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ALEXANDER  S.  SALLEY,  .IK. 


THE  HISTORY 


OF 


ORANGEBURG   COUNTY 


SOUTH   CAROLINA 


FROM  ITS  FIRST  SETTLEMENT  TO  THE  CLOSE  OF 
THE  REVOLUTIONARY  WAR 


BY 

A.  S.  SALLEY,  JR. 

MEMBER  80UTHEKN  HISTORY  ASSOCIATION' 


ORANGEBURG,  S.  C. 


K.  LEWIS  BERRY,  PRINTER  O    lOK' 

1898 


Col'YUiiaii'.  ISU^ 
By  a.  S.  SALLEY, 


TO 
THE  MEMORY 

( )  F 

MY  GRANDFATHER, 

rHK   LATK 
DR.   A.   SS.   SALLEY, 

AM) 

To  the  People  of  Orangeburg  County, 

AMONG   WHOM   HE   LIVED    AL,Ij  THE    YEARS  OF    HIS   LIFE,    AND   FOR 

WHOM    HE   LABORED    PROFESSIONALLY   FOR  OVER   FIFTY 

YEARS   OF   THAT   LIFE,    THIS   VOLUME   IS 

RESPECTFULLY   DEDICATED. 


It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  very  many  persons  are 
prone  to  study  the  history  of  every  other  country, 
while  totally  neglecting  that  of  their  own  country; 
and  yet  the  study  of  local  history  is  one  of  the  most 
delightful  of  studies. 

The  State  of  South  Carolina,  in  historic  interest, 
stands  among  the  very  first  of  our  States;  but,  never- 
theless, the  numerous  valuable  historical  works  on 
South  Carolina  have  long  since  passed  out  of  print  be- 
cause of  the  lack  of  interest  manifested  in  them,  and 
many  people  in  this  State  to-day  accept  as  history  the 
false  writings  of  uninformed  partisan  writers,  and, 
what  is  worse,  permit  their  children  to  be  taught  these 
falsehoods  as  truths. 

Orangeburg  County  is  rich  in  historic  treasures,  and 
although  a  few  of  these  treasures  have  been  collected 
and  given  to  us  in  several  works  on  South  Carolina, 
they  are  still  out  of  the  reach  of  the  average  reader,  on 
account  of  the  scarcity  of  these  works  to-day.  It  is 
my  purpose  to  present  in  these  pages  the  various  ex- 
tracts pertaining  to  Orangeburg,  from  several  of  the 
works  referred  to  above,  and.  in  addition,  to  give 
much  history  of  Orangeburg  County  that  has  never 
before  been  published,  including  the  record  of  mar- 
riages, births  and  deaths,  kept  by  Rev.  John  Ulrick 
Giessendanner  and  his  successor.  Rev.  John  Uiessen- 
danner,  from  1737  to  1761. 


(vi) 

Some  may  think  that  I  have  gone  too  much  into  de- 
tail, and  that  I  have  put  in  much  that  might  have 
heen  left  out;  but  this  work  is  not  prepared  "for  the 
use  of  schools",  but  according  to  the  approved  style  of 
purely  local  histories,  and  I  can  only  add,  in  the  words 
of  Dr.  Eamsay,  in  his  History  of  South  Carolina,  that, 
"Every  day  that  minute  local  histories  of  these  states 
are  deferred  is  an  injury  to  posterity,  for  by  means 
thereof  more  of  that  knowledge  which  ought  to  be 
transmitted  to  them^will  be  irrecoverably  lost," 

Tn  preparing  this  work  J  have  fieely  consulted, 
Ramsay's  History  of  South  Carolina  and  his  History 
of  the  Revolution  in  South  Carolina;  three  editions  of 
Simms's  History  of  South  Carolina,  his  Geography  of 
South  Carolina,  his  South  Carolina  in  the  Revolution- 
ary War,  and  his  novel  "The  Forayers";  Howe's  His- 
tory of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  South  Carolina; 
Dalcho's  History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  South  Carolina;  Col.  Henry  Lee's  Memoirs  of  the 
War  in  the  Southern  Department;  Moultrie's  Memoirs; 
Drayton's  Memoirs;  Drayton's  View  of  South  Carolina; 
Johnson's  Traditions  of  the  Revolution;  O'Neall's 
Bench  and  Bar  of  South  Carolina,  and  his  Annals  of 
Newberry  District;  Carroll's  Historical  Collections 
of  South  Carolina;  B.  F.  Perry's  Sketches;  Gibbes's 
Documentary  Histories;  Collections  of  the  South  Car- 
olina Historical  Society;  Logan's  History  of  the  Up- 
per Country  of  South  Carolina;  Mills's  Statistics  of 
South  Carolina;  Industrial  Resources  of  South  Caroli- 
na (Vol.  Ill);  Thomas's  History  of  the  South  Carolina 
Military  Academy;  La  Borde's  History  of  the  South 
Carolina  College;  Tarleton  Brown's  Memoirs;  a  pamph- 
let on  the  P\)rmation  of  Judicial  and  Political  Sub- 
Divisions  in  South  Carolina,  by  J.  P.  Thomas,  Jr.;  a 
pamphlet  entitled  "The  Names,  as  far  as  can  be  ascer- 


(vii) 

tained,  of  the  Officers  who  served  in  the  South  Caroli- 
na Regiments  on  the  Continental  Establishment,  of 
the  Officers  who  served  in  the  Militia,  of  what  troops 
were  upon  the  Continental  Establishment,  and  what 
Militia  Organizations  served",  by  Gen.  Wilmot  G.  De 
Saussure;  the  Statutes  of  South  Carolina;  the  files  of 
various  old  South  Carolina  newspapers  in  the  Charles- 
ton Librar}^,  dating  as  far  back  as  1732;  the  public 
records  in  the  offices  of  Register  of  Mesne  Conveyance 
and  Judge  of  Probate  of  Charleston,  dating  back  to 
1700;  those  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  at 
Columbia,  dating  back  to  1682;  and  numerous  old 
deeds,  grants,  letters,  &c.  &c. 

I  have,  perhaps,  quoted  rather  freely  from  the  "His- 
tory of  the  German  Settlements  and  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  North  and  South  Carolina",  by  Rev.  G.  D. 
Bernheim,  D.  D.;  but  what  Dr.  Bernheim  h^s  written 
is  too  important  to  be  left  out  of  a  work  on  Orange- 
burg. He  has  gone  deeper  into  the  history  of  one  of 
the  most  important  elements  of  our  population,  the 
German  settlers,  than  any  other  of  our  historians;  and 
if  I  had  spent  years  in  making  researches,  in  the  end, 
I  could  not  have  improved  upon  Dr.  Bernheim's  obser- 
vations, although  I  have  been  able  to  make  additions 
here  and  there  to  what  he  has  written. 

I  am  also  under  obligations,  for  valuable  assistance, 
to  Rev.  A.  E.  Cornish,  Librarian  of  the  Episcopal  Li- 
brary in  Charleston;  Langdon  Cheves,  Esq.,  of  Charles- 
ton; Henry  F.  Jennings,  Esq.,  of  Columbia;  Mr.  W.  W. 
Culler,  of  Orangeburg  County;  Mr.  Yates  Snowden,  of 
the  News  and  Courier;  and  my  grandfather,  Mr.  C.  M. 
McMichael,  of  Orangeburg.  From  my  grandfather, 
the  late  Dr.  A.  S.  Salley,  I  also  received  valuable  infor- 
mation and  suggestions. 

To  my  father,  for  his  generous  aid;  and  to  all  others 


(viii) 

who  lent  their  interest  and  sympathy,  I  beg  to  make 
my  acknowledgments. 

A.  S,  Salley,  Jr. 
Orangeburg,  S.  C, 
April  1st,  1898. 


INTRODUCTION 


There  have  existed  in  South  Carolina  various  ter- 
ritorial divisions.  There  have  been  counties,  parishes, 
townships,  districts  or  precincts,  election  districts  and 
judicial  districts.  Landgrave  Joseph  Morton  became 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1682,  and  one  of  the 
first  measures  required  of  him  was  the  division  of  the 
inhabited  portion  of  the  province  into  three  counties. 
(Order  of  Proprietors,  Maj-  10,  1682.)  Berkeley,  em- 
bracing Charles  Town,  extended  from  Sewee  on  the 
North  to  Stono  Creek  on  the  South;  beyond  this  to 
the  northward  was  Craven  County,  and  to  the  south- 
ward Colleton.  Shortly  afterw^ards  Cartaret  County 
was  added  to  the  number.  This  County  included  the 
country  around  Port  Royal;  later,  about  1708,  it  was 
called  Granville  County. 

The  territory  now  embraced  within  Orangeburg 
County  formed  parts  of  Berkeley  and  Colleton.  That 
part  of  Orangeburg  East  of  the  Edisto  river,  with  the 
exception  of  a  narrow  strip  along  that  river  southward 
from  a  point  a  few  miles  below  the  city  of  Orange- 
liurg,  was  in  Berkeley  County,  and  that  part  West  of 
the  Edisto.  together  with  the  above  mentioned  strip, 
was  in  Colleton.  In  1704,  an  Act  was  passed  creating 
parishes  within  the  several  counties.  In  Berkeley 
County  six  parishes  were  established,  but  none  of  them 
included  any  territory  no\v  embraced  by  Orangeburg 
Connty.  In  1706  two  parishes  were  established  in 
('Olleton  County,  but  did  not  likewise  include  an}'  of 
the  territory  now  eml^raced  l)y  Orangeburg  County. 

In  1780,  by  royal  authority,  eleven  townships  were 
laid  otf  in  square  plats  on  the  sides  of  rivers  in  South 
Carolina,  each    containing  20,000   acres.     Thev  were 


a  THE  HISTORY  OF 

designed  to  encourage  settlements,  and  the  plan  was 
that  each  township  should  eventually  become  a  parish. 
When  their  population  increased  to  one  hundred  fami- 
lies, they  were  to  have  the  right  to  send  two  members 
to  the  General  Assembly.  Of  these  eleven  townships 
two  were  laid  off  on  the  Santee,  (or  more  properly  on 
the  Congaree,  a  l)ninch  of  the  Sjintee,  and  the  Santee), 
one  on  the  Pon  Pon,  (Edisto),  and  one  on  the  Savan- 
nah, opposite  to  the  present  site  of  .Augusta.  These 
were  Amelia,  so  called  probably  after  the  Princess 
Amelia;  the  township  that  was  at  first  called  Con- 
garee, but  which  was  called  Saxe-Gotha  by  Governor 
Broughton  in  1736;  the  township  that  was  at  first 
called  Edisto,  but  after  its  settlement  by  the  Germans, 
Swiss  and  Dutch  in  1735  was  called  Orangeburgh,  pre- 
sumably in  honor  of  William  of  Orange;  and  New 
Windsor. 

In  1765,  the  townships  of  Amelia  and  Orangeburgh 
were  erected  into  St.  Matthew's  Pai-ish  by  the  follow- 
ing Act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Province  of 
South  Carolina:    (Statutes  of  S.  C.  Vol.  IV.,  page  230.) 

{No.  Mi.)     "AN   ACT  for  establishing  a  Parish  in. 
Berkley  County,  by  the  name  of  St.   Matthew,  and 
for  declaring  the  road  therein  mentioned  to  be  a  pub- 
lic road. 

'•WHEREAS,  several  inhal)itants  of  the  said  coun- 
ty, by  their  petition  to  the  General  Assembly,  have 
represented  many  inconveniences  which  they  are  un- 
der for  want  of  having  a  parish  laid  out  and  estab- 
lished in  the  said  county,  contiguous  to  and  including 
Amelia  township,  and  prayed  that  a  law  may  be 
passed  for  that  purpose:  we  therefore  luinjbly  pray  his 
most  sacred  Majesty  that  it  may  l)e  enacted. 

"1.  A/t(l  he  if  I'lKirfed.  by  the  Honorable  William 
Bull,  Esq.,  Lieutenant  (Jovernor  and  Commander-in- 
chief  in   and    over  the   Province   of  Soutii   Caiolina. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  .  6 

by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  his  Majesty's 
Council  and  the  Commons  House  of  Assembly  of  the 
said  Province,  and  b}^  the  authority  of  the  same,  That 
immediately  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  a 
parish  shall  be  laid  out  and  established  in  Berkley 
county  aforesaid,  in  the  following  manner,  that  is  to 
say,  by  running  a  line  from  the  plantation  of  Gar- 
rard Nelson  on  Santee  River,  inclusive,  to  the  place 
where  the  new  road  leading  from  the  plantation  of 
Tacitus  (ialliard,  Esq.  to  the  road  leading  from  Char- 
lestown  to  Orangeburgh.  intersects  the  line  that  di- 
vides the  parish  of  St.  George  Dorchester  from  St. 
James  Goose  Creek,  and  from  thence  to  continue  on 
the  said  line  until  it  intersects  the  Four  Hole  Creek 
the  second  time,  thence  following  the  said  Creek  till 
it  intersects  the  south  east  bounds  of  Oi*angeburgh 
township,  and  from  thence  along  the  bounds  of  the 
said  township  to  the  southward,  and  where  that  line 
reaches  Edisto  River,  up  the  course  of  the  said  river 
until  the  north  west  boundary  of  the  said  tow^nship, 
from  the  River  a  north  east  course  along  the  line  of 
the  township  until  it  joins  the  south  west  bounds  of 
Amelia  township,  and  from  thence  a  north  east  course 
till  it  reaches  Beaver  Creek;  and  that  the  said  parish 
shall  hereaftei'  be  called  and  known  by  the  name  of 
vSt.  Matthew,  and  the  inhabitants  thereof  shall  and 
may  have.  use.  exercise  and  enjoy  all  the  rights,  privi- 
leges and  immunities  that  the  inhabitants  of  any  other 
parish  do  or  can  use.  exercise  or  enjoy  1)y  the  laws  of 
this  Pi'ovince. 

''II.  Afid  he  if  (ilxo  n/(f(i('(l  hy  the  authority  afore- 
said. That  a  chuich,  chapel  and  parsonage  house  shall 
be  built  at  such  places  within  the  bounds  of  the  said 
parish,  as  the  major  part  of  the  commissioners  hei'eaf- 
ter  named,  shall  oi'der  and  direct;  and  also,  that  a 
chapel  shall  be  built  at  such  [)lace  within  the  bounds 


4  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  the  said  parish  as  the  njajor  part  of  the  commis- 
sioners hereafter  last  named,  shall  order  and  direct. 

''III.  And  be  it  aho  eHacfcfl  by  the  authority  afore- 
said, That  the  rector  or  minister  of  the  said  parish  for 
the  time  being,  shall  officiate  in  the  said  church  and 
chapels  alternately,  and  shall  be  elected  and  chosen 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  rectors  or  ministers  of  the 
several  other  parishes  in  this  Province  are  elected  and 
chosen,  and  shall  have  yearly  paid  to  him  and  his  suc- 
cessors forever,  the  same  salary  as  is  appointed  for  the 
rector  or  minister  of  any  other  parish  in  this  Province, 
(the  parishes  of  St.  Philip  and  St.  Michael  excepted,) 
out  of  the  fund  appropriated  or  to  be  appropriated  for 
payment  of  the  salaries  of  the  clergy  in  this  Province; 
and  the  public  treasurer  for  the  time  being  is  hereby 
authorized  and  required  to  pay  the  same,  under  the 
like  penalties  and  forfeitures  as  for  not  paying  the 
salaries  due  to  the  other  rectors  or  ministers  of  the 
several  other  parishes  in  this  Province;  and  the  said 
rector  or  minister  of  the  said  parish  shall  have  and 
enjoy  all  and  every  such  privileges  and  advantages, 
and  be  under  such  rules,  laws  and  restrictions,  as  the 
rectors  or  ministers  of  the  other  parishes  in  this 
Province  have  and  enjoy,  or  are  subject  and  liable 
unto. 

•'IV.  .ind  he  it  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid. 
That  Colonel  Moses  Thompson,  Col.  William  Thomp- 
son, William  Heatly,  Thomas  Piatt,  Tacitus  Galliard. 
Timothy  Dargon,  Robert  Whitten.  William  Find,  John 
Burdell,  Christopher  Coullett  and  John  Oliver,  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  appointed,  commissioners  or  super- 
visors for  the  building  of  the  church,  chapel  and  par- 
sonage house  in  the  said  parish  of  St.  Matthew,  exclu- 
sive of  that  pai't  of  the  ))arish  called  Orangebnrgh 
Township:  and  that  Christian  Miniii<'k.  (javin  Powe. 
Captain    Howe.  Colonel   Chevillette  and  John   Co\an. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


or  a  majority  of*  them,  bo.  and  the}'  are  hereby  ap- 
pointed, commissioners  or  supervisors  for  building  the 
chapel  in  that  part  of  the  parish  called  Orangeburgh 
Township;  and  they,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  are 
fully  authorized  and  im powered  to  purchase  a  glebe 
for  the  said  parish,  and  to  take  subscriptions,  and  to 
receive  and  gathei-.  collect  and  sue  for,  all  such  sum 
and  sums  of  money  as  any  pious  and  well  disposed 
person  or  persons  shall  give  and  contribute  for  the 
purposes  aforesaid:  and  in  case  of  the  death,  absence 
or  refusing  to  act  of  any  of  the  said  commissioners, 
the  church  wardens  and  vestry  of  the  said  parish  of 
St.  Matthew,  for  the  tinie  being,  shall  and  may  nomi- 
nate and  appoint  another  person  or  persons  to  be 
commissioner  or  commissioners  in  the  room  or  place 
of  such  so  dead,  absent  or  refusing  to  act,  as  to  the 
said  church  wardens  and  vestry  shall  seem  meet; 
which  commissioner  or  commissioners  so  to  be  nomi- 
nated and  appointed,  shall  have  the  same  powers  and 
authority  for  putting  this  Act  into  execution,  to  all 
intents  and  purposes,  as  the  commissioners  herein 
named. 

"V.  A nd  he  if  also  itiacied  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  parish  of  St.  Matthew, 
qualified  by  law  for  that  purpose,  shall  choose  and 
elect  two  members,  and  no  more,  to  represent  the  said 
parish  in  General  Assembly:  any  law,  usage  or  custom 
to  the  contrary  thereof  in  any  wise  notwithstanding; 
and  that  writs  for  the  electing  of  members  to  serve  in 
the  General  Assembly  for  the  said  parish,  shall  be  is- 
sued in  the  same  manner  and  at  the  same  times  as  foi- 
the  several  other  i»arish(^s  in  this  Province,  accoi-ding 
to  the  directions  in  the  Act  intitled  "An  Act  to  ascer- 
tain the  manner  and  form  of  electing  mend)ers  to  rep- 
resent the  inhabitants  of  this  Province  in  the  Com- 
mons House  of  Assembly,  and  to  appoint  who  shall  be 


6  THE  HISTORY  OF 

deemed  and   adjudged   capable  of  choosing  or  being 
chosen  members  of  the  said  house.' 

"VI.  Am/  he  if  further  ej/arfed  by  the  authority  afore- 
said, That  the  new  road  leading  from  the  ferry  of 
Tacitus  Galliard,  Escjuire,  to  the  road  leading  from 
Charlestown  to  Orangeburgh,  shall  be.  and  it  is  here- 
by declared  to  be,  a  public  road,  and  shall  be  worked 
upon  and  kept  in  repair  by  the  inhabitants  of  each 
parish  through  which  the  said  road  runs,  in  the  same 
manner  as  all  the  other  public  roads  in  this  Province 
are;  and  that  the  commissioners  herein  before  a[»- 
pointed  shall  also  be  commissioners  of  and  for  the 
said  road,  and  all  other  roads  in  the  said  parish  of  St. 
Matthew,  and  shall  have  the  same  powers  and  authori- 
ty as  any  other  commissioners  of  the  high  roads  in 
this  Province  have;  and  in  case  any  of  the  said  com- 
missioners shall  die  or  refuse  to  act.  the  remaining 
commissioners  shall,  from  time  to  time,  choose  one  or 
more  commissioner  or  commissioners  in  the  room  of 
him  or  them  so  dying  or  refusing  to  act,  and  he  or 
they  so  chosen  shall  have  the  same  powers  and  au- 
thority as  the  said  other  commissioners. 

"IiAWLiNs  Lowndes,  Speaker. 
''In  the  CouNcIf  Chfiniher.  the  9fh  da//  of  Aiir/asf.  1765. 
'^Assented  to:     Wm.  Bull." 

By  order  of  the  King's  Privy  Council,  Governor  Mon- 
tagu published,  in  the  South  (\iro/ina  (lazette  of  Mon- 
day, February  29th,  to  Monday,  March   7th,  17()S,  the 
following  proclamation  annulling  the  above  act: 
•"South  Carolina: 

•'By  His  Excellency  the  Hight  Honorable,  Lord 
diaries  Greville  Montagu,  ('ai)tain  (ieneral.  aii<l  (lov- 
ernor  in  Chief,  in  and  over  the  said  l^rovince.  tkv.  cVc. 

"A    PROCLAMATION. 

•"Whereas  tlu^    Ivi^ht    Honorable   the    Earl    of    She- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY,  i 

biirnp,  one  of  his  Majesty's  principal  Secretaries  of 
State,  hath  transmitted  to  me  a  minute  of  his  Majestj^ 
in  his  most  honorable  Privy  council,  signifying,  that 
an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  this  Province,  en- 
titled, 'an  Ad  for  esiablish'uui  a  Parish  in  Berkley  Coun- 
ty by  the  Name  of  St.  Maftlieir,  and  for  deelariny  the 
road  t  lie  rein  mentioned  to  Ije  a  pnhlir  Road'' ;  together 
with  a  Representation  from  the  Lords  Commissioners 
of  Trade  and  Plantations  thereupon,  having  been  re- 
ferred to  a  committee  of  his  Majesty's  most  honoura- 
ble Privy  Council  for  Plantation  Affairs;  the  said 
Lords  of  the  Committee  had  reported  as  their  Opinion 
to  his  Majesty  that  the  said  Act  ought  to  be  repealed; 
and  his  Majesty  having  taken  the  same  into  Consider- 
ation, was  pleased  by  the  Advice  of  his  Privy  Council, 
to  declare  his  Disallowance  of  the  said  Act;  And  pur- 
suant to  his  Majesty's  Royal  Pleasure  thereupon  ex- 
pressed, the  said  Act  was  thereby  Repealed,  and  de- 
clared Void  and  of  none  Effect:  I  HAVE  THERE- 
FORE issued  this  my  Proclamation,  hereby  notifying 
the  same,  and  requiring  all  Persons  whom  it  may  con- 
cern, to  take  Notice  and  govern  themselves  accord- 
ingly. 

GIVEN  under  my  hand,  and  the  great  seal  of  the 
said  province,  at  CHARLES  TOWn!  this  29th  day  of 
February.  Anno  r)omini  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  sixty-eight,  and  in  the  eighth  year  of  his  Majesty's 

I'^ig'^'-  -C.  (i.  Montagu, 

"By  his  Excellency's  conjmand,  .lohii  Bull.  Pro.  Sec. 
(lod  save  the  KINii." 

Notwithstanding  this  veto  theCleneral  Assembly,  in 
April  following,  re-enacted  the  same  measure  under 
the  same  title,  with  the  same  preamlde:  fixed  the 
same  boundaries,  made  the  same  conditions  as  to 
chni'ch.  chai)el  and  parsonage,  and  declared  the  same 


S  THE  HISTORY  OF 

road  mentioned  in  the  former  Act  to  he  a  public  road. 
The  only  differences  between  the  Act  of  1768,  which 
became  permanent,  and  that  of  1765,  are  to  be  found 
in  the  fourth  and  fifth  isections  of  the  Acts.  In  the 
fourth  section  of  the  Act  of  1768  the  following  com- 
missioners or  supervisors  were  appointed  for  the  build- 
ing of  the  new  church,  chapel  and  parsonage  house  in 
the  said  parish  of  St.  Matthew,  exclusive  of  Orange- 
burgh  Township:  Benjamin  Farrar,  Col.  William 
Thomson,  William  Heatly.  Thomas  Piatt,  Tacitus  (jail- 
lard,  Thomas  Sabb,  John  Bordeil,  John  Caldwell,  Rob- 
ert Whitton,  William  Flood  and  John  McNichol.  For 
the  building  of  a  chapel  in  Orangeburgh  Township  the 
following  commissioners  were  appointed:  Gavin  Pou. 
Captain  Christopher  Rowe,  Samuel  Rowe,  William 
Young  and  Andrew  Govan. 

The  fifth  section  differs  from  the  same  section  of  the 
former  Act  in  that  it  provides  for  only  one  Represen- 
tative in  the  Provincial  Assembly  instead  of  two,  and 
further  provides  that  the  number  of  Representatives 
for  St.  James  Goose  Creek  be  reduced  from  four  to 
three  in  consequence  of  this  allowing  of  a  Represen- 
tative for  St.  Matthew's  Parish.  The  Act  is  dated 
April  12th,  1768,  and  is  signed  by  P.  Manigault.  Speak- 
er, and  assented  to  by  Governor  Montagu.  (Stats,  of 
S.  C,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  298.f 

In  1768  an  Act  was  passed  dividing  the  Province  of 
South  Carolina  into  seven  judicial  (iisfi'icts  or pjrcinrfs* 

*In  1767  (April  18th)  the  Legislature  passed  "An  Act  for  gran  til  ij?  to 
his  Majesty  the  sum  of  P^igliteeii  Thousand  Pounds  eurreiit  money,  to 
l)e  paid  for  a  general  survey  of  tliis  Province,  and  for  appointing  com- 
missioners to  enter  into  a  written  agrt-emeiit  with  Tacitus  Gaillard, 
Es(i.  and  Mr.  .James  Coolv,  for  that  purpose".  iStats.  of  8.  ('.,  Vol. 
IV.,  p.  2H2. )  Whetiier  this  survey  was  made  or  not  tlu'  records  do 
uot  sliow,  hut  .Tames  Cooii  did  jjuhlisii  in  1771,  a  Tiiap  of  South  Caro- 
lina which  showed  the  houndarics  of  the  districts  laid  off  hv  the  Act 
ofl7()S. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  9 

and  authorizing  the  holding  of  Courts  of  General  Ses- 
sions and  Common  Pleas  therein,  twice  a  year,  to  sit 
for  six  days,  for  the  trial  of  causes  criminal  and  civil 
arising  within  the  same,  "as  nearly  as  may  be,  as  the 
Justices  of  Assize  and  Nisi  Prius  do  in  Great  Britain". 
The  third  of  these  districts  was  called  the  "District,  or 
Precinct,  of  Orangeburgh",  including  "all  places  be- 
tween Savannah,  Santee,  Congaree  and  Broad  Rivers, 
the  said  line  from  Nelson's  Ferry  to  Matthew's  Bluff, 
and  a  direct  line  to  be  run  from  Silver  Bluff,  on  Savan- 
nah River,  to  the  mouth  of  Rocky  Creek,  on  Saluda 
River,  and  thence  in  the  same  course  to  Broad  River". 
It  w^as  not,  however,  until  1789  that  these  Courts  were 
given  complete  and  equal  jurisdiction  with  the  Courts 
at  Charleston,  and  writs  and  process  made  returnable 
to  them  and  not  to  the  Court  at  Charleston,  A  Clerk 
and  a  Sheriff  was  allowed  to  each  district.  It  will  be 
observed  that  this,  the  original  District  of  Orange- 
burgh, contained  all  of  the  present  Counties  of  Orange- 
burg, Barnwell,  Bamberg  and  Lexington,  (and  Calhoun 
*'in  futuro")  and  the  larger  part  of  Aiken.  (All  save 
the  present  townships  of  Shultz,  Hammond,  Gregg, 
Shaw  and  Ward.)  It  included  the  whole  of  the  town- 
ships of  Orangeburgh,  Amelia  and  Saxe-Gotha,  and  a 
part  of  New  Windsor. 

In  March,  1778,  the  Township  of  Orangeburgh  was 
erected  into  a  parish  called  Orange,  b}^  the  following 
Act  of  the  State  Legislature:  (Statutes  of  S.  C,  Vol. 
IV.,  pp.  40S-9.) 

{No.  1072.)  "AN  ACT  for  dividing  the  Township  of 
Orangeburgh  from  the  Parish  of  St.  Matthews,  into  a 
separate  Parish,  by  the  name  of  Orange  Parish,  and 
for  the  other  purposes  therein  mentioned. 

•'WHEREAS,  the  inha))itants  of  Orangeburgh  Town- 
ship were,  by  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  passed 
on  the  twelfth  day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 


10  THE  HISTORY  OF 

thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty  eight,  in<'luded  in 
the  Parish  of  St.  Matthew,  wherehy  the  said  inhabi- 
tants have  sustained  many  inconveniences,  which 
still  subsist;  for  remedy  whereof, 

"I.  Be  it  enacted  by  his  Excellency  Rawlins  Lowndes, 
Esq.,  President  and  Commander-in-chief  in  and  over 
the  State  of  South  Carolina,  by  the  honorable  the 
Legislative  Council  and  General  Assembly  of  the  said 
State,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  That  the  divi- 
ding line  between  the  district  of  Charlestown  and 
Orangeburgh  shall  henceforth  be  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  Township  of  Orangeburgh  and  the  parishes 
of  St.  Matthew,  St.  John's  Berkley  county.  St.  James 
Goose  Creek  and  St.  George  Dorchester;  and  from  the 
said  Charlestown  district  line  the  Four  Hole  Creek,  as 
far  as  the  line  that  divides  Amelia  Township  and  Or- 
angeburgh District,  following  the  said  line  to  the 
north-west  boundary  line  of  the  said  Township,  shall 
be  the  dividing  line  between  St.  Matthew's  parish  and 
the  township  of  Orangeburgh;  and  that  the  inhabi- 
tants residing  on  and  between  the  said  Charlestown 
district  line  and  the  north-west  bounding  of  Amelia 
township,  and  on  and  between  the  said  district  line 
and  Santee  River,  be  hereafter  deemed  and  known  in 
law  to  be  the  inhal)itants  of  St.  Matthew's  Parish;  and 
the  inhabitants  being  and  residing  on  and  l»etween 
the  said  Charlestown  district  line,  iind  the  north-west 
bounding  line  of  Orangeburgh  township,  and  between 
the  Four  Hole  Creek  and  the  line  that  divides  the 
townships  of  Orangeburgh  and  A?nelia,  and  Pon  Pon 
River,  be  hereafter  deemed  and  known  in  law  to  be 
the  inhabitants  of  Orange  Parish. 

'TI.  AikI  he  if  fHiflii'r  eiKirfeil  by  the  authority  afore- 
said. That  the  inhabitants  of  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  be- 
ing qualified  as  by  law  directed,  shall  (dioose  three 
meml)ers  to  represent  them  in  Genei'al  Assembly:  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  11 

the  iuhabitants  of  Orange  Parish,  qualified  as  afore- 
said, shall  choose  three  members  to  represent  them  in 
the  General  Assembly;  and  that  writs  for  the  election 
of  members  for  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  issued 
in  the  same  manner  and  at  the  same  time  as  writs 
have  been  and  shall  be  issued  for  the  other  parishes 
and  distiicts  in  this  State. 

"III.  And  he  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  afore- 
said. That  Thomas  Wild,  John  Robinson,  Henry  Rick- 
inbacker.  James  Carmichael,  Jacob  Woolf,  Jr.,  Henry 
Felder,  Jr.,  Andrew  Frederick,  John  Claytoii  and  Pe- 
ter Moorer,  Sr.  l>e,  and  they  are  hereby  appointed, 
commissioners  for  keeping  in  repair  the  Public  Road 
from  the  above  said  north-west  boundary  line  of 
Orangeburgh  township  to  the  place  where  the  said 
road  crosses  Charlestovvn  district  line,  and  that  they 
shall  have  the  same  powers  and  authorities  as  any 
other  commissioners  of  the  high  roads  in  this  State 
may  or  can  exercise  and  enjoy;  and  in  case  any  of  the 
said  commissioners  shall  die  or  refuse  to  act,  the  re- 
maining commissioners  shall  from  time  tO  time  choose 
one  or  more  commissioner  or  comnjissioners,  in  the 
room  of  him  or  them  so  dying  or  refusing  to  act,  and 
he  or  they  so  chosen,  shall  have  the  same  power  and 
authority  as  the  other  commissioners  have;  any  law, 
usage  or  custom  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

"Hugh  Rutledge.  Speaker  of  the  Legislative  Cotinci]. 

"Thomas  Bee,  Speaker  of  the  General  Asuenthly. 
"In  the  Couuril  Chamber,  the  16th  day  of  March,'  1778. 
"A.s.set/fed  to:   Hawlins  Lowndes." 

The  Constitution  of  177S  provided  that  the  whole 
State  should,  as  soon  as  possible,  be  divided  into  dis- 

TIk'  rotul  rt'tiTred  to  in  tlio  Inst  section  of  the  above  Act  is  the  road 
now  know  II  as  tlie  Bull  Swamp  roatl  altove  Oraiiiivhura',  as  lirougli- 
toii  Stri'et  ill  the  city  <>!'  Oraiiiicliiira-,  ami  as  the  olil  Charleston  road 
Iti'Iow  Oranirehufii. 


12  THE  HISTORY  OF 

tricts  and  counties,  and  that  County  Courts  should  be 
established.  Accordingly  in  1783  (March  16th.)  the 
Legislature,  concluding  that  it  was  "necessary  to  di- 
vide this  State  into  counties  of  a  convenient  size,  in 
order  to  the  establishment  of  courts  of  inferior  juris- 
diction",* passed  "An  Ordinance  for  appointing  Com- 
missioners in  each  of  the  Circuit  Court  Districts,  for 
dividing  the  same  into  Counties".  Under  the  Ordi- 
nance commissioners  were  appointed  in  each  of  the 
several  districts  and  "empowered  and  directed  to  lay 
off  and  divide"  their  respective  districts  "into  counties 
of  a  convenient  size,  of  not  more  than  forty  miles 
square,  unless  where  the  number  of  inhabitants  and 
situation  of  the  lands"  required  some  deviation:  were 
required  to  "recommend  a  proper  place  as  nearly  cen- 
tral as  possible  in  each  of  the  said  counties,  for  erect- 
ing court  houses  and  goals",  and  were  required  to 
"make  report  thereof  to  the  first  session  of  the  Gener- 
al Assembly",  held  after  the  last  day  of  December  fol- 
lowing. The  following  were  the  commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  divide  Orangeburgh  District:  William  Ar- 
thur, George  Robinson,  William  Thomson,  John  Park- 
inson, George  Rennarson,  Charles  Middleton  and  Uriah 
Goodwyn.  They  were  "authorized  and  impovvered  at 
the  public  expense  to  employ  surveyors",  where  they 
deemed  it  "absolutely  necessary",  "to  fix  and  ascertain 
the  boundary  lines  of  each  district  or  county  respect- 
ively".    (Stats,  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  5()1.) 

Following  this  Ordinance,  the  Legislature,  on  March 
12th,  17S5.  passed  "An  Act  for  hiyiiig  off  the  seveial 
(V)unties  therein  mentioned,  and  api)ointiiig  Commis- 
sioners to  erect  the  Public  lUiildings".  The  following 
clause  of  the  Act  concerns  Orangeburgh  District:  "The 

*To  be  Ix'ld  oiici"  in  every  three  iiiotitlis  in  encli  of  tlie  counties,  to 
l>e  i)reside<l  over  by  seven  .Justices  of  (be  l'e;i<-e.  A  ('leii\  and  :i  Sber- 
iH'  wjis  iillowi'd  to  eac!»  countv. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY,  13 

district  of  Orangeburgh  shall  be  divided  into  four 
counties,  viz:  beginning  at  the  boundary  line  of 
Charleston  district,  in  Four  Hole  swamp,  thence  along 
the  main  branch  to  the  head,  from  thence  northwest 
25°  to  Beaver  creek,  and  thence  along  the  same  to  the 
Congaree,  thence  down  Santee  to  Neilson's  ferry, 
then(;e  along  Charleston  district  line  to  the  beginning, 
and  shall  be  called  by  the  name  of  Lew^isburgh  coun- 
ty; one  other  county,  beginning  at  the  corner  of  Lew- 
isburgh  county  line,  in  the  Four  Hole  swamp,  thence 
along  the  said  line  to  Beaver  creek,  thence  southwest 
54°  to  the  road  leading  from  Orangeburgh  to  Ninety- 
Six,  in  the  fork  of  Edisto  river,  thence  south  to  the 
head  of  Little  Saltketcher,  thence  down  the  said  Salt- 
ketcher  to  the  district  line,  thence  to  the  beginning, 
and  shall  be  called  by  the  name  of  Orange  county; 
one  other  county,  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver 
creek,  thence  along  the  line  of  Orange  county,  thence 
southwest  54°  to  the  road  leading  from  Orangeburgh 
to  Ninety-Six,  thence  along  the  road  to  the  district 
line,  thence  along  the  said  line  to  Saluda  river,  thence 
along  Union  county*  line  to  Broad  river,  thence 
down  the  same  and  Congaree  river  to  the  beginning, 
and  be  called  by  the  name  of  Lexington  county;  one 
other  county,  beginning  on  the  Little  Saltketcher 
swamp,  at  the  corner  of  Orange  county  line,  thence 
along  the  district  line  to  Savannah  river,  thence  up  the 
same  to  the  district  line,  thence  along  the  said  line  to 
the  south,  branch  of  Edisto,  thence  down  the  same  to 
Tyler's  ferry,  thence  a  direct  line  to  the  Saltketchers, 
where  the  line  of  Beaufort  district  intersects,  to 
Orange  county  line,  thence  south  to  the  head  of  Little 
Saltketcher,  thence  down  the  same  to  the  beginning, 
and  shall  be  called  Winton  county".     The  justices  of 

■••Of  Niiu-tv-Six  District. 


14  THE  HISTORY  OF 

the  several  counties  were  authorized  to  erect  and  keep 
in  good  repair,  within  each  of  their  respective  counties^ 
and  at  the  charge  of  such  county,  "one  good  and  con- 
venient court-house,  with  necessary  jury  rooms,  and 
one  good  and  sufficient  county  gaol,  of  such  materials, 
workmanship,  size  and  dimensions",  as  they  should 
order  and  appoint,  "together  with  a  pillory,  whipping 
post  and  stocks".  The  justices  were  empowed  "to 
purchase,  or  receive  by  donation,  two  acres  of  land 
whereon  to  erect  the  said  county  buildings,  for  the 
use  of  such  county,  and  for  no  other  use  whatsoever". 
A  failure  on  the  part  of  the  justices  of  the  county  to 
have  erected  and  kept  in  good  and  sufficient  repair,  "a 
court  house,  prison,  pillory  and  stocks"  would  subject 
every  justice  so  failing  to  a  fine  of  two  hundred  pounds, 
to  be  recovered  by  action  of  debt,  one  half  to  go  to 
the  treasurers  for  the  time  being,  for  the  use  of  the 
county,  and  the  other  half  to  the  person  who  should 
inform  and  sue  for  the  same  in  the  Court  of  Com  moo 
Pleas.  The  justices  were  given  full  power  "to  levy 
and  assess  an  annual  tax  on  the  taxable  property  of 
the  several  inhabitants  within  the  respective  coun- 
ties, for  building  the  court  houses,  prisons,  pillories, 
whipping  posts  and  stocks",  and  they  wei'e  required 
to  put  the  public  buildings  in  the  most  convenient 
part  of  each  county.  (Stats,  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV..  p.  601. 
et  seq.) 

In  1790  a  convention  of  the  people  of  South  Caroli- 
na met  in  Columbia  to  establish  a  constitution  for  the 
government  of  the  State  conformably  to  the  princiides 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.,  'I'he  Consti- 
tution of  1790  was  the  work  of  that  Convention,  "'it 
constituted  the  organic  law  of  the  State  until  ISG.").  It 
vested  legislative  authority  in  a  Senate  and  a  House 
of  Representatives.  Piepresentation  in  the  (ieneral 
Assemblv  was  accorded  to  certain  su))-divisions.  wliicli 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  15 

were  called  'Election  Districts.'  These  election  dis- 
tricts comprised  nearly  all  of  the  old  parishes  and 
many  of  the  counties  which  had  been  laid  off  in  1785 
for  the  County  Court  establishment.  Those  parts  of 
the  State  in  which  County  Courts  had  not  been  estab- 
lished retained  for  the  most  part  their  parish  divisions 
for  representative  purposes,  and  in  the  other  parts  of 
the  State  the  election  districts  corresponded  in  name 
and  territory,  in  most  instances,  with  the  counties." 
The  County  of  Lexington,  however,  was  the  Election 
District  of  Saxe-Gotha  until  1852  when  it  was  changed 
to  the  Election  District  of  Lexington,  and,  in  the 
course  of  time,  the  Election  District  of  Win  ton  be- 
came known  as  the  Election  District  of  Barnwell. 

"When  the  Constitution  of  1790  was  adopted,  it  pro- 
vided that  the  judicial  power  of  the  State  should  be 
vested  in  such  Supeiior  and  Inferior  Courts  as  the 
Legislature  might  establish.  Accordingly,  in  1791,  an 
Act  was  passed  to  amend  the  Acts  regulating  the  Cir- 
cuit Courts  in  the  State.  This  Act  created  two  new 
Judicial  Districts,  namely:  Pinckney  and  Washing- 
ton, making  in  all  nine  districts,  instead  of  seven  as 
formerly.  The  Districts  were  laid  off  anew."  Orange- 
burgh  District  "included  all  places  between  the  Sa- 
vannah, Santee,  Congaree  and  Broad  Rivers,  the  said 
line  from  Nelson's  Ferry  to  Matthew's  Bluff,  and  di- 
rect line  to  be  run  from  Silver  Bluff,  on  the  Savannah 
River,  to  the  mouth  of  Rocky  Creek  on  Saluda  River, 
and  thence  in  the  same  courses  to  Broad  River."  It 
will  be  noticed  that  the  district  remained  exactly  the 
same  as  when  first  laid  off' in  1768. 

"In  1798,  an  Act  was  passed  to  establish  a  uniform 
and  more  convenient  system  of  judicature.  This  Act 
provided  for  the  holding  of  District  or  Circuit  Courts 
in  many  of  the  Counties  of  the  State,  and  in  those 
Districts  of.  the  State  wherein  Countv  Courts  had  not 


16  THE  HISTORY  OF 

been  established,  and  provided  for  the  arrangement  of 
those  Courts  into  several  circuits  or  ridings.  The 
twenty-four  Districts  created  by  this  Act  were  known 
as  Judicial  Districts,  in  contradistinction  to  the  Elec- 
tion Districts  of  the  State.  These  Judicial  Districts, 
in  some  instances,  covered  the  same  territoi-y  as  the 
Election  District,"  In  others  they  differed.  In  Orange- 
burgh  they  differed.  In  some  instances,  although 
the  Judicial  and  Election  Districts  were  identical  in 
territor}^  yet  they  had  different  names.  Lexington 
District,  for  instance,  was  for  man}^  years  represented 
in  the  Legislature  as  Saxe-Gotha.  One  of  the  Judicial 
Districts  so  created  was  Barnwell,  which  included 
"that  part  of  the  former  District  of  Orangeburg  as  is 
included  between  South  Edisto  and  Savannah  Rivers". 
Orangeburgh  District  included  all  of  the  former  Dis- 
trict save  Barnwell. 

In  1804  Lexington  County  was  cut  off  from  Orange- 
burgh District  and  erected  into  Lexington  District. 

"The  next  changes  to  be  noted  were  made  by  the 
Constitution  of  1865.  There  had  always  been  a  strug- 
gle in  the  State  to  make  the  Judicial  and  Election 
Districts  the  same  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name,  and,  as 
has  been  mentioned,  the  names  of  some  of  the  Elec- 
tion Districts  were  changed  to  correspond  with  the 
Judicial  Districts.  The  Constitution  of  1865  nearh 
ended  the  contest,  for  by  its  provisions  every  Judicial 
District  in  the  State,  with  one  exception,  was  made 
an  Election  District".  (This  exception  was  in  the  case 
of  the  District  of  Charleston,  the  provision  for  that 
District  being  that  it  should  "consist  of  two  Election 
Districts,  one  comprising  the  Parishes  of  St.  Philip's 
and  St.  Michael's,  to  be  known  as  the  Election  District 
of  Charleston,  the  other  comprising  the  remainder  of 
the  Judicial  District,  to  be  known  as  the  Election  Dis- 
trict of  Berkclev.")    "Vnder  the  anthoritv  of  this  Con- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  17 

stitution.  District  Courts  for  each  District  were  estab- 
lished with  a  certain  limited  jurisdiction.  They  last- 
ed until  the  Constitution  of  1868  was  adopted.  The 
number  of  Representatives,  and  the  method  of  ap- 
pointment, prescribed  by  the  Constitution  of  1865 
were  the  same  as  provided  in  the  Constitution  of  1790 
and  in  the  amend nients  theieto.  Until  an  apportion- 
ment should  be  made  upon  a  new  enumeration,  it  was 
provided  that  the  representation  of  the  several  Elec- 
tion Districts  should  continue  as  heretofore. 

"The  Constitution  of  1868  made  all  Judicial  Dis- 
tricts Counties,  and  declared  each  County  an  Election 
District."  (The  old  Election  District  of  Berkeley  was 
absorbed  into  Charleston  County.) 

In  1871  Aiken  County  was  formed  out  of  parts  of 
the  counties  of  Orangeburg.  Edgefield.  Lexington  and 
Barnwell. 

Having  discussed  the  various  political  divisions  and 
sub-divisions  of  Orangeburg  County  from  the  earliest 
time,  next  we  discuss  the  history  of  the  people  of  that 
County.  But  before  proceeding,  a  word  as  to  spelling. 
It  will  be  observed  that  the  apostrophe  before  the  pos- 
sessive "s"'  has  been  dropped  in  late  years  from  the 
name  St.  Matthew's,  and  it  is  now  written  St.  Mat- 
thews. The  "h"  has  also  been  dropped  from  Orange- 
burgh  in  late  years.  For  our  purposes  we  shall  use 
the  *'h"  up  to  the  year  1868  when  the  Districts  were 
abolished  and  Counties  established  in  their  stead. 
Charleston  will  be  spelt  "Charlestown"  whenever  its 
Colonial  or  Revolutionary  history  is  mentioned,  as  it 
was  so  spelt  in  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  days.  The 
spelling,  capitalization,  abbreviation  and  punctuation 
of  all  ([noted  matters  will  be  given  as  in  the  oi'iginal. 


18  THE  HISTORY  OF 


CHAPTER   I. 

THE    FIRST    SETTLERS. 

Section  1.     Who  thei/  were,  and  where  fhet/  came  from. 

Probably  the  first  settlement  made  by  a  white  per- 
son in  the  territory  now  embraced  by  the  County  of 
Orangeburg  was  made  on  what  is  now  known  as  Ly- 
ons Creek,  in  1704,  by  Henry  Sterling,  who  is  supposed 
to  have  been  an  Indian  trader.  Prior  to  1735  but  few- 
white  inhabitants  had  settled  in  this  section,  and 
these  were  mostly  English,  Scotch  and  Irish. 

Dr.  Alexander  Hewat,  in  his  History  of  South  Caro- 
lina, (Carroll's  Historical  Collections  of  S.  C,  Vol.  I., 
p.  207.)  says  that  in  1716,  as  a  precaution  against  the 
incursions  of  the  Yemassee  Indians,  a  small  fort  was 
erected  on  the  Congaree  in  Berkeley  County;  and  the 
Journal  of  Council  of  January  20,  1720,  says:  "Since 
the  Indian  war  have  been  obliged  to  maintain  the  fol- 
lowing Garrisons — viz:  at  the  Congarees  130  miles  N 
from  Charles  Town  a  captain  and  20  men"  &c.,  &c. 
This  fort  was  a  little  below  the  present  site  of  Colum- 
bia, but  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  as  is  shown 
by  a  map  in  the  first  volume  of  Carroll's  Historical 
Collections  of  South  ('arolina. 

In  the  tenth  chapter  of  Logan's  History  of  Upper 
South  Carolina  the  following  account  is  ^iven  of  the 
establishment  of  this  fort:  ''No  direct  mention  is 
made  in  the  State  records  of  a  tiaffic  with  the  Chero- 
kees,  previous  to  the  assumption  of  the  management 
of  the  peltry  trade  by  the  public  authorities  of  the 
province  in  1716.  In  that  year  it  is  stated  thfit  goods 
ha<l  lieen  sent  up  l)y  order  of  the  Assembly  for  their 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  19 

use.  This  was  done  in  compliance  with  a  sort  of 
commercial  treaty,  formed  at  this  period,  with  the 
Cherokees  through  the  diplomacy,  on  the  one  side,  of 
Col.  James  Mooi-e,  and  of  Charite  Hayge,  a  distin- 
guished conjurer  and  friend  of  the  English,  on  the 
other.  It  was  stipulated  that  there  should  be  a  regu- 
lar exchange  of  goods  and  peltries  between  Charleston 
and  the  Nation.         ****** 

"It  was  also  agreed  that  a  trading  house  and  fort 
should  be  built  the  approaching  fall,  at  a  place  known 
as  the  Congarees,  the  Conjurer  promising  to  repair 
thither,  at  that  time,  with  eighty  warriors — one  half 
of  w^iom  were  to  assist  in  cutting  logs  for  the  fort, 
and  the  other  to  carry  the  goods,  expected  to  be 
brought  up  by  the  English  that  far,  the  remainder  of 
the  distance  to  the  Cherokee  towns. 

"Though  Fort  Moore,  and  the  one  beyond  the  Sa- 
vannah, were  built  in  1716,  that  at  the  Congarees,  con- 
trary to  the  agreement  with  Charite  Hayge,  was  not 
erected  till  two  years  later.  The  reason  assigned  by 
the  Board  for  deferring  the  work  was.  that  the  trading- 
house  and  garrison  at  Savannah  Town  were  sufficient 
for  the  trade  until  the  Cheiokees  had  concluded  the 
war  they  were  at  that  time  waging  with  a  branch 
of  the  Muscogees. 

"Hewit  remarks  of  this  fort  that  with  the  others  it 
was  erected  for  the  special  purpose  of  defence  and 
against  the  same  dangeis.  If  the  records  must  be 
credited,  however,  it  would  ajjpear  that  the  Cherokees 
themselve.s  requested  that  it  should  be  l)uilt  in  view 
of  theii'  inci'easing  traffic  with  the  English:  and  it  was 
in  compliance  with  that  request,  and  the  enlarged  de- 
mands of  the  trade,  that  in  the  summer  of  ITlS  a  body 
of  men  was  sent  up  fmm  Charleston  to  be  employed 
in  its  construction. 


20  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"In  August  of  that  3^ear,  Capt.  Charles  Russell.* 
who,  at  the  recommendation  of  the  Board,  had  been 
appointed  by  the  governor  the  Hrst  commandant  of 
the  fort,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  the  country,  and 
there  enlist  the  men  who  were  to  constitute  its  garri- 
son as  soon  as  it  should  be  completed.  Among  those 
who  were  thus  enlisted  for  this  service,  were  Ralph 
Dayton,  John  Evans,  and  Edward  Darlsley,  the  lirst 
soldiers  who  ever  did  duty  in  the  old  fort  at  the  Con- 
gai'ees. 

"We  have  before  us  an  extract  from  the  instructions 
given  by  the  Board  to  one  Dauge,  an  assistant  agent 
among  'the  Cherokees,  in  relation  to  the  public  work 
at  Congarees: 

■  "'You  are  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, and,  on  your  arrival,  inform  the  Conjurer  and 
other  head-men  that,  in  a  month  or  six  weeks,  we 
shall  have  a  settlement  at  the  Congarees,  to  which 
place  they  may  resort,  and  procure  whatever  goods 
they  may  need;  that  we  would  have  built  the  fort 
eaHier  than  this,  if  some  of  our  people  had  not  run 
away  with  the  boat  w^hich  had  been  prepared  to  carry 
up  the  men  and  implements  necessat-y  for  its  construc- 
tion. Inform  the  Conjurer  also,  that  we  expect  him 
to  hasten  down  in  order  to  meet  at  the  Congarees 
with  a  supply  of  provisions,  the  train  of  pack  horses. 
which  is  now  on  its  way  with  the  men  and  tools  to  be 
employed  on  the  fort,  and  with  a  quantity  of  ammu- 
nition for  the  Cherokee's.' 

"In  the  fall  of  the  previous  year,  1717,  the  Board 
had  said  to  a  trader  just  setting  off  for  the  Nation: 
"Acquainst  Charite  Hay^e  that  our  new  (Jovernor 
Johnson  has  arrived,  and  we  will  speedily  fix  a  garri- 


"••A  luitivt'  of  Massnchiisctts,  Wiit   lioni  (if  Kiij:lisii  pjiiciits  w  1»<>  li.-id 
si'ttlcd  ill  that  proviiu-c. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY,  21 

son  and  factory  at  the  Congarees,  whence  the  Chero- 
kees  may  be  supplied  with  afms  and  ammunition.' 

'"Samuel  Kinsman  was  the  head  carpenter,  who  ex- 
ecuted the  work,  and  was  paid  nine  pounds  per  month 
for  his  services.  As  this  fortress  was  designed  simply 
as  a  safeguard  for  the  g.oods  and  other  property  be- 
longing to  the  trade,  accumulated  here,  it  was  of  no 
more  formidable  construction  than  a  common  stock- 
ade inclosure. 

"The  name  was  derived  from  the  Congaree  Indians, 
in  whose  settlement  it  had  been  built.  It  stood  on  or 
near  the  site  occupied,  in  after-years,  by  old  Fort, St. 
John's,  a  short  distance  above  the  mouth  of  Congaree 
Creek,  near  the  present  City  of  Columbia.  Here  was 
once  the  great  centre  of  trade  for  the  Catawbas,  and 
Middle  and  Lower  Cherokees.  The  Over-hills  traded 
chiefly  at  Sa,vannah  Town. 

"At  this  period.  Savannah  Town  and  the  Conga^rees 
often  presented  scenes  more  boisterous  and  busy  than 
many  a  commercial  town  of  the  prpsent.  with  far 
more  pretention  in  situation  and  trade.  On  their  out- 
skirts are;  encamped  numerous  caravans  of  pack-trains, 
with  their  roistering  drivers,  who  are  mostly  mischiev- 
ous boys.  The  smoke  from  a  hundred  camp-fires  curl 
above  the  thick  tops  of  the  trees,  and  the  woods  re- 
sound with  the  neighing  of  horses,  and  the  barking 
and  howling  of  hungry  Indian  dogs.  A  large  supply 
of  g<n)i]f  has  arrived  from  Charleston,  and, every  pack-i 
saddle  came  down  from  the  Nation  loaded  with  skins 
and  furs,  and  tliese  being  now  displayed  to  the  best 
advantage,  the  woi'k  of  barter  begins.  |  , 

"in  the  open  ;tir  and  in  the  trading-house  are  con- 
gregated a  motley  assembly  of  pack-horsemen,  trad- 
ers, hunters,  squaws,  children,  soldiers,  and  stately  In- 
dian warriors — some  silent  and  grave,  seemingly  unin- 


22  THE  HISTORY  OF 

terested  in  the  scene;  but  the  greater  number  loudly 
huxtering,  and  obstinately  contending  over  their  res- 
pective commodities  in  trade,  in  many  barbarous 
tongues, 

"The  hunters  from  distant  wilds  want  a  supply  of 
powder  and  ball,  each  squaw  fancies  some  bright-col- 
ored fabric  for  a  new  petticoat  or  dress,  while  the 
warriors  and  old  men  eagerly  demand  guns,  ammuni- 
tion and  blankets. 

"The  clamor  begins,  however,  presently  to  subside, 
and  at  length  the  last  bargain  has  been  struck,  and 
the  goods  and  peltries  have  alike  changed  hands.  The 
packs  are  once  more  made  up;  the  goods  for  the  In- 
dian towns,  and  the  skins  for  the  market  on  the  sea- 
board, and  everything  is  again  ready  for  the  trail. 
The  boys  crack  their  whips,  and  with  shouts  and  hal- 
loos  that  make  the  forests  ring,  the  trains  enter  the 
narrow  paths,  and  are  soon  far  on  their  way,  leaving 
the  garrisons  and  agents  of  the  posts  to  the  dull  mo- 
notony of  the  wilderness  till  their  next  visit." 

About  1719  Richard  Heatly,  ''of  Berkley  County 
planter,"  and  his  wife  Mary,*  moved  from  Cooper 
river  to  Santee,  (within  the  present  County  of  Orange- 
burg) and  their  son  William  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  white  child  born  in  this  section.  Richard  Heatly 
died  a  few  years  later,  and  his  widow  married  Captain 
Charles  Russell,  J.  P.,  commandant  of  the  Congaree 
garrison.  Captain  Russell's  family,  together  with  the 
families  of  other  meml)ers  of  the  garrison,  became 
permanent  settlers  in  this  section.  Captain  Russell 
died  in  1737.  He  is  mentioned  in  the  Statutes  of 
South  Carolina  for  1784  (Vol.  ill.,  p.  391)  as  captain 
of  rangeis.  from  which  we  infer  that  the  fort  had  been 


*Th»'.v  wciv  iii:inu'<l   in  the  luuisli  <»f  St.  Tlioiiuis  ami  St.  Ik-nis  in 
1714. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  23 

abolished  and  rangers  substituted  in  its  stead.  We 
find,  as  an  item  of  the  expenditures  of  the  Province  in 
1736-7:  'Mar}'  Russell,  widow,  in  full  for  her  hus- 
band's services  as  agent,  &c.  124  00  00";  from  which 
we  take  it  that  from  an  Indian  fighter  Captain  Rus- 
sell became  an  Indian  agent,  and  the  following  item 
on  the  same  account  probably  refers  also  to  him:  "To 
so  much  allowed  for  the  pa3'ment  of  two  men  who 
went  up  with  Major  Russell,  to  be  lodged  in  the  hands 
of  the  Treasurer,  to  be  paid  on  proper  application,  at 
the  rate  of  £20  per  month  each.*'  On  April  13,  1739,  a 
grant  of  land  was  made  to  Mrs.  Mary  Russell,  "wife  of 
Charles  Ru>;sell.'"  in  trust  for  her  children.  The  land 
was  situated  at  or  near  McCord's  Ferry,  between  the 
Congaree  and  Wateree  rivers,  in  Craven  County,  "over 
the  Congaree"  from  Amelia  Township.  It  was  sur- 
veyed Deer.  10.  1741,  by  George  Haig,  Deputy  Survey- 
or-General. Mrs.  Russell  died  Jan.  5,  1754,  and  was 
buried  at  her  plantation,  and  the  Rev.  John  Giessen- 
danner  in  recording  her  burial  states  that  she  had 
lived  in  the  township  (Amelia)  twenty-six  years. 

About  1730  Moses  Thomson,  with  his  family  and  his 
connections,  the  Maxwells  and  Powells,  moved  into 
Amelia  Township  from  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Joseph 
Johnson,  in  his  "Traditions  of  the  Revolution",  says 
that  the  Thomsons  were  Irish  people  from  Pennsyl- 
vania. A  member  of  this  family,  William  Thomson, 
married  Eugenia,  daughter  of  Capt.  Charles  Russell, 
and  John  McCord,  a  member  of  another  of  the  families 
early  settled  in  this  section,  married  her  sister,  Sophi- 
anisba  Russell.  From  these  three  early  Orangeburgli 
families.  Russells.  Thomsons  and  McCoi'ds.  descended 
many  people  who  have  l)ecome  [ii-ominent  in  the  his- 
tory of  South  Carolina.  Among  their  descendants  we 
find  the  names  Thomson,  McCord.  Heatly,  Hart,  Ta- 
ber.  Rhett,  Haskell,  Cheves.  Darby.  Sinkler,  Goodwyn. 


24  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Hayne,  Michel,  Stuart,  and  many  uthei's  equally  well 
known. 

A  leading  spirit  in  this  section  ahout  1787  was  Major 
Christian  Motte.  He  is  mentioned  in  old  records  of 
that  day  as  being  present  at  njarriage  ceremonies  at 
Orangeburgli,  and  the  Statutes  show  that  he  was,  in 
1738,  an  Inquirer  and  Collector  of  taxes  for  the  parish 
of  St.  John's,  Berkeley.  He  probably  collected  the 
taxes  for  the  townships  of  Amelia  and  Orangeburgh, 
as  those  townships  were  nearest  to  St.  John's.  It  is 
not  likely  that  he  remained  in  this  section,  as  no  re- 
cords have  been  found  to  show  that  he  became  a  per- 
manent settler  in  this  section,  and  an  extract  from  the 
Sonih  Carolina  Gazette  of  January  25 — 29,  1741,  seems 
to  indicate  that  he  then  lived  in  Charlestown.  The 
extract  referred  to  is  an  advertisement  of  a  wonderful 
medicine  that  was  "guaranteed  to  cure  or  no  money 
taken",  and  reads  as  follows:  "To  be  had  of  John 
Lax  Indian  Doctor  at  Col:  Saunders  plantation  at 
Cypress  swamp  or  of  Major  Christian  Mote  in  Charles 
Town  a  Decoction"  &c.,  &c.  This  name  must  not  be 
confounded  with  Ft.  Motte,  for  that  place  obtained  its 
name  from  Col.  Isaac  Motte  and  his  heroic  wife,  Re- 
becca, who  were  well  known  in  Charlestown  subse- 
quent to  this,  and  who  owMied  a  plantation  in  St.  Mat- 
thew's Parish,  the  house  of  which  was  seized  and  gar- 
risoned as  a  fort  by  the  British  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  hence  the  name  Fort  Motte. 

Probably  the  first  settler  in  the  vicinity  of  wdiere 
the  present  town  of  Orangeburg  is  located  was  John 
Hearn,  (pronounced  Harn)  who  lived  just  below  where 
Orangeburg  nov^^  stands  as  early  as  1782.  His  planta- 
tion contained  iive  hundred  acres  of  land  and  em- 
braced lands  now  or  lately  belonging  to  Messrs  Jolin 
H.  Dukes,  A.  L.  Dukes,  (i.  W.  Brunson.  and  Mrs.  Alary 
Huiihes.    The  followino-  certificate  of  admeasurement. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  25 

which  accompanies  the  plat  to  the  above  lands,  is  re- 
corded in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  at  Co- 
lunihia. 
'"South  Carolina. 

"By  virtue  of  a  warrant  from  his  Excei- 
lency,  Robert  Johnson,  Esqr.  Governor.  &c.,  Bearing 
date  the  2Sth,  day  of  November  1732.  and  a  precept 
thereon  to  me  directed  by  James  St.  John  Esqr.  his 
Majesties  Surveyor  General  of  the  said  province  of 
South  Carolina  bearin.tr  date  the  18th,  day  of  Decem- 
ber 1732.  I  have  admeasured  and  sett  out  unto  John 
Hearne  of  Colleton  County  Planter  a  Plantation  or 
Tract  of  Land  Containing  five  Hundred  acres  where 
he  now  lives  Sit?uate  in  Colleton  lying  and  being  part 
of  the  land  reserved  for  the  Inhabitants  within  the 
Township  of  Edisto  Butting  and  Bounding  to  the 
South  Westward  on  pon  pon  river  to  the  Northwest 
on  twenty  thousand  acres  of  land  laid  out  for  the  said 
Township  to  the  Northeastward  and  Southeastward 
on  land  reserved  for  the  Inhabitants  of  the  said  Town- 
ship and  hath  such  form  and  uiarks  as  are  represented 
in  the  above  delineated  plat  certified  the  twentieth 
Day  of  September  anno  domini  1733  Per  me. 

"George  Haig  Depty.  Surveyor." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  grant  which  was 
made  to  Mr.  Hearn,  of  the  lands  so  laid  out: 
"South  Carolina. 

"GEORGE  THE  SECOND  by  the  grace 
of  God  of  Great  Brittain,  France  and  Ireland  King  De- 
fender of  the  Faith  &c. 

"TO  ALL  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come  Greet- 
ing, Know  Ye  that  we  of  our  special  grace  certain 
knowledge  and  meer  motion  Have  given  and  granted 
and  by  the  presents  for  Us  Oui'  Heirs  and  Successors 
Do  give  and  grant  unto  Mr.  John  Hearn  his  Heirs  and 
assigns  all  that  parcel  or  tract  of  land  containing  five 


26  THE  HISTORY  OF 

hundred  acres  situate  l3'ing  and  being  in  Colleton 
County  in  the  province  aforesaid  butting  and  bound- 
ing to  the  South  Westward  on  pon  pon  Kiver  to  the 
North  westward  on  twenty  thousand  acres  of  land 
laid  out  for  the  said  Township  to  the  North  eastward 
and  South  eastward  on  land  reserved  for  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  said  Township  and  hath  such  shape  form 
and  marks  as  appears  by  a  plat  thereof  hereunto  an- 
nexed together  with  all  woods  underwoods  timber 
and  timber  Trees  lakes  ponds  fishings  watei's  w^ater 
courses  profits  commodities  appurtenances  and  heredi- 
taments whatsoever  thereunto  belonging  or  in  any 
wise  appertaining  together  with  privileges  of  hunting 
hawking  and  fowling  in  and  upon  the  same  and  all 
mines  and  minerals  whatsoever  saving  and  reserving 
nevertheless  to  us  our  heirs  and  successors  all  w  hite 
pine  trees  if  any  there  should  be  found  growing  there- 
on and  also  saving  and  reserving  to  us  our  heirs  and 
Successors  one  tenth  part  of  mines  of  silver  and  gold 
onely  TO  HAVE  AND  TO  HOLD  the  said  tract  of 
five  hundred  acres  of  land  and  all  and  singular  other 
the  premises  hereby  granted  with  the  appurtenances 
unto  the  said  John  Hearn  his  heirs  and  assigns  for 
ever  an  free  and  Common  Soccage  he  the  said  John 
Hearn  his  heirs  and  assigns  Yielding  And  Paying 
therefore  unto  us  Our  heirs  and  Successors  or  to  our 
Receiver  General  for  the  time  being  or  to  his  Deputy 
or  Deputies  for  the  time  being  Yearly  that  is  to  sa}^  on 
every  twenty  fifth  daj'  of  March  at  the  rate  of  three 
Shillings  sterling  or  four  shillings  Proclamation  money 
for  every  hundred  acres  and  so  in  proportion  accord- 
ing to  the  quantity  of  acres  contained  herein  the  same 
to  grow  due  and  be  accounted  for  frou)  the  date  here- 
of Provided  Always  and  this  present  diiant  is  upon 
condition  Nevertheless  that  he  the  said  John  Hearn 
his  heirs  and  assions  shall  and  do  within  three  vears 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  27 

next  after  the  date  of  these  presents  clear  and  culti- 
vate at  the  rate  of  one  acre  for  every  five  hundred 
acres  of  land  and  so  in  proportion  according  to  the 
quantity  of  acres  herein  contained  or  build  a  dwelling 
House  thereon,  and  keep  a  Stock  of  five  head  of  cattle 
for  every  five  hundred  acres  upon  the  same  and  in 
proportion  for  a  greater  or  lesser  quantity. 

AND  UPON  CONDITION  that  if  the  said  rent  here- 
by reserved  shall  happen  to  be  in  arrear  and  unpaid 
for  the  space  of  three  years  from  the  time  it  became 
due  and  no  distress  can  be  found  on  the  said  lands 
tenements  and  hereditaments  hereby  granted  that 
then  and  in  such  case  the  said  lands  tenements  and 
hereditaments  hereby  granted  and  every  part  and  par- 
cel thereof  shall  revert  to  us  Our  heirs  and  Successors 
as  fully  and  absolutely  as  if  the  same  had  never  been 
granted. 

"Given  under  the  Great  Seal  of  Our  Said  Province 
Witness  Thomas  Broughton  Esqi'.  Our  Lieutenant 
Governor  of  our  said  Province  of  South  Carolina  the 
twelfth  day  of  May  in  the  Eighth  year  of  Our  Reign 
and  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord  One  Thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  thirty-five. 

"Thomas  (Seal)  Broughton," 
"And  hath  thereunto  annexed    ]    Signed  by  the  Hon- 
a  plat  Representing  the  I  ble.  Thomas  Brough- 

same  tract  of  land  certified         [  ton  Esqr.  Lieut.  Govr. 
by  James   St.    John    Surveyr.  fin  Council. 
Genl      the     20th.     September  |         J.  Badenhop, 
1733.  j  C,  C." 

The  foregoing  deed  was  recorded  May  28th,  1735. 
In  the  t^oath  Carolina  Gazette  of  June  25,  1753  this 
place  is  advertised  for  sale  as  follows: 

•'John  Hearne's  place  is  offered  for  sale.  500  acres 
lying  &.  I>eing  in  Colleton  county:  butting  iV:  bounding 
to  S.  W.  on  Ponpon  River.  N.  W.  on  Edisto  Township 


28  THE  HISTORY  OF 

to  N.  E.  &  S,  E.  on  lands  reserved  for  the  Inhabitants 
of  said  Township. 

"100  acres  in  the  limits  of  Orangehnrgh  Township, 
b.  &  b.  to  N.  E.  on  lands  laid  out  to  John  Strutzenerk- 
er,  to  N.  W.  on  land  belonging  to  John  Hearne  S.  W. 
on  Ponpon  S.  E.  on  land  laid  out  to  Henry  Wuester, 
one  town-lot  N.  253." 

Another  of  the  early  settlers  of  Oratigeburgh  Town- 
ship was  Henry  Salley,  who  settled  in  the  township 
about  1735,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  eertiticate 
of  measurement  for  a  grant  of  land,  and  a  subsequent 
conveyance  of  the  same: 
"So.  Carolina. 

"Pursuant  to  a  precept  under  the  hand  & 
seal  of  James  St.  John  Esq  His  Majesty's  Sur.  Genl 
I  have  admeasured  &  laid  out  unto  Henry  Zaley  a 
tract  of  Land  in  Orangeburgh  Township  in  Berkeley 
County  containing  Two  hundred  acres  Butting  &: 
Bounding  to  the  S.  W.  on  Pon  Pon  River  to  the  N.  E. 
on  land  not  laid  out;  to  the  S.  E.  on  land  laid  out  un- 
to Jacob  Twyther  &  to  the  N.  W.  on  land  laid  out  to 
Barbara  Hatcher  &  also  one  Town  Lot  in  Orangeburgh, 
containing  one  half  of  an  acre;  Known  on  the  grand 
plat  of  the  si  Town  by  the  number  one  hundred  &  6S: 
Butting  &  Bounding  to  the  S.  W.  on  165  laid  out  to 
Hans  Deitricks  Jun£  to  the  N.  E.  on  a  Street;  to  the 
S.  E.  on  N  lfi9  Laid  out  to  Jacol)  Miller;  to  the  N.  W. 
on  N  lf)7.  Tiand  laid  out  to  Henry  Pickenfiaker,  A:  each 
hath  such  shape  ^  marks  as  are  lepresented  t)y  the 
above  plat.  Certified  the  20  Sepl  1735. 

"Geo.  Haig  1).  S." 

It  will  be  observed  that  in  tlie  foregoing  certificate 
the  name  is  given  "Zaley,"  but  tliat  must  have  been 
the  way  |Mr  Salley's  German  neighbors  called  it.  for 
the  name  has  always  been  vSalley.  and  the  following 
extra<*t  frou)  a  later  dee«l   of  the  same  tract  of  land. 


ALEXANDER  S.  SAI.LEY,  M.  1), 
Born  April  2(;tli.  ]  SI  8— Died  Ai)ril  l^t.  1893. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  29 

from  John  Salley.  Jr.,  to  John  Salley,  Sen.,  clearly 
shows  Mr.  Haig  to  have  heen  in  error  in  beginning  the 
name  with  the  letter  Z:  'Mil  that  plantation  or 
Tract  of  Land — Original  Bodnty — containing  two 
Hundred  acres  Situate  in  (the  former)  Berkl}^  County, 
&  in  Orangeburgh  Township."  *****  "The 
said  Tract  of  Two  Hundred  acres  of  Land  and  Town 
Lott  aforesaid,  was  Originally  Granted  to  Henry  Zaley 
(more  properly  Salley)  on  the  Seventeenth  day  of  Sep- 
tember One  thousand  Seven  Hundred  and  thirty  Six" 
*  *  *  *  "Which  said  Tract  of  Land  &  Town  Lott 
aforesaid  Devolved  in  a  Lineal  Decent  to  the  aforesaid 
John  Salley,  Jun^  as  being  Heir  at  Law  to  the  said 
Tract  of  Land  &  Town  Lott."  This  last  deed  was 
made  August  26,  1790.  As  early  as  1741  the  naiiie  oc- 
curs on  Giessendanner's  record  book  spelt  "Sahly", 
and  a  few  yeafs  later  the  same  authority  records  it 
"Sally";  but  the  name  has  obtained  in  Yorkshire,  En- 
gland, and  vicinity,  for  centuries;  and  the  bearers  of 
the  name  have  always  spelt  it  as  the  bearers  of  it  in 
Orangeburg  spell  it  to-day — "Salley."  The  name  Sal- 
ley signifies  "the  field  of  sallows,  and  was  so  named 
undoubtedly",  says  Whitaker,  in  his  Histoi-y  of  the 
Deanery  of  Craven,  "from  real  salix  and  leza  ager". 
(Species  of  willow.)  There  is  a  village  of  the  same 
name  in  the  parish  of  Gisburne  (in  th6  Deanery  of 
Graven)  in  Yorkshire. 

For  sonie  years  previous  to  1735  John  Peter  Purry^ 
a  Swiss  gentleman,  had  been  trying  to  establish  Swiss 
colonies  in  South  Carolina,  and  had  actually  establish- 
ed one  on  the' Savannah  river  at  a  place  called  Purrys- 
burg.  He  gave  such  a  glowing  account  of  the  coun- 
try in  a  pamphlet,  (See  Carroll's  Historical  Collections 
of  South  Carolin.i,  Vol.  11.)  which  he  freely  distributed 
throughout  Switzerland.  Holland,  North  Germany 
and  the  Provinces  of  the  Rhine,  that  a  great  many  set- 


30  THE  HISTORY  OF 

tiers  were  induced  to  come  to  Carolina.  The  first 
ship  load  for  Orangeburgh  Township  arrived  in  Char- 
lestown  in  July  17B5,  and  immediately  set  out  for  the 
township  on  the  Edisto,  which  was  thereafter  named 
Orangeburgh.  The  next  year  another  installment  of 
settlers  arrived,  and  in  1737  a  third  arrived,  bringing 
with  them  a  Lutheran  minister,  the  Rev.  John  Ulrick 
Giessendanner.  Others  arrived  later.  Dr.  David  Ram- 
say in  his  "History  of  South  Carolina",  page  11,  says 
that  the  vessels  which  brought  them  over  usually  re- 
turned with  loads  of  rice,  and  made  pi'ofitable  voy- 
ages. Rev.  J.  TT.  Giessendanner  and  his  nephew  and 
successor.  Rev.  John  Giessendanner,  kept  a  record  of 
the  marriage,  baptismal  and  burial  ceremonies  per- 
formed by  them,  and  from  the  burial  record  we  are 
able  to  learn  where  many  of  these  settlers  came  from 
in  the  old  country.  From  Switzerland  came  Peter 
Hugg  (Canton  Bern,  1735);  Anna,  wife  of  Peter  Roth: 
Rev.  John  U.  Giessendanner  and  his  wife;  John  Gies- 
sendanner, Jr.;  Jacob  Giessendanner;  Hans  Henry 
Felder  (1735);  Jacob  Kuhnen  and  wife  (1736);  Ann, 
wife  of  Jacob  Bossart;  Melchior  Ott  (1735);  Anna 
Negely,  widow;  Magdalena,  wife  of  Hans  Imdorff: 
Martin  Kooner;  Peter  Moorer;  Zibilla  Wolf  (Grisons); 
John  Friday  (1735);  John  Dietrick  (1735);  Barbara 
Fund;  Henry  Wurtzer  (1735);  Henry  Horger;  Jacob 
Stauber  (Canton  Zurich,  1750);  Henry  Haym  and 
John  Myers.  From  Germany  came  John  George  Barr: 
David  Runtgenauer;  Lewis  Linder  and  Elias  Snell 
(1735).  From  Holland  came  William  Young.  These 
are  all  whose  places  of  nativity  aie  given,  l)ut  it  is 
reasonable  to  presume  that  the  many  other  settlers 
bearing  the  same  family  names  as  the  above,  caux' 
from  the  same  places. 

Besides  the  above  there  are  njany  more  naujes  on 
the  (liessendanner  record  that  are  unmistakablv  (ler- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  31 

man;  among  them  the  names:  Stroman,  Stouden- 
mire.  Shaumloffel.  (leiger.  Hoi  man,  Hessy,  Kuhn, 
Yutsey  (lltsey),  Yssenliut  (Whisenhunt),  Kreyter  (Cri- 
der),  Huber,  Shuler,  liumph,  Zimmerman,  Rickenbac- 
ker,  Kobler  (Culler),  Hungerbiiller  (Hungerpiller), 
Wannamaker,  A  maker,  Keller,  Inabinet,  Zeigler,  Ley- 
saht,  Golson,  Joyner,  Ferstner,  Tilly,  Hartzog,  Whet- 
stone. Balziger.  Brunzon,  Stehely  (Staley),  Starekey 
(Sturkie),  and  Tbeus — names  nearly  all  of  which  ob- 
tain in  this  section  to-day. 

There  are  many  names  to  be  found  on  the  Giessen- 
danner  record  that  are  evidently  not  German  names. 
These  settlers  came  in  about  the  time  of  the  German 
settlements  or  a  little  later.  In  some  instances  the 
Giessendanner  record  tells  where  the  settler  came 
from.  This  was  the  case  with  Gideon  Jennings,  who 
came  in  to  Orangeburgh  Township,  with  his  wife  and 
two  sons,  Philip  and  John,  in  1736.  In  recording  his 
death  the  Rev.  Mr.  Giessendanner  states  that  he  was 
an  "Italian  protestant,"  and  in  recording  the  death  of 
his  wife,  Ursula,  a  few  years  later,  he  speaks  of  her  as 
the  "widow  of  Gideon  Zanini  alias  Jennings".  Wheth- 
er Jennings  is  the  English  for  Zanini,  or  whether 
Gideon  Jennings  was  an  Englishman  who  went  to 
Italy,  (seeing  that  he  was  a  protestant)  and  there  as- 
sumed the  name  Zanini  and  changed  back  to  the  En- 
glish name  Jennings  upon  resuming  habitation  among 
English  people,  or  whether  he  changed  his  name  to 
Jennings  because  he  fancied  that  name,  or  for  other 
cause,  is  only  a  matter  of  conjecture,  but,  at  any  rate, 
the  Jennings  family  has  long  been  a  large  and  influ- 
ential one  in  this  section  and  members  of  it  have  in- 
termarried with  many  of  the  oldest  families  in  the 
County. 

William  Harrie.  another  of  the  early  settlers,  is  re- 
corded bv  Giessendanner  as  haviuii  been  a  native  of 


6 6  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Scotland,  and  Seth  Hatcher  as  a  native  of  Virginia, 
The  Larry,  or  Larey.  family  frequently  mentioned  by 
Giessendanner  was  an  Irish  family.*  Other  names  not 
German  to  be  found  on  the  record  are:  Martin,  Gard- 
ner, Bunch,  Powell.  Oliver,  Brown,  Curtis,  Robinson. 
Robison,  Barber,  Bright,  Weekly,  Gibson,  Barker,  8ul- 
livant,  Haig.  Holmes.  McGraw,  McFashion,  Reece, 
Cheavy.  Potts,  Good,  Fitzpatrick,  Carter,  Tate,  Jones. 
Tap,  Hickie.  Smith,  Gossling,  JVlurphy,  Clements, 
Whiteford.  Hill,  Mercier.  Partridge,  and  Wright. 
Some  of  them  have  a  decidedly  Hibernian  smack, 
others  sound  English,  others  Scotch,  and  one  or  two 
sound  somewhat  Frenchy.  It  is  likely  that  some  of 
these  settlers  came  from  the  colonies  to  the  north- 
ward, while  others  of  them  doubtless  came  from  the 
lower  parishes  of  South  Carolina. 

Another  prominent  man  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Orangeburgh  was  John  Chevillette,  who  had  formerly 
been  an  otficer  under  Frederick  the  Great—probably 
before  Frederick  became  King  of  Prussia.  That  he 
had  been  a  friend  of  that  king  is  shown  by  the  let- 
ters that  that  monarch  wrote  to  him  (which  letters 
were  long  in  possession  of  the  late  Mrs.  William  Gil- 
more  Simms)  telling  him  how  to  cultivate  the  vine  to 
?Tiake  vvine  in  Carolina.  Col.  Chevillette  married  in 
Orangeburgh  Township,  in  1745.  Mrs.  Susannah  Hep- 
perditzel,  a  widow,  by  whom  he  had  one  son.  John 
Chevillete.  who  married  the  widow  of  Honald  Govan. 
and  was  the  step-father  of  Eliza  (iovan.l  who  nunTied 
Nash  Roach,  and  not  the  father,  as  Trent  puts  it  on 
page  IK)  of  his  Life  of  Simms. 

The  defeat  of  the  revolutionaiy  efforts  in  England 
and  Scotland  in  behalf  of  Charles  Fdwaid.the  "Youny- 


•It  WMs  n  (lesccndaiit  of  this  fmiiily  that  fst:il)lislu'<l  the  Hist  ikws- 
l)!i|KT  in  tlic  District. 
tTlu'  iiiothvr  of  Mrs.  Win.  (Jiiiiiorc  Siniiiis. 


ORANGEBURG  COMNTY.  66 

Pretender",  in  1745,  caused  many  of  the  defeated  re- 
volters  to  flee  to  America;  and  among  these  was  An- 
drew Go  van,  who  settled  in  Orangeburgh  Township, 
where  he  and  his  descendants  became  prominent. 
The  late  Wm.  Gilmore  Simms  used  to  relate  a  very 
pretty  little  tradition  to  the  effect  that  the  rebel  Go- 
van  was  condemned  and  about  to  be  executed,  when 
his  friends  wrecked  the  scaffold  upon  which  he  was 
about  to  be  executed.  In  the  fall  of  the  scaffold  Go- 
van  had  a  leg  broken,  but  in  the  confusion  he  escaped 
and  hid  in  a  London  sewer  for  a  day  or  two,  when  he 
made  his  escape  and  embarked  for  America.  John 
Govan  was  a  kinsman  who  also  came  to  Orangeburgh 
about  the  same  time,  but  he  afterwards  moved  to 
Granville  County.  Christopher,  Henry  and  Samuel 
Kowe.  and  Gavin  Pou  were  also  Scotchmen  who  set- 
tled in  Orangebui'gh  Township  about  1740. 

After  the  English  conquest  of  Acadia  (Nova  Scotia) 
in  1755,  it  will  be  remembered  that  the  French  Aca- 
dians  then  captured  w^ere  cruelly  carried  oft'  and  dis- 
tributed among  the  British  Colonies  to  the  South. 
vSouth  Carolina  got  a  portion  of  these  Acadians,  and 
some  of  these  were  settled  in  Orangeburgh,  Amelia 
and  Saxe-Gotha  Townships,  as  we  find  in  Volume  IV., 
p.  72,  of  the  Statutes  of  South  Carolina,  the  following- 
items  of  account  showing  that  certain  persons  living 
in  those  townships  had  been  paid  for  maintaining 
them : 
"Stephen  Crell,    of   Saxe-CJotha  township,  £54.00.00. 

Henry  Gallman,  "  "  53.00.00. 

Henry  Hertel,  "  '"  24.00.00. 

Henry  Serstrunk,  "  "  12.00,00. 

Henry  Heartley,  of  Amelia  "  26.00.00. 

William  Heatly,  "  "  171.10.00. 

Christopher  Kowe.  of  Orangeburgh.  (to  be 

paid  when  duly  certified.)  64.00.0(1."" 


84  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  name  Dukes  occurs  frequentl,y  in  the  Giessen- 
danner  record.  (Sometimes  it  is  written  Duk^s  and 
sometimes  Duke.)  In  Hotton's  "List  of  Persons  who 
went  from  Great  Britain  to  the  American  Planta- 
tions," on  p.  362,  William  Dukes  is  mentioned  as  hav- 
ing embarked  from  Barbadoes  on  the  Barque  Adven- 
ture for  Carolina  on  April  7th,  1679.  The  Dukeses  on 
the  Giessendanner  record  are  doubtless  descendants 
of  his,  and  the  large  and  influential  Dukes  family  now 
in  Orangeburg  County  are  undoubtedly  the  descend- 
ants of  the  persons  mentioned  by  Giessendanner. 

The  lower  section  of  the  Province,  which  had  been 
previously  settled,  also  furnished  a  share  of  the  set-, 
tiers  for  Amelia  and  Orangeburgh  Townships.  Among 
these  we  find  the  names  Porcher,  Richardson,  Sabb, 
Gaillard,  and  Huger^ — names  which  shed  lustre  on  the 
early  history  of  old  St.  Matthew's  Parish. 

Section  2.     The  German  settlers  of  Orangeburgh  Tonn- 
ship;  their  ehurch  and  their  pador. 

The  following  account  of  the  settling  of  Orange- 
burgh by  the  Germans  and  Swiss  is  given  by  Rev. 
George  Howe,  D.  D.,  in  his  History  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  South  Carolina,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  216  and  217: 
•'A  trader,  Henry  Sterling,  had  located  himself,  and 
obtained  a  grant  of  land  on  Lyon's  Creek,  in  1704. 
But  it  was  not  until  1735  that  this  portion  of  the 
province  had  any  considerable  number  of  whites.  The 
arrival  of  the  settlers  who  found  their  way  thither  is 
thus  mentioned  in  the  South  Carolina  (iazette,  under 
date  of  July  26th: —  'On  Sunday  last  arrived  two 
hundred  Palatines:  most  of  them  being  poor,  they 
were  obliged  to  sell  themselves  and  their  children  for 
their  passage  (which  is  six  pistoles  in  gold  per  head) 
within  a  fortnight  of  the  time  of  their  arrival,  or  else 


.1.  W.  H.  DIKES.  A.  F.  H.  DUKES. 

Mavtn'  of  OraiifielJi'i'S'-  Members.  C.  House  of  Re[)fesentatives. 

18'.)]— 18<.»8.  Orangeburg  Count.y,  1896— 1898. 

J.  H.  DUKES. 
Sheriff  Orangebui-g  County, 
1891!— 1898. 
\V.  HAMPTON  DUKES.  COL.  D.  E.  DUKES, 

Dei)utv  .Sheriff  Orangeburg  County,  Coroner  Orangeburg  County, 

1892-1898.  '  1888—1898. 


OEANGEBURG  COUNTY.  35 

to  pay  one  pistole  more  to  be  carried  to  Philadelphia. 
The  most  of  them  are  farmers,  and  some  tradesmen. 
About  two  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  Switzers  that 
have  paid  all  their  passages  are  now  going  up  the 
Edisto  to  settle  a  township  there.  The  government 
defrays  them  on  their  jurney,  provides  them  pro- 
visions for  one  year,  and  gives  them  fifty  acres  ahead. 
The  quantity  of  corn  bought  for  them  had  made  the 
price  rise  from  fifteen  shillings,  as  it  was  last  week, 
to  twenty  shillings.' 

"These  persons  became  the  first  settlers  in  Orange- 
burg township,  which  had  been  laid  out  in  a  parrelle- 
logram  of  fifteen  miles  by  five  on  the  North  Edisto. 
and  was  called  Orangeburg  in  honor  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange.*  Germans  of  the  [  Lower]  Palatinate  settled 
in  the  township,  but  some  portion  of  the  settlers  were 
from  Switzerland,  from  the  Cantons  of  Berne,  Zurich, 
and  the  Orisons,  and  were  Oalvinists  we  suppose  of 
the  Helvetic  confession,  and  Presbyterian  in  their 
views  of  Church  government.'  Their  minister,  John 
Ulrich  Oiessendanner,  came  with  them,  and  the  regis- 
ter of  marriages,  baptisms,  and  burials,  commenced 
by  him  in  the  German  language,  was  continued  by  his 
nephew  and  successor,  John  Oiessendanner.  dow^n  to 
the  year  1760.  John  Ulrich  Oiessendanner  died  in  the 
year  1738.  His  nephew  John,  by  the  request  of  the 
congregation,  went  to  Charleston  for  the  pui'pose  of 
'obtaining  orders"  from  Rev.  Alexander  Oaixlen.  the 
Bishop  of  London's  commissary,  but  was  persuaded  by 
Major  Christian  Mote,  whom   he  met.  that   he  ought 


^Williiiin  Charles  Hei:ry  Friso,  who  had  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  (Ti'orge  ir.,  in  1784;— afterwards  William  IV.,  "stadtholder,  cap- 
tain, and  admiral-general  of  Zealand",  and  later  "captain  and  admi- 
ral-general of  the  whole  union,  and  stadtholder  of  the  Seven  Provin- 
ces." (Holland,  Zealand,  Friesland,  (iuelderlaii<l,  I'trecht,  Overys- 
sel  and  ({roninyen. ) 


36  THE  HISTORY  OF 

not  to  apply  to  him,  but  to  other  gentlemen  to  whom 
he  would  conduct  him,  who,  if  they  found  him  quali- 
fied, would  give  him  authority  to  preach.  Major 
Mote  made  him  acquainted  with  the  Presbytery  of 
South  Carolina,  who  in  1738  gave  him  authority  to 
preach  the  gospel  among  his  German  neighbors,  'fhis 
he  continued  to  do,  and  thus  kept  up  the  Church  of 
their  fathers  unchanged  for  a  season,  though  he  after- 
wards went  to  London  and  took  Episcopal  ordination. 
— (Journal  of  Upper  House  of  Assembly,  Vol.  X.,  1743 
—1744.)" 

Dr.  Howe  in  Chapter  II.,  pp.  250 — 251  further  says: 
"In  the  same  year  1743,  the  German  and  Swiss  settlers 
of  Orangeburg  were  interfered  with  in  their  religious 
worship  by  an  attempt  made  by  Rev.  Bartholomew 
Zauberbuhler  to  oust  their  pastor,  John  Giessendan- 
ner.  Mr.  Zauberbuhler  was  himself  a  native  of  the 
canton  of  either  St.  Gall  or  Appenzel,  one  of  the  Pro- 
testant cantons  of  Switzerland,  and  was  therefore  in 
his  own  country  an  adherent  of  the  Helvetic  Confes- 
sion, setting  forth  the  doctrines  of  the  Reformation 
as  proclaimed  by  Zwingle,  Bullinger  and  Calvin.  He 
had  been  engaged  in  the  settlement  of  a  colony  of 
Swiss  Protestants  in  the  newly-constituted  township 
of  New  Windsor,  opposite  Augusta.  He  had  resolved 
to  seek  Episcopal  ordination,  and  had  petitioned  coun- 
cil that  he  might  be  sent  to  preach  to  the  Germans  in 
Orangeburg  and  on  the  Santee,  and  that  he  might  re- 
ceive a  competent  salary  till  such  time  as  he  could  be 
consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  after  which  he 
proposed  to  visit  Germany  and  to  bring  over  others  of 
his  countrymen,  'it  being  a  great  encouragement  to 
them  to  know  that  they  may  have  the  gospel  not  only 
on  their  passage,  but  after  their  arrival.'  Council 
grants  him  £'500  out  of  the  township  fund,  provided 
he  could  obtain  Commissary  Garden's  certificate  of  his 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  37 

qualifications  for  ordination.  Armed  now  with  a  sup- 
posed authority  from  (lovernor  Bull  and  Commissary 
Garden,  he  came  into  the  pastoral  charge  of  Giessen- 
danner.  and  sought  to  expel  him  and  occupy  his  place. 
A  petition  signed  by  about  fourscore  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Orangeburg  is  spread  out  on  the  journals  of 
the  governor  and  council,  detailing  the  facts,  and 
praying  for  redress.  Mr.  Zauberbuhler  was  summon- 
ed by  the  governor,  reprimanded  for  his  interference, 
and  curtailed  of  half  the  salary  allowed  him,  unless  he 
should  bring  over  the  foreign  Protestants  as  he  had 
stipulated.  The  petition  is  an  interesting  historic 
document,  apologetic  that  their  pastor  is  not  rectus  in 
ecdesia,  according  to  the  established  religion  of  the 
province.  It  states  that  Mr.  Giessendanner  had  been 
introduced  in  ("harleston  'to  an  Asssembly  of  Presby- 
tery, who,  upon  examination,  furnished  him  with  or- 
ders to  preach';  that  he  hath  done  this  in  Dutch  (Ger- 
man) constantly  for  the  space  of  five  years,  to  the  in- 
expressible satisfaction  of  the  congregation  at  Orange- 
burg; that  'two  years  ago,  the  petitioners  being  full 
sixty  miles  from  any  other  place  of  worship,  some  of 
whom  he  had  not  been  favored  with  a  sermon  for 
seven  years,  observing  said  Mr.  -lohn  Giessendanner  to 
be  a  man  of  learning,  piety,  and  know^ledge  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  prevailed  on  him  to  officiate  in  Eng- 
lish every  fortnight,  w^hich  he  hath  since  performed 
very  articulate  and  intelligible,  to  the  entire  satisfac- 
tion of  the  English  petitioners,  and  alw-ays  behaves 
himself  with  sobriety,  honesty,  and  justice,  encourag- 
ing virtue  and  reproving  vice." — (MS.  Records  of  Gov. 
and  Council,  March  Oth,  1743,  State  Archives,  Colum- 
bia.) This  document  reveals  to  us  the  existence  and 
action  of  the  Presbytery  in  Charleston  in  1738,  and  is 
of  interest  otherw^ise.  Mr.  Giessendanner  continued 
his  ministry  some  time  longer,  until,  to  meet  the  state 


88  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  things  in  this  new  country,  he  went  to  London  in 
1749,  received  Episcopal  ordination,  and  returned  in 
1750  as  a  minister  of  the  P^piscopal  church.  His  labors, 
both  before  and  after  this  period,  seem  to  have  been 
assiduous,  and  his  record  of  baptisms,  marriages,  and 
burials,  yet  preserved,  shows  that  they  extended  over 
a  wide  track  in  the  central  portion  of  South  Carolina. 
It  is  one  among  numerous  other  proofs  of  the  absorb- 
ing nature  of  an  ecclesiastical  system  established  by 
law  over  a  people  the  majority  of  whom  are  dissenters 
from  it.  Most  of  these  settlers  were  probably  Luther- 
ans, but  a  portion  must  have  been  brought  up  under 
the  Helvetic  Confession  and  Heidelberg  Catechism, 
and  in  their  own  land  professed  the  Reformed  or  Cal- 
vinistic  faith.'' 

On  page  494,  Dr.  Howe  further  says:  "We  have  ex- 
pressed our  conviction  on  pp.  2U),  217,  that  a  portion 
of  the  original  settlers  of  Orangeburg,  those  namely 
from  certain  cantons  of  Switzerland  (and  it  may  be 
true  also  of  others),  were  of  the  Calvinistic  or  Reform- 
ed church,  and  Presbyterians.  This  is  confirmed  in 
part  by  the  fact  that  'there  was  a  Presbyterian  meet- 
ing house  erected  on  Cattle's  Creek,  in  177N,  and  was 
called  the  Frederican  church,  after  Andrew  Frederick, 
who  was  its  principal  founder.  Another  of  the  same 
denomination  was  built  at  Turkey  Hill'.  'There  are,' 
say  Drs.  Jamieson  and  Shecut,  writing  1808,  *two  others 
of  the  same  denomination  in  Lewisburgh'.  'The  Pres- 
byterians have  supplies  only  from  the  upper  country 
and  the  North  Carolina  Presbytery.  From  the  want 
of  preachers  of  their  own  denomination,  the  descend- 
ants of  the  old  stock  are  falling  either  with  the  Bap- 
tists or  Methodists,  according  to  the  neighborhood  in 
which  they  live'.^ — (Statistical  ucct.  of  Orangeburg. — 
Ramsay.  Vol.  II.,  Appendix.)"" 

ih\  Howe  is  cleai'ly  in  error  on  one  point:  The  Kev. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  39 

John  Ulrirlx  Giessendanner  did  not  come  over  with 
the  settlers  of  1785  as  Dr.  Howe  makes  it  appear,  but 
came  over  in  1737  as  is  shown  by  his  register,  which 
Dr.  Howe  mentions.  Dr.  Howe  does  not  State  that 
these  ministers.  Rev.  John  U.  Giessendanner  and  his 
nephew,  Rev.  John  Giessendanner.  were  Lutheran 
ministers,  but  it  was,  nevertheless,,  the  case.  Dr. 
Frederick  Dalcho,  who  wrote  at  a  much  earlier  period 
than  Dr.  Howe,  in  his  History  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  South  Carolina,  states,  and  upon  good 
evidence,  that  these  ministers  and  their  congregations 
were  Lutherans:  and  Rev.  G.  D.  Bernheim,  D.  D.,  in 
his  History  of  the  German  Settlements  and  the  Lu- 
theran Church  in  North  and  South  Carolina,  proves 
conclusively  that  such  is  the  case,  and  that,  while  Rev. 
John  Giessendanner.  the  younger,  received  ordination 
and  a  license  to  preach  from  the  Charleston  Presby- 
tery, he  continued  to  preach  in  Orangeburgh  as  a  Lu- 
theran minister  until  tlie  time  when  he  left  for  Eng- 
land to  be  ordained  as  an  Episcopal  Clergyman.  Dr. 
Bernheim's  account  of  the  settling  of  Orangeburgh  is 
undoubtedly  the  most  authentic  that  has  ever  been 
written,  and  will  therefore  be  given  herewith:  (p.  99.) 

'''Section  10.     The  Gernuni  and  Siriss  Co/onlsfs  of 
Oranrjehny.  S.  (\.  A.  I).  1735. 

"The  story  of  the  settling  of  Orangeburg,  Soutli 
Carolina  is  a  page  in  the  history  of  that  State  which 
has  never  been  fully  written.  The  cause  of  this  omis- 
sion can  scarcely  be  accounted  for,  as  ample  materials 
were  within  the  reach  of  former  historians.  Certain 
outlines  have  been  given,  but  nothing  very  satisfac- 
tory has  been  furnished. 

'"The  first  white  inhabitant  who  settled  in  this  sec- 
tion of  country  was  named  Henry  Sterling:  his  occu- 
pation, it  is  supposed,  was  that  of  a  trader.     He  loca- 


40  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ted  himself  on  Lyon's  Creek  in  the  year  1704,  and  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  a  tract  of.  land,  at  present  in  the  pos- 
session of  Colonel  Russel  P.  McCord.'     (Milh,  p.  {i56.) 

'•'The  next  settlers  were  some  three  or  four  individ- 
uals, who  located  themselves  at  the  Cowpens,  north- 
westerly of  the  low  country  white  settlements;  these, 
and  the  Cherokee  and  Catawba  Indians*  were  all  the 
inhabitants  who  had  preceded  the  Germans,'  (Mills, 
p.  657.) 

"The  colonists  of  Orangeburg  County  and  town  were 
mostly  German  and  Swiss,  who  came  over  from 
Europe  in  a  large  body,  occupying  several  vessels,  and 
even  to  the  present  day  their  descendants  are  easily 
recognized  by  their  unmistakable  German  names,  and 
are  found  to  be  the  principal  owners  and  occupants  of 
the  soil  in  this  portion  of  South  Carolina. 

"The  principal  facts  concerning  the  early  history  of 
these  colonists  are  mainly  derived  from  the  Journals 

*Lawson  visited  the  Congaree  section  before  any  wliites  Iiad  settled 
there,  and  this  is  what  he  wrote:  "The  next  raorning  Santee  Jacl^ 
told  us  we  should  reach  the  Indian  (('ongaree)  settlement  betimes 
that  day.  About  noon  we  passed  by  several  foir  savannas,  very  rich 
and  dry,  seeing  great  copses  of  many  acres  that  bore  nothing  but 
bushes  about  the  bigness  of  box  trees,  which,  in  their  season,  afford 
great  quantities  of  small  black-berries,  very  pleasant  fruit,  and  much 
like  to  our  blue  huckleberries  that  grow  on  heaths  in  England.  Hard- 
by  the  savannas  we  found  the  town,  where  we  halted.  There  was 
not  above  one  man  left  with  the  women,  the  rest  being  gone  a  hunt- 
ing, for  a  feast.  The  women  were  very  busily  engaged  in  gaming. 
The  names  or  grounds  of  it  I  could  not  learn,  though  I  looked  on 
above  tAVo  hours.     They  kept  count  with  a  heap  of  Indian  grains. 

"When  the  play  was  ended  the  king's  wife  invited  us  into  her  cabin. 
The  Indian  kings  always  entertain  travelers,  either  English  or  In- 
dian, taking  it  as  a  great  nffront  if  they  pass  by  their  cabins.  The 
town  consists  of  not  above  a  dozen  houses — tliey  having  other  strag- 
gling plantations  up  and  down  the  country,  and  are  seated  upon  a 
small  brancli  of  Santee  River.  Their  place  liath  curious,  dry  marshes, 
and  savannas  adjoining  to  it,  and  would  prove  an  exceeding  tine 
range  for  cattle  and  hogs,  if  the  English  were  seated  tliereon. 

"These  Indians  are  a  small  i)eoj)le,  iiaving  lost  much  of  tlieir  former 
numbers  by  intestine  broils;   but  most  by  tlie  small-i)()X.     We  found 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  41 

of  Council  of  the  Province  of  South  Carolina,  as  found 
in  manuscript  form  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
State,  as  well  as  from  the  Church  record-book,  kept 
by  their  first  pastors,  the  two  Giessendanners,  uncle 
and  nephew,  written  in  the  German  and  English  lan- 
guages, which  is  still  extant,  and  has  been  thoroughly 
exauiined  by  the  writer;  and  as  these  additional  facts 
are  now  presented  for  the  first  time,  it  is  hoped  that 
they  njay  open  new  avenues,  which  will  afford  future 
historians  of  the  State  additional  sources  of  research 
and  information. 

"That  the  (leruian  element  of  the  Orangeburg  col- 
onists came  partly  from  Switzerland,  we  learn  from 
the  records  of  the  (riessendanners'  church-book,  as  it 
was  the  custom  of  the  younger  Giessendanner  to  men- 
tion the  place  of  nativity  of  all  the  deceased,  in  his 
records  of  each  funeral  of  the  early  settlers;  and  as 
this  emigration  from  that  country  to  Orangeburg  oc- 

here  good  store  of  chinkapin-nuts,  which  they  gather  in  winter,  great 
quantities  of,  drying  them,  and  l^eeping  tl\eni  in  great  hasl^ets.  Like- 
wise hickerie-nuts,  whicli  tliey  beat  betwixt  two  great  stones,  then 
sift  to  thicl\en  tlieir  venison  brotli  therewitii;  the  small  shells  precipi- 
tating to  the  bottom  of  the  pot  whilst  the  kernels,  in  form  of  flour, 
mixes  with  the  liquor. 

"The  Congarees  are  kind  and  affable  to  the  English;  the  queen  be- 
ing very  kind — giving  us  what  varieties  her  cabin  afforded — loblolly 
made  with  Indian  corn  and  dryed  peaches.  These  Congarees  have 
abundance  of  storks  and  cranes  in  their  savannas.  They  take  them 
before  they  can  fly,  and  breed  them  as  tame  as  dung-hill  fowls.  They 
had  a  tame  crane  at  one  of  their  cabins  that  was  scarce  less  than  six 
foot  in  height,  his  head  being  round  with  a  shining  crimson  hue, 
which  they  all  have. 

"These  are  a  very  comely  sort  of  Indians,  there  being  a  strange  dif- 
ference in  the  proportion  and  beauty  of  these  heathen.  The  women 
here  being  as  handsome  as  niost  I  have  met  withal,  being  several  tive- 
tingered  brunettos  amongst  them.  These  lasses  stick  not  upon  hand 
long,  for  they  marry  when  very  young,  as  at  twelve  or  fourteen  years 
of  age. 

"We  saw  at  the  king's  cabin  tlie  strangest  spectacle  of  antiquity  I 
ever  knew — it  being  an  old  Indian  squaw,  tiiat,  had  I  been  to  have 
guessed  lier  age  by  her  aspect,  old  Parr's  head,  the  Welch  Methusa- 


/ 


42  THE  HISTORY  OF 

curred  only  two  or  three  years  subsequent  to  the  emi- 
gration of  a  former  Swiss  colony  to  Purysburg.  S.  C, 
it  certainly  requires  no  great  stretch  of  the  imagina- 
tion to  explain  the  causes  which  induced  such  a  large 
number  of  emigrants  from  that  country  to  locate 
themselves  upon  the  fertile  lands  of  South  Carolina, 
which  were  described  so  glowingly  by  John  Peter 
Purry  and  his  associates. 

"Let  any  one  exaniine  the  pamphlets,  as  found  in 
vol,  ii  of  Carroll's  Collections,  which  Mr.  Purry  pub- 
lished in  reference  to  the  Province  of  South  Carolina, 
and  which  he  freely  distributed  in  his  native  country, 
in  which  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  salubrity  of  the  cli- 
mate, excellency  of  government,  safety  of  the  colo- 
nists, opportunities  of  becoming  wealthy,  <S:c,,  &.,  are 
so  highly  extolled,  and  corroborated  by  the  testimony 
of  so  many  witnesses,  and  he  will  easily  comprehend 
what  the  Switzers  must  have  fancied  that  province  to 
be,  viz.:  the  El  Dorado  of  America, — the  second  Pal- 
estine of  the  world. 

"Mr.  Purry's  account  of  the  excellency  of  South 
Carolina  for  safe  and  remunerative  settlement  went 
round,  from  mouth  to  mouth,  in  many  a  hamlet  and 
cottage   of   the   little   mountain-girt  country,  losing 

lem,  was  a  face  in  swadling-  clouts  to  liers.  Her  skin  Iiiini;  in  reaves 
like  a  bag'  of  tripe;  by  a  fair  computation,  one  niiiriit  bave  justly 
tbougbt  it  Avould  liave  contained  three  sucf\  carcasses  as  bers  then 
was.  P>oni  wliat  I  could  gatber  sbe  was  considerably  above  one 
hundred  years  old,  yet  she  smoked  tol)acco,  and  eat  her  victuals,  to 
all  appearances,  as  heartily  as  one  of  eighteen.  At  night  we  wen- 
laid  in  the  king's  cabin,  Avhere  the  (jueen  and  the  obi  scjiiaw  pigged 
ill  with  us. 

"In  the  nHMning  we  rose  before  day,  Iiaving  liired  n  guide  the  over 
night  to  conduct  us  on  our  way.  The  (|Ueen  got  us  a  good  lireakfast 
before  we  left  her;  siie  bad  a  young  child  wiiicb  was  nmcb  afflicted 
with  the  colic,  for  which  sbe  infuse<l  a  root  in  water,  held  in  a  gourd; 
this  she  took  in  her  mouth,  and  spurted  it  into  the  mouth  of  the  in- 
fant, wiiicb  gave  it  ease,  .\fter  we  bad  eaten,  we  s('t  out  for  tiie  Wa- 
teree  In<lians." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  43 

nothing  h}'  being  told  from  one  family  to  another; 
which,  with  the  additional  fact,  that  man}-  had  rela- 
tives and  friends  living  in  both  the  Carolinas,  whom 
they  possibly  might  meet  again,  soon  fastened  their 
affections  upon  that  province,  and  induced  them  to 
leave  the  Fatherland,  and  make  their  future  homes 
with  some  of  their  countrymen  in  America.  Their 
little  all  of  earthly  goods  or  patrimony  was  soon  dis- 
posed of:  preparations  for  a  long  journey  were  quick- 
ly made,  as  advised  by  Mr.  Purry  in  his  pamphlet;  the 
journey  through  North  Germany  towards  some  sea- 
port was  then  undertaken;  and,  with  other  Germans 
added  to  their  number,  who  joined  their  fortunes  with 
them  whilst  passing  through  their  country,  they  were 
soon  rocked  upon  the  bosom  of  the  ocean,  heading  to- 
wards America,  with  the  compass  pointing  to  their 
expected  haven,  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

*'These  German  and  Swiss  settlers  did  not  all  arrive 
in  Orangeburg  at  the  same  time;  the  first  colony  came 
during  the  year  1735;  another  company  arrived  a  year 
later,  and  it  was  not  until  1737  that  their  first  pastor, 
Rev.  John  IJlrich  Giessendanner,  Senior,  came  among 
them  with  another  reinforcement  of  settlers;  whilst 
Mills  informs  us  that  emigrants  from  Germany  arrived 
in  Orangeburg  District  as  late  as  1769,  only  a  few 
years  before  the  Revolution.* 

"Like  most  of  the  early  German  settlers  of  America, 
these  colonists  came  to  Carolina  not  as  'gentlemen  or 
traders',  but  as  tillers  of  the  soil,  with  the  honest  in- 
tention 'to  earn  their  bread  by  the  sweat  of  the  bi'ow', 
and  their  lands  soon  gave  evidence  of  thrift  and 
plenty,  and  they,  by  their  industry  and  frugality,  not 
only    secured    a   competency   and    independence   for 

*T1hs  is  probably  true,  as  tluMe  are  some  (Teriiiau  families  that  have 
lonsir  resided  in  ()ranj>el)iirii,  but  wliose  names  do  not  appear  on  tlie 
(Tiesseiidanni'r  Record. 


44  THE  HISTORY  OF 

themselves  and  their  children  in  this  fertile  portion  of 
South  Carolina,  hut  many  of  them  became  lilessed 
with  abundance  and  wealth. 

"From  the  records  of  Rev.  Giessendanner  we  learn 
that  there  were  also  a  considerable  number  of  me- 
chanics, as  well  as  planters  and  farmers,  among  these 
colonists;  and  the  results  of  this  German  colonization 
wei'e  extremely  favorable  to  Orangeburg  District,  in- 
asmuch as  they  remained  there  as  permanent  settlers, 
whilst  many  of  their  countrymen  in  other  localities, 
such  as  Purysburg,  (S:c.,  were  compelled  to  leave  their 
first-selected  homes,  on  account  of  the  want  of  health 
and  of  that  great  success  which  they  had  at  first  ex- 
pected, but  the  Orangeburg  settlers  became  a  well-es- 
tablished and  successful  colony. 

"It  has  been  asserted  that  the  German  congregation 
established  in  Orangeburg  among  these  settlers  was; 
Reformed,  which  is  evidently  a  mistake,  as  any  one 
may  perceive  from  the  following  facts.  On  the  one 
hand,  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  Switzers  came 
from  the  land  where  eTohn  Calvin  labored,  and  where 
the  Reformed  religion  prevails,  but  where  there  are 
also  many  Lutheran  churches  established.  It  is  also 
admitted  that  the  Giessendanners  were  natives  of 
Switzerland,  but  it  would  be  unsafe  to  conclude  from 
these  facts  that  the  German  congregation  at  Orange- 
burg, with  all.  or  nearly  all,  of  its  members,  and  with 
their  pastors,  were  Swiss  Reformed  or  Calvinistic  in 
their  faith.  On  the  other  hand,  although  nothing 
positive  is  mentioned  in  the  Record-book  of  the 
Church,  concerning  their  distinctive  religious  belief, 
yet  the  ])resnmptive  evidence,  even  from  this  source 
of  information,  is  siilticiently  strong  to  conclude  tliat 
this  first  religious  society  in  Orangeburg  was  a  Luther- 
an Church.  The  facts  from  which  our  conclusions  arc 
drawn  are: 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  45 

'^"Firstlij. — Because  a  very  strong  element  from  Ger- 
many was  mixed  with  their  Swiss  brethren  in  the 
early  settling  of  this  county,  which,  by  still  later  ac- 
cession of  German  colonists,  aj3pears  to  have  become 
the  predominating  population,  who  were  mostly  Lu- 
therans, and  the  presumption  becomes  strong  that 
their  church-organization  was  likewise  Lutheran. 

'"'Secondlij. — It  seems  to  have  been  a  commonly  ad- 
mitted tact  and  the  prevailing  general  impression  of 
that  time,  when  their  second  paster  had  become  an 
ordained  minister  of  the  Church  of  England, 

"J7//yy////. — In  examining  their  church  records  one 
will  discover,  through  its  entire  pages,  a  recognition 
of  the  festivals  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  as  were  com- 
monly observed  by  the  early  Lutheran  settlers. 

''Foiui/dff. — In  Dalcho's  History  of  the  Prot,  Epis. 
Church  in  S.  C,  published  in  1820,  at  the  time  when 
the  son  of  the  younger  Giessendanner  was  still  living 
(see  Mills'  Statistics,  p.  657,  published  as  late  as  1826), 
it  is  most  positively  stated  concerning  his  father,  that 
*he  was  a  minister  of  the  Lutheran  Church.'  (Dalcho, 
p.  333,  footnote.)  How  could  Dr.  Dalcho  have  been 
mistaken  when  he  had  the  records  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  South  Carolina  before  him;  and  in  that  de- 
nomination this  was  the  prevailing  impression,  as  w^as, 
doubtless,  so  created  from  Giessendanner's  own  state- 
ments in  the  bosom  of  which  Church  he  passed  the 
latter  days  of  his  life. 

"'Fifthli/. — One  of  the  churches  which  Giessendan- 
ner served  before  he  became  an  Episcopal  clergyman, 
located  in  Amelia  Township,  called  St.  Matthews,  has 
never  been  any  other  than  a  Lutheran  Church,  and  is 
still  in  connection  with  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Synod  of  South  Carolina. 

"'Sixihlij. — The  Orangeburg  colonists,  after  their 
paster  departed  from  their  faith,  were  served  with  Lu- 


46  THE  HISTORY  OF 

theran  pastors  entirely,  numbering  in  all  about  seven- 
teen ministers,  and  only  for  a  short  time  a  Reformed 
minister.  Rev.  Dr.  Ziibly,  once  labored  there  as  a  tem- 
porary supply, 

'^Sevenflili/. — In  Dr.  Hazelius'  History  of  the  Ameri- 
can Lutheran  Church,  p.  64,  we  have  the  following 
testimony,  gathered  from  the  journal  of  the  Ebenezer 
pastors,  Bolzius  and  Gronan,  found  in  Xh'lsperger's 
Nachrichten:  'Their  journal  of  that  time  mentions 
among  other  things,  that  many  Lutherans  were  set- 
tled in  and  about  Orangeburg  in  South  Carolina,  and 
that  their  preacher  resided  in  the  village  of  Orange- 
burg.' 

"It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  this  testimony  is  satisfac- 
tory to  every  candid  inquirer,  that  the  first  establish- 
ed Church  of  Orangeburg,  vS.  C,  which  was  likewise 
thefrsf  organized  Lutheran  Chui'ch  in  both  the  Caro- 
linas,  was  none  other  than  a  Lutheran  Church;  that 
those  early  settlers  from  Germany  and  Switzerland 
were  mostly,  if  not  all,  of  the  same  denomin.ation,  and 
that  Dr.  Dalcho  has  published  no  falsehood  by  assert- 
ing that  'their  paster  was  a  minister  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.' 

"The  first  colony  of  German  and  Swiss  emigrants 
who  settled  in  Orangeburg  village  and  its  vicinity  in 
1735,  as  well  as  those  who  selected  their  homes  in 
Amelia  ToAvnship  along  Four-hole  swamp  and  creek, 
did  not  bring  their  pastor  with  them:  the  Rev.  John 
Ulrich  Giessendanner  did  not  arrive  until  the  year 
1737:  he  was  an  ordained  minister  and  a  native  of 
Switzerland,  and  was  the  first  and  at  the  time,  the 
only  minister  of  the  gospel  in  the  village  and  District 
of  Orangeburg:  we  infer  this  from  Mills' Statistics,  p. 
657,  stating  that  there  were  but  four  or  five  English 
settlers  residing  in  the  District  before  the  (iermans 
arrived,  and  these  few  would  not  likelv  have  an  Eng- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  47 

lish  minister  of  their  own  to  labor  among  them.  We 
infer  this,  moreover,  from  the  record  of  Giessendan- 
ner's  marriages;  the  ceremony  of  one  was  performed 
in  the  English  language  during  the  first  year  of  his 
ministry,  with  the  following  remark  accompanying  it: 
'Major  Motte  having  read  the  ceremony  in  the  Eng- 
lish language,'  from  which  we  conclude  that  at  the 
time,  October  24th,  1737,  Rev.  Giessendanner  was  still 
unacquainted  with  the  English  language,  and  that 
on  this  account  he  solicited  the  aid  of  Major  Motte  in 
the  performance  of  a  clerical  duty.  That  there  could 
have  been  no  other  minister  of  the  gospel  within 
reach  of  the  parties,  who  did  not  reside  in  the  village, 
otherwise  they  would  not  have  employed  Rev.  (r.  to 
perform  a  ceremony  under  such  embarrassing  circum- 
stances. 

"Rev.  J,  U.  Giessendanner  came  to  this  country 
with  the  third  transportation  of  German  and  Swiss 
settlers  for  this  fertile  portion  of  South  Carolina.  In 
the  same  vessel  also  journeyed  his  future  partner  in 
life,  who  had  resided  at  his  home  in  Europe  as  house- 
keeper for  twenty-six  years,  and  to  whom,  on  the  15th. 
of  November,  1737,  he  was  'quietly  married,  in  the 
presence  of  many  witnesses,  by  Major  Motte;'  doubt- 
less by  him,  as  no  minister  of  the  gospel  was  within 
their  reach,  to  which  record  he  piously  adds:  'May 
Jesus  unite  us  closely  in  love,  as  well  as  all  faithful 
married  people,  and  cleanse  and  unite  us  with  him- 
self. Amen.'  By  this  union  he  had  no  children,  since 
both  himself  and  his  partner  were  'well  stricken  in 
years'. 

"The  elder  Giessendanner  did  not  labor  long  among 
this  people.  Death  soon  ended  his  ministrations  in 
Orangeburg,  and  we  infer  that  he  must  have  died 
about  the  close  of  the  year  173S,  since  the  records  of 
his   ministerial    acts  extend  to  the  summer  of  that 


48  THE  HISTORY  OF 

year,  whilst  these  of  his  nephew  commence  with  the 
close  of  the  year  1739,  Allowing  the  congregation 
time  to  make  the  necessary  arrangement  with  the 
nephew,  and  he  to  have  time  to  seek  and  obtain  (u-di- 
nation,  as  we  shall  see  hereafter,  besides  the  inference 
drawn  from  the  language  of  a  certain  petition,  tV-c. 
we  learn  that  during  the  fall  of  1738,  the  Rev.  John 
Ulrich  Giessendanner,  Sr.,  was  called  to  his  rest,  and 
thus  closed  his  earthly  career. 

"The  congregations  in  Orangeburg  village  and  Dis- 
trict now  looked  about  them  for  another  servant  of 
the  Lord  to  labor  among  them  in  holy  things,  but  the 
prospect  of  being  soon  supplied  was  not  very  encourag- 
ing. The  Ebenezer  pastors  were  the  only  Lutheran 
ministers  in  the  South  at  that  time,  and  they  could 
not  be  spared  from  their  arduous  work  in  Georgia, 
and  to  expect  a  pastor  to  be  sent  them  again  from  the 
Fatherland  was  attended  with  niany  difficulties.  An- 
other plan  presented  itself  to  them.  The  nephew  of 
their  first  pastor,  who  had  prepared  himself  for  the 
ministry,  was  induced  to  seek  ordination  at  the  hands 
of  some  Protestant  denomination,  and  take  upon  him- 
self the  charge  of  these  vacant  congregations  in  the 
place  of  his  departed  uncle. 

"From  the  records  of  the  Orangeburg  Church  we 
learn  that  their  second  pastor  was  also  named  John 
Ulrich  Giessendanner,  but  he  soon  afterwards  dropped 
his  middle  name,  probably  to  distinguish  him  from  his 
uncle,  and  so  is  he  named  in  all  the  histories  of  South 
Carolina,  which  give  any  account  of  him.* 

"Difficulties  and  sore  trials  soon  attended  Rev.  John 


*Tt  ajipo.'irs  from  tlie  Geniinii  ])(>rti(in  of  the  record  hook  tluit  In- 
siijiK'd  liiiHMC'lf  in  some  phu-es  ".lolui  Firiek  (Jiesseiidnimer"  and  in 
otiiers  "TIrick  (liesseiidiimier",  niid  if  was  not  until  he  returned  from 
England  that  lie  iiivarial>ly  signed  himself  ".loliii  (iiessendannei'." 
See  also  Daleho,  p.  888. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  49 

Giessendannet's  ministry;  the  Urlsperger  Reports 
state,  in  vol.  iii.  p.  1079,  that  the  town  of  Orangeburg 
was  then,  A.  D.  1741,  in  a  worse  condition  than  Purys- 
burg;  that  the  people  were  leading  very  sinful  lives, 
manifesting  no  traces  of  piety,  and  that  between  iDas- 
tor  and  hearers  there  were  constant  misunderstand- 
ings. It  is  also  stated  that  their  lauds  were  fertile, 
but.  as  they  were  far  removed  from  Charleston,  and 
had  no  communication  with  that  city  by  water,  thej* 
could  not  convert  their  produce  into  money,  and  on 
this  acconnt  very  little  or  no  money  was  found  among 
them.  Di".  Hazelius  likewise  gives  an  unfavorable  ac- 
count of  the  state  of  religion  in  that  communit}^  On 
p.  64.  he  remarks:  'From  one  circumstance  mention- 
ed with  particular  reference  to  that  congregation,  we 
have  to  infei*  that  the  spiritual  state  of  that  church 
was  by  no  means  pleasing.  A  Mr.  Kieffer,  a  Salzburg 
emigrant  and  member  of  the  Ebenezer  congregation, 
was  living  on  the  Carolina  side  of  the  Savannah  River, 
whose  mother-in-law  resided  at  Orangeburg,  whom  he 
occasionally  visited.  On  one  occasion  he  remarked, 
after  his  retura,  to  his  minister.  Pastor  Bolzius,  that 
the  people  at  Orangeburg  were  manifesting  no  hunger 
and  thirst  after  the  word  of  God;  he  was  therefore 
anxious  that  his  mother-in-law  should  remove  to  his 
plantation,  so  that  she  might  enjoy  the  opportunity  of 
attending  to  the  preaching  of  the  word  of  God.  which 
she  greatly  desired.'  All  this  testimony,  though  in 
the  main  correct,  needs,  however,  some  explanation, 
and  by  referring  to  the  Journals  of  Council  for  this 
province,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  we 
will  soon  discover  the  cause  of  such  a  state  of  things. 
The  people  had  been  but  sparingly  supplied  with  the 
preached  word,  the  discipline  of  the  Church  had  not 
been  properly  administei'ed,  and  when  the  younger 
(liessendanner   took    charge   of  these   congregations, 


50  THE  HISTORY  OF 

and  attempted  to  regulate  matters  a  little,  wiiilst  the 
majority  of  the  people  sustained  him  in  his  efforts,  a 
minority,  who  were  rude  and  godless,  became  his  bit- 
ter enemies,  and  were  constantly  at  variance  with 
him. 

"This  condition  of  Church  affairs  opened  the  way 
for  the  Zauberbithler  difficulties,  which  are  very  min- 
utely described  in  the  .lournals  of  Council  of  the 
Province  of  South  Carolina,  vol.  10,  page  395,  d  seq.: 
the  main  facts  of  this  troublesome  affair  were  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"During  the  year  1743,  a  Swiss  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, formerly  located  along  the  Savannah  River,  at 
New  Windsor,  Purysburg,  and  other  places,  named 
Bartholomew  Zauberbuhler,  very  adroitly  attempted 
to  displace  the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  from  his 
charge  in  Orangeburg,  and  make  himself  the  pastor  of 
those  churches.  He  supposed  that  by  becoming  an 
ordained  minister  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  at  that 
time  the  established  church  in  the  Province,  he  would 
have  rights  superior  to  the  humble  Lutheran  pastor 
in  charge  at  Orangeburg,  and,  as  he  supposed,  have 
the  law  on  his  side  in  thus  becoming  the  pastor  hiui- 
self.  The  records  of  his  evil  designs,  which  have  long- 
slumbered  in  oblivion  in  manuscript  form  on  the 
shelves  of  the  Statehouse  at  Columbia,  are  now 
brought  to  view,  and  read  as  follows: 

"  'Nov.  9th,  1742.  Read  the  petition  of  Rev.  11  Zaii- 
berbiihler,  showing  that  as  there  were  a  great  many 
Germans  at  Orangeburg,  Santee,  and  thereabouts, 
who  ai'e  very  desirous  of  having  the  woixl  of  (lod 
preached  to  them  and  their  children,  and  wdio  desire  to 
be  instructed  in  the  true  religion,  humbly  prays:  That 
he  may  be  sent  to  serve  them  and  to  be  sui>[><)j-t(Ml 
with  a  competent  salary  until  he  shall  be  able  to  take 
a  voyage  to  England  to  be  ordained   by  the  Rishop  of 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  51 

London,  and  at  the  same  time  proposes  to  bring-  over 
with  hiai  a  number  of  Germans,  which  he  thinks  may 
be  as  great  a  number  as  ever  were  bi-ought  at  any 
time  into  this  province,  it  being  a  great  encourage- 
ment to  them  when  they  find  that  they  may  have  the 
(lospel.  not  only  on  their  voyage,  but  also  after  their 
arrival  in  this  province,  preached  to  them,  <S:c, 

"'Upon  reading  the  said  petition,  it  was  the  opinion 
of  His  Majesty's  Council,  that  providing  the  petition- 
er do  produce  a  certificate  from  the  inhabitants  of 
Orangeburg,  as  also  a  certificate  from  ye  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Commissary,  Mr.  Garden,  of  his  qualifications  to 
receive  orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  and  his  en- 
gaging to  go  home  to  London  to  receive  ordination, 
and  after  that  to  go  to  Germany  to  procure  others  of 
his  countrymen  to  come  over  to  settle  in  this  province, 
that  the  sum  of  five  hundred  pounds  currency  be  ad- 
vanced him  out  of  the  township  fund,  in  order  to  en- 
able him  to  perform  the  same.' 

"Journals  of  Council,  vol.  xi,  pp.  74-76.  Under 
date  of  Feb.  13th.  1748-44:  'Recon.sidered  the  petition 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Zauberbiihler,  which  had  been  exhibited 
at  this  Board  on  the  10th  day  of  November,  1743, 
praying  that  in  consideration  of  the  earnest  desire  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Orangeburg,  Santee,  to  have  a  per- 
son to  preach  the  gospel  to  them  in  their  own  lan- 
guage, he  is  willing  to  perform  that  pastoral  duty, 
but  being  as  yet  unordained,  desires  to  be  supported 
with  a  competent  salary  until  he  shall  be  able  to  take 
a  voyage  to  England  to  be  ordained,  at  which  time  he 
proposes  to  bring  over  a  numbei'  of  foreign  Protes- 
tants to  settle  in  this  province,  who  are  unwilling  to 
come  over  for  want  of  having  the  gospel  preached  to 
them  in  their  voyage  here.  Whereupon  it  appearing 
l)y  a  former  minute  of  Council,  of  the  lOth  of  Nt)vem- 
ber  last,  that  provided  the  petitioner  shall  produce  a 


52  THE  HISTORY  OF 

certificate  from  the  inhabitants  of  Orangeburg  of  their 
desire  to  receive  him  as  a  preacher  amongst  them, 
and  also  a  certificate  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Garden  of  his 
qualifications  to  receive  orders,  that  then  the  sum  of 
£500  current  money  be  advanced  him  out  of  the 
township  fund,  in  order  to  enable  him  to  perform  his 
voyage,  and  bring  on  the  Protestants  to  settle  here  as 
he  mentions.  Whereupon  the  petitioner  produced 
the  following  certificate  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Commis- 
sary Garden: 

"  'South  Carolina. 
'''These  are  to  certify  whom  it  may  concern,  and  in 
particular  the  Rt.  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London, 
that  the  bearer,  Bartholomew  Zauberbiihler,  a  native 
of  Appenzell  in  Switzerland,  appears  to  me  on  credit- 
able testimony  to  have  resided  in  this  Province  for 
the  space  of  seven  years  last  past,  and  during  that 
time  to  have  been  of  good  life  and  behavior  as  be- 
cometh  a  candidate  for  holy  orders,  «fec.,  &c., 

"'Signed,  Alexander  Garden. 

"  'February  13th,  1748.' 

"  'On  producing  the  said  certificate  his  Excellency 
signed  an  order  on  the  public  Treasurer  for  the  sum 
of  £500.  to  be  paid  him  on  condition  that  the  Treasur- 
er take  his  written  obligation  to  repay  the  said  money 
upon  his  returning  and  settling  in  the  Province,  in 
case  he  does  not  bring  over  the  Protestants  he  men- 
tions.' 

•'The  follow^ing  counter-petition  against  Mr.  Zauber- 
biihler from  the  Orangeburg  settlers  is  found  in  vol. 
xi  of  Journals  of  Council,  pp.  139  143.  and  dated 
March  (>th,  1743: 

'"Read  the  humble  petition  of  the  German  and  Eng- 
lish inhal)itants  of  Orangel)urg  hikI  the  adjoining 
plantations,  showing  to  his  Excellency,  to  whom  it  is 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  53 

directed,  that  the  petitioners  heartily  congratulate 
his  Excellency  on  his  auspicious  ascension  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  this  Province,  hoping  that  by  his  judi- 
cious care  and  power  not  only  their  present  grievances, 
but  likew^ise  all  other  misfortunes  may  evaporate  and 
vanish.  And  ye  said  petitioneers  humbly  beg  leave 
to  acquaint  ye  Excellency,  that  above  five  years  ago. 
the  German  minister  happening  to  die,  Mr,  John  Gies- 
.sendanner.  by  the  consent  and  approbation  of  your 
said  German  petitioners,  went  to  Charlestown  with 
the  intention  to  make  his  application  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Alexander  Garden,  Commissarj^  to  admit  him  into 
holy  orders,  to  preach  in  German  in  this  township: 
and  when  the  said  Mr.  John  Giessendanner  came  to 
Charlestown  aforesaid,  he  accidentally  met  wnth  one 
Major  Christian  Motte,  who  acquainted  him  that  he 
ought  not  to  trouble  the  said  Rev.  Alexander  Garden 
with  the  affair,  but  to  go  with  him  to  some  certain 
gentlemen,  who,  if  they  found  him  suflBcient,  would 
directly  give  him  orders  according  to  his  desire;  upon 
which  the  said  Mr.  John  Giessendanner,  being  then  a 
stranger  to  the  English  method  of  proceeding  in  such 
cases,  accompanied  the  said  Major  Christian  Motte. 
and  was  by  him  introduced  to  an  Assembly  of  the 
Presbytery,  who,  after  examination,  presented  him 
with  orders  to  preach,  which  he  has  since  done  in 
German  constantly  for  the  space  of  five  years  to  the 
inexpressible  satisfaction  of  the  congregation  at 
Orangeburg;  and  about  two  years  ago  your  said 
English  petitioners,  being  fully  sixty  miles  from  any 
other  place  of  divine  worship,  some  of  whom  had  not 
been  favored  with  an  opportunity  of  hearing  a  sermon 
in  the  space  of  seven  years,  observing  the  said  Mr. 
.lohn  Giessendanner  to  be  a  man  of  learning,  piety, 
and  knowledge  in  the  Holy  Scriptures,  prevailed  with 
him  to  officiate  in  pi-eaching  once  every  fortnight  in 


54  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Enp^lish,  which  he  hath  since  pei-foiiiied  very  articu- 
late and  intelligible  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  ye 
said  English  petitioners,  and  always  hehaves  himself 
with  sobi'iety,  honesty,  and  justice,  encouraging  virtue 
and  reproving  vice. 

"'And  the  said  Mr.  John  (liessendanner  lately  ob- 
serving great  irregularities  and  disorders  being  com- 
mitted almost  every  Sabbath  day  by  some  wicked  per- 
sons in  one  part  of  the  township,  publicly  reprimand- 
ed them  for  the  same,  which  reproof  so  exasperated 
them  that  they  threatened  to  kick  the  said  Mr.  John 
Giessendanner  out  of  the  church  if  he  offered  to  preach 
there  any  more,  and  have  lately  sent  for  one  Barthol- 
omew Zauberbilhler,  a  man  who  not  long  ago  pretend- 
ed to  preach  at  Savannah  town,  but,  as  your  said  pe- 
titioners are  informed,  was  soon  obliged  to  leave  that 
place  and  a  very  indecent  character  behind  him.  The 
last  week  he  arrived  at  Orangeburg,  and  upon  the  last 
Sabbath,  he,  the  said  Bartholomew  Zauberbilhler  and 
his  wicked  adherents  associated  together,  and  pretend- 
ed that  the  said  Bartholomew  Zauberbilhler  had 
brought  with  hirn  a  power  from  the  Hon.  William 
Bull,  Esq.,  late  Lieutenant-Governor  of  this  Province, 
his  Majesty's  Hon.  Council,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Alexan- 
der Garden,  Commissary,  an  order  to  expel  the  said 
Mr.  John  Giessendanner  from  the  church,  and  to 
preach  there  himself,  and  some  of  ye  said  petitioners 
demanded  a  sight  of  his  said  authority,  but  he  refused 
to  produce  it,  which  occasioned  great  animosities  and 
disorders  in  the  congregation,  and  when  the  said 
Bartholomew  Zauberbtihler  niakes  his  second  ap[)ear- 
ance  at  or  near  ()rangel)urg,  which  he  declares  shall 
be  at  ye  expiration  of  three  weeks,  there  will  certain- 
ly be  more  disturbance  and  <*onfusion  than  before,  un- 
less some  powerful  means  be  used  to  obstruct  it. 

"'Whereupon   your  said    petitioners    most  humbly 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  55 

beg  that  your  Excellency  will  be  pleased  to  interpose 
with  your  authority,  and  direct  the  said  Mr.  Alexan- 
der Garden,  if  he  hath  given  or  granted  any  such  or- 
ders, to  countermand  them,  and  to  permit  the  said 
Mr.  John  Giessendanner  still  to  officiate  for  them  in 
divine  service,  free  from  any  further  disturbance  or 
molestation,  &c. 

"'Signed  by  John  Harn,  and  above  forescore  more 
subscribers.* 

"'Ordered  by  Council  that  the  consideration  of  this 
affair,  and  of  the  above  petition,  and  those  of  Mr.  Zau- 
berbiihler,  be  deferred  until  Mr.  Zauberbiihler's  return 
from  England,  and  that  ye  Clerk  acquaint  them  there- 
with in  writing.' 

"Fortunately,  however,  Mr.  Zauberbiihler  had  not 
yet  departed  on  his  journey  to  England  as  the  Coun- 
cil had  supposed,  but  had  been  lurking  for  awhile  in 
Orangeburg  District,  and  as  soon  as  he  returned  to 
Charleston  he  once  more  made  his  appearance  upon 
the  floor  of  the  Council  chamber. 

"Journals  of  Council,  Vol.  XI,  p.  143:  'Bartholo- 
mew Zauberbiihler,  being  returned  from  Orangeburg 
Township,  attended  his  Excellency  in  Council,  and 
laid  before  him  two  written  certificates  from  justices 
of  ye  peace  there  in  his  favor,  and  which  were  read, 
representing  his  sobriety  and  good  behavior,  where- 
upon Mr.  Zauberbiihler  was  by  his  Excellency  direct- 
ed to  wait  again  on  Rev.  Mr.  Garden,  and  to  learn  if 
he  has  any  objections  to  his  receiving  orders  in  Eng- 
land, and  to  report  the  same.' 

"Journals  of  Council.  Vol.  XI,  p.  152:  'Bartholomew^ 
Zauberbiihler  attended  his  Excellency,  the  Governor, 
in  Council,  according  to  order,  whom  the  Governor 
gave  to  understand  that  he  had  not  acted  well  in  the 

•All  efforts  to  find  the  oriyiiuil  of  this  i)etiti(tii,  w  itii  the  iiiiiiies  .i))- 
IH'iided,  have  heeii  misuecessfnl. 


56  THE  HISTORY  OF 

exhibiting  a  certificate  from  the  Township  of  Orange- 
burg, read  at  this  Board  on  November  13th.  1742.  see- 
ing that  under  the  notion  of  having  an  invitation  to 
the  ministry  by  the  majority  of  that  Township,  there 
was,  on  the  contrary,  a  later  memorial  laid  before  the 
Board,  signed  by  near  ninety  of  the  inhabitants,  and 
by  far  the  majority  of  the  Township,  praying  that  Mi-. 
Giessendanner,  their  present  minister,  might  be  con- 
tinued to  preach  among  them,  and  that  Mr,  Zaul)ei'- 
biihler's  going  to  preach  in  the  said  Township,  and  his 
design  to  be  settled  there  as  a  minister,  was  not  by 
their  desire,  on  the  contrary,  had  occasioned  no  small 
disturbance  in  the  said  Township.  That  his  proceed- 
ings with  the  Lieutenant-Ciovernor  and  Council  in  ye 
said  affair  had  not  been  with  that  candor  that  might 
have  been  expected  from  one  who  designed  to  take  on 
him  holy  orders,  and  that,  therefore,  he  ought  to  be 
contented  with  at  least  one-half  of  what  had  been 
paid  him  by  ye  Treasurer,  and  return  the  other  £250, 
or,  at  any  rate,  to  procure  a  joint  se(Hirity  of  one  re- 
siding in  Charlestovvn  that  he  would  return  the  mone}' 
in  case  he  did  not  bring  over  the  Protestants  men- 
tioned, but  that  if  he  did  bring  them  over  the  whole 
£500  should  be  allowed  him;  whereupon  Mr.  Zauber- 
biihler  withdrew.' 

"After  this  action  of  the  Governor  and  Council  we 
read  nothing  more  of  Mr.  Zauberbiihler  in  the  .Journals 
of  Council,  and  the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  w-as  per- 
mitted to  continue  his  labor  as  pastor  in  Orangeburg 
without  further  molestation. 

''The  historical  facts  deduced  from  the  above  State 
papers  are  the  following: 

"That  the  Rev.  John  Ulrick  Ciiessendanner,  Sr..  who 
w^as  the  first  pastor  at  Orangeburg,  depai'ted  this  life 
during  the  close  of  the  year  178S,  having  labored  there 
but  little  more  than  one  year. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  57 

"That  his  nephew,  the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner, 
became  his  successor  some  time  during  the  year  1739, 
and  that  he  was  *a  man  of  learning,  piety,  and  knowl- 
edge in  the  Holy  Scriptures";  he  was  probably  educa- 
ted for  the  ministry,  but  left  Europe  before  he  had 
been  ordained;  that,  although  a  Lutheran  in  his  re- 
ligious persuasion,  as  we  learn  from  other  documents, 
he  applied  for  ordination  at  the  hands  of  any  Protest- 
ant ministry  who  were  empowered  to  impart  the  de- 
sired authority,  there  being  at  that  time  no  Lutheran 
Synod  in  all  the  American  colonies.  That  he  was  or- 
dained by  the  Charleston  Presbytery  is  certain,  but 
that  he  was  not  a  Presbyterian  in  faith  is  evident  also, 
else  he  would  not  have  endeavored  first  to  obtain  or- 
dination at  the  hands  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  au- 
thority, and  only  (dianged  his  purpose  of  becoming 
Episcopally  ordained  at  the  suggestions  of  Major  Chris- 
tian Motte.  and  doubtless  to  avoid  an  expensive  and 
wearisome  voyage  to  Europe,  which  he  would  have 
been  obliged  to  undei'take  had  he  insisted  upon  ob- 
taining the  requisite  authority  to  preach  the  gospel 
and  administer  the  sacraments  eithei-  in  the  Lutheran 
or  Episcopal  Church. 

"That  the  first  Orangeluirg  Church  must  have  been 
built  some  time  before  the  aljove-mentioned  petition 
was  written,  A.  D.  1743,  as  it  is  therein  spoken  of.  as 
being  then  in  existence. 

"That  Rev.  John  Oie^sendanner  lal)()red  faithfully 
as  a  good  servant  of  his  Master,  even  Ininging  enmity 
upon  himself  for  reproving  vice;  likewise,  that  he 
preached  in  the  (lerman  and  English  laiiguages. 

"That  the  counti-y  in  the  vacinity  of  Orangeburg 
must  have  been  sadly  deficient  at  that  time  in  the  en- 
joyment of  the  usual  means  of  grace,  as  many  persons 
were  living  sixty  miles  fi-oni  any  other  church,  some 
having  not  heard  a  seiiiioii  [)reached  for  seven  years; 


58  THE  HISTORY  OF 

need  we  wonder  at  the  irregularities  in  faith  and  con- 
duct manifested  in  those  days. 

"That  Rev.  (Hessendanner  must  have  had  a  consid- 
erable congregation,  inasmuch  as  the  petition  drawn 
up  in  his  defence  was  signed  by  nearly  ninety  male 
persons,  who  were  either  all  members  of  his  congre- 
gation, or  mostly  so,  and  the  remainder  his  friends 
and  adherents. 

"That  Rev.  Bartholomew  Zanberbiihler  must  have 
sadly  degenerated  in  the  latter  period  of  his  ministe- 
rial life,  as  the  Ebenezer  pastors  give  us  a  very  favor- 
able account  of  him  several  years  previous  in  the  Url- 
sperger  Reports,  wdien  he  first  came  to  this  country. 

"Rev.  Giessendanner  was  affectionately  remember- 
ed by  the  Church  in  Europe.  Rev.  Bolzius,  in  the  I^rl- 
sperger  Reports,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  875,  states:  '1  also  wrote 
a  letter  to-day  to  young  Mr.  Giessendanner,  the  pres- 
ent minister  in  Orangeburg,  informing  him  that  a  do- 
nation of  about  nine  guilders  had  been  collected  for 
him  in  Switzerland,  of  which  a  respectable  merchant 
in  Zurich  writes,  that  as  old  Mr.  Giessendanner  had 
died,  this  amount  should  be  paid  over  to  his  nephew- 
Also,  that  we  will  send  him,  as  soon  as  possible,  those 
books  collected  for  him  in  Switzerland,  which  are 
sent  in  the  chest  for  us,  and  which  has  not  yet  ar- 
rived. 

'•'T  would  have  been  pleased  to  have  sent  him  this 
money  sooner  had  any  safe  opportunity  presented  it- 
self. T  entreated  him,  likewise,  to  write  to  me  occa- 
sionally, and  inform  me  of  the  transactions  of  the  de- 
parted (liessendanner.  which  may  be  of  great  service 
to  him.' 

"The  name  (liossendiinner  occurs  in  several  other 
[)aragra})hs  of  the  sam<'  iiejiorts.  but  only  in  connec- 
tion with  the  books  and  nmiioy  above-mentioned;  but 
nothing  further  is   said   conccining  himself  and   his 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


59 


ministry,  or  that  of  his  predecessor.  He  was  probably 
prevented  i'roni  imparting  the  desired  information  on 
account  of  the  want  of  connnnnication  between  Eben- 
ezer  and  Orany;eburg. 

''Rev.  John  Oiessendanner  labored  ten  years  as  a 
Lutheran  minister,  after  whi(di.  in  1749,  he  went  to 
London  to  receive  Episcopal  onlinatioli*  at  the  hands 
of  Kev.  Dr.  Sherlock.!  Bishop  of  London.  The  rea- 
sons for  making  this  change  in  his  Church  relation- 
ship are  not  known;  however,  it  is  presumable  that, 
as  he  was  then  the  only  Lutheran  pastor  in  South 
Carolina,  he  preferred  to  enjoy  a  more  intimate  con- 
nection with  some  ministerial  organization  than  the 
one  that  was  then  afforded  him  in  the  bosom  of  his 
own  Chundi;  and  although  the  Ebenezer  pastors  were 
also  then  laboring  in  the  South,  nevertheless  they 
were  somewhat  distantly  removed  from  him,  and 
dwelling  in  another  Province.  He  doubtless  also  had 
his  fears  that  some  other  Zauberbiihler  difficulty 
might  hai'ass  him  again,  and  thus,  by  taking  this  step. 
he  would  have  all  legal  preferences  in  his  favor,  as  the 
Chundi  of  England  was  then  virtually  the  established 
Church  of  the  Province. 

"'He  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Barbara  Hug. 
and  became  the  father  of  several  children,  one  of 
wdiom,  a  son  named  Henry,  born  duly  8d,  1742,  was 
still  living  in  182(1  as  he  is  mentioned  in  'Mills'  Sta- 
tistics;' and  his  widow  spent  the  (dose  of  her  life  with 
one  of  tier  (diildren  residing  in  Ceorgia. 

"Henry  (liessendanner  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Humpf.  Febriiary  25th,  1707;  he  I'ecorded  the  birth  of 
but  one  child,  Elizabeth,  in   his  father's  (diurch-l)ook. 

■•Ordniiicd   Dcjicoii  Auu.  27,  jiiid   I'licst  St-pt.  1'4,   174!!.  — DaU-lio,  i*. 

tCii'ii.  1).  F.  Jamison  oiuv  liad  i\  luaycr  hook  tlial  Dr.  Sherlock  had 
l)ivs('iitc'd  to  lU'V.  Mr.  (Jiossc'iidaiiiKT. 


GO  THE  HISTORY  OF 

though  he  may  have  had  more  children,  whose  name? 
were  not  entered  there.  This  record-hook  likewise  in- 
forms us  that  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  had  a  hrother 
^  and  sister  living  in  Orangeburg,  named  George  and 
I  Elizaheth  (afterwards  married  to  a  Mr.  Krieh),  and 
that  the  whole  family  were  natives  of  Switzerland: 
hence  also  the  money  sent  llev.  Giessendanner  came 
from  this  country,  as  mentioned  in  the  Urlsperger 
Reports.  This  concludes  the  history  of  the  Giessen- 
danner family,  as  far  as  it  is  necessary  for  our  purpose, 
and  until  recently  it  was  not  know^n  that  these  two 
pastors  were  the  first  Lutheran  ministers  that  labored 
in  South  Carolina — even  their  very  names  had  become 
almost  obliterated  in  the  annals  of  the  Lutheran 
Church.  Dr.  Dalcho  yet  adds  this  information,  that 
Rev.  John  Giessendanner  departed  this  life  during  the 
year  1761.* 

"The  Orangeburg  settlers  at  first  clustered  together 
near  the  banks  of  the  Edisto  River,  and  built  their 
dwellings  near  each  other  in  the  form  of  a  small  tow^n. 
supposing  that  the  adjacent  stieam  would  be  advan- 
tageous in  forming  an  outlet  for  them  to  Charleston, 
in  the  transportation  of  lumber  to  market.  A  year 
later  other  German  emigrants  arrived,  who  located 
themselves  on  lands  adjoining  their  predecessorvS,  and 
thus  this  tide  of  immigration  continued  until  the  en- 
tire district  became  mostly  colonized  with  German 
and  Swiss  emigrants.  The  present  town  of  Orange- 
burg is  located  very  near  the  spot  where  this  original 
German  village  once  stood.  In  this  village  the  first 
[jutheran  church  in  the  Carolinas  was  erected,}-  and 

"His  will  is(lntf<l  Maic-li  o,  17(51;  probated  .July  :!4,  IWl.— Proluitt- 
Court  Records,  Cliarlestoii  County,  p.  124. 

+Tlu' late  Mr.  .loll n  I^ucas  doulited  that  Rev .  .lolin  (iiesseridauiier 
iiad  a  eliurch  litiiidinii  before  iio in, li  to  Ktif-Iand,  l>ut  was  of  opinion 
that  the  C'onjirefiation  l)a<l  some  plaee  of  assembly.  The  ree<ird  hook 
does  not  say,  l>ul   I  think  the  «videnee  is  sO-onji  the  other  way. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  61 

there  also  the  first. Lutheran  pastor  of  this  congrega- 
tion lived  and  died;  his  nephew  and  successor,  as  is 
supposed  by  some  of  the  present  inhabitants,  had  his 
home  several  miles  from  the  village,  where  he  died 
and  was  buried.* 

"Some  half  a  mile  from  the  centre  of  the  present 
town  of  Orangeburg  and  towards  the  Edisto  River 
there  is  a  graveyard,  which  presents  the  appearance 
of  having  been  a  long  time  in  use  for  the  interment  of 
the  dead,  and  where  the  entombed  generations. of  the 
present  day  are  silently  slumbering  with  those  of  the 
past.  It  is  still  styled  'the  old  (jnincjiard'  although 
there  are  many  new-made  graves  to  be  seen  in  it:  and 
here,  doubtless,  repose  the  remains  of  the  first  Luther- 
an pastor  in  the  Carolinas. 

"During  the  evening  twilight  of  autumn  the  writer 
visited  this  hallow^ed  spot,  in  order  to  commune  with 
the  dead;  the  seai'ed  and  faded  leaves  of  October  over- 
hanging his  head  or  rustling  beneath  his  feet;  the  pe- 
culiar sighing  sound  of  the  winds  of  autumn,  passing 
through  the  foliage  of  the  Southern  long-leaved  ,pine 
trees,  produced  Nature's  sad  and  fitting  requiem  for 
the  dead.  He  sought  for  records  of  the  past  upon 
some  dilapidated  tombstone,  but  his  search  was  un- 
availing, and,  like  the  fallen  leaves  of  many  years 
pasl,  even  these  mementos  of  a  former  age  were  no 
longer  visible. 

"What  lessons  of  the  vanity  of  all  human  greatness. 
namely:  the  power  of  wealth,  the  pride  of  family,  t\w 
pleasures  and  gayeties  of  life!  All  end  at  last  in  the 
grave — all  alike  blend  in  oiie  common  dust. 

"Aj'onnd  this  place,  with  the  old  chiu'ch  edifice  very 
near  it.  the  former  village  stood:  they  are  both  thus 

*Mr.  Lucas  said  liis  wife  was  also  l)iiri«-(l  there,  Ixit  it  is  more  likely 
that  she  was  hmied  in  (ieoiiiia,  where  Dr.  Ileniheini  says  she  "spent 
the  close  of  her  life". 


62  THE  HISTORY  OF 

described  by  a  correspondent:  'The  OrangeI)iir<?  cimrcb 
was  built  of  wood  and  clay,  in  much  the  same  manner 
as  chimneys  are  when  made  of  clay:  the  old  grave- 
yar<l  is  still  used  as  a  burial-j^round  common  to  all: 
and  tlie  site  of  the  church  is  still  plainly  seen — it  is  in 
the  village,  and  was  at  that  day  in  the  centre  of  it.  I 
have  learned  this  likewise  from  an  old  gentleman  who 
remembers  hearing  his  father  saying  this  as  above.  It 
fell  to  ruins  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution:  but  the 
spot  has  never  been  built  upon  since  that  day,  and 
is  now  known  as  'the  old  churchyard.'  This  church 
was  the  one  used  by  the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  as 
an  Episcopal  church,  and  no  doubt  used  likewise  bj' 
him  at  first  as  a  Lutheran  church:  its  dimensions 
were — say  thirty  by  fifty  feet.' 

''The  time  when  the  old  church  edifice  was  erected 
is  now  no  longer  known,  and  can  only  be  a  matter  of 
conjecture:  however,  it  is  possible  that  this  event  oc- 
curred during  the  elder  Giessendanner's  ministry — the 
records  do  not  positively  state  this  to  have  been  the 
case,  nevertheless  several  indications  are  given  which 
make  it  very  probable  that  this  was  the  time. 

"It  became  changed  into  an  Episcopal  house  of  wor- 
ship in  1749.  when  the  pastor,  the  younger  (Jiessen- 
danner,  took  orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  as  he 
continued  to  labor  there  to  the  close  of  his  life.  At 
the  time  this  change  was  effected,  the  congregation 
numbered  107  communicants,  and  on  Whitsunday  fol- 
lowing 21  persons  more  were  admitted  to  the  Loid's 
Supper. 

''In  concluding  the  history  of  this  congregation,  we 
would  simply  add.  that  after  Rev.  (liessendanner's 
death  nothing  further  is  known  concerning  it  until 
176S.  when  a  new  Episcopal  chapel  was  ordered  to  be 
erected,  and  the  Rev.  Paul  Tunjuand  ]>reached  there 
in  connection  with  another  coni>re<T;ition. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  63 

'^During  the  Revolutionary  War,  Rev.  Turquand 
was  absent,"^  and  labored  in  tbe  valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, but  returned  in  1788,  when  he  resumed  his  la- 
bors in  Orangeburg,  and  died  the  following  year: 
since  then  no  trace  is  left  of  the  history  of  the  church 
and  its  congregation. 

"The  pieseut  Episco[)al  Church  in  the  town  of 
Orangeburg  is  of  recent  organization,  and  their  house 
of  worship  is  comparatively  new,  indicating  that  the 
old  church  edifice,  the  still  later  erected  chapel,  and 
the  former  congregation  have  long  since  become  en- 
tirely extinct. 

'*The  existing  Lutheran  church  and  congregation  in 
Orangeburg  are  of  a  still  more  recent  date;  both  the 
organization  and  church  edifice  have  no  historical 
connection  with  the  past,  made  up  of  material  in 
membership  who  have  })ecome  citizens  of  the  place 
not  many  years  ago." 

It  is  evident,  from  an  inspection  of  tlie  Giessendan- 
ner  record,  that  Rev.  Mr.  (nessendanner  regular  served 
the  townships  of  Orangeburgh  and  Amelia,  after  his 
return  from  England,  as  Episcopal  minister,  and  that 
he  also  held  services  occasionally  in  Saxe-Gotha 
Township.  In  Saxe-iiotha  he  usually  held  services  at 
the  house  of  Mrs.  Elizabetl)  Haig,  afterwards  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Mercier.  From  1741)  to  175()  the  services  for 
Amelia  Townshi[)  were  held  at  the  houses  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Russell,  William  Martin,  Moses  Thomson,  Capt. 
William  Heatly,  Ann  and  Charles  Russell.  In  1757 
the  services  were  held  in  a  (diapel,  which  had  proba- 
bly just  been  built,  and  the  late  Mr.  Lucas  wrote:  'T 
am  under  the  impression  that  Amelia  Chapel  was  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  above  persons*  habitations 
for  we  see  that  no  service  was  hehl  in  any  of  their 

"■•He  \v;is  licrc  diiriim  ;i  p.-irt  of  tlic  time,  ;is  will  lie  shown  hitcr. 


64  THE  HISTORY  OF 

houses  after  the  Chapel  was  built."  It  seems  that 
after  the  erection  of  St.  Matthew's  Parish  in  1765,  and 
the  subsequent  employment,  in  1766,  of  Rev.  Paul 
Turquand  as  minister  of  the  Parish,  that  this  chapel 
went  by  the  name  of  '*the  old  church."  (Minutes  of 
the  Vestry,  1767.)  At  a  later  date  another  chapel  was 
built  in  Amelia  Township*  near  Mr.  Campbell's  and 
still  later  another  was  built  at  "Bellville,"  the  planta- 
tion of  the  Thomsons.! 

The  late  Mr.  John  Lucas  made  extensive  researches 
into  the  history  of  the  old  church  and  grave-yard 
above  referred  to  by  Dr.  Bernheim,  and  as  what  he 
has  written  on  the  subject  will  be  of  interest  to  many. 
I  will  h  re  give  it: 

"The  original  plan  of  Orangeburg:^  shows  that  the 
old  grave-yard,  now  known  as  the  village  grave  yard, 
and  used  as  such  by  all  denominations  in  common  for 
both  white  and  black  without  leave  or  hindrance,  be- 
ing free  to  all,  was  at  the  time  the  original  plat  was 
made,  then  known  as  the  church  yard,  and  as  such 
was  so  marked  on  the  plat. 

"This  said  old  grave  yard  now  in  use  and  correspond- 
ing as  to  situation  as  per  plat  annexed  is  situated  on 
the  East  side  of  the  Bull  Swamp  Road,  North  of  the 
street  marked  as  Russell  Street  on  plat,  which  is  the 

*"Agret'd  thiit  the  Kt-vd.  Mr.  Tur((iuiii(l  provide  a  Folio  iiible  &  ;i 
Conmioii  Prayer  Book  for  the  use  of  the  C'liappel". — IMiiuiles  of  Ves- 
try, July  (i,  1769. 

f'Afrreed  that  a  chappel  be  built  at  Belvelle  that  tlie  old  chureli 
neer  half  way  s\vain]i  be  rep^ured  Also  the  Ciiappel  neer  Campbells 
l)e  rei>air'd  that  Subscriptions  be  made  for  each  respectively  and 
tiiat  service  be  perforni'd  in  each  alternately". — Miiuitesof  Vestry, 
April  ITth,  17S(i. 

:i;Mr.  Sanniel  1'.  .Jones  iuid  a  cojty  of  tliis  plan  made  from  the  orif>i- 
iial  in  the  oflice  of  the  .Secretary  of  State,  from  this  Judge  Cllover  made 
a  copy  and  fro?n  .Judge  (ilovir's  copy  Mr.  Lucas  made  a  copy  which 
is  now  in  tiie  record  Ixiok  of  tlu'  Church  of  tiie  Iledeemer  in  Orange- 
tnu'tr. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  65 

same  street  as  that  on  which  the  present  brick  Court 
House  now  stands  say feet.  There  is  a  lot  be- 
tween the  grave  yard  and  the  Bull  Swamp  Road* 
which  corresponds  with  the  space  marked  for  public 
square.  This  said  lot  is  now  owned  by  the  Town 
Council  of  Orangeburg. 

"The  old  Court  House  of  wood  and  jail  of  brick  oc- 
cupied the  second  square  North  of  the  said  street  on 
which  the  new  Court  House  now  stands.  The  jail  was 
destroyed  &  another,  built.f  The  Court  House  still 
stands  having  had  many  changes  and  uses.  First  as  a 
church  for  first  one  and  then  another  denomination,  a 
masonic  Lodge,  black-smiths's  shop,  and  it  is  at  this 
present  time  in  good  order  and  repair,  &  is  owned  and 
used  as  a  residence  by  Mr.  John  Marchant.  This  said 
square  (C.  H.  «S:  Jail)  is  on  the  West  side  of  the  Bull 
Swamp  Koad  or  street  known  on  map  as  Broughton 
street.  There  is  no  other  grave  yard  nor  has  there 
been  any  other  known  in  this  village  except  this  one 
&  those  recently  opened  by  the  Methodist  ch.,  Luther- 
an, &  Baptist  and  not  as  yet  used  for  burials.;]:  The 
Catholic,  Presbyterian  &  this  Episcopal  Church  of  the 
the  Redeemer  has  grounds  in  use  not  older  than  10  to 
12  years. 

"Tradition,  as  well  as  facts,  has  marked  this  old  vil- 
lage grave  yard  as  the  grave  yard  and  the  spot  on 
which  stood  the  Prot.  Epc.  Church  known  in  the  Book 
of  Record  of  the  Revd  Jno.  Giessendanner  as  the 
Church  &  Churchyard  of  Orangeburgh  and  in  which 
he  officiated. 

"There  is  a  mound  of  earth  on  the  South  end  which 


""'Which  lot  has  siiicv  lnvn  (111t'<l  with  j>Tavt.'8,  mostly  of  iiffrrcK's. 
tUpoii  tlu'  site  wheiv  tho  First  Baptist  Church  now  stands. 
tThc  Methodist  and  Lutheran  churcli-yanls  were  never  use<l  as  hu- 
rial  <« rounds. 


66  THE  HISTORY  OF 

marks  the  spot  on  which  the  church  stood.  Many  old 
persons  recollect  hearing  this  called  the  Episcopal 
Church  yd.  &  show  this  mound  as  the  spot  on  which 
the  church  stood.  Mr.  Peter  Rowe,  an  old  gentleman 
near  86  years  old,  says  he  remembers  his  father's 
pointing  out  this  yard  &  mound  as  the  Chuich  & 
church-yard  of  this  Book  of  Record  by  Jno.  Giessen- 
danner's  church,  and  said  it  was  built  of  wood  »fc  clay 
in  same  manner  as  chimnies  are  done.  I,  J.  Lucas, 
have  examined  the  foundation  &  think  it  must  have 
been  built  in  some  such  manner  as  described,  as  no 
signs  of  brick  I  found,  &  should  think  it  to  be  about 
30  by  60  feet.  The  mound  I  cannot  account  for  ex- 
cept it  must  have  been  used  as  a  raised  earth  floor 
having  some  sort  of  foundation  to  keep  in  the  earth 
so  raised.     Dr.  W^}  Rowe  remembers  his  grandfather 

Jacob  Rickenbaker  aged years  &  now  dead  

years  to  say  that  this  was  the  Episcopal  church  «^' 
church  yard  as  per  Book  of  Record.  He  also  remem- 
bers &  so  does  Capt.  John  C.  Rowe  and  also  D.  Rowe 
a  bell  which  belonged  to  this  Church  of  Giessendan- 
ner  to  be  in  possession  of  their  grandfather  &  father 
also.  From  them  and  through  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  W. 
Tayler  I  learn  that  this  bell  was  borrowed  from  Mi'. 

Rowe  by  Mr.  Wm.  Murrowe  who  kept  a  hotel 

for  use  therein.  Mrs.  Caroline  Gramling.  formerly 
his*  widow  says  Mr.  Edward  Spencer  who  married  her 
sister's  daughter  got  it  from  her  first  husband  and 
hung  it  in  a  window  at  the  Methodist  Church  from 
which  it  fell  and  was  broken  so  as  to  be  useless.  It 
lay  for  many  years  where  it  fell.  Mr.  James  Harley 
remembers  seeing  it  so  lying  in  a  broken  condition  iV: 
thinks  it  was  made  away  with  by  a  blacksmith.  Mrs. 
(iramling  (maiden  name  Stroma n.)  says  she  remem- 

"Mr.  MuiTowo's. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY,  67 

beis  that  the  said  grave  yard  was  the  Episcopal  church 
3'ard  and  that  it  went' by  that  name.  Her  father  told 
her  the  bell  was  never  hung  owing  to  a  brake  in  the 
holding  part  or  head. 

''Mrs,  J.  W,  Taylor,  an  old  lady,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
W.  Tayloi',  remembers  that  this  ground  w^as  known  as 
the  Episcopal  churchyard.  Her  family  was  Episcopal. 
There  are  relics  of  the  former  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
shape  of  Prayer  books.  &c.  Mrs.  Arant,  an  old  lady, 
now  living  has  her  mother's  Prayer  book.  (Engll). 
The  said  Mrs.  Arant  was  born  in  1776  &  was  baptized 
in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Chris- 
topher Rowe  were  her  sponsors.  Mr.  Donald  Rowe 
and  also  his  brother,  Capt.  J  no.  C.  Rowe,  remember 
hearing  their  grandfather  Jacob  Rickenbacker  say  that 
this  was  the  gi-ave  yard  and  the  spot  on  which  was 
built  the  Episcopal  Church  of  this  Record  of  the  Rev*^ 
J.  Giessendanner.  The  said  Jacob  Rickenbacker  was 
the  son  of  the  first  Rickenbacker  that  came  to  this 
country  from  Germany.  The  lands  owned  by  their 
fathers  are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  Rowe  family, 
situated  by  and  near  this  village  in  which  the  family 
live  as  their  fathers  did  before  them.  Other  families 
are  still  living  in  and  on  the  same  places  as  their  fore- 
fathers before  the  Revolution.  This  district  was 
changed  but  slightly  in  many  instance.^  of  family 
names  &  residences. 

"In  tlie  grave  yard  of  Orangeburgh  Church  of  this 
Record  as  above  were  buried  Michael  Christopher 
Rowe  and  his  wife  and  many  of  his  family  after  him. 
Mr.  Peter  Kowe  has  also  informed  me  that  he  remem- 
bers the  bell  mentioned  before,  and  that  he  was  born 
before  Michael  Chi'istopher  Rowe  died  and  that  nuni- 
l)ers  of  the  members  of  families  still  continue  to  use 
this  grave  yard  as  the  place  for  family  burials  k  as  the 
ancient  phice  of  rest  of  their  forefathers. 


()S  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"The  Revd  J.  W.  Taylor  of  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church,  and  assistant  minister  of  this  Church  of 
the  Redeemer  in  Orangeburg-,  was  buried  in  this  old 
village  church  yard.  His  obituary  was  written  by  the 
Rev.  D.  X.  Lafar,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  who 
for  some  time  was  the  Paster  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Orangeburg,  in  which  he  calls  the  grave 
yard  'The  Old  Church  Yard.' 

"Capt  V.  de  V.  Jamison,  a  brother  of  Genl  D.  F. 
Jamison,  said  to  me  that  his  brother,  Gen'l  D.  F.  Jami- 
son, had,  &  and  perhaps  still  has,  in  his  possession  a 
prayer  book  belonging  to  the  late  Revd  John  Giessen- 
danner  which  was  presented  to  him  by  the  Bishop  of 
London, 

"The  Amelia  Chapel,  it  is  believed,  was  situated 
somewhere  near  the  plantation  of  Mrs.  Mary  Russell. 
Its  exact  location  may  be  yet  discovered.  The  Chapel 
ordered  to  be  built  by  an  act  passed  April  12,  1768, 
(See  Dalcho's  Church  History)  in  that  part  of  the 
Parish  called  Orangeburg  Township  was  never  built, 
no  evidence  remains  that  it  was.* 

"From  the  close  of  Dalcho's  History  service  Episco- 
pal was  very  seldom  held  here  &  few  and  far  between 
until  about  the  year  1848,  at  which  time  Rev.  R.  D. 
Shindler  became  a  missionary  at  this  place  &  resided 
in  this  village.        *        *        *        n;        *        *        * 

'■•Tliere  is  very  strong  evidence  that  it  w;is  huilt.  Frojii  tlie  niimites 
of  the  vestry  of  St.  Matthew's  Parisli  \ve  learn  that  at  a  meeting  of  the 
vestry  and  wardens  iiehl  at  tlie  parish  ehureii,  Oetoher  10,  177(1,  it  was 
"agreed  tliat  wlien  Mr.  Tunjiiand  receives  tliealnive  lie  do  purchasi- 
a  Folio  liihle  &  (|uarto  eonnnon  Prayer  Book  for  tlie  use  of  the  ehap- 
|>el  at  Orangehurgh".  And  Mr.  Lneas  hinisi'If  stated  that  Mrs.  Arant 
had  a  prayer  hook  used  by  her  inotiier  at  Orangehurgh,  and  tliat  Mrs. 
.\rant  herself  was  baptized  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  ('lunch,  and 
that  she  was  born  in  1770;  which  was  eight  years  after  17(iS.  Again, 
my  grandmother,  Mrs.  A.  S.  Salley,  tells  me  that  she  remembers  a 
part  of  an  old  church  stan<ling  in  the  old  cliurch  yard  when  she  was 
a  small  girl,  which  was  about  is;^"). 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  69 

"John  Lucas,  Sec.  &  Treas,  of  the  Church  of  the  Re- 
deemer, Octo.  31,  1806." 

It  is  singular  how  much  the  descendants  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Orangeburg  have  neglected  this  old  grave 
yard  in  which  the  bones  of  their  ancestors  lie  buried, 
and  in  which  stood  the  first  Lutheran  church  in  the 
Carolinas,  and  likewise  the  first  Episcopal  church  in 
Orangeburg,  and  in  which  also  stood  the  Episcopal 
rhapel  that  succeeded  the  old  church.  As  an  instance 
of  this  indifference,  it  is  related  by  Ex-Governor  Perry 
in  his  ''Sketches,"  p.  113,  that  when  Hon.  A.  P.  Butler 
was  a  young  man  he  went  to  Orangeburg  with  an  idea 
of  locating  there.  He  put  up  at  a  little  tavern,  and 
finding  it  quite  chilly,  he  ordered  the  negro  boy  who 
waited  in  the  house  to  bring  him  some  lightwood. 
The  boy  went  out  and  in  a  few  minutes  returned  with 
an  armful  of  grave  markers.  "Where  did  you  get 
those?",  asked  Mr.  Butler.  "Pull  'em  up  out  de  grave 
yahd",  answered  the  negro.  Mr.  Butler  thereupon 
decided  that  he  would  not  locate  among  people  who 
had  so  little  reverence  for  the  dead,  and  went  else- 
where. 

