Full text of "History of Orange County, California : with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the county who have been identified with its earliest growth and development from the early days to the present"

H;^ Wl#jr

©ENEALOGY COLLECTIOry

HISTORY OF

Orange County

( ALIIORXIA

WITH

Biographical Sketches

The Leading' Men and Women of the County Who

have been Identified with its Growth and

Development from the Earlii

Dans to the Present

HISTORY BY
SAMUEL ARMOR

ILLISTRATKL)
COMPLETE IN ONE VOIJME

HISTORIC RECORD COMPANY

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNLX
1921

1135639

y^~a^pt.(.i^ <^^~7^^^r^—

PREFACE

It was with great reluctance that we undertook the revision of the History
of Orange County, which we helped to compile ten years ago, not because we
believed in Oslerisni or wished to enjoy our otium cum dignitate, but because of
the magnitude of the undertaking and of our lack of special preparation, not
having anticipated a recall to the work of writing history.

However, with the help of expert writers on special subjects, and from the
Federal crop estimator, the state board of horticulture, the county and city officers,
the secretaries of boards of trade, chambers of commerce, fruit exchanges and
vegetable unions, patriotic and relief associations, the newspapers — especially the
Santa Ana Register — and all other available sources of information, we have
collected a large array of authentic facts about the county, its people, productions
and resources. To all who have assisted in furnishing the data for this work
we return our sincere thanks.

Since a county history can have but a limited sale and the initial expense of
its preparation is just as great for a few hundred copies as for many thousand, it
stands to reason that the price per copy for a small edition must be greater than
that for a large one. This condition, coupled with the increased size of the book
and the present high cost of labor and material, is a sufficient justification for the
price charged for the second volume of the county history. To avoid loss through
unsold copies, this book, like all works of similar character, is sold by subscription
and only enough copies are printed to supply each subscriber with the number
ordered by him. As a further consideration for the purchase price, a brief biog-
raphy of each subscriber, who thus patriotically supports a history of his county,
is published without extra charge. These biographical sketches are prepared bv
trained canvassers and writers of long experience in this kind of work, and add
much value to the history in giving personal incidents, otherwise unavailable, and
in showing to future generations something of the character of the pioneers who
■laid the foundations upon which the superstructure of this county was built.

As citizens of this favored county, we should forget our few privations and
trifling discomforts and remember our many privileges and great blessings. For
instance, when the mercury hovers round the freezing point, we should not
worry over the possibility of some small loss from light frosts that occasionallv
nip the tenderest plants : but we should extend our sympathy to less favored
sections of the country, where the thermometer goes as many degrees below zero
as it stops here above in our coldest weather. Again, when the winter rains are
slow in coming, don't let us fret about a dry year, remembering that, in the
wettest winter within the last half century, the rains commenced January 28.
1884, and that since then a good rainy reason has occasionally begim even later
in the year; also that the county passed through three dry years in succession,
from 1897 to 1900, with comparatively little loss, and it is better equipped now
with irrigating ditches and pumping plants than it was then. Furthermore, few
of the present residents of the county remember the apprehension that was felt
over the growing scarcity of fuel twenty-five or more years ago. when most of
the available timber w.is stripped from the nearby mountains and coal was shipped
in from Australia and New Mexico. However, before much loss was suffered,
oil was discovered in the county about the year 1896, and from a small beginning
the production of oil, gasoline and natural gas has become the largest asset of
the county and exceeds that of the entire state of Pennsj'lvania at the present

time. ImniccliatL-ly following the discovery of oil in the comity, electricity began
to be applied to furnishing light, heat and power ; and now practically all the busi-
ness houses and residences, in and about the cities and towns of Orange County,
are provided with electricity, gas and oil for light, heat and power; with sewers
for carrying off the waste matter and with water for all purposes.

In short, the more familiar do we become with the vast resources and diversi-
fied products of this county, with the wise enterprise and good behavior of its
citizens, the less do we find to criticise and the more to praise and rejoice over.
Let us, therefore, one and all, appropriate and apply to our goodly heritage the
advice of the Psalmist to the sons of Korah, in commending "the ornaments and
privileges of the church," as follows:

"Walk about Zion, and go round about her : tell the towers thereof. Mark
ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces ; that ye may tell it to the generation
following."

SAAIUEL ARMOR.

CONTENTS

CHAl'TER I

Formation of Oraxge County,

California created out of territory ceded to United States by Mexico.
Admission of state to Union. Formation of Counties. Orange County
set apart from Los Angeles County. Location of county seat. Election
of officers. Description and Boundaries of County. " Mountains and
hills adapted to grazing and bee culture. Valleys and plains represent
many soils. Original Spanish grants and their acreages. Subdivision
of many grants into small tracts. County capable of supporting
500,000 population. Nine incorporated cities.

CHAPTER II

Roster oi? County and District Oi-ficers 36

State Senators Thirty-ninth District. Assemblymen Seventy-sixth Dis-
trict. Superior Judges. Sheriff.- County Clerk. Recorder. Auditor.
Tax Collector. District .\ttorney. Treasurer. Assessor. School
Superintendent. Surveyor. Coroner and Public .Administrator. Boards
of Supervisors. Justices and Constables of the following townships:
Anaheim, Brea, Buena Park, Fullerton, Huntington Beach, Laguna
Beach. La Habra, Los .\lamitos. Newport Beach. Orange, Placentia,
San Juan, Santa Ana, Seal Beach, Stanton, Tustin, Westminster, Yorba.
Board of Education. Horticultural Commissioner. Trustees of Law
Library. Board of Forestry. County Physician. Veterinary Surgeon
and Stock Inspector. Bee Inspector. Custodian of County Park. Care-
taker of Westminster Public Park. Fire and Game Warden. County
Statistician. Highway Commissioner. Purchasing .\gent. Lecturer
and Publicity Agent. Superintendent of County Hospital and Farm.
Superintendent of Detention Home. Probation Officer. Sealer of
Weights and Measures. .\id Commissioner and Expert .Accountant.
Superintendent of Road Maintenance. Farm .\dvisor.

CHAPTER HI

Orange County's Water Supply .\nd Way Utilized 48

Direct and indirect benefits from rainfall, .\verage annual rainfall at
Orange. Other sources of water supply. .\rea of catchment basin of
Santa -Ana River. Anaheim LTnion Water Company. Santa Ana Valley
Irrigation Company. Santiago Creek. Serrano Water Company. John
T. Carpenter Water Company. Trabuco Creek. Coyote, Laguna and
.Aliso Creeks. Number of Pumping Plants and .Acres Irrigated.

CHAPTER I\^

The City oe -\naiii-:i.m

Oldest city in Orange County. Settled by Germans. Organization of
Los Angeles Vineyard Company. Naming of town. First house built
in 1857. I-'irst hotel erected in 1865. Fire visits the town. Waning of
grape industry and rise of walnut and orange culture. First newspaper.
.Anaheim Water Company. Bonds voted and sold for erection of school-
house. Southern Pacific Railroad builds branch to .Anaheim. Indus-
tries and assessed valuation of city. Churches of .Anaheim. City
officers.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER V

The City of Brea 57

Situation at mouth of Brea Canyon. Oil industry is principal asset.
Improvements made. Manufacturing industries. City officers.

CHAPTER \T

The City of Fullerton 57

Location and population. Origin of town, .\dvent of railroad. Be-
ginning of orange and walnut industry. Name of town. Growth of
town conservative from beginning. First substantial building erected.
Incorporated as city in 1904. Admirable location for shipping and
manufacturing. Proximity to oil fields advantageous. Warehouse
facilities. Industries other than fruit raising. Banks. Newspapers.
Churches. Public library. Schools. Fire department. Board of Trade.
Fraternal orders and clubs. City officers. Recent building operations.

CHAPTER VII
The City of Huxnttington Beach 60

Original name of settlement. The Huntington Beach Company. Union
Sunday School and Church organized. First church built. Others
follow. Bank organized. Various business enterprises. Organized
as city in 1909. Schools. Library. Beet sugar and other factories.
Pavements, sewers and gas systems. City officers. Chamlicr of
Commerce. Fraternal organizations. Municipal band.

CHAPTER Vm
The City of Newport Beach 63

Admirable location on Newport Bay. Unexcelled harbor facilities.
Bond issue voted to start harbor improvements. Yachting center of
Pacific Coast. Population and valuation. City officers. Churches and
organizations.

CHAPTER IX
The City of Orange ... 64

Location. "Father" of the town. Acreage of original townsite. Orig-
inally called Richland. First house in town. Courage of early settlers.
Their struggle with pests. Introduction of spraying and fumigating.
Irrigation difficulties. Schools established. Churches organized. Musi-
cal and literary societies. "Pull-together" spirit of citizens. Incorpo-
ration of city. Natural advantages of soil and climate. Excellent rail-
road facilities. City water system. Orange a business center. Sewer
system. Population. Schools. Churches. Fraternal organizations.
Library. City officers. Public utilities. Financial resources of Orange
district. Progress in building. City always free from saloons.

CHAPTER X

The City of Santa Ana 68

Struggles and achievements of its pioneers. "Father" of the town.
Other settlers attracted to location. First school district organized.
Postoffice secured. First hotel erected. First brick building. Southern
Pacific completes line to Santa .Ana. Rivalry between Santa Ana and
Anaheim. First bank and its failure. Confidence restored. Many busi-
ness blocks, residences and churches erected. Heaviest rainfall in city's
history and damage it caused. Agitation for incorporation as a city.
Period of the "boom." Firedepartment or.ganized. First street railway.
Prosperity visible on all sides. Santa Fe railroad built to Santa .\na.
Rise and fall of Fairview Development Company. Condition of Santa
Ana after boom was over. Newport Wharf and Lumber Company
organized. Organization of Board of Trade. Creation of Orange
County, with Santa Ana as county seat. Municipal water plant. Free
mail delivery. Erection of court house. .Abolition of saloons. Erection
of city hall. Huntington trolley system enters Santa .\na. General
growth and prosperity. Banks 'of Santa .\na. Pulilic lilirary. City
officers. Commercial progress. Manufacturing estalilishments. Churches
and their locations. Fraternal societies. Patriotic societies. Miscel-
laneous organizations. The press. Future of city.

C O X T H N T S
CHAPTER XI

The City of Seal Beach

Location. Promoted as beach resort under name of Bay City. Incorpo-
ration. Area and population. Sewer system being installed. Bonds
voted for municipal water plant. City officers. Beach is exceptionally
safe Jor bathers. Traffic facilities. Growth retarded by lack of housing-
facilities.

CHAPTER XII

The City of Stanton 82

Located in agricultural section of county. Origin of name. Incorpo-
ration of city. Assessed valuation and population. Transportation
facilities. City officers.

CHAPTER XIII

Unincorporated Towns 82

Arch Beach. Benedict. Berryfield. Cypress. Balboa. Bolsa. Brook-
hurst. Buena Park. Capistrano. San Juan Capistrano Mission. Celery.
Corona. Del Mar. Delhi. El Modena. El Toro. Eairview. Garden
Grove. Greenville. Harper, Irvine. Laguna Beach. La Habra. Los
Alamitos. Mateo. McPherson. Modjeska Mineral Springs. Olinda.
Olive. Peralta. Placentia. Richfield. San Juan-by-the-Sea or Scrra.
San Juan Hot Springs. Smeltzer. Sunset Beach. Talbert. Tustin,
Villa Park. Westminster. Wintersburg. Yorba. Yorba Linda.

CHAPTER XIV
Orange County's Schools •. 88

Elementary schools. High schools. Junior colleges. Number of
graduates. Public kindergartens. Private schools. Evidence of effi-
ciency. Notables among the graduates.

CHAPTER X\^
Public Buildings and Sites 95

First jail. Francisco Torres confined there. Site for county buildings
selected. Difficulties encountered in erecting new jail. Bonds voted for
building court house. Campaign of villification in adopting plans.
County detention home. County hospital and farm. Income from
county farm. Cottage, artificial lake and many other improvements
for county park. Contract let for beautifying county park. Alteration
made in court house. Memorial arch at county park. Garage for
county hospital. County garage at Santa .\na. Sheriff's office.

CHAPTER XVI
Pleasure Drives and Resorts 98

Part of San Joaquin ranch given by James Irvine for County Park.
Hewes Park. Sale of Hewes ranch. Santiago Golf Club. Orange
Gftunty Country Club. Lemon Heights. San .Juan Hot Springs.
Westminster Park. Birch Park at Santa .-Xna. The Plaza at Orange.
Secure options for park at .Anaheim. Fullerton's plans for parks. City
Park at Newport Beach. Camping ground in Trabuco Canyon. Mod-
jeska's Home and Inn. Camptonville in Santiago Canyon. Many
pleasure resorts along beach.

CHAPTER XVII
Orange County's Good Roads 102

Savage .Act. Associated Chambers of Commerce back movement for
good roads. Members i>! highway commission. Bond issue for paved
highways passed. Tabulated statement of paved roads in county. Work
of highway commissioners continued by board of supervisors. Con-
tracts for paving recently awarded. Bridges for state highway. V. S.
Forest Service to aid in building road in Trabuco Canyon. State High-
way along coast. Miles of paved streets in cities. Many miles of oiled
roads.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XVIII

The County's Traffic Facilities 106

Branches of two transcontinental railroads, electric interurban railway,
the Pacific Ocean and thousands of motor vehicles furnish unsurpassed
facilities. Southern Pacific the first railroad to enter county. Santa Fe
Railroad builds its road through to San Diego. Tustin branch of South-
ern Pacific built. Intense rivalry between roads. Southern Pacific
builds branch from Anaheim to Los .Mamitos Sugar Factory. Santa
Ana and Newport Railroad acquired by Southern Pacific. Pacific
Electric and its branches. Mileage and valuation of railway systems.
Easy access to water transportation. Traffic carried by motor vehicles.
Comparative table of motor vehicles in state and county.

CHAPTER XIX
Sundry Voluntary Organizations 110

Orange County Medical Association. Date of organization. First
meeting. Constitution and by-laws adopted. Officers elected. First
members of association. First annual meeting. Association entertains
Medical Society of Southern California. Sessions held in Carnegie
Library, Santa Ana. Medical library established. List of members.
Presidents of association. Officers and members, 1920._ The Orange
County Bar Association organization. First members. Now in flourish-
ing condition. Orange County Historial Society. Organization and
purpose. Orange County Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company.
Orange County W. C. T. U.

CHAPTER XX

Orange County's Soldiers in World War 116

CHAPTER XXI

Service Men's Recognition 130

Celebration at Orange County Park to pay tribute to service men.
Lay cornerstone of Memorial Arch. Address by Governor Stephens.
Presentation of service medals. Address by Chaplain Robert Williams.
Citations and decorations won by Orange County men.

CHAPTER XXII
The County's Liberty Loans 133

Tabulated statement of apportionment and subscriptions to various
war loans.

CHAPTER XXIII
Relief Work of Associations 135

Activities of Red Cross. Anaheim Chapter. FuUerton Chapter. Orange
Chapter. Santa .\na Chapter. Report of Salvation Army.

CHAPTER XXIV
A Chapter of Tragedies 139

Killing of Sheriflf Barton. Capture and hanging of Juan Flores. Mur-
der of William McKelvey. His slayer, Francisco Torres, taken from
Santa ."^na jail and hanged. Dennis Kearney, the "Sand Lot Agitator,"
meets his Waterloo.

CHAPTER XXV
The Oil Industry • • • • 143

First development work. E. L. Doheny the pioneer of oil industry in
Orange County. Graham-Loftus Oil Company. The Columbia Oil
Company. The Union Oil Company. Olinda Fullerton Field. Oil
compared with coal for fuel. County assessments show development
of oil industrv. Taxes paid by Standard Oil Company. Union Oil
Company opens Placentia-Richfield district. Chapman gusher brought
in. Chronological list of wells brought in by various companies.
Summary of report of Brea Progress-Munger Oil News Service.
.\ctivities at Huntington Beach, Newport Mesa, and Olive. Estimated
daily output and gross income from industry.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXVI

T]!!-: Citrus Industry 147

Orange first brought to America in Sixteenth Century by Spaniards.
San Gabriel Mission grove set out in 1804. William Wolfskill set
out first commercial orchard. First orange tree in Northern California
at Sacramento. First Washington Navels at Riverside. Original trees
still living. One reset at Glenwood Inn by President Roosevelt.
Orange County the ideal section for cultivating the orange. California
orange has no equal. Soil and climatic conditions. Evolution in the
handling and packing of oranges. Most successful varieties grown.
Pioneer orange groviJer of the county. Development of industry.
Invention of fumigating. Shipment of first cars of oranges. Orange
County Fruit Exchange. Directors of Exchange for 1920. Amount
and value of Exchange's shipments for 1919. Estimate of total returns
of county.

CH.APTER XXVII

'I'll !•; P)r:KT SuG.\R Industry 151

Early history of the industry. First factory at Philadelphia. Factory
at Northampton, Mass. Mormons establish factory at Salt Lake City.
First successful factory at Alvarado, Cal. Congress places duty on
sugar imports. Department of Agriculture promotes beet sugar in-
dustry. Dr. Wiley conducts experiments in various states. Beets
grown on reclaimed desert land. Reach greatest perfection on irri-
gated land. \'alue of industry. Germany's increased cereal crop due to
introduction of sugar beet culture. Thorough fertilization and deep
plowing required. Blocking and thinning. Process of handling from
field to finished product. Los Alamitos Sugar Company. Santa Ana
Co-Operative Sugar Company. Southern California Sugar Company.
Holly Sugar Company. .'Anaheim Sugar Companv. Value of 1918 and
1919 crops. Price for beets in 1920.

Cn.APTER XX\'ITT

Drange Cou.xty's Fruits, Grains and Vegi'Tablks 159

Nearly all fruits indigenous to Temperate and Torrid Zones may be
grown in some part of Orange County. Apples can l)e raised with profit
in some localities. Apricots and figs grown extensively. Grapes not
raised as extensively as formerly. Development of the avocado. Grape-
fruit and lemons. Olives, peaches, plums and berries. .Vlfalfa a valuable
product. Barley valuable for grain and hay. Oats, wheat and corn
classed among the light crops. The bean industry on the advance.
Lima beans first grown on San Joaquin ranch. Cabbage, cauliflower,
melons, peanuts, peas, peppers, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes
and onions are also grown. Orange Countv displav at Riverside Fair.
1919.