Section  3.  The  settleme)tt  of  Saxe-Gotha;  the  rondtflon 
of  the  settler.s;  their  spiritual  adviintages  and  dimd- 
vantages. 

When  Orangeburgh  District  was  formed  in  176S 
Saxe-ftotha  Township,  now  Lexington  County,  was 
included  in  that  district:  so  that  in  giving  the  history 
of  Orangeburgh  District  it  is  proper  to  include  the  his- 
tory of  Saxe-Gotha  Township  up  to  the  time  when  it 
was  separated  from  Orangeburgh  District  Mud  was  in- 
cluded in  Lexington  District. 

In  173^),  it  will  be  renjembered.  eleven  tovvnshi})s 
were  laid  off  on  the  banks  of  rivers  in  South  Carolina. 


70  THE  HISTORY  OF 

and  of  these  eleven  townships  two  were  laid  off  on 
the  Santee.  Or,  more  propeily,  on  the  Congaree,  a 
branch  of  the  Santee,  and  the  Santee.  These  were 
Amelia  and  the  township  which  up  to  1736  was  called 
Congaree  Township,  but  which  in  that  year  was  called 
Saxe-Gotha  by  Governor  Broughton. 

It  is  possible  that  there  were  a  few  unsettled  traders 
and  members  of  the-  former  garrisons  of  the  Congaree 
fort  settled  in  this  township  previous  to  1736.  The 
following  account  of  the  settling  of  Saxe-Gotha  Town- 
ship is  taken  from  Rev.  C  L).  Beriiheim's  History  of 
the  German  Settlements  in  the  Carolinas;  Section  11: 
(p.  126.) 

"In  Mills'  Statistics  of  South  Carolina,  page  611,  we 
have  the  following  statement  in  reference  to  Lexing- 
ton District  (now  County):  'This  District,  when  first 
settle'l,  was  merged  in  Orangeburg  precincts.  A  parish 
and  township  were  laid  out  in  about  the  year  1750. 
and  named  Saxe-Gotha,  in  compliment  to  the  first 
settlers  of  the  country,  who  came  from  that  part  of 
Germany.' 

"An  entirely  different  statefnent  may  be  found  on 
pages  25  and  26  of  Dr.  Hazelius'  History  of  the  xAmeri- 
can  Lutheran  Church;  from  which  we  learn  that  the 
name  Saxe-Gotha  originated  in  Queen  Anne's  time, 
and  that  the  first  settlers  of  that  county  "came  from 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Rhine,  Baden,  and  Wiirtem- 
berg,'  kingdoms  consideiably  removed  from  Saxe- 
Gotha. 

"But  from  the  Journals  of  Council,  in  the  office  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  State,  the  date  of  the  settlement 
of  Saxe-iiotlia  by  Germans  is  unmistakably  fixed  to 
be  1737,  and  that  few,  if  any,  of  the  first  settlers  of 
that  county  came  from  Saxe  (Jotha. 

"Council  Journal,  vol.  viii.  [>.  611:  'May  26th,  1742. 
— Petition  of  John  Casper  (iallier  and   family,  John 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  71 

Casper  Clieger  and  family,  John  Shalling  and  family, 
Abraham  Gie^er  and  family,  Jacob  Liver  and  family, 
Julius  Gredig  and  family,  Caspar  Fry  and  family,  Con- 
rad and  Caspar  Kiintzler  (now  Kinsler),  John  Jacob 
Bieman  and  family,  Herrman  Gieger  and  family,  Eliz- 
abeth Shalling  and  family,  showing  that,  as  they  ar- 
rived and  settled  in  his  Majesty's  Township  of  Saxe- 
Gotha,  even  since  the  year  1737,  and  received  his 
Majesty's  most  gracious  bounty  of  provisions  and  war- 
rants for  lands  in  Saxe-Gotha  Township,  but  that 
they  could  not  find  in  what  office  they  are,  therefore 
they  huml)ly  pray  his  Honor,  the  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor, and  his  Majesty's  honorable  Council,  that  they 
would  be  pleased  to  order  that  search  may  be  made," 
&c.,  &c. 

"Again,  under  date  1744,  'John  Jacob  Gieger  arrived 
seven  years  ago,  is  now  married,  and  prays  for  one 
hundred  acres  of  land  over  against  Santee  River,  op- 
posite Saxe-Cirotha,  where  he  has  already  begun  to 
clear  ground  and  almost  finished  a  house.  Granted'. 
Subtract  seven  years  from  1744,  and  we  have  again 
the  date  1737,  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  of  that 
township  by  Germans. 

''From  the  above  reliable  source  of  information  we 
evidently  perceive  that  Mills'  statement  is  entirely  in- 
correct, and  that  Saxe-Gotha  Township  was  laid  out 
and  received  its  name  long  before  the  year  1750,  as  it 
is  spoken  of  in  the  Journals  of  Council  as  early  as 
1742.  as  being  then  a  township  and  known  by  the 
name  Saxe-Gotha,  and  may  have  been  so  called,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Hazelius'  statement,  during  Queen 
Anne's  time,  previous  to  the  year  1714,  the  time  of 
her  Majesty's  death.  However,  the  Council  Journals 
likewise  prove  the  Doctor  to  have  been  mistaken  in 
stating  that  these  lands  were  wrested  fVom  the  Ger- 
iHdiis,  for  thev  settled  there,  and  their  descendants  are 


72  THE  HISTORY  OF 

there  still,  occupying  the  very  lands  which  their  fore- 
fathers had  received  l)y  warrant  from  the  king  of 
England,  showing  conclusively  that,  inasmuch  as  their 
titles  came  directly  to  them  fiom  the  first  legal  author- 
ity, these  lands  had  not  yet  passed  into  other  hands. 

"But  it  is  possible  that,  as  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
the  benevolent  Queen  Anne  did  make  grants  of  land 
for  church  and  school  purposes  in  Saxe-Gotha  Town- 
ship, which,  however,  could  not  be  occupied  at  the 
time,  as  the  settlements  in  South  Carolina  had  then 
not  been  extended  so  far  inland;  the  Indians  were  still 
in  possession  of  that  portion  of  the  province,  and  the 
grants  and  good  intentions  of  the  Queen  were  eventu- 
ally lost  sight  of  and  forgotten.  Afterwards,  when  the 
Germans  did  actually  locate  themselves  in  Saxe-Gotha. 
new  w'arrants  were  issued  and  secured  to  them  by  the 
authority  of  the  then  ruling  sovereign,  his  Majesty 
George  II. 

"Independent  of  the  actual  account  and  dates  of  the 
settling  of  this  township,  we  have  before  us  the  gener- 
al rule  that  'Westward  the  star  of  empire  takes  its 
way,'  and  that  the  farther  westward  or  inland  the  set- 
tlements were  made,  the  later  will  be  the  dates  of 
such  settlements.  This  is  the  result  of  natural  causes, 
and  admits  of  no  exceptions  to  the  well-known  rule: 
the  first  settlers  of  America  necessarily  located  them- 
selves along  the  seashore,  afterwards  a  little  more  in- 
land, whilst  the  aborigines,  living  in  the  forest,  gradu- 
•d]\y  receded  from  the  march  of  civilization;  then  fur- 
ther encroaches  were  niade  upon  their  territory,  and 
so  on.  gradually,  until  the  Appalachian  chain  of  moun- 
tains was  reached.  After  the  Revolutionary  Wai'  even 
the  mountains  formed  no  bai-rier  to  the  settlements  of 
the  whites,  and  thus,  in  a  short  tinu\  nearly  all  of 
America  became  populated,  even  bf^yond  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  73 

''Oningeburg,  South  Carolina,  was  settled  by  Ger- 
mans in  1735;  Saxe-Uotlia,  further  inland,  of  necessi- 
ty was  settled  still  later;  hence  common  sense  will 
admit  ot  no  date  of  permanei'it  settlement  earlier  than, 
or  even  as  early  as,  that  period  of  time. 

"Saxe-Gotha  comprised  nearly  all  that  portion  ot 
territory  eml)raced  at  present  in  Lexington  County, 
it  is  not  many  years  since  the  name  was  changed,  in 
honor  of  tlie  battle  of  Lexington.  Massachusetts,  by  an 
act  of  legislature,  which  was  a  most  unfortunate  ex- 
change of  names,  being  less  euphonic,  very  inappro- 
priate, and  altogether  unhistorical.*  Give  us  back  the 
the  old  name,  and  may  the  citizens  of  old  Saxe-Gotha, 
in  South  Carolina,  never  be  ashamed  of  their  German 
names  and  German  extraction. 

''How  the  name  originated,  as  applied  to  this  town- 
ship, it  is  in)i)ossible  to  state.  It  certainly  was  not  so 
called  in  compliment  to  the  Germans  who  settled 
there,  as  they  came  from  a  different  section  of  Ger- 
many; it  is  possible  that  the  name,  'Saxe-Gotha',  was 
applied  to  this  scope  of  territory  during  Queen  Anne's 
reign,  as  intimated  by  Dr.  Hazelius,  and  thus,  even  by 
name,  it  was  to  be  distinguished  as  a  future  home  for 
German  emigrants. 

"The  following  record  of  this  settlement  is  made  in 
the  Urlspergei  Reports,  vol.  iii,  p.  1791:  'Wednesday, 
December  2d.  1741.  We  had  heard  nothing  before  of 
Saxe-Gotha  in  America,  but  we  have  just  received  the 
intelligence  that  suidi  a  town  (township)  is  laid  out  in 
South  Carolina,  twenty-five  German  miles  (100  Eng- 
glish  miles)  from  Charlestown.  on  the  road  which 
l)asses  through  Orangeburg,  and  settled  with  German 
pef)ple.  Doubtless  the  majority  of  them  were  German 
Reformed,  as  they  have  a  Reformed  minister  among 
them,  with  whose  character  we  are  not  yet  acquaint- 

■Nor  w  MS  I  lif  lioiior  v\vv  tipprwiated  l»y  the  jK-ople  of  Massnchiist'tts. 


74  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ed\  This  minister  was  the  Rev.  Christian  Theus,  of 
whom  we  shall  say  more  hereafter.  He  comnienced 
his  labors  in  Saxe-Ootha  as  early  as  1730. 

"The  Geiger  families  and  their  neighbors  were  not 
compelled  to  remain  a  long  time  as  isolated  settlers 
in  their  new  homes;  the  name  Saxe  -Gotha  sounded  so 
agreeably  familiar  to  the  ears  of  the  Germans  that 
they  florked  in  numbers  to  this  Germany  in  America. 

''Besides,  a  certain  German,  named  Hans  Jacob 
Riemensperger,  contracted  with  the  government  to 
bring  over  a  number  of  Swiss  settlers,  many  of  whom 
he  located  in  this  township,  as  we  learn  from  Urlsper- 
ger,  vol.  iii.  p.  1808,  and  from  the  Journals  of  Council, 
on  several  different  pages.  In  addition  to  these  set- 
tlers, this  same  Riemensperger,  in  company  with  a  Mr. 
Haeg,  brought  a  number  of  orphan  children  to  Saxe- 
Gotha,  for  which  service  to  the  province,  as  well  as; 
for  the  boarding  of  the  children,  they  brought  in  their 
accounts  to  the  Council  for  payment.  Vol.  viii,  pp. 
69  and  70." 

The  following  extract  from  the  South  Caro/iiw  Ga- 
zette of  November  13th,  1736,  should  settle  the  question 
as  to  how  this  township  got  its  name,  and  set  at  rest 
the  differences  in  statements  given  by  various  South 
Carolina  historians  on  this  point: 

"His  Honour  the  Lieut:Governour*  having  been  de- 
sired to  visit  the  Townships  of  Amelia  Orangeburgh 
&  Saxe-Gotha.  so  named  by  liis  Honour,  k  before 
known  by  the  name  of  Congaree  Township,  in  ordei- 
to  settle  some  Inconveniences  complained  of  by  the 
[nhabitants  of  those  Townships,  did  after  the  adjourn- 
ment of  the  Genera]  Assembly  ^  when  the  Business 
of  the  Council  was  dispatched,  set  out  for  the  said 
Townships  on  the  10  October,  settling  all  matters 
to   the   entire   satisfaction   of  the   inhabitants   A:   re- 

'•'Brounliton. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  75 

turned  in  good  Health  to  bis  !<eat  at  the  Mulberry  on 
tbe  3d  November." 

As  Brougiiton  did  not  become  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  South  Carolina  until  1735,  the  tbeory  advanced  by 
some  historians  that  the  township  received  its  name 
in  Queen  Anne's  time  is  fallacious.  The  paragraph 
from  the  South  Carolina  Gazette  given  above  should 
settle  the  point  as  to  how  Saxe-Gotha  Township  got 
its  name,  but  just  why  Governor  Broughton  should 
have  given  it  that  name  is  a  point  yet  to  be  decided. 

Dr.  Bernheim,  on  p.  131  of  his  history,  writing  of 
the  settlement  of  Redemptioners,  says:  "Some  of  our 
best  and  most  useful  settlers  in  the  South  were  per- 
sons, w^ho,  too  poor  to  pay  their  passage-money  across 
the  ocean,  were  sold  by  the  captains  of  the  vessels, 
that  brought  them  to  America,  to  any  one  of  the  set- 
tlers who  felt  inclined  to  secure  their  labor.  The 
price  for  which  they  were  sold  in  Carolina  was  usually 
from  five  to  six  pounds,  sterling  money,  and  both  men 
and  women  were  thus  alike  sold  to  service;  and  then, 
by  hard  labor,  which  extended  over  a  period  of  from 
three  to  five  years,  they  eventually  redeemed  them- 
selves from  this  species  of  servitude. 

"The  advantages  of  such  an  arrangement  to  them 
and  to  their  adopted  colony  were,  upon  the  whole,  im- 
portant and  salutary. 

"1.  Our  infant  colonies  stood  in  need  of  a  useful 
population  which  would  prove  a  defence  to  the  coun- 
try in  case  of  the  execution  of  the  continued  threat- 
enings  of  a  Spanish  invasion,  and  the  sudden  attack 
of  hostile  Indians. 

"2.  Besides,  labor  was  greatly  needed  for  the  culti- 
vation of  the  virgin  soil,  and  these  poor  Germans — 
many  of  them  excellent  farmers,  some  of  them  useful 
artisans,  and  all  of  them  hard-working  people — fur- 
nished this  labor,  and  at  very  cheap  rates. 


76  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"3.  The  country  also  needed  permanent  settlers  who 
would  become  habituated  to  the  soil  and  climnte,  who 
would  learn  to  love  their  adopted  country,  by  being 
compelled  to  remain  until  they  had  fully  tested  all  the 
advantages  of  the  same;  these  the  Redemptioners 
abundantly  supplied  in  their  own  persons. 

"4.  Nor  were  the  advantages  to  them  of  slight  im- 
portance. They  had  nothing  to  risk  in  the  shape  of 
property,  as  they  possessed  nothing  of  this  world's 
goods,  and  thus  they  never  became  a  prey  to  those 
landsharks  which  often  despoil  the  less  sagacious  im- 
migrants of  much  of  the  possessions  which  they 
brought  with  them  to  America. 

"5.  Besides,  they  were  the  poorer  class  of  people  at 
home  in  Europe,  and  would  always  have  remained  in 
this  condition,  had  such  an  arrangement  not  existed: 
but  now  they  enjoyed  the  flattering  prospect  of  re- 
ceiving competency  and  wealth  at  some  future  day. 

"6.  Then  again,  their  servitude  became  their  ap- 
prenticeship in  America;  in  the  meantime  they  learn- 
ed the  English  language,  they  became  acquainted 
with  the  laws  and  customs  of  the  new  country,  they 
discovered  by  silent  observation  what  would  in  future 
be  to  their  advantage,  and  thus  in  every  w^ay  did  thej' 
become  qualified  by  sagacity^  industry,  and  economy, 
for  their  new  and  independent  sphere  of  life. 

"Yet  it  must  be  confessed  that  they  had  to  endure 
many  hardships;  often  were  they  rigously  treated  by 
their  ship  captains:  ill  and  insufficiently  fed  on  their 
voyage  across  the  ocean,  and  on  shore  before  thes 
were  purchased  for  their  services;  exposed  publicly 
for  sale  as  the  African  slave:  often  treated  harshly  by 
their  masters  who  purchased  them,  and  compelled  to 
labor  in  the  broiling  sun  of  a  southern  climate,  and 
many,  by  disease  and  death.  fre(|uently  closed  their 
short  earthlv  career. 


OUANGEBURG  COUNTY.  i ( 

^'However,  when  our  country  had  become  sufficient- 
ly popuhited,  the  government  interposed  and  put  an 
end  to  this  kind  of  servitude,  on  account  of  the  severi- 
ty of  the  lot  of  these  unfortunate  laborers,  and  thus 
abandoned  this  source  of  colonization.  In  confirma- 
tion of  these  facts,  the  follov^inj?  extracts  will  furnish 
abundant  proof,  and  are  herewith  submitted: 

'Mournals  of  Councils,  vol.  xiv,  p.  37,  January  24th, 
1744:  *Read  the  petition  of  a  considerable  number  of 
Protestant  Palatines,  most  humbly  shov^'ing  that  the 
poor  petitioners  have  been  on  board  the  St.  Andrew's, 
Captain  Brown  commander,  these  twenty-six  weeks 
past,  and  there  is  as  yet  no  likelihood  for  them  to  get 
free  of  her,  because  there  are  none  of  us  yet  who  have 
purchased  their  service;  they  therefore  humbly  pray 
his  Excellency  and  ^Honors  that  they  may  find  so 
much  favor  as  to  their  passages  that  a  sum  equivalent 
to  discharge  the  same  be  raised  by  the  government, 
for  which  they  promise  to  join  in  a  bond  to  repay  the 
same  within  the  term  of  three  years,  with  lawful  in- 
terest; and  that  if  any  of  them  shall  not  be  able  to 
pay  the  above  sum  within  that  time,  that  the  gov- 
ernment in  that  case  shall  have  full  power  to  dispose 
of  them  and  their  families  as  they  shall  think  proper, 
&c.     Ordered  to  make  investigations,  and  report.' 

"Vol.  xiv,  pp.  62  and  63:  'Several  Protestant  Pala- 
tines, who  arrived  hither  on  Captain  Brown's  ship,  and 
whose  services  have  not  as  yet  been  purchased,  sent  a 
complaint,  by  their  interpreter,  to  the  governor,  that 
the  said  Captain  Brown  had  often  withheld  their  diet 
from  them  on  board  his  ship,  and  that  they  had  been 
several  days  without  meat  or  drink;  particularly  that 
last  Friday  they  were  the  whole  day  without  any,  the 
least,  sustenance,  and  had  lieen  the  like  for  several  days 
before,  and  not  only  they,  but  all  the  rest  of  the  (Jer- 
mans  that  still  remain  on  board  Captain  Brown's  ship. 


78  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"'Captain  Brown  being  .sent  for  and  interrogated 
whether  he  had  used  those  foreigners  in  the  manner 
they  had  represented,  answered,  that  if  they  had 
asked  him  for  food  in  their  language  he  would  not 
have  understood  them. 

"'His  Excellency  oi'dered  the  captain's  steward  to 
be  sent  for,  who  attended  accordingly,  and  the  origi- 
nal contract  between  Captain  Brow^n  and  those  Pala- 
tines in  Holland  was  also  ^^eiit  for  and  laid  before  the 
Board,  which  being  read  and  the  particular  species  of 
of  diet  that  was  allowed  for  every  day  of  the  week 
specified,  his  Excellency  asked,  in  particular,  if  the 
said  Germans  had  been  fed  last  Friday  in  the  manner 
contracted,  for? 

"  'The  steward  replied  that  the  Cermans  would 
sometimes  reserve  the  taking  of  diet  on  certain  days 
in  order  to  have  double  allowance  another.  But  his 
Excellency  gave  Captain  Brown  to  understand  that  as 
he  was  by  virtue  of  his  contract  bound  to  maintain 
those  foreigners  till  they  were  disposed  of,  if  anj- 
shou'ld  die  for  want  while  aboard  his  ship,  he  must 
answer  for  their  lives;  after  w4iich  they  withdrew.' 

"The  accounts  of  the  trials  and  hardships  of  these 
persons,  as  narrated  in  the  Urlspergei'  Reports,  are 
entirely  too  numerous  to  be  inserted  in  these  pages: 
those  who  feel  inclined  to  search  for  themselves  aie 
referred  to  the  volume  and  page  of  those  lieports. 
where  they  can  find  all  they  desire  to  know  concern- 
ing the  Redemptioners.  Vol.  i.  p.  10:  vol.  ii.  pp.  2472. 
24S2,  2508.  How  the  Redemptioners  conducted  them- 
selves can  l)e  learned  from  vol.  ii,  pp.  211)3,  2200,  2218, 
2221.  2404,  2418.^'= 


•■('(>i)i«'s  of  tlic  rrls|H'r<iiT  Hf|)()rts  cMii  he  svcii  in  the  lihrMi-y  of  Ncw- 
licrr\-  ColUjii',  of  ill  tiic  Astor  Lilirnrv,  New  'S'()ri<  Citv. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


79 


*'The  following  extracts  indicate  that  many  such 
servants  were  sold  and  located  in  Saxe-Gotha,  and 
after  their  legal  discharge  from  servitude  they  obtain- 
ed the  king's  bounty  and  tracts  of  land,  the  same  as 
other  settlers. 

"Journal  of  Council,  vol.  xi,  p.  486:  'Petition  of 
John  Wolfe  and  wife,  natives  of  Berne,  Switzerland, 
too  poor  to  pay  passage-money,  entered  into  the  ser- 
vice of  Anthony  Stack,  of  Saxe-Gotha,  for  three  years, 
being  now  discharged  from  service,  prays  for  his  quota 
of  land  and  bonnty-money.  Granted,  on  evidence  of 
his  written  legal  discharge.' 

"Vol.  xi,  pp.  142  and  143:  'Fullix  Smid,  of  Switzer- 
land, servant  of  David  Hent,  lately  deceased,  dis- 
charged by  his  executors,  applied  for  and  received  150 
acres  of  land  and  bounty  in  Saxe-Gotha.' 

"It  is  useless  to  multiply  instances,  which  could  easi- 
ly be  done;  these  extracts  will  fully  show  the  correct- 
ness of  all  the  foregoing  statements,  and  that  Saxe- 
Gotha,  with  many  other  settlements,  received  her  full 
share  of  this  class  of  useful  settlers,  who  proved  to 
have  been  upon  the  whole  a  great  benefit  to  their 
adopted  country. 

"During  the  period  that  intervened  between  the 
years  1744  aiid  1750,  Saxe-Gotha  received  a  large  in- 
flux of  population,  and  much  of  the  available  land  of 
that  township  was  then  occupied.  The  vessel  which 
bore  them  across  the  ocean  was  the  ship  St.  Andrew, 
Captain  Brown,  commander,  who  doubtless  treated  his 
paying  passengers  well,  although  he  acted  so  unfeel- 
ingly to  those  who  were  to  be  sold  for  their  passage- 
money.  Mention  is  likewise  made  of  a  Captain  Ham. 
who  brought  other  tilerman  settlers  to  South  Carolina, 
but  whose  passengers  chiefly  located  themselves  in 
Orangeburg,  whilst  others  settled  in  Saxe-Gotha. 

"All  these  German  colonists  came  mostly  from  those 


80  THE  HISTORY  OF 

provinces  bordering  on  the  Rhine,  such  as  Switzer- 
land, Baden,  the  Palatinate,  and  Wiirtemberg.  They 
excelled  as  tillers  of  the  soil,  and  were  accustomed  to 
the  culture  of  the  vine,  and  thus  they  constituted  tlie 
very  class  of  people  which  did  become  greatly  service- 
able to  the  prosperity  of  C'arolina,  but  whose  influence 
upon  the  physical  welfare  of  their  adopted  county  has 
been  as  yet  little  noticed  by  the  various  historians  of 
the  South. 

"The  Saxe-Oothans  were  fortunate  and  blessed  in 
obtaining  the  services  of  a  pious  and  faitliful  pastor; 
all  the  records  extant  speak  in  the  strongest  terms  of 
praise  concerning  him,  but,  at  the  same  time,  all  agree 
in  stating  that  he  had  a  hard  life  of  it,  that  he  was  not 
appreciated,  that  he  was  often  persecuted  for  right- 
eousness' sake,  and  this  treatment  he  received  at  the 
hands  of  the  very  people  for  w  hose  good  he  labored 
and  prayed.  Two  years  after  the  first  settlers  set  foot 
upon  the  soil  of  Saxe-Gotha,  the  Rev,  Christian  Theus 
arrived  and  labored  in  their  midst;  and  as  these  set- 
tlers were  not  neglected  in  the  administration  of  the 
means  of  grace,  which  unfortunately  was  the  case 
with  many  others  of  the  early  colonists,  they  really 
had  no  excuse  for  their  conduct,  and  should  have 
treated  their  pastor  in  the  most  friendly  manner. 

"Dr.  Muhlenberg's  journal,  published  in  the  Evan- 
gelical Review,  vol,  i.  p.  540,  contains  the  following 
statement: 

"  'October  22,  1774.  This  afternoon  I  had  an  accept- 
able visit  from  the  Reformed  minister,  the  Rev.  Theus. 
of  the  Congarees  (C'ongaree  River),  in  South  Carolina. 
120  miles  from  Charleston.  His  brother  Theus.  a 
painter,  lately  deceased,  received  me  as  a  stranger 
most  kindly  into  hi;^  house,  when,  thirty-two  years 
ago,  1  travelled  through  here  on  my  journey  fioni  Sa- 
vannah to  Philadelphia,  and  afforded   me  an  opportu- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  81 

nity  to  preach  on  Sunday  to  the  then  yet  few  German 
faniilies.  The  Lord  requite  his  love  in  eternity!  The 
aforesaid  pastor,  Theus.  canie  with  his  parents  into 
this  countiy  from  Switzerland  as  a  candidatus  theolo- 
(jice,  w^as  examined  and  ordained  by  the  Reverend 
English  Presbyterian  Ministerium,  and  since  1739  has 
performed  the  duties  of  the  ministerial  office  in  the 
scattered  country  congregations  among  the  German 
Reformed  and  Lutheran  inhabitants,  and  has  conduct- 
ed himself  with  the  propriety  and  fidelity  due  his  sta- 
tion, according  to  the  testimony  of  capable  witnesses. 
We  had  agreeable  conversation,  and  he  promised  me 
a  written  account  of  church  matters  in  these  country 
congregations,  which,  moreover,  he  is  best  able  to 
furnish,  having  lived  longest  in  this  country,  and  being 
an  erudite  man.' 

"It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  'irritten  accoimf  of 
rinnr/f  n/fdters\  if  Dr.  Muhlenberg  ever  received  it,  has 
never  been  published;  what  interesting  material  it 
could  now  furnish  the  Church,  w^iich  must  forever  be 
buried  in  oblivion! 

"The  Doctor  continues:  'He  also  furnished  me  with 
a  more  detailed  description  of  the  sect  mentioned  Oc- 
tober 5th,  the  members  living  near  him.  At  a  certain 
time  he  came  unexpectedly  into  their  meeting,  and 
found  Jacob  Weber  contending  that  he  was  God,  and 
the  said  Smith  Peter  (or  Peter  Schmidt)  insisting  that 
he  himself  was  Christ,  and  that  the  unconverted  mem- 
bers must  be  healed  through  his  stripes.  Pastor  Theus, 
opposing  such  blasphemy,  the  leaders  became  enraged 
and  threatened  his  life,  and  couriselled  with  the  rab- 
ble whether  to  drown  or  hang  him.  He  escaped,  how- 
ever, from  their  hands,  fled  to  the  river,  and  fortunate- 
ly found  a  negro  with  his  canoe  at  the  shore,  spi-ang 
into  it,  and  was  conveyed  across.' 

•"Here  we  have  the  impartial  testimony  of  L'ev.  Dr. 


82  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Muhlenberg,  gathered  from  'capable  witnesses',  of  the 
parentage,  ordination,  date  of  ministry  in  Saxe-Gotha, 
piety  and  learning  of  the  Kev.  Christian  Thens,  up  to 
the  period  immediately  preceding  the  Revolution. 
This  brief  narrative,  coming  fi'om  such  a  source,  is  not 
only  entitled  to  our  entire  credit,  but  speaks  as  much 
of  that  devoted  man  of  God  as  though  a  volume  were 
written  to  perpetuate  his  name  and   memory. 

"Rev.  Theus  lived  to  be  an  aged  man,  for  we  discov- 
er his  name  in  the  list  of  members  of  the  'Corpus 
Evangelicum\  and  present  at  every  meeting  of  that 
body  until  the  year  1789,*  the  last  meeting  of  which 
the  records  are  still  extant.  How  much  longer  he  was 
spared  to  do  good  we  know  not;  but  from  the  dates 
which  are  in  our  possession,  he  had  at  that  time  been 
half  a  century  in  the  ministry  of  his  Savior. 

"His  resting-place  is  still  pointed  out  to  the  stranger, 
and  is  located  in  a  field  along  the  state  road,  between 
Columbia  and  Sandy  Run,  about  eight  miles  from 
Columbia.  It  is  the  only  grave  that  can  still  be  seen 
there,  and  tradition  says  that  his  dwelling  was  located 
not  far  from  that  graveyard.  Mr.  Abraham  Geiger, 
now  also  in  eternity,  erected  the  tombsome,  at  his 
own  expense,  at  the   head   of  liev.  Theus'  grave,  to 

*This  fact  seems  Mot  to  have  l)een  taken  eojiiiizance  of  bv  the  Pro- 
vincial Assembly  in  ITW,  for  on  the  27tli  of  January  of  that  year,  an 
Act  was  passed  for  paying  the  ministers  of  tiie  several  parishes  in 
South  Carolina,  and  in  the  third  section  of  that  Act  the  following- 
provision  occurs:  "Whereas,  the  iniiabitants  of  the  Congrees,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Waterees,  have  never  had  any  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel to  preach  and  perform  divine  service  among  them,  Br  It  there/on 
reacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  the  public  treasurer  of  this 
Province  for  the  time  being  shall  pay  to  such  minister  of  the  gospel 
of  the  established  church  as  shall  statedly  preach  and  perform  divine 
service  at  Saxegotha,  or  such  other  centrical  place  in  the  Congrees  as 
the  commissioners  hereinafter  named  shall  direct,  and  six  times  a 
year  at  least,  at  tlie  most  populous  places  within  forty  miles  of  the 
same,  the  sum  of  seven  hundred  jjounds  current  inone.N  jier  annum". 
—Stats,  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  iM. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  b6 

perpetuate  his  inemory.  Had  Mr.  Geiger  not  perform- 
ed this  labor  of  love,  the  church  and  the  world  would 
never  even  have  known  where  the  first  pastor  of  Saxe- 
Gotha,  the  contemporary  of  Giessendanner,  Bolzius 
and  Gronau.  had  been  laid  down  to  rest.  The  inscrip- 
tion is  now  much  defaced  by  the  hand  of  time,  and 
can  scarcely  be  deciphered;  nevertheless,  we  are  thank- 
ful for  this  much,  and  would  wish  that  we  could  gath- 
er similar  mementoes  of  the  resting  places  of  all  of 
the  first  German  ministeris  in  the  South.*  The  in- 
scription reads  as  follows: 

"'This  stone  points  out  where  the  remains  of  Rev. 
Christian  Theus  lie.  This  faithful  divine  labored 
through  a  long  life  as  a  faithful  servant  in  his  Master's 
vineyard,  and  the  reward  which  he  received  from  many 
for  his  labor  was  ingratitude.' 

*'Rev.  J.  B.  Anthony,  one  of  the  late  pastors  of  San- 
dy Run  Lutheran  Church,  adds  yet  this  information, 
published  in  the  Lutheran  Observer.  A.  D.  1858: 
'Among  the  octogenarians  of  this  vicinity  we  have 
not  been  able  to  learn  much  more  of  Mr.  Theus  than 
the  rude  stone,:  now  standing  in  a  vast  cotton-field, 
records.  Few  now  living  recollect  to  have  seen  him. 
No  records  of  those  early  times  are  known  to  exist.f 
The  small  school-house,  which  is  said  to  have  stood 
near  his  grave,  has  long  since  disappeared.  A  few 
other  graves  are  said  to  be  here,  but  as  no  stones  can 
be  found  in  this  sandy  section  to  place  at  the  head  and 
foot,  lightwood  knots  are  frequently  substituted  by 
the  poor,  hence,  when  these  decay,  there  is  nothing 
left  to  mark  the  place." 

*The  hiirial  pliices  ot  the  two  (liesst'iidamiers  are  uiikiiowii.  It  is, 
liovvever,  retisonahle  to  supi/osc  that  tlu'V  were  buried  in  the  old  Ei)is- 
eopal  ehiircli  yard. 

tTlie  luinie  of  Cliristiaii  Theus  occurs  several  times  in  tlie  Giessen- 
danner record. 


84  THE  HISTORY  OF 

''The  spiritual  and  moral  condition  of  the  Saxe- 
(rothans  is  not  very  highly  extolled  in  the  Urlsperger 
Reports.  Rev.  Bolzius,  who  gives  us  the  account, 
may  have  been  somewhat  prejudiced,  inasmuch  as  his 
Ebenezer  colony  had  lost  some  runaway  white  ser- 
vants, who  probably  concealed  themselves  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  Congaree  River,  and  in  several 
pages  of  his  diary  he  berates  both  the  Saxe-Gothans 
and  the  government  of  South  Carolina  that  they  were 
not  returned;  thus,  perhaps,  his  human  feelings  were 
too  much  enlisted  on  the  side  of  prejudice  and  inter- 
est whilst  speaking  of  these  people.  We  insert  the 
following  extract: 

''Urlsperger  Reports,  vol.  iv,  p.  672:  'Wednesday. 
April  25,  1750. — The  German  Evangelical  Lutheran 
inhabitants  of  Congaree,  in  South  Carolina,  which 
new  settlement  has  been  named  Saxe-Gotha,  had  be- 
sought me,  several  months  ago,  to  come  to  them  and 
preach  for  them,  and  administer  the  Lord's  Supper. 
I  sent  them  books  suitable  for  the  edification  of  adults 
and  the  instruction  of  children,  and  wrote  them  that 
my  circumstances  did  not  permit  me  to  make  so  long 
a  journey.  Now  I  have  received  another  letter,  in 
which  the  former  request  is  renewed,  and  in  which 
they  likewise  beseech  me  to  assist  them  in  the  erec- 
tion of  a  church  and  in  obtaining  a  pastor.  They 
have  a  congregation  of  about  2S0  souls,  who  could  at- 
tend church  if  the  house  of  worship  were  erected  in 
the  midst  of  their  plantations. 

'•'The  Reformed  have  received  500  pounds.  Carolina 
currency,  from  the  government,  which  amounts  to 
something  moi'e  than  500  guilders,  for  the  building  of 
a  church,  but  no  one  is  interested  for  the  Lutherans, 
unless  I  would  do  something  in  theii'  behalf.  They 
live  with  the  Reformed  in  great  disunion,  at  which  1 
showed  my  displeasure  in   my  former  letter.     A   few 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  85 

families  have  removed  from  this  place  among  them, 
who  might  have  supported  themselves  very  well  here: 
afterwards  three  adult  youths  were  persuaded  to  leave 
their  service  here,  and  two  (white)  servants  ran  away, 
all  of  whom  are  harhored  in  the  Congaree  settlement. 
The  citizens  themselves,  as  a  Cai-olina  minister  once 
wrote  me,  lived  disorderly  among  each  other,  and  es- 
timate their  Reformed  minister  very  low.  I  have  no 
heart  for  this  people.  If  they  were  truly  concerned 
about  God's  word,  then  so  many  unworthy  people 
would  not  have  located  in  their  midst,  as  there  are 
other  places  where  good  land  and  subsistence  may  be 
obtained. 

'"In  this  very  letter  they  inform  me  that  they  have 
built  both  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill,  and  expect  to 
build  more  of  the  kind.  Why  then  should  they  be  un- 
able to  erect  a  house  of  worship  if  they  were  sincerely 
in  earnest?' 

"The  above  record  in  Bolzius'  diary,  published  in 
the  Urlsperger  Reports,  is  in  strict  accordance  with 
the  testimony  of  Dr.  Hazelius  on  the  Weberites- — 
which  sect  arose  some  ten  years  later, — with  Dr.  Muhl- 
enberg's account,  with  the  inscription  on  the  tomb- 
stone on  Rev.  Theus,  and  with  several  living  witnesses, 
who  were  contemporaries  with  many  old  citizens  of  a 
former  day.  whose  narratives  they  still  well  remem- 
ber. 

"Whilst  many  of  the  Saxe-Gothans  were  not  devoid 
of  blame,  and  deserved  censure  in  those  days,  there 
were  others  whose  life  and  conduct  were  praiseworthy, 
and  others  who  were  devotedly  pious,  and  who  were 
anxious  to  enjoy  the  blessings  of  the  means  of  grace, 
and  it  is  sad  that  Rev.  Bolzius  permitted  his  feelings 
of  interest  for  his  own  colony  to  cause  him  to  act  so 
unfriendly  toward  this  people,  and  to  send  no  kind 
wo](l  of  encouragement  to  them,  when  they  besought 


8()  THE  HISTORY  OF 

him  to  visit  them  and  break  to  their  hungry  souls  the 
bread  of  life.  Who  knows  what  good  he  might  have 
accomplished  by  a  friendly  visit?  Who  knows  what 
future  evil,  e.  g.,  that  Weber  heresy,  he  might  have 
been  the  instrument  of  preventing?  Besides  all  this, 
he,  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  and  of  like  persuasion 
with  these  people,  had  no  right  to  withhold  his  influ- 
ence and  sympathy  from  iwo  hioidred  and  eightif  souls, 
(we  are  surprised  at  so  large  a  number)  who  extended 
such  a  Macedonian  call  to  him,  and  besought  him 
twice  to  interest  himself  in  their  behalf  in  procuring 
a  minister  for  them,  who  were  almost  as  sheep  with- 
out a  shepherd.  Who  could  calculate  the  influence  the 
Lutheran  Church  would  have  exerted  in  those  regions, 
had  this  large  congregation  been  properly  cared  for, 
and  supplied  with  the  means  of  grace?  Besides,  had 
Rev.  Bolzius  been  instrumental  in  securing  a  pious  and 
efficient  pastor  for  them  at  that  early  period,  and  this 
pastor,  laboring  side  by  side  with  Rev.  Theus,  how 
much  that  faithful  servant's  hands  would  have  been 
strengthened,  and  how^  much  good  seed  might  have 
been  sown,  springing  up  to  everlasting  life,  v^diich 
would  have  entirely  changed  the  spiritual  and  moral 
condition  of  this  people.  Deprive  men  of  the  Gospel 
and  the  Sacraments,  take  away  or  refuse  to  give  them 
the  benign  influences  of  Christianity,  and  we  need  not 
be  astonished  at  'disorderly  living'  and  heresy  in  doc- 
trine. 

Jji  *ri  H-  -T*  -i-  'h  -l*  •i»  '1' 

"The  present  citizens  of  old  Saxe-Gotha,  now  Lex- 
ington County,  are  an  entirely  different  people:  their 
forefathers  could  not  prevent  unworthy  settlers  from 
locating  themselves  among  them.  Many  of  those  de- 
praved men  met  an  untimely  death  in  the  war  with 
the  Cherokees;  a  few  perished  miserably  at  the  hand 
of  adniinistrative  justice;  others  were  cut  off  h\  dis- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  87 

ease  and  an  earl 3'  death:  whilst  a  number  moved  to 
other  parts  of  the  country.  It  is  exceedingly  doubtful 
whether  many  of  those  reprobates  left  their  descend- 
ants behind  them  in  Saxe-Gotha,  ^s  all  traces  of 
Weber  and  Schmidt  have  entirely  disappeared. 

"We  have  seen  that  Rev.  Theus  came  to  the  Con- 
garee  settlement  in  the  year  1739.  In  what  building 
he  first  preached  is  unknown,  but  arrangernents  were 
soon  made  for  the  erection  of  a  church.  As  early  as 
1744-5  John  Jacob  Riemensperger  petitioned  the  gov- 
ernment of  South  Carolina  to  do  something  toward 
the  erection  of  churches  and  school-houses  for  the 
German  settlers  in  various  localities;  otherwise  they 
would  continue  to  do  what  many  had  done  hei-etofore, 
move  with  their  families  to  Pennsylvania,  where  all 
these  advantages  could  be  enjoyed.  That  the  govern- 
ment entered  into  such  arrangement  we  have  already 
seen  from  the  Urlsperger  Reports,  for  five  hundred 
pounds  currency  was  donated  for  the  building  of  a 
German  Reformed  Church,  w-hich,  we  presume,  had 
been  completed  at  that  time,  A,  D.  1750,  and  the  peo- 
ple were  enjoying  the  means  of  grace  in  their  new" 
house  of  worship.  Tradition  informs  us  that  this  Ger- ' 
man  church  stood  near  the  spot  where  the  remains  of 
Rev.  Theus  are  deposited,  but  it  has  long  since  been  no 
more.  We  now  turn  to  an  ancient  map  of  South  Car- 
olina, originally  published  in  1771  and  1775.  and  re- 
cently reprinted  in  'Carroll's  Collections".  Near  the 
Congaree  River,  a  short  distance  below  the  confluence 
of  the  Saluda  and  Bioad  Rivers,  and  in  the  township 
of  Saxe-Gotha.  a  church  is  laid  down,  bearing  the 
name  St.  John's,  This  substantiates  all  the  above- 
mentioned  records  and  traditions,  gives  us  the  exact 
locality  of  that  church,  which,  in  the  proper  propor- 
tion of  distances,  would  be  the  very  spot  where  the 
grave  of  Rev.  Theus  can  still  he  seen,  and  fuiiiishes. 


88  THE  HISTORY  OF 

furthermore,  the  name  by  which  that  church  was 
known.  This  house  of  God  njust  have  been  destroyed 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  as  all  traces  of  the 
same  after  that  period  appear  to  have  been  lost;  it  is 
not  mentioned  in  the  general  act  of  incorporation  of 
all  the  German  churches,  passed  by  the  legislature  of 
South  Carolina  in  1788. 

"During  the  years  1759  and  1760.  the  people  of  Saxe- 
Gotha  suffered  greatly  from  the  ravages  of  the  Chero- 
kee war.  During  the  time  that  the  French  and  Eng- 
lish were  at  war  with  each  other  in  the  colonies  of 
America,  which  however  did  not  reach  as  far  South  as 
the  Carolinas;  the  French  instigated  the  Cherokee  In- 
dians to  make  war  upon  the  peaceful  settlers  of  the 
two  Carolinas,  who  murdered  the  white  inhabitants 
at  midnight,  whilst  they  were  wrapped  in  their  j^eace- 
ful  slumbers,  and  committed  atrocities  at  which  hu- 
manity shudders.  The  Congaree  and  Fork  settlements 
were  then  mostly  exposed  to  the  fearful  inroads  of  the 
savages,  as  but  few  settlers  were  living  further  in  the 
interior  than  the  Germans  were  at  that  time.  Bolzi- 
us  informs  us,  that  many  were  compelled  to  take 
refuge  among  the  Germans  at  Ebenezer  and  Savan- 
nah, whilst  others  fled  for  safety  to  Charleston,  Purys- 
burg,  and  other  places,  until  those  Indian  hostilities 
were  ended,  and  peace  and  security  was  again  re- 
stored."* 

On  pp.  16S-{)9  of  his  book.  Dr.  Bernheim  makes  this 
significant  remark:     "The  Newberry  County  Germans 


*It  appears  from  certain  passages  in  tlie  (iiessendanner  record  that 
the  inhabitants  of  Oranj>eburg^li  Townsliip  also  liad  some  fears  of  In- 
dian ontrages,  and  that  many  of  them  collected  toj^ether  in  forts  or 
block-houses;  (See  baptismal  entrys  Nos.  (ill,  (il(>,  (517,  (i24.)  and  that 
at  least  one  ({erman  citizen  of  ()ranfie))nrfih  Townshij),  John  Whet- 
stone, .Tr.,  served  in  tln' exitedition  ajiaiiist  the  Cherokces.  (See  No. 
lOo  on  burial  list.  ) 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  89 

were  mostly  all  descendants  from  the  original  German 
settlers  in  Saxe-Gotha 'Township,  with  an  occasional 
addition  from  the  German  settlements  of  North  Caro- 
lina and  Virginia."  Dr.  Bernheim  should  have  placed 
Orangeburgh  Township  along  with  Saxe-Gotha.  An 
examination  of  the  Giessendanner  record  will  show 
that  many  of  the  names  thereon  obtain  in  Newberry 
and  Saluda  counties  to-day. 

During  the  Revolutionary  War  many  of  the  Hessian 
hirelings  of  the  British  army  deserted  and  became  per- 
manent settlers  in  this  country.  Dr.  Bernheim  says, 
p.  174:  "Among  these  Hessian  deserters  was  one  who 
afterwards  became  a  Lutheran  minister  in  South  Car- 
olina, named  John  Yost  Miitze,  known  better  as  Rev. 
•J.  Y.  Meetze,  and  whose  history  was  obtained  from 
one  of  his  sons.  He  deserted  near  Charleston  at  the 
time  the  British  army  was  besieging  that  city  from 
the  othei-  side  of  Ashley  River;  he  was  pursued  some 
thirty  miles,  but  finally  made  his  escape  over  Bacon's 
bridge,  where  he  was  safe  within  the  American  lines. 
He  located  himself  in  Saxe-Gotha  Township,  now 
Lexington  County,  six  miles  above  the  present  county- 
seat,  and  became  the  forefather  of  a  large  and  influ- 
ential family  in  that  section  of  the  country.  The  fol- 
lowing tablet  inscription  marks  the  spot  where  his 
remains  now  repose: 

"  'Sacred  to  the  memory  of  the  Rev.  J.  Y.  Meetze, 
who  departed  this  life  May  7th,  1833,  aged  76  years, 
5  months,  and  5  days.'" 

Section  4.      The  seffkrs  of  Barnirelf. 

That  portion  of  Orangeburgh  District,  afterwards 
embraced  in  Barnwell  District,  also  received  a  share 
of  the  German  settlers,  as  Dr.  Bernheim  says,  by  the 
breaking  up  of  the  Dutch  colony  on  James  Island,  the 


00  THE  HISTORY  OF 

gradual  absorption  of  the  unsuccessful  German  and 
Swiss  colony  at  Purysburg,  aud  the  influx  of  other 
German  settlers  from  Orangeburg  County." 

The  same  section  also  received  many  settlers  from 
Virginia.  In  this  connection  the  following  extract 
from  "Memoirs  of  Tarleton  Brown.""  p.  8,  will  be  of  in- 
terest: "Flattering  inducements  being  held  forth  to 
settlers  in  the  rich  region  of  South  Carolina  contigu- 
ous to  the  Savannah  River,  and  my  uncle,  Bartlet 
Brown,  having  already  moved,  and  settled  himself 
two  miles  above  Matthew's  Bluff,  on  the  Savannah 
River;  my  father  brought  out  some  negroes,  and  left 
them  with  his  brother  to  make  a  crop:  and  in  1769.  a 
year  afterwards,  my  father  and  famil3%  consisting  of 
eleven  persons,  emigrated  to  this  country  and  settled 
on  Brier's  Creek,  opposite  to  Burton's  "Ferry.  We 
found  the  country  in  the  vicinity  very  thinly  inhabit- 
ed. Our  own  shelter  for  several  weeks  to  protect  us 
from  the  weather  was  a  bark  tent,  which  served  for 
our  use  until  we  could  erect  a  rude  dwelling  of  logs."' 

General  Johnson  Hagood  is  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  Tarleton  Brown  probably  has  more  de- 
scendants in  Barnwell  County  to-day  than  any  other 
man  who  ever  lived  in  that  county.  Among  the  other 
natives  of  Virginia,  early  settled  in  the  same  section, 
were  the  Wriaht  and  Erwin  families. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  91 


CHAPTER   II. 

THE  GIESSENDANNER  RECORD. 

Almost  every  South  Carolina  historian  who  has 
mentioned  Orangeburg  has  spoken  of  the  Giessendan- 
ner  Church  record-book,  but  Dr.  Bernheiui  is  the  only 
writer  who  has  gone  beyond  a  mere  mention  of  the 
fact  that  this  record-book  existed.  What  Dr.  Bern- 
lieim  has  said  of  this  interesting  work  has  already 
been  given  in  these  pages. 

After  the  death  of  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  in  1761, 
his  son  Henry  cahie  into  possession  of  the  book,  and  a 
fevv^  scattering  records  were  made  by  him.  After  his 
death  the  book  fell  into  the  hands  of  his  second  wife, 
who,  previous  to  her  marriage  to  Henry  Giessendan- 
ner, was  the  widow  Larey;  and  through  her  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  her  son,  Daniel  Larey.  Daniel  Larey  left 
it  to  his  daughter,  Mrs.  M.  B.  Tread  well,  of  Orangeburg. 
Mrs.  Treadwell,  after  keeping  it  for  many  years, 
turned  it  over  to  the  late  Mr.  John  Lucas,  Senior 
Warden  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer  (Episcopal)  at 
Orangeburg,  and  Mr.  Lucas,  after  making  a  copy  of  it, 
turned  it  over  to  the  Diocese  of  South  Carolina,  and  it 
was  deposited  in  the  Episcopal  Library  in  the  small 
building  in  the  rear  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  on  Anson 
Street  in  Charleston.  It  was  there  that  the  M^ritei- 
tirst  saw  the  book,  and  copied  it  by  permission  of  Rev. 
A.  R,  Mitchell,  Secretary  of  the  Diocese  of  South  Car- 
olina. Since  then  Bishop  Capers  has  had  the  book  re- 
turned to  Mrs.  Treadwell  at  her  request. 

The  lK)ok  appears  to  have  been  an  ordinary,  but 
substantial,  blank  book,  over  which  Rev.  John  Gies- 


92  THE  HISTORY  OF 

sendanner,  or  8ome  subsequent  keeper  of  the  hook, 
had  stretched  a  raw-hide  binding  and  sewed  it  on  with 
thick,  twisted,  white  chord.  It  is  in  a  very  dihipidated 
condition;  some  of  the  pages  being  torn  in  half,  and 
numerous  pages  have  been  lost. 

It  is  evident  that  the  first  Oiessendanner,  who  began 
to  keep  the  record  in  the  fall  of  1737,  and  kept  it  un- 
til his  death,  the  latter  part  of  1738,  kept  it  in  a  differ- 
ent book;  for  when  his  nephew  began  to  keep  the  re- 
cord in  1739  he  says  that  the  record  kept  by  his  uncle 
has  been  copied  from  the  old  book  into  the  new,  and 
after  giving  the  record  kept  by  his  uncle,  he  begins 
his  own  record.  The  record  kept  by  the  elder  Gies- 
sendanner  and  most  of  that  kept  by  the  younger  be- 
fore his  trip  to  England  for  ordination  was  written  in 
German,  and  the  records  here  given  for  that  period 
are  from  translated  notes  made  by  Dr.  Bernheim,  and 
others,  for  Mr.  Lucas;  and  possibly  some  of  them  were 
made  by  Henry  Giessendanner,  as  the  papers  appear 
to  be  of  different  ages,  (some  appeal'  to  be  very  old) 
and  in  different  handwritings,* 

The  parts,  preserved  and  translated,  of  those  rec- 
ords kept  up  to  the  time  when  the  younger  Giessen- 
danner went  to  England  are  very  meagre  and  scatter- 
ing, but  those  kept  after  his  return  are  very  complete. 
It  is  doubtful  if  there  was  a  church  record-book  kept 
in  the  Province  at  that  time,  that  is  as  complete. 

The  3'ounger  Giessendanner  started  to  keep  all  of 
the  records  of  marriages,  births,  and  deaths  in  one 
book  and  divided  the  book  equally  into  three  parts 
and  kept  the  marriages  in  the  first  part,  the  births  in 
the  second  part  and  the  deaths  in  the  third  part.  His 
record  before  his  departure  for  England  only  covered 


*I  hnvo  lu'iird  tluit   Dr.  liMchiiiiiri  traiislMtcd  some  (tf  tlu'  (u'rni:m 
I'words  into  Kiii>lisli  tor  Mr.  Lm-as. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  93 

a  few  pages  in  each  part.  After  his  return  from  Eng- 
land he  continued  with  the  record,  but  the  record  of 
one  part  usually  took  up  more  than  its  allotted  space, 
so  that  he  would  have  to  run  it  over  a  few  pages  be- 
yond the  record  of  the  next  part  and  continue  it  there- 
from. On  this  account  it  requires  some  patience  to 
get  the  records  straight. 

I  give  the  record  as  nearly  like  the  original  as  I  can, 
with  the  style  of  spelling,  punctuation  and  abbrevia- 
tions unchanged.  The  following  is  the  imperfect 
translation  of  the  incomplete  record  kept  in  German 
by  Rev.  John  Ulrick  Giessendanner,  and  by  Rev.  John 
Giessendanner  l)efore  his  departure  for  England: 

"Catalogus  Conjugatorum. 
"This  Book  contains  the  names  of  all  those  who 
were  Married  and  Baptized  by  me  in  Orangeburgh  in 
Public  as  well  as  in  Private  &  herein  accurately  Re- 

"John  Ulrick  Giessendanner. 
"Minister." 

"Anno  1740. 

"This  Book  should  be  carefully  preserved  that  those 
who  may  wish  to  know  of  their  family  may  find  it  in 
the  Book  of  Record." — John  Giessendanner,  the  young- 
er. Then  follows  a  quotation  from  Genesis  2  Chap.  18 
v.  "And  the  Lord  said  it  is  not  good  for  man  to  be 
alone  1  will  make  a  help  meet  for  Him":  then  follows 
anothei'  passage  from  12S  Psalm  and  another  from 
Hebrews  13.  4. 

"Here  follows  a  Register,  or  List  of  such  persons  as 
were  married  and  joined  together  in  matrimony  by 
my  predecessor  cV:  Uncle,  deceased,  and  now  in  Heaven. 
This  register  is  copied  from  the  old  Book  into  this 
new  one — word  for  word  accurately— as  he  wrote  and 
kept  it.** 


94  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Anno -1737- 

jstiy.  J  have  on  24  Oct|^  by  request  of  Major  Motte — 
&  two  Englishmen — who  are  Majors — and  at  their  own 
Risk  and  Responsibility  Married  in  the  house  of  M^i' 
Price  a  widow — in  the  Village  of  Beystein — a  Posses- 
sion of  the  English  Crown.  Joseph  Russel  to  Mrs. 
Margaret  Russel.  Her  maiden  name  was  Price.  The 
Major  read  the  marriage  service  in  English  in  my 
presence. 

2^  3  Novl  Was  publicly  married  &  joined  together 
in  Matrimony  Simon  Sanger  to  Miss  Barbara  Strow- 
mann. 

3^">'  Nov.  15  I  John  Ulrick  Oiessendanner  got  mar- 
ried— in  presence  of  many  witnesses — to  my  house 
keeper  who  for  26  years  served  in  our  house  &:  who 
from  affection  and  to  escape  family  troubles  followed 
me  over  the  ocean — &  to  prevent  &■  obviate  any  cause 
offence  or  scandel  I  married  her.  privately.  Major 
Motte  read  the  marriage  service.  May  Jesus  unite  us 
closely  in  love,  as  well  as  all  faithful  married  people, 
and  cleanse  and  unite  us  with  himself.    Amen. 

[4]  26Janyl73S  Married— Jacob  Pruncen  to  Miss 
Barbara  Fusters  Lawful  daughter  of  Johannes  Fusters. 

[5]  31  Jany  1738  Following  Persons  married  Peter 
Grimmer  to  Dorothea  Huber  Lawful  daughter  of  Jo- 
hannes Huber — In  Zim merman ns  Daughters  house. 

[6]  Elias  Schnell — son  of  Henry  Schnell  to  Anna 
Barbara  Meyer — John  Meyer  daughter. 

[7]  24  Feby  John  Shaumloffel  to  Anna  Maria  widow 
of  Nicolas  Dirr. 

[8]  12  April.  1  have  married  in  presence  of  English 
&  (ilerman  witnesses — after  3  times  i)ublishing  the 
Banns  (t  in  presence  of  the  congregation  of  our  Church 
Christian  Meyers — Johannes  Meyers*  Lawful  son  to 
Rebecca  Young — William  Youngs  daughter  fi-om  Hol- 
land— Johannes  Myers  from  Switzerhmd. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  95 

No  9.  John in  Amelia  Township,  Miss  Nessa 

Wolf. 

The  foregoing  is  all  of  the  elder  Giessendanner's 
record  that  is  given.  The  following  is  the  younger 
Giessendanner's  record : 

Anno  1740. 

Jay  1^  On  New  Year  Day 

By  3  Public  publishments  of  Banns,  at  3  different 
Places — and  after  Service  was  over — The  following  got 
mari'ied  that  day — 

\i  John  Jacob  Meyer  a  lawful  son  of  Mr.  Henry 
Meyer — To  Miss  Anna  Bustrin.     (Buser.) 

21'  Privately,  Mr.  Conrad  Alder  to  Mrs.  Anna  Burgin, 
widow,  in  Her  own  House — Her  former  Husband  was 
Henry  Ricken baker — after  the  Banns  hath  been  3 
times  published. 

3 — Privately  in  Her  own  house  in  presence  of  sever- 
al witnesses — Jacob  Pier  Hans  Fridig  and  Jacob 
Kuhn — The  following  two  persons  were  married — Mr. 
Benedict  Kollerto  Magdalina  Springin — Mr.  Johannes 
Springin's  law^ful  daughter. 

(4)  3  Jany  that  is  on  Thursday  after  3  times  publ. 
publicly  in  a  large  congregation.  Banns,  Mr.  Richard- 
Horsfort  &  Miss  Barbara  Diedrick,  that  is  Mr.  John 
Diedrick's  lawful  daughter. 

(5)  The  14  Jany.  at  sun  set  in  Mr.  Henry  Schnell's 
house  after  3  times  publication  in  German;  &  once  in 
English  language  Mr.  Benjamin  Carter  in  Amelia 
Township  to  Rebecca  Murphy. 

(6)  The  3^1  Feby.  The  following  persons  were  after 
Pul)lication  John  Julius  Tapp  son  of  Christian  Tapp 
to  Anna  B.  Hergersperger  widow — maiden  name  Kese- 
birnger. 

(7)  (This  entry  is  obliterated.) 

S.   Thomas  Joyner  and  Faithy  Carse    In  Amelia. 
9.   Joseph  Batford  and  Eugenia  Carse    in  Amelia. 


96  THE  HISTORY  OF 

10,  Lewis  Men  tier,  and  N.  N. 

11,  Joseph  Greiter  to  Susanna  Shuler, 

12,  Mathias  Keller  to  Maria  Handshy. 

13,  Henry  Rickenbacker  to  Anna  Diel. 

14,  Jacob  Wannaniaker  to  Susan  Shuler. 

(16)*  Anno  1740,  Thursday  10,  Decbr.  married  after 
usual  publication,  Hans  in  the  Villagef  to  Magdalene 
Piercy  maiden  name  Bush. 

(17)  Jacob  Wolf  to  Veronica  Fluhbacker,  widow,  k 
daughter  of  Hans  Domin. 

(18)  (This  entry  is  obliterated.) 

(19)  January  12  on  Tuesday,  married  Kilian  Abeck- 
lin  to  Maria  Schwartz.  Witness,  Hans  Freydigs,  &: 
Christian  Schwartz,  published  2  times, 

(20)  Joseph  Cuttier  to  Maria  Sahly,  Witness  Hans 
Diedrick  jun.  Hans  Freydig,  Henry  Wurtz,  and  Joseph 
Robison. 

}:Thursday  14,  April  married  (after  two  times  pub- 
lishing) private  Joseph  Hasforts,  nickname  Cooper.** 

(21)  William  Smith  to  Abigail  Shannon,  Witness 
Richard  Hasford,  Thos.  Morys,  James  Merrimans,  John 
Jennings  etc. 

(22)  Wednesday  1,  July  Married  in  Capt.  Harn's 
house,  John  Hamelton  to  Catharine  Myers,  widow  etc. 

(23)  Anno  1741.  Thursday  3  Septbr.  in  Mr.  John 
Hearns,  Esqr's  house  marriedft     ("See  book"):|:.'{; 

(24)  Tuesdaj^  19,  Novbr.  njarried  privHt  after  once 
publishing  (Jhrist.  Schwartz  to  Elizabeth  Fustei'in. 
widow,  in  presence  of  Kilinn  Abecklin,  John  Fuster 
and  2  children. 

(25)/  Sunday  22   Decbr,   private,   once  publish.   Ed- 

*There  wns  no  No.  \F,  in  tlic  liook.  fTlie  groom  soenis  not  to  have 
li:i(l  :i  siirntmn'.     jXot  niiinheivd,     **Wonijin's  iianR'  not  jiivcn. 

tt<)l>lit<'r!it('(l.  ttTn  Mr.  Lucas's  copy,  now  the  ]iroi»crty  of  the 
Churcli  of  the  RcdconuT,  is  the  rest  of  this  entry,  as  follows:  "James 
I'endarvis  to  CatluTine  Riunph  witness  .Tolin  Hearn  .John  Pearson 
.lolm  Haninielton  .lolm  l)ie<Iricks.Iohn  Daniitis  Hohert  WhKelonls". 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  97 

wai'd  Gil)Son  to  Susanna  Schwai-tz,  Witness  Christian 
^  Joseph  Schwartz  »t  John  Soudevecker. 

(26)  Tuesday  81^.^  I)e<*bi-.  private  married  in  Amelia 
Township.  Joseph  Lyons  to  Barbara  (lartnian,  widow, 
witness  Benjamin  ("arter. 

(27)  Wednesdey  1.  Jany  in  Amelia  Tovvnshi[»,  mar- 
ried Joseph  Joyner  to  Miles  Jackson,  ("see  book")  Wit- 
ness John  Hanimelton.  John  Fairchild,  Richard  Has- 
fort.  William  Martins.  Thomas  -lackson. 

(28)  On  Sunday  25.  April   married  .lohn   Pearson  to 

Mary  Witness  J(din  Hearns,  Adin  Froj^at  &  Ja- 

<cob  Wanna  maker,  etc. 

(29)  Thursday  IS.  May  married  publi(dy  ( Jiristian 
York  to  Miss  Barbara  Heym  Witness  Henry  Wurtz. 
Henry  Straumann,  Hans  Roth,  Peter  Hurger. 

(30)  Thursday  25,.  married  privately,  Peter  Grieffous 
to  Anna  Otto,  witness  Peter  Hurger.  &  Jacob  Kuhner. 

(31)  Sunday  IS.  (duly)  married  John  Jacol)  Strau- 
mann to  Anna  Margaretta  S(duiumloifel  Witness.  Hen- 
ry Wurtz,  Henry  Straumann,  Peter  Hurger,  &  Hans 
in  the  village. 

(32)  Monday  6lll  fall  month  (Sept.)  married  John  At- 
kinson to  Sarah  Cartel-,  Witness  Joseph  Lyons.  Miles 
Jackson.  Lewis  York  Chris  Stean. 

Anno  1742.  

(38)  Thursday  12.  Snmer  month  (Oct()l)er)  married 
Hans  (Jeorg  Henry  Hess,  to  Miss  Catharina  Magdalena 
Shuler.  Witness,  Peter  Hurgei".  Mi(diael  Larry.  Valen- 
tia  Justus  Elias  Schnell. 

(84)   Tuesday  30  Winter  month  (November)  married 
John    liiabnet  to  Miss  Margnretta    Xegly    Witness — 
Hans   Danner.  Simon    Sanger — Wardz    Henry   Strow- 
mann  cV  Isaac  Otto. 
J745* 

"•■For  s('\i'i:il  vcMis  tlic  iiianiMiic  records  twv  lost. 


98  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(100)  13  Novbr.  got  nmrried  Joseph  Abraham  Schwerdt 
to  M^  Elizabeth  Souderecker  Witness;  Georg  sen,  & 
Jacob  Giessendanner. 

(101)  1745/6  Monday  18  Jany.  nianied  Johann  Chev- 
illette  to  Mi's.  Susanna  Hopperditzel.  Witness.  Joseph 
Robinson, 

1746/7   Saturday  7  Feby 

Philip  Jennings  &  ElizMbeth  Late  Hasfort  Witness — 
Joseph  Hasforts,  Frogat,  Brand  Pendarvis  &  Lucas 
Wolf.  

Thursday  19  Feby  married  Thos.  Jones  to  Elizabeth 
Davis,  Witness.  Samuel   Wright  ('apt.  Thompson  etc. 


Ditto  Melchior  Ott  to  Mrs.  Anna  Barbara  Zangerin 
Witness,  Peter  Maurer,  Sr.  &  Henry  &  Jacob  Friger, 
Hans  Huber,  Henry  &  Jacob  Straumann. 

Febry  24,  Martin  Kooner  to  Mary  Joyner.  Witness 
Nathan  Joiner,  Ja's  Cars,  Francis  Kooner. 

A.  D.  1739 

(1)  Dec.  25,  The  following  children  were  Baptized: 
Johannes  Stetzel,  son  of  George  &  Maria-Linden  Stet- 
zel.  Sponsors  John  Diedrick  &  Miss  Barbara  Hueden. 
Born  Octob  27,  1739. 

(2)  Anna  Hugin — Legitimate  ch  of  Theodore  Hugin 
&  Magdalin  Balmarin — Spons.  Johannes  Dolch,  &  Sn^ 
Barbara   Heinein    formerly    Hoeffertin — Mrs.   Agnes 
Diebuebdin  formerly  Ininjlin — Born  on  the  12  of  Nov. 
1789. 

(8)  Margai-et  Whetstein,  Mr.  Johannes  Whetstein  A: 
Mrs.  Anna  Freauenfaederin's  legitimate  son.  Spons. 
Jacob  Bruel  Mrs  Margaret  Bruel  formerly  Miss  Brin- 
golt  A:  Mrs.  Susannah  Hepj)erdittel — foi-merly  Mrs 
Acker.   Born  July  S.  1789. 

A.  1).  1740. 
|41    Oil  the  first  day  of  January   was  ba[itiz(Ml    Mai'- 


ORANGEBLTRG  COUNTY.  99 

^aret  Kollerin— child  of  M^  l^enedk't  Kollei-  &  Mrs. 
Magdalin  Spriugen.  Sponi:  Mr.  Jacob  Thieren  &  Mr^ 
Regina  Kricheii  formerly  Mrs.  Brant  Mr«  Margretta 
Frydigin  foriiiei-lv  ^li.ss  Bolleriii — was  Born  14  Nov. 
1739. 

(5)  In  Mr  Hemy  I{i<-kenl»ac-ker's  house  privately 
baptized— on  the  7  Mar<di — Henry  Rickenbarker  child 
of  Henry  Hickenba(dver  A:  Mrs  Anna  Denl.  Spon:: 
.Josei)h  Robinson — Atina  Maigerett *  «t  others. 

(6)  On  Sunday  25.  Api'il  —  by  baptism  admitted  into 
the  church  Margaretta  Legt  (diild  of  Henry  Hauscig 
&  his  wife  Spons — Margretta  Bachrden.  &  Magdelin 
Acker. 

(7)  Monday  *2()  A })ril— Privately  Bajttized  t]dward 
Freeman  Shnellgrove.  L  son  of  Fi-eeman  Shnellgrove 
♦t  his  wife  8pons  Peter  Horger — Johannes  Wettstein 
Anna  Wettstein. 

(S)  April  27  Tuesday  was  baptized  Pegina  Barbara 
Legt  child  of  Mr.  Christopher  Rowe  (t  His  wife.  Spons 
Henry  Sneller,  John  Bi-uderer,  Regina  Jutsig  S:  Miss 
Barbara  Ho  nig. 

(9)  S  of  May  Publicly  Baptizen  William  Siceceals, 
Brand  Pendarvis  »t  Mrs  Anna  Ro. 

A.  D.  1741. 

(10)  On  the  Eastei-  Sunday — were  baptized  in  pres- 
ence of  the  whole  congregation  John  Meyer.  Legiti- 
"niate  child  of  Hans  Jacob  Meyer  »t  Anna  Huester— 
Spons — John  Frittstein  »t  Ulrick  Buester  «t  Mis  Bar- 
liara  Horsfort,  formerly  Miss  I)iedrick>. 

(11)  On  the  Sunday  24  May  was  W_  Hans  Henry 
Strauman  Legit  (diild  of  Mr.  Henry  Straiiman  ^-  Mrs. 
C'atharin  Strauman  formerly  ^liss  Horger  in  [n-esencc 
of  Spon':.  Mr.  Simon  Saenger.  Verona  Freydig. 

(12)  On  Sunday  31  May  was  Baptf-  Johannes  Wett- 

-•■()l>litcr:itc<l. 


100  THE  HISTORY  OF 

stein.  Legi.^  child  of  Mr.  Johannes  Wettstein  &  Anna 
Wettstein  formerly  Miss  Fi-aeuenfelder  Spons — Mr. 
Johanness  Acker — Hans  Jacob  Meyer  &  Anna  Barbara 
Laessig  forjnerly  Miss  Kessel ringer. 

(13)  On  Snnday  5  July  was  Bapt^l  Willian)  Robin- 
son. Legil  child  of  Mr.  Kobinson  &  wife.  Spons — Mr 
Hans  Danners,  David  Rnnipfer  Elizabeth  Rothig —  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  of  the  Church  of  England  &  Book 
of  Co  mm  (HI  Prayer. 

(14)  Monday  14  Sept^was  Baptized  Privately  Anna 
Maria  Margretta  Diedricks — Leg  child  of  Mr.  Johannes 
Diedricks  &  His  Wife — Sponi:  Henry  Wuertzer  Peter 
Hurger,  Margret  Koenig,  formerly  Hessig — &  Margret- 
ta, Laehryig — formerly  Bodenerig. 

(15)  21  Sept  Monday  evening  Privately  Baptized 
Robert  Pue  Legt  child  Mr.  Gavin  Pue  &  wife — Spons — 
Michael  Christopher  Rowe,  John  Lucy  Wolff  &  Sertina 
Wolff. 

(16)  27  Sept  on  Sunday — was  Publicly  in  the  Eng- 
lish Language  Baptl  John  Jones — Leg  child  of  Mr. 
John  Jones  &  wife  Spons.  John  Pearson  Richard  Has- 
fords  &  Barbara  Hasford. 

(17)  Oct<^  15.  On  Thanksgiving  day  Baptized  on 
Barnard  Elliott's  Plantation.  Elizabeth  Linder,  Legt 
child  Mr.  Ludwig  Linder  &  wife — Spons.  Mr.  Ulrick 
Giessendanner  Elizabeth  Reigchig. 

(18)  Dec';  30  was  baptized  by  me  in  Amelia  Town- 
ship Privately  William  Harrys  Legt  child  William 
Harrys  and  Mary  Brood  Spon^.  Elias  Teat  Benjamin 
Carter  &  Rebecca  Carter. 

(19)  Ibiden In  same  Place 

On  Thursday  31  decl  1741  Baptiz  William  Weekly 
Leg  child  Thomas  Weekly  ^  His  wife  Spon — Freeman 
Shnellgrove  W  Camn.el  &  Mi's  ('ammel. 

Anno  1741/2  On  Snnday  25  April  by  Baptisen  ad- 
mitted into  th(^  church  MMigiiictta  i-cgt  child  of  Hen- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  101 

ry  Hauscig  and  bin  wife  Spons  Margretta  Bachrgen  & 
Magdalen  a  Acker. 

Monday  26  Apiil  Privately  Baptized  Edward  Free- 
man Snellgrove  LeglH  son  of  Freeman  Snellgrove  and 
bis  wife  Spons  Petei-  Hogan  Johanna  Wettstein  and 
Anna  Wettstein. 

April  27  Tuesday  was  baptized  Regina  Barbara 
Leg"it  ebild  of  Mr  Mi<'bael  Christopher  Row  and  his 
wife — Sponsors  Henry  Sneller,  John  Bruderer  Regina 
lutsey  Miss  Barbara  Honig 

M  May  Publicly  Baptized  William  Leg!  child  of 
Jacob  Wannenmacker  &  his  wife  Sponsors  William 
8iddal,  Brand  Pendarvis  and  Mrs  Anna  Row 

Anno  1742. 

June  25  on  Sunday.  I  Baptized.  Henry  my  own 
Leg.  child.  Ulrick  Giessendanner  &  my  wife  Barbara 
formerly  Miss  Hugg.  Spons-Mr.  Henry  Wurtz.  Mi- 
chael 1  •  •  •  ^''.v  Anna  Rohrig  formerly  Miss  Diedricks 
w'hich  child  came  to  ligliton  Saturday  afternoon  June 
1742.     In  the  Sign  of  the  Twins. 

At  the  Same  time  Baptized  Hans  Michael  Legt  child 
of  Re  .  .  .  vs  &  his  wife  Feldgnig  Spons.  Hans  Iin- 
dorfl'.  Michael  Barry  <t  Regenia  Kuchin. 

On  Sunday  5  July.  Jacob  Danner  son  of  Hans  Dan- 
ner  and  Barbara  his  wife,  was  Baptisen  Spons;  Hur- 
ger  &  Michael. 

1748. 

Sunday,  The  U)  Haynionth  (July)  is  baptized  in  the 
(Hi  Bottes  a  (diild  called  (Hiristian.  lawful  child,  Mr. 
Henry  Fausseii  »t  his  wife  Anna  Maria  (by  witness) 
John  Julius  Tappier.  Christian  Roth  ^  Maria  Christi- 
anna  his  wife 

Sunday  the  IP''  Fallnioiith  (Sept.)  is  admitted  by 
baptism  to  the  holy  Coujuiunioii  in  the  ( 'liurcdi  Pottes. 
Maria  Elizabeth,  lawful  child  of  Mr  Jacob  Strauman 


102  THE  HISTORY  OF 

&  his  wife  Anna  Margfuvtli.  b.y  witness  Henry  Wurtz  k 
Maria  Elizabeth  Shauniloffel  &  Mrs  Barbcira  Zangerig-. 

Sunday  14  April  1745  is  baptized  in  the  Church 
Bottes — Elizabeth,  lawful  child,  Mr  Henry  Giessen- 
danner,  &  bis  wife  Barbara,  maiden  name  Hurger. 
Witness  are  Johann  Chevillette.  Mrs.  Barbaj-a  Zanger- 
in,  maiden  name  Straumann  k  Mrs  Margareth  Inabi- 
net,  maiden  name  Negely.  'llw  cliild  was  horn  Sun- 
day morning  about  one  hour  before  day  the  27  day 
of  January  1744/5  in  the  syn  of  the  Ram. 

Anno  1745  The  2\^  August  is  baptized  in  the 
Church  Bottes,  Henry,  lawful  Child,  Mr.  Henry  Faust. 
&  Anna  Maria  (witness.  Henry  Heim.  Joseidi  Krauter 
&  Anna  Roth,  his  wife. 

Anno  1745  The  29  tal^uionth  is  baptized  in  the 
Church  Bottes* 

Augt.  17.     (1746.) 

xAdmitted  to  the  holy  Connnunion  in  the  presence 
of  the  Congregation  the  following  infants,  Maria,  law- 
ful daughter  of  Mathias  &  Maria  Keller,  (Witness) 
Henry  Reich  man  n  &  wife  Mrs  Anna  Mai'ia  Markly  k 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Reich. 

Ditto  as  above. 

Anna  lawful  daughter  of  John  k  Anna  Eberly.  (Wit- 
ness) Louis  Reich  &  Mrs.  Anna  Margaretha  Beltzer. 

Decbr  14/46 

Benedict  lawful  son  of  Ben('<lict  Kollers  and  his 
wife  Magdalena  (Witness)  Isaar  Hotto,  Bartholome 
Spring  iV  his  wife  Margaretha. 

Ditto  Decbr  25/46 

John  lawful  son  of  Mr,  (leorg  Hessys  and  his  lawful 
wife  Anna  Catharina  (Witness)  Michael  Christopher 
Row,  Nicolas  Shuler  c^-  Mrs  Anna  liickenba«d\('rin.  ».V: 
Mrs  Magdalena  of  the  village. 

•'Nnnic  not  ^ivcii. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  103 

Jan  y.  1/47. 

Joseph,  lawful  son  of  Jo8e[)h  K renter  &  his  wife  Su- 
sannah (Witness)  Jacob  Porter.  Joseph  Huber,  &  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Rothin  &  Mrs  Anna  Elizabeth  Biegehnann. 

Febry  1  /7  Samuel  (lawful  son  of  Samuel  Davis  &  his 
wife  Salome  (Witness)  Michael  Christopher  Row  Abra- 
ham Ysseuhut  &  Mrs  Verena  VV^urtzer. 

Dl>  Margaretha  lawful  daughter  of  Louis  Reichen  & 
his  wife  Elizabeth  (Witness)  Jacob  Giessendanner  & 
Mrs  Agues  (xiessendanuer  it  Mrs  Margaretha  Row. 

Febry  8.  At  Mr.  Thonias  Jones's  House.  Thomas, 
son  of  Johu  Jones,  and  Hannah  his  wife,  Deceased,  he 
was  before  lawfully  baptized  by  private  Baptism  by 

at  Stono  was  now  only  signed  with  the 

sign  of  the  Cross  (Witness)  Eugenia  Jones,  &  George 
Pou. 

Feby  3  1747  In  the  House  of  Ml  Thomas  Jones. 
Eugenia  daughter  of  John  Jones  and  Hannah  his  wife 
deceased.  Goss.  Joseph  Jones,  Patience  Faure  &  Eu- 
genia Faure. 

Ditto.     In  Domo  Predicti 

Thomas  son  of  Peter  and  Ann  Grieffous:  Goss.  John 
Jones  Eugenia  Jones  and  Thomas  Jones. 

March  \^  In  the  house  of  Mr  Thomas  Foi-t,  Jcdm 
son  of  Leonhard  and  Sarah  Warnedow  Goss  John 
Fitz  Mrs  Lammons  and  foi-  w^ant  of  another  the 
mother 

March  Sill  Frederick  Son  of  dohn  ».V  Ann  Wolf:  Goss 
Henry  Woortzer,  Thomas  Wolf  Agnesia  W.  late  widow 
of  Lewis  York  deceased. 

Ditto  Isham    Peter  Pi-ant.  son   of  Thomas  and 

Ann  Maria  Ebei-Jiard:  (ioss:  Peter  Moorer  dun'' 
Prancis  Kooner  and  dgft  Dorothea  Weistine 

1747  March  15!il  Samuel,  son  oi  Joseph  and  MargaiM^t 
Grietibus.  (loss  Mi(diael  Christopher  liow  i^4(M-  Hot- 
tow  an<l  Irsula  Pendarvis 


104  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Ditto. 

Baptized  Maivh  15  Curl  Si  Anna  Hotto  LawfuII  son 
Sponsors  Joseph   Huph  ^'  wife  Anna  Ma- 


ria Outtier  and  Jacob  Uickenbaker 

Ditto. 

Magdalena-^  «fe  Kegel  Lachrie  Lawful  Daughter 
Sponsors.  Johann  in  the  old  tield  Mrs  Barbara  (iiessen- 
danner  and  Mrs  Magdalena  Koller 

March  20  1747  Baptized  BaUlhasar  bwful  Child  of 
Mr  John  Inabnet  and  his  wife  xMargai'et  Born  March 
I21]2  Spons  Hans  Balsiger.  Hans  of  the  Village  Mrs 
Verona  Wartzer 

1747 

Thursday  14  April  Baptized  ii]  Henry  Scdinell  house 
Catharina  Magdalene,  Adan]  k  Margaretta  Schnell 
lawful  Child  Spons  George  Kotgen  iV:  Jacob  (liessen- 
danner  Miss  Magdalene  Hoi-ger  and  Mrs  (.'atharina 
Wanamaker 

1747  Tuesday  April  14  Baptized  in  the  House  of 
Henry  Schnell  Henry  son  of  Jacob  &  Catharina  Wan- 
amaker Spons.  Henry  Schnell  Sen''  &  Johannes  and 
Mrs  Margaretta  Schnell. 

Ditto — Catharina  Barbara  George  and  Christina 
Barbara  Kotgein  lawful  daughter  Sponsors  Henry 
Schnell  &  Barl)ara  Schnell  «.V:  Jacob  and  Catharina 
Wannamaker 

Ditto — Henry  son  of  John  »!v:  Ksther  Jones.  Goss, 
Henry  Schnell  Sen''  Henry  Horger  JunH  Adam  Snell 
and  Barbara  Lyons 

Sunday  19  April  at  Holy  Easter  Baptized  .\nna 
( 'hristine  Barbara  Ni<'olas  and  Christine  Law4"ul  daugh- 
ter Sponsors  Jacob  Kuhnen  Mrs.  Anna  Hickenbacker 
iV:  Mrs  Barliara  Heini 

1747.  Sunday  the  2S  Hayinonth  (July)  is  baptized 
in  the  Church  Bottes.  Johannes  lawful  (diild   Mr  Jo- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  105 

hail  11  Ulrick  d!  lessen  dan  iier  &,  wife  Barbara  maiden 
name  Hiigg  (Witness)  Johannes  A  maker  Geo  Giessen- 
<hiuner  cV:  Mrs  liegel  Larey,  maiden  name  Kochin.  The 
child  was  born  Friday  morning  about  2  hours  by  day 
the  first  day  in  May  Anno  prodicte  in  the  syn  Twins- 

Sei»t  2«»  1747 

Baptized  John  son  of  Thomas  and  Eugenia  Jones. 
Sponsors  John  and  Mary  — —  John  Wood* 

1747  Sept  William.  Son  of  William  and  Mary  Har- 
ris. Goss  John  Gusseand  Barbara  &  Peter  Hook  Magda- 
len Hook  Barbara  Giessendannerf 

Nov.  15  1747  Rec^i  into  Christ  Church  Abraham 
son  of  Abraham  and  Mary  Yessenhoot:  Goss  Jacob 
Rumph  Peter  Hugg  &  Anna  Dattwyler  Born  Sept  29 


174S 

April  24  Baptized  John  son  of  Brand  and  Arketta 
Pendarvis,  Goss  Michael  C  Kowe  Lucas  Wolf  Ann 
Rose 

On  W^ednesday  August  3  1748  Baptized  George 
Henry  son  of  Leopold  Clausand  W.  A  his  wife  Goss 
Henry  Snell  Sen'"  George  Giessendanner  JunI  Phil- 
lipina  Regina  Yutzy  and  Fritchman. 

1748  August  25  Baptized  one  child  name,  Susannah 
Mr  Joseph  &  Susannah  Kreiter  s  lawful  daughter 
Sponsors  Jacob  Roth,  Hans  Balziger  &  Susannah  Hu- 
ber  jfe  Mrs.  Susannah  Fryday 

Ditto  John  son  of  Phillip  &  Elizabeth  Jennings 
Sponsors  Goss.  John  Jennings  Hasford  and  Abraham 
Ursella  Pendarvis- 

174S  Septeml)er  25^''  Baptized  Felder:  Ixn-n  Sept  8 
son  of  Henry  and  Maria  Elizabeth  uxorsegas  spon- 
soi's  Jacob  Giessendanner,  Jacob  &  Lovisia  Horger. 

•This  fiitry  was  on  tlif  inside  covcj- of  tlu>  book,  and  may  not  be 
concft  as  to  dates. 

tTiiis  is  a  di'taclifiJ  iMitry,  hut  hcioiias  hciv,  cvidciitlN. 


10()  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Oct2  2  Johann  Matthias  Petri  et  Anna  uxorsejiis 
Sponsors  Henrick  Wartzer  Joseph  Kreider  Barhara 
Giessendanner  and  Agues  Giessendanner 

Oct2  9-  Baptized  Johann  Jacob  Henreick  and  Catli- 
arina  Strawmann  uxoris  ejus  Sponsors  Henrick 
Wartzer  Michael  Row  Elizabeth  Roth  &  Mnrgaretha 
Row 

This  closes  up  the  record  kept  by  Rev.  John  Gies- 
sendanner before  his  departure  for  England.  The  fol- 
lowing list,  made  out  in  English  in  the  handwriting 
of  Rev.  John  Giessendanner,  is  recorded  in  the  hook: 
and  was  doubtless  made  out  by  him  shortly  after  he 
returned  from  England,  as  it  is  evident  from  the  posi- 
tion it  occupies  in  the  book  that  it  was  njade  out  at 
an  early  day,  as  the  recording  preceeding  it  caught  ui? 
with  it;  thus  placing  it  in  the  midst  of  the  record  of 
births  kept  in  English  after  his  return  from  P^ngland, 
By  comparing  it  with  the  translated  i-ecord,  already 
given,  of  the  mairiages  performed  by  Rev.  John  Gies- 
sendanner before  his  trip  to  England,  it  will  be  seen 
that  it  is  made  up  from  those  records.  It  contains  some 
marriages  not  given  in  the  German  record — probabl\^ 
because  the  pages  containing  the  record  (in  German) 
of  those  particular  marriages  have  been  lost.  At  any 
rate  this  list,  translated  as  it  was  by  the  Rev.  John 
Giessendanner  himself,  is  a  valuable  snpplenuMit  to 
the  translated  record  already  given: 

A  List  of  all  those;  w^io  have  been  n.arye<l  iiy  me 
John  Giessendanner.  V.  D.  M. 

i    Mr.  John  Ohevillette  Esq";  Jan:  l:^ti.  l745/(>.  To  Su- 
sannah Ffepperditzel.   Widow. 
2    George    Giessendanner    -Inn-. To    Agnes     hiedricli. 

Widcm. 
8   Jacob  Wolf.  1740.  KM'i  Dec'.'.'' To  \'t'roiiica  Toninien. 

Widow. 
4    Jacob  Wolf-  -  -  -To  Appollonia  Sliuler. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  107 

5   Hans  iiii  Dorff  1740.  10^.^  Dec'.""  To  Magdalene  Pier- 
en.  widow. 
()   .lacob  Wannenniadier.  .  -To  Catharina  Shuler. 

7  John  Kitchin-  .   To  Barbara  Pfund.  widow. 

8  Samuel  Davis     To  Salome  Fuster. 

9  Henry    Felder   1747.    Dec;   15.  To  Mary   Elizabeth 

Shauniloftel 

10  John  Fairy  1743.  Febr:  5^.1'  To  Ann  Yssenhut. . .  • 
U    Christian    Thwartz    1741.     To    Elizabeth    Fuster. 

widow.  Nov.  19tii 

12  John  Simmons-  .  .     To  Catherina  Zorn,  widow. 

13  John  Fuster- -  •     To  Sirrah  Hatcher. 

14  John  Cleaton  - .  -   To  Sirrah  Fuster.  widow. 

15  James    Pendarvis    1741..To    Catherina     Rumph. 

Sept!!.!-  34 

16  John    Pearson    1742... To    Mary    Raiford.    April 

25  V.'. 

17  John     Hammilton     1741.. To     Catherina    Myers. 

Widow.  July  l!^ 
IS   Thomas  Puckridge.  .  .To  Catherina  Pfund. 

19  Jacob  Roth  .  ■  •  -To  Catharina  Ygly.  widow. 

20  George  Gatz  -  •    -  To  Ba  rbara  N.     widow 

21  Hans  Jacob  Strauman   1748.    To  Ann  Margareth 

Shaumloffel  July  IS^l' 

22  Hans  Jacob  Myer   1740.  To   Ann   Buser.  January 

l^K. .. 

23  Hans  Jacob  Gyger. .   To  Margaret  Shuler.  widow 

24  Jacob  Horger.  -   To  Lovisia  Shaumloffel. 

25  Peter  Moorer  Jun  -  -  -   To  Margaret  Larry. 

26  Hans  Giegelman  .  ■  -   To  Ann  Elizabeth  Shuler 

27  John  Jubb To  Eve  Catherine  Shuler. 

2S    Antony  Ernst-  -  •  To  Ann  Barbara  Gyger. 

2V)   Melchior  Ott  1746/7.  Febr.  W±  To  Ann  Barbara 

Zangin. 
30    Henry    Strauman    1740.     Ai)ril    l""}    To    Catharina 

Horger. 


108  THE  HISTORY  OF 

31.  Christian  York  1742.  May  IStji  To  Barbara  Heym. 

32.  Joh:  Julius  Tapp  1740.  Febr:  3^^  To  Ann  Barbara 
Hergersperger,  widow. 

33.  Georg    Adam    Ernst. ---To   Ann    Barbara   Tapp. 
widow. 

34.  Hans  in  Abnit  1742  Nov.  30tii  To  Margaret  Nage- 

ly. 

35.  Henry  Rickenbacher.    .To  Ann  Diel. 

36.  Hans  George  Hessy  1742.  ()<'t   12th  To  Catliarina 
Margaret  Shuler. 

37.  Joseph  Deramas   .  -   To  Ann  Pt'uml. 

38.  Peter  Grieffous.  1742.  May  25lii  To  Anna  Hottow. 

39.  Leonhard  Warnedow  .  ■  -  •      To  Sirrah  Hottow. 

40.  Charles  Hottow   ...  To  Ann  Tshndy 

41.  Benedict  Koller  1740.   Jany.  l^t.-.To  Magdalene 
Spring. 

42.  Michael  Larry  ...   To  Regula  Koch. 

43.  Peter  Hottow To  Margaret  Barbara  Shuler. 

44.  Joseph  Kreiiter. . .  -To  Susannah  Shuler. 

45.  Andrew  in  Abnit- .  •  -To  Mary  Nilgely. 

46.  Conrad  Alder  1740.  January  l«t  . .   To  Ann    Rick- 
enbacker.  Widow. 

47.  Richard  Hasfort  1740.  Jany.  3'j  To  Barbara   Died- 
rick. 

48.  Benjamin    Carter    1740    -lany:    14','.'  T<>    Keberca 
Murphy,  widow. 

49.  Thomas  Joyner     .   To  Faithy  Carse. 

50.  Joseph  Hatford  ...   To  Eugenia  (-a)se. 

51.  Lewis  Montier   .  -   To  M.  Biddys. 

52.  Matthias  Keller ...   To  Mary  Handshy.  _ 

53.  Joseph  Lyons.  1740/  1.  .lany:  4^';  To  Susannah  (irim. 
widow. 

54.  Joseph  Lyons.  1741.  Hec.  31    .  . -To   [Barbara  <iai-t- 
man. 

55.  Killian  AbfM-lin  1740  M.     I'o  :Mary  Schwartz  Jan- 
uary 12t'» 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  109 

06.   Joseph   Cutfcier  1741.   March   27^}}   To  Ann  Mary 
Silhly. 

57.  William  Smith  1741.  April  U.th  To  Abigal  Shan- 
non. 

58.  Evard    Gibson  1741..     Dec.    22<i— To    Susannah 
Schwartz. 

59.    *  Joyner  1741/2.  Jany.  6t.li  To  Miles  Jack- 
son. 

60.  (Was  on  the  top  edge  of  the  page  and  has  worn 
off.) 

61.  Joh:  Abraham  Schwardtfeger  1745. To  Elizabeth 
Souderecker,  widow.  Dec.  27^^ 

62.  Phillip  Jennings  1746/7.  Febr.  7ti'     To  Elizabeth, 
late  Hasfort 

63.  Thomas  Jones   1746/7.  Febr:  19th  To  Elizabeth 
Davis 

64.  Martin  Koonen  1746/7.  Febr:  2P}^  To  Mary  Joy- 
ner. February  24th 

65.  Hans  Adam  Shnell-  •  -To  Margaret  Yootzy. 

66.  Elias  Shnell ....  To  M.  Fritchman. 

67.  Bernhard  Schnell. .  .To  N.  Shuler. 

68.  Charles  Kitchen  . .  .To  Eugenia  Megrew. 

69.  John  Middleton To  Sirrah  Goodby. 

70.  Samuel  Hudson  1746.  July.  To  Margaret  Maxwell, 
widow. 

71.  Nathan  Joyner To  Winifred  N. 

72.  John  Sullivan  .  ■    ■  To  N.  Snellgrove. 

73.  William  Hickey.  .   To  Rebecca  Gant. 

74.  Thomas  Eberhard  .  .  .To  Mary  Moor. 

75.  Paul  Bunch  1748.  April  28th  To  Amy  Winigum. 

76.  Christian  Theus . . . .  To  N.  N .  . 

77.  Brand  Pendarvis     To  Ursetta  Jennings. 

78.  Joseph  Cooper     To  Margaret  N. 

79.  Hans  George  Shlappy .  .   To  Magdalene  Huber. 

*T(irii  out. 


110  THE  HISTORY  OF 

50.  Daniel  Geltzer To  Margaret  Brick,  widow. 

51.  Hans  Eberly  •  ■  -To  Ann  Marckly. 

82.   John  Kannady  1747.  Sepl  2{n}}  To  Mary  Godfrey. 
S3.   Jonathan  Brimstone .  .  -To  Martha  Pickings 

84.  Samuel  Pickings.  ^  -To  N.  Patron. 

85.  George  Fhitt.  -  -  -To  N.  Pickings 

86.  Francis  Lamons To  N.  N. 

87.  Flowers  Michill  February  l«t  .  -  To  Elizabeth  War- 
ren 1747/8. 

88.  William  Gray.... To  Ann  Shaw. 

89.  Samuel  Gandy  March  14.  .  .To  Rosina  Zellwegeiin. 

90.  William  Clement  Januaiy  28t.i'.  To  Mary  Callyhon. 
widow,  1747. 

91.  James  Dean To  Din  a  Even. 

92.  William    Weanright .To    Hannah    Williams, 

widow. 

93.  Daniel  Deruraseux  March.  14^'  To  Olivia  Wood. 

94.  Jacob  Rumph  1748.  May  19th     To  Ann  Dattwyler. 

95.  Solomon    Witham   July   29<h    1744-. To    Francis 
Merry  an. 

96.  John  Robinson  -  -  -  -To  Isbell  Butcher. 

97.  Henry  Sally  Junf     To  Magdalena  Huber 

98.  Jacob  Koonen  1748.  Septemb    1^.<. .    To  Catharina 
Negely. 

99.  Francis  Koonen  1748.  Sept:  l^t.  To  Ann  Maria  Ha- 
gin. 

100.  John   Fitch  January   161'.'   174S/9   .      .    To   Ann 
Holmes. 

101.  Daniel  Shyder To  Elizabeth  Rii-hard. 

Here  follows  the  record  of  marriages  which  IJev. 
John  (liessendanner  kept  after  his  retniii  iVom  Eng- 
land, where  he  had  been  ordained  as  an  Episcopal 
minister.  This  record  was  kept  in  English.  That 
kept  before  his  voyage  to  Kngland  w^as  all  kept  in 
German,  as  already  stated. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  Ill 

At  the  head  of  each  of  the  five  pa£);es  containing  the 
entries  from  6  to  24  is  written  "A  List  of  Persons 
n]arr3^ed  per  Jn^  Giessendanner.  V.  D.  M.";  at  the 
head  of  each  of  the  remaining  seven  pages  containing 
the  entries  from  25  to  69  is  written  "Register  of  Mar- 
riages pet'  John  Giessendanner.  V.  D.  M.": 

A  list  of  Persons  marryed  in  the  Church  of  Orange- 
burgh  and  on  Sundry  other  places  since  my  return 
from  England  according  to  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church 
of  England  and  the  Form  prescribed  in  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer 
Per 

J.  Giessendanner 

Minister  of  Orangeburgh  and 
Amelia  Townships. 

List  of  Persons 
1750.     On  Monday,  May  14th.  1750  was  marryed  and 
joined  together  by  Banns. 

(1.)  Jacob  Frank  and  Sarah  Flood,  widow,  both  liv- 
ing dow^n  this  river. 

Being  present:  John  Chevillette,  Esq.,  Michael 
Christopher  Rowe,  Peter  and  Joseph  Grieffous,  etc. 
etc. 

(2.)  Oil  Monday,  May  21st  Jn  the  Congree  Garrison 
by  Banns: 

William  Berry  and  Mary  King,  widow,  both  in  Saxa- 
Gotha  Township:  Present  Archibald  Campbell,  Esq., 
Herman  Gyger,  Henry  Gall  man,  etc.  etc. 

(3.)  On  Tuesday,  June  5t\»  In  the  Church  of  Orange- 
bui'gh  by  Ditto:  Jacob  Morff  and  Christina  Hessy, 
both  of  this  Township:  Being  present:  Michael  Chris- 
topher Rowe.  Hans  George  Hessy. 

(4.)  On  Monday,  June  IP'.'  In  yf  Church  of  Orange- 
burgh by  Ditto.  David  Griffith  and  Hannah  Middleton, 
both  of  Berkly  County,  l^eing  present:    Michael  Chris- 


112  THE  HISTORY  OF 

topher  Rowe,  Henry  Strovvman.  John  Clievillette- 
Esq. 

(5.)  On  Sunday,  June  I7f'>-  In  the  Presence  of  the 
Congregation  in  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh.  by  Ditto: 
Jacob  Stauber  and  Miss *  of  this  Township. 

(6.)  On  Sunday,  June  24*1'-  In  the  Church  of  Orange- 
burgh in  presence  of  the  Congregation — By  Banns: 
John  Frederick  Ot  and  Magdalene  Wechter,  late  wife 
of  George  Wechter,  deceased,  both  living  in  Amelia 
Township. 

(7.)  On  Thursday  June  28^''-  In  the  House  of  these 
married  Person  by  Ditto:  Casper  Kuhn  and  Anna 
Barbara  Ernst,  late  wife  of  Ceorge  Adauj  Ernst,  of 
this  Township,  deceased;  Being  present:  Valentine 
Yutzy,  John  Fritchman,  John  Friday  Jnn';  etc.  etc. 

(8.)  On  Wednesday,  July  11^'-  In  tlie  Church  of 
Orangeburgh  By  Ditto:  Kobeit  Andrews  of  Saxa- 
Grotha  Township,  and  Mary  Carney  of  Amelia  Town- 
ship, Being  present:  John  McCord.  Sam'l  Bright. 
Robert  Sea  Wright  etc.  etc. 

(9.)  On  Thuimiay,  July  19fi^-  In  y*' Church  of  Orange- 
burgh By  Ditto:  Joseph  Markis  and  Ann  Pickings, 
both  living  down  this  River:  Being  present:  Joseph 
(iriffis,  David  Jackson. 

(10.)  On  Tuesday  August  7*''  In  the  Churcii  "o  Ditto. 
By  Ditto  John  Frederick  Huber  and  Barbara  Kreyter. 
both  of  this  Township:  Being  present  Martin  Binsky. 
John  Friday  Sen'"-  et  Jun'-  Henry  Heyin. 

(11.)  On  Saturday,  September  22'"'-  In  y*'Chni'chof 
Orangeburgh.  By  Banns.  Miles  Hiley  and  Elizabeth 
Weekly,  widow  of  Thomas  Weekly,  of  Amelia  Town- 
ship, deceased.  Being  present:  \A'illiani  Cannnel.  Wil- 
liam Coopei-.  Caspar  Ott. 

(12.)    On   Wednesday.  October  o'-«>-    In  the  Cliurch  'o 

■  NiUiu'  oliIiterattMl. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  113 

Ditto.  By  Ditto.  William  Heart  of  the  Congrees  & 
Sirrah  Young  of  Edistoe  Fork.  Being  present  Adin 
Frogat.  William  Young  etc.  etc. 

(13.)  On  Thursday,  December  fith.  In  the  Church  of 
Orangeburgh.  By  Ditto:  William  Mecket  &  Ann  Roth 
of  this  Township:  Being  present  Henry  Haym,  George 
Giessendanner,  Jun^  Charles  Hottow  etc.  etc. 

(14.)  On  Monday,  Dec.  24tii-  in  the  Church  of  Orange- 
burgh, by  Ditto:  Henry  Wetstine  &  Barbara,  widow  of 
Hans  Ulrick  Morff,  deceased,  both  of  this  Township: 
Being  present,  Henry  Haym,  Caspar  Kuhn,  Peter 
Moorer,  Junr.  etc.  etc. 
1751 

(15.)  On  Tuesday.  February  b^^^-  at  the  house  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Russell  in  Amelia,  by  Licence,  John  McCord 
of  Saxa-Gotha  &  Sophinisba  Russell  of  Amelia  Town- 
ship, Being  present  Samuel  Bright,  Charles  and  John 
Russell. 

(16.)  On  Tuesday  April  2"f^-  In  Orangeburgh  Church 
By  Banns  Peter  Murer,  Jun^;  To  Magdalene  Horguer; 
Both  of  this  Township.  Being  present  Valentine  Yutzy, 
Samuel  Suther.  etc. 

(17.)  On  Tuesday  April  BO^ii-  in  Ditto.  By  Ditto.  John 
Harresperger  To  Elizabeth  Frichman,  both  of  this 
Township.  Being  present  Nicolas  Shewler.  Conrad 
Yutzy,  Jacob  Ott  etc.  etc. 

(18.)  On  Tuesday,  May  28tii-  In  Ditto.  By  Ditto. 
Robert  Lammon  to  Barbara,  wddow  of  Jacob  Brunzon. 
deceased.  Both  living  upon  Edistoe  River.  Being  pres- 
ent Michael  Christopher  Rowe.  Joseph  Griffons,  Sam- 
uel Davis. 

(19.)  On  Thursday  September  5ti>-  In  Ditto.  By  Dit- 
to. James  Lewis  to  Esther,  widow  of  John  Jones,  late 
of  Amelia  Township.  Deceased.  Being  present  Robert 
(lossling.  Christian  Minnick,  Michael  Christopher 
Rowe.  etc.  etc. 


114  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(20.)   On  Thursday,  September  26th-  In  Orangeburgh 
Church,  Freeman  Snellgrove  of  Amelia  Township  to 
Ann    Jenkins,    widow,    Being   present:    Miles   Riley, 
John  Fairy,  Joseph  Duke. 
1752. 

(21.)  On  Sunday,  February  2"d-  In  Ditto.  By  Ditto. 
Peter  Roth  to  Agnes,  late  widow  of  George  Gies- 
sendanner.  Deceased.  In  presence  of  the  Congrega- 
tion. 

(22.)  On  Sunday,  February  23''^-  In  Ditto.  By  Ditto. 
Christopher  Stehely  to  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Christian 
Schwarz,  Deceased.  In  piesence  of  the  Congrega- 
tion. 

(23.)  On  Friday  December  27^1'-  1751.  In  Ditto.  By 
Ditto.  Gotli6b  Ebert  to  Anna  Amacher.  Being  pres- 
ent: Henry  Wartzer,  Martin  Binsky,  Michael  Larry, 
etc. 

(24.)  On  Tuesday,  March  Sl^'t-  In  Ditto.  By  Ditto. 
Emanuel  Miller  to  Mary,  widow  of  Andrew  Inabnet, 
of  this  Township,  Deceased.  Being  present:  Henry 
Wartzer,  Henry  Ricken baker,  etc.  etc. 

(25.)  On  Tuesday  June  9th.  1752.  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns:  Henry  Crummy  to  Magdalene 
Zorn;  both  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Being  pres- 
ent: William  Bari-ie,  Henry  Felder,  Luke  Patrick. 

(26.)  On  Tuesday,  July  2nd.  1752.  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns:  William  Young  of  Edisto  Fork  to 
Mary  Linder,  below  Orangeburgh  Township:  Being 
present:  Michael  Christopher  Rowe,  Johanes  Wolfe. 
Lewis  Linder. 

(27.)  On  Monday,  July  13,  In  Am.elia  at  the  house  of 
Mr.  William  Martin:  By  Banns.  Thomas  Cryer  and 
Elizabeth  Powell;  both  of  Amelia  Township;  Being 
present  John  McCord,  Charles  Kut^spll.  William  Thomp- 
son. 

(28.)    On  Tuesday  -Inly  21st.   in  Oiangeburgh  Church. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  115 

By  Banns.    Jacob  Kooner.  Sen';  and  Anna,  late  widow 
of    Martin    Tshudy.    deceased,   both    of   Oranj^eburgh 

Township.    Being  present:   Henry  Wartzer, In- 

derabnet,  Ulrick  Reber  etc.  etc. 

(29.)  On  Tnesday  Septembei-  26th.  in  Orangebnrgh 
Cliurch.  By  Banns.  John  Nicolas  Shuler  to  Verena 
Hoggin. 

(30.)   John  Heller  to  Esther  Ott. 

(31.)  John  Frederick  Ulmer  to  Mary  Barbara  Shu- 
ler; all  of  Orangeburg  Township.  Being  present: 
John  Miller,  Henry  Rickenbaker,  Lewis  Golsen,  etc. 

(32.)  On  Tuesday  October  S''^^-  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns.  John  William  Ley sath  to  Ursula 
Giessendanner,  of  this  Township:  Being  present: 
Henry  Wartzer,  Jacob  Ott,  Peter  Roth,  etc.  etc. 

(33.)  On  Tuesday  December  19th.  in  Ditto.  By  Dit- 
to.   Lewis  Golsen  to  Elizabeth  Stehely. 

(34.)  Caspar  0th  to  Mary  Stehely.  All  of  Orange- 
burgh Township.  Being  present:  Benedict  Roller, 
Joseph  Kryter,  Henry  Horger,  Junr. 

(35.)  On  Tnesday  December  26th.  in  Ditto.  By  Dit- 
to. Christopher  Monheim  to  Catharine  Fry;  both  late- 
ly arrived  from  Germany  in  Orangeburgh  Township. 
Being  present:  John  Shaumloffel,  John  Friday,  Jun. 
Jacob  Roth. 
1753. 

(36.)  On  Sunday,  March  25th.  In  Ditto.  By  Ditto. 
George  Frederick  Knobel  to  Elizabeth  Fichter.  both 
lately  come  into  this  Township  from  Germany:  Being 
present:  .Henr}^  Felder,  Bai'nard  Snell,  Jacob  Giessen- 
danner. 

(37.)  On  Tuesday,  April  KHi'-  At  the  house  of  Moses 
Thompson.  Esqr.  In  Anjelia.  By  Ditto.  Thomas  Bal- 
lew  to  Ann  Cox.  Being  present:  Moses  and  William 
Thompson.  Thomas  (\)urtonne. 

(3S.)    On     Thni-sday.    Apiil     12"'-     In     Orangeburgh 


116  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Church  Miirryed  by  Banns.  Greorge  Jacob  Kiirner  to 
Ann  Catliarina  Larry wecht,  widow,  both  lately  arrived 
in  this  Province  from  Germany,  Being  present: 
Michael  Christopher  Rowe,  III  rick  Raber. 

(39.)  On  Tuesday,  April  24^1-  In  Ditto.  By  Banns. 
Henry  Mell  to  Mary  Catharina,  widow  of  Isaac  Hut- 
tow,  late  of  Orangebui-gh  Township,  deceased. 

(40.)  Bernard  Zeigler  to  Anne  Mary  Wedlin,  widow, 
both  lately  come  in  from  Germany.  Both  couples  in 
presence  of  John  Amacher,  Senr.,  Frederick  Huber, 
John  William  Leysaht,  etc. 

(41.)  On  Tuesday  June  7^1'-  In  Ditto.  James  Eler- 
son  to  Elizabeth  Elerson;  both  near  Orangeburgh 
Township.  Being  present:  Henry  Crummy,  Michael 
Larry,  The  Banns  been' published  at  Orangeburgh 
May  27tii;  et  3lst.,  June  3^1. 

(42.)   On  Tuesday  September  4ti'.    In  Ditto. 

Joseph  Huber  to  Elizabeth  Horrmutt. 

(43.)  John  Valentin  Kranick  to  Anna  Mary  Heck- 
ler. All  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Being  present: 
Lewis  Golson,  Martin  Binsky,  Lewis  Kern,  etc. 

(44.)  On  Tuesday  September  27*^'-  In  Ditto.  By 
Banns.  Edward  Brady  to  Rachael  Whiteford  of  Ame- 
lia.   Present:     William  Powell,  John  Burdell.  etc. 

(45.)   On  Thursday  at  the  house  of  John  Eberly. 

Marry ed  October  llti^-     By  Banns. 

John  Grossman  to  Margaret  Stephen;  both  of  Berke- 
ley County.  Being  present:  Lewis  Linder,  John  Eber- 
ly, etc. 

(46.)   On    Sunday.   November   4t''-    In  Oratigeburgh 
Church.    By   Banns.    Christopher   Miller   to   Angelia 
Zeigler.  widov^-.     In  presence  of  the  (Congregation. 
1754 

(47.)  On  Tuesday,  February  12"'-  Joyni^l  into  the 
Holv    State    of    matrimon\    at    tiic    house    of    Simon 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  117 

Theiis,  conimonly  called  Monk's  Corner,  in  St.  John's 
Parish,  hy  virtue  of  Licence  derected  to  me,  Simon 
Thens  of  the  said  Parish  to  Elizabeth  Mackey  of  Ame- 
lia Township.  Present:  John  Lloyd,  Robert  Rawlins, 
Clerk  of  the  Crown,  etc.  etc. 

(4S.)  On  Tuesday,  February  W^^-  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns.  Jacob  Beck  to  Brigitta  Smith, 
both  of  Amelia  Township.  Present:  Christopher  Rowe, 
John  Friday,  Senr.  &  Junr. 

(49.)  On  Sunday.  March  IQth-  In  Amelia.  At  the 
house  of  Charles  Russell.  By  Banns.  Christian  Reich- 
art  to  Catharina  Peterman;  both  of  Amelia  Township. 
In  presence  of  the  Congregation. 

(50.)  On  Thursday,  March  14th.  j^^  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns.  Daniel  Linder  to  Sarah  Hill  of 
Berkeley  County.  Present:  James  Tilly,  Alexander 
McCord,  John  Burdell,  etc.,  etc. 

(51.)  On  Monday,  April  9th.  j^^  Orangeburgh  Church. 
Manyed  By  Banns.  Henry  Young  of  Edisto  Fork  to 
Ann  Hill  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Present:  John 
Burdell,  David  Hall,  etc.,  etc. 

(52.)  On  Sunday,  May  12tii.  In  Amelia.  By  Banns. 
Benjamin  Spurlock  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Smitzer,  both 
of  Amelia  Township.  Pi-esent:  Moses  Thompson,  John 
Chevillette,  John  Lloyd,  etc. 

(53.)  On  Tuesday,  July  16*''.  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 
By  Banns.  Conrad  Yutzy  to  Magdalene  Warner;  both 
of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Present:  Henr}^  Snell. 
Senr.  &  Junr.,  Christopher  Rowe,  etc..  etc. 

(54.)  On  Tuesday,  August  6th.  |n  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns.  John  Henry  Shilling  to  Ann  Mar- 
garet McLennen;  both  of  Orangeburgh  Township. 
Piesent:  Henry  Rickenbaker.  Henry  M<'11,  Sam  Su- 
ther. 

(55.)  On  Tuesday.  August  2()ti>-  In  Ditto.  liy  Banns. 
James   Tavlor  to    Elizabeth,  late  widow  of    William 


118  THE  IirSTORY  OF 

Barrie;  hotli  of  Orangeburgli  Townshi}).  I^reseiit: 
Henry  Folder,  Henry  Crummy,  etc.,  etc. 

(56.)  Od  Thursday,  August'2'2<i-  In  Amelia.  By  Li- 
cence. Charles  ]?us8ell  to  Ann  Dargan;  both  of  Ame- 
lia, Township.  Present:  John  McCord,  John  Lloyd 
etc.  etc. 

(57.)  On  Sunday,  October  27"'-  In  Orangebnrgh 
Church.  By  Banns.  Marryed:  p]n]anuel  Mineor  to 
Rachel  Hatcher,  both  of  Edistoe  Fork.  Present:  The 
Congregation,  Samuel  Suther,*  David  Hall  &c. 

(58.)   On    Tuesday,     December    8<i-     In    Ditto.     By 

*Frojii  the  History  of  Rowan  County,  North  Ciirolinn,  by  Rev. 
Jetliro  Riimi)U',  the  followinj;  sketch  its  taken:  "Rev.  Samuel  Su- 
tlier  was  one  of  tlie  early  Gernian  Reformed  ministers  in  Guilford, 
Rowan  and  Cabarrus.  In  the  Journal  of  Gov.  Tryon  for  17()8,  he  re- 
lates that  while  he  was  at  Major  Phifer's  in  Mecklenl)urg  (now  Ca- 
barrus) on  Sunday,  the  12st  of  .July,  he  'heard  Mr.  Luther,  a  Dutch 
mitiister,  preach.'  No  doubt  this  is  a  misprint  for  Mr.  Sulher,  since 
there  is  no  evidence  that  such  a  minister  as  liUther  was  here,  and 
there  is  evidence  of  the  presence  of  a  Rev.  Mr.  Suther.  He  was  sent 
out  from  the  old  country  to  preach  to  thi>  (Jcnnan  Reformed  jx'ople  in 
the  Carollnas,  and  w.ms  pastor  of  the  (JniU'ord  cbarjic  durinjj  the  Rev- 
olutionary war.  Ml',  Suther  was  a  man  of  learning?,  and  an  unconi- 
l)romisiii<,'  patriot  during;-  the  stru^-yU'  for  American  freedom.  His 
residence  was  a  mile  from  the  battle  nroun<l  of  the  Regulators  in  Ala- 
mance, May  Kith,  1771.  During'  the  lU^volution  he  was  an  outspoken 
pjilriot,  and  so  obnoxious  to  the  tories  that  he  was  often  compelled  to 
hide  himself  from  their  vengence.  It  is  said  tluit  there  was  but  one 
single  tory  in  his  entire  charge.  Capt.  Weitzell,  a  niember  of  Mr. 
Suther's  church,  commanded  a  company  in  the  battle  of  Guilford 
Court  House  that  was  made  up  of  members  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
The  records  of  Lower  Stone  Church  mention  Sanuiel  Suther  as  its 
pastor  in  1782,  and  that  he  had  removed  thither  from  Guilford  tJoun- 
ty.  This  was  in  the  days  of  tory  ravages,  when  Col.  David  Fanninjr 
and  his  trooj)  of  marauders  struck  terror  into  the  region  that  extends 
from  Guilford  to  Cumberland  county.  As  he  had  many  enemies 
around  him,  he  found  it  exiK-dient  to  remove  to  a  jnore  peaceful  re- 
gion. The  date  of  his  death  and  the  j)lace  of  his  burial  are  unknown 
to  the  writer.  There  are  a  number  of  families  by  the  name  of  Suther 
residing  in  and  near  (^oncord."  This  is  probably  the  same  Sanuiel 
Sutlu>r  mentioned  l)y  (Ticssi-udanncr,  and  he  probably  sojourneil 
awhiU-  in  ()i-nugeburgli  bdorc  ncfiving  his  license  to  preach  in  this 
countrv. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  119 

Banns.  Jacob  Ott  to  M.ivgaret  Fichtuer,  both  of 
Orangelturgh  Townsliii).  I'reseiit:  Henry  Wartzer, 
Adam  Snell,  George  Hessy,  &c.  &c. 

(59.)  On  Thursday.  December  19th.  In  Ditto.  By 
Banns.  John  Gibson  to  Margaret  Fludd,  both  below 
Orangeburgh  Township.     Present:    David  Hall. 

(60.)  On  Sunday,  December  22"d.  In  Ditto.  By 
Banns.  Jacob  Dirr  of  Amelia  and  Eva  Catharina  Key- 
ser  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Present:  John  Fred- 
erick Huber,  &  Henry  Felder,  &c. 

(61.)   On    Monday,    December    23id-    In    Ditto.    By 
Banns.   John  Joyner,  Junr.  to  Naomy  Bunch,  both  of 
Amelia  Township.  Present:  Henry  Snell,  Senr.,  Chris- 
topher Rowe,  etc. 
1755. 

(62.)  On  Monday,  February  17*^.  In  Ditto.  By  a  Li- 
cence directed  to  me.  Josiah  Evans  to  Margaret  Lar- 
kins,  of  Prince  Frederick  Parish.  Present:  James 
Tilly,  Senr.  &  Junr. 

(68.)  On  Tuesday,  February  18th-  i^  Ditto.  By 
Banns.  Barnard  Hertzog  to  Anne  Mary,  late  widow 
of  Warner  Ulmer,  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Pres- 
ent:   Col:  John  Chevillette,  Henry  Wartzer,  &c. 

(64.)  On  Thursday,  August  14tii.  at  the  house  of 
Capt.  John  Lloyd  in  Amelia  Township,  Marryed^ — By 
Licence;  William  Thompson  to  Eugenia  Russell,  both 
of  the  Township  aforesaid.  Present:  John  M<'Cord, 
Edward  Barwicke,  &c. 

(65.)  On  Sunday,  August  24^^.  ii^  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Banns:  John  George  Hayner  to  Eva 
Cathai'ina  Barrin;  both  of  Orangeburgli  Township. 
Present:   Jacob  Giessendanner,  Henry  Felder,  &c. 

(66.)  On  Monday,  December  29^1'-  In  Ditto.  By  Dit- 
to. John  Ofi.ll  to  Elizabeth  Rice,  both  of  the  Salt- 
ketchers  in  Colleton  C(»unty.  Piesenl :  Isham  Clay- 
ton. Samnc]  Pickings.  &c. 


120  THE  HISTORY  OF 

175(1 

(67.)  On  Tuesday,  January  27^''-  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  By  Ditto.  .John  Jacob  Wymer  to  Anne  Died- 
rick,  both  of  Orangeburgh  Township.  Present:  Sam- 
uel Suther,  John  Jennings.  &c, 

(68.)  On  Monday,  Fel)ruary  2"fi-  In  Ditto.  By  Dit- 
to. John  Anding  to  Margaret,  late  widow  of  Rudolph 
Brunner,  both  living  beh)w  Orangeburgh  Township  in 
Berkly  County.  Present:  Henry  VVuitzer,  Lewis  bin- 
der, John  Aberly,  &c. 

(69.)   On  Sunday,  February  15tii-    hi  Ditto. 

By  Banns.  James  Clatworthy  to  Mary,  Widow  of 
Rush.    Present:   Joseph  Wood,  &c. 

The  remainder  of  the  marriage  record  kept  by  Rev. 
John  Giessendanner  is  lost  from  the  book,  but  several 
fragmentary  records  were  entered  b}^  later  custodians 
of  the  book,  as  follows: 

"John  Pou  to  Elizabeth  Giessendanner  Boath  of 
Orangeburgh  Township.'"'' 

''Henry  Giessendanner  and  Elizabeth  Rumph  Maryed 
the  25  Day  of  february  1767 

'"Henry  Gissendaner" 
"Henry  Gissendanner  <t  Mary  Larry  Manyed  the  21 
January  1796.'"}- 

The  following  is  also  recorded  among  the  later 
items:  "Jacob  Kooney  Come  to  me  to  Live  With  me 
til  26  of  Septr  1771  and  Movd  a  Way  again  the  16  of 
November  1771."     W  hat  that  meant  is  not  explained. 

Following  the  record  in  English  of  marriages,  is  the 
record  in  English  of  the  baptisms  performed  by  Rev. 
John  Giessendanner  after  his  return  from  England. 
At  the  head  of  each  of  the  thii-teen  pages  containing 
the  entries  from  11  to  97  is  writr<Mi.  "A  list  of  (Miildren 

*N(>  (late  uivt'ii.     tSccoiid  wilo — slii-  was  a  widow. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  121 

baptized  per  J.  Giessendanner.  V.  D.  M.";  at  the  head 
of  each  of  the  forty-two  pages  containing  the  entries 
fi'OQi  9S  to  422  is  written,  ''Register  Book  of  Baptisms 
per  Jn"  Giessendanner.  V.  1).  M.";  at  the  head  of  each 
of  the  four  pages  containing  the  entries  from  423  to 
482  is  written,  ''Register  of  Christenings  by  John  Gies- 
sendanner. V.  D.  M.'*;  and  at  the  head  of  each  of  the 
remaining  twenty-five  pages  containing  the  entries 
from  4S3  to  639  is  written,  "Register  of  Births  &  Chris- 
tenings by  John  Giessendanner  V.  D.  M."  The  follow- 
ing is  the  baptismal  record: 

A  List  of  Children  Baptized  by  me  in  the  Church  of 
Orangeburgh  and  in  Sundry  other  places  Since  my  re- 
turn from  England  according  to  the  Liturgy  of  the 
Church  of  England  and  the  forms  prescribed  in  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer 

John  Giessendanner 
Minister  of  the  Church  in  and  of 
Orangeburgh  Township  and 
Amelia  Township- 

1749-50. 

(10.)*  On  Sunday,  March  ISti^-  1749-50.  Received 
publick  Baptism  in  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh  Joseph, 

son  of  James  and  Marget  Tilly;  born   .     Goss: 

Joseph  Robinson,  Brand  Pendarvis,  and 

On  Sunday,  April  1st: 

(11.)  Christian,  son  of  John  and  Margaret  Inabnet; 
born  March  the  17t'i-  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Hans  Jacob 
Stroman,  Henry  Wetzstine,  and  Mrs  Mary  Inabnet. 

(12.)  On  Sunday,  April  S^h-  in  Amelia  Township  at 
the  house  of  Mrs.  Mary  Russell:  Charles,  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  Elizabeth  Heatly;  born  November  15tii- 
1749.  Susceptr:  John  McCord.  (Uiarles  Russell,  Miss 
Sophia  Russell. 

*Fr()iii  1  to  10  lost. 


122  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Eodem  Die  eodemg  Loco: 

(13.)  Williani,  son  of  William  and  Martha  Evans; 
Seven  months  old.  Susceptr.  Freeman  Snellgrove,  and 
as  no  others  could  be  got,  the  parents  themselves. 

Eodem  Die  eodemg  Loco: 

(14.)  Pov^el,  son  of  Ditto.  Susceptr.  Thomas  Powel 
and  the  parents. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(15.)  John,  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Barker; 
born  October  2nd.  1749.  Susceptr.  Samuel  Bright 
and  the  mother. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(16.)  Josias,  son  of  an  unknown  father  and  Mary 
Gibson;  born  June  20^ii-  1746.  Susceptr.  Hopert  Gib- 
son. 

(17.)  On  Easter  Monday,  April  16th-  1750,  Received 
public  baptism  in  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh,  Ann 
Appollonia,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Ann  Appollonia 
Wolf;  born  March  lO^-h.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Nicolas  Shu- 
ler.  Mrs.  Barbara  Jennings,  Ann  Elizabeth  Giegelman. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(18.)  Margaret,  daughtei'  of  Nicolas  and  Regula 
Larry;  born  March  27^1'-  a.  c.  Susceptr.  John  Jen- 
nings, Mary  Regina  Philippina  Yutzy,  Catharina  Kuh- 
nen. 

(19.)  At  the  Congrees  in  the  house  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Haig  on  Saturday  May  19^^.  Edward,  son  of  Edward 
and  Obedience  McGrae;  born  August  5^^.  1746.  Sus- 
ceptr. Thomas  McFashon,  Herman  Gygei",  Isabel 
Potts. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(20.)  Sunday  May  20t'>-  Naoniy,  daughter  of  Nico- 
las and  Naomy  Fritz;  born  March  W^^-  1748.  Susceptr. 
Solomon  Holmes,  Sirah  Snclling.  no  more. 

Eodem  Die  et  IjOco. 

(2D    Elizabeth,  daughtei*  of  the  parents  aforesaid: 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  123 

born  March  19t'i-  1744.  Susceptr.  Henry  Snelling,  and 
the  mother  of  the  baptized,  no  more. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(22.)  Grace,  daughter  of  Hugh  and  Mary  Murphy; 
born  May  10ti>-  1749.  Susceptr.  Henry  Snelling,  Sirah 
Snelling,  Ann  Ginnoway. 

(23.)  At  the  Congrees  in  the  house  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Haig  on  Sunday,  May  20th.  1750,  Gabriel,  son  of  An- 
drew and  Rebecca  Clements;  born  December  25tii- 
1749.     Susceptr.   Marget  Reece,  no  more. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(24.)  Sirah,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Cheavy; 
born  April  23rd.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Solomon  Holmes, 
Elizabeth  Good  and  the  mother. 

In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh. 

(25.)  On  Whit  Sunday  June  3'-d-,  Mary,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Mary  Grieffous;  born  April  12^^.  a.  c.  Sus- 
ceptr. Adin  Frogat,  Mrs.  Maria  Catharina  Ottow,  Mrs. 
Ann  Grieffous. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(26.)  Ann,  daughter  of  John  and  Barbara  Potts; 
born  May  St^-  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Isaac  Ottow,  Mrs.  Ann 
Ottow,  Elizabeth  Tshudy. 

(27.)  On  Sunday,  June  lOth-  In  Amelia  Township  at 
the  house  of  Mrs.  Mary  Russell;  Mary,  daughter  of 
James  and  Elizabeth  Carter;  born  4th.  January  1749. 
Susceptr.    Henry  and  Mary  Carter,  Elizabeth  Tate. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(28.)  Mary,  daughter  of  John  and  Esther  Jones; 
born  20tJ»-  October  1748.  Susceptr.  Conrad  and  Mary 
Hahnan,  Elizabeth  Lap. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(29.)  Margaret,  daughter  of  William  and  Rebecca 
Hickie;  born  19^1'-  November  1747.  Susceptr.  Robert 
Gossling,  Esther  Jones  and  Mary  Whitford. 


124  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(30.)  In  Amelia  Township  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Mary 
Russell,  on  Sunday,  June  10*^-  1750;  John,  son  of 
Henry  and  Mary  Carter;  born  in  December  1747. 
Susceptr.  James  Carter,  James  Barker  and  Elizabeth 
Carter. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(81.)  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Sulli- 
vant;  born  15^^.  June  1749.  Susceptr.  William  Evans, 
Martha  Evans,  and  Mary  Sullivan t. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(32.)  Winified  and  Martha,  daughters  of  Thomas 
and  Sarah  Powel. 

(33.)  Winifred  born  in  May  1747,  Martha  born  in 
April  1750.  Susceptr.  for  both:  James  Carter,  Mar- 
tha Evans  and  Sarah  Powel, 

In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh. 

(34.)   On  Sunday  June  17tii. 

David,  son  of  David  and  Ann  Rumph;  born  April 
1st.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Jacob  Rumph,  William  Bear}^ 
Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(35.)  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Adam  and  Margaret 
Snell;  born  March  lOt'i-  a.  c.  Susceptr.  John  Fritch- 
man,  Lovisa,  wife  of  Jacob  Horger,  and  Magdaline 
Werner. 

Ibidem. 

(36.)  On  Sunday  July  Ist. 

Johannes,  son  of  Abraham  and  Mary  Issenhut;  born 
May  31st.  a.  c,  Susceptr.  Peter  Hug,  John  Tnabnet. 
Agnes,  w^fe  of  George  Giessendanner,  Junr. 

In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh. 

(37.)   On  Sunday,  July  1st. 

Ann,  daughter  of  Seth  and  Susannah  Hatcher;  boi-n 
April  24th-  a  c.  Susceptr.  Michael  and  Regnla  Larry. 
Anna  Angelia,  wife  of  I^lrich  Raber, 

(38.)    In  Amelia  at  the  housp  of  Mrs.  Mary   Russell. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  125 

On  Sunday  July  8*^.  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert 
and  Elizabeth  Gossling;  born  Febi'uary  1st.  1745.  Sus- 
ceptr.  William  Evans.  Elizal)eth,  wife  of  Thomas  Bar- 
ber, and  Elizabeth,  widow  ot  Thomas  Weekly. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(39.)  George,  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Gossling 
aforesaid;  born  May  13^^.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Moses  Thomp- 
son, Thomas  Powel,  and  Mary,  wife  of  Robert  Whitford. 

(40.)  On  Sunday,  August  W^^-  In  the  Church  of 
Orangeburgh.  Leonard,  son  of  Leonard  and  Sirrah 
Warnedow;  born  January  15ti>-  1749/50.  Susceptr. 
Isaac  Hottow,  William  Cooper,  and  Sirrah  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(41.)  Sirrah,  daughter  of  John  and  Sirrah  Clayton; 
born  April  30^ii-  a.  c.  Susceptr.  William  Pendarvis, 
Sirrah,  wife  of  W^illiam  Cooper,  and  Mary,  wife  of  Da- 
vid Rum  ph. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(42.)   Johannes,  son  of  Henry  and  Ann  Rickenback- 

er,  born .    Susceptr.   John  Inabinet,  John 

Harrisperger,  and  Catharina  Diel. 

In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh. 

(43.)   On  Sunday,  September  16^^-   Anna,  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Anna  Rumph;  born  August  26th-  ^    q 
Susceptr.   George  Giessendanner,  Junr.,  Mary,  wife  of 
Hans  Balsiger  and  Anna,  wife  of  Joseph  Robinson. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(44.)   On  Sunday  September  30th. 

Maria,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Mary  Inabnet;  born 
July  27th-  a  q  Susceptr.  Caspar  Negely,  Maria  Stehe- 
ly  and  Anna  Amacher. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(45.)   On  Sunday.  October  2Sth.    Isaac,  son  of  Jacob 

and    Barbara  Brunzon;    born .     Susceptr. 

Abraham  Yssenhut.  Samuel  Davis,  and —  wife  of 

Elias  Snell. 


126  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(46.)  William,  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  Cooper; 
born  September  IS^h.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  William  Cooper 
and  Sirrah,  his  wife,  and  John  Wolf. 

(47.)  On  Sunday  November  llt'i-  At  the  house  of 
Mrs.  Russell  in  Amelia  Township,  Thomas,  son  of 
Peter  and  Mary  Oliver;  born  in  October  last.  Sus- 
ceptr. Robert  and  Mary  Whitford,  Joseph  Ferstner. 

(48.)  Also:  John,  son  of  John  and  Regania  Tittleby; 
born  in  October  last.  Susceptr.  David  Merkly,  Joseph 
Ferstner,  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Halmann. 

(49.)  In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh.  On  Sunday, 
November  18th-  John,  son  of  Luke  and  Mary  Patrick 
of  Edistoe  Fork;  born  October  20th.  a.  e.  Susceptr. 
William  Barry,  Jacob  Rumph,  and  Ann,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(50.)  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Catharina 
Puckridge;  born  September  21st.  a.  c.  Susceptr.  Wil- 
liam Barry,  Ann,  wife  of  Henry  Ricken backer,  and 
Ann,  wife  of  John  Deramus. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(51.)   On    Sunday,  November   25th.   George,  son    of 
Jacob  and  Barbara  Bowmann;  born  September  15th.  y 
c.     Susceptr.     George    Giessendanner,    Junr.,    Jacob 
Rumph  and  Ann,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(52.)  On  Sunday,  December  2nd,  Hans  George,  son 
of  John  and  Susannah  P'rydie;  born  November  29th.  a. 
c.  Susceptr.  John  Inabnet,  George  Giessendanner, 
Senr.,  and  Anna  Angelia,  wife  of  Virich  Rebei-. 

Eodem  Loco. 

(53.)  On  Sunday,  December  lO'h.  Cathaiina,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  and  Catharina  Strowman;  born  Novem- 
ber a.  c.  Susceptr.  Jacob  Giegelman.  Ann  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  John  Ciegelman,  and  Ann.  wift'  of  Henry 
Hicken  backer. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  127 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(54.)   Ann    Margaret,   daughter  of  Peter  and  Ann 
Griffons;  born   October  14fi^-   a.  c.     Susceptr.   Joseph 
Griffons  and* 
1751. 

(55.)  In  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh.  On  Sunday, 
January  20^1^-  Hans  Heinrich,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann 
Koch;  born  November  2Stii-  last.  Susceptr.  Henry 
Wetstine,  Hans  Negely  and  Regula,  wife  of  Michael 
Larry. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(56.)  Isaac,  son  of  Peter  and  Margaret  Barbara  Hot- 
tow;  born  December  4th.  last.  Susceptr.  Isaac  Hot- 
tow,  Charles  Hottow  and  Ann  Margaret,  wife  of 
George  Shuler. 

(57.)  On  Sunday.  January  27^1^-  Abraham,  son  of 
Johnathan  and  Martha  Brunson;  born  March  26th. 
1749.  Susceptr.  Isaac  Gleaton,  Abraham  Yssenhut, 
and  Sirrah  Hard  man. 

(58.)  On  Sunday,  February  3rd.  Eva  Maria,  daugh- 
ter of  Werner  and  Anna  Maria  ITlmer;  born  Decem- 
ber 2Sth.  last.  Susceptr.  Hans  George  Shuler,  Senr., 
Anna  Maria,  wife  of  John  Shaumloffel,  and  Esther  Ott. 

(59.)  On  Sunday,  February  17^^-  William,  son  of 
John  and  Eva  Catharina  Jubb;  born  December  19th- 
last.  Susceptr.  Abraham  Hasfort,  William  Pendar- 
vis,  Anna  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Giegelman. 

(70.)f    On     Sunday,    June    2nd.     In    Orangeburgh 
Church.    Thomas,  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  Duke;' 
born  4th.  September  last.     Susceptr.   David  Rumph, 
Ulrich  Roth.  Sertina,  wife  of  Brand  Pendarvis. 

(71.)  On  Monday,  June  17th.  John  Ulrich,  son  of 
Peter  and  Ann  Roth;  born  12th.  ^f  this  instant.     Sus- 

*Other  names  obliterated. 

tFroni  (»0  to  ()9,  inclusive,  lost  from  the  book. 


128 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


ceptr,    John    Giessendanner,    George   Giessendanner, 

Junr.,  Elizabeth  Roth,  widow. 

'    On  Sunday,  June  30f'>-    In  Ditto. 

(72.)  Rachel,  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel  Brun- 
zon;  born  December  1746.  Susceptr.  Joseph  Couture, 
Mary,  his  wife,  Ann,  wife  of  Joseph  Griffith. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco. 

(73.)  Alexander,  son  of  John  and  Rachel  Brnnzon; 
born  in  March  1749.  Susceptr.  Joseph  Griffith  and 
Ann,  his  wife,  and  John  Elders. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(74.)  Sirrah,  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel  Brunzon; 
born  in  January  last.  Susceptr.  William  Pendarvis. 
Ann,  wife  of  Joseph  Griffith,  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph 
Couture. 

(75.)  On  Sunday,  July  14th.  In  Amelia  Township. 
Catharina,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Morrison;  born 
the  13th-  May  last.  Susceptr.  William  Thompson. 
Rebeccah  Thompson,  Eugenia  Russell. 

(76.)  On  Sunday,  September  Sth.  In  Amelia  Town- 
ship. James  William,  son  of  William  and  Mary  Eliza- 
beth Heatly;  born  July  27tii.  last.  Susceptr.  John 
Russell,  William  Thompson,  Eugenia  Russell. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(77.)  John  Henry,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Eestner; 
born  in  August  last.  Susceptr.  Nicolas  Durr,  Henry 
Whetstone,  Eleanor,  wife  of  John  Whetstone. 

Eodem  Die. 

(78.)  William,  son  of  Garret  and  Agnesia  Fitz  Pat- 
rick; born  March  27*''-  last.  Susceptr.  Robert  Rogers, 
John  Fouquett,  and  Ann  Mary,  his  wife. 

(79.)  On  Sunday,  September  15th-  Jn  Orangeburgh 
Church.  Peter,  son  of  Johannes  and  Elizabeth  Wolf; 
born  August  2Stli.  last.  Susceptr.  John  Giessendan- 
ner, Hans  Imdortf,  and  Magdalena,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  129 

(SO.)  Maiy.  daughter  of  Gavin  and  Margaret  Pon; 
boi-n  August  8rd.  last.  Susceptr.  Lucas  Wolf,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  Phili[)  Jennings,  and  Margaret,  wife  of 
Joseph  Cooper. 

(81.)  On  Sunday,  (3ctoher  27th.  1751.  In  Orange- 
burgh  Church,  dohn,  son  of  David  and  Mary  Jackson; 
born  October  4^''.  curr.  Susceptr.  Peter  and  Joseph 
Griffith,  Maria  Catharina,  wife  of  Isaac  Hottow. 

(82.)  On  Sunday,  November  3rd.  In  Ditto.  Hans 
Henry,  son  of  William  and  Anna  Meekel;  born  Octo- 
ber 3i"*^  last.  Susceptr.  Uliich  Roth,  Henry  Hayni 
and  Barbara,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(83.)  Hans  Ulrick.  son  of  Felix  and  Margaret  Morff; 
born  April  lO^'i-  last.  Susceptr.  John  Giessendanner, 
John  Heller,  Margaret,  wife  of  Peter  Larry. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(84,)  Margaret,  daughter  of  Barnard  and  Susanna 
Elizabeth  Shnell;  born  May  15^'i-  last.  Susceptr.  Ja- 
cob Roth.  Barbara,  wife  of  Henry  Haym,  and  Marga- 
ret, wife  of  Adam  Shnell.  ^ 

(85.)  On  Sunday,  December  1st.  Samuel,  son  of 
John  and  Margaret  Inabnet;  born  October  24th-  jj^yt. 
Susceptr.  Samuel  Suther,  John  Friday,  Junr.,  Mary, 
wife  of  John  Balziger. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(86.)  Maria,  daughter  of  Michael  Christopher  and 
Margaret  Rowe;  born  October  25t'i-  last.  Susceptr. 
John  and  Barbara  Giessendanner,  Isaac  Hottow,  Su- 
sanna Barbara  (liessendanner. 

(87.)  On  Sunday  December  15<i'-  1751.  In  Orange- 
burgh  Church.  Jacob,  son  of  Thomas  and  Anna  Maria 
Eberhardt;  born  November  26th.  last.  Suscei»tr.  Ja- 
cob (liessendanner,  Jacob  Ott,  Magdalena  Werner. 

(88.)  On  Sunday,  December  29th.  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Elizabeth  Burdell:  born  October  29ti' 


180  THE  HISTORY  OF 

1750.  Susceptr,    Peter  Faure  ai.d  Sarah,  his  wife,  Bar- 
bara, wife  of  John  Jeunings. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(89.)   Mary,  daughter  of  David   and  Mary  Rumph: 
horn  August  16^''-  1751.     Susceptr.   Brand  Pendarvis, 
Ann,  wife   of  Joseph   lU)l)inson,   Ann,  wife  of  Jacoh 
Rumph. 
1752. 

(90.)  January  1st.,  John,  son  of  Henry  and  Mary 
Elizabeth  Felder;  born  December  12t''-  1751.  Susceptr. 
Jacob  Rumph,  Jacob  Giessendanner,  Anna  Margaret, 
wife  of  Jacob  Strowman. 

On  Sunday,  January  \2^^^-    In  Amelia. 

(91.)  Rosin  a,  daughter  of  John  and  Regina  Tittily: 
born  January  6t'>-  1752.  Susceptr.  David  and  Rosina 
Markly,  Ann  Mary  Festner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(92.)  Charles,  son  of  John  and  Sophianisba  McCord: 
born  November  7^*^  1751.  Susceptr.  Charles  Russell. 
John  and  Rachel  Lloyd. 

(98.)  On  Sunday,  January  12<''-    In  Amelia. 

Rachel  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel 
Lloyd;  born  October  9tii-  1751.  Susceptr.  Charles 
Russell,  Eugenia  Russell,  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Heatly. 

On  Sunday,  February  2nd.   In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

(94.)  Johann  Nicolas,  son  of  Hans  Ceorge  and  Cath- 
arina  Hessy:  born*  Susceptr.  John  Heller,  Nicolas 
Shuler,  Margaret,  wife  of  (Uiristopher  Howe. 

(95.)  On  Sunday,  February  28rd.  Rebekar.  daughter 
of  Samuel  and  Willoughby  Fox:  born  September  llti>- 

1751.  Susceptr.    John   Bni-dell.  Mary  Fox,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  William  Barrie. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  131 

On  Siuidny.  March  St'i-    In  Amelia. 

(9().)  John,  son  of  Joseph  and  Miles  Joyner;  boin 
the  15^'»  of  July  1750.  Susceptr.  John  Russell  Joseph 
Jackson,  and  Mary  Jackson. 

On  Sunday,  March  lo^ii.  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

(97.)  Sarah,  daughter  of  Leonard  and  Sarah  Warne- 
dow;   Ix^rn*     Susceptr.f 

(9S.)  April  I3f''-  Baptized.  Catharina,  daughter  of 
Joseph  and  Anne  Deranius;  horn  12f'i-  of  February 
last.  Susceptr.  William  Bonnell,  Barbara  Pund. 
widow,  and  Catharina.  wife  of  Thomas  Prickridge. 

(99.)  On  Sunday,  April  26tii-  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 
Benjamin,  son  of  Brand  and  Sertina  Pendaivis:  born 
February  9th  last.  Susceptr.  Gavin  Pou,  Samuel 
Suther,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Cooper. 

(100.)  On  Sunday  May  lO^''-  In  Amelia.  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Barker;  born 
March  17<i>-  last.  Susceptr.  John  Russell,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Miles  Riley,  and  Mary  Camniel. 

On  Sunday  May  17t'»-    In  Amelia  Church. 

(101.)  Maria  Catharina,  daughter  of  Martin  Stoud- 
enmeyer  and  Anna,  his  wife;  born  February  Sti>-  last. 
Susceptr.  Fi-ederick  Huber,  Mary  Catharina.  wife  of 
Elias  Snell,  and  Maria  Catharina,  wife  of  Isaac  Hot- 
tow. 

(102.)  On  Sunday,  June  21st.  In  Ditto.  Johannes, 
son  of  Adam  and  Margaret  Snell;  born  March  the 
2Sti>-  i^igt"  vSusceptr.  John  Harrisperger.  Henry  and 
Mary  Elizabeth  Felder. 

June  21st.    Baptized  in  Orangeburgh  Church. 

(103.)  Johannes,  Son  of  Richard  ».^'  Mary  Busk;  Born 
May  2^  last; 

Suscept.'".  David  linni])li.  Brand  Pendarvis.  and  Ser- 
tina. his  wife  ■  •  ■ 

*No  date  yiven.     tN<»i"<'  .uivni. 


132  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(104.)   On  Sunday  June  2Sth  hi  Ditto. 

James.  Son  of  John  «S:  Christina  Fairy;  Born  Dec'; 
29t[»  1751.     Suscepti;    Joseph  Griffith,  Seth    Hatchen 
Christina  Fairy. 

(105.)  On  Sunday  July  12^}}  In  Amelia  at  the  House 
of  Mary  Russell. 

John,  Son  of  Morris  &  Phibbe  OHearn;  Born  March 
17th.  1752.   Suscepti;. 

Caspar  Brown,  John  Elders  Sen.  Mary,  wife  of  Con- 
rad Holman. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(106.)  Priscilla,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Frances  Cur- 
tis; Born  Septembr   23^?   1751. 

Suscepfi;  William  Thompson,  Ann  Cox,  &  Phible. 
wife  of  Morris  OHearn 

(107.)  On  Monday  July  13tA'  In  Amelia  at  the 
House  of  William  Martin. 

Samuel,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Faithful  Joyner;  born 
January  13'.'.^  1752.  Suscept*;  John  Gardner,  James 
Cape,  Agnes  Joyner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(108.)  Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Faithful 
Joyner;  born  Sept»;  17^^  1749.  Suscept';  James  Cape, 
Agnes  Joyner,  Elizabeth  Frances. 

(109.)  July  13th  Baptized.  In  Amelia  at  the  House 
of  William  Martin. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Paul  &  Naomi  Bunch;  born  July 
71th.  1750.  and 

(110.)  Elizabeth,  their  Daughter:  born  April  17fh 
1752.  Suscept';  for  both:  Joseph  Joyner,  Winifred 
Joyner,  Mary  Bunch. 

(111.)  On  Sunday  July  26th  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 
Mary=Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Jacob  A:  Ann-Apolloni;i 
Wolf;  born  May  29th  1752.  Suscepf;  John  (leorge 
Hessy,  Ann  Diedrick.  Ann  Wolf. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  138 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(112.)  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  William  &  Bellinder 
Booth;  born  July  (>t[i.  1752. 

Suscepf;  Henry  Felder.  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Grif- 
fice,  Magdalene  Werner. 

(113.)   On  Sunday  August  2<i    ...    Tn  Ditto. 

Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anna  Rumph;  born  July  9th. 
1752.  Susceptl  John  Friday  Jun.  Abraham  Yssenhut, 
Barbara,  wife  of  Jacob  Bowman. 

(114.)   On  Sunday  August  9^.1»         In  Amelia. 

John.  Son  of  Patrick  &  Ann  Railly;  born  July  12^^. 
1752.  Susceptll  Conrad  Holman,  Garret  Fitz  Patrick. 
&  Mary,  wife  of  Robert  Whitford. 

(115.)  August  16^;''.  Baptized  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

Michael,  Son  of  Michael  &  Regula  Larry;  Born  Jul}' 
8th.  1752.  Suscept':.  John  Giessendanner,  Samuel  Su- 
ther,  Margaret,  wife  of  Michael  Christopher  Row. 

(116.)   On  Sunday  August  30^.^ In  Ditto. 

John,  Son  of  John  &  Sirrah  Clayton;  born  October 
25th  1751.  SusceptL  Luke  Partrick,  Brand  Pendarvis. 
&  Sirrah,  wife  of  Peter  Faure. 

(117.)   On  Sunday  Septembi;  24th. .     in  Amelia. 

Mary.  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Mary  Carter;  Born  Au- 
gust 10th.  i750_  Sureties;  Joseph  Clarry,  Elizabeth 
Lapp,  &  Mary=Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Holman. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(118.)  Joseph,  Son  of  the  Pai'ents  aforesaid;  Born 
April  13th  1752.  Sureties:  Joseph  Clarry,  Charles 
Russell,  Elizabeth  Jones. 

(119.)  On  Sunday  Octobi;  22'1  In  Orangel)urgh  Church. 

Verena=Maria,  Daughter  of  Wenner  &  Ann=Mary 
Ulmer;  born  August  29th.  1752.  SusceptI  John  Friday 
Jun.  Verena,  wife  of  Nicholas  Shuler.  «t  Anna^Maria. 
wife  of  Nicholas  Durr. 

(12(1.)   On  Sunday  Oct()l)r29th..      In  Ditto. 

Antony.  Son  of  Joseph  iV:  Ann  Robinson:  l)()iii  An- 


184  THE  HISTORY  OF 

gust  23<J  1752.  Susceptl  John  Jennings.  Henry  Crufii- 
my,  &  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Cooper. 

(121.)  On  Sunday  Octol)!  2^M}}.  Baptized  in  Orang-. 
Church. 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Joseph  »i:  Margaret  Coopei-: 
born  in  August  last.  Suscept^  Jacob  Wolf.  Ann 
Wolf,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  (laviu  Pou. 

(122.)   On  Sunday  Novembi  12^''         In  Amelia. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Michael  t^  Mary.. Magdalene 
Looser;  born  Septl  8^?  1752.  Susceptu  Geoi'ge-  Ulrick 
Carich,  Mary^^Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Haiman,  tV:  Mary= 
ReginaTittely. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco, 

(123.)  Frederica,  Daughter  of  Martin  &  Magdalena 
Poutchmouth;  born  Octobi;  28'?  1752.  Susceptr  Valen- 
tine Shoemaker,  &  Lorotliea  Shoemaker,  &  Mary=Ann. 
wife  of  Conrad  Hahuan. 

(124.)  On  Tuesday  Novj;  \P}}  Administered  private 
Baptism  at  the  House  of  Peter  Larry  in  Presence  of 
the  said  Peter  Larry,  Peter  Negely.  Hans  Negely  etc. 
to 

Hans  Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Catharina  Koonen: 
Born  Octobi:  l«t  1752. 

(125.)  On  Sunday  Novi:  19^'.^  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

William,  Son  of  Joseph  it  Margaret  Orieffous;  born 
Octobi:  2<i  1752.  SusceptI  Christian  Roth,  Peter  Grief- 
fous,  wife  of  Elias,  Mary=Catliarina. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(12(^.)  Susannah,  Daughter  of  John  H:  Barl)ara  (lies- 
sendanner:  Born  Thursday  night  Octob";  2^^^}}  1752. 
Suscept£  John=William  Leysaht  c\:  Ursula,  his  wife. 
Margaret,  wife  of  Michael  Christopher  Bow. 

(127.)  Baptized  in  Orangel)urgh  Chundi.  On  Thurs- 
day,  November  28'<l'    Ijuke,  son   of  laike   and    Mary 


ORANCxEBURa  COVTNTY.  135 

Partrick,  born 1752.     Susceptr.    Peter  Faure.* 

Rebecca,  wife  of  Christian  Mi n nick. 

On  Sunday,  Deceml)er  3'<'- 

(128.)  Johann  Henry,  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
Suther;  born  October  2nd.  1752.  Susceptr.  John  Har- 
risperpjer,  Henry  Rickenbacker,  and  Anna,  his  wife. 

On  Sunday,  December  lO^'i-    In  Amelia. 

(129.)  Absolom,  son  of  John  and  Agnes  Griff'en; 
born  September  21st.  1748.  Sureties:  Nathan  Joyner 
and  Winifred,  his  wife,  and  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Conrad 
Hal  man. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(130.)  Choice,  daughter  of  John  and  Agnes  UritTen. 
born  January  3rd.  1750.  Susceptr.  John  William 
Leysaht,  Mary  Ann.  wife  of  Coniad  Holman,  and 
Winifred,  wnfe  of  Nathan  Joyner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(131.)  Charles,  son  of  Nathan  and  Winifred  Joyner; 
born  September  27fi^-  1751.  Susceptr.  John  Griffen. 
Gideon  Bunch,  and  Elizabeth  Makkie. 

(132.)  On  Sunday,  December  17tii-  In  Orangeburgh 
Church.  Anne,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Ann  Catharina 
Wannamaker;  born  May  31st.  1752.  Susceptr.  Hans 
George  Shuler.  Senr..  und  Catharina.  his  wife,  and 
Mary  Margaret  vSknyder.  widow. 

(133.)  Baptized  in  Orangeburgh  Church,  on  Sunday. 
December  24fi'-  William,  son  of  James  and  Margaret 
Tilly:  born  October  l)ti>-  1752.  Susceptr.  William 
Barrie.  William  Coopei-.  and  Margaret,  wife  of  Chris- 
topher Rowe. 

On  Christmas  Day.  December  25fi'- 

(134.)    Henry,  son  of  Peter  and  Margaret  liarbara 

Hottow.   l)orn   175 — .     Susce[)tr.    Henry  Sally. 

Junr..  Isaac  Hottow.  Susannah  Vcmn, 

"Xcxt  iiMUic  <il>l iterated. 


136  THE  HISTORY  OF 

1753. 

(135.)  On  Sunday,  February  4th.  Johann.  Caspar, 
son  of  John  Caspar  and  Anna  Barbara  Mintz;  born 
January  2(i»ti>-  1753.  Susceptr.  John  Friday,  Seiir:, 
John  Friday,  Junr..  and  Susannah,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

( 136.)  Margaret.  Daughtei-  of  Gottlieb  &  Anne  Eljei't; 
l)orn  January  21st.  1753.  Suscept^;.  John  Aniacher 
Juni'-,  Margaret,  wife  of  Peter  Larry.  «t  Margaret,  wife 
of  Ulrick  Stereky. 

On  Sunday  February  I  U.','     In  Amelia. 

(137.)  Catharina.  .Margaret.  Daughter  of  Thomas  A: 
Margaret  Cronimelich;  born  Feb£  d^}}  1753.  Suscept^' 
Mathew  &  Margaret  Sreferet,  &  Catharine  Ax. 

On  Sunday,  Feb":  \S^}}    In  Orangel)urgh  Church. 

(138.)    Isaac  and  Jacob,  Twins.  Sons  of  Abraham   &■ 
Mary  Yssenhut;    born  Decern l)|;  2()t^  1752.     Suscepf; 
for  Isaac:     Henry  &  Mary., Elizabeth  Felder,  and  Hans 
Balziger. 

(139.)  SusceptJ;  for  Jacob:  Jacob  Rumph,  Joseph 
Duke,  iV:  Mary,  wife  of  Hans  Balziger. 

On  Sunday  February  \^^}}  1753.    In  Orang:  Church. 

(140.)  Catharina,  Daughter  of  John  &  Catharina 
Miller;  born  January  3*?  1753.  Suscept^  John  Giessen- 
danner,  Verena,  wife  of  Henry  Wurtzer  and  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  John  Harrisperger. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(141.)  Theodor,  Son  of  Nicolas  &  Mary  Dirr:  born 
January  20tji  1753.  Snscept/  Theodoris  Fichtner, 
Adam  Snell,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  Henry  Snell  Sen'; 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(142.)  John,  Son  of  Emanuel  .^'  Mary  Miller;  l)orn 
January  15tji  1753,  SusceptL  John  Inabnet.  John  Har- 
risperger, &  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Suthcr. 

On  Sunday  February  25f'.>     In  Ditto. 

(143.)    Christian,    Son     of     liarnard    *.V:    Susannah-. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  137 

Elizabeth  Snell;  born  Dec.';  20ti'  1752.  Suscept.r  Mi- 
(.'hael  Christopher  Row,  John  Anding.  &  Elizabeth, 
wife  ottSamuel  Sntlier. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(144.)  Joseph,  son  of  Robert  and  Frances  Ellison; 
!)orn  .lanuary  S^JJ  1753.  Suscept>;  Jacob  GJiessendan- 
oer,  Martin  Sally,  <t  Elizabeth  Ellison. 

On  Sunday  March  25^.1.^    In  Ditto. 

(145.)  William,  son  of  John  &  Sarah  Clayton;  born 
Decenibj;  iStii  1752.  Suscepf;  John  Kays,  John  Logan, 
A:  I^lizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Suther. 

Baptized  In  Orange  burgh  Ohurch. 

(146.)   On  Sunday  March  25t.ii 

Gideon,  son  of  Philip  &  Elizabeth  Jennings;  born 
Feb':  17^11.  1753.  Suscept^;  Jacob  Rumph,  John  Clay- 
ton, it  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

On  Sunday,  April  1st.  In  Ditto. 

(147.)  Johannes,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Anna  Koch;  born 
March  17tii.  1753.  Suscept£  John  Harrisperger,  John 
Amacher  Jun.  &  Margaret,  wii'e  of  Peter  Larry  Sen. 

On  Sunday  April  S^}}         In  Amelia. 

(148.)  Mary.  Daughter  of  William  &  Mary.-Eliza- 
I)eth  Heatly;  born  March  3^?  1753,  Suscept£  James 
Courtonne,  Rachel,  wife  of  John  Lloyd,  and  Rebecca 
Thompson. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(149.)  Barbara,  Daughter  of  William  &  Barbara  Tash: 
horn  March  5^1.  1753.     SusceptI  Frederick  Burckhard 
Margaret,  wife  of  Henry  Kaun,  &  Barbara  Burkhard. 

(150.)  On  Tuesday  April  10ti\  At  the  House  of  Moses 
Thompson,  Esql'         hi  Amelia. 

George,  Son  of  William  Vance  Deceased,  it  Sarah, 
his  wife;  bom  November  S^l'.  1751.  Suscept?;  Moses 
Thompson  Esq'.'  .  William  'IMiompson.  Rebecca/rhomp- 
son. 

(151.)    Baptized      •        In  Orangelnirgh  Chiii'ch. 


138  THE  HISTORY  OF 

On  Easter^ Sunday  April  22^ 

Bernhard=David,  Son  of  Jobn,.Jacob  &  Christiana.. 
Barbara  Hungerbnller;  born  Dec\'  24^.'.'  1752.  Suscep]: 
Bernhard  Zeigler,  David  Kuntzenaaer.  &  Ana..Mar- 
garet  Barrin 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(152.)  Anne.  Daughter  of  Henry  Jun.  and  Magdalene 
Sally;  born  Dec";  W}}.  1752.  SnsceptL  Martin  Sally. 
Anne,  wife  of  Jacob  Kahnen  Sen.  &  Christina,  wife  of 
Nicholas  Yonn. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(153.)  Zibilla..Catharina,  Daughter  of  Conrad  &: 
Mary=Elizabeth  Hungerbnller;  born  Feb';  \^  1753. 
Susceptr  Henry  Shilling,  Zibilla..Catharina  Petrin,  & 
Catharina  Barrin 

(154.)   On  Sunday  April  29th.  ,     jo  Ditto. 

Joseph,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Martha  Wood;  born  Janu- 
ary 20th.  1753  Suscepf:  John  Giessendanner,  John 
William  Leysaht,  &  Susan nah,,Barbara  Giessendan- 
ner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(155.)  Grace,  Daughter  of  William  &  Sarah  Heart; 
born  March  19th  1753.  SusceptL  Martin  Sally,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  William  Barrie,  &  Rebeccah,  wife  of 
Christian  Minnick. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(156.)  Sarah,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Margaret  Duke; 
born  March  15th  1753  Suscept^  Peter  Faure.  and 
Sarah,  his  wife,  &  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Suther. 

(157.)   Baptized  ....         In  Amelia. 

On  Sunday  May  20ti' 

Mary.,  Daughter  of  John  S:  Mary  Sullivan:  born 
January  27th.  1752.  Susceptj;  Kobert  Gossling.  Mary, 
wife  of  liobert  Whitford,  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Thomas  Barker. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  139 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(158.)  Charles  Foiiquett.  Son  of  Archibald  Campbell 
A:  Eugenia,  his  wife,  dec^  born  Nov  I".  4:^}}.  1751.  Sus- 
cept£  John  Fouquett  Esq^  James  Bently  &  Susannah, 
his  wife. 

(159.)  On  Sunday  May  27tii  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 
Lydia,  Daughter  of  David  &  Mary  Jackson;  born  March 
4^}}  1753.  SusceptI  William  Cooper  &  Sarah,  his  wife, 
it  Margaret,  wife  of  Joseph  Oriffice 

(160.)   On  Whitsunday  June  U)[^}.  In  Orang:  Church. 

Ann=Catharina,  Daughter  of  Barnard  &  ApoUonia 
Lebennder.  born  May  27^.'.*.  1753.  Suscept£  John  & 
Ann..Catliarina  Simmons,  &  Catharina  Funtzius, 
widow. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(161.)  Elizabeth. .Barbara,  Daughter  of  P^lias  & 
Mary. .Catharina  Snell:  born  May  10^'.'  1753.  SusceptL 
Frederick  Huber,  &  Anna.. Barbara,  his  wife,  &  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  Harrisperger. 

(162.)    Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Whit  Sunday  June  10^1'. .  . 

John  Henry;  Son  of  Charles  &  Ann  Hottovv;  born 
May  2(5ti>  1753.  •  SusceptL  Henry  Mill:  Jacob  Tshudy, 
Margaret  McLannon. 

(163.)   On  Sunday  June  17^.';.  .  .     In  xAmelia. 

Mary. .Ann,  Daughter  of  Conrad  ct  Mary. .Ann  Hal- 
man;  born  May  14t'.\  1753. 

SusceptI  Caspar  Brown.  Maria,  wife  of  Joseph  Fest- 
ner,  and  Kegina.  wife  of  John  Willis 

(164.)   On  Sunday  June  14^.'.'.  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

Jolm.  Son  of  John  «t  Elizabeth  Burdell:  born  March 
\7\\\  1753.  Suscei)t^  Chri.st()i)her  Kow,  Jn*»  William 
Leysaht.  it  Margaret,  wife  of  CliristV    Ivow. 

(1()5.)    On  Sunday  July  S'.i'.     in  Amelia. 

Marv.    Dauiihter   of  Jolin    ct    Aiiues   (Ji-ilfen:    born 


140  THE  HISTORY  OF 

April  218^.  1753.  Susceptl"  Caspar  Brown,  Brigitta 
Smith,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Martin  Poutchmouth. 

(166.)   On  Sunday  Jnly  2^)^}}  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

William,  Son  of  William  &  Mary  Yoang;  Born  May 
19th.  1753.  Susceptr  John  Giessendanner,  Lewis  Lin- 
der,  &  Mary.. Magdalene,  his  wife. 

(167.)   On  Sunday  August  12th.  !„  Amelia. 

Mary.. Margaret,  Daughter  of  Matthew  &  Margaret 
Sigfritt;  born  June  W^±  1758.  Susceptl  Thomas  Gum- 
ble,  Margaret  &  Mary. .Ann  Sigfritt. 

(168.)   Baptized In  Orangeb';. Church. 

On  Sunday  August  19Hl-  •  -  ■ 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Ann  Rickenbacher: 
born  July  3<?  1753.  SusceptL  Henry  Shilling,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  John  Harrisperger,  &  Catharina,  wife  of 
Hans  George  Hessy. 

(169.)  On  Sunday  Septl  16th.  in  Saxagotha  Town- 
ship. 

Margaret,  Daughter  of  Peter  &  Elizabeth  Mercier, 
born  July  25th.  1753,  Suscepf;  William  &  Esther 
Seawright,  Elizabeth  Mercier-  -  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(170.)  William,  Son  of  Alex":  &  Margaret  McGrue: 
born  April  24th  1752.  Suscepf;  Alexander  &  Mary 
Eraser,  Mary  McGrue. 

(171.)   On  Sunday  Sepf;   23^    In  Orangeburgh  Chl£h. 

Johannes,  Son  of  John  William  &  Ursula  Leysaht: 
born  Sept  r.  2«?  1753.  Suscept';  John  &  Barbara  Gies- 
sendanner,  Michi  Christopher  Rowe. 

(172.)  On  Sunday  Septl  30th. .  .     In  Ditto. 

Johannes,  Son  of  John  Jun.  and  Susannah  Fridig: 
born  Septr  9th  1753.  SusceptL  Ulrick  Raber,  John 
Balziger  Sen:  and  Maigaret,  wife  of  Christopher  Row- 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(178.)   Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  «t  Eva..Cathari- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  141 

na  Jubb;  born  February  VS^J}  1753.  Suscept^  *  Mary, 
wife  of  Joseph  Couton,  &  Catharina,  wife  of  George 
Hessy 

Baptized at  the  House  of  John  Eberly, 

(174.)   On  Thursday  Octob.':  11th.. 

Susannah,  Daughter  of  John  &  Ann  Eberly;  born  in 
August  1758.  Suscept£  Eberhardt  &  Ann  Kirchner, 
&  Mary.. Magdalene,  wife  of  Lewis  Linder. 

On  Sunday  Octob£  21-!^^    In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

(175.)  Frederick,  Son  of  Henry  &  Mary.. Elizabeth 
Felder;  born  Septemb]!  1^  1753.  Suscept£^  Frederick 
Huber,  Nicholas  Shuler,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jen- 
nings. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(176.)  John=Frederick,  Son  of  Nicholas  &  Verena 
Shuler;  born  SeptembLS^h  1753  Susceptl^  Frederick 
nimer,  Francis  Koonen,  &  Ann.. Mary,  wife  of  Warner 
Ulmer. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(177.)  Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Lewis  &  Mary=Bar- 
bara  Roth;  born  OctobL  12th  1753^  SusceptL  Jacob 
Giessendanner,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Suther.  & 
Ann  ApoUonia,  wife  of  Jacob  Wolfe. 

On  Sunday  Octobi  28th in  Ditto. 

(178.)  Robert,  Son  of  Gavin  &  Margaret  Pou;  born 
Septemb£  lllji  1753.  Suscept^  Christopher  Rowe,  John 
Logan,  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

On  Sunday  Novemb£  4th. ii^  Ditto. 

(179.)  Mary. .Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Lewis  &  Catha- 
rina..Elizabeth  Kern;  born  Oct  I".  6t^i  1753. 

Suscept^  Frederick  Huber,  Margaret,  widow  of  Ja- 
cob Gyger,  &  Anna.. Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Giegel- 
nian. 

Baptized  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

"■•First  nuiiie  <>l)lit('r;ite(l. 


J  42  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(180.)   On  Sunday  Novembi:  25U> 

Elizabeth,  Dangbter  of  John  &  Barbara  Piatt:  born 

October  28^.1'  1753 SusceptH   Ulrick   Koth,  Ann. 

wife  of  William  Meckel,  &  Ann,  wife  of  Peter  Griffith. 

On  Sunday  December  ^^]}     In  Amelia. 

(181.)  Lydia,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Elizabetli  Cry- 
er;  born  May  2<?  1753.  SusceptL  Garret  Fitz=Patrick. 
Ann,  wife  of  Thomas  Rally,  &  Priscilla,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Martin. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(182.)  Margaret.. Catharin a,  Daughter  of  Valentine 
&  Margaret  Shoemaker;  born  Novembr  lO^i'  1753. 
Suscept£  Jacob  Whideman,  Margaret  Myer  and  Ann 
Myer. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(183.)  Ann. .Margaret,  Daughter  of  Michael  &  Ann.. 
Mary  Smith;  born  SeptembL  7^^  1753.  SusceptT  John 
Myer,  Barbara,  wife  of  Henry  Whetstone.  &■  Ann. .Mar- 
garet Darweta, 

(184.)  On  Tuesday  Decemb£  W^  Administered  pri- 
vate Baptism  at  the  House  of  Mary  Stehely  to  Mar- 
garet, Daughter  of  Caspar  &   Mary  Oth;  born  Sepf; 
29th    1753.     Present:    Melchior  Oth,  Joseph    Kryter. 
John  Negely  etc.  etc. 

(185.)  On  Friday  Decenibi;  14^^  Administered  private 
Baptism  at  the  House  of  Henry  Stareky  to  Ann. 
Daughter  of  8  ti  Henrys  Elizabeth  Stareky;  born  No- 
vembL  2811^  1753.     Present:  Haym,  Peter  Negely. 

(186.)  On  Wednesday  Decemb';  2()ti'.  1753.  In 
Oraneb.  Church.     Baptized 

Zibilla.  Daughter  of  Barnard  Si  Anne. .Mary  Ziegler: 
born  Dec;  \0\\^  1753.  SusceptL  Joseph  &  Elizabeth 
Huber,  &  Zibilla  Fiintzius   •  ■  •  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(187.)  Mary. .Margaret.  Danghtei'  of  Hans..(ie()rge  «t 
Kosina  liussel:  born  Octol)';  25^''  1753.  Suscept^  Peter 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  143 

^yi:  Margaret.. Barbara  Hottow,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Abraham 
Yssenhut. 

(ISS.)   Oa  Sunday  Decern br   30*^---.   In  Ditto. 

Susannah,  Daughter  of  James  &  Elizabeth  Carter; 
born   August  29|ii   1753.     Suseepti:  David  Hall,   Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Christopher  Rowe,  &  Barbara,  wife  of 
John  Jennings. 
1754 

(189.)   January  li^ In  Ditto. 

John,  son  of  John.,Peter  &  Magdalene  Tondel;  born 
Noverabi  30t'i  1753.  Suscept£  John.. Veronica  Anding, 
&  P'rederick  Huber. 

(190.)   On  Sunday  January  131^  •  •  •  •    In  Ditto. 

Hans  Ulrick,  Son  of  Christian  &  Elizabeth  Roth; 
born  January  b^l^  1754.  Suscept£  Hans  Roth,  Ulrick 
Roth,  &  Ann,  wife  of  Charles  Hottow 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(191.)  Margaret,  Daughter  of  John  &  Margaret  Ina-b- 
net;  born  January  2^  1754.  SusceptL  Caspar  Negely. 
Magdalene,  wife  of  Hans  Iradorff,  and  Magdalene 
Hugg,  widow-  . . 