CHAPTER XXIX

History of the Celery Industry in Orangic Couxty 165

Lands, formerly worthless, found valuable for celery. Origin and
growth of industry in Orange County. Many diflicnlties encountered
in the early days, -\creage reduced by planting sugar beets.

CHAPTER XXX

( )raxge County's Live Stock and Poi^try 167

Mexicans and Spaniards paid little attention to domestic animals. Stock-
men's cattle a menace to ranches. Orange County Fair .\ssociation.
Cattle development from early days to present. Great improvement in
grade of stock. Fine Holstein stock at County Farm. Sheep industry,
once important, now annihilated. Goat raising on the increase. Very
few hogs raised for market. Poultry industry brought much money
to county. High cost of feed during war causes poultry raisers to
dispose of flocks.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXXI

The Bee Industry 171

Original importation of bees into California. Growth of industry.
Average yield and cash income. Main sources of nectar. Diseases
stamped out by work of inspector. Bees are boon to fruit business.

CHAPTER XXXII
Semi-Tropic Fruits in Orange County 173

Mission olive and grape the only reminders of Spanish settlers. Other
and better varieties have succeeded them. Avocado, Feijoa, Guavas,
Cherimoya, Persimmon, Pomegranate, Carissa and Sapota have been
introduced. Loquat a characteristic fruit of Orange County. New
varieties of Avocado planted. Jujube is a recent introduction. Seedless
Sapota developed.

CHAPTER XXXIII

The English Walnut Industry 175

Origin of English Walnut. Its cultivation in America confined to
certain districts in California. Early planting formerly done with seed-
lings. Grafted stock subsequently used. Selecting and growing seed
for budding. For seedling nursery. Amount of irrigation necessary.
Valuable hints from an old-time walnut grower. Prices and value of
recent crops. Orange County leads state in production.

CHAPTER XXXIV
Farm Bureau Report 177

Number of farm centers. Program of work. Farm Bureau Weekly.
Itinerant conference. Issues taken up by bureau. Telephone. Water
conservation. Good roads. Harbor development. Horticultural Stand-
ardization. Rodent control. Agricultural clubs. Home gardens.
County fairs. Drainage districts. Irrigation districts. Fire protec-
tion. Farmers' institutes. Field demonstrations. Bean seed selection.
Live stock demonstration. Poultry culling demonstrations. Bees.
Soils. Soil moisture and irrigation. Farm business. Bud selection.
Pruning demonstrations. Morning glory control. Fumigation.

Codling moth on walnut. Nematode. Tractor demonstration. \Vheat
campaign. Water analysis. Farm loans. Summary of work done.

CHAPTER XXXV

'Population and Valuations 185

Methods for estimating population. Correctness of results uncertain.
Federal Census for county, cities and townships from 1890 to 1920.
Methods of taxation. Official valuations of Orange County property.
Population and wealth widely distributed over county. Santa .\na
Chamber of Commerce estimate of 1919 crop value.

CHAPTER XXXVI

Anecdotes and Incidents 191

CHAPTER XXXVII

Soil, Climate and Water.

Government soil survey of .\nahcim district. Soil of county has
limitless depth and no hardpan. Humus must be replaced in soil,
definitions of climate and atmosphere. Equalization of temperatures.
Situation of Orange County gives it an equable climate. Rainfall for
past thirty years. Storage of flood water. Increase in number of
pumping plants.

INDEX

Abercherli, Louis 1470

Abplanalp, William 945

Adams, Argus 1522

Adams, John 638

Adams, Reo C 1362

Adams, Reuben A., M.D 637

Ahern, Eugene 1388

Ahlefeld, George 1317

Ahlefeld, Otto L 1654

Ainsworth, Frank L 351

Ainsworth, Lewis 343

Ainsworth, Mitt 459

Akers, John Allen 705

Alberts, A. J 1645

Alexander, William 11 1579

Allen, Augustus Horatio 425

Allen, Horatio Augustus 570

.Ulen, Joseph Garfield 535

Allen, L. E 1637

Allen, Martin \- 798

Allen, Milo Bailey 534

Allen, Nathan K '. 1 189

Allen, Prescott 422

Ailing, Clyde R 1571

Alsbach, Mary E 486

Amack, Ulysses S 1614

Amerige, Edward Russell 585

Amerige, George Henry 576

Anaheim Feel & Fuel Company 1035

Anderson, Christian '. 1208

Anderson, C. G 1386

Andres, Charles A 1194

Andres, George Frederick 1258

Arballo, Palito 1454

Armor, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel 615

Arroues, Bernard 762

Atherton, Edward 672

Hacks, Joseph M., Jr 653

ILlcon, Robert D 425

Hagnall, Charles J 1433

ll.iier, Fred C 1463

r.aker, Andrew 687

llaker, John G 1572

liaker, William 1148

liall, Charles Dexter, M.D 243

Mall, Edson Joel 1458

Mall, Strother S 226

Hangs, Frederick E 1294

I'.arker, Joshua 1568

Marrows, George A 1264

Barter, Harry 1395

Bartley, George M 1567

Bastady, Frederick 1317

Bastanchury, D. J 545

Bastanchury. Domingo and Maria 264

Baumgartner. John Pembcrton 1207

Baxter, Bluford C 877

Page

Beach, Amandus W 907

Beach, Mrs. Aurel 907

Beard, Ernest A 1092

Belt, Mrs. Susan 291

Bemis, Charles A 810

Benchley, William L 374

Bennett, Bernice, D. 1643

Bennett, Charles C 1321

Bennett. Francis M 1411

Bennett, Harvey F 1284

Bennett, Leroy 541

Bentjen, Fred 1405

Bergey, Gale S '. 806

Best, Charles E 1572

Best, Rupert 1609

Bibber, Andrew Harrington 524

Biner, Albert 1516

Bird, Richard A 1495

Bishop, Clyde 896

Bishop, Fern S 881

Blackford, Merton 1512

Blanchar, Robert 1 1396

Blaylock, Wallace W 1406

Blodget, Lewis W 858

Blom, Andrew Gustav 455

Bobst, Mrs. Wilda 1065

Boon, William H 1020

Boosey, Fred 1242

Roosey, Mrs. Grace 1268

ISorchard, Antone 1533

Borchard, Frank P 1 100

Borchard, Leo 1460

Coring, Johnty P 625

Bowman, Charles E 805

Bradford, Albert S 225

Brady, Peter D 824

Bricke, Joseph 1357

Bridge, Marcus Arthur 566

Broadway, Thomas E 1 104

Brooks, Clifford Hugh, M.D 1314

Brooks, Lorenzo Nathan 478

Brooks, William H 251

Brown, Edwin J 1061

Brown, James E 1348

Brown, John Knowlton 1541

Brown, William Thomas 329

Brunworth, John 456

Buchanan, George W 350

Buchheim, Aaron 438

Buchheim, Frank J 1328

Buchheim, Henry William 915

Bula, Edwin 827

Bundschuh, C. S 1453

Burbank, Mrs. Phoebe' .Ann 1181

Burke, Hon. Joe Charles 989

Burnham, William H 600

Bush, John M., Jr 608

Bushard, William Winfrcd 878

Butler, Clyde D 1126

Butler, Lewis G 1088

Byram. Oren Brown 502

Byram, Wilfred Carroll 503

Page

CaJy, Kiigene C 1065

Cady. Mrs. Penelope 1065

Cailland, Albert 1190

Cailor, O. T 468

Callan. J. M 744

Callens. Adolplie 1343

Callens. Gustave J 1343

Calleus, Joseph Albert 1343

Campbell, David F ,.. 485

Campbell. E. Earl. 1649

Garden. Lincoln Joseph 1276

Carhart, J. Ralph 566

Carle, Anton C 1632

Carriker, Jacob \V 912

Carrillo, Mrs. Adelina 1237

Carrillo. Juan Garibaldi 1283

Carver, Washington 1 1057

Case. William E 949

Cassou, John 571

Castillo, Cayetano, Jr.... 1182

Chaffee. Albert J 751

Chaffee, Edward 1039

Chaffee. John D., M.D 559

Chambers, William M.. D.D.S 1418

Chapman, Charles C 211

Chapman, Charles Herbert 1234

Chapman, Colum C 459

Chase, Manley C 1474

Chase, ilrs. Maud H 844

Cheney. William J 519

Christensen, E. Martin 1238

Christensen, Soren 728

Christiansen. Siegfried il 1381

Christlieb. Alexander J 1529

Clark. John I., M.D 1354

Clarke. Stephen F 451

Ciaudina. Frank 1100

Clayton, Prof. W. XI 493

Clement. William E 942

Clinard. Barney P 1275

Clusson. Gardner. W.. D.V.S 1549

Coate. EKvood , 554

Coburn, Lewis F 916

Cochems, William 434

Cock, .\ndrew 1638

Cocking, George J 1246

Cole, Benjamin H 1151

Cole, 1). G 416

Cole. Mrs. Ella D 472

Cole. Homer L 1292

Cole. Richard W 1659

Cole. Walter J 645

Collins, Cornelius C 433

Collman. William A 731

Colman, R. Clarkson 765

Congdon. Walter N 1583

Conkle. Samuel Q 516

Conley. James F 761

Cook. Le Roy R 1432

Coon. Herbert D 1663

Cooper. Mrs. Emma Burchfield 536

Copeland. Justin M 256

Copeland, Mrs. Mary E 256

Corbit. Byron B 1386

Cordes. John C 1421

Cotant, Charles L 1642

Courreges, Roch 1332

Cowles, Danforth C. M.D 553

Cox, Charles S 1418

Cozad, David F. 646

Craig. Isaac 571

Cranston, John A 1421

Cravalh, A. K 1229

Page

Crawford. Byron Asa 1272

Crawford, Elmer L 778

Crawford, Will C 964

Crookshank. Angus James 604

Crose, Charles F 1245

Crosier, William W 1434

Crouch, Frank Warren 1324

Crowthcr, William Henry 217

Cruiz. Julian R 1660

Crumrine, Charles L 1454

Gulp, William A 1376

Culver, Joseph Warren 1 109

Cuprien, Frank William 794

Daguerre, Mrs. Marie Eugenia 306

Dale. Frank Blair 1464

Dale, Hubert H 1613

Damewood, L. P 813

Damon, Philip W 1441

Daneri, Mrs. Catherine J 1 166

Daniels, Henry W 1233

Dargatz. Otto 415

Dart, Oral V 1578

Dauser. Frank J 1546

Davies. Richard T 546

Davis. Charles Leo 1625

Davis, Evan 861

Davis, Roy R 1507

Dawes, Horatio C 963

Deamud, S. F 1641

Decker, Willet S 1028

DeLapp, Thomas C. H 1249

Denni. Job 1606

I )ennis. Wallace B 903

Derkstn. Mrs. Anna 718

Des Granges, Joseph P 295

De Xau}. Jasper X 650

Devenney. William 1492

Dickel. Herman A 794

Dierker, Benjamin Franklin 907

Dierker, Edward Henry 1118

Dierker. George D 701

Dierker. Harry F 1165

Dierker. Henry 781

Diers. William F 1574

Dietrich. Mrs. Minnie M 1399

Ditchey. Jacob 529

Dittmer. Adolph 960

Dixon, Raymond T 1550

Dolan. William A 1375

Dolph. Miss Blanche L 882

Domann. Arthur H.. M.D 625

Dominguez. Mrs. Felipa V 1241

Donnelly. Dennis J 1625

Dorn, Fred 1040

Douglass, Leo F 1507

Doyle, Leo M'. 1159