(192.)   Baptized in  Oiangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  February  3*)  •  •  ■ 

Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  «t  Mary=Susaunah  Herlan;  born 
January  29^^^  1754.  Suseepti'  Joseph  &  Susannah  Kry- 
ter  &  John  Mintz. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(193.)  Margaret.. Barbara,  Daughter  of  George.. Fred- 
erick &  Elizabeth  Knobel;  born  December  bSt.'i.  1753. 
....  Suscept/  Nicolas  Dirr.  Bai'bara  Egly.  cV:  Margaret 
Fichtner 

(194.)   On  Sunday  February  lOU'  ■  ■  •    In  Amelia. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  John  iV:  Sophinisba  M<:C(n-d:  born 
Decembll  ID.'.'  1753:  Suscept':  William  i\:  Mary.. Eliza- 
beth Heatly.  cV:  Rachel,  wife  of  John  Lloyd. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 


144  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(195.)  Mary. .Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  &  Eegina 
Tittily;  born  January  3*?  1754.  SusceptI  Jacob  Peck, 
Mary.. Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Halnian,  &  Brigitta  Smith. 

(196.)  On  Sunday  February  17^.';.  In  Orangeburgh 
Church. 

Abraham,  Son  of  Abraham  &  Susannah  La  Puis: 
born  February  2^  1754.  SusceptI  Henry  Haym,  Jo- 
seph Huber  &  Eli2;abeth,  his  wife. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(197.)  John, .Christopher,  Son  of  Caspar  Andrery  k 
Sophia.. Elizabeth  Hannicke;  born  February  l()t'.>  1754. 
Suscept^  John  Giessendanner,  Christopher  Row,  &  Ver- 
ena,  wife  of  Henry  Wurtzer. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco. 

(198.)  Catharina=Barbara,  Daughter  of  Stephen  t^' 
Mary.. Ann  Whitman;  born  FebL3<?  1754.  SusceptL 
John  Friday  Jun.  Catharina,  wife  of  Henry  Stroman, 
&  Barbara,  wife  of  Frederick  Huber. 

(199.)   Baptized .  •  •  •   In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  February  17^11 

Mary=Catharina,  Daughter  of  Wenner  &  Ann. .Mary 
Ulmer;  born  January  9H^  1754.  SusceptI  George  Hes- 
sy,  Mary,  wife  of  Nicolas  Dirr,  &  Catharina  Barrin. 

(200.)  On  Friday  February  22'}  Administered  pri- 
vate Baptism  at  the  House  of  Hans  Imboden  to  Ulrick, 
Son  of  the  said  Hans  &  Catharina  Imboden;  born  Jan- 
uary 25Hl  1754.  Present  Peter  Negely,  Joseph  Koch, 
&c.  &c. 

(201.)  On  Sunday  March  mji        In  Amelia. 

Garret,  Son  of  Garret  &  Agnesia  Fitz  •Patrick;  born 
Novemby  9ti'  1753.  SusceptI  John. .Frederick  Ox, 
William  Ballentine,  &  Mary. .Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Hal- 
man. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(202.)  Rosina,  Daughter  of  John. .Conrad  &  Juliana 
Huber;  born 1754. .  . 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  145 

Suscepf  Joseph  Festner,  Rosina  Marky,  &  Margaret 
Koriig. 

(203.)   Eodem  Die  et  Looo:* 

(204.)   On  Sunday   March   17^'  In  Orangeburgh 

Church. 

Ann.  Daughter  of  John  &  Esther  Heller;  horn  Janu- 
ary l^t  1754.  Suscepf  Peter  Roth,  Magdalene,  wife  of 
Peter  Murer  Jun..  &  Catharina,  wife  of  Hans.. George 


(205.)    Baptized  .  ■ .  •         In  Oi-angeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  March  24t'i 

Peter.. Herman.  Son  of  Henry  &  Magdalene  Crum- 
my; born  Feb';  2^)  1754.  Suscepf  Hans  Imdorf.  Hen- 
ry &  Mary.. Elizabeth  Felder.  . . 

(206.)  On  Wednesday  April  3<?  At  the  House  of 
-----     Mr.  Daniel  Shyder. 

John,  Son  of  the  s'?  Daniel  &  Elizabeth  Shyder;  born 
March  20th  1754.  Suscept''  John  Giessendanner,  John 
Baker,  &  Susan nah=Barbara,  wife  of  George  Giessen- 
danner. 

(207.)   On  Sunday  April  7t''. .    In  Amelia. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Samuel  Bly  &  Margaret  Beck; 
born  March  l«t  1754.  Suscept=^  Peter  Beck,  Mary,, 
Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Hal  man,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Robert 
Whitford... 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(20S.)  Anna,  Daughter  of  Henry  t*i:  Margaret  Koone: 
born  March  S^'  1754.  Suscept=  Jacob  Wideman,  An- 
na, widow  of  Hans  Whetstone,  cV:  Barl)ara.  wife  of 
Henry  Whetstone. 

(209.)  On  Thursday  April  1  P>'  In  Orageburgh 
Church.  Hans=Emanuel,  Son  of  John^^Martin  and 
Ann,,Margai"et  Hossleiter:  born  March  istii  1754.  Sus- 

■■^This  wiiolc  entry  luis  Ix'cii  crMscd  from  tiic  liook,  or  else  \v:is  lu'vcr 
jmt  in. 


146  THE  HISTORY  OF 

cept=  Emanuel  Miller,  John&  Elizabeth  Harrisperger. 

(210.)   On  Easteiv.Snnday  April  14tji  Baptized. 

In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

George^^Adam,  Son  of  John, ^Frederick  &  Mary.^Bar- 
bara  Ulmer;  born  March  20^''  1754.  Suscepti"  Nicolas 
Shuler,  George  Hessy,  &  Julianna,  wife  of  Henry 
Snell  Jun. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(211.)  Mary,,Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  &  Eliza- 
beth Waber;  born  March  24»i»  1754.  Suscep=  Nicolas 
Waber  Jun,  Anna^^Maria,  wife  of  Nicolas  Waber,  Sen^^ 
&  Eve,,Elizabeth  Hertzog/ 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(212.)  Mary  ^.Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Anna 
Bress;  born  March  1?^  1754-.  Suscept  Hans=George 
Rintz,  Aun^^Mary,  wife  of  Bern  hard  Ziegler,  &  Eliza- 
beth Myer 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(213.)  Anna^^Catharina,  Daughter  of  George  &  Cath- 
arina  Ulrick;  born  January  26f'M 754.  Suscep=  Ulrick 
&  Angelia  Raber,  &  Anna^A'^tharina,  wife  of  George,^ 
Jacob  Kurner. 

(214.)   On  Tuesday  April  23'j  . .  In  Charles  Town. 

At  the  House  of  Jnf>  Frederick  Shroder. 

Christina.^Dorothea,  Daughter  of  the  s*^  Jn<|  Fred- 
erick &  Dorothea  Shroder;  born  April  13ti>  1754.  Sus- 
cep=  John  Kelly,  Christina,  wife  of  Christopher  Nuffer, 
&  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Kelly. 

(215.)  Baptized:  At  the  House  of  Thomas  Pendar- 
vis  near  the  Four  Holes. 

On  Friday  April  26ti' 

David^.Frederick,  Son  of  John  &  Ann^^Margaret 
Windlee;  born  February  IS^'i  1754.  Suscepf  David 
Rumpli,  Hannah,  wife  of  Thomas  Pendarvis,  it  

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(21().)    Sarah,   Daughtei-  of    David   A:   Mary   Rumph: 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  147 

born  May  7*^  1753,  Susf-epf  Abraham  Penclarvis  & 
An n^, Margaret,  wife  of  John  Windlee. 

(217.)   On  Sunday  May  5f'>    In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

Regina,  Daughter  of  Michael  &  Regula  Larry;  born 
March  I8f'»  1754.  Suscepf  Ulrick  Roth,  Susannah, 
wife  of  John  Friday  Jnn=  &  Ann.  wife  of  Joseph  Dera- 
mus. 

(218.)   On  Sunday  May  12^'^  -  -    In  Amelia. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  John  &  Mary  Morrisson;  born 
Novembf;  3<?  1754.  Suscept  William  Ballentine,  Ann, 
wife  of  Duncan  Mclntire,  &  Barbara  Burkhardt. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(219.)  Eugenia,  Daughter  of  William  &  Eleanor 
Ballentine;  born  May  l^t  1754.  Suscep=  Moses  Thomp- 
son; Eugenia  Russell,  &  Mary,  wife  of  John  Morrisson. 

(220.)   Baptized At  Amelia. 

On  Sunday  May  \2^J' 

John=Conrad,  Son  of  Michael  &  Magdalene  Looser: 
born  March  1*"*  1754.  Suscep=  Conrad  Halman.  John 
Tittely,  &  Brigitta,  wife  of  Jacob  Peck. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(221.)  Hans=Michael,  Son  of  Christopher  &  Ann,, 
Mary  Kimmler;  born  April  12t'i  1754.  Suscept  Mi- 
chael Kirril  &  Mary ,,Marga ret,  his  wife,  &  Thomas 
Grim  lock. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(222.)  Christopher,  Son  of  Michael  &  Magdalene 
Kirril;  born  May  12*'^  1754.  Suscep^  Christopher  «t 
Ann,,Mary  Keller,  &  Thomas  (irimlock. 

(228.)   On  Sunday  May  26tii  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Thomas  <t  Mary  Eberhardt;  born 
March  22*?  1754.  Sus<'ept- John  Amacher  Jun..  Mary 
Cammel  &  Margaret,  wife  of  Michael  Christopher 
Rowe. 

(224.)   On  Sunday  June  t)ti> .  .in  Amelia,, 

Benjamin.  Son  of  Henry  «t  Mary  Carter:  born  April 


148  THE  HISTORY  OF 

13th  1754.  Suscepf  Alexander  Tate,  Robert  Carter,  k 
Mary,  widow  of  Robert  Whitford. 

Eodem  Die let, Loco: 

(225.)  Robert,  Son  of  Thomas  Hails  &  Eleanor,  his 
wile  deceas'd;  born  Octob";  28^''  1758:  Suscepf  Alex- 
ander Tate,  William  &  Elizabeth  McNirols. 

(22(1)    Baptized In  Amelia. 

On  Sunday  June  9t|i 

Margaret,  Daughter  of  Alexander  &  Isabel  1  Tate: 
born  Septemb'"  26ti^  1753.  Suscep=  Henry  Carter. 
Catharina  M^Nieols,  &  Elizabeth  Vanoe= 

(227.)   On  Sunday  July  l^]}   In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

Jacob,  Son  of  Hans^/xeorge  &  Catharina  Hessy;  born 
June  15^1'  1754.  Suscepf;.  Jacob  Rumph,  John  Heller 
&  Mary^^Barbara,  wife  of  Frederick  Ulmer. 

(228.)  On  Sunday  July  14ti'.  In  Amelia  at  the  House 
of  Capt.  William  Heatly  administered  public  Baptism 
to  Harry,  a  negro^^Child,  belonging  to  Timothy  Dari- 
gan. 

(229.)   Thomas,  belonging  to 

(230.)   Robert,  belonging  to 

Suscep:  for  the  Three:  Timothy  Darigan,  Thomas, 
a  Baptized  Negro,  belonging  to  the  s*?  Timothy  Dari- 
gan, Nancy,  a  baptized  negro.^woman,  belong,  to 

Nelly,  a  Ditto  belong,  to 

(231.)   On  Sunday  July  28<^'i  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

John.  Son  of  Heni-y  &  Catharina  Strowmann:  born 
July  7t'>  1754:  Suscept'"  John  Ciessendanner.  John 
Ott,  &  Barbara  Egly. 

(232.)   On  Sunday  August  25t'« .  .  .   In  Ditto. 

Samuel,  Son  of  Leon  hard  &  Sarah  Warnedow:  born 
Feb*"  15ti»  1754.  Suscep-  Jacob  Koonen,  Isaac  Hot- 
tow,  &  Ann,  wife  of  Peter  (iritfice. 

(233.)    Baptized    ...    In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

(Jn  Sunday  Septeml)'"  1^^ 

Ann=Margaret.  Daughter  of  Llias  (Jc  Mary=Catharina 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  149 

Snell;  born  August  18*''  1754.  Suseepf:  John  Fritch- 
man,  A nn,^ Margaret  wife  of  George  Shuler  Sen,  & 
Mary,3I^i'K^»i"Pt  Shnyder,  in  the  Room  of  Barbara, 
wife  of  Henry  Snell  Sen= 

(234.)   On  Sunday  Septemb^  22<!  ...   In  Ditto. 

Johann^^Adani,  Son  of  Adam  &  Margaret  Snell;  born 
August  24fj\  1754.  Suscep^  Jacob  Whideman,  Henry 
Snell  Jun„  &  Juliana,  his  wife 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(235.)  Jacob.  Son  of  Johannes  &  Elizabeth  Wolf; 
born  June  IS^j.^  1754.  Suscep*i  Jacob  Koonen,  Sen^, 
Francis  Koonen,  &  Magdalene,  wife  of  Hans  Imdorff. 

(236.)   On  Sunday  Septembr  29th. . .    in  Ditto. 

John,  Soil  of  Joseph  &  Margaret  Griftice;  born  July 
17th  1754.  Suscept^  Rudy  Harrisperger,  Joseph  k 
Mary  Coutier. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(237.)  John,  Son  of  Mark  Chatterton,  late  of  the 
Wateree  deceas^'  &  Ann,  his  wife;  born  June  28*^ 
1754.  Suscep^  Jacob  Toomer,  Joseph  Griffice,  &  Ann, 
wife  of  William  Meckel. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(238.)  Frances,  Daughter  of  Seth  &  Susannah  Hatch- 
er; born  Decemb'' 25t.h  1751. 

Suscepf  Peter  Grifhce,  Catharina.  wife  of  John  Jubb 
&  Hannah  Wolf. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(239.)  Mary,  Daughter  of  Seth  &  Susannah  Hatchei": 
born  April  4th  1754.  Suscept  Ulrick  Roth,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Samuel  Suther.  ^  Margaret,  wife  of  Gavin 
Pou. 

(240.)  Baptized.  .  .  at  Saxagotha  .  ■  at  the  House  of 
M^^  Elizabeth  Mercier. 

On  Sunday  October  H^.'. 

Martha,, Ann,  Daughter  of  Nathaniel  i^-  Ann   Pai't- 


150  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ridge;  boni  March  l^t  1754.  Suscep=  John  &  Mary 
Pearson,  &  Mary,  wife  of  William  Hay. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(241.)  Nathaniel,  Son  of  Nathaniel  &  Ann  Partridge: 
born  January  Xb^Jl  1751.  Suscept=  John  &  Mary  Pear- 
son &c  •  • . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(242.)  Martha,  Daughter  of  John  &  Mary  Pearson: 
born  Nov^  7t|  1754.  Suscep=  John  Handasyd,  Ann, 
wife  of  Nathaniel  Partridge  &  Mary,  wife  of  William 
Hay. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(243.)  John,  Son  of  Henry  &  Sarah  Snelli ng:  born 
April  2^  1754:  Suscep,,  John  Handasyd,  Richard 
Jackson,  Mary  Gill  •  •  •  • 

(244.)  James,  Son  of  James  &  Mary  Danly;  born 
Septembr  22^  1753.  Suscept=  Frederick  O'Neal,  Rich- 
ard Jackson,  &  Dorcas,  wife  of  Benjamin  Eberhardt. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(245.)  Isabell,  Daughter  of  Benjamin  &  Dorcas  Eb- 
erhardt; born  Septemb^Stii  Suscep=  Hugh  &  Esther 
Leviston,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  Alexander  M^Orue. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(246.)  Rose,  Daughter  of  James  &  Mary  Danly:  born 
Septemb''  IQth  1751.  Suscep=  Richard  Jackson,  Eu- 
genia Gibson  &  Ann  Hyde. 

(247.)   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

on  Sunday  Octobr  20th 

Abraham,  Son  of  Jacob  it  Ann  Kumph;  born  Sep- 
tembi"  27th  1754.  Suscep=  Abrnham  Rumph,  John 
Balziger  Jun=  Susannah=Barbara  (itiessendanner. 

(24S.)  On  Saturday  Octob''  2i^\\\  Administered  pri- 
vate Baptism  at  the  House  of  Peter  Murer  to  a  Sick 
Infant  viz.  John,  Son  of  Peter  Murer  Jun..it  jNIagda- 
lene,  his  wife;  born  August  4*;'.'  1754.  Present:  .lohn 
^  Jacob  Giegelman  ^c. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  151 

(249.)  On  Sunday  Deceinbl"  l^t  In  Orangeburgh 
Church. 

Jacob.  Son  of  Francis  &  Mar}^  Koonen;  born  Octob^' 
27tfi  1754  :li:  Suscep,,  John  Friday  Sen,,  John  Wolf 
in  the  Room  of  -lacob  Koonen  Sen^^  &  Anne,  wife  of 
Jacob  Runiph  in  the  Room  of  Verona,  wife  of  Jn" 
Nicolas  Shuler.  .  . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(250.)  John=Frederick.  Son  of  Christopher  &  Ange- 
lia  Miller;  born  Septemb'"  4th  1754  1.  Suscept=  Jn«' 
Frederick  Huber,  x\ndrew  Frederick,  &  Magdalene, 
wife  of  Peter  Son  del 

(251.)  On  Sunday  Decemb'"  15^1  In  Orangeburgh 
Church. 

Maria,  Daughter  of  Abraham  &  Mary  Yssenhut; 
born  Octobi;  3*?  1754.  Suscep=  Henry  &  Mary=Eliza- 
beth  Felder,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  Christopher  Rowe. 

(252.)  On  Sunday  Decemb''  22<?  .  In  Ditto.  John=: 
Jacob,  Son  of  John^.Caspar  &  Anna^^Barbara  Mintz: 
born  Decemb';  4t'i  1754.  Suscept  Lewis  &  Catharina,, 
Elizabeth  Kern,  &  Michael  Smith. 

(253.)  On  Christmas,,Day  Decemb';  25th  in  Ditto. 
Johannes,  Son  of  John  &  Ann.^Margaret  Myer;.born 
Novemb?;  lO^h  1754.  Suscep  Jacob  &  Anna  Wide- 
man,  &  Melchoir  Smith. 

(254.)   Baptized  ..-   In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Thursday  Decemb'"  2(>tii 

Ulrick,  Son  of  Henry  &   Elizabeth   Stareky;    born 

1754.     Suscep=  Peter   Larry,  Ulrick   Stareky 

Jun^^  &  Anna  Hug. 

(255.)   On  Sunday  Decemb''  29th  ....   in  Ditto. 

Benjamin,  Son  of  Joseph  jt  Martha  Wood;  born  Oc- 
tob''  14th  1754.  Suscep=  Ulrick  <t  Angelia  Raher,  »!c 
Lewis  Linder 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(256.)   Sarah.  Daughter  of  Tlioinas  (t   HnnJiah   Pen- 


152  THE  HISTORY  OF 

tlarvis;  born  Novemb';  1^^  1754  :||:  Suscep=  Abm- 
bani  Hastbrt,  Sertina,  wife  of  Brand  Pendarvis.  &  Bar- 
bara, wife  of  John  Jennings. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(25^.)   Daniel,  Son  of  Daniel  &  Sarah  Linder;  born 
Novenib':  3<?  1754.    Suscep^  Lewis  &  Mary,,Magdalene 
Linder,  &  James  Tilly  Sen  •  •  • 
1755. 

(258.)   On  Sunday  February  2<»  •   •   hi  Ditto. 

Maria-Regina.  Daughter  of  (ieorge,,Frederick  it- 
Elizabeth  Knobel;  born  Decenib.';  28t'»  1754=  Suscep< 
John^^Adara  &  Regina  Witt,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Nicolas 
Dirr . • . • 

(259.)   On  Sunday  Feb';  W}} .      In  Ditto. 

Mary^/Catharina,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Anne  Dera- 
mus;  born  Decembr  22^^  1754.  Suscep=  John  &  Mary 
Balziger,  &  Catharina,  wife  of  Hans^/jreorge  Hessy. 

(260.)   On  Monday  Feb^'  17tij. . .     In  Ditto. 

Peter,  Son  of  William  &  Sarah  Brunson;  born  De- 
cemb]:  28th  1854.  Josiah  &  Margaret  Evans  &  William 
Cantey. 

(261.)   Baptized  ....   In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  March  2^ 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Philip  &  Elizabeth  Jennings: 
born  Decembi;  Sl^t  1754^  Suscep=  Gavin  &  Margaret 
Pou,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

(262.)   On  Sunday  March  WJi  -  -     In  Ditto 

Joseph,  Son  of  Adam  &  Ann,,Margaret  Evinger: 
born  March  2'}  1755.  Suscep^  Joseph  Huber,  John 
Friday  Sen=  &  Susannah,  wife  of  John  Friday  Jun= 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 
/     (268.)   *Son  of  Jacob  k  Apollonia  Wolf;  bornf  175 — 
'  Suscep,,  John  Jennings.  Lewis  Roth  »t  Margaret,  wife 
of  Christopher  Rowe. 

■'■NiUiu-  olilitiTJitr*!.     tDatt'  oltlitcrsilfd. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  153 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(264.)  Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Conrad  &  Magdalene 
Yutzy:  boin  Decemb'"  26tii  1754.  Suscep=  John  Fritch- 
man.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Harrisperger,  &  Cathari- 
na,  wife  of  George  Hessy. 

(265.)   On  Easter,,Sunday  March  SQt.h. .   In  Ditto. 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Barnard  &  Susannah^^Eliza- 

beth   Snell;    botn    175-  Si]scep=  Elias   Snell, 

Barbara,  wife  of  Jno  Frederick  Huber,  &  Ann^^Marga- 
ret  Snyder,  widow. 

(266.)   On  Easter,,Monday  March  Sl^t 

John^^Adam,  Son  of  Caspar  &  Anna^^Maria  Kuhn; 
born  August  121'i  1754.  Suscep^^  John  &  Susannah 
Friday,  &  Adam  Snell. 

(267.)   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  April  6^ 

Issom;  Son  of  John  &  Sarah  Clayton;  born  No- 
vemb':  14tii  1754.  Suscep,,  Philip  &  Elizabeth  Jen- 
nings, &  Joseph  Grifiice 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(268.)  Rebecca,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Ann  Young; 
born  Feb';  W}}  1755.  Suscep^^  John  Kays,  Rebecca, 
wife  of  Christian  Minnick,  &  Sarah,  wife  of  Will^ 
Cooper. 

(269.)   On  Sunday  April  13th  in  Amelia. 

Patty,  Daughter  of  Francis  &  Mary  James;  born 
March  Vd^}}  1755.  Suscep^^  John  Dargan,  Dorcas  Dar- 
gan  &  Ann  Dargan. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(270.)  Mary.  Daughter  of  Edward  &  Margaret  Bar- 
wick,  born  March  30t'i  1755.  Suscep,,  William  Thomp- 
son; Eugenia  Russell  &  Margaret  McNicols. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(271.)  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  William  «t  Mary,. 
Elizabeth  Heatly;  l)()rn  February  28t.M 755.     Suscep,, 


154  THE  HISTORY  OF 

William  &   Deborah   Sabb,  &  Marion,  wife  of  John 
Fouquett 

(272.)  On  Sunday  April  201]}  In  Orangebnrgh  Church. 

Magdalene,  Daughter  of  Emanuel  &  Mary  Miller: 
born  February  21'^:^  17^5. 

Suscep,,  Lewis  Golson,  Mary  Stehely  |: widow:}  & 
Anna  Negely. 

(273.)   On  Sunday  April  27th. .   !„  Ditto. 

Martin,  Son  of  Peter  &  Margaret,, Barbara  Hottow: 
born  April  1^  1755.  Suscep-  Martin  Sally,  Henry 
Shilling,  &  Ann  Diedrick. 

Baptized. . .     In  Orangeburgfi  Church. 

(274.)   On  Sunday  April  27th 

Anne,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Susannah  Kryter;  born 
August  31|t  1754.  Suscept=  John  Negely,  Barbara 
Negely  &  Anna  Hug. . .  • 

(275.)  On  Whit„Sunday  May  18!'}--   In  Ditto. 

Catharina=Margaret,  Daughter  of  Conrad  &  Mary,, 
Elizabeth  Hungerbuller:  born  -W}}  April  1755.  Sus- 
cep,, Lewis  Kern,  Anne,,Catharina  Funtius,  &  Ann,, 
Catharina  Barrin. 

(276.)   On  Wednesday  May  28tii. .  .In   Ditto. 

Jane,  a  Bastard  Child  of  Mary,  Daughter  of  Samuel 
Fox;  born  Octobi:  15|h  1754.  Suscept^  John  Gibson. 
Willoughby,  wife  of  Samuel  Fox  &  Margaret,  wife  of 
Joseph  Griffice. 

(277.)   On  Sunday  June  l«t hi  Ditto. 

Lewis,  Son  of  Luke  &  Mary  Patrick:  born  May  2«? 
1755.     Suscep f.   Michael  Christopher  Rowe.  Brand  & 
Sertina  Pendarvis 

(278.)   On  Sunday  June  15tii ....    [„  Ditto. 

Catharina,  Daughter  of  John,, Nicholas  k  Verena 
Shuler:  born  May  8^'  1755.  Suscep",  Henry  Ricken- 
])acher,  Catharina,  wife  of  George  Hessy,  &  Mary,  wife 
of  Francis  Koonen. 

(27t).)   On  Sunday  June  22<i ....    In  Ditto. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  155 

Samuel,  Son  of  Henry  &  Mary,, Elizabeth  Felder; 
born  June  5^'^  1755.  Suscept  Samuel  Suther,  John 
Inabnet,  &  Anne,  wife  of  Henry  [iickenbacher. 

(2S0.)    Baptized In  Amelia. 

On  Sunday  July  13th 

Mary,, Ann,  Daughter  of  Xathan  &  Winifred  Joyner; 
born  Novemb^;  l^t  1754.  Suscept  William  Martin, 
Mary  Whitford  j:  widow]  &  Mary  Ratford. 

(281.)   On  Sunday  July  20t|i  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

John, .Peter,  Son  of  Henry  Snell  Jun,,  &  Juliana, 
his  wife;  born  June  24t.h.  1755.  Suscept  Jno.  Peter 
Beck;  Jno,  Frederick  Ulmer,  &  Margaret,  wife  of 
Adam  Snell. 

(282.)   On  Sunday  July  27th  .    .  In  Ditto. 

John^^Frederick,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Joanna  Hegler, 
born  May  23<]  1755.  Suscept  John  &  Ann,, Margaret 
Myer.  &  Jno.  Frederick  Myer, 

(283.)   On  Sunday  August  10th     (In  Amelia) 

Robert,  Son  of  Willian  &  Mary  Walling,  born  Feb- 
ruary 22fi  1751.  Suscept  William  Ballintine,  Robert  & 
Ann  Stewart. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(284.)  Administered  private  Baptism  to  Joseph,  Son 
of  Jeremiah  &  Catharina  Strother;  born  March  6th 
1755.  Present:  Moses  Thomson  Esq"'  William  Ballin- 
tine &c. 

(285.)  On  Sunday  August  17th  in  Orangeb,,  Church 
Hans,, Barnard,,  Son  of  J'.V^  Jacob  &  Christina,, Barbara 
Hungerbiller;  born  June  5th  17.55,  Suscept  John  Wa- 
ber,  Barnard  &  Anne,, Mary  Zeigler. 

(286.)   Baptized  .  •  •  •    In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  August31^t 

George=Alexander,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Barbara  Duke: 
born  June  2\^.[  1755.  Suscept  Christopher  Monheim, 
cV  Mary, .Catharina,  wife  of  Henry  Mell. 

(2S7.)   On  Sunday  Septemb'"  14th.  .  .    j^  Amelia. 


156  THE  HISTORY  OF 

David.  Son  of  James  Lewis  deceas'd,  &  Esther  his 
wife;  born  August  9th  1755.  Suscept  Peter  Oliver, 
William  Ballintine  &  Barbara  Burckhard. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(288.)  John,  Son  of  John  &  Eugenia  Millis;  born 
July  21^^*  1755  Suscept  Edward  &  Margaret  Barwick, 
and  Thomas  Barwick. 

(289.)  On  Sunday  Septemb^  2l^t  !„  Orangeb';g 
Church. 

George,, Henry,  Son  of  John=Peter  &  Magdalene 
Sondel;  born  August  7^^  1755.  Suscept  George, .Jacob 
&  Ann„Catharina  Kurner,  &  Henry  Felder. .  • 

(290.)   On  Sunday  Octob''  5t.ii ....  In  Ditto .... 

Philip,  Son  of  Gavin  &  Mai'garet  Pou;  born  August 
17th  1755.  Suscept  Philip  Jennings,  Joseph  Cooper  & 
Hannah  Wolf. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(291.)  *Son  of  Joseph  &  Mary  Coutier;  bornf 

(292.)   On  Sunday  Octob r   2(5th  -  -  -  -    In  Ditto. 

Henry,  Son  of  Adam  &  Barbara  Frolich;  born  April 
9th  1755.  Suscept  Henry  Heyni,  Henry  Stareky  & 
Anne  Hug. 

(293.)   Baptized    . . .  ■   In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  October  26^1' 

Susannah,  Daughter  of  the  Rev*^'  John  Giessendan- 
ner,  &  Barbara  his  wife;  born  Sunday  Octob'"  5th  1755. 
Suscept  Jacob  Giessendanner,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sam- 
uel Suther  &  Anne  Hug. 

(294.)   On  Sunday  November  2<.i      In  Ditto. 

William,  Son  of  John  &  Rachel  Brunzon;  born  April 
:•.'»  1753.  and  their  Daughter 

(295.)    Elizabeth;  born  Decenib'"  2St.i'.  1754. 

Suscept  for  the  two:  Thomas  Edwards.  Samuel  Su- 
ther, &  Rachel,  wife  of  Michael  Larry. 

*N()  Jinnic  "ivcii      tXothiuii  clsi-  "ivi'ii. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  157 

(296.)   On  Sunday  Novemb^  16tii.  .   In  Ditto 

John,,Jticob,  Son  of  Bernhard  &  Anne,, Mary  Ziegler; 
born  Septemb'' 28*1  1755.  Suscept  John  Friday  Jun,, 
&  Susannah,  his  wife,  k  Jn<*  Jacob  Hungerbiller. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(297.)  Margaret,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Catharina 
Koonen;  born  Octob'"  24^^^  1755.  Suscep^;  Peter  Roth, 
Mary,  wife  of  Hans  Balziger  Sen,,  &  Anne,  wife  of 
Jacob  Rum  ph. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(298.)  Mary,, Catharina,  Daughter  of  John  &  Eliza- 
beth Waber;  born  Septenib'' 9tii,1755.  Suscep*  Barnard 
Hartzog,  Lewis  &  Catharina,, Elizabeth  Kern.    : 

(299.)  On  Monday  Novemb';.  17th  Receiv'd  private 
Baptism  at  the  House  of  the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner 
a  Sick  Infant  brought  thither,  named  -  -  - 

Mary,  Daughter  of  John  &  Barbara  Piatt;  born  Oc- 
tob,';  24^11  1755.     Present,  Ann,  wife  of  Charles  Hottow 
&c. 
■  The  aforementioned  Infant,  viz;         ,  ' 

Mary,  Daughter  of  John  &  Barbara  Piatt,  which,  had 
receiv'd  private  Baptism  on  Monday  Novemb^;  17^^ 
last,  was  presented  in  the  Church  of  Orangeburgh, 
where  it  w^s  receiv'd  according  to  the  due  &  pre- 
scribed order  of  the  Church  on  Sunday  Novembf  30*^ 
Suscepf.  Jacob  Tshudy,  Anne,  wife  of  Jacob  Koonen 
Sen,,  &  Susannah  Yonn. 

(800.)  On  Monday  Decembi;  l^t  Administered  pri- 
vate Baptism  at  the  House  of  Caspar  0th  in  Orangeb.^; 
Township  to  Hans,,(ieorge,  Son  of  the  said  Caspar  & 
Mary  0th;  born  June  4^*1  1755.  Present:  John  &  Ru- 
dolff  Harrisperger.  John  Fritch man.  John  Horguer  &c. 

(801.)  On  Sunday  Decemb'"  21^Cln  Orangeb,,  Church 
Jacob.  Son.  of  Jacob  &  Margaret  Ott:  born  August 
14t*'  1755.  Suscep,,  John  Heller,  Jacob  (iiessendan- 
ner.  A:  Barbara  Yulv    •  •  ■ 


158  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(302.)   On  Monday  Decembr  29th  in  Ditto 

William,  Son  of  John  &  Elizabeth  Olill:  born  Febru- 
ary 20th  1750.  Suscep:  Isham  Clayton,  Samuel  &  Anne 
Pickings 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(303.)  John,  Son  of  the  said  John  &  Elizabeth  Ofill: 
born  in  August  1753.  Suscep=  Joseph  Chambers,  Wil- 
liam Mitchel,  &  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomas  Barker. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(304.)  Thomas,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Elizabeth  Barker: 
born  Septemb';  15*^  1755.  Suscep.,  Isham  Clayton,  Jo- 
seph Chambers,  &  Hannah  Wolfe. 

(305.)   Baptized. . .         In  Orangeb,,  ('hurch. 
1756. 

On  Thursday  January  1^ 

Margaret,  Daughter  of  Henry  Sally  Jun,,  &  Mag- 
dalene, his  wife;  born  March  14^.'?.  1754.  Suret«  Peter 
&  Margaret  Larry  &  Barbara  Negely. 

(306.)   On  Sunday  January  IPj?  .   .    In  Amelia 

Charles,  Son  of  Charles  &  Ann  Russell;  born  De- 
cemb'*  3^^  1755.  Surets-  John  Lloyd,  John  Dargan,  & 
Dorcas,  wife  of  Benjamin  Milner. 

(307.)  On  Sunday  January  18th.  in  Orangeb,,  Church 
Henry,  Son  of  Henry  &  Magdalene  Crummy;  born 
Decembr  25th  1755  Suret=  Henry  Wurtzer.  Henry 
Felder,  &  Magdalene,  wife  of  Hans  Indorff 

(308.)   On  Sunday  January  25th  in  Orangeb,.  Church 

Charles,  Son  of  Charles  &  Anne  Hottow;  born 

1755.     Suscep,,  Henry  Rowe,  Jacob  Hottow,  &:  Anne, 
wife  of  Peter  Uriffith. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(309.)  Eve,,Catharina.  Daughter  of  Christopher  &: 
Catharina  Monheim:  bornDecemb';  25th  1755.  Suret,, 
Jno  George  i^  Eve,, Catharina  Hayner,  k  Eve,, Catha- 
rina Hirter 

(310.)   On  Monday  February  2'.'    In  Orangeb,.  Church 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  159 

Lewis,  Son  of  Peter  &  Christina  Kramer;  born  August 
19*11  1755.  Suret,,  Lewis  Linder.  John  Aberly,  &  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  John  Anding. 

(811.)  Baptized  at  the  House  of  Elizabeth  Mercier 
in  Saxegotha 

On  Sunday  February  22^ 

John.  Son  of  James  &  Mary  Danly,  born  Decemb,, 
b^}}  1755.     Suret,,  Jos  &  Mary  Evans  &c. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(312.)  John,  Son  of  Benjamin  &  Dorcas  Aifred;  born 
August  27*]^'  1755.  Suret:  Alexander  &  Margaret  M^- 
Grue.  &  Charles  Middleton 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(313.)   John,  Son  of* 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(314.)  Malachy,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Race  Howell; 
born  May  20ii  1755. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(315.)  Thomas,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Sarah  Hodge; 
born  April  1^*  1753,  Suscep,,  Charles  Middleton,  Anne 
Danly  &c. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(315.)t  Burril,  Son  of  Caspar  &  Naomy  Foust:  born 
January  \\\^}  1756.  ^Suscep,,  John  Parks,  Henry  & 
Anne  H artel.  . . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(316.)  William,  Son  of  James  &  Mary,, Anne  Berry, 
born  March  30t.h  1755. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(317.)  Sarah,  Daughter  of  John  k  Mary  Lane;  born 
Nov:   23<?   1755. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(318.)    Sarah,  Daughter  of  Gilbert  &  Elizabeth  Gib- 

*Renmiii(ier  of  this  entry  was  citht-r  cniscd  or  left  out. 
tTwo  t'litrifs  iuiiii1kmv(1  .■!1"). 


160  THE  HISTORY  OF 

son;  born  June  21':^  1755.  Snret,,  William  Brown, 
&c. 

(319.)   Baptized.  . .   In  Oraugeb,,  Church 

On  Sunday  February  29t.h 

Jonathan  Riggs,  Son  of  Peter  &  Mary  Wood;  born 
March  7\\'  1755.  Suret,,  Gavin  &  Margaret  Pou,  & 
Peter  Griffith 

(320.)  On  Tuesday  Night  March  2^  Administered 
private  Baptism  at  the  House  of  Levsis  Golsen  in 
Orangeburgh  Township  to  a  Sick  Infant  viz.,  John,, 
Caspar,  Son  of  the  said  Lewis  &  Elizabeth  Golsen; 
born  February  Uth  1756.  Present.  John  Caspar 
Stareky,  Ulrick  Stareky  &c  •  -  -  ■ 

(321.)  On  Sunday  March  7^}\  In  Orangeburgh 
Church 

Caspar,  Son  of  John  &  Margaret  Inabnet;  born  Feb- 
ruary 21^t  1756.  Suret:  Caspar  Negely,  Henry  Felder, 
&  Susannah,, Barbara,  wife  of  George  Giessendanner- 


Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(322.)  Hans,, George,  Son  of  Lewis  &  Mary,, Barbara 
Roth;  born 1756.  Suret:  John  &  Susan- 
nah Frydig,  &  Hans  Indorff 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(323.)  Christian,  Son  of  Christian  &  Elizabeth  Roth, 
born  February  lO^ii  1756.  Suret:  Jacob  Roth,  Isaac 
Hottow,  &  Barbara;  wife  of  John  Piatt 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(324.)  Salome,  Daughter  of  Haus,, George  &  Rosina 
Russel;  born  Decenib''  21*^.^  1755.  Suret=  Samuel  Su- 
ther,  Angelia.  wife  of  Ulrick  Raber,  «!>:  Mary,, Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Henry  Felder. 

(325.)   Baptized.  .  .      In  Orangelnirgh  Church 

On  Sunday  March  21^t 

Elizabeth^  Barbara,  Daughter  of  Lewis  H:  Cathariuji., 
Elizabeth   Kern:    born   Februarv   17f'>   1756.     John  ».^' 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  161 

Elizabeth  Waber,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  Jn^  Frederick 
Hnber 

Eodein  Die  et  Loco: 

(326.)  Mary.,Cathariiia.  Daughter  of  Stephen  & 
Mary.. Ann  Whitman;  born  February  9t'.'  1756.  Suret^ 
Hans., George  &  Mary,,Catharina  Usman,  &  Magdalene 
Usman  ........ 

(327.)  On  Sunday  March  28tJ>  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
George.  Son  of  James  &  Margaret  Tilly;  born  No- 
venibf;  28^1^  1755.  Suscep,,  Jacob  Giessendanner, 
George  Shuler,  &  Margaret  Barr.  • .  - 

(328.)  On  Easter.,Sunday  April  1811l..  In  Orang,, 
Church  Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anne  Whideman;  born 
March  22^'  1756.  Suret,,  Ulrick  Booser,  Jacob  Annis, 
&  Anne, .Margaret  Whetstone 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(329.)  Hans.. Peter,  Son  of  Andrew  &  Margaret  Fred- 
erick; born  March  16^11  1756.  Suret,,  Jn^  Peter  &  Mag- 
dalene Sondel,  &  Jacob  Kearn 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(330.)  Mary„Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Barnard  & 
Mary„Apollonia  Lebennder;  born  January  14yi  1756. 
Suret,,  Henry  &  Mary„Elizabeth  Felder,  &  Margaret, 
wife  of  Andrew  Frederick 

Baptized  .  •  •  •   In  Orangeb,,  Church 

(331.)   On  Easter,.Sunday  April  m?. 

Nicholas,  Son  of  George  &  Catharina  Uhick;  born 
February  26ti»  1756.  Suret,.  Rudolff  Harrisperger. 
Nicholas  Zorn,  &  Catharina.  wife  of  John  Simmons. 

(332.)   On  Easter,.Monday  April  19ti'  In  Ditto 

Paul,  Son  of  Lewis  &  Frances  Patrick;  l)()rn  March 
2<?  1756:  Suret:  Samuel  Suther.  Luke  Patrick,  tV 
Sarah  Cooper,  widow.  •  •  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(333.)   John. .Michael,  Son  of  Joliu,, Martin  ^   Anne,. 


162  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Margaret  Hossleiter;  born  March  ll^jl  1756. 

Suret,,  Johannes  Wolf,  Caspar  &  Mary  Ott 

(334.)  On  Saturday  May  l^:t  In  Amelia,,  at  the 
House  of  Ml  Charles  Russell  •  • . 

Joseph,  Son  of  John  &  Rachel  Lloyd;  born  Febru- 
ary U)th  1756,  Suret.,  William  Thomson,  Joseph  llus- 
sell.  &  Anne,  wife  of  Charles  Russell. 

(335.)  On  Sunday  May  23'?  -  -  In  Orangeb.,  Church 
Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Benedict  &  Magdalene  Roller; 
•born  April  "d^j  1756.  Suret,,  Henry  &  Verena  Wurtzer, 
&  Barbara,  wife  of  the  Rev*?  John  Giessenclanner.  . . 

(336.)   On  Thursday  May  21^}}.. .   In  Ditto 

Anne,  Daughter  of  Francis  &  Mary  Koonen;  born 
May  \i^}}  1756.  Suret:  Jacob  Koonen,  Anne,  wife  of 
Jacob  Rumph,  and  Anne  Hug 

(337.)  On  Tuesday  June  \h^}^  Administered  private 
Baptism  at  the  Housei  of  John„Valentin  Kranich  in 
Orangeburgh  Township  to  a  Sick  Infant,  viz: 

John„Peter,  Son  of  the  said  John„Valentin  &  Anne,, 
Mary  Kranich;  born  June  ^^}}  1756.  Present:  Peter 
Moorer  Sen,,  John  Giegelman  &c. 

(338.)   On  Sunday  June  20^:1'.    In  Orangel),,  Church 
Jacob,  Son  of  Samuel  &  Elizabeth  Suther;  born  3<? 
Day  of  June.    1756.     Suret:    Henry    Wurtzer,   Jacob 
Giessendaner,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  the  Rev*}  Jn9  Gies- 
sendaner. 

Eodera  Die  et  Loco: 

(339.)  Mary„Magclalene,  Daughter  of  Jn'^  Frederick 
&  Mar3^-Barbara  lllmer;  born  25.  April.  1756.  Suret,. 
John„George  Hayner,  Catharina.  wife  of  George  Hes- 

sy,  &  Mary,, Barbara  Ulmer 

^  (340.)   On  Sunday  July  IP'.'   In  Amelia.  •  • 

Eugenia,  Daughter  of  William  &  Eugenia  Thomson: 
born  June  25*11  1756.  Suret..  Moses  Thomson  Jun.. 
Uachel,  wife  of  Cap*  .lohn  Lloyd,  k  P]ugenia.  wife  of 
James  Baird. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  1()3 

(341.)  On  Sunday  July  25. .  In  Orangebnrgh  Church 
— Thomas,  Son  of  John  &  Elizabeth  Burdell;  born 
March  S*?  1756.  Suret.  Adam  Snell,  Conrad  &  Magda- 
lene Yutzy 

(342.)  On  Sunday  August  1^^  In  Orangeburgh  Church 

John,  Son  of  Elias  &  Mary,.Catharina  Snell;  born 
July  KJ^l  1756.  Suret:  John  Frichman,  John  Harris- 
perger,  &  Anne„Margaret  Snyder,  widow. 

(343.)  On  Sunday  August  Stii  At  Saxagotha  in  the 
House  of  M^  Elizabeth  Mercier 

Hugh.  Son  of* 

(344.)   Baptized. . .    In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  August  15^'/ 

John„Theodore.  Son  of  Barnard  &  Anne,,Mar3'^ 
Hartzog;  born  July  3*?  1756.  Suret,.  John  &  Eliza- 
beth Waber,  &  Theodore  Fichtner 

(345.)   On  Sunday  August  22^}  . .    In  Amelia 

Rachel.  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Mary  Carter;  born 
February  St'i  1756.  Suret..  Robert  &  Elizabeth  Twid- 
die,  &  Mary  Whitford.  widow. 

(346.)  On  Sunday  August  29t|>  In  Orangeb..  Church 
Jonathan,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Martha  Wood:  born  July 
WJl  1756.  Suscep,,  Luke  Patrick.  Lewis  Patrick.  & 
Susannah,. Barbara  Giessendanner. 

(347.)   On  Sunday  Septemb''  12^11    In  Amelia 

William.  Son  of  William  &  Rachel  Hickie;  born 
Septemby  \{)[\^  1754.  Suret.,  Thomas  Bamrick.  Cas- 
par Brown  &  Rachel  Gant 

(348.)  On  Saturday  Septemb''  bsV.'  ..  Administered 
private  Baptism  at  my  own  House  to 

Alexander.  Son  of  John  &•  Judith  Tennison:  born 
July  22<?  1756.  (the  said  John  Tennison  being  then  on 
his  Journey  from  Georgia  to  the  Northward). 


*Tlu'  rcitiaiiidfr  of  tliiscntrv  \\:is  citlKT  crjiscd,  or  \\;is  never  pii) 
down. 


164  THE  H18T0KY  OF 

(349.)  On  Sunday  Se[)ren)l)er  II)"'  In  Oiangeb,, 
Church  John, .Conrad,  Son  of  Caspar  A:  Anna,, Maria 
Knhn;  born  April  16U'  175().  Suret..  Hans,.Ulrick 
Dantzler,  Conrad  Hungerliiller,  i^-  Christina, .Barbara, 
wife  of  John  Jacob  Hungerl>iller . . .  ■ 

(350.)  On  Sunday  September  26^.1'  In  Orangeb,, 
Church  Thomas,  Son  of  Leon  hard  k  Sarah  Warne- 
dow;  born  12i''  May  175().  Suret.,  Jacob  Hottow, 
Abraham  llasfort  &  Margaret,  wife  of  Joseph  Grif- 
fice ... 

(351.)    Baptized..     In  Orangeburgh  ('hurch 

On  Sunday  Septenjber  26 d' •  • 

Mary,,Catharina,  Daughter  of  Frederick  &  Elizabeth 
Strubel;  born  August  15.  1756.  Suret.,  Lewis  &  Cath- 
arina,. Elizabeth  Kern,  &  Anne  Mary,  wife  of  Nicolas 
WaberSen... 

(352.)  On  Sunday  October  3 J|  In  Orangeb,.  Church 
— Anne,.Catharina,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Anne  Rick- 
enbacker;  boin  August  lO^.l'  1756.  Suret.  Ni(diolas 
Dill,  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings,  &  Anne,  wife  of 
John  Caspar  Stereky. 

(353.)  On  Sunday  October  24"i. .  In  Orangeb,, 
Church 

Hannah,  Daughter  of  Nicholas  Waber  Jun„  and 
Maria„Barbara,  his  wife;  born  24th  September  1756. 
Suret,,  John  &  Elizabeth  Waber,  &  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Frederick  Strubel 

(354.)   On  Sunday  Octobr  31^^     In  Orangeb.,  Church 

Margaret,  Daughter  of  Philip  &  Elizabeth  Jennitigs: 
born  October  9^11  1756.  Suret,.  John  &  Barbara  Jen- 
nings, &  Susannah,, Barbara  Giessendanner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(355.)  Ilachel.  Daughter  of  .Joseph  &  Margaret 
Cooper;  born  August  14th  175(>.  Suret.  Abraliam  Has- 
fort,  Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Coutier.  «t  Regina.  alias 
Rachel  Howe. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  165 

(356.)   On  Sunday  Novenib':  21^;  In  Orangeb,,  Chnrch 
Hans..Uli'ick,  Son  of  Nicholas  Dirr  late  deceas'cl,   & 
Mary.  Iiis  wife:  born  Novenib''  2«}   1756.     Suret.  Rev<? 
John  Giesssendanner.  John  &  Elizabeth  Giegelman.  . . 

(357.)  On  Sunday  Novemb';  2Stii  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Anne,  Daughter  of  Catharina,  wife  of  Thomas  Puck- 
ridge,  but  a  considerahb^  Time  Since  cohabiting  with 
WilHain  Pendarvis.  who  desired  Baptism  for  the  said 
Child  as  his;  born  Octob''  4^^  1756.  Suret:  Brand 
Pendarvis.  Margaret,  wife  of  CliristT  Row^e  &  Anne, 
wife  of  Joseph  Deramus. 

(35S.)  On  Tuesday  Novemb';  30^.^  Administred  pri- 
vate Baptism  to  a  Sick  Infant,  brought  to  my  House 
by  the  Parents,  viz:  Jacob,  son  of  Henry  &  Catharina 
Strovvman.  born  Novemb,''  17yi  1756. 

(359.)  On  Sunday  Det^ember  5th.  In  Orangeb.,  Church 
Hans.. Henry,  Son  of  Martin  &  Margaret  Kemler;  born 
Octobf;  2b:!  1756.  Suret,,  Hans  and  Margaret  Dantz- 
ler,  &  Henry  Dantzlei' 

(360.)   On  Sunday  Decemb  12t.i>     In  Amelia 

Garret.  Son  of  Garret  &  Agnesia  Fitz„Patrick;  born 
Decemb';  151'.'  1755.  Suret.  John  Morrison,  Duncan 
M^Intire,  &  Anne  Jones. 

(361.)  On  Sunday  Decemb':  19^^  in  Orangeb,,  Church 
Susannah,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Mary„Sasannah  Her- 
lan;  born  November  30th  1756.  Suret:  Lewis  &  Mary,, 
Barbai-a  Roth,  &  Catharina,  wifeof  Jacob  Koonen..  . . 

(362.)  On  Tuesday  Decemb.  .21«.t  Administred  Bap- 
tism to  a  Sick  Infant,  born  this  2b^.t  Decemb.  1756. 
viz:  Anne„Margaret,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Anne 
Wymer. . .   at  the  House  of  Peter  Roth  ... 

(363.)  On  Christmas„Day  Decemb';  25th  i„  Orangeb,, 
Church    Anne,,Mai-y,  Daughter  of  John  &  Elizabeth 

Harrisperger:  born —  1756.     Suret.,  Ru- 

doltf  Herrisperger.  Anne,  wife  of  Henry  I{i(d\<'nl)ackei'. 
iV  Marv.. Catharina.  wife  of  Elias  Snell. 


166  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(364.)   On  Sunday  Decemb';  26^.1'  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Henry.  Son  of  Henry  &  Anne  Young;  horn  Novemb'; 
28th  1756.     Suret.   John  Wolf  Sen,  Luke   Patrick,  ^ 
Regina„Barbara  Rowe-  •  •  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(365.)  Mary,  Daughter  of  William  &  Mary  Young: 
born  Novr  3^)  1756.  Suret.  James  Tilly  Sen,,,  Bar- 
bara, wife  of  John  Jennings,  &  Susannah. .Barbara 
Giessendanner. .  . 

(366.)   Baptized  ...    In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  Decemb.';  26tii 

Mary,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Mary  Jordan:  born 
Decemb';  1}}}  1756.  Suret.,  Peter  &  Anne  Griffith,  ^ 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Thornton  ...  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(367.)   Thomas,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Hannah  Pendar- 
vis;  born  September  23^   1756.     Suret.,  Peter  Faure. 
William    Pendarvis,    &    Catharina,  wife   of    Thomas 
Puckridge. 
1757 

(368.)   January  1st. . .     Jn  Orangeb,.  Church 

Ulrick,  Son  of  Ulrick  &  Eve., Mary  Brunner;  born 
Decemb,,  17^^  1756.  Suret..  Jacob  Ott,  Rudollf  Herris- 
perger,  &  Christina,  wife  of  Nicholas  Yonn. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(369.)  Anne, .Margaret,  Daughter  of  John  iV:  Eva,. 
Catharina  Jubb:  born  April  28*1'  1756.  Suret:  Henry 
&  Anne„Margaret  Shilling,  &  Margaret  Gyger,  widow. 

(370.)  On  Sunday  January  2^1  -  -  In  Orangeb.. 
Church 

Samuel,  Son  of  Daniel  &  Sarah  Linder:  born  Jul.v 
2Sth  1756.  Suret..  Jacob  Giessendunner.  Chiistopher 
Llowe.  and  Elizabeth  Linder 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(371.)    Martha,  born  November  2(Ki.'  1752. 

(372.)    Susannah,  born  M  arc  1 1  261'.'  1754. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  167 

(378.)    Rehecrah.  horn  Angast  Vo^}}  1756. 

'J'hose  three  the  Daughters  of  Jonathan  &  Martha 
Bruuzon:  Suret  for  the  three:  Daniel  &  Sarah  Linder, 
Isaac  Hottow,  Samuel  Brunson,  Mary  Brunson  &  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Joseph  Griffice- .  • 

(374.)  On  Tuesday  January  4^.li  .  .  .  In  Orangeb,, 
Church 

Zachariah,  Son  of  William  &  Agnes  Aldridge;  born 
\S^}}  January  1754.  Suret:  Abraham  Hasfort,  Peter 
&  Sarah  Faure. 

(375.)    Baptized  . . .  ■     In  Orangeburgh  Church 

Sarah,  Daughter  of  William  &  Agnes  Aldridge;  born 
14*'.!  July  1755.  Suret:  Anne  Faure  &  Anna„Maria 
Kemlerin,  &  Isaac  Hottow  •  ■  •  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(376.)  Henry,  a  Mulatto,, Bastard  of  Ana,. Maria 
Kemlerin;  born  in  March  1755.  Suret,,  Peter  Faure, 
William  &  Agnes  Aldridge 

(377.)   On  Sunday  January  16^^  In  Orangeb,,  Church 

John„CTeorge„Melchior,  Son  of  John., Caspar  &  An- 
na.,Barbara  Mintz;  born  January  4th  1757.  Suret,, 
John  Friday  Jun:  Melchior  Smith,  &  Anne„Margaret 
Tyner 

(378.)   On  Monday  January  17^''  In  Orangeb,,  Church 

James,  Son  of  John  &  Sarah  Clayton;  born 

1756.  Sui'et:.  Peter  Faure.  Anne  Faure  &  Tsham  Clay- 
ton ......  ri      ; 

(379.)  On  Wed nes,day  January  19tii  At  the  House  of 
John  Aberly  below  Orangeburgh  Township  John,, 
Nicholas,  Son  of  John  iS:  Margaret  Anting:  bornNo- 
vemb'"  27t]i  1756.  Suret..  John  Aberly,  Nicholas  & 
Margaret  Noe 


Eodem  Die  et  Loco:  ; 

(380.)   Catharine„Margaret.     Daughter    of   John    & 
Anne  Aberlv:  born  Decemb''  31*"^  1756.     Suret,,    ReV' 


168  THE  HISTORY  OF 

John  Giessendanner,  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Anding, 
&  Margaret,  wife  of  Nicholas  Noe  ■  -  •  • 

(881.)  On  Wednesday  January  26^.^  At  the  House  of 
Frederick  Thore  at  the  Four  Holes..  .  ■ 

Anne.  Daughter  of  David  &  Mary  Humph;  born  De- 
cemb,,  27t'i.  1755.  Suret:  Thomas  &  Hannah  Pendar- 
vis,  &  Anna,  wife  of  Frederici\  Hoggs  . . .  • 

(39(1)*    Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  February  27^'.' 

John„Martin,  Son  of  George,, Frederick  &  Elizabeth 
Knobel;  born  January  \H^}}  1757.  Suret:  Martin  Egly. 
Barnard  &  Anne., Mary  Hertzog 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(397.)  John,, George,  Son  of  John., George  &  Eve,. 
Catharina  Hayner;  born  January  26tji  1757.  Suret,. 
Conrad  Hungerbiller,  Hans  Ulmer,  &  Anne„Margaret 
Barrin. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(398.)  Catharina,  Daughter  of  Henry  Snell  Jun„  & 
Juliana,  his  wife;  born  February  2*^  1757.  Suret: 
Henry  Snell  Sen,^,  Catharina,  his  wife,  &  Anne,  wife 
of  Jacob  Whideman. 

(399.)  On  Monday  February  28tj.i  At  the  House  of 
Moses  Thomson  Esq?-  •     In  Amelia-    ■  • 

Katherine,  Daughter  of  Bryan  White.  &  Katherine. 
his  wife,  deceas'd;  born  January  3011'  1757.  Suret: 
Peter  &  Katherine  Burns,  &  Elizabeth  M*'Farlen 

(400.)  On  Sunday  Mar(;h  Bt!'  In  Orangeburgh  Church 
Anne,,Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Martin  &  Susannah  Sal- 
ly; born  19*.^^  January.  1757.  Suret:  John  Sally. 
Mary,  wife  of  Luke  Patrick,  &  Christina,  wife  of  Nich- 
olas Yonn  ... 

(401.)   On    Monday   Night  March    7'.'.'     Administred 

•Fnun  i«KI  t«>  t\UU  lost. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  169 

private  Baptism  at  the  House  of  Adam  Snell  in 
Oraugehuigh  Township  to  a  Sick  Infant,  viz: 

Magdalene,  Daughter  of  said  Adam  &  Margaret 
Snell;  born  February  lOHl  1757.  Present:  Henry  & 
Jacob  Horger,  Peter  Murer  Jun. 

(4()2.)  Wediiesday  March  ^^}}  Administred  private 
Baptis'ni  at  the  House  of  Peter  Murer  in  Orangeb,,  to 

John„H^"i'y'  Son  of  the  said  Peter  Murer  Jun,,  & 
Magdalene,   his   wife,  born    December  26^.1*    1756 


(403.)    Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

Maria.,Magddlene,  Daughter  of  Henry  Horger,  Ju- 
nior, &  Catharina,  his  w^ife,  born  October  20V?  1756: 
Present:  Adam  Snell,  John  &  Jacob  Giegelnian  &c. 

(404.)  On  Sunday  March  13U^  In  Amelia  Chappel — 
Mary,    Daughter  of    Charles  &   Anne    Russel;    born 

1757.     Suret:    William   &   Eugenia 

Thomson,  &  Katherine  Dargan  .    ■  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(405.)  Frances,  Daughter  of  John  &  Sarah  Hope; 
born  April  2^}  1754.  Suret:  John  Burdell,  Marion, 
wife  of  John  Fouquett  &  Mary„Ann,  wife  of  Conrad 
Hal  man. 

(406.)  On  Sunday  March  27*;^  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  Samuel,  Son  of  Jacob  &  ApoUonia  Wolf;  born 
February  16t.h  1757.  Suret.,  John  Wolf  Sen,,  John  & 
Anne., Elizabeth  Giegelman 

(407.)  On  Sunday  April  3<?  . .  In  Amelia  Chappel 
John.  Son  of  John  &  Sophinisba  M<;Cord;  born  Janu- 
ary 26t.li  1757.  Suret:  John  Russell,  Robert  and  Eliza- 
l)eth  Twiddie 

(40S.)  On  Thursday  April  7^}}.  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  John.  Son  of  Abraham  &  Mary  Yssenhut;  born 
Maich  l*^:t  1757.  Suret..  Barnard  Lebennder,  John  & 
Margaret  Inabnet 

(409,1    Baptized...    in  Orangebui'gh  Church 


170  THE  HISTORY  OF 

On  Easter„Sunday  April  W). 

Henry,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anna  Wannenmaker;  born 
March  27^?.  1756.  Suret:  Jacob  Hottow,  John  Roth 
Jun.  &  Anna„Magdalena  Tapp-  -  •  ■ 

(410.)  On  Sunday  May  l^^:  ■  •  In  Orangeb,,  Church. 
James,  Son  of  John„Ja!nes  &  Anne  Shoolegre,  born 
January  10^.^  1757.  Suret:  Henry  Felder,  James  & 
Elizabeth  Taylor.  - . 

(411.)  On  Sunday  May  15tli.  In  Orangeb.  Church 
Abraham,  Son  of  Henry  &  Mary„Elizabeth  Felder; 
born  March  28^.!i  1757.  Suret:  Abraham  Ys:,enhoot, 
Barnard  Lebennder,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Inab- 
net 

(412.)  On  Assension„Day  May  19^'  In  Orangeb,. 
Church  Johannes,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Susannah  Kryter; 
born  in  February  1757.  Suret:  Johip  Stehely,  John 
Friday  Jun..  &  Barbara,  wife  of  Fredeiick  Huber-  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(413.)  Susannah,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Ann  Rumph, 
born  May  \^}  1757.  Suret:  Abraham  Yssenhut,  Anne, 
wife  of  Joseph  Deramus,  &  Susannah, .Barbara  Gies- 
sendaner. 

(414.)  On  Whit„Sunday  May  29th  in  Orangeb,, 
Church  William,  Son  of  John  &  Phibbie  Mitchel;  born 
Octobi;  10th  1755.  Suret:  William  Bowers,  Lewis  Net- 
man,  &  Elizabeth  Funtzius. 

(415.)   On  Sunday  June  12t.h   In  Amelia  Chappel. 

David,  Son  of  David  &  Mary  Jackson;  born  April 
11th  1757,  Suret:  John  Burdell,  Valchtine  Shoema- 
ker, &  Mary,, Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Halman. 

(416.)   Baptized  ...    In  Amelia  Chappel, 

On  Sunday  June  12th. 

Anne,  Daughter  of  David  &  Mary  Jackson;  born 
July  22d  1755.  Suret:  John  Burdell,  Mary,, Ann,  wife 
of  Conrad  Halman.  Dorothy,  wife  of  Valentine  Shoe- 
maker.   r 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  171 

On  Sunday  July  3^  In  Orangeb,,  Church.  • 

(417.)   Elizabeth  &  \  Daughters  of  Thomas  &  Sarah 

(418.)    Anne  i'  Lovelies:    Elizabeth    born    15^^ 

February.  1757.  Anne  born  2'?  July  1754.  Sureties  for 
both:  Edward  Nicks,  Mary,  wife  of  Will'"  Durberville, 
&  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Thornton. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(419.)  Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  William  &  Sarah  Hun- 
ter; born  2<|  November  1755.  Suret:  Lewis  Patrick, 
Mary,  wife  of  Peter  Wood,  &  Mary,  wife  of  William 
Durberville 

(420.)  On  Sunday  July  \7[^}  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
John„Henry,  Son  of  Jn<.^  Nicholas  &  Verena  Shuler; 
born  6t'i  June  1757.  Suret,.  Henry  Felder;  Martin  & 
Zibilla„Catharina  Egly. . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(42L)  Barbara,  Daughter  of  Adam  Frolich  deceased, 
&  Rarbara,  his  late  wife;  born  June  17th  1757.  Suret: 
John  Roth,  Junior,  Rachel  Rowe,  &  Barbara,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Giessendanner. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(422.)  Elizabeth„Barbara,  Daughter  of  John  &  Eliza- 
beth Waber;  born  June  9^  1757.  Suret..  Nicholas 
&  Maria„Barbara,  wife  of  Frederick  Strubel. .  • 

(423.)  Baptized...  At  the  House  lately  possess'd 
by  Willill  M<r  Nichol,  near  Amelia  Township 

On  Thursday  August  4th 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  William  &  Elizabeth  Mc- 
Nichol;  born  April  2Sth  1757.  Suret.  Thomas  Hails, 
Mary  M^^Gowan,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  John  M^'Gowan. 

(424.)   On  Monday  August  15th 

Stephen,  Son  of  William  «i:  Sarah  Hart:  born  Janu- 
ary 6th   1757.     Suret,,  Luke  &  Mary  Patrick,  «&  Rev<i 
John  Giessendanner 

(425.)  On  Sunday  August  2Sth  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Maltha.  I>aiiahter  nf  .lohn  A:   Margaret  (Hbson:  born 


172  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Decern  It;  W}}  1756.  Snret:  George  Fox.  Rachel,  wife 
Michael  Larry,  &  Willonghby  Fox.  widow. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(426.)  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  William  &  Mary  Dann; 
born  March  18^.'.'  1757.  Suret:  Thomas  Ly  wick,  fr  Wil- 
loughby  Fox,  widow 

(427.)  On  Tne.sday  Septembi;  3011'  Administred  pri- 
vate Baptism  in  my  own  House  in  Orangeburgh.  to 

Maria,  Daughter  of  Caspar  &  Mary  0th;  born  April 
8U'  1757.     Present.   Lewis  Golsen,  Peter  Stehely  &c. 

(428.)  On  Sunday  Octob'-  <)th  i^  Amelia  Chappel 
Thomas,  Son  of  John  &  Anne  Millis;  born  June  lO^^^ 
1757.  Suret,,  Alexander  &  Isabell  Tale,  &  William 
Thomson, 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(429.)  Joseph,  Son  of  Conrad  &  Mary. .Anne  Halman; 
born  Septemb.,  8U^  1757.  Suret:  Caspar  Brown,  Joseph 
Festner,  &  Regina,  wife  of  Adam  Willis-  •  - 

(430.)   Baptized  ...    In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  Octob";  23'? 

Anna,  Daughter  of  Jn*;^  Henry  &  Anne„Margaret 
Shilling;  born  Septemb';  -.  1757.  Suret:  Peter  Grif- 
fith, Anne,  wife  of  Henry  Rickenbacker,  &  Mary,, 
Catharina,  wife  of  Henry  Mell  -  ■ . 

(431.)  On  Sunday  Novembf;  ^^}}.  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
George„Riggs,  Son  of  Peter  &  Mary  Wood;  born  De- 
cember 4^'?  1751.  Suret..  Joseph  Griffith,  Henry  Sally 
Jun„  &  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Thornton. 

(432.)  On  Sunday  Novemb':  13th.  i„  Amelia  Chap- 
pel  Mary,  Daughter  of  William  &  Eugenia  Thomson: 
born  Octob";  3<J  1757.  Suret:  Joseph  Russel,  Rachel, 
wife  of  Capt  John  Lloyd,  &  Katherine,  wife  of  Timo- 
thy Dargan. 

(433.)  On  Sunday  Novemb^  20U»  in  Orangeburgh 
Church — John,, Lewis.   Son    of    Caspar    &    Ana„Maria 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  173 

Kubir.  born  Sp[)teiul).':  24^;'.'  1757.  Saret:  Lewis  & 
Elizabeth  Golstni  &  Peter  Stehely. 

Eodem  Die  t't  Loco: 

(484.)  HaiK"<.,CtU>p;i]-,  »Son  ot  Barnard  &  Anrie„Mary 
Ziegler:  lioiii  Seiitemh'"  28'.'.i  1757.  Suret:  Conrad 
Hungerbiller,  Caspar  Knlin  &  Anne„Margaret  Barrin. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loeo: 

(435.)  John. .Jacob.  Son  of  Conrad  &  Maria„Elizabeth 
Hungerbiller;  born  iSeptenib^;  3*^  1757.  Suret:  Bar- 
nard Ziegler,  Jacob  and  Christina,. Barbara  Hunger- 
biller...r. 

Eodeui  Die  et  Loco: 

(436.)  John,,Jac()b.  Son  of  Abraham  &  Susannah  Du 
Puis;  l)orn  Octoby.  23<1  1757.  Suret:  John  Giegelman, 
Jacob  and  Mar\%,Susanah  Herlan  ..... 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(437.)  Mil r}^. Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  &  Susanah 
Friday;  born  Octob':  91'.'  1757.  Suret,,  Lewis  &  Mary,, 
Barbara  Roth,  &  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Harrisper- 
ger. 

(438.)   Baptized- . .    In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  Novemb';  20tAi 

Magdalene,  Daughter  of  Barnard  &  Susanah„Eliza- 
beth  Snell;  born  Septemb  W}}  1757.  Suret:..  Fred- 
erick Hoff,  Mary„Catharina,  wife  of  Elias  Snell,  &  Eve,, 
Catharina,  wife  of  John,, George  Hayner. 

(439.)  On  Sunday  Decemb':  ID.^  In  Amelia  Chappel 
Margaret,  Daughter  of  Samuel  Bly  &  Margaret  Beck; 
born  Novemb';5th  1757.  Suret:  Caspar  Brown,  Mary,, 
Anne,  wife  of  Conrad  Halman  &  Mary  Whiteford, 
widow. 

(440.)  John,  Son  of  Barnard  &  Mary„Apollonia 
liebennder:  born  Octob''  HU.I'  1757.  Suret:  Frederick 
Huber.  Abraham  &  Mary  Yssenhut-  Baptized-.  On 
Sunday,  Christmas,. Dav.  Decemb''  25'!.<  1757    •  ■  • 


174  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(441.)   On  Wednesday  Decembf;  2Sth. . .    Baptized 

(442.)  Mary  and  Lydia,  both  the  Daughters  of 
Thomas  &  Lucretia  Oisins;  Mary  born  Decemb';  2Sl]l 
1751.  Lydia  born  Octob';  Gth  1757.  Suret  for  both: 
John  &  Margaret  Gibson,  &  Willoughby  Fox,  wid- 
ow •  •  •  - 
1758:) 

On  Saturday  January  7t^.  •  •  •  ■  Baptized 

At  the  House  of  Colonel  Richardson  in  S*  Mark's 
Parish,  Craven  County 

(32.)   Thirty„two  Children 

(475.)  On  Sunday  February  b^}}  InOrangeb,,  Church 
Barbara,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Magdalene  Crummy; 
born  Decembr  26th  1757,  Suret:  John  Wolf  Sen,, 
Margaret  Roller,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

(476.)  On  Monday  February  13th  Jn  Orangeburgh 
Church  William,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Mary  Dewidd;  born 
March  7tii  1757.  Suret:  Charles  Strother,  John  Thomas. 
&  Anne,  w^ife  of  John  Taylor. .  - 

(477.)  Friday  March  3^?  Administred  private  Bap- 
tism at  the  House  of  John  Giegelman  in  Orangeburgh 
to  Mary„Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  John  &  Anna.,Eliza- 
beth  Giegelman;  born  February  6t!>  1758.  Present: 
Valentine  Kronick,  Jacob  Giegelman  &c. 

(478.)  On  Sunday  March  5!.h.  In  Orangeb..  Church 
Abraham,  Son  of  Joseph  &  Margaret  Griffice;  born 
January  19th  175}^,  Suscept:  Andrew  Covan.  John 
Wolf  Sen,  &  Susanah„Barbara  Giessendanner. 

(479.)   Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

Patty,   Daughter   of  John    &    Barbara   Piatt;   born 

175—.     Suret:    Charles  Hottow,  Mary.. 

Katherine,  wife  of  Henry  Mell.  &  Margaret,  wife  of 
Samuel  Densmore. 

(480.)  On  Easter..Sunday  March  26th.  |n  Orangeb.. 
('hurch 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  175 

-  -  -  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Anna  Wideraan; 
born  February  26t.h  1758.  Suret:  Rudolph  &  Elizabeth 
Theiler,  &  Anne,,MtiiT.  wife  of  Caspar  Kuhn  .... 

(481.)  On  Easter.,Monday  March  21\]^  In  Orangeb,, 
Church  Susannah,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Barbara 
DuUe;  born 175 — .     Suret;* 

(482.)  On  Sunday  April  16*1.,  in  Orangeb,,  Church 
Anna,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Catharina  Koonen;  born 
March  81*^*  1758.  Suret:  Francis  Koonen,  Anna,  wife 
of  Joseph  Deraujus,  &  Barbara  Harrisperger,  widow. 

(488.)   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  April  23^1 

John„Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Johanna  Hegler;  born 
March  Vd^\  1758.  Suret:  John  &  Margaret  Myer,  & 
Frederick  Myer. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

-(484.)  Isaac,  Son  of  Charles  &  Anne  Hottow;  born 
28 .<J  of  March  1758.  Suret:  Isaac  Hottow,  Simon 
Yonn,  and  Margaret  Dietrick. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(485.)  Margaret.  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Dorothy 
Tshudy;  born  March  21  ?t  1758.  Suret:  Henry  Bossart, 
Margaret  Koller,  &  Mary„Ca.tharina  Tshudy 

(486.)  On  the  Fast  Day  Wednesday  May  17th.  i„ 
Orangeb,,  Church  John,, Frederick,  Son  of  Lewis  & 
Catharina,.Elizabeth  Kern;  born  March  9t.h  1758:  Su- 
ret:  Melchior  Smith,  Frederick  &  Barbara  Huber. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(487.)  Abraham,  Son  of  John  &  Sarah  Clayton;  born 
April  nth  1758.  Suret:  Isham  Clayton,  Abraham 
Hasfort,  Barbara  Harrisperger,  , widow. 

(488.)  On  Sunday  May  21  «.t ,,•,.,  In  Amelia  Chappel 
William,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Jane  Platt:  born   Decemb'; 

■lA'ft  out. 


176  THE  HISTORY  OF 

22*1    1757.     Suret:    Moses  &  Jane  Thomson.  &  John 
Thomson. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 
>     (489.)   Saiah,  Daughter  of  William  &  Mary  Thom- 
son; born  Decembf  21^*1757.     Suret:    Moses  &  Jane 
Thomson,  Jane  Beard,  widow. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(490.)   Martha,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Anne  Powel; 
'born,   Octobr    12^^    1757.    Suret:    William    Thomson, 
Sarah  Powel  &  Anne  Powel. 

(491.)  Thursday  May  18t.'.>  Administred  private  Bap- 
tis'm  in  my  own  House  to 

Catharina,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Catharina  Horger, 
born  March  2b{^}  1758.  Present  Valentine  Yutzy 
&c. . 

(492.)  On  Sunday  May  2S^\\  In  Orangeburgh  Church 
George„Lewis;  Son  of  Adam  &  Anna„Margaret — Evin- 
ger;  born  May  4^^  1758.  Suret:  Johannes  Wolf. 
George„Lewis  &  Mary„Barbara  Roth  - . . 

(493.)  On  Sunday  June  llt'.^--  In  Amelia  Chappel 
Rachel,  Daughter  of  Edward  &  Rachel  Brady,  born 
March  6th  1758.  Suret:  William  M^Nicol,  Mary  M^- 
Gowan,  &  Sarah  Thomson ... 

(494.)  On  Sunday  June  W}}  ■  ■  ■  ■  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  Margaret,  Daughter  of  George  &  Eva,. Cathari- 
na Hayner;  born  May  5tM758.  Suret:  Adam  &  Anne,, 
Margaret  Snell  &  Mary,.Elizabeth  Strowman. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(495.)  Anna,„Catharina,  Daughter  of  Henry  Snell 
Seni;  &  Catharina,  his  wife,  deceased:  born  in  Ma} 
1758.  Suret:  Adam  Snell,  Juliana,  wife  of  Henry  Snell 
Juni;  &  Anna,.Catharina  Barrin. 

(496.)  On  Sunday  June  25^.!>  In  Orangeb.,  Church 
Mary.. Magdalene,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Anna  AVan- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  177 

nenmaker;  born  October  4^''  1757.  Snret:  Jacob  Roth,* 
Barbara  Frolich.  widow,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Abraham 
Yssenhut. 

(497.)  On  Sunday  July  9^1^  In  Amelia  Chappel. 
Jacob,  Son  of  Garret  &  Agnesia  Fitz,, Patrick;  boru 
February  9t.ii  175S.  Suret:  John  M^'Colloch,  George 
M<:Colloch  &  Lydia  M^;Colloch. 

(49S.)   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  July  23'1 

Peter  Son  of  John  &  Margaret  Inabnet;  born  July 
ii\]^  1758.  Suret:  (leorge  Giessendanner,  Abraham 
Yssenhut,  &  Mary,, Elizabeth,  wife  of  Henry  Felder. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(499.)  Seth,  Son  of  Seth  Hatcher  deceas'd  &  Susan- 
nah, his  wife;  born  April  23<?  1757.  Suret:  Nicholas 
&  — —  Susannah., Elizabeth  Zorn,  &  Henry  Zorn.  . . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(500.)  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  Christian  &  Elizabeth 
Roth;  born  June  3*?  1758.  Suret=  Jacob  Roth.  Catha- 
rine, wife  of  Ulriclv  Roth,  &  Mary„Catharina  Tshudy. 


Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(501.)  Anna,,Margaret.  Daughter  of  Henry  it  Appol- 
lonia  Dentzler:  born  May  29*11  1758.  Suret:  Hans.. 
Henry  Dentzler,  Margaret,  wife  of  Hans.,Ulrick  Dentz- 
ler, &  Anna,  wife  of  Jacob  Wideman 

*Sonth  Carn/ina  Oazrffr,  May  Dtli,  17(iH:  "()»i  Thursday  the  2(>th  of 
May  iMstant  will  be  sold  hy  public  vendue,  at  the  plantation  of  the 
late  .Jacob  Roth,  deceased,  in  Orangeljursfh  Township,  All  the  said 
l)lantation,  with  the  Standinf>-  croi)  thereon,  three  very  .yood  planta- 
tion slaves,  and  two  children;  the  stock  of  cattle,  horses,  hoys,  honse- 
iiold  furniture,  plantation  tools,  and  all  otiier  articles  belon<!,in«  to 
said  estate.     The  conditions  will  be  made  known  on  the  day  of  sale. 

"All  persons  havin<--  any  demands  a.uainst  the  said  estate,  are  de- 
sired to  brinj"-  them  in  properly  attestetl;  and  all  those  indebted,  to 
make  payment  by  the  above  day  to. 

;;.John  Herris,,er,uvr,      i  ,,;x,.,.ui„rs." 
"Henrv  lvekcnl)acb(r,  i 


178  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(502.)  On  Sunday  July  30t!>.  In  Orangeburgh  Church. 
John„Jacob,  Son  of  John., Frederick  &  Mary,, Barbara 
Ulmer;  born  July  3^1  1758.  Suret:  Jacob  Giessen- 
dafier,  &  Jacob  &  Margaret  Ott. 

(503.)  On  Sunday  August  27l'.i  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
John,  Son  of  Ulrick  &  f]va,, Maria  Brunner;  born 
Augt  4th  1758.  Suret:  John  Miller,  Nicholas  Yonn. 
&  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Herrisperger 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(504.)  Jacob,  Son  of  Andrew  &  Margaret  Frederick; 
born  June  20th  175s.  Suret:  Peter  Shoeman,  Peter  &. 
Margaret  Dirr. 

(505.)    Baptized. .  -In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  August  27^}?. 

Anna,  Daughter  of  Emanuel  &  Mary  Miller;  born 
August  5th  1758.  Suret:  John  Stehely,  Anna  Negely, 
&  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Herrisperger. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(506.)  Sarah,  Daughter  of  Adam  &  Anne„Margaret 
Snell;  born  July  16^1}  1758.  Suret:  Barnard  Ziegler. 
Mary,, Elizabeth,  wife  of  Conrad  Hungerbiller,  &  Cath- 
arine Herter.  . . 

(507.)  On  Sunday  Septemb';.3*i  .  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  Susannah,  Daughter  of  John  &  Elizabeth  Bur- 
dell;  born  July  4th  1753,  Siiret:  Lewis  Ulmer,  Eliza- 
beth Tilly,  &  Mils  Hawskin,  widow. 

(508.)  On  Sunday  Septemb';  10th  In  Amelia  Chappel 
Jane,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  P\inny  Curtise;  born 
Febi;  7th  1757.  Suret:  John  &  Fanny  Millis,  and 
Katherine  Ballintine  -    •  • 

(509.)  On  Thursday  Septemb';  14!.''.  In  Oranegb.. 
Church.  Anna,  Daughter  of  Leonard  &  Sarah  Warne- 
dow;  born  March  lOth  175s.  Surets:  Charles  &  Anna 
Hottow  and  Anna  Kays-  • 

(510.)  On  Sunday  Septemb';.  17"'  In  Orangeb,. 
Church  Anna,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Anna  Cook:  boi'n 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  179 

Augiir^t  14t.V.  175S.     Siiret:   Jacob  Yssler,  Rachel,  wife 
of  Michael  Larry   &  Barbara  Frolich,  widow. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(511.)  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  John  &  Anne„Mar- 
garet  Myer,  born  August  2*?  1758.  Suret:  Frederick 
Myer,  Lovisa,  wife  of  Jacob  Horger,  &  Verena,  wife 
of  Jn^'  Nicholas  Shiiler. 

(512.)   Baptized  in  Orange  burgh  Church 

On  Sunday  Septeml)';    \7^}^ 

Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  John., Peter  &  Magdalene 
Sondel;  born  JuneSt'i  1758.  Suret:  Peter  Shoeman. 
Ann„Catharina.  wife  of  George..Jacob  Kurner.  &  Ann= 
Mary-Cat harina,  wife  of  Ulrick  Roth  ... 

(518.)  On  Sunday  Octob';  l*?t  Baptized  at  a  House 
upon  the  High.,Hills  in  SI  Mark's  Parish,  where  per- 
formed Divine  Service 

(514.)   Two  Children. 

(515.)  On  Tuesday  Octob':  3<i  At  the  House  of  (^ol. 
Richard  Richardst)n  in  SI  Mark's  Parish 

Ezekiah„Cantey.  Son  of  the  said  Richard  Richard- 
son &  N.  his  wife:  horn  Sep";  28t.'i  1758.  Suret:  Josiah 
Cantey,  Miss  N.  Richardson,  ct  Richard  Richardson 
Jun 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 
near  iVmelia 

(516.)  Margaret,  Daughter  of  John  &  Maig-aret  M*"- 
Gowan:  born  15t'>  Sept';  175S.  Suret:  George  M^'- 
Nichols*  &  his  wife  &  Katharine  Flood 

(517.)  On  Sunday  Octob';  S*!'  In  Amelia  Chappel. 
Moses.  Son  of  Jeremiah  &  Katherine  Strother:  born 
August  St.'.i  1758-  vSuret:  Jerenjiah  Strother.  S\\ en  «V 
p]lizabeth  Themlioro. 


■^Tl>c  will  (if  one  Ocoruc  McN  iclidls,  iccunlcil  in  llic  ulVwr  of  .Judtic 
of  Prohiitf,  Cliiirk'stoii,  is  d.-itcd  17.").">,  .-iikI  is  to  lie  Iniiini  mi  it.-iyc  14.';, 
of  tlu-  hook  for  tli;it  iu'i'io(l. 


ISO  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(518.)  Margaret,  Daughtei-  of  Richard  &  Mary  Bald- 
ridge;  born  August  31*?^  1758.     Suret John  Tliom- 

son,  Sarah  Thomson,  &  Elizabeth  Vance. 

(519.)    Baptized In  my  House 

On  Saturday  Octob';  14!!^ 

James,  Son  of  Isham  &  Anue  Clayton;  born  Sep- 
temb';  5^!'  1758.  Suret:  Peter  Faure,  Lewis  Netman 
&  Mary  Faure 

(520.)  On  Sunday  Octobi;  15^.11.  In  Amelia  Chappel. 
Rachel,  Daughter  of  Willinm  &  Jane  Newton;  born 
Sepf;  llt.l^  1758.  Suret:  William  M^'Nichol,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  William  Heatly,  ^  Mary.,Anne,  Wife  of 
John  Fouquet 

(521.)  On  Sunday  Octobi;  224  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  Anne,, Katharine,  Daughter  of  Nicholas  &  Su- 
sannah„Elizabeth  Zorn;  born  Sepf;  23'J  1758.  Snret= 
Henry  Zorn,  Eva„Katharine  Pfuntzius,  widow,  &  An- 
na,,Maria„Cathariija,  wife  of  Ulrick  Roth. . 

(522.)  On  Saturday  Novembr  4^ii  At  the  House  of 
John  Aberly  below  Orangeburgh  Township  Anna,. 
Barbara,  Daughter  of  John  &  Margaret  Anding;  born 
Septr  8th  1758^  Suret^  Frederick  and  Barbara  Huber. 
&  Barbara,  wife  of  Peter  Shoeman. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(523.)  Anna„Barbara,  Daughter  of  Petei-  &  Barbara 
Shoeman;  born  in  Decemb^  1757.  Suret:  George 
Drechsler,  Margaret,  wife  of  John  Anding,  &  Anne 
Aberly. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(524.)  Anna„Margaret,  Daughter  of  Peter  and  Kath- 
arine Dirr;  born  January  20*.^  1758..  Suret:  Peter  A: 
Barbara  Shoeman.  it  Maigaret.  wife  of  John  And- 
ing... 

(525.1    Baptized  -  ■      In  Aimdia  Chappel 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  181 

On  Sunday  Novenil)!  12!!> 

Rachel,  Daughter  of  William  &  Maiy., Elizabeth 
Heatl}-;  born  August  24^.'  1758.  Suret^  Cob:  John 
Chevillette,  Anne,  wife  of  James  Courtonne,  &  Rachel, 
wife  of  John  LloyrI 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(526.)  Jeremiah,  Son  of  Randal  &  Rachel  M^'Car- 
they;  born  Septenib';  23<?  1758.  Suret^.  Cornelius 
Thys,  Gari-et  &  Agnesia  Fitz  Patrick. 

EfVJem  Die  et  Loco: 

(527.)  Rachel,  Daughter  of  William  &  Rebecca 
Hickie;  born  Octob';  28!il  1758. 

Surefs  Joseph  Gant,  Anne,  wife  of  Robert  Gossling, 
&  Rachel  wife  of  Randal  M<^Carthey 

(528.)  On  Monday  Novembr  27!^  Administred  pri- 
vate Baptis'm  in  my  House  to 

John,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Lovisa  Horger;  born  Octob\' 
2SfJ'  1758.    Present:    John  Myer,  John  Ott  &c. 

(529.)  On  Sunday  Decemb';  lOtii.  In  Amelia  Chap- 
pel* 

(530.)   Eodem  Die  et  Loc6:t 

(531.)   On  Sunday  Decemb''  17!Ji. 

Baptized In  Orangeb,,  Church  

Jacob,  Son  of  Martin  &  Margaret,, Barbara  Kemler; 
born  Novemb';  l^t  1758:  Suret..  Jacob  Morff,^  Con- 
rad Hungerbiller  &  Barbara  Dentzler 

(532.)  On  Sunday  Decemb'.*  2i\]^  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Catharina,, Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  Lewis  and  Mary,, 
Barbara  Roth;  born  Decemb';  .  1758.  Suret.  Lewis  & 
Elizabeth  Golsen,  &  Catharina,  wife  of  Hans., George 
Hessy. 

(533.)  On  Sunday  Decemb';  31^:.'  In  Orangeb,,  Church 

*Rest  left  out.     -flA^ft  hhmk. 

jTlu'  will  of  .Itieol)  iMorff,  "of  SaXf-dotlia"  TovviLsliip,  istlatt-d  Oeto- 
lier,  17()2,  and  is  it'cordt'd  in  tlieotticc  of  .Jndjiv  of  IM-obatr,  ('harlcslon, 
on  pajrc  2:iO,  of  the  book  covering'  that  year. 


182  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Susannah,  Daughter  of  Daniel  &  Sarah —  Linder;  born 
Octob''  SOtii  1758.  Sui-et«  John  Thomson,  Elizabeth 
Tilly,  Susannah  Tilly 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(534.)  Sarah,  Daughter  of  Martin  ct  Susanah  Sally: 
born  March  13*.'^  1758.  Suret.^  Joseph  Coutier  Jun.. 
Mary  Coutier  &  Anna  Yonn  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(535.)   Mary,  Daughter  of  Jiv>  Herman  &  Elizabeth 
Crummy;    born    Feb';    2'?    1753.     Suret:    Henry    and 
Mary,.Elizabeth    Felder,   &    Martha,   wife   of  Joseph 
Wood. 
1759. 

January  15*:^. 

(536.)  Charles,  Son  of  Barnard  k  Martha  Linsey: 
born  Pebi;  IStji  1756.  Sui-et:  Thomas  Farles,  Freder- 
ick &  Anna  Hougs-  • 

(537.)   Baptized...    January  15^'^ 

Elisha,  Son  of  Frederick  &  Anna  Hougs;  boi-n  Sep- 
tembr  5th  1758.  Suret.  Barnard  &  Martha  Lindsay, 
Thomas  Farles-  •  • 

Eodem  Die: 

(538.)  Benjamin  &  }  both  the   Sons  of  Bartilot  and 

(539.)  William  ( Katherine  Brown;  Benjamin 
born  January  27*!^  1756;  William  born  Octob*;  51^ 
1757.  Suretf!  for  both:  Henry  Kowe,  William  De- 
widd  &c, 

(540.)   On  Sunday In  Orangel).,  Church 

Daughter  of  Jacol)  i^'  Margaret  Ott:  born 

175—     Suretr.* 

(541.)  On  Wednesday  Felj';  7f.','-  In  Orangeb., 
Church  Christopher,  Son  of  Henry  A:  Anna  liowe:  born 
January  20^1.'  1759.  Suret^  Andrew  «.V:  Rachel  Co  van. 
John  Giessendanner.  .  . 

■•Noiu'  uivcii. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  183 

(542.)  On  Sunday  Feb';  18^...  In  Orangeburgh 
ChiuTh 

Elizabeth., Barbara,  Daughter  of  George  and  Catha- 
rina  Waber;  born  January  21^;^  1759.  Suret.*?  Nicho- 
las &  Barbara  Waber,  k  Elizabeth  Waber,  widow.  • 

Eodem  Die  et  Loc-6: 

(543.)  John, .Theodore,  Son  of  George,, Frederick  & 
Elizabeth  Knobel;  born  Jan';  W}}  1759.  Suret.*?  Theo- 
dore Fichtner,  Frederick  Ulmer,  &  Anna„Maria  Hert- 
zog. . . 

(544.)  On  Sunday  March  4t'.>.  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Samuel.  Son  of  James  &  Judith  Nicks;  born  January 
30^J  1757.  Suret«  Nathainiel  &  Mary— Watson,  &  Ja- 
cob Hottovv. 

(545.)   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  March  i^. 

Jane,  Daughtei-  of  Nathaniel  &  Mary  Watson;  born 
Octobi;  9Lll  1758.  Suret«  Frederick  Ruber,  Jacob 
Hottpw,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  Sam!   Densmore. 

(546.)   On  Sunday  March  ll':'^    In  Amelia  Chappel. 

James,  Son  of  Samuel  &  Mary  Carney;  born  April 
'j\^  1758.  Surety  Arthur  Carney.  Moses  Thomson 
1:  Taylor  \  &  Mary., Ann,  wife  of  Conrad  Halman. 

(547.)  On  Tuesday  March  ]S^}}  Administred  private 
Baptis'm  at  the  House  of  Jacob  Stroman  in  Orange- 
burgh Township  to 

Anna.. Margaret,  Daughter  of  the  said  Jacob  ^^  Eva., 
Catharina  Stroman;  born  Novemb';  3<?  1758.  Pres- 
ent:   John  Shaumloffel  &c 

(548.)  On  Sunday  March  2'j^}}  In  Orangeb.,  ("hnrch 
John.,Lewis.  Son  of  Lewis  «t  Elizabeth  Golsaii:  born 
February  9^1'  1759.  Suret':  John  and  Barbara  (Jiessen- 
danner.  John  Harrisperger.  . 

Eodem  Die  et  Lix'o: 

(549.)    Hans,. Jacob.   Son   of  .lohn..( 'as]»ai'  c^-    Anna.. 


1S4  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Barbara  Mintz;  born  March  \2[^}  1759.     Suret«  John 
&  Elizabeth  Giegelman  &  Jacob  Giegelman. 

(550.)   On  Sunday  April  l^:t.    In  Orangeb,,  Church. 

Lewis,  Son  of  Lewis  &  Frances  Patrick;  born  Sept'.* 
17th  1758.     Suret.s.  John  Clayton,  Henry  Zorn,  &  An- 
na, wife  of  Joseph  Deraraas- . . 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(551.)  John,  Son  of  William  Pendarvis.  &  Catharina. 
wife  of  Thomas  Puckridge;  born  YehK  22<?  1759.  Su- 
rety Joseph  Deramas,  Jacob  Fund,  &  Mary,  wife  of 
Abraham  Yssenhoot 

(552.)   Baptized  -  •  -  ■    In  Amelia  Chappel 

On  Sunday  April  8^^. 

Anna,  Daughter  of  William  &  Deborah  Sabb;  born 
February  2<?  1759.  Suret.*^  William  &  Mary..Eliza- 
beth  Heatly;  &  Anna  Jones 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(553.)  William,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Mary  Eberhardt: 
born  January  2^^}}  1759.  Surety  William  &  Rebecca 
Mitchel  &c 

(554.)  On  Easter„Day  April  W}}.  In  Orangeb.. 
Church  Hans„George.  Son  of  Francis  &  Mary  Koonen: 
born  March  21^*.  1759.  Surety:  George  Balziger.  Ja- 
cob Rumph,  Catharine,  wife  of  Jacob  Koonen. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(555.)  Eva„Catharina.  Daughter  of  Adam  H:  Anna.. 
Barbara  Rupp;  born  January  8<)  1759.  Sure t?.  Mar- 
tin Zimerman,  Eva„Cathariua.  wife  of  George  Hayner. 
&  Eva,. Elizabeth  Hertzog 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(55H.)    Lucretia,  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Sarah  Clem- 
nions:  born  May  l«f  175S.     Suret^    Henry  Sally  Jun  • 
..    Christina,  wife  of  Nicholas   Von  11.   »k:   N.  wife  of 
Henry  Sally  Sen. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  185 

(557.) Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Mary 

Coutier;  born* 

(558.)  On  Suuday  April  224  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Peter,  Son  of  Henry  &  Mary„Elizabeth  Felder;  born 
April  24  1759.  Surety  John  &  Barbara  Giessendaner, 
Jacob  Giessendaner. 

(559.)   Baptized...-    In  Orangeb,,  Church 

On  Sunday  May  Q\^}: 

Rebecca,  Daughter  of  James  and  Frances — Grant; 
born  April  G^';  1759.  Suret?.  John  &  Barbara  Giessen- 
danner,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings. 

(560.)  On  Sunday  May  13th.  jn  Amelia  Chappel 
Jane,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Jane  Piatt;  born  March 
34  1759.  Surety.  Moses  and  Jane  Thomson,  &  Moses 
Thomson  Junior 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(561.)  David,  Son  of  Johnf  &  Sophinisba  M<^Cord; 
born  March  12^^  1759.  Suret^  William  Thomson, 
John  Russell,  &  Rachel,  wife  of  John  Lloyd 

(562.)  On  Sunday  May  20th  In  Orangeb..  Church 
Hans,, Paul,  Son  of  John,, Martin  and  Anna„Margaret 
Hossleiter;  born  April  7th  1759.  Suretf.  Francis  & 
Mary  Koonen,  &  Kilian  Grissert.  •  •  • 

(563.)  On  Sunday  May  27th  in  Orangeb,,  Church 
Agnes,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Esther  Volckart;  born 
May  18th  1759,  Suretf.  Frederick  Huber,  Agnes  Hu- 
ber,  &  Verena,  wife  of  Henry  Wiirtzer 

(564.)  On  Friday  June  \^}  Administred  private 
Baptism  at  the  House  of  Jacob  Herlan  in  Orange- 
burgh  Township  to  a  Sick  Infant,  viz:    Johannes,  Son 

*Rest  left  out. 

tThe  ,V.  ('.  Gazrftr,  of  Moiuhiy,  Aujiust  29,  17(iS,  i-oi)tains  the  fol- 
lowiuji-  advertisement  of  Soplioiiisha  McCord,  Administratrix,  and 
Ciiaries  McC'ord,  Administrator:  "To  l)e  sold,  at  i)nl)lic  Auction,  on 
Monday,  the  12tl)  day  of  Sei)temlK>r  next  ( if  a  fair  day)  if  not  the 
next  fair  day  following:  All  the  personal  estate  of  ('apt.  .lolm  MeCord, 
late  of  St.  Mark's  I'arisii,  deceased,"  ^-c. 


186  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  the  said  Jacob  &  Mary,.Susannah  Herlan;  born 
May  20th  1759.  Present:  Anna  Roller.  NB:  This  Child 
recover'd,  and  was  receiv'd  according  to  the  Order  of 
the  Church  on  Sunday  July  22«?  1759.  Suret«  Nicho- 
las Yonn,  John  Stehely,  Anna  Koller. 

(565.)   Baptized ...    In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Whit  Sunday  June  3*? 

Daniel,  Son  of  John„Nicholas  &  Verena  Shuler; 
born  April  25t'i  1759.  Suret^  Daniel  Shuler,  John  & 
Margaret  Myer 

(566.)  On  Monday  June  4tii  Administred  private 
Baptis'm  in  my  House  to 

Frederick.  Son  of  Peter  &  Magdalene  Murer;  born 
April  5t'.i  1759.     Present:   John  &  Ulrick  0th ..  - 

(567.)  On  Monday  June  4^^  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Thomas,  Son  of  Henry  &  Anne  Young;  born  April  13^.1? 
1759.  Suret«  Gavin  Pou,  John„Lewis  Wolf,  &  Eliza- 
beth Tilly 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(568.)  Rachel,  Daughter  of  John  Crummy  deceas'd 
and  Elizabeth,  his  late  wife;  born  March  2<?  1757-.- 
Suretf^  Henry  &  Magdalene  Crummy,  &  Margaret 
vv^ife  of  Joseph  Griffith 

(569.)  On  Sunday  June  lOV.i.  In  Amelia  Chappel 
Mary,  Daughter  of  William  &  Frances  Flood;  born 
March  33<?  1759.  Suretfi  James  Flood,  Catharine 
Flood  &  Mary  Ham  melton    -  -  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(570.)   Mary„Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  Alexander  and 
Anne  Boy;  born  April  28^^  1759.     Suret«  John  Foust.  ' 
A  una,, Margaret  Dentzler.  &  Anna  Smith. 

(571.)   On    Sunday   July    1*:'     In    Orangeb,.   Church 
Catharina,  Daughter  of  Joseph  t<t   Margaret  C()Of)er: 
born  May  17t|i  1759.     Surety:   William  Pou,  Margaret, 
wife   of   Gavin   Pou.  &    Barbanu  wife   of  John   Jen--^ 
nings. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  187 

(584.)*   Baptized In  Orangeburgh  Church 

On  Sunday  August  U)^!i. 

Elijah,  Son  of  John  Crummy  deceas'd,  &  and  Eliza- 
beth, his  late  wife;  born  March  5^.h  1755.  Suret^; 
Henry  Crummy,  Peter  Sandei  &  Mary  Inabnet 

(585.)  On  Sunday  August  2^^}}  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Mary„Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Caspar  &  Mary  Oth; 
born  August  4t^}}  1759.  Suret«  John  Oth,  Mary„Eliza- 
beth  Stroman,  &  Mary,  Wife  of  Francis  Koonen. 

(586.)  On  Thursday  Septembr  13th  i^  Orangeb,, 
Church  James,  a  Bastard„Child  of  Elizabeth  Crossby; 
born  May  28th  1759,  Suret«  Peter  Faure,  Isham  & 
Anna  Clayton. 

(587.)  On  Sunday  Octob':  21«t.  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Joseph,  Son  of  George  Hessy  and  Catharina,  his  wife; 
born  August  24th  1759.  Suret^  Joseph  Deramas,  Ja- 
cob Weimer.  &  Verena,  wifeof  Nicholas  Shuler. 

Eodeni  Die  et  Loco: 

(588.)  Anna,  Daughter  of  John  &  Barbara- Giessen- 
danner;  born  Monday  Septemb'.'  10th  1759.  Suret« 
Christopher  Rowe,  Rachel,  wife  of  Andrew  Govan,  and 
Barbara,  wife  of  John  Jennings:  Born  between  9  & 
10  o'clock. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(589.)  Anna.  Daughter  of  Ulrick  &  Margaret  Stere- 
ky  born  Sept^  12t.h  1759.  Suret^  John  Stereky,  Anna 
Roller,  and  Catharina,  wife  of  Jacob  Koonen 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(590.)  Regina,  Daughter  of  Jacob  <t  Apollonia  Wolf; 
born  Sepf;  6th  17,59.     Surety*.  Frederick  Huber,  cVc. 

(591.)    Baptized  •  •  •    In  Orangeburgh  Church. 

On  Sunday  Novemb'.-  iSth. 

John..Fi'ederi('k,  Son  of  Henry  &  Juliana  Snell:  born 

••Froiu  ^T^  to  ')S8,  iiickisivi",  lost. 


188  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Sept":  23f}  1759.     Surety.  Frederick  Hoff,  Philip  Wag- 
ner &  Mfir}^  Duboy 

Eoflein  Die  et  Loco: 

(592.)  Jacob,  Son  of  Adam  &  Anne,,Margaret  Snell; 
boni  Sept':  21st  1759^  Suret,^  Peter  Murer,  Ulrick  & 
Anne„Mary=Catharina  Roth    -  -  - 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(593.)  Catharina„Margaret,  Daughter  of  John„Peter 
&  Magdalene  Sondel;  born  Septr  28^.';  1759.  Surety 
Ulrick  &  Anne„Mary,.Catharina  Roth,  &  Maria,  wife 
of  Andrew  Frederick. 

(594.)  On  Sunday  Novemb':  25^1  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Ann  a,.  Margaret,  Daughter  of  Jacob  and  Christina,, 
Barbara  Hungerbiller;  born  August  26^.';  1759.  Surety. 
Caspar  &  Anna,,  Maria  Kuhn,  and  Margaret,  wife  of 
Joseph  Huber. 

(595.)   On  Sunday  Decembi;  16^;'.'   In  Orangeb,,  Church 
David,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anna  Rumph;  born  Novemh'; 
lO^h.  1759.    Surets  Henry  Felder,  Francis  Koonen,  & 
Catharintt.  wife  of  Jacob  Koonen  .... 

(596.)  On  Christmas„Day  Decembr  2b^}}.  In  Orangeb,. 
Church  Susannah,  Daughter  of  George  &  Susanah,, Bar- 
bara Ulrick;  born  Novenibr  27V?  1759.  Suret?.  John 
&  and  Barbara  Giessendanner,  &  Ursula  Leysath 

(597.)   Baptized In  Orangeb,,  Church. 

On  Christ  mas,.  Day  Decern  b^  25^^ 

Eva„Catharina,  Daughter  of  Bernhard  and  Anne,, 
Mary  Ziegler;  born 1759,  Surety* 

(598.)  On  Wednesday  Decembi;'  26^.'.  In  Orangeb,, 
Church  Joseph,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Hannah  Pendarvis; 
born  Septemb":  3*?  1759.  Suretf.  Philip  Jennings, 
Brand  Pendarvis,  &  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Joidan  —  — 

1760. 


January  \^.^, .      In  Orangeburgh  Church 

*N()ne  given. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


18^ 


(599.)  Susannah,  Daughter  of  John  &  Eva.,Cathari- 
i]a  Jubb;  born  May  24tii  1751)  Suret«  Conrcid  Kryter, 
Susanah  Kryier,  widow,  <t  Apollonia,  wife  of  Ja<'ob 
Wolf. 

(600.)   Sunday  January  6^'.'    In  Orangeb,.  Church 

Jane,  Daughter  of  John  ^  Sarah  (Uayton;  born  No- 
vemb':  19tM759.  Surety.  Henry  Felder,  Mary  Faure, 
&  Catharine  Simons 

(601.)    Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

Margaret,  a  Bastard„Child  of  Margaret,  Daughter  of 
Hans  Imbodeii;  born  Decenib';  2H[\^  1759.  Suret*;  Nich- 
olas &  Christina  Youn,  &  Margaret  Snyder. 

(602.)   On  Sunday  Feb';  8^?    In  Orange  burgh  Church. 

Uebeccah.  Daughter  of  Joseph  &  Barbara  Dukes; 
born  Sept":  12^.^  1759.  Surety.  Henry  Felder,  Hannah, 
wife  of  Jonathan  Johnson,  &  Mary,  Wife  of  Jacob  Fund. 

(608.)  On  Saturday  Feb';  2*?  At  the  House  of  Bene- 
dict KoUer  John.,Ulrick,  Son  of  Benedict  &  Magda- 
lene KoUer  born  Jan.  30<1»  1760.  Surety  Rev<?  John 
Giessendanner,  &c. 

(604.)  Baptized  /  Sunday  Feb';  lOti^  In  Orangeburgh 
Church  John.,Jacol),  Son  of  Jn<^  Henry  &  Ann„Mar- 
garet  Shilling;  born  January  5^.'  1760.  Surets?.. 
Charles  &  Jacob  Hottow,  &  Zibilla,,Catharina,  wife  of 
Martin  Egly. 

On  Monday  Feb';  li^}}.  Administred  private  Bap- 
tis'm 

(605.)   To   Reuben  J  the  three  Children  of   Reuben 
(606.)   Mary  >  and  Elizabeth  Roberts;  Reuben 

(607.)   Solomon        \  born    Octobr    Uth   1756.    Mary 

born  January  i^}\  175S.     Solomon  born   23<|  January 
1760... 
Eodem  Die-  •  .    Administred  private  Baptism 

(60S.)   To  Henry  and  /  both   the  Sons  of  .lames  & 
(609.)    William  (  Mary    Scytes:     Henry    born 

Feb'-   15f''  1757.     William  born  Decemb';    lOU'  1758. 


190  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(610.)  Eodera  Die---  Administred  private  Bap- 
tis'm  to  Archibald,  Son  of  Charles  &  Lucy  Scytes;  born 
January  l«t  1760 

(611.)  On  Wednesday  Feb':  W}}  Administred  pri- 
vate Baptis'm  in  Cap*   Rowe's  Fort  to 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Henry  &  Anna,,Catharina 
Horger;  born  Decemb';  2^j^}}  1759.  Present:  Peter 
Roth,  Henry  Rickenbacker 

(612.)   On  Sunday  Febr  17th  !„  Orangeburgh  Church 

Daniel,  Son  of  Conrad  &  Magdalene  Yutzy:  born 
Novembr.Sth  1759.  Suret«.  Daniel  Shuler  &  Mary,. 
Barbara,  his  wife,  &  (jieorge  Hertzog 

(613.)   On  Sunday  Febl'  24tii    In  Orangeb,,  Church 

Anna,  Daughter  of  Jacob  &  Dorothy  Tshndy;  born 
Febr  17V.1  1760.  Suret^.  Simon  Yonn,  Margaret,  wife 
of  Jacob  Hottow,  &  Anna,  wife  of  Charles  Hottow. 

Tuesday  Feb';  261^  Administred  private  Baptis'm 
to 

(614.)   Peter  and  }  Sons  of  George  &  Marv  Cornw^ell: 
(615.)    Billander  f  Peter  born  July  II tii  1757.  Billan- 
der  born  January  24^,!'  1759. 

(616.)   On  Saturday  March  81^  at  John  Oth's  Fort 

Jacob,  Son  of  Ulrick  &  Eve.. Mary  Brunner:  boru 

1760,    Suret^:  Lewis  Golsen,  John  Stehely. 

for  Jacob  Rumpb,  &  Barbara,  wife  of  John  Oiessen- 
daner 

(617.)  Eodem  Die  et  Loco:  Administred  private 
Baptism  to 

Jacob,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anne. .Margaret  Giegelrnan: 
born  Febr  23<?  1760.     Present:    John  Giegelrnan  &c. 


(618.)  On  Sunday  March  2<!  In  Orangeb..  Chnndi 
James,  Son  of  John  <fe  Barbaia  Piatt:  born  Febi:.26ti.' 
1760.  Snret'::.  Samuel  Suther.  Henry  Rickenbacker. 
^  Anna,  wife  of  Jacob  Bussart, 

(619.)   On    Sunday  March   9'i>     In    Amelia   Chappel 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  191 

Thomas,  Son  of  Thomas  &  Elizaheth  Cryer;  horn 
Sept':.  11^.'.^  1759.  Surets  Thomas  &  Anne  Powel.  and 
Agnes  Joyner 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(620.)  Deborah,  Daughter  of  Thomas  &  Anne  Powel; 
born  Jan';  17^1'  17G0.  Suret«  Thomas  &  Elizabeth 
Cryer  &  John  Powel 

(621.)   On  Monday  March  24l'.i     In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Josiah,  Son  of  William  and  Rebeccah  Cantey,  of  S^ 
Mark's  Parish;  born  Jan";  201'.'  1760.    Suret«   William 
Sims,  James  &  Elizabeth  Brunson 

(622.)   Baptized...    In  Amelia  Chappel 

On  Sunday  April  ISt'i    

William,  Son  of  Edward  &  Elizabeth  Guphill;  born 
Nov;  1st  1759  Suret?.  John  and  Joseph  Collins  and 
Ann  Guphill 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(623.)  Catharine,  Daughter  of  Willm  &  Catharine 
Strother;  boi-n  Febr  28ti}  1760.  Suret?.  John  Davis, 
Dorcas  Milner  and  Elizabeth  Dargan  ...... 

(624.)  On  Thursday  April  17^1^  In  John  &  Ulrick 
0th s  Fort 

Elizabeth,  Daughter  of  Ulrick  &  Barbara  0th;  born 
April  9th  1760.  Suret^.  John  0th,  Barbara,  wife  of 
John  Oiessendaner,  &  Elizabeth  Giessendanner. 

(625.)  On  Sunday  April  20^^  In  Orangeburgh  Church 
Johannes,  Son  of  Jacob  &  Anna  Wideman;  born 
March  1«*  1760.  Suret^  John  and  Barbara  Giessen- 
danner and  Peter  Murer 

(626.)  Eodem  Die  et  Loco:  Administred  private 
Baptism  to  Elizabeth.  Daughter  of  Samuel  &  Eliza- 
beth Suther:  born  April  5^.'.'  1760.  Present:  Fred- 
erick Huber. 

(627.)  On  Sunday  May  lS.t[>  in  Orangeburgh  Church 
Thick.  Son  of  Charles  it  .\nnii  Hottow:  born  May  7^} 


192  THE  HISTORY  OF 

1760.     Surety.    William  Waiienmacker,  Christian  and 
Elizabeth  Roth 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(628.)  Anna,  Daughter  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Wan- 
nenmacher;  born  March  5^.'!  1760.  Suret^,  Jacob 
Bowman,  Anna,  wife  of  Charles  Hottow,  and  Anna, 
wife  of  Joseph  Deramas .  •  •  • 

(629.)   Baptized  ...    In  Orangeb,,  Church 

On  Whit„Sunday  May  25t.h. 

Anna,  Daughter  of  Henry  and  Apollonia,  Dentzler: 
born  April  15*1}  176O.  Suret^  Ulrick  Bruner,  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Jacob  Ott,  &  Margaret,  wife  of  John 
Myer 

(630.)  On  Sunday  June  S^Js  In  Amelia  Chappel 
Helena,  Daughter  of  Garret  and  Agnesia  Fitz,, Patrick: 
born* 

(631.)  On  Tuesday  June  10^,1}  Administred  privat 
Baptis'm  in  my  House  to  John,, Jacob,  Son  of  John 
and  Charlotte  Roberts;  born  May  23^   1760.t 

(632.)  On  Sunday  June  15*^  In  Orangeb,,  Church 
Maria„Barbara,  Daughter  of  Hans„George  and  Catha- 
rina  Waber;  born  May  23^1  1760.  Suret;*  Conrad 
Baumgartner,  Anna„Maria,  Wife  of  Barnard:]:  and 
Barbara,  wife  of  Nicholas  Waber, 

(633.)   On  Sunday  June  29t.i}** 
John,  Son  of  John  and  |f 
1 760.    Suret«  ft 

(634.)  On  Sunday  August  lO^j;  Baptized  in  Amelia 
Chappel  Jane,,Margaret,  Daughter  of  Thomas  and  Isa- 
bel Murray;  born  May  VS^}]  1760.  Suret-  Moses 
Thomson  Esqi"  Sarah  Thomson,  and  Elizabeth  wife  of 
Robert  Twiddie. 

(635.)  On  Sunday  August  \7^}].  In  Ornngeb.. 
Church  Anna„Margaret.  Daughter  of  Martin  and  Mar- 

*Rest  left  out.  tRest  left  out.  iNaiiie  torn  off.  ■•Otlu'r  words 
torn  off.     ttOther  name  torn  off.     tt'^^'i^t  yone. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  193 

jjfaret,, Barbara  Kemler;  born  July  4^}}  1760 — Suret^ 
Barnard  Ziegler.  Appollonia,  wife  of  Henry  Dentzler, 
and  Anna„Margaret  Myer 

(636.)   On     Sunday     Septemb';    7^.''.     In    Orangeb,,  ' 
Church  Isham,  Son  of  Isham*  and  Anne  Clayton;  born 
May    IQt.i?.    1760.     Suret'^   Henry  Felder,   Tobias   and 
Mary  Hertzog 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(637.)  Anne,  Daughter  of  Henry  and  Magdalene 
Crummy;  born  April  15'jj  1760.  Surety  Henry  Zorn, 
Sarah  Crummy  and  Catharine  Simmons 

(638.)  On  Sunday  Septemb';  Utji.  In  Amelia  Chap- 
pel  Andrew,  Son  of  William  and  Mary„Elizabeth 
Heatly;  born  August  li^}]  1760.  Suret^  Jerome 
Courtonne.  Willf^^  Sabb.  and  Rachel,  wife  of  John 
Lloyd. 

Eodem  Die  et  Loco: 

(639.)  William.  Son  of  Samuel  &  Mary  Carney;  born 
DecJ;  22*.»  1759.  Suret^  John  Mitchel  John  Johnson, 
Mary  Fitz  Patrick. 

(640.)  fand  Agnes  Jackson;  born:j: 

On  Easter  day  April  7  1751  Baptized  in  Orange- 
burgh  Church  Maria,  Daughter  of  Richard  &  Eliza- 
beth Hainsworth  Born  Feby  17  Last.  Spon  Michael 
Christopher  Row%  Margaret  His  wife.  Christiana  wife 
wife  of  Jacob  Morflf'.** 

Here  the  record  of  births  kept  by  Rev.  -John  Gies- 
sendanner  ends,  as  the  few  lenjaining  records  made 
by  him  have  been  lost  from  the  book.  The  following 
records  were  made  l)y  subsequent  custodians  of  the 
book: 


*Tlie  Gazette  of  the  State  of  Soiif/i  Carofhia,  in  Fehnuiry,  177S,  i\n- 
houiicihI  the  deiitli  of  Tshain  Clfiytoii  at  Orniiuclniriili. 

tFiist  name  torn  oti;  i  Jilt's t  torn  oft".  ■•  "Omitted  in  tlic  ii-iiiilar 
account  of  (Miildivii  Baptized." — Mr.  Lneas's  e(»i»y. 


194  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"Elizabeth  Giessendaiiner  the  Daughter  of  Henry  & 
Elizabeth  Gissendanner  Born  July  the  10-  1783." 

"Elizabeth  Giessendanner  the  Daughtei"  of  Daniel 
Giessendanner  and  Ann  Giessendanner  born  Decem- 
ber 21,  1791.     Henry" 

The  following  is  the  burial  re<'orcl  kept  by  Mr.  Gies- 
sendanner after  his  return  from  England: 

A    List   of    Persons   deceased    and     buried    in    the 
Township  of  Orangeburgh  Per  J  Giessendanner  Minis- 
ter of  the  Township- 
1749—50 

(1.)  On  Sunday  the  25t'>  of  Februy  was  entered  and 
buried  in  the  Church  yard  at  Orangeburgh  the  Body 
of  Dorothy  Moorer  wife  of  Peter  Moorer  Jun^;  She 
died  the  day  before  after  a  Fortnights  Illness  Aged  — 

(2.)  On  Thursday  April  the  i9tii  Eodem  Loco  was 
entered  and  Buried  the  Body  of  Anna  Magdalena, 
Daughter  of  Ulrick  and  Anna,,Angelia  Raber:  She 
died  after  ten  Days  Illness:     Aged  2  year.  7|  months. 

(3.)  On  Tuesday  Augst  \4[^^  Eodem  Loco  was  en- 
tered and  buried  the  Body  of  one  who  went  by  the 
name  of  William  Little,  or  Willjam  Little  Williams. 
He  died  at  Mr.  Joseph  Robinsons  Aged  about  70 
years. 

(4.)  On  Sunday  September  9''^  eodem  Loco  was  en- 
tered and  buried  the  Body  of  Jacob  Stauber,  a  native 
of  Canton  Zurich  in  Switzerland  Inhabitant  of  Orange- 
burgh for  about  7  months,  who  died  after  9  dys  Ill- 
ness on  Saturday  Sept  St^  a.  c.  (aged  44  years  Left  A 
Wife) 

A  List  of  Persons  deceased  and  buried 

(5.)  On  Saturday  November  lOt'i  1750  was  enterred 
&  buried  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  at  a  nu- 
merous Attendance  of  People  the  Body  of  Peter  Hugg, 
one  of  the  first  and  principal  settlers  of  this  Townshii* 
where  he  had  been  a  Liver  with  his  Family  these   15 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  195 

years  past.  He  was  horn  in  Switzerland  Canton  Bern. 
September  n.  s.  2r)f'i  1690  and  dyed  on  Thursday  night 
November  S^'i  1750  mncli  lamented  by  his  wife  and 
children,  and  all  that  l<ne\v  him. 

(6.)  On  Monday  Novemb';  26^^"  eodem  Loco  was  en- 
tered and  buried  the  Body  of  John  Niclaus  Hessy  soii 
of  Hans  George  &  Catherine  Hessy  of  this  Township 
He  dyed  the  day  before  after  two  months  Hlness  Aged 
19  months 

(7.)  On  Friday  Novemb';  30^1'  was  unfortunately 
drowned  in  Santee  Eiver  Swamp  whether  he  was  gone 
hunting  after  Cattle  in  Company  with  Several  others 
and  afterwards  was  bui-ied  in  the  woods  the  Body  of 

Andrew   [nabnet  Aged  about  27  years,  a 

Liver  in  this  Township.  His  unfortunate  death  being 
a  deplorable  loss  to  his  wife  and  3  small  children.       ' 

(8.)  On  Monday  Decemb';  3<^i  was  entered  and  buried 
the  Body  of  an  Infant  baptized  the  Day  before  named 
Hans  George  son  of  John  &  Susannah  Fridig  He  dyed 
the  night  before  and  was  buried  in  his  Father's  Plan- 
tation Aged  4  Days. 

A  List  of  Persons  deceased  and  buryed 

(9.)   On  Wednesday  January  2^^  1750/1. 

Was  entered  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh 
the  Body  of  Ann  Barbara  wife  of  Caspar  Kuhn  of  this 
Township.  She  dyed  alter  one  Days  Illness  on  Mon- 
day night  Decemb''  31;^^   Aged 

(10.)  On  Thursday  March  7^''  was  entered  (at  the 
Plantation  of  the  Father  of  the  deceased)  the  Body  of 
Hans  Jacob  son  of  Henry  «t  Catheiina  Strownjann  of 
this  Township  Aged  2  year.s  and  about  6  months. 

(11.)  On  Saturday  March  30ti'  was  entered  in  the 
chui'ch  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  ol'  (lideon  Jen- 
nings an  old  Protestant  Italian  Liver  in  this  Town- 
shij)  these  14  years  past,  who  died  the  day  before,  his 
Aue  unknown. 


196  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(12.)  On  Monday  August  12^'!  was  enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Anne  Roth, 
wife  of  Peter  lioth,  Miller  and  Carpenter:  She  was 
born  in  Switzerland  June  4t'»  1722,  n.  s.  and  died  the 
day  before  her  Burial  having  been  confined  to  her  bed 
since  her  Delivery  for  the  space  of  nine  weeks.  iEtat: 
29  years  and  some  weeks — 
1751. 

(13)  On  'fhursday  Augst  the  29*^  was  enterred  the 
Body  of  George  Giessendanner  Jun^  who  was  born  in 
Switzerland  17  July  n.  s.  1723  and  dyed  on  Tuesday 
night  August  21^^^  1751.  After  11  Days  confinement 
in  Bed  and  a  consumptive  lingering  Ailment  of  sever- 
al years  Aged  28  years  and  some  weeks, 

(14.)   On    Monday   Octobr    28*'!    was    enterred    the 
Body  of  Anna  wife  of  John  Wolf,  A  Liver  in  Orangeb^; 
Town. 

(15.)  On  Friday  January  3'^  1752  was  enterred  at 
the  Plantation  of  Cap^  James  Tilly  the  Body  of  Daugh- 
ter of  the  s*i  James  Tilly  and  Margaret  his  wife;  She 
was  born  Octobi;  3^^  1737.  and  died  on  Thursday  Jan- 
uary 2*^  1752.  After  3  days  Illness — Aged  14  years 
and  3  months. 
1752 

(16:)  On  Tuesday  January  28^.''  was  entered  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Hugh  M^- 
Coy=  He  was  unfortunately  kickt  of  his  Horse  on 
Sunday  evening  Jan  26t^>  as  he  was  mounting  the 
same,  of  which  after  much  Anguish  and  Pain  he  died 
on  Munday  night  Jan*"  27^^ 

(17.)  On  Thursday  Feb.  20f.»»  was  enterred  the  Body 
of  Maria  Daughtei  of  Christopher  &  Margaret  Row 
after  some  weeks  Illness:    Aged  3  Mo-  -29  days-- 

(18.)  On  Sunday  May  24'i'  1752  was  enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Regina.  wife 
of  Jacob  Kuhnen   Sen';  a    native  of  Switzerland  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  197 

settled  in  this  Township  in  the  yeai-  1736.  She  dyed 
after  a  lingering  Illness  of  one  month  in  the  74'^  year 
of  her  age,  and  had  lived  with  her  above  named  Hus- 
band in  wedlock  52  years 

(19.)  On  Munday  August  17^^  was  buryed  the 
Body  of  Isaac  Hottow,  a  Settler  in  this  Township  for 
several  years  past,  who  died  suddenly  on  Saturday 
August  15<^h  on  \\^Q  edge  of  the  Path  as  he  was  going 
home  and  was  found  and  taken  up  dead  between,  his 
Home  and  the  Town  of  Orangeburgh,  no  mark  of 
any  Fall  or  violence  done  him  could  be  seen  on  his 
Body.  He  left  a  wife  and  7  children,  four  of  which 
are  niarryed.  He  was  aged  57  years  and  buryed  at  his 
own  Plantation. 

(20.)  At  the  Same  Time  and  Place,  and  into  the 
same  Grave  was  enterred  the  Grand  child  of  the  said 
Isaac  Hottow  named  Susannah  Daughter  of  Charles  & 
Ann  Hottow,  who  died  on  Monday  August  17^^^  in  the 
morning  after  a  Fortnights  Illness,  aged  one  year- 

Qi  (  On  Wednesday  Septr  27^'^  was  buryed  at  the 
\  Plantation  of  the  late  Isaac  Hottow  de'cd  the 

Body  of  Catharine  Daughter  of  Peter  and  Ann  GriflBce 
of  this  Township.     She  died   the    Day   before   being 
Septr  26  after  two  days  Illness  aged  3  years  and  about 
9  months. 
1753 

Register  of  Buryals  in  Orangeburgh  Township  J.  G. 

(22.)  On  Thursday  March  29t»»  1753  was  buryed  at 
the  Plantation  of  Joseph  Kryter  the  Body  of  Daughter 
of  said  Joseph  Kryter  and  Sarah  his  wife:  She  dyed 
of  a  cough  ^tat. 

(23)  On  Sunday  July  15^1'  was  enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Margaret 
daughter  of  Michael  &  Regula  Larry:  She  died  after  a 
lingering  Illness  of  nigh  a  Twelveiiionth  atat  3  years 
3  months — 


198  THE  HISTORY  OF 

(24)  On  Monday  Septr  24^^  was  enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orange  burgh  the  Body  of* 

(25)  On  Saturday  Octoh''  27tii  1753  was  enterred  in 
the  Church  yard  of  Orangebnrgh  the  Body  of  William 
son  of  Joseph  &  Margaret  Cirieffous  died  Octob''  26^'' 
A  tat  1  year  24  Days 

(26)  On  Monday  Decern b''  17*ii  1753  was  enterred  at 
the  Plantation  of  Henry  Staicfcy  the  Body  of  Ann 
daughter  of  the  said  Hy  &  Elizabeth  Starcky  died 
Octbll6ti»,Atat  IS  days. 

(27)  On  Wednesday  Jany  2^1  1754  was  enterred  at 
the  Plantation  whereon  Joseph  Kock  now  lives  the 
Body  of-  Hans  Heinrich,  Son  of  the  said  Joseph  &  Ann 
Kock  died  Decemb''  31.  1753.     Atat  3  years  3  weeks. 

Register   of   Buryings Orangebnrgh   Town- 
ship. 
1754. 

(28)  On  Saturday  January  5^''  died  and  on  Sunday 
Jany  G^^i  was  enterred  at  the  Plantation  of  Mrs.  Mary 
Russel  in  Amelia  Township,  the  Body  of  the  said 
Mary  Russel,  who  lived  in  the  s'^  Township  nigh  26 
years,  and  died  aged  about  55  years — after  4  Days  Hl- 
ness  —  — :  — 

(29)  On  Monday  Febry  4tii  died  and  the  following- 
day  was  enterred  in  the  church  yard  of  Orangeburgh 
the  Body  of  John  Illrick  son  of  Peter  Roth  &  Ann  his 
late  wife  deceas'd  who  died  after  a  lingering  Illness  of 
some  months;  aged  2  years  &  upwards  of  7  months. 

(30)  On  Monday  March  1  P»i  was  enterred  at  the 
Plantation  of  W»»'  Barrie  the  Body  of  s<|.  W"^  Barrie. 
a  native  from  Scotland  but  a  Liver  in  Orangeburgh 
Township  for  many  years.  He  dyed  after  a  lingering 
niness  of  several  months  on  Sunday  March  10  Jitat- 

(31)  On  Wednesday  July  KM.''  died  «t  the  day  follow - 

'Name  not  ^iiven. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  199 

iiig  was  enterred  at  tlie  Plantation  whereon  Jacob 
Bossai't  then  lived,  the  Body  of  Ann  wife  of  the  said 
Jacob  Bossart  some  Time  agoe  arrived  from  Switzer- 
land, in  this  Province  She  died  after  three  weeks  Ill- 
ness aged  nigh  60  years. 

(32)  On  Saturday  Angast  3*1  died  after  three  weeks 
Illness  and  on  Sunday  August  4^1'  was  enterred  at  the 
Plantation  of  .lohn  Friday  Jur  the  Body  of  Zibella 
daughter  of  Barnard  &  Ann=Mary  Ziegler,  aged  7 
months  3  weeks 

The  remainder  of  the  burial  record  which  now  fol- 
lows was  not  copied  from  the  original,  but  from  a 
copy  of  the  original,  made  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Lucas. 
Warden  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer  in  Orange- 
burg. His  copying  was  not  as  precise  as  to  details  as 
the  foregoing,  but  is  correct  as  to  the  substance  of  the 
entries: 

Page  8. 

Register  o  Buryings    Orangeburgh  Town  ship 
1754 

N^  33  On  Saturday  Oct^'  19  died  and  on  Sunday 
Oct2  20  was  Enterred  at  the  Plantation  of  Henry 
Strom  an  the  Body  of  Catharina  Barbara,  Daughter  of 
Stephen  &  Mary  ann  Whitman  aged  8|  months. 

34  On  Friday  NovH'  29  died  /  having  unfortunately 
and  as  was  generally  judged  by  an  unhappy  accident 
shot  himself  whilst  he  thought  to  tire  at  deer — David 
Runtgenauer  a  Foreigner  from  Germany,  and  late  ser- 
vant of  Capt  James  Tilly  and  was  Enterred  at  the 
plantation  of  Christopher  Monheim  on  Saturday  Nov 
30  aged  unknown 

35  On  Thursday  Dec'"  12f'>  died  of  a  lingering  Ill- 
ness, attended  with  apoplectick  Fits  and  on  Fridax 
Dec""'  13  was  Enterred  at  the  Plantation  of  John 
George  Barr  in  Oiangeburgh  'i'ownship  tln^  Ixxly  of 


200  THE  HISTORY  OF 

the  said  John  George  Barr  a  native  of  Germany  aged 
48  years  2^  months 

36  On  Saturday  DecIH  21^''  died  after  having  been 
afflicted  with  a  tedious  Illness  of  almost  84  years,  and 
on  Sunday  Dec""  22i^  was  Enterred  in  the  Church  Yard 
of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Christian  Hnber,  son  of 
Hans  Huber  of  Orangeburgh  Township  aged  30  years 
& 

1755 

37  On  monday  March  24^*1  died  after  14  days  Illness 
and  on  Wednesday  March  26.  1755  was  Enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Susannah 
Daughter  of  John  and  Barbara  Giessendanner  aged  2 
years  5  months 

38  On  Thursday  Augt  21t'i  died  after  four  weeks 
Illness  and  on  Friday  august  22  was  Enterred  in  the 
Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  John  and  Susannah  Fridig  of  Orange- 
burgh Township  aged  6  years  and  5  months. 

Register  of  Buryings.     Orangeburgh  Township 

Page  9. 

1755. 

N^  39  On  Tuesday  August  26^^!  died  after  some 
months  Illness  and  on  Wednesday  August  27  was  En- 
terred in  the  Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh  The  body 
of  Ann  Margaret  daughter  of  Elias  and  Mary  Catha- 
rine Snell  of  Orangeburgh  Township  Aged  about  26 
years — 

40  On  Thursday  Augt  28.  died  nfter  a  tedious  and 
most  painful  Disorder  of  Nigh  Seven  years  and  on  Fri- 
day August  29^*'  was  Enterred  at  the  plantation  of 
Henry  Rickenbacker  in  Orangeburgh  Township  the 
body  of  Catharine  Dill  a  maid  aged  about  26  years. 

41  On  Thursday  Oct'_»  23<1  died  nftei-  a  long  disoi'dei- 
and  a  few   davs  confinement   in    lied   and   on    F^'riihiv 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  201 

Octl^  24  was  Enterred  at  the  Plantation  of  Melchior 
Ott,  a  native  of*  Switzerland  who  settled  in  the  said 
Township  in  the  year  1735  aged  about  57  years 
1756 

42  On  m()n(iay  Jany  19^  died  after  a  long  disorder 
and  one  days  confinement  in  Bed  and  on  Wednesday 
Jany  211^  was  Enterred  at  the  plantation  of  John 
Spring  in  Orangeburgh  Township  The  Body  of  Mar- 
garet wife  of  the  said  John  Spring  aged  about  73 
years. 

43  On  Saturday  morning  January  3l£.t  died  after 
Thirteen  days  Illness  and  on  Sunday  Feby  1  was  En- 
terred in  the  Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body 
of  Barbara  wife  of  Henry  Snell — Senior  of  Orange- 
burgh Township  aged  about  72  years 

Register  of  Buryings  Orangeburgh  Township 

Page  10  

1756 

44  On  Sunday  Feby  8^  died  of  a  painful  disorder 
and  on  Monday  Feby  911l  was  Enterred  at  the  Planta- 
tion of  Joseph  Robinson  in  Orangeburgh  Township 
the  body  of  Anne,  wife  of  the  said  Joseph  Robinson 
aged  about. 

45  On  Wednesday  April  14^  died  after  one  months 
Illness  and  on  Thursday  April  15ill  was  enterred  in 
the  Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  body  of  Jacob 
Kuhnen  senior  a  native  of  Switzerland  who  settled  in 
Orangeburgh  Tow^nship  in  the  year  1736  aged  about 
83  years 

46  On  Thursday  June  17ti»  died  after  a  lingering  Ill- 
ness of  nigh  a  Twelve  month  and  on  Friday  June  18^1^ 
was  Enterred  in  the  Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  of  Abraham  Son  of  Jacob  and  Anne  Rumph 
aged  one  year  8  months  ct  20  days 

47  On  Sunday  July  41il  died  after  some  months  Ill- 
ness   an<l    on    Monday    -Uilv    5    was    Enterred   in   the 


202  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Church  Yard  of  Orangebnrgh  the  Body  of  John  Bal- 
ziger— Senior^ — of  the  said  Township  of  Orangeburgh — 
Anno  a  tat  59  years  9  months  &  9  da.ys 

48  On  Wednesday  Sept  S^ii  died  after  Eight  days 
Illness  and  on  Thursday  Sept  9ill  was  Enterred  in  my 
absence  at  the  plantation  of  Martin  Kooner  in 
Orangebuigh  Township  the  Body  of  Hans  Jacob,  son 
of  Jacob  and  Catharina  Kooner  of  the  Township  afore- 
said aged  4  years  wanting  22  days 

49  On  Friday  Sept  17^''  died  and  on  Saturday  Sept 
ISlll  was  Enterred  in  the  Church  Yard  of  Orangeburgh 
the  Body  of  Ursula,  widow  of  (lideon  Zanini  |alias| 
Jennings  late  of  Orangeburgh  Deceased  aged  Sixty 
seven  Years. 

Page  11 
1756 

50  On  Monday  Sept  19th  died  and  on  Tuesday  Sept 
20Hl  was  Enterred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh 
the  Body  of  Lewis  son  of  Luke  and  Mary  Patrick  of 
Orangeburgh  aged  16  months  IS  days 

51  On  Sunday  Sept  26  died  and  on  Monday  Sept  27 
was  Enterred  at  the  Plantation  whereon  the  deceased 
then  lived  the  Body  of  Seth  Hatcher  of  Edisto  Fork  a 
native  of  Virginia  aged  about  70  years 

52  On  Tuesday  Oct^  5^11  died  of  the  bloody  Flux 
and  on  Wednesday  Oct^2  ^—  was  Enterred  at  the  Plan- 
tation of  John  Harrisperger  in  Orangeburgh  the  Body 
of  Nicholas  Dirr  of  said  Township  aged  35  years  a 
Carpenter  &  Millwright. 

53  On  Monday  Oct2  U^^'  died  of  the  Bloody  Flux 

54  Peter  and  on  Tuesday  Oct2  12  died  of  the  Same 
disorder  Jacob  both  the  sons  of  Johannes  and  Eliza- 
beth W(df  of  Orangeburgh  who  were  both  Enterred  in 
the  plantation  of  the  said  Johannes  W^olf  on  Wednes- 
day Ocir  13t'>  Peter  aged  5  years  &  1  month  13  days. 
Jacc)b  aged  2  years  3  months  and  22  days. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  203 

55  On  TuescUiy  Oct<»  12  died  of  the  Bloody  flux  and 
on  Wedtjesday  Octi.^  13  was  Enterred  at  tbe  Plantation 
of  Francis  Kooner  in  Orangeburgli  the  Body  of  Jacob 
son  of  the  said  Francis  and  Mary  Kooner  aged  two 
years  wanting  15  days 

56  On  Friday  Oct<>  W±  died  and  on  Saturday  Oct2 
16  was  Enterred  on  the  plantation  of  John  Martin 
Hossleiter  of  Orangeburgh  Township  the  Body  of 
Hans  Emanuel  son  of  the  said  John  Martin  and  Anne 
Margaret  Hosssleiter  aged  2  years  7  months 

Register  of  Buryings     Orangeburgh  Township 
1756. 

57  On  Saturday  Oct2  16  died  and  on  Sunday  Oct"  17 
was  Enterred  ^t  the  plantation  of  Jacob  Herlan  in 
Orangeburgh  Township  the  body  of  Mary  Catharina 
Daughter  of  the  said  Jacob  &  Mary  Susannah  Herlan 
aged  11  years  wanting  2  months 

58  On  Friday  Evening  Dec^»  3^  died  after  Ten  weeks 
Confinement  in  Bed  and  on  Sunday  Decl"  ^^—  was  En- 
terred in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of 
Magdalene  late  widow  of  Peter  Hugg  of  Orangeburgh 
deceased  aged  59  years  wanting  22  days. 

59  On  Sunday  night  DecV/  26  1756  died  &  on  mon- 
day  Dec™  27  was  Enterred  at  the  Plantation  of  Peter 
Roth  in  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  an  Infant  named 
Anne  Margaret,  daughter  of  Jacob  &  Anne  Wymer 
aged  6  dayS: 

1757 

60  On  Saturday  Jany  SHi  died  &  on  Monday  Jany 
10^  was  Enterred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh 
the  Body  of  F^lizabeth,  widow  of  Henry  Hessy  deceased 
aged  ahnost  79  years- 

61  On  Sunday  Jany  16  die<l  »t  on  monday  Jany  17 
was  eiiterred  in  the  Plantation  whereon  Henry 
Sterckey  lives  in  Oi-angeburgli  Townsliip  the  Body  of 


204  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Elizabeth  wife  to  the  said  Henry  Sterckey  aged  3 — 
years 

62  On  Friday  morning  Feby  4121  died  &  on  Saturday 
Evening  Feby  611l  was  Enterred  at  the  plantation  of 
William  Howell  the  Body  of  the  said  William  Howell 
a  settler  i'or  many  years  over  Santee  or  Congaree 
River  in  Craven  County  aged 

Register  of  Buryings    Orangeburgh  Township 
1757 

63  On  Tuesday  night  March  15Ill  died  in  child  Bed 
and  on  Thursday  March  ITHl  was  Enterred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Margaret 
wife  of  Adam  Snell  aged  about  26  years 

64  On  Wednesday  April  2711l  died  of  a  lingering  Hl- 
ness  Hlness  and  on  Thursday  April  28*^  was  enterred 
in  the  plantation  of  Jacob  Strowman  of  Orangeburgh 
Township  the  Body  of  Margaret  wife  of  the  said  Ja- 
cob Strowman  aged  36  years  &  3  days 

65  On  Wednesday  June  Sljl  died  &  on  Thursday 
June  9H^  was  Enterred  in  the  Church  Yard  of  Orange- 
burgh the  Body  of  William,  son  of  John  &  Phibbie 
Mitchel,  lately  come  from  the  Northward  aged  20. 
mo. 

(66)  On  Wednesday  vVugust  31^!  died  after  nine  days 
Hlness  and  on  Thursday  SeptI  1^  was  enterred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Magdalena 
wife  of  Hans  Imdortf  of  Orangeburgh  a  native  of 
Switzerland  aged  about  70  years 

(67)  On  Saturday  Nov^  \9^^  died  &  on  Tuesday 
Nov  22  was  Enterred  in  the  church  yard  of  Orange- 
burgh the  Body  of  Susannah  wife  of  Hans  Huber  of 
Orangeburgh  aged  about  seventy  years. 

(68)  On  Sunday  Nov^  27'^  died  in  child  Bed  &  on 
Monday  NoV  28  was  Enterred  on  the  plantation  of 
Abraham  Dupuis  in  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Susan- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  205 

iiah  wife  of  the  said  Abraham  Dupuis  aged  37  Years, 
9  mo. 

(69)  On  ThursiJay  DecT  l^  was  Enterred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Oraiigeburgh  the  Body  of  Evan  Reece 
a  settler  on  the  North  side  of  Congree  River  who  died 
at  the  house  of  Luke  Patrick  in  Oraugeburgh  on  Tues- 
day Novl  30111  then  being  on  his  Journey  to  Georgia 

Register  of  Buryings     Orangeburgh  Township 
1758. 

(70)  On  Tuesday  Jany  13  1758  died  of  a  lingering 
Illness  and  on  Sunday  January  151J1  was  Enterred  in 
the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Eliza- 
beth wife  of  Joseph  Huber  of  the  said  Township  aged 
about  29  years 

(71)  On  Thursday  night  Feby  22  died  and  on  Satur- 
day Feby.  4  was  Enterred  in  the  plantation  of  Martin 
Koonen  in  Orangeburgh  Township  the  Body  of  Bar- 
bara wife  of  the  said  Martin  Koonen  aged  about  67 
years- 

(72)  On  Thursday  March  9th  (Jied  and  on  Saturday 
March  11  was  Enterred  on  the  plantation  of  Melchior 

Otte  of  Orangeburgh  Township  the  Body  of  the  said 
Melchior  Otte  a  native  of  Switzerland  aged  about 
60  years. 

(73)  On  Saturday  night  March  111.^  died  of  a  pleu- 
risy and  on  Monday  March  1311l  was  Enterred  on  the 
plantation  of  John  Harrisperger  in  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  of  his  brother  Rudolph  Harrisperger  aged  27| 
years. 

(74)  On  Tuesday  March  141!^  died  and  on  Wednes- 
day the  1511i  was  Enterred  in  the  church  yard  of 
Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Anna  Negely  widow  a  na- 
tive of  Switzerland  aged 

(75)  On  Friday  morning  Marcli  \7^h  died  in  child 
Bed,  and  on  Saturday  March  18t]i  ^vas  Enterred  in  the 


;206  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  bod.y  of  Barbara 
wife  of  the  Rev^  John  Giessendauner  aged  33  years 
8|  months 

(76)  In  the  same  cophin  with  her  was  laid  and 
buried  in  the  same, grave  her  little  Infant  born  last 
Tuesday  March  \4^J}_  having  been  baptized  on  Wednes- 
day and  named  George  died  on  Thursday  night  March 
16th  1758. 

Register  of  Buryings    Orangeburgh  Township, 
1758 

(77)  On  Saturday  March  25  175^  died  after  ten  day^ 
Illness  and  on  Sunday  March  26  was  Enterred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Agnes  wife 
of  Peter  Roth  of  Orangeburgh  aged years 

(78)  On  Saturday  April  \^  died  after  six  days  Ill- 
ness at  the  house  of  Mr  Henry  Wurtzer  in  Orange- 
burgh and  on  Monday  April  3^^  was  Enterred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Fegina  Phil- 
ippina  wife  of  Valentine  Yntzy  below  Orangeburgh 
Township  aged  about  40  years. 

(79)  On  Monday  April  3^  died  of  an  apoplectic  Fit 
and  on  Tuesday  April  412l  was  enterred  on  the  planta- 
tion of  John  Harrisperger  in  Orangeburgh  the  Body 
of  Mary  Catharina  wife  of  John  Kitelman  of  Orange- 
burgh aged  almost  60  years 

(80)  On  Monday  Ap7-il  3lI  1758  died  after  Th?-ee  days 
Illness  and  on  Tuesday  April  411l  w^as  enterred  on  the 
Plantation  of  Joseph  Kryter  in  Orangeburgh  the  body 
of  the  said  Joseph  Krj^ter  aged years 

(81)  On  Monday  April  S"!  after  Eight  days  Illness 
and  on  Wednesday  April  5^'^  was  Enterred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Lewns  Linder 
a  native  from  Germany  and  Planter  below  Orange- 
burgh Townshi])  He  died  at  the  house*  of  the  Itev' 
John  Giessendauner  aged  about  50  years 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  207 

Register  of  Buryiiigs    Oraiigeburgh  Township 
1758 

(82)  Sunday  April  23:1  died  after  9  days  Illness  and 
on  Tuesday  April  2511:  was  Enterred  in  tiie  Cliurch 
yard  of  Orangeburgli  the  Body  of  Jacob  Friday  Junior 
of  Orangeburgh  aforesaid  aged  Thirty  years 

(83)  On  Thursday  April  27  after  9  days  Illness  and 
on  Friday  April  28  was  Enterred  on  the  plantation  of 
John    Friday   where   the  deceased  died  the   Body  of 

8arah  Elders  wife  of  John  Elders,  Sen^  aged  

years 

(84)  On  Wednesday  May  3:1  died  in  child  be(i  &  on 
Friday  May  the  5t'»  was  interred  in  the  Church  yard 
of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Catharina  wife  of  Henry 
Snell,  Senior*  aged years 

(85)  On  Friday  May  IDt'i  died  and  on  Saturday  May 
20  was  interred  on  the  Plantation  of  John  Shaumloftel 

in  Orangeburgh  Township wife  of 

the  said  John  Shauniloffel  aged 

(86)  On  Wednesday  June  28111  died  Suddenly  and  on 
Thursday  June  29tii  was  Entened  on  the  plantation 
of  Martin  Koonen  in  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  the 
said  Martin  Kooner  Senior  a  native  of  Switzerland 
aged 

(87)  On  Saturday  July  1511l  was  unfortunately 
drowned  in  an  Indigo  vat  and  on  Sunday  July  16  was 
interred  on  the  Plantation  of  Henry  Haym  in  Orange- 
burgh the  Body  of  Barbara  daughter  of  Adam  Frolick 
deceased  &  Barbara  his  wife  aged  almost  13  mo- 

(88)  Thursday  Novr  30tf»  1758  died  after  a  long  and 
lingering  disorder  and  on  Friday  Evening  Dec£  1^^  was 
enterred   in  Orangeburgh    Church    yard  the  Body  of 


-TIh'  will  of  Hi'iiiy  Sm-ll,  \\ii(»  \\\v<\  "lu'iir  Oranjreburfjjh  Town- 
ship", is  <i!it**(l  17H0,  :inii  is  rcconlcfl  in  tin-  ottici'  of  tiu'  .ludjic  of  Pro- 
htitf,  Clinik'ston  Coniity,  on  |>ti<;»'  284  of  Mic  hook  for  that  [wriod. 


208  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Anne  wife  of  John  Jacob  Wymer  of  Orangeburgh  aged 

about  23  years 

1758 

(89)  Thursday  Decl  211*  died  after  15  days  Illness 
and  on  Friday  Decl  22  was  enterred  on  the  plantation 
of  Peter  Murer  in  Orangeburgh. Township  the  Body  of 
the  said  Peter  Murer  Senior  a  native  of  Switzerland 
aged  almost  75  years. 

1759 

(90)  On  Thursday  Feby  22  died  after  some  days  Ill- 
ness and  on  Friday  Feby  23  was  enterred  in  Church 
yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Zibilla  Wolf  widow 
a  native  of  the  Orisons  County  in  Switzerland  aged  73 
years 

(91)  On  Monday  March  5H!_  died  after  aboat  three 
weeks  Illness  and  on  Tuesday  March  6Hi  was  enterred 
in  the  church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of 
Michael  Larry  of  Orangeburgh,  Blacksmith  aged  about 
34  years. 

(92)  On  Wednesday  evening  March  21,  1759  died 
after  Eleven  days  Illness  and  on  Friday  March  23^] 
was  enterred  on  the  plantation  of  the  late  Melchior 
Otte  late  of  Orangeburgh  deceased  the  body  of  Bar- 
bara, widow  of  said  Melchior  Otte.  aged  50  years — 

(93)  On  Wednesday  April  11^  died  after  some  days 
Illness  and  on  Thursday  April  \2^  was  interred  in  the 
church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  bod}'^  of  Elias  Snell  a 
native  of  Germany  but  residing  in.  So.  Ca  since  the 
year  1735  aged  almost  40  years — 

Register  of  Buryings     Orangel)urgh  Township 
1759 

(94)  On  Tuesday  April  2411i.  died  and  on  Wednesday 
April  25th  wa.s  interred  on  the  plantation  whereon 
Emanuel  Miller  now  lives  the  Body  of  Mary  Daughter 
of  Andrew  Inabnet  deceased  and  Mary  his  late  wife 
Aged  S  years  9  mo 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  209 

(95)  On  Tuesday  May  15  died  and  the  day  after  was 
interred  on  the  plantation  of  John  Caspar  Mintz  The 
Body  of  John  Jacob  son  of  the  said  John  Casper 
Mintz  and  Anna  Barbara  his  wife  aged  4  years  5  mo 
21  days 

(96)  On  Friday  May  25  died  &  the  day  after  was  in- 
terred on  the  plantation  of  John  Casper  Mintz  the 
Body  of  John  George  Melchior  son  of  John  Casper 
Mintz  and  Anna  Barbara  his  wife  aged  2  years  4| 
mo 

(97)  On  Monday  June  ISHl  died  of  an  apoplectick 
Fit  and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church  yard 
of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  John  Friday  Sen£  a  native 
of  Switzerland  and  a  settler  in  this  Township  since 
the  year  1735  aged  about  69  years 

(98)  On  Thursday  June  21^  died  after  a  lingering 
Illness  and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church 
yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  John  Dietrick  a  na- 
tive of  Switzerland  and  a  settler  in  this  Township 
since  the  year  1735  Aged  about  73  years 

(99)  On  Wednesday  June  27th  died  after  three  days 
sickness  and  on  Friday  June  29  was  interred  on  the 
plantation  of  Nicholas  Yonn  in  Orangeburgh  the  body 
of  Anna  Barbara  daughter  of  the  said  Nicolas  Yonn 
and  Christina  Yonn  aged  15  years  6  mo- 
Register  of  Buryings     Orangeburgh  Township 

1759 

(100)  On  Friday  July  20^^  died  after  nine  days  Ill- 
ness and  the  day  after  was  interi'ed  in  the  plantation 
of  Nicholas  Yonn  in  Orangeburgh  Township  the  Body 
of  Nicholas  son  of  the  said  Nicholas  &  Christina  Yonn 
aged  almost  8  years. 

(101)  On  Thursday  Morning  August  16tii  died  after 
8  days  Illness  and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the 
Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Cap^  Jacob 


210  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Giessendanner  He  was  born  in  Switzerland  Jany 
25/1727  Therefore  aged  32  years  6  ?no  3  weeks 
'  (102)  On  Friday  August  31:1^  died  after  a  lingering 
Illness  of  above  a  Twelvemonth  and  the  day  after  was 
interred  on  the  i:)lantation  of  Henry  Rickenbacker  of 
Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Anna,  mother  to  the  said 
Henry  Rickenbacker  and  wife  of  Conrad  Alder  aged 
63  years  11  mo 

(103)  On  Saturday  Sept  29^  died  and  the  day  after 
was  enterred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  of  Barbara  Kitchen  |alias|  Fund  widow  a  native 
of  Switzerland  aged 

(104)  On  Sunday  Nov^i  25  died  after  a  few  days  Ill- 
ness and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church  yard 
of  Orange))urgh  the  Body  of  Henry  Wurtzer  a  native 
of  Switzerland  and  a  settler  in  Orangeburgh  since 
1735  aged  55  years  &  some  njonths 

1760 
Register  of  Buryings    Orangebg    T.  Ship 

(105)  On  Friday  Jany  1V±  1760  died  and  one  day 
after  his  return  from  the  Cherokee  Expedition  and  the 
day  after  was  interred  on  the  plantation  of  the  Late 
"John    Whetstone   Sen^  deceased    the   Body   of  John 

Whetstone  Jun"*  son  of  the  above  aged  about 

(106)  On  Tuesday  Jany  15  died  and  the  day  after 
was  enterred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  of  Elizabeth  Daughter  of  Adam  Snell  and  his 
wife  deceased  aged  almost  10  years — 

(107)  On  Friday  Feby  \^:t  died  in  Child  Bed  and  the 
day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church  yaid  of  Orange- 
burgh the  Body  of  Magdalene,  wife  of  Benedict  Koller 
aged years 

(lOS)  On  Tuesday  Feby  5^''  died  and  the  day  after 
w^as  interred  in  the  church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  of  John  I'lrick  son  of  Benedict  Koller  i\:  Magda- 
lene liis  wife  deceased  Aged  7  days 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  211 

(109)  On  Thursday  Feby  W±  died  &  the  day  after 
was  interred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the 
Body  Henry  Horguer  Sen'"  a  native  of  Switzerland 
Aged  about  89  years — 

(110)  On  Monday  Feby  25^  died  &  the  day  after  was 
interred  in  the  Church  yard  of  Orangeburgh  the  Body 
of  Magdalene  wife  of  Henry  Sally  JunI  aged 

Register  of  Buryings    Orangeburgh    T.  S. 

1760 

(HI)  On  Tuesday  Feby  26^  died  of  a  pleuritic  dis- 
order &  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church  yard 
of  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  George  Ulrick  aged  about 
28  years 

(112)  On  Wednesday  Feby  27th  died  &  the  day  after 
was  interred  on  the  plantation  of  Casper  Foust  in 
Orangeburgh  the  Body  of wife  of  Fred- 
erick Purly  Shoemaker  aged years 

(113)  On  Thursday  March  6  died  after  nine  days  Ill- 
ness &  the  day  after  was  interred  on  his  own  planta- 
tion in  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Henry  Haym,  a  na- 
tive of  Switzerland  aged  about  60  years 

(114)  On  Friday  March  711l  died  after  a  pleuritic  dis- 
order of  8  days  &  the  day  after  was  interred  on  the 
plantation  of  Ulrick  0th  the  Body  of  Francis  Kooner 
Aged  35  years 

(115)  On  Tuesday  March  11  died  after  Five  days  Ill- 
ness, and  the  day  after  was  enterred  on  his  own  plan- 
tation in  Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Kilian  Gussert 
aged years 

(116)  On  Wednesday  March  12ili  died  after  9  days 
Illness  and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  planta- 
tion of  John  Ulrick  0th  the  Body  of  Catharine  wife  of 
Jacob  Kooner  aged years 

(117)  Oil  Thursday  March  13ili  died  &  the  day  after 
was  interred   in    the  above   plantation  the  Body  of 


2'12  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Johij,  son  of  Johannes  &  Elizabeth  Wolf  aged  15  years 
3  months  and  13  days,  was  sick  11  days 

Register  of  Buryings     Orangeburgh  Township 
1760 

(140)*  On  Saturday  June  211^  died  of  the  small  poxf 
and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  Church  yard  of 
Orangeburgh  the  Body  of  Mary  Magdalene.  Daughter 
of  Jacob  &  Anna  Wannenmaker,  aged  2  years  &  8 
months  ^ 

(141)  On  Thursday  June  26^  died  of  the  small  pox 
and  the  day  after  was  interred  in  the  Church  yard  of 
Orangeburgh  The  body  of  Anna,  daughter  of  the  above 
Wannenmaker  and  Anna  his  wife  aged  3  months  3 
weeks 

(142)  On  Thursday  July  29  died  and  the  day  af- 
ter was  enterred  in  the  church  yard  of  Orangeburgh 

the  Body  of  Regina  Daughter  of  Jacob  and  A 

Wolf  aged  10  months 

(143)  On  Friday  August  l«tdied — — 

was  interred  in  the  Church — 

—  the  Body:t 

A    List   of    Persons   Deceased   and    Buryed    in   the 

Churchyard  of  Orangeburgh 

1760      ' 

No** 

144 

(145)  On  Wednesday  Oct^'  15;^  died  &  the  day  after 
was  interred  on  the  Plantation  of  Ulrick  Brunner  in 
Orangeburgh  Township  the  Body  of  John,  son  of  the 
said  I  hick  Brunner  aijd  Eva  Mini:)  his  wife  nged  2 
months  11  days 

(146)  On   Saturday  Oct«^  KStiL  died  &  the  day  after 

"From  No,  117  to  No.  140  in  recor*!  lost. 

tThat  tliere  was  any  ditti'iciKv  of  opiiiiidi  as  to  vvht'tlier  this  was 
sinall  pox  or  "ag^fijravatrd  fhicki'ii  [mix",  tht'  record  saitli  not. 
tOllu-r  words  torn  off.      ■  "Tlir  cntrv  torn  off. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  213 

was  interred  on  the  plantation  of  Lewis  Roth  in 
Orangeburgb  Township  the  Body  of  Catharina  Eliza- 
beth daughter  of  said  Lewis  Roth  and  Mar}'  Barbara 
his  wife  aged  22  months 

(147)  On  Sunday  OctL*  19!]L  died  the  day  after  was 
interred  on  the  plantation  of  Capt  William  Seawright 
at  Beaver  Creek  the  Body  of  the  said  William  Sea- 
wright aged  between  50  and  60  years 

(148)  Nov  7  died  and  the  day  after  - — 

was  interred  in  the  Cbui'ch  Yard* 

The  subsequent  burial  records  are  missing,  but  there 
could  not  have  been  many  numbers  after  148,  as  Rev. 
John  Giessendanner  died  early  in  17(n. 

The  following  is  the  record  as  to  communions,  kept 
by  Rev.  John  Giessendanner  after  his  return  from 
England: 

The  number  of  all  those  who  have  received  The 
Holly  Communion  on  Easter  and  Monday  in  the 
Church  of  Orangeburgb  according  to  the  Form  and 
use  of  the  Church  of  England.! 

On  Sunday  April  15  the  following 
1  Michael  Christopher  Row 

3  John  Futchman  and  his  wife 

4  Mary  Margareth  Shnyder 

5  Barbara  Jennings 

6  Agnes  Giessendanner 

8  Wenner  Ulmer,  and  his  wife  >     : 

10  John  Frederick  &■  George  Lewis  Ulmer 
12  Nicholas  Durr  cV:  His  wife 
14  George  Giessendanner  Sen^ife  wife 
16  Hans  Fryding  Juni;  &  his  wife 
18  Hans  George  Hessey  and  his  wife 

*Tlu'  i)art  of  tlu'  pajif  coiitaininu  the  lialniici'  (if  this  nconi  is  foiii 
offaiwl  lost. 

tThe  year  of  tliis  ii-conl  is  not  >iivcii,  i«iit  I7.")(l  was  mi<l<)iil>tf<li_v  tlu' 
(late. 


214  THE  HISTORY  OF 

19  Verona  Wurtzer 

20  Miss  Catharina  Diel 

22  Henry  Heym,  and  bis  wife 

23  Magdalene  Hug 

24  Ann  Negely  widow 

25  Magdalene  Imdorff 

27  Hans  and  Joseph  Huber 

28  Hans  Amacker 

29  Elizabeth  Hessy  widow. 

30  Ann  Mary  Fanst  widow 

31  Miss,  Ursula  Giessendanner 
33  Jacob  &  Regina  Kuhnen 

35  Hans  Inabnet  and  his  wife 

37  Caspar  Nagely  George  Sholer 

38  Henry  Ricken backer 

40  Henry  Strauman  and  His  wife 

42  John  Chevillette  and  his  wife 

43  Elizabeth  Roth  ^widow,— 

44  Veronica  Anding 

45  Ann  Barbara  Snell 

46  Mary  Stebely  j£ 

47  Barbara  Giessendanner 
49  Felix  Morff  and  His  wife 

51  Francis  Kuhner,  and  old  Jennings 

52  Jacob  Stauber 

On  Monday  April  16^1^  the  following- 
Hans  Imdorff  and  Mary  Inabnet 

Ann  Barbara  Ernst  and  Ann  Bunipli 

Apollonia  and  Zibilla  Wolf 

Miss  Barbara  Kiyter 

Susanna  Huber 

Hans  Fridig  Sen''  and  his  wife 

Mary  Stehely  Sen 

On  Easter  1753  Had  1(17.  oiw  iiinulred  and  ^eveii 
coninjunicants  all  from  (ieruiany^ — Michael  Larry ^ — 
pi'ovided  the  wine  for  the  Sacrament  for  Easter  1753. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY, 


215 


Note: — George  Giessendanner  provided  the  Sacre- 
ment  Wine  for  Whitsuntide 

Received  on  Whitsunda}^  June  3^  the  following  new- 
Con)  municants  after  proper  instruction  viz 
John  Nicholas  Herter 


John  Barr, 
John  Dentzler, 
Isaac  Hottow, 
Jacob  Foust, 
Henry  Strom  an, 
Conrad  Kryter, 
John  Faust, 
Henrv  Dentzler, 


Ann  Margret  Myer 
Anna.,Catharina  Mell 
Anna  Barbara  Young 
Agnes  Huber 
Christina  Hossleiter 
Elizabeth  Kays 
Eva  Elizl^^  Hertzog 


Mary  Elizabeth  Stroman 
Anna  Barbara  wife  of  Henry  Dentzler 
Margaret  wife  of  Jacob  Hottow 
Mary  Tshudy     (In  all  20) 
On  Easterday  1758  the  following  children  were  con- 
firmed and  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Ch. 


S  Anna  Roller 
9  Mary  Robinson 
10  Barbara  Ulmer 


1  Nicolas  Dill 

2  Ottinaries  Dantzler 

3  Rachel  Rowe 

4  Maria  Inabinet 

5  Veronica  Hirsch 

6  Maria  Magdalena  Shnell 

7  Anna  Weigne 

The  following  is  a  rather  unique  piece  of  latinizing, 
by  the  reverend  old  gentleman:  "174S  Sept.  25.  Bap- 
tizetus  est  born  Sept.  Stii-  H.  H.  &  Marie  Elizabethe 
uxaris  urgis  Suscept:  Jacob  (iiessendanner.  iV:  Jacob 
&  Louisa  Horger."* 

The  following  bit  of  humor  is  also  culled  from  the 
pages  of  the  Giessendanner  l)ook:  'information:  Put 
a  Miller,  a  Weaver  and  a  Taylor  in  a  bag  and  shake 


*Mt*nnt  for  the  record  of  l)a])tis)ii  of  ii  son  of  Hniis  Ihiiry  iind  Mnrv 
ElizjilK'tli  Fflder. 


216  THE  HISTORY  OF 

them  and  the  first  that  Comes  out  will  be  a  thief  or  an 
honest  man." 

The  Rev.  John  Giessendanners  will  is  dated  Mandi 
5th,  1761,  and  was  proved  July  24th,  1761,*  so  that  he 
must  have  died  sometime  betweeu  those  dates. 

*See  page  124,  Judge  of  Probate's  l)0()k,  ("harlestoii  ("ouuty,  for  tliat 
year. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  217 


CHAPTER   III. 

THE  COLONIAL  PERIOD, 

Section  1.     Pioneer  Life  in  Orangehurgh.* 

The  early  settlers  of  that  section  of  South  Carolina 
that  was  erected  into  Orangeburgh  District  in  1768, 
had  many  trials  and  hardships  to  undergo,  such  as  all 
settlers  in  a  new  and  unbroken  country  have  to  con- 
tend with.  The  country  was  infested  with  wild 
beasts,  birds,  and  reptiles  that  were  a  constant  men- 
ace either  to  the  settlers  or  their  agricultural  inter- 
ests; savage  Indians  were  all  about  them,  and  fre- 
quently gave  them  much  trouble;  and,  the  seat  of  all 
government  being  at  Charlestown,  no  officers  of  the 
law  resided  among  them  save  the  Rangers  and  a  few 
justices  of  the  peace,  and  from  the  number  of  adver- 
tisements that  appeared  in  the  Sontli  Carolina  Gazette 
from  time  to  time,  it  would  seem  that  the  chief  duty 
of  the  justices  of  tlie  peace  in  those  early  days  was  the 
advertising  of  stray  animals  picked  up.f     There  were 

*Or,  Roughing  it  on  the  Edisto. 

■\Soiith  Carolina  Gazette,  March  26,  1753:  "A  Stray'd  bay  mare 
near  14  hands  higli,  witii  some  saddle  spots,  branded  on  tiie  mount- 
ing shoulder  3M  in  one,  and  on  the  mounting  buttock  AH,  taken 
up  by  J().s( ph  Wood  below  Oratigehargh.  The  owner  may  have  her 
again,  making  proper  application  to 

''Christian  Mhiiiicl;,  .1.  P." 

In  tiic  Cazctti-  of  April  11,  to  18,  17(i8,  "Lewis  Uolsay"  (Golsan), 
".J.  I*.",  advertises:  ".John  Staley  informs  of  a  yellow  bay  gelding" 
etc.,  and  "Eliziibeth  (xoisin,  of  :i  small  pyde  hefTer"  etc.;  and  on  May 
i»,  17(58,  "Lewis  Golsan,  .1.  I*.",  advertises  a  stray  horse  picked  up  by 
Adam  Whetstone.  Again  in  the  ihtzette  of  .July  4,  17()8,  "Ijcwis  (iol- 
san,  .1.  I*.",  advertises  "ii  stray  horse  picked  up  by  Jolni  Amacker;  two 
bull  stags  picked  up  by  .laeolt  Kooney",  and  "a  stray  borse  picked  up 


218  THE  HISTORY  OF 

no  courts  of  law  in  that  section,  but  criminals  had  to 
be  carried  to  Charlestown  for  trial,  and  the  result 
of  this  was  that  few  criminals  were  brought  to  trial 
for  crimes  committed  in  that  section.  But,  fortunate- 
ly, these  people  were  a  quiet,  industrious  people  and 
crimes  among  them  were  few.  This  lack  of  proper 
criminal  courts  of  trial  led  to  what  is  known  as  "Reg- 
ulation", in  the  upper  country  of  South  Carolina,  in 
the  period  just  prior  to  the  Revolution,  but  there  is  no 
evidence  to  show  that  "Regulation"  played  any  con- 
by  James  Newton". 

In  the  Gazette  of  Monday,  July  11,  1768,  Moses  Thomson,  J.  P.,  ad- 
vertised "a  stray  mare  picked  up  by  Moses  Curtis". 

In  the  Gazette  of  Monday,  August  8,  1768,  several  stray  horses  are 
advertised  by  "William  Thomson,  J.  P.,  Amelia,  July  28,  1768",  as 
"picked  up"  b.y  John  Switman,  Richard  Switman,  Ebenbard  vSteven- 
tir,  and  Major  Lloyd. 

In  the  Gazette  of  Monday,  Sept.  5,  1768,  "Lewis  Gonsan,  J.  P.", 
advertised  strays  "picked  up"  by  Adam  Brickel,  Peter  Imboden, 
John  Starley,  and  Valentine  Cronich.  Golsan  also  advertised  strays 
"l^icked  up"  by  Joseph  Cook  and  Henry  Boshard,  in  the  Gazette  of 
Oct.  10,  1768. 

In  the  Gazette  of  Thursday,  January  26,  1769,  Jacob  Rumph  adver- 
tised two  hogs  that  he  had  taken  up  at  Orangelnirgh,  and  John  Fair- 
child  advertised  a  stray  liorse  that  had  been  "picked  up"  by  Solomon 
Wood  of  the  "Forks  of  the  Edisto". 

In  the  Gazette  of  March  23,  1769,  William  Thomson,  T.  M.,  of 
Amelia,  advertised  stray  horses  "picked  up"  by  Henry  Whetstone 
and  George  Kubler. 

In  the  S.  C.  Gazette  and  Country  Journal  of  June  13,  17()9,  Philip 
Pearson,  J.  P.,  of  Saxe-Gotha,  gives  notice  of  a  number  of  stray  ani- 
mals "picked  up". 

From  the  South  Carolina  and  Ameriean  Getwral  Gazette  for  Fri- 
day, May  12th,  to  Friday,  May  19th  1775,  page  2:  [Charleston  Li- 
terary.] 

"John  Salley,  senr.  informs  nie  of  a  l>rif/ht  txii/  Gelding,  twelve 
hands  high,  five  years  old,  a  star  on  iiis  forehead,  branded  on  the 
mounting  buttock  S  [],  a  trotter;  also  a  hai/  Mar<\  near  twelve  hands 
high,  four  years  old,  branded  on  the  mounting  shouhler  I  '^^  a  trotter; 
also  a  .strawherri/  roan  Metre,  near  thirteen  hands  high,  six  years  old, 
branded  on  the  mounting  shoulder  and  buttock  K.  R.  The  owners 
may  jirove  their  property  within  six  niontlis,  at  Orangeburgh,  l)efore 

"Samuel  Rowe." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  219 

siderable  part  in  Orangeburgh  District;  though  we  do 
find  the  following  notice  in  the  South  Carolina  Gazette 
of  March  16th,  1769: 

"In  Council,  13^'»  March  1769.  It  having  appeared 
to  his  Excellency,  and  the  Board,  that  Benjajiiin 
Farrar,  and  Barnabas  Arthur,  Eqrs.  Justices  of  the 
Peace  for  this  Province,  had  been  instrumental  in  for- 
menting  and  increasing  the  Disorders  that  prevailed 
among  the  People  who  stiled  themselves  REGULA- 
TORS in  the  Back  Country:  His  Excellency,  by  the 
Advice  of  the  Council  was  pleased  to  strike  their 
Names  out  of  the  Commission  of  the  Peace."  Farrar 
and  Arthur  were  both  prominent  citizens  of  Saxe- 
Gotha  Township.  While  the  chief  seat  of  "Regula- 
tion" was  higher  up  in  the  State,  still  there  were  some 
disturbances  in  Saxe-Gotha  and  Amelia  Townships, 
hardly  in  Orangeburgh  Township,  or  the  section  be- 
tween the  North  Edisto  and  Savannah  rivers. 

The  condition  of  the  country  embraced  by  the  pres- 
ent county  of  Barnwell  is  given  by  Tarleton  Brown  in 
his  "Memoirs".  About  the  same  conditions  existed  in 
the  other  parts  of  Orangeburgh  District,  so  some  ex- 
tracts from  the  "Memoirs"  will  be  given  here.  After 
stating  that  he  had  moved  to  South  Carolina  from 
Virginia  with  his  parents  and  settled  on  Brier  Creek, 
opposite  to  Burton's  Ferry,  in  1769,  he  goes  on  thus: 
"Having  cleared  a  piece  of  land,  we  planted,  and 
found  the  soil  to  be  exceedingly  fertile  in  the  river 
swamp,  producing  abundant  crops.  The  country  was 
literally  infested  with  wild  beasts,  which  were  very 
annoying  to  the  inhabitants — killing  the  stock  and  de- 
stroying the  crops — and  were  so  bold,  daring,  a,nd 
ravenous,  that  they  would  come  into  our  yards,  and 
before  our  doors  take  our  sheep  and  poultry.  Indeed, 
it  was  dangerous  to  venture  out  at  night  beyond  the 
l)ieciiicts  of  our  yards  unarmed.     We  used  every  de- 


220 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


vice  to  exterminate  them,  and  ultimately  effected  our 
object  by  setting  traps  and  poisoned  bait. 

"The  forest  abounded  with  all  kinds  of  game,  parr 
ticularly  deer  and  turkeys — the  former  were  almost 
as  gentle  as  cattle.  I  have  seen  fifty  together,  in  a 
day's  ride  in  the  woods.  The  latter  were  innumera- 
ble, and  so  very  fat  that  I  have  often  run  them  down 
on  horseback.  The  range  for  cattle  was  excellent;  it 
was  a  very  common  thing  to  see  two  hundred  in  a 
gang  in  the  large  ponds.  In  any  month  in  the  year 
beeves  in  the  finest  order  for  butchering  might  be  ob- 
tained from  the  forest.  It  was  customary  then  to 
have  large  pens  or  enclosures  for  cattle  under  the 
particular  charge  or  direction  of  some  person  or  per- 
sons; I  was  informed  by  one  of  those  who  kept  a  pen 
at  King  Creek,  that  there  had  been  marked  that 
spring  seven  hundred  calves.  Our  produce  for  mar- 
ket was  beef,  pork,  staves,  and  shingles.  There  was 
but  little  corn  planted  in  that  section  then;  and,  in- 
deed, there  was  scarcely  any  inducement  to  plant 
more  than  sufficed  for  our  own  consumption,  there 
being  but  few  mills  in  the  country,  and  consequently 
very  little  demand  for  the  article. 

"From  the  fact  of  the  new  and  unsettled  state  of  the 
country,  it  may  readily  be  inferred  that  the  roads 
were  very  inferior;  in  truth,  they  were  not  much  bet- 
ter than  common  bridle  paths;  and  I  feel  confident  in 
asserting  that  there  were  not,  in  the  whole  Barnwell 
District,*  any  conveyances  superior  to  carts  of  com- 
mon wood  slides.  There  were  a  great  many  wild 
horses  running  at  large  in  the  forest  when  we  first 
settled  in  the  district,  a  number  of  which  were  caught 
and  sold  by  various  individuals,  who  puisued  exclu- 
sively the  business  for  a  livelihood.*" 

*It  was  not  Barnwell  District  at  that  tinu-,  hnt  a  part  of  Oranjir- 
burjih  District. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  221 

The  writer  tells  us  of  the  cow-pens,  situated  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  district.  One  of  these  pens  was  situ- 
ated upon  the  present  Middlepen  creek,  and  was  the 
middle  pen  of  the  cattle  raisers  for  a  certain  territory, 
and  hence  the  name  of  the  stream.  Another  of  these 
pens  was  owned  by  Capt.  John  Salley,  the  writer's  great 
great  grand-father,  but  the  family  tradition  has  always 
been  that  it  was  his  own  pen,  as  he  had  thousands  of 
acres  of  land  and  many  cattle;  and  Mr.  Brown  speaks 
of  it*  as  "Capt.  Salley's  'Cowpens'" — doubtless  a  col- 
lection of  pens  at  one  spot.  It  is  said  that  the  spot  on 
Dean  Swamp  whereon  this  pen  stood  is  still  so  fertile 
as  to  show  a  marked  difference  between  the  crops 
planted  there  and  those  all  around. 

What  Mr.  Brown  has  said  about  the  wild  beasts  in 
this  section  is  confirmed  by  the  traditions  of  many  old 
people  hereabouts.  One  old  gentleman  of  this  county 
relates  that  his  elders  have  often  told  him  of  the 
troubles  the  early  settlers  had  with  beasts  of  prey. 
The  settlers  had  to  build  their  cow-pens  and  sheep 
folds  and  poultry  houses  very  near  their  dwelling 
houses,  and  had  to  keep  their  firearms  constantly 
loaded  and  primed  in  order  to  protect  their  stock. 
The  same  old  gentleman  tells  of  an  old  wolf  trap  that 
was  built  in  the  Limestone  section  before  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  which  was  still  to  be  seen  ten  or  fifteen 
years  ago,  though  there  are  now  no  traces  of  it  left. 
It  wa!5  built  by  digging  a  large,  grave-shaped  hole  in 
the  gi'ound  about  ten  or  twelve  feet  deep.  Then  the 
walls  of  this  pit  were  secured  by  means  of  a  snug  fit- 
ting pen  of  notched  poles  built  from  the  bottom  of 
the  pit  to  a  level  with  the  surface,  so  as  to  prevent  a 
wolf  from  scratching  his  way  out.  A  board  was  then 
nicely  balanced  lengthwise  over  the  pit,  and  a  piece 

■*"Mt'iii<»ir»",  psifre  12. 


222  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  fresh  meat  suspended  over  one  end  of  the  board,  so 
that  if  a  wolf  walked  out  on  the  board  to  try  to  get 
the  meat  he  was  dumped  into  the  pit,  from  which  he 
was  unable  to  escape,  and  where  he  was  killed  by  the 
hunters  soon  thereafter.  It  was  usually  the  custom 
to  drag  a  piece  of  fresh  meat  about  through  the  woods 
for  several  miles,  and  finally  to  drag  it  to  the  wolf 
trap,  so  that  wolves  might  follow  the  trail  and  be  led 
into  the  snare.  The  same  old  gentleman  remembers 
going  to  the  trap  when  quite  small  and  seeing  some 
of  his  neighbors  kill  a  wolf.* 

Bear  were  also  plentiful  in  this  section  in  the  days 
of  the  pioneer,  and  occasionally  one  is  to  be  met  with 
to-day  in  the  Edisto  river  swamp.  Mr.  Benjamin  Cul- 
ler,}- grand-father  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Culler  of  this  county, 
once  killed  a  large  bear  in  a  hand  to  hand  encounter. 
It  was  near  his  home  in  the  Limestone  section.  He 
was  stooping  over  a  spring  when  suddenly  a  little  dog 
he  had  with  him  sprang,  apparently  much  frightened, 
into  the  spring  beside  him  and  splashed  the  water  all 
over  him.  This  caused  Mr.  Culler  to  straighten  up 
suddenly,  and  just  as  he  did  so  a  large  bear  clasped 
the  little  dog  in  his  embrace.  Quick  as  thought  Mr. 
Culler  grabbed  old  bruin  by  the  long  hair  on  the  back 
of  his  head,  and  drawing  his  hunting  knife,  gave  him 

*He  was  also  present  at  the  killin{>-  of  the  last  wolf  killed  in  this  sec- 
tion, which  was  about  1839  or  1840.  It  was  killed  by  William  Robin- 
son on  the  plantation  of  his  father,  Joseph  Robinson,  on  Limestone. 
He  shot  it  twice  and  broke  both  of  its  fore  lejis,  l)ut  in  spite  of  its  crip- 
pled condition  it  managed  to  turn  back  every  dofj-  tiiat  came  within 
reach  of  it.  A  short  time  before  that  a  lone  wolf  had  made  its  ap- 
pearance on  Great  Branch,  and  "Jack"  McMichael  got  a  i^hot  at  it 
and  wounded  it,  but  did  not  bajr  it.  But  as  it  was  never  seen  iji  that 
section  afterwards,  it  was  supposed  that  it  died  of  its  wounds.  In 
each  or  these  instances  the  wolf  had  played  havoc  with  the  sheep 
about  it  before  being  l)rought  to  earth. 

tOr  Collar,  as  it  was  then  si)elled. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  223 

a  few  swift  stabs  under  the  foreshoulder  and  laid  him 
low.     He  weighed  370  or  380  pounds. 

The  early  settlers  of  Orangeburgh  doubtless  found 
some  buftaloes  roaming  the  forests  about  them,  for 
there  are  old  salt  licks  to  be  seen  in  this  section  to-day 
that  are  still  called  "buffalo  licks."  It  is  doubtful 
though  if  there  were  ever  many  buffaloes  in  this  sec- 
tion of  South  Carolina,  as  the  topography  of  the  coun- 
try was  not  suited  to  them,  and  it  is  more  than  likely 
that  deer,  bear,  wild  horses  and  the  small  animals  did 
most  of  the  licking  at  the  salt  licks  of  this  section,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  the  buff'alo  has  received  the 
credit  of  producing  these  mosquito  farms  of  to-day. 

The  beaver  was  also  to  be  found  in  this  section  in 
the  days  of  our  first  settlers,  and,  although  it  has  been 
long  over  a  century  since  he  passed  out  of  our  terri- 
tory, he  has  left  his  impress*  behind  him.  There  were 
one  or  more  Beaver  creeks  and  Beaver  dams  in  the 
old  District  of  Orangeburgh. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Culler  also  gives  a  description  of  a  very 
unique  dwelling  house  that  was  built  about  1750,  or 
earlier,  by  his  great  grand-father,  Benedict  Roller,  on 
the  lands  that  had  been  granted  him  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  which  lands  are  still  in  possession  of  the 
Culler  family.  The  last  wall  of  this  house  was  torn 
down  by  Mr.  Culler  himself  about  1835,  and  he  remem- 
bers perfectly  well  how  it  was  constructed.  It  was 
about  16  X  20  feet.  The  sides  were  built  by  putting 
up  in  line  eight  fat  lightwood  posts,  with  eight  or 
nine  feet  clear  the  ground,  about  two  feet  apart. 
Each  post  had  a  groove  cut  in  the  sides  facing  the 
neighboring  posts.  These  grooves  ran  the  entire 
length  of  the  posts.  The  spaces  between  the  posts 
were  tilled  in  by  sliding  into  these  grooves  a  wicker 

*Aii<i  jHTliaps  his  imprint. 


224  THE  HISTORY  OF 

work  of  small  twigs  made  somewhat  as  stick  baskets 
are  made.  The  ends  of  the  house  were  built  up  in  the 
same  manner,  save  that  a  space  was  left  for  a  door. 
The  outside  wall  was  then  plastered  over  with  a  plas- 
ter made  of  red  clay  and  the  inside  was  quite  smooth 
and  nice  looking  when  plastered  with  a  plaster  made 
of  native  lime.  The  floor  was  made  by  hewing  small 
logs  flat  on  the  upper  and  under  sides  and  laying 
them  together  as  a  floor  is  laid,  and  then  putting  on  a 
finishing  touch  with  an  adz.  The  roof  was  made  of 
the  same  material  and  then  sodded.  The  door  was 
made  of  the  same  sort  of  boards  joined  together  by 
wrought  nails  which  Roller  himself  had  made  by  hand 
at  his  own  forge.  The  hinges  were  made  of  dogwood, 
and  very  ingeniously  arranged  so  that  the  door  might 
swing  on  them,  very  much  as  our  modern  iron  gates 
revolve  on  an  iron  rod.  Beneath  this  structure  was  a 
cellar,  which  has  only  been  filed  up  in  the  last  decade. 
With  such  a  house  as  that  the  settler  could  defy  the 
elements,  the  wild  beasts  and  the  savage  Indians. 

A  number  of  notes,  extracted  from  the  Statutes  of 
South  Carolina,  the  columns  of  the  old  Gazettes,  and 
other  authorities,  that  beaf  on  matters  and  people  in 
the  section  embraced  within  this  work,  will  be  repro- 
duced here,  as  they  give  some  insight  into  the  condi- 
tion of  affairs  in  this  section  in  colonial  days,  and  fa- 
miliarize us  with  the  names  of  many  of  the  families 
then  living  here: 

The  Statutes  of  South  Carolina*  show  that  on  April 
21,  1753,  the  Provincial  legislature  appointed  commis- 
sioners "To  build  a  Bridge  over  the  pond  in  the  Four 
Holes  Swamp,  commonly  called  Gibbe's  pond,  and  to 
lay  out,  make  and  keep  in  repair,  a  road  from  the  said 
bridge,  as  convenient  as  may  be,  into  the  Orangeburgh 

*V()1.  IV,  page  5. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  225 

old  road,  from  the  head  of  the  path  leading  from  Dor- 
rhe.'^ter  to  Izard's  Cow-pen."*  The  "old  road"  here 
spoken  of  was  opened  in  17371  by  an  act  of  the  Coun- 
cil establishing  "a  road  from  the  head  of  the  path 
that  leads  from  Dorchester  to  Capt.  Izard's  Cow  pens 
to  the  Township  of  Orangeburgh." 

The  follow  described  plantation  was  offered  for  sale 
in  the  South  CaroJhm  Gazette  of  June  18,  1753:  "A 
Plantation  at  Orangeburgh,  containing  250  acres,  es- 
teemed the  best  Land  in  that  Township,  on  which  one 
Lary  now  dwells,  bounding  N.  E.  on  said  Lary's  Land, 
S.  E.  on  Hans  Spring's  and  Henry  Fousts;  and  a 
Town-Lot  in  the  said  Towuiship,  No.  32.":t 

On  May  11,  1754,  an  Act  was  passed  "for  vesting  th© 
Ferry  over  Savanna  river,  at  the  Garrison  of  Fort 
Moore,  in  New  Windsor,  in  John  Stewart  of  New" 
Windsor,  his  executors,  administrators  and  assigns, 
for  the  term  therein  mentioned;  and  for  establishing 
a  Ferry  over  Santee  river,  in  the  township  of  Saxe- 
■  Gotha,  from  the  land  of  Martin  Fridig,  on  the  South 
side,  to  the  opposite  landing  on  the  North  side,  of  the 
said  river,  and  for  vesting  the  same  in  the  said  Martin 
Fridig.  his  executors,  administrators  and  assigns,  for 
the  term  therein  mentioned."** 

*0n  April  7,  1770,  an  Act  was  passed  "for  repealing  an  Aft  entitled 
'An  Act  for  appointing  Conunissioners  to  build  a  Bridge  over  the 
Pond  in  the  Four  Hole  Swamp,  commonly  called  Gibbes'  Pond,  and 
to  lay  out  and  make  and  keep  in  repair  a  road  to  and  from  the  said 
bridge,  as  convenient  as  may  be,  into  the  Orangeburgh  old  road,  from 
the  head  of  the  said  path  leading  from  Dorchester  to  Izard's  Cow- 
pen';  and  for  authorizing  and  empowering  the  Board  of  Commission- 
ers of  the  Roads  for  the  parish  of  8t.  George  Dorchester,  to  lay  out 
and  make  and  keep  in  repair  the  road  mentioned  in  the  said  Act". — 
Stats,  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  322. 

tThe  "Old  Charleston  Road."  jLot  No.  82  on  the  original  plan  of 
Orangeburgh  was  a  lot  near  tiie  river.  **Stats.  of  S.  C.,  Vol.  IV, 
l«ige  lo. 


226  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  South  Carolina  Gazette  of  May  21st,  1754,  con- 
tains a  notice  from  William  and  Thomas  Sabb,  of 
Amelia  Township;  and  the  Gazette  of  May  28th,  1754, 
advertises  1700  acres  of  land  "on  Edisto  opposite 
Orangeburgh  Township," 

On  April  13th,  1756,  the  Legislature  passed  "An  Act 
for  laying  out,  making  and  keeping  in  repair  a  Road 
from  the  bridge  commonly  called  Minnick's  bridge,  to 
the  15  mile  post  on  the  road  leading  from  Orange- 
burgh township  to  (Jharlestown,  and  for  rebuilding 
the  said  bridge  and  keeping  the  same  in  repair."'* 

On  the  schedule  of  provincial  expenses  for  the  year 
1758t  the  following  items  concerned  citizens  of  Orange- 
burgh: 

''To  Henry  Gall  man,  on  several  or- 
ders for  provisions  and  carriage 
of  stores, t  3292  12  09 

"To  John  and  Henry  Gallman,  for 

provisions,  361  13  06 

"To  William  Seawright,  for  carriage 
of  stores,  £30;  and  on  an  order  of 
Philip  Puhl's,  for  provisions,  £180      210  00  00 

"To  Barnard  Snell,  on  Lewis  Cole- 
son's  order,  for  horse  hire,  10  00  00 

"To  Isham  Clayton,  for  driving  cattle,  6  00  00 

"To  John  Cleissendanner,  for  slaves 

executed,  200  00  00 

"To  Jacob  Rumph,"    [constable,  for 

fees  on  trial  of  slaves]  "9  07  06 

"Elizabeth  Mercier,"  [provisions]  "26  05  00" 

On  the  schedule  for  1760**  the  following  items  con- 
cern us: 


*Stats.  of  8.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  30.      ff^tat^.  of  !S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page 
(i8.     jTo  frontier  forts.     **StHts.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  137  et  seq. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  227 

*'To  Henry  Gallman,  on  an  order  of 
John  Conrade  Geiger,  for  the  car- 
riage of  stores  to  the  Congrees,  27  00  00 

"To  Henry  Galluian,  for  the  carriage 

of  stores  to  Fort  Prince  George,  670  00  00 

Christopher  Rowe,  Henry  Gallman,  Conrade  Hol- 
man  and  Gavin  Pou  were  all  paid  for  carrying  pres- 
ents to  the  Indians,  while  John  Fairchild  received 
compensation  for  entertaining  Indians. 

On  the  schedule  of  expenses  from  January  1st,  1762, 
to  December  3lst,  1763,^  the  following  items  are  of  in- 
terest: 

"Moses  Thomson",  [  for  holding  an  in- 
quest] "15  00  00 

"Henry  Gallman",  [for  entertainment 

of  Indians]  "59  05  03 

"Conrad  Hall  man.  ditto,  19  03  04 

"To  Elias  Ho  user,  Cherokee  keeper,  57  00  00 

"William  Thompson,"  [for  conveying 

prisoners  to  jail]  "10  00  10" 

On  the  schedule  for  1764}-  we  find: 

"To  Godfrey  Dreyer,  for  sundries  sup- 
plied Fort  William  Henry  and 
other  Forts,  '  295  04  10 

"Peter  Bull,  or  Phul,  for  flour,  for  the 

Orangeburg  militia,  M  00  00 

"Christian  Minnick,  for  a  steer,  10  00  00 

"Jacob  Wolf,  for  two  hogs,  H  00  00 

"Henry  Richenbacer,  for  carrying  on 

a  hue  and  cry,^  4  07  06" 

From  the  schedule  for  1766**  we  cull: 

"William  Thomson,"  [for  repairs  to 

Fort  Prince  George]  "16  10  00 

*Stats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  198  et  seq.  fStats.  of  S.  ('.,  Vol.  IV, 
page  228  et  seq.  JDoubtless  as  a  warning  of  the  approach  of  hostile 
Indians.     **Stats.  of  fS.  C,  Vol.  IV,  i)age  248  et  se(i. 


228  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"John  Fairchild,  for  surveying  20,000 

acres  of  land  for  the  Cliickesaw 

Indians,  1S4    03    04 

"To  Christopher  Rowe,  for  provisions 

for  a  scout,  £21     17    06 

"Henry  Gussendenner,  for  constable's 

fees,  25    00    00" 

On  April  12th,  1768,  the  Legislature  passed  "An  Act 
for  establishing  and  making  public  a  road  to  lead 
from  Orangebnrgh  to  Saludy.  and  from  thence  to 
Bush  and  Rayburn's  Creeks,  and  for  appointing  Com- 
missioners for  the  same;  and  also  for  establishing  and 
making  public  a  Ferry  over  Saludy  river,  and  vesting 
the  same  in  Samuel  Kelly  and  John  Millhouse,  their 
Executors,  Administrators  and  Assignees,  for  the 
term  therein  mentioned".* 

From  the  (jazeiie  of  May  9,  176S,  we  extract:  "The 
Grand  Jurors  of  the  body  of  the  province  of  South 
Carolina  presents"  *  *  *  *  "^^^  .^  grievance 
that  Thomas  Bond,  a  J.  P.  of  Amelia  Township,  is  a 
person  unworthy  of  that  dignity;  on  information  of 
Moses  Kirkland.  When  these  presentments  were  ta- 
ken into  consideration  process  was  issued  requiring 
Bond  to  come  in,  plead  to,  and  answer  the  present- 
ment." The  same  paper,  mentioning  the  prisoners  at 
the  Charles-Town  Court,  remarks:  "Thomas  Owen, 
Jun.  convicted  of  willfully  burning  the  house  of  An- 
thony Distoe,  pleaded  his  Majesty's  pardon."  Distoe. 
or  Duesto,  was  of  Orangeburgh  District.f 

The  Gazette  of  Monday,  Jnly  11th,  1768,  contains 
this  notice: 

"I  do  hereby  forwarn  all  persons  not  to  credit  my 

*St.ats.  of  S.  C.  Vol.  IV,  jKi^e  ;W2.     S.   <'.    (r'fizcffr,  A\w\\   11,  to  IH, 
17()S.     tSee  O'Neall's  Bench  and  Bar,  Vol.  11,  pixgi^  343. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  229 

Wife,*  or  any  other  person,  on  1113'  account,  without  a 
written  order  from  under  my  hand. 

'•Christopher  Wise. 
"St.  Matthew's  Parish,  July  2d,  1768." 

The  Gazette  oi  July  ISth,  1768.  contains  the  follow- 
ing advertisement:     ''A  Plantation  or  Tract  of  Land, 
containing  187  acres,  situate   in  Amelia  Township" 
*      *       *      "late  the  property  of  Robert  Stewart, 
and  sold  under  execution  by 

''ROGER   PINCKNEY,  Provost-Marshal." 

On  April  7th.  1770,  an  Act  was  passed  by  the  Legis- 
lature,! for  establishing  a  road  "from  Orangeburgh 
Bridge  to  Indian  Head.:|: 

On  the  same  day  an  Act  was  passed  "for  stamping 
and  issuing  the  sum  of  Seventy  Thousand  Pounds,  for 
defraying  the  ex  pence  of  building  the  several  Court 
Houses  and  Goals  appointed  to  be  built  in  the  several 
Districts  in  this  Province",  under  the  Act  of  1768,  cre- 
ating the  seven  Districts,  or  Precincts.  The  late  Judge 
T.  W.  Glover  stated,  in  some  notes  prepared  by  him, 
that  the  Orangeburgh  District  jail  was  built  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Orangeburgh  in  1772;  and  Dr.  Joseph  Johnson, 
in  his  "Traditions  of  the  Revolution",  says  that  Col. 
William  Thomson  was  the  first  Sheriff  of  the  District, 
and  that  he  assumed  the  duties  of  the  office  in  June 
1772. 

The  following  notice  is  taken  from  the  South  Caro- 
lina Gazette  of  January  23rd,  1775: 
"South  Carolina. 
"November  Assizes,  1774. 
''Wherean   at   a   Court   of  General   Sessions  of  the 


*N<)t  very  couiplinieiitar.v  to  liis  witV'.     t^^tJit*^-  <»f'  J^-  <•-  Vol.   T\', 
pnjje  81K.     jThe  Ninety-Six  R<>a<l. 


230  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Peace,  Oyer  and  Terminer,  Assize,  and  General  Goal- 
Delivery,  begun  and  holden  at  Orangeburgh,  for  the 
District  of  Orangeburgh,  on  Saturday  the  S^ii  Day  of 
November,  1774, 

Charles  Heatley, 

George  Hales, 

James  Baldrick 

Thomas  Newman,  and 

Daniel  Kelly, 
Being  duly  summoned,  and  returned,  to  serve  as 
Grand  Jurors;  and  John.  Newman,  Melchior  Smith, 
Gersham  Kelly,  Peter  Corbin,  Sadrick  Parler,  George 
Robinson,  and  Richard  Barklow,  As  Petit  Jurors, 
made  Default,  and  were  noted  for  Non  Appearance: 
This  is  to  give  notice. 

That  the  former  will  be  fined  in  the  Sum  of  Ten 
Pounds  and  the  latter  in  the  Sum  of  Five  Pounds 
Proclamation-Money  of  America,  each,  unless  they 
shall  make  good  and  sufficient  Excuses,  upon  Oath,  for 
ther  Non  Appearance,  by  the  third  Tuesday  in  May 
next. 

^'James  Caldwell,*  D.  C.  C.  &  P." 

The  following  similar  notice  also  appeared  in  the 
Gazette  during  February  1775: 

''South  Carolina, 

"Orangeburgh  District. 

"Whereas  at  a  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  begun  and 
holden  at  Orangeburgh,  on  Tuesday  the  8*^  Day  of 
November  1774,  William  Tucker,  W^i  Heatley,  Sen., 
George  Hales,  Henry  Young,  and  George  Freeman. 
Sen.,  Being  duly  summoned  and  returned  to  serve  as 
Jurors  at  the  said  Court,  made  Default,  and  were  no- 
ted for  Non-Appearance. 

*Janie8  Caldwell  was,  it  seems,  at  that  time  acting  as  District  ("leil< 
for  both  Orangeburgh  and  Ninety-Six  Districts. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  ^1 

"This  is  to  give  notice. 
''That  they  will  be  fined  in  the  Sum  of  Five  Pounds, 
Proclamation-money  of  America  each,  unless  they 
shall  make  good  and  sufficient  Excuses  upon  Oath,  for 
their  Non-Appearance.  and  transmit  the  same  to  the 
Pleas-Office,  in  Charles  Town,  on  or  before  the  First 
Tuesday  in  April  next. 

"Peter  Bonnetheau*  C.  C.  &  P." 

From  the  Gazette  of  April  Srd,  1775,  the  following 
notice  is  taken : 
"South  Carolina. 
*'In  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

"February  Term 
"Their  Honours  the  Judges,  Chose  their  Circuits,  which 
are  as  follows;  viz.     April  Assizes,  Southern  Circuit: 
T     ,  •         (  Honorable  the  Chief  Justice 
Justices    ^         Mr.  Justice  Cossett. 

Orangeburgh   District,    at    Orangeburgh,   Wednesday 
April  5th.     Clerk  ■  Peter  Bonnetheau. 

Section  2.     Indian  Troubles. 

In  the  Soidh  Carolina  Gazette  oi  April  14th,  1748,  Gov- 
ernor Glen  published  a  proclamation  announcing  that 
"George  Haig,  Justice  of  the  Peace,"  had  been  carried 
offf  by  "French  Indians  from  the  Congarees  or  new 
township  of  Saxa-Gotha";:}:  and  in  consequence  there- 

*Peter  B(Hiiietheau  was  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Coniinon  Pleas  at 
Charlestown  and  civil  processes  for  all  the  districts  were  returned  at 
Charlestown. 

fThey  captured  Haig  and  his  servant,  but  the  servant  escaped. 

Jin  the  South  Carolina  Gazette  of  January  8,  1754,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Mercier  advertised  as  "Executor  of  George  Haig",  and  stated  that  she 
was  "late"  his  wife.  In  the  Gazette  of  July  2,  1758,  Patrick  Brown 
and  Thomas  Corker,  "who  survived  George  Haig",  advertised  for 
James  Cirill. 


232  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  he  recommended  that  Co'uncil  pi'ovide  for  two  small 
troops  of  horse  and  for  l)uilding  a  fort  "at  the  Con- 
garees."  From  this  it  would  seem  that  the  fort  es- 
tablished at  the  Congarees  in  171S  had  long  since  been 
abandoned.  It  is  quite  likely  that  after  the  fears  of 
Yemassee  incursions  had  blown  over  that  the  fort  was 
abandoned,  and  that  Captain  Russell  and  his  men 
were  employed  as  rangers,  for  in  the  "Contingency'" 
account  for  1734*  the  following  item  appears:  "To 
the  Rangers  under  Captain  Russell,  four  hundred  and 
five  pounds  seventeen  shillings.  405  17  00;'  Captain 
Russell  di<ed  in  1737,  and  by  his  death  his  rangers  were 
probably  broken  up.  At  any  rate  it  appears  that  a. 
fort  called  St.  John's  was  built  near  the  site  of  the 
old  fort  at  the  Congarees,  and  that  troops  were  organ- 
ized in  this  sectl'O^n  in  accordance  with  Governor 
Glen'^  suggestion,  ahd  that  in  the  rourse  of  ten  years 
there  were  several  regiments  instead  of  two  troops. 
Col.  Moses  Thomson  was,  about  1750,  commander  of 
the  "Township  battalion'',  that  is,  the  provincial  forces 
of  the  region  southwest  of  the  Santee,  and  outside  of 
the  old  parishes.  William  Thomson  was  a  captain  of 
Rangers,!  175 1759.  For  his  services  in  the  Chero- 
kee war,  1759,  he  was  promoted  major,  and  the  Assem- 
bly, in  the  Act  of  July  31st,  1760,  voted  him  £275.  He 
is  spoken  of  by  HewatJ  as  "Major  Thomson,"**  and  the 
South  Carolina  Gazette  of  September  27th,  1760,  says: 
"Our  7  companies  of  Rangers  are  to  be  completed  to  full 
numbers  and  W"'-  Thomson,  Esq.,  being  appointed  Ma- 
jor Commandant  of  the  whole,  they  will  soon  be  equal 
to  a  Regiment  of  Light  Horse."  He  afterwards  com- 
manded the  "Township  battalion",  and  was  made  col- 

*Statutes  ofS.  C,  Vol.  Ill,  page  391.     fFroutier  mounted  police. 
tCarroll's  Hi.stori«-al  Collections  of  South  Carolina,  Vol.  T,  page  4(i.5. 
**Also  Statutes  of  S.  ('.,  Vol.    IV,  page  VIl. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


on  el  in  1765.*  Tacitus  Gaillard  was  also  a  colonel,!  but 
his  commission  was  revoked  by  the  Governor  in  1769. 
Peter  Mercier,  whose  will  was  made  in  1754,  and 
proved  in  1755.  declares  himself  therein:|:  to  have  been 
'"Lieutenant  in  one  of  the  three  Independent  compa- 
nies." John  Chevillette,  the  same  who  had  been  an 
officer  under  Prince  Frederick  of  Prussia,  commanded 
a  battalion  of  provincial  malitia,**  and  Wm.  Gilmore 
Simms  says,  in  *'The  Forayers,"  p.  264,  that  Christo- 
pher Rowe  was  commissioned  captain, ff  in  1755,  in 
■'Colonel  John  Chevillette's  regiment  of  foot",  and 
that  his  commission  was  then  (1855)  extant.:|::|:  Captain 
Christian  Minnick  is  mentioned  in  the  South  Carolina 
Gazette  of  March  23rd,  1752;  John  Lloyd  is  called  Cap- 
tain by  Giessendanner  and  Major  in  the  Gazette  of 
August  Sth,  1768,  and  James  Tilly,  Jacob  Giessendan- 
ner and  Christopher  Rowe  are  all  spoken  of  as  captains 
by  Giessendanner. 

■  These  malitia  ofRcers  and  rangers  were  kept  quite 
busy  from  about  the  time  of  the  carrying  off  of  Haig, 
until  the  close  of  the  Cherokee  war  in  1761,  for,  says 
Logan, §  "from  1749,  to  the  close  of  Col.  Grant's  cam- 
paign, in  1761,  embracing  a  period  of  more  than  ten 
years,  there  was  not  a  settlement  in  this  portion  of 
the  province  that  was  not  exposed  to  the  inroads  of 
hostile  savages,  and  at  their  hands  became  the  not 
unfrequent  scene  of  bloody  tragedies  and  domestic 
ruin." 

About  1750,  Herman  Gieger,  who  has  already  been 
mentioned  as  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Saxe-Gotha 


*S.'  C.  Oazette  and  Country  Journal,  July  12,  1774;  -S'.  C.  Gazette, 
Jan.  28,  1775;  S.  C.  O.  cfe  C.  J.,  Jan.  17,  1775;  Moultrie's  Momoirs, 
Vol.  I,  page  17.  "[S.  C.  Gazette  Feb.  23,  1769.  jSee  book  for  that 
year,  page  290,  office  of  Probate  Judge,  Charleston.  **Stats.  of  S. 
C.,  Vol.  IV,  pages  118  and  127.  ft^ee  also  Statutes  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV, 
page  299.  Ulu  Sininis's  possession.  ^History  of  the  Upper  Country 
of  South  Carolina. 


234  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Township,  was  living  at  the  Congarees  and  carrying 
on  trade  with  the  Indians. 

*'0n  one  occasion."  saj's  Logan,  p.  302.  ''he  had  been 
emplo3'ed,  it  seems,  b}'  tlie  provincial  authorities  in 
Charleston,  to  go.  in  company  with  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Indian  Trade,  to  the  Cheiokee  Xation.  in 
search  of  the  precious  metals,  which  were  supposed  to 
exist  in  inexhaustible  abundance  in  that  mountainous 
region.  Having  set  out,  and  reached  in  safety  one  of 
the  middle  towns,  they  there  discovered  several  of 
their  friendlj^  settlement  Indians  in  the  hands  of  a  par- 
ty of  hostile  Canadian  savages,  who  had  captured 
them  near  Charleston,  and  were  carrying  them  pris- 
oners to  their  towns  in  the  north." 

Gieger's  pity  was  aroused,  and.  at  the  head  of  a 
body  of  traders,  he  succeeded  in  rescuing  the  friendly 
Indians,  but  this  act  of  kindness  afterwards  cost  him 
his  life. 

The  following  summer,  having  set  out  for  the  Ca- 
tawba Nation,  in  company  with  a  half-breed,  they 
were  intercepted  and  captured  by  several  of  the  very 
part}"  of  Canada  Indians  from  whom  Geiger  had  res- 
cued the  friendly  Indians  a  year  before,  by  whom  he 
was  carried  toward  the  Great  Lakes,  and  finally  mur- 
dered.* 

On  the  7th  day  of  May,  1751,  Mrs.  Maiy  Gould,  or 
Cloud,  appeared  at  the  house  of  Martin  Friday,  at  the 
Congarees.  severely  wounded,  and  i-eported  to  Capt. 
Daniel  Sellider.  of  the  Saxe-Gotha  company,  that  on 
Saturday,  the  fourth,  two  Savannah  Indians  had  come 
to  her  house,  situated  about  half  way  between  the 
Congarees  and  Savannah  Town.  and.  after  partaking 
of  her  husband's  hospitality,  had  suddenly  arisen  in 

*In  the  iS'o?/^/?  Carolina  Gazette  of  3 une  18th,  1753,  John  and  Henry 
Gallnian  advertised  for  the  crtditors  of  "Herman  Geijrer,  of  Saxe- 
Gotha,  deceased". 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  235 

the  dead  of  night  and  murdered  her  husband,  and  her 
two  children,  and  a  young  white  man  who  was  living 
with  them,  and  had  dangerously  wounded  her  and 
left  her  for  dead.  It  is  also  recorded  that  Mrs.  Gould 
died  of  her  wounds  soon  after. 

About  the  same  time  Stephen  Crell,  of  Saxe-Gotha, 
infornjed  Governor  Glen  that  a  gang  of  Indians  had 
been  killing  "horses,  mares,  and  cattle"  at  the  Con- 
garees,  and  in  the  more  northern  settlements,  after 
which  they  went  to  the  house  of  John  Gieger,  and 
carried  off  his  negro  boy.  Two  women,  who  were  the 
only  members  of  the  family  at  home  at  the  time, 
tried  to  save  the  boy,  but  were  threatened  with  death 
by  the  savages. 

In  1754  the  Cherokees  of  the  up-country  committed 
several  murders,  and  sacked  several  stores;  whereupon 
the  frontier  settlers  hastily  assembled,  and  fortified 
themselves  at  Ninety-Six,  the  Congarees  and  other 
convenient  points.  But  it  was  not  until  1759  that 
the  Cherokees  made  any  serious  outbreak. 

Shortly  after  the  breaking  out  of  Cherokee  hostili- 
ties in  1759,  Dr.  Hewat  says:*  "The  Governor!  set  out 
for  Congarees,  the  place  of  general  rendezvous  for  the 
militia,  and  about  one  hundred  and  forty  miles  dis- 
tant from  Charlestown,  where  he  mustered  in  all 
about  one  thousand  four  hundred  men."  From  the 
Congarees  Governor  Lyttleton  marched  his  little  army 
against  the  Cherokees  in  the  Northwestern  part  of 
the  province,  but  before  shedding  much  blood  he  suc- 
ceeded in  arranging  terms  of  peace  with  them. 

The  rejoicings  on  account  of  the  peace  were  scarce- 
ly over  when  the  news  arrived  of  a  fresh  outbreak  of 
hostilities.     General  Amherst,  the  British  Command- 


*History  of  i^outh  Carolina,  pages  445  and  440  of  Carroll's  Collec- 
tions, Vol.  I.     fLyttleton. 


236  THE  HISTORY  OF 

er-in-Chief  in  America,  was  then  appealed  to,  and  he 
sent  a  battalion  of  Highlanders,  and  four  companies 
of  the  Royal  Scots,  under  command  of  Colonel  Mont- 
gomery, afterwards  Earl  of  Eglinton,  to  South  Caroli- 
na, where  he  landed  in  April,  1760;  but  as  the  con- 
quest of  Canada  was  the  grand  object  of  the  year's 
campaign  in  America,  he  had  orders  to  strike  a  sud- 
den blow  for  the  relief  of  Carolina,  and  return  to 
head-quarters  at  Albany  without  loss  of  time.  Hewat 
says,  p.  455:  "Several  gentlemen  of  fortune,  excited 
by  a  laudable  zeal  for  the  safety  of  their  country, 
formed  themselves  into  a  company  of  volunteers,  and 
joined  the  army.  The  whole  force  of  the  pi'ovince 
was  collected,  and  ordered  to  rendezvous  at  Congarees". 

"A  few  weeks  after  his  arrival  Colonel  Montgomery 
marched  to  the  Congarees,  where  he  was  joined  by 
the  internal  strength  of  the  province,  and  immediate- 
ly set  out  for  the  Cherokee  country.*'  In  this  expedi- 
tion the  Indians  were  defeated,  but  not  quelled,  and 
so  soon  as  Colonel  Montgomery  retired  from  their 
country  they  immediately  resumed  hostilities.  They 
captured  and  killed  most  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Lou- 
don, and  had  designs  on  Fort  Prince  George.  'Tn  con- 
sequence of  which",  says  Hewat,  p.  465,  "orders  were 
given  to  Major  Thompson,  who  commanded  the  mili- 
tia on  the  frontier,  to  throw  in  provisions  for  ten 
weeks  into  that  fort,  and  warn  the  commanding  offi- 
cer of  his  danger.'" 

The  British  authorities  next  sent  Col.  Grant  to  the 
aid  of  South  Carolina,  and  he,  with  the  assistance  of 
the  provincial  malitia  under  Colonel  Arthur  Middle- 
ton,  succeeded  in  tinally  defeating  and  overthrowing 
the  Indians;  but  the  chief  glory  in  this  last  expedi- 
tion belonged  to  the  provincial  malitia.  and  it  is  great- 
ly to  be  regretted  that  the  names  of  the  militia  men 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  237 

from  the  townships  of  Amelia,  Saxe-Gotha  and 
Orangeburgh  cannot  be  here  given.  Some  of  them 
are  known,  but  the  majority  are  not. 

The  people  of  Orangeburgh  Township  liad,  at  least, 
some  of  the  scare  of  the  Indian  warfare  of  this  period, 
for  from  the  Giessendanner  record  we  learn  that  sev- 
eral forts*  existed  in  the  Township,  and  from  the 
w^ording  of  the  record  we  are  led  to  believe  that  the 
inhabitants  assembled  in  these  forts  with  their  families 
in  times  of  Indian  troubles. 

On  the  Schedule!  of  the  expenses  of  the  Indian  war- 
fare the  following  items  concern  us:  William  Thom- 
son, a  cart;  Conrad  Holman.  corn  and  straw;  ''To  the 
following  persons,  for  Colonel  John  Chevillette's  bat- 
talion"', &c;  Michael  Snyder,  flour;  Elizabeth  Mercier, 
English  peas,  and  corn;  Michael  Lightner,  hire  of  a 
mare;  Rev.  Mr.  John  Giessendanner,  for  hire  of  a 
horse  7  days;  Christopher  Minnick,  for  cattle;  Henry 
"•Rinchenbackor,"  flour,  peas  and  hogs;  "Nicholas 
Shooler",  for  a  steer;  Godfrey  Dreyer,  flour;  "Conrad 
Holman,  for  entertaining  the  Governor  and  several 
others,  ...  55  00  00;"  Michael  Christopher  Rowe, 
30  13  00;  Moses  Thomson,  for  a  steer;  Jacob 
Runjph,  cart  hire;  Christopher  Rowe,  for  cattle;  Jacob 
Fridig;  David  Fridig;  and  Henry  Whetstone,  wagon 
hire;  "To  pay  the  battalion  of  Colonel  John  Chevil- 
lette,  (as  the  muster  roll  of  the  said  battalion  was  set- 
tled by  a  committee  of  the  Assembly,)  13,109  12  08"; 
"To  Major  William  Thompson,  a  gratuity  for  his  ser- 
vices, 275  00  00".  Other  Orangeburgh  names  are 
on  the  statement,  as  having  furnished  provisions, 
hired  wagons,  pastured  cattle  and  rendered  various 
other  services  for  which  they  received  pay  from  the 
public  treasurer. 

*  "Block  houses",  no  <loul)t.    t^tats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  July  31,  1760. 


238  THE  HISTORY  OF 


Section  3.     Heresy  in  the  ''Dnfc/i  Fork". 

In  the  section  devoted  to  the  settling  of  Saxe-Gotha 
Township  some  mention  has  been  made  of  the  Weber, 
or  Weaver,  "heresy."  The  following  interesting  ac- 
count of  that  trouble,  wlych  culminated  in  1760,  is  ta- 
ken from  Dr.  Bernheim's  history,  p.  195  et  seq.: 

"In  Saxe-Gotha  Township,  Lexington  County,  South 
Carolina,  and  'in  the  neighborhood  of  what  is  now 
called  Younginers  Ferry',  there  originated  a  sect 
among  the  Swiss  and  German  settlers,  who  were 
called  Weberites.  Their  heresy  was  of  so  revolting  a 
nature,  that  it  would  be  desirable  to  pass  it  by  in 
silence,  if  it  could  be  done  without  doing  injustice  to 
a  faithful  and  correct  narration  of  historical  facts. 

"Rev.  Dr.  Hazelius  give  us  a  brief  sketch  of  the  do- 
ings of  these  Weberites  in  his  American  Lutheran 
Church,  p.  103;  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Muhlenberg  has  also 
furnished  us  a  more  extended  account  of  them  in  his 
journal,  translated  and  published  in  vol.  i  of  the 
Evangelical  Review,  dating  their  transactions  as  hav- 
ing occurred  in  the  year  1760;  nevertheless,  the  origin 
of  this  sect  must  have  taken  place  some  time  before, 
as  that  is  the  date  of  the  culmination  of  their  heresj^ 
into  the  crime,  which  brought  their  leader  to  suffer 
the  just  penalty  of  the  law. 

"Dr.  Muhlenberg's  account  is  as  follows:  'Mr.  Stro- 
bel,  the  son-in-law  of  Rev.  Mr.  Martin,  a  wealthy  tan- 
ner, sent  for  me  in  a  chaise,  to  convey  me  out  of  town 
to  dine  with  him.  He  told  me,  among  other  things,  a 
remarkable  history  of  an  abominable  sect,  which  had 
arisen  among  the  Germans  in  South  Carolina,  A.  D. 
1760-1,  and  had  some  similarity  with  Knipperdolling 
and  Jan  Van  Leiden.  They  committed  murders,  on 
wdiich  account  one  of  them,  named  Jacob  Weber,  who 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  239 

called  himself  a  god,  and  slew  a  person,  was  hanged. 
Their  founder  is  said  to  have  been  Peter  Schmidt. 
The  sect  originated  at  Saluda  Fork,  about  one  hun- 
dred miles  from  Charleston  (125  or  130  miles). 

'•  'Jacob  Weber  was  a  Swiss.  He  first  became  an 
exhorter,  then  he  advanced  himself  still  farther,  but 
before  his  end  he  came  to  his  senses,  and  saw  his  error. 

'"The  people  in  the  country,  in  general,  grew  up 
without  schools  and  instruction.  Occasionally  a  self- 
taught  (auto-didacter)  minister  may  labor  for  awhile 
amongst  them,  yet  it  continues  only  a  short  time. 
The  people  are  wild,  and  continue  to  grow  wilder,  for 
what  does  it  profit  them  to  hear  a  sermon  every  four, 
six,  or  twelve  weeks,  if  in  early  youth  the  foundation 
of  Divine  Truth  had  not  been  laid?  The  aforesaid 
sect  had  so  far  obtained  the  supremacy  that  several 
families  united  wdth  it  for  fear  of  their  lives;  numbers 
of  both  sexes  went  about  uncovered  and  naked,  and 
practiced  the  most  abominable  wantonness.  One  of 
them  pretended  to  be  God  the  Father,  another  the 
Son,  and  a  third  the  Holy  Spirit;  and  the  pretended 
Father,  having  quarrelled  with  the  Son,  repudiated 
the  pretended  Son,  chained  him  in  the  forest,  declared 
him  to  be  Satan,  and  finally  gathered  his  gang,  who 
beat  and  trampled  on  the  poor  man  until  he  died;  he 
is  reported  also  to  have  killed  the  pretended  Holy 
Ghost  in  bed.  A  report  of  these  circumstances  having 
reached  the  authorities  in  Charleston,  the  malitia 
were  ordered  to  arrest  the  pretended  deity,  when  he 
was  tried,  condemned,  and  executed  upon  the  gallows. 

"'The  English  inhabitants  scoffed  about  it,  and  said 
the  Germans  had  nothing  to  fear,  their  Devil  having 
been  killed,  and  their  God  having  been  hanged.  Such 
are  the  fruits  of  not  inculcating  the  doctrine  of  Divine 
Truth  early  in  youth,  and  of  leaving  man  to  himself. 
Rom.  1:  21-32.     This  sect  spread  from  South  to  North 


240  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Carolina,  thence  to  Maryland  and  Virginia,  among  the 
German  and  English  population,  and  has  likewise  left 
some  seed  of  this  heres}^  in  Charleston.  Upon  this 
gross  Satanic  tragedy  a  more  subtle  temptation  fol- 
lowed. Quakers,  Anabaptists,  &c.,  spread  themselves 
in  the  country  regions  around,  and  appear  to  be  better 
suited  to  the  circumstances  of  the  land  at  this  time. 

"  'October  9th.  To-day  I  received  the  original  copy 
of  a  letter  dictated  by  Jacob  Weber  in  prison  before 
his  death,  for  the  benefit  of  his  children,  which  reads 
as  follows: 

"'"JffC'o/>   Weher's  Confession. 

"'"April  16th,  1761,  being  imprisoned  and  ironed,  it 
occurred  to  me  and  the  jailor  to  transmit  to  my  be- 
loved children  a  sketch  of  my  mournful  life.  I,  Jacob 
Weber,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  in  Canton  Zurich,  in 
the  county  of  Knomauer,  in  the  parish  of  Stiffer- 
schweil,  and  was  raised  and  educated  in  the  Reformed 
Church.  In  the  fourteenth  year  of  my  age  I  journeyed 
with  my  brother  to  South  Carolina,  leaving  my  pa- 
rents; and  soon  after  my  arrival  I  lost  my  brother  by 
death.  Thus  I  was  forsaken  of  man,  and  without 
father  or  mother.  But  God  had  compassion  on  me 
amid  much  trouble  and  sorrow.  He  planted  the  fear 
of  the  Lord  in  my  heart,  so  that  I  had  more  pleasure 
in  the  Lord,  in  godliness,  and  the  Word  of  God,  than 
in  the  world.  I  was  often  troubled  about  ray  salva- 
tion when  I  reflected  how  strict  an  account  God  would 
require,  that  I  must  enter  into  judgment,  and  know 
not  how  it  would  result.  Although  God  drew  me 
with  his  grace,  1  found  also  the  reverse  in  my  corrupt 
nature,  which  was  excited  with  the  love  of  the  world. 
viz.,  of  riches,  honors,  and  an  easy  life. 

"'"Mankind  love  a  social  life,  and  as  the  Lord  drew 
me  back  in  many  wonderful  ways,  I  came,  therefore. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  241 

nearer  to  him;  notwithstanding  I  always  attended  to 
my  religious  services  and  prayer,  but  with  a  heart  cold 
and  averted  from  God.  Through  such  exercises  of 
the  heart  T  arrived  at  a  knowledge  of  my  sins,  and 
learned  how  awfully  the  human  race  had  fallen  from 
God,  and  how  low  all  maiikiiid.  without  exception,  are 
sunken  in  depravity.  As  soon  as  T  experienced  this,  I 
earnestly  besought  God  day  and  night  for  forgiveness, 
for  the  Holy  Spirit,  for  a  pure  heart,  and  for  saving 
faith,  and  I  felt  the  necessity  of  retirement  to  restrain 
my  thoughts,  and  to  prevent  the  Divine  work  from 
being  hindered  in  me.  In  this  retirement  I  forgot  the 
turmoil  of  the  world.  In  this  light  I  regarded  all  vain 
desires  and  thoughts  and  all  human  works  as  by  na- 
ture damnable  in  the  sight  of  God.  Fear  and  sorrow 
now  seized  upon  ray  poor  soul,  and  I  thought,  what 
shall  I  do  to  be  saved?  It  was  shown  me  that  noth- 
ing would  suffice  but  being  born  again  of  water  and  of 
the  Spirit.  Realizing  that  I  could  not  be  saved  in  any 
other  way,  I  prayed  still  more  earnestly,  and  it  was 
shown  me  still  more  plainly  by  the  Holy  Ghost  in  my 
heart  how  sinful  I  was  (Rom.  7),  so  that  I  stood  there 
before  the  judgment  of  God;  but  the  judgment  of  God 
became  manifest  in  me,  so  that  I  judged  myself,  and 
confessed  that  I  deserved  a  thousand-fold  to  be  cast 
from  the  presence  of  God.  and  wondered  that  the  for- 
bearance of  the  Lord  had  not  long  since  hurled  me, 
poor  and  condemned  wretch,  into  the  lowest  pit  of 
destruction;  and  then  too,  I  saw  the  whole  world  lay 
in  sin.  Feeling  myself  so  lost,  I  cast  myself  entirely 
upon  the  mercy  of  God  to  lead  me  according  to  his 
holy  will  and  pleasure,  whether  unto  life  or  death,  if 
he  would  only  be  gracious  unto  my  poor  soul  for 
Christ's  sake,  and  pardon  my  sin.  and  purify  my  heart 
from  all  uncleanness.  Thus  I  lay  at  the  feet  of  Jesus 
with  all  my  heart  in  submission,  sighing  and  praying 


242  THE  HISTORY  OF 

night  aud  day  for  his  grace,  and  so  continued  for  sev- 
eral days,  until  I  had  passed  from  death  unto  life. 
Then  Jesus  revealed  himself  unto  my  soul.  Then 
there  was  great  joy  in  heaven  over  me,  a  returning 
sinner.  Then  all  my  sins  were  forgiven  me,  and  I  was 
full  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  rejoiced  with  a  joy  un- 
speakably great.  This  occurred,  or  1  experienced  this 
joy,  A.  D.  1756,  in  the  month  of  May.  This  grace 
caused  me  to  despise  the  joy  of  the  world,  and  to  dis- 
regard its  reproach,  and  kept  me,  thenceforth,  continu- 
ally with  my  surety,  Jesus,  amid  many  temptations 
not  now  to  be  mentioned,  until  tinally  I  found  rest  for 
my  soul.  This  peace  and  communion  with  God  I  pos- 
sessed about  two  years,  under  every  burden  of  afflic- 
tion, for  I  had  the  grace  to  enable  me,  under  all  cir- 
cumstances, to  submit  my  will  to  the  mercy  of  God. 
Through  the  grace  which  was  in  me  1  could  govern 
temporal  goods  without  danger  to  my  soul.  Upon 
this  followed  the  great  misery  and  awful  fall  into  sin, 
already,  alas!  too  well  known.  The  devil  bringing 
me  into  a  greater  temptation  and  fall  than  was  ever 
known,  of  which  Peter  Schmidt  was  the  origin  and  in- 
strument. After  this,  by  the  providence  of  God,  I  was 
captured  and  cast  into  prison,  that  I  might  recover 
my  reason,  come  to  a  knowledge  of  my  great  sins,  and 
confess  them  before  God,  that  thus  it  might  awaken 
great  wretchedness  in  my  soul,  humble  me  before  God 
and  man,  yea,  beneath  all  creatures,  yea,  that  1  might 
account  myself  as  the  poorest  worm.  I  often  thought 
each  and  every  persoi]  too  good  to  speak  to  me,  and 
interest  himself  in  me.  Nevertheless  1  sought  cordial- 
ly the  forgiveness  of  my  sins  in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb 
of  God,  my  Redeemer,  who  loved  me  and  died  for  all 
my  sins,  and  for  his  righteousness'  sake  arose,  all 
which  I  heartily  believe,  because  I  experience  again 
the  witness  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  which  testifies  unto 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  243 

my  spirit  that  I  am  a  child  of  God.  And  now,  my 
children,  beloved  in  the  Lord,  T  must  leave  this  world, 
and,  perhaps,  behold  your  face  no  more  in  this  life.  I 
commend  yon.  therefore,  to  the  protection  and  mercy 
of  God!  Pray  without  ceasing,  learn  and  read;  injure 
no  one  vs^illingly  and  wilfully  while  you  live;  labor  in- 
dustriously and  faithfully  according  to  your  ability; 
then,  if  vs-e  should  meet  no  more  in  this  world,  we 
may  hope  to  meet  each  other  in  heaven,  in  the  world 
to  come;  which  may  the  triune  God,  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost,  grant  to  you  for  the  sake  of  the  crucified 
Jesus,  Amen.  Such  cunning  and  celerity  does  Satan 
possess  as  to  cause  so  great  a  schism  and  injury  even 
among  the  children  of  God,  and  to  lead  them  astray, 
and  make  them  fall  so  suddenly  against  their  knowl- 
edge and  consent.  May  God  preserve  all  persons  from 
so  great  a  fall,  and  trample  Satan  under  foot,  for 
Christ's  sake,  Amen.  The  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  be  with  you  and  all  persons.  Amen.  And  I 
beseech  all  persons  who  have  been  injured  by  me  to 
forgive  me,  for  Christ's  sake. 
*'*  "Written  or  dictated  by 

'""Jacob  Waeber. 

'""April  16tli,  17(j]."' 

"Dr.  Hazelius'  account  of  this  tragic  affair  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"'It  was  about  this  time  that  a  number  of  our  (Ger- 
man) people,  living  on  the  banks  of  the  Saluda  River, 
in  South  Carolina,  being  destitute  of  ministerial  in- 
struction, agreed  to  assemble  from  time  to  time  for 
singing,  prayer,  the  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  and  mu- 
tual edification.  This  was  as  it  should  be,  but  the 
enemy  soon  sowed  tares  among  the  wheat,  by  intro- 
ducing spii'itual  pride  among  the  small  fiock.  One 
man,  by  the  name  of  Weaver,  personated  Christ,  an- 
other the  Holy  Spirit,  a  certain  woman,  the  wife  of 


244  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Weaver,  the  Virgin  Mary,  and  one  poor  fellow  was 
doomed  to  represent  Satan.  The  curiosity  of  the  peo- 
ple became  highly  excited  by  the  strange  proceedings 
on  Saluda  River,  in  the  neighborhood  of  what  is  now 
called  Younginer's  Ferry.  Excess  followed  excess, 
until  at  length  Weaver,  representing  either  Christ  or 
God,  ordered,  in  virtue  of  his  dignity,  that  Satan  should 
be  chained  in  a  subterranean  hole,  and  finally  that  he 
should  be  destroyed.  For  this  purpose  they  met, 
placed  the  unfortunate  man  in  a  bed,  covered  him 
with  pillows,  on  which  some  seated  themselves,  while 
others  stamped  with  their  feet  on  the  bed  until  the 
life  of  the  man  had  become  extinct.  The  corpse  was 
then  taken  out  of  bed,  and  thrown  into  a  burning  pile 
of  wood,  to  be  consumed  to  ashes.  The  perpetrators 
of  this  crime  were  taken  to  Charleston  and  tried. 
Weaver  was  found  guilty,  and  suffered  the  penalty  of 
the  law  on  the  gallows.     His  wife  was  pardoned.' 

"The  Rev.  Christian  Theus  furnished  Dr.  Muhlen- 
berg with  a  more  detailed  description  of  this  sect  of 
Weberites,  as  he  was  well  acquainted  with  their  do- 
ings, having  lived  about  twenty-five  miles  fiom  the 
place  where  the  murder  occurred.  At  a  certain  time 
he  came  unexpectedly  into  their  meeting,  and  found 
Jacob  Weber  contending  that  he  was  God,  and  the 
said  Peter  Schmidt  insisting  that  he  himself  was 
Christ,  and  that  the  unconverted  members  must  be 
healed  through  his  stripes. 

"Pastor  Theus  opposing  such  blasphemy,  the  leaders 
became  enraged,  and  threatened  his  life,  and  coun- 
selled with  their  rabble  whether  to  drown  or  hang 
him.  He  escaped,  however,  fronj  their  hands,  fied  to 
the  river,  and  fortunately  found  a  negro  with  his  ca- 
noe at  the  shore,  sprang  into  it,  was  conveyed  across, 
and  thus  saved  his  life. 

"All  traces  of  this  abominable  heresy  have  long  since 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  245 

been  obliterated:  neither  are  tliere  even  any  descend- 
ants of  Jacob  Weber  and  Peter  Schmidt  to  be  found 
in  the  Sahida  Fork.  To  what  region  of  country  thej' 
emigrated,  or  what  was  their  subsequent  history,  is 
not  known.  The  object  of  history  in  preserving  the 
record  of  such  deeds  is  that  it  might  serve  as  a  w^arn- 
ing  to  all  not  to  depart  from  the  truth  as  revealed  in 
God's  word,  even  in  their  religion."'  *  *  *  *  « 
"That  Weber  was  sincere,  his  confession,  which  he  made 
with  eternity  in  view,  fully  proves;  notwithstanding 
his  sincerity,  so  great  was  his  deception  in  spiritual 
things,  that  he  became  guilty  of  the  most  horrid  blas- 
phemy and  the  greatest  crime  known  to  the  law." 

"In  this  locality,  v^here  the  Weberites  had  their  ori- 
gin, and  about  that  period  of  time,  A.  D.  1758,  accord- 
ing to  the  import  of  Weber's  confession,  the  Gospel 
was  but  seldom  preached,  and  the  effects  of  such  neg- 
lect soon  manifested  themselves:  the  people  generally 
gave  a  loose  rein  to  their  passions,  rioted  in  their 
wantonness,  and  actually  believed  that  in  doing  so 
they  w^ere  rendering  service  to  God." 

These  were  the  people  who  contributed  much  to- 
ward bringing  about  the  ''Regulation"  troubles,  and 
here  is  where  the  largest  number  of  German  Tories 
was  to  be  found  during  the  Revolution,  and  on  that 
account  the  whole  German  population  of  South  Caro- 
lina has  been  charged  with  being  of  Tory  inclination. 
But  let  it  be  remembered  that  the  little  angle  between 
the  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers — partly  in  Orangeburgh 
District  and  partly  in  Ninety-Six  District — constitu- 
ted a  very  small  part  of  South  Carolina,  and  the  Ger- 
mans there  settled  constituted  a  very  snjall  portion  of 
the  South  Carolina  (Jei-mans,  and  they  were  not  all 
of  them  Tories  either. 


246  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Section  4.     The  Ciric  Officers  of  the  Period. 

Up  to  1768,  when  the  Pioviiice  of  South  Carolina 
was  divided  into  districts,  the  townships  of  Amelia, 
Orangeburgh  and  Saxe-dotha  formed  parts  of  Berkeley 
County,  as  already  stated,  and  the  only  civic  officers 
in  those  townships  were  the  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
and  the  Inquirers  and  Collectors  of  taxes.  After  the 
formation  of  St.  Matthew's  Parish  in  1765,  representa- 
tion was  allowed  that  Parish  in  the  Commons  House 
of  Assembly  of  the  Province;  and  after  the  formation 
of  Orangeburgh  District  in  1768.  a  Sheriff,  a  Jailer  and 
a  District  Clerk  of  Court  were  added  to  the  list  of 
office  holders.  The  following  is  a  very  incomplete 
list,  made  up  from  various  sources,  of  the  civic  officers 
of  the  period: 

Justices  of  the  Peace.* 

1734. 

Charles  Russell. f 

1737. 

George  Haig.:J: 

Christian  Motte.§ 

1747. 
John  Chevillette.1l 

1752. 
Moses  Thomson 


*The  ottice  of  justice  of  the  peace  was  a  far  more  important  position 
in  Colonial  days  than  it  lias  ever  been  since.  t^S'.  C.  Gazeftc,  .Iiine  7, 
1734.  J.S'.  a  Gazeftc,  July  2—9,  1787.  He  was  also  at  that  time  a  Dep- 
uty Surveyor  General,  as  will  appear  by  the  grants  of  John  Hearn,  p. 

25,  Henry  Salley,  p.  28,  and  the  grant  made  April  13,  1739,  to  Mrs. 
Mary  Russell,  in  trust  for  her  children.— p.  23.    ^*S'.  C.  Gazette,  March 

26,  1737.     lAs  appears  by  an  old  original  document.     °Snuth  Caroli- 
na Gazette,  1752. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  247 

Christian  Minnick.* 
1753, 
Moses  Thomson, I 
Christian  Minnick.;]: 
1754. 
Moses  Thomson.§ 
1756. 
Jacob  Motte.  Moses  Thomson, 

Tacitus  Gailliard,  John  Chevillette, 

Christian  Minnick. 

1762. 
Jacob  Motte.  Tacitns  CTaillard, 

Moses  Thomson,        ^  John  Chevillette, 

James  Mayson. 
1765.11 
Moses  Thomson,  Christian  Minnick, 

John  Chevillette,  Gavin  Pou, 

Lew^is  Golson. 

1768. 
Thomas  Bond,l[ 
Lewis  Golson,"^ 
Moses  Thomson** 
William  Thomson. |f 

*South  Carolina  Gazette^  1752.  -fS'otifh  Carolina  Gazette,  Aufj.  6, 
1753.  XSouth  Carolina  Gazette,  March  26,  1753.  hSouth  Carolina 
Gazette,  March  19,  1754.  ||  "In  and  for  Amelia  and  Orangel)iirgh 
Townships." — From  X\\e  South  Carolina  Almanac,  1705.  Jolin  Govaii 
is  mentioned  in  the  same  authority  as  one  of  the  justices  of  the  peace 
for  Granville  County.  He  had  probably  removed  to  Granville  Coun- 
ty, for  in  the  Gazette  of  July  18,  1768,  (No.  1711— Supplement)  under 
the  caption  "Provost-Marshal's  Sale",  appears  the  following  notice: 
"On  Thursday  25tli  of  August  next,  will  be  sold,  at  public  vendue,  at 
the  usual  place  in  Charles-Town,  All  that  valuable  plantation  or 
tract  of  520  acres  of  land",  &c.,  "whereon  John  Govan,  Esq.,  deceased, 
lately  lived,  situate  in  Prince  Williams  parish,  Granville-county",  &c. 
^S'.  a  Gazette,  May  9,  1768.  °S'.  C.  Gazette,  April  18,  May  9,  July  4, 
Sept.  5,  Oct.  10,  1768.  **.S.  C.  Gazette,  July  11,  1768.  tt-'^'-  C  Gazette, 
August  S,  1768. 


248  THE  HISTORY  OF 

-1768-9. 
Benjamin  Farrar,* 
Barnabas  Arthur.* 
Philip  Pearson,  (Saxe-Gotha.)t 
Tacitus  Gaillard.:|: 

1769-70.§ 
Moses  Thomson,  John  Chevillette, 

William  Hopton,  Gavin  Po«, 

Lewis  Golson,  Christopher  Rowe, 

William  Thomson,  William  Arthur, 

George  Strother. 

177(>-71.1i 

Moses  Thomson,  ,       Lewis  Golson, 

William  Thomson,  Gavin  Pou, 

Christopher  Rowe,  William  Hopton, 

John  Chevillette,  George  Strother, 

William  Arthur. 

1775° 

Gavin  Pou,  Christopher  Rowe, 

Benjamin  Farrar,  John  Savage, 

John  Fairchild,  James  Thomson, 

Henry  Felcler,  Donald  Bruce. 

Justices  of  the  Quorum.** 
1775. 
Gavin  Pou,  Christopher  Rowe, 

Thomas  Green,  Benjamin  Farrar, 

Moses  Kirkland,  John  Savage, 

*See  page  219.  -fS'.  C.  Gazette  and  Country  Joaniat,  June  13,  1769. 
JThe  South  Carolina  Gazette  of  Febriuiry  28rd,  1769,  announced  that 
the  day  before  the  Governor  had  ordered  Tacitus  Gaillard's  name 
"struck  out  of  the  Commission  of  the  Peace;  and  at  the  same  time, 
the  said  Tacitus  Gaillard,  as  Colonel".  ^.For  the  townships  of  Ame- 
lia, Orangeburgh  and  Saxe-Gotha  in  Berkeley  County. — The  SoutU 
Carolina  Gazette,  Oct.  18,  1769.  ^South  Carolina  Gazette,  Oct.  18, 
1770.     °«S'.  C.  Gazette,  Jan.  7,  1775.     **For  Orangeburgh  District. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  249 

David  Pou,  John  Fairchild, 

Henry  Patrick,  Thomas  Young, 

Joseph  Kirkland,  Samuel  Rowe,* 

William  Tucker,  Arthur  Symkins, 

David  Holmes,  John  Dicks, 

Johannes  Beard,  Michael  Dickert, 

John  Chestnut,  Isham  Clayton, 

Malcolm  Clark,  James  Thompson, 

William  Housell,  Henry  Felder, 

Ephriam  Mitchell,  William  Brovv^n, 

Donald  Bruce,  Evan  McLaurin, 

Lewis  Golson,  William  Arthur. 

Inquirers  and  Collectors. 

1758.t 

Amelia   and    adjacent  ^  ^.jj.^^  g.j^^ 
places:  )  ° 

Orangeburgh,  with  the  ) 
forks  of  Edisto  river  and  >  Gavin  Pou. 
the  adjacent  places:  ) 

The  Township  of  Saxe- I  j  Leslie,t 

Uotha  and  forks  between     j^u^,  j  pp 
the   Congaree   and    Wa-  ^r^j^^^^g  j^g^^j^gU^ 
teree  rivers  and  adjacent  ]  j         Pennington, 
places:  J  ° 

1760.§ 

The  Township  of  Ame-  }  -1117-^11;.,^.  q..i.u 
lia  and  adjacent  places:     < 

*See  page  218,  foot  note.  fStats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  56-7.  tOn 
Dec.  14,  1758,  an  Ordinance  was  passed  "for  rectifjang  Mistakes  in  the 
names  of  two  of  the  Inquirers,  Assessors  and  Collectors,  for  the  Town- 
ship of  Saxegotha,  and  the  forks  between  the  Congree  and  Wateree 
Rivers,  and  adjacent  places,  appointed  by  the  Tax  Act,  passed  the 
19th  May,  1758".  James  Leslie  and  Thomas  Kennelly  were  by  the 
mistake  in  the  said  Act,  called  "John  Leslie  and  John  Kennelly". — 
Stats,  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  pages  73  and  74.  |Stats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV, 
page  132. 


250  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Oraiigeburgh  Township,  ) 
with  the  forks  of  Edisto  >  Michael  Christopher  Rowe. 
river  and  adjacent  places:  ) 

Saxe-Gotha  Township^ 
and  the  fork  between  the  |  John  Pearson, 
Congaree   and   the    Wa-  [-William  Harson, 
teree  rivers  and  adjacent  1  William  Raiford. 
places:  J 

1764.* 

For  Amelia  Township  )  ^^-^^  ^.j^.^^  Thomson, 
and  adjacent  places:  )       *' 

Orangeburgh  Township,  ) 
with  fork  of  Edisto  river  >  Gavin  Pou. 
and  adjacent  places:  ) 

Saxe-Gotha  Township  ] 
and  the  fork  between  the  I  u^u^  -  n^^^^.. 

Cono-aree    and     Wateree  l^^^^^*  ^^^^"^' 
L^ongaree    and    wateree  ^Andrew  Allison. 

rivers,       and       adjacent 
places: 

1 765.1 

Amelia  Township  and  }  ^j  p^^^^ 

adjacent  places:  ' 

Orangeburgh  Township,  ) 
with  the  forks  of  Edisto  [■  Gavin  Pou. 
river  and  adjacent  places:  \ 

Saxe-Gotha  Township 
and  the  fork  between  the     t^u.    i^ir.n.  ,.a 
Congar-ee    and    Wateree  hil'^  ^f,^'^' 
rivers   and   adjacent 
places: 


Isaac  Ross. 


1766.^ 

The  Parish  of  St.  Mat-  /  Thomas  Piatt, 
thew:  \  Samuel  Rowe. 

*Stats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  pa^e  193. 
tStats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  217. 
jStats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  242. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  251 

Saxe-Gotha  Township] 
and  the  fork  between  the  I  t  i      xj      -i^. 

Congaree    and    Wateree  K  J^^' Sc^^o  d'"^ 
rivers   and   adjacent  I  ^°""  ^^^^^^^• 
places:  J 

1767.* 

i?^„  4-u^  r>  ..;,u  ^v  a^-   )  John  Thomson, 
lior  the  ransh  or  bt.  (  f  i      ^t  -xt-  u  i 
Mr>^^u^„..  V  Joiio  McJNichols, 

Matthew  (  nu  •  j.      u       r» 

)  Christopher  Kowe. 

)  John  Thomas, 
For  the  Congarees:         >  Thomas  Corker,  Jr., 

)  Thomas  Green. 

For  both  sides  of  Broad  \  Thomas  Kennedy, 
river:  ,  )  John  Freydig. 

Members  of  the  Provincial  Assembly. 
1765-67. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  when  the  Parish  of  St. 
Matthew  was  erected  in  August,  1765,  that  two  rep- 
resentatives in  the  General  Assembly  were  allowed 
that  parish.  At  an  election  held  in  October  following 
William  Thomson  and  Tacitus  Gaillard  were  returned 
as  representatives  for  the  parish,  and  took  their  seats 
in  the  assembly  that  met  on  the  28th  of  the  same 
month,  and  closed  its  session  on  April  12th,  1768. 
From  the  journal  of  that  unusually  long  session  we 
learn  that;  "His  Majesty  having  been  pleased  to  Re- 
peal, the  Act  for  establising  S*  Matthews  Parish,  Ma- 
jor Gaillard  and  Coll^  Thomson  quitted  their  seats  in 
the  House  the  lO^ii  day  of  November  One  thousand 
seven  Hundred  and  sixty-seven." 

1768. 
It  will  also  be  remembered  that  a  second  Act  was 
passed,  in  April  1768,  establishing  St.  Matthew's  Par- 

*Stats.  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  272. 


252  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ish,  and  that  provision  was  made  therein  for  one  rep- 
resentative in  the  Provincial  Assembly.  The  Soiitft 
Carolina  Gazette  for  Monday,  September  5th.  176S, 
contains  the  following  announcement: 

"Wednesday  last  ended  the  |>eneral  election  of 
members  to  represent  the  inhabitants  of  the  several 
parishes  into  which  this  province  is  divided,  in  the 
ensuing  general  assembly,  which  is  to  meet  here  on 
Monday  the  25th  instant;*  when  the  following  gentle- 
men were  elected,  viz."  *  *  •*  *  "For 
St.  Matthew's.    William  Thomson.  Esq." 

1769. 
The  South  Carolina  Gazette  for  March  16tb  1769, 
contains  a  list  of  the  members  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  on  the  7tb  and  8th  of  that  month.  W^illiara 
Thomson  is  named  as  the  representative  elected  for 
St.  Matthew's  Parish. f 

1772. 

The  South  Carolina  and  A/neriran  Genera f  Gazette. 
for  March  3Ist,  1772,  announced  that  Isaac  Huger  had 
been  elected  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Assembly 
for  St.  Matthew's  Parish.:|:  The  same  paper  for 
September  29th,  1772,  again  announced  Isaac  Huger 
as  a  member  of  the  Assembly  for  St.  Matthew's 
Parish.§ 

1773-75. 

The  South  Carolina  and  American  General  Gazette. 
for  December  29th.  1772.  nnnounced  that  at  the  late 
elections,  Tacitus  Gaillard  had  been  i-eturned  as  the 
representative  fron]  St.  Matthew's;;;  but  Mr.  (lailliard 
was  not  permitted  to  sit  easy  in  his  seat,  for  the  South 


*Met  Nov,  15,  17()S,  fFIie  Assembly  nie(  on  the  2HtFi  of  .Tune  fol- 
lowinjf.  JThe  new  Assembly  niet  soon  nfter.  ^Tlie  Assembly  met  on 
OetoberSth,  following.      ||The  new  Assembly  met  on  .Jnn.  ITtli,  1773. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  253 

VaroVuKi  and  American  General  G<(zetU\  for  March  26th, 
1773,  announced  that  Isaac  Huger  would  contest  the 
election  of  Tacitus  Gaillard;  and  the  journal  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  for  Saturday,  March  20th, 
1773,  contains  the  following: 

"Petition  of  Isaac  Huger  Esq  to  set  aside  the  Elec- 
tion of  Tacitus  Gaillard  Esquire 

"A  Petition  of  Isaac  Huger  Esquire  of  Charles 
Town,*  was  presented  to  the  House  and  read  in  the 
words  following  (  )     "That  3'Our  Petitioner  with 

Tacitus  Gaillard  Esquire  were  candidates  at  the  last 
Election  of  a  Member  to  serve  in  the  present  General 
Assembly  for  the  Parish  of  Saint  Matthew  That  the 
Election  was  not  managed  and  conducted  agreeable 
to  the  directions  of  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly 
for  ascertaining  the  Manner  and  form  of  Electing 
Members  to  represent  the  Inhabetants  of  this  Province 
in  the  Commons  House  of  Assembly:  First  that  no 
public  notice  was  given  in  Writing  at  the  Door  of  the 
•Parish  Church,  two  Sundays  before  the  appointed 
time  of  Election — That  at  two  of  the  Clock  in  the  Af- 
ternoon when  the  Box  which  contained  the  Names  of 
the  voters  was  produced  by  William  Stent,  one  of  the 
Church  Wardens  for  the  said  Parish,  two  of  the  Seals 
were  tore  otf.  That  many  undue  practices  were  al- 
lowed by  the  Church  Wardens  during  the  Election  to 
obtain  a  Majority  of  Votes  for  Mr  Gaillard.  That  sev- 
eral persons  were  refused  the  liberty  of  Voting  for 
your  Petitioner  on  the  first  day  of  Election,  and  on 
the  second  were,  offered  their  Votes,  provided  they 
would  Vote  for  Mr  Gaillard,  That  many  Persons  un- 
der Age,  some  who  had  no  property  in  the  Parish,  and 
several    Mulatoes  were  allowed  to  Vote  at  the   said 

*A  citizen  of  South  Carolina  was  eligible  for  election  to  the  Conl- 
iiio!is  House  from  any  parisli  or  election  district  wherein  he  owned 
land,  and  Mr.  Huger  owned  land  in  St.  Matthew's  Parish. 


254  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Election,  contrary  to  the  derections  of  the  said  Act, — 
Wherefore.  Your  Petitioner  humbly  prays  that  the 
Premises  may  be  taken  into  Consideration  by  this 
Honorable  House,  and  on  proof  thereof,  that  the  Elec- 
tion of  the  said  Tacitus  Gaillard  Esquire  may  be  set 
aside  and  deemed  void  and  of  no  Effect." 

"Ordered-that  the  Petition  be  referred  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Privileges  and  Elections.  And  that  the  said 
Committee  have  Power  to  send  for  Persons,  Papers 
and  Records."  What  their  report  was  the  journal 
does  not  show,  but  suffice  it  to  say  that  Mr.  Gaillard 
served  out  his  term,  which — by  the  way — lasted  until 
September  15th  1775,  when  Governor  Campbell  jDroro- 
gued  the  Assembly;  the  last  Assembly  under  the  Royal 
government.  We  may,  therefore,  take  that  date  as 
the  closing  date  of  the  colonial  period  in  our  history. 

Sheriffs. 

1772. 
William  Thomson. 

1775. 
John  James  Haig.* 

Jailer  of  Orangeburgh  District. 

1775. 

John  Mills.f 

District  Clerk  of  Court. 

1775. 

James  Caldwell. :{: 

*  "His  Honour  the  Lieutenant-Governor  has  bt'en  pleased  to  apjioint 
John  James  Haig  Esq.,  to  he  Sheriff  of  Orangeburgh  District." — 
South  Carolina  Gazette,  Feb.  B,  1775. 

"To  Be  Sold 

"At  Orangeburgh  C.  H.  on  the  1st.  Tuesday  in  December  next." 
*    *    *      *      "Plantation",  &c.  "John  James  Haig, 

"Sheriff".— A'.  C. 
Gazette,  Nov.  28,  1775.     t^S'.  C.  Gazette.     J.S'.  C.  Gazette,  Jan.  28,  1775. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  255 


CHAPTER   IV. 

THE  REVOLUTIONARY  PERIOD. 

Section  1.     The  Civil  Affairs  of  the  Period. 

The  excitement  occasioned  by  the  blockading  of 
Boston  port,  by  act  of  the  British  Parliament,  in  1774,* 
caused  a  great  number  of  the  people  of  the  Province 
of  South  Carolina  to  meet  together  in  convention!  in 
Charlestown,  July  6th,  1774.  St.  Matthew's  Parish 
was  represented  in  that  convention  by  Col.  Tacitus 
Gaillard,  who  at  that  time  was  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mons House  of  Assembly  (or  Constitutional  Assembly) 
for  St.  Matthew's  Parish.  (See  S.  C.  Gazette  for  Mon- 
day, July  11,  1774.) 

This  convention  passed  a  set  of  resolutions  con- 
demning the  British  Parliament  for  shutting  up  Bos- 
ton port,  and  setting  forth  the  rights  of  the  American 
<;olonists;  and  also  elected  five  delegates:|:  to  a  Conti- 
nental Congress,  to  meet  in  Philadelphia  the  first  Mon- 
day in  September  following.  This  convention  select- 
ed a  committee  of  ninety-nine  to  act  as  a  General 
Comnjittee  to  correspond  with  the  committees  of  the 
other  Colonies,  and  to  do  all  matters  and  things  nec- 
essary to  carry  out  the  resolutions  of  the  convention. 
It  was  stipulated  that  twenty-one  of  this  committee 
should  constitute  a  quorum  and  that  the  power  of  the 
General  Committee  was  to  continue  until  the  next 
general  meeting.  On  this  committee  Col.  Tacitus 
Gaillard,  Col.  William  Thomson  and  William  Ancrum 

*See  South  Carolina  Oazette,  June  3,»1774.  fHee  <S'.  C.  Gazette,  June 
13,  1774, — call  for  meeting.  jHenry  Middleton,  John  Rutledge, 
Christopher  (xadsden,  Thomas  Lynch  and  Edward  Rutledge. 


256  THE  HISTORY  OF 

were  appointed  for  St.  Matthew's  Parish.*  At  this 
early  day  St.  Matthew's  Parish  was  the  only  part  of 
Orangeburgh  District  that  was  allowed  representation 
in  the  Assemblies.  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  of  course, 
included  Orangeburgh  Township, 

The  Continental  Congress,  which  met  the  first  Mon- 
day in  September,  and  adjourned  the  26th  of  October, 
1774,  among  its  other  acts,  formed  an  association  to 
suspend  importations  of  British  goods,  and  the  expor- 
tation of  American  produce,  till  their  grievances 
should  be  redressed;  and  recommended  to  the  several 
Colonies  a  strict  observance  of  these  pledges,  and  that 
the  provincial  conventions  establish  such  further  reg- 
ulations as  they  might  think  proper  for  carrying  the 
pledges  into  execution. 

To  give  efficacy  to  the  measure,  adopted  by  the  dep- 
uties at  Philadelphia,  it  was  determined  by  the  Gen- 
eral Committee  in  Charlestown,  to  convene  a  provin- 
cial congress,  by  electing  representatives  from  every 
parish  and  district  in  South  Carolina,  and  to  submit 
the  proceedings  of  the  Continental  Congress  to  their 
judgment.  As  the  measures  about  to  be  adopted  de- 
pended entirely  on  the  consent  of  the  people,  a  very 
large  representation  was  thought  advisable.  The  Con- 
stitutional Assembly  consisted  of  only  forty-nine,  but 
this  new  representative  body  consisted  of  one  hundred 
and  eighty-four.  The  members  of  the  Constitutional 
Assembly  were  universally  members  of  the  Congress, 
but  with  this  difference,  that  in  the  latter  capacity 
they  could  neither  be  prorogued  nor  dissolved  by  the 
royal  Cover  nor. 

This  first  Provincial  Congress  met  in  Charlestown 
on  the  nth.  of  January  1775,  and  took  under  consid- 
eration the  proceedings  of  the  Continental  Congress  at 

*See  *S'.  C.  Gazette  and  Country  Journal,  for  TuescUiy,  July  12,  1774. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  257 

Philadelphia  at  the  close  of  the  preceeding  year.  The 
following  notice  of  the  Provincial  Congress  appears  in 
the  Soittli  Carol hia  Gazette  of  January  23rd,  1775:* 
"List  of  the  several  members  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress, which  was  held  here  on  the  Uth  Instant;  being 
the  most  complete  Representation  of  all  the  good  peo- 
ple throughout  the  Colony  that  ever  was  and  perhaps 
ever  will  be  obtained."  Then  follows  a  list  of  the 
members,  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  including  Orange- 
burgh  Township,  being  represented  by: 

Col.  Tacitus  Gaillard, 

Col.  William  Thomson, 

Rev.  Paul  Turquand,}- 

Mr.  John  Caldwell 

Mr.  George  King, 

Mr.  Simon  Berwick. 
The  Township  of  Saxe-Gotha,  Orangeburgh  District, 
was  represented  by: 

Hon.  William  Henry  Drayton,:!: 

Hon.  Barnard  Elliott,:]: 

William  Arthur, 

Jonas  Beard, 

Benjamin  Farrar, 

William  Tucker. 

This  Congress,  without  one  dissenting  voice,  gave 
public  thanks  to  theii"  late  deputies  to  the  Continental 
Congress,  approved  their  proceedings,  and  resolved  to 

*Set'  also  ;V.  C.  G'azrfte  and  Contifrjj  Jour  mil,  Tuesday,  January  17, 
1775.  Se£' also  Moultrie's  Memoirs,  Vol.  I,  page  17.  f  "Ordered,  That 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Tunjuaud,  a  inemher,  be  desired  to  celebrate  divine  ser- 
vice in  Provincial  Con<>:ress."  "Resolved,  That  the  President  do  re- 
turn the  thanks  of  the  C'onjiress,  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Tunjuaiid,  rector  of 
iSt.  Mathew's  Parish,  for  his  devout  and  pious  performance  of  divine 
service  before  the  Congress.  And  the  same  was  done  accordingly." 
—Moultrie's  Memoirs,  Vol.  I,  page  89.  JAny  voter  who  owned  land 
in  an  election  district  was  eligibU"  to  represent  that  district  in  an 
Assemltly,  whether  he  lived  in  that  district  or  not. 


258  THE  HISTORY  OF 

carry  their  suggestions  into  execution;  and  to  this 
end  adopted  the  following  resolution:*  '"Remlved  that 
the  following  Gentlemen  be  the  Committee  for  effect- 
ually carrying  into  execution  the  Continental  Asso- 
ciation! and  for  receiving  and  determining  upon  ap- 
plications relative  to  law  processes".  On  this  Commit- 
tee the  following  gentlemen  were  appointed  to  repre- 
sent St.  Matthew's  Parish,  which  included  Orange- 
burgh  Township: 

Col.  Tacitus  Gaillard, 

Col.  William  Thomson, 

Col.  John  Savage, 

Rev.  Paul  Turquand. 

Mr.  George  King, 

Mr.  John  Caldwell, 

Mr.  Simon  Berwick. 

Mr.  Henry  Felder, 

Col.  Michael  Christopher  Rowe, 

Mr.  Lewis  Golson, 

Mr.  Adam  Snell, 

Mr.  Christopher  Zahn. 
And  the  following  gentlemen  were  appointed  for 
Saxe-Gotha  Township,  Orangeburgh  District: 

Benjamin  Farrar, 

Jonas  Beard, 

William  IVicker, 

Samuel  Boykin, 

Godfrey  Drier, 

Ralph  Humphries. 

On  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  the  Battle  of  Lexington 
was  fought,  and  the  very  same  day  a  packet  from 

*8ee  S.  a  Gazette,  Feb.  13,  1775,  and  Moultrie's  Memoirs,  Vol.  T, 
page  43. 

tThe  first  of  February,  1775,  was  the  day  fixed  by  the  Continental 
Congress  after  which  no  British  goods  sliould  be  imported. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  259 

Loudon  reached  Cliarlestowii  with  intelligence  sub- 
versive of  the  [jleasing  hopes  of  a  speedy  acconiinoda- 
tion.  These  matters  so  excited  the  people,  and  affairs 
began  to  take  such  a  serious  shape  that  the  Provincial 
Congres.>s  was  immediately  summoned  by  the  General 
Committee,  to  meet  in  twenty-three  days  at  Charles- 
town.  "So  great  was  the  zeal  of  the  inhabitants", 
says  Dr.  Ramsay  in  his  History  of  the  Revolution  of 
South  Carolina,  p.  33,  ''and  so  general  the  alarm 
throughout  the  province,  that  one  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-two members  of  the  provincial  Congress  met  on 
the  day  appointed,  the  first  of  June  1775,  and  proceed- 
ed with  such  assiduity,  that  they  finished  a  great  deal 
of  important  business  in  a  short  session  of  twenty- 
two  days.  Great  were  the  objects  which  came  before 
this  assembly.  Hitherto  the  only  sacrifices  demanded 
at  the  shrine  of  liberty,  were  a  suspension  of  trade 
and  business;  but  now  the  important  question  was 
agitated,  whether  it  was  better  to  'live  slaves  or  die 
freemen"." 

On  the  second  day  of  their  meeting  it  was  unani- 
mously resolved  that  an  association  was  necessary, 
and,  accordingly,  one  was  drawn  up  and  signed  by 
all  of  the  members  present,  and  afterwards  by  a  large 
majority  of  the  people  of  South  Carolina.*  By  the 
terms  of  this  association  the  people  of  South  Carolina 
united  themselves  ''under  every  tie  of  religion  and 
honour",  and  associated  '"as  a  band  in  her  defence 
against  every  foe'*.  All  persons  who  should  refuse  to 
subscribe  to  the  association  were  to  be  considered  as 
"inimical  to  the  liberty  of  the  colonies".  Within 
three  days  it  was  resolved  to  raise  two  regiments  of 
infantry  Hud  a  regiment  of  rangers.*  and  to  put  the 

*See  letter  of  Henry  Laurens  to  Col.  Fletehall.— Collections  of  the 
South  Carolina  Historical  Society,  Vol,  II,  page  42. 
fOn  .June  21,  1775,  the  Council  of  Safety:  ''Rcmlvrd,  That  it  is  not 


260  THE  HISTORY  OF 

town  and  provini^e  in  a  respectable  position  for  de- 
fence.   On  June  22nd  this  Congress  adjourned. 

From  the  Smdli  Cayolina  Gazette  of  September  7th, 
1775,  we  learn  that  on  the  7th,  Sth,  28th,  and  29th  of 
August,  1775,  elections  were  held  throughout  South 
Carolina  for  delegates  to  a  "Colony  Congress"  to  be 
held  in  Charlestown  the  tirst  day  of  December  follow- 
ing. St,  Matthew's  Parish,  including  the  Township  of 
Orangeburgh,  elected  the  following  delegates: 

Col.  Tacitus  Gaillard, 

Mr.  Simon  Berwick, 

Rev.  Mr.  Paul  Turquand, 

Mr.  Henry  Felder, 

Mr.  John  Caldwell, 

Captain  William  Fludd. 
The  Township  of  Saxe-Gotha,  Orangeburgh  District, 
elected  the  following: 

Hon.  Wm.  Henry  Drayton, 

Benjamin  Fai'i-ar, 

William  Arthur, 

Henry  Patrick, 

Ralph  Humphries, 

Dr.  Jacob  Richmond. 
The  section  between  the  North  fork  of  the  Edisto 
river  and  the  Savannah  river,  also  a  part  of  Orange- 
burgh District,  elected  delegates  to  this  Congress  also, 
but  their  names  have  not  been  obtained.  The  new 
Provincial  Congress  met,  agreeably  to  their  original 
appointment,  on  the  1st  of  November,  1775.* 

necessary  for  the  present,  to  raise  more  than  fifty  men  per  company 
in  the  Foot,  and  thirty  men  per  troop  of  Horse,  in  tiie  Regiments  or- 
dered to  he  raised  for  the  service  of  this  colony." 

*A  sliort  while  previous  to  the  assembling  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress, Lord  William  C'ami)bell,  the  Royal  Governor,  assembled  the 
Constitutional  Assembly  and  tried  to  transact  business,  but  as  most 
of  the  members  of  this  Assembly  sided  with  the  Colonists,  he  could 
do  nothing  with  them,  and  accordingly,  on  the  loth  of  September,  he 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  261 

•*Till  the  year  1776,  the  opposition  to  Great-Britain 
was  conducted  on  such  temporary  principles,  that  the 
repeal  of  a  few  acts  of  parliament  would  have  imme- 
diately produced  a  reinst<itement  of  British  govern- 
ment— a  dissolution  of  the  American  army— and  a  re- 
commencement of  the  mer<-antile  intercourse  between 
the  two  countries.  The  refusal  of  Great-Britain  to 
redress  the  grievances  of  the  colonies,  suggested  to 
some  bold  spirits  early  in  1776,  the  necessity  of  going 
much  greater  lengths  than  was  originally  intended."* 

''Public  affairs  were  in  confusion  for  want  of  a  regu- 
lar constitution.  The  impropriety  of  holding  courts 
of  justice  under  the  authority  of  a  sovereign  against 
whom  all  the  colony  was  in  arms,  struck  every  think- 
ing person.  The  impossibility  of  governing  a  large 
<'omm unity  by  the  ties  of  honour,  without  the  authori- 
ty of  law,  was  equally  apparent.  But  notwithstand- 
ing the  pressing  weight  of  all  these  considerations,  the 
formation  of  an  independent  constitution  had  so  much 
the  appearance  of  an  eternal  separation  from  a  coun- 
try, by  a  reconciliation  with  which  many  yet  hoped 
for  a  return  of  ancient  happiness,  that  a  great  part  of 
the  provincial  Congress  opposed  the  necessary  meas- 
ure. At  the  very  time  when  they  were  suspended  on 
this  important  debate,  an  express  arrived  from  Savan- 
nah, with  an  act  of  parliament,  passed  December  21, 
1775.  confiscating  American  property,  and  throwing 
all  the  colonists  out  of  his  Majesty's  protection.  This 
turned  the  scnle — silenced  all  the  moderate  men  who 
were  advocates  for  a  reconciliation— and  produced  a 
majority  for  an  independent  constitution".! 


.1. 


dissolved  the  AsstiiiMy,  tind  noer  aftei wards  iKs-iied  writs  for  a  new 
election. 
*Ranisay.— Hist.  Kev.  [<.  ('.,  page  81.     tH'i^l,  pi'gt-  81. 


262  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"So  strong  was  the  attachment  of  many  to  Great- 
Britain,  which  they  fondly  called  the  mother-country, 
that  though  they  assented  to  the  establishment  of  an 
independent  constitution,  yet  it  was  carried,  after  a 
long  debate,  that  it  was  only  to  exist  'till  a  reconcilia- 
tion between  Great-Britain  and  the  colonies  should 
take  place'."* 

This  constitution,  temporaiily  declaring  South  Car- 
olina a  free  and  independent  republic,  was  adopted 
March  26th,  1776.  "The  most  essential  parts  of  this 
temporary  constitution  are  contained  in  the  following 
resolutions:''! 

"T.  That  this  Congress,  being  a  full  and  free  repre- 
sentation of  the  people  of  this  colony,  shall  henceforth 
be  deemed  and  called  the  General  Assembly  of  South 
Carolina,  and  as  such  shall  continue  until  the  21st  of 
October  next,  and  no  longer. 

*TI.  That  the  General  Assembly  shall,  out  of  their 
own  body,  elect,  by  ballot,  a  legislative-council,  to 
consist  of  thirteen  members,  (seven  of  whom  shall  be 
a  quorum)  and  to  continue  for  the  same  time  as  the 
general  assembly. 

"III.  That  the  general  assembly,  and  legislative- 
council,  shall  jointly,  choose,  by  ballot,  from  among 
themselves,  or  from  the  people  at  large,  a  president 
and  commander-in-chief,  and  a  vice-president  of  the 
colony. 

"V.  That  there  be  a  privy-council,  whereof  the  vice- 
president  of  the  colony  shall  of  course  be  a  member 
and  president  of  the  privy-council,  and  that  six  other 
members  be  chosen  by  ballot,  three  by  the  general 
assembly,  and  three  by  the  legislative-council;  pro- 
vided always,  that  no  officer  of  the  army  or  navy,  in 
the  service  of  the  continent,  or  of  this  colony,  shall  be 
eligible. 

*Ranisa.y.— Hist.  Rev.  S.  (',,  page  83.     fTbid,  page  89,  et  sec). 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  263 

"VII.  That  the  legislative  authority  be  vested  in  the 
president  and  commander-in-chief,  the  general  as- 
8eml»ly  and  legislative-council. 

"XI.  That  on  the  last  Monday  in  October  next,  and 
the  day  following,  and  on  the  same  days  of  every  sec- 
ond year  thereafter,  members  of  the  general  assemblj^ 
shall  be  chosen,  to  meet  on  the  first  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber then  next,  and  continue  for  two  years  from  said 
last  Monday  in  October.  The  general  assembly  to 
consist  of  the  same  numbers  of  members  as  this  con- 
gress does,  each  parish  and  district  having  the  same 
representation  as  at  present. 

"XVI.  That  the  vice-president  of  the  colony,  and 
the  privy-council,  for  the  time  being,  shall  exercise  the 
powers  of  a  court  of  chancery.  And  there  shall  be 
an  ordinary,  who  shall  exercise  the  powers  hereto- 
fore exercised  by  that  officer  in  this  colony. 

"XIX.  That  justices  of  the  peace  shall  be  nomina- 
ted by  the  general  assembly,  and  commissioned  by 
the  president  during  pleasure. 

"XX.  That  all  other  judicial  officers  shall  be  chosen, 
by  ballot,  jointly  by  the  general  assembly  and  legis- 
lative-council. 

"XXI.  That  the  sheriffs,  qualified  as  by  law  directed, 
shall  be  chosen  in  like  manner  by  the  general  assem- 
bly and  legislative-council,  and  commissioned  by  the 
president  for  two  years  only. 

"XXII.  The  commissioners  of  the  treasury,  the  sec- 
retary of  the  colony,  the  register  of  mesne  (convey- 
ances, attorney-general,  and  powder-receiver,  shall  be 
chosen  by  the  general  assembly  and  legislative-coun- 
cil jointly.  l)y  ballot,  and  commissioned  by  the  presi- 
dent during  good  behaviour:  but  shall  be  removed  on 
the  address  of  the  general  assembly  and  legislative- 
council. 

"XXllI.    That  all  field-officers  in  the  army,  and  all 


264  THE  HISTORY  OF 

captains  in  the  navy,  shall  be,  by  the  general  assem- 
bly and  legislative-council,  chosen  jointly,  by  ballot, 
and  commissioned  by  the  pi-esident:  and  that  all 
other  officers  in  the  army  and  navy  shall  be  commis- 
sioned by  the  president  and  commander-in-chief.'' 

In  consequence  of  this  temporary  constitution  the 
following  officers  were  elected  immediately  on  the 
adoption  of  the  constitution: 

President,  John  Rutledge, 
Vice-President,  Henry  Laurens, 
Chief  Justice,  William  Henry  Drayton. 
Assistant  Judges,  Thomas  Bee,  John  Mathews 

and  Henry  Pendleton. 
vVttorney-rieneral,  Alexander  Moultrie, 
Secretary,  John  Huger, 
Ordinary,  William  Burrows, 
Judge  of  the  Admiralty,  Hugh  Rutledge, 
Register  of  Mesne  Conveyances,  George  Sheed. 
Members  of  the  Legislative-Council: 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Henry  Middleton, 
Richard  Richardson, 
Rawlins  Low^ndes, 
LeRoy  Hammond, 
David  Oliphant, 
Thomas  Ferguson, 
Stephen  Bull, 
George  Gabriel  Powell, 
Thomas  Bee, 
Joseph  Kershaw, 
Thomas  Shubrick, 
William  Moultrie. 
Members  of  the  Privy-Council: 
James  Parsons, 
William  Henry  Drayton, 
John  Edwards, 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  265 

Charles  Pinckney, 

Thomas  Ferguson, 

Rawlins  Lowndes. 
Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  Article  XIX  above 
quoted,  justices  of  the  peace  for  the  several  parishes 
and  precincts  of  the  colony  were,  in  April,  1776,  nomi- 
nated by  the  General  Assembly  and  commissioned  by 
President  Rutledge.  The  following  were  the  justices 
selected  for  Orangeburgh  District:  George  Ancrum, 
William  Ailhur,  Jonas  Beard,  Samuel  Boykin,  Rich- 
ard Brown,  Donald  Bruce,  Peter  Corbin,  James  Cor- 
nelley,  Malcolm  Clark,  Isham  Clayton,  John  Chesnut, 
Michael  Dickert,  Benjamin  Farrar,  John  Fairchild, 
Lewis   Golson,   Tacitus   Gaillard,    Ralph   Humphries, 

Houschild,  David  Holmes,  William   Housell, 

John  Kensalow,  Michael  Leitner,  Ephriam  Mikell, 
David  Pou,  Henry  Patrick,  James  Pritchard,  Samuel 
Rowe,  M.  C.  Rowe,  Jacob  Richman,  George  Robinson, 
John  Savage,  Arthur  Simkins,  George  Strawther,  Wil- 
liam Thomson,  William  Tucker,  and  Thomas  Young.* 

The  South  (Jaroli//a  and  Anterican  General  Gazette  for 
Wednesday,  April  17th,  1776,  states  that  on  April 
11th,  the  following  commissioners  of  election  were 
appointed  by  the  General  Assembly:  For  Saxe-Gotha 
Township,  election  to  be  held  at  Granby,  William  Ar- 
thur, Benjamin  Farrar,  Ralph  Humphries,  Jacob  Rich- 
man,  and  Jacob  Finlay.  The  commissioners  of  elec- 
tion for  St.  Matthew's  were,  as  was  the  custom  in  all 
the  parishes,  the  wardens  of  the  parish  church,  and 
the  election  was  held  at  the  church. 

After  passing  a  few  necessary  laws,  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  people  closed  their  session  on  the  Uth, 
of  April,  1776.    This  first  General  Assembly,  agreeably 


*!See  South  Carolina  and  Anirrican  Orncral  Gazette  for  Wednes- 
day, April  17th,  1776. 


266 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


to  the  constitution  they  bad  framed,  was  dissolved  on 
the  21st  of  October  of  the  same  year,  and  a  general 
election  for  members  of  the  Legislature  was  immedi- 
ately held  throughout  the  State  the  last  Monday  in 
October.  Such  was  the  union  of  the  people,  and  so 
general  their  acquiescence  in  the  measures  adopted  by 
their  representatives,  that  the  former  members  were 
almost  universally  returned.  The  following  members 
w^ere  elected  for  Orangeburgh  District: 

For  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  including  Orangeburgh 
Township:  Richard  Richardson,*  Donald  Bruce,  and 
four  others. 

For  Saxe-Gotha  Township:     Six  meinbers. 

For  the  territory  between  the  North  Edisto  and  Sa- 
vannah rivers:     Six  members. 

For  the  lower  district  between  Broad  and  Saluda 
rivers:     Two  members. 

The  So?ffh  Cfffoh'na  and  American  General  Gazette  lov 
October  17th.  1776,  contains  the  following: 

"At  a  Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace.  Oyer 
and  Terminer.  Assize  and  General  Gaol  Delivery,  be- 
gun and  hoi  den  at  Orangeburgh  for  the  District  of 
Orangeburgh.  on  Monday  the  20th.  Day  of  May.  1776. 
before  the  Honorable  William  Henry  Drayton.  Esq. 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Colony  of  South  Carolina. 

"The  ADDRESS  and  DECLARATION  of  the  Grand 
Jury  of  the  said  District,  to  his  Honour  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice. 


*Tlu'  Gazette  of  the  S'tate  of  South  Carolina  for  April  f)tli,  1777: 
"Writs  have  been  issued,  for  electing  Members  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly to  fill  up  Vaeaneies  which  have  happened  in  the  following  Par- 
ishes and  Districts."  Among  the  members  to  be  elected  to  fill  these 
vacancies  was  one  for  Ht.  Matthew's  Parish,  "in  the  room  of  ( "ol.  Rich- 
ard Richardson,  who  made  his  election  for  St.  .lames,  Goose  Greek". 
The  election  days  were  set  for  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  April  'I'lud 
and  28rd,  following. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  267 

"Ma3'  it  please  your  Honour, 

"Whilst  engaged  in  an  arduous  but  glorious 
Strugglia  for  the  | (reservation  of  those  invaluable 
Rights  and  Liberties,  which,  by  the  Laws  of  Keason, 
and  of  Nature,  all  men  have  a  right  to  possess,  and 
without  the  Possession  of  w  hich  Life  itself  would  be  A 
Burthen;  it  was  Matter  of  no  small  Grief  to  us  that 
any  Men  should  be  found  amongst  us  ready  to  add  to 
the  Distress  of  an  oppressed  and  injured  People,  by 
endeavouring  to  introduce  Anarchy  and  Confusion  and 
thereby  to  light  up  the  Flames  of  Civil  Discord  in  the 
Bowels  of  this  once  happy  Country. — We  are  fully 
convinced  that  those'must  have  been  the  nefarious  in- 
tentions, and  base  Hopes  which  induced  the  King's 
Judges  to  refuse  the  Execution  of  their  Offices,  and  by 
so  doing  to  put  a  Stop  to  the  Administration  of  Jus- 
tice in  the  Courts  under  their  Jurisdiction;  to  the 
great  Danger  of  the  Lives,  Liberties,  and  Properties  of 
the  good  People  of  this  Colony.  But  however  great 
our  Grief,  we  cannot  say  we  are  surprised  at  their 
Conduct— Strangers  in  this  Land,  as  they  are,  and,  in- 
duced by  no  Ties  of  Affection  to  this  Country,  or  its 
Inhabitants,  they  acted  as  may  ever  be  ex'pected  from 
the  wretched  Hirelings  of  an  arbitrary  and  despotic 
Power.  We  trust  they  are  the  last  Officers  of  the  Kind 
this  Colony  will  ever  know,  and  hope  it  will  be  an  ad- 
ditional Cause,  for  us  hereafter  to  rejoice  that  we  re- 
sisted, that  we  thereby  became  sensible  of  the  true  Li- 
terest  of  America  in  this,  as  well  as  many  other  Re- 
spects. To  the  base  Conduct  of  our  late  Judges, 
among  other  Causes,  we  owe  however  the  excellent 
Constitution  lately  established  amongst  us:  A  Con- 
stitution  evidently  franied  for  the  Good,  Welfare  and 
Happiness  of  those  who  are  to  live  under  it.  We  de- 
clare, that  as  we  do  most  heartily  approve  of,  so  we 
are  determined  with  our  Lives  and  Fortunes  to  sup- 


268  THE  HISTORY  OF 

port,  maintain  and  defend  it.  And  to  that  End.  we 
will,  to  the  utmost  of  onr  Power,  endeavour  to  make 
known  its  Excellency  to  all  around  us,  to  promote 
and  encourage  Peace.  Harmony  and  good  Will  among 
the  People;  and  w^hilst  we  treat  with  the  tender  Hand 
of  Pity  and  Compassion  those  few',  if  any,  of  our 
Brethren,  who,  from  the  Want  of  Information,  or  the 
artful  Designs  and  Intrigues  of  wicked  Men,  may  be 
found  at  present  unfriendly  to  the  sacred  Cause  in 
which  we  are  now  engaged,  we  will  use  our  utmost 
Efforts  to  teach  and  instruct  theni  what,  and  how" 
many  Grievances  we  labour  under;  the  dutiful,  hum- 
ble, and  we  cannot  help  now  thinking  too  submissive. 
Petitions  and  Remonstrances,  we  have  vainly  present- 
ed for  Redress;  the  appeal  made  by  our  oppressors  to 
the  Sword,  and  driven  as  we  are  by  dire  necessity,  the 
becoming  and  spirited  Measures  we  have  pursued  and 
are  now  pursuing  for  a  vigorous,  manly,  and  virtuous 
Defence  of  the  Liberties  of  ourselves  and.  which  are 
still  dearer  to  us,  of  our  Posterity.  Thus  acting,  we 
doubt  not  but  that  we  shall  be -able  to  create  such  an 
Union  among  them,  as  if  extended  over  the  whole 
Colony,  will,  with  the  Assistance  of  that  gracious 
Providence  which  has  hitherto  manifested  itself  in 
our  Favour;  the  Goodness  of  our  Cause,  the  Advan- 
tage of  our  Situation,  our  Use  to  Arnjs,  and  our 
Equality,  if  not  Superiority  in  other  Respects  to  those 
who  are.  or  may  be  sent  against  us,  insure  us.  if  called 
to  Action,  both  Victory  and  Peace. 

"GREAT  BRITAIN  has  forced  us  into  a  new  Form 
of  Government;  she  may  continue  the  Sword  so  long 
unsheathed  that  by  observing  its  Supei'iority  over  the 
old,  we  may  be  unwilling  to  part  with  it.  We  now 
have  Rulers  of  our  free  Choice  aud  Judges  of  our  own 
Election;  a  full  and  equal  Representation  in  the  Gov- 
ernment; Blessings  we  hope  we  should  never  lose,  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  269 

wbii'b  tlie  Wisdom  of  the  Continental  Congress  will 
enable  us  long  to  keep  Possession  of.  In  our  present 
Situation  it  would  be  needless  for  us  to  present  any 
Grievances  to  tbis  Court:  From  tbe  Joy  we  are  in, 
and  the  Pleasures  we  feel  in  observing  the  Attention 
paid  to  tbe  Interests  of  the  Colony,  at  the  first  Session 
of  the  Assembly  under  the  present  Constitution,  by 
the  Law  for  the  once  more  opening  the  Courts  of 
Justice  amongst  us,  and,  the  many  other  excellent 
Laws  passed  in  that  vSession,  we  can  think  of  none  we 
labour  under:  Should  there  be  any,  we  have  the 
greatest  Confidence  that  your  Honour  would  pay 
proper  Attention  to  them,  were  they  pointed  out,  and 
that  the  Legislature  will  at  all  Times  be  ready  to  pro- 
vide adequate  Remedies,  when  they  are. 

"Henry  Felder,  (L.  S.) 

"George  King,  '  (L.  S.) 

"Michael  Leitner,  (L.  S.) 

"William  Heatly,  (L.  S.) 

-Garrit  FitzPatrick,  {L.  S.) 

"Adam  Snell,  (L.  S.) 

"Gaspar  Brown,  (L.  S.) 

''John  M'Williams,  (L.  S.) 

'"Henry  Rickenbacker,  (L.  S.) 

"Henry  Whetstone,  (L.  S.) 

"Henry  Crum,  (L.  S.) 

"Godfred  Drelve,  (L.  S.) 

"Jonas  Beard.  (L.  S.)" 

From  the  strength  of  this  Grand  Jury  report,  and 
the  ability  displayed  in  its  preparation,  we  are  led  to 
believe  that  the  back  country  people  of  South  Caroli- 
na were  not  as  ignorant  and  illiterate  as  John  Bach 
McMaster,  Mason  L.  Weems,  and  some  other  writers 
would  have  us  believe  that  they  were  at  the  time  of 
the  American  Revolution. 


270  THE  HISTORY  OF 

;  The  new  Assembly  met  on  the  6tli  of  December 
,1776,  and.  in  a  few  days  thereafter,  re-elected  the  for- 
mer President  and  Vice-President,  South  Carolina 
was  the  first  of  the  United  Colonies  that  fornjed  an 
independent  constitution:  bnt  as  this  was  done  on 
temporary  principles,  the  declaration  of  independence 
by  the  Continental  Congress.  whi<*h  took  place  on  the 
4tb  of  July  preceding,  made  it  necessary  to  remodel 
that  temporary  form  of  government,  so  as  to  accom- 
modate it  to  that  great  event.  The  members  of  the 
Legislature,  chosen  in  October  1776.  were  authorized 
by  the  people  to  frame  a  new  constitution  suited  to 
the  declared  independence  of  the  State.  Authorized 
in  this  manner,  the  Legislature,  in  January  1777.  be- 
gan the  important  business  of  framing  a  permanent 
form  of  government,  Before  finally  adopting  this  new- 
constitution  the  Legislature  submitted  it  to  the  peo- 
ple for  their  approval  for  the  space  of  one  year,  so 
that  it  was  not  finally  adopted  until  the  spring  of  1778. 
The  temporary  constitution,  ratified  in  March  1776. 
differs  from  that  which  was  framed  in  1777  in  the  fol- 
lowing particulars:  By  the  last,  the  appellation  of  the 
country  was  changed  from  colony  to  state,  and  of  the 
chief  magistrate,  from  president  to  governor.  The 
Legislative  authority  was  reduced  from  three  to  two 
branches.  Instead  of  the  Legislative-Council,  to  be 
chosen  by  the  representatives  of  the  people  out  of 
their  own  body,  a  senate,  consisting  at  twenty-eight 
inembers,  each  upward  of  thirty  years  of  age.  to  be 
elected  by  the  people  in  their  respective  parishes  and 
districts,  was  constituted  a  branch  of  the  Legislature. 
And  South  Carolina  was  declared  ahsoliifci//  free  and 
independent  of  Great  Britain. 

;    On  January  16th,  1777,  the  Legislature  passed  an 
Act  for  I'aising  taxes;  and.  in  accordance  with  the  6th 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  271 

paragraph  of  the  Act,  appointed  Inquirers  and  Collec- 
tors for  the  several  parishes  and  districts  of  the  State. 
The  following  were  the  Inquirers  and  Collectors  ap- 
pointed for  Orangeburgh  District:  For  St.  Matthew's 
Parish,  including  Orangeburgh  Township,  Henry  Fel- 
der,  William  Reed  and  Joseph  Dunklin;  for  the  dis- 
trict of  Saxe-Gotha,  George  Stroul,  Andrew  Kaigler, 
and  William  Gieger;  for  the  district  between  the  Sa- 
vaiiuah  river  and  the  North  fork  of  the  Edisto  river, 
William  Robinson,  James  Moore,  Henry  Peoples  and 
Henry  Young.* 

The   South   Carolina  ami   American  General  Gazette 
for  February  12th,  1778,  contains  the  following: 
"SOUTH  CAROLINA, 

"ORANGEBURGH-DISTRICT. 

''The  Presentments  of  the  Grand  Jurors,  at  a  Court 
of  General  Gaol  Delivery,  for  the  District  of  Orange- 
burgh, on  Wednesday  the  5th  Day  of  November,  1777, 
before  Hon.  William  Henry  Drayton,  Esq;  Chief-Jus- 
tice of  the  said  State. 

•'I.  We  present  as  a  grievance  the  dangerous  prac- 
tice of  fire-hunting,  and  recommend  that  a  law  be 
passed  inflicting  more  severe  penalties  than  the  last, 
upon  persons  guilty  thereof. 

"if.  We  present  as  a  grievance,  the  want  of  a  law, 
fixing  some  punishment  on  persons  harboring  or  con- 
cealing horse  and  other  thieves. 

'  JII.  We  present  as  a  grievance,  the  want  of  a  pub- 
lick  general  test,  by  which  the  foes  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  friends  of  the  American  cause; 
and  we  do  recommend  that  the  abjuration  oath  may 
be  made  general.  Lastly,  We  return  our  thanks  to  his 
Honour  the  Chief-Justice  for  his  patriotic  charge  de- 

*Statutesof  S.  ('.,  Vol.  IV,  page  809. 


272  THE  HISTORY  OF 

livered  to  us  at  this  sessions,  Hiid.  request  that  these 

our  presentments  be  made  publick. 

"Lewis  Golson,  Foreman,  (L.  S.) 

"William  Arthur,  (L.  S.) 

"George  King.  (L.  S.) 

"Phillip  Frierson.  (L.  S.) 

"Gaspar  Brown,  (L.  S.) 

"Daniel  Kelly,  -  (L.  S.) 

"Henry  Felder,  (L.  S.) 

"Guerard  FitzPatrick,  (L.  S.) 

"David  Friday,  (L.  S.) 

"Henry  Whetstone,  (L.  S.) 

"John  Harrisperger,  (L.  S.) 

"Henry  Rickenbacker,  (L.  S.) 

"Godfrey  Drehr,  (L.  S.) 

"Adam  Snell,  (L.  S.)" 

The  new  constitution  having  been  approved  of  by 
both  the  deliberative  branches  of  the  Legislature,  and 
also  having  gained  the  implied  consent  of  the  people, 
after  one  year  of  trial,  the  Generol  Assembly  and  Leg- 
islative-Council proceeded,  in  March  1778,  to  give  it  a 
final  sanction  in  the  form  of  a  law.  When  it  was  sub- 
mitted to  President  Rutledge  he  refused  to  sign  it,  be- 
cause he  then  held  office  under  the  constitution  of 
1776,  which  made  South  Carolina  independent  of 
Great  Britain  only  until  an  agreement  could  be  reach- 
ed with  her.  He  therefore  resigned  the  office  of  Presi- 
dent, and  Rawlins  Lowndes  was  elected  in  his  stead, 
and  on  the  19th  of  March.  177S,  he  gave  his  assent  to 
the  new  constitution. 

On  March  2Sth.  177S,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act 
for  establishing  a  new  list  of  jurymen  for  the  several 
Districts  of  the  State,  declaring:  "That  the  several 
persons  whose  names  are  inserted  in  the  different 
schedules  or  lists  hereunto  annexed  as  jury  lists  for  the 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  273 

several  districts  of  C'harlestowii,  Georgetown,  Cberaws, 
Camden.  Beaufort  and  Oraiigelnirgh,  within  this  State,, 
and  entitled  the  grand  jury  list,  petit  jury  list,  and  the 
special  jury  list,  of  each  of  the  said  districts  respec- 
tively, are  hereby  deenjed  and  declared  to  be  qualified 
and  obliged  to  serve  as  jurjinen  for  such  districts  re- 
spectively, according  to  the  several  jury  lists  in  which 
their  I'lames  are  so  inserted;  that  is  to  say,  all  persons 
whose  names  are  inserted  in  the  list  of  the  grand  jury 
of  any  of  the  districts  aforesaid  and  hereunto  annexed, 
shall  be  summoned,  returned  and  obliged  to  serve  as 
grand  jurymen,  according  to  law,  for  such  districts  in 
the  grand  jury  list  of  w^hich  their  names  are  so  insert- 
ed; and  all  persons  whose  names  are  inserted  in  the 
petit  jury  list  of  anj^  of  the  districts  aforesaid  and 
hereunto  annexed,  shall  be  summoned,  returned  and 
obliged  to  serve  as  petit  jurymen  for  such  districts  in 
the  petit  jury  list  of  which  their  names  are  so  insert- 
ed; and  also  all  persons  whose  names  are  inserted  in 
the  special  jury  list  of  any  of  the  districts  aforesaid 
and  hereunto  annexed,  shall  be  summoned,  returned 
and  oliliged  to  serve  as  talesmen  on  the  petit  jury  of 
such  district  in  the  special  jury  list  of  which  their 
names  are  so  inserted,  in  all  cases  where  tales  are  al- 
lowed by  law." 

The  Legislature  of  South  Carolina,  on  March  28th. 
177S,  ratified  an  Act  for  raising  taxes.  This  act  pro- 
vided for  the  appointment  of  Inquirers  and  Collectors 
for  the  collecting  of  the  said  taxes  in  the  various 
parishes  and  districts  of  the  State.  In  the  7th  para- 
graph of  this  Act  these  Inquirers  and  Collectors  are 
named,  and  the  following  were  the  appointees  for 
Oi-angeburgh  District:  For  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  in- 
cluding Orange  Parish,  lately  formed.  Philip  Frierson. 
William  Heatly.  George  Frierson  and  Donald  Bruce; 
for  Saxe-Gotha  Township  and  adjacent  parts,  William 


274  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Arthur  and  Samuel  Boykin;  for  the  district  between 
the  North  fork  of  the  Edisto  river  und  the  Savannah 
river,  William  Robinson,  James  Moore,  Henry  Peoples 
and  John  Jennings.* 

In  1778,  James  Prichard  is  mentioned  in  the  (idzefte 
of  the  State  of  Souf/i  Cai-oliiia  as  sheriff  of  Orangeburgh 
District. 

In  the  Gazette  of  the  State  (f  S(,at](  Carolina  for  Octo- 
ber 28th,  1778,  notice  is  given  that  at;  election,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  new  constitution,  would  be  held 
the  last  Monday  in  Noveniber  and  the  day  following, 
Tuesday,  December  the  first,  and  the  following  com- 
missioners of  election  for  Orangeburgh  District  were 
then  named:  For  Orange  Parish  (late  a  part  of  St. 
Matthew^'s  Parish),  election  to  be  held  at  Orangeburgh 
Court  House,  Henry  Felder,  Donald  Bruce,  Samuel 
Rowe,  and  John  Clayton;  for  the  district  between  the 
North  fork  of  the  Edisto  river  and  the  Savannah  river; 
John  Parkinson,  James  Moore,  John  Collins,  Capt. 
George  Robison,  and  Henry  Peoples;  for  Saxe-Cotha 
Township;  election  to  be  held  atGranby,  Ralph  Hum- 
phries, Jacob  Richman,  William  Arthur,  and  Samuel 
Boykin.  For  St.  Matthew's  Parish  the  election  was. 
as  usual,  of  course,  to  be  conducted  by  the  parish 
church  wardens  at  the  church.  Under  the  apportion- 
ment of  the  new  constitutioi],  Orangeburgh  District 
was  allowed  the  following  representation:  For  St. 
Matthew's  and  Orange  parishes  combined,  one  sena- 
tor; St.  Matthew's  three  representatives,  and  Orange 
three;  the  district  between  the  North  fork  of  the  Ed- 
isto river  and  the  Savannah  river,  one  senator  and  six 
representatives;  Saxe-Gotha  Township,  one  senator 
and  six  representatives.     The  election  was  scheduled 

^statutes  of  S.  C,  Vol.  IV,  page  417.     Al.so  S.  ('.  (did  Anicricdii 
General  G(izctt(  for  April  2ik1,  1778. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  275 

for  the  la«t  Mondny  in  November,  177<S,  and  the  day 
following. 

The  new  Assembly  met  the  fiist  Monday  in  January 
1779.  As  the  term  of  office  of  President  Lowndes  had 
expired,  and  as  the  office  of  president  had  been  abol- 
ished by  the  new  constitution  and  that  of  governor 
created  in  its  stead,  the  Legislature  immediate!}'  elect- 
ed John  Rutledge  governor. 

The  Gazette  of  the  State  of  Sotitli  Cfnvl(tia  for  Febru- 
ary 24th,  1779,  mentions  James  Haig  as  sheriff  of 
Orangeburgh  District. 

On  the  9th  of  September,  1779,  the  Legislature  passed 
an  Act  for  raising  taxes,  and,  under  the  7th  paragraph 
of  the  Act.  appointed  Inquirers  and  Collectors  for  the 
several  parishes  and  districts  of  the  State.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  Inquirers  and  the  Collectors  appoint- 
ed for  Orangeburgh  District:  For  St.  Matthew's  Parish, 
Samuel  Dubois.  Jacob  Christopher  Zahn  and  Jared 
Neilson;  for  Orange  Parish,  Lewis  Golson,  William 
Hill  and  Henry  Fekler:  for  Saxe-Gotha  Township  and 
parts  adjacent,  William  Arthur  and  Jacob  Sayler;  for 
the  Fork  district,  John  Collins,  George  Robison,  and 
James  Leyton  Richards.* 

On  the  Mth  of  September,  1779,  the  Legislature  elec- 
ted J.  Wylde  and  P.  Watters  magistrates  for  Orange- 
burgh District.! 

The  General  Assembly  of  South  Carolina,  called  for, 
met  in  December,  1779,  when  the  following  represent- 
atives for  Orangeburgh  District  appeared  ij 

*Statutt's  of  8.  C,  Vol.  IV,  pages  490  and  491.  fSee  House  journal 
for  that  period.  JSee  the  Gazetff  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina  for 
Wednesday,  December  8th,  1779.  These  representatives  were  proha- 
l)lv  the  ones  elected  in  Octol)er,  1778. 


276  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Senator  for  the  combined  parishes  of  Orange  and 
St.  Matthew: 

Col.  William  Thomson. 
Representatives  for  Orange  Parish; 

Donald  Bruce, 

Samuel  Rowe, 

William  Hill. 
Representatives  for  St.  Matthew's  Parish; 

Isaac  Porcher, 

Jacob  Christopher  Zahn, 

Samuel  Dubois. 
Senator  for  the  Fork  district; 

Stephen  Smith. 
Representatives  for  the  Fork  district; 

John  Collins, 

Britton  Williams,* 

Henry  Hampton, 

Patrick  Cain, 

James  Fair, 


Senator  for  Saxe-Gotha  Township; 

John  Hbpton. 
Representatives  for  Saxe-Ootha  Township: 

William  Arthur, 

William  Gieger,}- 

Ralph  Humphries.:|: 

Jonas  Beard, 

Jacob  Seyler, 

James  Beams. 
Senator  for  the  lower  district  between  Broad  and 
Saluda  rivers; 

Charles  King. 

*Hung  by  Tories  in  1780. — Tarletoii  Brown's  Memoirs,  page  17. 
tDied  during  the  session  beginning  Aug.  31, 1779,  and  ending  Feb.  12, 
1780. 
JRemoved  from  the  State  during  the  same  period. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  277 

Repretieiitatives  for  lower  district  between  Broad 
and  Saluda  rivers: 

Wade  Hampton. 
Philemon  Waters. 

This  Assembly  adjourned  February  12th,  1780;  but 
before  adjourning,  it  passed,  on  Feb.  3rd,  "An  Ordi- 
nance for  the  better  defence  and  security  of  this  State, 
during  the  recess  of  the  General  Assembly",  which  Or- 
dinance practically  vested  in  Governor  Kutledge  the 
powers  of  a  dictator,  as,  among  other  things,  it  gave 
him  the  right,  *'with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Privy  Council",  "to  do  all  matters  and  things  which 
may  be  judged  expedient  and  necessary  to  secure  the 
liberty,  safety  and  happiness  of  this  State,  except  tak- 
ing away  the  life  of  a  citizen  without  legal  trial". 
Practically  the  same  powers  had  been  given  Governor 
Rutledge  on  a  previous  occasion,  February,  1779,  when 
the  Legislature  adjourned  with  the  State  threatened 
by  an  invasion. 

The  fall  of  Charlestown,  the  capital,  in  1780,  and 
the  subsequent  overrunning  of  the  State  by  the  British, 
rendered  it  impracticable  to  hold  another  session  of 
the  Legislature  for  nearly  two  years.  For  the  same 
reason  it  was  not  possible  to  hold  an  election  for  a 
new  legislature  in  the  fall  of  1780.  But,  the  State 
having  been  recovered  from  the  British,  towards  the 
close  of  1781,  Governor  Rutledge.  by  virtue  of  the  ex- 
traordinary power  delegated  to  him  before  the  surren- 
der of  Charlestown.  issued  writs  for  new  elections. 
These  w  ere  ordered  to  be  held  in  the  usual  places  where 
it  was  practicable,  and  in  other  cases  as  near  as  safety 
and  other  circumstances  would  permit.  By  the  same 
authority  it  was  ordered,  that  at  the  election  the  votes 
of  such,  only,  should  be  received  as  had  never  taken 
British  protection,  or  who  having  taken  it,  had,  not- 


278  THE  HISTORY  OF 

withsiaudiiig,  re-joined  tlieir  coniitrynieii  on  or  before 
the  twenty-seventh  of  September,  17S1. 

At  this  election  the  following  were  the  members  re- 
turned for  Orangeburgh  fiistrict:  Orange  Parish,  Capt. 

Henry  Felder,  George  llennarson,  and ;  St. 

Matthew's  Parish,  William  Middletoii, ,  and 

;  the  Fork  district.  Wm.  Rol)ison,  Wm.  Dun- 
bar, John  Collins,  John  Parkinson, ,  and  ; 


Saxe-Gotha  Township,  Jonas  Beard,  Michael  Lietner, 
and  four  others. 

This  Legislature,  so  chosen,  met  January  Sth,  17S2. 
The  Senate  chose  John  Lewis  Gervais,  president:  and 
the  House  chose  Hugh  Rutledge,  speaker;  and  some 
days  later.  Governor  Rutledge's  term  having  expired, 
John  Mathews  was  chosen  governor;  all  vacancies 
were  filled  up  in  the  different  departments,  and  civil 
government  was  re-established,  and  before  adjourning 
(Feb.  26th),  the  Legislature  delegated  to  Governor 
Mathews  the  same  powers,  with  similar  limitations, 
that  had  been  intrusted  to  Governor  Rutledge  in 
1779  and  1780. 

Section  2.     The  Third  Heijinienl  of  South  Corolina  Con- 
tinent a  Is. 

There  are  very  few  records  to  show  the  names  of 
those  brave  men  of  Orangeburgh  District,  who  went 
forth  to  battle  for  the  independence  of  South  Carolina 
and  the  other  American  colonies,  but  there  are  docu- 
ments enough  in  evidence  to  show  that  a  good  part  of 
the  fighting  was  done  by  men  from  Orangeburgh,  and 
that  they  usually  had  "a  place  in  the  picture  near  the 
flashing  of  the  guns."  If  many  of  the  companies  and 
regiments  to  which  the  Orangeburgh  men  belonged 
ever  had  any  official  rolls  they  were  not  deposited  in 
places  of  al)solute  safety,  for  the  Carolinians  recked 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


279 


not  of  pension  Inireans  that  might  he  formed  when  the 
war  should  end:  and  many  of  the  rolls  of  the  organi- 
zations to  which  those  hrave  men  belonged,  wdio  fought 
for  their  country  for  their  country's  sake,  were  lost  or 
destroyed.  Many  of  them  have  been  bought  up  since 
the  Revolution  by  historical  societies  outside  of  this 
State,  and  others  were  destroyed  during  the  last  war. 
But  we  can  recount  the  deeds  of  our  heroes,  even  if 
we  have  not  their  names. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  in  June,  1775,  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress  of  South  Carolina,  as  a  safeguard, 
raised  two  regiments  of  infantry  and  one  regiment  of 
rangers.  William  Thomson,  a  member  of  that  Con- 
gress from  Orangeburgh  District,  was  elected  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel and  commander  of  the  regiment  of  ran- 
gers. The  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  were  from 
Orangeburghf  and  the  adjoining  districts  of  Camden 
and  Ninety-Six.  The  following  were  the  officers  of 
this  regiment  elected  at  its  organization.:!:  Those 
marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  were  of  Orangeburgh 
District: 

*William  Thomson.  Lieut.  Col. 
James  May  son,  Major. 

1  Samuel  Wise. 

2  Ezekiel  Polk, 

3  *John  Caldwell. 

4  Eli  Kershaw. 

5  *Robert  Goodwin,  [-Captains. 

6  Moses  Kirkland, 

7  *Edward  Richardson, 

8  Thomas  Woodward, 

9  John  Purves. 


fDr.  Joseph  Johnson  says,  "Traditions  of  the  Revolution",  page  90: 
"He"  (Thomson)  "being  from  tlie  upper  part  of  ()rangel)urg  District, 
soon  filled  his  regiment  with  many  of  the  best  riflemen  in  the  State." 

jSee  Ramsay's  Revolution  in  Soutii  Carolina,  Vol.  I,  ijages  36,  37. 
Also  .Journal  of  Council  of  Safety  for  .June  18,  177").— Collections  S.  C. 
Hist.  Soe.,  Vol.  II,  page  24. 


280  THE  HISTORY  OF 

1.  *J oh n  Lewis  Pever  Im holt',   ( 

2.  *Oharles  Heatly,  1 
8.  Alan  Cameron,!                       j 

4.  Richard  Winn,  | 

5.  John  Donaldson.:^  J  Lieutenants. 

6.  Hugh  Middleton,  | 

7.  Lewis  Dutarque,  j 
S.  Francis  Boykin,  | 
1).  Samuel  Watson,  ! 

The  commissions  for  these  officers  were  signed  hy 
the  Council  of  Safety  on  vJune  iSth,  1775,  and  on  the 
21st  of  June,  following,  a  comnnssion  for  John  Ches- 
nut,  Paymaster  3rd  regiment,  and  nine  blank  commis- 
sions, all  dated  June  lSth,for  second  lieutenants,  were 
signed  by  the  Council.  The  appointing  of  the  second 
lieutenants  was  left  to  Col,  Thomson. 

On  the  24th  of  June,  1775,  Col.  'i'homson  received, 
from  the  Council  of  Safety,  his  commission,  and  an  or- 
der, dated  June  21st,  directing  him  to  issue  forthwith, 
orders  for  levying  troops  for  his  regiment;  and  in  the 
Council  of  Safety  on  June  26,  1775,  the  following  reso- 
lution was  passed: 

''Besoh'ed,  That  a  letter  be  wiitten  to  Col.  Thomson, 
directing  him  to  station  the  first  troop  of  Rangers 
that  shall  be  raised,  at  Fort  Charlotte,  till  further  or- 
ders; that  he  send  to  Charles  Town  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble, the  two  brass  field  pieces,  and  bayonets,  that  are 
there;  and  that  he  do  take  charge  of  all  the  gun-pow- 
der and   military  stores  that  shall  remain  there,  and 

fCanieron  refused  to  aeeept  the  coniniissidii  ottered  him,  as  will  be 
seen  by  hits  two  letters  to  Major  Andrew  Williamson,  dated  .July  10th 
and  .July  lOth,  1775,  and  published  on  pajie  ()7  of  Vol.  II.  of  (^>llee- 
tions  of  S.  C.  Historical  Society.     He  sympathised  with  the  Crown. 

IRamsay  and  Col.  Thomson  f^We  his  name  as  John  Donaldson,  but 
his  name  is  given  on  the  Journal  of  Council  of  Safety  and  in  (xeneral 
DeSausure's  pamphlet  as  James  Donaldson. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  281 

immediately  transmit  an  exact  inventory  of  the  whole 
to  this  Couneil". 

Orders  in  accordanee  with  thi.s  resolution  were  then 
sent  to  Col.  Thomson,*  and  on  July  1st  he  transmitted 
them  to  Major  Mayson  to  be  by  him  put  into  execu- 
tion: and  Major  Mayson  was  directed  to  place  Fort 
(_'har!otte  in  chal-ge  of  Capt.  Purvis. 

On  the  13th  of  July  the  Council  of  Safety  issued  or- 
ders requiring  Col.  Thomson  to  make  a  complete  re^ 
turn  of  hi.s  regiment,  and  issued  further  orders  for  the 
regiment  to  begin  a  series  of  movements  on  August 
the  10th;  whi<-h  last  orders  were  rescinded  by  the 
Council  on  July  20th. 

On  July  14th,  the  Council,  upon  application  by  Col. 
Thomson,  issued  the  following  order,  which  was  doubt- 
less very  agreeable  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Ran- 
gers: 

■'Pay  to  Col.  William  Thomson,  to  be  paid  by  him 
to  the  Paymaster  of  the  Regiment  of  Hangers,  for  pay- 
ing the  said  Regiment,  the  sum  of  one  thousand 
Pounds  currency;  for  which  this  shall  be  your  war- 
rant. 

"7V>  John  NevfviUe.  Ffif^r  Barof,  WUluihi   Gihbes,  esqa., 
Comniissioners  of  the  Co/on i/  Tjrasun/.'" 

Fronj  the  Journal  of  the  Council  for  the  same  day, 
July  14th.  we  extract:  "The  Council  signed  a  certifi- 
cate for  Dr.  Alexander  Rogers,  appointed  Surgeon  to 
the  Regiment  of  Rangers,  dated  this  day,  upon  an  ap- 
plication by  Col.  Thomson." 

Col.  Thomson  was  next  given  orders,  on  July  15th, 
to  immediately  march  his  regiment,  or  such  part  of  it 
as  he  might  deem  necessary  foi'  the  service,  to  take 
Fort  Chailotte,  in  case  the  same  had  not  already  been 

*.See  his  order  book  in  Section  8  of  this  chsiptcr. 


282 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


secured  agreeable  to  the  order  of  June  26th.  Upon  re- 
ceiving this  order  Col,  Thomson  issued  orders  for  Cap- 
tains Goodwyn,  Kershaw,  Richardson  and  Woodward 
to  meet  him  at  the  Congarees  on  the  following  Sun- 
day, ready  to  march  to  Fort  Charlotte;  but  upon  reach- 
ing the  Congarees  he  met  an  express  from  Major  May- 
son  containing  the  intelligence  of  the  capture  of  Fort 
Charlotte.*  Thereupon  Col.  Thomson  went  into  camp 
at  the  Congarees  with  the  four  companies  he  had  with 
him,  issued  orders  for  Capt.  Wise  to  also  join  him  at 
once  with  his  company,  and  sent  a  detachment  to 
Fort  Charlotte  for  powder. 

From  his  camp  at  "Granby  near  Friday's  Ferry", 
Col.  Thomson  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Council  of  Safety 
on  July  22nd,  in  which  he  advised  that  some  member 
of  the  Council  of  Safety  and  the  Rev.  William  Ten- 
nent  be  sent  among  the  back-country  people. 

It  appears  that  when  the  Continental  Association 
was  carried  among  the  settlers  in  the  fork  between 
the  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers,  (a  part  of  which  territor}^ 
was  in  Orangeburgh  District,  but  the  greater  part  of 
which  w^as  in  Ninety-Six  District)  many  of  them  re- 
fused to  sign  it.  The  Council  of  Safety  then  resolved, 
on  July  23rd,  to  send  William  Henry  Drayton  and  the 
Rev.  William  Tennent  among  them  to  try  to  persuade 
them  into  signing  it.  The  Council  also  gave  them  the 
following  authority:  "Gentlemen — in  order  to  give 
you  every  necessary  and  proper  support  and  protec- 
tion in  your  progress  into  the  country,  in  execution  of 
our  commission  of  this  date,  you  are  hereby  author- 
ized to  call  upon  all  and  every  Officer  of  the  Militia 
and  Rangers  for  assistance,  support  and  protection". 
Acting    under    this    authority    Messrs    Drayton   and 

*WIiieli  was  plaet'd  under  the  care  of  ('apt.  John  Caldwell  and  his 
company. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 

Tenuent.  who  had  left  Charleston  on  August  2nd, 
<-alled  upon  Col.  Thomson  soon  thereafter  to  accom- 
pany them  with  his  regiment.  The  following  account 
of  their  journey  tiirough  Orangeburgh  District,  and 
their  transactions  with  Col.  Thomson  and  his  regi- 
ment of  rangers,  is  made  up  from  Mr.  Tennent's  diary, 
several  letters  written  by  Messrs  Drayton  and  Ten- 
nent,  and  various  other  documents: 

Tennent's  diary:  "'Sth.  Set  out  a  little  after  6,  and 
by  the  help  of  Mr.  Thomson's  good  pair  of  horses, 
passed  over  sixteen  miles  of  the  worst  road  I  almost 
ever  saw,  owing  to  the  steepness  of  the  hills,  and  the 
gullies  made  by  yesterday's  shower  of  rain.  Dined  at 
Mr.  Patrick's,  a  man  of  property  among  the  Dutch,  and 
afterwards    rode  with  him  seven   miles.     Arrived  at 

Col.  Chestnut's  paymaster  and  there  found  Col. , 

with  sundry  othcers  of  the  regiment.  Among  others 
was  agreeably  surprised  to  find  Dr.  Charlton,  from 
Philadelphia,  a  lieutenant  among  them.  We  were 
soon  introduced  to  Messrs  Dunn  &  Booth,  two  lawyers 
sent  from  North  Carolina,  prisoners,  for  having  been 
busy  in  stirring  up  there  in  opposition  to  the  Conti- 
nent. They  appear  sensible  and  plausible  men.  After 
making  known  our  errand  to  the  Commanding  Officer, 
we  consulted  with  him  and  concluded  to  send  the 
prisoners  by  a  detachment  to  Charleston  to  the  gener- 
al committee  informing  them  of  the  time  of  the  Con- 
gress in  North  Carolina,  to  disband  the  Kangers  for  a 
few  days,  to  take  off  the  fears  of  the  people.     Sunday, 

August  6th.  Preached  in  Camp  at  Col. in  the 

evening.  Finding  some  disaffected  among  the  soldiers 
Mr.  Drayton  harrangued  them  and  was  followed  by 
myself  until  all  seemed  well  satisfied,  and  we  returned 
to  Mr.  Chestnut's  2  miles.  About  midnight  were 
alarmed  by  an  officer  from  the  Camp,  who  informed 
us,  that  they  had  niutined  and  were  deterujined  to  g6 


284 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


off  in  the  morning,  we  agreed  to  let  matters  rest  until 
they  ordered  the  Companies  to  come  to  us. 

"Monday,  7th.  Discovered  that  the  Mutiny  arose 
from  some  words  dropped  by  some  officers  concerning 
their  pay  and  duty.  We  dealt  plainly  with  the  Corps 
of  Officers,  and  addressed  the  men  at  the  head  of  the 
Regiment  in  such  a  manner  as  that  they  all  went 
away  happy". 

Letter  written  by  Drayton  and  Tennent: 

"Congaree  Store,*  August  7th,  1775. 
''To  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Gentlemen: — Having  left  Charles  Town  on  Wed- 
nesday morning,  we  arrived  here  early  on  Saturda}' 
afternoon,  130  miles  distant  from  town.  In  our  way, 
we  spent  some  hours  at  Col.  Gaillard's.f  and  we  flatter 
ourselves  the  visit  had  a  good  effect.  It  is  to  be  hoped, 
he  has  not  delivered  himself  in  public  so  warmly,  as 
he  has  expressed  himself  to  us." 

********* 

"As  a  first  step  to  the  particular  object  of  our  pro- 
gress, upon  our  arrival  here,  we  despatched  notices  to 
particular  persons  of  influence  among  the  Dutch,  to 
endeavor  to  procure  a  meeting  of  them  at  the  place  of 
election  as  on  this  day.  To  our  great  mortification 
not  one  German}:  appeared,  but  one  or  two  of  our 
friends  who  had  been  industrious  to  procure  a  meet- 
ing. By  them  we  were  informed,  their  countrymen 
were  so  much  averse  to  take  up  arms,  as  they  imag- 
ined, against  the  king,  least  they  should   lose  their 

*"A  few  hundred  yards  below  Graiiby." 

fTaeitus  Gaillard,  who  lived  in  Orangehiirgli  District,  near  Eutaw 
Springs. 

JLet  it  be  borne  in  niind  that  these  were  the  8axe-(Jotha  and 
"Dutch  Fork"  Germans — not  the  Orangeburgh  Germans.  And  even 
the  small  hopes  that  Drayton  entertained  of  fheae,  were  redeemed 
?ifterwards. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  285 

lands;  and  were  so  possessed  with  an  idea,  that  the 
rangers  were  posted  here  to  force  their  signatures  to 
the  association,  that  they  would  not  by  any  argu- 
ments be  induced  to  come  near  us".  *  *  *  "How- 
ever unfavorable  these  circumstances  are,  we  hope 
you  will  not  be  alarmed  at  them;  we  yet  have  some 
hopes  of  success,  though  we  confess  they  are  but  small 
in  this  quarter. 

"We  have  engaged  Col.  Thomson  to  order  a  muster 
of  two  Dutch  companies  in  this  neighborhood  on  Wed- 
nesday next,  and  w-e  have  declared  if  the  officers  diso- 
bey they  shall  be  broke.  This  threat  was  highly  nec- 
essary, as  the  Dutch  Captains  had  some  little  time 
ago  disobeyed  such  an  order,  alledging  that  extra  mus- 
ters were  warranted  only  by  orders  from  the  Gover- 
nor. We  hope  this  step  will  oblige  a  part  of  the  Ger- 
mans to  give  us  a  hearing;  and  as  we  flatter  ourselves 
that  our  discourses  to  them  will  not  be  entirely  lost 
upon  them,  we  expect  these  will  induce  others  of  their 
countrymen  to  be  willing  to  hear  what  we  have  to 
say.  With  this  view,  and  to  give  such  persons  an  op- 
portunity of  hearing  us;  w^e  have  engaged  one  Dutch 
clergyman  to  perform  service  at  one  place  on  Friday 
next,  and  another,  at  a  second  place  on  Sunday  next, 
at  both  which  places  Mr.  Drayton  will  be  present. 
And  in  the  mean  time,  as  we  know  in  general,  that  an 
argument  relating  to  money  matters  most  readily 
catches  a  Dutchman's  ear,  we  have  declared  that  no 
non-subscriber  in  this  settlement  will  be  allowed  to 
purchase  at,  or  sell  to  this  store  or  Charles  Town. 
When  Mr.  Drayton  shall  quit  the  Dutch  settlements 
on  Sunday  next,  after  having  had  on  Saturday  a  meet- 
ing with  a  large  number  of  people  of  all  sorts,  at  one 
McLaurin's,  a  store  keeper,  hitherto  an  enemy,  but 
now.  at  least  in  appearance,  a  friend,  he  will  proceed 
up  the  fork  to  Col.  Fletc hall's". 


286  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"Yesterday  Mr.  Tennent  performed  divine  service 
in  Camp;  and  in  the  afternoon  Mr.  Drayton  harran- 
gued  the  Rangers  respecting  the  new  and  extraordi- 
nary power  by  which  they  were  raised;  the  nature  of 
the  public  disputes,  and  the  justice  of  the  cause  in 
which  they  were  engaged;  the  nature  of  their  alle- 
giance to  the  King  and  their  duty  to  their  country, 
their  families  and  themselves;  their  duty  and  obliga- 
tion to  oppose  and  attack  any  British  troops  landing 
in  this  colony;  their  honor  was  awakened  by  con- 
trasting their  personal  value  and  importance  against 
the  importance  of  the  British  troops;  their  complaints 
respecting  provisions  were  entered  into,  and  they 
were  assured  the  public  meant  to  do  all  that  could  be 
done  for  them  consistently  with  the  nature  of  disci- 
pline and  the  calamitous  situation  of  affairs;  they 
were  informed  that  the  public  could  not  so  much  dis- 
honor them  as  to  imagine  they  had  enlisted  merely 
for  pecuniary  gain,  but  persuaded  that  they  being  ac- 
tuated with  a  nobler  motive,  all  men  were  willing  to 
believe,  that  they  without  wishing  to  be  at  ease  in 
every  respect,  as  in  a  regular  service  under  an  estab- 
lished and  quiet  Government,  did  not,  as  they  could 
not  in  honor  or  conscience,  desire  more  than  absolute 
necessaries.  And  that,  if  they  thought  it  a  hardship 
to  go  abroad  to  procure  provisions,  the  Council  were 
ready  to  save  them  that  trouble  by  deducting  a  rea- 
sonable sum  from  their  pay,  and  supplying  them  with 
provisions  in  the  manner  in  which  the  foot  were  fur- 
nished. They  had  grumbled  about  tents,  and  were 
now  informed  that  the  British  troops  in  America  dur- 
ing the  last  war,  not  only  generally  used  but  piefer- 
red  huts  made  of  bushes.  Finally,  encomiums  were 
passed  upon  the  progress  they  had  made  in  the  art 
military,  and   it   was  recommended  to  them   in  the 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  287 

strongest  terms  to  pay  the  most  perfect  obedience  to 
their  officers,  as  the  only  means  by  which  they  could 
become  good  soldiers,  and  to  defend  those  liberties 
and  rights  which  they  appeared  so  willing  to  protect. 
Hitherto  there  has  been  but  little  subordination. 

"To  these  things  Mr.  Tennent  added  assurances  of 
the  value  of  Congress  currency  which  many  people 
liad  endeavored  to  depreciate  in  the  opinion  of  the 
soldiers,  and  he  read  and  commented  upon  the  declar- 
ation of  the  General  Congress. 

"These  things  being  finished,  we  left  the  camp  in 
apparent  quiet  satisliiction  and  content,  the  men  on 
being  discharged  expressing  their  thanks  to  us.  But 
about  midnight,  an  officer  stole  from  the  camp  (about 
two  miles  off*)  and  gave  us  the  most  alarming  intelli- 
gence that  a  most  dangerous  mutiny  had  broke  out 
in,  and  prevailed  throughout  the  whole  camp,  in 
which  there  was  no  longer  any  command  or  obedience; 
that  the  men  were  in  an  uproar  at  the  idea  of  a  de- 
duction of  their  pay,  for  they  had  in  general  been 
promised  provisions  above  their  pay,  and  they  were 
determined  to  quit  the  camp  this  morning  and  dis- 
band. Col.  Thomson  and  Capt.  Kershaw  lodge  with 
us;  they  were  willing  to  do  any  thing  that  was 
thought  proper.  We  consulted  with  them  upon  the 
case,  and  it  was  thought  most  advisable  not  to  take 
any  step  in  the  night  or  for  either  of  those  officers  to 
go  to  the  camp;  but  that  time  should  be  allowed  for 
the  men  to  cool,  and  for  the  three  Captains  and  other 
officers  in  camp  to  sound  the  men,  and  learn  who 
would  be  depended  upon.  This  measure  had  the  effect 
we  exi»ected,  and  this  ujorning  the  men  appeared 
quiet,  and  it  became  evident  that  the  disorders  arose 
from  three  or  four  privates  of  prof!igate  dispositions, 

*  "At  the  Corif^aree  Creek,  below  Grant»y". 


■288  THE  HISTORY  OF 

and  from  improper  conduct,  declarations,  and  conver- 
sations of  some  officers.  Capt.  Woodward  had  incau- 
tiously at  enlisting  his  men,  made  promises  which 
proved  grounds  of  discontent  and  disappointment,  and 
yesterday  had  even  the  rashness  to  attempt  to  he 
spokesman  to  us  in  the  hearing  of  the  Rangers  in  fa- 
vor of  their  being  found  above  their  pay;  and  Lieu- 
tenant Dutarque,  also  attenjpted  to  inveigh  against 
the  cruelty  of  keeping  men  encamped  without  tents. 
Such  topics  had  by  these  officers  frequently  been 
touched  upon  heretofore,  but  we  have  privately  given 
them  a  lecture  upon  the  subject,  and  we  hope  as  the}' 
heard  us  in  a  proper  manner,  that  it  will  have  a  good 
effect.  From  such  sources,  however,  it  is  plain  the 
disorder  of  last  night  arose.  The  Rangers  were  this 
morning  marched  from  camp  to  this  place,  where  Mr. 
Drayton  harrangned  them  upon  the  disorder  of  the 
last  night,  attributing  it  to  a  few  disorderly  persons. 
who  in  this  the  first  instance,  would  by  the  Colonel  be 
passed  over  unnoticed,  in  hopes  such  lenity  would 
work  a  reformation  in  them.  The  consequences  of  a 
mutinous  conduct  were  described  as  tending  to  expose 
them  to  the  derision  of  their  neighbors  and  enemiejs. 
and  to  cover  them  and  the  whole  corps  with  shame,  con- 
tempt, infamy  and  ruin,  without  effecting  the  public 
service;  for,  if  they  should  prove  unworthy  of  the  ser- 
vice, they  would  certainly  be  brought  to  condign  pun- 
ishment, and  other  and  more  worthy  rangers  be  found 
to  supply  their  places.  For  they  ought  not  to  flatter 
themselves,  that  because  some  parts  of  this  country 
w^ere  disaffected,  that  therefore  they  could  desert  and 
be  in  places  of  security.  If  any  should  desert  they 
must  some  time  be  off  their  caution  and  guard,  and 
then  they  would  be  seized,  for  a  reward  would  be  put 
upon  their  heads — no  money  would  be  thought  too 
much  to  ferret  them  out  wheiesoever  they  should  go; 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  28^ 

and  dead  or  alive  the}"  would  oeitainl}^  be  carried  to 
Charles  Town.  The  situation  of  America  was  placed 
l)efore  them.  On  one  side  of  the  question  stood  almost 
infinite  numbers,  supported  b}^  wealth  and  men  of 
learning  and  abilities  to  plan  and  execute  measures  to 
evercome  their  opponents,  who,  of  the  Americans 
were  only  a  few  men  of  little  property  and  less 
knowledge  and  abilities  to  conduct  affairs;  and  they 
were  asked,  if  they  could  possibly  think  ther6  was  any 
safety  among  such  men.  The  obligation  of  their  oath 
was  strongly  insisted  upon;  and  as  to  provisions,  it 
was  declared  that  the  officers  wH)uld  endeavor  to  en- 
courage people,  of  whom  many  were  willing  to  sup- 
ply the  camp;  in  which  case  the  soldiers  should  pur- 
chase as  they  pleased  in  camp,  where,  when  there 
were  any  provisions  they  should  not  be  allowed  to  go 
abroad  to  seek  what  they  could  find  at  home.  They 
were  told,  they  were  not  now  to  look  for  rewards,  but 
that  they  must  expect  them  when  these  troubles  w'ere 
over.  For,  as  in  the  mean  time  it  would  be  known 
who  among  them  behaved  with  due  obedience,  and 
who  conducted  themselves  otherwise;  so,  all  these 
things  in  time  to  come  would  be  remembered  by  the 
gentlemen  below,  who  would  in  private  affairs  shew 
to  the  first  all  kinds  of  favors  and  acts  of  friendship 
whenever  opportunities  should  offer;  and  they  would 
carefully  mark  the  latter,  and  discountenance  and 
thwai't  them  upon  every  occasion.  This  discourse  we 
flatter  ourselves  had  a  full  effect.  They  were  called 
upo!!  to  say  what  they  pleased;  except  three  men, 
they  wer-e  all  well  satisfied  and  contented,  and  showed 
the  most  perfect  submission.  These  three  were  prop- 
erly checked,  and  the  worst  of  them  severely  repri- 
manded and  spoken  to  in  private." 

*****  :M  :i:  *  =!= 

"As  well  to  remove  the  apprehensions  of  the  Dutch 


290  THE  HISTORY  OF 

settlers  as  those  of  the  interior  parts,  that  the  Rangers 
were  posted  here  to  force  measures;  and  to  remove 
every  idea  that  we  came  up  to  issue  orders  to  plunder 
and  lay  waste,  as  well  as  to  allow  the  soldiers  to  go 
home  to  places  of  election,  and  to  procure  necessaries, 
and  to  shew  that  we  place  a  contidence  in  their  good 
behavior,  we  have  this  day  broken  np  the  camp  ami 
sent  them  to  their  respective  homes  under  their  offi- 
cers, with  orders  to  repair  to  a  new  camp  in  Amelia 
about  thirty  miles  below  this,  and  to  join  there  on  the 
18th  inst.,*  at  which  place  Maj.  Mason  is  likewise  un- 
der orders  to  appear  at  the  same  time  with  Capt.  Pur- 
vis' Company.  For  the  Major's  personal  presence  in 
96  is  of  disservice  to  the  public  affairs." 

"With  regards  to  Oapt.  Polk,  we  are  at  present  si- 
lent, but  we  hope  you  will  not  delay  to  fill  up  Cap- 
tain's Commissions  for  those  two  vacancies,  by  pro- 
moting the  two  eldest  first  Lieutenants,}-  as  in  such  a 
case  Mr.  Heatly  will  speedily  procure  full  compliments 
of  recruits  for  and  himself.     We  also  beg  leave 

to  inform  you  that  a  Surgeon's  mate  is  necessary  for 
the  Rangers,  although  there  is  no  provision  for  such  a 
post  by  particular  act  of  Congress,  yet  it  may  arise 

*Here  is  a  copy  of  one  of  the  orders  issued  by  Col.  Thomson  to  his 
captains  on  this  occasion:  (Gibbes's  Documentary  History,  1855,  page 
127.) 

"Camp  at  Mineral  Springs,  August  7th,  1775. 
"Sir: — You  are  hereby  ordered  to  give  your  men  leave  to  go  to  their 
respective  homes,  and  you  are  to  order  them  to  get  their  horses  re- 
cruited, and  themselves  properly  equipped,  and  on  the  18th  instant 
you  are  to  rendezvous  with  your  company  in  Amelia  phice,  known 
by  the  name  of  Flechall's  old  field,  where  you  are  to  camp  till  furth- 
er orders. 

"From  the  Honorable  W.  H.  Drayton,  or 

"Your  most  humble  servant, 

"Wm.  Thomson. 
"To  Capt.  Robert  Goodwyn." 
fThis  was  presently  done. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  291 

from  your  power,  as  such  an  officer  is,  in  our  opinion 
and  the  Colonel's,  necessary  for  the  service.  We  beg 
leave  to  recommend  Lieutenant  Thomas  Charlton,  a 
man  of  experience  and  reputation  in  physic,  and  who 
came  into  the  corps  under  an  idea,  that  there  was 
provision  for  such  an  appointment.  He  is  worthy  of 
the  first  post  in  that  line  in  the  Regiment;  but  being 
willing  to  serve  the  public  in  this  cause,  he  is  content 
with  the  last  rank  in  the  way  of  his  profession." 

"P.  S.  The  Rangers  perform  their  exercise  at  least 
as  well  as  the  Regulars  in  Charles  Towm'',  &c. 

Tennent's  diary:  "Tuesday  8th.  Spent  the  morn- 
ing in  preparing  matters,  to  get  people  together  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  district,  crossed  Congaree  River 
and  rode  5  miles  to  an  election  for  the  Congress,  where 
they  refused  to  proceed,  unless  we  should  enlighten 
them.  We  found  persons  had  come  a  great  way  to 
oppose  the  election.  Harangued  the  meeting  in 
turns,  until  every  man  was  convinced,  and  the  great- 
est opposer  signed  the  Association  and  begged  pardon 
for  the  words  he  had  spoken  to  the  people.  Returned 
and  found  that  Major  Mason  had  come.  N.  B.  This 
morning  about  11  o'clock  sent  off  Lieutenant  Dutar- 
que  with  the  prisoners  to  Charleston,  charged  with 
our  dispatches." 

Letter  from  Drayton  to  Council  of  Safety: 

"Congaree,  August  9,  1775. 
"jTo  the  Council  of  Safety: 

"Gentlemen: — This  afternoon  Mr.  Tennent  and  Col. 
Richardson  sat  off  upon  their  progress  on  the  north 
side  of  Broad  River.  Mr.  Kershaw,  who  came  from 
Camden  to-day,  remains  to  continue  the  progress  with 
me,  through  the  fork  between  Broad  and  Saluda 
rivers.'" 


202 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


"This  day  we  procured  a  German  audience  by  the 
means  of  a  muster  by  the  order  of  Col.  Thomson,  of 
which  we  informed  you  in  our  last.  During  our  dis^ 
courses,  the  falling  tears  from  the  audience  showed 
that  their  hearts  were  penetrated,*  and  that  we 
might  hope  for  success.  In  conclusion  all  who  were 
present  signed  the  Association,  except  fifteen  persons, 
who  mildly  desired,  nay  begged  to  consider  of  the  af- 
fair until  Friday,  when  they  would  certainly  meet  me 
at  the  place  of  divine  service.  They  have  since  as- 
sured me  they  will  subscribe.  All  persons  joined  in 
the  election,  which  we  judged  it  necessary  to  postpone 
yesterday  and  the  day  before,  as  no  persons  appeared; 
and  as  we  judged  we  had  authority  so  to  do,  as  such  a 
proceeding  tended  to  compose  the  people,  and  bind 
their  obedience  to  the  measures  of  the  Congress  by 
giving  them  an  opportunity  of  electing  Representa- 
tives after  they  understood  the  nature  of  the  dispute 
in  which  the  British  Empire  is  engaged.  1  expect  a 
large  meeting  on  Friday  next,  when  I  expect  equal 
success;  by  which  the  whole  Congaree  settlement  will 
be  made  parties  in  our  proceedings.  I  shall  then  at- 
tend two  larger  assemblies  of  the  people  on  Saturday 
and  Sunday;  and  I  have  now  no  doubt  of  success  in 
the  Dutch  settlements".! 

"I  have  drawn  an  order  upon  the  Council  in  favor  of 
Mr.  John  Chesnut  for  four  bundled  and  five  pounds, 
for  four  horses  purchased  by  Col.  Thomson  for  the 
service  of  the  progress". 

*  "What  would  I  have  given  to  have  been  a  spectator  at  the  Dutch 
crying  bout,  with  an  Hogarth's  i)encil  in  hand?  one  of  you  certainly 
must  have  been  vastly  moving,  whether  Tennent  or  yourself,  we  are 
much  at  a  loss  to  know,  for  I  find  you  have  united  the  orators  under 
the  word  we,  and  thus  confounded  religion  and  politics". — Andrew 
Marvell  to  William  Henry  Drayton. 

tHe  had  evidently  changed  his  mind  about  the  "Dutch". 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  298 

■  TenDent's  diary:  "Wednesday  9th,  Left  here  about 
7,  met  a  Company  of  militia  and  harangued  them. 
They  signed  the  Association  and  generally  promised 
to  meet  Mr.  Drayton  in  the  Fork.  After  the  meeting 
I  gained  over  in  private  the  most  obstinate.  Mr,  Ker- 
shaw now  came  to  us.  Major  James  Mason  came 
through  from  96,  and  gave  njany  melancholy  accounts. 
Having  agreed  upon  our  route,  we  separated  and  I 
rode  four  miles  to  Mr.  Beard's  on  the  Bank  of  the  Sa- 
luda, a  romantic  situation  Col.  Richardson  accompa- 
nies me". 

"Thursday  August  10th."  *  *  *  ''Reached 
Capt.  Woodward's  of  the  Rangers  after  Sun  Down,  an 
honest  man  who  informed  that  his  company  had  uni- 
versally signed". 

Andrew  Marvell,  Member  of  Council,  to  Drayton:* 
*'T  have  mentioned  youi'  request  respecting  the  vacan- 
cies in  the  Regulars,  and  the  blank  commissions  are 
forwarded  to  Thomson  by  this  conveyance." 

Tennent's  diary:  "Friday,  19th.  Capt.  Polk  now 
came.  We  find  that  he  has  laid  under  some  mistake 
as  to  his  duty".-}- 

Col,  Thomson  and  the  five  companies  of  Captains 
Wise,  Kershaw,  Goodwyn,  Richardson  and  Woodward, 
duly  met  at  the  appointed  place,  "Flechall's  old  field", 
where  they  were  soon  joined  by  Maj.  May  son  from  the 
Congarees,  and  by  the  companies  of  Captains  Imhoff 
and  Heatly.  From  this  camp  Col.  Thomson  moved, 
by  order  of  Mr.  Drayton,  to  the  "Ridge"  on  September 
8th.  In  the  meantime  Messrs  Drayton  and  Tennent 
continued  their  progress  into  the  up-country,  and  the 


*  "Charleston,  August  12th." 

fHe  had  bfeii  charged  with  treaeliery. 


294  THE  HISTORY  OF 

extracts    here   given    from    various  documents,   will 
show  how  the  work  continued: 

Drayton's  letter  to  the  Council  of  Safety,  from  Law- 
son's  Fork,  August  21,  1775:  "I  have  the  honor  to  ac- 
knowledge receipt  of  your  letters  of  11th  and  13th  in- 
stant.    They  came  to  hand  last  night,  forwarded  hy 

Col.  Thomson." 

********* 

"I  believe  Mr.  Charleton  expected  to  hold  the  lieu- 
tenant's commission  together  with  that  of  surgeori's 
mate.  I  had  forgot  the  resolution  of  Congress  respect- 
ing one  person  holding  two  commissions;  but  1  have 
acquainted  Col.  Thomson  with  the  affair,  who,  with- 
out doubt,  will  transmit  the  explanation  you  expect. 

"I  am  happy  that  you  approve  of  my  putting  off  the 
election  at  Saxe  Gotha;  and  also  that  you  have  direct- 
ed me  to  appoint  elections  for  those  places  where 
none  had  been  held.  In  my  last  of  the  16th  from. 
King's  Creek,  I  had  the  honor  to  acquaint  you,  that 
neither  of  the  districts  in  the  Fork,  between  Broad 
and  Saluda  rivers  had  held  any  election.  For  the 
lower  district*   I  have  already  acquainted  you  with 

the  day  of  election". 

********* 

"The  commissions  for  the  volunteer  companies  are 
not  come  to  hand,  but  I  suppose  they  are  with  Col. 
Thomson,  who,  in  all  probability,  will  continue  in  his 

new  camp  until  my  arrival  there." 

********* 

"Things  wearing  so  unfavorable  an  appearance, 
Colonel  Richardson,  Mr.  Kershaw,  Mr.  Tennent  and 
myself  unanimously,  thought  it  absolutely  expedient, 
to  direct  Captain  Polk  to  raise  an  additional  troop  of 
rangers  immediately  to  lie  on  the  back  of  these  peo- 

*The  "lower  district"  was  in  Orangebiirgh  District. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  295 

pie.  And  Mr.  Tennent  and  myself  have  given  direc- 
tions acfordingly.  not  doubting  but  that  the  necessity 
of  the  case  will  induce  you  to  approve  the  measure. 
Captain  Polk  came  to  us,  appeared  much  concerned 
for  his  past  conduct,  attributing  it  to  a  mistake  touch- 
ing the  station  of  the  rangers,  wiiich  he  had  thought, 
had  been  by  the  Congress  fixed  to  the  back  country 
and  frontiers.  He  has  been  since  active  in  our  favor 
as  a  person  of  influence  in  his  part  of  the  country  on 
the  back  of  Fletchall;  his  brother  is  a  man  of  great 
influence  in  Mecklenburgh,  and  ready  to  march  to  our 
assistance  when  called  upon;  and  already  Fletchall 
looked  upon  Captain  Polk  as  an  acquisition  to  his  par- 
ty. Hence,  to  bind  Captain  Polk's  brother,  and  all 
the  friends  of  both  to  us;  to  quash  FletchalFs  expecta- 
tion from  the  Captain,  and  to  have  a  troop  of  rangers 
on  the  back  of  FletchalFs  people  to  watch  their  mo- 
tions, we  all  thought  it  absolutely  necessary  to  direct 
the  raising  of  this  additional  troop,  as  we  apprehend- 
ed you  would  consider  Captain  Polk's  letter  and  con- 
duct as  a  resignation  of  his  commission,  and  that  you 
had  already  disposed  of  it.  In  short,  we  have  given 
Captain  Polk  such  a  lesson,  which  he  has  received 
with  all  due  submission,  as  I  believe  will  render  him 
more  obedient  to  orders,  than  he  has  been." 

"Within  twelve  days,  I  purpose  to  be  at  Colonel 
Thomson's  camp,  where  1  think  it  will  be  advisable 
that  I  should  remain  till  I  shall  see  every  spark  of  in- 
surrection extinguished;  but  in  regard  to  this,  I  shall 
regulate  myself  by  your  orders  on  the  subject  which  I 
hope  to  receive  by  the  time  T  arrive  at  the  camp". 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  Maj.  An- 
drew Williamson,'  of  the  Ninety-Six  militia,  to  Capt. 
Caldwell,  of  the  3rd  regiment: 


296  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"White  Hall,  August  21,  1775. 

"Dear  Sir: — I  just  now  received  a  letter  from  Col. 
Thompson  and  Major  Mayson,  dated  the  10th  iust.,  at 
the  Oongarees,  informing  me  that  they  learn  of  a  body 
of  men  going  from  our  regiment  and  headed  by  some 
of  the  disaffected  about  Stephen's  Creek,  to  attack  Au- 
gusta. They  desire  me  to  give  you  every  intelligence 
for  the  defence  of  Fort  Charlotte,  that  you  may  be  on 
your  guard.  I  have  heard  nothing  as  yet  of  the  above 
report,  but  you  may  depend  upon  it  that  if  ever  they 
make  such  an  attempt  they  will  have  Fort  Charlotte 
in  their  view. 

"I  would  take  the  liberty  to  advise  you,  if  you 
should  hear  anything  of  the  above  report— that  Cap- 
tain Taylor  w^ould  order  some  of  his  Company  to  rein- 
force the  post. 

"I  think  it  would  not  be  amiss  to  send  one  of  your 
men,  you  can  put  the  most  confidence  in,  to  watch  the 
motion  of  the  disaffected  about  Stephen's  Creek,  and 
the  Pine-a-wood  House.  If  I  learn  any  thing  from  this 
quarter  you  may  depend  upon  me  letting  you  know 
immediately — the  privater  this  is  kept  the  better.  1 
this  moment  send  an  express  from  the  Council  of  Safe- 
ty to  Mr.  Hammond.  Excuse  me  taking  the  liberty  of 
dictating  to  you.     I  am,  dear  sir, 

"Your  most  obedient  humble  servt., 

"A.  Williamson. 
''Captain  John  Cahhrell,  ('<)nnii<ni(lani  af  Fort  Charlotte.''' 

Extracts  from  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  Drayton,  "At 
Mr.  Hammond's,  near  Augusta,  Aug.  30,  1775": 

"By  various  accounts  that  1  received  on  the  road 
yesterday  afternoon,  last  night,  and  this  morning,  it' 
appears  to  be  a  fact  that  Kirkland*  is  actually  in  arms 

*Moses  Kirkland,  of  the  fork  between  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers,  who 
hud  been  elected  a  captain  in  the  Rangers,  but  had  turned  traitor. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  297 

to  attack  Augusta  and  Fort  Charlotte.  The  King's 
men  as  they  are  called  were  summoned  to  meet  yes- 
terday at  a  place  about  twenty  niiles  from  hence;  they 
separated  last  night,  and  I"  am  informed  they  will 
meet  again  in  two  or  three  days.  They  have  been 
very  diligent  in  obtaining  arms.  Cunningham  and 
Brown  are  of  the  pai-ty. 

"In  this  situation  of  affairs,  by  virtue  of  your  letter 
of  the  eleventh  instant,  I  have  ordered  out  three  com- 
panies nenr  this  place  to  assemble  immediately,  and 
who  will  be  joined  by  one  hundred  men  from  Augusta. 
I  have  ordered  Major  Williamson  to  march  with  three 
hundred  men  to  Harden's  Ford  on  Savannah  River 
about  thirty  miles  above  this  place.  I  have  also  or- 
dered Col.  Thomson  to  march  his  Rangers,  and  as  near 
three  hundred  militia  as  he  can,  and  take  post  at  the 
Ridge;  and  Col.  Richardson,  with  three  hundred  men, 
to  take  post  near  the  mouth  of  Enoree,  to  be  a  check 
on  Fletchall's  people,  in  case  they  should  show  any  in- 
tention of  assisting  Kirkland". 