Dozier, Edward M 1470

Dozier. Thomas E 611

Drake, David Clarence 286

Draper, Robert L 1382

Dresser, Bernard J 1019

Dross. Werner R 1580

Druce Brothers 950

Du Bois, Willard C, M.D 1373

Duckworth, William Edward 1412

Duggan. William L 1070

Duhart. Bautista 1511

Duker. Henry W 908

Dungan, H. E 1306

Dungan. Samuel M 510

Dunlap. J. T 731

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Dunstan, John 365

Dunton, George 1457

Durkee, Joseph E 1396

Durnbaugh, Carl E 1366

Dntton, Earl Chester 1407

Eaby, George M 1 177

ICadington, Thomas 1438

Eberth, Charles 1458

Eders, R. W 1636

Eden, Walter 988

Edwards, Arch M 1 182

Edwards, John H 338

JCdwards, Nelson Thomas 477

Edwards, Samson 395

Edwards, William J 334

Edwardson, Lars Tobias 854

Eells, John 1556

Egan, Richard 373

Ehlen, P. W 520

Eismann, Mrs. Elizabeth 1170

Elbinger, John C 1040

Elliott, John W 529

Elliott, R. Earl 1595

Ellis, Claude Newton 530

Ellis, Clyde H 1595

Eltiste, George Paul 1138

Eltiste, Michael 925

ICnderle, Herman 989

ICnglish, Robert Henry 312

Erramuspe, Domingo 630

ICrreca, Miguel 1291

Errecarte, Francisco 1503

Eseverri. Mrs. Dolores 599

Esmay, George 822

Espoit, William F 407

]\ummelen, Monsignor Henry 341

Evans, Henry 694

Evans, Loron W 1530

Evans, Lumis A 447

Everett. Amos B 1353

Everett, Samuel B 313

Eygabroad. Charles H 539

Eyraud, I.eon 1589

Faacks, Mrs. Maria 620

Falkenstein, William 903

Earis, Thomas L 1318

Farrar, Charles R 1593

Ferguson, Mrs. Lillian Prest 1636

Fewell, Archie Vernon 1577

Field, Fenn B .: 1370

Field, Louise W .^l'. 1370

Finch, Alfred W .". 1032

Finch, Raymond C 1485

Finley, Col. S. H 777

Fir.st \ational Bank of Garden Grove 1351

First National Bank of Olive 934

First National Bank of Tustin 330

Fischle, Richard. 1431

Fischer, William J 1619

Fisher, Palo Alto 762

Fishering, Ambrose F 1635

Fit.schen, William J 1610

Fles'ner, G. H 530

Flippen, Mrs. Minerva J 240

Fluor, John Simon 1117

Foote, Edwin Bailey 366

Forbes, Charles H 561

Forbes, James Alexander 560

J age

Kurd, lienjamin K 1005

Ford, George \\' 221

Fcrd, Herbert A 270

Ford. Herbert Andrew, D.D.S 1534

Ford, Mrs. Laura Reed 885

Ford, Ray and Dillard E 1220

Forster, John 330

Koss, Benjamin J 1230

Foster, Chalmers T 1044

I-oster, Sherman 1131

Franklin, G. Raymond 1411

Frantz, Raymond F 1616

Franzen, Emanuel C 853

Franzen. Emanuel C. H 1651

Kraser, Fred Ray 1600

Frazer, Richard 1664

Freeman, John William 782

Freeman, William. M.D 236

Freeman. W. R 1593

French, Charles E 405

French, Eugene Edmund 941

Frick, Rudolph M 722

Fridd. John A 1499

Froehlich, Harry Arthur 1585

Frye, Alexis Everett, A.M., LL.H 641

Fuller, Ralph A 1599

Fuller. Samuel X 1136

Fultnn, Harry C 1323

Gage. Earl D 1504

Gaines. Harvey Sylvester 1385

Gantz, Capt. Harry 565

Garber, Harvey 1253

Gardiner, John Reeder 694

Gardner, David. D 1406

Gardner, Earl A 1268

Gardner, Henri F 1125

Gates, Frank S 549

Gatjens, Hans 1014

Genest, Rev. Louis Philippe 1155

Gibbs, Frank Nelson 1053

Gibbs. Henry F 1095

(iilchrist, Mrs. Mary McKee 555

Gisler, Robert 740

Glenn, Earl G 633

Gless, Juan 413

Gobar, Frank J., M.D 1132

Goddicksen, I'eter 582

Godwin. Raymond L 1623

Goodrich, Burleigh L 1374

Goodwin, Almon 849

Goodwin, Jesse 1530

Gould. Dempsey W 1287

Grafton, W. D 1035

Gray, Warren M 1391

Greenleaf, Fannie S 717

Grecnleaf, Walter A 477

Greger, Theodore 1049

Gregory, D. B 1507

Gregory, Ernest S 1519

Gregory, Richard Spencer - 675

Gresswell. Fred K 1018

Griffith. Conway 352

Grinncll, Carl J 1144

Grote. Fred ,\ 752

Grote. Henry 793

Grussing, Thomas 823

Gulick, James Harvey 353

Guntber. Louis D 481

Guntber, Oscar Ernst 919

Guptill. Charles E 980

Guptill, John 1322

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Gustlin, Abraham 99"

Guthrie, John F 1402

Gutzman, Carl G 1512

Haan, Otto R 1310

Halderman, Barrett I, 1642

Haley, Olbert Arvel 1423

Halladay, Daniel 215

Hammerschmidt, Adolph T 1160

Hampton, Lorenzo A 1147

Handy, Harry B 542

Handy, Joel Bruce 1653

Handy, Owen 374

Haniman, Albert John 1387

Hannum, Vard W 1049

Hansen, Mrs. Mette 904

Hansen, Charles L 1643

Hansen, George H 1391

Hansen, Peter 289

Hansler, William J 770

Hare, Orel C 976

Hargrave, John \V 1663

Harkleroad, Henry J 1092

Harmon, Edward \V 523

Harmon, Jonathan 654

Harms, John H 1006

Harms, John P 1666

Harris, EH S 383

Harris, Richard T 229

Hartman, Edward 1469

Hartman, Harvey B 1036

Harvey, Charles E 1185

Hatfield, Norton \V 1452

Hathaway, Hiram Helm 813

Haven, A. B 843

Haven, E. M 843

Haven, L. S 843

Haven Seed Company 843

Haver, John Leslie 1203

Hawley, Alfred E 743

Hawley, Mrs. Elizabeth M 743

Hayward, Elmer 523

Hayden, John C 1254

Hax, Peter D 1141

Hazard, James Merrick 414

Hazard, Mrs. Betsey Ann 747

Hazard, Robert F 959

Hazen, William A 933

Head, Waller Sinclair 1667

Head, Horace Caldwell 619

Head, H. W., Dr 755

Head, Mrs. Maria E 755

Heaney, Hugh J 1652

Heard, J. B 1057

Heartwell. CD. 366

Hebard, Harold C 1590

Hedstrom. Gustave 1152

Heffern, Wesley C 1044

Heim. Albert L 1073

Heim, Carl 1138

Heinemann, Henry G 1477

Helms, Napoleon Bonaparte 245

Helmsen, Joseph 785

Hemenway, Mrs. Lydia A 836

Hemphill, L. W 535

Henderson. Alex 1437

Hendrie, Isaac R 1596

Heneks, William 1280

Heninger, Martin R 1117

Henning, Louis 1069

Henning, Mrs, Ottilie 1050

Henry, Alexander N 429

222

Hickey, John B 1665

Hickman, Curtis Henry 959

llile, Harvey 912

Hill, Thomas 481

Hiltscher, Joseph 1511

Hinckley, John H 1423

Hiserodt, Leon C 818

Hockemeyer, Henry 679

Hoeptner, John P 1358

Holditch. William J. S 1656

Holloway, William H 814

Holtz, Joseph 1613

Hooker, Elmer Orval 1451

Hossler, Harvey H 1062

House, Edmund S 1357

Houser, Charles E 1310

Howard, Charles H 1121

Huff, D. Eyman 396

Huff, Samuel 809

Hughes, Mrs. Ida J 882

Huhn, Alfred 1392

Huhn, John

Hull, Orvis U

Huntington Beach Carnegie Public Librar
Huntington Beach L^nion High School...