Mr.  Tennent's  diary  of  about  the  same  date  says: 
"This  evening  our  little  detachment  of  200  men 
marched  about  eight  miles  to  Foxes  Creek,  having 
news  that  Major  Williamson  was  on  his  way  to  96. 
and  Col.  Thomson  in  full  march  with  the  Rangers  and 
Militia  to  join  them*'. 

The  following  is  an  order  issued  by  Mr.  Tennent  to 
Capt.  John  Caldwell  comnjanding  a  detachment  of 
the  3rd  regiment,  and  some  militiamen,  at  Fort  Char- 
lotte: 

''Long  Canes,  September,  1775. 
'To  Capt.  John  Caldwell,  at  present  in  Fori  Charlotte: 

"Sir:-  This  is  to  dii-ect  you  to  employ  six  workmen 
to  build  platforms  for  Hghting  the  cannon  and  small 
arms  in  the  Fort  you  at  present  command,  and  as  ex- 


298  THE  HISTORY  OF 

peditiously  as  possible,  to  put  it  into  the  repair  direct- 
ed by  orders  from  Major  Mason,  bearing  date  August 
6th,  1775,  now  in  your  possession.  You  are  to  emploj^ 
the  men  under  your  command  to  assist  the  workmen 
in  the  labor.  You  are  also  ordered  to  )nount  two  of 
the  best  four-pounders  on  high  wheels,  that  they  be 
fit  for  either  field  or  fort  service,  as  need  may  require 
— shafts  and  collars  being  provided  for  them  that  they 
may  be  easily  drawn  with  horses.  For  these  you  are 
to  provide  two  ammunition  boxes,  cartridges,  fuses, 
and  all  that  may  be  needful  for  a  march,  and  so  fitted 
as  to  fasten  on  the  carriages.  Take  great  care  that  no 
man  enter  the  Fort  on  any  pretence,  that  you  do  not 
know  and  in  whom  you  cannot  place  confidence.  Be 
much  upon  your  guard  against  surprise,  especially  in 
the  night;  for  this  purpose,  as  often  as  convenient, 
order  out  advanced  sentinels  and  patrols.  You  are  to 
clear  away  the  standing  corn  to  some  distance  from 
the  Fort,  and  insist  that  the  corn  which  is  left  be 
bladed  and  topped,  nor  leave  any  cover  that  may  hide 
an  enemy.  In  case  of  an  alarm,  and  when  the  ap- 
proach of  an  enemy  is  no  longer  dubious,  you  are  to 
fire  three  cannon  towards  the  thickest  settlements  as 
a  signal;  communicating  timely  notice  of  the  same  to 
the  volunteer  and  other  companies  of  militia  that 
they  may  understand  it,  which  companies  are  hereby 
ordered  immediately  to  assemble  and  march  under 
the  command  of  their  respective  officers  to  your  re- 
lief, or  so  to  annoy  the  enemy  as  the  service  may  re- 
quire. And,  whereas,  there  is  a  great  scarcity  of  am- 
munition among  the  militia,  and  an  attack  from  In- 
dians is  to  be  apprehended,  you  are  directed  to  give 
out  150  lbs.  weight  of  the  powder,  and  lead  in  propor- 
tion, under  your  care  to  the  captains  of  the  volunteer 
and  other  militia  companies  in  the  upper  part  of  this 
district,  who  have  associated,  taking  a  receipt  from 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  299 

them,  and  directing  them  so  to  dispose  it  among  their 
men,  as  that  it  may  be  returned  upon  demand  when 
it  shall  be  apprehended  that  the  danger  is  over.  But 
when  a  supply  of  fresh  powder  shall  be  sent  up  by  the 
Council  of  Safety,  you  are  to  exchange  the  fresh  pow- 
der pound  for  pound  for  the  old  pow^derthat  you  have 
already  given  out  to  as  many  as  offer  the  same  for  an 
exchange.  You  are  also  ordered  to  dismiss  your 
horses  for  the  present,  and  not  hazard  your  men  by  a 
grass  guard;  but  the  horses  are  not  to  be  sent  to  such 
a  distance  as  that  they  cannot  be  commanded  within 
the  space  of  a  day  and  a  half." 

From  "St.  Mathew's  Parish,  Sept.  10,  1775",  Mr. 
Tennent  wrote  the  following  to  the  ''Council  of  Safety 
in  Savannah'" :  "Being  on  my  return  from  the  frontiers 
of  South  Carolina,  where  the  Honorable  Mr.  Drayton 
and  myself  were  sent  by  the  Council  of  Safety  of  our 
Province,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  acquaint  you  that 
there  exists  in  those  parts  a  most  dangerous  conspira- 
cy against  the  lives  and  liberties  of  these  Colonies. 
Encouraged  by  Government  and  by  the  tories  in  your 
town  and  in  Charlestown  they  have  gone  to  great 
lengths.  They  do  not  hesitate  to  boast  that  they  are 
furnished  with  ammunition  and  that  even  artillery 
are  at  their  service  any  day.  This  I  have  by  a  trusty 
friend  from  Cunningham's  mouth.  I  have  great  rea- 
son to  think  that  they  are  mistaken  when  they  boast 
of  many  thousands  ready  to  come  down  at  the  Gover- 
nor's signal — but  that  they  have  some  hundreds  actu- 
ally enlisted,  if  not  under  pay,  1  make  not  the  least 
doubt.  That  they  depend  upon  the  Cherokee  nation 
to  join  their  camp  when  it  forms,  and  have  great 
hopes  of  the  Creeks,  they  do  not  pretend  to  keep  any 
longer  a  secret.  I  am  in  possession  of  an  affidavit  by 
which  it  appears  that  the  malcontents  on  the  frontiers 


300  THE  HISTORY  OF 

expect  to  gather  into  forts,  and  suffer  the  savages  to 
pass  on  and  massacre  the  associated  inhabitants.  By 
these  circumstances,  you  gentlemen,  will  see  the  ne- 
cessity of  an  immediate  effort  to  crush  the  sedition, 
and  save  an  effusion  of  innocent  blood  to  the  danger 
of  these  Provinces,  and  especially  of  the  aid  which  you 
have  already  given  to  that  important  measure.  It 
will  be  prudent  to  have  at  least  one  thousand  five 
hundred,  if  not  two  thousand  men,  at  hand  when  it  is 
done;  and  a  number  not  far  short  of  that  is,  I  hope, 
by  this  time  in  motion  in  the  unhappy  district."* 

Drayton's  letter,  of  Sept.  11th,  from  Ninety-Six,  de- 
tails fears  of  an  attack  by  Fletchall.  He  says;  "I  im- 
mediately consulted  with  Major  Mason,  Major  Wil- 
liamson, and  Capt.  Hammond.  We  had  a  choice  of 
three  steps;  to  retreat  towards  Col.  Thomson  then  at 
the  Ridge — to  defend  Ninety-Six  or  to  march  and  am- 
buscade the  enemy."  After  detailing  his  arrange- 
ments for  resisting  this  expected  attack  he  goes  on: 
"Fletchall,  Brown  and  Cunningham  have  been,  since 
the  first  alarm  that  I  wrote  you  of,  and  still  are  en- 
deavoring to  assemble  men,  as  they  yet  have  no  force 
embodied;  it  is  plain  their  influence  is  declining,  and 
that  their  people  are  terrified.  And  this  last,  I  assure 
you,  is  a  fact.  They  never  dreamed  we  would  take 
the  field;  they  thought  their  boast  of  4.000  would  en- 
sure their  security  against  us.  And  T  have  well 
grounded  information,  that  the  assembling  they  are 
now  endeavoring  to  make,  is  with  a  view  to  make 
terms  of  accommodation,  so  as  they  may  be  quiet  and 
trade  in  Charles  Town,  rather  than  with  any  design 
of  fighting.  I  think  Cunningham  had  only  an  hun- 
dred men  at  the  meeting  which  gave  occasion  for  our 

*The  regiments  of  Thomson,  Richardson,  &<•. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  SOI 

late  alarm;*  and  even  these,  I  have  received  certain 
intelligence,  have  no  determination.  In  three  days  I 
shall  begin  to  march  into  the  heart  of  FletchaU's  quar- 
ters with  about  800  men  and  6  pieces  of  canon.  I  can 
now,  in  all  human  probability,  promise  to  you,  that 
this  cruel  opposition  will  be  crushed  without  blood 
spilt  in  battle;  and  if  I  shall  be  unhappily  mistaken 
on  this  point^ — the  opposition,  to  all  human  appear- 
ance, will  be  rooted  out  without  risk  on  our  side." 

"P.  S.  I  expect  Col.  Thomson  will  arrive  here  to- 
morrow morning." 

How  much  of  a  prophet  Mr.  Drayton  was,  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  three  days  later,  on  September  16th, 
1775,  a  treaty  was  signed  at  Ninety-Six,  between 
Drayton  and  the  Tories,  whereby  the  Tories  promised 
to  disperse  and  remain  neutral,  and  to  deliver  up  any 
one  of  their  number  who  should  in  any  way  violate 
the  treaty.  And  it  was  further  agreed  that,  "all  per- 
sons who  shall  not  consider  themselves  as  bound  by 
this  treaty  must  abide  by  the  consequences".  Col. 
Thomson  and  Capt.  Kershaw  were  present  on  this  oc- 
casion, and  signed  as  witnesses  to  the  treaty. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  the  report  which 
Mr.  Drayton  sent  the  next  day  to  the  Council  of  Safe- 
ty: "On  Tuesday  I  found,  that  the  100  men  Cunning- 
ham had  on  Sunday  were  but  the  first  of  a  large  par- 
ty that  had  been  summoned  to  meet  at  Neal's  Mill, 
about  ten  miles  over  Saluda.  About  3  o'clock  on 
Tuesday  afternoon,  I  was  joined  at  Ninety-Six  by  Col. 
Thomson  and  a  few  of  his  militia.  It  was  Wednesday 
before  I  was  joined  by  any  of  Major  Williamson's  reg- 
iment, and  it  was  Thursday  before  I  was  joined  by 


*This  is  juK.tlier  evidence  of  the  fact  that  the  Tories  were  few  in 
number. 


302  THE  HISTORY  OF 

any  considerable  number  of  it.  hi  the  mean  time,  the 
enemy  increased  in  numbers,  at  least  as  fast  as  I  did, 
and  by  the  best  accounts  I  could  depend  upon,  they 
increased  faster.  Fletchall  joined  them  on  Tuesday 
night.  In  the  mean  time,  on  Tuesday  evening  I 
placed  all  the  troops  in  camp,  about  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  from  Ninety-Six.  I  caused  the  most  exact  order 
to  be  observed,  even  in  an  army  composed  of  militia 
in  a  manner.  The  advanced  posts  are  regularly  and 
punctually  kept  all  around  the  camp;  and  it  is  not 
only  surprising,  but  it  must  be  animating  to  the  peo- 
ple of  this  country,  that  this  army,  never  in  service 
before,  and  now  about  1,100  strong,  obey  punctually, 
keep  good  order  in  camp,  are  cheerful  and  content — 
even  although  we  have  had  constant  rains  since  we 
have  been  encamped.  Till  yesterday,  this  army  did 
not  exceed  900  strong,  and  by  the  best  accounts  I 
could  learn,  Fletchall's  camp  removed  to  about  four 
miles  on  the  other  side  Saluda,  contained  from  1,200  to 
1,400  badly  armed  and  under  no  order  or  command. 
Our  people  were  impatient  to  be  led  against  them — 
but  as  I  saw  if  I  advanced  to  attack,  many  lives  must 
be  lost,  and  I  found  I  had  a  perfect  command  over  our 
people,  and  could  keep  them  together  as  long  as  I 
pleased — as  I  had  every  reason  to  think  the  enemy 
being  under  no  command,  and  having  no  regular  sup- 
plies of  provision,  and  the  weather  being  bad,  that 
they  could  not  keep  long  together,  and  that  having 
their  greatest  influx,  their  numbers  would  then  ebb 
and  diminish;  these  considerations  determined  me, 
with  the  perfect  appiobation  of  Col.  Thomson,  Maj. 
Williamson  and  Capt.  Hammond,  to  continue  en- 
camped, and  to  watch  their  motions.  With  this  view, 
I  put  every  thing  in  practice  to  persuade  the  enemy 
that  I  would  persevere  in  this  plan;  and,  among  other 
devices,  I  sent  a  letter  directed  to  Col.  Richardson,  in 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  303 

order  that  they  should  intercept  it.  I  put  forth  a 
declaration  on  the  13th,  which  I  inclose,  together  with 
the  affidavit  on  w  hich  T  grounded  it.  The  declaration 
was  publicly  read  in  their  camp  the  next  day.  This, 
together  with  a  series  of  negociations,  procured  a  dep- 
utation froui  their  camp  to  me:  and  yesterday  the 
deputies  being  in  my  camp,  I  drew  up,  and,  with  them, 
signed  the  enclosed  instrument  dated  the  16th  of  Sep- 
tember." 

"With  this  treaty,  the  spirit  of  discord  is  gone  forth 
among  them,  and  there  is  now  a  great  quarrel  between 
Fletchall  and  Cunningham.  All  the  people  in  a  man- 
ner approve  of  Fletchall's  conduct,  and  they  are,  this 
morning,  all  gone  off  with  him.  Cunningham  is  now 
left  at  their  camp  with  only  about  60  men,  who,  I  sup- 
pose, will  soon  disperse.  I  am  persuaded  Fletchall 
and  his  people  will  be  true,  and  I  make  no  doubt  but 
that  the  affair  is  now  crushed.  I  have  employed  peo- 
ple to  watch  Cunningham,  and  if  he  offends,  he  will  be 
delivered  up  or  taken  by  us  to  be  proceeded  against. 
Kirkland  stands  excepted  from  the  benefit  of  the  trea- 
ty*— they  have  nothing  to  do  with  him,  they  disclaim 
all  communication  with  him.  And  I  continue  to  pur- 
sue him.     It  is  apprehended  he  may  get  on  board  the 

man-of-war."f 

********* 

"1  mean  to  stay  here  with  the  rangers  some  days". 
*  *  *  ■••  *  "In  the  mean  time,  I  shall, 
to-morrow^,  send  off  a  company  of  rangers,  in  order  to 
quiet  the  fears  of  the  people  above,  but  with  orders 
not  to  advance  anything  near  the  Indian  line". 

*Kirklaiid  signed  the  Association,  accepted  a  captain's  conmiission 
in  tlie  Colony  regiment  of  rangers  (the  3rd  regiment),  deserted,  and 
afterwards  endeavored  to  be  chosen  a  delegate  for  Ninety-Six  District, 
wliich  he  never  accomplished,  bnt  tinally  tied  the  Colony. 

fWhich  he  did. 


304  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Col.  Thomson  left  seven  companies  at  Ninety-Six 
with  orders  to  march  farther  back  into  the  country, 
but  not  to  go  within  fifteen  miles  of  the  Indian  coun- 
try, and  after  that,  to  repair  to  their  homes  in  order 
to  recruit  themselves  and  their  horses,  and  finally  to 
join  him  in  camp  at  Amelia  on  the  24th  of  October. 

Nothing  more  now  remaining  for  Mr.  Drayton  to  do, 
he  returned  to  Charlestown,  but  a  portion  of  the  arm- 
ed force  was  left  in  the  fork  to  watch  the  movements 
of  the  Tories;  and  on  Nov.  2nd  Col.  Richardson  wrote 
the  following,  from  his  camp  near  McLaurin's,  to  the 
Council  of  Safety:  "I  am  now  joined  by  Col.  Thomas 
with  about  two  hundred,  Col.  Neel  as  many.  Col. 
Lyles  about  one  hundred,  together  with  Col.  Thom- 
son's regiments  of  rangers  and  militia,  with  my  own, 
may  make  in  the  whole  about  2,500;  and  1  received, 
last  night,  accounts  of  Col,  Polk  being  near  with  six 
hundred.  An  army,  if  it  was  a  favorable  time  of  the 
year  might  go  or  do  anything  requii-ed,  wliich  I  hope 
we  shall.  I  hear  of  their  moving  about,  but  yet  have 
made  no  opposition." 

Everything  appearing  quiet  some  of  the  troops  went 
to  their  homes,  but  scarcely  had  they  reached  them 
before  the  troubles  in  Ninety-Six  District  broke  out 
afresh.  Capt.  Robert  Cuningham,  a  man  of  wealth 
and  influence  in  the  District,  having  refused  to  be 
bound  by  the  treaty,  was  arrested  and  taken  to  Charles- 
town,  Immediately  bis  brother  Patrick  laised  a  party, 
and  attempted  to  overtake  the  officers  having  him  in 
charge,  for  the  purpose  of  rescuing  him.  Failing  in 
this  they  seized  upon  some  powder  which  the  Council 
of  Safety  was  just  then  sending  through  their  District 
to  the  Cherokee  Indians,  and  made  prisoners  of  the 
guard  of  twenty  rangers  and  the  officers. 

The  following  aflidavit,  to  be  found  on  page  97  of 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  305 

Moultrie's  Menioii's,  gives  an  accurate  account  of  the 
seizure: 

"■South  CaroliuH,      \ 
"Ninety-six  District.  ( 

'"Personally  appeared  before  nie, 
James  Mayson,  one  of  his  majesty's  justices  of  the 
peace,  for  the  district  aforesaid:  Moses  Cotter,  of  the 
Congarees,  waggoner,  who  being  duly  sworn  on  the 
holy  evangelist,  of  Almighty  (Tf)d,  makes  oath,  and 
says,  that  on  Tuesday  morning  last,  at  about  9  o'clock 
he  left  the  Congarees,  with  his  waggon,  containing  the 
ammunition  that  was  delivered  him  in  Charlestown, 
by  the  honorable  the  council  of  safety,  to  carry  to 
Keowee  under  an  escort  of  Col.  Thomson's  rangers 
consisting  of  Lieut.  Col.*  Charleton  and  Mr.  Uriah 
Goodwin,  a  cadet,  2  sergeants  and  18  privates,  and 
continued  on  their  journey  there,  without  the  least 
molestatit)n  or  interruption,  until  about  noon  this  day, 
when  the  deponent  perceiving  some  men  on  horse- 
back, ahead  of  the  waggon,  came  towards  hira:  a  few 
minutes  after,  two  of  Patrick  Cunningham's  men, 
coming  up  to  the  deponent  and  asking  him  what  he 
had  in  his  waggon,  the  deponent  answered,  rum: 
Then  up  came  a  large  body  of  armed  men.  in  number, 
I  suppose,  at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty,  headed  by 
Patrick  Cunningham  and  Ja(*ob  Bowman.  Cunning- 
ham ordered  his  men  to  hair,  and  then  came  up  to 
the  deponent  and  said,  I  order  you  to  stop  your  wag- 
gon in  his  majesty's  name,  as  1  understand  you  have 
ammunition  for  the  Indians  to  kill  us.  and  1  am  come 
on  purpose  to  take  it  in  his  majesty's  name.  He  then 
ordered  the  deponent  to  take  off  his  waggon  cloth, 
which  he  r-efused;  upon  which  Cunningham  mounted 
the   waggon  himself,  loosed  the  strings  of  the  cloth. 

*He  WHSoiilv  !i  liiMihiiaiit. 


806  THE  HISTORY  OF 

and  took  up  a  keg  of  the  powder;  'there,'  said  he,  'is 
what  we  are  in  search  of.'  I  immediately  took  the 
keg  from  him  and  laid  it  in  the  waggon.  Cunningham 
said,  'it  is  in  vain  for  you  to  attempt  to  hinder  us  from 
taking  this  animiinition,  as  you  have  no  arms;'  then 
he  handed  out  every  keg  to  his  men  who  were  along- 
side the  waggon  and  prepared  with  bags  to  receive  it; 
after  they  finished  with  the  powder,  he,  with  Messrs 
Griffin  and  Owen,  and  several  others,  took  out  the 
lead  which  they  unfolded,  cut  into  small  pieces  with 
their  tomahawk's,  and  distributed  it  among  the  men. 
When  the  rangers  were  at  some  distance  behind  the 
waggon,  and  were  riding  up  i>retty  fast,  Cunning- 
ham's party  said,  'there  comes  the  liberty  caps;  damn 
their  liberty  caps,  we  will  soon  blow  them  to  hell';  and 
such  like  scurrilous  language.  Cunningham's  men,  as 
soon  as  Lieut.  Charleton  came  up  wnth  his  guard,  re- 
treated behind  trees  on  the  road  side,  and  called  out  to 
him  to  stop  and  not  to  advance  one  step  further,  other- 
wise they  would  blow  out  his  brains;  at  the  same 
time,  a  gun  was  fired  by  one  of  their  men,  but  did  no 
damage.  Lieut,  Charleton,  with  his  men,  were  soon 
surrounded  by  the  opposite  party,  with  their  rifles 
presented,  who  said,  'don't  move  a  step;  deliver  up 
your  arms,  otherwise  we  will  immediately  fire  upon 
you.'  Lieut.  Charleton  continued  moving  on,  when 
Cunningham's  men  marched  up  to  him,  with  their 
rifles  presented  at  him,  and  repeated,  'deliver  up  your 
arms  without  moving  one  step  further,  or  you  are  a 
dead  man;'  they  then  took  his  arms,  together  with 
his  men's;  afterwards  they  tied  Lieut.  Charleton,  Mr. 
Goodwin,  and  William  Witherford,  a  private,  by  their 
arms. 

"Lieut.  Charleton  seemed  very  much  displeased  at 
their  behavior,  and  said  'he  would  rather  have  been 
shot,  than  used  in  such  a  manner,  had  he  expected  it; 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  307 

that  be  did  not  value  his  own  life:  thought  he  had 
acted  prudent  by  not  onleiing  his  men  to  fire  on  them, 
as  it  would  be  throwing  away  their  lives,  without  an- 
swering any  good  pui[iose;  especially  as  their  party 
were  so  numerous,  that  he  was  sorry  to  see  them  be- 
have in  such  a  base  manner,  and  that  he  would  very 
willingly  turn  out  his  party  against  twice  the  number 
of  theirs,  and  give  them  battle:'  Cunningham  and 
Bowman,  some  little  time  after  asked  Lieut.  Charle- 
ton.  'whether  if  they  wei'e  to  unloose  him  he  would 
be  upon  his  honor,  not  to  go  off:'  to  which  he  replied. 
*I  scorn  to  run,  and  all  your  force  cannot  make  me;' 
they  then  marched  off  with  the  ammunition,  and  the 
'prisoners,'  (as  they  called  them,)  and  left  the  depo- 
nent, desiring  him  to  return  to  the  Congarees:  but  as 
soon  as  they  were  out  of  sight  he  took  a  horse  from 
out  the  waggon  and  came  to  Ninety-six.  to  inform 
me  of  what  had  happened,  and  where  he  arrived  this 
night  about  8  o'clock.  This  unfortunate  accident  of 
taking  the  ammunition,  happened  IS  miles  below 
Ninety-six. 

'"Moses  Cotter. 

'"Sworn,  before  me,  this  /    i,  .,.^,  Mo,,u^..i    t   p  "' 
oi     £ \t        irv^r  '  ;   James  iVlavson,  J.  r. 

3d  of  Nov.  17^5.  ^  * 

The  news  of  this  insurrection  being  laid  before  the 
Provincial  Congress,  that  body,  on  the  7th  of  Novem- 
ber, ordered  Col.  Richardson  forthwith  to  assemble 
six  companies  of  rangers.  Captain  Ezekiel  Polk's  com- 
pany of  volunteers,  draughts  of  militia  from  Richard- 
son's, Thomson's,*  Savage's,  Neel's  and  Thomas's  regi- 
ments, and  with  such  troops  pursue  such  instructions 
as  should,  from  time  to  time,  by  order  of  the  Congress, 

*At  the  time  that  Col.  Thomson  was  made  lieiiteiiaiit-ooloiiel  of  the 
Haufiers,  he  eommaixh-d  tlie  militia  ivj>iment  of  Oraiijidniijih  Dis- 
trict. < 'hristoph«T  l{o\vc  was  lieiitenant-coloiicl,  ami  Lewis  (Jolson 
major. 


308  THE  HISTORY  OF 

or  the  Council  of  Safety  for  the  time  being,  be  signi- 
fied to  him  by  the  President. 

In  the  meantime,  Maj.  Andrew  Williamson  had,  as 
soon  as  he  heai-d  of  this  seizure,  begun  to  enjbody  the 
militia  for  the  purpose  of  recovering  tlie  powder  and 
lead,  and  of  apprehending  the  oifenders.  The  Council 
of  Safety  at  once  thanked  Maj.  Williamson  for  em- 
bodying the  militia,  advised  him  of  the  instructions 
that  had  been  given  to  Col.  Hichardson,  and  directed 
him,  with  the  militia  under  his  command,  to  act 
against  the  insurgents  with  the  utmost  vigor. 

Major  Williamson  lay  encamped  near  Ninety-Six 
for  almost  two  weeks,  receiving  the  militia  who  came 
in,  and  waiting  for  the  rangers.  The  Tories  were  dili- 
gent on  their  part,  and  by  circulating  a  report  to  the 
effect  that  the  Council  of  Safety  had  intended  the  am- 
munition which  was  seized,  for  the  Indians  to  murder 
the  whites  with,  they  gained  a  considerable  following. 
But  notwithstanding  their  force,  Maj.  Williamson  did 
not  believe  that  they  would  dare  attack  him;  and  he 
continued  encamped  in  this  persuasion,  until  the  18th 
of  November,  when,  in  the  evening  of  that  day,  he  re- 
ceived certain  information,  that  the  insurgents  were 
in  full  march  upon  him;  and  that  they  were  actually 
crossing  Saluda  river  in  order  to  attack  him.  At  this 
time.  Major  Mayson,  who  had  been  in  the  neighbor- 
hood with  thirty-seven  of  the  rangers,  joined  Major 
Williamson.  Maj.  Williamson  would  have  marched 
to  attack  their  camp  in  the  night,  but  was  overruled 
by  Major  Mayson  and  a  council  of  war,  who  preferred 
to  erect  breast-works,  and  fortify  themselves  near  the 
Ninety-Six  court  house  and  jail.  It  was  also  hoped, 
that  by  taking  this  position,  opportunities  would  be 
furnished  for  reinforcements  of  militia,  and  of  Col. 
Thomson's  arriving  with  the  remainder  of  his  rangers. 
Hardly  had  their  foi-titications  been  erected,  when  the 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  309 

enemy  appeared  in  force,  at  about  eleven  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  the  19th  of  November,  and  taking 
possession  of  tiie  conrt  house  and  jail,  they  advanced 
troops,  ajid  completely  invested  the  stockade  fort. 
Maj.  Williamson  then  dispatched  an  officer  with  a  flag 
to  Maj.  Joseph  liobinson  and  Captain  Patrick  Cun- 
ningham, who  appeared  to  be  the  leaders,  and  de- 
manded their  intentions:  but  they  refused  to  confer 
with  anyone  save  the  con)manding  officers.  Major 
Mayson  and  Captain  John  Bowie  were  then  sent  out, 
and  they  were  met  midway  between  tlie  two  parties 
by  Robinson.  Cuningham  and  Evan  McLaurin*  on 
the  part  of  the  enemy.  The  Tories  insisted  upon  an 
immediate  surrender  of  arms,  and  a  disbanding  of 
the  assembled  militia.  Just  as  Major  Mayson  and 
Capt.  Bowie  had  returned  to  the  fort  and  made  their 
report,  the  Tories  seized  two  of  Williamson's  men: 
upon  which  Major  Williamson  gave  orders  to  rescue 
them  and  a  general  tiring  commenced  from  the  fort, 
which  v\as  answered  by  the  Tories.  For  two  hours 
and  a  half  the  firing  on  both  sides  was  incessant,  but 
from  that  time  until  night,  it  was  less  severe.  During 
the  night,  the  fort  kept  up  a  firing  to  discourage  any 
attempt  on  the  part  of  the  besiegers  to  fire  the  fort. 
On  the  next  day  (Monday),  almost  as  heavy  a  fire  was 
commenced,  and  continued,  as  had  lieen  kept  up  the 
afternoon  before:  and  the  besiegers  endeavored  to  use 
mantilets  which  they  had  constructed,  for  the  purpose 
of  approaching  the  fort,  to  fire  it:  but  not  being  able 
to  advance  them  so  as  to  cover  their  approaches,  they 
were  destroyed.     The  firing,  however,  only  slackened 

*N()iie  of  those  who  had  ssi^iied  tlu'  treaty  of  Nitiety-Six,  on  ►Sep- 
tember Ifith,  when  William  Henry  Drayton  hrought  them  to  terms, 
took  any  open  part  in  this  affair,  save  McLaurin,  who,  with  the 
treachery  charaeteristie  of  his  clan,  had  violated  the  treaty  which  he 
liad  signed  on  that  occasion. 


310  THE  HISTORY  OF 

with  the  night,  and  on  Tuesday  it  was  recommenced, 
and  continued  until  about  sunset,  when  the  Tories 
displayed  a  white  flag  from  the  jail,  tuid  called  a  par- 
ley. Strange  to  say,  the  Tories  then  sent  a  messenger 
to  again  demand  a  surrender.  To  tliis  demand  Capt. 
Bowie  carried  a  negative  answer,  and  in  two  hours  he 
returned  with  ('apt.  Cuningham,  who  went  into  the 
fort  and  fully  discussed  the  matter  with  the  command- 
ing officers;  after  which  it  was  determined  that  a  con- 
ference should  take  place  the  next  morning.  At  the 
conference  the  next  morning  it  was  agreed  that  hos- 
tilities should  cease.  The  following  is  a  copy  of  the 
treaty  signed  upon  that  occasion:* 

•'1st.  That  hostilities  shall  immediately  cease  on 
both  sides. 

''2nd.  That  Major  Williamson  and  Major  Mayson 
shall  march  their  men  out  of  the  Fort  and  deliver  up 
their  swivels.f 

"3rd.  That  the  Fort  shall  be  destroyed  flat  without 
damaging  the  houses  therein,  under  the  inspection  of 
Capt.  Patrick  Cunninghanj  and  John  Bowie,  Esq.,  and 
the  well  filled  up. 

"4th.  That  the  differences  between  the  people  of 
this  District  and  others  disagreeing  about  the  present 
public  measures  shall  be  submitted  to  his  Excellency, 
our  Governor,  and  the  Council  of  Safety,  and  for  that 
purpose  that  each  party  shall  send  dispatches  to  their 
superiors — that  the  dispatches  shall  be  sent  unsealed 


*Gibbes's  Docuiueiitary  Hisstory,  1764 — 177H,  jjage.s  214,  215;  Dni.y- 
ton's  Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  pages  148,  149. 

fBy  a  secret  article  of  the  treaty  it  was  agreed  that  tiie  swivels 
should  be  returned  in  a  day  or  two.  Tliis  mock  surrender  of  swiv- 
els was  agreed  upon  by  the  leaders  to  appease  a  large  party  of  the  l)e- 
siegers,  who  insisted,  that  if  the  swivels  were  not  given  up,  they 
would  abide  l>v  no  articles. — Drayton's  Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  page  120. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  311 

and  the  niesseiigei*  of  each  part}^  shall  pass  unmolest- 
ed. 

"5th.  That  Major  Hobinson  shall  withdraw  his  men 
over  Saluda,  and  there  keep  them  embodied  or  dis- 
perse them  as  he  pleaseth  until  his  Excellency's  or- 
ders be  known. 

"6th.  That  no  person  of  either  part}^  shall  in  the 
meantime  be  molested  by  the  other  party  either  in 
going  home  or  otherwise. 

"7th.  Should  any  reinforcements  arrive  to  Major 
Williamson  or  Major  Mayson,  they  also  shall  be  bound 
by  this  cessati(m. 

"Sth.  That  twenty  days  be  allowed  for  the  return 
of  the  messengers. 

"9th.  That  all  prisoners  taken  by  either  party  since 
the  second  day  of  this  instant  shall  be  immediately 
set  at  liberty. 

"In  witness  whereof  the  parties  to  these  articles 
have  set  their  hands  and  seals  at  Ninety-six  this  twen- 
ty-second day  of  Novetnber,  one  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five,  and  in  the  .sixteenth  year  of  his 
Majesty's  reign. 

"Present,  Joseph  Robinson. 

"Patrick  Cunningham.  A.  Wm.  Son. 

"Richard  Pearis.  James  Mayson. 

"Andrew  Pickens. 
"John  Bowie." 

On  the  24th.  Major  Mayson  directed  a  letter  to  Col. 
Thomson  detailing  an  account  of  the  siege  and  treaty: 
and  on  the  25th  Maj.  Willianison  wrote  Mr.  Drayton 

*  "Major  Robinson's  mess('n<;t'r,  or  a  ihtsou  who  pretfiids  to  he  the 
messetifier,  and  ealls  hijnself  Flo.vd,  lias  ai»i)eare<l  before  ns,  and  de- 
dared  tliat  heinji' dnink,  he  liad  h)st  all  liis  papers  at  ()ran,u('bur<>-." 
—  Kxtraet  from  letter  of  Henry  Laurens  to  Maj.  Andrew  Williamson, 
.Journal  of  (V>uneil,  Dee.  ")th,  177"),  Colleetions  S.  (".  Hist.  Soe.,  Vol. 
in,  i)aKe4,s. 


812  THE  HISTORY  OF 

an  account  of  the  affair,  in  which  he  stated  that  Maj. 
Mayson  with  thirty-seven  of  the  rangers,  were  with 
him;*  and  by  the  '"Report  of  the  Militia  and  Volun- 
teers on  duty  in  the  Fortified  Oanjp  at  Ninety-Six  on 
Sunday  the  Nineteenth  November,  1775,  under  the 
Command  of  Major  Andrew  Williamson,  by  order  of 
the  Honorable  the  Provincial  Congress."}-  it  appears 
that  Lieutenant  Hugh  Middleton,of  the  3rd  regiment, 
and  two  privates  of  his  company  were  also  there. 

At  the  time  Major  Williamson  was  being  besieged 
by  the  Tories  at  Ninety-Six,  Colonel  Richardson  had 
commenced  his  march  against  them,  in  pursuance  of 
the  orders  he  had  received  from  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress; and  in  doing  so,  he  was  directing  bis  course  to- 
wards the  middle,  or  the  upper  part  of  Col.  Fletchall's 
command,  over  Broad  River.  But,  as  soon  as  he  was 
apprized  of  Williamson's  investment,  he  changed  his 
route,  and  proceeded  by  forced  marches  to  the  Conga- 
ree  river,  over  which  he  crossed  his  troops;  and  on 
Novembei-  27th  he  addressed  th^;  following  letter  to 
Mr.  Drayton: 

"Camp  near  Congarees,  Nov.  27th,  1775. 
"Sir: — I  arrived  at  this  place  last  night,  and  take  the 
earliest  moment  I  can  spare  to  write  you  this,  as  I 
have  been  very  busy  in  getting  the  men's  wagons,  &c., 
over  the  river,  which  I  shall  scarcely  complete  to-mor- 
row. The  route  1  intended  to  have  taken  was  very 
different  from  the  one  1  at  first  anticipated;  as  wdien  1 
heard  of  the  fort  at  Ninety-Six  being  besieged,  1  alter- 
ed my  march,  in  order  to  make  what  speed  I  could  to 
relieve  them;  but  they  had  concluded  articles  too 
soon,  for  a  possibility  of  my  reaching  them.     Perhaps 

*Gibbes's  Documentary  History,  17f)4 — 1776,  page  216. 
fCiibbes's  Documentary  History,  1764 — 1776,  page  221;    Drayton's 
Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  page  150. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  313 

it  may  be  said  in  Congress  why  did  not  Col.  Thomson 
go  and  relieve  theni?  I  answer,  he  could  not.  was  not 
ahle.  nor  liad  timely  notice  if  he  had  been.  We  have 
yet  received  no  accounts  from  there  but  what  I  here- 
with enclose  a  copy  of,  together  with  a  letter  from  Mr. 

McLanrin,  which  was  sent  to-day  to  Col.  Thomson." 

********* 

"1  cannot  ascertain  the  number, of  my  men,  as  I* 
have  not,  from  the  bustle,  been  able  to  obtain  regular 
returns.  a:nd  which,  I  believe,  at  this  time,  amount  to 
about  one  thousand,  with  daily  additions,  and  soon 
expect^  as  many  more."  *  f  *  *  "Though  we 
hear  the  opposers  are  very  numerous  and  violent  and 
desperate,  yet  hope  in  a  little  time  to  give  you  a  more 
full  account  of  our  army  and  our  opposers,  who  are 
now  much  elated  and  carry  a  high  hand.  But  though 
much,  very  much,  depends  upon  this  campaign,  do  not 

be  under  two  great  apprehension  for  the  event." 

********* 

"P.  S.  After  I  wrote  and  sealed,  about  12  o'clock  last 
night  we  were  alarmed  by  some  of  our  rangers,  which 
we  had  sent  light  to  discover  where  Col.  Thomas  was, 
who,  I  heard,  was  on  his  way,  in  a  dangerous  part; 
they  came  to  him  about  22  miles  from  us,  who  had 
three  prisoners.  Lieut.  Boykin,  who  commanded  that 
light  detachment  of  rangers,  reported  that  Col.  Thom- 
as had  stopped  about  dark  to  take  a  mouthful  and  re- 
fresh, intending  then  to  drive  on  while  he  (Boykin) 
was  there.  Col.  Thomas  received  a  letter,  informing 
him  that  Major  Robinson  was  pursuing  him  with  a 
thousand  men.  and  would  be  cut  off  before  he  crossed 
the  river.  I  immediately  detached  a  party  of  rangers, 
volunteers  and  militia,  sufficient  I  hope  to  sustain 
him.  This  evening  have  not  yet  heard;  think,  if 
proper  instructions  be  given  to  look  sharp  for  Robin- 
son in  his  way  to  town,     it  would  be  a  great  mattei; 


314  THE  HISTORY  OF 

to  get  hill]  without  his  putting  himself  in  your  power: 
a  good  watch  at  Dorchester,  and  other  places  may  se- 
cure him,  for,  T  think,  it  will  he  his  only  refuge  soon." 
Whether  this  suggestion  of  placing  a  "good  watch" 
at  Dorchester  was  followed  out,  we  know  not,  but  cer- 
tain it  is  that  Captains  Purves  and  Imhoff,  of  the  Ran- 
gers, were  about  that  time  stationed  at  Dorchester.* 
•and  kept  there  for  some  weeks. 

On  November  2Sth  Col.  Thomson  addressed  the  fol- 
lowing letter  to  Henry  Laurens:! 

"Camp,  Congaree,  Nov.  28th,  1775. 

"Honored  Sir: — You  will  see  by  the  enclosed  that 
our  party  and  the  opposite  have  had  an  engagement, 
and  came  to  a  cessation  of  arms  on  the  22d:  and  you 

*  "Read  a  letter  from  Captain  Peyer  Imhoff,  of  the  Raiijjers,  dated 
Dorchester,  14th  Decemher,  1775,  inclosiiij;  return." — .Journal  of  Coun- 
cil of  Safety,  Dec.  14th,  1775. 

"O/Y/f/Tf/,  That  Capt.  Peyer  Imhoff  he  supplied  with  about  one 
hundred  yards  of  the  cloth  imported  for  the  public,  to  clothe  his  com- 
pany of  rangers,  and  that  he  be  desired  to  procure  Doct.  (.'hauler's  ac- 
counts for  attending  sick  rangers,  properly  certified,  to  be  laid  before 
the  board." — .Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Dec.  15th,  1775. 

"Read  a  letter  from  Captain  Jolin  Purves,  of  the  regiment  of  Ran- 
gers, dated  22nd  December,  1775." 

^^Ordered,  That  Capt.  Purves,  of  the  Rangers  upon  duty  at  Dor- 
chester, have  leave  of  absence,  not  exceeding  three  weeks." 

"To  Capt.  John  Purves,  the  pay-bill  of  his  company  of  Rangers, 
from  20th  November  to  20th  December,  at  Dorchester,...  850    00    0." 

"Capt.  Peyer  Imhoff,  the  pay-bill  of  his  company  at  Dorchester, 
same  time, 656     10    0." 

"On  the  last  two  orders,  liie  treasurers  were  desired  to  take  especial 
care  that  those  pay-bills  be  not  included  in  other  account.^ — they  hav- 
ing been  issued  upon  an  extraordinary  occasi«vn." — .Journal  of  Coun- 
cil of  Safety,  Dec.  23rd,  1775. 

tThis  letter  had  evidently  not  reached  the  President  of  the  Council 
of  Safety  by  December  2nd,  for  in  a  letter  to  Maj.  Williamson,  of 
that  date,  Mr.  Laurens  wrote:  "As  we  have  not  heard  properly,  eith- 
er from  Col.  Richardson,  or  Col.  Thomson,  we  cannot  account  for 
their  slow  progress.  When  we  learn  their  strength  and  plan  for  uni- 
ting their  forces,  we  shall  immediately  give  orders  for  such  operations 
as  we  hope  will  prove  effectual." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  315 

will  perceive  how  dilatory  they  were,  in  giving  us  in- 
formation of  it.  The  moment  I  received  it  from  above, 
I  acquainted  Col.  Richardson  with  the  same,  who  was 
then  about  eight  miles  distant  from  us,  and  joined  me 
about  four  hours  after.  We  immediately  summoned 
our  officers  and  held  a  consultation  on  the  following 
propositions: 

"1st.  'Whether  according  to  our  orders  in  the  pres- 
ent situation,  the  cessation  of  arms  stipulated  between 
Col.  Mayson,  Major  Williamson,  and  Mr.  Bowie  on  our 
side,  and  Mr.  Cunningham,  Mr.  Robinson,  and  others, 
on  the  [)art  of  the  others,  have  any  weight  upon  our 
operations.     Carried  in  the  negative. 

"2d.  'As  we  have  been  informed  of  a  kind  of  cessa- 
tion of  arms  between  the  contending  parties,  if  it  be 
not  necessary  to  acquaint  the  Congress  therewith  and 
ask  their  advice.     Affirmative. 

"3rd.  'As  we  have  heard  that  troops  were,  or  are 
now  assembled,  near  Augusta,  at  the  Cherokee  Ponds, 
whether  it  may  not  be  necessary  for  them  to  be  de- 
sired to  advance  and  meet  us  at  some  convenient 
place  appointed,  and  a  letter  dispatched  for  that  pur- 
pose.    Affirmative. 

"4th.  'Which  may  be  the  njost  necessary  route  to 
order  our  march,  and  the  destination  of  the  wagons 
now  on  the  other  side  of  the  river. 

•'5th.  'Whether  if  they  can  be  come  at,  it  may  not 
be  prudent  to  take  Cunningham,  Robinson,  and  Pearis, 
in  custody,  though  they  are  the  persons  acceding  to 
the  cessation  of  arnjs  at  Ninety-Six,  and  the  best 
method  to  be  pursued  for  that  end.' 

"By  order  of  Colonel  Richardson,  I  marched  with 
my  regiment  of  rangers  on  Monday  last,  with  about 
one  hundred  of  the  draughted  militia  to  this  place. 
Col.  Richardson  gave  orders  for  draughting  two  hun- 


316  THE  HISTORY  OF 

dred  men,  which  orders  I  directed  the  officers  of  lu}' 
militia  to  distribute,  but  was  unfortunate  enough  to 
raise  but  about  one  hundred,  and  those  collected  from 
three  companies  in  my  own  neighborhood.  When  the 
Sergeants  warned  the  draughted  people  about  Orange- 
burgh  and  the  Congarees,  they  seemed  very  insolent, 
asked  which  camps  they  were  to  join,  and,  in  fact,  did 
as  much  as  to  declare  themselves  King's  men,  as  they 
term  it.  The  same  dissatisfaction  seems  to  have 
reigned  amongst  a  part  of  Col.  Richardson's  people. 
But  I  am  persuaded,  after  all  their  murmuiings,  we 
shall  have  a  sufficient  number  of  men  to  vanquish  all 
the  disaffected  people  in  South  Carolina,  and  I  hope 
Col.  Eichardson  will  have  orders  so  to  do  before  we 
break  up.  As  1  have  heard  several  of  the  officers  and 
men  declare,  that  they  would  never  take  up  arms 
again,  unless  the  militia  who  have  been  diaughted 
and  do  not  appear,  are  made  to  suffer  by  fine  or  other- 
wise, and  they  have  the  liberty  to  subdue  the  enemies 
of  America,  as  they  observe  that  those  who  are  not 
for  America,  are  undoubtedly  against  it.  Such  dis- 
courses we  hear  spreading  through  our  camps,  and  I 
have  reason  to  believe  is  their  determination. 

"We  have  had  great  uneasiness  amongst  them,  when 
the  news  arrived  of  the  cessation  of  arms,  and  we 
have  no  other  means  of  appeasing  their  disturbed 
minds,  but  by  signifying  that  the  cessation  of  arms 
was  not  binding  on  us,  and  so  forth. 

"I  have  some  reason  to  believe  that  the  late  mob 
has  privately  murdered  people  in  the  woods  who  had 
been  our  associates.  I  imagine  w-e  shall  march  from 
here  to-morrow,  to  the  Forks  betw^een  Broad  and  Sa- 
luda rivers.  If  any  pai't  of  this  you  think  will  prove 
of  service  to  the  country,  I  beg  you  would  show  it  to 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  317 

the  Congress;  such  other  parts  of  it,  beg  you  would 
treat  as  from  a  friend. 

"I  am,  honored  sir, 

"Your  very  humble  servant, 

"Wm.  Thomson.* 

*'P.  S.  I  believe  part  of  the  disaffection  among  the 
people  at  Orange  burgh,  proceeded  part  from  cov^^ard- 
ice,  and  part  from  the  speeches  of  disappointed  gen- 
tlemen in  our  parish.  But  I  hope  to  have  the  liberty 
of  putting  the  militia  law  in  force  against  the  defaul- 
ters, and  that  I  shall  see  their  expectations  frustra- 
ted." 

That  "the  disaffection  among  the  people  at  Orange- 
burgh"  was  of  short  duration,  is  proved  by  subsequent 
events. 

From  his  "Camp  near  Congarees",  Col.  Richardson 
wrote,  on  November  30,  to  Mr.  Drayton:  "We  have 
now,  at  least  one  thousand  men,  and  are  still  increas- 
ing, and  intend  entering  the  Fork  of  Broad  and  Salu- 
da rivers  this  day." 

Reaching  Ninety-Six  a  few  days  later.  Col.  Richard- 
son issued  the  following  proclamation: 

"South  Carolina. 

"Whereas,  on  the  third  day  of  November 
last  past,  Patrick  Cunningham,  Henry  O'Neal,  Hugh 
Blown,  David  Russe,  Nathaniel  Howard,  Henry  Green, 
and  sundry  other  persons,  did,  in  Ninety-six  District, 
raise  a  dangerous  insurrection  and  commotion,  and 
did,  near  Mine  Creek,  in  said  District,  felloniously 
take  and  carry  away  a  quantity  of  ammunition,  the 
property  of  the  public,  and  in  contempt  of  public  au- 
thority, and  did  also,  with  further  aid.  and  by  force  of 

*  "To  William  Good wyn,  express  tVoni  Col.  Thomson,  £33.  00."— 
.lounial  of  Couiifil  of  Safety,  Dec.  .')tli,  1775,  Collectioiis  of  the  K.  C. 
Hist.  Soe.,  Vol.  Ill,  pajieoO. 


318  THE  HISTORY  OF 

arms,  on  the  nineteenth,  twentieth  and  twenty-first 
clays  of  said  month  of  November  at  Ninety-Six,  in  the 
District  aforesaid,  attack,  besiege,  kill  and  wound  a 
number  of  the  good  people  of  this  Colony,  and  iu 
manifest  violation  of  peace  and  good  order,  and  breach 
of  a  solemn  treaty  entered  into  on  the  eighteenth  day 
of  September  last,  made  and  concluded  between  the 
Honorable  William  Henry  Drayton,  on  the  one  part, 
and  Col.  Thomas  Fletchall  and  others,  on  the  other 
part,  thereby  becoming  guilty  of  the  atiocicus  crimes 
of  robbery,  murder  and  breach  of  treaty  of  peace.  To 
satisfy  public  justice  in  the  just  punishment  of  all 
which  crimes  and  offences,  as  far  as  the  nature  of  the 
same  will  admit,  I  am  now  come  into  these  parts,  in 
the  name  and  behalf  of  the  Colonies  to  demand  of  the 
inhabitants,  the  delivery  up  of  the  bodies  of  all  the 
principal  offenders  herein,  together  with  the  said  am- 
munition and  full  restitution  for  the  ravages  commit- 
ted, and  also  the  arms  and  ammunition  of  all  the  aid- 
ers and  abettors  of  those  robbers,  murderers,  and  dis- 
turbers of  the  peace  and  good  order  as  aforesaid;  and, 
in  case  of  refusal  or  neglect,  for  the  space  of  five 
days,  I  shall  be  under  a  necessity  of  taking  such  steps 
as  will  be  found  disagreeable,  but  which  T  shall  cer- 
tainly put  in  execution  for  the  public  good. 

"Given  under  my  hand  this  eighth  dav  of  Decem- 
ber, 1775." 

That  the  Council  of  Safety  meant  to  spare  no  ex- 
pense to  quell  the  disaffection  of  the  non-associa- 
tors,  the  following  extract  from  its  proceedings  will 
show: 

"Upon  the  accounts  of  Mr.  John  Chesnut,  Paymas- 
ter of  the  Regiment  of  Rangers,  the  order  was  drawn 
in  the  words  following: 

"Gentlemen — Please  to  order  the  above  accounts 
and  the  several  accounts  therein   referred   to,  to  be 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  319 

carefully  examined;  and  if  found  free  from  error,  pay 
the  above  mentioned  sum  of  £9850,  7s.  Hd.  to  Mr. 
Aaron  Loocock,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  John  Chesnut,  Pay- 
master of  the  Regiment  of  Hangers,  and  charge  to  the 
proper  account. 

"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 
''To  John  NeiifvilU',  Peter  Bacot,  William  Gibbes,  esqs., 
Coirnnissioners  of  the  Co/o)/i/  Tt'ea-suri/.^"'^ 

A  few  days  after  the  surrender  of  Ninety-Six,  Maj. 
May  son  repaired  to  Charlestown,f  and  on  the  7th  of 
December  he  addressed  the  following  letter  to  the 
Council  of  Safety::J: 

■'Charlestown,  7th  December  1775. 
"Gentlemen, 

"It  is  with  the  greatest  reluctance  that  1  pre- 
sume to  trouble  you  with  a  matter,  which  principally 
relates  to  myself.  But,  as  its  example  and  tendency 
might  perhaps  hereafter  be  of  some  prejudice  to  the 
cause,  in  which  we  are  all  engaged,  if  no  notice  was 
taken  of  it;  I  find  myself  under  a  necessity,  of  not  be- 
ing entirely  silent  on  the  subject. 

"The  few  forces  which  were  lately  assembled  at 
Ninety-Six,  were  drawn  together  by  me,  as  well  as  by 
Major  Williamson;  and,  though  I  was  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  same  regiment  of  militia  in  which  Ma- 
joi-  Williamson  held  his  commission,  and  also  a  Major 
in   your  Regular  Troops,  to  my  surprize  Major  Wil- 

*Joiirnal  of  Council  of  Safety,  DeeeiiilKM-  I'lid,  177"),  Collections  8. 
C.  Historical  Society,  Vol.  Ill,  page  40. 

f  Ordered,  That  Major  Mayson  have  leave  to  visit  and  converse 
with  Robert  Cunningham,  contined  in  Charles-Town  jail." — Journal 
of  Council  of  Safety,  Dec.  6th,  177-5,  Collections  S.  C.  Hist.  Soc,  Vol. 
Ill,  page  o{». 

tDrayton's  Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  page  lol.  "Read  a  letter  from  Major 
Mtiyson,  of  the  Rangers,  of  this  date." — .lournai  of  Council  of  Safety, 
Dec.  7th,  1775. 


320  THE  HISTORY  OF 

liamson  disputed  the  command  with  me — but,  rather 
than  hurt  the  cause,  T  3ne]ded  some  points  to  hi  m :  which, 
I  am  sensible  as  your  soldier,  I  shall  not  be  justifiable  in, 
without  the  greatest  indulgence  from  vou.  1  however 
think  it  proper  to  mention,  that  although  on  account 
of  the  public  good  1  suffered  his  name  to  be  inserted 
in  the  Truce  before  mine,  yet  the  means  of  our  defence 
was  planned  by  me;  and  the  whole  negotiation  with 
the  disaffected  party,  was  addressed  to  me. 

"I  thought  the  conduct  of  Major  Williamson  in  this 
affair  the  more  extraordinary,  as  he  was  a  member  of 
the  very  Congress,  which  settled  these  points  of  com- 
mand; and  which  points,  I  find  have  been  confirmed 
by  the  present  Congress,  as  well  as  by  the  Continental 
Congress.  But,  lest  hereafter  the  same  disputes  may 
arise,  1  humbly  submit  it  to  this  honorable  board, 
whether  Major  Williamson  should  not  be  informed, 
that  when  we  act  together,  and  hold  our  present  com- 
missions, I  am  to  have  the  command. 

"The  thanks  of  my  country,  it  will  be  my  highest 
ambition  to  deserve;  and.  as  1  understand  that  Major 
Williamson  is  to  return  the  thanks  of  Congress  to  the 
officers  who  were  present  at  Ninety-Six;  I  shall  with 
joy  receive  them,  though  delivered  to  me  by  an  in- 
ferior officer. 

"I  cannot  conclude  without  assuring  you,  that  both 
Major  Williamson  and  myself  concealed  our  difference 
from  all,  except  one  or  two  of  the  officers. 
"I  have  the  honour  to  be, 
"Gentlemen, 
"With  the  greatest  respect. 
"Your  most  humble  sei'vant, 

"Jas.  Mayson." 

To  this  letter  the  Council  of  Safety,  on  December 
Sth,  addressed  the  following  reply:* 

*J()iirn:il  ofCVniiK-il  of  JSafety,  Dec.  Stli,  1775. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  321 

"Charles-Town,  Dec.  8th,  1775. 

"'Sir — We  have  duly  considered  the  contents  of  your 
letter,  which  was  yesterday  laid  before  us.  and  as  we 
have  received  no  complaint  from  Major  Williamson, 
and  are  satisfied  that  each  of  you  had  the  real  service 
of  the  colony  at  heart  in  the  late  affair  at  Ninety-Six, 
we  wish  to  avoid  a  minute  inquiry,  which  in  our 
opinion  would  produce  no  beneficial  end. 

"The  command  of  the  militia  was,  by  the  Congress, 
vested  in  Major  Williamson,  froui  considerations  of 
the  distance  of  Col.  Savage,  and  the  little  probability 
of  his  heading  the  regiment,  as  well  as  from  an  infor- 
mation that  you  were  at  that  time  extremely  ill,  un- 
able to  take  the  field.  It  was  therefore  necessary  to 
order  that  gentleman  to  call  forth  the  militia  in  his 
district,*  and  to  hold  them  in  readiness  to  join  the 
troops  under  Col.  Richardson:  your  junction,  and 
what  afterw^ards  happened  at  the  fortified  camp  at 
Ninety-Six,  were  circumstances  altogether  adventi- 
tious and  unexpected.  Hence  we  are  convinced,  that 
Major  Williamson,  when  he  took  the  command,  acted 
in  conformity  to  the  order  of  Congress,  and  you  will 
perceive  that  those  orders  were  not  intended  to  over- 
look your  merit,  nor  to  offer  you  an  affront.  We  high- 
ly applaud  you,  for  having,  after  you  had  joined  Major 
Williamson,  yielded  in  any  points  of  mere  punctillio, 
on  account  of  the  public  good.  We  are  so  sensible  of 
your  services,  that  with  pleasure  we  repeat  to  you  the 
thanks  of  this  board,  and   desire  that  you   w\]\   also 


*"M;iysoii  was  Lieut.  C'ol.  of  the  Nitiety-Six  Regiment  of  Militia; 
of  which  Willianisoti  was  then  aeting  as  Major;  hut  tiie  (^oiineil  of 
Safety  di(]  not  approve  of  Major  Maysoii's  coninianding  on  llie  occa- 
sion, either  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  tlie  regiment,  or  as  Major  of  the 
M  regiment  of  rangers;  as  their  contideiice  was  greater  in  Major 
Williamson;  and  he  was  more  influential  in  tliat  jiart  of  the  count- 
try." — Drayton's  Menioii-s,  Vol.  TI,  page  111*,  foot  note. 


322  THE  HISTORY  OF 

present  our  thanks  to  the  officers  ami  soldiers  of  the 
corps  of  rangers  who  were  under  your  command, 

"You  are  now  to  repair  immediately  to  Col.  Richard- 
son's camp.  We  are  satisfied  of  your  zeal  and  attach- 
ment in  the  cause  of  the  colonies,  and  particularly 
we  confide  that  you  will  persevere  in  your  endeavors 
to  promote  harmony  within  your  sphere,  and  to  dis- 
countenance every  kind  and  degree  of  dissention,  the 
hane  of  public  service.  We  wish  you  health  and  suc- 
cess. 

"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 

"Major  James  Mayson." 

On  Dec.  12th,  Col.  Richardson  wrote,  from  "Camp 
Great  Survey,  Duncan's  Creek",  to  Henry  Laurens: 
"The  eighth  instant  I  wrote  and  made  public  a  kind 
of  declaration,  of  which  I  herewith  inclose  a  copy, 
which  I  hope  may  in  some  measure  meet  with  your 
approbation,  upon  which  they  have  come  in,  many  of 
them,  and  delivered  up  their  arms,  all  of  whom,  where 
they  have  not  been  capital  offenders,  I  dismiss  with 
soft  words  and  cheerful  countenances,  and  admonish 
them  to  use  their  interest  with  their  friends  and 
neighbors,  which  seems  to  have  a  good  effect.  Our 
army  which  is  now  formidable  strikes  terror,  and  the 
opposite  party  have  hitherto  fled  before  us,  keeping 
fifteen  or  twenty  miles  distant.  We  often  are  told 
they  will  give  battle,  but  yet  have  not  attempted  it, 
and  do  hope  we  shall  by  the  measures  pursuing  so 
weaken  their  party  that  most  will  abandon  them,  and 
they  will  not  be  able  to  make  head  with  any  great 
body,  and  the  salutary  measures  prove  the  best  con- 
quest. Should  their  behavior  be  otherwise  we  shall 
deal  with  them  accordingly.  We  have  several  prison- 
ers, amongst  whom  are  Col.  Fletchall,  Capt.  Richard 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  323 

Pearls,  Capt.  Shuhurg.  and  several  others  of  the  first 
magnitude.  B.y  the  capture  of  Col.  Fletchall  (who 
was  hid  in  a  rave.*  and  taken  b}^  Col.  Thomson  and 
rangers,  and  the  volunteer  companies  who  were  sent 
out  on  that  and  some  other  service)  papers  have  fallen 
into  my  hands  which  the  Council  of  Safety  will  be 
glad  to  see,  but  which  I  cannot  venture  to  send  by 
this  conveyance;  but  shall  transmit  by  the  officer  of 
the  guard,  with  the  prisoners,  which  I  intend  to  dis- 
patch to-morrow.  Our  arnjy  is  about  three  thousand 
of  diJS'erent  corps,  viz:  my  own  regiment.  Col.  Thom- 
son's, and  volunteer  light  horse.  Col.  Thomas,  Col. 
Neel,  Col.  Polk  and  Lieut.  Col.  Martin  of  the  North 
Cai-olina  regiment,  upon  the  continental  establish- 
ment, who  voluntarily  stepped  out  on  this  occasion,  as 
did  Col.  Thos.  Polk.''"  *****  -This 
minute,  while  I  am  writing,  Capts.  Plumer  and  Smith 
with  thirty  men  surrendered  themselves  and  arms." 

On  the  16th.  Col.  Richardson  wrote,  from  "Camp 
Liberty  Hill",  to  Mr.  Laurens:  "I  herewith  send  you 
the  persons  of  Col.  Thos.  Fletchall,  Capt.  EMchard 
Pearis,  Capt.  Jacob  Fry,  Capt.  George  Shuburg,  John 
McWilliams,  Philip  Wells,  James  Davis,  Capt.  Mc- 
David,  alias  McDade,  and  Joseph  Alexander.  These 
being  all  adjudged  by  the  officers  and  people  here  to 
be  offenders  of  such  a  nature  that  from  the  active 
part  they  have  taken,  it  would  be  dangerous  for  me  to 
let  either  of  them  go."  *  *  *  *  "These  unhap- 
py people  are  in  a  great  panic,  still  flying  before  us, 
and  it  is  told  that  young  Pearis  and  others  have  gone 
to  bring  the  Indians  down,  in  person;  if  it  should  be 
the  case,  it  could  not  be  in  a  better  time,  and  if  any 
such  intentions,  should  be  glad  the  whole  would  conie 
while  we  are  here." 

*Sonie  say  in  tlie  lioUow  of  a  large  sycainoiv  tree.  —  Drayton's  Me- 
moirs, Vol.  II,  i)age  12!),  foot  note. 


324  THE  HISTORY  OF 

On  the  22ad,  Col.  Richardsou,  from  ''Camp  Raborn's 
Creek,  Hollingsworth's  Mill",  wrote  Mr.  Laurens:  "1 
thought  to  let  you  hear  from  us  before  now,  but  con- 
stant marching,  and  multiplicity  of  cares  and  business 
have  prevented,  and  the  more  so,  as  1  had  not  such 
things  as  I  could  wish  to  acquaint  you  with;  but  now, 
as  we  have  got  to  the  very  extremity  of  the  roads 
north-westward,  take  the  liberty  to  inform  you,  that 
on  Saturday  last,  the  16th  instant,  we  were  joined  by 
Col.  Rutherfoi'd,  of  Rowan,  and  Col.  Graham,  of  Tryon 
counties,  in  North  Carolina,  with  about  five  hundred 
men."  *  *  *  ''Qjj  Wednesday,  the  20th  inst., 
I  was  joined  by  Maj.  Andrew  Williamson,  Capt.  Ham- 
mond, and  a  small  party  of  Col.  Bull's  regiment, 
amounting  in  the  whole  to  about  eight  hundred,  so 
that  our  army  is  now  formidable,  between  four  and 
five  thousand — a  number  most  desirable  to  view — 
though  we  have  had  no  occasion  tor  more  than  my 
own  regiment  to  have  done  the  business.  Notwith- 
standing, the  number  has  a  good  effect,  strikes  terror, 
and  shows  what  can  be  done  on  occasion — and,  upon 
the  whole,  it  may  prove  a  happy  event — we  have  been 
successful  in  disarming  most  of  this  unhappy  people; 
they  are  coming  in  with  fear  and  trembling,  giving  up 
their  arms,  with  a  sensible  contrition  for  the  errors 
they  have  been  guilty  of."  ****** 
"There  is  still  a  camp  w^e  cannot  yet  come  up  with, 
consisting  of  the  principal  aggressors,  which  were,  by 
best  information,  camped  on  the  Cherokee  land.  1 
detached  yesterday  about  thirteen  hundred  horse  and 
foot,  about  an  equal  number,  under  the  command  of 
Cols.  Thomson,  Martin,  Rutherford,  Neel,  Polk,  Lyles, 
Major  Williamson,  and  others,  commanding  all  volun- 
teers, which,  I  flatter  myself,  will  render  us  a  good  ac- 
count, as  I  don't  expect  them  in  till  to-morrow,  or 
perhaps  some  days  hence."       *       *       *       *       "They 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  325 

have  had  expectations  of  the  Indians  joining  them, 
but  b\^  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wilkinson  to  Major  William- 
son, they  will  be  disappointed  in  that,  as  he  says  all 
are  peaeable  there,  and  the  Indians  well  satisfied,  and 
say  the  Saluda  people  are  devils,  &c."      *      *       * 

*  *  "We  have  at  times  got  small  parts  of  the 
ammunition  they  got,  and  delivered  with  their  arms; 
and  yesterday  two  barrels,  say  fifty  pounds,  and  have 
a  slight  information  of  some   more."       *       *       * 

*  *  *  '"I  shall,  therefore,  crave  your  permis- 
sion to  discharge  the  North  Carolinians,  to  make  their 
way  from  hence  through  the  upper  parts  by  the  In- 
dian line  to  their  own  colony,  which  will  scour  that 
part,  and  Cols.  Neel  and  Thomson  through  a  middle 
direction  to  their  different  quarters."      *      *       * 

*  *       "The  spiiit  of  discord  will  so  far  subside, 

that  they  will  hardly  raise  any  more  commotions." 
********* 

'"P.  S.  This  minute  since,  or  while  I  was  writing  my 
name,  a  messenger  from  Col.  Thomson  and  the  detach- 
ments arrived  with  the  agreeable  account,  that  they 
had  surprised  and  taken  the  camp  of  Cunningham,  &c., 
and  taken  the  greatest  part  prisoners,  with  all  their 
ammunition,  guns,  wagons,  and  utensils.  P.  Cunning- 
ham had  escaped,  and  some  principals,  but  the  most 
are  taken,  &c." 

"On  January  2nd,  1776,  Col.  Richardson  sent,  frt)m 
the  Congarees,  to  Henry  Laurens,  the  following  re- 
port:* 

''Sir: — In  my  last  I  informed  you  of  the  detachments 
I  had  sent  out,  and  in  a  postscript,  of  my  intelligence 
of  success.  Our  people  surrounded  their  camp  by  day- 
light  in   the  morning   after   a   long   march    of  near 

*"Read  also  a  letter  from  Col.  Richardson,  dated  Congarees,  2d 
.laniiary,  1776." — .Journal  of  tlie  ('onncil  of  Safety,  .Jan.  Stli,  177G. 


326  THE  HISTORY  OF 

twenty-five  miles,  and  lying  on  their  amis  till  day, 
they  then  attacked  and  took  about  one  hundred  and 
thirty  prisoners,  with  baggage,  arms,  ammunition,  &c., 
which  completed  the  conquest  of  that  flying  party 
which  had  till  then  kept  out  of  reach.  They  were  en- 
camped at  a  convenient  place  called  the  Brake  of 
Canes  on  the  Cherokee  land;  Patrick  Cunningham  es- 
caped on  a  horse  bare  backed  (and  they  say  without 
breeches)  telling  every  man  to  shift  for  himself.* 
None  of  our  men  were  killed  or  wounded,  except  the 
son  of  Col.  T.  Polk,  a  fine  youth,  was  shot  through  the 
shoulder,  and  was  in  great  danger.  Some  five  or  six 
of  the  other  party,  T  am  told,  were  killed;  happily  the 
men  were  restrained  or  every  man  had  died.  The 
next  day  they  returned  to  camp,  the  snow  set  in,  and 
continued  for  thirty  hours  without  intermission, 
which,  with  the  hardship  and  fatigue  the  men  had 
suffered  before  made  them  very  uneasy,  and  seeing  no 
more  could  be  done  they  grew  so  uneasy  it  was  out  of 
my  power  to  keep  the  troops  together  any  longer.  I, 
therefore,  on  Christmas-day  dismissed  the  North  Caro- 
lina troops,  viz:  Col.  Rutherford,  Col.  Graham,  Col. 
Martin  and  Col.  Polk  to  all  of  whom,  in  behalf  of  my 
country,  I  returned  my  cordial  and  hearty  thanks,  &c.; 
the  same  day  Colonels  Neel  and  Thomas,  and  Major 
Williamson  with  proper  orders  to  pursue  such  meas- 
ures in  their  different  marches,  as  I  was  (convinced 
would  be  necessary  for  the  public  service.  I  then  as  I 
found  the  service  pretty  well  done  and  no  possibility 
of  detaining  the  men  longer,  the  snow  then  lying  on 
the  earth  in  the  smoothest  places  at  least  fifteen 
inches  deep}-  (most  say  two  feet)  I  marched  in  the 
best   manner   we  could   downward.     Eight  days   we 

*He  fled  to  Florida,  where  he  spent  a  good  portion  of  his  time.  (See 
Southern  Quarterly  Review  for  April  1847,  Vol.  XI,  No.  22,  page  484.) 
tThis  expedition  has  been,  by  many,  termed  tiie  "Snow  Camp". 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  327 

never  set  foot  on  the  earth  or  had  a  place  to  lie  down, 
till  we  had  spaded  or  grabbled  away  the  snow,  from 
which  circumstance,  many  are  frost  bitten,  some  very 
badly;  and  on  the  third  day  a  heavy  cold  rain  fell,  to- 
gether with  sleet;  and  melted  the  snow  and  filled 
every  creek  and  river  with  a  deluge  of  water;  but 
with  all  these  difficulties  we  reached  this  place  yester- 
day with  the  prisoners,  whom  we  have  used  in  the 
best  manner  we  could^about  ten  Captains  and  a  hun- 
dred and  twenty  of  the  most  mischievous  men  (sonie 
of  whom  will  make  good  soldiers);  all  the  powder; 
Ninety-six  and  New  Camp  men.  We  retook  seven 
kegs  of  gun-powder,  six  of  which  I  delivered  to  Maj. 
Williamson  to  be  sent  to  Mr.  Wilkinson  for  the  Chero- 
kees;  many  arms  have  been  delivered  up,  and  I  caused 
the  men  to  sign  an  instrument  of  writing,  which  they 
did  willingly  with  fear  and  trembling,  by  which  they 
forfeit  their  estates,  real  and  personal,  if  they  ever 
take  up  arms  against,  or  disquiet  the  peace  and  tran- 
quility of  the  good  people  of  this  colony  again,  and  to 
assist  them  if  they  are  ever  called  upon.  The  arms 
taken  by  Maj.  Williamson  and  those  from  that  quar- 
ter I  ordered  to  be  stored  at  Fort  Charlotte,  which  he 
(the  Major)  is  to  see  done.  Those  taken  by  the  upper 
regiments  are  to  be  sent  down,  and  many  lodged  in 
the  hands  of  the  Committee  to  be  sent  to  Mr.  Ches- 
nut's  Store  at  the  Congarees,  and  about  two  hundred 
stand  1  have  ordered  to  Camden,  &c."  *  *  *  * 
"The  prisoners  I  send  in  a  boat  from  this  place  to  Wil- 
son's Ferry,  under  the  command  and  guard  of  Capt. 
Thomas  Sumter,  who  on  this  expedition  I  constituted, 
Adjutant-General,  who  has  behaved  very  well  and  has 
been  to  me  and  the  cause,  of  extra  service;  from  thence 
Col.  Thomson  with  the  Rangers  and  others  under 
him  will  guard  them  to  Charleston,  who.  with  Major 
Mayson  and  officers  under  them  have  l)een  obliging  in 


THE  HISTORY  OF 

behavior  and  alert  in  service,  and  must  recommend 
them  to  your  particular  notice;  and  I  must  say 
through  the  whole  I  have  been  extremely  happy  in 
the  mutual  harmony  which  has  subsisted."       *       * 

*  *  "I  shall  refer  you  to  Col.  Thomson  and 
Maj.  Mayson  for  further  particulars,  as  I  am  still 
broke  in  upon  every  line.'' 

On  the  same  day  Col.  Richardson  wrote  the  Council 
of  Safety:  "By  Col.  Thomson  of  the  rangers,  you  will 
receive,  if  nothing  happens,  the  i)risoners,  we  thought 
proper  to  detain,*  which,  upon  examination,  find  were 

*"Charlf«-T()wii,  .Ian.  10th,  1776. 

"Sir — We  have  received  your  several  letters  of  the  2(1  and  8th  instant, 
together  with  tlie  proceedings  of  the  Court  of  Inijuiry  in  the  case  of 
Lieut.  Charlton,  and  the  general  court-njartial  on  Capt.  Samuel  Wise, 
and  approve  of  their  respective  determinations — which  you  will  sig- 
nify in  proper  orders.  We  desire  when  you  arrive  at  some  convenient 
ground,  at  or  near  the  Quarter-House,  that  you  will  order  a  halt, 
leaving  the  prisoners  under  proper  guard,  and  come  forward,  yourself 
in  order  to  attend  the  Board  for  further  direction. 
"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 
"Col.  Will.  Thomson." 

"Col.  Thomson,  of  the  Regiment  of  Bangers,  came  to  town,  and  at- 
tended for  instructions  how  to  dispose  of  tlie  prisoners  sent  down  by 
Col.  Richardson. 

^^ Ordered,  That  Col.  Thomson  do  cause  the  said  prisoners  to  be 
conducted  to  Mr.  Strickland  to-morrow  morning,  and  that  he  then 
attend  this  Covuicil  again." — .lournal  of  C'onncil  of  Safety,  Jan.  10th, 
1776. 

"Col.  Thomson  and  Major  Ferguson  of  the  rangers  attended,  with 
a  list  of  the  prisoners  sent  down  by  Col.  Richardson,  and  distinguished 
the  most  culpable  offenders." — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  11th, 
1776. 

^^Ordered,  That  Col.  Thomson  do  immediately  attend  this  board; 
and  that  the  prisoners  from  Col.  Richardson  do  remain  at,  or  return 
to,  their  stations  at  Strickland's." — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan. 
12th,  1776. 

"Col.  Thomson  reported  the  names  of  twenty  of  the  prisoners  sent 
down  by  Col.  Richardson,  wiio  liad  voluntarily  signed  a  paper,  (which 
he  delivered  in,)  being  a  strong  assurance  of  their  future  proper  be- 
haviour. 

"Whereupon,  Col.  Thomson  was  authoiized  by  the  Council  to  dis- 
cliarge  them." — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  18th,  1776. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  329 

the  mo8t  leading  and  active,  in  taking  the  powder  at 
Ninety-Six,  and  the  late  camp.  They  were  long  ont 
before  taken,  and  have  been  some  time  since  in  du- 
rance, from  which  circumstances  they  of  course  will 
make  but  a  despicable  appearance,  adding  also,  that 
the  spirit  of  humility  and  contrition  takes  place  of  the 
opposite  character."  *  *  *  *  ^^j  ^^^^  ^^  3^ 
loss  to  know  how  to  recommend  ray  brother  Colonel, 
will  say  his  behaviour  has  been  as  becomes  him,  and 
deserves  your  notice." 

Pains  have  been  taken  to  quote  all  of  these  details 
of  these  two  expeditions  into  the  back  country,  not 
only  to  show  the  part  taken  in  them  by  Colonel  Thom- 
son and  the  3rd  regiment,  but  also  to  show  that,  after 
all,  the  disaffection  of  the  people  living  in  that  section 
of  the  Districts  of  Orangeburgh  and  Ninety-Six,  be- 
tween the  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers,  was  not  so  serious 
in  its  consequences.  We  have  seen  how  the  Ninety- 
Six  troops,  assisted  by  only  a  portion  of  the  forces 
from  the  adjoining  districts,  twice  vanquished  them 
with  scarcely  any  bloodshed.  We  have  seen  them 
wavering  from  side  to  side,  accordingly  as  the  most 
plausible  speeches  were  made  them;  we  have  seen 
them  intimidated  by  a  powerful  force;  but  we  have 
seen  the  final  triumph  of  the  Whigs.  Col.  Richardson 
tells  us  that  his  own  regiment  could  "have  done  the 
business"  in  the  second  expedition,  but  there  never 
was  a  time  after  that  when  the  Ninety-Six  Whigs 
could  not  handle  with  ease  the  Ninety-Six  Tories. 
Pickens  and  Williams  did  it  in  the  darkest  days  of  the 
Revolution,  and  were  only  restrained  by  the  British 
regulars — and  Tories  from  other  States  thrown  in,  for 
Cruger's  regiment  of  six  hundred  Tories  that  garrison- 
ed Ninety-Six  in  1780-81,  were  every  one  men  that  he 
had  enlisted  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 


330  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  mission  of  Messrs  Drayton  and  Tennent  in  the 
first  expedition  was  of  a  diplomatic  nature;  that  of 
Col.  Thomson  was  both  of  a  diplomatic  and  a  military 
nature,  and  how  he  succeeded  the  records  themselves 
show.  In  the  second  expedition,  his  excellent  work  is 
vouched  for  by  his  fellow  officer.  Col.  Richardson,  in 
his  reports.  That  Col.  Thomson  never  received  a 
brigadier's  commission  in  the  Continental  service  was 
no  fault  of  his.  May  posterity  ever  award  him  the 
honor  that  the  Continental  Congress  failed  to  be- 
stow. 

We  cannot  refrain  from  adding  here  some  extracts, 
anent  these  expeditions,  from  Ramsay's  History  of  the 
Revolution  in  South  Carolina,  which  not  only  concern 
the  3rd  regiment,  but  the  conduct  of  the  whole  peo- 
ple of  South  Carolina  during  the  Revolution.  It  has 
been  charged  by  partisan  historians  that  South  Caro- 
lina furnished  no  troops  to  the  Continental  Establish- 
ment; that  troops  from  New  England  had  to  fight  her 
battles  for  her;  that  the  State  was  overrun  with  To- 
ries; and  that  the  majority  of  her  people  were  luke- 
warm in  the  cause  of  American  independence.  The 
paragraphs  from  Dr.  Ramsay,  besides  giving  us  a  short 
account  of  the  Tory  uprisings  of  1775,  speak  eloquent- 
ly in  refutation  of  these  slanders.  Dr.  Ramsay  pub- 
lished his  history  in  1785,  just  three  years  after  the 
close  of  the  war.  while  events  wei'e  still  fresh  in  the 
minds  of  men,  and  he  had  been  a  prominent  figure  in 
the  Revolution,  in  South  Carolina,  and  he  therefore 
WTote  with  authority.  He  cannot  be  accused  of  un- 
due partiality,  for  he  was  a  native  of  Penns3dvania. 
He  says,  Vol.  I.,  p.  67: 

"Though  there  were  some  royalists  in  every  part  of 
the  province,  the  only  settlement  in  which  they  out- 
numbered the  friends  of  Congress,  was  in  the  country 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  331 

between  the  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers.*  When  it  was 
determined  to  raise  troops,  the  inhabitants  of  that 
part  of  the  province  could  not  be  persuaded  that  the 
measure  was  necessary.  Feeling  themselves  happy 
and  free  from  present  oppression,  they  were  averse 
from  believing  that  any  designs,  inimical  to  American 
liberty,  had  been  adopted  by  the  British  government. 
Instead  of  signing  the  association,  they  signed  papers 
at  their  general  musters,  declaring  their  unwillingness 
to  concur  in  the  measures  recommended  by  Congress. 
The  council  of  safety  sent  the  hon.  William-Henry 
Drayton,  and  the  rev.  William  Tennent,  into  their  set- 
tlement, to  explain  to  them  the  nature  of  the  dispute, 
and  to  bring  them  over  to  a  co-operation  with  the 
other  inhabitants.  They  had  several  publick  meet- 
ings, and  much  eloquence  was  exerted  to  induce  them 
to  sign  the  association.  Some  were  convinced  and 
subscribed  that  bond  of  union;  but  the  greater  num- 
ber could  not  be  persuaded  that  there  was  any  neces- 
sity for  congresses,  committees,  or  a  military  estab- 
lishment. Suspicion,  that  bane  of  society,  began  to 
exert  her  mischievous  influence.  The  friends  of  the 
old  government  doubted  the  authenticity  of  all  pamph- 
lets and  newspapers,  which  ascribed  to  the  British 
troops  in  Boston,  or  to  the  British  government,  any 
designs  injurious  to  the  rights  of  the  colonists.  They 
believed  the  whole  to  be  an  imposition  by  artful  men, 
who  wished  to  excite  storms,  that  they  might  shew 
their  skill  in  pilotage.  The  friends  of  Congress  sus- 
pected the  leading  men  of  the  royalists  to  l)e  in  the 

*  "Excepting  in  tliat  jnirt  of  the  country  included  between  tiie 
Broad  and  Saluda  rivers  the  non-subscribers  were  comparatively  few. 
In  Charleston,  where  the  jjeneral  committee  sat,  their  number 
amounted  to  about  forty."— Ramsay,  page  42.  The  (Chicago  paper 
that  accused  Senator  Tillman  of  uttering  a  falsehood,  when  he  said 
that  South  Carolina  had  "stood  to  the  front  in  177(5",  was  evidently 
better  acquainted  with  the  falsehoods  of  the  Sabines  and  Sumners 
than  with  the  truths  of  the  Ramsays. 


332  THE  HISTORY  OF 

pay  of  governor  Campbell.  Reports  were  circulated 
by  one  party,  that  a  plan  was  laid  to  seize  the  com- 
missioners sent  by  the  council  of  safefy;  by  the  other, 
that  the  third  provincial  regiment  was  brought  up  to 
compel  the  inhabitants  to  sign  the  association.  Mo- 
tives and  designs  were  reciprocally  attributed  to  erch 
other  of  the  most  ungenerous  nature  and  mischievous 
tendency.  The  royalists  embodied  for  reasons  similar 
to  those  which  had  induced  the  other  inhabitants  to 
arm  themselves  against  Great-Britain,  They  suspect- 
ed their  adversaries  of  an  intention  to  dragoon  them 
into  a  compliance  with  the  measures  of  Congress;  and 
they,  in  their  turn,  were  suspected  of  a  design  to  com- 
mence hostilities  against  the  associators  for  disturbing 
the  established  royal  government.  Camps  were  formed 
in  opposition  to  each  other,  and  great  pains  were 
taken  to  increase  their  respective  numbers.  Moderate 
men  employed  their  good  offices  to  prevent  bloodshed. 
After  some  days,  the  leaders  on  both  sides  met  in  con- 
ference. Several  explications  having  taken  place,  a 
treaty  was  leciprocally  agreed  to,  by  which  it  was 
stipulated,  that  'the  royalists  should  remain  in  a  state 
of  neutrality.'  Both  parties*  retired  to  their  homes, 
and  a  temporary  calm  succeeded.  Mr.  Robert  Cun- 
ningham, who  had  been  a  principal  leader  among  the 
royalists,  continued  to  encourage  oj)position  to  the 
popular  measures,  and  declared  that  he  did  not  <*on- 
sider  himself  as  bound  by  the  treaty.  Suspicion  again 
began  to  spread  her  poison.  This  declaration  was  con- 
strued as  an  evidence  of  a  fixed  intention  to  disturb 
the  peace,  by  another  insurrection.     To  prevent  his 


*This  treaty  was  signed  at  Ninety-Six  on  Sept.  16,  1775,  by  William 
Henry  Drayton  on  belialf  of  the  Whigs,  and  by  Thomas  Fletehal, 
Jolm  Ford,  Thomas  Green,  Evan  McLanrin  and  Benjamin  Wofford 
on  belialf  of  the  Tories.  Tlie  witnesses  to  ttie  agreement  were  William 
Thomson,  Ely  Kershaw  and  Francis  Salvador. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 

attempting  any  thing  of  that  kind,  he  was  apprehend- 
ed, brought  to  town,  and  committed  to  gaol.  Patrick 
Cunningham  instantly  armed  a  party  of  his  friends, 
and  pursued,  with  the  expectation  of  rescuing  his 
brother.  The  party  collected  on  this  occasion  seized 
a  thousand  pounds  of  powder,  which  was  at  that  junct- 
ure passing  thi'ough  their  settlement.  This  was  pub- 
lick  property,  and  had  been  sent  by  the  council  of 
safety  as  a  present  to  the  Cherokee  Indians.  To  in- 
flame the  minds  of  the  people,  some  designing  men 
among  the  royalists  propagated  a  report,  that  the 
powder  was  sent  to  the  Indians,  accompanied  with  in- 
structions to  them,  to  kill  every  man  who  should  re- 
fuse to  sign  the  association.*  This  charge,  entirely 
false  in  itself,  was  not  believed  by  any  of  the  well-in- 
formed inhabitants;  nevertheless  it  answered  the  pur- 
poses of  party  among  some  of  the  ignorant  multitude. 
It  w^as  confidently  asserted  that  some  private  marks 
had  been  agreed  on  by  the  popular  leaders  and  In- 
dian chiefs,  to  distinguish  the  associators  from  the 
nou-ai?sociators;  the  former  of  whom  were  to  be  spared, 
and  the  latter  sacrificed.  Clreat  pains  were  also  taken 
to  exasperate  the  inhaliitants  against  the  council  of 
safety,  for  furnishing  the  Indians  with  powder  at  a 
time  when  the  white  people  could  not  be  supplied 
with  that  necessary  ai-ticle. 

"Major  Williamson,  who  commanded  the  militia  in 

*''Tlius  Pearis  swears,  that  lie  'is  assured,  from  what  I  said  to  the 
Indians,  I  intended  to  employ  them  ajfidnst  tlie  white  men,  for  the 
♦•ommittee',  although  it  is  notorious,  at  the  great  store  at  the  Conga- 
rees,  that  I  never  saw  the  Indians  but  in  public,  and  that  the  speec^i 
I  made  to  them  was  by  an  inter|)reter,  in  a  crowded  room,  and  that 
several  copies  were  taken  froni  the  original  draught  of  it,  now  depcjsi- 
ted  emong  the  public  papers,  in  which  draught  and  copies  there  is  no 
foundation  for  Pearis'  oath  and  charge  in  this  j)articular." — Dray- 
ton's "address  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  frontier  settlements".  Jour- 
nal of  Council  of  Safety,  Dec.  6th,  1775,  Collections  S.  C.  Hist.  >Soc., 
Vol.  Ill,  pages  55,  5(i. 


334  THE  HISTORY  OF 

favour  of  Congress,  went  in  quest  of  the  party  which 
had  taken  the  publick  powder,  but  was  soon  obliged 
to  retreat  before  their  superior  numbers.  The  royal- 
ists, irritated  by  the  capture  of  Cunningham,  and 
flushed  with  success  in  seizing  the  powder,  were  at 
this  time  more  numerous  than  at  any  other  period. 
Major  Williamson  was  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  re- 
treating into  a  stockade  fort,  in  which  he  and  his  par- 
ty w^ere  confined  without  any  water,  till,  after  three 
days,  by  digging  they  obtained  a  scanty  supply.  The 
royalists  possessed  themselves  of  the  gaol  at  Ninety- 
Six,  and  from  that  station  tired  into  the  fort.  Mon- 
sieur St.  Pierre,  an  ingenius  French  gentleman  who 
had  settled  there  some  years  before,  and  had  made 
considerable  progress  in  the  cultivation  of  vineyards, 
was  killed  by  the  fire  of  the  royalists,  and  some  others 
were  wounded;  but  on  the  whole,  very  little  execu- 
tion was  done.  After  some  days  the  assailants  hoisted 
a  flag,  and  proposed  a  truce.  Reciprocal  permission 
was  given  to  forward  expresses  from  the  royalists  to 
the  governor,  and  from  major  Williamson  to  the 
council  of  safety.  Both  parties  once  more  dispersed, 
and  retired  to  their  homes. 

"Domestick  division  at  this  time  was  particularly  to 
be  dreaded.  An  invasion  from  Great-Britain  was 
soon  expected.  A  British  fleet  and  army  in  front,  and 
disaffected  inhabitants  in  rear,  threatened  destruction 
to  the  friends  of  Congress.  Lord  William  Campbell 
had  uniformly  recommended  to  the  royalists  to  re- 
main quiet  till  the  arrival  of  a  British  force.  The  ad- 
vice, so  well  calculated  to  distract  the  views  of  the  popu- 
lar leaders,  had  been  providentially  frustrated.  Similar 
reasons  of  policy  to  those  which  induced  the  royal 
governor  to  recommend  inaction  to  the  royalists, 
operated  with  the  council  of  safety  to  crush  their  in- 
testine foes  before  that  force  should   arrive.     Their 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  335 

late  insurrection,  in  violation  of  the  treaty  of  Ninety- 
Six,  gave  ground  to  doubt  of  the  sincerity  of  their  en- 
gagements to  continue  in  a  state  of  neutrality.  From 
their  past  conduct  it  was  feared,  that,  as  soon  as  a 
proper  opportunity  should  offer  itself,  they  would 
throw  their  weight  into  the  royal  scale.  It  was  there- 
fore judged  necessary,  for  the  publick  safety,  to  march 
an    army   into   their   settlements    before   that   event 

should  take  place." 

********* 

"The  provincial  congress  did  not  rest  their  cause  on 
reasoning  alone,  but  enforced  their  measures  with  an 
army  sufficiently  numerous  to  intimidate  opposition. 
The}^  sent  a  large  body  of  militia  and  new  raised  reg- 
ulars, under  the  command  of  colonels  Richardson  and 
Thomson.  They  were  also  joined  by  seven  hundred 
militia  of  North-Carolina,  commanded  by  colonels 
Polk  and  Rutherford,  and  two  hundred  and  twenty 
regulars  commanded  by  colonel  Martin.  In  a  little 
time  Congress  had  an  army  of  several  thousand  men 
under  their  direction,  with  instructions  'to  apprehend 
the  leaders  of  the  party  which  had  seized  the  powder, 
and  to  do  all  other  things  necessary  to  suppress  the 
present  and  prevent  future  insurrections'.  Colonel 
Richardson  proceeded  in  the  execution  of  these  or- 
ders with  great  moderation  and  propriety.  A  demand 
was  made  that  the  persons  who  had  seized  the  powder 
should  be  delivered  up  to  the  justice  of  their  coun- 
try. Assurances  were  publickly  given  that  no  injury 
should  be  done  to  inoffensive  persons,  who  would  re- 
main quietly  on  their  plantations.  The  leaders  of 
the  royalists  found  great  difficulty  in  persuding  their 
followers  to  embody.  They  were  cut  off  from  all  com- 
munication with  governor  Campbell.  Unconnected 
with  their  brethren  in  other  parts,  there  was  no  union 
in  their  measures.     They  were  'a  rope  of  sand'  with- 


336 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


out  order  and  subordination,  and  without  that  en- 
thusiasm which  inspired  the  friends  of  Congress.  Their 
leaders   were   destitute   of    political    knowledge   and 
without  military  experience.     The  unanimity  of  the 
whigs,  and  the  great  numbers  which,  from  all  sides, 
invaded  the  settlements  of  the  royalists,  disheartened 
them  from  facing  their  adversaries  in  the  field  of  bat- 
tle.    They  saw  resistance  to  be  vain,  and  that  the  new 
government  had  much  greater  energy  than  they  had 
supposed.     The  whigs  acted  by  syssteni,  and  in  concert 
with  their  brethren  in  the  adjacent  states,  and  were 
directed  by  a  council  of  safety  composed  of  the  great- 
est and  wisest  men  in  the  province.     They  easily  car- 
ried every  point — seized  the  leaders  of  the  royalists — 
and  dispersed  their  followers.     In  erecting  this  busi- 
ness they  did  not  lose  a  single  man,  and  only  one  of 
their  number,   major  Polk,  was  wounded.     This  de- 
cided superiority  gave  confiden(^e  to  the  popular  lead- 
ers, and  greatly  strengthened  their  hands.     The  van- 
quished royalists  retired  to  their  plantatious;  but  on 
all  occasions  discovered  as  much  obstinacy  in  oppos- 
ing their  countrymen,  as  their  countrymen  did  firm- 
ness in  opposing  Great-Britain.     Several  of  them,  and 
of  others  who  were  averse  from  fighting,  retired  over 
the  mountains,  where,  remote  from  the  noise  and  bus- 
tle of  war,  they  enjoyed  that  independence  for  which 
so  many  were  contending.     In  the  year  1778,  when 
every  inhabitant  was  called  on  to  take  an  oath  of  al- 
legiance to  the  state,  many  of  them  voluntarily  aban- 
doned  their  country   for  the  barren   sands  of  East- 
Florida.     In  the  same  year,  when  the  alliance  between 
France  and  the  United  States  of  America  was  publish- 
ed, others   of  them   nominally  joined   the  Congress. 
Mr.  Robert  Cunningham  and   two  or  three  more  of 
their  leading  men,  were  elected  members  of  the  legis- 
lature.    After  the  reduction  of  Savannah,  a  consider- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  337 

able  party  rose  a  second  time  in  favour  of  royal  gov- 
ernment; but  they  were  completely  routed  on  their 
way  to  the  British  encampments  in  Georgia.*  They 
afterwards  remained  quiet  till  the  British  obtained 
possession  of  Charleston. 

"Excepting  these  ill-concerted  insurrections;  no  pub- 
lick  body  in  the  province,  prior  to  the  British  con- 
quests in  the  year  17S0.  gave  avowed  evidence  of  their 

disapprobation  of  the  popular  measures." 

********* 

"Vigorous  decisive  measures  characterized  the  pop- 
ular party;  while  their  opposers  either  acted  without 
system,  or  from  timid  counsels  which  w^ere  feebly  ex- 
ecuted. 

"No  revolution  was  ever  effected  with  greater  una- 
nimity, or  w  ith  more  oi'der  and  regularity.  The  lead- 
ing men  in  every  part  of  the  province,  with  very  few 
exceptions,  from  the  first  njoments  of  the  contest,  ex- 
erted themselves  in  the  cause  of  their  country.  Their 
abilities  and  influence  gave  union  and  system  to  the 
proceedings  of  the  people.  A  few  persons  in  the  col- 
ony hated  republican  governments,  and  some  ignor- 
ant people  in  the  back  country  were  induced  to  be- 
lieve that  the  whole  was  an  artful  deception,  imposed 
upon  them  for  interested  purposes,  by  the  gentlemen 
of  fortune  and  ambition  on  the  sea  coast.  But  among 
the  independent  enlightened  freemen  of  the  province, 
who  loved  liberty,  and  had  spirit  to  risk  life  and  for- 
tune in  its  support,  there  were  very  few  to  be  found 
who  took  part  with  the  royalists." 

We  have  it,  therefore,  from  Dr.  Ramsay,  an  eye-wit- 
ness, that  the  only  place  in  South  Carolina  where  the 
Toiies  outnumbered  the  Whigs,  was  in  that  little  tri- 
angle between  the  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers — the  great- 

*At  Kettle^  Civt'k,  liy  Col.  Andrew  Pickens. 


338  THE  HISTORY  OF 

er  part  of  which  was  in  Ninety  Six  District  and  the 
lesser  part  in  Orangeburgh  District.  And  that  little 
triangle  constituted  a  very  small  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  the  people  there  dwelling  constituted  a  very 
small  portion  of  the  population  of  South  Carolina,  and 
we  further  have  it  from  Dr.  Ramsay  that  they  were 
either  ignorant,  or  selfish,  republic  haters,  or  timid — 
and  we  might  add— or  criminals,  and  that  it  was  not  a 
difficult  matter  foi' the  well  oi-ganized  Whigs  to  con- 
trol them,  as  they  had  no  organization,  system  or 
ability.  We  have  already  seen  how  they  were  thrice 
brought  into  line,  the  first  time  by  Drayton's  per- 
suasion,— although  he  had  Col.  Thomson's  regiment 
along — the  second  time  by  Richardson  and  Thomson, 
and  the  third  time,  just  after  the  fall  of  Savannah  in 
1778. 

And  the  fact  is  that  nowhere  else  in  South  Carolina 
did  the  Tories  attain  any  strength,  and  if  the  State 
was  ever  overrun  by  Tories  it  was  in  1780,  after  the 
fall  of  Charleston,  and  it  was  not  South  Carolina  To- 
ries that  did  the  overruning.  but  it  was  Clinton's  over- 
whelming army  of  regulars,  assisted  bi/  Tories  direct 
from  the  Northern  States;  those  fron)  East  Florida, 
who  were  the  offscourings  of  the  whole  thirteen  colo- 
nies; those  of  Georgia,  wheie  there  were  many  set- 
tlers only  lately  from  Great-Britain;  and  the  few  fur- 
nished by  South  Carolina.  And  with  all  of  these  odds 
against  them — to  say  nothing  of  tlie  bad  management 
of  Lincoln  and  Gates — the  people  of  South  Carolina 
were  fighting  their  own  battles  and  driving  out  and 
defeating  the  enemy  at  the  very  moment  that  General 
(ireene  was  sent  down  to  their  assistance. 

Toward  the  close  of  1775,  the  Council  of  Safety  in 
Charletown  received  intelligence  of  the  approach  of  a 
powerful  British  fleet  and  army  destined  for  the  re- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  339 

dnction  of  Chai'lestown.  The  Council  immediatelj^  be- 
gan to  make  preparations  for  defending  the  coast. 
With  that  object  in  view  the  following  letter  was  ad- 
dressed to  Col.  Hichardson: 

"Charles-Town,  Dec.  30th,  1775. 

''Sir — We  have  judged  it  necessary  to  detain  your 
messenger  Newton,  upon  an  information  which  we 
have  received  by  express  from  the  Committee  at 
George-Town,  of  a  fleet  of  ships  having  been  seen  sail- 
ing southerly  on  Christmas  evening,  said  to  be  eighteen 
sail,  five  of  which  are  very  large — the  weather  has 
ever  since  been  l)oisterous  and  thick,  in  which  no  ship 
could  with  safety  approach  the  land^ — the  first  clear 
day  will  probably  confirm  or  remove  our  apprehen- 
sions. In  the  mean  time  we  shall  direct  Col.  Thom- 
son to  march  his  Regiment  of  [{angers  immediately  to 
Monck's  Corner,  and  if  you  can  prevail  upon  a  body 
of  volunteer  foot,  fronj  500  to  1,000  men,  under  proper 
officers,  also  to  march  to  the  same  place,  we  desire 
you  to  do  so.  The  conimanding  officer,  upon  his  ap- 
proach, will  give  notice  to  this  board,  and  we  will 
transmit  the  necessary  orders  for  his  further  proceed- 
ings, and  we  shall  give  orders  after  their  encampment 
that  payments  be  regularly  made  to  the  troops,  and 
rations  of  provision  duly  served  to  the  companies. 
We  confine  our  application  wholly  to  volunteers,  be- 
cause we  would  not  harrass  the  militia  who  have  al- 
ready been  engaged  in  a  severe  service,  nor  call  upon 
them  out  of  turn  but  by  their  own  consent. 

"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President.'" 

On  the  same  da}'  the  following  letter  was  addressed 
to  Col.  Thomson: 

"Sir — If  Col.  Richardson  from  some  unexpected  oc- 
currence shall  not  find  it  necessary  to  detain  you'  in 


340  THE  HISTORY  OF 

his  army  for  the  service  of  the  colony,  you  are  direct- 
ed to  march  that  part  of  your  regiment  of  Rangers 
now  with  you,  with  all  expedition  to  Monck's  Corner, 
and  upon  your  approach  to  that  place,  to  give  notice 
to  this  board. 

"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 

"Col.  Thomson." 

Col.  Thomson  was  next  placed  in  charge  of  the  fort 
at  Dorchester,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  extract 
from  an  order  from  the  Council  of  Safety,  dated  Jan- 
uary 3rd,  1776,  to  Col.  Joseph  Glover,  then  command- 
ing at  Dorchester:  "You  will,  at  the  end  of  the  sta- 
ted time  for  service  of  the  draughts  now  upon  duty, 
discharge  the  whole,  and  have  the  command  with  the 
othcer  of  the  Regiment  of  Rangers." 

Next  we  extract  from  the  Journal  of  the  Council  of 
Safety  for  January  12th,  1776:*  "Col.  Huger,  Col. 
Motte,  Col.  Thomson  and  Col.  Roberts,  being  ordered 
to  attend,  and  attending  accordingly,  were  conferred 
with. 

''Ordered,  That  Col.  Thomson  do  cause  a  detach- 
ment of  fifty  or  sixty  of  such  of  his  rangers  as  are 
good  riflemen  and  will  volunteer  to  go  on  the  service, 
to  proceed  to  Sullivan's  Island,  immediately,  for  the 
better  securing  the  possession  thereof. 

''Ordered,  That  Col.  Thomson  be  immediately  sup- 
plied with  twenty-five  pounds  of  gun-powder  and  one 
hundred  pounds  of  lead,  for  the  use  of  the  said  detach- 
ment."! 

^Collections  S.  C.  Hist.  Soc,  Vol.  Til,  pages  170  and  171. 

f^^ Ordered,  That  one  quarter  of  a  lumdred  more  of  ji:uiii)o\vder  be 
issued  innnediately  to  Col.  Thomson. 

^'Ordered,  That  fifty  weight  more  of  lead  lie  immediately  issued  to 
Col.  Thomson." — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  13th,  177(i. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  341 

<t  day 
Thomson: 


The  next  day  the  f()]h)wiiig  order  was  sent  to  Col. 


"In  the  Council  of  Safety,  ( 
"Jan.  13th,  1775.    \ 

"Sir — You  are  to  detach  as  many  of  your  regiment  of 
rangers  with  rifles  and  other  good  guns,  in  failure  of 
rifles,  as  will  voluntarily  go,*  to  Sullivan's  Island,  un- 
der the  command  of  Major  Mayson;  who  must  apply 
to  Capt.  Edward  Blake  early  to-morrow  for  proper 
means  of  transportation;  which  will  be  provided  by 
him. 

'"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 

"Lieut.  Col.  Thomson." 

On  January  14th,  "Col.  Thomson  of  the  Rangers,  re- 
ported, that  sixty-six  rank  and  file,  and  eight  officers, 
of  his  regiment,  had  embarked  for  Sullivan's  Island, 
together  with  twenty-eight  of  the  prisoners  under  his 
charge,  who  declared  themselves  willing  to  give  all 
possible  assistance  in  forwarding  the  works  to  be 
erected  there."! 

*Iii  a  letter,  of  tlie  same  date  as  the  above,  to  Dr.  Oliphaiit,  Henry 
Laurens  wrote:  "The  ranjfers  are  heartily  disposed  to  the  service". 

t.I<»urnal  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  14,  1776. 

"Col.  Thomson  also  reported  the  names  of  some  other  prisoners  less 
criminal  than  the  rest,  iiaving  been  misled,  as  objects  of  the  council's 
mercy,  and  fit  to  be  disciiarged." — .Journal  of  the  Council  of  Safety, 
Jan.  14th,  177().  Six  prisoners  were  discharged  on  this  recommenda- 
tion. 

"Col.  Thomson  accjuainted  the  board,  that  he  had  brought  down 
all  such  of  those  prisoners  sent  to  tf)wn  by  Col.  Richardson,  as  had 
not  been  already  discharged,  or  gone  to  work  on  Sullivan's  Island." 
—Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  .Tan.  15,  177().  The  last  of  the  prison- 
ers were  thereupon  discharged. 

"To  Col.  Thomson,  to  pay  4!t  days  wages  of  rangers  employed  as 

carpenter's  on  Sullivan's  Islajid,  at  15s., 36     15     00". — .Journal  of 

Council  of  Safety,  .Jan.  29,  1776. 

"To  Col.  Thomson,  for  discharging  the  i)ay  allowed  to  prisoners 
from  the  back  country,  who  have  laboure<l  for  the  public,  on  Sulli- 


842  THE  HISTORY  OF 

III  the  midst  of  all  of  these  prepa rations  for  war. 
Col.  Thomson  was  obliged  to  turn  his  attention  to  a 
matter  of  discipline  in  his  regiment,  for,  from  the 
Journal  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  for  January  23rd,  we 
learn  that  on  that  day  Colonel  Thomson  "applied  for 
a  warrant  to  hold  a  general  court  martial",  which  was 
granted.  From  the  Journal  of  the  Council  of  Safety 
for  January  29th  we  learn  that  William  Morris  was 
tried  by  this  court-martial  for  nuitiny,  and  that  he 
was  convicted,  and  sentenced  by  the  court-martial  to 
receive  two  hundred  and  fifty  lashes  and  be  sent  a 
prisoner  on  board  the  ship  Prosper.  This  sentence 
was  approved  by  the  Council,  except  as  to  sending 
Morris  on  board  the  Prosper. 

At  tliis  time  Col.  Thomson's  regiment  was  ver}' 
much  divided  up.  About  one  hundred  of  his  men  were 
on  duty  in  Charlestown;*  Capt.  Caldwell,  with  his  com- 
pany, was  stationed  at  Fort  Charlotte;!  Capt.  Purvis, 

van's  Island,  and  are  now  disfhargtHl,...i:llS     00      ()."— Journal  of 
Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  23,  1776. 

*.]ournHl  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  2(5,  177<i. 

t  "To  Capt.  John  Caldwell,  the  i)ay-hills  of  his  company  of  rangers 
from  September  26th,  to  1775,  Jan.  20th,  1775, £8525  11  8".— Jour- 
nal of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  25,  1776. 

"We  desire  you  will  augment  the  numl)er  of  militia  now  on  duty 
in  Fort  Charlotte  to  the  full  luunher  of  militia  and  rangers  which  are 
there  at  present,  and  put  them  under  the  command  of  an  otlicer  in 
whom  you  can  confide."  •  *  "  *  "When  this  order  is 
carried  into  effect,  Capt.  Caldwell  will  withdraw  the  rangers  and 
march  to  Charlestown;  we  therefore  recommend  it  to  immediate  exe- 
cution." 

*  *  *  *  *  -.i  *  *  *  -;•:■  -X-  *  * 

"('apt.  Caldwell  has  presentKl  to  us  an  account  for  work  done  at 
the  Fort  by  certain  Carpenters,  in  which  the  charges  appear  to  be  ex- 
tremely high,  and  the  Captain  has  nothing  to  say  in  support  of  them, 
and  declares  himself  a  bad  judge  of  such  matters;  the  amount  moreo- 
ver is  neither  certified  nor  attested.  We  tiierefore  take  the  liberty  of 
enclosing  it  un<ler  this  cover,  and  we  desire  you  will  cause  a  projjcr 
iiupiiry  to  be  made,  and  give  us  the  needful  hiformation." — Council 
of  Safety  to  Maj.  Willamson,  Jan.  25,  1776. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  343 

with  his  company,  was  stationed  at  Dorchester;*  and 
perhaps  other  detachments  were  serving  elsewhere, 
but  from  the  [leadings  of  the  letters  iii  Col.  Thomson's 
order  book  we  are  led  to  conclude  that  his  headquar- 
ters during  the  spring  of  1776.  were  about  the  Ten  Mile 
House.  The  following  is  a  copy  of  one  of  Col.  Thom- 
so!i's  orders  during  this  pei-iod  of  preparation  for  a 
British  attack: 

"March  17.  1776. 
"7o  Capi.  Roberi  Goothrin,  Coiiyanrs. 

"Dear  Sir: — 1  expect  to  see  you  at  Nelson's  Ferry  l)y 
Friday  next,  or  Saturday  at  farthest,  with  your  old 
Company  and  all  your  new  recruits.  If  you  will  call 
on  me  Thursday  or  Friday,  1  will  go  to  Nelson's  Ferry. 
Please  to  order  Lieut,  Liles  to  recruit  men  for  Capt. 
Donaldson.*  as  he  is  in  his  Company.  [  hope  your 
Company  will  be  full  very  soon. 

"I  am.  dear  sir,  your  humble  serf.. 

"Wm.  Thomson." 

On  the  first  of  June  advices  were  received  in  Char- 
lestown  that  a  fleet  was  at  anchor  off  Charlestown  bar. 
The  next  day  orders  were  sent  to  the  country  troops 
to  repair  to  the  defense  of  Charlestown.     Col.  Thoni- 

"lu  the  Council  of  Safety,  I 
Jan.  27th,  1776.     "     i 
"Sir — We  desire  you  will  order  ('apt.  Caldwell  to  return  to  Fort 
Charlotte;  and  as  soon  as  Major  Williamson  shall  have  put  into  that 
post  as  many  militia  men  as  will  replace  Capt.  Caldwell's  company, 
iie  is  to  march  to  Charles-Town,  with  that  company,  and  report  his 
arrival  to  the  Congress  or  this  hoard. 
"By  order, 

"Henry  Laurens,  President. 
"Col.  Thomson." 

*See  letter  to  Capt.  Purvis,  dated  Jan.  -'{0,  177H.— .Journal  of  Council 
of  Safety,  .Ian.  ;^1,  177B. 

"Read  a  return  of  the  gunpowder  and  other  stores  at  Dorcliester, 
received  from  Capt.  Purves,  dated  1st  inst."— Journal  of  Council  of 
Safety,  Fel>.  3,  177(). 


344  THE  HISTORY  OF 

son's  regiment  was  mHrched  down  from  the  Ten  Mile 
House,  and  the  2nd  and  3rd  regiments  of  regulars,  un- 
der Colonels  William  Moultrie  and  William  Thomson, 
respectively,  were  stationed  on  Sullivan's  Island.  On 
June  8th,  Gen.  Charles  Lee,  who  commanded  all  the 
forces  in  and  about  Charlestown,  issued  the  following 
order  to  Col.  Moultrie: 

"Charlestown,  S  o'clock,  June  8th. 
"Sir, 

"As  we  have  received  information  that  a  body 
of  the  enemy  have  landed,  and  are  lodging  themselves 
on  Long-Island,  and  as  the  nature  of  the  country  is 
represented  to  me  as  favorable  to  riflemen,  I  must  re- 
quest that  you  immediately  detach  Thomson's  and 
Sumpter's  regiments;  Capts.  Alston's,  Mayhara's,  and 
Coutirier's  companies  to  that  Island,  vvith  orders  to  at- 
tack, and  if  possible,  dislodge  this  corps  of  the  enemy; 
.  .  .  but  you  must  above  all,  take  care,  that  their  re- 
treat across  the  breach  from  Long-Island  to  Sullivan's 
Island,  is  secured  to  them  in  case  of  necessity.  For 
which  purpose,  you  are  desired  to  move  down  to  the 
point,  commanding  the  breach,  two  field-pieces;  .  .  . 
the  sooner  it  is  done  the  better:  .  .  .  you  are  there- 
fore to  exert  yourself  in  such  a  manner  that  the  attack 
may  be  made  at  break  of  day. 

"I  an],  sir,  yours. 
"To  Col.  Moultrie.  "Charles  Lee. 

"Major  General." 

In  another  letter  to  Col.  Moultrie  of  the  same  date. 
Gen.  Lee  wrote:  "I  have  ordered  a  considerable  rein- 
forcement of  riflemen  to  join  Colonel  Thomson,  which, 
with  the  advantages  of  ground  ought  to  make  you  to- 
tally secure." 

The  following  is  Col.  Moultrie's  reply  to  Gen.  Lee: 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  345 

"Sullivan's  Island,  June  10th,  1776. 
"Sir. 

"I  just  now  received  your  orders  for  detaching 
Thompson  and  Sunipter's  regiment;^,  AUston,  Mayham 
and  Coutirier's  companies.  By  the  date  of  your  letter 
it  seems  as  if  you  intended  this  business  to  have  been 
done  this  morning,  but  your  letter  came  too  late  to 
hand  for  that  purpose,  1  shall  send  the  detachment 
to  our  advance  guard,  there  to  remain  with  their 
boats  for  crossing  them,  hid  till  night,  then  shall  em- 
bark them  for  Long-Island,  where  they  may  be  re- 
connoitreing  till  day-light."       *       *       * 

'*I  am,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 

'* William  Moultrie, 
"Col.  2d.  regiment."    ^ 

But  before  night  Col.  Moultrie  received  the  follow- 
ing letter: 

"June  the  10th,  6  o'clock,  P.  M. 
''Sir  ; 

•'I  am  just  returned  from  an  excursion  into  the 
country  ....  As  the  large  ships  are  now  over  the 
l)ar,  and  as  your  bridge  must  be  finished:  1  would  wish 
you  would  lay  asside  all  thoughts  of  an  expedition 
against  Long-Island,  unless  your  scouts  bring  such 
intelligence  as  almost  to  insure  a  successful  stroke. 

"I  am,  sir.  yours, 

"Charles  Lee. 
"To  Col.  Moultrie. 

"Sullivan's  Island." 

In  a  letter  to  Col.  Moultrie,  dated  the  11th,  Gen. 
Lee  wrote:  "I  hope  the  point  of  your  Island,  oppo- 
site to  Long-Island  is  secui'e  against  the  enemy  lodg- 
ing there."  The  task  of  guarding  that  point  had 
been  enti-usted  to  Col.  'IMiomson. 

On   June   16th   Col.   Moultrie   wrote   to  Cen.   Arm- 


346  THE  HISTORY  OF 

strong,  who  commanded  at  HaddreH's  Point,  on  the 
mainland:  "Col.  Thompson  is  now  with  me,  and  in- 
forms me  that  he  has  taken  particular  notice  of  the 
movement  of  the  enemy,  he  observed  about  10  o'clock, 
200  grenadiers,  and  a  small  battalion,  (which  he 
imagines  came  from  Dewee  to  cover  the  landing  of 
the  rest)  where  they  posted  themselves,  about  one 
mile  from  our  advanced  guard,  and  waited  until  about 
seventeen  hundred  men  were  landed.  They  then 
marched  off  to  Dewees'  Island,  he  observed  every  six 
men  carried  something  like  a  tent;  they  are  still 
landing  as  fast  as  the  boats  can  bring  them.  Col. 
Thompson  begs  that  he  may  have  at  least  his  own  men 
which  are  over  with  you  (one  hundred)  without  whom 
he  cannot  undertake  to  prevent  their  landing  on  this 
island,  should  they  attempt  it.  We  are  all  in  high 
spirits,  and  will  keep  a  good  look  out  to  prevent  a  sur- 
prise. Col.  Thompson  requests  as  a  favor,  if  you  have 
time,  that  you  would  come  over  and  take  a  ride  on 
the  island  to  observe  what  a  length  of  ground  we  have 
to  defend."  To  this  Gen.  Armstrong  replied,  on  the 
same  day:  "I  shall  do  my  utmost  to  comply  with 
yours  and  (]ol.  Thompson's  request,  respecting  the  resi- 
due of  his  regiment,  no  passage  over,  unless  you  can 
send  boats  in  the  morning."  *  *  *  *  ^q  y^^ 
no  reason  why  you  may  not  also  reinforce  Col.  Thom- 
son: nay,  if  they  appear  indeed  to  land  on  Sullivan's 
it  must  be  done,  and  the  point  at  the  island  where 
they  may  best  land,  prudently  and  vigorously  defend- 
ed at  all  events.     Let  the  Col.  know  this.'* 

On  the  21st,  Cen.  Lee  wrote  to  Col,  Moultrie:  "Those 
two  field  pieces  at  the  very  end  of  the  point,  are  so 
exposed  that  1  desire  you  will  draw  them  oflf'  to  a  more 
secure  distance  from  the  enemy  ...  in  their  present 
situation  it  appears  to  me,  they  may  be  carried  oft' 
when  ever  the  enemy  think  proper." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  347 

III  a  letter  to  Col.  Isaac  Hayiie,  dated  June  24th, 
Hon.  Richard  Hiitson  relates  the  following  incidents 
concerning  the  3rd  regiment: 

"On  their  sending  their  first  reconnoitering  party 
upon  Long  Island,  one  of  their  men  was  shot  by  one 
of  our  Riflemen.  He  was  dressed  in  red,  faced  with 
black,  and  had  a  cockade  and  feather  in  his  hat  and  a 
sword  by  his  side.  By  which  it  appears  that  he  was 
an  officer;  but  that  is  all  we  know  about  him.  Some 
time  after  there  happened  an  affair  of  a  very  tragi- 
comical nature;  when  they  began  to  effect  a  landing 
on  Long  Island  our  President  offered  a  premiurii  of 
tliirty  guineas  to  any  of  the  Riflemen  who  should  first 
take  one  of  the  King's  troops  prisoner'.  Accordingly 
three  of  them  went  over  one  night  for  that  purpose. 
Two  of  them  agreed  to  keep  together,  the  other  deter- 
mined to  go  by  himself.  In  the  morning  by  twilight 
the  one  that  was  alone  descried  the  two  others  at  a 
distance,  and  imagining  that  they  were  the  King's 
troops,  took  up  his  gun  to  fire  at  them,  thinking,  I 
snppose,  to  kill  one  and  then  take  the  other  alive;  one 
of  the  others  seeing  his  piece  presented,  was  quicker 
than  he  was  and  shot  him  through  the  thigh,  upon 
which  he  fell.  They  immediately  ran  up,  dragged 
him  to  the  boat,  threw  him  in  and  pushed  off,  all 
thinking  that  he  was  one  of  the  King's  troops.  They 
had  got  a  considerable  distance  from  the  shore  before 
the  poor  man  was  sufficiently  recovered  from  his  fright 
to  speak.  As  soon  as  he  spoke  they  discovered  their 
mistake.  He  is  likely  to  recover.'*  *  *  *  * 
"There  was  a  sham  battle  the  other  day  between  our 
men  on  Sullivan's  Island,  and  the  troops  on  Long  Island. 
Some  of  our  Riflemen  had  been  over  in  order  to 
endeavor  to  obtain  the  President's  premium,  and 
on  Friday  morning  last,  the  King's  troops  tracked 
them  down  to  the  Breach  between  the  two  islands. 


348  THE  HISTORY  OF 

which  tit  low  water  is  foixlable.  As  soon  as  our  guard 
upon  Sullivan's  Island  discovered  them,  they  fired 
upon  them  with  a  field  piece,  which  they  returned 
l)y  Platoons  of  Musketry.  They  continued  firing  at 
each  other  in  this  manner  across  the  Breach  for 
several  hours.  One  of  our  men  had  one  of  his  hands 
blown  off  by  our  own  Field-Piece,  which  went  off 
while  he  was  loading  it,  owing  to  its  not  having  been 
sponged.  Two  others  were  wounded  by  tlie  enemy. 
We  have  not  learnt  what  loss  they  have  sustained." 

It  was  doubtless  this  same  "sham   battle"  that  in- 
duced Gen.  Lee,  on  June  22nd,  to  write  the  following 
to  Col.  Moultrie: 
"Sir, 

"Inclosed  is  a  letter  for  Col.  Thompson:  I  send  it 
open  that  you  may  read  it:  for  allowing  for  the  differ- 
ence of  his  circumstances  as  a  rifle  officer,  the  spirit 
of  the  order  is  to  extend  to  the  whole:  no  vague  un- 
certain firing  either  of  rifles,  muskets,  or  cannon  is  to 
be  permitted."  And  Gen.  Lee  was  probably  referring 
to  the  three  adventurers,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Hutson, 
when  he  continued,  in  the  same  letter:  "Soldiers  run- 
ning at  random  wherever  their  folly  directs,  is  an  ab- 
solute abon)ination  not  to  be  tolerated." 

But  it  appears  that  a  few  days  later  there  was  an- 
other exchange  of  shots  between  Thomson's  men  and 
the  enemy,  for  on  June  27th,  Mr.  Hutson  wrote  again: 
"The  firing  yesterday  was  between  the  troops  on  Long- 
Island  and  our  advanced  Guard  on  Sullivan's  Island, 
across  the  Breach.  They  fired  with  Field  Pieces,  and 
threw  several  shells.  The  President  and  General  Lee 
were  down  there  at  the  time.  One  of  the  shells  burst- 
ed  within  a  few  yards  of  the  President,  and  he  brought 
a  piece  of  it  up  to  Town  with  him.  They  did  not  do 
anv  execution  and  General  Lee  would  suffer  oniv  two 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  349 

shots  to  be  returned  from  an  eighteen  pounder  which 
has  been  carried  down  there." 

On  the  27th,  Gen.  Lee,  in  a  letter  to  Col.  Moultrie, 
wrote:  "I  have  ordered  Gen.  Armstrong  to  send  an 
hundred  volunteers  to  ease  Col.  Thompson's  regiment 
of  their  heavy  duty,  for  I  find,  that  a  part  of  Col.  Hor- 
ry's regiment*  had  most  magnanimously  refused  to 
take  this  duty  on  them:  We  shall  live  I  hope  to 
thank  them." 

On  the  28th  of  June  the  British  fleet,  having  crossed 
the  bar,  bore  down  on  the  little  fort  that  Colonel 
Moultrie  occupied  at  the  western  extremity  of  Sulli- 
van's Island, — but  the  result  of  the  British  admiral's 
temerity  on  that  occasion,  in  bearing  down  upon  that 
fort,  is  too  well  known.  The  battle,  of  Fort  Sullivan 
is  American  history.  We  have  only  to  deal  with  the 
part  taken  by  our  own  Thomson  at  the  other  end  of 
the  Island. 

About  the  same  time  that  the  British  fleet  moved  to 
attack  Col.  Moultrie's  fort,  the  British  army  of  tw^o 
thousand  regulars,  under  General  Sir  Henry  Clinton, 
marched  down  to  the  western  extremity  of  Long 
Island,  and  attempted  to  cross  the  inlet,  where  it  is 
fordable  at  low  water,  over  to  Sullivan's  Island.  Clin- 
ton's army  was  flanked  by  an  armed  schooner  and 
a  sloop,  and  by  a  strong  flotilla  of  armed  boats  from 
the  fleet,  with  orders  to  co-operate  with  the  army. 
But  Col.  Thomson's  sharpshooters  and  artillerists  not 
only  drove  Clinton's  regulars  back  from  the  ford  as 
often  as  they  attempted  to  cross  it,  but  swept  the 
decks  of  the  flotills^  as  often  as  it  approached  to  aid 
the  army.  And  after  a  short  and  decisive  fight  the 
army  was  defeated  and  driven  off^  and  the  flotilla  dis- 

*Militia. 


350  THE  HISTORY  OF 

porsed.  Clinton's  forces,  including  the  marines,  num- 
bered nearly  two  thousand  more  than  Thomson's,  and 
yet  Col.  Thonison  bad  not  a  man  killed  and  only  one 
wounded. 

While  the  tight  was  going  on  Gen.  Lee  sent  tiie  fol- 
lowing letter  to  Col.  Moultrie: 

"Dear  Col. 

"Mr.  Byrd  makes  reports  of  your  condnct 
which  does  you  infinite  honor;  they  are  indeed  such 
as  I  expected.  I  have  sent  for  more  ammunition  for 
you,  and  ordered  a  large  corps  of  riflemen  to  reinforce 
Col.  Thompson."  Whether  Col.  Thomson  received  these 
reinforcements  before,  during,  or  after  his  fight,  the 
records  do  not  state;  but  Gen.  Moultrie  in  his  ''Me- 
moirs." p.  142.  says  that  Col.  Thomson's  force  corjsist- 
ed  of  his  own  regiment  of  300  men,  Col.  Clarke  with 
200  North  Carolina  regulars.  Col.  Horry  with  200 
South  Carolina  troops,  and  the  Racoon  Company  of 
50  militia  riflemen.  He  further  says:  "Col.  Thomp- 
son had  orders  that  if  they  could  not  stand  the  enemy 
they  were  to  throw  themselves  into  the  fort" — an  or- 
der which,  it  appears,  he  was  not  put  to  the  necessity 
of  obeying. 

On  the  day  after  the  battles.  Gen.  Lee  wrote  Col. 
Moultrie  a  letter  of  thanks,  to  which  his  secretary 
added  the  following  postscript:  "The  General  desires 
that  Col,  Thompson  w\\\  send  as  soon  as  he  can,  a  re- 
turn of  all  occurrences  in  his  part  of  the  Island." 

"On  July  1st,  (lien.  Lee  addressed  a  letter  to  Col. 
Moultrie  to  which  he  added  the  following  postscript: 
"I  must  request  that  your  garrison  may  be  kept  more 
vigilant  than  ever,  and  that  Col.  Thompson  and  his 
corps  do  not  relax;  for  it  is  almost  proverbial  in  war, 
that  we  are  never  in  so  great  danger  as  when  success 
makes  us  confident."     But  the  British  were  satisfied 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  351 

with  the  drubbings  they  had  received,  and  soon  sailed 
away  from  our  coast. 

For  his  splendid  victory  over  Clinton,  the  Continen- 
tal Congress  included  Colonel  'rbomson's  name  in  the 
general  resolution  df  thanks  to  the  victorious  forces 
on  this  occasion. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  resolution:* 

-Philadelphia.  July  20th,  1776. 
"In  Congress. 
"Pipsolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  be  given  to  Maj.  Gen.  Lee,  Col.  William 
Moultrie,  Col.  William  Thompson,  and  the  officers 
and  soldiers  under  their  comman*ls;  who,  on  the  28th 
of  June  last,  repulsed,  with  so  much  valor,  the  attack 
which  was  made  on  the  State  of  South-Carolina,  by 
the  fleet  and  army  of  his  Britannic  majesty. 

"That  Mr.  President  transmit  the  foregoing  resolu- 
tion to  Maj.  Cen.  Lee,  Col.  Moultrie,  and  Col.  Thomp- 
son. 

■'By  order  of  the  Congress. 

"John  Hancock,  President."'! 

The  six  South  Carolina  regular  regiments  were  now, 
by  resolutions  of  the  Continental  Congress,  passed  June 
18th,  and  July  24th,  1776,  put  regularly  upon  the  Conti- 
nental Establishment,  and  the  South  Carolina  officers 
came  into  the  Continental  line  as  the  youngest  officers 
of  their  respective  ranks,  as  will  appear  by  the  follow- 
ing resolution  of  the  General  Assembly  of  South  Caro- 
lina, passed  September  20th.  1776:  "Resolved,  that 
this  house  do  acquiesce  in  the  resolution  of  the  conti- 
nental Congress  of  the  18th  of  June,  and  the  24th  of 
July  last,  relative  to  the  putting  the  two  regiments  of 

♦Moultrie's  Memoirs,  Vol.  I,  page  183. 

fFor  Col.  Thomson's  tiDswer  to  this  letter  see  his  order  book  for 
Aug.  14,  177(>. 


352  THE  HISTORY  OF 

infantiy,  the  regiment  of  rangers.*  the  regiment  of  ar- 
tiller\',  and  the  two  regiments  of  riflemen,  in  the  sei-- 
vice  of  this  state,  upon  the  continental  establish- 
ment." 

Hildreth  says,  Histor}^  United  States,  Vol.  III.,  Chap- 
ter XXXII.,  p.  109,  that  "Congress  had  already!  taken 
into  Colonial  pay:|:  the  three  regiments  of  South  (Caro- 
lina, presently  increased  to  five". 

In  the  month  of  July  following  his  victory  ovei' 
Clinton,  Col,  Thomson  was  called  upon  to  furnish  a  de- 
tachment for  an  expedition  against  the  Cherokee  In- 
dians in  the  upper  part  of  South  Carolina. 

Upon  the  breaking  out  of  hostilities,  the  British 
agents  in  the  South  instigated  the  Cherokee  Indians 
to  take  up  arms  against  the  colonists.  An  Indian  war 
commenced,  and  was  carried  on  with  its  usual  barbari- 
ty.§  The  speedy  departure,  however,  of  the  British 
fleet  from  the  sea  coast,  after  their  unsuccessful  attack 
on  Fort  Sullivan,  gave  an  opportunity  to  concentrate 
a  large  force  for  the  chastisement  of  the  savages. 

Col.  Andrew  Williamson,!'  of  Ninety  Six  District, 
commanded  the  forces  in  this  expedition.  With  a 
small  force  of  militia  he  began  his  march  on  the  third 
of  July.     His  force  being  small,  his  progress  was  ne- 

*  "There  are  some  of  my  officers,  I  am  informed,  who  will  not  take 
Continental  Commissions". — Col.  Thomson  to  Major  Morgan  Conner, 
January  2nd,  1777. 

tTowanl  the  chjse  of  1775. 

JTt  was  'T'olonial  pay"  in  name  only,  for  fieneral  Moultrie  says 
that  up  to  April,  1778,  "the  state  Iiad  paid  and  clothed  the  troojts, 
and  furnished  every  article  that  was  necessary  for  military  operations 
from  their  own  stores,  the  continent  having  nothing  here  at  the 
time".— Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  page  864. 

?Mr.  Francis  Salvador  stated  in  a  letter  lo  Mr.  Drayton,  dated  July 
IS,  1776,  that  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  up-connfy  were  so  panic 
stricken  that  they  fled  as  low  down  as  (^rangeburgh. — I)raytoi\'s 
Memoirs  Vol.  II,  page  363. 

l|He  was  promoted  colonel  uhiU'  on  this  expedition. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  353 

cessai'ily  slow.  On  the  IGth  lie  reached  Dewett's  Cor- 
ner near  the  Cherokee  houndary  line.  Here  he  was 
joined  by  Capt.  Felix  Warley,  of  Thomson's  regiment, 
with  a  detachment  of  a  hnndred  rangers,  and  a  con- 
voy of  wagons  with  anununition,  arms,  and  stores.* 

The  Carolinians  had  several  sluir|)  engagements 
with  the  Indians,  bnt  they  finally  defeated  them; 
traversed  their  whole  country;  and  laid  waste  their 
fields  of  coin;  and  about  five  hundred  of  the  Chero- 
kees  were  forced  to  take  refuge  in  West  Florida, 
where  they  were  fed  at  the  expense  of  the  British 
government.     Of  this  expedition  Ramsay  says: 

"None  of  all  the  expeditions  before  undertaken 
against  the  savages  had  been  so  successful  as  this  first 
effort  of  the  new-horn  conjmon wealth.  In  less  than 
three  months,  viz.  from  the  15th  of  July  to  the  Uth  of 
October  1776  the  business  was  completed,  and  the  na- 
tion of  the  Cherokees  so  far  subdued  as  to  be  incapa- 
ble of  annoying  the  settlements.  The  whole  loss  of 
the  Americans  in  the  expedition  did  not  exceed  fifty 
men,  but  in  this  number  was  that  w^oithy  citizen  Mr. 
Francis  Salvador.''}- 

In  August,  1770,  Gen.  Charles  Lee,  comiiianding  the 
troops  in  South  Carolina,  undertook  an  expedition 
against  the  British  province  of  East  Florida.  Presi- 
dent Rutledge  gave  oi'ders  to  Col.  Thomson  to  send 
130  men  of  his  regiment  with  Gen.  Lee.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  order  Col.  Thomson,  on  August  7th,  is- 
sued an  order  to  Major  Mayson  to  take  command  of 
this  detachment  at  Savannah.     Gen.  Lee's  expedition 

*  "Captain  Warley  with  this  loaded  eoiivoy,  luairhed  from  Charlew- 
tovvn  to  Dewett's  Comer,  by  the  road  aloiiji  the  Coiigaree  and  Hard- 
Lahour  Creek,  in  fourteen  days." — Drayton's  Memoirs.  Vol.  II,  page 
843,  foot  note. 

tFor  a  sketch  of  this  jieiitleman  see  Drayton's  RIeinoirs,  Vol.  II, 
])a,ires  847,  84S. 


354  THE  HISTORY  OF 

left  Savannah  in  September  and  marched  towai'd  St. 
Augustine;  but  two  days  thereafter  Gen.  Lee  received 
an  express  from  Congress  ordering  him  to  the  north- 
wai'd  with  the  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  troops. 
This  put  an  end  to  the  expedition,  and  Major  Mayson 
returned  to  the  Congarees  with  liis  detachment  in  Oc- 
tober, and  at  once  gave  his  men  furloughs  for  thirty 
days,  for  recuperating. 

On  October  the  6th  we  find,  by  his  own  order  book, 
that  Col.  Thomson  was  in  camp  at  the  Congarees 
with  161  officers  and  privates,  with  the  detachment 
that  had  been  sent  to  East  Florida  not  yet  returned, 
though  it  did  return  a  few  days  later. 

Scarcely  had  the  detachment  under  Major  Mayson 
returned  from  Georgia,  when  Col.  Thomson  was  or- 
dered to  send  off  another  detachment  to  assist  the 
Georgians.  This  detachment,  consisting  of  two  cap- 
tains, three  lieutenants,  three  sergeants  and  ninety- 
three  privates,  marched  from  the  camp  at  Congarees 
on  October  14th,  1776,  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
John  Caldwell,  with  orders  from  Col.  Thomson  to  cross 
the  Savannah  just  below  Augusta  and  proceed  to  Fort 
Barrington  on  the  Altamaha.  A  second  detachment, 
of  seven  privates  and  a,  sergeant,  under  command  of 
Lieut.  Beames,  marched,  on  October  ISth,  to  join  Capt. 
Caldwell,  and  took  orders  to  Capt.  Caldwell  instruct- 
ing him  to  execute  his  orders,  and  then  to  join  the 
regiment  wherever  it  should  then  be. 

On  the  2Sth  of  December,  a  detachment  under  Capt.' 
Richard  Winn  was  ordered  to  Georgia  to  relieve  Capt. 
Caldwell  and  his  detachment. 

The  next  service  required  of  the  3rd  regiment  was 
to  go  to  Georgia,  in  1777,  under  General  Robert  Howe, 
who  then  commanded  the  troops  in  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia.     Gen.  Howe,  in  February,  1777.  received 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  355 

intelligence  from  Georgia  tliat  a  body  of  regular 
troops,  under  (V)l.  Fuser,  were  marching  to  invade 
Georgia,  and  he  immediately  left  C'harlestown  for  Sa- 
vannah; but  the  enemy  soon  retreated,  and  in  March 
following,  Generals  (ladsden  and  Moultrie,  command- 
ing at  Charlestown,  requested  Gen.  Howe  to  return  to 
that  city,  which  he  did  in  June  following.  In  the 
meantime  he  wiote  a  letter  to  Gen.  Moultiie,  from 
Savannah,  on  March  IGth,  in  which  he  said:  "Thomp- 
son's are  at  Purisburgh,  and  will  he  ordered  to  march 
to-morrow."*  They  were  ]n'obably  marched  back  to 
their  homes,  for  we  find  in  Col.  Thomson's  order  book 
a  letter,  dated  at  "Charles  Town  25th  April  1777",  di- 
rected to  Maj.  Wise,  in  "Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferry", 
ordering  him  to  send  a  detachment  to  Charlestown. 

During  the  remainder  of  the  year  1 777,  Col.  Thomson's 
regiment  was  divided  up  into  detachments,  which  per- 
formed various  duties  in  difl'erent  parts  of  South  Caro- 
lina. One  detachment,  for  some  time,  guarded  the 
jail  at  Ninety-Six,  another,  under  Capt.  Lyles,  was,  on 
August  16th,  ordered  to  capture  several  Tory  leaders 
in  Ninety-Six  district  and  convey  them  to  Charles- 
town jail,  v^hile  othei'  detachmerits  w^ere  given  other 
similar  duties  to  perform.  The  regiment  was  en- 
camped part  of  the  time  at  Amelia  and  pai't  of  the 
time  at  Nelson's  Ferry. 

In  December,  1777,  the  State  of  Georgia  being  much 
disturbed  by  British  and  Tory  inroads  from  Florida. 
Gen.  Howe  returned  to  Georgia. 

On  April   6th.  1778,  President   Lowndes  wrote  the 
following  letter  to  Gen.  Moultrie: 
Sir, 

"I  liave  received  letters  and  information  from 
the  Congarees,  which  give  good  grounds  to  suspect 
that  some  design  is  formed  to  disturb  the  tranquility 


356  THE  HISTORY  OF 

of  the  interior  piirts  of  this  state.  Several  of  tlie  in- 
habitants have  suddenly  and  secretly  withdrawn 
themselves  from  their  habitations,  and  have  manifest- 
ed, by  other  parts  of  their  behavior,  that  some  enter- 
prise is  in  agitation,  that  may,  if  not  timely  attended 
to,  surprise  us  at  a  disadvantage.  I  have  ordered 
Colonel  Beard  to  keep  a  good  look  out,  and  to  raise  a 
proper  number  of  his  militia,  so  as  to  l)e  in  readiness 
to  oppose  any  sudden  attem})t  that  may  be  undertaken 
by  those  people  called  Tories.  1  have  taken  the  liber- 
ty to  direct  him  in  case  the  matter  should  wear  a  seri- 
ous aspect  and  require  a  greater  force  than  he  can 
readily  draw  from  his  regiment,  to  apply  for  aid  and 
succor  to  Colonel  Thonjson,  who,  I  l)elieve  has  a  de- 
tachment of  his  regiment  near  those  parts,  as  1  in- 
tended to  apply  to  you  to  give  the  required  assistance. 
I  wish  the  present  appearances  which  have  given  this 
alarm  may  blow  over*  without  producing  any  ill  con- 
sequences. Perhaps  the  late  incursions  of  the  Florida 
scouts  in  those  parts,  may  have  afforded  an  opportuni- 
ty of  tampering  with  the  ill-affected,  and  of  exciting 
ill  humours  amongst  them.  However  this  may  be,  it 
is  prudent  to  be  prepared  against  the  worst. 

''I  am,  &c. 

"Rawlins  Lowndes. 
"The  honorable  General  Moultrie." 

On  April  7th,  (len.  Howe  wrote,  from  Savannah,  to 
Gen.  Moultrie,  wishing  him  "immediately  to  prepare, 
and  have  in  readiness  to  march  at  a  moment's  warn- 
ing, 200  men";  and  in  answer  to  this  Gen.  Moultrie 
wrote,  on  April  10th:  "I  have,  agreeably,  to  your  or- 
ders sent  150  men  from  Thompson's,  and  50  from 
Sumpter's  regiments  in  readiness  to  go  off  at  a  mo- 

*They  seem  to  have  done  so. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  357 

ii)ent"'s  warning:     I   hope,  however,  you  will  have  no 
occasion  for  them."" 

Thomson's  regiment  seems  to  have  been  very  much 
in  demand  abont  that  time.  On  Api'il  14th  President 
Lowndes  wrote  to  Gen.  Moultrie  as  follows:  ''As  it 
appears  froni  the  concurient  accounts  of  all  the  intel- 
ligence 1  have  leceived,  that  the  disaffected  plan  their 
hopes  and  expectations  on  being  joined  with  a  force 
from  Florida:  and  that  their  aim  is  to  form  the  junc- 
tion by  crossing  Savannah  river,  a  condiderable  party 
having  alieady  taken  that  route,  1  submit  to  you. 
whether  it  would  not  be  necessary  and  proper  to  post 
Thompson  with  his  regiment  at  some  convenient  place 
on  Savannah  river  to  interrupt  or  prevent  such  a  de- 
sign, more  especially  as  he  would  be  enabled  from 
thence,  more  expeditiously  to  remove  to  the  immedi- 
ate assistance  of  Georgia.  The  militia  in  all  parts  of 
the  back  country  being  in  arms,  and  on  their  guard,  1 
think  no  gi'eat  danger  is  to  be  apprehended,  unless  a 
combined  force  should  be  effected,  which  must  be  by 
crossing  Savannah  river,  the  guarding  of  which  might 
bafile  their  scheme.""  To  this  dien.  Moultrie  replied  on 
the  same  day:  'T  just  now  received  yours,  and  have 
considered  with  attention  what  you  mention  with  re- 
gard to  posting  Thompson"s  regiment  on  Savannah 
river,  I  cannot  at  present  think  it  proper  by  any  means, 
and  1  will  therefore  give  you  my  reasons.  That  regi- 
ment consists  of  about  one  third  the  number  of  conti- 
nental troops  in  this  State  (150  of  them  in  town  which 
we  cannot  do  without,  unless  the  militia  will  take  off' 
some  of  our  guards)  and  the  sending  them  so  far  from 
the  capital  would  be  running  too  great  a  risk,  besides 
the  harrassing  the  troops:  should  any  sudden  attack 
be  made  upon  our  sea  coast,  we  have  only  the  conti- 
nental troops  to  make  head  until  the  militia  can   be 


358  THE  HISTORY  OF 

collected,  which  you  know  will  take  some  little  time; 
should  any  attack  be  made  on  our  frontier  it  cannot  be 
halt"  the  consequence,  and  should  the  enemy  attempt 
to  move  with  an  army  through  the  back  country,  they 
must  drag  themselves  so  slowly  along  that  before  they 
could  penetrate  far  we  should  be  collected  to  oppose 
them;  and  should  they  move  in  small  parties  I  think 
our  militia  quite  sufficient  to  check  their  progress.  I 
flatter  myself  that  this  bustle  is  not  so  serious  as  was 
first  imagined,  or  1  ceitaiuly  should  have  heard  from 
Gen.  Howe  ere  this,  to  move  on  the  troops,  he  had  or- 
dered to  be  in  readiness." 

But  Gen.  Moultrie  had  not  long  to  wait  on  Gen. 
Howe  for  marching  orders,  for  on  the  same  date  that 
he  addressed  his  letter  to  President  Lowndes,  Gen. 
Howe  wrote  him,  from  Savannah,  as  follows:  "The 
situation  of  affairs  here,  makes  it  necessary  to  desire 
that  the  men  under  marching  orders,  repair,  with  all 
possible  expedition  to  Purisbui-gh,  where  they  will  re- 
ceive directions  as  to  their  further  conduct.  You  will 
take  care  that  they  are  provided  with  every  military 
requisite,  as  this  state  cannot  furnish  them.  You  are, 
however,  not  to  delay  the  march  of  the  men,  for  any 
preparations  of  this  sort,  as  1  am  exceedingly  anxious 
for  their  arrival,  and  shall  continue  to  be  so,  till  they 
do  arrive." 

"When  I  wrote  you  before,  though  I  thought  it  eli- 
gible to  prepare  for  the  worst,  yet  1  had  hopes  that 
things  would  not  have  been  so  serious;  but  the  aspect 
they  now  weai-,  induces  me  to  believe,  that  this  state,* 
deplorably  weak  in  itself,  will  need  every  support 
yours  can  give  it:  1  am  therefore  under  the  necessity 
of  ordering  fifty  men  from  the  first  regiment,  and  also 

*({c(»rf);ia. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  359 

thirty  men  from  the  artillery,  with  two  field-pieces, 
with  everything  proper  tor  action." 

The  occasion  of  these  alarms  was  the  well  authen- 
ticated reports  received  from  St,  Augustine,  that  a 
British  army,  under  Tien.  Prevost,  was  about  to  invade 
Georgia.  On  April  iSth  Gen.  Moultrie  replied  to  Gen. 
Howe:  "1  received  yours  by  express,  last  night,  and 
shall  order  the  first  detaidiment  off  to-morrow  morn- 
ing; the  remainder  of  the  first  regiment  and  the  artil- 
lery will  march  off  on  Monday,  under  the  command 
of  Colonel  Charles  C.  Pinckney." 

On  the  same  date  Maj.  J.  F.  Grimke,  Aid-de-Camp 
to  Gen.  Howe,  sent  the  following  order  to  Gen.  Moul- 
trie: 'i  am  directed  by  General  Howe  to  request  of 
you,  that  you  would  have  the  remaining  part  of  the 
continental  troops,  amounting  to  one  half  the  number 
and  allowed  by  the  president  and  council  of  your 
state,  in  immediate  I'eadiness  for  marching,  upon  re- 
ceiving the  general's  orders." 

On  April  24th  Gen.  Moultrie  answered  this  order: 
"Our  first  detachment*  marched  off  a  few  days  ago, 
and  Colonel  Charles  C.  Pinckney  with  the  second, 
went  otf  yesterday."  =!:***  'i  have  order- 
ed the  i-emainder  of  Thomson's  and  Sumpter's  regi- 
ments to  be  ready  to  march  on  my  receiving  your  fur- 
ther ordeis."  *  *  *  *  "()ur  number  of  con- 
tinental troops  belonging  to  this  state,  amount  to 
about  fifteen  hundred." 

But  Gen.  Moultrie  was  too  slow  for  Gen.  Howe,  for 
on  the  2()th,  Major  Grimke  wrote  again  as  follows:  'T 
have  to  request  your  excuse  if  1  did  not  deliver  myself 
so  explicitly  as  1  was  ordered  to  do  in  the  last  letter  I 
wi'ote  you  by  desire  of  Major  (ieneral  Howe.  As  I 
did  not  keep  a  copy,  not  having  time  to  write  it  again, 

*Consisting  of  150  men  of  Thomson's  regiment,  under  Major  Wise, 
iiU(]  ')0  men  of  Sumter's  regiment,  under  Lieut-Col.  Henderson. 


3()0  THE  HISTORY  OF 

1  cannot  refer  to  the  order,  nor  do  I  at  present  recol- 
lect in  what  mode  of  expression  I  delivered  myself. 
The  order,  sir,  that  it  was  my  intention  to  transmit 
yon,  shonld  have  positively  declared  the  necessity  for 
the  imniediate  march  of  the  troops,  forming  and  re- 
maining part  of  the  continental  battalions  in  the 
state  of  South  Carolina.  Yon  will  please,  therefore, 
to  order  the  troops  you  refer  to,  whom  you  say  you 
have  directed  to  be  ready  to  march  at  a  moment's 
warning,  and  consists  of  the  othei-  parts  of  Colonel 
Thomson's  and  Sumpter's  regiments.  They  are  to 
proceed  to  Fort  Howe,  by  the  shortest  road  upon  the 
Alatamaha,  without  touching  at  Savannah."  To  this 
(len.  Moultrie  replied,  on  May  1st:  "The  excuse  you 
request  should  rather  l)e  asked  by  me,  as  I  neglected 
to  inform  you,  that  your  orders  were  very  explicit,  and 
I  accordingly  put  them  in  execution,  excepting  for 
Thomson's,  in  lien  of  which  I  sent  the  hrst  regiment, 
as  they  are  better  clothed  and  disciplined." 

The  appearance  in  (ireorgia  of  so  formidable  a  force 
had  the  effect  of  deterring  Prevost  froni  invading  that 
State,  and  Gen.  Howe  then  determined  to  "carry  the 
war  into  Africa"  by  marching  into  P]ast-Florida,  but 
the  country  through  whicli  they  passed  was  so  barren, 
and  the  season  so  unfavorable  that  upon  reaching  the 
St.  Mary's  river  and  capturing  and  destroying  Fort 
Tonyn,  it  was  decided,  on  July  11th,  to  go  no  farther. 
Gen.  Howe,  with  the  (Georgia  troops,  and,  it  appears,  a 
portion  of  the  South  Carolina  troops — among  them  the 
detachment  fron)  Thomson's  regiment  under  Maj.  Wise 
— returned  to  Savannah;  while  Col.  Pinckney  with  the 
other  South  Carolina  troops  returned  by  watei"  to  Char- 
lestown.  The  South  Carolina  troops  reniaining  with 
Howe  lingered  out  a  summer  season  in  Georgia,  and 
when  the  autumn  came  the  British  army  again  found 
work  for  them  to  <lo. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  3(U 

On  November  27th,  (len.  Howe  wrote  from  Zubly's 
Ferry  to  Uen.  Moultrie  advising  him  that  the  British 
were  again  about  to  invade  Ueorgia,  and  requesting 
the  ar,sistanee  of  more  South  Carolina  troops.  In  an- 
swer to  this  Gen.  Moultrie  wrote,  on  the  2Sth:  "I 
have  sent  an  express  to  Col.  Huger  to  expedite  his 
inarch,  leaving  his  baggage  and  weak  men  behind  to 
come  up  more  at  leisure.  1  shall  get  Col.  Henderson's 
l)attalion  off  I  hope  to-morrow;  Thonjpson's  regiment 
is  not  far  from  you,*  they  are  taking  the  shortest 
rout  to  Purislmrgh."  Although  (nlen.  Moultrie  wrote 
"Thompson's  I'egiment"",  it  appears  to  have  been  only 
a  detachment  of  that  regiment,  for  Gen,  Huger  wrote, 
on  December  28th.  to  Gen.  Moultrie:  "l  am  just  now 
turning  out  my  regiment  with  Thompson's  detach- 
ment, and  few  of  the  Georgia  continentals,  with  or- 
ders to  take  the  tiekl  immediately";  and  we  find  by 
(.'ol.  Thomson's  order  book  that  he,  with  the  major 
part  of  liis  regiment,  was  at  this  time  aiding  the  civil 
authorities  and  militia  about  Oi'angeburgh  to  subdue 
certain  disturbers  of  the  peace,  and  was  ]>ati-olling  the 
Edisto  and  Savannah  rivers  in  order  to  keep  out 
"Florida  scouts"  and  protect  the  frontier  settlers  from 
Indians. 

On  the  29th.  Gen.  Howe's  army  was  totally  defeated 
by  Col.  Campbell,  and  Savannah  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Bi-itish.  In  this  tight  the  South  Carolina  troops, 
including  Maj.  Wise's  detachment  of  the  3rd  regiment, 
formed  the  right  wing  of  Hovs-e's  army,  which  was 
commanded  by  Gen.  Isaac  Huger.  In  the  meantime 
Major-General  Benjamin  Lincoln,  a  New  Englander 
whouj  Congress  had  sent  to  relieve  Cren.  Howe,  had 
arrived  in  Charlestown  and  assumed  command  there. 
As  soon  as  he  could  collect  reinforcements,  he  marched 

*Wh('rt'  tlifv  had  ]>r<)l)al)ly  sin'iit  tlie  siiiumer. 


362  THE  HISTORY  OF 

for  the  Savannah  river,  arriving  at  Purishurgli  on  Jan- 
uary Brd,  1779, — too  late  to  save  Howe.  That  evening- 
he  vs^as  joined  by  Howe,  and  the  next  day  by  the  South 
Carolina  troops. 

Gen.  Lincoln  remained  at  Purisburgh.  with  the  Con- 
tinental troops  and  some  militia,  having  skirmishes 
with  the  enemy  almost  daily,  until  April,  when  he 
moved  his  army  up  to  Black  Swamp,  twenty-five  miles 
above;  leaving  a  small  force  at  Purisburgh.  On  the 
20th  of  April  Cen.  Lincoln  marched  off  up  the  river, 
leaving  Gen.  Moultrie  with  a  fence  of  1200  men  at 
Black  Swamp.  Two  days  later  Gen.  Lincoln  wrote 
back,  ordering  (len.  Moulti'ie  to  send  up  Gen.  Huger 
with  the  remaining  (Continental  troops,  excepting  de- 
tachments of  the  2nd  and  5th  i-egiments  (numbering 
220  men),  to  the  nuniber  of  1000  men.  The  3rd  regi- 
ment was,  therefore,  with  Lincoln,  and  shared  the  for- 
tunes of  his  army  as  he  marched  up  on  the  South  Caro- 
lina side  of  the  Savannah,  and  crossed  that  river  and 
marched  down  on  the  Georgia  side.  The  ai'iny  was 
engaged  in  only  a  few  skii'mishes,  it  is  true,  but  the 
long  march  through  a  rough,  thinly  settled  country 
was  more  trying  to  the  health  and  spirits  of  the  men 
than  a  pitched  battle  would  have  been. 

While  Gen.  Lincoln  was  marching  up  and  down  the 
banks  of  the  Savannah  river  "inspiring  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  country  with  confidence".  Gen.  Prevost 
crossed  the  Savannah  liver.  on  April  2yth,  with  about 
3000  men  and  marched  for  Charlestown.  But  Gen. 
Moultrie  with  about  250  Continentals  and  1000  militia 
lately  arrived  from  Orangeburgh,  was  between  Pre- 
vost and  Charlestown,  and  delayed  his  march  in  every 
possible  way:  all  the  while  sending  despatches  to  Lin- 
coln requesting  him  to  send  reinfoicements,  and  to  re- 
turn to  South  Carolina  with  his  army  in  order  to  save 
Charlestown.     Gen.  Moultrie  was  joined   at  Charles- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  363 

town  by  a  considerable  militia  force,  and  by  a  skillful- 
ly arranged  piece  of  deception  Prevost  was  made  to 
believe  that  the  town  would  be  surrendered;  but 
when  time  enough  had  been  gained  to  bring  (len.  Lin- 
coln's army,  which  had  recrossed  the  Savannah  and 
was  marching  to  Moultrie's  relief,  uncomfortably  near 
to  Prevost  all  proposals  of  surrender  were  withdraw'n. 
It  was  then  too  late  for  Prevost  to  attempt  to  storm 
the  works  around  Charlestovvn,  and  he  withdrew  to 
the  neighboring  sea  islands. 

On  the  20th  of  June,  Gen.  Lincoln  made  an  unsuc- 
cessful assault  on  Pi-evost's  trenches  at  Stono,  and  the 
next  day  Col.  Grimke  wrote  a  letter  to  jMr.  J.  Kean  in 
which  he  stated  that  ''the  left  of  our  line  was  com- 
posed of  continental  troops,  under  Gen.  Huger";  and 
we  may  presume  that  the  detachment  of  the  3rd  regi- 
ment was  there. 

A  few  days  after  Lincoln's  attack  on  his  trenches  at 
Stono,  Prevost  embarked  his  army  for  Beaufort,  where 
he  left  a  part  of  his  force  and  repaired  to  Savannah 
with  his  main  army. 

AI)out  the  1st  of  Se])tember  Count  D'Estaing,  with  a 
French  fleet,  appeared  oiT  Charlestown  bar  and  an- 
nounced to  Gen.  Lincoln  that  he  was  ready  to  assist 
him  to  lay  siege  to  Savannah.  On  September  5th 
Gen.  Lincoln  ordered  all  officers  and  soldiers  to  join 
their  respective  regiments.  This  brought  Col.  Thom- 
son and  all  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  3rd  regiment 
to  their  places.  On  the  23rd  of  September,  Lincoln's 
army  joined  the  French,  and  encamped  before  Savan- 
vt^h.  On  the  4th  and  5th  of  October  their  batteries 
opened  on  the  British  works,  and  on  the  9th  an  as- 
sault was  made,  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the 
allied  forces.  The  3rd  regiment  lost  its  major,  (Samuel 
Wise)  one  Lieutenant,  (Bailev)  and  10  of  the  rank  and 


364  THE  HISTORY  OF 

file;  while  one  captain,  (Farrav)  two  lientenants,  (Gas- 
ton and  DeSanssure)*  two  sergeants  and  twenty-foui- 
of  the  rank  and  file  were  wounded — making  a  total  of 
41  killed  and  wounded, | 

From  certain  documentary  evidence  now  before  us, 
we  are  led  to  the  conclusion  that  Col.  Thomson  and 
Lieut.  Col.  Mayson  l)oth  resigned  their  commissions  in 
the  3rd  regiment  about  the  beginning  of  the  year 
1780.  It  is  on  the  following  evidence  that  we  base 
our  conclusion: 

Extract  from  a  letter  from  Gen.  Lincoln  to  Lieut. 
Col.  Marion,  dated  Charlestown,  November  25th,  1771): 
"I  will  inquii-e  into  the  reason  why  the  officers  of  the 
Third  are  absent,  I  must  find  some  officers  who  belong- 
to  another  corps  to  do  duty  in  that  l^egiment.'":|; 

Order  from  Major  Edmund  Hyrne,  Deputy  Adjutant 
General,  to  Lieut.  Col.  Peter  Horry,  dated  February 
nth,  17S0:  "You  are  this  day  in  orders  for  the  third 
Regiment,  and  the  General  desires  me  to  inform  you 
that  your  presence  is  immediately  and  absolutely  ne- 
cessary. We  have  certain  intelligence  of  the  British 
Troops  having  landed  and  we  are  just  informed  that 
sail  are  now  off  Stono,"§ 

Letter  of  same  date,  from  Major  Hyrne  to  Lieut. 
Col.  Peter  Horry:  "I  am  sorry  to  have  troubled  you 
with  my  letter  of  this  date  by  the  Express.  Col.  Hen- 
derson, (before  the  order  was  issued,)  informed  the 
General  he  had  altered  his  mind  and  would  accept  the 
appointment,  and  he  is  accordingly  appointed  Lt.  Col. 
of  the  third." 

*Tt   appears   from  Gen.   DeSaussure's  paiiiplilet    that   hotli    of   tlu- 
wounded  lieiiteiiant.s  died  of  their  wounds. 
tSee  Soiffh  Carolina  and  American  Genera/  G'azeffe,  Oct.  2!»,  177!i. 
JGibbes's  Docunieiitary  Histor>-,  1781  and  1782,  page  4. 
Hhid,  page  10. 
II Ibid,  pages  10,  11. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  365 

The  next  seivice  required  of  the  3rd  regiment  was 
to  assist  in  tlie  defence  of  Charlestown  against  the 
fleet  and  arn]}'  which  Sir  Henry  Clinton  brought  from 
New  York  against  that  city  in  February,  1780.  Col. 
Thomson  was  not  with  the  regiment  during  the  siege. 
Dr.  Johnson,  in  ''Traditions  of  the  [levolution".  says 
that  he  was  on  detached  service  in  Orangeburgh  Dis- 
trict; and  John  Lewis  Gervais,  Deputy  Paymaster 
General  for  the  Southern  Department,  writes,  in  his 
diary  of  March  10th:  "Col.  Thomson  is  forming  a 
camp  near  Orangeburg,  to  put  a  stop  to  plunderers." 
Moses  Young  writes,  in  his  journal  of  April  4th:  Col. 
Thomson  raising  men — has  got  20".  J.  L.  Gervais,  in 
a  letter  written  from  Georgetown,  dated  April  28th, 
says:  "By  our  last  advices,  Gen.  Caswell  was,  with 
1000  men.  near  Col.  Thomson.  Gen.  Williamson  was 
expected  last  Sunday  at  Orangeburg,  with  DOO  men — 
say  600."  *  «  *  "Col.  Thomson  was  at  Orange- 
burg with  200  men."  *  *  "Major  Vanderhorst, 
formerly  in  the  first  regiment,  arrived  yesterday  from 
Colonel  Thomson."  And  when  Charlestown  finally 
fell,  one  lieutenant-colonel  is  the  only  field  officer*  re- 
corded as  having  been  surrendered  by  the  3rd  regi- 
ment— and  that  lieutenant-colonel  was  doubtless  Hen- 
derson. 

The  reorganization  of  the  Continental  Army  might 
have  caused  the  resignation  of  Col.  Thomson.  Instead 
of  having  regiments  with  full  colonels,  the  army  was 
organized  into  88  battalions,  each  commanded  by  a 
lieutenant-colonel.  This  was  done  to  accord  with  the 
arrangement  in  tlie  British  army,  and  facilitated  the 
exchange  of  prisoners.  It  is  likely  that  this  change, 
coupled  with  his  long  illness,  caused  Col.  Thomson  to 

*Tlie  major  of  tlie  regiment  luwiiig'beeii  kille<l  at  Savannah. 


366  THE  HISTORY  OF 

resign  his  regular  coiiimission,  and   resuuie  charge  of 
a  militia  organization. 

Not  long  after  the  surrender  of  Charlestown  Col. 
Thomson  was  captured  and  paroled.  While  at  home 
under  parole  he  was  arrested,  charged  with  having 
hroken  his  parole,  and  taken  to  Gharlestown  where  he 
was  confinefl  in  the  hasement  of  the  old  ''Exchange" 
for  some  time.  When  he  was  finall}'  releiised  and  ex- 
changed he  immediately  reported  to  Gen.  Greene,  sa.ys 
Dr.  Johnson  in  ''Traditions  of  the  lievolution",  and 
was  put  to  scouting.  If  he  had  never  resigned  his 
commission  in  the  3rd  regiment  he  would,  most  likel5^ 
have  resumed  command  of  the  remnants  of  that  regi- 
ment after  the  fall  of  Gharlestown. 

Very  little  is  known  of  the  part  taken  by  the  3rd  reg- 
iment in  the  defense  of  Gharlestown,  hut  in  order  to 
show  here  what  is  known  of  the  part  taken  b}^  that 
regiment  it  will  be  necessary  to  again  have  recourse 
to  extracts  from  journals  and  documents  of  that  day, 
and  histories  written  since: 

We  learn  from  Gen.  Mcintosh's  journal,  and  from 
Gen.  Moultrie's  Memoirs,  Vol.  IT,  page  80,  that  Captain 
Goodwyn,*  of  the  3rd  regiment,  was  killed  by  the  be- 
siegers on  April  26th;  and  when  Gharlestown  finally 
surrendered  on  the  12th  of  May,  1780,  the  Bi-itish  re- 
turns show  that  the  3rd  regiment  surrendered  one  lieu- 
tenant-c()lonel,  nine  captains,  six  lieutenants,  one  sur- 
geon, one  surgeon's  mate,  U)  sergeants,  14  drummers, 
and  208  of  the  rank  and  tile:  making  a  total  of  259. 

By  the  surrender  of  I'harlestown  the  regiment  was 

*TIh'  roll  of  ottk-ers  of  tlic  old  rejiiriK'iit,  taken  from  (Ji-ii.  DcK'His- 
sLire's  paniplilot,  shows  that  tlieri'  was  a  Cajitaiii  R<ihert  Goodwyn 
and  a  Ijit'Utt'iiant  Win.  Goodwyn  of  this  refiinicnt,  hut  it  also  shows 
that  they  hoth  ivsij>:n('d  May  SO,  177S;  hut  from  the  statcmonts  of 
(JtMierals  Mcintosh  and  Moultrie  we  must  t*<Miclude  that  (ieu.  DeSaus- 
sure  was  mistaken  as  to  one  of  them. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  367 

practicall.v  annihilated;  another  regiment  took  its 
place  in  the  Continental  line  while  its  men  were  on 
parole,  and  when  the  few  survivors  were  exchanged 
they  probably  joined  other  regiments. 

The  following  account  of  Col.  Thomson  and  his  reg- 
iment is  taken  t'ronj  Johnson's  Traditions  of  the  Revo- 
lution: (p.  90  et  set].) 

"colonel  WILLIAM  THOMSON. 

'•(Colonel  William  Thomson  commanded  the  third 
regiment,  called  the  Rangers;  he  being  from  the  up- 
per part  of  Orangeburg  District,  soon  filled  his  regi- 
ment with  many  of  the  best  riflemen  in  the  State,  he 
being  himself  the  most  practiced  marksman  in  his 
command.  The  tories  in  the  upper  country  having 
been  influenced  by  Sir  William  Campbell,  the  royal 
governor,  and  his  agents,  commenced  hostilities  there, 
and  afforded  the  new  troops  a  fine  opportunity  for  ex- 
ercise and  for  facing  an  enemy.  The  expedition  was 
under  command  of  General  Richard  Richardson,*  of 
the  militia,  and  was  conjpletely  successful,  but  the  cold 
and  exposure  was  very  severe  to  such  soldiers.  They 
had  scarcely  concluded  this  campaign,  when  news  was 
received  that  Sir  Henry  Clinton  was  preparing,  at  New- 
York,  a  strong  armament  against  the  South.  They 
were  consequently  ordered  down  to  the  sea  coast,  for 
its  protection.  Colonel  Thomson  was  posted  at  the 
eastern  end  of  Sullivan's  Island,  in  a  small  battery  of 
two  guns,  the  brick  foundation  of  which  has  lately 
l)een  discovered,  by  the  shifting  of  the  sand.  It  was 
called  the  advanced  guard,  and  was  ordered  to  protect 
the  island  from  the  bayonets  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton, — 
his  command  of  two  thousand  British  regulars,  being 

*He  wiis  Diilv  a  coloiu'l  at  that  tiiin'. 


368  THE  HISTORY  OF 

then  eiu'amped  Mithiu  sight,  on  the  we.steru  extremi- 
ty of  Long  Island. 

"This  gentleman  was  horn  in  Pennsylvani;i,  of  Irish 
parents,  about  the  year  1727,  and  removed  with  his 
fathers  family  to  South-Carolina,  while  yet  a  child. 
They  settled  on  the  west  side  of  Congaree  }-iver,  in 
what  was  called  Amelia  township,  now  known  as  St. 
Mathew's  Parish,  in  Orangeburg  District.  This  was  at 
the  time  a  frontier  settlement,  and  young  Thonjson 
grew^  up  'amidst  alarms  and  strife,'  which  trained  his 
mind  to  deeds  of  enterprise  and  daring,  and  nerved 
his  body  to  endure  the  toils  and  sufferings  incidental 
to  border  warfare.  The  rifle  became  his  favorite  com- 
panion in  all  his  excursions,  and  his  sure  reliance  in 
danger.  He  planted  with  his  father,  and  aided  him  in 
guiding  the  plough,  in  driving  the  team,  and  in  all 
the  other  occupations  of  a  country  life.*  Being  socia- 
ble and  friendly  in  his  disposition,  he  l)e<'ame  a  favor- 
ite among  his  neighbors,  secured  their  adn]iration  by 
winning  the  prizes  at  every  shooting  match,  and  com- 
manded their  respect  and  esteem  by  his  uniformly  cor- 
rect deportment. 

"About  the  year  1763,t  William  Thomson  married 
Miss  Eugenia  b'ussell,  born  in  that  neighborhood,  the 
half  sister  of  Colonel  William  Heatly.  Her  father  was 
a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  born  of  English  parents 
who  had  settled  in  that  then  Province. 

"In  1769  great  commotions  arose  in  the  uppei'  parts 
of  the  State,  between  what  were  called  llegulators  and 
Schofilites,  At  that  time  no  courts  wei'e  established 
out  of  Chai'leston,  and  lawless  depredators,  living  near 
the  Indian  nations,  plundered  the  industrious,  honest 

*In  ail  affidavit,  inado  ifi  January,  1761,  before  Andrew  Brown,  J. 
P.,  relative  to  the  will  otManies  Beanies,  lie  spoke  of  himself  as  "Wil- 
liam Tliomson,  late  Indian  Trader  in  the  Cherokees". 

fTluirsday,  Ang.  14,  17.>5. 


COI.ONEI.  WIJjLIAM  THOMSON. 


KKl'KOITC  i:ll  l-olt  THE  HISTORY  IIK  OKA  Mi  KUT  HIi  Cor.NlY  FHOM 
AN  OLII  OTL  I'OUTKAir  IN  I'OSSICSBION  OK  (Il.vlM.KK  T.  HAKKKl.L.  KKti.. 
OF  KA\ANNAH.  (JHOlfCUA 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  369 

fanners,  and  escaped  over  the  borders  with  the  stolen 
horses  and  cattle.  The  parties  aggrieved  united  to 
protect  each  other,  soon  took  upon  themselves  to  pun- 
ish the  aggressors,  and  personal  feelings  no  doubt  hur- 
ried them  on  into  some  unjustifiable  acts.  They  called 
themselves  Regulators;  the  depredators  appealed  to 
the  royal  governor  for  protection,  and  a  silly  fellow, 
a  Colonel  Schovel,  was  sent  up  for  that  purpose.  He 
encouraged  them  to  assemlile  in  arms,  and  bloodshed 
was  barely  prevented  by  the  intervention  of  a  few 
more  discreet  pei'sons.  They  took  their  name  from 
that  of  their  colonel,  and  having  been  screened  by  the 
royal  authority,  many  of  them  and  their  descendants 
became  royalists  in  the  revolution,  which  commenced 
a  few  years  after  this  event. 

"Among  the  royalists  of  1775,  there  were,  no  doubt, 
many  conscientious,  honest  men. 

"To  soothe  these  irritaticms,  and  prevent  future  dep- 
redations, sevei'al  additional  courts  were  established  in 
the  upper  country,  one  at  Camden,  one  at  Orangeburg, 
and  one  at  Cambiidge.  in  Ninety-Six,  now  Abbeville 
District.  As  soon  as  the  establishments  could  be  car- 
ried into  effect,  William  Thomson  was  elected  sheriff 
of  Oiangeburg  District,  as  a  man  of  the  greatest  influ- 
ence, energy,  and  decision.  He  entered  on  the  duties 
of  his  office  in  June,  1772,  and  continued  to  be  called 
upon  in  all  difficulties  and  in  all  emergencies  of  a  pub- 
lic nature  that  subsequently  occurred. 

"He  was  elected  a  ujember  of  the  Provincial  Legis- 
lature, under  the  royal  government,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  commenced  revolution- 
ary measures,  adopted  a  constitution,  and  organized 
the  means  for  resisting  Great  Britain.  When  it  was 
resolved  to  raise  three  regiments  for  this  purpose  in 
South  Carolina,  William  Thomson  was  elected  colonel 
of  the  Rangers,  oi-  third  regiment,  and  immediately 


370  THE  HISTORY  OF 

proceeded  to  enlist  his  men,  under  ordeis  issued  on 
the  17th  June,  1775.  Before  his  number  was  complete, 
and  while  employed  in  drilling  his  men,  the  royalists 
in  Ninety-Six  armed  in  opposition  to  the  revolution- 
ary government.  Col.  Thomson  had  previously  been 
out  with  William  Henry  Drayton  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Tenant,  acconjpanied  by  Colonel  Joseph  Kershaw,  of 
Camden,  endeavoring  to  <*onciliate  and  restrain  the 
disaffected  in  the  upper  and  western  portions  of  the 
State.  Now,  that  the  royalists  assembled  in  aims, 
and  attacked  Colonel  Williamson,  at  Cambridge,  for- 
bearance ceased  to  be  a  pacific  measure.  Colonel 
Thomson  marched  with  his  command,  under  General 
Richard  Richardson,  captured  all  their  officers,  except 
Colonel  Cunningham.*  and  crushed  their  hostile  pro- 
ceedings. This  was  in  the  winter  of  1775,  and  such 
was  the  severity  of  the  weather  that  the  expedition 
was  designated  *the  snow  camp." 

''Scarcely  had  Thomson's  reginjent  returned  from 
this  campaign,  when  news  arrived  that  the  British 
had  assembled,  in  New- York,  a  fleet  and  army,  under 
General  Clinton,  to  attack  Charleston  and  overrun  the 
Southern  States.  After  this  British  armament  had 
appeared  off  Charleston  bar,  but  had  not  yet  either 
landed  their  army  or  entered  the  harbor.  Colonel 
Thomson  asked  for  leave  of  absence,  that  he  might 
make  some  arrangements  on  his  plantation,  called 
Belleville,  about  one  hundred  miles  from  the  city.  A 
furlough  was  granted  him  for  only  two  days.  He  im- 
mediately mounted  his  hoise,  rode  home,  effected  his 
business,  and  returned  to  the  city  within  forty-eight 
hours.     This  is  a  family  tradition. 

"The  united  attack  of  this  British  army  and  navy  on 
Sullivan's  Island,  and  their  total  defeat,  on  the  2Sth  of 

*Patnck,  captain. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  371 

June.  1776,  are  ns  well  known  as  any  part  of  the 
American  histoiy.  Bnt  it  is  not  generally  known 
what  an  important  part,  in  this  defence,  was  perform- 
ed by  Colonel  Thomson's  command.  They  were 
posted  at  the  easterii  extremity  of  Sullivan's  Island, 
in  a  redoubt,  called  'the  advanced  guard,'  constructed 
of  palmetto  logs,  with  merlins,  on  a  brick  foundation. 
At  this  point,  the  army  under  General  Clinton,  num- 
i)ering  two  thousand  regulars,  was  to  make  the  gener- 
al attack,  as  soon  as  the  fleet  should  become  engaged 
with  Fort  Sullivan.  They  accordingly  marched  from 
Iheir  encampment  on  Long  Island,  down  to  the  edge 
of  the  inlet,  where  it  was  fordable.  except  at  high 
water.  They  were  flanked  by  an  armed  schooner  and 
sloop,  and  by  a  flotilla  of  armed  boats  from  the  fleet, 
with  orders  to  reach  the  landing  on  Sullivan's  Island, 
and  rake  the  platform  of  the  redoubt,  while  the  army 
crossed  over  the  inlet  and  stormed  the  little  fort, 
which  was  entirely  open  on  the  west.  Colonel  Thom- 
son had  but  two  cannon,  and  they  were  manned  only 
by  his  rangers,  who  had  never  fired  a  great  gun  before 
this  occasion.  But,  with  small  arms,  they  were  the 
best  marksmen  in  the  State,  and  their  commander, 
Colonel  Thomson  himself,  was  decidedly  the  best  shot 
of  the  whole  regiment. 

"The  flotilla  advanced  Inavely  to  the  concerted  at- 
tack, cheered  on  by  the  army,  paraded  on  the  shore, 
within  speaking  distance  of  the  boats.  When  within 
reach  of  his  guns.  Col.  Thomson  opened  on  them  so 
well  directed  a  fire  that  the  men  could  not  be  kept  at 
their  posts;  every  ball  raked  the  decks.  The  flotilla 
njade  repeated  attempts  to  reach  their  destined  point, 
and  did  come  so  near  to  it  as  to  be  within  the  range 
of  grape  shot.  This  being  equally  well  directed,  soon 
cleared  the  decks,  and  dispersed  the  flotilla. 

'•This  atta(d^  by  Clinton's  regulars,  on  land,  was  well 


372  THE  HISTORY  OF 

coucertecl,  but  not  well  execnted.  Tliey  intended  that 
it  should  be  made  at  the  same  time  with  that  of  Sir 
Peter  Parker's  fleet  on  Fort  Sullivan.  Clinton  harl 
two  thousand  British  infantry,  exclusive  of  the  ma- 
rines and  boatmen  supplied  from  the  fleet,  which 
probably  amounted  to  six  or  seven  hundred  more. 
He  had,  therefore,  about  two  thousand  rejjjulars  more 
than  the  whole  command  of  (Jolonel  Thomson,  of 
which  the  Raccoon  and  other  militia  companies  con- 
stituted a  considerable  portion.  The  force  w^as  sufli- 
cient  to  defeat  Colonel  Thomson,  and  then  storm 
Fort  Sullivan,  as  was  intended.  If  Wellington  had 
commanded  instead  of  Clinton,  he  would  probably 
have  passed  with  more  facility  than  he  did  over  the 
river  Douro,  near  Oporto.  Clinton  had  the  command 
of  boats  for  transportation,  of  which  Wellington  had 
very  few. 

•'Mr.  Alexander  Forrester,  a  near  relation  of  the  late 
Robert  Elliott  Rowand,  left  Charleston  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution,  and  joined  the  British 
troops  in  this  expedition.  He  said,  in  my  presence, 
that  he  was  in  the  schooner,  and  that  it  was  impossi- 
ble for  any  set  of  men  to  sustain  so  destructive  a  Are 
as  the  Americans  poured  in  upon  them  on  this  occa- 
sion; that  it  was  the  destructive  Hre  from  Colonel 
Thomson's  fort  wdiich  prevented  the  flotilla  from  ad- 
vancing, and  not  the  shoals  and  sand  bars,  as  was  al- 
leged; that  it  was  the  repulse  of  the  flotilla  which 
prevented  General  Clinton  from  fording  the  inlet,  and 
not  the  depth  of  water. 

"One  of  the  opposition  papers  in  England,  the  St. 
James' Chronicle,  announces,  in  an  epigram,  a  miracle 
on  Sullivan's  Island: 

"  'By  the  Red  sea,  the  Hebrew  liost  detained, 
Througli  aid  divine,  the  distant  shore  soon  gained; 
Tiie  waters  tied,  the  deep  a  passage  gave, 
Hut  this  God  wrought,  a  ehosen  race  to  save. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  373 

'"•Tlioiiiih  Clinton's  troops  litivc  sharo<!  a  tliffert'nt  fate, 
'Gainst  thfui,  |)oor  men!  not  i'lu)sen  sure  of  heaven, 
Tiie  miraele  revei"sed,  is  still  as  great — 
From  two  feet  <\vep,  the  water  i-ose  to  seven.' 

"Two  other  stations  are  represented  on  this  plan*— 
the  rear  guard,  of  which  the  foundation  may  still  be 
seen,  as  the  foundation  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and 
the  quarter  guard,  on  or  about  the  site  of  the  new 
Moultrie  House.  These  were  spoken  of  by  British 
writers,  as  efficient  means  of  resisting  their  combined 
attack,  but  they  had  no  opportunity  of  showing  what 
they  might  have  done;  they  never  fired  a  gun.  They 
also  say,  that  the  inlet  wliich  ran  across  the  low  land, 
called  curlew  ground,  was  covered  by  heavy  cannon, 
mounted  and  pointed  in  the  fort;  but  this,  also,  is  an 
excuse.  The  annexed  plan  of  the  fort,  copied  from 
Drayton's  Memoirs,  will  prove  that  not  a  single  gun, 
of  any  description,  was  mounted  on  the  eastern  part 
of  the  fort.  A  great  part  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
fort  was  unfinished,  and  exposed  to  the  intended  at- 
tack of  Clinton's  bayonets. 

"The  riflemen,  under  Colonel  Thomson,  were  ranch 
amused  with  the  grape  shot,  and  the  effects  of  shoot- 
ing a  pocket  full  of  bullets  into  a  crowd  of  their  ene- 
mies, at  every  discharge;  for  they  could  not  suppose 
that  any  one  of  their  balls  could  ever  njiss  its  object. 

''For  his  good  conduct  on  this  occasion.  Colonel 
Thomson  received  the  thanks  of  Governor  Rutledgef 
and  of  Congress.^ — See  vol.  i.,  of  Moultrie's  Memoirs, 
page  1S3. 

"Moultrie  takes  but  little  notice  of  Colonel  Thom- 
son's agency  on  this  memorable  occasion.  The  effects 
of  his  fire  were  not  known  until  Ion"-  after  the  revolu- 


*I)r.  Johnson's  copy  of  a  plan  from  Drayton's  Memoirs. 
tPresident  Kutledjje. 


374  THE  HISTORY  OF 

tion.  The  British  officials  am]  their  ininistiT  did  not 
like  to  acknowledge  it:  the  reputation  of  their  navy 
was  made  to  bear  the  disgrace  of  this  defeat;  the 
army  was  not  suffered  to  come  within  gnnshot  of  the 
Americans. 

"American  version  of  Sir  Peter  Parker's  despatches 
to  the  Lords  of  Admiralty. 

"My  lords,  with  your  It-avc, 

An  account  I  will  give, 

That  deserves  to  be  written  in  metre; 

For  the  rebels  and  I 

Have  been  pretty  nigrli 

Faith,  rather  too  nigli  for  Sir  Peter. 

"With  much  labor  and  toil. 

Unto  Sullivan's  Isle, 

I  came  fierce  as  Falstaffor  Pistol, 

But  the  Yankees,*  add  rat  them! 

1  could  not  get  at  them, 

Most  terribly  maided  my  i)oor  P>ristol! 

"Bold  (Minton,  l)y  land. 

Did  (juietly  stand. 

While  1  made  a  thundering  clatter; 

But  the  channel  was  deep, 

So  they  only  could  peep. 

And  not  venture  over  the  water. 

"Devil  take  them,  their  shot 

Came  so  swift  and  so  hot. 

And  the  cowardly  dogs  stood  so  stiff  sirs, 

That  I  put  ship  about, 

And  was  glad  to  get  out. 

Or  they  would  not  have  left  me  a  skiff",  sirs. 

"But,  my  lords,  never  fear, 

Before  the  next  year. 

Although  a  small  island  <'oidd  check  us. 

The  continent  whole, 

We  will  take,  by  my  soul. 

If  these  cowardly  Yankees  will  let  us. 

It  was  a  happy  thing  for  America  that  this  tlotilla 

*The  British  called  all  Americans  "Yankees",  but  it  was  a  sobri- 
(piet  which  Southerners  were  never  proud  to  acknowledge. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  375 

was  so  soon  repulsed;  had  they  made  another  attack, 
they  might  have  effected  a  landing.  Colonel  Thom- 
son had,  by  this  time,  expended  all  the  ammunition 
provided  for  his  two  Ccinnon,  and  v^^ould  have  been 
compelled  to  spike  them,  and  rely  on  his  infantry  and 
small  arms,  to  oppose  the  enemy  in  their  march  to 
Fort  Sullivan.  For  this  purpose,  he  had  about  seven 
hundred  and  fifty  excellent  marksmen  to  oppose  two 

thousand  British  infantry." 

********* 

"From  this  time,  Colonel  Thomson  continued  ac- 
tively engaged,  wherever  duty  or  danger  required  his 
services.  Under  General  Howe,  he  lingered  out*  a 
summer  campaign  in  one  of  the  most  sickly  parts  of 
Georgia,  w^here  inaction  and  disease,  more  wasteful 
than  war,  reduced  the  numbers  and  spirits  of  his  brave 
companions  in  arms,  until  the  British  forces,  under 
Colonel  Campbell,  defeated  Howe,t  and  overran  that 
State.  Next  he  served  under  General  Lincoln,  in  his 
various  endeavors  to  protect  the  Carolinas,  by  confin- 
ing the  enemy  within  the  limits  of  Georgia,  and^  final- 
ly, to  expel  them,  by  the  attack  on  their  enti-ench- 
ments  at  Stono.  In  these  harrassing  duties,  his  expo- 
sures brought  on  a  fever,  when  in  the  neigh l)orhood  of 
Purisburg,  and  he  retired  for  a  while  under  furlough. 

"Colonel  Thomson  also  served  under  Count  D'Es- 
taing,  in  his  w^ell  known  disastrous  siege  of  Savannah, 
in  which  it  became  evident,  as  previously  demonstra- 
ted in  the  siege  of  Newport.  Rhode  Island,  that  a  iman 
high  in  rank  at  the  Court  of  France,  and  high  in  the 
favor  of  his  king,  was  not.  intuitively,  a  skillful  ad- 
miral or  al)le  general.  It  was  probably  lucky  for  the 
Count  that  he  was  wounded  at  Savannah.     He  had 


*He  was  not  with  Howe  in  tiie  sunnntT  of  1778. 
tDetvniherlii),  177S. 


376  THE  HISTORY  OF 

something  to  show  for  hi>s  defeat— a  set-ofp.  In  this 
unfortunate  expedition,  Coh)nel  Thomson  had  embark- 
ed with  all  his  family  influence,  with  the  highest 
hopes  of  success.  His  son,  William,  his  three  sons-in- 
law,  and  two  nephews,  accompanied  him  to  Savannah, 
under  D'Estaing;  theii'  mortificntion  at  the  result  was 
sore,  indeed. 

"In  these  battles,  in  the  pieviotis  severe  duties  of 
the  campaign,  and  in  the  subsequent  exposure  and  suf- 
ferings of  his  reginient,  little  or  no  mention  is  made 
in  history  of  the  services  rendered  by  Colonel  Thom- 
son. Justice  has  not  been  done  him;  probably,  be- 
cause he  w^as  always  attached,  with  his  light  troops, 
to  the  command  of  some  officei'  of  high  rank,  to  whom 
his  services  were  inestimable,  in  scouting  and  skir- 
mishing, but  not  reported  in  the  line  of  battle.  By  his 
own  men,  he  was  designated  l)y  the  sobriquet,  'Old 
Danger'.  Even  General  Moultiie,  when  speaking  of 
the  battle  of  Sullivan's  Island,  uses  the  expression,  T 
had  seven  hundred  and  fifty  men  under  Colonel  Thom- 
son,' although  in  a  deta<died  command,  about  three 
miles  off  from  him.  Drayton,  in  his  account  of  it,  does 
not  even  give,  on  his  map  of  Sullivan's  Island,  the  po- 
sition defended  by  Colonel  Thomson. 

"When  Charleston  was  beleaguered  by  General 
Clinton,*  Governor  Rutledge  was  advised  to  withdraw 
from  the  city,  that  he  might  be  l)etter  able  to  annoy 
the  enemy,  and  cut  off  the  aid  and  supplies  that  they 
might  otherwise  obtain  from  the  country.  P'or  this 
purpose,  the  rangers  were  withdrawn  from  the  defence 
of  Charleston,  and  kept  in  active  service  in  Orange- 
burg District.  The  governor's  faujily  had  been  pre- 
viously withdrawn,  like  most  of  those  who  could  effect 
it,   and    were   residing    near    where   Stateburg    now 

*In  1780. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  377 

stands,  afc  the  house,  I  believe,  of  Colonel  William 
llichardson,  owned  and  occupied  by  his  son,  the  late 
lamented  Judge  J.  8.  Richardson.  Such  was  the  con- 
fidence of  Governor  Rutledge  in  Colonel  Thomson's 
character,  that  when  informed  of  the  surrender  of 
Charleston,  he  committed  the  care  of  his  family  to 
Colonel  'W,  requesting  that  he  would  escort  them  with 
his  own  family  to  some  place  of  safety.  The  governor 
remained  in  the  State,  with  the  hope  of  keeping  up  a 
resistance  to  the  victorious  British  army.  The  indis- 
position of  Mrs.  Rutledge  prevented  their  prompt  re- 
moval, and  thwarted  this  arrangement.  In  two  or 
three  days  after  the  appointed  time,  Colonel  Thom- 
son's house  was  surrounded  by  a  body  of  tories  and 
British  troops,  and  he  was  made  a  prisoner,  with  his 
son,  William  Russell  Thomson,  then  about  seventeen 
years  of  age. 

"The  father  was  sent  down  to  Charleston,  and  con- 
fined numy  months  in  the  'Provost,'  in  the  same  damp 
vaults  that  are  under  the  present  Custom  House.*  He 
was  there  confined  at  the  time  of  Gates'  defeat.  But 
his  son  was  left  at  home,  w^ith  the  family,  on  parole. 
This  elegant  establishment  was  called  Belleville.  The 
British  made  it  one  of  their  garrisons,  and  stockaded 
it  for  defence.  Various  officers  were  in  command  of  it, 
at  different  times,  and  of  very  different  dispositions; 
some  behaving  with  great  rudeness  and  brutality, 
while  others  were  polite,  and  even  kind.  It  was  the 
misfortune  of  young  Thomson  to  displease  one  of  the 
former  description,  who  did  not  appear  to  resent  it, 
until  removed  to  the  conimand  of  Foit  Granby,  oppo- 
site to  Columbia.  He  then  wrote  to  his  successor,  at 
Belleville,  to  hang  young  Thomson  for  a  breach  of  pa- 
role, without  trial  or  evidence.     Fortunately,  this  offi- 

*The  old  j)ost-()ffice. 


378  THE  HISTORY  OF 

cer  was  a  just  and  huraane  man;  his  name  was  Stew- 
art. He  did  not  like  the  duty  imposed  on  hitii,  and 
contrived  to  drop  the  letter  where  it  would  fall  into 
the  hands  of  the  family.  Young  Thomson  saw  that  it 
was  neck  or  nothing  with  him,  and  watched  tor  an 
opportunity  of  making  his  escape.  While  standing 
near  one  of  the  sentinels,  for  this  purpose,  a  poor,  half- 
starved  pig,  belonging  to  the  garrison,  had  escaped 
from  his  pen  and  passed  close  to  them,  Thomson  had 
a  fellow  feeling  for  the  pig,  and  thought  that  both  of 
them  might  escape  by  the  same  means.  He,  therefore, 
persuaded  the  sentinel  to  catch  it,  and  started  with 
him  in  the  pursuit.  The  pig,  not  being  overloaded 
with  fat  or  food,  ran  out  at  the  sally-port,  and  they, 
whooping  and  holloing  after  him,  continued  the  chase, 
until  they  had  driven  the  animal  out  of  gunshot.  In 
the  pig  chase  Thomson  lost  his  hat,  but  he  saved  his 
neck.  He  soon  joined  Sumter's  division,*  where  a 
horseman's  cap  was  obtained,  much  more  becoming 
than  his  old  slouch.  His  excellent  mother  soon  de- 
vised means  for  sending  him  a  change  or  two  of 
clothes,  and  he  was  free. 

"Colonel  Thomson  was  kept  in  close  confinement 
until  his  health  was  much  impaired.  He  was  then 
permitted  to  return  on  parole  to  Belleville.  It  so 
happened  that  the  officer  in  command  was  relieved  in 
a  day  or  two  after  Colonel  Thomson's  return.  Wheth- 
er from  private  instructions,  caprice,  or  other  motives 
unknown,  this  officer  marched  Colonel  ThouLson  back 
with  him  to  Charleston.  He  was,  however,  soon  per- 
mitted to  return  to  Belleville,  which  continued  to  be 
occupied  as  a  British  station.  About  this  time  it  was 
attacked  by  the  Americans,  and  to  this  day  some  of 
the  bullet  marks  may  be  seen  in  the  house.     While  he 

*Brigade. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  379 

was  exulting  with  hopes  that  it  might  he  taken,  and 
he  released,  he  was  ohliged  to  provide  for  the  safety 
of  his  family,  hy  making  them  lie  down  on  the  floor. 
This  attack  was  simultaneous  with  that  on  Fort 
Motte.  and  was  only  intended  as  a  feint  to  prevent  a 
junction  of  the  two  British  foi-ces,  the  stations  being 
within  sight  of  each  other.  The  double  purpose  was 
answered:  when  Fort  Motte  was  taken,  Belleville  w^as 
evacuated. 

''On  the  surrender  of  Fort  Motte,  a  number  of  tories 
wTre  found  among  the  British  regulars.  Most  of  these 
were  of  German  families,  who  originally  settled  Ame- 
lia towmship,  and  built  Orangeburg.  The  Americans 
were  about  to  retaliate  on  them  as  tories,  the  sever- 
ities inflicted  on  themselves  as  whigs.  At  that  criti- 
cal moment  Col.  Thomson  rode  over  to  the  American 
camp,  and  knew^  most  of  these,  his  Dutch  neighbors. 
He  I'epresented  to  Colonels  Lee  and  Marion,*  that 
these  people  had  been  compelled  to  enter  the  British 
fort,  and  made  to  labor  as  artiticers;  that  they  had  al- 
ways been  harmless,  and  tried  to  keep  aloof  from  both 
parties.  Their  release  was  secured.  The  Dutchmen, 
who  had  given  themselves  up  for  lost,  now  hurried  off 
without  thanking  Colonel  Thomson,  or  pausing  to  say 
'Good  by  to  you.'  They  scrambled  over  the  breast- 
work instead  of  going  through  the  gate,  and  some 
rolled  over  into  the  ditch,  in  trying  to  he  the  first 
out. 

"In  the  general  exchange  of  prisoners,  effected  by 
the  address  of  Major  Hyrne,  Colonel  Thomson  was  set 
at  liberty,  and  immediately  repaired  to  General  Greene 
for  service.  From  his  knowledge  of  the  country,  he 
was  particularly  useful  in  scouting  and  cutting  off  the 
couriers  and  supplies  of  the  enemy.     In  one  of  these 

*CTeneral  Marion. 


380  THE  HISTORY  OF 

expeditions,  a  very  young  and  inexperienced  recruit 
was  sent  out  with  a  detachment,  on  patrol.  They 
fell  in  with  a  superior  force  of  the  enemy,  and  were 
hotly  pursued.  The  young  man  was  well  mounted, 
and  a  good  rider,  but  it  was  the  first  time  that  ever  he 
had  faced  an  enemy,  and  when  the  retreat  commenced 
at  full  speed,  he  concluded  that  all  the  detachment 
would  be  cut  oif.  His  own  comrades  galloping  close 
behind  him,  were  mistaken  for  the  enemy,  and  he 
called  out  for  'quarters!'  He  spurred  on.  still  crying- 
out  'quarter!  quarter!  quarter!'  until  he  was  actually 
within  his  own  camp.  Being  then  stopped,  and  asked 
why  he  continued  to  cry  out  'quarter!  quarter!'  when 
there  was  no  enemy  within  half  a  mile  of  him,  he  de- 
clared that  he  had  believed  the  enemy  to  be  close 
upon  him,  and  expected  to  be  cut  down  at  every  leap 
of  his  horse. 

"The  whig  ladies  were  sometimes  permitted  to  en- 
ter Charleston,  and  Mrs.  Thomson  obtained  from  one 
of  the  British  officers  a  passport  for  herself  and  little 
daughter,  Charlotte.  On  her  way  down,  she  had  an 
interview  with  her  husband,  and  passed  on.  She  made 
the  intended  purchases,  and  while  so  engaged,  left  her 
child  in  a  room,  only  saying  that  a  gentleman  or  two 
might  step  into  the  room,  and  she  must  not  l)e  fright- 
ened, he  would  not  hurt  her.  but  that  she  must  keep 
in  her  bosom  anything  that  he  might  place  there. 
Accordingly  while  alone  in  the  room,  a  gentleman  en- 
tered, and  looked  anxiously  around,  then  bowed  to 
her,  put  a  folded  paper  into  her  bosom,  and  went 
hastily  out,  without  saying  a  word.  The  mother  i-e- 
turned,  and  they  left  the  city  immediately;  the  father 
again  met  them,  conducted  them  into  General  Greene's 
camp,  and  introduced  them  to  the  general.  The  little 
girl  was  aske*!  by  the  general,  if  she  had  not  some- 
thing for  him,   but  she,  having  been    niuch  amused 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  3S1 

with  the  novelty  of  every  thing  that  she  saw,  had  for- 
gotten all  that  had  passed  in  the  room,  and  told  him 
'no.'  He  then  asked  more  particularly  for  a  paper, 
that  had  been  put  into  her  bosom,  and  she  gave  it  to 
him.  It  has  since  transpired  that  General  Greene  had 
agreed  with  General  Andrew  Williamson  for  a  partic- 
ular description  of  the  British  forces  in  Charleston,  on 
condition  that  he  should  be  screened  from  confiscation 
and  other  injury.  General  Greene  did  obtain  the  in- 
formation from  Williamson,  and  it  was  probably  in 
this  way.  through  Colonel  Thomson.  The  little  daugh- 
ter of  that  day.  is  now  the  venerably  Mrs.  Charlotte 
Haskill,  the  only  survivor  of  Colonel  Thomson's  large 
family.  He  had  four  sons  and  eight  daughters.  Of 
these  sons,  William  and  Paul  lived  to  be  married; 
Paul  had  no  children;  William  left  a  fine  family, 
among  whose  descendants  the  name  is  preserved  and 
cherished.  The  daughters,  we  believe,  were  all  mar- 
ried, and  left  families. 

''At  the  commencement  of  the  revolution  Colonel 
Thomson  was  an  indigo  planter,  living  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  affluence  and  domestic  happiness.  His  only 
motive  for  resistance,  was  a  sense  of  duty  to  protect 
the  chartered  rights  of  iiis  country,  and  the  rights  of 
British  subjects  in  America.  In  the  course  of  the  rev- 
olution, he  lost  almost  everything  that  was  movable, 
from  his  plantation.  His  valuable  stock  of  horses  and 
cattle,  with  his  negroes,  were  dispersed,  and  most  of 
them  lost.  The  camp  fever  and  small  pox  had  been 
introduced  into  his  plantation,  by  the  British  troops, 
and  about  one  hundred  of  his  people  died  of  these 
dreadful  disorders.  But  none  of  his  negroes  ever  left 
him  to  join  the  British,  notwithstanding  their  prom- 
ises of  freedom,  their  temptations,  and  their  threats. 
One  negro,  named  'Abram,'  had  been  intrusted  by  his 
master  with  the  care  of  a  favorite  blooded  horse,  and 


382  THE  HISTORY  OF 

the  enemy  heard  of  it.  All  their  endeavors  to  obtain 
the  horse  were  of  no  avail  with  Abram.  and  at  last, 
from  threats  they  proceeded  to  execution.  He  was 
hung  up,  by  the  neck,  three  several  times,  until  sense- 
less, but  still  refused  to  reveal  the  place  in  which  he 
had  concealed  the  horse.  The  name  of  Abram  is 
gratefully  spoken  of  by  Colonel  Thomson's  family  to 
this  day,  and  his  other  faithful  services  recounted. 

"When  Charleston  was  recoveied  from  the  British. 
Colonel  Thomson  returned  to  his  plantation,  and  <iili- 
gently  endeavored  to  restore  his  shattered  fortune. 
He  continued  the  cultivation  of  indigo,  very  success- 
fully, as  long  as  he  lived.  His  house  was  ever  hospi- 
tably open  to  all  travellers;  his  friends  and  neighl)ors 
were  ever  generously  entertained  at  his  plentiful 
board.  To  some  he  was  too  liberal  and  confiding;  he 
involved  his  estate  by  securityship  to  ii  large  amount. 

"He  continued  subject  to  the  calls  of  his  country, 
whenever  his  services  were  needed  for  public  purposes, 
and  again  became  the  sheriff  of  Orangeburg  District. 
He  was  fond  of  the  sports  of  the  field  and  of  the  turf, 
and  for  his  enjoyment  in  these  he  kept  a  choice  collec- 
tion of  hounds  and  horses.  He  enjoyed  these  pleasures 
the  more,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  his  associ- 
ates, and  was  as  much  amused  with  their  eriors  and 
mishaps,  as  with  their  success  in  the  hunt.  To  him 
they  were  very  exciting  scenes  and  incidents. 

"Colonel  Thomson's  health  having  declined,  lie 
travelled  to  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia,  hoping  for 
its  restoration,  but  he  died  there  on  the  2"2(1  of  No- 
vember, 179(>.  aged  sixty-nine  years." 

The  late  Mr.  Simms,  in  his  book,  "South  Carolina  in 
the  Revolution",  has  also  paid  a  trilmte  to  (.'olonel 
Thomson  and  the  3rd.  regiment,  as  follows: 

"Tlie  resistance  to  the  efforts  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton, 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 

with  the  lan<l  ariuy.  at  the  east  end  of  the  Island,  con- 
ducted h}^  native  rifleineii,  under  Colonel  Thompson, 
was  such  as  to  paralyze  the  enemy.  This  portion  of 
the  affair  has  been  but  little  comaiented  upon  by  our 
historians;  yet  the  fire  of  Thompson's  marksmen,  with 
rifies,  and  from  two  snuill  field-pieces,  was  such^ — and 
the  British  flotilla,  advancing  from  Long  Island  upon 
the  eastern  end  of  Sullivan's,  were  so  raked  by  the 
tire — that  the  men  could  not  be  kept  to  their  guns. 
The  decks  were  cleared,. the  flotilla  dispersed,  the  en- 
terprise abandoned;  yet  the  force  of  Clinton  consisted 
of  2,000  British  infantry,  exclusive  of  some  600  or  700 
marines  and  boatmen,  supplied  from  the  fleet;  while 
Thompson's  strength  lay  in  his  two  cannon,  a  small 
redoubt  of  palmetto  logs,  and  700  rifles."* 

Dr.  Johuson  also  gives,  in  a  letter  to  Col.  Wade 
Hampton,  dated  June  27,  1S42,  another  account  of 
Col.  Thomson's  defeat  of  Clinton,  which,  while  it  does 
not  differ  materially  fronj  that  given  in  his  ''Tradi- 
tions", adds  some  interesting  facts.  The  following  ex- 
tracts from  Dr.  Johnson's  letter  relate  to  Col.  Thom- 
son and  his  regiment: 

'•Col.  William  Thompson,  of  Orangeburg  District, 
having  been  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  3d  reg- 
iment, had  his  complement  of  men  soon  ,made  up  by 
the  enlistment  of  some  of  the  most  expert  Riflemen 
in  the  State;  he  himself  being  one  of  the  most.prac- 
ticed  among' them.  He  had  the  finest  eye  that  I  ever 
saw  in  the  head  of  mortal  man. 

"With  but  little  experience  in  war,  and  certainly 
without  having  ever  heard  a  cannon  flred  at  an  ene- 
my, the  2d  and  3d  regiments  were  ordered  to  oppose 
the  best  appointed  armament  that  had  then  been 
equipped  against  any  part  of  the  United  States,  not 

*See  i\]iio  Southern  Quarferfiy  J?rricw,  IHAS. 


384  THE  HISTORY  OF 

merely  sent  for  the  capture  of  Charleston,  but  for  the 
conquest  of  the  three  Southern  States."  [The  force 
that]  "Col.  Thompson  commanded,  was  stationed  at  the 
eastern  extremity  of  Sullivan's  Island,  called  the  ad- 
vance guard,  and  ordered  to  protect  it  and  fort  Sulli- 
van from  the  bayonets  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton's  infan- 
try, then  encamped  on  Long  Island,  within  sight  of 
the  redoubt.  He  had  but  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  it 
was  then  first  proved  that  the  riflemen  make  the  best 
gunners  for  artillery.  The  plan  of  attack  was  this; 
while  the  fleet  attacked  the  forts,  the  British  army 
was  to  land  and  storm  them,  if  not  already  abandon- 
ed. An  armed  schooner  and  a  flotilla  of  armed  boats 
were  ordered  to  attack  Col.  Thompson's  redoubt,  in 
order  to  cover  the  landing  of  the  infantry.  They  did. 
indeed,  repeatedly  make  the  attack,  but  were  always 
received  by  the  cool,  well-directed  fire  of  the  Orange- 
burg sharp-shooters,  then  for  the  first  time  firing  can- 
non, loaded  with  grape  shot;  the  flotilla  was  always 
repulsed  with  great  loss. 

"Mr.  Alexander  Forester,  a  near  relation  of  the  Kow- 
and  family,  was  in  South  Carolina  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  revolution,  and  like  many  other  consci- 
encious  but  mistaken  men,  believed  that  his  first  duty 
was  to  his  king.  He  returned  after  the  revolution, 
and  told  my  father  in  my  presence,  that  he  was  one 
of  the  detachment  ordered  to  land  on  the  eastern  end 
of  the  Island;  that  he  was  in  the  armed  schooner,  and 
that  in  every  attempt  made  to  reach  the  position  as- 
signed to  them,  the  destruction  from  Col  Thompson's 
two  cannon  was  so  great,  and  their  decks  so  repeat- 
edly swept  by  grape  shot,  that  even  the  seamen  could 
not  be  made  to  work  the  vessel,  and  the  landing  of 
the  British  troops  was  thus  prevented.  Col.  Moultrie 
well  merited  the  praises  bestowed  on  him  for  so  ably 
defending  the  fort,  called  fort  Moultrie,  in  compliment 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


385 


to  its  gallant  defender:  l»ut  the  no  less  snccessful  and 
important  duty  performed  by  Col.  Thompson,  at  his 
station,  is  not  generally  known.  They  who  suffered 
hy  it  were  the  least  willing  to  acknowledge  their  de- 
feat, and  ascribed  their  failure  to  other  causes.  In  their 
official  desi>atches,  they  said  that  the  flotilla  became 
embarrassed  among  the  shoals,  and  the  channel  proved 
too  deep  for  the  infantiy  to  ci'oss  over." 


"In  wishing  you  harmony  and  happiness,  I  beg  leave 
to  offer  a  toast,  in  which  I  believe  all  will  cordially 
unite. 

"Col.  William  Thompson  and  his  gallant  sharp- 
shooters of  Orangeburg,  as  true  in  a  fort  as  in  a  bush 
fight." 

The  following  is  an  incomplete  list  of  the  officers  of 
Thon]son's  regiment,  made  up  from  various  sources: 


HANK. 

NAME. 

APPniNTKl). 

UKMAFiKS. 

Colonel 
Lieut.  Col. 

MajoT* 

\Vm.  Thomson 
\Vm.  Thomson 
James  Mayson 
William  Henderson 
.lames  Maysou 
Samuel  Wise 

At):  Jan.  1.  1777 
June  l.s,  177." 
Ab:  Jan.  1,  1777 
Fell.  11.  17S() 
June  18, 1 775 
Ab:  Jan.  1,  1777 

Promoted. 

I'ronioied. 

Killed  at  Savannah,  Oct.  JHh, 

Adjutant 
Paymaster 

John  Esom 
f'harles  Heatly 
John  Chesnut 

Ab:July20,1775t 
June  21,  1775t 

*Oii  Dec.  2,  1775,  a  letter  was  addressed  by  Henry  Laurens,  [^resident  of  the 
<'ouncil  of  Safety,  to  "Andrew  Williamson,  esq..  Major  in  Col.  Thomson's  Regi- 
ment at  Ninety-Six".  This  only  meant  that  Major  Wfllianis(»n  was,  for  the 
time  beins',  serving-  under  Col.  Thomson — not  that  he  belonged  tt)  the  3rd  reg;i- 
ment. 

From  the  Journal  of  f'oiuu-il  of  Safety  for  Jan.  11,  177(>,  we  extract:  "Col. 
Thomson  and  Major  P>rguson  of  the  rangers  attended",  &c.  Maj.  Ferguson 
probably  bore  the  same  ndation  to  f'td.  Thomson  that  Maj.  Williamson  did,  as 
I'ecited  above.     He  was  not  a  Major  in  the  Hrd  regiment. 

t"Col.  Thomson  attended  the  Council, and  represented  the  necessity  of  having 
an  Adjutant  to  the  Regiment  under  his  command. 

"The  (^ouncil  taking  the  said  representation  into  consideration, 

"Rf.solved,  That  as  theCongress  had  not  a|)pointed  an  Adjutant  for  the  Regi- 
ment of  Rangers,  they  can  only  approve  of  Col.  Thomson's  choice,  and  agree  to 
recommend  to  the  next  Provincial  Congress  to  provide  the  pay." — Journal  of 
Council  of  Safety,  July  lOth,  1775. 

"Tf)  Col.  Thomson,  for  pay  due  to  .John  Esom,  Adjutant  to  his  regiment  of 
rangers tils     <)0     ()". — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety.  Jan.  2r!i-d,  177(i. 

JHe  was  ajipoiuted  on  June  21st,  but  his  commission  was  dated  .lune  IStli. 
See  page  1  SO. 


386 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


HA.NK. 

NAME. 

API'OI.NTKn. 

RKMAKKS. 

Paymaster 

[John  James  Haig* 

Ab:  Sept.  10, 1777 

Surgeon 

Alexamler  Rogers 

July  14.  177." 

Taptain 

Samuel  Wise 

June  \H.  177."> 

Promoted  major. 

Ezekiel  Polk 

His   comi)any  classed  as  vol- 
unteers. 

John  Caldwellf 

"        •• 

Killed   by  "Bloody   Bill"  Cun- 

Ely  KershaAV 

[inKham'stories.Nov.  1781.$ 

Robert  Goodwyn§ 

Moses  Kirklanil 

Deserted  to  the  enemy,  1775. 

Eflvv'd  Richardson 

" 

Resigned  Jan.  80.  177(5.11 

Thos.  Woodward 

"        ..        .. 

Resinned  Jan.  80,  177«).11 

" 

John  Purvis 

•* 

John  LeAvis  I'ever 

Imhoff 

Aug-ust,  1  77.^1 

f'harles  Heatly 

Richard  Winn 

Mentioned  187H 

John  Donaldson 

Felix  Warley 

James  Wat  ley 

Richard  Rrown 

October,  1770 

I>Mvid  Hopkins 

" 

Robert  Lyles 

Mentioned  1  777 

Thomas  Taylor 

1777 

ResiK-ned  Oct.  1777(1 

J.  f'arawav  Smith 

177N 

"• 

Mask  all 

177S 

William  Heatl.v.Jr. 

" 

Jesse  Baker° 

" 

John  Buchanan" 

William  Caldwell" 

Field  Farrar° 

Wounded  at  Savannah.  1  77I>. 

Alexander  Keith" 

Keith" 

" 

Thomas  Marshall" 

" 

Fiichard  Pollard" 

Oliver  Tow les" 

Killed  by  "Bloody  Bill"  Cun- 
iiiKhani's  tories.  Nov.  1 7S1  ** 

Lieutenant 

John  Lewis  Pevei- 

Imhoff 

June  IS.  ]77."> 

I'romoted  Cai)tain. 

Charles  Heatly 

Richard  Winn 

"Sir — Complaints  have  been  frequently  made  to  ns,  of  jjreat  inconveniences 
arisins:  to  the  regiment  and  detachments  of  rangers,  from  your  non-attendance 
In  person  or  by  a  sufficient  deputy.  It  has  been  allejfed,  tliat  Ions  continued 
sickness  has  rendered  you  incapable  of  performing  .vour  duty:  if  this  be  true, 
you  outjht  to  have  ajjpointed  proper  clerks,  and  to  have  acquainted  us  with 
the  cause  of  your  a))sence.  We  desire  you  will  immediately  take  such  measures 
as  will  tend  to  the  public  service,  and  prevent  further  c<)m))lafnts  in  your  de- 
partment. 

"By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

"Mr.  Chesnut.  Henry  Laurens,  President."— 

Journal  of  Council  of  Safety.  Jan.  18th,  1776. 

Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  21),  177(5:  "To  John  Chesnut,  esq.,  Pa.y- 
master  to  the  rangers,  for  pay  of  the  officers,  and  6  companies  of  that  regimeni. 
up  to  the  20th  instant £11, .571     12     11." 

*"John  James  Haig  is  appointed  Our  Pay  Master."— Col.  Thomson  to  Lieut. 
Col.  Mayson,  Sept.  15th,  1777. 

tHe  was  maternal  uncle  of  John  (,'aldwell  Calhoun. 

tO'Neall's  Annals  of  Newberry  District. 

SGen.  DeSaussure  says,  pam])hlet,  page  7,  that  (apt.  (Joodwyn  resigned  Maj' 
80,  1778,  l)ut  Gen.  Lachlan  Mcintosh,  in  his  journal  for  April  26,  1780,  states 
that  "Cai)tain  Goodwin,  of  :?d  South-Carolina",  was  on  that  day  killed  in  the 
siege  of  Charlestown. 

fJournal  of  Council  of  Safety,  Jan.  30.  177<>. 

II DeSaussure,  page  lo.     "DeSaussure. 

•*0'Neairs  ,\nnals  of  Newberry  District,  page  24.'{. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


387 


KANK. 

NAMK.                               AITOINTKK. 

RKMARKS. 

l^ieiiteiiant 

.lolin  Donaldson      Ljnne  IS,  177r> 

Promoted  Cajitain. 

" 

Husli  Middleton 

" 

Louis  Dutarfiiif' 

Resigned  Jan.  -SO,  1770.!? 

" 

FraiK'is  Buykin 

<• 

Samuel  Watson 

" 

Wni.  Heatly.Jr.t 

••    17.       ■• 

" 

David  Hoij'kins 

June,  177." 

rromr)ted  Captain. 

" 

Thomas  Charlton 

•  > 

Cantey 

I. 

" 

David  Mono>>l)an 

I'iesifjned  Dec.  1.5,  177.'i.t 

" 

Moses  Vance 

July  1.  177.-. 

" 

Mitfhell 

177.-. 

<' 

Joseph  }'ledser 

Resigned  Jan.  .SO,  1770. § 

'• 

Beanies 

177.^)  or  177n 

♦  ' 

r'rowthers 

Resigned  Oct.  177S. 

Maskall 

"       "       " 

Promoted  Captain. 

Willam  Caldwell 

"       " 

Promoted  Captain.* 

" 

Charles  M.Genney 

Mentioned  1778 

" 

McGinis 

«• 

William  Taggert 

"                '• 

«> 

Hartll 

Resijrned  Oct.  1778. 

" 

Wm.  R.  Thonisfin 

"         " 

** 

Bailey 

177'.» 

Killed  at  Savannah,  Oct.  V). 
1779. 

/      " 

Louis  DeSaussure 

Killed    at   Savannah,   Oct.  9, 

1779. 

*' 

Robert  Gaston 

Killed  at  Savannah,  Oct.  N, 
1779. 

William  Goodwyn* 

Resif?ued  May  30,  1778.* 

" 

John  Lisle* 

Aug.  1779.* 

" 

Cato  West* 

Se|)t.  14.  1778.* 

," 

Isaac  Cowther* 

'• 

John  Davis* 

•  ' 

Wm.  Fitzjiatrick* 

" 

Benjamin  Hodnes* 

♦' 

John  Jones* 

>' 

Richard  Jones* 

" 

Edward  Lloyd* 

" 

(Jeorfje  Liddell* 

" 

William  Love* 

" 

Luke  Mason* 

" 

James  Roberson* 

Knsisn 

Wm.  R.  Withers* 

Corporal 

Daniel  Shannon 

Thomson's  order  book. 

Section  S.     Cohnic/  TIiod/soi/'s  Onler  Book — June  24fh, 
r/7r^,  fo  Noreniher  Hnl,  1778. 

Dr.  Joseph  Johnson,  in  his  "Traditions  of  the  Revo- 
lution", page  99,  states  that  the  order  books  of  Col. 
William  Thomson  "have  been  preserved  by  his  family, 
and  are  verv  creditable  to  his  officer-like  conduct  and 


§.Iournal  of  Council  of  Safet.v,  .Ian.  :'.(>,  1  77<>. 

tHeitman's  Continental  Officers. 

JJournal  of  Council  of  Safet.v,  Dec.  1.'".,  177-.. 

*DeSaussnre. 

llDerrill  Hart,  no  doubt. 


THE  HISTORY  OP 


discretion."  One  of  these  books  is  now  in  possession 
of  Judge  A.  C.  Haskell,  of  Colymbia,  who  has  very 
kindly  allowed  it  to  be  copied  for  use  in  this  work. 
The  book  is  bound  in  soft  brown  leather,  is  about 
eight  by  ten  inches  in  size,  contains  about  ninety  un- 
ruled pages,  very  closely  written  in  the  style  of  script 
that  generally  prevailed  at  the  time  of  the  American 
Revolution.  The  following  is  a  carefully  made  copy 
of  the  original: 


[l]8t  Regiment 

2nd:    Regiment 

Rangers: 

Ist:  Colonel 

£ 
Mr:  Gadsflen  :  (J  per  Day 

Colonel  Und:  Regt: 
Wm:  Monltrie 

Lt:  Colonel  of  Rangers 
Colonel  Thomson 

lA:  Col:  Isaac  Huger 

Lt:  f'ol:  Isaac  Motte 

James  Mayson  Ma- 

Owen Roberts,  Major 

Alexr:  Mcintosh  Major 

(^'hK:Cli\vt:  Piiu-kney.... 
BarnaiMl  Elliott 

X 

c 

'S 

a 
s 

's 

J  as:  McDonald 

F:zek:  Polk    

I 

Francis  Marion 

= 

Wm:  Cattel 

5 

Peter  Horrv 

Francis  Huger..    .  . 

'% 

a 

Adni:  McDonald 

Ednid:  Hyrne 

Roger  Saunders.    . 

^ 

Tlionias  Evnch 

Thos:  Woodward 

Wni:  Scott 

Beni:  Cattel 

John  Barnwell 

Anthony  Ashby 

James  Ladsdeh 

John  Vanderhost 

John  Mouatt  

Thomas  Elliott 

X 

c 

eg 

a 

Z 
3 

Alexr:  McCiueen 

X 

s 

i. 

s 

Jno:  Lewis  Pyre  Inhoff 
(has:  Heatlev ." 

*^ 

Richard  Shubrick 

Richard  Fuller..; 

Richd:  Shingleton 

Jno:  Allen  Walter 

5 

Richd:   Wyron  Winn.... 

*! 

Wm:  Oliphant 

Hugh  Middleton 

- 

Glvn  Dravton 

Lewis  Dutarque 

Francis  Boyakln 

Samuel  Wat8f>n 

J 

Joseph  loor 

W m :  Cha rnock 

Thos:  Lesesne. 

Robert  Armstrong 

John  Blake 

Pay  Master: 

Thos:  Evanee 

P 

ay  Master: 

Jno:  Sandft:  Dart 

V 

ay  Master: 

Jno:  Chesnut 

Council  of  Safety. 


Col:  Pinckney 
Col:  Laurens 
Col:  Parsons 


Mr:  Lowniles 
Mr:  Brewton 
Ben:  Elliott 


Wm:  Hen:  Drayton 
Thos:  Heywood 
John  Huger 


\  Wm:  Williamson 
[  Thos  Bee 
r  rhos:  Ferguson 
J  Andw:  Middleton 


On  the  2>A^}}  June,  1  received  my  Commission  from 
the  above  named  Council  of  Safety  with  the  following 
orders. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  389 

In  the  Council  of  Safety, 

21^;.  June  1775./ 
To  William  Thomson  Esq}'. 

Lieut:  Col:  Commandantof  theRegim*  of 
Rangers  or  to  the  commanding  officers  for  the  time 
being. 
Sir, 

You  are  hereby  directed  forthwith  to  Issue  Or- 
ders for  levying  in  this  and  the  adjacent  Colonies 
proper  men  not  exceeding  thirty  in  each  Company  to 
serve  for  six  months  certain  and  not  longer  than  three 
Years  in  the  Regiment  of  Rangers  under  your  com- 
mand observing  the  Articles  agreed  upon  in  Provin- 
cial Congress,  for  Ordering  and  governing  the  Forces 
in  this  Colony.  And  it  is  recommended  to  all  the 
good  People  of  this  and  the  neighboring  Colonies  to 
give  you  and  the  officers  under  your  command  all 
necessary  aid  and  assistance  therein. 

Signed  by  the  above  Council. 
True  Copy. 

Amelia  24^1' June  1775./ 

Sir. 

Inclos'd  is  a  Copy  of  orders  I  rec*?  from  the 
Council  of  Safty.  You  will  observe  the  contents  and 
give  orders  accordingly  to  the  four  upper  Companies 
Viz:  Captf.  Perwis.  Kirkland,  Caldwell,  and  Polk, 
you  will  also  order  an  Encampment  in  the  most  con- 
venient place  near  Reedy  River  and  that  each  CaptV. 
as  soon  as  he  has  enlisted  Ten  men  to  send  them  to 
the  Camp  in  order  to  learn  their  Exercise  and  be  in 
readiness  with  a  good  Horse,  and  Rifle,  and  other  ne- 
cessaries. 

directed  sign'd 

To  Major  James  Mason.  Wm  Thomson 

True  Copy 


390  THE  HISTORY  OF 

same  dny  gave  orders  to  the  lemaining  Hve  Capt*: 
Wise,   Woodward,   Kirshaw,   Rirhardson,   and   Good- 
wyn,  for  their  levying  thirty   men  with  speed,  with 
oi'ders  for  each  Captain  immediately  upon  raising  Ten 
men  to  send  the  same  to  their  Camp  near  Holmans. 

Wni  Thomson 

In  the  Council  of  Safety, 
Orders. 
To  Col:  William  Thomson 

Charles  Towne  June  26^1?  1775 

Sir, 

You  are  hereby  forthwith  ordered  to  station  at 
Fort  Charlotte  a  Company  of  Rangers  to  Harrison  that 
Post,  and  to  take  care  of  the  Military  Stores  which  are 
there  deposited. 

You  will  direct  the  commandiiig  Officer  of  this  De- 
tachment to  take  an  Inventory  of  the  Military  Stores 
he  shall  find  in  the  Fort  and  to  send  to  the  Council  of 
Safety  an  Exact  Copy  of  it,  and  also  an  Account  of 
the  state  of  the  works. 

Order  the  Commanding  officer,  whom  you  send  on 
this  Service  to  inlist  the  Men  at  Present  in  Garrison 
to  serve  as  Rangers  if  they  are  willing,  and  give  Mr. 
Whitfield*  all  proper  Encouragement  to  remain  in  the 
Fort,  provided  he  will  be  subject  to  your  order,  we  are 
very  desirous  of  retaining  him  in  the  Service  of  the 
Colony,  and  therefore  you  might  propose  to  him  pay 
equal  to  his  present  allowance,  which  we  will  confirm 
if  he  accepts  it,  and  will  upon  Your  Recommendation 
of  him  as  a  proper  Person  appoint  him  to  the  first  Va- 
cancy in  your  Regiment. 

You  will  also  cause  the  two  Brass  Field  Pieces,  and 

*Georj;;e  Wliittit'ld,  a  iui)lic\v  of  tlu'  ctlchratcd  Rt>v.  George  Whit- 
field. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  391 

all  tlie  Spare  Bayonets  in  the  Fort,  to  be  sent  in  a  cov- 
ered Wagijoii  and  by  a  careful  Waggoner  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety  in  Charles  Town. 

You  will  immediately  send  a  copy  of  these  Instruc- 
tions to  Major  Mason,  in  order  that  he  may  not  exe- 
cute any  thing  relative  to  the  Directions  he  had  con- 
cerning Fort  Charlotte. 
We  are  Sir. 

Your  most  humble  serv^ 
Col.  W'»'  Thomson         By  order  of  the  Council 

Henry  Lawren«,  President. 
Colonel  W"'  Thomson 


Amelia  July  l^t  1775./ 
Orders: 
To  Major  Ja^  Mason. 

Sir.  Inclos'd  you  will  find  orders,  I 

rec*?  from  the  Council  of  Safety  You  are  hereb}"  or- 
dered forthwith  carefully  to  put  them  into  Execution, 
direct  CaptV  Perwis  to  take  the  Command,  desire 
You  will  see  that  he  has  good  likel}^  Men  and  good 
Rifles  &c. 

Desire  You  may  give  CaptV  Purvis  orders  to  see  that 
M^  Whitfield  and  his  Possession  is  not  molested  if  he 
will  accept  the  offers  made  him,  and  if  it  is  conven- 
ient for  him  I  would  be  glad  to  see  him  at  my  House. 

I  hope  you  will  see  that  the  four  Capt''  of  Rangers 
in  your  neighborhood  does  list  good  likely  Rifled 
Men.  T  expect  to  hear  from  you  as  soon  as  you  have 
executed  these  orders,  which  I  make  no  doubt  will  be 
on  sight.  I  intend  for  Town  this  Day  week,  but  will 
be  home  in  few  Days. 

W'"  Thomson. 
True  Copy 


392  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Amelia  b;  July  1775. 
Sir 

Yours  of  the  29'''  by  M""  Swcinston  I  rereived,  I 
desire  Yoa  will  send  some  of  Your  Men,  not  less  than 
Twelve,  with  one  Officer,  as  soon  as  You  can,  I  inclose 
You  the  Articles  against  Meeting,  and  the  Oath  to  be 
taken  by  the  Men  when  listed.  Have  the  Meeting 
Act  Read  to  Your  Men,  and  them  properly  enlisted, 
good  likely  Rifles,  1  hope  to  see  You  have,  as  1  know 
You  can  have  choice,  tell  my  Friend  your  Brother,  I 
am  ohlig'd  to  go  to  Town  this  Day  Week,  as  soon  as 
I  return  hope  to  see  him,  in  mean  while  hope  he  will 
endeavor  to  settle  the  Minds  of  the  Catawbas  as  I  am 
almost  sure  some  one  has  been  tampering  with  them. 

True  Copv.     W"*  Thomson 
To 
:   Capt"  Eli  Kirshaw. 

Sir,  3'''^  July  1775./ 

Some  time  past  1  wrote  to  you  to  come  down  or 
send  Your  Lieutenant  to  receive  Your  commission  and 
orders,  but  has  not  heard  from  You,  makes  me  think 
the  Letter  miscarried  I  expect  you  have  listed  Your 
number  of  thirty  before  this  time  our  Can:ip  is  near 
Holman's  on  the  old  Road,  1  shall  go  to  Town  Satur- 
day, in  the  mean  tinje  beg  to  see  you  or  Your  Lieu- 
tenant 

I  remain.  Sir 

Your  humble  Servt 

True  Copy  i  W  Thomson 

To  CaptV  Woodward, 

In  the  Council  of  Safety,  V6^}^  July.  1775. 
ordered, 

That  Col:  William  Thomson  do  immedi- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  393 

ately  make  a  return  to  the  Council  of  the  several 
Companies  in  the  Regiment  of  Rangers  specifying  the 
names  of  the  officers  non=coni missioned  officers,  and 
Privates,  the  station  of  each  Company  together  with  a 
state  of  their  Cloathing,  Horses,  and  Ammunition. 

That  if  the  Companies  are  not  full,  he  use  his  ut- 
most Diligence  in  order  to  complete  them- and  that 
each  Man  be  well  mounted,  armed  and  accoutred.  On 
the  Tenth  Day  of  August  next,  Eight  companies  shall 
rendezvous  at  some  proper  Place  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Colonel,  and  march  \)j  the  following  Routes,  to 
wit: 

Three  Companies  to  the  Southward  by  Orangeburgh, 
to  the  three  Runs,  thence  down  Savannah  River  to 
Purrysburg,  thence  to  Ponpon,  and  downward  by  the 
High  Road. 

Three  Companies  to  the  Northward,  by  the  Kings 
Tree,  and  the  most  Populous  Parts  of  Waccamaw^  and 
Pedee  to  George  Town,  thence  by  Wambaw  to  Hugers 
Bridge,  and  by  the  Strawberry  Road  going  up  to 
Childsburry=Town  to  Biggin  Bridge,  Monck's  Corner, 
and  thence  downward  by  the  High  Road. 

Two  Companies  through  S^.  Stephen's  Parish  down 
to  Monck's  Corner  thence  to  Edistow  saw  Mills,  and 
from  thence  thro'  the  Horshoe,  and  Round  0  to  Par- 
kers Ferry,  Dorchester,  and  thence  down  the  High 
Road. 

That  Col:  Thomson  do  march  with  the  First  Detach- 
ment to  the  Southward.  That  Major  Mason  do  march 
with  the  second  Detachment  to  the  Northward. 

That  the  senior  CaptV  on  Duty  march  with  the 
third  Detachment  of  two  Companies. 

That  the  whole  meet  and  rendezvous  at  some  con- 
venient Place  within  Ten  Miles  of  Charles  Town  on 
the  First  Day  of  September,  and  that  notice  of  the 


394  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Junction  and  Encampment  he  iminediateh'  given  to 
the  President  of  the  Council. 

That  the  utmost  Diligence  be  constantly  used,  to 
train  and  Exercise  the  Regiment  by  Companies  and 
otherwise  as  Opportunities  may  permit,  in  the  use  of 
Arms  agreeable  to  the  Manual  Exercise  approved  of 
by  the  Council. 

That  strict  discipline  be  at  all  times  kept  up  in  the 
Regiment,  Companies,  and  Detachments,  .  ,  That  Ma- 
rauding and  every  degree  of  Injury  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants or  their  property  be  strictly  forbidden;  and  that 
exemplary  Punishment  be  duely  inflicted  upon  offend- 
ers against  the  orders  of  the  Council  and  the  Articles 
of  War. 

That  all  needful  and  proper  Assistance  be  given, 
when  required  by  the  Parochial  Committees,  officers 
of  the  Colony  Regiments  of  Foot,  Magistrates  and  offi- 
cers of  the  Militia  who  have  signed  the  genei-al  Asso- 
ciation; and  imuiediate  Notice  transferred  to  the 
Council  of  such  Requisitions,  and  services  intended  or 
performed. 

That  orderly  Books  be  kept  by  the  commanding  of- 
ficer of  each  Detachment  and  the  whole  returned,  to- 
gether with  a  State  of  the  Regiments,  at  the  time  of 
their  Rendezvous  on  the  first  of  September  to  the 
Council. 

As  there  are  persons  suspected  of  attempts  to  alien- 
ate the  affections  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Colony 
from  the  Interests  of  America,  Col:  Thomson  and  all 
the  officers  of  the  Regiment  of  Rangers,  are  ordered 
to  take  proper  Notice  of  such  suspected  Persons.  And 
if  it  shall  appear  to  the  Colonel,  or  the  Commanding 
officer  of  any  Detachment,  that  the  conduct  or  be- 
havior of  such  Person  or  Persons  are  dangerous  to 
the  safety  of  the  Colony  the  Colonel  or  such  Com- 
manding Officer  of  any    Detachment  is   required  to 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  395 

confine  such  Person  or  Persons  in  the  District  Gaol  or 
otherwise,  and  report  immediately  to  the  Council  of 
Safety. 

Col:  Thomson  is  to  procure  from  Fort  Charlotte, 
half  a  Pound  of  Gun=Powder  per  Man,  and  Lead  in 
proportion,  for  the  Eight  Companies  which  are  to 
march  and  to  the  Commanding  Officer  of  Fort  Char- 
lotte, a  receipt  for  such  Powder  and  Lead.  Strict  or- 
ders to  be  given  for  the  Preservation  of  such  Pow- 
der and  Lead,  against  all  kind  of  Damage;  and  that  no 
part  be  used  but  as  occasions  may  require  solely  for 
the  service  of  the  Colony. 

Owners  and  Keepers  of  Ferries  are  to  charge  Ferri- 
age of  the  Rangers  and  their  Horses,  to  the  Public: 
Accounts  thei'eof  to  be  certified  by  the  Commanding 
officers  of  Detachments,  and  transmitted  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety.* 

The  Council  of  safety  recommend  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants— throughout  this  Colony,  to  treat  the  Regiment 
and  Detachments  of  Rangers  with  Hospitality,  and  to 
supply  them  with  Provision  and  necessaries,  for  their 
Money,  at  Reasonable  Rates.  By  order  of  the  Council 
of  Safety. 

Henry  Laurens 
True  Copy.  President. 

Amelia  17t.'>  July  1775./ 
Sir, 

I  herein  inclose  you  copy  of  the  orders  received 
from  the  Council  of  Safety.  You  will  please  to  give 
the  three  Companies  in  Your  District  orders  accord- 
ingly I  should  be  glad  if  you  would  have  them  all  in 
Amelia  by  the  sixth  Day  of  August  as  I  could  wish  to 
have  them   together   four   Days   before  they   March. 

*  "To  Jonas  Beard,  for  ferriajie  of  rangers,  £84  17.s  (Jd." — Journal 
of  Council  «)f  Safety,  Nov.  30,  1775. 


396  THE  HISTORY  OF 

You'll  observe  the  Instructions  about  the  Powder 
and  Lead  in  Proportion  and  order  down  sufficient 
Quantity  for  the  five  Company's  in  this  Neighbourhood, 
as  perscribed  in  the  General  orders,  that  I  may  be  able 
to  make  a  return  of  the  whole  You  may  supply  those 
three  Company's  with  their  Dividend  of  Powder  and 
Lead  before  they  come  down  in  order  to  save  Car- 
riage. I  make  no  doubt  but  you  have  comply'd  with 
the  orders  concerning  Fort  Charlotte  before  this  time. 
I  should  be  glad  to  hear  from  You  immediately. 

To  W>"  Thomson 

Major  Ja^  Mason.     True  Copy. 

Amelia  17^.''  July  1775./ 
Sir, 

You  are  hereby  required  to  rendezvous  your 
Company  in  Amelia  by  the  sixth  of  August  next,  in 
the  meantime  you  are  to  be  very  diligent  to  learn  them 
their  Exercise.  1  hereby  send  you  the  Manual  Exer- 
cise that  is  ordered  to  be  learned  by  the  Council  of 
Safety,  which  You'll  please  to  teach  them  except  the 
Bayonet  Exercise,  and  in  loading,  the  Breech  of  Rifles 
must  go  to  the  Ground,  and  that  You  immediately 
make  a  return  to  me  of  your  Company,  specifying  the 
names  of  the  Officers,  non  commissioned  officers,  and 
Privates,  the  Station  of  Your  Company  with  the  State 
of  their  Cloathing,  Horses,  &  Ammunition,  if  yonr 
Company  is  not  full,  use  your  utmost  diligence  to 
compleat  it 
I  remain 

Sir  Your  humble  Serv^ 

W»»  Thomson 

The   underwritten    is   a  Copy  of  Orders   from  the 
Council  of  Safety,  which  please  strictly  to  observe. 
"As  there   are   Persons   suspected  of   attempts   to 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  397 

"alienate  the  affections  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Col- 
''ony  from  the  Interest  of  America,  Col:  Thomson  and 
"all  the  Officers  of  the  Regiment  of  Rangers  are  order- 
"ed  to  take  proper  Notice  of  such  suspected  Persons. 
"And  if  it  shall  appear  to  the  Colonel  or  the  Com- 
"manding  Officer  of  any  Detachment  that  the  Conduct 
"and  Behaviour,  of  an,y  Person  or  Persons  are  danger- 
"ous  to  the  Safety  of  the  Colony,  the  Colonel,  or  such 
"commanding  officer  of  any  Detachment,  -is  required 
"to  confine  such  Person  or  Persons  in  the  District 
"Gaol,  or  otherwise  and  report  to  the  Council  of  safe- 
"ty  immediately. 

The  above  is  a  copy  of  Let- 
ters to  Capt'.i^  Wise,  Woodward,  Goodwyn,  Kirshaw 
and  Richardson. 

True  Copy. 

In  the  Council  of  Safety. 

Charles  Town,  W}^  July,  1775. 
Ordered. 

That  Col:  Thomson  do  immediately  march 
with  his  whole  Regiment,  or  such  Part  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary for  his  Service,  and  take  possession  of  Fort 
Charlotte,  if  the  same  is  not  already  secured  agree- 
able to  the  order  of  the  26th  of  June  last,  after  which 
he  is  to  leave  one  Company  in  Garrison  and  follow  his 
late  orders:  And  that  the  President  do  forthwith 
transmit  a  Copy  of  this  Order  and  write  Col:  Thomson 
on  the  Subject. 

Sign'd 
True  Copy.  Pef;  Timothy,  Secretary. 

lOtJi  July  1775 
Sir 

Please  to  order  your  Men  to  be  in  readiness  to 
March  at  half  a  Days  Warnings  for  perhaps  I  may  call 


398 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


upon  thern  about  Monday  next  to  take  a  Tour  of 
about  Ten  Days,  owing  to  some  Intelligence  I  just 
now  received  let  Lieutenant  Hopkins  proceed  on  his 
Journey,  forward  the  Express  to  Major  Mason  with  all 
possible  speed  I  am. 

To  Your  hnm'ble  Serv^ 

CaptV  Robert  Goodwyn.  W  T. 

Amelia.  lOtj.  July  1775. 
Sir 

I  just  now  rec^J  your  friendly  Letter  with  the 
orders  from  the  Council  of  Safety  which  shall  he  put 
in  execution  immediately.  I  expected  that  Major 
Mason  had  executed  the  orders  of  the  26fJ'  June  long 
before  this  time,  as  I  trusted  that  part  of  the  service 
to  him  with  particular  orders  to  execute  it,  being  in 
his  neighborhood  I  am  very  sorry  the  Council  of 
Safety  has  to  i-epeat  their  orders  to  me. 

To  W  T: 

Col:  Hen:  La  wrens. 

True  Copy. 

m^  July  1775. 
Sir. 

Since  the  Express  sent  You,  Yesterday,  I  have 
rec<J  Orders  from  the  Council  which  makes  it  neces- 
sary to  March  to  Fort  Charlotte  on  Savannah  River, 
It  is  hereby  ordered  that  You,  with  your  Com  pan}' 
meet  me  on  Sunday  next  at  the  Congarees  in  readi- 
ness for  that  Service. 

W  Th. . 
Copy's  of  the  above  was  sent  to  Capt^:   Woodward, 
Richardson,  and  Kirshaw. 

True  Cop3^ 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  399 

Amelia.  19^.1?  July  1775. 

Sir, 

Since  the  Express  sent  you  Yesterday,  I  have 
re('<?  a  Letter  and  orders  of  which  I  have  sent  you  a 
Copy,  1  desire  you  will  in) mediately  transmit  to  me  a 
state  of  the  whole  affair  as  it  now  stands.  I  shall  col- 
lect four  of  the  Lower  Company's  Immediately  and  be 
at  the  Congrees  in  five  Days  in  order  to  March  up  if 
the  needful  is  not  done  already  of  which  I  hope  to  be 
acquainted  from  you  before  that  Day.  I  desire  you 
will  collect  the  four  upper  Company's  to  have  them  in 
readiness  to  join  me  when  T  come  to  Ninety  six,  that 
is  if  Capt.  Purvis  is  not  in  the  Fort  already  according 
to  the  first  Orders,  If  so  the  express  of  Yesterday  will 
acquaint  You  what  to  do  with  the  other  three  Com- 
pany's. I  shall  be  extreamly  sorry  &  surprized  to  find 
the  orders  of  the  26*'^  has  not  been  put  into  execution 
by  You,  as  I  depended  entirely  on  You,  expecting  to 
have  them  as  absolutely  executed  as  If  I  had  been 
present.  I  shall  add  no  more  at  present  but  that  I 
expect  to  hear  from  You  as  above.     I  am 

Your  humble  Serv* 
True  Copy  W  T. 

To 
Major  James  Mason. 

For  Copy  of  Letter  and  &  order  sent  inclosed  see. 
orders  sign'd  Pet'.'  Timothy  &  Letter.  Henry  Law- 
re  ns. 

Granby  near  Fridays  Ferry,  the  22^^  Jnly  1775 
The  Honourable  Council  of  Safety. 

Gentlemen, 
I  this  evening  arrived  at  this  Place 
with  an  Intention  to  have  March'd    in  the  morning 


400  THE  HISTORY  OF 

with  Capt^  Kirshaw,  Richardson,  Goodw\  n's  &  Wood- 
ward's ill  order  to  carry  into  Execution  your  orders  of 
the  15^'i  Instant,  it  was  not  in  my  Power  to  collect  the 
four  Cympanys  together  sooner  Capt"  Wise  being  at 
the  gi'eatest  distance  and  also  near  a  Quarter  where  t 
was  inform'd  several  disaffected  Persons  live  say  on 
Thomson's  &  Lynch's  creek's,  for  whitdi  reasons  1 
only  sent  him  your  orders  of  the  13^''  Instant,  &  in- 
tended leaving  him  there  in  order  to  watch  the  Inten- 
tentions  of  these  Persons,  But  on  my  way  up  hither, 
1  met  an  express  from  Major  Mason,  to  the  Council  of 
Safety  and  also  one  for  my  self,  a  copy  of  which  I 
herewith  send  you  Inclosed.  I  shall  now  Camp  a  few^ 
miles  above  this  Place,  with  the  four  Company's  above 
mentioned  &  dispatch  iin  Express  to  Capt:  Wise  in  the 
morning  with  orders  for  him  to  repair  immediately 
with  his  Company  to  this  Cam]\  I  shall  also  send  or- 
ders to  Major  Mason  to  have  Fort  Charlotte  well 
guarded.  If  he  finds  it  necessary  with  the  whole  of 
the  other  three  Company's,  or  whatever  part  of  them 
may  be  rais'd.  The  paymaster  who  is  now  with  me, 
has  only  yet  received  1000£  which  1  brought  up  from 
Charles  Town  for  him,  there  being  no  more  ready 
£500  of  which  shall  be  sent  Immediately  to  Fort  Char- 
lotte, with  a  Detachment  that  I  purpose  sending  there 
in  order  to  get  a  small  supply  of  Gunpowder,  and 
Lead  agreeable  to  your  order  of  the  13t'>  Instant  being 
entirely  without,  Excepting  151';''  borrowed  of  M'!  Kir- 
shaw,  this  will  be  handed  you  by  Capf;  Woodward* 
who  being  desirous  of  going  to  Town  in  order  to  fit 
out  himself  and  his  Men,  &  as  he  also  comes  from  near 
that  Quarter  where  most  of  the  disaffected    lives  he 

*  "The  President  laid  before,  and  read  to  the  Coiuieil,  sundry  pa- 
pers, contained  in  a  dispatcli  from  Col.  William  Thomson,  reeeiveiJ 
Jast  nijiht  l)y  Capt.  Thomas  ^Vood ward,  of  the  Uangers." — Journal  of 
Couneil  of  Safety,  July  2t>tli,  177"). 


ORAT^GEBURG  COUNTY.  401 

f 

may  be  able  to  give  .some  farther  particulars  as  with 
regard  to  them. 

I  am  Gentlemen 

Your  most  obt  Serv* 

W»i  Thomson 

Sir,  Your   favour  dated,  Amelia  June 

27t.'i  oame  safe  to  Hand,  on  Sunday  last  the  2"^  In- 
stant. I  have  the  honour  of  acquinting  You  b}^  the 
return  of  the  F]x|ness  that  we  left  Charles  Town  not 
sooner  than  the  24^''  of  last  Month,  the  very  Day  after 
the  conclusion  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  having  ar- 
rived at  my  Place  I  begun  imniediately  to  enlist  Men, 
the  number  of  which  consisting  this  Day  in  22  well  cho- 
sen, young,  and  well  mounted  Men,  I  shall  no  doubt 
coinpleat  my  Company,  this,  or  the  beginning  of  next 
week.  But  permit  me  Sir.  to  observe  that  our  people 
wants  time  to  ecjuippe,  and  piepare  for  a  march  as 
long  as  such  we  have  to  perform  from  this  place  to  the 
Camp.  I  hope  to  set  out  at  the  Head  of  the  whole 
Company  about  the  \^}  of  August,  and  Join  the  Camp 
with  all  possible  diligence.  I  have  the  honour  to  be 
Sir 

Your  most  obedt  humble  Servt: 

Sam\  Wise 

Pedee  the  15ti>  July  1775. 

Sir, 

Just  as  I  was  about  to  dispatch  Mr.  Sallens  yes- 
terday with  the  four  Blank  Association  Papers,  which 
you  will  receive  in  a  seperate  packett,  certain  intelli- 
gence arrived  from.  Fort  Charlotte  which  render'd  it 
proper  to  detain  him  till  this  morning. 

The  Council  of  Safety  alarmed  by  an  intimation  of 
Mr  St  Pierres  proceed — with  one  Cossel,  in  the  Fort 
as  given  by  Capt:  Whitefield  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Gervais 


402  THE  HISTORY  OF 

&  not  clearly  informed  of  the  part  which  the  Capt 
himself  means  to  take,  are  anxious  that  you  should 
can-y  their  Orders  of  the  26*'i  June  into  execution  &■ 
immediately  take  possession  of  the  Fort  &  all  the 
Military  &  other  Stores  contained  in  it.  for  this  end 
the  Council  made  another  oider  last  night  for  enforc- 
ing the  former,  a  certitied  Copy  of  which  you  will  find 
here  inclosed. 

The  Gunpowder  is  most  particularly  recommended 
to  your  care,  not  only  to  get  possession  of  the  whole, 
but  to  prevent  damage  waste  and  misapplication  of 
any  part  &  not  a  moment  to  he  delayer]. 

I  flatter  myself  with  hopes  that  you  will  have  antic- 
ipated the  wishes  of  the  Counril,  that  the  Fort  is  now 
in  the  Hands  of  their  Officers  nevertheless  I  have  it  in 
charge  to  signify  their  commands  that  if  it  shall  be 
necessary  You  immediately  attempt  to  surmount 
every  difficulty  by  the  united  efforts  of  your  whole 
Regiment,  You  at  their  Heads  together  with  such  as- 
sistance as  our  Friends  &  associates  in  that  neighbor- 
hood may  think  proper  to  lend  upon  this  momentous 
affair.  The  Council  entertain  hopes  that  Capt:  White- 
tield  will  associate  in  the  Interest  of  America,  in  such 
case  he  will  correspond  with  the  Council,  by  trans- 
mitting to  them  a  return  of  all  the  Stores  at  the  time 
of  his  surrending  to  their  officer  which  must  be  coun- 
tersigned by  that  officer  or  Yourself  if  you  shall  find 
it  necessary  to  go  there. 

The  earnestness  of  the  Council  upon  this  important 
service  impels  n)e  in  conclusion  of  the  subject  again 
to  repeat,  it  is  their  order,  you  take  possession  of  the 
Fort  and  Stores  without  delay  &  also  without  delay 
you  transmit  a  return  of  your  proceedings  including  a 
complete  Inventory. 

I  must  also  this  occasion  particularly  refer  you  to 
the  Councils  orders  which  1  delivered  you  Yesterday 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  403 

for  direction  in  case  <>f  opposition  by  an}'  person  either 
openl^y  or  otherwise  were  presumptive  evidence  is 
strong.  And  tliis  moment  when  T  cannot  receive  the 
Instruction  of  the  Council  «t  when  I  dare  not  delay  the 
messenger,  it  occurs  to  me  that  CaptV  Whitfield  how- 
ever ohearfully  he  may  shew  an  inclination  to  serve 
the  Colony  by  resignation,  may  not  be  content  with  a 
subcommand  /  if  he  is  a  man  of  spirit  he  will  not/  in 
such  case  I  recommend  that  you  advise  him  to  come 
to  Charles  Town  &  apply  to  the  Council  which  I  add 
from  a  Zeal  for  the  Public  service  as  well  as  from  a 
feeling  for  a  (ientleman,  in  the  circumstances  which 
he  will  be  reduced  to  therefore  if  he  follows  my  advice 
&  does  not  succeed  in  This  application  to  the  Council, 
1  shall  hold  n)yself  answerable  to  reimburse  if  he  de- 
sires it)  the  expence  of  his  extra  journey  in  conse- 
quence of  my  reconnnendation. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  president 
to  the  Council  &  Sir 

Your  most  obed^  Serv*: 

Henry  Lawrens 

P  S:  in  Council,  by  order,  the  Letter  which  comes 
inclosed  with  this  is  to  be  delivered  to  Capt  White- 
fieid  a'fter  he  has  signed  the  association  otherwise  not 
for  some  Days  after  You  have  taken  possession  of  the 
Fort. 

Col  William  Thomson  H  L* 

Null.       Granby  neai-  Friday's  Ferry,  22*1  July  177 
The  Honourable  the  Council  of  Safety 

Gentlemen. 

I  havef 

*  "The  (%niiK-il  havinji  approved  the  letter,  agreed  witli  Thomas 
Hingelton  to  deliver  it  to  Col.  Thomson,  for  forty  pounds  enrreiiey." — 
.Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  July  1(5,  1774. 

tThe  rest  of  this  letter  was  not  copied  into  the  order  book. 


404  THE  HISTORY  OF 

P:  S  to  the  Letter  dated  22^'  July  1775 
to  the  Council  of  Safety, 

P.  S:  Mr:  Chesnut  informs  me  that  King 
Prow,  with  about  50  of  the  Catawba's  are  now  at  Cam- 
den on  a  friendly  visit.  Mr:  Kirshaw  &  1  myself  are 
both  at  a  loss  what  to  do  with  regard  to  taking  some 
of  them  into  pay  for  want  of  Your  Instructions.* 

W  T, 

Granby  near  Friday's  Ferry  22*^  July  177 

Col?  Henry  Lawrens, 

Di'  Sir,  I  herewith  send  you  In- 

closed Copy  of  orders  I  sent  to  Major  Mason  with  the 
order  of  the  26th  ^ifo  from  the  Council  of  safety  1  an) 
sorry  Major  Mason,  has  so  unfortunately  lost  the  Gun- 
powder, &  cannot  tell  why  he  brought  it  out  of  the 
Fort,  perhaps  the  Council  of  Safety  order'd  him  to  do 
so,  as  be  told  me  when  on  his  way  up  from  Town,  that 
he  had  orders  relative  to  Fort  Charlotte,  but  did  not 

*  "Tlu"  following  letter  was  written  l>y  the  President  to  Joseph  Ker- 
shaw, es(i,,  laid  before  the  Council  and  approved  of: 

"Charles-Town,  July  -oth,  1775. 

"Hiir — The  Council  of  Safety  have  ordered  me  to  acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  your  fovour  of  the  8th  instant,  and  to  return  tlieir  thanks 
for  your  assiduity  in  treating  with  the  old  men  and  head  warriors  of 
the  Catfiwba  Indians, 

"Your  assurances  that  those  people  are  hearty  in  our  interest,  and 
your  hopes  that  forty  or  fifty  of  them  will  cheerfully  enter  into  the 
service  of  the  Colony,  aflbrds  the  Council  additional  satisfaction,  and 
the  design  of  uniting  them  to  tiie  Regiment  of  Rangers  is  a  measure 
which  tliey  altogether  approve  of,  l)ut  to  be  under  the  particular  direc- 
tion of  a  whire  man,  agreeable  to  a  resolution  of  the  Congress  in  their 
late  session. 

"The  Council  request  you  to  give  tliem  immediate  notice  wiien  any 
body  of  the  Catawbas  are  ready  to  march  in  order  to  join  the  Ran- 
gers, and  that  you  will  recommend  a  white  man  well  qualitied  to  lead 
them  in  scouts,  and  in  action.  Transmit  your  notice  by  the  iiands  of 
such  a  one.  The  Council  will  give  him  a  commission,  and  dispatch 
him  with  a  letter  to  Col.  Thomson,  in  whose  camp  he  will  meet  the 
Indians," — Journal  of  Council  of  Safety,  July  2(5,  1775. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  405 

inform  nip  what  they  were,  and  kept  it  a  secret  from 
me,  as  I  could  wish  he  had  done  from  all  others.  T  am 
doubtful  that  the  officers  in  that  Quarter  are  not  the 
persons  esteenj'd  among  their  neighbors,  &  that  they 
have  not  told  the  men  their  duty  at  the  time  of  their 
Enlisting  them,  however  j^ou  will  be  better  able  to 
Judge  when  you  Peruse  the  inclosed  papers,  by  w^hich 
3^ou  will  also  see  how  Fletchall,  Cunningham  &  Robin- 
son has  deceived  and  deluded  the  poor  people,  in  the 
Fork,  Between  Broad  &  Saluda  Rivers  I  am  Clearly  of 
opinion  if  some  Gentlemen  of  the  Council  of  Safety, 
or  of  the  most  noted  Character  together  with  Coll? 
Richardson  (as  many  of  these  People  formerly  be- 
longed to  his  Regiment)  could  be  prevailed  on  to  go 
up  among  them  that  could  these  unhappy 

disputes  lietween  Great  Britain  &  the  Colony's  in  a 
proper  Light  that  most  of  them  might  be  brought  over 
by  fair  means.  I  do  not  mean  Fletchall  Cunningham 
&  Robinson,  if  they  was  Cherokees  Chiefs  or  Leaders  I 
would  v^enture  to  loose  my  life  or  send  their  Scalps  to 
the  Council  of  Safety  But  the  poor  people  they  have 
deluded,  1  am  of  opinion  might  yet  be  convinced  of 
their  Error.  1  think  M^;  Tennent  would  be  a  good 
hand  to  send  up  as  a  great  many  of  those  people  are 
of  his  —  Religion.  I  sent  Lieut:  David  Hopkins  with 
association  Col.  Fletchall,  &  expect  him  Back 

on  Tuesda}^  or  Wednesday  next,  &  will  immediately 
let  you  know  what  success  he  had. 

When  I  was  left  in  Town  1  apply'd  to  the  Council  of 
Safety  for  a  warrant  for  our  Doctor  Alexander  Rogers, 
which  I  did  not  then  get,  and  a  Blank  appointment 
for  his  Mate,  1  likewise  apply'd  to  have  an  Adjutant 
appointed  would  be  glad  to  know  if  the  Council  made 
any  order  for  one. 

I  am 

I)'-  Sir  &c 


406  THE  HISTORY  CF 

NB 

I  would  Just  beg  leave  to  mention  that  I  am  well 
inforiued  of  there  being  a  private  *eak  &  great 

resentment  between  Mayson,  Kirkland,  &.  this  Cun- 
ningham the  latter  with  some  more  of  his  Neighbours 
think  they  have  not  been  taken  proper  notice  oft  I 
only  throw  out  those  hints  for  your  information. 

Camp  near  Congnree  Creek.  29  July  1775. 
(xentlemen, 

My  last  to  You  was  the  22'."^  Instant  by 
Capt'.'  Woodward  since  whirh  1  have  rec]  the  In- 
closed Letter  from  Lieut  David  Ho^jkins  who  1  sent 
with  the  Association  from  the  President  to  Col. 
Fletchall,:|:  You  likewise  have  inclosed  a  Letter  hand- 
ed me  last  night  from  Capt:  Wise  f  have  rec<?  a  Let- 
ter from  Major  Mason  dated  the  22^^  Inst:  wherein  he 
informs  me  of  the  arrival  of  Capt:  Purvis  with  the 
Day  before  &  that  he  had  only  Enlisted  eleven  Men  he 
farther  informs  me  that  he  had  expected  Capt:  Polk 
within  Ten  Days,  from  whom  I  have  never  yet  re- 
ceived any  account  therefore  cannot  inform  you  with 
regard  to  the  state  of  his  Company,  &  neither  Cald- 
well nor  Kirkland  have  yet  made  me  a  return  of  their 
Company's.  Captains  Kirshaw,  Goodwyn  Woodward 
&■  Richardson  are  now  in  Camp  with  me  &  have  all 
their  Companys  com  pleat  except  the  Latter  who 
wants  four  Men  yet,  which  I   hope  to  get  in  a  few 

*Torn. 

t8(),  after  all,  this  "cliivalroiis  gentleman  of  tiie  old  school",  of 
whose  "duty  to  his  king"  we  have  heard  so  niueli,  was  nothing  l)ut 
a  "sorehead". 

ILetter  from  Henry  Laurens,  President  of  the  ("onneil  of  Safety,  to 
Col.  Thos.  Fletchall,  dated  .July  14th,  177o:  "This  letter  will  he  pre- 
sented to  you  hy  an  Officer  in  the  Colony  Regiment  of  Rangers,  who 
will  he  dispatched  hy  Col.  Thomson  for  that  special  service,  and  who 
will  wait  for  your  answer." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  407 

Days  tho^  I  find  some  difficulty  in  raising  Men,  as  the 
Enemies  to  the  cause,  take  great  Pains  to  progagate 
different  reports  that  the  Money  they  are  to  he  Paid 
with  will  not  pass  &c. 

The  men  with  me  are  chiefly  well  armed  with  Rifles 
what  few  are  wanted  I  expect  to  collect  in  a  few  Days 
but  their  Horses  in  General  appear  but  low  in  flesh, 
about  50  Men  are  already  clothed  with  their  Regimen- 
tals &  shall  get  the  remainder  ready  as  speedy  as  pos- 
sible I  can  as  I  have  a  number  of  Taylors  employ'd 
for  that  Purpose,  but  find  it  little  difficult  to  procure 
a  sufficient  Quantity  of  low  priced  Blue  Broad  Cloth. 

My  Men  that  rides  express,  expects  that  their  Ex- 
pences  will  he  paid  by  the  publick,  as  their  Wages 
will  not  be  sufficient  to  support  themselves  &  Horses, 
&  pay  traveling  charges  <S:c  as  1  never  had  any  Instruc- 
tion in  this  matttr  shall  be  glad  of  Yours  on  that 
head. 

I  have  orderV]  Major  Mason,  if  he  found  that  Capt" 
Cald wells  company  was  sufficient  to  guai'd  Fort  Char- 
lotte to  rendezvous  the  other  three  Company's  near 
the  ridge,  until  I  rec<?  farther  orders,  from  the  mov- 
ing the  Gunpowder  first  out  of  the  Fort  to  ninety  six, 
the  difi'erent  accounts  of  Captain  Kirklands  behavior 
in  that  occasion,  Capt:  Purvis  only  having  enlisted 
eleven  Men,  and  not  having  any  intelligence  from 
Polk,  together  with  the  minds  of  the  back  People  be- 
ing so  much  agitated  at  this  time  that  I  am  really  at 
a  loss  in  what  manner  to  act  in  regard  to  the  conduct 
&  Behaviour  of  the  different  officers  in  that  Quarter, 
shall  therefore  be  extremely  glad  of  your  direction 
and  am  with  due  regard. 

Gentlemen 
Your  mostobedl  Humble  Servt 

W'."  Thomson 

T  am   under  the  necessitv  of  beinii'  rather  trouble- 


408  THE  HISTORY  OF 

some  to  yon,  as  the  Secretary  lias  not  yet  fnrnished 
me  with  a  Copy  of  the  resolves  of  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress. 

Camp  near  Gran  by  29  Jnly  1775, 
Coll?  Henry  Lawrens, 

Honour'd  Sir,  Inclos'd  I  send  you  a 

Copy  of  a  Letter  from  the  Rev«J  Mr  Cresswell  to  Major 
Mason  which  with  the  Letters  now  inclos'd  to  the 
Council  of  Safety  will  farthur  inform  you  of  the  con- 
fusion in  the  different  parts  of  the  Frontiers  of  thi^ 
Colony,  from  these  &  the  many  different  accounts 
that  I  daily  have  from  up  the  Country  1  am  at  a 
Loss  to  say  any  thing  on  that  subject  but  as  I  know 
it  to  be  my  duty  to  have  my  small  Regiment  Trained 
&  complete  as  soon  as  in  my  Power,  and  to  have  the 
minds  of  the  small  Part  1  have  with  me  as  quiet  as 
possible,  as  they  seem  rather  disatistied  at  present  oc- 
casioned me  to  solicit  your  Friendship  in  the  follow- 
ing application. 

It  was  agreed  to  in  Provincial  Congress  that  the 
Regiment  of  Rangers  which  I  have  the  Honour  to 
command  was  to  be  upon  as  good  a  Footing  as  the 
Provincial  Rangers  in  the  late  Indian  War,  which  1 
allow  they  would  be  at  20^  ^  month,  provided,  pro- 
visions Blanketts,  Horses  &  Ammunition  were  to  be 
purchased  as  reasonable  as  at  that  time,  and  that 
wild  Game  was  as  plentiful  in  the  Back  Country  as 
they  were  then,  &  our  Duty  to  be  there,  but  am  sorry 
to  inform  You  that  Goods  in  the  Back  Country  are  be- 
come scarce  &  dear,  as  is  also  Provisions  of  all  kinds — 
I  have  four  Companys  of  my  Regiment  encamp'd  near 
the  Congrees,  &  I  find  it  extremely  difficult  to  keep 
them  from  suffering  for  want  of  Provision,  which 
causes  much  murmuring  amongst  my  Men  .  .  I  am 
convinced  it  will  not  be  in  my  Power  to  make  my  Men 


ORANGEBURa  COUNTY.  409 

perfect  in  their  Exercise,  as  it  takes  them  off  their 
duty  a  great  part  of  their  time  providing  provisions. 
You  are  sensible  that  our  duty  in  the  late  war,  was 
chiefly  in  the  back  -  -  Country  were  Provisions  were 
very  reasonable,  and  plenty  of  Wild  Game  to  be  met 
with,  and  we  were  never  call'd  to  this  place  or  lower 
down.  Except  wdien  we  were  ordered  1o  join  the  Regu- 
lars, &  then  we  were  found  in  Provisions  at  the  Ex- 
pense of  the  publick  and  all  Detachments  that  were 
sent  below  this  place  were  always  found  in  Provisions, 
which  I  make  no  doubt  you'll  remember  on  recollec- 
tion If  you'll  please  to  consider  a  few  moments  the 
expence  a  Person  must  be  at  at  this  time  to  maintain 
himself  &  his  Horse,  and  furnish  himself  with  a  Rifle 
Gun  suitable  for  the  occasion  I  make  no  doubt  but 
you'll  find  them  on  a  much  worse  footing  than  our 
Rangers  formerly  were.  If  you  think  any  step  could 
be  taken  to  have  the  privates  found  in  Provision  at 
the  expence  of  the  Colony  am  convinced  it  would  an- 
swer a  good  purpose,  &  quiet  the  minds  of  the  few  I 
have  with  me  that  I  can  depend  upon,  and  I  heartily 
wish  the  first  resolve  of  the  Congress,  respecting  the 
number  of  Men  in  each  Company  had  been  carried  in- 
to Execution,  which  number  would  have  been  easily 
rais'd  had  the  Men  been  found  in  Provision,  even  had 
their  pay  been  something  less. —  However,  this  I 
leave  entirely  to  You.  and  shall  be  much  oblig'd  to 
you  for  your  advice  on  the  subject.  And  if  you  think 
it  proper  &  Judge  it  a  reasonable  request  should  Es- 
teem it  a  favour  if  you'll  communicate  it  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety  &  use  your  Influence  in  favour  of  my 
Regt  or  if  you  think  a  petition  from  all  the  officers 
setting  forth  the  Inconveniencys  the  Men  labour  un- 
der would  answer  a  better  Purpose,  should  be  glad  to 
be  informed  tho  1  am  persuaded  You  can  be  of  more 
service  to  the  Reg*;   than  any  Petition  they  can  send 


410  THE  HISTORY  OF 

down,  as  you  are  well  acquainted  with  the  Circum- 
stances these  men  must  he  in  being  obligd  to  pur- 
chase Provisions  at  whatever  prices  the  People  where 
they  happen  to  be  stationed  at  Choses  to  set  upon 
them 
I  an]  very  respectfully,        Hon^':  Sir 

True  Copy  Your  Most  obed't  Hble  Serv* 

W"^  Thomson 

Charles  Town  S^-f^  Augt  1775. 

Dear  Sir, 

The  Council  of  Safety  having  fully  consid- 
ered the  contents  of  your  three  Letters  reced  by  the 
Hands  of  Gilbert  Gibson  have  order'd  me  to  reply  in 
the  following  Terms, 

Respecting  the  movement  of  your  Regt:  under  your 
command  You  are  to  be  govern'd  by  their  late  orders 
untill  you  shall  receive  further  Instructions,  t-on- 
cerning  an  additional  allowance  to  Your  Men,  when 
employed  as  express  messengers,  the  Council  Concur  in 
your  opinion  that  somewhat  more  than  the  ordinary 
daily  pay  ought  to  be  granted.  You  may  be  the  most 
competent  Judge  in  this  this  article  &  therefore  you 
are  requested  to  adjust  &  signify  what  will  be  suth- 
cient  and  satisfactory,  in  consideration  of  Gibson's 
having  been  detained  in  Charles  Town  he  has  been  al- 
lowed and  paid  15  /  p""  Day  taking  all  clays  together, 
with  which  he  is  extremely  well  satisfied  in  the  ordi- 
nary course — perhaps  10*  p^'  Day  will  be  full  enough. 

The  report  which  has  been  spreiid  in  order  to  depre- 
ciate the  value  of  our  new  paper  Currency  is  equally 
nugatory  and  malicious.  That  Paper  stands  upon  the 
same  foundation  on  which  all  our  paper  Currency  is 
establish'd,  the  faith  and  credit  of  the  representatives 
of  the  People, 

You  are  particularly  enjoyned  by  the  Council  to  be 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  411 

diligent  &  circumspect  in  placing  to  the  bottom  the 
late  conduct  of  Capt:  Kirkland,  as  well  with  respect 
to  the  disbanding  his  Company,  as  in  the  affair  of  the 
dun  Powder  said  to  have  been  taken  from  Major  Ma- 
son b}^  his  contrivance,  if  he  has  been  faulty  take  the 
surest  evidence  of  facts  and  acquaint  the  Council  mi- 
nutely, of  your  discoveries  on  this  Head,  But  as  the 
Character  &  Honour  of  an  officer  is  at  stake,  secrecy 
will  be  necessary  in  order  to  save  both  from  slander  if 
he  is  innocent.  John  Adam  Summers  after  a  conver- 
sation fair  &  candid  on  the  part  of  the  Council  of  Safe- 
ty acknowledged  his  conviction  of  the  rectitude  of  the 
measures  taken  by  the  people  in  opposition  to  Minis- 
terial tyranny.  &  as  a  proof  of  his  sincerity  he  signed 
the  general  association  &  promised  to  obtain  the  sub- 
scription of  other  Men  in  his  Neighborhood  to  a  paper 
which  was  delivered  to  him  for  that  purpose.  This 
Man's  deportment  before  the  Council  gave  no  rooui  to 
suspect  him  guilty  of  double  dealing  but  should  he  de- 
ceive us  You  will  soon  discover  it  and  give  proper  in- 
struction* The  rev4  Mr:  CreswelFs  endeavours  on  the 
part  of  American  Liberty  are  laudable  &  the  Council 
request  You  to  signify  to  him  their  sense  of  his  Zeal 
&  good  Service. 

That  part  of  your  dispatches  which  treats  of  the  dif- 
ficulty which  the  Rangers  labour  under  in  the  article 
of  Rations  or  daily  provisions  has  had  particular  re- 
gard paid  to  it  in  Council,  there  is  nothing  before 
the  Board  of  more  importance  than  to  concert  proper 
means  for  keeping  that  Regiment  compleat  in  number, 
well  disciplined,  &  perfectly  satisfied.  It  is  therefore 
a  matter  of  great  concern  to  the  Council  to  find  that 
Body  now  expressing  their  discontent  with  terms, 
which  each  man  must  have  ()een  fully  apprized  of  be- 

*JiKlgeO'Nt'all  says,  in  his  Annals  of  Newberry  District,  that  iSuin- 
mer  fought  on  the  Whiy;  side  at  tlie  Battle  ofStono. 


412  THE  HISTORY  OF 

fore  he  enlisted,  &  which  the  principal  officers  de- 
clared in  Congress  were  sufficient  for  engaging  as 
many  Men,  as  might  iiave  heen  required  in  these  cir- 
cumstances what  other  judgment  can  be  formed  but 
that  they  are  disposed  to  distress  the  Council  in  order 
to  force  a  compliance  with  exorbitant  demands.  If 
after  the  repeated  assurances  given  in  full  Congress 
by  the  Coll?  &  Majof  together  with  concurrent  decla- 
rations of  several  of  the  Captains  that  Upon  such  Pay 
&  such  conditions  as  were  stipulated,  there  was  no 
room  to  doubt  of  filling  the  RegV  with  proper  Men  & 
in  a  very  short  space  of  time.  If  after  the  fair  &: 
eager  Enlisting  in  the  service  upon  terms  previously 
declared  &  universally  known  murmurs  are  heard 
amongst  the  men,  against  those  very  terms,  what  rule 
can  the  Council  of  Safety  adopt  for  their  guide  It  is 
not  likely  that  if  the  present  attempt  should  l)e  allow- 
ed to  succeed  new  demands  w^ould  thereby  be  cieated 
&  somewhat  else  would  be  found  wanting  to  pacify 
Men  who  have  mark'd  no  limits  to  their  desires. 

If  they  are  in  earnest  &  mean  to  serve  their  Coun- 
try the  pay  to  the  Rangers  is  ample  &  when  compared 
to  the  No  pay  of  the  Militia  in  Charles  Town  who  per- 
form daily  &  nightly  service  in  the  same  cause,  it  is 
superabundant.  If  they  are  not  in  Earnest,  if  they  do 
not  serve  from  Principle,  'tis  impossible  to  know  what 
will  be  satisfactory  to  them.  It  merits  the  attention 
of  the  Regiment  of  Rangers  that  they  are  paid  for 
holding  themselves  in  readiness  to  fight  their  own 
Battles,  &  that  their  fellow  subjects  who  are  to  bear 
the  principal  burthen  of  Taxation  on  that  account 
also  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  join,  &  in  the 
mean  time  receive  no  consideration  such  reflections 
if  they  are  Patriots  and  Lovers  of  Liberty  will  stimu- 
late them  to  duty  &  diligence.  If  they  are  void  of 
such  sentiments,  how  shall  we  depend  upon  them  to 


ORANGEBURa  COUNTY.  ■  413 

Act  with  us  as  Bretheru  ii:  fellow  sufferers  in  one  uni- 
ted struggle,  against  the  Power  which  now  bears  hard 
upon  the  general  Liberty  of  all  America. 

Upon  the  whole  the  Council  of  Safety  admonish  the 
officers  &  Men  of  the  Regt;  of  Rangers  to  reflect  seri- 
ously upon  the  cause  &  nature  of  their  establishment 
upon  the  distressed  state  of  the  Colony  Finances,  to 
consider  that  theii"  Bretheru  the  Inhabitants  of 
Charles  Town  &  the  adjacent  country  have  chearfully 
embai'k'd  in  the  sam,e  general  service,  at  a  vast  ex- 
pence  to  Officers  &  Men  without  any  Kind  of  Pay  or 
reward.  And  the  Council  have  further  ordered  me  to 
signify  to  you  Sir,  that  they  have  no  legal  authority 
to  allow  a  seperate  Pay  for  provision  to  your  Regimt: 
a  fact  which  you  cannot  be  ignorant  of,  nor  can  they 
make  any  alterations  except  such  as  shall  be  mention- 
ed below  in  the  appointment  by  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress, &  they  are  of  opinion  that  the  Honour  pf  the  of- 
ficers are  much  concerned  in  this  case. 

If  the  following  proposition  will  benefit  the  service 
by  saving  the  Men  the  trouble  of  seeking  their  Pro- 
vision and  giving  more  leisure  for  perfecting  them  in 
Military  discipline.  You  are  desired  to  carry  it  into 
execution  Viz^  to  appoint  proper  Persons  to  provide 
&  to  Issue  the  necessary  supplies  of  Provision  both  in 
Camp  and  upon  march  the  expence  to  be  deducted 
from  the  monthly  Pay  of  the  Rangers  until  the  meet- 
ing of  the  next  provincial  Congress  before  whom  a 
proper  representation  vvill  be  laid  &  their  determina- 
tion had  thereupon.  In  the  mean  time  the  Council 
have  great  confidence  in  your  discretion  and  integrity 
in  the  right  management  of  this  important  concern,  & 
desire  to  hear  from  you  fully  thereupon  &  and  upon 
every  other  branch  of  public  business  within  your  de- 
partment by  some  early  opportunity.  Nothing  more 
at  present  need  be  said  concerning  Coll?  Fletchall  as 


414  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Mr.  Drayton  &  the  Gentlemen  with  him  are  to  take  up 
that  affair.  You  will  receive  by  the  Bearer,  of  this  a 
Packet  of  Articles  of  War  which  were  to  have  gone  by 
Mr.  Drayton,  &  also  four  Copys  of  Extracts  from  the 
Journals  of  the  Provincial  Congress  T  have  the  hon- 
our to  be  Sir 

Your  most  ohedf  Serv* 
Henry  Law  reus 
Coll<'  Thomson  President  of  the 

Council  of  Safety. 

Congrees  7\^}  A\\g[  1775./ 
Gentleman 

1  herewith  send  you  inclosed  a  return  of 
the  four  Companys  now  encamped  at  this  place. 
Capt'^  Wise,  Caldwell  &  Purvis  have  not  yet  furnished 
me  with  the  return  of  their  Companys,  and  as  to  Kirk- 
land  and  Polk,  you'll  see  by  their  own  Letters  of  their 
having  deserted  the  cause  as  has  also  their  officers  and 
Men  except  Lieut  Mitchell  of  Kirkland's  Comp.y  who  I 
have  desired  to  recruit  more  Men,  &  have  also  desired 
the  other  officers  now  with  me  to  list  Men  in  order 
to  have  the  two  Companys  compleated  again,  shall  be 
much  obligVl  to  You  to  appoint  Moses  Vance  Lieut: 
instead  of  one  of  those  who  deserted,  he  has  been 
upon  duty  since  the  first  of  last  month  and  as  to  the 
other  vacancies  hope  they  will  be  filled  up  with  Gen- 
tlemen W'ho  may  be  depended  upon,  for  further  par- 
ticulars beg  leave  to  refer  you  to  the  Lettei's  from  the 
Honble  Wv^  Henry  Drayton  k  am  with  due  respect 

Hon*^i  (Tcntlemen 
Yrs  &c 

W'."  Thomson 

To  the  Honble  the  Council  of  Safety. 
Gentlemen  Congree  Store  Aug{  9*'^  1775 

Yesterday  1  rec<?  a  Letter  from  the  Presi- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  415 

dent  written  by  your  orders  and  in  answer  to  it  I  beg 
leave  to  inform  you,  that  the  late  orders  mentioned  in 
the  letter,  by  which  I  am  to  regulate  my  future 
movemf.*^  until  further  Instructions,  I  have  not  re- 
ceived I  apprehend  those  late  orders  are  those  Mr. 
Drayton  told  me,  he  himself  had  drawn  up  by  orders 
of  the  Council  to  be  signed  by  the  President  conter- 
manding  my  first  intended  march  down  the  country, 
&  directing  me  to  remain  where  I  was  encamped  &  to 
regulate  my  future  motions  &  directions  from  Mr. 
Drayton  &  Mr.  Tennent. 

These  orders  have  never  come  to  Hand  but  by  M^" 
Drayton's  representation  of  them  and  the  Papers  in 
his  hands  signed  by  the  president,  I  have  regulated 
myself  in  pursuance  of  directions  from  Mr  Drayton  & 
Mr  Tennent  &  according  to  those  directions,  which 
perfectly  agree  with  my  own  Judgment,  I  have  bro- 
ken up  the  Camp  near  this  place  and  shall  form  a  new 
one  in  Amelia  on  the  \0^^^  Instant. 

As  to  the  affairs  of  Provisions  M»'  Drayton  has  set- 
tled it  I  believe  to  the  full  satisfaction  of  the  Rangers 
the  terms  are  these,  The  officers  will  give  all  possible 
encouragement  for  People  to  supply  the  Camp  with 
Provision  &  when  the  Troops  are  able  to  purchase 
Provisions  in  Camp  they  are  to  be  restrained  in  the 
practice  of  going  abroad  to  seek  any.  I  will  remem- 
ber my  declarations  in  Congress  respecting  the  pay. 
Had  I  officers  of  My  own  Choice  1  should  never  want 
Men  perfectly  satisfied  with  such  an  allowance  &  even 
the  Men  now  listed  would  have  been  content  but  from 
the  folly  of  some  officers  who  have  in  a  great  degree 
been  the  foundation  of  the  late  almost  fatal  uneasi- 
ness in  the  (.amp  on  Sunday  night  last  with  the  par- 
ticulars of  which  Mr.  Drayton  &  Mr  Tennent  have  I 
believe  acquainted  You.  Mr  Drayton's  discourse  to 
the  Troops  on  this  occasion  has  been  of  great  service, 


416  THE  HISTORY  OF 

as  well  as  his  discourse  the  Evening  before  from  the 
Effects  of  which  I  expect  a  more  punctual  ohecliance 
than  I  have  hitherto  experienced.  The  Rangers  now 
1  am  firmly  of  opinion  are  content,  &  perfectly  dis- 
posed to  do  their  duty. 

Sign*?  W  Thomson 

In  the  Council  of  Safety. 

Charles  Town  20t»^  July  1775. 

Sir, 

Our  orders  to  You  of  the  13V'  Instant  respecting 
your  March  to  Charles  Town,  are  hereby  Counter- 
manded, as  at  this  Juncture  the  Presence  of  the 
Rangers  is  necessary  in  the  interior  Parts  of  the  Coun- 
try. You  will  therefore  remain  at  the  Post  you  now 
Occupy,  unless  some  unforeseen  cause  should  o<-casion 
you  to  remove,  &  for  your  further  Proceedings,  we  re- 
fer You  to  the  Honble  W'."  Hen:  Drayton,  &  the  Rev<? 
W"^  Tennent,  who  are  authorized  to  make  a  progress 
into  the  back  Country,  to  examine  into  the  pi-esent 
uneasiness  &  disturbances  in  those  parts  of  the  Colony. 

For  our  sense  upon  your  Letters,  of  the  22"<^  of  July, 
one  to  the  Council  of  Safety  the  other  to  the  President, 
k  Major  Mason's  Letter  of  the  lOth  of  July  to  the 
Council  we  refer  you  to  the  Gentlemen  above  men- 
tioned to  be  authorized  to  make  a  Progress,  and  we 
inform  you  that,  by  the  Hands  of  Cap^:  Woodward  we 
have  sent  the  Sum  of  Five  Thousands  Pounds  for  the 
Payment  of  the  Rangers  under  your  command. 
By  order  ^c  H.  Law  reus 

Col:  W^.»'  Thomson.  Copy 

Charles  Town  llt'>  August  1775. 
Sir, 

I  wrote  to  You  the  4^''  Inst:  by  ordei-  of   the 
Council  of  Safety  by  the  Hands  of  G:  Gibson,  since 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  417 

which  the  Council  have  been  informed  by  a  private 
Letter  that  Capt:  Polk  &  his  Company  of  Rangers  had 
renounced  the  cause  of  Liberty  &  abandoned  their 
Duty  -  -  affairs  of  such  moments  should  be  communi- 
cated by  Special  Messingers  &  v^'ith  out  delay,  your 
silence  would  have  induced  the  Council  to  suspend 
their  belief  of  that  report  had  it  not  been  made  in  pos- 
sitive  terms  by  one  of  your  officers  to  Mr  Gervais. 
Great  are  the  difficulties  which  the  true  friends  of 
Liberty  &  their  Country  have  to  encounter,  but  we 
trust  that  by  perseverance,  patience  &  resolution 
every  obstacle  will  be  surmounted. 

To  the  disagreeable  tiding  above  mentioned  we 
have  just  now  received  the  intelligence  from  Savan- 
na which  you  will  find  at  large  in  the  Copies  of  those 
Letters  here  inclosed —  Viz:  one  from  the  Council  of 
Safety  for  Georgia,  dated  Savanna  1^^  Augt;  1775./ 
one  from  the  Committee  at  Augusta  dated  G^ii  Aug*  & 
the  other  from  Moses  Kirkland  dated  31**  July  to 
CaptV  Middleton  to  which  you  are  particularly  refer- 
red, the  Council  of  Safety  desire  you  will  immedi- 
ately consult  the  Hon'ble  M^  Drayton  if  he  is  in  your 
neighborhood  &  pursue  such  measures,  relative  to  the 
dangerous  attack  threaten'd  upon  Augusta  as  shall  ap- 
pear most  likely  to  suppress  the  Insurgents  &  restore 
peace  ^  Quietness  to  our  friends,  Should  Mr:  Dray- 
ton be  at  any  considerable  distance  you  v^'ili  act  in 
this  very  important  &  alarming  circumstance  as  shall 
seem  best  in  your  own  opinion  without  delay  -  -  -  if 
our  Eneuiies  should  succeed  in  this  attempt  their 
hands  will  be  strength'ned  &  the  work  of  suppressing 
them  will  be  doubled. 

You  will,  if  it  shall  appear  necessary  apply  to  the 
Commanding  officer  of  the  Regiment  of  Militia  &  raise 
as  many  A^olunteers  as  may  be  necessary  to  join  the 
rangers  &  assure  the  officers  &  Men  who  may  give  you 


418  THE  HISTORY  OF 

their  assistance  that  the  Council  of  Safety  will  make 
immediate  order  for,  paying  them  for  the  time  which 
they  may  be  on  duty  &  also  for  their  Provisions  when 
accounts  properly  certified  shall  be  sent  in.  In  a  word 
the  Council  rely  upon  your  Zeal  &  good  conduct  in 
this  dangerous  conjuncture,  when  it  is  impossible  for 
them  to  give  explicit  orders,  and  they  will  expect  to 
hear  from  you  by  return  of  this  Messenger  (Philip 
Hill)  &  as  frequently  afterward  as  there  shall  be  occa- 
sion. I  am 

Sir 
Your  Most  Obedt  Servt. 

Henry  Lawrens 
President  of 
the  Council  of  Safety. 

You  know  what  will  be  proper  to  be  done  with 
CaptV  Kirkland  when  practicable  &  safe  meantime  the 
secre'cy  formerly  enjoyned  will  be  necessary. 

Charles  Town  13th  August  1775./ 
Sir, 

We  refer  to  the  contents  of  our  Letter  of  the 
ll^h  InstV  which  will  accompany  this,  from  the  total 
silence  of  yourself  and  M^  Drayton  upon  the  expected 
attack  opon  Augusta  we  are  willing  to  hope,  that  our 
friends  have  been  cautiously  alarmed,  nevertheless  we 
must  not  loose  sight  of  an  object  of  such  importance. 
We  therefore  Confirm  our  late  orders  &  here  inclose  a 
Letter  for  CaptV  Hammond  which  we  request  you  to 
dispatch  by  a  special  Messinger,  unless  sonje  othei' 
safe  &  immediate  opportunity  shall  offer.  We  have 
applied  assistance  in  Case  of  need,  both  as  an  Officer 
of  Militia  &  a  friend  to  the  Cause  of  the  united  Colo- 
ny's Under  Cover  with  this  You  will  receive  Eight 
Commissioners.  Sign'd  by  us  Viz:  1  for  J  L  Peyer  Im- 
hoflf'  Esq';  to  be  a  CaptV  <>f  Rangers. 


ORANGEBUEG  COUNTY.  419 

1  for  Ch:  Heatly,  Esq'."  to  i)e  a  Capt'^  also.  1  for 
Moses  Vance  to  be  a  Lieutenant  dated  the  It*  July  the 
day  on  which  you  say  he  entered  the  Service.  5  to  be 
appointed  &  the  Blanks  to  be  properly  filled  up  by  you 
in  which  we  trust  you  will  consult  solely  the  Interest 
of  the  service  —  this  is  an  extraordinary  measure 
which  we  have  consented  to  in  the  present  unsettled 
state  of  your  Regiment,  hoping  that  by  a  discreet  dis- 
tribution of  these  Commissions  the  Company's  will  be 
filled  up  by  good  Men  &  that  the  Public  may  reap 
some  advantage  from  the  vast  charge  which  has  al- 
ready been  incurred  by  that  establishment,  but  it 
must  not  be  drawn  into  Precedent. 

We  think  it  is  now  necessary  to  distinguish  in  each 
Company  first  &  second  Lieutenants,  Seniority  will 
be  determined  hereafter  by  the  respective  dates  of 
Your  Commission  which  in  these  you  must  vary  for 
that  purpose  being  careful  not  to  antidate.  When 
you  have  filled  up  these  Commissions  you  will  trans- 
mit to  us  immediately  the  names  &  dates. —  We  can 
not  account  for  the  miscarriage  of  our  Letter  which 
You  say  had  not  reached  You,  if  our  Secretary  can 
write  a  Copy  of  it  in  time  you  will  receive  it  under 
this  cover. 

It  affords  us  some  satisfaction  to  learn  by  Your  Let- 
ter of  the  9th  that  the  remaining  Rangers  were  Con- 
tent &  perfectly  disposed  to  do  their  duty,  we  hope 
that  disposition  will  be  lasting,  the  effect  of  a  true 
sense  of  their  Duty  &  not  the  transient  product  of  an 
harrangue. 

You  will  find  the  Copy  above  uientioned  under  this 
Cover  the  original  we  believe  went  by  the  Hands  of 
Capt"  Woodward  &  ought  to  be  inquired  for. 
By  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety. 

Henry  Law  reus 
Coll:  William  Thomson.  President. 


420  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Hon:  W\"  H:  Drayton  Esq';  Gianby  10  Augt  1775. 

Sir, 

Tester  morning  I  rec<|  the  Inclosed  Letters 
from  Town,  and  immediately  sett  out  for  this  place  in 
order  to  forward  them  to  Yon,  Inclosed  You  have  a 
Copy  of  Letter  I  rec<?  from  Coll:  Lawrens,  shall  be 
glad  of  your  advise  or  order  on  the  matter,  I  cannot 
think  of  proceeding  on  any  account  whatsoever  as 
long  as  you  are  continued  in  y£  Back  parts  without 
Your  order,  w^hich  shall  be  Immediately  put  in  Exe- 
cjation  I  expect  all  the  Companys  that  had  leave  will 
meet  this  day  in  Amelia.  I  am  to  meet  Capt'?  Theius' 
Company  tomorrow  &  will  do  all  in  my  Power  to 
have  them  to  sign  and  settle  other  matters  as  you 
have  desired,  Sunday  I  shall  return  to  Camp  where 
I  shall  remain  untill  I  hear  from  You.  I  rec*]  from  the 
Council  of  Safety  Capt^  Commissions,  for  Imhoff  & 
Heatly.  1  Lieut:  for  Vance,  and  5  Blank  Lieut:  Com- 
mission I  shall  not  dispose  of  any  of  the  Blanks  untill 
I  hear  from  You,  I  rec<?  from  the  Council  of  Safety 
Copies  of  three  Letters  from  »Savannah,  which  has 
alarni'd  them. 

I  send  off  this  day  to  Major  Williamson  to  see  if 
there  is  any  Body  of  Men  collected  in  that  part,  be  it 
as  it  will  1  cannot  act  with  Propriety  without  your  or- 
ders as  long  as  you  are  in  the  Back. 

Sign'd  W."  Thomson. 

Amelia,  2h:^  August  1775. 
CaptV  John  Lewis  Peyer  Imhoff. 
Sir, 

You  are  requested  as  soon  as  possible  to  Inlist 
30  private  Men — 2  Sarjeants,  and  a  Drummer,  as  soon 
as  you  have  listed  ten  Men,  you  will  send  or  fetch 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  421 

them   to  Camp  or  Elsewhere  if  ordered.     List  good 
Rifle  Men  with  as  good  Horses  a  possible. 

Your  Humble  Servt 

W»i  Thomson. 


Ml'  Godfrey  Drehers  August  11.  1775. 

DrSir, 

Captain  Shrams  has  not  attended  here  today, 
neither  has  any  of  his  Company  come  to  us,  altho  this 
place  was  of  the  Captain's  own  chusing.  This  diso- 
bedience to  Military  orders  ought  not  to  go  unnoticed 
for  fear  others  seeing  so  criminal  a  Conduct  pass  with 
impunity,  they  should  be  encouraged  to  imitate  a  be- 
havior that  may  lead  to  ruinous  consequences.  I 
therefore  think  it  would  be  proper  immediately  let 
you  let  Captain  Shrams  kqow  that  you  recall  his 
Commission  &  discharge  him  from  his  command  & 
take  measure  to  call  the  company  together  &  induce 
them  to  elect  a  Captain,  who  will  receive  a  Commis- 
sion from  the  Council,  Your  presence  will  greatly  fa- 
cilitate this  work,  <t  their  chosing  a  Captain  will 
naturally  I  hope  lead  thenj  to  sign  the  association. 
But  do  not  mention  this  last  affair  to  them  till  after 
they  have  chosen  their  Captain. 

We  have  had  very  bad  success  here  today  &  I  de- 
clared that  no  Mills  shall  grind  for  &  no  dealings  shall 
be  had  with  any  nonsubscriber. 

I  am  Sir 

Your  most  humble  St— 
W"'  Hy  Drayton 

I  an)  in  hopes  this  letter  will  get  down  to  you  some 
time  to  night.  And  1  shall  be  glad  that  tomorrow  You 
will  come  up  here  &  discharge  the  Captain  &  call  the 
Company  together,  because  this  vigorous  step  being 
done  out  of  hand  will  spread  abroad  immediately  & 


422  THE  HISTORY  OF 

may  be  of  good  consequence  in  the  Fork  while  I  am 
there. 

Sir, 

I  have  received  the  Letter  you  sent  by  the 
Ranger,  &  I  most  readily  excuse  your  breaking  the 
seal  of  my  Letter,  indeed  Colonel  I  should  have  had 
no  objection  if  you  had  read  it. 

The  Council  of  Safety  mention  their  having  sent  me 
some  blank  Commission^  for  six  Volunteer  Companies. 
I  have  not  received  them.  If  you  have  them  pray 
keep  them  till  I  see  You. 

I  find  the  Council  have  been  much  alarmed  by  the 
report  of  an  attack  upon  Augusta,  there  is  no  founda- 
tion in  it  I  believe,  at  least  .  .  .  the  heads  of  the  par- 
ty I  am  persuaded  will  not  attempt  anything  of  that 
sort  while  1  am  in  this  part  of  the  Country.  1  more 
fear  an  attack  upon  Fort  Charlotte.  However  of  this 
I  have  sent  proper  information  &  direction  to  the 
Fort  &  to  Major  Williamson. 

As  I  do  not  therefore  see  any  occasion  for  any  im- 
mediate movement  by  You,  I  cannot  give  directions 
for  any.  But  I  think  you  had  best  remain  in  your 
new  Camp,  &  make  the  Huts  snug  &  comfortable  for 
the  Men,  and  besides  this,  I  think  it  advisable  that 
you  immediately  build  other  Huts,  as  perhaps  there 
may  be  occasion  for  to  assemble  in  your  Camp  about 
500  Militia  .  .  Tn  the  mean  time  you  will  look  out  so 
many  of  the  Militia  who  may  be  depended  upon,  & 
who  may  hold  them  selves,  in  readiness  to  march  if 
they  should  be  called  upon.  For  these  Men,  will  be 
wanted  a  supply  of  Ammunition. 

Be  so  good  immediately  &  in  the  ....  most  private 
manner  to  send  to  Fort  Charlotte  for  a  moderate 
Quantity  of  Powder  &  Lead.  1  shall  hold  a  meeting 
with  Fletchall's  People  at  Fords  upon  Enore  on  Wed- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  .  423 

nesday  &  after  that  T  shall  pass  through  ninety  six,  & 
join  you  with  all  dispatch.  Above  all  things  endeav- 
our to  have  the  Camp  plentifully  supplied  with  Pro- 
visions, especially  if  there  should  unfortunately  be  oc- 
casion to  call  out  such  a  Body  of  Militia  to  join  the 
Rangers.  You  will  take  care  Colonel,  that  your  ap- 
plication respecting  the  Militia  be  as  private  as  possi- 
ble. 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  subscribe  myself 
Sir 
Your  most  humble  Servt 

W»»  Hy  Drayton. 

Lawson's  fork  Augt.  25tJ>  1775. 

PS.  this  is  a  paragraph  in  the  Council  of  Safety's 
letter  to  me,  Pray  shew  it  to  Mr:  Charlton,  &  write 
the  Council  about  it. 

"We  do  not  understand  wdiether  you  mean  to  ask 
for  a  Commission  as  Surgeons  Mate  for  Lieutenant 
Charlton,  in  lieu  of,  or  in  addition  to  his  Lieutenancey. 
If  the  former,  altho  we  are  not  expressly  authorized, 
yet  for  the  good  of  the  service  we  might  find  means  to 
accomodate  him,  but  you  know  that  a  double  Com- 
mission would  be  directly  contrary  to  a  resolution  of 
the  Provincial  Congress,  this  Article  therefore  must 
. .  unavoidably  wait  for  explanation." 

White  Hall.  22".^  Augt :  1775. 
Dear  Gentlemen. 

I  received  your  favour  of  the  lOt.'i 
Instant,  the  express  to  Mr:  Hammond  from  the 
Council  of  Safety,  I  immediately  sent  to  him,  also  at 
the  same  time  wrote  to  Captain  Caldwell  advising  him 
to  be  on  his  guard. 

I  have  heard  nothing  of  any  Body  of  Men  going  to 
attack  Augusta  shall  acquaint  M^?  Mayson  that  you 


424  THE  HISTORY  OF 

are  well.  I  this  day  heard  from  M';  Drayton  directing 
me  to  reinforce  Fort  Charlotte  with  Militia,  which  I 
am  now  giving  orders  to  do.  and  1  intend  immediately 
to  throw  a  Quantity  of  Provision  in.  M';  Drayton  is  to 
have  a  Meeting  to-morrow  with  Fletchall's  People  at 
same  Ford's,  Enoree.  &  has  some  opinion  that  they 
may  use  violence  to  liis  person.  It  that  should  be  the 
Case  I  shall  endeavour  to  iiave  the  Militia  under  my 
Command,  to  march  whenever  he  may  be  carried  a 
prisoner.  T  have  sent  this  day  a  Young  Man  whom  I 
can  well  depend  upon  to  be  at  the  Meeting  tomorrow, 
and  will  return  immediately  &  inform  me  what  is 
done  there.  Excuse  haste.  I  am 
Dear  Gentlemen 

Your  most  obt  humble  Serv^. 
A  Wp'Son. 

Camp  Amelia  Fuquett's  old  P^iehJ  25^1^  Aug*:  1775./ 
Hon'ble  Sir, 

The  express  sent  to  M''  Drayton  is  not  yet 
return'd,  I  am  now  camp'd  at  this  Place  with  five 
Companys — Capt:  Wise,  Kirshaw,  ({(jodwyn,  Richard- 
son &  Woodward;  Capt^  Imhoff  and  Heatly,  are  out 
recruiting  as  is  Capt:  Kirshaw  in  behalf  of  them  & 
likewise  some  of  the  Lieutenants,  I  am  in  hopes  in  a 
short  time  to  have  their  Companys  Compleated.  Ma- 
jor Mason  who  has  been  some  time  at  the  Congrees 
waiting  for  them  I  expect  at  the  same  time  to  join  the 
Camp,  from  all  the  Intelligence  I  have  had  there  was 
not  much  reason  for  our  Friends  in  Georgia  being  so 
much  alarm'd,  the  first  certain  accounts  I  had  of  Capt: 
Polk's  disobedience,  T  rec<J  by  a  Letter  from  Major 
Mason  the  day  before  M';  Drayton  came  to  the  Con- 
grees, &  on  his  arrival  I  deliver'd  it  to  him.  1  did  not 
chuse  to  write  from  report,  where  tlie  reputation  of  a 
Gent:    was   at   Stake,    njy   officer,    who    wrote   to  Mf 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  425 

Gervais  /yet,  unknown  to  me/  had  he  acquainted  me, 
I  should  liave  had  it  in  my  power  to  have  wrote  facts. 
Whatever  certainties  might  come  to  my  Hands  of  con- 
sequence, either  for  or  against  the  cause  of  Liberty, 
You  may  depend  upon  I  shall  /both  as  a  point  of 
my  Duty  &  my  strictest  regard,  for  the  welfare  of  the 
Country/  make  immediate  report  of. 

I  have  reason  to  believe  the  Nonsubscribers  will  be 
l)ut  few  in  a  short  time.  I  have  the  Promise  of  a  Vol- 
unteer company  of  Sixty  good  Men  out  of  Fletchall's 
Company  near  to  where  he  lives.  I  have  taken  away 
the  Commissioners  from  some  of  the  Capt»  of  my  regi- 
ment of  Foot,  who  was  disobedient  &  disaffected. 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  if  it  would  be  proper  to 
fill  up  those  places  with  good  Men  by  giving  them 
Volunteer  Commissions,  if  not  proper  should  be  glad  to 
know  if  I  could  be  supply'd  with  blank  Commissions 
from  the  Gov^  for  them  I  inclose  You  a  list  of  Capt" 
Wise's  officers  &  Men.  CaptV  Imhoff  petition'd  for  a 
2^<^  Lieut*^  Commission,  for,  in  the  choice  of  which, 
depended  the  raising  of  Men  to  the  number  of  14  or 
15.  The  other  blank  Commissions  I  shall  not  fill  up 
untill  my  regiment  are  together,  except  those  in  the 
Fort,  untill  which  time  it  will  not  be  in  my  Power  to 
make  you  a  proper  return  of  the  reg^;  of  Horse.  The 
Company's  now  with  me  are  Corapleat,  And  I  have 
the  vanity  to  make  mention,  that  the  Men  are  very 
forward  in  their  Military  discipline  I  remain 
Yr  most  obedt  Servt 

W»'  Thomson 

NB: 

Please  to  observe  that  Capt"  Wise  himself  is  in  No: 
Carolina,  his  Men  came  w^ith  Lieut:  Donaldson.  Captl^ 
Wise  I  presume  will  be  in  Camp  in  a  few  days. 


426  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  Hoirble  the  Council  of  Safety. 

Gents 

I  Yesterday  returned  from  96.  &  think  it  un- 
necessary to  write  of  particulars,  as  I  make  no  man- 
ner of  doubt  M^;  Drayton  has  already  given  you  the 
same.  I  have  left  seven  companies  behind  at  96.  in 
order  to  take  a  Tour  farther  back  in  the  Country.  An 
alarm  has  been  given  that  an  Indian  of  the  Cherokees 
had  been  killed  &  two  wounded  in  Georgia  which  has 
disturbed  the  minds  of  the  back  Inhabitants  much. 
And  Mi;  Drayton's  opinion  in  this  case  concurs  with 
my  own,  it  is  that  as  the  Rangers  were  raised  in  de- 
fence of  the  Country  the  back  settlers  would  think 
hard  if  they  were  not  with  them  in  case  of  danger. 

We  have  therefore  order'd  them  to  March  for  some 
time  up  amongst  them  but  not  to  proceed  within  15 
Miles  of  the  Indian  line,  for  fear  of  alarming  the  In- 
dians, &  in  order  to  appease  the  minds  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants in  those  parts  After  which  we  have  given  them 
leave  of  absence  for  a  few  days  in  order  to  recruit 
themselves  &  Horses,  which  is  really  requisite,  when 
they  are  to  meet  at  the  Camp  in  Amelia  which  will  be 
on  the  24th  OcfJ; 

After  Mi;  Drayton  had  finish'd  with  Col.  Fletchall,  I 
took  a  ride  to  Fort  Charlotte;  &  examined  the  whole; 
I  think  it  is  in  very  good  order  for  defence  &  that 
there  is  a  very  good  Company  in  it. 

While  I  was  there  I  had  the  pleasure  of  .seeing  Fort 
James  on  the  Georgia  side,  taken  possession  of  by 
some  of  the  Georgians  &  Carol^^*  at  my  return  to  96.  I 
met  with  M";  Wilkinson  from  the  Cherokee  Nation 
who  informed  me  that  one  of  the  Indians  was  killed 
&  two  wounded  by  some  of  the  Georgia  People.  I  im- 
mediate gave  orders  to  Lieut  Taylor  of  Fort  Charlotte 
to  take  a  party  of  Men  with  him  &  go  in  search  of  the 
Persons   whom    the   Indians   mistrusted   had    Ikilledl 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  427 

comiiiitted  the  fact  &  whose  names  this  M";  Wilkin- 
son mentioned  to  me. 

Inclosed  you  have  a  General  return  of  my  Regt  of 
Rangers  from  the  time  of  enlisting  to  the  20^'^  Ins* 
which  is  as  correct  as  I  could  possibly  make  it  from 
the  returns  given  in  by  the  different  Capt^''  Capt'3  Wise 
on  that  same  day  resigned  his  commission  to  M^; 
Drayton  &  as  he  will  inform  you  more  particular  on 
that  &  every  other  Head  I  think  it  unnecessary  to  add 
any  more. 

I  remain 
Gent 

Your  Most  Obedt  Hble  Serv* 

Dear  Sir.  Amelia  29th  Sept^;  1775. 

Your  very  kind  fav''.  of  the  17th  Inst''  was 
deliver'd  to  me  on  the  road  home  between  the  Ridge 
&  the  Congarees  which  afforded  me  the  greatest  Pleas- 
ure. 

You  may  depend  that  I  shall  always  make  a  proper 
Distinction  in  my  Private  &  Public  Letters  to  You. 
Your  present  situation  of  President  &  Chairman  1  am 
convinc'd  must  be  very  fatigueing,  &  tho  1  cannot  but 
think  it  is  high  time  that  you  ought  to  be  relieved  of 
your  burthen  Yet  I  am  afraid  they  will  not  find  a 
Person  to  supercede  You,  who  will  act  in  both  capaci- 
ties &  be  of  as  much  Service  to  the  Country  as  you 
have  been.  1  heartily  wish  that  General  Kirkland 
may  be  taken  &  lodged  in  the  Barracks  or  Fort  John- 
ston &  that  he  may  be  severely  punished  for  his  Vil- 
lainy, &  am  happy  to  hear  that  Fort  Johnston  is  in 
our  possession  &  that  you  are  making  every  necessary 
Preparations  for  defence.  1  have  no  doubt  but  you 
have  heard  before  this  that  Col  Drayton  has  had  a 
Meeting  with  Col  Fletchall  &  some  of  his  Head  Men  & 


428  THE  HISTORY  OF 

that  He  has  in  a  great  measure  quieted  him  <t  his  par- 
ty, they  seem  to  be  disatisfied  at  first  about  the  de- 
claration that  he  had  sent  over  to  their  Camp  desiring 
them  to  give  up  their  Leaders,  but  after  a  little  expos- 
tulation they  appeared  very  ready  to  make  &  sign  his 
Treaty,  which  I  suppose  you  have  seen.  1  was  inform- 
ed that  Cunningham  &  Brown  were  not  well  pleased 
with  Fletchall  for  what  he  had  done  &  that  they  had 
parted,  not  upon  the  best  terms.  However  it  may 
work  a  good  end  in  time,  which  I  heartily  wish.  Col^ 
Drayton  had  a  long  talk  with  the  Indians  at  the  Con- 
grees,  they  are  very  well  pleased,  but  wishes  much  to 
have  the  ammunition  that  was  promis'd  them  as  soon 
as  possible.  Capt:  Peyer  imhoff  I  left  sick  at  96,  but  1 
expect  to  see  him  at  the  Congarees  next  Monday 
when  I  will  present  your  Complim^.  to  him.  I  have 
given  him  every  assistance  in  my  Power  to  make  up 
his  Company  &  1  dare  say  that  it  will  be  filled  up  in  a 
few  days.  I  intend  going  to  Town  some  time  next 
Week,  when  I  will  do  myself  the  Pleasure  of  waiting 
on  you  to  converse  more  fully  on  the  news  of  the 
Countrj%  unless  I  should  receive  new  orders  to  the 
contrary  from  the  Hon'ble  the  Council  of  Safety 
I  rem"  D'"  Sir 

Yr  Most  Obedt.  H'ble  Servt 
W'li  Thomson 

General  orders. 
Gentlemen, 

17  Augt  1775  Amelia 
Captain  Charles  Heatly  will  shew  you  Your  place  of 
Encampm^  near  Fuguetts  old   Field  &  the  form  yon 
are  to  camp  in. 

It  is  hereby  order'd  that  the  Men  makes  good  Camps 
to  Shelter  themselves  from  the  weather. 

You  w\\]  order  out  of  each  Company  every  Day  suf- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  429 

ficient  Grass  Guards  &  Fitague  Men.  As  soon  as  your 
Camps  are  Compleat,  You  are  as  usual  to  be  very  dili- 
gent in  Training  the  Men.  I  am  order'd  on  a  Tour  to 
the  Beaver  Dam  near  little  Saluda,  hopes  to  be  at 
your  Camp  by  Tuesday  next. 

To  the  sevi.  Capt"^  Yr  hble  sevt 

of  the  Regt  of  Rangers.  W^  T: 

Amelia  17  Augt  1775 

Sir, 

Please  to  send  the  inclos'd  to  Capt"  Peyer  im- 
hoff.  I  am  order'd  on  a  Tour  up  Saluda,  hopes  to  re- 
turn &  find  you  all  in  Camp  at  Fuguetts  old  Field, 
areeble  to  Your  last  orders  You  rec^j  from  me.  In  my 
absence  Capti?  Cha«  Heatley  will  shew  You  Your  place 
of  Encanjpmen*:  ■&  the  Form  of  the  Camp. 

As  You  will  be  the  oldest  Capt^}  on  the  Spot  you 
will  see  that  the  orders  left  with  him  are  put  in  Exe- 
cution.    I  hope  to  be  in  Camp  on  Tuesday     I  am 

To  Sir  Yr  humble  Servant 

Capt"  Eli  Kirshaw.  W.  T. 

Amelia  17  Augt  1775/ 
Sir, 

This  day  I  rec'4  from  the  Council  of  Safety  a 
Capt>?*^  Commission  for  You.  On  recpt  hereof  you  will 
wait  on  me  in  Amelia  in  order  to  receive  the  same.  In 
the  Interim  &  on  your  way,  you  may  Enlist  Men  for 
yourself;  Let  them  be  good  rifle  Men  with  good 
Horses,  please  to  fetch  the  date  of  the  Commission  of 
the  2nd  Lieut,  of  Capt"  Wise,  &  the  date  of  Lieut*:  Don- 
aldson's Commission.     I  am 

Y^our  h'ble  Serv* 
To  W.  T. 

Capt^  Lewis  Peyer  Imhoff. 


430  THE  HISTORY  OF 

To  the  Hon'ble  Henry  Lawrens,  President  of  the 
Hon'ble  the  Council  of  Safety. 

Camp  Amelia  2"^  Sepf.  1775./ 
Sir, 

Last  night  I  recA  a  Letter  by  an  Express  from 
the  Hon'ble  W'}^  Henry  Drayton  ordering  me  to  march 
my  Regt:  of  Rangers  immediately  to  the  ridge,  which 
I  shall  do  tomorrow  morning  &  will  endeavour  to 
inarch  as  many  of  my  Regt.  of  Foot*  as  I  can  make  up 
agreeable  to  his  orders 

Inclosed  is  a  Letter  reC?  by  said    Express  to  the 
Hon'ble  the  Council  of  Safety.     I  remain 

with  great  respect 
Sir 
Yr  most  hum'ble  Serv^ 
W.  T. 

To  Camp  Amelia  2^}  Sept';  1775. 

Lieut:  Coll:  Rowe  &  ( 
Major  Golson  .  .        S 

Gentlemen 

You  are  hereby  ordered  to  meet  me  on 
Saturday  next  the  9*.^  Inst';  at  the  Ridge,  with  two 
hundred  Men  well  armed,  out  of  our  Regimt  of  Foot, 
if  you  cant  raise  them  as  Volunteers,  You  must  draft 
them,  &  assure  them  that  they  will  receive  Pay  as  the 
other  Provincials  in  this  Province  from  the  day  they 
leave  home  to  they  day  they  return.     I  am  (TentV 

Yr  humble  Serv*. 
W.  T. 


*This  was  the  regiment  of  provnicial  militia  that  Col,  Thomson  had 
commanded  before  being  seleeted  to  command  the  regiment  of  regu- 
lars known  as  the  Rangers, 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  431 

Camp  at  the  Congrees 
The  Hun'ble  W'?'  6  Sept:  1775. 

Henry  Drayton  at  AugV^ 

Wetherford:  Exp^s 
Sir, 

Yesterday  just  when  the  several  Companies 
were  about  marching  from  hence,  there  came  an  Ex- 
press from  Captn  Paris  informing  us  that  himself  and 
five  Cherokee  Indians  were  stopt  from  coming  down 
by  CaptV  Hendrick  &  some  others  belonging  to  Fletch- 
alls  regt  of  about  10  Miles  distant  from  the  Congarees. 
The  Companies  here  immediately  got  themselves  in 
readiness  and  marched  to  rescue  them,  which  they 
did  &  took  Hendrick  Prisoner,  who  is  now  confined  in 
Camp,  his  associates  made  their  escape  a  few  minutes 
after  he  was  taken,  Capt"  Paris  is  now  here  with  the 
Indians  who  will  inform  You  with  the  Particulars.  I 
have  order'd  the  Companies  to  march  early  tomorrow 
morning  for  the  ridge  where  I  expect  to  be  with  them 
on  Friday  Evening  &  where  I  shall  stay  untill  I  receive 
your  further  orders.  The  Men  that  are  to  be  drafted 
out  of  my  Regim*  of  Foot  &  the  Volunteers  I  have 
order'd  to  meet  me  at  the  Ridge  by  Saturday  next 
Your  orders  to  Coll:  Richardson  I  have  sent,  but  I 
have  not  heard  from  him  since,  only  that  he  is  very 
much  hurt  from  a  fall*  from  his  Indico  Yatts,  which 

*The  following,  heretofore  unpublished,  letter  will  he  of  interest 
here: 

[Direction  on  cover.] 

On  the  Colony  Service 
To 

The  Honble  Henry  Laurens  Esqr 
Charles  Town 
Sir 

I  have  to  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  Conniiunicate  to  the  Council  of 
Safety,  that  two  days  ago  I  receiv'd  a  line  from  Colo  Wm  Thomson, 
accompanied  by  Copy  of  a  letter  from  the  Hon'ble  Wm  Henry  Dray- 


482  THE  HISTORY  OF 

I  am  afraid  will  deprive  him  from  meeting  us  himself, 
but  have  not  the  least  doubt  of  his  complying  with 
your  Instructions  the  Express  from  the  Hon'ble  the 
Council  of  Safety  arrived  here  last  night  with  the  in- 
closed Letter  for  your  Honor,  also  two  Bundles  which 
I  expect  are  for  the  Indians.  Paris  has  just  deliver'd 
me  the  Indians  talk,  which  he  desired  me  to  forvvnrd 
by  this  same  Express. 
Our  detention  here  today  arrises  from  the  Fatigue 

toil,  wherein  he  desires  me  to  March  300  men  of  my  Regin)ei)(  to 
Broad  River  &  eo 

I  had  the  misfortune  to  get  a  fall  wiiicli  renders  me  unable  to  get 
out  of  my  Bed,  having  Broke  two  or  three  of  n)y  Ril)s  and  am  otlier- 
ways  mucli  liruised.  however  am  hopefull  shall  get  out  in  some  short 
time. 

I  have  sent  tiie  necessary  orders  to  Major  Cantey  to  assemble  the 
Regiment,  and  Collect  the  above  numVter  of  men  which  hope  will 
soon  be  carried  into  execution,  but  beg  leave  to  represent  to  Council 
of  Safety  that  I  do  not  believe  there  are  300  loads  of  Powder  in  my 
Regiment,  and  therefore  hope  some  speedy  method  will  be  fallen  of 
lodging  a  supply  to  be  in  readiness  upon  any  emergency  that  may 
happen;  and  if  Possible  about  200  Stand  of  armes,  as  a  great  number, 
(particularly  the  new  Irish  settlers)  are  distitute  and  many  unable  t<» 
provide  themselves  was  they  to  be  purchased  for  money,  which  at 
present  is  not  the  Case. 

There  are  several  Volunteer  Companys  assembling  in  difterent 
quarters  of  my  Regiment,  some  of  which  lam  informed  are  nearly 
compleat  Conimissions  will  be  wanting  to  otticer  them  — 

As  my  Lieut  Colo  has  left  this  Province  a  new  arrangement  of 
Field  Olticers  will  become  necessary,  to  fill  up  by  Seniority  will  not 
answer,  for  sundry  reasons;  which  I  hope  soon  to  have  opportunity 
of  comnumicating  to  the  Council  of  Safety  - — • 
I  have  the  Honour  to  be 
Sir 
Your  most  Hump  Servt: 
Richd  Richardson 
St  Marks — 

6th:  Septnir  1775 
To  Henry  Laurens  Esqr 

President  of  the  Council  of  Safety 

[Endorsement  on  baek.] 
Collo  R-  Richardson 

6th.  Septr  177-") 
Read  in  Council  10th- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  433 

the    Horses   had   yesterday,    we  did    not  return   to 
Camp  until  one  o  Clock  this  morning. 

I  rem'.'  vvith  great  Esteem 
Hond  Sir 

Yrs  &c 

W:T. 

Henry  Laurens  Esq^; 

Camp  at  Conga rees  6<ii  Sepf;    1775./ 

Sir, 

Since  I  wrote  vou  from  Camp  Amelia  the  ^"^^ 
Inst  [  received  your'  favour  of  the  31^.t  Ult?  which 
gives  me  great  satisfaction.  You  may  depend  that  T 
will  as  soon  as  possible  exert  myself  for  raising  Volun- 
teer Comp  ys  &  inform  you  of  my  progress  therein. 

I  find  it  impossible  at  present  on  account  of  our 
marching  to  make  a  proper  return  of  my  whole 
regiml  but  will  endeavour  to  do  it  as  soon  as  I  meet  the 
Hon'ble  M'-  Drayton  I  had  issued  orders  previous  to  the 
recpt  of  you  Letter  for  all  returns  to  be  dated  and 
signed  by  the  Commands  offic:  of  each  Company  but 
the  omission  of  Capt'?  Wise's  was  owing  to  his  not  be- 
ing present  at  the  time  it  was  given  in,  nor  did  he 
join  the  Regt  l)efore  yesterday  his  reason  for  not  join- 
ing before  he  says  was  owing  to  orders  he  received 
from  the  Hon'ble  the  Council  of  Safety. 

You  may  rest  assured  that  I  will  to  the  best  of  my 
ability  follow  vour  own  and  M''  Drayton's  Instructions 
&  will  give  him  all  the  Military  aid  in  my  Power 
when  he  shall  think  tit  to  demand  it.  I  shall  careful- 
ly review  all  your  former  instructions  &  give  such  or- 
ders with  regard  to  the  Post  of  Fort  Charlotte  &  for 
the  safety  of  our  associated  Friends  at  Augusta  as 
long  as  I'may  think  the  most  prudent  at  this  alarni- 
ino-  time.     I  am  extremely  obliged  to  you  for  consent- 


434  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ing  to  my  leaving  the  Camps  as  I  requested,  which  I 
shall  do,  when  I  can  with  propriety  do  it,  but  at  pres- 
ent I  have  not  the  least  thoughts  of  it. 

The  reappointmt:  of  Capt"  Ez'.  Polk,  I  hope  will  be 
attended  with  very  good  consequences.  &  that  he  will 
endeavour  to  gain  credid  by  his  future  behaviour.  In- 
clos'd  you  will  find  a  copy  of  his  Letter  to  me  which 
I  just  received,  but  shall  not  make  any  reply  before  I 
see  Ml'  Drayton,  Yesterday  about  noon  when  the  sev- 
eral Companies  were  getting  ready  to  proceed  on  their 
march  for  the  Ridge  we  rec'?  an  Expi-ess  from  Capt" 
Paris  inform^:  us  that  one  CaptV  Hendrick  &  several 
others  of  Coll<^  Fletchall's  party  had  stop"^  him  &  5  of 
the  Cherokee  Indians  from  coming  down  here  at  about 
Ten  Miles  distant  from  this,  &  hoped  that  we  would 
come  to  their  Assistance,  the  Companies  were  immedi- 
ately ordered  to  go  &  rescue  them  &  take  Hendricks  & 
his  Associates  Prisoners.  I  arrived  there  just  about 
night  &  took  Capf?  Hendricks,  but  the  others  escaped 
after  he  was  taken  &  before  any  of  the  Companies 
came  up  to  the  House  they  were  in. 

I  order'd  the  Prisoner  under  a  Guard  to  the  Camp — 
where  he  is  now  in  confinem^  Capt  Paris  with  the  In- 
dians came  along  with  us  there  this  morning.  I  had  a 
Talk  with  these  Indians  &  informed  them  that  M'; 
Drayton  had  desired  me  to  conduct  them  to  the  ridge, 
as  he  expected  I  should  see  them  before  he  did;  they 
said  they  were  tired  of  marching  &  would  rather  re- 
main here  untill  Mr:  Drayton  came  to  them.  They 
gave  me  the  talk  from  the  Nation  &  desired  me  to 
send  it  to  him  directly  which  I  have  done. 

I  propose  marching  to  morn^w  morning  early  for 
the  Ridge  where  I  expect  to  be  with  the  Companies 
on  Friday  Evening, 

I  should  have  done  it  todav  liad  not  the  Horses  been 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  435 

fatigued  Yesterday.     We  did  not  return  before  one  of 
the  Clock  tlii^  nioniK: 

1  rem"  with  great  esteem 
Yrs-  &c 

W:T. 

omitted 2"*i  Sepf;  Camp  Amelia 

To  the  Hon'hle  W'."  Henry  Drayton: 

Your  orders  I  rec*?  late  last  night,  shall  putt  them 
in  execution  Immediately.  1  shall  march  from  this 
Camp  tomorrow  morning  I  shall  do  my  best  endeav- 
ours to  take  as  many  of  the  Militia  with  me  as  possi- 
ble, tho  T  am  afraid  shall  not  be  able  to  procure  the 
Complim^:  you  mentioned.  The  Water's  being  high 
obliges  me  to  go  by  the  Congarees  where  1  shall  be 
detained  one  Day  in  procuring  Provisions  &  other  ne- 
cessaries, as  it  was  not  in  my  Power  to  provide  the 
same  in  this  Place  the  Rivers  being  full  the  Waggons 
were  not  able  to  pass.  I  has  disp<?  your  orders  to  Col: 
Richardson  &  your  Letter  to  the  Council  of  Safety. 

We  have  pretty  certain  accounts  of  the  defeat  of 
Gage.  9000  of  his  Men  are  said  to  have  been  slain  & 
himself  is  dead  of  the  wounds  he  rec<?  .  .  .  there  is  a 
GentV  lately  arrived  at  Chas:  Tow^n  from  Virginia 
with  5  Letters,  whose  accounts  agrees  exactly     I  remi» 

Sir, 
Yr  Most  Obedt  Servl 

W:  T. 

The  Hou'ble  W'."  Henry  Drayton, 

Camp  at  Fairchilds  Branch. 

6ti^  Sept':  1775. 

Dr:  Sir, 

Since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  writing  to  You 
under  the  fit''  Tnst:  p''  M'"  Weatherford  an  Express  to 


436  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Augusta,  I  rec<!  your  kind  Lett';  of  the  5t'i  Inst:  at  M^ 
Williams  about  2  o  Clock  this  after  noon  on  our  march 
hither.  Inclosed  you  will  please  find  Capt'.i  Arthur's 
Letter  to  me,  which  I   have  answered  desiring  him 

that  if  he believed  the  report  he  mentions 

to  be  true  that  he  would  meet  me  with  CaptV  Paris  & 
the  Indians  at  the  Ridge  on  Sunday  mornis  10  oClock 
together  with  the  Volunteers  &  drafted  Men  out  of  my 
Regmt.  of  Militia:  I  am  of  opinion  that  was  I  to  leave 
the  Ridge  before  they  arrived  it  wou'd  make  them  un- 
easy therefore  I  think  it  best  to  wait  for  them,  but  for 
further  particulars  refer  you  to  Major  Mayson  with 
whom  I  have  consulted  &  who  will  deliver  this  with 
his  own  Hands. 

I  have  deliv'ed  him  all  the  Commissions  for  the  Vol- 
unteer Companies  which  I  rec^?  from  the  Hon'ble  the 
Council  of  Safety,  to  be  given  to  You     I  am  Sir 

Yr«  &c 

W^  T. 

To  the  Hon'ble  W^  H:  Drayton 

Camp  near  the  ridge  HKii  Sept  1775 
Sir,  I  rec^  Youi-s  of  the  9tii  Ins^.  early  this 

morning  1  shall  strictly  observe  the  Contents  thereof, 
this  Inst  Capt"  Arthur  and  Capt  Cleiger  with  twenty 
Volunteers  arrived  here  from  the  Congarees  with 
whom  I  expected  Capt"  Paris  &  the  Indians,  the  alarm 
mentioned  in  CaptV  Arthur's  Letf;  forwarded  to  you 
yesterday  proved  (Iroundless.  CaptV  Paris  endeav- 
oured to  prevail  on  the  Indians  to  accompany  him  to 
the  Ridge,  but  they  rather  chose  to  stay  at  the  Con- 
garees till  your  return,  as  they  complain'd  much  as  be- 
ing tired  as  before  but  Paris  says  they  seem  very 
anxious  to  see  You.  I  expect  Major  Golson  of  my 
Regimt  of  foot  with  a  draft  of  Men  &  the  Volunteers 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  437 

this  clay  be  it  as  it  will,  I  shall  march  for  Ninety  six 
early  tomorrow  morning, 

1  am 
Dr  Sir, 

Yr  most  obedt  Servt 
W.  T. 

^  Lieut  Caldwell 
Capt.  John  Caldwell— 12.  May  1776.— Fort  Lyttelton 
Camp  near  the  10  Mile  house 
Sir 

Yours  of  the  7^}^  Instant  is  now  before  me  & 
note  the  contents,  Your  Letter  by  Captain  Purvis  did 
not  come  to  my  hand  before  the  Prisoners  you  sent 
were  tried,  received  their  Sentence  &  pardoned  by  His 
Excellency  the  President  The  reason  of  their  being 
discharged  I  am  entirely  a  stranger  to — I  am  told 
Capt.  Purvis  applied  to  Colonel  Gadsden  to  deliver 
them  their  attestations  &  said  it  was  by  your  desire — 
Your  first  Letter  did  not  reach  me  untill  lately — ^I 
herewith  inclose  you  a  Roster  of  the  officers  as  they 
now  are  to  do  Duty  &  Lieut  Caldwell  will  deliver  You 
a  list  of  Your  Men  now  at  Head  Quarters —  The  Pay 
Master  will  write  you  with  regard  to  Your  Mens  Pay — 
I  should  have  wrote  you  more  fully  but  as  Your 
Brother  can  inform  You  any  thing  farther,  I  shall  not 
add,  save  that  I  am 

Sir 
Yours  &c 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esq^'  ) 

President  &  Commander  in  Chief  of  >  in  Charles  Town 

the  Colony  of  So  Carolina  \ 

Camp  near  the  Ten  Mile  house  7tii  May  1776. 
Sir 

Having  been  informed  a  few  days  ago  that  Mr 


438  THE  HISTORY  OF 

John  Giles  at  Monck's  Cornei-  had  some  Osenbiirgs  for 
Sale.  I  desired  one  of  my  officers  to  send  a  person 
there  «fe  endeavour  to  pnrohase  the  whole  of  him  in  or- 
der to  make  Hunting  Shirts  for  my  men—  The  per- 
son returned  without  doing  of  it  &  informed  me  that 
Mr  Giles  asked  10/  hard  money  &  12/0  paper  Curren- 
cy pr  Yard — this  morning  I  was  informed  he  asks  for 
the  same  Osnaburgs  10/  hai'd  money  «t  15/  paper 
^  yd  which  1  think  is  a  very  great  extortion — my  on- 
ly reason  for  troubling  Your  Excellency  with  this,  is  to 
beg  your  advice  in  the  matter,  as  the  distinction  made 
between  hard  &  paper  money  is  of  very  great  <liser- 
vice  to  the  Province  &  1  hope  some  example  will  be 
made  of  such  persons^ — 

1  have  the  honour  to  be 
Your  Excellency's 

Most  Obed^.  humb*-  Serv. 


His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Escjr.    in  Ghailes  Town 
Camp  near  the  Ten  mile  house  \^^  June  1776 
Sir 

This  morning  early  1  had  the  other  detardiment 
of  my  Regiment  ready  to  march  down,  but  the  weath- 
er proving  rainy  I  thought  it  most  prudent  to  detain 
them,  as  there  are  now  Sick  in  Camp  46  Men;  40  of 
whom  have  the  Flux  &  I  am  afraid  many  more  would 
be  laid  up  were  they  to  get  wet — as  soon  as  the  weath- 
er clears  up  Major  Mayson  will  mairh  down  with  said 
Detachment — 1  would  have  done  myself  the  pleasure 
of  waiting  on  Your  ExcelTcy  last  night  had  1  not  been 
unwell,  but  as  soon  as  I  an]  better  will  do  it — 

1  am  Your  PLxcellency's  ^G 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY,  439 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esq^'     in  Charles  Town 
Camp  on  SuUivant's  Island  22^^  June  1776 
Sir 

As  I  have  been  credibly  informed  that  the  Reg*" 
of  Artillery  at  Beanfort  is  now  nearly  compleated,  T 
take  the  liberty  of  requesting  the  favour  of  your  Ex- 
cellency to  let  the  two  Companies  of  Rangers  there  be 
relieved  &  ordered  to  join  my  Regiment  here,  could 
they  be  spared  without  prejudice  to  the  Service,  it 
would  give  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  have  them 
present,  as  1  have  never  once  had  the  Reg^  together — 
The  Men  here  are  in  the  greatest  spirits,  the  Enemy's 
Centinels  &  ours  are  so  near  to  each  other,  that  they 
might  shake  hands  had  we  biit  boats  &  they  chose  to 
be  Friendly — Two  field  pieces  were  fired  by  the  Artil- 
lery here  early  this  morning  at  a  boat  of  armed  Men 
which  we  apprehend  was  returning  from  reconnoiter- 
ing  last  night — Could  the  Rangers  be  relieved  once  in 
two  or  three  weeks  by  some  other  Troops  it  would  be 
obliging  both  officers  &  men  from  w-hom  T  have  had 
some  hints  to  that  purpose — I  hope  Your  Excellency 
will  not  take  amiss  any  thing  I  have  mentioned. 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esqr        Charles  Town 
Camp  on  Sullivants  Island  llt^i  July  1776 

Sir 

Lieutenant  Charlton  of  Capt.  Kirshaws  Company 
in  consequence  of  a  Letter  which  he  received  this  morn- 
ing from  Camden,  did  make  application  to  me  for 
leave  to  go  there  to  secure  his  Family  from  a  pre- 
sumed insurrection  of  the  Indians  in  that  Quai"ter 
wdiich  I  did  not  comply  with,  &  He  returned  His  Com- 
mission into  my  hands — I  hope  Your  Excellency  will 
not  take  it  amiss  in  having  received  said  Commission, 

Several  of  the  officers  &  privates  have  received  Let- 
ters from  their  Friends  in  the   l)ack  Countrv  on  ac- 


440  THE  HISTORY  OF 

count  of  the  Indians  breaking  out,  which  give  them  a 
great  deal  of  uneasiness  in  regard  to  their  families — 
I  for  my  part  do  not  think  that  matters  are  half  so 
had  as  reported  to  be — 

I  have  the  honour  to  be 

Your  Excellencys  &c 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Estj''         Charles  Town 
Camp  on  Sullivants  Islund  ll''^  July  1776. 

Sir 
I  received  Your  Excellency's  Letter  just  now  by 
Mf  Calvert  Jun,  with  Keg  of  Ciun  Powder  for  which  I 
have  given  him  a  Receipt  1  am  happy  to  hear  that 
Cunningham  &  the  other  Prisoners  have  taken  the 
Test  oath  &c —  &  I  am  of  the  same  opinion  with  Your 
Excellency  that  their  discharge  will  have  a  good 
effect —  The  oared  Barge  shall  be  sent  to  Town  as 
soon  as  Your  Excellency  shall  be  pleased  to  send  Men 
capable  of  carrying  her  safe  up  as  there  are  none  in 
my  camp  fit  for  that  purpose —  I  have  not  had  any 
success  as  yet  in  sending  the  Deserters  Letters  to  the 
Enemy;  they  now  keep  double  the  Centinels  to  what 
they  formerly  did,  but  nevertheless  I  expect  to  have 
them  landed  safe  this  night  &  I  hope  they  will  have 
the  desired  effect. 

I  received  the  Spy  Glass  Your  Excellency  has  been 
so  kind  as  to  send  me,  which  I  shall  take  particular 
care  of  &  return  when  1  shall  be  ordered  to  quit  this 
Island — 

Ihave  the  honour  to  remain 

Your  Excellencys  «tc 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esq'"-       Charles  Town 
Camp  on  Sullivants  Island  15^^^  July  1776. 
Sir 

Your  Excellencys  favour  1   have  just  leceived 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  441 

by  Mr  Calvert  &  am  very  sorr}^  that  the  Snuff  was 
blown  in  M'"  Timothy's  Eyes  for  he  is  very  much  mis- 
taken in  saying  that  all  the  Troops  have  left  Long  Is- 
land &  gone  on  board  the  Transports —  Yesterday 
Morning  we  perceived  only  (uie  Centinel  on  the  Breast 
work  opposite  to  our  when  they  usually  planted  four 
&  this  morning  we  did  not  discover  any  Enemy  there, 
ahout  11  oClock  there  appeared  to  be  some  of  our 
Friends  in  Arms  from  the  main  in  order  as  I  suppose 
to  I'econnoitre  the  Enemys  Entrenchments —  They 
no  sooner  appeared  to  the  Enemy  on  Long  Island, 
than  they  began  to  fire  on  them  &  fired  their  Field 
Pieces  ten  times,  but  in  my  opinion  without  doing  any 
damage.  1  could  wish  our  men  had  not  run  so  far 
when  the  Enemy  fired — all  their  Tents  are  still  stand- 
ing on  the  Beach  &  I  observed  just  now  that  about  150 
including  Men  Women  &  Children  marching  toward 
the  East  end  of  Long  Island  with  their  Field  pieces  & 
I  think  mean  to  embark —  There  are  none  of  the  Ene- 
my left  on  Goat  Island  &  their  flat  bottomed  Boats  all 
disappeai-ed  Yesterday;  as  the  naval  force  have  made 
a  move  to  push  off  this  morning,  the  land  force  in  my 
opinion  will  also  do  the  same  in  a  few  days  —  I 
should  have  wrote  to  Your  Excellency  before  now  had 
not  I  expected  the  Commanding  Officers  here  whom  I 
generally  informed,  would  have  communicated  every 
circumstance  that  has  happened  to  Your  Excellency — 
I  have  the  honour  to  be 

Your  Excellencys  Most  Ob^  &c 

Major  James  Mayson  Ninety  Six 

Chas  Town  7  Aug  1776 
^  Express 
Sir 

I  have  this  moment  received  orders  from  His 
Excellency  the  President  to  maich  130  Men  out  of  my 


442  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Regiment  under  proper  officers  on  an  Expedition  into 
East  Florida —  You  are  therefore  desired  to  proceed 
immediately  to  Savanna  k  take  the  Command  of  the 
Detachment  which  will  be  ready  to  set  off  from  this 
place  this  Evening — You  will  receive  further  orders 
from  General  Lee  at  Savanna 

I  am  Sir 

Yours  &Cc 

W.  T— 


f  ^  Post  f 
On  the  Service  of  the  united  States  of  America 
The  Honorable  John  Han-  ] 

cock  Esq':  President  of  the  ',  /,,  „  t^    -r         ct_  .>      i-   . 
tj      Ml     4.1,      t»  4-        Charles  town  ISoXarolina 

Hon  ble  the    Kepresenta-  \ 

fives  of  the  thirteen  Uni-  f  i^itK  a  *.  ^nnf 

ted  States  oi  America  in  f  ^ 

Congress,  at  Philadelphia  J 

Sir 

As  no  greater  honour  can  be  confered  on  a  faith- 
ful Servant  of  the  public  so  next  to  a  consciousness  of 
having  done  his  duty  nothing  can  afford  so  much 
pleasure  to  such  a  Servant  as  the  thanks  of  the  peo- 
ple.— 

I  must  confess  Sir,  I  had  not  entertained  the  small- 
est expectation  of  such  distinguished  Notice  as  the 
Congress  have  been  pleased  to  take  of  my  endeav- 
ours to  assist  in  Repelling  the  attempts  of  the  Fleet  & 
Army  upon  this  State  on  the  28^'^  of  June  last  —  I 
was  conscious  of  having  acted  honestly  in  the  Cause 
according  to  the  best  of  my  poor  abilities  &  there  My 
Ideas  rested  —  however  Sir  I  am  not  insensible  of  the 
very  great  honour  which,  for  barely  having  done  my 
duty,  T  have  now  received  from  the  Congress  —  I  beg 
leave  to  return  you  my  particular  thanks  for  the  very 
polite  manner  in  which  yon  have  transmitted  their 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  443 

Resolution  of  the  20*-'^  July  in  your  favour  of  the  22"^^ 
which  I  have  communicated  to  the  Officers  &  Soldiers 
of  my  Regiment. 

Permit  me  to  request  Sir,  you  will  be  pleased  to  pre- 
sent my  humble  respect  &  assurances  to  the  Congress 
that  my  Life  &  Fortune  are  devoted  to  the  Cause  of 
the  thirteen  United  States  of  America  &  to  the  gener- 
al propagation  of  Liberty  &  that  while  my  health  & 
Strength  will  permit  me  I  shall  hold  myself  at  the 
Command  of  my  Country — 

I  have  the  honour  to  be  with  great  respect, 
Sir 

Your  mo:  obed^  &  moidium.  Serv^ 
I  Signed  |    W'.'»  Thomson 

Lieut.  Col.  Command^;  of  the 
Reg^:  of  Rangers,  being  the 
3';f^  Regt  in  So.Carolina 

(leneral  Robert  Howe.         In        Charles  Town 

Camp  at  the  Congarees  6^'.»  October  1776. 
Sir 

The  detachment  of  my  Regiment  which  went 
to  Georgia  have  not  yet  come  to  Head  Quarters,  but  I 
expect  them  here  in  the  course  of  this  week  —  There 
are  now  in  Camp  161  Officers  &  Privates,  seven  of 
whom  are  sick,  the  remainder  all  tit  for  duty  —  there 
are  numbers  sick  also  at  their-  homes,  unable  to  join 
the  Regiment  at  present,  but  I  expect  them  as  soon  as 
they  recover  —  I  believe  1  shall  not  move  from  here 
untill  towards  the  l^^  next  month,  when  1  intend  to 
encamp  near  Nielson's  ferry  unless  I  receive  orders  to 
the  contrary  —  I  have  not  any  news  this  way  worth 
Your  notice  —  1  have  the  honour  to  be 

Sir 

Yours  &c*-  W.  T 


444  THE  HISTORY  OF 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esq!;  In  Charles  Town 
Camp  at  the  Congarees  6^^  October  1776. 
Sir 

Inclosed  you  have  a  Return  of  the  Names  & 
dates  of  the  Commissions  of  the  Officers  now  in  my 
Regiment  &  likewise  the  names  of  the  Gentlemen  who 
stand  next  lor  preferment  —  Lieut^  Brown  &  Hop- 
kins being  the  two  first  oldest  Lieutenants  &  good 
Men,  I  beg  you  will  be  pleased  to  send  Commissions 
for  them  as  by  the  Return  you  will  see  there  are  two 
vacancies  for  Captains. —  There  are  also  vacancies 
for  four  second  Lieutenants,  &  1  shall  recommend  the 
first  four  Gentlemen  now  on  the  Recruiting  service 
who  shall  raise  ten  men  each—  The  bearer  Capt. 
Richard  Winn  with  a  detachment  &  2  waggons  waits 
for  Your  Excellencys  orders  —  You  will  please  to  ob- 
serve that  the  first  Eighteen  Officers  in  my  Regiment 
Rank  by  number  &  not  by  the  dates  of  their  Commis- 
sions— 

I  have  the  honour  to  remain 

Your  Excellencys  &c^ 
W.  T. 

General  Robert  Howe,        In        Charles  Town 

Amelia  15th  October  1776. 

Sir 

Inclosed  you  have  a  Return  of  the  detachment 
marched  to  Georgia,  a  Copy  of  Your  Letter  concern- 
ing the  Expedition  is  sent  to  the  Officer  Commanding 
said  detachment  with  orders  strictly  to  adhere  to  & 
punctually  to  obey  your  directions  therein  contained 
I  have  directed  the  officer  to  Cross  Savanna  River  be- 
low Augusta  &  from  thence  to  proceed  to  Fort  Bar- 
rington  on  the  Alatainaha.  The  detachment  is  very 
badly  provided  with  ammunition. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  1  have  been  confined 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


445 


eleven  days  with  a  severe  fever,  which  has  rendered 
me  incapable  of  getting  out  of  bed  without  help,  & 
that  a  great  many  of  the  officers  &  Men  are  very  sick 
with  a  disorder  called  the  Mumps,  which  is  very  brief 
in  Camp,  besides  those  who  were  before  afflicted  with 
the  fever,  which  occasions  the  Camp  to  be  very  thin 
both  of  officers  &  men  who  are  fit  for  duty — 
I  remain  with  great  respect 
Sir  Yours  &Cc 

W.  T. 


A  Return  of  the  Detachment  of  Rangers  Command- 
ed by  Capt  John  Caldwell,  which  marched  from  Camp 
at  the  Congarees  on  an  Expedition  to  Georgia.  The 
14tii  October  1776— 


Marched  from  Camp 
To  March  this  Week 


/    cr     /            1^1            1 

S               /-/<^/ 

/•^/y-     /S/^/ 

/  ^    /   ^"    /    i?    /   58    /  ^ 

^      S      -^     ■::      -3 

1  O  1  ^  1  :iQ  1  1^  /  5w 

2 

3 

3 

93 

101 

1 

1 

7 

9 

2 

4 

4 

100 

110 

General  Robert  Howe,        In        Charles  Town 

Amelia  15tji  October  1776 
Sir. 

Your  orders  of  the  12ti>  I  this  moment  received 
by  Express,  1  shall  do  all  in  my  power  to  get  the 
Batallion  together,  tho'  I  am  afraid  it  will  be  some 
days  first  —  the  detachment  that  went  to  Georgia  un- 
der Major  Mayson  returned  only  last  Thursday  &  the 
Major  has  given  them  leave  of  absence  till  the  6th  of 
November,  as  they  are  at  present  much  scattered  &  a 


446  THE  HISTORY  OF 

great  deal  of  sickness  amongst  them  will  make  it  diffi- 
cult to  collect  them  together  k  I  am  afraid  will  not 
be  effected  so  soon  as  you  may  want  them  or  I  could 
wish  for  &:  my  not  being  in  a  condition  to  exert  my 
self  will  be  some  hinderance,  God  knows  when  1 
shall  be  able  to  leave  my  loom,  but  never-theless  I 
shall  give  all  necessary  orders  to  collect  them  as  quick 
as  possible 

I  remain 
Sir 

Yours  &c^: 
W.  T. 