Hxmtipgton. Glen E

Hutter, Fred

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1589

Jackson, Calvin E 399

Jackson, Josiah 824

Jacobsen, Asmus Peter 701

Jacobsen, Peter 1542

hraus, Elmer Ellsworth 586

ns, KaH 797

ntges, Harry 950

ntges. Jack 714

rnigan, Samuel 993

Jerome, Benjamin W 1657

Jessee, David E 967

Jessup, Harry E 1555

Jessup, Thomas 417

Jessurun, David 930

Jewell, Walter J 1491

Johnson, Abe W 676

Jdhnson, John M 735

Johnson, John T 1452

Johnson, Joseph' W^illiam 596

Johnson, Niels 1091

Johnson, O. T 1451

Johnson. Raymond N 1422

on, Robert B 840

ohnson, Wayman K 1155

ohnston. Herbert A., M.D 501

ohnston, John 1630

ohnston. W. Dean 443

ones. Edward Spencer 766

ones, George Raymond 1376

ones. McClelland G 1347

ones, Richard W 302

oplin. Josiah C 246

. Carl G 63S

in, Edwin 1594

per, Stetson R 1096

ce. Elijah P 318

Karloff, Udward 1402

Kaufman.. J. F 136y

Kaysr :\\-itliam \V 1545

Kealihcr. Floyd 1! 1324

Kee. Joseph 596

Keefe, John C 1204

Kellogg, Benjamin Franklin 230

Kellogg, Hiram Clay 337

Kellogg, Mrs. Mary Orilla 230

Kelly, James R 278

Kelly, Robert Bayard 278

Kenyon, Chester H 1635

Kidd, Walter 11 1545

King, Dale R 1422

King, Mrs. Ida l! 1288

King. Vernon H 1340

Kinsler, Charles C 739

Kirker, Frank Kyle 1496

Kirsch, John H 1647

Kistler, Stephen 370

Klaner, Deiderich 1 520

Klausing, William 1257

Klentz, Frank 1 607

Kloth. Gottfried 325

Kluewer, Anton 1376

Knapp, James Allan 1017

Knapp. Robert L 1347

Knight. Edmund E 1228

Knowlton, O. V 926

Knowlton, Mrs. Wyram L 311

Knuth, Charles A 798

Koch, Andrew J 1605

Koepsel, Arthur E 781

Kogler, H. J 806

Kogler, Rev. Jacob 604

Kothe, William G 1305

Kozina, Philip 1054

Kraemer, Benjamin 862

Kraemer. Daniel 229

Kraemer, Samuel 592

Krause, Fred C 1443

Krause, Howard A 1447

Krick. Philip Herman 1200

Kroeger. Henry 416

Krneger. Emil 1604

Labat. Salvador 1424

Lacabanne, Henry 1335

Lacy, Dr. John McClellan 279

Lae, Henry 1177

Lagourguc. Frank R 1039

Lamb, Anson 448

Lamb, Earl 1664

Lamb, Mrs. Elizabeth 272

Lamb, Hugo J 1414

Lamb, Jerome T 1358

Lamb, Walter DeWitt 831

Lamb, William D 272

Lambert, Ray C 629

La Mont. Victor W 1318

Lancaster. Roy S 1603

Landell. John 998

Lang. John Henry. M.D 1230

Lantz, Albert C 1584

Larter, Robert Edwin 262

Latourctte, James H 1515

Launders. Frank E 954

Launcr. John C, 556

Lautenbach. Joseph 1620

Lavin. John D 1 08.<*

Le l;ard, John 1482

Ledford. Walter D 1027

Lee. Albert A 1061

Lee, Chester K 1118

Lee, Pleasant J! 1534

Lehmberg, Edward W 1413

Lehnhardt, William 967

Leichtfuss, Alfred W 1655

Le M'arquand, Norman 1525

Lembcke. Herman G 489

Lemkc. August 1473

Lemke. Herman 1473

Lemkc. Robert 1474

Lemke. William 1567

Leonard, Nereus H 702

Lieffers. Fred 893

I.indley, Arthur W 1380

Linebarger, Dallison Smith 663

Littell, U. G.. D.0 1365

Livenspire, Irvin 1249

Loescher, Otto 929

Long, Edward A 667

Lorenz, Charles 292

Lotze, Paul John 1481

Lovering. Roy 1 1 122

Lowell. Jo 1297

Luce. Walter A 1414

Luther, James Ervin 1212

Lyon. John T 1599

Lyon. Le Roy E 1538

McAulay. Angus 1128

McCarter, Eugene L 1408

McCarter, Thomas John 1047

McCarthy, Dennis J 1223

McCarty, John H 979

McConnell. James Vernon 1108

McCord. Arthur Belden 1408

McFadden, John 821

McFadden. Thomas L 900

McFadden. William M 305

McGcc. Miss Mable 1405

McGuire. George 1373

McKecn. Charles W 1010

McKinky. Daniel 1 128

Mclnncs. Jack 987

McMillan, John 671

McMillan. Kufus C 1603

McNeil. George 1417

McPhee. Barry H 1600

McPhee. George 270

McPlicrson. Stephen 430

McWilliams. Waldo R 1615

Maag. George W 1048

Maag. Joe A 1048

Maag. John A 683

Maag. John W 1495

Maag Ranch 1048

Maag. William H T048

Macdonald. D. R 702

Machander, Herman J 1001

Magill, Cyrus Newton 434

Magill. Dwight E 835

Magill, Peryl B., D.0 1321

Maier. John C 540

Manning. Ed 972

Mansur. Carlos F 633

:Marion. Edward D 1035

Maroon. John Luther. M.D 533

Marquart. Henry 1053

Marquez. Rodolfo C 1466

Marsden. Samuel A.. M.D 1362

Marsom, Arthur R 818

Martel, August L 1344

Martin, Carl- W 938

Martin, E. C 756

Martin. John W 511

Maryatt, Oscar H 110/

Masters, Bernard R 1413

Matthews, Earl L 1298

Mattliews, Fenelon C 1272

Matthews, Harry E 1182

Mauerhan, J. C 911

Mauerhan, William C 920

Maurer, Fred A 380

Mayer, Harry 1620

Mayfield, Mrs. Lavinia Avery 802

Mayhew, Joseph P 1043

Medlock, Dr. J. R 408

Mefford, Joseph H 660

Meger, Rudolph 1414

Meger, Gotlieb 1427

Meier, Henry 1309

Meiser, Henry G 1648

Melcher, Alvin 732

Melrose, Richard 418

Menges, Marion Albert. M.D 562

Menton, William F 1005

Merrick. Joseph A 1643

Metzgar, James Clow 1609

Meyer, .Vndrew 1354

Meyer. Henry D 1650

Meyer. Herman F 1402

Meyer, Theodore A 1526

ililes, E. C 1351

Jlillen, Frank W 1279

Miller, Augustus G 1219

Miller, Otto 1650

Jliller, Perry 1036

Miller. Rudolph W 899

Miller. Samuel T 773

Miller. William X 1626

Mills, Andrew F 684

Mitchell. Charles F 1001

Mitchell. David 1054

Mitchell, Roy Hunter 1374

M'itchell, William T 667

Mitchell. Willis F 839

Mitchell. Willis G 388

Moherlv. llanigan C 542

Modjes'ka. Felix P.ozenta 748

ilodjeska. Mme. Helena 590

iloody. Joseph P 301

Moore P.rothers Company 1113

Moore. Edgar W 1529

Moore. WaightstiU A 1441

Morales. E. S 1573

Morris. James A 968

Morris. Thomas R 1048

Morrison, Ernest L 1 392

Morrison, Mack Henry 1653

Morrow, Charles W 1215

Morrow, George Clinton 504

Morrow, Sylvester W 1442

Mosbaugh, George J 344

Moulton, Lewis Fenno 239

Mueller, Jacob 789

Myers, I,ee 1216

Myers, Vernon C 1434

Xebelung, Max- 464

Xelson, Alexander P 1313

Xewland, William T 854

Xewsom. Harvey V 650

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Xewsom, Willis J 739

Xichols, Hervey D 1659

Xichols, Jesse 494

Xichols, John B 263

Xicolas, Pierre, Jr 569

Ximocks, Mrs. Martha A 468

Xisson, Mathias 452

Xoe, Edward A 1087

Xorth, Mrs. Rosie J 1662

Xorthcross, Robert C 561

Xorton, C. I. 778

Xorton. P. H 1578

Xowotny, Alvin F 1516

Xusbaumer, Joseph 1242

Xutt, Charles R 1174

.Xylen. Harry J 1412

Oborne, John 1147

O'Connor, Hugh T 929

O'Donnell, Joseph 1178

Oelke, William J 1485

Oelkers, Henry 263

Oertly, Conrad 1013

Oertly, Soule C 1323

Olewiler, Hester Tripp, D.0 1615

Oliveras, Joseph 1508

Olson, Charles W 1156

Ord, John C 572

O'Rear, Rev. Arthur T 1519

Ortega, .John M 1522

Ortega, Juan D 1541

Orton, Chauncey S 1499

Osborne, Arthur H. T 1433

Osterman. Bennie W 1292

Oswald, Wallace Edwin 1169

Otis, William E 869

Overshiner, Charles David 744

Oyharzabal, Estaban and Peter 1486

Oyharzabal, E 1644

Padias. Salvador M'. 1629

Page, Steve 975

Palmer, Le Roy D 929

Palmer, Xoah 207

Pannier, William 645

Pappas. Tom P 1552

Parker, John R 1136

Parker, Leonard 1549

Parker. Walter M 318

Partridge, Frank E 1020

Paterson. Arthur H 679

Patterson, Frank E 319

Patterson, John F 357

Patterson, Ira E 895

Patterson. Ralph A 319

Pattillo. William G 1169

Patton, Murray A.. D.D.S 1237

Paulus, Chris 1215

Pearson. E. A 1322

Peek. Arnold F 1512

Peelor. Mortimer Hugh • 1646

Peitzke. Fred 1417

Penman. Xewton J 1193

Penman, William Wright 994

Peralta, Juan Pablo 1564

Perkins. Wyllys W 311

Perry. William W 827

Peterkin. William D 1573

Peterson. H. M 1428

Peterson. Roy Charles 1237

I'feiffer, .Mrs. Peilrilla P -'71

Phillips. William II 659

Pickering, -Arthur C 1658

Pierce, Newton Barris 1293

Pike, Loren D 1661

Pirie, George Hill 908

Pister, Carl A 925

Pixley, Dewitt Clinton 369

Planchon. Frank C 1584

Plavan. F. D 710

Pleasants, Joseph Edward 218

Plegel, .\. F 1050

Plinnmer, John L.. Sr 1645

Polhemus, Henry Dean 1224

Poling, Ira W 1379

Pollard, George \V 713

Pollock, Joseph 1399

Pomeroy, Leason F 1616

Pope, John Wesley 498

Popplewell, William M., M.D 1199

Porter, C. George 744

Porter, John R 1220

Potter, Noah Ulysses 752

Prescott, Julian .\ 1667

Pressel, G. Fred 1486

Price, J. D 388

Prinslow, Charles 1395

Pritchard, .\be 115!

Probst, Jacob P 1629

Proctor, Bertha I ) 849

Pryor, Albert 1 586

Pugh, S. L 1482

Pulver, Cyrus B 980

Purdy, Arthur Waldo 1538

Pyle. Joshua 1339

Queyrel. Albert E 1382

Qucyrel, Joachim 1381

Quick, Joseph (", 603

Raikes, Joseph Walter 1380

Ralph, William A 1110

Rancho Canon de Santa .\na 891

Ramsey, Charles F 1469

Ray. Harry 748

Read, Charles C 1087

Read, Wendell P 1361

Reagan. Michael F 489

Reed, Sumner, E 1626

Reid, Taylor R 1379

Reisch, .\ndrew R 1083

Reusch. Charles F. W 817

Router. Theodore 1654

Reyburn. George R 512

Rice. James S 326

Richards, John F 1465

Richardson. William J 1156

Richey, Royal B 975

Richter. Conrad, M.D 1432

Higgle. Charles W 1465

Rimpau. Frederick C 216

Rimpau. Theodore 216

Roberts, Bertram C 1 002

Roberts, Theodore 1302

Robertson, James G 1555

Robertson. Thomas M 1002

Robinson, Archie M 1254

Robinson, George Eddie 575

Robinson, Phranda A 1 257

Robinson. Richard 290

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Robinson, William II 1447

Rochester, James Hcrvey 1 133

Rodger Brothers 12'»7

Rogers, Lucian T 1 17.S

Rogers, W. R 1387

Rohrs, Fred, Sr 1173

Rohrs, George 1637

Rohrs, Henry, Jr 6SS

Rohrs, Henry W 471

Rohrs, William II 1551

Rolfe, George W 1077

Rorden, Andrew 380

Rosenbaum, Oscar 1027

Ross, George M 1031

Ross, Mrs. Hattie W 252

Ross, James Arthur 1301

Ross, Samuel 70r>

Rouse, Manson 16.5r>

Rousselle, Alcedas B 1 127

Roy, Paul Benjamin 1 352

Roycr. Daniel F., M.I) 626

Royer, Harvey B 790

Ruddock. Charles Ed.ward 463

Ruedy. Jacob 1546

Ruhmann. Fritz 954

Runyan, John S 1630

Rurup, Ernest Henry 1023

Rust. Charles 296

Rust, Mrs. C. O 296

Rutherford, Henry T * 832

Rutschow, Herman F 1335

Ryan, Ebon R 1619

Ryan. George E ! 078

Sackman, J. William 1594

Sadler, Charles W 1385

Salter, Eugene JI 1066

Sanders, ,\doniram Judson 354

Sandilands, ('.erald W 611

Sansinena, Jose 595

Sargent, Eugene S 938

Sauers, John W 163s

Saunby, William J 1246

Sawyer. Frank 1253

Sayles. Leon .\ 1137

Schaffert, Henry 1 1 14

Schildmeyer, Anton 451

Schildnieyer, Mrs. Louisa 451

Schildmeyer, Oscar .\ 1619

Schlueter, Fred 1073

.Schmidt, Fred W 810

Schmidt, Theodore V. 629

Schnitger, Arthur A 133'>

Schnitger. V\'m. V. 1443

Schreiner, Henry Andrew 550

Schroeder. John H 698

Schulte, Mr.s. Adclheid Konig 358

Schultz, Henry 1131

Schulz. Jerome \- 1579

Schumacher. William 414

Schweiger. G. .V 1427

Schweitzer. J. Frank 705

Scott, John E 822

Scott, M. Russell 1271

Segerstrom, Charles J 1331

Seidel, Henry 1009

Serrano, Miss Xinfa 509

Shaffer, David R. S 421

Shanley. Frank 418

Sharratt. David F 877

Shattuck. George 11 509

Shaw, .^sbury J 1301

Shaw, Linn 1 314

Sheppard, James C 467

Sheridan, Leo J 1515

Shields, Martin H 1006

Shook. Lloyd E 1660

Shrosbree, Alfred 1211

Sitton, Albert H 735

Skidmore, George E 769

Skidmore, Joseph \V 7'59

Skiles, Henry A 1250

Skiles, Lindley B. 1590

Slack, element Lincoln 110"

Smart, William M 354

Smiley, Charles E 1365

Smiley, Donald S 1062

Smith, D. Hdson 269

Smith, George S 710

Smith, Claude Edgar and Guy 718

Smith, Mrs. Juliette 392

Smith, Robert R 1605

Smith, Willard 680

Smithwick, Edward • 503

Snow, J. Edmund 693

Spangler, Roy F 1563

Sparkes, Cyrus G 732

Speer, William F 1495

Spencer, Clarence S. .• 709

Spennetta, J. D 620

Sprague, Edgerton B 1024

Spurgeon, Granville 255

Spurgeon, William H 203

Staley, Arthur 709

Stanckey, Fredrick 413

Stanfield, Joab 1079

Stankey, Adolph 490

Stanley, Arthur C 1314

Stanley, Harry W 892

Stark, Edward 497

Stearns. Frank C 142S

Steele, John W 946

Stein, Felix 1491

Stein, Sam 1604

Stern, Herman 990

Steward, Olin E 565

Stewart, David Oliver 840

Stewart, H. A 1141

Stuwart, O. A 490

Stinson, John H 1568

Stock, Godfrey J 697

Stockton, C. Bruce 1563

Stockton. James Thomas 1160

Stockwell, Xathan C 1453

Stodart, Mrs. Mary 721

Stodart, Archibald 721

Stoflel, Fred A 675

Stoffel, Peter 1208

Stohlmann, A. F 1478

Stolt. Theodore E 1369

Stoner, Christian C 285

Stork, William E 1463

Stortz, Walter Albert S70

St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Olive 1481

Stradlcy, William E 1648

Strauss, Fred 1555

Streech, Mrs. Ellen J 1170

Strock, Dr. Samuel 1137

Struck. G. W 1459

Stuckenbruck, John W 1477

Sutton. Walter A 1010

Swartzbaugh, John J 362

Swindler. Jacob S 1401

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Taft, Charles Parkman 244

Talbert, Samuel E 1186

Talbert, Thomas B 1560

Talmage, C. Forest 1651

Taylor, Fred G. and Elizabeth 361

Taylor, Frederick H 668

Taylor, George M 1432

Taylor, Harold R 1662

Teague, Andrew J 1126

Tedford, Norman B 1189

Tedford, William' N 208

Teel, Samuel David 919

Thelan, H. Percy 1388

Theodore Brothers 1556

Thomas. Francis M 1264

Thomas, Dr. John D 934

Tliomas. Julian E 1442

Thompson. Andrew Wesley 426

Thompson, Irving Alfred 1520

Thompson, Orrin M 1190

Thompson, Robert .T 983

Thomson, Hugh Conger 1148

Thomson, Hugh T 447

Thomson, Thomas H 379

Thorman, A 769

Thurber, H. Dekmere 1661

Thurston, Joseph S 527

Till, Edwin 732

Timken, Fred W 1424

Timmons, James Albert 835

Tingley, S. E 1580

Todd, Stone Walker 1668

Toler, Miss Jessie Lee 1080

Toney, Mrs. Mary N 660

Tournat, George 1327

Toussau, Simon 874

Towner. H. Fred 1227

Townsend, Stephen 589

Tralle, George Markham, M.D 1624

Trapp, Alfred 1585

Trapp, Roy D 865

Trapp. William 1099

Travis. Zoraida B 320

Tremain, Lyman and Mabel Vance 1142

Treulieb, Charles 1332

Treydte, Paul 857

Trickey, Arthur L 1559

Triekey, Jasper N 1275

Tubbs, John W 1521

Tubbs, W. Lester 1014

Tubbs, Volney V 987

Tucker. Simeon 352

Tuffree, Col. J. K 400

Tuffree, S. James 400

Turck, Erail R 786

Turner. James Andrew 437

Tuthill. Robert G 1574

Utt, C. E 1305

Ulrich. Frank 1331

Utter. John W.. M.D 1669

Utz. John 1313

Vail. A. \' 1035

Valenti. J 1454

Vanderburg, Clarence R 1525

X'aughan, Leonard 801

Vaughan. Mrs. Martha M. S 802

Velasco. lose Francisco 1193

Vincent, Roy K 953

Violett, C. C, M.D 112

Volberding, Fred T 946

Vollmer, Joseph F 899

W agncr, Frederic Joseph 1144

Wagner, John K 1511"

Wagner, Joseph E 150S

Wahlberg, Harold Edward 1306

Walker, Arthur Frank 891

Walker, ilrs. Bella J 1400

Waller, William 1 102S

Wallop, William T 1386

Walter, Scott R 1496

Walters, Henry 1623

Walton, Frank W 1058

Walton, John Franklin 1503

Ward, John M 963

Wardlow, Robert 1104

Wardwell, George W 1624

Ware, Edward G 649

Warne, John H 1287

Warne, Riley 1! 1375

Warren, Leroy A 1655

Wasser, Wilbur W 1550

Watson, Errol Trafford 1216

Watson, Harold Arlington 1203

Watson, Jonathan 384

Watson, Jlrs. Sarah Amanda 612

Weaver. Mrs. C. Ella 1521

Wehrly. John. M.D 460

Wcisel. Fred H 839

Weisel, Hans Victor 1400

Weitbrecht, Robert B 933

Welch, Thomas B 1537

Wells, George W 866

Wells, Lewis Tuttle 634

Wendt, William 277

Wersel, George N 1177

Wessler, Ferdinand H 1070

West, Arthur 774

West, Eldo R 1438

West, Henry 671

West, Hon. Z. B 333

Weston, Thomas S 1668

Wettlin, David G 697

Whedon, James T 828

Whippo, Samuel W 1437

Whitacre, Walter E 1423

Whitaker, James H., 1448

Whitney. .Miss Justine 546

Wickersheim, William J 482

Wickett, William H., M.I) 515

Wilher. Harry Lee 1503

Wiley. Robert J niO

Wilkin^, liar.. 1. 1 1... \-.S 1447

W illianis. .\lln Tl C 664

Williams, Harry \' 144s

William.s Lsaac R 244

Williams, J. C 1646

Williams, Thomas J 261

Williamson, Samuel S 1084

Wilson, Foster E., M.D 1074

Wilson, George P 1327

Wilson, Robert ]63i

Wilson, Thomas James 1271

Wilson, William 444

W'il-son, William Oscar 1095

Wine, John M 1103

Winters, Henry 873

Winters, John 971

Winters, William Franklin 1322

Witman, Henry W 1279

Witt, Henry I) 1559

Wolff, Kadja V 937

Wood, Albert William I6I4

Wood, Wayland 1 023

Woodington, Harry 510

Woodworth, J. ^I 1351

Wray, Newton E 1665

Wray, Walter ii73

Wright, George L 664

Wright, Mary E., D.0 1504

Vaeger, Jliss Lillian E 1 132

Yandeau, Frederick P 1 577

Yoch, Joseph 886

Vorba, Mrs. Erolinda 280

Vorba, Vicente G 1444

York, William 1 T224

Yost, William R 684

Yount, Henry 736

Yriarte. Felix ]610

Yriarte, P.atricio 317

Zaiser, Harry V... M.D 861

Ziegler, John V. 953

HISTORICAL

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

By SAMUEL ARMOR
CHAPTER I

THE FORMATION AND DESCRIPTION OF ORANGE COUNTY

The state of California was created out of territory ceded to the United
States by Mexico in the year 1848. It was admitted into the Union as a free
state in 1850, with a population of 92,597. This population was located in a few
little cities, with a small portion in the mining camps and scattered over the graz-
ing lands adjacent to the water courses. The style of government inherited from
Mexico might be characterized as feudal or patriarchal, each city or pueblo
and the adjoining territory being governed by an alcalde or other officer appointed
by the [Mexican government. When the state was formed each of the -p/incipal
towns with its tributary territory was created into a county; but, on arcQunt of
the towns being far apart and the intervening territory sparsely settled,' the area
of the first counties was large and the population small. As the country settled
up and other centers of population were formed efforts were made froiii time
to time to form new counties by cutting off portions of the old ones; some of
these efforts were successful and others failed.

With the growth of the communities in the southeastern part of Los Angeles
County there sprang up the desire for a smaller county with a county seat nearer
home. This feeling grew apace until finally an appeal was made to the legislature
of 1889 for autonomy. The city of Santa Ana, which had outgrown the other
cities in the proposed new county, took the lead in the struggle for county division.
A lobby was maintained at Sacramento all winter at considerable expense, without
being able to overcome the influence of Los Angeles against the bill for the new
county. This bill was entitled "An Act to Create the County of Orange," the
name Orange being selected partly on its own merits and partly to conciliate the
city of that name, which also aspired to be county seat. Finally, late in the ses-
sion, W'. H. Spurgeon and James [McFadden took up the matter in the legislature
with better success. They found some members who were friendly to their project
and others who were hostile to Los Angeles. There are sometimes a few members
of the legislature who are looking for "Col. IMazuma" to come to the help or
hindrance of much-desired legislation. Because the rich county of Los Angeles
would not distribute a large defense fund among such members, they turned
against that county. Then, too, San Francisco had begun to recognize in Los An-
geles a possible rival, and was glad of the opportunity to deprive her of some of
her territory. These various interests and antagonisms were so skilfully handled
that the bill passed the legislature and was signed bv Governor Waterman, March
11,1889.

The struggle was then transferred to the territory involved. The first ste])
in the formation of the new county was the appointment by the governor of a
board of five commissioners to direct the work of organization. Following are
the men who were appointed on this commission : T- W'. Towner, of Santa Ana ;
J. H. Kelloni, of Tustin ; A. Cauldwell, of Orange; W'. M. McFadden, of Pla-

34 HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY

centia ; and R. O. Wickham, of Garden Grove. The commission organized March
22, by'electing T- W. Towner president and R. Q. Wickham secretary.

An election was called for June 4th, to ratify or reject the action of the
legislature, as provided for in the organic act. This provision was inserted in
the bill to'answer the objection urged, that a majority of the people in the pro-
]wsed new county did not want to be set off from the old county. The most of
the opposition to county division was at Anaheim, the people of that place con-
tending that the line ought to have been located at the San Gabriel River instead
of at Coyote Creek. They thought that if more territory had been taken in
towards the west, Anaheim would have had a chance for the county seat; but
notwithstanding this opposition, the election was carried in favor of county divi-
sion by a vote of 2,509 to 500.

A second election was held on July 11, to decide the location of the counts-
seat and to select the county officers, who would serve until the ne.xt regular
election. Two cities contested for the county seat, Santa Ana and Orange. Ana-
■ heim, having no hope for herself, took little interest in the election ; in fact,
scores of people went to Los Angeles or elsewhere on election day to keep out
of the way of the campaign workers. Orange, being thus deprived of some of
the help she counted on, made rather a poor showing in the contest. On the other
hand, the city of Santa Ana was not able to equal its county seat vote for si.K
or eight years thereafter, notwithstanding it was growing all the time. The result
of the election for county seat was 1,729 votes for Santa Ana and 775 for Orange.

There were three tickets in the field for county officers ; a non-partisan ticket
in the interest of Santa Ana for county seat, a non-partisan ticket in the interest
of Orange for county seat, and a straight Republican ticket without reference to
the county seat. All of the candidates of the Santa Ana non-partisan ticket were
elected, e.xcept the candidate for supervisor of the Fourth District, who was
defeated by a margin of four votes by the candidate on the other two tickets. The
officers thus chosen were: Superior judge, J. W. Towner; district attorney, E. E.
Edwards ; county clerk, R. O. Wickham ; recorder and auditor, George E. Foster ;
sheriff and tax collecter, R. T. Harris ; treasurer, W. 15. \\'all ; assessor, Fred C.
Smythe; superintendent of schools, John P. Greeley; surveyor, S. O. \\'ood ;
coroner and public administrator, I. D. .Mills; sujjcrvisors : first district, W. H.
Spurgeon; second district, Jacob Ross; third district, Sheldon Littlefield, a hold-
over from Los Angeles; fourth district, Samuel .\rmor ; fifth district, A. Guy
Smith.