Capt.  John  Caldwell,  on  A  march  towards  the  South- 
ward— 

Amelia  IS^ii  October  1776 
Sir 

By  a  Letter  which  I  received  from  General 
Howe  since  1  wrote  Yon  la.st,  I  have  reascn  to  think 
the  remainder  of  my  Regiment  will  be  ordered  to- 
wards Georgia  should  occasion  require  it,  but  should 
it  be  otherwise,  I  hope  as  soon  as  You  have  executed 
Your  orders  there  You  will  join  me  with  your  detach- 
ment either  at  the  Congarees  or  where  you  shall  hear 
the  Regiment  is  —  I  have  ordered  Lieut,  Beames  to 
join  you  immediately  &  to  take  with  him  a  sufficient 
number  of  Men  to  complete  the  detachment 

I  still  continue  confined  to  my  room  very  sick,  but 
hope  to  be  soon  l)etter,  wdien  I  may  perhaps  write  you 
further —  I  wish  you  success  &  a  Safe  return  to 
Camp  —  I  remain 

Sirs        Yours  &Cf^ 
W.  T. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  447 

General  Robert  Howe  In  Charles  Town 

P  Capt  Warle}^ 

Amelia  l^t  December  1776. 
Sir 

Please  to  receive  inclosed  a  Return  of  my  Regi- 
ment up  to  this  daj^  I  am  extremely  sorry  it  was  not 
in  my  power  to  have' sent  You  one  sooner,  but  some 
of  ray  Captains  not  coming  to  Camp  agreeable  to  or- 
ders was  the  occasion  of  it,  however  you  may  rest  as- 
sured that  in  future  I  shall  transmit  you  Monthl}^  Re- 
turns  

I  should  have  done  myself  the  pleasure  of  waiting 
on  you  long  before  this,  had  not  my  111  state  of  health 
prevented  me,  but  as  I  find  myself  grow  stronger  daily 
shall  endeavour  to  do  it  sonje  time  this  week 

1  remain  with  great  respect 
Yours  &C.  W.  T, 


Captain  Richard  Winn  —  going  to  Georgia 

Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferry  28tii  Decern  1776 
Sir 

You  are  to  proceed  from  Camp  early  tomorrow 
morning  with  the  detachment  under  your  Command 
for  Georgia,  there  relieve  Captain  Caldwell  &  his  de- 
tachment &  follow  such  orders  as  he  or  the  Command- 
ing officer  there  may  give  you  —  You  are  to  send  me 
a  lietnrn  of  Your  Detachment  at  least  once  a  Month, 
in  order  that  1  may  have  it  in  my  power  to  render  in 
a  monthly  one  to  the  General  here  — 

I  am 
Sir 

Yours  &C 

W.  T. 


448  THE  HISTORY  OF 

^  Captain  Winn. 
Captain  John  Caldwell,  at  Fort  Harrington  In  Georgia 
Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferrv  2St'i  Decern  1777* 
Sir 

I  have  sent  Capt.  Richard  Winn  &  2  Subalterns 
with  2  Serjeants  &  50  Rank  &  File  to  relieve  the  De- 
tachment under  Yonr  Command  with  directions  to 
follow  such  orders  as  you  or  the  Commanding  officer 
in  Georgia  maj^  give  him,  after  which  You  are  to  pro- 
ceed with  Your  said  Detachment  to  the  place  of  En- 
campment here  where  I  shall  be  very  glad  to  see  you 
—  Your  several  Letters  did  not  come  to  hand  untill 
three  days  after  General  Howe  arrived  in  Town  &  then 
it  was  the  first  time  that  I  heard  from  you  since  you 
left  the  Congarees  —  probably  you  could  never  meet 
with  an  opportunity  to  write  me  before  however  be 
that  as  it  may  T  am  very  glad  to  hear  that  you  &  the 
other  officers  were  all  well,  I  wish  you  &  them  a  happy 
new  Year  «S:  a  safe  arrival  in  Camp — 

I  remain  with  great  regard 
Sir 

Yours  &C<^ 
W.  T. 

Major  Morgan  Conner        In  Charles  Town 

Amelia  2<1  January  1777 
^  Lieut.  Maskall. 
Sir 

Please  to  receive  under  cover  hereof  a  Monthly 
Return  of  my  Regiment  up  to  the  1^^  Instant,  as  also 
one  for  General  Howe,  which  I  beg  you  will  deliver  to 
him  —  there  are  some  of  my  officers,  I  am  informed 
who  will  not  take  Continental  Commissions  —  I  ex- 
pect to  be  in  Town  in  the  course  of  four  or  five  days, 

*  177(5. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  449 

when  T  shall  do  nu'  self  the  pleasure  of  waiting  on 
You  and  the  General — 

I  am  with  great  Esteem 
Sir        Yours  &!> 
W.  T. 

His  Excellency  John  Eutledge  Esq''^In  Charles  Town 
Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferr3'  lO^ii  Jan^^  1777. 
Sir 

Agreeable  to  the  request  in  Your  Exceliencj^'s 
favour  of  the  17**1  Instant  which  I  received  last  night 
^  Express,  I  inclose  a  Return  of  my  Regiment  up  to 
this  day  —  Youi-  Letter  to  Col.  Sumter  was  forward- 
ed to  him  immediately  as  it  came  to  hand,  but  his  an- 
swer is  not  yet  arrived  —  I  would  have  wrote  Your 
Excellency  more  fully  by  this  opportunity,  but  as  I 
propose  being  in  Town  in  a  few  days,  must  beg  leave 
to  postpone  adding  any  more  untill  1  have  the  pleas- 
ure of  seeing  Your  Excellency. — 

1  remain  with  much  Esteem 
Your  Excellency's  mo:  hum''  Serv* 
W.  T. 

Major  Samuel  Wise  —  Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferry 

Charles  Town  25ti'  April  1777. 
Sir 

In  consequence  of  orders  which  I  just  received 
from  His  Excellency  the  Pi'esident,  1  hope  you  will 
immediately  on  the  receipt  hereof,  order  2  Captains  4 
Lieutenants,  4  Serjeants  1  Drum  &  1  Fife  and  100 
Rank  &  File  well  mounted  with  Twelve  Waggons  to 
Charles  Town  —  Capt  Warley  is  the  first  officer  for 
Duty  therefore  You  will  please  order  the  next  Captain 
in  turn,  as  also  the  Lieutenants  —  endeavour  to  pro- 
cure the  Waggons  without  pressing  if  possible,  but  at 


450  THE  HISTORY  OF 

any  rate  they  must  be  had  &  with  the  greatest  expedi- 
tion —  Capt.  Kirshaw  is  sick  here  &  unfit  for  Duty  — 
the  Pay  Master  I  expect  will  receive  his  Money  this 
day  &  will  meet  the  Detachment  on  the  road  &  pay 
them  — 

I  am 

Sir        Yr  mo:  homb*^  Servt 
W.  T- 

General  Robert  Howe    -----    Charles  Town 
Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferry  9^'^  June  1777 

8ir 

As  I  was  necessitated  to  discharge  those  Men 
belonging  to  my  Regiment  who  were  enlisted  to  serve 
no  longer  than  the  l^t  Instant,  it  has  been  the  means 
of  reducing  the  Regt;  to  a  certain  number  now  on  the 
Continental  Establishment,  which  you  will  be  made 
acquainted  with  by  the  inclosed  Return,  excepting  6 
Serjeants  &  45  Privates  to  serve  upwards  of  Twelve 
Months  longer  who  were  enlisted  upon  the  first  estab- 
lishment of  my  Regiment  —  My  sole  motive  for 
troubling  you  at  present,  is  to  beg  Your  opinion  in 
what  I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  proposing  &  receiving 
your  advice  thereupon 

As  there  seems  to  be  not  the  least  expectation  of  an 
Enemy  shortly,  I  would  propose  sending  all  my  ofii- 
cers  out  on  the  Recruiting  Service  &  giving  Furlows 
to  all  the  Men  in  Camp  for  two  months  (save  about  30 
or  40)  to  go  home,  with  orders  to  Recruit  as  many 
men  as  they  could  possibly  get;  this  method  I  presume 
would  be  of  infinite  service  in  procuring  Recruits,  as  I 
am  well  convinced  that  many  of  the  men  have  great 
weight  &  influence  in  &  about  where  they  live  &  that 
this  indulgence  might  induce  others  to  enlist  — 

Lieut.  Col.  Mayson  who  is  the  bearer  of  this  will  in- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  451 

foi'Tii  3^ou  of  eveiT  partieukiv  relative  to  the  Regiment 
to  whojii  T  beg  leave  to  refer  you  — 

I  I'emain  with  great  respect 
Sir 

Yr  Mo:  huinb  Sevt: 
W.  T. 

His  Excellency  John  Rutledge  Esq^'         Charles  Town 
Camp  near  Nelson's  Ferr3^  9^*i  June  1777 

Sir 

I  take  the  liberty  of  informing  Your  Excellen- 
cy that  I  have  discharged  all  those  men  belonging  to 
my  Regiment,  who  were  enlisted  to  serve  this  State 
untill  the  1*^^  Instant  —  The  Regt  is  now  reduced  to 
a  certain  number  on  the  Continental  Establishment  & 
6  Serjeants  &  45  Privates  enlisted  on  the  first  Estab- 
lishment of  My  Regt  to  serve  for  three  Years,  as  you 
will  perceive  by  the  inclosed  Return 

I  am  of  opinion  that  were  these  men  at  present  in 
Camp  given  Furlows  to,  for  two  months,  to  go  home, 
with  orders  to  Recruit  for  My  Regt  it  would  be  of  in- 
finite service,  as  I  am  vei'y  certain  many  of  them  have 
g7'eat  weight  &  influence  in  &  about  the  neighborhood 
where  they  live  &  this  indulgence  might  be  of  great 
benefit  to  the  Recruiting  service:  I  also  purpose  send- 
ing the  greatest  part  of  my  officers  on  the  same  duty 
&  I  make  not  the  least  doubt  of  my  Regiment  being 
tolerably  forward  before  many  months — 

1  shall  be  very  happy  in  i^eceiving  Your  Excel lencys 
Advice  &  Instructions  as  soon  as  possible  —  the  bear- 
er Lieut  Col.  Mayson  can  give  you  any  intelligence 
relative  to  the  Regiment,  in  the  mean  time,  I  beg 
leave  to  add  that  I  am  with  great  respect 

Yr  Mo:  humb.  Serv^ 
W.  T 


452  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Sir  By  Major  Wise  please  to  receive  -d  re- 

turn of  my  Regiment  you  will  see  by  it  that  my  offi- 
cers has  not  returned  from  Recruiting  I  do  not  expect 
them  until  the  1  Septr  Please  to  let  Major  Wise  have 
200  Muskets  and  Bayonets  Flints  and  Carteridges  paper 
I  intend  to  have  Muskets  and  Bayonets  for  my  meiii 
except  100  which  I  would  have  complete  Rifle  men 
with  good  Horses  and  spears  I  would  be  much  obliged 
to  you  for  advice  in  remodeling  my  Regiment  so  as  to 
make  them  of  most  service  to  the  State  I  would  have 
waited  on  you  before  this  time  had  it  not  been  for  a 
Fall  from  my  Horse  which  broke  my  brest  Bone  so 
that  as  yet  I  am  not  fit  to  Ride  as  soon  as  the  officer8 
Comes  in  wnll  wait  on  you  then  I  will  be  able  to 
Judge  how  many  Muskets  I  shall  want 
I  am  Sir 

Your  Most  Hbl  Serv^ 
W.  T 

P.  8  I  have  mentioned  my  intentions  of  new  model- 
ing my  Regiment  to  his  Excellency  the  president  hope 

to  obtain  his  approbation  with  yours 

Amelia  13tii  Augl  1777  To  General  Robert  Howe- 

Sir 

By  Major  Wise  you  will  I'eceive  a  return  of  my 
Regiment  you  will  see  by  it  that  my  [officers]  are  not 
yet  returned  from  recruiting  Please  to  let  Major 
Wise  have  200  Muskets  and  Baynets  Flints  and  Oar- 
teridge  paper  If  you  think  it  proper  I  will  have 
Muskets  for  all  my  men  except  one  hundred  of  the 
most  expert  to  be  Rifle  men  with  good  Horses  and 
Spears  I  should  be  glad  to  receive  your  approbation 
and  advice  on  new  modeling  my  Regm^  to  make  them 
of  the  most  service  to  the  State  I  should  have  waited 
on  you  my  self  before  this  Time  had  it  not  been  for  a 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  453 

Fall  from  m}'  Horse  which  broke  my  brest  Bone  and 
am  not  yet  able  to  Ride  I  expect  all  my  officers  in  by 
the  first  of  Sep!;  then  I  shall  be  able  to  make  proper 
Return  and  know  how  many  Muskets  I  shall  want 

I  am  Sir 

Amelia  IS^h  Augt,  1777  Your  Most  Hble  Servt 

W.  T. 
To  His  Excellency  John  Rntledge  Esquir 

Sir 

Inclosed  yon  v\ill  Receive  Copy  of  orders  I  re- 
ceived from  his  Exoely  you  will  do  all  in  your  power 
to  have  them  complyed  with  especially  Capi  Lyle  2 
lieutl  2  Serjents  &  50  men  will  call  on  you  Cap^  Cald- 
well, Capt  Brown  4  Lieuts  4  serjents  and  100  men  well 
guard  the  goal  they  will  acquaint  Col  Williamson  as 
soon  as  arrive  at  96  of  there  being  there  Please  to 
order  all  the  men  that  is  on  Furlow  all  new  recruits 
to  Camp  immediately  do  let  any  Joyn  the  100  at  the 
Goal  or  Capt  Lyles  detachmen  they  may  if  you  think 
proper  a  few  if  there  should  be  any  up  there  that 
would  rather  stay  and  send  some  of  them  down  that 
went  from  Camp  Capt  Caldwell  Brown  and  Lyle  will 
send  to  me  their  pa,y  Bill  by  the  first  of  Sept 

I  am 

Sir  Your  Hmble  Servt 
W.  T- 
Col  James  Mayson 

Augt  l(>ti'  1777 
Sir 

You  will  proceed  to  Congarees  and  out  of  the 
detachment  that  is  on  their  March  with  Capt  Brown 
take  2  Lieut^  2  Serjeants  and  50  Men  and  March  them 
to  Col  Mayson  and  there  you  will  exert  the  best 
measures  with  him  to  take   James  Lindley  Richard 


454  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Pearce  cind  John  Parker  and  on  good  Evidence  any 
that  is  concerned  with  them  and  sen<l  them  to  Charles- 
town  under  a  Good  Guard 

I  am  Sir 

To  Your  Hble  Sevt 

Oapt  Lyies  W:  T. 

17tfi  Awgl  1777 
Sir 

As  soon  as  you  arrive  at  Gongarees  with  the 
Detachment  under  Your  Command  You  will  Detach 
off  Capt  Lyall  2  Lieuts  2  Serjeants  and  50  men  Capt 
Lyall  has  his  orders  where  to  march  them  then  you 
will  proceed  with  the  remainder  of  your  Detachment 
96  where  you  are  to  Guard  the  Goal  as  soon  as  you  ar- 
rive there  you  will  acquaint  Col  And^  Williamson 
with  your  arrival  and  orders  Please  be  careful  to 
march  the  Men  early  in  the  morning  that  their  March 
may  be  over  before  the  heat  of  the  Day     I  am     Sir 

Your  Hble  Sevt 
W.  T. 
I  have  sent  20 lb  of  my  own  Powder  and  50 ib  Lead 
And  some  Flints  of  the  publicks  to  your  Detachment 
You  will  divide  with  Capt  Lyalls 
To  Capl  Brown. 

28  August  1777 
Sir 

Inclosed  you  will  receive  a  Copy  of  orders  I  this 
moment  received  from  his  Excelency  the  President 
please  to  peruse  it  observe  the  contents  and  do  all  in 
your  power  to  have  them  imniediately  comply'd  with 
if  in  your  power  take  the  Command  your  self  if  not 
give  great  Charge  to  the  Commanding  officer  of  the 
Detachment  to  be  careful  of  the  Indians.  If  Mrs  May- 
son  is  not  Delivered  I  can  not  expect  you  to  go     I 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  455 

hope  Cap^  Caldwell  will  exert  himself  on  this  occasion 
as  I  inake  no  doubt  he  will  let  him  know  the  Gover'l? 
orders  on  that  head  and  my  earnest  request  to  have 
them  comply'd  with  &c-  Inclosed  you  have  a  New;? 
paper  I  this  moment  rec4  from  our  Major:  I  am 
much  better  then  when  I  wrote  to  you  last  Pleaise  to 
order  all  the  officers  and  men  (that  does  not  belong  to 
the  Detachment  brown  gave  up)  to  repair  to  Camp 
with  all  convenient  speed  Lieut  Crowders  and  Mascal 
is  both  ver}^  sick  at  Camp     I  am 

—Sir 

Yours  Hble  Servt 
To  Colonel  James  Mayson  W.  T. 

near 

Ninety  Six 

■      15tii  September  1777 
Sir 

You  will  please  order  50  horse  men  &  50  foot 
men  Properly  officer'd  to  Guard  Ninety  Six  goal  or 
any  other  service  that  may  be  required  of  them,  all 
the  Remainder  of  the  Two  Detachments  you  will  or- 
der to  Camp  with  the  officers,  Please  to  order  Lieut 
Thomson  down  as  I  have  Provided  a  Place  in  Town 
for  him  (that  is  School)  Please  send  after  any  De- 
serters you  hear  of  Belonging  to  our  Regiment  or  any 
other  of  our  States  Regiments 

I  am  Sir  Your  most  Huble 
W.  T. 
LI  Coif'  James  Mayson  Sen^; 

15th  September  1777-- 
Sir 

I  came  yesterday  from  Town  after  being  there 
S  days  in  the  hottest  weather  T  ever  felt  Endeavouring 
to  get  Cloths  for  my  men.     Bought  cloth  a  £15  ^  yd 


456  THE  HISTORY  OF 

&  Scarlet  I)'.'  a  £25  ^  yd  hope  to  he  able  to  Clothe  thern 
Compleatly  as  soon  as  Capt  Hatten  Arrives,  who  went 
to  France  for  Clothing  for  the  Sohlier.s  —  the  Assem- 
bly has  Voted  that  the  Soldiers  should  have  1  Coat  I 
Jacote  1  ^  Breeches  2  Shirts  2  ^  Stockings  2  ^  Shoes 
1  Black  Cravat  and  1  Blanket  each  year.  I  hope  this 
Ample  Provision  for  Soldiers  will  make  some  that  are 
like  to  Lay  cold  this  winter  list  in  our  Regiment — 
I  saw  the  Pay  Master  in  Town  he  told  me  he  had  but 
seven  Returns,  I  am  sorry  to  see  that  my  request  to 
the  officers  has  been  treated  with  Disreguard  1  saw  an 
order  from  you  on  the  same  head  as  Little  Noticed  1 
should  be  sorry  to  See  in  my  Orderly  Book  any  orders 
that  would  not  be  a  credit  to  them  whom  I  ^o  much 
Esteem  —  John  James  Haig  is  appointed  Our  Pay 
Master.  I  shall  send  to  Town  with  the  other  Returns 
as  soon  as  they  come  to  hand  and  the  Money  shall  go 
up  as  soon  as  Posible,  Pray  excuse  me  in  answering 
your  Letters  in  full  as  I  am  very  unwell  I  had  the 
fever  Friday  with  heat  &  Fatigue  Lt.  Crowther  has 
been  very  sick  but  is  recouverd  &  is  well  Mr,  Richard- 
son told  me  he  had  sent  you  the  Papers  or  I  Should 

I  am  Sir  Yr  Huble  — 
To  Sevt        W.  T. 

Lt-  Col"  James  Mayson 

Camp  at  Orange  burgh  2  Ocf  1778 

Sir 

In  consequence  of  a  copy  of  your  Orders  for- 
warded to  me  by  Coh'  Huger  dated  17^1'  September  — 
I  joined  the  first  Detachment  under  Capt  F  Warley 
the  24th  at  this  Place  —  on  the  25^1^  Capt  Browns  De- 
tachment arrived  at  the  same  place  from  Nelsons 
Ferry  —  On  the  1^*  Inst:  arrived  Col"  Mayson  with 
the  Remainder  of  my  Regt  all  safe  —  &  at  10  oclock 


ORANGEBURQ  COUNTY,  457 

yesterday  evening  Your  orders  ^  Express  of  26th 
tSept^'came  to  hand  which  I  shall  immediately  Comply 
with 

I  am  with  Esteem 

Sir  Yours  &C« 

RS. 

I  am  sorry  to  acquaint  you  that  from  the  be- 
haviour of  Lt  Taggart  to  and  at  this  place  I  have  been 
under  the  Necessity  of  Putting  him  under  arrest  — - 
To 

The  HonWe  m.  G.  Howe 

Camp  at  Orangeburgh  20  N  1778 
Sir 

On  the  Cover  of  M  General  Howes  orders  I  Re- 
ceived a  line  from  you  of  the  27^^  i^g  Informing  me  I 
should  Renew  Orders  from  You  &  General  Howe  — 
the  Latter  is  come  to  hand  Perhaps  the  Express  may 
have  lost  your  orders  to  me  as  they  are  not  as  yet  ar- 
rived 

The  River  in  our  Neighborhood  has  been  Exceeding 
high  and  done  as  much  Damage  The  Particulars  of 
which  I  have  not  time  at  Present  to  Mention 

I  am  Sirs  Yrs  &C<* 
To 
Col"  Isac  Huger 

Camp  Orangeburgh  3^^  October  1778 
Sir 

You  are  to  take  post  with  the  Detachment  un- 
der your  Command  at  or  near  the  Place  where  Capt 
Smith  lately  encamp'd  fully  empowered  to  remove 
that  post  to  one  that  may  keep  the  inhabitants  &  their 
monys  secure  from  the  inrodes  &  Deprodations  of 
such  unlawfull  Banditty  as  may  cross  Savannah  River 
keeping  out  scouting  parties  to  Aid  the  Disaffected, 


458  THE  HISTORY  OF 

and  Protect  those  citizens  who  are  well  affected  iii 
their  Persons  &  Propertys  You  will  use  every  effort  in 
Your  Power  to  cut  off  all  Intercourse  &  Connection 
between  the  inhabitants  of  this  State  and  those  of 
East  Florida,  and  should  such  persons  fall  into  your 
hands,  or  into  the  hands  of  those  under  Your  Com- 
mand you  will  in  that  case  act  agreeable  to  the  Laws 
of  the  land  &  articles  of  war  You  will  give  such  aid 
to  the  Civil  Authority  &  to  the  Militia  as  may  Crush  & 
subdue  at  every  Hazzard  Those  Publick  Disturbers  of 
Peace  &  good  order  You  will  keep  up  the  strictest 
Dicipline  &  take  the  greatest  care  of  the  arms  of  those 
Men  under  Your  Command  &  see  they  Do  not  w'ant  or 
Destroy  their  Clothing  and  amunition  Those  crimes 
are  not  to  Escape  Your  Notice  or  go  unpunish'd  you 
are  to  take  great  care  you  are  not  surpris'd  in  Your 
encampment  having  always  your  Arms  k  accoutre- 
ments Ready  &  well  prepared  tit  for  action 

Should  you  Receive  any  Intellegence  of  Consequence 
You  are  immediately  to  Transmit  it  to  head  Quarters 
&  I  should  strongly  ]'ecommend  that  once  in  Ten  days 
the  parties  from  Capt"*  Browns  &  Smiths  Detach- 
ments may  meet  &  give  each  other  such  Intelligence 
as  may  Contribute  much  to  the  advantage  of  the  Ser- 
vice You  are  sent  upon,  and  at  the  same  time  inform- 
ing me  or  the  Command:g  officer  in  Camp,  that  I,  or 
he  may  give  orders  accordingly  You  will  keep  an 
Exact  Jurnal  of  Your  proceedings  which  will  accom- 
pany your  letters  in  order  that  Government  may  be 
guarded  against  such  applications  as  will  l)e  made  by 
Persons  who  in  Corse  of  Service  will  Complain 

I  am  Sir  Your  Most 
Obt      W.  T 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  459 

Orangeburgh  3^1  Octi'  1778 

Sir 

InclosVl  You  will  please  receive  the  Commis- 
sions of  Lieutenants  Hart  &  Thomson  the  Two  Eldest 
Lieutenants  in  my  Regiment  whose  Resignation  is 
owing  to  the  new  Establish'^  taking  place  in  the  army 
which  Deprives  them  of  Captains  Rank  according  to  the 
old  one  allso  Lt  Crowthers  Commission  who  is  going 
into  Tritde  Cap*;*^  Brown  and  Hopkins  with  2  Lieut^  4 
Sergt*^  &  65  Rank  &  file  March  this  morning  for  Silver 
Bluff  on  Savannah  River  &  Capt^;  Smith  &  Jas:  War- 
ley  with  the  same  number  of  officers  &  men  for  Sa- 
vannah River  near  Mathews'  Bluff  with  such  orders  to 

them  Respectively  as  you  have  ordered I  shall 

Indeavour  to  send  the  Return  of  the  Military  Stores 
in  a  few  Days. 

1  am  w^ii  great  Respect 
Sir  Yours  &Cc 
To 
His  Excellency  M  G  Howe 
Town 

Orangeburgh  3»i  Oct';  1778 — - 

Sir 

By  the  inclosed  Roster  of  my  Regiment  you  will 
find  that  I  have  now^  only  ten  Companies  the  Comp-V^ 
of  the  Late  having  Distributed  Capt"*^  R  Goodwyn  & 
Maskall  1  agreeable  to  the  new  Establishment,  I  have 
sent  off  this  Morning  two  Detachments  consisting 
each  of  2  Cap^^  2  Subalterns  4  Serg«  &  65  Rank  &  file 
one  for  Silver  Bluff  &  the  other  for  Matthews  Bluff  on 
Savannah. 

You  will  please  observe  that  in  several  of  the  Pay 
Bills  now  sent  Down  that  there  have  been  njany  men 
omitted  to  be  Returned  for,  owing  entirely  to  some  off 


460  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ours  being  so  often  Detach'd  from  their  Companies 

I  am  w^ii  Great  Respect 
To  Yours  &Cc 

His  Excellency 
Rowlen  Lownds  Esqi" 
President  &  Comm';  in  chief 
in  &  for  the  State  So  Carole n a 

Orangebargh  8<J  Oef  1778 
Sir 

This  morning  agreeabe  to  GenJ.  Howes  Orders 
1  sent  off  Two  Detachments  each  of  2  Captains  2  Siib'j^ 
4  Sargeants  &  65  Rank  &  file  for  Silver  Bluff  &  Mat- 
thews Bluff  on  Savannah  River.  Capt  Rich^  Browo 
Commands  one  &  Capt  John  Carraway  Smith  the 
other  —  in  a  few  day  T  shall  make  you  a  Monthly  Re- 
turn of  the  Regiment  also  a  Return  of  the  Militar3^ 
Stores  belong  to  it  — 
To 

Colo  Isaac  Hoger 

Camp  Orangeburgh  19  Octf  1778 
Sir 

Inclos'd  you  have  a  Monthly  Return  of  my  Reg- 
iment up  to  the  16th  Instant  allso  a  Return  of  the 
arms  &  accoutrements  with  a  Return  of  the  Stores  as 
far  as  it  is  in  my  Power  to  make  it  at  Present  —  one 
of  the  Villians  who  Roli'd  this  place  is  now  in  goal  — 
If  I  am  Rightly  inform'd  Seven  More  of  the  Same 
gang  will  never  do  any  more  Mischief —  I  have  Like- 
wise Inclosed  the  Charge  against  Lt  Taggart.  I  should 
be  glad  you'd  left  me  know  whether  the  Dochester 
guard  is  to  I)e  Returned  from  Town  or  from  here 
To  I  am  Sir  Your  Most 

Col  I  Huger  Humble  Servt:        W  T 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  461 

Oi-angebnrgh  19^^^  October  1778 

Sir 

IiiclosM  You  have  a  Return  of  my  Reg\  up  to 
the  IGt'^  Inst;  Chavis  one  of  the  Villians  who  was  at 
the  Robery  of  this  place  is  now  in  goal,  &  If  I  am 
Rightly  informed  then  Seven  more  of  the  same  gang 
will  never  do,  commit  any  more  Roberys,  which  ha^ 
Pritty  well  Quieted  the  Disturbances  at  Present,  when 
I  came  to  this  place  it  seemed  to  be  in  great  Confu- 
tion  it  was  hard  Judging  between  Whigg  &  Tory, 
which  was  best 

My  Orders  when  I  came  here  was  to  Protect  the 
Civill  Power,  but  I  could  find  more  to  Protect,  on  the 
whole  thing  Seem  to  be  more  Settled  in  these  Parts 
than  ever  they  were  Since  our  Troubles  First  began  I 
hope  to  be  in  Town  Next  Week,  when  I  will  do  myself 
the  pleasure  of  waiting  on  You  &  giving  you  further 
Particulars 

To  His  Excellency  Sign'd  W.  T- 

R  Lowns 

Amelia  23<^  Octi'  1778 
Dear  Sir 

I  gladly  Rec^?  Yours  of  20*^^  Inst;  I  am 
Sorry  to  find,  that  heathen  like  Piinciple  Still  Re- 
maining in  the  inhabitants  of  the  frontiers  knowing 
to  be  the  beginners  of  all  Comotions  w^i^  the  Indians, 
Save  that  of  76  with  Cherokees,  I  have  sent  orders  to 
Capt  Brown  to  furnish  you  w^^^  as  great  a  number  of 
men,  as  he  can  spare  only  leaving  a  small  guard  at  the 
Passes  —  &  Should  Capt  Brow^n  not  be  able  to  Spai'e 
you  a  sufficient  number  you  w^ill  Please  apply  to  Capt 
Sniith  at  or  near  Matthews  Bluff  for  20  men  having 
wrote  to  Capt  Smith,  that  should  you  apply  for  that 
number  to  Send  them  immediately  —  I  should  think 


462  THE  HISTORY  OF 

myself  happy  in  Corresponding  with  you  when  ever  it 
may  be  Convenient 

I  am  D  S  Your  Most 

Hmhl  Servt:  W  T 

Geo  Golphin  Esqr: 

Amelia  23^^  October  1778 

1).  Sir 

I  Uec^  Yonrs  of  the  19th  Jnst:  wtii  the  Iletnro 
of  Your  Detachment.  &  am  Exceeding  glad  to  hear 

you  are  well If  Mr  Golphiu  should  apply  for  a 

Guard  to  go  to  Ogeechie  with  him  yonl  Please  furnish 
him  with  all  you  can  Spare  leaving  a  sufficient  num- 
ber to  guard  the  Passes  —  My  complements  to  all  the 
officers 

I  am  D  S  Yrs  &Cc 
C.  R.  Brown  W.  T 

Amelia  23'^  October  1 778 

Sir 

1  have  not  had  the  Pleasure  of  hearing  from  you 
Since  you  left  Camp,  tho  Expect  to  hear  ))y  the  Pay 

Master Should  M''  Golphin  apply  to   you  for 

any  number  of  men  not  Exceeding  20  Youl  Please 
send  them  Immediately  My  compliments  to  all  the 
officers 

1  am  Sir  Yrs  &Cc 
Capt  Jno  C  Smith  W  T 

Camp  at  Orangeburgh  21^*  October  1778 — 
Sir 

You  will  Proceed  with  the  party  under  Your 
Command  to  Morrises  Ford  on  North  Fork  of  Edistoe 
River,  when  there,  You  will  do  your  utmost  indeav- 
ours  to  Cut  off  all  Intercourse  &  Communication  be- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  46o 

tween  the  inhabitants  of  this  State  &  those  of  East 
Florida  and  take  up  &  send  to  me  all  Suspected  Per- 
sons at  or  near  your  Post  likewise  to  inform  me  of  any 
Matter  that  is  going  on  any  where  else,  or  any  thing 
else  that  may  come  within  Your  Knowledge  besides 
Your  Post  that  will  be  of  any  Service  or  Disservice  to 
this  State  —  If  any  of  the  above  mention'd  Persons 
should  fall  into  Your  hands,  you  will  send  them  here 
under  a  strong  guard,  You  will  Remain  at  or  near  S*^ 
Post  until  further  Orders 

Sign'd        W  T 


To 


Lt  Chas  M  Clenney 

Amelia  29t^»  October  1778 


Sir 


You  wrote  me  some  time  past  that  the  Blank- 
etts  &  other  Clothing  the  Remainder  of  what  is  Due. 
to  the  3^1  Regiment  was  Ready  for  them  I  have  Sent  a 
waggon  for  them  —  Please  to  deliver  them  to  Corpor- 
al Daniel  Shannon 

I  should  have  come  to  Town  but  hear  it  is  very 
Sickly  in  town  I  shall  Refir  coming  untill  Froast 
Please  to  Send  me  a  Bill  of  what  you  Deliver  to  the 
corporal  —  If  there  is  any  thing  more  than  what  I 
have  had  from  you,  due  or  that  I  may  have  a  right  to 
Receive  out  of  the  Publick  Store 

Please  to  Receive  it  for  me  and  You  will  much 
oblige 

Your  Most  Obdt.  Servt 
To  Sign'd         W.  T- 

Jno  Sandaford  Dart  Esqi' 

Clothes  Gen\  for  State  of 
So  Carolina 


464  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Amelia  3>'t^  November  1778 
Sir/ 

I  Received  Yours  of  the  30*^'  this  day  about  one 
Oclock  with  the  dispatches  from  the  Governor  &  Ma- 
jor Genl  How,  I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  Comply- 
ing with  part  of  them  in  Sending  the  Men  with  Can- 
non; Please  to  Enquire  amongst  the  Men  &  Know  who 
of  them  has  Horses  within  one  or  two  days  Travel  of 
the  Camps,  send  them  for  them  that  we  may  he  able 
to  comply  with  the  other  Order  in  Gen''.  How*t  Dis- 
patches. 

T  should  have  been  at  Orangeburgb  on  Monday,  but 
one  of  my  Children  has  been  Til  with  the  fever,  which 
has  never  Intermitted  this  Eight  days,  as  soon  as  She 
gets  bettor  1  shall  be  at  Camp. 

Please  to  send  a  man  with  the  Inclosed  to  Captains 
Brown  &  Smith  as  soon  as  Possible  and  the  one  t(» 
Lieut.  Mf'Gines 

1  am 

Yours  &C 
(True  Copy)     William  Thomson 
To 
CaptV  John  Donaldson 

Amelia  S''^  November  177S 

Sir 

When  Colonel  Williamson  Requires,  you  and 
The  detachment  (or  any  part  of  them)  under  Your 
Command  You  are  to  aid  &  Co  operate  with  him. 

I  am  Yours  &Cc 
(A  True  Copy)  W"'  Thomson 

Amelia  ^^'^  November  1778 
Sir 

When  Colonel  Williamson   Requires,  you  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  465 

the  detachment  (or  any   part  of  theiu)   under  Your 
Command,  you  are  to  aid  &  Co  operate  with  him. 

I  am 
A  True  Copy  Yours  &C: 

Sign,d  William  Thomson 

To 

Captain  John  C:  Smith 

Amelia  3i<^  Noyi;  1778. 
Sir/ 

On  Receipt  of  this  You  are  to  March  The  Men 
Under  Your  Command  to  Camp  having  A  Guard  of  a 
Sergant  &  five  Men  in  as  private  a  place  as  possible, 
let  them  be  men  that  you  can  depend  upon,  with  or- 
ders to  follow  you  to  Camp  in  six  days  after  you  leave 
them,  if  they  make  no  Discoveries,  leave  with  the  Ser- 
gant the  same  orders  you  received  upon  that  Com- 
mand. 

I  am  Yours  &C: 

Signed  W»i  Thomson 

A  True  Coppy 
To  Lieutt  McGines* 

Sectton  4.     Other  Coj/fhieutals  fro}n   OratHjdmrgh  Dis- 
trict. 

It  has  been  stated  that  the  3rd  regiment  (Thom- 
son's) of  regulars  contained  many  Orangeburgh  men. 
The  1st  regiment  (Gadsden's,  C.  C.  Pinckney's)  also 
contained  some  Orangeburgh  men,  for  Rev.  C.  C.  Pinck- 

*The  foregoing  is  a  copy  of  Colonel  William  Thomson's  Order  Book, 
owned,  and  loaned  to  me,  by  Judge  A.  C  Haskell.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  several  pages,  it  was  copied  by  me,  and  I  certify  that  this  is  a 
true  copy  of  said  book. 

Susan  Richardson  Guignard, 
Columbia,  S.  C,  Member  D.  A.  R. 

Jan.  2Stii,  1S98. 


466  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ney,  D.  D,,  says,  in  his  ''Lite  of  Thomas  Pinckney", 
page  27,  that  as  soon  as  Captain  Thomas  Pinckney  was 
authorized  to  enlist  men,  in  July,  1775:  "He  at  once 
determined  to  fill  up  the  ranks  of  his  company,  and 
went  to  Orangeburg  to  gather  recruits.  As  soon  as 
he  had  obtained  the  requisite  number  of  fifty  men,  his 
military  knowledge  was  put  into  requisition",  &c. 
And  again,  on  page  48,  Dr.  Pinckney  says:  "Recruit- 
ing formed  a  large  part  of  his  duty  during  these  earlier 
years  of  the  war.  He  had  already  visited  Orangeburg, 
and  enlisted  three  fourths  of  his  own  company  in  that 
district."* 

And,  in  passing,  it  is  well  to  relate  that  when  Gen- 
eral Armstrong  visited  the  South  in  1776  to  inspect 
the  Continental  troops,  his  brigade-major  (Conner) 
"pronounced  the  first  South  Carolina  regiment  the 
best  disciplined  on  the  continent." 

When  the  first  three  regiments  of  regulars  were 
formed  in  June,  1775,  Isaac  Huger,  who  owned  a  plan- 
tation in  St.  Mathew's  Parish,  and  had  several  times 
represented  that  Parish  in  the  Coloilial  Assembly,  was, 
on  June  3rd,  elected  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  1st  regi- 
ment. It  is  likely  that  his  influence  took  some  Orange- 
burgh  men  into  that  regiment. 


*And  here  it  may  be  interesting  to  add  that  he  visited  Orangeburgh 
Distriet  several  times  before  the  war  ended,  for  in  1779  he  attended 
Court  in  Orangeburgh,  and  successfully  defended  some  prisoners  who 
had  erred  through  ignorance  of  military  law.  And  we  should  also 
judge  that  he  had  been  attending  court  at  the  Motte  plantation, 
since  in  the  same  year  he  was  married  to  Miss.  Ehzabeth  Motte.  And 
again,  after  tlie  battle  of  Camden,  where  he  was  wounded  and  cap- 
tured, he  rei3aired,  under  parole,  to  the  Motte  place  to  recuperate  and 
be  nursed. 


GEN.  ISAAC  HUGEK. 


FKOM  AN  OLD  PKINT. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  467 

In  addition  to  the  four  regiments  raised  in  1775,  two 
regiments  of  riflemen  were  voted  in  Februarj%  1776. 
Lieut.  Col.  Isaac  Huger,  of  the  1st  regiment,  was  made 
Colonel  of  the  first  regiment  of  rifles,  which  was,  in 
July  of  that  j-ear,  taken  into  the  Continental  service, 
and  thenceforward  known  as  the  5th  regiment  of 
South  Carolina  Continentals.  It  is  also  likel}^  that  Col. 
Huger*  had  some  Orangeburgh  men  with  him  in  that 
regiment. 

Although  we  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  of  the 
rolls  of  any  of  the  companies  of  the  Continental  line, 
we  have  extracted  from  a  pension  roll,  dated  as  late  as 
1840,  the  following  names  of  Revolutionary  soldiers  of 
the  Continental  Establishment  from  Orangeburgh  Dis- 
trict: 

Orange  Parish. 

Leven  Argrove, 

Hugh  Phillips, 

Andrew  Houser, 

Erasmus  Gibson, 

St.  Mathew's  Parish. 
Adam  Garick. 

Barnwell. 
Tarleton  Brown, 
Jesse  Griffen, 
Daniel  O'Dom, 
Henry  B.  Rice. 

*Col.  Huger  was  appointed  brigadier  general  January  9,  1777. 


468  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Section  5.     The  Local  Militia. 

Besides  those  who  fought  in  the  regular  service, 
Orangeburgh  District  furuished  many  men  to  the  mili- 
tia branch  of  the  service.  In  the  early  days  of  the 
war  militia  companies  were  formed  in  every  section  of 
the  Colony.  Their  rolls  w^ere  sent  down  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Safety  by  whom  they  w^ere  generally  approved 
and  their  officers  commissioned,  and  the  companies 
assigned  to  regiments. 

In  1775  the  militia  of  the  Province  consisted  of  thir- 
teen regiments,  nearly  every  officer  of  which,  and  the 
large  majority  of  the  men  of  which,  signed  the  Associ- 
ation. 

The  Orangeburgh  District  regiment  had  William 
Thomson  for  its  colonel,  Christopher  Rowe  for  its  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  Lewis  Golson  for  its  major.*  The 
lower  district  between  the  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers, 
the  greater  part  of  which  was  in  Orangeburgh  Dis- 
trict,  had  a  regiment  of  which    Robert  Starke  was 

colonel,  Moses  Kirkland,  lieutenant-colonel,  and 

Tyrrel,  major.  After  Colonel  Thomson  was  made  col- 
onel of  the  3rd  regiment  of  regulars  (Rangers),  the 
command  of  the  Orangeburgh  District  regiment  de- 
volved upon  Rowe,  though  Col.  Thomson  seems  to 
have  exercised  a  sort  of  supervision  over  it,  and,  in 
the  back  country  expeditions  in  1775,  spoke  of  it  as, 
"my  regiment  of  militia."f  And  during  the  siege  of 
Charlestown,  and  after  his  exchange,  he  probably  re- 
sumed command  of  the  regiment. 

On  November  21st,  1775,  the  Provincial  Congress 
adopted  the  following  resolution:     "That  all  corps  of 

*Drayton's  Memoirs,  Vol.  I,  page  353. 

fin  a  letter  to  the  Council  of  Safety,  dated  Nov.  28,  1775,  Col.  Thom- 
son stated  that  three  of  the  militia  companies  existed  in  liis  inniiedi- 
ate  neighborhood. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  469 

Regulars  take  precedence  of  all  corps  of  Militia,  and 
that  the  regiments  of  Militia  shall  take  precedence 
in  the  following  manner:  1.  Berkeley  County.  2. 
Charles  Town.  3.  Granville  County.  4.  Colleton 
County.  5.  Craven  County,  the  lower  part.  6.  Orange- 
burg. 7.  Craven  County,  the  upper  part.  8.  Camden. 
9.  Ninety-Six,  north  of  the  Fish  Dam  Ford  and  be- 
tween Enoree,  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers.  10.  The 
New  Acquisition,  south  of  the  Fish  Dam  Ford  and  be- 
tween Broad  and  Saludy  Rivers,  north  of  Enoree  and 
between  Broad  and  Saludy  Rivers." 

In  the  Provincial  Congress  on  March  23rd,  1776,  it 
was  resolved:  "That  the  fork  between  Saluda  and 
Broad  Rivers,  be  divided  into  three  regiments,  accord- 
ing to  the  division  of  districts  by  the  resolve  of  Con- 
gress of  the  9th  February  last;  one  regiment  in  each 
of  the  districts."  The  lower  or  "Dutch  Fork",  regi- 
ment was  probably  commanded  by  Col.  Jonas  Beard, 
as  we  find,  by  a  letter  to  Gen.  Moultrie,  dated  April 
6th,  1778,  mention  made  by  President  Lownrdes  of 
"Col  Beard"  and  his  regiment  of  militia  at  "the  Con- 
garees." 

The  niilitia  of  South  Carolina  were,  on  March  28th, 
1778,  divided  into  three  brigades,  commanded  by  Gen- 
erals Stephen  Bull,  Richard  Richardson,  Sr.,  and  An- 
drew Williamson,  respectively.  Gen.  Richardson  lived 
in  the  Parish  of  St.  Mark's,  which  was  across  the  San- 
tee  from  Orangeburgh  Distiict,  and  Gen.  Williamson 
lived  in  Ninety-Six  District  adjoining  Orangeburgh 
District  on  the  North,  and  it  is  therefore  likely  that 
the  bulk  of  the  militia  of  Orangeburgh  District  be- 
longed to  these  brigades,  though  some  belonged  to 
Bull's  brigade  as  is  shown  by  Tarleton  Brown  in  his 
"Memoirs."* 

*B.v  the  "Return  of  tlie  Difterent  Detachments  on  duty  at  Savan- 
nah in  Georgia,  under  the  Command  of  Colonel  Stephen  Bull",  we 


470  THE  HISTORY  OF 

After  the  fall  of  Cliarlestown,  (leiieral  Richardson 
having  previously  resigned,*  General  Bull  having  been 
paroled  by  the  British,  and  General  Williamson  hav- 
ing taken  British  protection,  Governor  Rutledge  com- 
missioned Colonels  Thomas  Sumter,  Francis  Marion 
and  vVndrew  Pickens  as  brigadiers  of  militia.  Subse- 
quently John  Barnwell  was  made  a  brigadier  of  mili- 
tia; and  it  said  that  Col.  James  Williams  had  just  re- 
ceived a  brigadier's  commission  when  killed  at  King's 
Mountains. 

These  officers  were  each  given,  by  Governor  Rut- 
ledge,  military  jurisdiction  over  a  certain  territory. 
In  his  proclamation  of  August  5th,  1781,  Governor 
Rutledge  warns  all  persons  holding  any  property  of 
the  enemy  'to  deliver  it  to  the  brigadier  general  of 
the  district  in  which  it  is";  and  again  in  his  proclama- 
tion of  September  27th,  1781,  he  stated  that  "the  sev- 
eral brigadiers  of  militia"  had  been  ordered  to  perform 
certain  functions  "within  their  respective  districts". 

It  is  probable  that  a  part  of  Orangeburgh  District — 
the  upper  and  western  sections — was  in  Pickens's  mili- 
tia district,  and  the  western  part,  from  the  North  Ed- 
isto  to  the  Santee,  in  Sumter's  militia  district. 

These  militia  brigades  were  very  well  organized  and 
rendered  valuable  service,  but  as  the  militia  law  was 
quite  lax,  the  men  dispersed  to  their  plantations  at 
pleasure,  and  only  assembled  in  times  of  great  public 
danger,  or  when  there  was  a  chance  of  a  fight.  The 
result  of  this  was  that  a  brigade  was  often  reduced  to 
the  size  of  a  company.     This  free  and  easy,  come  and 


learn  that  1  captain,  1  lieutenant,  2  sergeants,  1  druninier  and  24  pri- 
vates of  the  New  Windsor  company,  and  1  captain  and  H  privates  of 
tlie  Upper  Three  Runs  company  were  present  at  Savannaii  on  March 
15th,  1776,  soon  after  the  British  attack  on  tiiat  place. 
*He  died  soon  after  resigning. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  471 

go  method  of  campaigning  has  induced  many  writers 
to  apply  the  term  ''partisan  militia"  to  the  brigades  of 
Sumter,  Marion  and  Pickens;  but  is  a  mistake  to  sup- 
pose that  these  were  Robin  Hood  sort  of  bands.  They 
were  regularly  established  militia  brigades  with  Gov- 
ernor Rutledge's  power  and  authority  behind  them. 
And  Governor  Rutledge's  power  and  authority  ema- 
nated from  the  State  legislature,  and,  therefore,  from 
the  people. 

But  there  were  many  militia  companies  that  acted 
independently  at  times  of  the  regiments  and  brigades 
to  which  they  belonged,  and  without  any  special  au- 
thority from  a  superior  officer.  There  are  many  in- 
teresting traditions  concerning  several  of  these  militia 
companies  of  Orangeburgh  District. 

One  of  them  was  commanded  by  Captain  Jacob 
Rumph,  who  lived  about  five  miles  above  Orangeburg 
village.  It  probably  formed  a  part  of  Rowe's  regi- 
ment. It  is  said  to  have  marched  to  Savannah,  in 
17*78,  to  join  the  American  army  in  besieging  that 
town,  but  arrived  too  late,  the  siege  having  been 
abandoned. 

Mr.  C.  M.  McMichael,  of  this  County  says  that  his 
father,  Jacob  McMichael.*  has  often  related  to  him 
many  of  the  exploits  of  Rumph's  company  which  had 
been  related  to  him  by  Lieut.  Wannamaker,  and  says 
that  his  father  has  often  pointed  out  to  him  the  spot 
whereon  Rumph's  house  stood,  and  also  a  large  oak 
whereon  he  said  Rumph  hung  many  Tories.  His 
father  was  a  boy  of  10  or  12  during  the  Revolution, 
and  lived  not  many  miles  from  Capt.  Rumph,  and  he 
further  related  to  Mr.  McMichael  that  Rumph  had  a 
"bull  pen"  wherein  he  kept  his  prisoners. 

Leaving  tradition  and  returning  to  records,  it  is  a 

*Wliose  first  wife  was  a  niece  of  Capt.  Runipli,  and  a  daughter  of 
Lieut.  Wannamaker'  of  Rumph's  company. 


472  THE  HISTORY  OF 

certaint}^  that  Capt  Runipli  still  coiiiiuaiicled  acoinpa- 
ny  of  militia  in  Orangeburgh  District  in  1784,  as  will 
1)6  seen  by  the  following  extract  from  Judge  O'Neall's 
"Bench  and  Bar  of  South  Carolina",  page  341: 
"November,  1784. 
"Mr.  Justice  Hey  ward. 

"On  motioi]  of  Mr.  Sheriff,  ordered  that  Capt.  Jacob 
Humph  do  immediately  send  six  men,  out  of  his  com- 
pany, to  guard  the  gaol  for  the  space  of  seven  days; 
and  that,  after  the  expiration  of  seven  days,  ordered 
that  Capt.  Henry  Felder  do  relieve  the  aforesaid  six 
men  with  six  men  from  his  company,  to  continue 
seven  days;  and  that,  after  said  term,  Capt.  Rumph 
shall  again  send  the  same  compliment  of  men  to  re- 
lieve Capt.  Felders  men,  and  so  each  to  relieve  the 
other  alternately,  until  the  prisoners  now  confined  in 
gaol,  and  under  sentence  of  death,  be  executed  accord- 
ing to  sentence,  or  otherwise  disposed  of."  (From 
Circuit  Court  records.) 

Below  is  a  roll  of  Capt  Rumph's  company.  It  was 
first  published  in  the  Clayton,  Alabama,  Baiuia',  and 
had,  it  is  said,  been  furnished  that  paper  by  the 
holder  of  the  original  roll.  A  copy  of  the  published 
roll  was  sent  to  the  Sonfhron,  a  newspaper  published 
in  Orangeburg  about  1860,  by  the  late  Capt  A.  Govan 
Salley,  and  it  was  republished  in  the  Southron  on  Sep- 
tember 10,  1861,  with  the  remark  that  the  editor  had 
"no  doubt  of  its  authenticity",  and  that  it  was  "worthy 
of  remark  that  after  the  lapse  of  three-quarters  of  a 
century,  the  names,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  still 
exist  among  the  present  inhabitants  of  Orangeburg 
District."  The  writer  then  adds:  "The  following  are 
the  names  of  Capt  Jacob  Rumph's  men  who  fought  the 
Tories  of  South  Carolina  in  1783,  Orangeburg  District, 
commanded  by  Col  Wm  Russell  Thomson." 

The  writer  was  wrong  in  giving  the  date  1783,  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


473 


he  also  probably  mixed  W'."  Russell  Thomson  up  with 
Wm.  Thomson,  his  father. 

Jacol)  Rumph,  Captain 
Jacob  Wannamaker,  1st  Lt.  Lewis  Golson  Sergeant 


John  Golson,  2nd  Lt. 
Frederick  Snell 
John  Cooke 
Henry  Whestone, 

(Whetstone) 
Peter  Snell 
John  Moorer 
John  Ditchell 
Paul  Strom  an 
Jacob  Riser 
Abrani  Miller 
John  Lemmerman, 

(Zimmerman) 
John  Whestone, 

(Whetstone) 
Michael  Zigler,  (Zeigler) 
Peter  Pound 
John  Ott 
David  Rumph 
John  Rumph 
John  Hoober,  (Hoover) 
John  Densler,  (Dantzler) 
John  Miller 
Henr}^  Wannamaker 
John  Amaka 
Michael  Larey, 
George  Ryly,  (Riley) 
John  Amaka 
John  Brown 
Daniel  Bowden 
Wni  Hall 


David  Gisendanner,  Clerk 
Jesse  Pearson 
Jacob  Amaka 
Jacob  Hoegar,  (Horger) 

Christian  Inabnet 
George  Shingler 
Anthony  Robinson 
John  Cooney,  (Cooner) 
Jacob  Strom  an 
John  Deremus,  (Deramus) 
Jacob  Cooney,  (Cooner) 

Thomas  Aberhart 

John  Strom  an 

Nicholas  Dill 

Peter  Staley 

Nicholas  Rickenbacker 

Nicholas  Hulong,  (Herlong) 

John  Inabnet 

John  Houk 

Jacob  Rickenbacker 

Robert  Bayley,  (Baily) 

Arthur  Barrot 

Frederick  Burtz 

Peter  Crouk,  (Crook) 

Martin  Grambik 

John  Dudley 

John  Rickenbacker 

Isaac  Lester 


474  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Benj.  Collar,  (Culler)  Henry  Lester 

Conrad  Crider  Henry  Strom  an 

Abram  Ott  John  Housliter 

The  company  is  said  to  have  numbered  seventy  men, 
but  it  is  evident  that  there  are  only  sixty-five  names 
on  the  above  list. 

Many  thrilling  stories  of  the  exploits  of  Rumph's 
daring  partisans  are  told  by  the  old  people  of  this  sec- 
tion, but,  while  many  of  them  are  no  doubt  ill-found- 
ed, or  badly  mixed  up  with  other  occurrences,  they  are 
worth  preserving,  and  perhaps  future  discoveries  in 
the  way  of  records  will  either  confirm  or  destroy  their 
truth. 

The  following  account  of  some  of  the  exploits  in 
which  Eumph's  company  was  engaged  is  taken  from 
the  Southern  Cabinet  for  1840.  The  article  is  signed 
"J.",  and  was  probably  written  by  Gen.  David  F.  Jami- 
son, of  Orangeburg,  a  grandson  of  Capt  Rumph,  who 
signed  most  of  his  articles  simply  "J": 

"After  the  siege  and  fall  of  Charleston  in  the  year 
1780,  and  the  shameful  violation  of  the  articles  of 
treaty  by  the  British  officers,  the  war  in  South  Caroli- 
na became  essentially  of  a  partisan  character.  The 
State  was  overrun,  but  not  subdued.  Bold  spirits 
arose  everywhere  to  assert  their  liberties,  and  they 
were  frequently  and  instantaneously  crushed  by  a 
powerful  and  unsparing  foe,  and  no  recollection  now 
survives  of  themselves  or  their  deeds;  but  not  all  of 
them  thus  perished.  One  fearful  contest  tradition  has 
preserved,  which  I  will  endeavor  to  record— a  struggle 
of  man  with  his  fellow  man,  a  pursuit,  a  pistol  shot 
and  a  death. 

"Capt  Jacob  Rumph,  (known  after  the  Revolution 
better  perhaps,  as  Gen  Rumph,)  of  Orangeburg  Dis- 
trict, was  the  commander  of  a  troop  of  cavalry  raised 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  475 

ill  his  neighborhood  to  protect  themselves  and  their 
families,  who  lost  no  occasion  of  aiding  their  friends 
or  annoying  their  enemies.  They  are  all  gone;  history 
has  not  recorded  their  names,  but  few  bolder  spirits 
struck  for  liberty  in  that  eventful  war.  Capt.  Rumph 
was  a  man  of  prodigious  size  and  strength,  of  great 
courage  and  coolness  in  the  hour  of  danger,  and 
though  of  a  harsh  and  imperious  disposition,  no  one 
was  better  fitted  for  the  command  of  the  hardy  and 
intrepid  men  who  composed  his  corps.  They  were 
usually  dispersed  at  their  ordinary  avocations  on  their 
farms,  but  they  united  at  a  moment's  warning  from 
their  leader. 

"Not  long  after  Charleston  was  taken  by  the  British 
Capt.  Rumph  was  returning  with  two  of  his  wagons, 
which  had  been  sent  to  (Tiarleston  with  produce  in 
charge  of  a  Dutchman  named  Houselighter,  and  while 
slowly  riding  in  company  with  his  wagons  on  a  small 
but  strong  horse,  his  mind  gloomily  brooding  over  the 
oppressed  and  almost  hopeless  condition  of  South  Car- 
olina, he  had  reached  a  large  pond,  on  what  is  now 
called  the  old  road,  about  seven  miles  below  the  vil- 
lage of  Orangeburg,  when  he  was  suddenly  roused  by 
the  approach  of  three  men  on  horseback,  whom  he  in- 
stantly recognized  as  his  most  deadly  foes.  They  were 
well  mounted,  and  armed  like  himself  with  sword  and 
pistol.  When  the  horsemen  had  reached  the  opposite 
side  of  the  road  to  Capt.  Rumph  they  halted  for  a  mo- 
ment and  would  have  approached  him  nearer,  but  he. 
placing  himself  in  the  best  posture  of  defence  he  could, 
called  out  to  them:  'Gentlemen,  stand  off — I  wish  to 
have  nothing  to  do  with  you!'  The  Tories,  for  such 
they  were,  surveyed  him  for  an  instant,  and  after  a 
short  conference  with  each  other,  to  Capt.  Rumph's 
great  relief,  rode  on,  and  soon  disappeared  at  the  next 
turn  of  the  road. 


476  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"Rumph,  though  he  saw  with  no  little  satisfaction 
that  the  Tories  had  passed  on,  yet  was  too  well  ac- 
quainted with  them  to  suppose  for  a  moment  that  he 
was  to  get  off  so  easily.  He  knew  very  well  that  the 
short  respite  they  had  thus  given  him  was  only  that 
with  an  increased  force  he  might  become  their  prey 
with  less  danger  to  themselves.  He  rightly  conjec- 
tured that  the  three  who  had  passed  him  on  the  road 
were  only  scouts  sent  to  apprehend  him  if  unarmed, 
and  who,  if  he  had  incautiously  suffered  them  to  ap- 
proach him,  would  have  shot  him  down  while  off  his 
guard.  Casting  his  eyes  about  a  moment  for  means  of 
escape  from  his  wily  foes,  the  danger  of  his  situation 
became  fully  apparent.  The  three  troopers  he  knew 
belonged  to  the  corps  of  the  sanguinary  Cuningham,  a 
part  of  which,  he  was  certain,  was  in  the  neighborhood, 
under  the  command  of  one  of  his  subaltern  officers, 
and  Capt.  Rumph,  after  carefully  surveying  his  situa- 
tion, became  fully  conscious  of  his  extreme  danger  of 
falling  into  the  hands  of  his  merciless  foes.  He  was 
mounted  upon  a  strong  but  slow  horse,  and  the 
thought  of  escape  on  horseback  was  abandoned  by 
him  without  hesitation.  He  was  armed  with  a  trusty 
cut  and  thrust  sword  and  a  brace  of  pistols,  but  it 
would  have  been  madness,  he  well  knew,  to  think  of 
exposing  himself  to  such  odds  as  he  was  sure  would  be 
brought  against  him.  There  was  no  time  to  be  lost. 
His  only  chance  of  escape  at  once  flashed  across  his 
mind,  and  he  immediately  set  about  executing  it.  He 
rode  his  horse  up  to  the  pond  already  mentioned,  and 
tied  him  fast  to  a  tree.  He  then  took  off  the  greater 
part  of  his  clothes  and  left  them  near  his  horse,  to  in- 
duce the  suspicion  that  he  had  concealed  himself  in 
that  pond.  But  that  was  very  far  from  his  real  inten- 
tion. Be  walked  in  the  water  near  the  margin  of  the 
pond  until  he  had  gained  the  side  opposite  to  which 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  477 

he  had  tethered  his  horse,  and,  choosing  with  some 
caution  the  place  at  which  he  could  best  leave  it,  he 
set  off  at  a  rapid  rate  through  the  pine  woods  for  home, 
a  distance  of  some  sixteen  miles. 

"In  the  meantime  the  three  troopers,  who,  as  Capt. 
Kumph  truly  supposed,  were  a  party  detached  to  seize, 
him  if  they  could,  returned  to  their  main  body,  con- 
sisting of  about  twenty  men  under  the  command  of 
Lieut.  Parker,  and  reported  the  situation  in  which  they 
had  left  Capt.  Rumph.  Without  loss  of  time  the  par- 
ty set  off  to  overtake  him.  Upon  their  arrival  at  the 
pond  they  found  that  the  wagons  had  proceeded  but 
little  distance  from  the  spot  which  they  occupied 
when  the  three  Tories  passed  them,  and  Capt.  Rumph's 
horse  and  clothes  were  in  the  same  situation  in  which 
they  had  lieen  left  by  him.  The  whole  party  rode  up 
to  the  wagon  and  fiercely  inquired  of  poor  House- 
lighter,  who  was  pale  with  terror,  where  Rumph  was. 
He  pointed  to  the  pond,  and  they  rode  up  to  the  place 
where  the  horse  was  tied,  and  when  they  saw  his 
clothes  and  other  signs  of  Rumph's  having  taken  to 
the  pond,  they  surrounded  it  on  every  side,  and,  dis- 
mounting, they  entered  it  sw^ord  in  hand,  and  search- 
ed every  place  where  he  could  possibly  have  been  con- 
cealed. But  their  search  was  fruitless.  Rumph  was 
far  on  his  way  towards  home  before  those  who  were 
so  eagerly  thristing  for  his  blood  could  satisfy  them- 
selves that  he  was  not  there.  Irritated  by  the  escape 
of  the  prey  which  they  were  so  confident  they  had  in 
their  grasp,  while  one  party  scoured  the  neighboring 
woods  in  search  of  Capt.  Rumph,  the  other  party  took 
cha.rge  of  the  wagons,  and,  after  taking  such  of  the 
horses  as  could  be  serviceable  to  them,  they  stripped 
the  wagons  of  everything  they  could  not  carry  away 
and  burnt  them  to  ashes  with  the  remaining  part  of 


478  THE  HISTORY  OF 

their  freight.  They  worried  poor  Houselighter  until 
he  was  ready  to  die  with  fear  and  left  him.* 

"Capt.  Riimph  reached  home  about  sunset,  with  the 
determination  to  give  his  pursuers  chance  of  a  fight 
with  less  odds  on  one  side,  and  he  immediately  set 
about  collecting  the  scattered  members  of  his  corps. 
This  was  soon  accomplished,  and  they,  about  twentj^- 
five  in  number,  were  ready  to  set  off  in  pursuit  of  the 
Tories  by  daylight  the  next  morning. 

"This  party  had  proceeded  for  several  hours  on  their 
way,  and  had  nearly  reached  the  spot  where  the 
wagons,  of  their  leader  had  been  burned  the  day  be- 
fore, and  wdiich  was  the  scene  of  his  perilous  escape, 
when  they  were  informed  that  the  Tories,  not  far  be- 
low, were  feeding  their  horses  near  the  road  and  were 
wholly  unprepared  for  an  attack.  The  patriots  were 
prepared  for  an  attack.  The  patriots  were  extremely 
anxious  to  be  led  to  the  charge.  Just  before  their 
eyes  were  the  evidences  of  the  wanton  destruction  of 
property  by  the  Tories,  and  their  momories  could  read- 
ily supply  numberless  instances  of  their  horrid  barbar- 
ity, rapine  and  murder.  They  proceeded  at  a  quicken- 
ed pace  along  the  road  and  soon  their  enemies  appear- 
ed in  the  situation  in  which  they  had  been  described, 
with  their  horses  carelessly  feeding  with  their  saddles 
on,  their  bridle-bits  out  of  their  mouths  and  their  ri- 
ders lying  about  in  groups,  or  sleeping  apart  from  the 
rest  on  the  ground.  No  surprise  could  have  been 
more  complete.  The  Tories  discovered  their  oppo- 
nents at  the  distance  of  three  or  four  hundred  yards 
and  at  once  prepared  for  fight.  They  soon  caught 
their  horses,  bridled  them   and  in   an   instant  were 

*Houselighter,  who  was  then  a  mere  boy,  lived  to  a  great  old  age, 
and  there  are  several  old  gentlemen  of  this  section  who  well  remem- 
ber him  and  his  quaint  Dutch  expressions.  He  often  told  how  Cun- 
ingham's  men  took  his  own  wagon  whip  and  flogged  him  severely 
with  it. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  479 

mounted  and  flying  in  every  direction.  'Save,  who 
can',  was  the  only  word.  Capt.  Runiph  and  his  troop- 
ers dashed  down  upon  them  and  as  the  Tories  scatter- 
ed, everyone  for  himself,  the  patriots  were  oljliged  to 
single  out  and  pursue,  as  they  were  nearly  equal  in 
number,  almost  every  one  his  man.  Various  were  the 
results  of  that  fight  and  pursuit. 

'Tt  was  the  fortune  of  Lieut.  Parker,  the  officer  in 
command  of  the  Tories,  to  be  singled  out  by  Lieut. 
Wannamaker,  of  Capt.  Rumph's  Troop.  Wannamaker 
was  a  man  of  singular  boldness  and  true  devil-may- 
care  sort  of  spirit.  He  was  a  fine  horseman,  and  on 
this  occasion  was  uncommonly  well-mounted.  In 
this  respect,  however,  he  was  not  superior  to  Parker; 
for  after  a  chase  of  nearly  two  miles  Wannamaker 
had  gained  but  little,  if  any,  upon  Parker,  but,  unfor- 
tunately for  the  latter,  after  keeping  well  ahead  for 
that  distance,  and  while  looking  back  to  see  if  the 
enemy  was  gaining  upon  him,  his  horse  carried  him 
under  a  stooping  tree,  which  struck  him  a  violent 
blow  upon  the  left  shoulder  as  he  rode  under  it  and 
knocked  him  nearly  off,  and  in  his  struggle  to  recover 
himself  his  saddle  turned  and  got  under  the  belly  of 
his  horse.  In  that  situation  he  rode  for  some  distance 
at  an  evident  disadvantage,  and  Wannamaker  began 
to  gain  upon  him.  Parker's  horse,  however,  broke 
the  girth  and  the  saddle  fell,  so  that  Parker  was  again, 
for  a  while,  able  to  keep  Wannamaker  at  a  safe  dis- 
tance. But  it  soon  became  apparent  to  Parker's  great 
dismay,  that  his  horse's  wind  was  failing  from  being 
ridden  without  a  saddle.  In  vain  he  whipped  and 
spurred  his  jaded  horse.  Wannamaker  was  shorten- 
ing the  distance  between  them  at  every  leap.  Parker 
beheld  him  nearly  within  pistol  shot,  and,  frightened 
beyond  measure,  he  took  oft'  his  hat  and  beat  his  horse 
on  the  sides  with  it  to  accelerate  his  speed.     It  sue- 


480  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ceeded  for  a  moment,  but  the  fagged  horse  had  done 
his  utmost.  Wannamaker  was  just  behind,  and  called 
out  to  him  with  presented  pistol:  'Parker,  halt!  or  I 
will  kill  you.'  Parker  heeded  not,  but  continued 
with  renewed  violence  his  blows  with  his  hat.  Wan- 
namaker approached  nearer  and  called  to  him  again, 
but  still  he  rode  on.  Wannamaker  called  to  him 
again,  the  third  time,  and  offered  him  quarter,  but  the 
unhappy  man  knew  that  he  had  no  right  to  expect 
that  mercy  which  he  had  never  given,  and  halted  not. 
'Halt,  Parker!'  said  Wannamaker.  'I  have  told  you 
the  last  time.'  Parker  rode  on.  Wannamaker,  fear- 
ing something  might  occur  to  incline  the  chances 
against  him,  approached  the  doomed  man  within  half 
a  horse's  length,  and  fired.  Parker  rode  erect  for  a 
moment,  but  his  hold  soon  relaxed — he  fell  backwards 
on  his  horse,  rolled  heavily  off,  and  expired.     J." 

That  "J."  was  mistaken  in  saying  that  history  had 
not  recorded  the  names  of  the  patriotic  men  of 
Rumph's  company  is  attested  by  the  resurrection  of 
the  original  roll,  and  its  publication  in  the  Alabama 
paper.  It  has  several  times  been  reprinted  in  South 
Carolina  newspapers.  Lieut.  Wannamaker  often  said, 
after  he  had  had  time  to  reflect  upon  the  matter,  that 
he  regretted  having  killed  Parker,  as  he  had  often 
thought  that  perhaps  Parker  had  been  stunned  by  his 
contact  with  the  tree,  and  could  not  hear  him  calling 
to  him.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  quite  likely  that 
Parker  preferred  to  die  the  death  of  a  soldier  than  run 
the  risk  of  being  hung  by  Capt.  Rumph;  for  tradition- 
ary accounts  of  Rumph  say  he  was  a  perfect  martinet, 
and  seldom  showed  his  enemies  quarter. 

From  the  traditionary  accounts  handed  down  to  Mr. 
McMichael  we  also  learn  that  it  was  Capt.  Rumph  who 
drove  "Bloody  Bill"  Cuningham  to  his  deeds  of  vio- 
lence.    The  account  says  that  Cuningham  was  a  mem- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  481 

ber  of  Rumph's  compan}'  in  the  early  days  of  the  war,* 
and  a  ,a:ood  soldier:  hut  that  he  had  a  brother,  who 
was  a  Tory.  One  day  this  hrotherf  was  captured  by 
Rumph's  men,  and  Rumph,  as  w^as  his  custom,  ordered 
him  to  be  immediately  hanged.  William  Cuninghara 
came  up  and  begged  that  his  brother  be  spared,  and 
said  to  Capt,  Rumph:  '*If  you  will  let  him  go  I  will 
guarantee  that  he  will  quit  the  Tories  and  join  our 
company  and  make  as  good  Whig  as  any  man  in  the 
company",  but  Rumph  was  obdurate,  and  had  the 
brother  struug  up.  Cuningham  quietly  mounted  his 
horse,  and  riding  up  to  Capt.  Rumph  remarked:  "From 
this  day  forth  I  am  your  deadly  enemy.  I  have  noth- 
ing against  your  men,  but  we  must  go  different  roads", 
and  he  rode  off  in  a  gallop.  Capt.  Rumph  ordered  his 
men  to  shoot  liim,  l)ut  such  was  the  esteem  in  which 
he  had  been  held,  and  such  was  the  sympathy  for  him, 
that  not  a  man  obeyed  the  order:  and  from  that  time 
on  Cuningham  was  the  enemy  of  the  Whigs,  and  the 
especial  enemy  of  Capt.  Rumph.  Lorenzo  Sabine's 
work,  "American  Loyalists",  also  states  that  Cuning- 
ham was  first  a  Whig  and  then  a  Tory,:|:  but  does  not 
state  why  he  changed.  And  a  careful  reading  of  J.'s 
article,  above  quoted,  will  disclose  the  existence  of  a 
vendetta-like  hatred  between  Cuningham 's  men  and 
Rumph. 

Upon  one  occasion,  when  Rumph's  men  bad  put 
Cuningham's  troops  to  flight,  Lieut.  Golson  singled  out 
Capt.  Cuningham  and  gave  chase.  They  were  both 
riding  rapidly  through  the  woods,  when  suddenly  Cun- 

*He  was  a  member  of  Capt.  John  Caldwell's  company  of  regulars, 
but  possibly  lie  was  attached  to  Rumph's  command  on  some  scouting 
expedition  or  other  like  service. 

tAs  we  find  no  record  of  "Bloody  Bill"  having  a  l)rother,  it  is  pos- 
sible that  this  was  only  a  kinsman. 

jSee  also  O'Neall's  Annals  of  Newberry  District,  page  254. 


482  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ingham  spurred  his  horse  over  a  little  ditch,  and 
wheeling  it  in  an  instant,  presented  his  pistol  at  Gol- 
son,  and  said:  "Stop,  Clolson!  I  have  nothing  against 
you,  and  I  don't  want  to  kill  yon,  nor  do  I  want  to  he 
killed  hy  you,  l)ut  if  you  cross  that  ditch  to-day  one  of 
us  must  die;  so  you  had  better  go  your  way  and  let  me 
go  mine."  Oolson  said  afterwards  that  he  had  never 
seen  eyes  in  a  huiuan  head  that  looked  as  Cuninghani's 
did  on  that  occasion.  He  said  it  was  a  tigerish  look — 
more  of  animal  than  of  human  being.  He,  however, 
did  not  farther  interfere  with  Cuningham,  but  return- 
ed to  his  company,  and  no  one  would  ever  have  known 
of  this  incident  had  not  Golson  related  it  himself. 

On  another  occasion  Rnmph's  company  come  upon 
Cuningham's  men  taking  their  noonday  naps,  in  fence 
corners,  and  before  Cuningham  awoke  RuiBph  was  up- 
on him,  and  placing  his  sword  at  Cuningham's  throat 
would  have  thrust  it  through  his  neck  in  another  in- 
stant, but  awaking  suddenly,  Cuningham,  with  a  stroke 
like  lightning,  thrust  aside  the  sword,  sprang  over  the 
fence,  and,  mounting  his  horse,  was  off  like  an  ai'row, 
with  a  shower  of  bullets  hissing  all  around  him;  but 
he  was  never  touched.  He  seemed  to  bear  a  charmed 
life — he  had  declared  a  vendetta,  and  he  lived  to  make 
his  very  name  cause  a  chill  of  horror  to  those  who 
read  the  story  of  his  bloody  deeds. 

Upon  one  occasion,  while  Kumph's  partisans  were 
scouting  in  the  "Upper  Bull  Swamp"  section  of  Orange- 
burg District,  they  came  to  a  deserted  settlement. 
Rumph  sent  his  men  to  hide  in  the  swamp,  near-  the 
opening  in  which  the  houses  were  situated,  and  he 
took  Paul  Stroman  with  him  and  went  up  to  the 
front  of  the  houses.  When  they  got  there  they  saw  a 
tall  man  walking  in  the  yard.  Capt.  Rumph  proposed 
that  they  give  him  a  shot,  and  he  and  Stroman  tired 
at  him,  breaking  one  leg,  but   nothing   daunted   the 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  483 

man  began  to  turn  handsprings  so  rapidlj%  using  his 
arms  and  tlie  good  leg,  that  he  would  have  escaped 
had  he  not  run  (or  rather  turned)  into  the  ambuscade 
in  the  swamp,  where  he  was  shot  down  and  killed. 
When  Capt.  Rumph  came  up  Lieut.  Wannamaker 
asked  who  the  man  was  and  what  he  was,  but  no  one 
could  tell,  and  Lieut.  Wannamaker  always  held  that 
the  stranger  should  not  have  been  killed,  as  he  might 
have  been  a  friend  and  not  a  foe.  He  described  him 
as  a  n)agniHcent  specimen  of  manhood,  and  said  he 
looked  like  a  gentleman  and  was  well  dressed. 

Another  story  told  of  Rumph  is  that  upon  one  occa- 
sion he  was  complained  to  by  some  women  who  had 
been  on  a  trading  expedition  toCharlestown — doubtless 
before  its  fall — ^that  a  party  of  marauders  had  stopped 
their  wagons  below  Orangeburgh  and  robbed  them  of 
their  purchases.  Rumph  immediately  collected  some 
of  his  partisans  and  went  in  pursuit  of  them,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  the  whole  party  of  them.  He 
took  them  up  to  his  "Imll  pen",  and,  the  robbed  wo- 
men having  identified  them,  he  proceeded  to  hang 
them  on  the  big  oak.  There  was  among  the  marau- 
ders a  red-headed  man  named  Billy  Sturkie.  When 
the  rope  was  placed  about  his  neck  and  he  was  about 
to  be  jerked  up  one  of  the  women  cried  out,  "Stop! 
that  red-headed  man  did  not  take  anything,  but  tried 
to  keep  the  others  from  stealing".  The  other  woman 
confirmed  her  statements,  and  Sturkie  was  turned 
loose,  but  his  fright  had  been  so  great  that  he  was 
only  able  to  feebly  exclaim,  "You  might  as  well  a- 
hung  me." 

It  seems  rather  peculiar  that  all  of  the  best  known 
historians  of  this  State  have  totally  neglected  to  say 
anything  of  Rumph's  command,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  at  least  one.  Dr.  Joseph  Johnson,  knew^  of 
the   existence   and   work   of   this  command.     In   his 


484  THE  HISTORY  OF 

"Traditions  of  the  Revolution",  pages  548-50,  speaking 
of  the  fight  between  the  Tories  and  the  Whig  compa- 
ny, under  Capt.  Michael  Watson,  near  Dean  Swamp, 
in  Orangeburgh  District,  he  says:  "Some  of  Watson's 
company,  who  had  also  taken  to  flight  on  seeing  their 
captain  fall,  took  possession  of  a  farm-house  neai-  by, 
occupied  only  by  a  mother  and  her  child.  There  was 
little  or  nothing  to  eat  on  the  premises,  Jind  they  now 
feared  pursuit  more  than  ever,  believing  that  the  wo- 
man would  report  them  to  their  enemies.  One  of 
them  was  chosen  by  lot,  and  sent  off  to  Orangeburg  for 
help.  Colonel  Rumph  came  out  to  them  as  soon  as 
possible,  but,  before  the  arrival  of  his  company,  the 
poor  woman  and  child,  with  their  unwelcome  guests, 
were  ail  nearly  starved  out," 

Dr.  Johnson  seems  to  presume  that  the  reader  well 
knows  who  "Col.  Rumph"  was,  for  it  is  the  only  men- 
tion made  of  him  in  the  book.  He  also  calls  him  by 
his  post-bellum  title,  ''Colonel",  yet  speaks  of  "his 
company."  Capt.  Rumph  did  not  attain  the  i-ank  of 
colonel  until  after  the  war,  when  he  was  chosen  colo- 
nel of  a  militia  regiment.  Some  years  later  he  attain- 
ed the  rank  of  brigadier  general  of  militia. 

Sonje  interesting  stories  are  told  of  some  of  the  in- 
dividuals of  Rumph's  company.  One  of  these  is  about 
John  Amaka — and,  l)y  the  way,  there  are  two  John 
Amakas  mentioned  on  the  roll  of  the  company,  above 
given — who  was  an  actual  illustration  of  late  popular 
song,  for  "One  of  his  legs  was  longer  than  it  really 
ought  to  have  been";  that  is  to  say,  he  had  one  leg 
shorter  than  the  othei'.  When  the  Whigs  had  com- 
menced to  make  it  unpleasant  for  the  Tories  and  those 
of  Tory  sentiments,  njany  of  them  left  the  State  and 
went  to  East  Florida.  One  day  John  Amaka  passed 
by  the  house  (jf  George  McMichael  (grandfather  of  Mr. 
C.  M.  McMichael)  and    inquiied  of  him   the  way   to 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  485 

East  Florida.  Mr.  MrMichael  told  him  the  way,  but 
further  remarked  to  him.  '•John  j'ou  can't  get  there 
on  those  legs  of  yours,  so  if  you  are  going  to  turn  Tory 
you  had  better  stay  here  and  run  your  chances." 
Amaka,  however,  continued  on  his  journey,  but  in  a 
day  or  so  he  hobbled  back,  and  it  seems  decided  to 
cast  his  fortunes  with  Rumph's  partisans. 

Paul  Stroman,  who  lived  where  Mr.  James  H. 
Fowles's  "Durham"  place  now  is,  has  been  accused  of 
Toryism,  but  the  traditions  of  his  family  and  the  ap- 
pearance of  his  name  on  Rumph's  roll  tend  to  dis- 
prove the  accusation.  The  charge  was  probably 
based  on  the  ground  that  upon  one  occasion  he,  it 
seems,  refused  to  obey  some  order  of  Rumph's,  and  it 
so  aroused  that  officer's  ire  that  he  rode  down  to  Stro- 
man's  place  to  arrest  him.  Stroman  saw  him  coming 
and  hid  in  his  barn  with  his  rifle  by  him.  He  after- 
w^ards  declared  that  if  Rumph  had  discovered  him  he 
(Stroman)  would  have  shot  him. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Culler,  of  this  County,  tells  a  good  story 
of  Capt.  Rumph's  wit.  He  relates  that  one  night 
Capt.  Runiph  called  for  his  grandfather,  Benjamin 
Culler,  who  was  a  member  of  Rumph's  company,  and, 
with  several  others,  they  went  out  to  waylay  and  cap- 
ture some  "outlyers".  They  secreted  themselves  in 
some  pine  brush  by  the  road  side,  and  after  awhile  a 
woman,  the  wife  of  one  of  the  "outlyers",  came  along 
and  began  to  call  her  husband.  After  calling  several 
times  she  called  out,  "0,  honey,  0,  honey!"  At  that 
Capt.  Rumph  remarked  to  his  companions;  "If  that 
fellow  is  any  honey,  the  devil  was  the  bee," 

Mr.  Culler  also  says  that  his  grandmother  has  often 
told  him  that  "Bloody  Bill"  Cunningham  had  on  sev- 
occasions  come  to  her  house  and  made  her  run  down 
and  kill  and  cook  chickens  for  him  to  eat,  and  that 


486  THE  HISTORY  OF 

she  had  often  known,  or  heard,  of  his  presence  in  the 
community. 

It  is  related  that  upon  one  occasion  Capt.  Rnmph 
had  two  sick  members  of  his  company  staying  in  liis 
house.  One  night  he  was  suddenly  aroused  hy  one  of 
his  slaves,  who  ran  in  and  shouted;  "Run  Massa  de 
Tory  comin!"  Capt.  Rumph  quickly  awakened  his 
sleeping  friends  and  told  theni  to  run  for  their  lives, 
but  one  of  them  complained  that  he  was  too  sick  to 
run.  "Then  you  are  a  dead  man"'  shouted  Capt.  Rumph, 
and  ran  out  of  the  house.  Just  then  the  Tories  en- 
tered from  the  opposite  direction,  and  finding  the  sick 
man,  dragged  him  out  into  the  yard  and  cut  his  head 
off  with  an  axe. 

Old  James  Knight,  of  the  Limestone  section,  who 
died  about  forty  years  ago,  had  b^en  a  member  of 
Cuningham's  company  during  the  Revolution,  and  he 
was  often  heard  to  tell  how  he  escaped  on  one  occa- 
sion when  Rumph's  men  had  put  Cuningham's  to 
flight.  Be  said  he  simply  lay  down  on  his  horse, 
threw  his  arms  around  the  animal's  neck,  slapped  his 
spurs  to  him  with  all  his  might  and  dashed  through  a 
thicket. 

Another  militia  company  of  Oi'angeburgh  District, 
which  doubtless  also  belonged  to  Howe's  regiment, 
and  of  which  there  are  many  traditions,  was  that  of 
Capt.  Henry  Felder,  who  has  been  mentioned  several 
times  heretofore  in  these  pages  as  holding  various 
civic  offices,  and  as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
during  the  Revolution. 

The  traditions  of  the  Felder  family  say  that  Captain 
Felder  had  his  seven  sons,  Henry,  Jacob,  John,  Fred- 
erick, Samuel,  Abraham  and  Peter,  in  his  company. 
It  is  said  that  John  was  killed  dui'ing  the  war.  He 
was  captured   with   his  step-mother's  brothei",  Snell, 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  487 

and  while  the  British  soldiers  were  at  dinner  on  the 
l)anks  of  the  Congaree  river,  they  attempted  to  escape. 
Snell  escaped  to  the  wcods,  but  John  jumped  into  the 
river  and  swam  across  while  his  hands  were  tied,  the 
guard  shooting  at  him  all  the  while,  but  after  he 
reached  the  opposite  bank  a  bullet  struck  him  in  a 
vital  place  and  killed  him  on  the  spot.  And,  strange 
to  say,  he  was  killed  by  his  own  gun  in  the  hands  of  the 
guard. 

The  late  Col.  Paul  S.  Felder  often  said  that  when  he 
was  a  young  man  he  met  an  old  gentleman  named  Rice 
of  Barnwell  District,  who  told  him  that  he  (Rice)  had 
been  a  uiember  of  Capt.  Felder's  company  during  the 
Revolution,  and  that  he  was  present  with  the  com- 
pany upon  one  occasion  when  they  whipped  a  body  of 
Tories  at  Hoi  man's  Bridge  over  the  South  Edisto  river 
in  Orangeburgh  District. 

Capt.  Felder  had  two  dwelling  houses  burned  by  the 
Tories  daring  the  war.  and  at  the  burning  of  the  last 
one  he  lost  his  life.  The  following  notice,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  burning  of  the  first  house,  appeared  in  the 
Gazette  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  October  7tli  and 
14th,  1778: 

"WHEREAS  the  subscriber  s  house  was  plundered 
and  burnt  on  the  third  inst.  and  all  his  papers  either 
burnt  or  destroyed:  To  prevent  fraudulent  demands 
that  may  hereafter  be  made  on  him,  he  gives  this  pub- 
lic notice,  that  those  persons  who  have  any  lawful  de- 
mands on  him,  either  in  books  of  account,  bond,  note 
of  hand  or  otherwise,  are  desired  to  make  demand  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  January  next  ensuing,  and 
receive  payment:  And  all  persons  indebted  to  him 
are  likewise  entreated  to  make  payment  as  far  as  may 
be  consisent  with  their  knowledge. 

"Sept.  23,  Henry  Felder." 


488  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Judge  O'Neal  1,  on  p.  325  of  hi.s  Bench  and  Bar,  has 
this  to  say  of  Capt.  Henry  Felder: 

"This  gentleman  was  a  very  active  partisan  in  tlie 
Revolution.  He  brought  his  love  ot  liberty  from  his 
native  canton,  and,  like  Tell,  of  his  fatherland,  he  was 
willing  to  peril  all,  rather  than  siilmiit  to  tyranny. 
He  guided  (leneral  Sumter  in  his  approach  to  Orange- 
burg, and  bore  a  part  in  the  capture  of  that  post. 

"At  or  about  the  close  of  the  war,  the  Tories  sur- 
I'ounded  his  house:  the  gallant  Swiss,  by  the  aid  of  his 
wife  and  servants,  who  loaded  his  guns  while  he  tired, 
killed  more  than  twenty  of  his  foes.  His  house  was 
at  last  fired,  and  he  was  thus  forced  to  fly.  In  at- 
tempting to  escape,  he  was  shot,  and  killed." 

The  traditionary  account  of  the  above  affair,  as  re- 
ceived from  the  late  Col.  Paul  S.  Felder,  who  not  only 
heard  it  from  his  fathei'  and  other  members  of  his 
family,  but  from  the  lips  of  an  old  negro  servant,  who, 
as  a  young  man,  had  been  an  eye  witness  of  a  part  of 
the  tragedy,  is  as  follows:  One  day  Capt.  Felder  re- 
ceived a  message  from  Samuel  Rowe,  a  good  Whig- 
friend,  that  the  Tories  intended  to  attack  his  home 
the  next  day.  With  his  sons,  and  his  overseer,  whose 
name  was  Fry,  he  defended  his  house,  defeated  the 
Tories  and  drove  them  off.  As  soon  as  they  had  left 
he  sent  his  sons  through  a  by-path  to  waylay  and  am- 
bush them,  but  before  reaching  the  ambush  the  ene- 
my returned  to  the  siege,  and  setting  fire  to  a  load  of 
hay  that  was  under  a  shed  near  the  house  they  there- 
by set  the  house  on  fire.  Capt.  Felder  put  on  some 
of  his  wife's  (dothes  and  attenipted  to  escape,  but  was 
recognized  by  his  boots  as  he  jumped  the  yard  fence 
and  was  filled  with  bullets.  He  continued  his  flight 
for  several  hundred  yaids,  however,  and  dropped  from 
exhaustion  and  loss  of  blood  just  as  he  reaidied  the 
woods.     The  same  negro  above  mentioned  was  cutting 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  489 

wood  nearby  and  went  to  his  master's  assistance.  He 
was  not  yet  dead,  and  help  being  procured,  he  was 
taken  to  a  place  of  safety  where  he  lived  a  day  or  two 
before  he  died. 

In  the  fight  he  is  said  to  have  killed  about  twenty 
of  the  Tories  with  the  assistance  of  Fry,  his  wife  and 
servants  loading  the  guns,  while  he  and  Fry  shot. 

There  are  two  old  cannons  used  as  corner  posts  in 
Oi'angeburg,  that  are  said  to  have  been  used  by  him 
on  the  occasion  of  the  siege  of  Orangeburgh  by  Sumter. 
However  that  may  l)e,  one  of  the  guns  has  cut  on  it. 
^•H.  Felder  17S1"  and  the  other  has  cut  on  it  the 
mark  PF. 

After  the  death  of  the  father,  his  son,  Henry  Felder. 
commanded  the  company;  and  after  the  war  this  com- 
pany formed  a  part  of  the  District  militia.* 

It  is  also  quite  likely  that  another  of  these  compa- 
nies was  commanded  by  Capt.  John  Salley.  On  page 
12  of  Tarleton  Brown's  Memoirs  the  Cowpens  of  *'Cap- 
tain  Salley"  are  mentioned,  and  in  a  grant  of  land 
made  to  him  shortly  after  the  Revolution  he  is  called 
"Captain  John  Salley."  These  are  the  only  docu- 
mentary evidences  we  have  of  the  fact  that  he  bore 
any  title  at  all  during  the  Revolution. 

Tradition  has  preserved  two  anecdotes  of  Capt.  Sal- 
ley's  Revolutionary  life  that  are  worth  recording. 
He  lived  near  the  river  swamp  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  village  of  Orangeburgh,!  and  one  tradition  is  that 
whenever  he  slept  at  home  a  faithful  old  negro  stood 
sentinel  under  his  window,  and  whenever  he  heard 
the  tramp  of  horses  he  jumped  up  and  rapped  on  the 
window  to  warn  his  master.  When  thus  warned  he 
would    slip  out,  and   if   be   found    that   Tories    were 

*kSee  Bench  and  Bar,  Vol.  II,  page  341. 

tHis  grave  and  tombstone  fjin  be  seen  there  now,  near  where  his 
dweUing  stood. 


490  THE  HISTORY  OF 

abroad  he  would   hie  him  to  the  rivei'  swamp.     This 
was  probabl}^  when  he  had  no  troops  with  him. 

The  other  tradition  is  that  he  owned  a  very  hne 
bhjoded  horse  which  he  very  much  feared  the  Tories 
would  steal,  so  he  carried  him  to  his  own  house,  the 
lower  story  of  which  was  of  brick,  with  a  basement, 
or  cellar.  He  took  the  horse  into  this  basement  and 
bricked  him  up  in  there,  leaving  st>me  secret  entrance 
through  which  food  could  be  carried,  and  doubtless 
there  were  some  sort  of  air  holes,  (Traditions  never 
provide  such  things.)  but,  at  any  rate,  the  Tories  found 
out  the  horse  was  there,  and  stole  him  out.  This 
must  have  happened  while  the  owner  was  absent,  for, 
if  he  was  as  fond  of  horses  as  his  numei'ous  descend- 
ants are,  (and  he  evidently  was)  he  would  have  de- 
fended him  with  his  life  had  he  been  present. 

Section  5.  VarionH  OpeiatioHs  in  South  Caro/iiHf  diniitf/ 
the  War;  and  tlieir  relation  to  Oiangehtmjh  Dis- 
trict. 

From  the  commencement  of  hostilities  up  to  Pre- 
vost's  attempt  on  Charlestown,  in  May  1779,  operations 
in  South  Carolina  were  confined  to  the  coast  and  along 
the  line  of  the  Savannah  river;  with  the  exception 
of  the  two  expeditions  among  the  Toi"ies  of  the  back- 
country  in  1775,  and  the  expedition  against  the  Chero- 
kee Indians  in  1776.  Some  account  of  these  various 
operations  has  been  given  in  the  section  on  the  3rd 
regiment. 

While  Clen.  Lincoln  lay  with  his  army  at  Purisburg, 
in  1779,  protecting  our  frontier  from  an  invasion  by 
the  British  from  Georgia,  Governor  Rutledge  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  forming  a  grand  militia  camp  at 
Orangeburgh,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  extract 
from  a  letter  written  by  Gen.  Moultrie  to  Col.  Charles 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


491 


Pincl\ne3%  dated  at  Pnrisburgh,  March  2nd,  1779:  "I 
observe  in  a  letter  from  the  governor  to  general  Lin- 
coln, that  he  intends  forming 
a  camp  at  Orangebiirgh,  of 
2,700  men,  the  I3th  instant: 
and  that  he  also  intends  aug- 
menting them  to  5,000.  from 
Thomas',  Lisle's,  Neal's,  and 
Williams'  I'egiments,  f ro  n  the 
Ninety-six  regiment.*  wdth- 
out  interfering  with  the  meas- 
ures necessary  for  defending 

the  back  country;  I  think  all      ^.^v.  john  uuxLEDGE.t 
seems  to  be  secure  thereabouts." 

The  wisdom  of  establishing  this  encampment  was 
questioned  by  Col.  Charles  Pincdvney  (who  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate  and  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Safety)  in  a  letter  to  Gen.  Moultrie,  dated  March  19th, 
as  follows:  'T  have  received  your  favor  of  the  15th, 
and  am  glad  to  hear  of  the  enemy  bending  their  force 
downwards  to  Savannah;  even  though  they  should 
take  a  trip  to  our  borders;  especially  as  you  say,  you 
are  of  opinion  we  should  manage  them  better  there 
than  where  they  are,  w^hich  opinion  1  think  just;  this 
movement  1  think  should  alter  the  orders  for  our 
grand  camp  at  Orangeburgh,  and  place  it  nearer  the 
capital  for  fear  of  a  coup-de-main,  I  think  you  mili- 
tary men  call  it:  and  perhaps  may  be  so  soon:  but  at 
present  it  is  the  ruling  opinion  that  the  other  place  is 
near  enough  to  receive  succors  from,  in  due  time, 
should  they  be  wanted.  1  wish  it  may  be  so";  and 
again  on  March  22nd,  Col.  Pinckney  wrote  Gen.  Moul- 
trie:    "His  excellency  has  been  obliged  to  pospone  his 


*Willijunson's  brigade. 

tBy  courtesy  of  Everett  Waddev  ('oiupnny,  publishers  ChapmaiiV 
School  History  of  South  Caroliua. 


492 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


setting  off  for  his  camp  until  to-morrow  noon:  I  am 
told  that  there  are  not  above  one  thousand  men  in 
that  camp;  but  tliat  their  number,  in  a  few  days,  will 
be  increased  to  double;  and  in  due  time,  if  orders  are 
complied  with,  the  given  number  (5,000)  fixed  on,  may 
be  there:  be  they  more  or  less,  T  wish  the  camp  had 
been  ordered  near  Charlestown;  and  I  in  vain  urged 
it  should  be  so,  but  could  not  prevail:  If  you  join  me 
in  opinion,  T  wish  you  would  write  the  governor  on  it; 
for  surely  the  present  encampment  at  Orangeburgh,  is, 
considering  our  present  circumstances  of  expecting  an 
attack  here,  much  too  far  to  give  that  necessary  assist- 
ance that  might  be  wanted." 

On  March  28th  Col.  Pinckney  wrote  Gen.  Moultrie: 
"You  wish  the  post  you  just  now  left,  may  be  rein- 
forced with  militia;  this,  in  my  opinion  cannot  be 
conveniently  done,  otherwise  than  by  detachments 
from  the  grand  camp  at  Orangeburgh,  under  the  gov- 
ernoi-,  with  whom  no  doubt,  you  will  exchange  a  let- 
ter on  the  subject:  he  and  his  suite  are  now,  and  have 
been  for  several  days  past  there,*  and  it  is  said  his 


*Wliile  iji  Orangebiirijch,  Gov- 
eriior  Rntledge  made  his  head- 
quarters at  the  house  of  Donald 
Bruce,  wlio  was  at  that  time  a 
member  of  the  State  legislature 
fiom  Orange  Parish.  In  July, 
17.S1,  when  Lord  Rawdon  halt- 
ed for  a  few  days  in  Orangel>urgh 
on  liis  return  from  tjje  relief  of 
Ninety-Six,  he  also  made  his 
headquarters  in  the  Bruce  house, 
hut  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  his  Lordship  did  not  find 
as  warm  welcome  there  as  did 
the  brilliant  "Dictator",  the  26th 
chapter  of  "The  Forayers"  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  Many 
years  after  tlie  Revolution,  after  the  death  of  the  last  of  the  Bruces, 
Mr.  Daniel  Larey  bought  the  house,   which  stood  at  the  southeast 


THE  BRUCE  HOUSE. 

FROM  PHOTO  BY  T.  H.  HITCHCOCK. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY. 


493 


Camp  is  growing  very  strong,  but  I  cannot  inform  you 
of  particulars." 

From  his  headquarters  at  Orangeburgh,  Governor 
Rutledge,  on  April  5th,  wrote  to  Gen.  Williamson: 
'"You  will  oi'der  the  prisoners  of  war,  those  who  are 
accused  of  sedition,  now  in  Ninet3^-six  goal,  to  be  safe- 
ly conducted  under  a  sufficient  guard  to  this  place." 
The  prisoners  were  ordered  to  Orangeburgh,  '"as  a  place 
of  greater  security",  says  Gen.  Moultrie  in  his  Memoirs. 

Early  in  April  Gen.  Moultrie,  at  Gen. 
Lincoln's  request,  visited  Orangeburgh 
to  consult  with  Governor  Rutledge. 
On  his  return  to  Black  Swamp  he  i^^^^^rs.^ 
wrote  as  follows,  to  Col.  Pinckney:  "I 
have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you,  that 
I  returned  from  Orangeburgh  three 
days  ago,  after  a  ride  of  two  hundred  -^^r 

and  twenty  miles,  a  very  fatiguing  «kn.  moultrie. 
jaunt,  both  to  ourselves  and  horses,  we  were  (Mr.  Kin- 
lock  and  myself)  gone  six  days;  one  day  we  staid  with 
the  Governor,  and  the  others  in  traveling.  We  expect 
Col.  Simons  here  to-morrow,  with  one  thousand  men 
of  all  ranks:  this  will  be  a  reinforcement  to  us  that 
will  be  very  acceptable.  The  Governor  has  promised 
more  as  sijon  as  they  can  be  collected.  I  was  sorry  to 
see  so  few"  (three  or  four  hundred)  "left  at  Orange- 
burgh after  this  detachment  mai'ched  off;  though  Col. 
Neal  lay  about  four  miles  off",  with  two  hundred  and 
eighty  men  of  his  regiment,  and  was  to  march  in  that 
morning."     And  on  the  same  day  Gen.  Moultrie  wrote 

corner  of  Windsor  and  Bull  ( now  Dibble)  Streets,  and  moved  it  down 
on  the  "Five  Notch"  road  about  two  miles  below  Orangeburg,  where 
it  now  stands.  It  is  now  the  property  of  Mrs.  Lawrence  S.  Wolfe.  In 
the  2Hth,  29th  and  32nd  chapters  of  "The  B'orayers",  Wm.  Gilniore 
Simms  has  woven  an  interesting  bit  of  romance  about  this  historic 
old  house.  *By  courtesy  of  Everett  Wsiddy  Company,  publishers 
("hnpman's  8chool  History  of  South  Carolina. 


494  THE  HISTORY  OF 

as  follows,  to  Governor  Rutledge:  "I  have  the  honor  to 
inform  yon,  that  we  arrived  at  our  camp  two  days  ago; 
nothing  extraordinary  have  happened  since  we  left  it: 
they  are  much  pleased  to  hear  of  the  reinforcement 
(1,000)  you  have  sent,  and  that  they  are  on  their 
march;  we  expect  them  here  to-morrow.  I  hope  ere 
long  you  will  send  us  such  another." 

On  April  29th  Lieutenant-Governor  Bee  wrote  to 
Gen.  Moultrie:  "The  Governor  is  again  returned  to 
Orangeburgh,  from  whence  T  hope  he  will  he  able  to 
send  to  Gen.  Lincoln",  &i'.:  and  on  May  Lst,  while  Pre- 
vost  was  on  his  march  towards  Charlestown,  Gen. 
Moultrie  wrote,  from  Coosohatchie.  to  Gen.  Lincoln: 
"I  have  sent  dispatches  to  the  Gov.  at  Orangeburgh, 
and  to  Charlestown."  That  sent  to  Charlestown  was 
to  request  two  or  three  hundred  Continentals;  that  to 
Orangeburgh,  dated  May  1st,  was  as  follows:  'T  have 
here  w-ith  me  about  1,200  men:  I  wish  your  excellency 
would  reinforce  me  speedily;  and  with  as  many  field- 
pieces  as  possible."  On  the  same  day  Gen.  Moultrie 
received  a  letter  from  Lieutenant-Governor  Bee  say- 
ing; "Yours  of  the  29th  Api-il,  directed  to  the  gover- 
nor came  to  me  this  morning;  1  have  sent  it  forward 
by  express  to  Orangeburgh,  fiom  whence,  if  necessary, 
1  make  no  doubt  you  will  be  reinforced." 

On  May  2nd  Gen.  Lincoln  wrote,  from  Silver  Bluff, 
to  Gen.  Moultrie:  "I  have  wiitten  to  the  Governor  at 
Orangeburgh,  and  requested  that  he  would  leinforce 
you  by  the  militia,  intended  for  this  army,  and  Major 
Gri m ball's  artilleiy";  and  on  the  same  day  Gen.  Moul- 
trie wrote  to  Gen.  Lincoln,  from  Coosohatchie:  "I 
have  sent  express  to  the  goveinor  at  Orangeburgh, 
and  to  Charlestown.  to  hasten  up  the  militia  to  this 
place."  On  the  same  day  Governor  Rutledge  sent 
Gen.  Moultrie  a  dispatch  from  Orangeburgh  saying 
that  he  had   written   to  the  Lieutenant-Governor  to 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  495 

send  Horry's  horse  to  Gen.  Moultrie,  &c.  Lieut.  Gov. 
Bee  also  wrote  to  Gen.  Moultrie  on  the  same  day,  say- 
ing that  he  had  no  doubt  hut  that  the  governor  would 
send  reinforcements  "as  speedily  as  possible,  from 
Orangeburgh";  and  that  the  "reinforceuients  must  be 
from  Orangeburgh".  He  further  stated  that  lie  had 
not  heard  from  the  governor  since  he  (the  governor) 
left  town. 

From  Tulifiny  Gen.  Moultrie  wrote,  at  "6  o'clock  P. 
M."  on  May  3rd,  to  Governor  Kutledge  at  Orange- 
burgh: "[  this  moment  received  yours;  1  was  in  hopes 
you  wM)uld  have  acquainted  me  of  a  sti'oiig  reinfoi-ce- 
ment  marching  to  this  place";  and  again  on  the  4th 
he  wrote  to  the  Governor;  "'l  hope  your  excellency 
will  hasten  your  light  troops  to  reinforce  me",  and  to 
Gen.  Lincoln;  '"I  expect  the  governor  will  join  me  to- 
morrow from  Orangeburgh  with  the  Charlestown  artil- 
lery; as  to  w'hat  militia  he  hnd  I  cannot  inform  you." 
On  the  5th  he  wrote  again  to  Gen.  Lincoln:  "1  shall 
endeavor  to  make  a  stand  at  Ashepoo:  as  I  will  ex- 
pect the  governor  will  join  me  there." 

On  May  3rd  Lieut,  Gov.  Bee  wrote:  ''Twenty-two  of 
Horry's  light  horse,  marched  this  afternoon  for  your 
camp  and  will  hurry  on  the  party,  that  went  to 
Orangeburgh  with  the  Governor,  who  are  just  re- 
turned." 

On  Sunday  evening  Governor  llutledge  wrote,  from 
Orangeburgh,  to  Gen.  Moultrie:  "In  consequence  of 
your  advice,  received  this  afternoon;  I  will  march 
with  Grimball's  artillery,  and  all  the  force  we  have 
here  (except  about  50,  who  must  remain;  and  50  more, 
who  go  as  an  escort  to  the  waggons  with  corn,  &c.  for 
Gen.  Lincoln's  camp)  as  soon  as  possible,  to  reinforce 
you.  1  hope  to  get  off  to-morrow,  and  no  time  shall 
be  lost  on  the  mandi.  You  will,  without  doubt,  take 
every  step  in  your  power,  to  pro<'ure  all  the  i-einforce- 


496  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ments  yon  caD,  and  throw  ever}^  obstruction  in  the 
way  to  annoy  the  enemy,  and  prevent  their  progress 
and  ravages." 

From  "Edisto  saw-mills,  at  Mr.  Charles  Elliot's,  12 
miles  below  Orangeburgh",  Governor  Rntledge  wrote, 
on  Wednesday  morning,  to  Gen,  Moultrie:  "We  began 
our  march,  with  what  force  we  could  bring  from 
Orangeburgh,  yesterday  morning,  for  your  camp;  and 
shall  proceed  as  quickly  as  the  weather  and  the  roads 
will  admit.  T  hope  to  bring  up,  and  have  very  close 
after  me,  500  men  (exclusive  of  officers)  horse,  foot, 
and  artillery.  1  received  yours  dated  3d  of  May  at  6 
o'clock,  about  11  last  night;  I  hope  you  will  be  able  to 
withstand  the  enemy,  or  stop  their  progress.  I  shall 
send  Allston's,*  and  some  other  horse,  as  soon  as  they 
come  U13  (which  I  expect  to  day,)  a-head.  to  join  you. 
T  have  sent  another  express  for  the  Catawbas.  1  hope 
to  see  you  soon." 

On  Thursday  the  Governor  wrote,  from  the  same 
point:  "Some  hours  ago,  on  the  march  hither,  I  re- 
ceived yours  of  last  night;  and  soon  after,  a  letter 
from  Major  Butler;  in  which  he  says,  he  heard  the 
enemy  were  at  Ashepoo:  therefore,  as  I  think  we  can- 
not possibly  assist  you  at  Jacksonburgh  (it  being  24 
miles  from  hence)  I  have  ordered  the  troops  hei'e,  to 
cross  the  river,  (they  being  now  on  this  side)  and  pro- 
ceed, by  forced  marches,  to  Charlestown,  over  four- 
hole  and  Dorchester  bridges,  1  think  you  had  better 
move  .  .  ,  when  you  do,  move,  down  by  Dorchester. 
You  will  continue  to  throw  ol)struction  in  the  enemy's 
way,  and  advise  me  of  these,  and  your  motions,  by  ex- 


*Oii  page  432  of  his  ''Meiiioir.s",  (vol.  i)  Creti.  Moultrie  says:  "On 
my  retreat  from  Blaek-swanii),  Colonel  8eiif,  feom  the  governor's 
camp,  Orangehurgh,  joined  me  at  Ponpon  I)ridge,  with  the  racoon 
eompany,  commanded  by  Captain  .John  Allston,  of  about  fifty  men 
on  horseback." 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  497 

press  to  Charlestown;  foi-  which  I  atii  just  setting  off; 
3'ou  will  give  all  uecessaiy  orders  for  destroying 
bridges,  &c." 

In  his  ''Memoirs",  under  date  of  May  8th,  Gen,  Moul- 
trie writes:  "At  this  time  there  never  was  a  country 
in  greater  confusion  and  consternation;  and  it  may  he 
easily  accounted  for,  when  5  armies  were  marching 
through  the  southern  parts  of  it,  at  the  same  time,  and 
all  for  different  purposes:  myself  retreating  as  fast  as 
possible  to  get  into  town,  at  first  with  1,200  men;  but 
reduced  to  600  before  I  got  near  the  town;  the  British 
array  of  3,000  men  commanded  by  Gen.  Provost  in 
pursuit  of  me:  and  Gen.  Lincoln  with  the  American 
army  of  4,000,  marching  with  hasty  strides  to  come  up 
with  the  British:  Gov.  Rutledge  from  Orangeburgh, 
with  about  600  militia;  hastening  to  get  to  town  lest 
he  should  be  shut  out;  and  Col.  Harris,  with  a  detach- 
ment of  250  continentals,  pushing  on  with  all  possible 
dispatch  to  reinforce  me;  and  my  sending  two  or  three 
expresses  every  day  to  the  governor  and  to  Gen.  Lin- 
coln, to  let  them  know  where  I  was;  and  to  Charles- 
town  frequently,  to  hasten  their  works  and  to  prepare 
for  an  attack;  in  short  it  was  nothing  but  a  general 
confusion  and  alarm.  And  the  militia  from  the  north 
part  of  the  country,  from  every  parish  making  what 
haste  they  could  to  reinforce  Charlestown;  that  I  may 
truly  say  the  whole  country  was  in  motion." 

On  the  9th  and  10th  the  troops  marched  into  Charles- 
town, and  on  the  10th  General  Moultrie  issued  orders 
making  disposition  of  his  troo[js  on  the  lines.  The 
country  militia  were  ordered  to  occupy  the  left  wing. 

On  the  morning  of  1 1th  a  detachment  of  the  enemy 
appeared  near  the  lines.  They  were  attacked  by 
Count  Pulaski  with  his  legion  and  some  militia,  but 
they  were  too  strong  for  him  and  he  lost  a  considera- 
ble number  of  his  men  before  getting  back  within  the 


498  THE  HISTORY  OF 

lines,  "(len.  Provost's  whole  ainiy*',  writes  Gen. 
Moultrie,  "soon  appeared  before  the  town  gates,  at  the 
distance  of  about  a  mile,  the  advance  of  his  army  be- 
ing about  Watson's  house,  in  the  afternoon;  when  I 
ordered  the  cannon  at  the  gate  to  begin  to  fire,  which 
stopped  their  progress:  We  continued  at  the  lines, 
standing  to  our  arms,  all  night,  and  serving  out  am- 
munition to  the  country  militia;  who  only  came  in  the 
day  before,  with  the  governor:  we  were  in  expecta- 
tion of  their  attacking  us  that  night." 

On  the  next  morning,  in  order  to  gain  time  for  Lin- 
coln to  come  up,  Governor  Rutledge  arranged  a  par- 
ley with  the  enemy  through  Gen.  Moultrie.  After 
gaining  the  whole  day  it  was  decided,  principally  by 
Gen.  Moultrie,  not  to  surrender  the  town  but  to  "fight 
it  out",  and  the  truce  was  declared  at  an  end;  and 
Prevost,  fearing  that  Lincoln  would  be  upon  his  rear 
before  he  could  take  the  city,  withdrew  that  night, 
filed  off  to  the  left,  and  went  to  the  sea  islands. 

The  following  is  the  account  Ramsay  gives  of  this 
invasion  of  South  Carolina  by  Prevost  while  Lincoln 
was  up  the  Savannah  river  and  Governor  Rutledge  en- 
camped in  Orangeburgh:* 

"The  series  of  disasters  which  had  followed  the 
American  arms,  since  the  landing  of  the  British  in 
Georgia,  occasioned,  among  the  inhabitants  of  South- 
'Carolina,  many  well-founded  apprehensions  for  their 
future  safety."      *      *      *      *      *      :k      .q^-^  ^^^^^  time 

of  general  alarm  John  Rutledge,  esquire,  by  the  almost 
unanimous  voice  of  his  countrymen,  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  government.  To  him  and  his  council  was  dele- 
gated, by  the  legislature,  power  'to  do  every  thing  that 
appeared  to  him  and  them  necessarry  for  the  publick 
good.'    In  execution  of  this  trust  he  assembled  a  body 

*Rev'<)lutioii  in  Soutli  Carolina,  Vol.  IT,  pages  18  to  :24. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  499 

of  militia.  This  corps,  kept  in  constant  readiness  to 
march  whithersoever  public  service  might  reciuire, 
was  stationed  near  the  centre  of  the  state  at  Orange- 
burgh.  From  this  militia  camp  colonel  Simmons  was 
detached  with  a  thousand  men  to  reinforce  general 
Moultrie  at  Black-Swamp.  The  original  plan  of  pen- 
etrating into  Georgia  was  resumed.  With  this  inten- 
tion general  Lincoln  marched  with  the  main  army  up 
the  Savannah  river,  that  he  might  give  confidence  to 
the  country.''  *  *  *  "^  small  force  was  left 
at  Black-Swamp  and  Purysburgh  for  the  purpose  of 
defending  Carolina".  *  *  *  "General  Prevost 
availed  himself  of  the  critical  time  when  the  Ameri- 
can army  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  up  the  Sa- 
vannah river,  and  crossed  over  into  Carolina".       * 

*  *  *  *  ''Lieutenant-colonel  Mackintosh, 
who  commanded  a  few  continentals  at  Purysburgh, 
not  being  able  to  oppose  this  force  made  a  timely  re- 
treat. It  was  part  of  general  Prevost's  plan  to  attack 
general  Moultrie  at  Black-Swamp,  to  effect  which  he 
made  a  forced  march  the  first  night  after  he  landed 
on  the  Carolina  side,  but  he  was  about  three  hours  too 
late.  General  Moultrie  had  changed  his  quarters,  and 
being  joined  by  colonel  Mackintosh's  party  took  post 
at  Tulifinny  bridge,  in  order  to  prevent  the  incursion 
of  the  British  into  the  state,  and  to  keep  between 
them  and  its  defenceless  capital."      *       *       *       * 

"The  position  of  general  Moultrie  at  Tulifinny  was 
by  no  means  a  safe  one,  for  the  British  might  easily 
have  crossed  above  him,  and  got  in  his  rear.  A  gen- 
eral retreat  of  the  whole  force  towards  Charleston  was 
therefore  thought  advisable."  ****** 
"Governor  Rutledge,  with  the  militia  lately  encamped 
at  Orangeburgh,  had  set  out  to  join  general  Moultrie 
at  Tulifinny  bridge;  but,  on  the  second  day  of  their 
march,  advice  was  received  of  General  Moultrie's  re- 


500  THE  HISTORY  OF 

treat,  and  that  general  Prevosst  was  pushing  towards 
Charleston.  This  intelligence  determined  tlie  gover- 
nor to  march  with  all  the  force  under  his  command  to 
the  defence  of  the  capital."  *  *  *  *  *  * 
"General  Moultrie's  retreating  army,  governor  Rut- 
ledge's  militia  from  Orangehurgh,  and  colonel  Harris's 
detached  light  corps,  which  marched  neai-ly  forty 
miles  a  day  for  tour  days  successively,  all  reached 
Charleston  on  the  9th  and  10th  of  May.  The  arrival 
of  such  seasonable  reinforcements  gave  hopes  of  a 
successful  defence." 

The  following  extracts  concerning  these  movements 
by  Moultrie,  Lincoln,  Rntledge  and  Prevost  are  taken 
from  Col.  Henry  Lee's  ''Memoirs  of  the  War  in  the 
Southern  Department",  (1812)  pp.  82,  83:  "Governor 
Rntledge,  with  the  reserve  militia,  had  established 
himself  at  Orangeburg,  a  central  position,  perfectly 
adapted  to  the  convenient  reception  and  distribution 
of  this  species  of  force,  which  is  ever  in  a  state  of  un- 
dulation. He  was  far  on  Prevost's  left,  and,  like  Lin- 
coln, was  hors  de  combat". 

He  goes  on  to  describe  Prevost's  attack  on  Charles- 
town,  and  further  says,  pp.  83,  84:  "The  father  of  the 
State  had  removed  from  Orangeburg  with  the  i-eserve, 
to  throw  himself  into  Charleston,  if  possible.  What 
was  before  impossible,  had  become  possible  by  the 
forty-eight  hours'  delay  of  Prevost.  Rutledge  joined 
Moultrie;  and  Charleston  l)ecame  safe". 

The  next  important  movement  was  the  attack  on 
Prevost  at  Stono.  Many  of  the  "country  militia", 
lately  brought  down  from  Oi'angeburgh  by  Governor 
Rutledge,  were  in  that  engagement. 

In  September,  1779,  when  the  French  fleet,  under 
Count  D'Estaing,  and  the  American  army,  under  Gen. 
Lincoln,  moved  against  the  British,  under  Prevost,  in 
Savannah,  the  militia  of  South  Carolina  were  ordered 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  501 

to  asseml)le  near  Savannah.  It  is  said — and  it  is 
doubtless  true — that  some  Orangeburgh  militiamen 
fought  there. 

The  next  important  event  of  the  Revolution  was  the 
siege  of  Charlestown  by  the  British  under  Sir  Henry 
Clinton  and  Admiral  Arbuthnot,  from  February  11th 
to  May  12th,  1780,  when  the  city  was  formally  surren- 
dered. 

"The  capital  having  surrendered",  says  Ramsay, 
"the  next  object  with  the  British  was  to  secure  the 
general  submission  of  the  inhabitants.  To  this  end 
they  posted  garrisons  in  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try." One  of  these  posts  was  established  at  Orange- 
burgh. The  brick  court-house,  which  stood  about 
where  the  old  "Marchant  House"  lately  stood,  was 
fortified  and  a  garrison  placed  in  it.  Another  post 
was  established  at  "Ninety-Six",  and  the  old  road  now 
known  as  the  "Ninety-Six"  road  was  used  by  the 
British  troops  passing  between  the  two  points.  An- 
other of  these  posts  was  established  at  Granby,  in 
Saxe-Clotha  Township,  nearly  opposite  where  Colum- 
bia now  stands,  where  Friday's  house*  was  fortified  and 
garrisoned.  At  a  later  period  of  the  war  the  houses 
of  Mrs.  Rebecca  Mottef  and  Col.  William  Thomson 
(Bellville)  were  also  seized  and  fortified  as  British 
posts. 

For  about  six  weeks  after  the  fall  of  Charlestown  all 
military  opposition  to  the  progress  of  the  British  was 
practically  suspended,  but  the  British  were  not  des- 
tinied  to  make  an  easy  conquest  of  the  State,  for 
scarcely  had  the  panic  caused  by  tlie  fall  of  Charles- 
town subsided  before  small  bodies  of  militia  arose  in  all 
parts  of  the  State  to  harass  the  enemy,  and,  fortun- 
ately  for  the   Southern    States,   Sir    Henry    Clinton 

*No\v  known  as  the  "Cayee  House". 

tCalled  "St.  Joseph",  afterwards  known  as  Fort  Motte. 


502  THE  HISTORY  OF 

learned  that  a  French  fleet  was  soon  expected  about 
New  York.  This  induced  the  Commander-in-Chief  to 
re-embark  for  New  York  early  in  June,  with  the 
greater  part  of  his  arm}^  He  left  Lord  Cornwallis  as 
commander-in-chief  in  the  South  with  about  four 
thousand  men. 

As  early  as  July  12,  a  part  of  Sumter s  militia  regi- 
ment defeated  a  body  of  British  troops  and  tories  un- 
der Colonel  Ferguson  and  Captain  H  ticks,  respectively, 
in  the  up-country.  Ferguson  and  Hucks  were  both 
killed.  Col.  Sumter  soon  raised  600  men  and  in  less 
than  a  month  fought  two  more  battles  with  the  Brit- 
ish at  Rocky  Mount  and  Hanging  Rock.  Col.  James 
Williams,  of  Ninety-Six  District,  next  defeated  a  con- 
siderable party  of  British  and  Tories  at  Musgrove's 
Mill  on  Aug.  ISth.  Various  other  little  engagements 
were  fought,  with  more  or  less  snccess  to  the  South 
Carolinians,  during  July  and  August. 

Meantime  an  army  of  continentals  and  North  Caro- 
lina and  Virginia  militia,  under  Major  Generals  De 
Kalb  and  Gates,  successively,  had  been  marching  to  the 
relief  of  South  Carolina;  reaching  this  State  in  August 
they  were  joined  by  various  bodies  of  South  Carolina 
troops,  and  on  the  16th,  was  fought  the  Battle  of  Cam- 
den in  which  Gates's  army  suffered  defeat  and  rout. 

The  British  were  very  much  elated  over  the  victory 
at  Camden,  and  again  flattered  themselves  that  all  op- 
position in  South  Carolina  was  effectually  subdued, 
but  the  spirit  of  independence  was  not  to  be  crushed 
out  in  South  Carolina,  and  the  partisan  organizations 
once  more  began  to  operate  as  Henry,  of  the  Wynd, 
did,  "'on  their  own  hook".  Scores  of  skirmishes  and 
and  fights  took  place  in  all  parts  of  the  State — some 
in  Orangeburgh  District,  ah-eady  mentioned — and  the 
South  Carolina  patriots  had  all  but  redeemed  the 
State  from  the  hands  of  the  British  when  Gen.  Greene 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  503 

arrived  in  the  State  from  the  North  to  complete  the 
conquest. 

As  an  example  of  what  this  partisan  warfare  was, 
some  accounts  of  the  Revolutionary  experiences  of 
Tarleton  Brown,  of  that  part  of  Orangeburgh  District 
which  was  afterwards  formed  into  Barn w- ell  District, 
taken  from  his  "Memoirs",  will  serve.  He  relates  that 
when  troops  were  first  called  for  in  1775,  a  draft  was 
ordered  in  his  section,  and  that  he  was  among  those 
drafted;  and  that  they  were  marched  to  Pocataligo, 
then  under  command  of  General  Stephen  Bull*,  where 
they  were  stationed  about  seven  weeks.  Nothing  of 
importance  happening  his  company  was  discharged 
and  returned  to  their  homes.  Scarely  had  they  got 
there,  he  writes,  before  there  was  another  draft  for 
the  first  siege  of  Savannah.f  He  escaped  draft,  but 
was  employed  by  William  Bryant  to  take  his  place. 
They  embarked  in  an  open  boat  on  the  Savannah 
River,  Capt,  Moore  commanding  the  company,  and 
passed  down  the  river  to  Savannah,  which  they  reach- 
ed in  three  days.  He  writes:  "We  passed  some 
heavy  and  mortal  shots  at  the  enemy,  which  were  re- 
turned with  equal  fierceness  and  more  deadly  effect". 
*  *  *  *  "We  stayed  at  Savannah  about 
seven  weeks,  and  then  returned  to  South  Carolina,  un- 
der the  command  of  Gen.  Bull."  He  then  relates  that 
having  become  attached  to  the  army  he  enlisted  in 
the  regular  service,  in  April  1776,  at  Fort  Littleton, 
Beaufort  District,  commanded  by  Captain  William 
Harden.:]:  He  next,  in  July  1777,  left  Capt.  Harden 
and  immediately  joined  Col.  James  Thompson's  de- 
tach ment§  on  Pipe  Creek,  from  which  point  he  went 

*He  was  only  a  colonel  at  that  time. 

tFebruary,  1776. 

JState  regulars — not  Continentals. 

^.Coi.  James  Tliompsun  is  mentioned  in  Gen.  DeSaussure's  pam- 


504  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Oil  an  expedition  to  Georgia  under  Capt.  John  Mum- 
ford.  In  this  expedition  Muniford  was  wounded  and 
John  Booth  killed. 

He  next  relates  that  during  the  tinal  siege  of  Char- 
lestown,  "Captain  Mumford,  in  attempting  to  make  his 
way  to  the  American  Army,  was  attacked  at  Morris' 
Ford,  Saltketchie,  hy  old  Ben  John  and  his  gang  of 
Tories,  In  this  encounter  the  poor  fellow  lost  his  lite, 
and  a  trner  patriot  and  braver  soldier  never  fell.  He 
now  sleeps  at  the  foot  of  a  large  pine,  on  the  left 
hand  side  of  the  main  road  to  Barnwell  C  H.,  a 
few  rods  South  of  the  bridge,  just  at  the  turn  of  the 
road  from  which  you  can  see  the  bridge".       *       «       * 

"In  conjunction  with  Joshua  Innjan  and  John  Green, 
I  raised  a  company  of  horse,  which  we  called  the  'Ran- 
gers,' with  the  view  of  scouting  those  sections  of  the 
country  adjacent  to  the  Savannah  River,  both  in  Geor- 
gia and  Carolina,  as  occasion  required." 

*         %         *         *         *         »         *         *         *         * 

"A  few^  months  subsequent  to  this  period,  I  withdrew 
frou)  the  'Rangers'  at  Cracker's  Neck,  and  connect- 
ed myself  with  a  company  of  militia  keeping  guard  at 
Burton's  Ferry.  We  exchanged  shots  almost  every 
day  with  the  British  and  Tories,  who  were  on  the  op- 
posite side  (Georgia)."       *****=;=* 

"On  one  occasion  I  was  under  the  necessity  of  going- 
home  on  some  important  business.  Soon  after  my  ar- 
rival, a  company  of  horse  passed  directly  in  front  of  our 
residence.  My  first  impression  concerning  them  was 
that  they  were  a  reinforcement  of  our  guard  at  the  ferry. 

phlet,  and  by  the  Journal  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  as  having  been 
commissioned  as  captain  of  the  Round  O  company,  of  the  Colleton 
County  Regiment,  Jan.  11,  177(5.  As  he  seems  by  the  above  to  have 
commanded  a  regiment  in  July,  1777,  he  must  have  raised  it  in  the 
meantime  in  the  section  between  theEdisto  and  the  Savannah  rivers. 
Major  Bourguoin  is  mentiened  as  of  Thompson's  command. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  505 

So  soon  as  I  had  finished  my  l)usiness,  I  retarned  with 
all  possible  speed,  overjoyed  at  the  prospect  of  an  ac- 
cession to  our  numbers.  On  reaching  the  fort,  to  my 
astonishment,  I  found  it  completely  evacuated.  My 
reinforcement  turned  out  to  be  a  gang  of  Tories  from 
Jackson's  Branch,  on  the  Saltl\atchie,  commanded  b}^ 
that  famous  old  Tor3%  Ned  Williams.  When  they 
rode  up  to  the  ferry,  the  guard  took  them  to  be 
friends,  and  gave  them  a  cordial  reception,  congratu- 
lating themselves  upon  so  large  an  addition  to  their 
force.  Thus  they  unconsciously  and  ignorantly  de- 
livered themselves  up  to  the  enemy,  and  were  taken 
across  the  river  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  large 
body  of  British  and  Tories,  stationed  at  Harbard's 
store,  about  two  miles  from  the  ferry.  The  intelli- 
gence of  this  capture  reached  Col.  Leroy  Hammond  at 
Augusta,  who,  without  delay,  marched  down  at  the 
head  of  an  effective  force,  and  slew  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  enemy,  releasing  and  retui-ning  with  the  Whig 
captives  to  Augusta,  from  whence  my  father,  who  was 
one  among  the  number  taken,  came  safely  home". 
Following  this  the  writer  gives  some  idea  of  the  toils 
and  perils  of  the  Carolina  Whigs  in  those  dark  days, 
and  then  he  goes  on  to  tell  of  an  expedition  into 
Georgia,  and  upon  the  return  to  South  Carolina  he 
says:  "We  learnt  that  Capt.  James  Roberts,  who  had 
been  scouting  with  a  company  on  the  Edisto  River, 
had  (wdiilst  encamping  for  the  night,  by  some  treach- 
ery of  the  Tories,)  been  delivered  into  the  hands  of 
Col.  Chaney  and  W^illiams,  who  cruelly  butchered 
many  of  his  men,  Capt.  Roberts  and  the  rest  escaping 
only  with  their  lives.  For  this  outrage  we  deter- 
mined to  have  satisfaction.  So  thirty-six  men,  myself 
among  the  number,  immediately  volunteered  under 
Capt.  Joseph  Vince,  a  Hne  officer  and  a  brave  soldier, 
to  pui'sue  these  scoundrels,  and  to  avenge  the  blood  of 


506  THE  HISTORY  OF 

our  brave  comrades.  We  overtook  some  of  their 
number  in  what  is  called  the  'Fork  of  Edisto  River,' 
upon  whom  we  visited  summary  and  immediate  jus- 
tice, killing  five  or  six.  From  thence  we  proceeded  to 
Captain  Salley's  'Cowpens',  a  few  miles  distant.  Whilst 
there  our  commander  rode,  unaccompanied,  to  a  mill 
located  near  the  house  of  the  Pens.  Here  he  was  fired 
upon  by  several  Tories  lying  in  ambush  hard  by  and 
seriously  wounded  by  musket  shot — in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  disabled  fronj  doing  duty  for  some 
time.  This  unfortunate  circumstance  interrupting 
our  further  march,  we  were  compelled  to  retrace  our 
steps  and  return  to  headquarters,  Savannah  River". 

The  writer  next  describes  how  a  band  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  Tories  under  Chaney  and  Williams 
murdered  Adam  Wood,  one  of  his  neighbors,  and 
burned  his  house;  and  relates  that  after  the  outrage 
the  Tories  started  towards  Capt.  Vince's  station,  on 
Savannah  River,  and  that  he  (Brown)  suggested  to 
John  Cave  that  they  warn  Capt.  Vince  of  his  danger, 
which  they  did.  He  states  that  as  Yince's  force  num- 
bered only  twenty-five  it  was  thought  best  to  abandon 
the  fort,  which  was  accordinglj^  done,  and  when  the 
Tories  arrived  they  found  nothing.  He  then  goes  on: 
"Fi'om  this  point  they  turned  towards  their  headquar- 
ters, on  Edisto.  In  crossing  Lower  Three  Runs,  they 
stopped  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Collins,  a  very  quiet  and 
inoffensive  man,  and  far  advanced  in  years,  say  about 
eighty-five.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  sentiments 
of  this  old  gentleman,  he  njaintained  a  strictly  neu- 
tral position,  shouldering  arms  on  neither  side;  yet 
those  fiends  of  darkness  dispatched  him.  with  his  head 
as  white  as  snow  by  the  frost  of  many  winters,  for  an 
eternal  world."  He  writes  that  he  continued  scouting 
in  both  Carolina  and  Georgia  until  the  fall  of  Charles- 
town;  that  after  the  fall  everything  looked  so  dark  and 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  507 

gloom}^  in  South  (yarolina  that  his  brother,  Bartlet, 
and  himself  determined  to  refugee  to  Virginia  until 
the  outlook  in  Carolina  should  become  brighter;  but 
that  they  had  scarcely  reached  Virginia  when  they 
learned  that  the  Tories  had  been  committing  many 
outrages  in  South  Carolina,  "particularly  in  our  own  dis- 
trict. The  substance  of  which  was  that  McGeart  and 
his  company  of  Tories  crossed  the  Savannah  River 
from  Georgia,  at  Sum  merlin's  Ferry  (now  called 
Stone's  Ferry),  taking  the  course  of  the  river,  and 
killing  every  man  he  met  who  had  not  sworn  allegi- 
ance to  the  King,  This  notorious  scoundrel  passed  in 
this  trip  through  the  neighborhood  where  my  father 
lived,  and  brutally  murdered  seventeen  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, among  whom  were  my  father,  Henry  Best,  and 
Moore,  leaving  John  Cave  for  dead,  who  afterwards 
recovered.  They  burnt  my  father's  house  level  with 
the  ground,  and  destroyed  everything  he  possessed — 
my  mother  and  sisters  escaping  by  fleeing  to  the 
woods,  in  which  they  concealed  themselves  until  the 
vile  wretches  departed.  But  the  work  of  death  did 
not  stop  here.  This  atrocious  deed  of  the  sanguinary 
McGeart  and  his  band  was  shortly  succeeded  by  an- 
other equally,  nay,  doubly  cruel.  The  British  Col. 
Brown  marched  down  from  Augusta  with  an  over- 
whelming force  of  Tories  and  Indians,  and  taking 
their  stand  at  'Wiggins'  Hill',  commenced  a  slaughter 
of  the  inhabitants.  The  news  of  which  reached  the 
ears  of  those  brave  and  dauntless  officers.  Cols.  McCoy 
and  Harden,  who  soon  hastened  to  the  defence  of  the 
terrified  Whigs,  and  coming  upon  the  enemy,  charged 
upon  them  and  killed  and  routed  them  to  a  man,  Coli 
Brown  escaping  to  the  woods.  Cols.  McCoy  and  Har- 
den, having  accomplished  all  that  was  required  of 
them,  retired  from  the  held  of  action,  after  which 
Brown  i-eturned  with  the  residue  of  his  force  and  re- 


508  THE  HISTORY  OF 

took  the  'Hill,'  at  which  he  remained  until  he  hung 
five  of  our  brave  fellows — Britton  Williams,*  Charles 
Blunt,  and  Abraham  Smith,  the  names  of  the  other 
two  not  recollected — then  he  decamped  for  Augusta." 

The  old  veteran  then  relates  that  when  Bartlet  and 
himself  heard  of  these  outrages  they  at  once  returned 
to  South  Carolina  to  avenge  the  killing  of  their  kin- 
dred; that  at  "Kingstree"  they  found  Gen.  Marion  and 
joined  his  brigade.  Account  is  given  of  several  of 
Marion's  engagements,  and  then  the  writer  once  more 
returns  to  his  own  district.     He  says: 

"On  the  first  day  of  April,  1781,  I  left  Gen.  Marion 
on  the  Big  Pee  Dee  River,  in  company  with  eighty 
others,  forming  a  detachment  under  command  of 
Cols.  Harden  and  Baker,  and  Major  John  Cooper.  The 
two  last  named  oflicers  were  from  Midway  settlement, 
Georgia.  There  were  also  several  other  brave  and 
energetic  men  who  rendered  themselves  conspicuous 
in  the  war  in  our  detachment,  Fountain  Stewart, 
Robert  Salley,  the  Sharps  and  Goldings,  fron)  Georgia. 
Our  route  lay  by  the  'Four  Holes'.  Crossing  the  Edis- 
to  at  Givham's  Ferry,  we  fell  in  with  a  man  who  as- 
sisted Brown  in  hanging  the  five  brave  fellows  at 
'Wiggins'  Hiir.  We  gave  him  his  due,  and  left  his 
body  at  the  disposal  of  the  birds  and  wild  beasts.  Pur- 
suing our  march,  we  came  to  'Red  Hill,'  within  about 
two  miles  of  Patterson's  Bridge,  Saltkatchie.  It  was 
now^  in  the  night,  but  the  moon  being  in  full  strength, 
and  not  a  cloud  to  darken  her  rays,  it  was  almost  as 
bright  as  day.  Near  this  place  were  stationed  a  body 
of  Tories,  commanded  by  Capt.  Barton.  They  were 
desperate  fellows,  killing,  plundering,  and  robbing  the 
inhabitants  without  mercy  or  feeling.  A  company  of 
men,  commanded  by  Major  Cooper,  were  now  sent  to 

*Britt<)ii  Williams  had  been  a   riK'iulH'r  of  tiic  State   lejrislatiin-. 
1  See  page  276. ) 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  509 

see  what  they  could  do  with  those  murderers.  In  a 
few  minutes  after  their  departure  we  heard  them 
fighting,  which  continued  nearly  one  hour,  when 
Cooper  returned  and  told  us  he  had  killed  the  greater 
part  of  them,  with  but  the  loss  of  one  man,  John  Stew- 
ard, from  Georgia."* 

The  writer  then  gives  an  account  of  the  capture  of 
Pocataligo  by  Col.  Harden.  The  next  day  Col.  Mc- 
Coy's detachment  came  up  and  the  Brown  brothers 
joined  him  and  turned  their  faces  once  more  toward 
home.  On  their  way  home  they  chased  Ned  Williams 
and  his  gang  of  Tories  into  Saltkahatchie  swamp. 
Continuing  he  says:  "Next  morning  we  went  up  to  the 
'Big  house,'  now^  belonging  to  Col.  Hay,  and  there 
found  those  of  my  father's  family  that  the  Tories  and 
Indians  bad  left,  whom  we  had  not  seen  before  for 
twelve  months." 

After  recounting  various  other  expeditions  iti  which 
he  and  many  of  his  neighbors  took  part  he  goes  on  to 
say:  ''Although  the  war  had  closed,  the  Tories  were 
still  troublesome,  plundering  and  occasionally  killing 
the  inhabitants." 

We  now  return  to  the  regular  army.     After  his  do- 

*Extraet  from  a  letter  from  Col.  Harden  to  Gen.  Marion: 

"Camp  on  Saltketcher,  April  18th,  1781. 
'■'•Dear  General: 

"This  will  be  handed  to  you  by  Mr.  Cannon,  who  will  acquaint 
you  of  many  particulars,  which  I  can't  mention  at  this  present. — On 
Saturday,  on  the  Four  Holes,  I  came  to  a  musterfield,  where  I  took  a 
Captain  and  2-5  men,  and  paroled  them,  and  on  Sunday  night  got 
within  six  miles  of  Captain  Barton,  and  six  men  to  guard  him.  I  de- 
tached Major  Cooper  and  fifteen  men  who  surrounded  his  house  and 
ordered  him  to  surrender,  but  he  refused;  a  smart  fire  commenced 
and  Major  Cooper  soon  got  the  better,  wounding  Barton,  who  is  since 
dead,  and  one  other,  killed  three  and  took  two  prisoners.  The  Major 
got  slightly  wounded  and  one  of  his  men,  and  lost  a  fine  youth, 
Stewart,  who  rushed  up  and  was  shot  dead." 


510  THE  HISTORY  OF 

feat  aiKl  rout  at  Camden,  in  August  1780,  Gen.  Gates 
took  a  stand  at  Hillsborough.  N.  C,  where  he  collect- 
ed up  his  scattered  army,  but  moved  down  to  Char- 
lotte at  the  end  of  1780.  On  December  2nd,  1780. 
Gates  was  superseded  by  Major-General  Nathanael 
Greene.  Greene  at  once  commenced  operations.  On 
January  17th,  following,  a  part  of  Greene's  force,  un- 
der Gen.  Daniel  Morgan,  won  a  signal  victory  over  the 
British  under  Col.  Tarleton,  at  Cowpens,  and  the  Am- 
ericans began  at  once  to  recover  much  of  their  lost 
ground.  Battle  after  battle  was  fought,  with  more  or 
less  success  to  the  Americans,  and  within  one  year 
nearly  every  fortified  position  outside  of  Charlestown 
had  been  either  captured  or  so  harassed  as  to  cause 
an  evacuation  of  it. 

On  February  19th,  1781,  General  Sumter  crossed  the 
Congaree  in  force  and  appeared  before  Fort  Granby* 

*  "Camp  at  Friday's  Ferry,  Feb.  20tli,  1781. 
''Dear  Sir: 

"Hurry  of  l)usine.«s  ot)l]'«i:e.s  me  to  he  laeoniek.  I  arrived  at  this 
place  yesterdaj'  morning  about  lour  o'clock.  Shortly  after,  attacked 
the  fort,  with  which  I  have  been  ever  since  engaged.  Everything 
hitherto  favorable,  and  have  no  doubt  but  I  shall  sucfved,  if  not  in- 
terrupted by  Lord  Rawdon,  who,  T  know,  will  strip  his  post  as  bare 
of  men  as  possible  to  spare,  to  obviate  which,  as  far  as  may  be  in  your 
power,  it  is  my  Avish  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  move  in  such  a  di- 
rection as  to  attract  his  attention,  and  thereby  prevent  his  designs. 
Timely  assistance  in  this  way  portends  much  good  to  this  State.  I 
have  also  to  request  that  every-  inhabitant  of  this  State,  westward  of 
Santee  be  permitted  to  join  their  respective  Regiments,  or  rather  im- 
mediately repair  to  my  station.  I  desired  Col.  Marshall,  with  what 
men  Ave  could  collect  to  march  down,  eastAvard  of  Camden,  and  Avill 
probably  fall  in  with  you  in  good  time.  I  Avish  and  l)eg  that  you  Jiuiy 
suppress  every  species  of  plundering,  as  the  greatest  cA'ils  to  the  pub- 
lick,  as  Avell  as  individuals,  are  experienced  thereby.  You  cannot  be 
too  particular.  The  enemy  oblige  the  negroes  they  have  to  make  fre- 
quent sallies.  This  circumstance  alone  is  sutticient  to  rouse  and  fix 
the  resentment  and  detestation  of  CAeiy  American  Avho  possesses  com- 
mon feelings.  I  shall  be  happy  to  receive  an  account  of  the  state  of 
things  to  the  East  and  NortliAvard.     If  you  can,  Avith  propriety,  ad- 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  511 

in  Orangeburgh  District,  and  destroyed  all  the  British 
stores.  Lord  Rawdon,  then  commanding  the  British 
forces  in  Sonth  Carolina,  immediately  marched  from 
Camden  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Granby,  npon  which  Gen. 
Sumter  retired.  Of  this  attack  Simms  says,  p.  209: 
"Such  was  the  vigor  with  which  he  pressed  the  fort, 
that  his  marksmen,  mounted  upon  a  temporary  struc- 
ture of  rails,  had  reduced  the  garrison  to  the  last 
straits,  when  they  were  relieved  by  the  unexpected 
approach  of  succor  under  lord  Rawdon,  who  appeared 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  Unable  to  contend 
with  the  superior  force  of  the  British,  Sumter  made  a 
sudden  retreat."  Gen.  Moultrie  says,  Memoirs,  p.  273, 
that  Gen.  Sumter  the  next  day  "appeared  before  an- 
other British  post  near  Col.  Thompson's",  which  was 
probably  "Bellville"  itself. 

On  April  25th,  the  Battle  of 
Hobkirk's  Hill  took  place  near 
Camden,  between  the  forces  of 
General  Greene  and  Lord  Raw- 
don. 

On  May  8th  General  Marion 
and  Col.  Henry  Lee,  of  Virgin- 
ia, (father  of  General  Robert  E. 
Lee)  crossed  the  Santee,  and 
moved  up  to  Fort  Motte,  and 
began  their  approaches,!  which      (,]  x.  i-  k  \n(  is  maiuon 

vauce  Southwardly  so  as  to  co-operate,  or  correspond  with  me,  it 
might  have  the  best  of  conseciuences. 

"I  am,  dear  sir,  witli  tlie  greatest  regards, 

"Your  most  obd't  humble  serv't, 

"Thos.  Sumter. 

"P.  S.— I  am  extremely  short  of  ammunition:  if  you  are  well-sup- 
plied, should  be  much  obliged  to  you  to  send  some  into  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Buckingham's  ferry."— Letter  to  Gen.  Marion. 

*By  courtesy  of  Everett  Waddey  Company,  publishers  Chaimian's 
School  History  of  South  Carolina. 

t  "Head  Quarters,  Colonel's  Creek,  May  10th,  1781. 

"General  Greene  has  this  moment  received  information  that  the 


512  THE  HISTORY  OF 

were  carried  on  very  rapidly  until  the  12th,  wheFi  the 
post  surrendered.*  Of  the  siege  of  Fort  Motte,  Gen. 
Moultrie  says.  Memoirs,  p.  280:  "They  infornied  Mrs. 
Motte,  that  they  were  afraid  that  they  should  be 
obliged  to  set  fire  to  her  house,  which  stood  in  the 
centre  of  the  fort:  she  begged  them  that  they  would 
not  consider  her  house  as  of  any  consequence  in  the 
general  cause;  and  with  great  patriotism  and  firm- 
ness, presented  them  with  an  African  bow,  and  quiv- 

enemy  have  eA'acnated  Camden.  They  moved  out  this  moriiinj?  ear- 
ly, after  destroying  the  mill,  the  goal,  and  their  .stores,  together  with 
many  private  houses;  Avhat  may  have  induced  this  unexpected  and 
precipitate  movement  is  uncertain,  hut  the  General  is  of  opinion  that 
the  same  motives  which  have  induced  Lord  Eawdon  to  take  this  step 
will  also  induce  the  evacuation  of  all  the  outposts,  which  the  enemy 
have  at  Ninety-.Six,  Augusta  and  on  the  Conga ree.  He  begs  3'ou  to 
take  such  measures  as  may  prevent  Ihe  garrison  at  Mott'sfroni  escap- 
ing. The  army  was  to  have  moved  to-morroAv  morning  towards  Fri- 
day's Ferry.  I  will  move  that  way  still,  though  by  a  different  route 
and  perhaps  more  slowly.  It  is  uncertain  which  way  Lord  Rawdon 
took  his  route;  it  was  either  to  George  Town  or  Charles  Town  and 
most  prohaMy  the  latter.  The  Cleneral  is  lirmly  of  opinion  tlie  enemy 
will,  if  they  can,  evacuate  all  their  out-posts.  You  will  therefore  take 
such  measures  as  you  think  best  calculated  to  prevent  their  design. 
"I  am,  sir,  with  high  respect, 

"Your  most  obd't,  most  humble  serv'f., 

"Nath.  Pendleton,  Aid-de-Canij)." — to 
General  Marion. 

*  "The  12th,  Motte's  fort  sub.mitted  to  Gen'l  Marion;  the  garrison 
consisted  of  upward  of  one  hundred  and  forty  men;  one  hundred  and 
twenty  were  British  or  Hessians,  with  seven  or  eight  officers.  Tiie 
place  had  been  invested  the  Sth;  nor  did  it  surrender  till  our  troops 
had  made  their  approaches  regularly  up  to  the  abbatis;  the  redoubt 
was  very  strong,  and  commanded  l)y  Lieutenant  M'Pherson,  a  very 
brave  young  officer.  Great  |>raise  is  due  fo  General  Marion,  and  the 
handful  of  militia  that  remained  with  him  till  the  reduction  of  the 
fort.  Lieut.  Col.  Lee's  Legion,  and  the  detachments  under  Major  Ea- 
ton, the  artillery  under  Caj)t.  Finlay,  and  tiie  corps  of  Infantry  under 
Captains  Oldham  and  .^mith,  were  indefatigable  in  canying  on  the 
siege.  There  were  found,  in  the  fort,  one  carronade,  one  hundred  and 
forty  muskets,  a  (piantity  of  salt  provisions,  and  other  stores." — Ex- 
tract from  letter  from  Gen.  Greene  to  Samuel  Huntingdon,  Es(i.,  da- 
ted at  "Camp  at  McCord's  Ferry",  May  14,  1781. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  513 

er  of  arrows,  and  requested  they  would  burn  the 
house  as  quick  as  they  could.  With  the  arrows,  and 
vskewers  with  combustibles  tied  to  them  fired  from 
muskets,  they  soon  put  the  house  in  a  blaze;  and  the 
garrison  commanded  by  Lieutenant  MTherson*  im- 
mediately surrendered  at  discretion.  Mrs.  Motte  who 
had  retired  to  a  house  at  a  little  distance  from  her 
own,  was  extremely  rejoiced  at  seeing  the  garrison 
surrender,  although  at  the  expense  of  her  own  elegant 
house." 

"Two  days  after  this  surrender",  says  Gen.  Moultrie, 
"the  British  quitted  their  post  at  Nelson's-ferry,f  on 
the  south  side  of  Santee-river,  about  sixty  miles  from 
Charleston,  blew  up  their  works  and  destroyed  a  great 
part  of  their  stores.  A  few  days  after.  Fort  Granby, 
in  Granb}',  on  Congaree-river,  (which  had  been  much 
harrassed  by  Colonel  Taylor's  regiment  of  militia)  sur- 
rendered to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Lee. J     The  garrison 

"I  beg  leave  to  return  you  iiiaiiv  thanks  for  your  politeness  in 
transmitting  to  nie  the  letters  wiiieh  fell  into  your  possession  at  Motte's 
house.  Lieut.  M'Piierson  having  mentioned  to  me  that  you  proposed 
an  exchange  of  the  garrison  taken  at  that  post,  I  have  only  to  ])romise, 
that  an  equal  number  of  continental  ofticers  and  soldiers  shall  be  im- 
mediately set  at  liberty  for  all  such  as  General  Greene  may  think 
proper  to  send  to  Charleston." — Extract  from  letter  from  Lord  Rawdon 
to  Gen.  Greene,  May  14,  178L 

fNelsoii's  Ferry  is  the  point  on  the  8antee  river  where  the  dividing 
line  between  Cliarlestown  and  Orangeburgh  districts  commenced. 

JHead  Ciuarters,  Congaree,  May  18th,  1781. 
"Sir: 

"I  am  directed  by  Gen'l  Greene  to  inform  you  of  the  surrender  of 
Fort  (jrranby ;  five  pieces  of  iron  Ordnance,  nineteen  officers  and  three 
hundred  and  twenty  nine  privates  fell  into  our  hands.  The  army 
will  march  this  morning  on  the  route  to  Ninety-Six.  The  General 
has  directed  General  Sumter  to  continue  at  this  post  to  command  and 
organize  the  militia.  You  will  be  pleased  to  continue  to  harrass  the 
enemv  and  to  receive  General  Sunjter's  orders.    You  will  also  arrange 


514 


THE  HISTORY  OF 


commanded  by  Major  Maxwell,  consisted  of  about 
three  hundred  and  fifty  men,  most  of  then)  militia:  in 
all  these  different  forts,  the  Americans  took  a  large 
quantity  of  stores.  Lord  Ruwdon  l)ping  on  the  south 
side  of  Santee-river,  marched  down  immediately  to 
the  relief  of  Fort  Granby,  but  after  marching  fourteen 
miles,  he  met  officers  of  that  garrison  on  their  way  to 
town  as  prisoners  of  war,  and  paroled  to  Charleston; 
upon  which,  he  returned." 

Oil  May  II th  the  post  at 
Orangeburgh,  consisting  of 
seventy  militia  and  twelve 
regulars  surrendered  to  Gen- 
eral Sumter.*  There  is  a  tra- 
dition that  Sumter  came  into 
town  by  the  "Bellville"  road, 
and  that  as  he  reached  a  spot 
on  Russell  Street  about  in 
front  of  where  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  is  now  he  stopped 
and  planted  his  cannon  under  a  large  oak  tree  which 
stood  there  then,  and  which  stood  there  for  upward  of 

your  Brigade  with  expedition,  and  be  in  readiness  to  eo-operate  with 
this  army,  sliould  an  opportunity  offer. 

"I  am,  with  great  respect, 

"Your  most  ol)d't.  luinibie  servant, 

"J.  Burnet,  Aid-de-Canip." — to  Gen. 
Marion. 

*"On  the  11th  the  post  of  Orangeburgh,  defended  by  eighty  men,  un- 
der tlie  command  of  a  colonel  and  other  otlicers,  surrendered  to  Gen. 
Sumter,  who,  by  his  skill  in  the  disposition  of  his  Artillery  and 
Troops,  so  intimidated  the  garrison,  that  the  place  soon  submitted. 
We  thus  got  possession  of  a  very  strong  post,  without  loss  either  of 
men  or  time;  a  great  quantity  of  provisions  and  other  stores  were 
found  in  it." — Extract  from  letter  from  Gen.  Greene  to  Samuel  Hunt- 
ingdon, Esq. 


GEN.  THOMAS  SUMTER. f 


fBy  courtesy  of  Everett  Waddey  Company,  pul)lishers  Chapman's 
School  History  of  South  Carolina. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  515 

one  Imndrecl  years  after.*  After  firing  a  few  shots 
from  this  position  Gen.  Sumter  moved  on  down  to  a 
point  on  Broughton  Street,  about  in  front  of  the  resi- 
dence of  the  late  Harpin  Riggs.  There  he  placed  his 
artillery  under  another  large  oak,  which  stood  there, 
and  was  still  there  up  to  about  1S90.     Froui  this  posi- 


*When  the  same  tree  was  cut  down,  the  following  story  concerning 
it  appeared  in  an  Orangeburg  paper: 

"A  Landmark  Removkd.— The  old  oak  that  has  stood  in  Russell 
Street,  and  shaded  that  thoroughfare  during  its  whole  career,  that  has 
been  one  of  Orangeburg's  primaeval  landmarks  since  it  has  been  a 
'burg,  has  at  last  been  felled.  The  grand  old  tree  has  been  dead  for 
several  years,  but  has  stood  in  the  sunshine  and  the  storm,  grand  even 
in  its  decay.  Standing  right  in  the  road  where  General  Sumter 
marched  to  attack  tiie  British  garrison  then  occupying  the  jail,  his 
ancient  artillery  rumbling  over  its  roots,  the  old  oak  where  it  voiced, 
could  tell  of  historic  love.  Separated  from  its  hoary  comrades  of  the 
forest,  it  has  stood  in  the  heart  of  our  growing  town,  looking  and 
smiling  upon  its  iniprovements.  At  last  in  a  green  old  glory,  it  has 
'departed  in  peace.' 

"The  town-  councd  has  had  it  hewn  down,  and  its  massy  trunk, 
riven  by  explosion,  has  been  removed.  In  the  summer  afternoon;  as 
the  reports  of  the  blasting  reverl)erated  on  the  air,  they  seemed  a  fun- 
eral salute  over  its  remains. 

"So  alas;  must  dear  and  grand  old  prejudices,  smiling  as  if  in  re- 
luctant recognition  of  progressive  change  and  advancement,  pass  away 
with  things  and  systems  of  the  past. 

"We  publish  below  a  beautiful  poem,  l)y  Scribbler  an  occasional, 
and  esteemed  contributor: 

"THE  OLD  OAK. 

"When  vengefully,  the  storms  swept  by. 
With  maddening  roar  and  livid  sky. 
Was  lit  with  flashings,  (piick  and  dread. 
Thou'st  held  aloft,  thy  sturdy  head 
Like  Hector,  when  his  noble  dead. 

Around  him  countless  lay. 
Defiant  though  the  feo  drove  fast, 
Umnoved  amid  tlie  wildest  blast 
Thy  stalwart  limbs,  stripped  bare,  and  left 
Of  every  kindred  soul  bereft, 
And  front  with  myriad  gashings  cleft, 

Yet  braving  up  alway. 


516  THE  HISTORY  OF 

tioii  Gen.  Sumter  soon  broiigbt  the  ganison  to  terms.* 
Gen.  Sumter  is  said  to  have  been  assisted  lr>y  Capt. 
Henry  Felder  with  his  company  of  niilitia,  and  the 
two  old  cannons  now  standing  in  Oi'angebnrgh — one 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  Russell  and  Church  Streets 
and  the  other  on  the  southwest  coiner  of  Russell  and 
Market  Streets — are  said  to  have  been  used  by  him  io 
the  siege. 

Of  the  events  just  narrated  Simnis  says,  p.  226  et 
seq:  "The  fall  of  Camdeiif  led  to  the  rapid  overthrow 
of  the  enemy's  chain  of  posts  below,  and  completed 
the  recovery  of  the  state  lo  within  thirty  miles  of  the 
sea.  Greene,  concluding  after  the  evacuation  of  this 
place  by  Rawdon,  that  it  would  be  the  enemy's  object 
to  withdraw  his  posts  on  the  Congaree,  and  concen- 

"How  often  have  the  birdlingj?-  uuide. 
Their  home  within  thy  plenteous  shade, 
A  safe  retreat,  till  icy  breath, 
Of  winter  wrapped  in  early  death, 
Thy  pride,  and  scattered  far  bedeatii 

Ty  tendrils  clinging  fast. 
Changes  thou'st  seen,  of  hope  and  dread 
Thou'st  borne,  and  wept  thy  nuniereus  dead 
Thou'st  won  the  fight,  'gainst  many  a  storm, 
Yet  time  hath  gnarled  thy  giant  form 
And  age  hath  fed  the  wasting  worm. 

And  death  exults  at  last." 

*  Captain  Thomas  Young,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  Avho  was  still 
living  in  1848,  wrote  an  account  of  some  of  his  experiences,  and, 
among  other  things,  says:  "T  joined  a  detachment  of  whigs,  under 
Colonel  Brandon,  and  scouted  through  the  country  until  we  reached 
the  siege  of  Fort  Motte.  There  I  remained  several  days,  when  we 
joined  a  detachment,  under  Colonel  Hampton,  to  take  Orangeburg. 
The  State  troops  out-marched  us,  for  we  had  a  piece  of  artillery  to 
manage;  we  arrived  the  morning  after  them.  As  soon  as  the  field- 
piece  was  brought  to  bear  upon  the  house,  a  breach  was  made  through 
the  gable  end — then  another  lower  down — then  about  the  centre,  and 
they  surrendered." 

t  Lord  Rawdon  evaeuafedl'tundvn,  on  May  lOlli,  and  gradually  re- 
tired into  Charlestown. 


ORANGEBUKG  COUNTY.  517 

trate  them  helov\'  the  Saiitee.  dispatched  expresses  to 
Marion  and  Sumter,  to  prepare  themselves  for  such 
an  event.  He,  himself,  ordering  the  army  to  pi'oceed 
by  the  Camden  road  for  the  Congaree,  took  an  escort 
of  cavalry  and  moved  down  in  person  to  Fort  Motte. 
At  McCord's  ferry  he  received  the  tidings  of  the  capi- 
tulation of  this  place.  Fort  Motte  lies  above  the  fork, 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Congaree.  The  works  of  the 
British  were  built  around  the  mansion  house  of  the 
lady  whose  name  it  bore,  and  from  which,  in  their 
savage  recklessness  of  shame,  the  British  officers  had 
expelled  her.*  It  was  a  noble  mansion,  of  considera- 
ble value;  but  not  of  so  much  value  as  to  abridge  the 
patriotism  of  the  high  spirited  owner.  Defended  by  a 
strong  garrison,  under  a  resolute  commander,  the 
fortress  promised  to  baffle  for  a  long  time  the  progress 
of  the  besiegers.  Under  these  circumstances,  Mrs. 
Motte,  who  had  been  driven  for  shelter  to  a  neighbor- 
ing hovel,  produced  an  Indian  bow,  which,  with  a 
quiver  of  arrows,  she  presented  to  the  American  com- 
mander. 'Take  these,'  she  said,  while  presenting  them, 
'and  expel  the  enemy.  These  will  enable  you  to  fire 
the  house'.  Her  earnest  entreaty  that  this  course 
might  be  adopted,  prevailed  with  the  reluctant  Marion. 
Combustibles  were  fastened  to  the  arrows,  which  w^ere 
shot  into  the  roof  of  the  dwelling;  and  the  patriotic 
woman  rejoiced  in  the  destruction  of  her  property, 

wdien  it  secured  the  conquest  to  her  countrymen." 

********** 

"Driven  out  from  their  place  of  shelter,  the  garrison 


*Rev.  C.  ('.  Pinckiiev,  her  great  grandson,  says,  "Life  of  Thomas 
Pinckney",  p.  81:  "While  comparative  peace  reigned,  Mrs.  Motte 
was  invited  to  occupy  a  part  of  the  house;  but  when  hostilities  were 
resumed  on  the  arrival  of  Greene,  and  Marion  and  Sumter  and  other 
patriotic  leaders  were  assailing  the  British  and  their  allies,  Mrs. 
JNIotte  was  removed  to  her  overseer's  residence." 


518  THE  HISTORY  OF 

at  Fort  Motte  was  fon-ed  to  surrender/^  and  the  force 
under  Marion  was  ready  tor  operation  in  other  quar- 
ters. A  portion  of  it,  under  colonel  Lee,  was  immedi- 
ately despatched  by  Greene,  as  the  vmu  of  the  army, 
for  the  reduction  of  Fort  Gran  by.  The  fall  of  Fort 
Motte  increased  the  panic  of  the  British,  and  two  days 
after  that  event  they  evacuated  their  post  at  Nelson's 
ferry,  blew  up  the  fortifications,  and  destroyed  their 
stores.  Fort  Granby,  after  a  l)i'ief  conflict,  was  sur- 
rendered with  all  its  garrison,  consisting  of  nearly 
four  hundred  men.  The  terms  aflbrded  by  colonel 
Lee,  were  greatly  complained  of  by  the  Carolinians. 
These  terms  gave  to  the  enemy  the  privilege  of  carry- 
ing off  their  baggage,  in  whi(di  there  was  included  an 
immense  quantity  of  plunder.  The  approach  of  lord 
Rawdon,  with  all  his  army,  is  said  to  have  hastened 
the  operations  of  Lee,  and  to  have  led  to  the  liberal 
concessions  which  he  made  to  the  garrison;  but  he 
has  incurred  the  reproach  of  hastening  the  caj)itula- 
tion  in  order  to  anticipate  the  arrival  of  Sumter  and 
the  grand  army.  The  siege  had  been  begun  some 
time  before,  by  Sumter,  who  had  left  colonel  Taylor 
with  a  strong  party  to  maintain  his  position,  while  he 
made  a  sudden  descent  upon  the  enemy's  post  at 
Orangeburgh,  in  which  he  was  thoroughly  successful. 
Sumter,  himself,  conceived  that  he  had  suffered  injury 
by  the  capitulation,  in  which  nothing  was  gained  but 
the  earlier  possession  of  a  post  which  could  not  have 
been  held  many  days  longer,  and  must  have  fallen, 
without  conditions,  and  with  all  its  spoils,  into  the 
hands  of  the  Americans.  It  was  with  bitter  feelings 
that  the  whig  militia  beheld  the  covered  wagons  of 
the  enemy,  drawn  by  their  own   horses,  which  they 


*  Another  account,  with   illustrations,  will  t)c  fouixl   in   Lossing's 
"P'ield  Book  of  the  Revolution"  vol.  2,  p.  477. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  519 

knew  to  be  filled  with  the  plunder  of  their  farms  and 
houses,  driven  away  before  their  eyes." 

The  following  is  Lord  Rawdon's  account  of  these 
operations,  extracted  from  his  report  to  Lord  Corn- 
wallis: 

"My  first  news,  upon  landing-  at  Nelson's,  was,  that 
the  post  at  Motte's  house  had  fallen.  It  was  a  simple 
redoubt,  and  had  been  attacked  formally  by  sap. 
Lieut.  M'Pherson  had  maintained  it  gallantly  till  the 
house  in  the  centre  of  it  was  set  in  flames  by  fire  ar- 
rows, which  obliged  his  men  to  throw  themselves  into 
the  ditch,  and  surrender  at  discretion. 

"But  as  Major  M'Arthur  joined  me  with  near  three 
hundred  foot  and  eighty  dragoons,  I  conceived  I  might, 
without  hazarding  too  far,  endeavor  to  check  the  ene- 
my's operations  on  the  Congaree.  On  the  14th,  at 
night,  I  marched  from  Nelson's,  and  on  the  evening  of 
the  15th  I  reached  the  point  where  the  roads  from 
Congarees  and  M'Cord's  ferry  unite.  Various  infor- 
mation was  brought  to  me  thither  that  Greene  had 
passed  the  Congaree,  at  M'Cord's  ferry,  and  had  pushed 
down  the  Orangeburgh  road.  The  accounts  though 
none  of  them  positive  or  singly  satisfactory,  corres- 
ponded so  much,  that  I  was  led  to  believe  them,  and 
the  matter  was  of  such  moment,  that  it  would  not  ad- 
mit of  my  pausing  for  more  certain  information;  there- 
fore, after  giving  the  troops  a  little  rest,  I  moved  back 
to  Eutaws  the  same  night,  but  hearing  nothing  there, 
I  pursued  ray  march  hither."* 

"The  British",  says  Gen.  Moultrie,  "had  now  lost  all 
their  posts  in  the  three  Southern  States,  except  that 
at  Ninety-six,  one  at  Fort  Golphan,  and  one  at  Au- 
gusta, in  Georgia."! 

*Chaiiestown. 
fFort  Cornwall  is. 


520  THE  HISTORY  OF 

The  day  after  the  taking  of  (iraDby,  (len.  (jreene  dis- 
patched Col.  Lee  with  his  legion  to  take  Fort  dol- 
phin,* and  to  assist  Gen.  Pickens  and  Col.  Clark  in  the 
taking  of  Fort  Cornwallis;  while  he  proceeded  with 
his  niain  force  to  Ninety-Six,  before  which  he  arrived 
on  the  21st  of  May,  1781,  and  immediately  began  his 
approaches.  The  siege  was  continued  until  June  18th, 
when  the  approach  of  Lord  Rawdon  froiu  Charles- 
town,!  with  reinforcements,  compelled  him  to  retreat 
across  the  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers  to  a  point  above 
Winnsboro.  The  subsequent  movements  of  the  two 
armies  are  best  described  in  the  following  letter,  writ- 
ten by  Adjutant-General  Otho  H.  Williams  to  Maj: 
Pendleton,  Aid-de-Camp  to  (len.  (ireeue: 

"Camp  Hills,  Santee,  July  16,  1781. 
"Dear  Pendleton: 

"After  you  left  us  at  Ninety-Six  we  were  obliged  to 
retrograde  as  far  as  the  cross  road«  above  Winus- 
borough.  Lord  Rawdon's  return  over  Saluda  induced 
the  General  to  halt  the  army,  and  wait  for  intelli- 

*Whifh  wii!^  (lone  by  Captain  Rudolph,  one  of  Lee's  officers. 

t  "Congaree,  June  Kjth,  1781. 
"Sir: 

"The  enemy  are  yet  advancing,  are  some  distance  above  Orange- 
burgh,  their  force  consideral)le;  Ninety-8ix  not  yet  taken;  every- 
thing with  respect  to  the  siege  going  on  well;  tinje  is  all  that  is  need- 
ed. I  wrote  to  Gen'l  Greene  for  amnuinition  for  you,  which,  if  he 
furnishes,  I  will  have  forwanled  to  meet  you.  In  one  day  more  the 
enemy's  designs  imist  be  known,  whether  their  object  is  Ninety-Six, 
or  my  party,  to  which  they  have  already  given  much  trouble  in 
marching  and  counter  marching.  As  their  movements  have  been 
very  singular  and  with  uncommon  caution,  they  are  strong  in  horse. 
An  express  this  moment  from  Gen'l.  Greene;  the  post  not  reduced, 
but  m  a  fair  way.     T  am,  sir, 

"Your  most  obd't.  bumble  servant, 

"Thos.  Sumter." — to 
(U'U.  Marion. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  521 

gence  respecting  his  further  manoeuvres,  and  hearing 
a  few  days  after  that  his  lordship  was  on  his  march  to 
fort  Gra^b3^  our  army  was  ordered  to  march  towards 
that  place  by  way  of  Winnsborough.  Before  we  could 
arrive  at  Congaree,  Lord  Rawdon  retired  to  Orange- 
bargh;  and  as  he  had  left  a  considerable  part  of  his 
army  at  Ninety-Six,  (len.  Greene  detached  the  caval- 
ry and  light  infantry  to  join  Gen.  Marion,  and  endeav- 
or to  intercept  Col.  Stewart,  who  was  on  his  march 
from  Charleston  with  the  Third 
Regiment,  &c.,  consisting  of  about 
three  hundred,  conveying  bread, 
stores,  &c.,  of  which  Lord  Raw- 
don's  troops  were  in  great  want. 
Stewart  however  joined  his  lord- 
ship at  Orangeburgh;  and  Gen. 
iGreene,  from  the  information  he 
LORD  RAWDON.  \y^^\  i-ecclved,  was  encouraged  to 
expect  success  from  an  attack  upon  the  British  army 
at  that  post.  Accordingly  he  collected  his  troops,  and 
called  together  the  militia  and  state  troops  under 
Gen's.  Sumter  and  Marion  (Gen.  Pick- 
ens being  left  to  watch  the  motions  of 
Col.  Cruger).  A  junction  of  the  whole 
formed  a  very  respectable  little  army, 
which  marched  to  a  small  branch  of 
North  Edisto,*  within  four  miles  ol 
Orangeburgh,  where  we  halted,  and 
lay  the  12th  instant  from  about  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning  till  six  in  the 
afternoon. 

"Gen.  Greene  reconnoitred  the  position  of  the  ene- 
my, and  found  it  materially  different  from  what  it  had 
been  represented.     The  ground  is  broken,  and  natur- 

*Turkey  Hill  Branch  on  vv  hat  is  now  called  the  old  Columbia  road, 
in  all  probability.  fBy  courtesy  of  Everett  Waddey  Company,  pub- 
lishers Chapman's  School  History  of  South  Carolina. 


"^^v 


GEN.  GREENE.f 


522  THE  HISTORY  OF 

ally  strong,  from  the  Court-bouse  (which  is  two  stories 
high  and  built  of  brick*),  to  a  bridge  four  or  five  hun- 
dred yards  distant,  the  only  pass  over  the  Edisto  with- 
in many  miles.  The  general  had  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve what  he  had  soon  afterwards  confirmed,  that 
Col.  Cruger  had  evacuated  Ninety-Six,  and  was  on  his 
march  to  join  Lord  Rawdon,  which  might  possibly  be 
done  before  we  could  force  his  lordship  (if  he  could  be 
forced  at  all)  to  a  general  action, — the  issue  of  which 
was  not  certain.  These  considerations  induced  the 
General  rather  to  offer  than  give  battle.  The  enemy 
declined  the  opportunity,  and  put  up  with  the  insult. 
Gen.  Greene,  therefore,  ordered  our  troops  to  retire  in 
the  afternoon  to  Col.  Middleton's  plantation,  from 
whence  we  have  proceeded  by  slow  easy  marches  to 
this  place,  and  not  without  leaving  behind  sufficient 
detachments  to  intercept  their  convoys  from  below, 
and  to  create  such  a  diversion  at  Monk's  Corner,  Dor- 
chester, &c.,  as  wall  very  probably  oblige  his  lordship 
to  march  to  their  relief." 

Rawdon's  operations  were  now  confined  almost- en- 
tirely within  that  extent  of  country  which  is  enclosed 
by  the  Santee,  the  Congaree  and  the  North  Edisto. 
Within  these  limits,  after  the  late  retreat  of  Greene, 
Rawdon  evidently  resolved  to  canton  his  forces,  but 
he  soon  found  that  the  Americans  were  not  to  be 
shaken  off.  He  was  no  doubt  surprised  when  he  found 
that  Gen.  Greene  had  not  retreated  a  great  way  off, 
but  had  faced  about  to  give  him  battle  upon  the  Con- 
garee. Having  divided  his  force,  and  left  one  part  of 
it  at  Ninety-Six  under  command  of  Col.  Cruger,  he  felt 
himself  unequal  to  an  encounter,  but  fell  back  before 
the  approaching  Americans  to  Orangeburgh,  where  he 
was  sheltered  on  one  side  by  the  Edisto,  and  on  the 

*That  building  was  destroyed  soon  thereafter,  or  else  Col.  Williams 
mistook  the  jail  for  the  Court  House. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  "  523 

other  by  strong  buildings,  little  inferior  to  redoubts. 
But  even  these  advantages  might  not  have  saved  him, 
had  not  the  approach  of  Cruger  compelled  Greene  to 
withdraw.  Cruger  having  joined  him,  Lord  Rawdon 
left  the  post  at  Orangeburgh  in  command  of  Colonel 
Stewart,  and,  with  five  hundred  of  his  troops  retired 
into  Charlestowu,  the  State  troops  dogging  his  foot- 
steps. 

Having  succeeded  in  driving  Rawdon  from  Camden, 
by  striking  at  the  posts  below,  Greene  determined  to 
pursue  the  same  course  to  compel  the  evacuation  of 
Orangeburgh.  With  this  object  in  view  he  let  loose  in 
the  country  below  Orangeburgh  most  of  the  State 
troops  under  Marion  and  Sumter.  These  so  harassed 
reconnoitering  parties,  convoys,  escorts  and  stragglers; 
so  often  captured  or  cut  off  supplies,  and  otherwise  so 
annoyed  Stewart  that  his  situation  at  Orangeburgh 
was  becoming  precarious,  although  he  had  command 
of  nearly  three  thousand  troops. 

When  Stewart  moved,  he  took  post  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Congaree  and  Wateree  rivers,  but  on  the 
South  side.  He  left  a  force  at  Orangeburgh,  and  Col. 
Lee,  crossing  the  Congaree  with  his  cavalry,  penetrated 
between  the  main  body  of  the  British  army  and  the 
post  at  Orangeburgh,  and  in  sight  of  the  latter  place, 
drove  in,  dispersed  and  captured  several  of  their  de- 
tachments. The  embarrassment  produced  by  such 
operations;  the  great  difficulty  of  procuring  provisions; 
and  the  necessity  of  lessening  his  main  army  to 
strengthen  his  posts  below;  in  order  to  cover  his  com- 
munications between  Orangeburgh  and  Charlestown, 
rendered  the  position  of  Stewart  still  more  critical. 

The  concentration  by  Greene  of  most  of  his  detach- 
ments at  a  general  rendezvous,  determined  the  move- 
ments of  Stewart.  Falling  back  upon  his  re-inforce- 
ments   and    convoys,    he   took   a   position   at   Eutaw 


524  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Springs,  about  forty  miles  from  Orangeburgh.  He  was 
followed  by  Col.  Lee,  who  was  pushed  forward  to  watch 
his  movements,  while  Gen.  Pickens,  with  his  South 
Carolina  militia,  advanced  with  a  similar  object,  in 
the  neghborhood  of  the  enemy's  post  at  Orangeburgh. 
Meantime,  Greene  crossed  the  Congaree,  and  moved 
down  to  Fort  Motte,*  where  he  resolved  to  discontinue 
the  pursuit  and  await  events. 

This  hesitation  seemed  to  determine  Stewart.  Halt- 
ing at  Eutaw,  he  withdrew  the  garrison  from  Orange- 
burgh, and  establishing  it  at  Fairlawui  Barony,t  he  pre- 
pared for  a  fight.  Greene  being  joined  by  Marion,  fol- 
lowed up,  and  on  September  8th,  1781,  the  battle  of 
Eutaw  was  fought.:|:  Although  the  action  was  inde- 
cisive Stewart  retreated  towards  Charlestowni.  And 
though  he  succeeded  in  escaping  from  his  pursuers,  the 
British  power  in  South  Carolina  was  completely  pros- 
trated by  the  battle  of  Eutaw. 

Meanwhile  intelligence  reached  the  South  that  Corn- 
wallis  contemplated  returning  from  Virginia  to  Caro- 
lina by  land.  A  movement  of  Stewart  seemed  to  con- 
firm the  report.  Having  strengthened  his  army  he 
returned  to  Eutaw. 

*  "Near  Ferguson's  Swamp,  Sept.  11,  1781. 

"In  my  dispatches  of  the  25th  of  August,  I  informed  your  excellen- 
cy, that  we  were  on  the  march  to  Friday's  Ferry,  with  tlie  intent  of 
forming  a  junction  with  the  troops  of  the  State  and  the  corps  of  mili- 
tia that  were  assembled,  and  to  attack  tlie  Englisli  army,  encamped 
near  M'Leod's  Ferry. 

"On  the  27th,  upon  our  arrival  there,  I  received  advice  tliat  tlie 
eneniy  had  retired.  We  passed  tlie  river  at  Howell's  Ferry,  and  our 
tirst  post  was  Motte's  plantation,  where  T  learnt  that  the  enemy  had 
stopped  at  Eutaw  Springs,  about  forty  miles  from  us." — Gen.  Greene 
to  the  President  of  Gongress. 

fThe  plantation  of  Sir  James  Golletoii,  who — by  the  way — sided 
with  the  Americans. 

JEutaw  Springs  are  situated  just  across  the  line  that  then  separated 
Orangeburgh  and  Charlestown  districts. 


COL.  HENRY  LEE 


(tEN.  ANDREW  PICKENS. 


[By  permission,  from  \Vel)er"s  History  of  Soutli  Ciiroliua, 
Ginu  &  Company,  Publishers.] 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  525 

The  advance  of  the  British  to  Eutaw  did  not,  on  their 
part,  result  in  any  increase  of  vigor.  They  took  post 
at  Fludd's  plantation,  three  miles  above  Nelson's  ferry. 
Their  force  of  over  tv\'o  thousand  was  so  much  larger 
than  Greene's  that  it  gave  the  enemy  the  undivided 
command  of  the  country  to  the  South  of  the  Santee 
and  Congaree,  and  westward  to  the  Edisto.  But  Greene 
received  reinforcements  and  within  two  months  of  the 
battle  of  Eutaw  was  again  ready  to  act.  Marion  was 
ordered  to  operate  between  the  Santee  and  Charlestown, 
and  Sumter,  with  his  brigade  of  State  troops,  and  some 
companies  of  his  militia  brigade,  was  ordered  to  take 
post  at  Orangeburgh  and  defend  the  country  against 
the  loyalists  from  Charlestown.* 

Gen.  Sumter  crossed  the  river  in  the  beginning  of 
November,  and  advanced  upon  the  enemy.  He  soon 
fell  in  with  a  strong  party  of  Tories  under  Gen.  Robert 
Cuningham,  who  had  advanced  upon  Orangeburgh, 
and  one  of  his  officers,  a  Major  Morris,  suffered  him- 
self to  fall  into  an  ambuscade,  in  which  he  sustained 
some  loss.     The   forces   of   Sumter  and   Cuningham 

*"Geii  Sumter  has  orders  to  take  post  at  Orangeburg,  to  i^reveut  the 
Tories  in  tluit  quarter  from  conveying  supplies  to  Town,  and  liis  ad- 
vance i^arties  will  penetrate  as  low  as  Dorchester;  therefore  you  may 
act  in  conjunction  with  him"  &c. — Extract  from  a  letter  from  Gen. 
Greene  to  Gen.  Marion,  Nov.  5,  1781. 

"Gen.  Sumter  is  gone  to  take  post  at  Orangeburg." — Greene  to 
Marion,  Nov.  11,  1781. 

"Orangeburg,  Nov.  23,  1781, 
"Sir: 

"I  have  some  reason  to  tliink  Gen.  Greene  don't  mean  to  move 
downward  until  the  lower  posts  are  well  explored,  and  the  number 
and  situation  of  the  enemy  accurately  ascertained."  *  *  *  * 
"The  enemy  in  this  quarter  are  numerous  in  horse,  but  not  formid- 
able."—Sumter  to  Marion. 

"Would  you  wish  to  have  a  part  of  tlie  militia  of  Gen.  Sumter's 
Brigade?  tliey  are  at  Oi'angeburgh  and  Four  Holes— please  to  infonii 
me.  I  suppose  you  have  heard  of  the  General's  resignation;  Col. 
Henderson  is  thought  of  to  succeed  liim." — Gen.  Greene  to  Gen.  Ma- 
rion, March  1,  1782. 


526  THE  HISTORY  OF 

being  nearly  equal,  operated  as  mutual  checks  upon 
each  other.  Cuningham,  who  had  issued  from  Charles- 
town  on  a  pillaging  expedition  into  the  upper  coun- 
try, was  checked  in  his  progress;  while  Sumter,  to  con- 
tinue this  restraint  upon  his  enemy,  and  maintain  him- 
self in  safety,  fell  back  for  the  present,  and  secured 
himself  by  a  carefully  selected  position. 

About  this  time  the  news  of  the  fall  of  Cornvvallis 
at  Yorktown  reached  South  Carolina.  It  gave  confi- 
dence to  Greene  and  caused  Stewart  alarm. 

On  November  ISth,  Greene  struck  camp  at  the  High 
Hills,  and  took  up  the  line  of  march  on  the  route  by 
Simons's  and  McCord's  ferries,  through  Orangeburgh, 
to  Riddlespurger's;  thence  by  the  Indian  field  road  to 
Ferguson's  mill,  wdiere  that  road  crosses  the  Edisto. 
The  remainder  of  Greene's  operations  were  to  the 
South  of  Orangeburg  District.  The  country  from  the 
Edisto  to  the  Santee  became  thrown  open  in  conse- 
quence, for  a  time,  to  the  ravages  of  the  enemy:  and  a 
party  of  Tories,  under  the  command  of  William  Cun- 
ingham, ("Bloody  Bill.")  escaped  from  the  lower  coun- 
try, passed  through  Orangeburg  District,  and  ascended 
the  Saluda  with  a  body  of  three  hundred  horse.* 

By  the  beginning  of  the  year  1782  the  British  held 
no  posts  outside  of  Charlestown,  but  they  did  not  for- 
mally retire  from  that  city  until  December  14th,  1782. 
In  the  meantime  about  the  only  warfare  waged  in 
South  Carolina  was  that  waged  between  Whigs  and 
Tories.  Several  events  of  this  warfare  have  been  re- 
corded. Two  by  Eh'.  Johnson,  in  his  "Traditions'",  con- 
cern us.     Of  the  first  of  these  he  says,  p.  54S: 

*Dr.  Johnsdii,  says,  p.  505:  "Tt  is  supposed,  that  wlien  Bill  Cunning- 
ham made  liis  bloody  incursion  into  tlie  up-country,  in  17S1,  his  aim 
was  to  surprise  and  capture  Haminond."  (Col.  Samuel.)  But  on  the 
other  hand  he  did  not  surprise  Hammond,  hut  was  worried  by  him 
until  Gen.  Pickens  joined  Hammond  and  chast'd  Cuiiin,i>ham  from 
the  Saluda  to  Orangeburgh. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  527 

''Near  the  close  of  these  troubles  in  South-Carolina, 
in  May,  1782,  Captain  Watson*  heard  of  a  body  of  to- 
ries  in  Dean's  Swamp,  near  Orangeburg,  and,  in  con- 
junction with  Captain  William  Butler — his  friend  and 
neighl)or — it  was  dertermined  to  attack  them.  Wat- 
son's men  were  mounted  militia,  armed  with  rifles  and 
muskets;  Butler's  command  were  cavalry,  armed  with 
pistols  and  cutlasses.  In  order  to  surprise  the  tories, 
the  associates  marched  forward  at  sunset  with  great 
rapidit}^  captured  a  disaffected  man,  named  Hutto  or 
Hutton,  and  hurried  him  along  with  them  under  guard. 
As  they  approached  the  tory  encampment,  Hutton  made 
his  escape,  and  gave  notice  to  the  tories  of  Watson's 
approach.  They  immediately  paraded  in  ambush  to 
surprise  and  oppose  the  whigs.  When  Button's  es- 
cape was  reported  to  the  two  captains,  Watson  declared 
his  opinion  that  the  expedition  should  be  abandoned, 
but  Butler,  for  various  reasons,  thought  otherwise,  and 
they  accordingly  continued  to  advance.  When  they 
approached  the  edge  of  the  swamp,  two  men  were  ob- 
served, as  if  endeavoring  to  hide  themselves.  Butler, 
Watson,  and  Sergeant  Vardel — a  very  brave  man — 
rode  rapidly  forward  to  capture  them.  Watson  first 
discovered  that  these  men  were  only  a  decoy,  and, 
w^hen  too  late,  w^arued  the  others  that  the  whole  of  the 
tories  were  there  concealed.  They  arose,  on  being  dis- 
covered, and  poured  on  their  assailants  a  well-directed 
fire,  which  brought  down  Watson,  Vardel,  and  several 
others  of  the  foremost  whigs.  Although  sorely  galled, 
Butler  brought  off'  the  wounded  men,  and  now  found, 
to  his  mortification,  that  the  infantry  had  little  or  no 
ammunition  left,  and  that  the  enemy  were  advancing 
upon  him  with  double  his  numbers.  In  this  emergen- 
cy, he  appointed   a  brave  young  man,  named  John 

*Micliael  Watson. 


528  THE  HISTORY  OF 

Corley.  his  liententant,  and  made  a  desperate  charge 
on  the  enemy's  line,  so  unexpectedly  as  to  throw  them 
into  confusion.  He  pressed  on  them  so  hotly,  n)ing- 
ling  in  their  disoi'dered  ranks,  and  hewing  them  down 
with  his  broad  swords,  that  they  had  not  time  to  rally 
— their  superior  numbers  only  increased  their  confu- 
sion and  destruction.  Butler  continued  his  impetuous 
attack,  until  the  tories  took  refuge  in  the  swamp.  As 
the  whigs  returned  in  triumph,  the  gallant  Vardel 
made  an  effort  to  rise  and  wave  his  hand  in  hurra,  but 
fell  immediately  and  expired.  They  buried  him — 
where  the  brave  are  proud  to  lie — on  the  field  of  vic- 
tory. 

"Watson  survived  until  the  Americans  reached 
Orangeburg.  In  that  village  he  was  buried  with  the 
honors  of  war,  and  his  grave  was  w^atered  with  the 
manly  tears  of  his  fellow  soldiers. 

"The  following  in(;idents  occurred  in  this  expedition 
to  Dean's  Swamp.  A  smart  young  man,  who  had  never 
been  engaged  in  battle,  was  very  anxious  to  become 
an  officer  in  Watson's  company,  and  very  desirous  of 
distinction.  He  was  elected,  and  advanced  in  his  com- 
mand very  gallantly  to  the  attack  mounted  on  a  beau- 
tiful filly.  When  the  enemy  were  discovered,  he  dis- 
mounted with  the  rest,  and  having  hitched  his  horse, 
was  advancing  on  foot,  when  the  tories  rose  and  de- 
livered their  destructive  fire.  Seeing  the  number  that 
fell  with  Captain  Watson,  the  young  officer's  courage 
suddenly  evaporated  from  his  fingei-  ends.  He  tui'ued 
his  back,  and,  forgetting  his  hoi'se,  becanie  more  dis- 
tinguished in  the  flight  than  in  the  fight,  and  never 
stopped  until  he  reached  home,  spreading  a  report  that 
the  party  had  been  ambushed  and  all  killed  but  him- 
self. The  horse  was  saved  by  those  who  brought  off' 
the  wounded.  When  they  reached  Orangeburg,  find- 
ing that  the  owner  would  not  return  to  claim  her,  the}' 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  529 

sold  the  mare,  and  expended  the  money  in  rum  and 
other  i-efreshments/' 

In  the  sketch  of  Captain  James  Ryan  to  be  found  in 
Johnson's  "Traditions  of  the  Revolution"  the  follow- 
ing paragraph  concerns  us: 

"In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1782,  while  advancing 
with  his  usual  impetuosity,  and  perhaps  too  much 
temerity,  upon  a  party  of  tories  that  v^ere  encamped 
near  Orangeburg,  he  received  a  musket  ball  in  his 
shoulder,  which  he  carried  to  his  grave.  Not  at  all 
disconcerted  or  discouraged,  although  unable  to  pro- 
ceed, he  ordered,  with  great  presence  of  mind,  his  first 
lieutenant,  William  Butler,  to  lead  on  the  attack  and 
continue  the  pursuit." 

This  warfare  between  Whigs  and  Tories  did  not  even 
end  with  the  war,  though  waged  without  the  sanction 
of  the  law.  But  at  any  rate  we  will  consider  the  Revo- 
lutionary war  as  closing  in  South  Carolina,  and  in 
Orangeburgh  District,  on  the  day  when  the  British 
vessels  containing  the  British  army  sailed  out  of 
Charleston  Harbor,  Deceniber  14th,  1782. 

"Three  hundred  noble  vessels 

Rose  on  the  rising'  flood, 
Wherein  with  sullen  apathy 

Knibarked  those  men  of  blood." 

The  following  list  of  battles  fought  on  the  soil  of  what 
is  now  Orangeburg  County,  was  kindly  furnished  by 
General  Edward  McCrady  from  the  manuscript  of  his 
forthcoming  volume  on  the  history  of  South  Carolina 
during  the  Revolutionary  period: 

1.  Thomson's  Plantation,  22  and  23  February,  1781. 
Sumter  attacks  British  post  at,  is  repulsed,  but  next 
day  captures  wagon  ti"ain  and  guards  on  way  to  Raw- 
don. 

2.  Orangeburg,  11  May,  1781.  Sumter  attacks  Brit- 
ish post  at,  and  makes  captures. 


530  THE  HISTORY  OF 

3.  Fort  Motte,  12  May,  1781.  Taken  from  the  Brit- 
ish by  Marion  and  Lee. 

4.  Forks  of  the  Edisto,  May,  1781.  Captain  Con- 
naway  Royal  Militia  of  Orangeburg  attacks  Whig  par- 
ty, kills  many  and  disperses  rest. 

5. ,  November,  1781.     Maj.  Morris, 

Whig,  is  surprised  and  defeated  by  Tories  under  Cun- 
ingham, 

6. ,  27  November,  1781.     Colonel 

Richard  Hampton  is  surprised  and  defeated  by  Tories 
under  Cuningham. 

7.  Dean  Swamp,  May,  1782.  Captains  Watson  and 
Butler  attack  Tories.  Led  into  ambush.  Watson  and 
Vardell  killed,  Butler  defeated. 

Section  6.     The  Germans  and  Scotch  of  Orangehargh  in 
the  Revolution. 

The  German  people  who  resided  in  Orangeburgh  Dis- 
trict have  never  received  justice  in  regard  to  their  con- 
duct during  the  Revolution,  at  the  hands  of  any  of  our 
historians,  and  for  that  reason  outside  historians  have 
been  free  to  declare  that  the  large  German  settle- 
ments in  South  Carolina  were  of  Tory  sentiments. 

On  this  subject  Lorenzo  Sabine  in  his  work,  "Amer- 
ican Loyalists",  says,  speaking  of  the  conduct  of  South 
Carolina  in  the  Revolution:  "The  population,  com- 
posed as  it  was,  of  emigrants  from  Switzerland,  Ger- 
many, France,  Ireland,  and  the  northern  colonies  of 
America,  and  their  descendants,  was,  of  course,  defi- 
cient in  the  necessary  degree  of  homogeneity,  or  same- 
ness of  nature,  to  insure  any  considerable  unanimity 
of  political  sentiment."  After  giving  the  above  as  one 
of  the  principal  reasons  why  the  people  of  South  Car- 
olina were  not  true  to  the  cause  of  Independence,  Sa- 
bine continued  by  making  many  asserfioihs  to  the  effect 


ORANGEBUEG  COUNTY.  531 

that  South  Carolina's  conduct  was  reproachful,  but 
proved  nothing. 

In  his  admirable  pamphlet,  "South  Carolina  in  the 
Eevolution",  Mr.  Simms  refutes  many  of  the  slanders 
of  Sabine,  but  even  he  has  fallen  into  the  error,  that 
so  many  otiier  historians  had  fallen  into,  in  regard  to 
the  conduct  of  the  German  and  Scotch  elements  of  our 
population.  Mr.  Simms  says  on  p.  17  of  his  pamphlet: 
"The  Scotch,  a  people  remarkable  for  their  loyalty, 
were  naturally  with  Great  Britain.  The  German  pop- 
ulation found  no  arguments  equal  to  the  conclusive 
fact  that  George  the  Third  was  a  Prince  of  Hanover," 
Again  on  p.  71  he  says:  ''Her  numerical  force  was 
lessened  by  the  Scotch,  German  and  Quaker  settle- 
ments of  the  interior  all  of  which  were  loyalists." 

Dr.  Joseph  Johnson,  in  "Traditions  of  the  Revolu- 
tion", pp.  101-2,  makes  the  same  error.  He  says:  "The 
Germans  in  South  Carolina  generally  refused  to  take 
part  in  the  revolution,  either  for  or  against  the  govern- 
ment, saying  that  the  King  was  of  German  descent, 
and  that  they  did  not  understand  the  dispute." 

Quotations  from  other  historians  might  be  cited, 
but  these  will  suffice. 

Now.  the  bulk  of  the  German  people  of  South  Caro- 
lina lived  in  the  districts  of  Orangeburgh  and  Ninety- 
Six — that  part  of  Ninety-Six  now  embraced  by  New- 
berry and  Saluda  counties. 

This  work  does  not  concern  the  conduct  of  the 
Ninety-Six  Germans,  but  extensive  research  as  to 
the  conduct  of  the  Orangeburgh  Germans,  shows  that 
among  them  were  some  of  the  truest  Whigs  in  South 
Carolina,  and  we  must  insist  that  only  a  very  small 
percentage  of  them  were  Tories,  outlaws  or  neutrals. 

A  careful  examination  of  the  Giessendanner  Record, 
given  in  the  second  chapter  of  this  work,  will  disclose 
the  names  of  the  German   families  of  Orangeburgh 


532  THE  HISTORY  OF 

District.  A  comparison  of  those  uaiues  with  those  to 
be  found  on  various  Revolutionary  documents  will 
show  that  prominent  representatives  of  almost  every 
one  of  those  families  were  ardent  Whigs,  and  as  the 
same  men  had  been  leaders  among  their  fellow-coun- 
trymen before  the  Revolution  Ijegan,  it  is  reasonable 
to  suppose  that  their  leadership  was  still  followed  dur- 
ing the  Revolution,  especially  when  we  consider  that 
as  a  race  the  Germans  are  particularly  given  to  stick- 
ing together  and  following  their  leaders  when  in  a 
foreign  country.  We  see  illustrations  of  that  before 
our  very  eyes  almost  daily. 

Again  we  have  seen  that  at  least  two  strong  mili- 
tary organizations  existed  among  the  German  Whigs 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Orangeburgh  village,  and 
the  only  roll  extant  (so  far  as  we  know)  of  one  of 
those  companies  contains  about  sixty  German  names 
out  of  a  total  membership  of  sixty-five.  That  there 
were  other  German  soldiers  fighting  in  other  branches 
of  the  service  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose;  else  why 
should  Governor  Rutledge  have  selected  Orangeburgh, 
as  his  headquarters  in  1779,  and  as  the  place  of  ren- 
dezvous of  the  militia,  if  it  w^as  not  a  Whig  strong- 
hold? And  from  the  letter  of  Col.  Charles  Pinckney 
to  Gen.  Moultrie,  of  March  2nd,  1779,  (p,  491,)  we  infer 
that  Governor  Rutledge  expected  to  raise  2,700  men 
in  the  vicinity  of  Orangeburgh,  and  with  four  Ninety- 
Six  militia  regiments  added,  he  expected  to  have  a 
force  of  5,000.  We  have  shown  that  from  his  camp  at 
Orangeburgh  he  detached,  on  the  13th  of  April,  1779, 
Col,  Simons  with  a  thousand  njen  to  Gen.  Moultrie  at 
Black  Swamp,  and  yet  retained  a  force  of  six  or  seven 
hundred  men.  We  have  also  seen  that  after  sending 
out  several  detachments,  amounting  to  one  or  two 
hundred  men  in  all,  he  joined  Gen,  Moultrie  in 
Charlestown  with  about  600  militia. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  533 

From  the  proofs  already  furniHhecl,  it  is  quite  cer- 
tain that  Orangebnrgh  District  furnished  a  large  mili- 
tia force  during  the  Revolution,  and  as  a  large  per- 
centage of  the  inhabitants  of  the  District  were  Ger- 
mans, then  a  large  percentage  of  the  militia  of  the 
District  must  necessarily  have  been  Germans.  And 
of  the  large  militia  force  assembled  in  1779,  by  Gover- 
nor Rutledge,  right  in  the  heart  of  this,  the  principal 
German  settlement  in  South  Carolina,  surely  a  good 
proportion  of  it  niust  have  been  from  the  country 
around,  and  as  a  very  large  majority  of  the  people 
around  there  were  German  people,  then  a  fair  propor- 
tion of  the  Orangeburgh  militia  with  Governor  Rut- 
ledge  must  have  been  Germans.  We  have  likewise 
seen  that  many  of  the  regulars  in  Thomson's  regiment 
were  from  Orangeburgh,  and  many  of  these  were 
necessarily  Germans  also.  The  same  thing  may  be 
said  of  the  company  of  fifty  men  recruited  by  Capt. 
Thomas  Pinckney  in  Orangeburgh  in  Jul3%  1775.  And 
here  it  may  be  proper  to  ask  why  Capt.  Pinckney 
went  among  the  Germans  to  recruit  if  they  were  op- 
posed to  the  Revolution,  and  how  it  happened  that  he 
secured  three  fourths  of  his  men  from  among  them? 
And  in  Col.  Row^e's  regiment;  and  in  Col.  Beard's  mi- 
litia regiment;  and  in  those  three  militia  companies 
mentioned  by  Col.  Thomson  as  existing  in  his  imme- 
diate neighborhood;  and  in  that  militia  company 
commanded  by  Capt.  John  Salley,  there  must  have 
been  some  Germans.  And  of  the  four  Continental 
veterans  of  Orange  Parish  who  drew  pensions  from  the 
United  States  government  in  1S40,  two  were  Germans, 
while  the  only  one  of  St.  Matthew's  Parish  was  a  Ger- 
man. 

General  Knox,  who  was  Secretary  of  War  under 
President  Washington,  reported  that  during  the  Revo- 
lution South  Carolina  had  furnished  35,507  enlistments 


534  THE  HISTORY  OF 

to  the  Continental  service.  When  we  consider  that 
the  maximum  white  population  of  South  Carolina  for 
that  period  was  only  about  90,000*  this  seems  incredi- 
ble. But  as  the  war  lasted  seven  years,  and  as  the 
longest  term  of  enlistment  was  for  three  yearsf  and 
after  that  had  expired,  for  six  months  or  longer,  or 
for  the  war,  many  had  a  chance  to  serve  out  a  first  en- 
listment and  then  re-enlist;  a  thing  which  they  must 
undoubtedly  have  done.  Again  it  must  be  taken  into 
consideration  that  a  small  boy  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  was  old  enough  to  enlist  long  before  the  end  of 
the  war.    South  Carolina  furnished  fifteen  regiments  to 

*When  the  six  regiments  of  Soutli  Carolina  regulars  were  first 
raised  in  1775-76,  the  men  enlisted  therein  were  enlisted  for  three 
years,  so  that  when,  in  1776,  these  six  regiments  Avere  taken  into  the 
Continental  service  they  were  already  engaged  for  three  years,  al- 
though the  Continental  E'stablishment  only  required  enlistments  for 
six  months  at  a  time.  This  is  one  reason  why  Massachusetts  could 
furnish  67,907  to  South  Carolina's  35,507.  The  New  England  States 
enlisted  their  regular  troops  for  six  months.  The  following  note  from 
page  xviii  of  Drayton's  Memoirs  (vol.  i.)  will  he  of  interest  in  this 
connection: 

"When  the  Congress  began  to  consider  of  a  Continental  army,  they 
were  for  leaving  the  army  in  Massachusetts,  as  belonging  to  the  Colo- 
ny, which  they  were  willing  to  pay — and  besides,  to  raise  a  Conti- 
nental one.  But  the  N  Delegates  said,  this  army  has  stood  the  brunt 
— you  are  willing  to  pay  them — why  deprive  them  of  rank?  Well, 
they  were  made  continentals.  The  regulations  came  on  next;  the 
British,  were  proposed.  No,  said  they,  they  have  signed  other  arti- 
cles; and  will  you  impose  others  upon  them?  And,  this  was  yielded. 
The  term,  was  next;  the  six  months  the  NeAV-Englanders  has  enlist- 
ed for,  was  thought  too  short:  no,  said  they,  the  war  will  be  over  in 
that  time — besides,  will  you  make  these  men  serve  longer,  than  they 
have  agreed  for?  Well,  then,  they  were  answered,  rescind  the  re- 
solve for  making  them  continentals.  No.  And  thus  it  was,  that  the 
ruinous  policy  of'  short  enlistments  obtained. —  This  from  J.  Rut- 
ledffe. ' ' 

tin  1774,  the  population  of  South  Caroli^ia  was  estimated  bj'  the 
Continental  Congress  at  225,000;  but  that  included  the  negroes,  and 
negroes  did  not,  strictly  speaking,  count  in^jjopufation  (but  as  proper- 
ty) in  that  day — a  Republican  "Committee  on  Elections"  was,  a 
thing,  at  that  time,  yet  to  be  created. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY.  535 

the  Continental  service,  and  besides,  she  was  never 
with  less  than  three  militia  brigades  of  her  own — 
sometimes  five.  So  that  with  her  Continentals,  mili- 
tia, State  troops,  (which  sometimes  acted  as  Continen- 
tals,) old  men,  women  and  children  very  few  of  her 
population  of  90.000  were  left  for  Tories  or  neutrals. 
Consequently,  very  few  of  the  large  number  of  Ger- 
mans in  Orangeburgh  could  possibly  have  been  else- 
where than  with  the  Whigs. 

Eighteen  men  were  appointed  on  the  "Committee 
for  carrying  into  execution  the  Continental  Associa- 
tion" for  Orangeburgh  District  in  February,  1775;  and 
of  this  number  Henry  Felder,  Lewis  Golson,  Adam 
Snell.  Christopher  Zahn  and  Godfrey  Drier  were  un- 
doubtedly Germans,  while  several  other  names  on  the 
list  have  a  German  sound.  Surely  if  all  of  the  Ger- 
mans were  opposed  to  the  Revolution,  five  Germans 
would  not  have  been  put  on  a  committee  of  eighteen 
from  one  district  alone.  And  again,  in  August  of  that 
same  year,  of  the  six  members  of  the  State  legislature 
returned  for  St.  Matthew's  Parish,  one,  Henry  Felder, 
was  a  German.  Of  the  thirty-six  justices  of  the  peace 
for  Orangeburgh  District,  appointed  in  1776,  five,  per- 
haps more,  were  Germans.  And  on  that  grand  jury, 
which  in  May,  1776,  made  such  an  able  and  eloquent 
presentment  to  Chief-Justice  Drayton,  the  German 
names  Felder,  Leitner,  Snell,  Rickenbacker,  Whet- 
stone, Crum  and  Drehr  appear.  Henry  Felder  was  the 
foreman,  and  it  is  probable  that  he  wrote  the  present- 
ment which  speaks  nothing  but  the  loftiest  words  of 
Whig  patriotism.  Henry  Felder  was  probably  edu- 
cated in  Zurich  before  he  left  that  place,  and  was 
doubtless  well  able  to  write  such  a  paper,  since  we 
have  it  as  a  traditionary  joke  that  "whenever  he  got 
up  in  the  legislature  to  present  a  bill  it  became  a  law 
before  he  sat  down",  from  which  w^e  infer  that  he  must 


536  THE  HISTORY  OF 

have  been  a  John  T.  Morgan  in  his  day  and  time. 
(And  there  are  those  who  seem  to  believe  that  the 
ability  to  say  a  great  deal  is  really  ability.)  And  if 
handwriting  is  any  test  of  education  then  Henry  Rick- 
enbacker,  of  the  same  jury,  must  have  been  educated, 
for  he  wrote  a  beautiful  hand,  almost  like  copy  plate. 
There  were  doubtless  many  well  educated  Germans 
among  the  Orangeburgh  settlers.  Their  pastor.  Rev. 
Giessendanner,  was  characterized  as  "a  man  of  learn- 
ing, piety  and  knowledge  in  the  Holy  Scriptures",  and 
his  book  clearly  shows  that  he  was  at  least  a  man  of 
learning. 

But  to  return  to  their  immediate  share  in  the  Revo- 
lution. On  the  list  of  tax  collectors  for  1777,  for 
Orangeburgh  District,  were  the  German  names  Felder, 
Stroul,  Kaigler  and  Geiger.  And  on  the  Orangeburgh 
grand  jury,  that  in  1778,  presented  as  a  grievance,  "the 
want  of  a  publick  general  test  by  which  the  foes  may 
be  distinguished  from  the  friends  of  the  American 
cause",  and  recommended  that  "the  abjuration  oath 
be  made  general",  we  find  the  German  names  Lewis 
Golson  (foreman),  Felder,  Whetstone,  Harrisperger, 
Rickenbacker,  Drehr  and  Snell.  Surely  a  loyalist,  or 
a  neutral  who  "did  not  understand  the  dispute",  would 
not,  in  the  first  place,  have  been  on  the  grand  jury,  or 
have  signed  such  a  presentment. 

And  so  on,  throughout  the  war,  we  find  a  large  per- 
centage of  the  civic  officers  of  the  district,  Germans. 
Much  to  the  same  effect  might  be  said  of  the  Germans 
elsewhere  in  South  Carolina,  but  this  essay  deals  only 
with  Orangeburgh  District. 

Now,  while  the  Cuninghams,  Evan  McLaurin,  Moses 
Kirkland,  John  Stuart,  Joseph  Robinson,  and  other 
Scotch  settlers  of  the  "back  country"  were  Tories,  by 
no  means  all  of  the  Scotch  settlers  of  South  Carolina 
were  Tories.     In  fact  the  Tory  eienient  in  South  Caro- 


ORANGEBDRa  COUNTY.  537 

iina  was  confined  to  no  special  race  or  creed;  they 
were  representatives  of  every  nationality  then  settled 
in  America,  and  they  were  usually  either  the  latest 
arrivals,  or  the  scum  of  the  ante-Revolutionary  socie- 
ty; while  the  majority  of  them  were  the  ^'driftwood" 
of  the  Northern  colonies. 

But  in  Orangehurgh  Township  there  were  several 
ti'ue  and  tried  Scotchmen  whose  names  were  scarcely 
ever  absent  from  the  council  rolls  of  the  State  during 
the  Revolution.  Among  these  were  Col,  Christopher 
Rowe,  Henry  Rowe,  Sanjuel  Rowe,  and  Donald  Bruce 
the  latter  of  whom  had.  up  to  1774,  been  a  mer- 
<diant  in  Charlestown;  though  we  are  told  that  it 
was  among  the  Scotch  merchants  of  Charlestown  that 
the  most  dangerous  Tory  sentiments  were  to  be  found. 
xAnd  even  he  has  been  unintentionally  misrepresented 
by  that  earnest  and  painstaking  historian,  Wm.  Gil- 
more  Simms,  who  speaks,  in  "The  Forayers",  of  the 
''widow  Bruce"  as  a  loyalist.  The  fact  is  there  was 
no  widow  Bruce  until  ten  years  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  her  husband  was  not  only  a  member  of  the 
State  legislature  for  several  years  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, but  likewise  belonged  to  the  Whig  army,  as  was 
shown  by  an  old  letter,  written  by  him  during  the 
war,  lately  in  the  possession  of  one  of  his  descendants. 

In  the  dark  days  just  subsequent  to  the  fall  of 
Charlestown  the  tories  of  Ninety-Six  District,  backed 
by  the  British  army,  committed  all  manner  of  crimes; 
murdering,  plundering,  burning  and  riding  rough  shod 
over  the  people,  while  at  the  same  time  the  people  of 
Orangeburgh  District  were  enjoying  comparative  quiet, 
and  all  because  the  Tory  sentiment  was  not  so  strong 
in  that  district,  and  because  the  post  at  Ninety-Six 
was  more  strongly  garrisoned  by  British  regulars  than 
that  at  Orangeburgh. 

Again,  when  "Bloody    Bill"  Cuninghara    made   his 


538  THE  HISTORY  OF 

famous  raid  into  the  back  country  in  Noveniher,  17S1, 
while  Gen.  Pickens  was  busy  with  the  Ninety-Six 
militia  in  the  lower  country,  he  found  little  opposi- 
tion, save  in  Orangeburgh  District,  where  the  brave 
Rumph  proved  his  match  and  perhaps  a  little  more 
than  his  match.  In  fact,  Cuningham's  luck  seemed  to 
forsake  him  whenever  he  reached  Orangeburgh,  and, 
to  crown  all,  his  favorite  charger,  "Ringtail",  a  blooded 
mare  presented  to  him  by  his  kinsman,  Capt.  Patrick 
Cuningham,  died  on  a  roadside  near  Orangeburgh 
while  Cuningham  was  on,  probably,  his  last  trip  to 
Charlestown,  whence  he  soon  after  embarked  for  Nas- 
sau, where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days,  a  pen- 
sioner of  the  British  government  and  a  wretched  ex- 
ample of  the  South  Carolina  Loyalist. 

"He  left  a  name  at  which  the  world  grew  pale, 
To  point  a  moral  or  adorn  a  tale." 

The  Cuninghams  were  the  most  conspicuous  Tories 
in  South  Carolina.  They  were  people  of  affluence, 
wealth  and  influence.  They  were  Scotch  people.  They 
lived  in  a  community  composed  largely  of  Scotch  and 
(ierman  people.  They  used  their  best  endeavors  to 
influence  their  neighbors  against  the  revolutionists; 
but  they  were  unsuccessful,  and  two  of  them  died 
alone  in  a  foreign  land. 

The  number  of  South  Carolina  Tories — whether 
Scotch,  or  German,  or  English,  or  Irish,  or  Hebrew — 
has  been  greatly  exagerated.  It  is  time  to  call  a  halt. 
It  is  time  to  seek  the  truth. 


ORANGEBURG  COUNTY, 


oB9 


INDEX 


Abbeville  District,  B69. 

Abeeklin,  Kiliaii,  96,  108. 

Aberly,  Anne,  167,  180, 

Aberly,  Catharine  Margaret,  167. 

Aberly,  John,  120,  159,  167,  180. 

Acadia,  38. 

Acker,  Magdelin,  99,  101. 

Acker,  Johannas,  100. 

Acker,  Susannah,  88. 

"'Adventure",  Barque,  34, 

Aiken  County,  9,  17. 

Alamance,  the  battle  of,  118, 

Albany,  236. 

Alder,  Anna,  210, 

Alder,  Conrad,  95,  108,  210. 

Aldridge,  Agnes,  167. 

Aldridge,  Sarah,  167. 

Aldridge,  William,  167. 

Aldridge,  Zaehariah,  167. 

Alexander,  .loseph,  323. 

Allison,  Andrew,  250. 

Alston,  Capt.,  344-5. 

Altamaha,  334,  360. 

Amaker,  Anna,  114,  125. 

Amaker,  Hans,  214. 

Amaker,  Johannes,  105,  116. 

Amaker,  John,  Jr.,  136,  137,  147, 
217. 

Amaker,  John,  Revolutumary 
soldier,  473,  484-5. 

Amaker,  name,  31. 

Amelia  Chapel,  68,  170,  172-3,  175- 
81,  183-6,  190-3. 

Amelia,  the  Princess,  2. 

Amelia  Township,  2,  3,  9,  10,  23-4, 
33-4,  45-6,  63-4,  70,  74,  95,  97, 
100,  111-19,  121-4,  126,  128,  130, 
145,  147-8,  153,  155,  158,  162,  163, 
165,  168,  171,  179,  198,  218,  219, 
226,  228-9,  237,  246-50,  290,  368. 

America,  33,  42-3,  72-3,  76,  88,  230, 
236,  286,  289,  316,  336,  381,  402. 


''American  Lopilists",  530. 
"American   Lutheran    Church". 

23a 
Amhei-st,  Gen,,  235. 
Ancrum,  George,  265. 
Ancrum,  William,  255. 
Anding,  Anna  Barbara,  180. 
Anding,  .Tohu,  120,  137,  143,  159, 

167,  168,  180. 
Anding,  John  Nicholas,  167. 
Anding,  Margaret,  159,  167-8,  180. 
Anding,  Veronica,  143,  214. 
Andrews,  Robert,  112, 
"Annals  of  Newberry  District", 

386,  411,  481, 
Anne,  the  Princess,  35. 
Annis,  Jacob,  161. 
Anson  Street,  91. 
Anthony,  Rev,  J.  B.,  83. 
Appenzel,  Canton,  36,  52. 
Arant,  Mrs.,  67-8, 
Argrove,  Leven,  467. 
Armstrong,  Gen.,  34-5-6,  349,  466v 
Armstrong,  Robert,  388. 
Arthur,  Barnabas,  217,  248. 
Arthur,  Capt.,  436. 
Arthur,  William,   12,  248-9,  257, 

260,  265,  272-6. 
Ashby,  Anthony,  388. 
Ashly  River,  89. 
Astor  Library,  78. 
Atkinson,  John,  97. 
Augusta,   2,   36,   296-7,    315,    .354, 

417-8,  422-3. 
Ax,  Catharine,  136. 
Bachman,  Rev.  John,  D.  D.,  92. 
Bachrden,  Margretta,  99,  101. 
Bacon's  Bridge,  89. 
Bacot,  Peter,  281,  319. 
Baden,  70,  80. 
Baden  hop,  J.,  27. 
Bailey,  Lieut.,  363,  387. 


540 


INDEX 


Baird,  Eugenia,  162. 
Baird,  James,  162, 
Baker,  C'apt.  Jesse,  386. 
Baker,  John,  145. 
Baldrick,  James,  230, 
Baldridge,  Margaret,  180. 
Baldridge,  Mary,  180, 
Baldridge,  Richard,  180, 
Ballentine,  Eleanor,  147, 
Ballentine,  Eugenia,  147, 
Ballentine,  Katherine,  178, 
Ballentine,  William,  144, 147, 155, 

156. 
Ballew,  Thomas,  1 15. 
Balmarin,  Magdaline,  98, 
Balziger,  George,  184, 
Balziger,  Hans  (1],  104,  125,  129, 

136,  140,  152,  157,  202. 
Balziger,  Hans  (2),  150. 
Balziger,  Mary,  125,  129,  136,  152, 

157. 
Balziger,  name,  31. 
Bamberg  County,  9. 
Bamrick,  Thomas,  163. 
Barbadoes,  34, 
Barber,  Elizabeth,  125. 
Barber,  Thomas,  125. 
Barber,  name,  32, 
Barker,  Elizabeth,  122,  131,  138, 

158, 
Barker,   Elizabeth,   daughter   of 

former,  131. 
Barker,  James,  124, 
Barker,  John,  122, 
Barker,  Thomas  (1),  122,  131, 138, 

158, 
Barker,  Thomas  (2),  158, 
Barker,  name,  32. 
Barklovv,  Richard,  230, 
Barnwell  County,  9,  17,  90,  219, 
Barnwell  District,  15,  16,  87,  220, 

467. 
Barnwell,  Gen.  John,  388,  470. 
Barr,  John  George,  30,  199,  200, 

215. 
Barr,  Margaret,  161. 


Barrie,  Elizabeth,  117-8,  130,  138. 

Barrie,  William,  31,  111,  117,  126, 
130,  13.5,  138,  198, 

Barrin,  AnnaCatiiarina,  154,  176. 

Barrin,  Anna  Margaret,  138,  168, 
173, 

Barrin,  Eva  Catharina,  119,  138, 
144, 

Barry,  Michael,  101. 

Barwick,  Edward,  119,  153,  156. 

Barwick,  Margaret,  153,  156. 

Barwick,  Mary,  153. 

Barwick,  Thomas,  159. 

Baumgartner,  Conrad,  192. 

Beames,  James,  276,  368. 

Beames,  Lieut.,  354,  387,  446. 

Beard,  Jane,  176. 

Beard,  Jonas,  249,  ^7,  258,  265, 
269,  276,  278,  293,  356,  395,  469. 

Beaufort  District,  13. 

Beaufort,  363,  439. 

Beaver  Creek,  3,  13,  213. 

Beck,  Jacob,  117. 

Beck,  John  Peter,  14-5,  155. 

Beck,  Margaret  (1),  145,  173. 
Beck,  Margaret  (2),  173. 
Beck,  Mary  (2),  145. 
Beck,  Samuel  Bly,  145,  173. 
Bee,  Thomas,  11,  264,  388. 
Bellville,  64,  377,  379. 
Beltzer,  Margaret,  102, 
Bently,  James,  139, 
Bently,  Susannah,  139. 
Berkeley  County,  1,  2,  3,  7,  18,  22, 

28,  29,  111,  116-7,  120,  246,  248. 
Berkeley,  Election  District  of,  16, 

17. 
Berne,  Canton,  30,  35,  79,  195. 
Bernheim,  Rev.  G.  D,,  39,  61,  64, 
70,  75,  88,  89,  91,  92,  238. 
Berry,  James,  159, 
Berry,  Mary  Anne,  159, 
Berry,  William,  111,  124, 
Berry,    Williani,   son   of   James, 

159, 
Berwick,  Simon,  257-8,  260. 


INDEX 


541 


Beystein,  94. 

Biddys,  M.,  108. 

Biegelmann,     Anna     Elizabeth, 

108. 
Bieman,  John  Jacob,  71. 
Biggin,  Bridge,  393. 
Binsky,  Martin,  112,  lU,  116. 
Black  Swamp,  362. 
Blake,  Capt.  Edward,  341. 
Blake,  John,  388. 
Bodening,  Margretta,  100. 
Bollerin,  Margretta,  99. 
Bolzius,    Pastor,  46,  49,  58,  83-6, 

88. 
Bond,  Thomas,  228,  247. 
Bonnell,  William,  131. 
Bonnetlieau,  Peter,  231. 
Booser,  Ulrick,  161. 
Booth,  Belli nder,  133. 
Booth,  Elizabeth,  133. 
Booth,  William,  133. 
Bossart,  Ann,  30,  199. 
Bossart,  Henry,  175,  218. 
Bossart  (Bnssart),  Jacob,  30,  190, 

199. 
Boston,  255,  331. 
Bowers,  William,  170. 
Bowie,  Capt.  John,  309-11,  315. 
Bowman,  Barbara,  126,  133. 
Bowman,  George,  136. 
Bowman,  Jacob,  126,  133,  192. 
Bowman,   Jacob,    Tory   captain, 

305,  307. 
Boy,  Alexander,  186. 
Boy,  Anue,  186. 
Boy,  Mary  Elizabeth,  186. 
Boykin,  Francis,  280,  313,  387-8. 
Boykin,  Samuel,  256,  265,  274. 
Brady,  Edward,  116,  176, 
Brady,  Edward  (2),  176. 
Brady.  Rachel,  176. 
Brant,  Mrs.,  99. 
Bress,  Anna,  146 
Bress,  Jacob,  146. 
Bress,  Mary  Elizabeth,  146. 
Brewton,  Miles,  388. 


Brick,  Margaret,  110. 

Brickel,  Adam,  218. 

Brier  Creek,  90,  219, 

Bright,  name,  32. 

Bright,  Samuel,  112-13,  122. 

Brimstone,  Jonathan,  110. 

Bringolt,  Margaret,  98. 

Brood,  Mary,  100. 

Broughton,      Lieutenant-Gtner- 

nor,  2,  27,  70,  74,  75. 
Broughton  Street,  11,  65. 
Brown,  Andrew,  368. 
Brown,  Bartilot,  182. 
Brown,  Bartlet,  90. 
Brown,  Benjamin,  182. 
Brown,  Capt.,  77,  78,  79. 
Brown,  Caspar,  132,  139,  140,  163, 

172-3,  269,'272. 
Brown,  Hugh,  297,  300,  317,  428. 
Brown,  Katharine,  182. 
Brown,  name,  32. 
Brown.  Patrick,  231. 
Brown,  Richard,  265,  386,  444, 453, 

459,  460,  461. 
Brown,  Tarleton,  90,  467,  503-509. 
Brown,  Tarleton,  "Memoirs",  of 

90,  219,  220,  276,  469. 
Brown,  Williain,  160,  249. 
Brown,  William,  son  of  Bartilot, 

182. 
Bruce,  Donald,  248-9,  265-6,  273-4, 

276,  492. 
Bruderer,  John,  99,  101. 
Bruel,  Jacob,  98. 
Bruel,  Margaret,  98. 
Brunner,  Eve  Mary,  166,  178,  190, 

212. 
Brunner,  Jacob,  190. 
Brunner,  John,  178,  212. 
Brunner,  Margaret,  120. 
Brunner,  Rudolph,  120. 
Brunner,  Ulrick  (1),  166,  178,  190, 

192,  212. 
Brunner,  Ulrick  (2),  166. 
Brunson    (Brunzon),    Abraham, 

127. 


542 


INDEX 


Briinson,  Alexander,  128. 

Brunson,  BarVjara,  113,  125. 

Brunsmr,  Elizabeth,  191, 

Brunson,  Elizabeth  (2),  15& 

Brunson,  G.  W,,  24. 

Branson,  Isaac,  125. 

Brunson,  Jacob,  US,  125. 

Brunson,  Jan>es,  191, 

Brunson,  John,  128,  156. 

Brunson,  Jonathan,  127,  I(J7, 

Brunson,  Martha,  127,  167. 

Brunson,  Martha,  (2),  166, 

Brunson,  Mary,  167. 

Brunson  (Brunzon),  name,  31, 

Brunson,  Peter,  152. 

Brunson,  Rachel,  (1),  128,  156. 

Brunson,  Rachel,  (2),  128. 

Brunson,  Rebecca,  167. 

Brunson,  8amuel,  167. 

Brunson,  Sarah,  152. 

Brunson,  Sin-ah,  128. 

Brunson,  Susannah,  166. 

Brunson,  WilHam,  152, 

Brunson,  William,  son  of  John, 
156. 

Buchanan,  Capt.  John,  386. 

Buester,  Anna,  99. 

Buester,  Ulrick,  99. 

Bull,  John,  Provincial  Secretary, 
7. 

Bull,  Lieutenant-Governor  Wil- 
liam, 2,  6,  37,  54. 

Bull,  orPhul,  Peter,  227. 

Bull,  Gen.  Stephen,  264,  324,  469. 

Bullinger,  36. 

Bull  Swamp  Road,  11,  65. 

Bunch,  Elizabeth,  132. 

Bunch,  Gideon,  134. 

Bunch,  Mary,  132. 

Bunch,  Maiy,  daughter  of  Paul, 
132. 

Bunch,  name,  32, 

Bunch,  Naomy,  119,  132. 

Bunch,  Paul,  109,  132, 

Buph,  Joseph,  104. 

Burdell,  Eliza V)eth,  wife  of  John, 


129,  139,  16^,  I7S. 
Burdell,  Elizjibeth,    daughter  of 

John,  129. 
Burdell,  John,  4,  8,  116-17,  129-30, 

139,  163,  170,  178. 
Burdell,  John  (2),  139. 
Burdell,  Susannah,  178. 
Burdell,  Thomas,  168. 
Burckhard,  Barbara,  137,  147,  laCL 
Burckhard,  Frederick,  137. 
Bui-gin,  Ann;i,  95. 
Burns,  Katherine,  168. 
Burns,  Peter,  168. 
Burrows,  William,  264. 
Burton's  Ferry,  90,  219. 
Buser,  Ann,  107. 
Busi),  Magdalene,  96. 
Busk,  Johannes,  131. 
Busk,  Mary,  ISl. 
Busk,  Richard,  131. 
Bustrin,  Anna,  95. 
Bu teller,  Isabel,  110. 
Butler,  A.  P.,  69. 
Butler,  Capt.  William,  527-8, 
Cabarrus  County,  N.  C,  118, 
Cain,  Patrick,  276. 
Caldwell,  James,  230,  254. 
Caldwell,  John,  8,  257-8,  260,  27f^ 

282,  295-7,  342-3,  354,  386,  388-9, 

40(3-7,  414,  423,  437,  445,  448,  4-53, 

481. 
Caldwell,  William,  3S'6-7,  437. 
Calhoun,  John  C,  386. 
Calhoun  County  ("in  future"),  9. 
Callyhon,  Mary,  110. 
Calvert,  Mr.,  440-41. 
Calvin,  John,  36,  44. 
Ca  1  n  bri  dge,  369-70. 
Cnmden,"291,  327,  369,  370. 
Camden  District,  279. 
Cameron,  Alan,  280,  388. 
Cammel,  Mary,  131,  147. 
Cammel,  Mrs.,  100. 
Cammel,  W.,  100. 
Cammel,  William,  112. 
Campbell,  Archibald,  111,  139. 


INDEX 


543 


Campbell,  Charles  Fouqiiett,  139. 
Campbell,  Col.,  361,  375. 
C^imifbell,  Eugenia,  139. 
Campbell,  Governor  William,  '254, 

260,  332,  334-5,  367. 
Campbell,  Mr.,  65. 
Canada,  236. 
Canadian  Indians,  234. 
Cantey,  Josiah,  179. 
Cantey,  Josiah,  son  of  William, 

191. f 
Cantey,  Lieut.,  387. 
Cantey,  Maj.,  432. 
Cantey,  Rebecca,  191. 
Cantey,  William,  152,  191. 
Cape,  James,  132. 
Carmichael,  James,  11. 
Carney,  Arthur,  183. 
Carney,  James,  183. 
Carney,  Mary,  112,  183. 
Carney,  Samuel,  183,  198. 
Carney,  William,  193. 
Cars,  James,  98. 
Carse,  Eugenia,  95,  108. 
Carse,  Faithy,  95,  108. 
Cartaret  County,  1. 
Carter,  Benjamin,  95,  97,  100,  108. 
Carter,  Elizabeth,  123-4,  148. 
Carter,  Henry,  123-4,  138,    147-8, 

163. 
Carter,  James,  123-4,  143. 
Carter,  John,  124. 
Carter,  Joseph,  183. 
Carter,  Mary  (1),  128-4,  138,  147, 

163. 
Carter,  Mary  (2),  128. 
Carter,  Mary  (8),  138. 
Carter,  name,  82. 
Carter,  Rachel,  168. 
Carter,  Rebecca,  100. 
Carter,  Robert,  148. 
Carter,  Sarah,  97. 
Carter,  Susannah,  143. 
Caswell,  Gen.,  365. 
Catawba  Indians,  21,  40,  431. 
Catawba  Nation,  234. 


Cattel,  Benjamin,  388. 

Cattel,  William,  388. 

Cattle  Creek,  38. 

Chambers,  .Joseph,  158. 

Chanler,  Dr.,  314. 

Charles    Edward,     the    "Young 

Pretender",  32. 
Charleston  Library,  218. 
Charleston  Presbytery,  39,  57. 
Charleston  road,  the  old,  11,  225. 
Charlton,    Lieut.    Thomas,    283, 

291,  294,  305-7,  328,  887,  428. 
Charnock,  Wm.,  388. 
Chatterton,  Ann,  149. 
Chatterton,  John,  149. 
Chatterton,  Mark,  149. 
Chavis,  robber,  461. 
Cheavy,  Ann,  123. 
Cheavy,  name,  82. 
Cheavy,  Sarah,  128. 
Cheavy,  Thomas,  123. 
Cherokee  Indians,  18,  19,  20,  21, 

40,  86,  88,   804,    327,  338,  352-8, 

461. 
Cherokee  Nation,  19,  20,  284,  299, 

824,  326. 
Cherokee  Ponds,  815. 
Cherokee  war,  88,  232-3,  235-7. 
Chestnut,  John,  249,  265,  280,  283, 

292,  827,  385-6,  888,  404. 
Cheves,  name,  23. 
Chevilette,   Col.  John,  4,  32,  98, 

102,   106,   111-12,    117,    119,    181, 

214,  233,  237,  246-7. 
Chevilette,  John  (2),  82. 
Childsbury-Town,  398. 
Church   of  the    Redeemer,   64-5, 

68-9,  91,  96,  199. 
Clarke,  Col.,  850. 
Clark,  Malcolm,  249,  265. 
Clarry,  Joseph,  183. 
Clatworthy,  James,  120. 
Clausand,  George  Henry,  105. 
Clausand,  Leopold,  105. 
Clausand,  W.  A.,  105. 
Clayton,  Abraham,  175. 


544 


INDEX 


Clayton,  Anne,  180,  187,  193. 
Clayton,  Isham,  119,  158,  167,  175, 

180,  187,  193,  226,  249,  2B5. 
Clayton,   Isham,  son   of  Isliain, 

193. 
Clayton,  Tshani,  son  of  John,  153. 
Clayton,   James,   son   of  Isham, 

180. 
Clayton,  James,  son  of  John,  167. 
Clayton,  Jane,  18~9. 
Clayton  (Cleaton),  John,  11,  107, 

125,  133,  137,  153,  167,  175,  184, 

189,  274. 
Clayton,  John  (2),  133. 
Clayton,  Sarah  (I),  125,  133,  137, 

153,  167,  175,  189. 
Clayton,  Sarah  (2),  125, 
Clayton,  William. 
Clements,  Andrew,  123, 
Clements,  Gabriel,  12a 
Clements,  Rebecca,  123, 
Clements,  name,  S2. 
Clement,  William,  110, 
Clemmons,  Joseph,  184. 
Clemmons,  Lueretia,  184, 
Clemraons,  Sarah,  184. 
CJlinton,  Sir  Henry,  338,  349,  351, 

365,  367,  370-72,  376,  382. 
Colleton    County,   1.   25,   26,   27, 

119, 
Collins,  John,  191,  274-6,  278. 
Collins,  Joseph,  191. 
Columbia,  14,   18,  21,  25,  36,  50, 

377. 
Concord,  N.  C,  118. 
Congaree  garrison,  22,  70. 
Congaree  Indians,  21,  40,  41. 
Congarees,  18, 19.  20,  21,  40,  SO,  82, 

85,  87-8,  122-3,  231-2,  234-6,  251, 

282,  291,  296,  305,  307,  312,  314, 

316-7,  325,  327,  333-4,  343,  354-5, 

408. 
Congaree  Townsliip,  2,  69,  74,  84, 
Conner,  Maj.  Morgan,  352,  448, 
Cook,  Anna,  178. 
Cook,  Anna  (2),  178. 


Cook,  James,  8. 
Cook,  Joseph,  178,  21S, 
Cooper,  Catharina,  186. 
Cooper,  Elizabeth,  134, 
Cooper,  Joseph,  109,  126,  129,  134, 

136,  164,  1S6. 
Cooper,   Margaret,   126,   129,  134, 

164,  186. 
('ooper,  Rachel,  164^ 
Cooper,  Sarah,  125-6,  131,  134,  139, 

153,  261. 
Cooper,  William,  (I),  112,  12-5,  mi, 

131,  134-5,  139,  153. 
Cooper,  William  (2),  126.  " 
Corbin,  Peter,  230,  265, 
Corker,  Thomas,  231. 
Corker,  Thomas,  Jr.,  251, 
Cornelley,,  James,  265. 
Cornwell,  Billander,  190, 
Corn  well,  George,  190. 
Cornwell,  Mary,  190, 
Cornwell,  Peter,  190. 
"Corpus  Evangelicum",  82. 
Cossett,  Justice,  231. 
Cotter,  Moses,  305,  307. 
Coullett,  Christoplier,  4, 
Courtonne,  James,  137,  18L. 
Courtonne,  Jerome,  193. 
Courtonne,  Thomas,  115, 
Coutonne,  Anne,  181, 
Couton,  Joseph,  141, 
Couton,  Many',  141. 
Coutier   (Cuttier),   Anna    Mam, 

or  Many',  104,  128,  149,  156,  164., 

182,  im. 

Coutier,  Joseph,  96,  109,  128,  149, 

156,  164,  185, 
Coutier,  Joseph,  Jr.,  182. 
Couturier,  Capt.,  344-5, 
Cowther,  Isaac,  387, 
Cox,  Ann,  115,  132. 
Craven  Ctninty,  I,  23,  174,  204, 
Crell,  Stephen,  33,  235. 
Cressxvell,  Rev,  Mr.,  408,  411, 
Crider,    (Kryter,   Kreyter,  Kreir- 

ter),  Anne,  154. 


INDEX 


545 


('rider,  Barbara,  122,  214. 

Crider,  Conrad,  189,  21-5. 

Crider,  Johannes,  170. 

Crider,  Joseph,  (1),  102,  103,  105-6, 
108,  115,  1-42-3,  154,  170,  197,  206. 

Crider,  Joseph  (2),  103. 

Crider,  8arah,  197. 

Crider,  Susannah,  103,  105,  143, 
154,  170,  189. 

Crider,  Susannah  (2),  105. 

Cromnielich,  Catiiarina  Marga- 
ret, 136. 

Cromnielich,  Margaret,  136. 

Croninjelich,  Thomas,  136. 

Crossby,  Elizabetli,  187. 

Crossby,  James,  187. 

Crowthers,  Lieut.,  387,  459. 

Crum,  (Crumme, Crummy)  Anne, 
193. 

Crum,  Barbara,  174. 

Crum,  Elizabetli,  182,  186-7, 

Crum,  Elijah,  187. 

Crum,  Henry,  114,  116,  118,  134, 
145,  158,  174,  186-7,  193,  269. 

Crum,  Henry  (2),  158. 

Crum,  John  Herman,  182,  186-7. 

Crum,  Magdalene,  145,  158,  174, 
186,  193. 

Crum,  Mary,  182. 

Crum,  Peter  Herman,  145. 

Crum,  Rachel,  186. 

Crum,  Sarah,  193. 

Cryer,  Elizabeth,  142,  191. 

Cryer,  Lidia,  142. 

Cryer,  Thomas,  114,  142,  191. 

Cryer,  Thomas  (2),  191. 

Culler  (Roller,  Kohler,  Collar), 
Anna,  186-7. 

Culler,  Benedict  (1),  99,  102,  108, 
115,  162,  189,  210,  223,  224. 

Culler,  Benedict  (2),  or  Benja- 
min, 102,  222. 

Culler,  Elizabeth,  162. 

Culler,  John  Ulrick,  189,  210. 

Culler,  Magdalena,  102,  104,  162, 
189,  210. 


Cruller,  Margaret,  99,  174,  175. 
Culler,  W.  W.,  222-3,  485. 
Cuningham,  "Bloody  Bill",  386, 

476,  480-82,  485,  526*. 
Curtis,  Frances,  132,  178. 
Curtis,  June,  178. 
Curtis,  Moses,  218. 
Curtis,  Priscilla,  132. 
Curtis,  Thomas,  132,  178. 
Danly,  Anne,  159. 
Danly,  James  (1),  150,  159. 
Danly,  James  (2),  150. 
Danly,  John,  159. 
Danly,  Mary,  150,  159. 
Danly,  Rose,  150. 
Dann,  Elizabeth,  172. 
Dann,  Mary,  172. 
Dann,  William,  172. 
Danner,  Barbara,  101. 
Danner,  Hans,  97,  100,  101. 
Danner,  Jacolj,  101. 
Danner,  John,  96 
Dantzler,  Anna,  192. 
Dantzler,    Anna    Margaret,    177, 

186. 
Dantzler,  Appollonia,  177,  192-3. 
Dantzler,  Barbara,  181,  215. 
Dantzler,  Hans  Henry,  177,  215. 
Dantzler,  Hans  Ulrick,  164-5,  177. 
Dantzler,    Henry,    165,    177,    192- 

3,  215. 
Dantzler,  John,  215. 
Dantzler,  Margaret,  165,  177. 
Dantzler,  Ottinaries,  215. 
Dargan,  Ann,  118,  153. 
Dargan,  Dorcas,  153. 
Dargan,  Elizabeth,  191. 
Dargan,  John,  153,  158. 
Dargan,  Katherine,  169,  172. 
Dargan,  Timothy,  4,  148,  172. 
Darlsley,  Edward,  20. 
Darweta,  Ann  Magaret,  142. 
Dattwyler,  Anna,  105,  110. 
Dauge,  Indian  agent,  20. 
Davis,  Elizabeth,  98,  109. 
Davis,  James,  323. 


546 


INDEX 


Davis,  John,  19],  387. 

Davis,  Salome,  103. 

Davis,  Samuel  (1),  103,  107,  113, 

125. 
Davis,  Samuel  (2),  103. 
Dayton,  Ralph,  20. 
Dean,  James,  110. 
Dean  Swamp,  221,  528. 
Densniore,  Margraret,  174. 
Densmore,  Samuel,  174,  183. 
Deramus,    Anne,    wife   of  John, 

126. 
Deramus,  Anne,  wife  of  Joseph, 

131,  147,  152,  165,  170,  175,  184, 

192. 
Deramus,  (.'atharina,  131. 
Deramus,   Joseph,    108,    131,   147, 

152,  165,  170,  184,  187,  192. 
Deramus,  John,  126. 
Deramus,  Mary  Cartharina,  152. 
Deruraseux,  Daniel,  110. 
DeSaussure,  Lieut.,  364,  387. 
DeWitt,  Joseph,  174. 
DeWitt,  Mary,  174. 
DeWitt,  William,  182. 
DeWitt,  William,  son  of  Josejih, 

174. 
Dickert,  Michael,  249,  265. 
Dicks,  John,  249. 
Diebuebdin,  Agnes,  98,  106. 
Diedrick,  Anna,  101, 120,  132, 154. 
Diedrick,  Anna  Maria  Margretta, 

100. 
Diedrick,  Barbara,  95,  99,  108. 
Diedrick,   Hans  (John),  Jr.,  28, 

96. 
Diedrick,  Johannes,  100. 
Diedrick,  John,  30,  95,  96,  98,  209. 
Diedrick,  Margaret,  175. 
Diel,  Anna,  96,  99,  108. 
Diel,  Catharina,  125,  214. 
Dill,  Catharine,  200. 
Dill,  Nicholas,  164,  215. 
Dirr  (Durr),  Anna  Maria,  94,  133. 
Dirr,  Hans  Ulrick,  165. 
Dirr,  Jacob,  119. 


Dirr,  Katharine,  180. 

Dirr,  Margaret,  178. 

Dirr,  Mary,  136,  144,  152,  165. 

Dirr,  Nicolas,  94,  128,  133,  136,  143, 

144,  152,  165,  202,  213. 
Dirr,  Peter,  178,  180. 
Dirr,  Theodor,  136. 
Dolch,  Johannes,  98. 
Domin,  Hans,  96. 
Donaldson,  John,  280,  243,  386-88, 

425,  429,  464. 
Drechsler,  George,  180. 
Dreher   (Dreyer,   Drier,    Drehr), 

Godfrey,  227,  237,  258,  269,  272. 
Dubois,  Samuel,  275-6,  278. 
Duboy,  Mary,  188. 
Dukes,  A.  L.,  24. 
Dukes  (Duke),  Barbara,  155,  175, 

189. 
Dukes,  George  Alexander,  155. 
Dukes,  John  H.,  24. 
Dukes,  Josepii,  155,  175. 
Dukes,  Joseph,  114,  127,  136,  138, 

189. 
Dukes,  Margaret,  127,  138. 
Dukes,  Rebecca,  189. 
Dukes,  Sarah,  138. 
Dukes,  Susannali,  175. 
Dukes,  Thomas,  127. 
Dukes,  William,  34. 
Dunklin,  Joseph,  271. 
DuPuis,  Abraham,  173,  204. 
DuPuis,  John  Jacob,  173. 
DuPuis,  Susannah,  173,  204-5. 
Durberville,  Mary,  171. 
Durberville,  William,  171. 
"Durham",  485. 
Dutaniue,    Louis,   280,   28S,    291, 

387-8. 
Eberhardt,  Anna  Maria,  103,  129. 
Eberhardt,  Benjamin,  150. 
Eberhardt,  Dorcas,  150. 
Eberhardt,  Isabel,  150. 
Eberliardt,  I.  P.  H.,  103. 
Eberliardt,  Jacob,  129. 
Eberhardt,  Mary  (1),  147,  184. 


INDEX 


547 


Eberhardt,  Mary  (2),  147, 

Eberhardt,  Thomas,  103,  129. 

Eberhardt,  William,  184. 

Eherly,  Anna  [I),  102,  141. 

Eberiy,  Anna  (2),  102. 

Eberly,  John,  102,  110,  116,  141. 

Eberiy,  Susannah,  141. 

Ebert,  Anne,  136. 

Ebert,  Gotlieb,  114,  136. 

Edisto  Township,  2,  25,  27,  28. 

Edwards,  John,  264. 

Edwards,  Thomas,  156. 

Efird  (Aifred),  Benjamin,  159. 

Etird,  Doreas,  159. 

Eflrd,  John,  159. 

Egly,  Barbara,  143,  148. 

Egly,  Martin.  168,  171,  189. 

Egly,  Zibilla  Catharina,  171,  189. 

Elders,  John,  128,  132,  207. 

Elders,  Sarah,  207. 

Elerson,  Elizabeth,  116,  137. 

Elerson,  James,  116. 

Elliott,  Barnard,  100,  257,  388, 

Ellison,  Frances,  137, 

Ellison,  Joseph,  137, 

Ellison,  Robert,  137. 

Ernst,  Anna  Barbara,  112,  214. 

Ernst,  Anthony,  107. 

Ernst,  George  Adam,  108,  112, 

Erwin,  name,  90. 

Esom,  John,  38''. 

Eutaw  Springs,  284,  524. 

Evanee,  Thomas,  388, 

Evans,  John,  20. 

Evans,  Joseph,  159, 

Evans,  Josiah,  119,  152. 

Evans,  Martha,  122,  124,  152. 

Evans,  Mary,  159. 

Evans,  Powel,  122. 

Evans,  William  (1),  122,  124,  125. 

Evans,  William,  122. 

Even,  Dina,  110. 

Everleigh,  Nicholas,  388. 

Evinger,  Adam,  152,  176. 

Evinger,  Ann  Margaret,  152,  176. 

Evinger,  George  Lewis,  176. 


Evinger,  Joseph,  152. 

Fair,  James,  276. 

Fairchild,  John,  97,  218,  227,  228, 
248,  249,  265. 

Fairy,  Christina,  132, 

Fairy,  James,  132, 

Fairy,  John,  107,  114,  132. 

Farles,  Thomas,  182. 

Farrar,  Benjamin,  8,  219,  248,  257, 
258,  260,  265. 

Farrar,  Capt.  Field,  364,  386. 

Faure,  Anne,  167. 

Faure,  Patience,  103. 

Faure,  Peter,  130,  133,  135,  138, 
166,  167,  180,  187. 

Faure,  Sarah,  130,  133,  138,  167, 

Faust,  Ann  Mary,  101,  102,  214, 

Faust,  Burril,  159, 

Faust,  Caspar,  159,  211. 

Faust,  Christian,  101, 

Faust,  Eugenia,  103, 

Faust,  Henry,  101,  102, 

Faust,  Henry  (2),  102. 

Faust,  Jacob,  215. 

Faust,  John,  186,  215, 

Faust,  Naomy,  159, 

Felder,  Abraham,  170, 

Felder,  Frederick,  141, 

Felder,  Henry  or  Hans  Henry, 
30,  105,  107,"  114,  118,  119,  130, 
131,  133,  136,  141,  145,  151,  155-6, 
158,  160,  170-71,  177,  182,  185, 
188-9,  193,  215,  248-9,  258,  272, 

Felder,  Henry  (2),  11,  105,  472, 
486-89. 

Felder,  John,  130. 

Felder,  Mary  Elizabeth,  105,  130, 
131,  136,  141,  145,  151,  155,  160, 
161,  170,  177,  182,  185,  215. 

Felder,  Col.  Paul  S,,  487, 

Felder,  Peter,  185, 

Felder,  Samuel,  155, 

Ferstner,  Ann  Mary,  130, 

Ferstner  (Festner),  John  Henry, 
128. 


548 


INDEX 


Ferstner,   Jo-epli,    126,    12S,    139, 

145,  172. 
Ferstner,  Mary,  128,  139. 
Fichtiier,  Elizabeth,  115. 
Fichtner,  Margaret,  119,  143. 
Fichtner,  Theodoris,  136,  163, 183. 
Finlay,  Jacob,  265. 
First  Baptist  Church,  65. 
Fitcli,  John,  110. 
Fitz,  Jolin,  103. 
Fitzpatrick,  Agnesia,  128, 144, 165, 

177,  181,  192. 
Fitzpatrick,  Garret,  128,  133,  142, 

144,  165,  177,   181,   192,  269,  272. 
Fitzpatrick,  Garret  (2),  144,  165. 
Fitzpatrick,  Helena,  192. 
Fitzpatrick,  Jacob,  177. 
Fitzpatrick,  Mary,  193. 
Fitzpatrick,  William,  128,  387. 
Fludd,  Frances,  186. 
Fludd,  James,  186. 
Fludd   (Flood),   Katherine,    179, 

186. 
Fludd,  Margaret,  119. 
Fludd,  Mary,  186. 
Fludd  (Flood),  Sarah,  111. 
Fludd,  William,  4,  8,  186,  260. 
Fluhbacker,  Veronica,  96. 
Flutt,  George,  110. 
Fort  Motte,  24,  379. 
Fort  St.  John's,  21. 
Fort  Sullivan,  349,  352,  371,  372, 

375. 
Fort,  Thomas,  103. 
Fouquett,  Ann  Mary,  128,  180. 
Fouquett,  Marion,  154,  169. 
Fouquett,  John,  128,  139,  154,  169, 

180. 
Fowles,  Jas.  H.,  485. 
Fox,  George,  172. 
Fox,  Jane,  154. 
Fox,  Mary,  130,  154. 
Fox,  Rebecca,  130. 
Fox,  Samuel,  130,  154. 
Fox,  Willoughby,   130,   150,    172, 

174. 


Frances,  Elizabeth,  132.' 
Frank,  Jacol),  111. 
Eraser,  Alexander,  140. 
Fraser,  Mary,  140. 
Frauenfaederin,  Anna,  98,  100. 
Frederick,    Andrew,    11,  38,   151, 

101,  178,  188. 
Frederick,  Hans  Peter,  161. 
Frederick,  Jacob,  17S. 
Frederick,  Margaret,  161,  178,  188 

(Maria). 
Freeman,  George,  230, 
Friday  (Fridig,  Freydigs,  Friger), 

David,  237,  272. 
Friday,  Hans  George,  126,  195. 
Friday,  Hans,  96. 
Friday,  Henry,  98. 
Friday,  Jacob,  98. 
Friday,  Jacob,  Jr.,  207,  237. 
Friday,  J.  P.  H.,  95. 
Friday,  Johannes,   son  of  John, 

Jr.,  140. 
Friday,  John,  Sr.,  112,  117,  126, 

136,  140,  151,  152,  207,  209,  214. 
Friday,  .John,  Jr.,  30,  112,  115,  117, 

129,  133,  136,  147,  152-3,  157,  160, 

167,  170,  173,   195,  199,  200,  213, 

251. 
Friday,  Margretta,  99. 
Friday,  Martin,  22-5,  234. 
Friday,  Mary  Elizabeth,  173,  200. 
Friday,  Susannah,  126,  136,  140, 

147,  152,  153,  157,   160,  173,  195, 

200. 
Friday,  Verona,  99. 
Frierson,  George,  273. 
Frierson,  Philip,  272,  273. 
Fritchman,  Elizabeth,  113. 
Fritchman,  John,   112.    124,    149, 

153,  157,  163. 
Fritchman,  M.,  109. 
Frittstein,  John,  99. 
Fritz,  Elizabeth,  122. 
Fritz,  Naomy  (1),  122. 
Fritz,  Naomy  (2),  122. 
PYitz,  Nicolas,  122. 


INDEX 


549 


Frogat,  Adin,  97,  113,  123. 
Frolich,  Adam,  156,  171,  207. 
Frolich,    Barbara,    156,    171,    177, 

179,  207. 
Frolich,  Barbara  (2),  171,  207. 
Frolich,  Henry,  156. 
Fry,  Caspar,  71. 
Fry.  Catharine,  115. 
Fund  (Pfiind),  Ann,  108. 
Fund,  Barbara,  30,  107,  131. 
Fund,  Catharina,  107. 
Fund,  Jacob,  184,  189. 
Fund,  Mary,  189. 
Funtzius     (Funtius,     Pfuntius), 

Catharina,  139,  154,  180. 
Funtzius,  Elizabeth,  170. 
Funtzius,  Zibilla,  142. 
Fuster,  Barbara,  94. 
Fuster,  Elizabeth,  107. 
Fuster,  Johannes,  94,  96. 
Fuster,  John,  107. 
Fuster,  iSalotue,  107. 
Fuster,  Sirrah,  107. 
Futchman,  Michael,  213. 
Gaillard,  Tacitus,  3,  4,  6,  8,  233, 

247-8,  251-5,  257-8,  260,  265,  284. 
Gallier,  John  Casper,  70. 
Gallman,   Henry,  33,   111,  226-7, 

234. 
Gallman,  John,  226,  234. 
Gandy,  Samuel,  110. 
Gant,  Joseph,  181, 
Gant,  Rachel,  163. 
Gant,  Rebecca,  109. 
Gardner,  John,  132. 
Garick,  Adam,  467. 
Garick  (Carick),  George  Ulrickt 

134. 
Gartman,  Barbara,  97,  108. 
Gaston,  Lieut.  Robert,  364,  387. 
Gatz,  George,  107. 
Geiger.  Abraham,  71,  82-3. 
Geiger,  Ann  Barbara,  107. 
Geiger,  (^apt.,  436. 
Geiger,    Herrman,    71,    111,    122, 
233-4. 


Geiger,  John,  235. 

Geiger,  John,  Casper,  71. 

Geiger.  John  Conrade,  227. 

Geiger,  John  Jacob,  71,  107,  141. 

Geiger,  Margaret,  141,  166. 

Geiger,  William,  271,  276. 

Geltzer,  Daniel,  101. 

Genney,  Lieut.  C.  M.,  387,  463. 

Gibbes's  Pond,  224,  225. 

Gibson,  Edward,  98,  109. 

Gibson,  Elizabeth,  159-60. 

Gibson,  Erasmus,  467. 

Gibson,  Eugenia,  150. 

Gibson,  Gilbert,  159,  410,  416. 

Gibson,  Hopert,  122. 

Gibson,  John,  119,  154,  171,  174. 

Gibson,  Josias,  122. 

Gibson,  Margaret,  171,  174. 

Gibson,  Martha,  171. 

Gibson,  Mary,  122. 

Gibson,  Sarah,  159. 

Giegelman,  Ann  Elizabeth,  122, 

126-7,  141,  165,  169,  174,  184. 
Giegelman,  Anne  Margaret,  190. 
Giegelman,  Hans  (John),  107,  126, 

127,  141,  150,  162,  165,  169,  173-4, 

184. 
Giegelman,  Jacob,  126,  150,   169, 

174,  184,  190. 
Giegelman,  Jacob  (2),  190. 
(Tiegelinan,  Mary  Elizabeth,  174. 
Giessendanner,   Agnes,    103,    106, 

114,  124,  213. 
Giessendanner,  Antia,  187. 
Giessendanner,  Ann,  194. 
Giessendanner,  Barbara,  wife  of 

Rev.  John,  101,  104-6,  129,  134, 

140,  156,  162,  171,  183,  185,  187-8, 

190-91,  200,  206,  214. 
Giessendanner,  Barbara,   wife  of 

Henry  (1),  102. 
Giessendanner,  Daniel,  194. 
Giessendanner,    Elizabeth,  sister 

of  Rev.  John,  60. 
Giessendanner,  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  (1),  102,  120,  191. 


550 


INDEX 


Giessendauner,  Elizal)eth,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  (2),  194. 

Giessendanner,  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel,  194. 

Giessendanner,  Elizabetli,  wife  of 
Henry  (2),  194. 

Giessendanner,  George  (1),  60,  98, 
105,  126,  145,  160,  177,  213,  215. 

Giessendanner,  George,  Jr.,  105-6, 
113,  114,  124-6,  128. 

Giessendanner,  George,  son  of 
Rev.  John,  206. 

Giessendanner,  Henry  (1),  102. 

Giessendanner,  Henry  (2),  son  of 
Rev.  John,  59,  91-2,  101,  120, 
194,  224. 

Giessendanner,  Jac*ol>,  30,  98,  103- 
5,  115,  119,  129-30,  141,  156-7, 
161-2,  166,  178,  185,  209-10,  215, 
233. 

Giessendanner,  Johannes,  104. 

Giessendanner,  Rev.  John  Uh'icii, 
30,  35,  39,  41,  43-4,  46,  47-8,  56, 
58,  62,  83,  92-5. 

Giessendanner,  Rev.  John  (John 
Ulriclv,  Ulriclc),  23,  30,  31,  35-7, 
39,  41,  44-5,  48-50,  53-60,  62-3, 
65-8,  83,  91-3,  95,  104-6,  110-11, 
156-7,  162,  165,  168,  171,  182-3, 
185,  187-94,  197,  200,  206,  213, 
216,  226,  233,  237. 

Giessendanner  record,  the,  29-32, 
34-5,  41,  43-4,  47,  59,  60,  63,  65-7, 
83,  88-9,  91-216,  237. 

Giessendanner,  Susannah  Barba- 
ra, 129,  138,  145,  150,  160,  163-4, 
166,  170,  174. 

Giessendanner,  Susannah,  dangli- 
ter  of  Rev.  John,  134,  200. 

Giessendanner,  Susannali  (2), 
daughter  of  Rev.  Jolin   156. 

Giessendanner,  Ursula,  115,  214. 

Giles,  John,  438. 

Gill,  James,  231. 

Gill,  Mary,  150. 

Ginnoway,  Ann,  123. 


Gisburne  Parish,  29. 

Gleaton,  Isaac,  127. 

Glover,  Judge  T.  W.,  64,  229. 

Golson,   Elizabeth,  160,  173,    181, 

183,  217. 
Golson,  John  Cas|)ar,  160. 
Golson,  John  Lewis,  183. 
Golson,    Lewis,    115-16,    154,    160, 

172-3,   181,  183,   190,  217-18,  226, 

247-9.  258,  265,  272,  275,  307,  431), 

436,  468. 
Golson,  Lewis  (2),  473,  4S1-2. 
Godfrey,  Mary,  110. 
Golphin,  George,  462. 
Good,  Elizabeth,  123. 
Good  by,  Sirrah,  109. 
Goodwyn,  Robert,  250,  279,  282, 

290,   293,  305,  343,  366,  386,  388, 

390,  397-8,  400,  406,  424. 
Goodwyn,  Uriah,  12,  305-6. 
Goodwyn,  William,  317,  366,  387. 
Gossling,  Anne,  181. 
Gossling,  Elizabeth  (1),  125. 
Gossling,  Elizabeth  (2),  125. 
Gossling,  George,  125. 
Gossling,    Robert,    113,    123,    125, 

138,  181. 
Gould,    or    Cloud,     Mrs.    Mary, 

234-5. 
Govan,  Andrew  (1 ),  8,  33, 174,  182, 

187. 
Govan,  Donald,  32. 
Govan,  Eliza,  32. 
Govan,  John,  4,  33,  247. 
Govan,  Rachel,  182,  187. 
Gramling,  Mrs.  Caroline,  66. 
Granby,  265,  274,  282,  284,  287,  510. 
Grant,  Frances,  185. 
Grant,  James,  185. 
Grant,  Rebecca,  185. 
Gray,  William,  110. 
Gredig,  Julius,  71. 
Greene,  Gen.,  366,  381,  510-526. 
Green,  Henry,  317. 
Green,  Thomas,  248,  251,  332. 
Greiter,  Joseph,  96. 


INDEX 


551 


Griffeii,  Absjiloiu,  135. 

Griften,  Aji:nes,  135,  139, 

Griffen,  Choice,  135. 

( T rifle n,  Jesse,  407. 

Griffen,  John,  135,  139. 

Griften,  Mary,  139. 

Griftitli  (Griettbiis,  Griffbrs,  Grif- 

fice),  Abraham,  174. 
Griffith,  Ann  Margaret,  127. 
(Griffith,  Ann,  103,  123,  127-9,  142, 

148,  158,  166,  197. 
Griffith,  Catharine,  197. 
Griffith,  David,  111. 
Griffith,  John,  149. 

Griffith,  Joseph,  103,  111-13,  123, 
127-8,  132-4,  139,  149,  153-4,  164, 
167,  172,  174,  186,  198. 

Griffitii,  Margaret,  103,  134,  139, 

149,  154,  164,  167,  174,  186,  198. 
Griffith,  Mary  (1),  123,  133. 
Griffith,  Mary  (2),  123. 
Griffith,  Peter,  97,  103,  108,  111, 

127,  129,  134,  142.  148-9,  158,  160, 

166,  172,  197. 
Griffith,  ISanuiel,  103. 
Griffith,  William,  134,  198. 
Grinnii,  Susannali,  108. 
Grimlock,  Thomas,  147. 
Grissert,  Kilian,  185. 
Grossman,  John,  116. 
Gulgnard,  iSnsan  Richardson,  465. 
Gumble,  Thomas,  140. 
Guphill,  Ann,  191. 
Guphill,  Edward,  191. 
Guphill,  Elizabeth,  191. 
Guphill,  William,  191. 
Gusseand,  John,  105. 
Gussert,  Killian,  211. 
Hagin,  Anna  Maria,  110. 
Hagood,  Gen.  Johnson,  90. 
Haig,  Elizabeth,  63,  122-3. 
Haig,  George,  23,  25,  28-9. 
Haig,  James,  275. 
Haig,  John  James,  254,  386,  456. 
Haigler,  Joanna,  155,  175. 
Haigler,  Jacob,  155,  175. 


Haigler  (Hegler),  John  Freder- 
ick, 155. 

Hails,  Eleanor,  148. 

Hails,  Robert,  148. 

Hails,  Thomas,  148,  171. 

Hainsworth,  Elizabeth,  193. 

Hainsworth,  Maria,  193. 

Hainsworth,  Richard,  193. 

Hales,  George,  230-31,  233,  246. 

Hall,  David,"  117-19,  143. 

Hamilton,  John,  96-7,  107,  251. 

Hamilton,  Mary,  186. 

Hampton,  Henry,  276. 

Hampton,  Wade,  277. 

Handasyd,  Joim,  150. 

Handshy,  Mary,  96,  108. 

Hannicke,  Caspar  Andrery,  144 

Hannicke,  John  Christopher,  144. 

Hannicke,  Sophia  Elizabeth,  144. 

Hardman,  Sirrah.  127. 

Harley,  James.  66. 

Harris,  Mary,  105.  _ 

Harris  (Harrys),  William,  100. 

Harris,  William  (2),  100.    ^ 

Harris,  William  (3),  105. 

Harrisperger,  Anne  Mary,  165. 

Harrisperger,  Barbara,  175. 

Harrisperger,  Elizabeth,  136,  139- 
40,  146,  153,  165,  173,  178. 

Harrisperger,  John,  113,  125,  131, 
135-7,  139-40,  146,  153,  157,  163, 
165,  173,  177-78,  183,  202,  205-6, 
272. 

Harrisperger,  Rudolph,  149,  157. 
161,  165,  166,  205. 

Harson,  William,  220. 

Hart,  Derrill,  387,  459. 

Hart,  Sarah,  138,  171. 

Hart,  Stephen,  171. 

Hart,  William,  113,  138,  171. 

Hartel,  Anne,  159. 

Hartel,  Henry,  159. 

Hartzog,  Anna  Maria,  183. 

Hartzog,  Anne  Mary,  163,  168. 

Hartzog,  Barnard,  119,  157,  163, 
168. 


552 


INDEX 


Hartzog,  Eve  Elizabeth,  146,  184, 

215. 
Hartzog,  George,  290. 
Hartzog,  John  Theodore,  163, 
Hartzog,  Mary  Bai'bara,  190. 
Hartzog,  Mary,  193. 
Hartzog,  Tobias,  193. 
Hasford,  Abraiiani,  127,  152,  164, 

167,  175. 
Hasford,  Barbara,  99,  100. 
Hasford,  Elizabeth,  98,  109. 
Hasford,  Joseph,  96,  98. 
Hasford,  Richard,  95-7,  100,  108. 
Haskell,  A.  V.,  388,  465. 
Haskell,  Mrs.  Charlotte,  381. 
Hatcher,  Ann,  124. 
Hatcher,  Barbara,  28. 
Hatcher,  Frances,  149. 
Hatclier,  Mary,  149. 
Hatcher,  Rachel,  118. 
Hatcher,  Seth,  32,   124,  132,  149, 

177,  202. 
Hatcher,  Setli  (2),  177. 
Hatcher,  8irrah,  107. 
Hatcher,  Susannah,  124,  149,  177. 
Hauscig,  Henry,  99,  100-1. 
Hauscig,  Margaretta,  99,  100. 
Hawskin,  Mrs.,  178. 
Hayge,  Charite,  19,  20. 
Haym  (Heym),  Barbara,  97,  104, 

108,  129. 
Hayni,  Henry,  30, 102,  112-13,  129, 

144,  156,  207,  211,  214. 
Hayner,  Eve  Elizabeth,   158,  168, 

173,  176,  184. 
Hayner,   John   George,    119,  158, 

162,  168,  173,  176,  184. 
Hayner,  John  George  (2),  168. 
Hayner,  Margaret,  176. 
Hay,  Mary,  150. 
Hay,  William,  150. 
Hearn,  John,  24-28,  55,  96-7,  246. 
Heartley,  Henry,  33. 
Heatly,  Andrew,  193. 
Heatly,  Charles  (1),  20,  22-3,  232, 

246. 


Heatly,  diaries  (2),  121,  230,  281, 

290,  293,  385,  386,  388,  417,  424, 

428-9. 
Heatly,  Elizabetli,  153. 
Heatly,  James  William  (William, 

Jr. )  128,  386-7. 
Heatly,  Mary,  wifeof  Cliarles,  22. 
Heatly,  Mary,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam, 137. 
Heatly,  Mary  Elizabeth,  121,  128, 

130,"  137,    i43,    153,    180-81,   184. 

193. 
Heatly,  Rachel,  181. 
Heatly,  Richard,  22. 
Heatly,  William,  4,  8,  22,  33,  63, 

121,' 128,  130,  137,  143,   148,  153, 

180-81,   184,   193,    230,    269,   273, 

368. 
Heckler,  Anna  Mary,  116. 
Heinein,  Barbara,  98. 
Heller,  Ann,  145. 
Heller,  Esther,  145. 
Heller,  John,  115,  129-30,  145,  148, 

157. 
Hent,  David,  79. 
Hepperditzel,    Susannah,   32,  9S, 

106. 
Hergersperger,  Anna  Barbara,  95, 

108. 
Herlong  (Herlan),  Jacob  (1),  143, 

165,  173,  185-6,  203. 
Herlong,  Jacob  (2),  143. 
Herlong,  Johannes,  185-6. 
Herlong,  Mary  Catharina,  203. 
Herlong,    Mary    Susannah,    143, 

165,  173,  186,  203. 
Herlong,  Susannah,  165. 
Hertel,  Henry,  33. 
Herter  (Hirter),  Eve  Catliarina, 

158,  178. 
Herter,  John  Nicholas,  215. 
Hessy  (Hesse),  Anna  Catharina, 

102,  154,  162,  187. 
Hessy,  Catharina,  130,  140-41,  145, 

148,  152,  181,  195. 
Hessy,  Christina,  111. 


INDEX 


553 


Hessy,  Elizabeth,  208,  214. 
Hessy,  Georf?e,  102,  119,  144,  158-4, 

162,  187. 
Hessy,  Hans  George  Henry,  97, 

108,    111,    180,    132,    140-41,   145, 

148,  152,  181,  195,  213. 
Hessy,  Henry,  203. 
Hessy,  Jacob,  148. 
Hessy,  Johann  Nicolas,  130,  195. 
Hessy,  John,  102. 
Hessy,  Joseph,  187. 
Hessy  (Hessig),  Margaret,  100. 
Hickie,  Margaret,  123. 
Hickie,  Rachel,  163. 
Hickie,  Rachel  (2),  181. 
Hickie,  Rebecca,  123,  181. 
Hickie,  William,  109, 123,  163, 181. 
Hickie,  William  (2),  163. 
Hill,  Ann,  117. 
Hill,  Sarah,  117. 
Hill,  William,  275-6. 
Hirsch,  Veronica,  215. 
Hodge,  Sarah,  159. 
Hodge,  Thomas,  159. 
Hodge,  Thomas  (2),  159. 
Hodges,  Benjamin,  387. 
Hoeffertin,  Barbara,  98. 
Hoff,  Frederick,  173,  188. 
Hoggin,  Verena,  115, 
Hoggs,  Anna,  168,  182. 
Hoggs,  Frederick,  168,  182. 
Holman,  Conrad,  123,  126,  132-5, 

139,  144-5,  147,  169-70,  172-3,  183, 

227,  237. 
Holman,  Mary  Ann,  128,  126,  182- 

5,  139,  144-5,  169-70,  172-3,  183. 
Holman,  Mary  Ann  (2),  139. 
Holmes,  Ann,  110. 
Holmes,  David,  249,  265. 
Holmes,  Solomon,  122-3. 
Honig,  Barbara,  99,  101. 
Hook,  Barbara,  105. 
Hook,  Magdalene,  105. 
Hook,  Peter,  105. 
Hojie,  Frances,  169. 
Hope,  John,  169. 


Hope,  Sarah,  169. 

Hopkins,  David,  386-7,  398,  40">-6, 

44,  459. 
Hopton,  William,  248. 
Horger,  Barbara,  102. 
Horger,  Catharine,  married  Hen- 
ry Stroman,  99,  107. 
Horger,  Catharina  (wife  ofHenry, 

Jr.),  169,  176,  190. 
Horger,  Catharina  (2),  176. 
Horger,  Henry,  30,  169,  211. 
Horger,  Henry  (2),  104,  115,  169, 

176,  190. 
Horger,  Jacob,  105,  124,  169,  181, 

215. 
Horger,  John,  157. 
Horger,  John,  son  of  Jacob,  181. 
Horger,  Lovisia,  105,  124,  181,  215. 
Horger,  Magdalene,  104,  113. 
Horger,  Maria  Magdalene,  169. 
Horger,  Peter,  97,  99,  100,  101. 
Hormutt,  Elizabeth,  116. 
Hossleiter,    Ann    Margaret,    145, 

161,  185,  203. 
Hossleiter,  (Christina,  215. 
Hossleiter,   Hans   Enjanuel,   145, 

203. 
Hossleiter,  Hans  Paul,  185. 
Hossleiter,  John  Martin,  145,  161, 

185,  208. 
Hossleiter,    John    Michael,    161, 

478. 
Housell,  William,  249,  265. 
Houser,  Andrew,  467. 
Houser,  Elias,  227. 
Howell,  Malachy,  159. 
Howell,  Race,  159. 
Howell,  Thomas,  159. 
Howell,  William,  204. 
Huber,  Agnes,  185,  215. 
Huber,  Anna  Barbara,   139,  144, 

153,  161,  170,  175,  180. 
Huber,  Christian,  200. 
Huber,  Dorothea,  94. 
Huber,  Elizabeth,  142,  144,  205. 
Huber,  Hans,  98,  200,  204,  214. 


554 


INDEX 


Huber,  Johannes,  94. 

Huber,  John  Coiu'ad,  144. 

Huber,  John  Frederick  (Fred- 
rick), 112,  116,  119,  131,  139,  141, 
143,  144,  lo],  153,  161,  170,  173, 
175,  180,  183,  185,  187,  191. 

Huber,  Joseph,  103,  114,  142,  144, 
152,  188,  205,  214. 

Huber,  JuHana,  144. 

Huber,  Magdalena,  110. 

Huber,  Magdalene,  109. 

Huber,  Margaret,  188. 

Huber,  Rosina,  144. 

Huber,  Susannah,  105,  214,  214. 

Hudson,  Samuel,  109. 

Hueden,  Barbara,  98. 

Huger,  Isaac,  252-3,  340,  361-3, 
388,  456,  466-7. 

Hugin,  Anna,  98. 

Hugin,  Theodore,  98. 

Hugg,  Anna,  151,  154,  156,  162. 

Hugg,  Barbara,  59,  101,  105. 

Hugg,  Magdalene,  143,  203,  214. 

Hugg,  Peter,  30,  105,  124,  194,  203. 

Humphries,  Ralph,  258,  260,  265, 
274,  276. 

Hungerpiller,  Bernhard  David, 
138. 

Hungerpiller,  Catharina  Marga- 
ret, 154. 

Hungerpiller,  Christina  Barbara, 
138,  155,  164,  173,  188. 

Hungerpiller,  Conrad,  138,  154, 
164,  168,  173,  178,  181. 

Hungerpiller,  Elizabeth,  138,  154, 
173,  178. 

Hungerpiller,  Hans  Barnard,  155. 

Hungerpiller,  John  Jacob,  138, 
155,  157,  164,  173,  188. 

Hungerpiller,  John  Jacob,  son  of 
Conrad,  173. 

Hungerpiller,  Zibilla  Catharina, 
138. 

Hutto,  Anna,  wife  of  Charles, 
104,  139,  143,  157-8,  175,  178, 
190-92,  197. 


Hutto,     Anna,      married      Peter 

Grieffbus,  108. 
Hutto,  Charies,  104,  108,  113,  127, 

139,  143,  157-8,  174-5,  17S,  189-92, 

197. 
Hutto,  Charles  (2),  158. 
Hutto,  Henry,  135. 
Hutto,  Jacob,  158,  164,  170,    183, 

1S9,  190,  215. 
Hotto,  Isaac  (1),  102,  116,  125,  127, 

129,   131,   135.  148,  160,  167,  175, 

197,  215. 
Hutto,  Isaac  (2),  127,  175. 
Hutto,  John  Henry,  139. 
Hutto,    Margaret    Barbara,    127, 

135,  143,  154. 
Hutto,  Margaret,  190,  215. 
Hutto,  Martin,  154. 
Hutto,  Mary  Catiiarina,  116,  129, 

131. 
Hutto,  Peter,   103,   108,   127,    135, 

143,  154. 
Hutto,  Sirrah,  108. 
Hutto,  Susannah,  107. 
Hutto,  Ulrick,  son  of  Charles,  191. 
Hyde,  Ann,  150. 
Iniboden,  Catharina,  144. 
Imboden,  Hans,  144,  189. 
Iniboden,  Margaret  (1),  189. 
Imboden,  Margaret  (2),  189. 
Imdoden,  Peter,  218. 
Imboden,  Ulrick,  144. 
Imdortr,  Hans,  30,  96-7,  101,  104, 

107,   128,   143,  145,  149,  158,  160, 

204,  214. 
ImdorfF,  Magdalena,  30,  102,  128. 

143,  149,  158,  204,  214. 
Imhoti;    J.    L.  P.,  280,  293,  314, 

386,  388,  418,  420,  424-5,  428-9. 
Tnabinet,  Andrew,  108,  114,  12-5, 

195,  208. 
Inabinet,  Baldhazar,  104. 
Inal>inet,  Christian,  121. 
Inabinet,  John,  97,  104,  108,  121, 

125-6,  129,  136,  143,  155,  160,  169, 

170,  177,  214. 


INDEX 


555 


Tnabinet,  Margaret,  102,  104,  121, 
129,  143,  160.  169-70,  177. 

Tnabinet,  Margaret  (2),  143. 

Inabinet,  Maria,  125,  215. 

Inabinet,  Mary,  114,  121,  125,  187, 
214. 

Inabinet,  Mary,  wife  of  Andrew, 
208. 

Inabinet,  Mary,  daugliter  of  An- 
drew, 208. 

Inabinet,  Peter,  177. 

Inabinet,  Samuel,  129. 

Ininjliti,  Agnes,  98. 

Izlar  (Yssler),  Jacob,  179. 

Jacl<son,  Agnes,  193. 

Jackson,  Anne,  170. 

Jackson,  David,  112,  129,  139,  170. 

Jackson,  David  (2),  170. 

Jackson,  John,  129. 

Jackson,  Joseph,  131. 

Jackson,  Lydia,  139. 

Jackson,  Mary,  129,  131,  139,  170. 

Jackson,  Miles,  97,  109. 

Jackson,  Riciiard,  150. 

Jackson,  Tliomas,  97. 

James,  Francis,  153. 

James,  Mary,  153. 

James,  Patty,  153. 

Jamison,  Dr.  V.  de  V.,  38. 

Jamison,  Capt.  V.  de  V.,  68. 

Jamison,  Gen.  D.  F.,  59,  68,  475. 

Jenkins,  Ann,  114. 

Jennings,  Barbara,  122,  124,  130, 
137,  141,  143,  152,  164,  166,  174, 
185-7,  213. 

Jennings,  Elizabeth,  105,  129,  137, 
152-3,  164. 

.lennings,  or  Zanini,  Gideon,  31, 
195,  202,  214. 

Jennings,  Gideon  (2),  137. 

Jennings,  John,  31,  96,  105,  120, 
122,  124,  130,  134,  137,  141,  143, 
152,  164,  166,  174,  185-7,  274. 

Jennings,  Margaret,  164. 

Jennings,  Phillip,  31,  98,  105,  109, 
129,  137,  152-3,  156,  164,  188. 


Jennings,  Ursetta,  109. 
Jennings,   or  Zanini,   Ursula,  31, 

202. 
.lohnson,  Hannah,  189. 
Johnson,  John,  193.     ^-^ 
Johnson,  Jonathan,  y89, 
Jones,  Anne,  165,  184. 
Jones,  Elizabeth,  133. 
Jones,  Esther,  104,  113,  123. 
Jones,  Eugenia  (1),  103,  105. 
Jones,  Eugenia  (2),  103. 
Jones,  Hannah,  103. 
Jones,  Henry,  104. 
Jones,   John   (1),   100,  103-4,  113, 

123. 
Jones,  John,  son  of  John,  100. 
Jones,  John,  son  of  Thfmias,  105. 
Jones,  Joseph,  103. 
Jones,  Mary,  123. 
Jones,  Samuel  P.,  64. 
Jones,  Thomas,  98,  103,  105,   109. 
Jones,  Thomas  (2),  103. 
Jordon,  Henry,  166,  188. 
Jordon,  Mary,  166. 
Jordon,  Mary  (2),  166. 
Joyner,  Agnes,  132,  191. 
.Joyner,  (,'harles,  135. 
Joyner,  Elizabeth,  132. 
Joyner,  Faithful,  132. 
Joyner,  John,  Jr.,  119. 
Joyner,  John,  son  of  John   and 

Miles,  131. 
Joyner,  Joseph,  97,  109,  131-2. 
Joyner,  Mary  Ann,  155. 
Joyner,  Mary,  98,  109. 
Joyner,  Miles,  131. 
Joyner,  Nathan,  98,  109,  135,  155. 
Joyner,  Samuel,  132. 
Joyner,  Thomas,  95,  108,  132. 
Joyner,  Winifred,  132,  135,  155. 
Jubb,  Ann  Margaret,  166. 
Jul)b,  Elizabeth,  140. 
Jubb,    Eva  Catharina,    127,    140, 

149,  166,  189. 
Jubb,  John,  107,  127,  140,  149,  166, 

189. 


556 


INDEX 


Jubb,  Susannah,  189. 

Juhb,  William,  127, 

Justus,  Viilentia,  97. 

Kaiglor,  Andrew,  271. 

Kannady,  John,  110. 

Kaun,  Henry,  137. 

Kays,  Anna,  178. 

Kays,  Elizabeth,  215. 

Kays,  John,  137,  153. 

Kearn,  Jacob,  161. 

Keller,  Ann  Mary,  147. 

Keller,  Christopher,  147. 

Keller,  Mathias,  96,  102,  108. 

Kelly,  Daniel,  230,  272. 

Kelly,  Gersham,  230. 

Kelly,  John,  146. 

Kelly,  Margaret,  146. 

Kelly,  Samuel,  228. 

Kenmiler,  Anna  Margaret,  192-3. 

Kemmler,  Anna  Maria,  167. 

Kemmler,  Ann  Mary,  147. 

Kemmler,  Christopher,  147. 

Kemmler,  Hans  Henry,  165. 

Kemmler,  Hans  Michael,  147. 

Kemmler,  Henry,  167. 

Kemmler,     Margaret,     165,     181, 

192-3. 
Kemmler,  Martin,  165,  181,  192-3. 
Ken  nelly,  Thomas,  249. 
Kern,   Catharina  Elizabeth,  141, 

151,  157,  160,  164,  175. 
Kern,  Elizabeth  Barbara,  160. 
Kern,  John  Frederick,  175. 
Kern,  Lewis,  116, 141, 151,  154,  157, 

160, '164,  175. 
Kern,  Mary  Elizabeth,  141. 
Kershaw,  Eli,  279,  287,  293,  301, 

332,  386,  388,  390,  392,  397-S.  400, 

406,  424,  439,  450. 
Kesebirnger,  Anna  B  ,  95. 
Kesselringer,  Anna  Barbara,  100. 
Keyser,  Eva  Catharina,  119. 
King,  George,  257-8,  269,  272. 
King,  Mary,  111. 
Kinsler,   (Kuntzler,    Kensalow), 

Caspar,  71. 


Kinsler,  Conrad,  71. 

Kinsler,  John,  265. 

Kinsman,  Samuel,  21. 

Kirchner,  Ann,  141. 

Kirchner,  Eberhardt,  141. 

Kirrel,  C'hristopher,  147. 

Kirrel,  Mary  Margaret  (Magda- 
lene), 147. 

Kirrel,  Michael,  147. 

Kitchen,  Barbara,  210. 

Kitchin,  Charles,  109. 

Kitchin,  John,  107. 

Kitelman,  John,  206. 

Kitelman,  Mary  Catharina,  206. 

Knight,  James,  486. 

Knobel,Elizabeth,  143,152,168,188. 

Knobel,  George  Frederick,  115, 
143,  152,  168,  183. 

Knobel,  John  Martin,  168. 

Knobel,  Margaret  Barbara,  143. 

Knobel,  Maria  Regina,  152. 

Koch  (Cook),  Ann,  127,  137,  198. 

Koch,  Hans  Heinrich,  127,  198. 

Koch,  Johannes,  137. 

Koch,  Joseph,  127,  137,  144,  198. 

Koch,  Maria  (1),  102. 

Koch,  Maria  (2),  102, 

Kock,  Regula,  105,  108. 

Koenig,  Margaret,  100,  145. 

Koone,  Anna,  14»5. 

Koone,  Henry,  145. 

Koone,  Margaret,  145. 

Kooner,  (Kuhner,  Kuhnen,  Kur- 
ner,  Koonen,  Cooner),  Anna 
Catharina,  146,  156,  179. 

Kooner,  Anna,  175,  215. 

Kooner,  Anna,  wife  of  Jacob,  Sr., 
138,  157. 

Kooner,  Anne,  daughter  of  Fran- 
cis, 162. 

Kooner,  Barbara,  205. 

Kooner,  Catharina,  122,  134,  157. 

165,  175,  184,  187-8,  202,  211. 
Kooner,  Francis,  98,  103,  141,  149, 
151,    154,   162,    175,  184-5,   187-8, 
203,  211,  214. 


INDEX 


557 


Kooner,  George  Jacob,  "116,   146, 

156,  179. 

Kooner,  Hans  George,  184. 
Kooner,  Hans  Jacob,  134,  202,  138. 
Kooner,   Jacob,    Sr.,   30,   97,    104, 

149,  151,  157,  196,  201. 
Kooner,  Jacob  (2),  110,  134,  148, 

157,  162,  165,  175,  184,  187-8,  202, 
214. 

Kooner,   Jacob,    son   of  Francis, 

151,  203. 
Kooner    (Kooney),    Jacob,    120, 

217. 
Kooner,  Margaret,  157. 
Kooner,  Martin,  30,  98, 109-10,  202, 

205,  207. 
Kooner,  Mary,  151,  154,  162,  184, 

185,  187,  203. 
Kooner,  Regina,  196,  214. 
Kotgen,  Christina  Barbara,  104. 
Kotgen,  Christina,  104. 
Kotgen,  George,  104. 
Kramer,  Christina,  159. 
Kramer,  Lewis,  159. 
Kramer,  Peter,  159. 
Kranich,  Anne  Mary,  162. 
Kranieh,  John  Peter,  162. 
Kranick,  John  Valentia,  116,  162, 

174. 
Kranick  (Cronich),VaIentine,218. 
Krichen,  Regina,  99,  101. 
Kubler,  George,  218. 
Kuhn,  Anna  Barbara,  195. 
Kuhn,  Anna  Maria,  153,  164,  172, 

175,  188. 
Kuhn,    Caspar,    112-13,    153,    164, 

172-3,  175,  188,  195. 
Kuhn,  Jacob,  95. 
Kuhn,  John  Adam,  153. 
Kuhn,  John  Conrad,  164. 
Kuhn,  John  Lewis,  172. 
Laehryig,  Margretta,  100. 
Laessig,  Anna  Barbara,  100. 
Lammons,  Francis,  110. 
Lamnion,  Robert,  113. 
Lane,  John,  159. 


Lane,  Mary,  159, 

Lane,  Sarah,  159. 

Lap,  Elizabeth,  123,  133. 

La  Puis,  Abraham,  144. 

La  Puis,  Abraham  (2),  144. 

La  Puis,  Susannah,  144. 

Larey  (Larry),  Daniel,  91. 

Larey,  Magdalena,  104. 

Larey,  Margaret,  107,  129,  136-7, 

158. 
Larey,  Margaret  (2),  122. 
Larey,  Margaret  (3),  197. 
Larey,  Mrs.  Mary,  91,  120. 
Larey,  Michael,  97,  108,  114,  116, 

124,   127,   133,   147,   156,  170,  172, 

197,  208,  214. 
Larey,  Michael  (2),  133. 
Larey,  Nicholas,  122. 
Larey,  Peter,  129,  134,  136-7,  151, 

158. 
Larey,  Regel,  Regula,  or  Rachel, 

104-5,  122,  124,  127,  133,  147,  156, 

172,  197. 
Larkius,  Margaret,  119. 
Larrywecht,  Ann  Catharina,  116. 
Lebennder,  Ann  Catharina,  139. 
Lebennder,  AppoUonia,  139,  161, 

173. 
Lebennder,  Barnard,  139, 161, 169- 

70,  173. 
Lebennder,  John,  173. 
Lebennder,  Mary  Elizabeth,  161. 
Lee,    Col.    Henry,    379,   511,   518, 

523-4. 
Lee,  John,  249. 
Leitner,    Michael,   237,   265,   268, 

278. 
Leslie,  James,  249. 
Leviston,  Esther,  150. 
Leviston,  Hugh,  150. 
Lewis,  David,  156. 
Lewis,  Esther,  156. 
Lewis,  James,  113,  156. 
Leysaht,  Joliannes,  140. 
Leysaht,   John    William,   115-16. 

134-5,  138-40. 


558 


INDEX 


Leysaht,  Ursula.  134,  140,  188. 
Linder,  Daniel,    117,    152,   l«J6-7, 

182. 
Linder,  Daniel  (2),  152. 
Linder,  Elizabeth,  100,  166. 
Linder,  Lewis,  30,  100,  114,   116, 

120,  140-1,  151-2,  159,  206. 
Linder,  Mary,  114. 
Linder,  Mary  Magdalene,  140-41, 

152. 
Linder,  Samuel,  166. 
Linder,  Sarah,  152,  166-7,  182. 
Linder,  Susannah,  182. 
Linsey  (Lindsay),  Barnard,  182. 
Linsey,  C'harles,  182. 
Linsey,  Martha,  182. 
Little,  William.  194. 
Liver,  Jacob,  111. 
Lloyd,  John,  118-19,  130,  137,  143, 

162,  172,  181,  185,  193,  218,  233. 
Lloyd,  Joseph,  162. 
Lloyd,  Rachel,  130,  137,  143,  162, 

172,  181,  185,  193. 
Lloyd,  Rachel  Elizabeth,  130. 
Logan,  John,  137,  141. 
Looser,  John  Conrad,  147. 
Looser,  Mary,  134. 
Looser,    Mary    Magdalene,    134, 

147. 
Looser,  Michael,  134,  147. 
Lovelies,  Anne,  171. 
Lovelies,  Elizabeth,  171. 
Lovelies,  Sarah,  171. 
Lovelies,  Thomas,  171. 
Lucas,  John,  60,  61,  63-4,  66,  68-9, 

91-2,  96,  193,  199. 
Lyons,  Barbara,  104. 
Lyons,  Joseph,  97,  108. 
Lywick,  Thomas,  172. 
Maekey,  Elizabeth,  117,  135. 
Marion,  Gen.  Francis,  511-13. 
Markis,  Joseph,  112. 
Markly,  Ann,  110. 
Markly,  Aima  Maria,  102. 
Markly,  Rosina,  130,  145. 
Martin,  Priscilla,  142. 


Martin,  William,  63,  97,  114,  131, 

142,  155. 
Maskall,    Lieut.    (Capt.),     386-7, 

448. 
Maxwell,  Margaret,  109. 
McCarthey,  Jeremiah,  181. 
McCarthey,  Rachel,  181. 
McCarthey,  Randal,  181. 
McC'olloch,  George,  177. 
MeColIoch,  John,  177. 
McColloch,  Lydia,  177. 
McCord,  Alexander,  117. 
McCord,  Charles,  140,  185. 
McCord,  David,  185. 
McCord,  Jonn,  23,  112,  114,  118-19, 

121,  130,  143,  169,  185,  250-51. 
McCord,  Mary,  143. 
McCord,  Russell  P.,  40. 
McCord,  Sophinisba,  130,  143,  169, 

185. 
McCoy,  Hugh,  196. 
McCrady,  Gen.  Edward,  529. 
McFarlen,  Elizabeth,  168. 
McP'ashon,  Thomas,  122. 
McGinis,  Lieut.,  387,  464-5. 
McGowan,  Margaret,  171,  179. 
McGowan,  Mary,  171,  176. 
McGowan,  John,  171,  179. 
McGrae,  Edward  (1),  122. 
McGrae,  Edward  (2),  122. 
McGrae,  Obedience,  122. 
McGrue,  Alexander,  140,  150,  159. 
McGrue.  Margaret,  140,  150,  159. 
McGrue,  Mary,  140. 
McGrue,  William,  140. 
Mclntire,  Ann,  147. 
Mclntire,  Duncan,  147,  165. 
McLennen,   Ann   Margaret,    117, 

139. 
McMichael,  C.  M.,  471,  480. 
McMichael,  Geoi-ge,  484-5. 
McMichael,  Jack,  222. 
McMichael,  Jacob,  471. 
McNichols,  Catharina,  148. 
McNichols,  Elizabeth,  148,  171. 
McNichols,  Elizabeth  (2),  171. 


INDEX 


559 


McNichols,  George,  179. 
McNichol,  John,  8,  251. 
McNichols,  Margaret,  153. 
McNichols,  William,  148,  171,  176, 

180. 
McQueen,  Alexander,  388. 
McWilliams,  John,  269,  223. 
Mecket,  William,  113. 
Meckel,  Anna,  129,  142,  149. 
Meckel,  Hans  Henry,  129. 
Meckel,  William,  129,  142,  149. 
Mcetze,  Rev.  J.  Y.,  89. 
Megrew,  Eugenia,  109. 
Mell,  Anna  Catharina,  215. 
Mell,  Henry,  116-17,  139,  155,  172, 

174. 
Mell,   Mary  Catharina,   155,  172, 

174. 
Mercier,  Elizabeth,   63,  140,   149, 

159,  163,  226,  231,  237. 
Mercier,  Margaret,  140. 
Mercier,  Peter,  140,  233. 
Merkly,  David,  126,  130. 
Merrimans,  James,  96. 
Merryan,  Francis,  110. 
Michill,  Plovvers,  110. 
Middepen,  221. 
Middleton,  Charles,  12,  159. 
Middleton,  Hannah,  111. 
Middleton,  Hugh,  280,  312,  387-8. 
Middleton,  John,  109. 
Middleton,  William,  278. 
Mikell,  Ephriam,  265. 
Miller,  Angelia,  151. 
Miller,  Anna,  178. 
Miller,  Catharina  (1),  136. 
Miller,  Catharina  (2),  136. 
Miller,  Christopher,  116,  151. 
Miller,  Emanuel,  114, 136, 146, 154, 

178,  208. 
Miller,  Jacob,  20. 
Miller,  John,  115,  136,  178. 
Miller,  John,  son  of  Emanuel,  136. 
Miller,  John  Frederick,  151. 
Miller,  Magdalene,  154. 
Miller,  Mary,  136,  154,  178. 


Millhouse,  John,  228. 

Millis,  Anne,  172. 

Millis,  Eugenia,  156. 

Millis,  Fanny,  178. 

Millis,  John  (1),  156,  172,  178. 

Millis,  John  (2),  156. 

Millis,  Thomas,  172. 

Mills,  John,  254. 

Milner,  Benjamin,  158. 

Milner,  Dorcas,  158,  191. 

Mineor,  Emanuel,  118. 

Minnick,  Christian,  4,    113,    135, 

153,  217,  227,  233,  237,  247. 
Minnick,  Rebecca,  135,  138,  153. 
Minnick's  Bridge,  226. 
Mintz,  Anna   Barbara    136,   151, 

167,  183-4,  209. 
Mintz,  Hans  Jacob,  183-4. 
Mintz,  Johann  Caspar,  136. 
Mintz,  John,  143. 
Mintz,  John  Caspar,  136,  151,  167, 

183-4,  209. 
Mintz,  John  George  Melchior,  167, 

207. 
Mintz,  John  Jacob,  151,  209. 
Mitchell,  Ephriam,  249. 
Mitchell,  John,  170,  193,  204. 
Mitchell,  Lieut.,  387,  414. 
Mitchell,  Phibbe,  170,  204. 
Mitchell,  Rebecca,  184. 
Mitchell,  William,  158,  184. 
Mitchell,  William  (2),  170,  204. 
Monheim,  Catharina,  158. 
Monheim,  Christopher,  115,  155, 

158,  199. 
Monheim,  Eve  Catharina,  158. 
Montier,  Lewis,  96,  108. 
Moor,  Mary,  109. 
Moore,  Col.  James,  19. 
Moore,  James,  271,  274. 
Moorer,  Dorothy,  194. 
Moorer,  Frederick,  186. 
Moorer,  John,  150. 
Moorer,  John  Henry,  169. 
Moorer,  Magdalene,  145,  150,  169, 

186. 


560 


INDEX 


.  Moorer,  Peter,  8r.,  11,  30,  98,  150, 
162,  208. 

Moorer,  Peter,  Jr.,  103,  107,  113, 
145,  150,  169,  186,  188,  191,  194. 

Morfi;  Barbara,  113. 

Morff,  Christiana,  193. 

Morfi;  Felix,  129,  214. 

Morff,  Hans  Ulrick,  113,  129. 

Morff,  Jacob,  111,  181,  193. 

Morff,  Margaret,  129. 

Morris,  William,  342. 

Morrison,  ("atharina,  128. 

Morrison,  John,  128,  147,  165. 

Morrison,  Mary  (1),  128,  147. 

Morrison,  Mary  (2),  147. 

Morys,  Thomas,  96. 

Motte,  Mnj.  Christian,  24,  35-6, 
47,  53,  57,  94,  246-7. 

Motte,  Elizabeth,  466. 

Motte,  Jacob,  247. 

Motte,  Rebecca,  24. 

Moultrie,  Gen.  William,  490—500. 

Murphy,  Grace,  123. 

Murphy,  Hugh,  123. 

Murphy,  Mary,  123. 

Murphy,  Rebecca,  95,  108. 

Murray,  Isabel,  192. 

Murray,  Margaret,  192. 

Murray,  Thomas,  192. 

Murrowe,  William,  66. 

Myers  (Meyer,  Myer),  Anna  Bar- 
bara, 94. 

Myers,  Ann  Margaret,  151,  155, 
193,  215. 

Myers,  Ann,  142. 

Myers,  Catherine,  96,  107. 

Myers,  Christian,  94. 

Myers,  Elizabeth,  146. 

Myers,  Henry,  95, 

Myers,  Johannes,  94. 

Myers,  John,  30,  94,  142,  151,  155, 
175,  181,  186,  192. 

Myers,  John  (2),  99. 

Myers,  John  Frederick,  155,  175. 

Myers,  John  Jacob,  95,  99,  100. 

Myers,  Margaret,  142, 175, 186,  192. 


Negely,   Anna,   30,   154,   178,  205, 

214. 
Negely,  Barbara,  154,  158. 
Negely,  Caspar,  125,  143,  KiO,  214. 
Negely,  Catharina,  110. 
Negely,  Hans,  127,  134.  142,  154. 
Negely,  Margaret,  97,  102,  108. 
Negely,  Mary,  108. 
Negely,  Peter,  134,  142,  144. 
Nelson,  Jared,  3,  275. 
Netnian,  Lewis,  170,  180. 
Newton,  James,  218. 
Newton,  Jane,  180. 
Newton,  John.  230. 
Newton,  Rachel,  180. 
Newton,  Thomas,  230. 
Nicks,  Edward,  171. 
Nicks,  .Tames,  183. 
Nicks,  Judith,  18,3. 
Nicks,  8amuel,  183. 
Noe,  Margaret,  167-8. 
Noe,  Nicholas,  167-8. 
Nuffer,  Christina,  146. 
Nuffer,  Christopher,  146. 
O'Dom,  Daniel,  467. 
Oflll,  Elizabeth,  158. 
Ofill,  John,  119,  I.-.8. 
OtlU,  John  (2),  158. 
Ofill,  William,  158. 
O'Hearn,  John,  132. 
O'Hearn,  Morris,  132. 
O'Hearn,  Phibbe,  132. 
Oisins,  Lucretia,  174. 
Oisins,  Lydia,  174. 
Oisins,  Mary,  174. 
Oisins,  Thomas,  174. 
Oliver,  John,  4. 
Oliver,  Mary,  126. 
Oliver,  Peter,  126,  156. 
Oliver,  Thomas,  126. 
O'Neal,  Frederick,  150. 
Orange,  William,  Prince  of,  2,  35. 
Orangeburgh,  Siege  of,  514. 
Ott  (Oth\  Barbara,  wife  of  Mcl- 

chior,  208. 
Ott,  Barbara,  wife  of  Ulrick,  191. 


INDEX 


561 


Ott,  Caspar,  112,  115,  142,  157,  102, 

172,  187. 
Ott,  Elizabeth,  191. 
Ott,  Esther,  115,  127. 
Ott,  Hans  George,  157. 
Ott,  Jacob,  118,  115,  119,  129,  lo7, 

1(36,  178,  182,  19i 
Ott,  Jacob  (2),  157. 
Ott,  John,  181,  186-7,  190-91,  198. 
Ott,  Jolin  Frederick,  112. 
Ott,  Margaret,  157,  178,  182,  192. 
Ott,  Margaret  (2),  142. 
Ott,  Maria,  172. 

Ott,  Mary,  142,  157,  162,  172,  187. 
Ott,  Mary  Elizabeth,  187. 
Ott,  Melchior,  30,  98,  107,  142,  2ol, 

205,  208. 
Ott,  Ulrick,  186,  191,  211. 
Otto,  Anna,  97,  123. 
Otto,  Isaac,  97,  123. 
Ottow,  Maria  Catliarina,  123. 
Owen,  Thomas,  228. 
Ox,  John  Frederick,  144. 
Parker,  Lieut.,  477,  479. 
Parkinson,  John,  12,  274,  278. 
Parks,  Jolin,  159. 
Parler,  iSadrick,  230. 
Partridge,  Ann,  149-50. 
Partridge,  Martha  Ann,  149-50. 
Partridge,  Nathaniel,  149-50. 
Partridge,  Nathaniel  (2),  150. 
Patrick,  Frances,  161. 
Patrick,  Henry,  249,  260,  265. 
Patrick,  John,  126. 
Patrick,  Lewis,  161,  163,  171,  184. 
Patrick,  Lewis,  son  of  Lewis,  184. 
Patrick,  Lewis,  son  of  Luke,  154, 

202. 
Patrick,  Luke,  114,  126,  133-4,  154, 

161,  163,  166,  168,  171,  202,  205. 
Patrick,  Luke  (2),  134. 
Patrick,  Mary,  126,  134,  154,  168, 

171,202. 
Patrick,  Paul,  161. 
Patton,  N.,  110. 


Pearson,  John,  96-7,  100,  107,  150, 

250. 
Pearson,  Martha,  150. 
Pearson,  Mary,  97,  150. 
Pearson,  Philip,  218,  248. 
Peck,  Brigitta,  147. 
Peck,  Jacob,  144,  147. 
Pendarvis,  Abraham,  147. 
Pendarvis,  Arketta,  105. 
Pendarvis,  Benjamin,  131. 
Pendarvis,  Brand,  98-9,  101,  105, 

109,  121, 127,  130-31, 133,  152,  154, 

165,  188. 

Pendarvis,    Hannah,    146,    151-2, 

166,  168,  188. 
Pendarvis,  James,  96,  107. 
Pendarvis,  Joseph,  188. 
Pendarvis,  Sarah,  151-2. 
Pendarvis,  Sertina,  127,  131,  152, 

154. 
Pendarvis,    Thomas,    146,    151-2, 

166,  168,  188. 
Pendarvis,  Ursula,  103,  105. 
Pendarvis,   William,    125,    127-8, 

165-6,  184. 
Pennington,  Isaac,  249. 
Peoples,  Henry,  271 ,  274. 
Peterman,  Catharina,  117. 
Petri,  Anna,  106. 
Petri,  Johann,  106. 
Petri,  Mattiiias,  106. 
Petri,  Zibilla  Catharina,  138. 
Phillips,  Hugh,  467 
Pickens,  Gen.  Andrew,  524. 
Pickings,  Anna,  112,  158. 
Pickings,  Martha,  liO. 
Pickings.  N.,  110. 
Pickings,  Samuel,  110,  119,  158, 
Pieren,  Magdalene,  96,  107. 
Pinckney,  Thomas,  465-6. 
Piatt,  Barbara,  142,  157,  160,  174, 

190. 
Piatt,  Elizabeth,  142. 
Piatt,  James,  190. 
Piatt,  Jane,  175,  185. 
Piatt,  Jane  (2),  185. 


562 


INDEX 


Piatt,  John,  142,  157,  160,  174,  190. 

Piatt,  Mary,  157. 

Piatt,  Patty,  174. 

Piatt,  Thomas,  4,  8,  175,  185,  250. 

Piatt,  William,  175. 

Porch  er,  Isaac,  276. 

Porter,  Jacob,  103. 

Potts,  Ann,  123. 

Potts,  Barbara,  123. 

Potts,  Isabel,  122. 

Potts,  John,  123. 

Pou,  David,  249,  265, 

Poll,  Gavin,  4,  8,  33,  100,  129,  131, 

134,  141,  140,  152,  156,  160,  186, 

227,  247—250. 
Pou,  George  (1),  103. 
Pou,  John,  120. 
Pou,  Margaret,   129,  134,  141,  149, 

152,  156,  160,  186. 
Pou,  Mary,  129. 
Pou,  Philip,  156.    f 
Pou,  Robert  (1),  100. 
Pou,  Robert  (2),  141. 
Pou,  William,  186. 
Poutchmouth,  Frederica,  134. 
Poutchmouth,  Magdalena,  134. 
Poutchmouth,  Martin,  134,  140. 
Poutchmouth,  Mary,  140. 
Powell,  Anne,  176,  191. 
Powell,  Deborah,  191. 
Powell,  Elizabeth,  114. 
Powell,  John,  191. 
Powell,     Martha,     daughter     of 

Thomas  and  Sarah,  124. 
Powell,     Martha,     daughter    of 

Thomas  and  Anne,  176. 
Powell,  Sarah,  124,  176. 
Powell,  Thomas,  176,  191. 
Powell,  Thomas,  122,  124-5. 
Powell,  William,  116. 
Powell,  Winnifred,  124. 
Pritchard,  James,  265.  274. 
Pruncen,  Jacob,  94. 
Puckridge,  Anne,  165. 
Puckridge,    Cathariiia,    126,    131, 

165-6,  184. 


Puckridge,  Elizabeth,  126. 
Puckridge,  John,  184. 
Puckridge,  Thomas,  107,  126,  131, 

165-6,  184. 
Puhl,  Philip,  226. 
Purvis,  Capt.  John,  279. 
Raber    (Reber),    Anna   Angelia, 

124,  126,  146,  151,  160,  194. 
Raber,  Anna  Magdalena,  194. 
Raber,  Ulrick,  115-16, 124, 126, 140, 

146,  151,  160,  194. 
Raiford,  Mary,  107. 
Raiford,  William,  250. 
Railly,  Ann,  133. 
Railly,  Ann,  wife  of  Thomas,  142. 
Railly,  John,  133. 
Railly,  Patrick,  133. 
Railly,  Thomas,  142. 
Rat  ford,  Joseph,  95,  108. 
Ratford,  Mary,  155. 
Rawdon,  Lord,  511-523. 
Rawlins,  Robert,  117. 
Reece,  Evan,  205. 
Reece,  Marget,  123. 
Reed,  William,  271. 
Regulators,  218-19. 
Reich,  Elizabeth,  102-3. 
Reich,  Louis,  102-3. 
Reichart,  Christian,  117. 
Reichman,  Henry,  102. 
Reigchig,  Elizabeth,  100. 
Rennarson,  George,  12,  278, 
Rice,  Elizabeth,  119. 
Rice,  Henry  B.,  467. 
Richard,  Elizabeth,  110. 
Richards,  James  Ley  ton,  275. 
Richardson,  Ezekiah  Cantey,  179. 
Richardson,  Mrs.  N.,  179. 
Richardson,  MissN.,  179. 
Richardson,  Col.  (General)  Rich-. 

ard,  174,  179,  264,  266,  291-370, 

405-6,  424,  431,  469. 
Richardson,  Richard,  Jr.,  179. 
Richmond,    Dr.    Jacob,    260,  265, 

274. 
Rickeubacker,    Ann,    widow    of 


INDEX 


563 


Henry  (1),  108. 

Ric'kenbacker,  Anna,  wife  of  Hen- 
ry (2),  102,  104,  125-6,  135,  140, 
105,  105,  172. 

Rickenbacker,  Anne  Catharina, 
164. 

Rickenbacker,  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  (2),  140. 

Rickenbacker,  Henry  (1),  28,  95. 

Rickenbacker,  Henry  (2),  11,  96, 
99,  108,  115,  117,  125-6,  135,  140, 
154-5,  164-5,  172,  177,  190,  200, 
210,  214,  227,  237,  269,  272. 

Rickenbacker,  Henry  (3),  99. 

Rickenbacker,  Jacob  (1),  104. 

Rickenbacker,  Jacob  (2),  66-7. 

Rickenbacker,  Johannes,  125. 

Riemensperger,  Hans  Jacob,  74. 
87. 

Riley,  Elizabeth,  131 . 

Riley,  Miles,  112,  114,  131. 

Rintz,  Hans  George,  146. 

Roach,  Nash,  32. 

Roberts,  Charlotte,  192. 

Roberts,  Elizabeth,  189. 

Roberts,  John,  192. 

Roberts,  John  Jacob,  192. 

Roberts,  Mary,  189. 

Roberts,  Reuben,  189. 

Roberts,  Reuben  (2),  189. 

Roberts,  Solomon,  189. 

Robinson,  Anna,  125, 130, 133,  201. 

Robinson,  Antony,  133. 

Robinson,  (George,  12,  230,  265. 

Robinson,  John,  11,  110. 

Robinson,  Joseph,  96,  98-9,  121, 
12.5,  130,  133,  194,  201. 

Robinson,  Joseph  (2),  222. 

Robinson,  Mary,  215. 

Robinson,  William,  100,  222,  271, 
274,  278. 

Robison,  Capt.  George,  274-5. 

Rohrig,  Anna,  101. 

Rose,  Ann,  105. 

Ross,  Isaac,  250. 

Roth,  Agnes,  205, 


Roth,  Ann,  wife  of  Peter,  30,  127, 

196,  198. 
Roth,     Ann,     married     William 

Mecket,  113. 
Roth,  Catharine,  177, 179, 180, 188. 
Roth,   Catharine  Elizabetli,   181, 

213. 
Roth,  Christian,  101,  134,  143,  160, 

177,  192. 
Roth,  Christian  (2),  160. 
Roth,  Elizabeth,  100,  103,  106, 128, 

143,  160   177,  192,  214. 
Roth,  Elizabeth  (2),  177. 
Roth,  Hans,  97,  143. 
Roth,  Hans  George,  160. 
Roth,  Jacob,  105,  107, 115, 129, 160, 

177. 
Roth,  John,  Jr.,  170-71. 
Roth,  John  Ulrick,  127,  198. 
Roth,  Lewis,  141, 152, 160, 165, 173, 

176,  181,  213. 
Roth,  Maria  Christiana,  101. 
Roth,  Mary  Barbara,  141, 160, 165, 

173,  176,  181,  213. 
Roth,  Peter,  30,  114-15,   127,  14-5, 

157,  165,  190,  196,  198,  203,  205. 
Rotli,  Ulrick,   127,  129,  142-3,  147, 

149,  177,  179,  180,  188. 
Rowe,  Anna,  wife  of  Henry,  99, 

101,  182. 
Rowe,   Christopher,    or    Michael 

Christopher,  4,  8,  33,  67,  99,  100- 

106,    111-17,    119,    129-30,    133-5, 

137,  139-41,  143-4,  147,  151-2,  154, 

165-6, 187,  190, 193, 196, 213, 227-8, 

237,  248-9,  250-51,  258,  265,  307, 

430,  468. 
Rowe,  Christopher,  s«>n  of  Henry, 

182. 
Rowe,  Donald  (2),  66-7. 
Rowe,  Henry,  33,  158,  182. 
Rowe,  Capt.  John  C.,  66-7. 
Rowe,  Margaret,  103,  106,  129-30, 

133-35,  139-40,  143,  151-2, 165,  193, 

196. 
Rowe,  Maria,  129,  196. 


564 


INDEX 


Rowe,  Peter,  06-7. 

Rowe,  Racliel,  or  Regina  Barbara, 

99,  101,  164,  166,  171,  215. 
Rowe,  Samuel,  8,  33,  218,  249-50, 

265,  274,  276,  488. 
Rowe,  Dr.  William,  66. 
Riimph,  Abraham  (1),  loO. 
Rumph,  Abraham  (2),  150,  201. 
Rumph,  Ann,  wife  of  Jacob  (1), 

125-6,  130,  133,  150-51,   157,  162, 

170,  188,  201,  214. 
Rumph,  Anna,  daughter  of  Jaeob 

(1),  125. 
Rumph,  Anne,  daughter  of  David 

(1),  168. 
Rumph,  Catherine,  96,  107. 
Rumph,  David  (1),  100,  124-5,  127, 

130-31,  146,  168. 
Rumph,  David,  son  of  David  (1), 

124. 
Rumph,  David,  son  of  Jacob  (1), 

188. 
Rumph,    Elizabeth,    daughter  of 

David  (1),  59,  120. 
Rumph,  Jacob  (1),  105,  110,  124-6, 

130,  133,  137,  148,  150-51,  157, 162, 

170,  184,  188,  190,  201,  218,  226, 

237. 
Rumph,  Jacob,  son  of  Jacob  (1), 

133,  471-86. 
Rumph,  Mary,  wife  of  David  (1), 

124  (Ann),  *125,  130,  146,  168. 
Rumph,  Mary,  daughter  of  David 

(1),  130. 
Rumph,  Sarah,  146. 
Rumph,  Susannah,  170. 
Rumph's  company  roll,  473-4. 
Runtgenauer,  David,  30,  138,  199. 
Rupp,  Adam,  184. 
Rupp,  Anna  Barbara,  184. 
Rupp,  Eva  Catharina,  184. 
Rush,  Mary,  120. 
Russell,  Ann,  63,  158,  162,  169. 
Russell,   ("apt.   Charles,   20,  22-3, 

232,  246. 


Russell,  Charles (2),  63, 113, 117-18, 
121,  130,  133,  158,  162,  169. 

Russell,  Charles  (3),  158. 

Russell,  Eugenia,  23,  119,  128,  130, 
147,  153,  368. 

Russell,  Hans  George,  142,  160. 

Russell,  John,  113,  128,  131,  169, 
185. 

Russell,  Joseph,  94,  162,  172. 

Russell,  Margaret,  94. 

Russell,  Mary,  23,  63,  68,  113,  121, 
123-4,  126,  132,  198,  246. 

Russell,  Mary  Margaret,  142. 

Russell,  Rosina,  142,  160. 

Russell,  Salome,  160. 

Russell,  Sophinisba,  23,  113,  121. 

Rutledge,  John,  490-500. 

Ryan,  Capt.  James,  529. 

Sabb,  Ann,  184. 

Sabb,  Deborah,  154,  184. 

Sabb,  Thomas,  8,  226. ' 

Sabb,  William,  154,  184,  193,  226, 
249. 

Salley,  Mrs.  A.  S.,  Sr.,  68. 

Salley,  Anne,  138. 

Salley,  Ann  Elizabeth.  168. 

Salley  (Zaley,  Sally),  Henry,  Sr., 
28,  184,  246. 

Salley,  Henry,  Jr.,  110,  135,  138, 
154,  172,  184,  211. 

Salley,  John,  Sr.,  29,  168,  218,  221, 
489-90,  583. 

Salley,  John,  Jr.,  29. 

Salley,  Magdalene,  138,  158,  211. 

Salley,  Margaret,  158. 

Salley,  Martin,  137-8,  154,  168,  182. 

Salley  (Sahly),  Mary  (Ann  Ma- 
ria), 96,  109. 

Salley,  N.,  184. 

Salley,  Robert,  508. 

Salley,  Sarah,  182. 

Salley,  Susannah,  168,  182. 

Sandel  (Sondel),   Catharina  Mar- 
garet, 188. 

Sandel,  Elizabeth,  179. 

Sandel,  George  Henry,  156. 


INDEX 


565 


Sandel,  John  Peter,  156,  161. 
Sandel,  Magdalene,  151,  156,  161, 

179,  188. 
Sandel,  Peter,  151,  179,  187-8. 
Sanger  (Zangin,  Zangerin),  Bar- 
bara (Ann  Barbara),  98, 102, 107. 
Sanger,  Simon,  94,  97,  98. 
Santee  Jack,  40. 
Savage,  John,  248,  258,  265. 
Sajior,  Jacob,  275-6. 
Schmidt,    Peter,  81,  87,  239,  242, 

244-5. 
Schwartz,  Christian,  96-7,  114, 
Scluvartz,  Elizabeth,  114. 
Schwartz,  Joseph,  97. 
Schwartz,  Mary,  96,  108. 
Schwartz,  Susannah,  97,  109. 
Schwerdt,  Joseph  Abraham,  98, 

109. 
Scytes,  Archibald,  190. 
Scytes,  Charles,  190. 
Scytes,  Henry,  189. 
Scytes,  James,  189. 
Scytes,  Lucy,  190. 
Scytes,  Mary,  189. 
Scytes,  William,  189. 
Seawright,  Esther,  140. 
Seawright,  Robert,  112. 
Seawright,  William,  140,  213,  226, 

249. 
Sellider,  Capt.  Daniel,  234. 
Shalling,  Elizabeth,  71. 
Shalling,  John,  71. 
Shannon,  Abigail,  96,  109. 
Shannon,   Corporal   Daniel,    187, 

463. 
Shaumloffel,  Anna  Margaret,  97, 

107. 
Shaumloffel,  Anna  Maria,  157. 
Shaumloflfel,  John,  94,   115,   127, 

183,  207. 
ShaumloflTel,  Lovisia,  107. 
Shaumloftel,  Mary  Elizabeth,  102, 

107. 
Shaw,  Ann,  110. 
Shilling,  Anna,  172. 


Shilling,  Ann  Margaret,  166,  172, 

189. 
Shilling,  John,  150. 
Shilling,   John   Henry   (Henry), 

117,  188,  140,  154,  166,  172,  189. 
Shilling,  John  Jacob,  189. 
Shindler,  Rev.  R.  D.,  68. 
Shlappy,  Hans  George,  109. 
Shoemaker,  Dorothy,  134,  170. 
Shoemaker,  Frederick  Purly,  211. 
Shoemaker,  Margaret,  142. 
Shoemaker,  Margaret  Catharina, 

142. 
Shoemaker,   Valentine,   134,   142, 

170. 
Shoeman,  Anna  Barbara,  180. 
Shoeman,  Barbara,  180. 
Shoeman,  Peter,  178-80. 
Shoolegre,  Anne,  170. 
Shoolegre,  James,  170. 
Shoolegre,  John  James,  170. 
Shroder,  Christina  Dorothea,  146. 
Shroder,  Dorothea,  146. 
Shroder,  John  Frederick,  146. 
Shuler,  Ann  Elizabetli,  107. 
Shuler,  Ann  Margaret,  127,  149. 
Shuler,  Appollonia,  106. 
Shuler,  Catharina,  married  Jacob 

Wannamaker,  96  (Susan),  107. 
Shuler,   Catharina,    daughter    of 

John  Nicholas,  154. 
Shuler,  Catharine,  wife  of  Hans 

George,  Sr.,  135. 
Shuler,  Catharina  Margaret,  97, 

108. 
Shuler,  Daniel,  186,  190. 
Shuler,  Daniel,  son  of  John  Nich- 
olas, 186. 
Shuler,  Eve  Catherine,  107. 
Shuler,  George,  127,  149,  161,  214. 
Shuler,  Hans  George,  Sr.,  127, 135. 
Shuler,  John  Frederick,  141. 
Shuler,  John  Henry,  171. 
Shuler,  John  Nicholas,  115,  151, 

154,  171,  186. 


566 


INDEX 


Shuler,  Margaret,  107. 
Shuler,  Margaret  Barbara,  lOS. 
Shuler,    Nicholas,    102,    113,    122, 

130,  183,  141,  146,  187,  237. 
Shuler,  N.,  109. 
Shuler,  Susannah,  96,  108. 
Shuler,  Verena,  133,  141,  151,  154, 

171,  186-7, 
Siddal    (Siceceals),    William,    99, 

101. 
Simnis,   Wni.   Gilmore,    33,   233, 

382. 
Simms,  Mrs.  Win.  Gilmore,  32. 
Simmons,   Ann   Catharina,    139, 

189,  193. 
Simmons,  John,  107,  139,  161. 
Simons,  Col.  Maurice,  493. 
Sims,  William,  191. 
Sistrunk  (Serstrunk),  Henry,  33. 
Smid,  Fullix,  79. 
Smith,  Anna,  186. 
Smith,  Ann  Margaret,  142. 
Smith,  Ann  Mary,  142. 
Smith,  Brigitta,  117,  140,  144. 
Smith,  Jno.  Carraway,  386,  459-60, 

465. 
Smith,  Melchior,  151, 167, 175,  230. 
Smith,  Michael,  142,  151. 
Smith,  Stephen,  276. 
Smith,  William,  96,  109. 
Smitzer,  Mary  Elizabeth,  117. 
Snell  (Schneil),  Adam,  104,  109, 

119,  124,  129,  131,   136,   149,   153, 

155,  163,  169,   176,  178,   188,  204, 

210,  258,  269,  272. 
Snell,  Anna  Catharina,  176. 
Snell,  Ann  Barbara,  214. 
Snell,  Ann  Margaret,  148-9,  200. 
Snell,  Barbara,  104,  136,  149,  201. 
Snell,  Barnard,  109,  115,  129,  136, 

153,  1 73,  226. 
Snell,  Catharina  Magdalene,  104. 
Snell,  Catharine,  168,  176,  207. 
Snell,  Catherine  (2),  168. 
Snell,  Christian,  136. 
Snell,  Elias,  30,  94,  97,  109,   125, 


131,  134,  139,  148-9,  153,  163,  165, 

173,  200,  208. 
Snell,  Elizabeth,  124,  153,  210. 
Snell,  Elizabeth  Barbara,  139. 
Snell,  Henry,  94-5,  99,   101,   104, 

117,  119,  126,   149,  168,   176,  201, 

207. 
Snell,   Henry,  Jr.,   117,   146,    149, 

155,  168,  176,  187. 
Snell,  Jacob,  son  of  Adam,  188. 
Snell,  Johannes,  104. 
Snell,   Johannes,   son   of  Adam, 

131. 
Snell,  .lohn,  163. 
Snell,  John  Adam,  149. 
Snell,  John  Frederick,  187. 
Snell,  John  Peter,  155. 
Snell,  Juliana,  146,  149,   155,  168, 

176,  187. 
Snell,  Magdalene,  169,  173. 
Snell,  Margaret,  104,  124,  129,  131, 

149,  155,  169,  176,  178,  188,  204. 
Snell,  Margaret  (2),  129. 
Snell,  Maria  Magdaleiia,  215. 
Snell,  Mary  Catharina,  131,  134, 

139,  148-9,  163,  165,  173,  200. 
Snell,  Sarah,  178. 
Snell,   Susannah  Elizabeth,   129, 

136,  153,  173. 
Snellgrove,  Edward  Freeman,  99, 

101. 
N Snellgrove,    Freeman,    99,    100-1, 

114,  122. 
Snellgrove,  N.,  109. 
Snelling,  Henry,  123,  150. 
Snelling,  Sirrah,  122-3,  150. 
Snyder  (Shnyder,  Sknyder,  Shy- 
der),    Ann   Margaret,   153,   163, 
189. 
Snyder,  Daniel,  110,  145. 
Snyder,  Elizabeth,  145. 
Snyder,  John,  145. 
Snyder,  Mary  Barbara,  11"\ 
Snyder,  Mary  Margaret,  135,  149, 

213. 
Snyder,  Michael,  237. 


INDEX 


567 


Souderecker,  Elizabeth,  98,  109. 
Souderecker,  John,  97. 
Spencer,  Edward,  66. 
Spring,  Bartholonie,  102. 
Spring,  Hans,  225. 
Spring,  Johannes,  95,  201. 
Spring,  Magdalena,  95,  99,  108. 
Spring,  Margaret,  wife  of  Bartho- 

lome,  102. 
Spring,  Margaret,  wife  of  John 

201. 
Spurloek,  Benjamin,  117. 
Stack,  Anthony,  79. 
Starley,  John,  218. 
Stauber,  Jacob,  30,  112,  194,  214. 
Staley  (Stehely),  Cliristopher,  114. 
Staley,  Elizabeth,  115. 
Staley,  John,  170,  178,  186,  190. 
Staley,  Maria,  125. 
Staley,    Mary,    widow,    142,    154, 

214. 
Staley,    Mary,     married     Caspar 

0th,  115,  214. 
Staley,  Peter,  172-3. 
Starke,  Robert,  468.     ' 
Stean,  Chris,  97. 
Stent,  William,  253. 
Stephen,  Margaret,  116. 
Sterling,  Henry,  18,  34,  39. 
Stetzel,  George,  98. 
Stetzel,  Johannes,  98. 
Stetzel,  Maria  Linden,  98. 
Steventir,  Ebenbard,  218. 
Stewart,  Ann,  155. 
Stewart,  John,  225. 
Stewart,  Robert,  155. 
St.  Jolm's  fort,  232. 
Stoudenmeyer,  Anna,  131. 
Stoudenmeyer,  Maria  Catharina, 

131. 
Stoudenmeyer,  Martin,  131. 
Stroman     (Strowmann,     Strow- 
man,  Straumann),  Anna  Mar- 
garet, 102,  130,  204. 
Stroman,  Anna  Margaret  (2),  183. 
Stroman,  Barbara,  94,  102. 


Stroman,  Catharina,  99,  106,  126, 

144,  148,  165,  195. 
Stroman,  Catharina  (2),  126. 
Stroman,  Eva  Catharina,  183. 
Stroman,  Hans  Henry,  99. 
Stroman,  Hans  Jacob,  195. 
Stroman,  Henry,  97-9,  106-7,  112, 

126, 144, 148,  165,  195,  199,  214-15. 
Stroman,   Jacob,  son   of  Henry, 

165. 
Stroman,  John  Jacob  (1),  97-8, 101, 

107,  121,  130,  183,  204. 
Stronjan,  John,  148,  473. 
Stroman,    Maria   Elizabeth,    101, 

176,  187,  215. 
Stroman,  Paul,  473,  482,  485. 
Strother,  Catharina,  155,  179. 
Strother,  Catharine  (1),  191. 
Strother,  Catharine  (2),  191. 
Strother,  Charles,  174. 
Strother,  George,  248,  265. 
Strother,  Jeremiah,  155,  179. 
Strother,  Joseph,  155. 
Strother,  Moses,  179. 
Strother,  William,  191. 
Stroul,  George,  271. 
Strubel,  Elizabeth,  164. 
Strubel,  Frederick,  164,  171. 
Strubel,  Mary  Catharina,  164. 
Strutzenecker,  John,  28. 
Sturkie  (Stareky,  Stereky),  Anna, 

187. 
Sturkie,  Ann,  142. 
Sturkie,  Anne,  wife  of  John  Cas- 
par, 164. 
Sturkie,  Elizabeth,  142,  151,  198, 

204. 
Sturkie,  Henry,  142,  151,  156,  198, 

203-4. 
Sturkie,  Henry  (2),  198. 
Sturkie,  John,  187. 
Sturkie,  John  Caspar,  160,  164. 
Sturkie,  Margaret,  136,  187. 
Sturkie,  Ulrick,  136,  160,  187. 
Sturkie,  Ulrick,  Jr.,  151. 
Sturkie,  Ulrick,  son  of  Henry,  151. 


568 


INDEX 


Sullivan,  John,  109,  124,  188. 

Sullivan,  Mary  (2),  138. 

Sullivant,  Margaret,  124. 

Sullivant,  Mary,  124,  138. 

Sumter,  Gen.  Thomas,  510,  514-16, 
518,  525. 

Suther,  Elizabeth,  135-8,  141,  149, 
156,  162,  191. 

Suther,  Elizabeth  (2),  191. 

Suther,  Jacob,  162. 

Suther,  Johann  Henry,  135. 

Suther,  Samuel,  113,  117-18,  120, 
129, 131, 133,  135-8, 141, 149, 155-6, 
160-62,  190-91. 

Switman,  John,  218. 

Switman,  Richard,  218. 

Syfrett  (Srefret,  Sigfritt),  Marga- 
ret, 136,  140. 

Syfrett,  Mary  Ann,  140. 

Syfrett,  Mary  Margaret,  140. 

Syfrett,  Matthew,  136,  140. 

Symkins,  Arthur,  249,  265. 

Taggart,  Lieut.  William,  387,  457, 
460. 

Tapp,  Ann  Barbara,  108. 

Tapp,  Anna  Magdalena,  170. 

Tapp,  Christian,  95. 

Tapp,  John  Julius,  95,  101,  108. 

Tash,  Barbara  (1),  137. 

Tash,  Barbara  (2),  137. 

Tash,  William,  137. 

Tate,  Alexander,  148,  172. 

Tate,  Elizabeth,  123. 

Tate,  Isabel,  148,  172. 

Tate,  Margaret,  148. 

Taylor,  Anne,  174. 

Taylor,  Elizabeth,  170. 

Taylor,  James,  117,  170. 

Taylor,  Rev.  J.  W.,  66,  68. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  67. 

Taylor,  John,  174. 

Teat,  Ellas,  100. 

Tennison,  Alexander,  163. 

Tennison,  John,  163. 

Tennison,  Judith,  163. 

Theiler,  Elizabeth,  175. 


Theiler,  Rudolph,  175. 

Themboro,  Elizabeth,  179. 

Themboro,  Swen,  179. 

Theus,  (."apt.,  420. 

Theus,  Rev.  Christian,  74,  80-83, 

S5-7,  109,  244. 
Theus,  Simon,  116-17. 
Thieren,  Jacob,  99. 
Thomas,  John,  174,  251. 
Thomson,  Charlotte,  380. 
Thomson,  Eugenia,   162,  169,  172, 

380. 
Thomson,  Eugenia  (2),  162. 
Thomson,  James,  248-9. 
Thomson,  Jane,  176,  185. 
Thomson,  John,  176,  180,  182,  251. 
Thomson,  Mary,  daughter  of  Col. 

William,  172. 
Thomson,  Mary,  wife  of  William, 

176. 
Thomson,  Moses  (Colonel),  4,  23, 

63,  115,  117, 125,  137,  147, 155, 168, 

176,  183,  185,  192,  215,  227,  232, 

236-7,  246-8. 
Thomson,  Moses,  Jr.,  162,  185, 
Thomson,  Rebecca,  128,  137. 
Thomson,  Sarah,  176,  180,  192. 
Thomson,  Sarah  (2),  176. 
Thomson,  William,  176. 
Thomson,  William  (Colonel),  4, 

8,  12,  23, 114-15, 119,  128,  132,  137, 

153,  162,  169,  172,  185,  218,  227, 

229,  232,  237,  247-8,  250-52,  254-5, 

257-8,  265,  276,  278-465,  468. 
Thomson,  William  Russell,  376, 

387,  459,  472. 
Thore,  Frederick,  168. 
Thornton,  Elizabeth,  166, 171, 172. 
Thornton,  Joseph,  168,  171-2. 
Thwartz,  Christian,  107. 
Thys,  Cornelius,  181. 
Tilly,  Elizabeth,  178,  182,  186. 
Tilly,  George,  161. 
Tilly,  James,  Sr.,  117, 119, 121,  135, 

152,  161,  166,  196,  199,  233. 
Tilly,  James,  Jr.,  119. 


INDEX 


569 


Tilly,  Joseph,  121. 

Tilly,  Market,  121,  135,  161,  ]!)6. 

Tilly,  Susannah,  182. 

Tilly,  William,  185. 

Tittily,  Mary  Elizabeth,  144. 

Tittily,  Rosina,  130. 

Tittleby,  John  (1),  12«,  130,  144, 

147.  " 
Tittleby,  John  (2),  126. 
Tittleby,   Regania,   126,   130,   134, 

144.  * 
Tomnien,  Veronica,  106. 
Ton  del,  John,  143. 
Tondel,  John  Peter,  143. 
Tondel,  Magdalene,  143. 
Toonier,  Jacob,  149. 
Treadwell,  Mrs.  M.  B.,  91. 
Tshudy  (now  Judy),  Anna,  lOS, 

115.' 
Tshudy,  Anna,  daughter  of  Jacob, 

190. 
Tshudy,  Dorothy,  175,  190. 
Tshudy,  Elizabeth,  123. 
Tshudy,  Jacob,  139,  157,  175,  190. 
Tshudy,  Margaret,  175. 
Tshudy,  Martin,  115. 
Tshudy,    Mary    Catharina,    175, 

177.  . 
Tshudy,  Mary,  215. 
Tucker,  William,  230,  249,  157-8, 

26.5. 
Turkey  Hill,  38. 
Turquand,    Rev.    Paul,    62-4,   68, 

257-8,  260. 
Twiddie,  Elizabeth,  163,  169,  192. 
Twiddle,  Robert,  163,  169,  192. 
Twyther,  Jacob,  28. 
Tyner,  Ann  Margaret,  167. 
Tyrrel,  Major,  468. 
Ulmer,  Anne  Mary,  119,  127,  133, 

141,  144,  148. 
Ulmer,  Barbara,  215. 
Ulmer,  Eva  Maria,  127. 
Ulmer,  Frederick,  141,  183. 
Ulmer,  George  Adam,  146. 
Ulmer,  Hans,  168. 


Ulmer,  John  Frederick,  115,  146, 

148,  155,  162,  178,  213. 
Ulmer,  John  Ja(H)b,  178. 
Ulmer,  John  Lewis,  213. 
Ulmer,  Lewis,  178. 
Ulmer,   Mary  Barbara,   146,  162, 

178. 
Ulmer,  Mary  Catharina,  144. 
Ulmer,  Mary  Magdalene,  162. 
Ulmer,  Verena  Maria,  133. 
Ulmer,  Warner,  119,  127,  133,  144, 

213. 
Ulrick,  Anna  ('atharina,  146. 
Ulrick,  Catharina,  146,  161. 
Ulrick,  George,  146,  161,  188,211, 
Ulrick,  Nicholas,  161. 
Ulrick,  Susannah  Barbara,  188. 
Usman,  Hans  George,  161. 
Usman,  Magdalene,  161. 
Usman,  Mary  Catharina,  161. 
Utsey  (Yutsey,  Jutsig),  Conrad, 

113,  117,  153,  163,  190. 
Utsey,  Daniel,  180. 
Utsey,  Elizabeth,  153. 
Utsey,  Magdalene,  153,  163,  190. 
Utsey,  Margaret,  109. 
Utsey,  Mary  Regina  Philippina, 

122,  206. 
Utsey,  Regina,  99,  101,  105. 
Utsey,  Valentine,  112-13,  176,  206. 
Vance,  Elizabeth,  148,  180. 
Vance,  George,  137. 
Vance,  Moses,  387,  414,  419,  420. 
Vance,  Sarah,  137. 
Vance,  William,  137. 
Vardel,  Sergeant,  527-8. 
Volckart,  Agnes,  185. 
Volckart,  Esther,  185. 
Volckart,  Henry,  185. 
Waber,  Anna  Maria,  146,  164. 
Waber,  Catharina,  183,  192. 
Waber,  Elizabeth,  146,  157,   161, 

163-4,  171,  183. 
Waber,  Elizabeth  Barbara, 

daughter  of  John,  171. 


570 


INDEX 


Wiiber,  Elizabeth  Barbara, 

da  ug:hter  of  George,  183. 
Waber,  George,  or  Hans  George, 

183,  192. 
Waber,  Hannah,  164. 
Waber,  John,  146,  155,  157,  160-1, 

163-4,  171. 
Waber,  Maria   Barbara,    wife  of 

Nicholas,  Jr.,  164,  171,  183,  192. 
Waber,  Maria  Barbara,  daughter 

of  George,  192. 
Waber,  Mary  Catharina,  157. 
Waber,  Mary  Elizabeth,  146. 
Waber,  Nicholas,  Sr.,  146,  164. 
Waber,    Nicholas,   Jr.,   146,   164, 

171,  183,  192. 
Wagner,  Philip,  188. 
Walling,  Mary,  155. 
Walling,  Robert,  155. 
Walling,  William,  155. 
Wannanuiker,  Anna,  170,  192. 
Wannaniaker,  Anna  (2),  192. 
Wannaniaker,  Anne,  185,  212. 
Wannaniaker,    (ktherine    (Ann 

Catharine),  104,  135,  176,  212. 
Wannaniaker,  Henry  (1),  son  of 

Jacob  and  Catharine,  104. 
Wannaniaker,  Henry  (2),  son  of 

Jacob  and  Anna,  170. 
Wannaniaker,  Jncob  (1 ),  96-7, 101, 

104,  107,  135,  170,  176,  192,  212. 
Wannaniaker,  Jacob  (2),  471,  479. 
Wannamaker,  Mary  Magdalene, 

176,  212. 
Wannamaker,  William,  101,  192. 
Warley,  Capt.  Felix,  353,  386,  456. 
Warley,  Capt.  James,  or  Joseph, 

386,  459. 
Warnedow,  Anna,  178, 
Warnedow,  John,  103. 
Warnedow,  Leonard  (1),  103,  108, 

125,  131,  148,  164,  178. 
Warnedow,  Leonard  (2),  125. 
Warnedow,  Sarah,  108,  125,  181, 

148,  164,  178. 


Warnedow,    Sarah,    daughter  of 
Leonard,  131. 

Warnedow,  Thomas,  164. 

Warner,  Magdalene,  117,  124,  129, 
183. 

Warren,  Elizabeth,  110. 

Waters,  Philemon,  275,  277. 

Watson,  Jane,  183. 

Watson,  Mary,  183. 

Watson,  Capt.  Micliael,  484,  527-8. 

Watson,  Nathaniel,  188. 

Weanright,  William,  110. 

Weber  heresy,  86,  238. 

Weber,  Jacob,  81 ,  87,  238-40,  243-5. 

Wechter,  George,  112. 

Wechter,  Magdalene,  112. 

Wedlin,  Anne  Mary,  116, 

Weekly,  Elizabeth,'  112,  125. 

Weekly,  Thomas,  100,  125, 

Weekly,  William,  100, 

Weigne,  Anna,  215. 

Whetstone,  Adam,  217, 

Whetstone,  Anna,  99,  100-1,  145. 

Whetstone,  Anne  Margaret,  161. 

WHietstone,  Barbara.  142,  145. 

W^hetstone,  Dorothea,  103. 

Whetstone,  Eleanor,  128. 

Whetstone,  Henry,  118, 121, 127-8, 
142,  145,  218,  287,  269,  272. 

Whetstone,  Johannes,  98-9,  100-1, 
228,  145,  210. 

Whetstone,  John,  Jr.,  88,  99-100, 
210. 

Whetstone,  Margaret,  98. 

Whideman  (Wideman),  Anna, 
151,  161,  168,  175,  177,  191, 

Whideman,  Jacob  (1),  142,  14,5, 
149,  151,  161,  168,  175,  177,  191. 

Whideman,  Jacob  (2),  161. 

Whideman,  Johannes,  191. 

Wiiisenhunt  (Yssenhut),  Abra- 
ham, 105, 124-5, 127, 138, 136, 143, 
151,  169-70,  173,  177,  184. 

Whisenhunt,   Abraham  (2),  105. 

Whisenhunt,  Ann,  107. 

Whisenhunt,  Isaac,  136. 


INDEX 


571 


Whisenhunt,  Jacob,  136. 
Whisenhunt,  Johannes,  124. 
Whisenhunt,  John,  169. 
Whisenliunt,  Maria,  151. 
Whisenhunt,  Mary,  105,  124,  136, 

143,  151,  169,  173,  177,  184. 
White,  Bryan,  168. 
White,  Katherine,  168. 
White,  Katherine  (2),  168. 
Whiteford  ( Whitford),  Mary,  123- 

4,  126,  133,  138,  145, 148,  1-5, 163, 

173. 
Whiteford,  Rachel,  116. 
Wliiteford     (Whitford),    Robert^ 

96,  125-6,  133,  138,  145,  148. 
Wliitnian,    (Jatharina     Barbara, 

144,  199. 

Whitman,  Mary  Ann,  144,  161. 

Whitman,  Mary  Catharina,  161. 

Whitman,  Stephen,  144,  161,  199. 

Whitten,  Robert,  4,  8. 

Wild,  Thomas,  11. 

Williams,  Britton,  276,  508. 

Williams,  Hannah,  110. 

Willis,  Adam,  172. 

Willis,  John,  139. 

Willis,  Regina,  wife  of  Adam,  172. 

Willis,  Regina,  wife  of  John,  139. 

Windlee,  Ann  Margaret,  146-7. 

Windlee,  David  Frederick,  146. 

Windlee,  John,  146. 

Winigum,  Amy,  169. 

Wise,  Christopher,  229. 

Witham,  Solomon,  110. 

Witt,  John  Adam,  152. 

WMtt,  Regina,  152. 

Wolfe  (Woolf,  Wolfi;  Wolf),  Ann, 

103,  132,  134,  196. 
Wolfe,  Ann  Apollonia,  122,  132, 

141,  152,  169,  187,  212,  214. 
Wolfe,  Ann  Apollonia  (2),  122. 
Wolfe,  Elizabeth,    128,    149,   202, 

212. 
Wolfe,  Hannah,  149,  156,  15S. 
Wolfe,  Jacob,  Sr.,  96,  106, 122,  132, 

134,  141,  152,  169,  187,  189,  227. 


Wolfe,  Jacob,  Jr.,  11. 

Wolfe,  Jacob,  son  of  John,  149, 

202. 
Wolfe,   Johannes,    114,    128,    149, 

162,  176,  202,  212. 
Wolfe,  John  (of  Saxe-Gotha 

Township),  79. 
Wolfe,   John    (of   Orangeburgh), 

103,  126,  151,  166,  169,  174,  196. 
Wolfe,  John  Lewis,  100  (Lucy), 

186. 
Wolfe,  Lucas,  98,  105,  129. 
Wolfe,  Mary  Elizabeth,  132. 
Wolfe,  Nessa,  95. 
Wolfe,  Peter,  128,  202. 
Wolfe,  Regina,  187.  212. 
Wolfe,  Samuel,  169. 
Wolfe,  Sertina,  100. 
Wolfe,  Thomas,  103. 
Wolfe,  Zibilla,  30,  208,  214. 
Wood,  Benjamin,  151. 
Wood,  George  Riggs,  172. 
Wood,  Jonathan  Riggs,  160. 
Wood,  Jonathan,  163. 
Wood,  John,  105. 
Wood,  Joseph,  120,  138,  151,  163, 

182,  217. 
Wood,  Joseph  (2),  138. 
Wood,  Martha,  138,  151,  163,  182. 
Wood,  Mary,  171-2. 
Wood,  Olivia.  110. 
Wood,  Peter,  160,  171-2. 
Wood,  Solomon,  218. 
Wright,  Samuel,  98. 
Wurtz  (Wuester,  Wurtzer,  Wart- 

zer),  Henry,  28,  30,  96-7,  100-3, 

106, 114-15,  119, 120, 136,  144,  158, 

162,  185,  206,  210. 
Wurtz,  Verena,  103-4, 136,  144, 162, 

185,  214. 
Wylde,  J.,  275. 
Wymer,  Anne,  165,  203,  208. 
Wymer,  Anne  Margaret,  165,  203. 
Wymer,  Jacob,  165,  187,  203. 
Wymer,  John  Jacob,  120,  208. 
Ygly,  Barbara.  157. 


572 


INDEX 


Ygly,  Catluirinn,  107. 

Yonii,  Anna,  lcS2. 

Yonn,  Anna  Barbara,  209. 

Yonn,  ('hristina,  138, 166, 168,  184, 

189,  209. 
Yonn,  Nicholas,  138,  168,  168,  178, 

184,  186,  189,  209. 
Yonn,  Nicliolas  (2),  209. 
Yonn,  Simon,  175,  190. 
Yonn,  Snsannah,  135,  157. 
Yorli,  Agnesia  W.,  103. 
York,  Christian,  97,  108. 
York,  Lewis,  97,  103. 
Young,  Anna  Barbara,  215. 
Young,  Ann,  153,  166,  186, 
Young,  Henry,  117,  153,  166,  186, 

230,  271. 
Young,  Henry  (2),  166. 
Young,  Mary,  140,  166. 
Young,  Mary  (2),  166. 
Young,  Rebecca,  94,  153. 
Young,  Sirrah,  113. 
Young,  Thomas,  186,  249,  265. 
Young,   William,  8,  30,  94,   113, 


114,  140,  166. 
Young,  William  (2),  140. 
Zahn,  Christopher,  258,  275-6. 
Zauberbuhler,  Bartholomew,  36, 

37,  50-1,  54-6,  58-9. 
Zeigler,  Angelia,  116. 
Zeigler,  Anne  Mary,  142,  146,  155, 

157,  173,  188,  199. 
Zeigler,  Bernard,  116, 138,  142, 146, 

155,  157,  173,  178,  188,  19.3,  199. 
Zeigler,  Eva  Catharina,  188. 
Zeigler,  Hans  Caspar,  173. 
Zeigler,  John  Jacob,  157. 
Zeigler,  Zibilla,  142,  199. 
ZellM'egerin,  Rosina,  110. 
Zinnnerman,  Martin,  184. 
Zorn,  Anne  Katharine,  180. 
Zorn,  ('atharina,  107. 
Zorn,  Henry,  177,  180,  184,  193. 
Zorn,  Magdalene,  114. 
Zorn,  Nicholas,  161,  177,  180. 
Zorn,    Susannah    Elizabeth,   177, 

180. 
Zubly,  Rev.  Dr.,  46. 


(now  in  press.) 


Songs  as  They  Came. 


BY 


JAMES  EDWIN   KERR 


CLOTH,  PRICE  $1.00. 


R.  Lewis  Berry,  Orangeburg,  S.  C. 


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