The supervisors organized August 5, 1889, by the election of \\'. H. Spurgeon
as chairman of the board. Rooms for the county offices were furnished rent free
for two years in the Billings and Congdon Blocks on East Fourth Street, by the
residents in that vicinity. These rooms, with some changes, were retained b}-
the county at a moderate rental until the new court house was ready for occupancy.
'J'he boaril of supervisors held frequent meetings during the first few months,
getting the business of the new county properly started and adjusting the dift'er-
ences between the two counties. Los Angeles County resisted the separation in
many ways. Some of her citizens brought suit against the new county on the
ground that the organic act was unconstitutional, in that the legislature had dele-
gated its powers to the people of the new county to decide whether they wanted
county division or not. The supreme court sustained the constitutionality of the
act. Meantime the two boards of supervisors appointed commissioners to adjust
the differences between the counties and to determine the basis of settlement of
claims for and against the new county. The two commissioners selected for
Orange County were James JNIcFadden and Richard Egan. These men by their
shrewdness and tact secured a fair settlement with very little friction. The ques-
tion of which county should be charged with the money spent in the new county,
by the old, between 'the approval of the legislative act by the governor, March 11.
and the organization of the new county, August 5, was left to the courts to deter-
mine. This money included the cost of the long bridge over the Santa Ana River
at Olive, the expense of the justice courts, the care of the indigents and possibly

HISTORY OF ORANGE COIXTY 35

other expenditures on behalf of Orange County. The courts held that this burden
should be borne by the old county, since it voluntarily built the bridge after the
Orange County bill was approved and it was its duty to keep the local government
going until relieved by the new county.

The formative steps in the creation of Orange County having thus been nar-
rated, the next thing in order is to describe the county; giving its area, boun-
daries, topography and general characteristics. As previously indicated the county
was formed in the year 1889 by cutting off about forty miles in length from the
southeastern portion of Los Angeles County, giving the new county about that
length of coast line. The legislative act made Coyote Creek the dividing line
between the two counties ; but the surveyors commenced at the mouth of the
creek and located the county line on the property lines, jogging over from time
to time to keep near the channel, until they reached the southeast corner of
section 13, township 3 south, range 11 west. From that point the line was run
due north three miles to the township line and thence due east to the San Ber-
nardino County line. The rest of the boundary line of the new county was left
the same as that of the old county before division. The county is therefore
bounded on the west, northwest and north by Los Angeles County ; on the north
and northeast by San Bernardino County ; on the northeast and east by Riverside
County; on the southeast and south by San Diego County; and on the south,
southwest and west by the Pacific Ocean. i'l_'^'5G39

It is customary to speak of Orange County as one of the smallest counties
in the state : but there are nine counties with less territory, fortv-three with less
population and forty-three with a smaller assessed valuation. Its area is given
officially as 780 square miles; but the number of acres assessed (446,257) would
indicate only (f)7\'i square miles. However, there may be sufficient government
land within the county to make up the difference. Perhaps a third of this area
is hilly and mountainous, while the remainder is comparatively level.

There is very little timber on the southern and western slopes of mountains
exposed to many months of summer sun, like those in Orange County. Most
of their surface, however, is covered with chaparral, sage brush, mesquite, man-
zanita and other hardy shrubs, which, with the cactus, provide food and shelter
for considerable game and retard the run-off from the winter rains. In some
of the ravines — especially those with a northern exposure — there are clumps of
live oak trees ; while in the canyons, near the water courses, there are groves
of live oak, sycamore and other native trees of considerable size.

When the temperature cools off in the winter months, the mountains help
to condense the moisture in the atmosphere and thereby increase the precipitation ;
they also act as a catchment-basin to collect the rainfall and drain it into the
streams for use in the summer on the plains below. A considerable portion of
the mountains and hills is adapted to grazing and bee culture. The hills on
the north produce large quantities of oil, and oil has also been found under the
hills along the coast. The hills and mountains on the east abound in minerals
and precious metals. Here, too, are extensive beds of coal of a fair qualitv.

The valleys and plains, which make up the larger part of the county, have a
great variety of soils, among which may be mentioned the following: Adobe,
alkali, clay, gravel, loam, peat, sand and perhaps others. Some of these soils
are stronger than others, some are easier worked, some need irrigation and
others need drainage, and some will retain the heat from the sun longer. than
others. When the latter kind of soil is found on the higher parts of the mesa
near the foothills, it helps to make what is called "the frostless belt" in winter.
Thus certain localities are better adapted to certain products than others are.
For instance, the upper portion of the mesa near the foothills is suited to citrus
and other semi-tropic fruits and winter vegetables ; the lower portion of the
mesa, bordering on the damp land, is adapted to deciduous fruits and walnuts :
the damp land is favorable to the sugar b?et and dairying; the peat land is
almost synonymous with celery growing ; while, with irrigation wliere needed and

36 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

drainage where needed, all localities and kinds of soil are well adapted to general
farming. Hence, as a whole, Orange County is well qualified to produce in mer-
chantable quantities almost every kind of grain, grass, fruit, nut and vegetable
grown in the temperate zones as well as many kinds indigenous to the torrid zone.

When the United States acquired possession of California by the treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo between this government and Mexico in 1848, it was stii:>u-
lated in said treaty that ]\Iexicans in the territory acquired by the United States
should be allowed to retain their property in such territory or to dispose of it and
remove the proceeds at their option. Thus were the titles of the many large
ranchos, which were originally granted by Spain, confirmed to their owners,
who have since transferred them to their successors in interest. So far as
can be learned the following are the principal grants, beginning at the lower end
of the county :

Mission \'iejo or La Paz, containing 46,432.65 acres; Trabuco, confirmed
to Juan Forster and containing 22,184.47 acres; Boca de La Playa ; El Sobrante ;
Niguel ; Canada de Los Alisos, confirmed to Jose Serrano and containing 10,668.81
acres ; Lomas de Santiago, which is now included in the San Joaquin ; San
Joaquin,' of which 48,803.16 was confirmed to J. Sepulveda ; Santiago tie
Santa Ana, confirmed to B. Yorba et al. and containing 62,516.37 acres; Bolsa
Chico. confirmed to Joaquin Ruiz and containing 8,107.40 acres; Las Bolsas,
confirmed to Ramon Yorba et al. and containing 34.486.53 acres; part of Los
Alamitos, confirmed to Abel Stearns and containing 17,789.79 acres; part of
Los Coyotes, confirmed to A. Pico et al. and containing 56,979.72 acres ; San
Juan Cajon de Santa Ana, confirmed to B. Yorba et al. and containing 13,328.53
acres ; part of La Brea, confirmed to A. Pico et al. and containing all told
6,698.57 acres.

Many of these ranches have been subdivided and more or less of the acreage
sold ofif in small tracts to different people, thereby increasing the population and
settling up the county. Thus the ranch lines become indistinguishable from
other boundary lines and even the names of the ranchos are lost sight of, except
in the deeds transferring the property. There is still considerable room for the
work of subdivision to be done before the county will have reached the limit of
its capacity. In fact, the natural resources of Orange County are such that, if
properly developed, they will support a population of 500,000 people instead of
61,375, as reported in the last federal census.

There are nine incorporated cities in the county, viz., .\naheini. Brea,
Fullerton, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Orange, Santa Ana, Seal Beach
and Stanton. In addition to these nine cities there are about forty towns with
a varied number of residences and some business houses in each. Further along
in this work a chapter will be devoted to each of the incor]:)orated cities, while
the unincorporated towns will be grouped together in a single chapter.

CHAPTER II

ROSTER OF COUNTY AND DISTRICT OFFICERS

State Senators, Thirty-ninth District

T. E. ]\IcCoM.\s, January 1, 1889 to January 1, 1893.
E. C. Seymour, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1897.
Thomas L. Jon-Es, January 1, 1897 to January 1, 1901.
A. A. Caldwell, January 1, 1901 to January 1, 1905.
John N. Anderson, January 1, 1905 to January 1, 1900.
Miguel Estudillo, January 1, 1909 to January 1, 1913.
John N. Anderson, January 1, 1913 to January 1, 1917.
S. C. Evans, January 1, 191 7' to—

lilSTORV OF OKAXGF. C( )f\'rv

Assemblymen Seventy-sixth District

E. E. EnwARPS. January 1, 1889 to Januar.v 1, 1891.
A. Guv Smith, Janiiarv 1. 1891 to Januarv 1, 1893.
C. F. BKX.VI-TT, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1895.

C. S. McKelvKY, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1897.

H. W. Chynoweth, January 1, 1897 to January 1, 1901.

D. \V. Hasson, January 1. 1901 to January 1, 1903.

E. R. Amerige, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1907.
Clyde Bishop, January 1, 1907 to January 1, 1909.
RiCH.\Rn AlELROSE, January 1, 1909 to January 1, 1911.
Clyde Bishop, January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1913.
Hans V. WeisEL, January 1, 1913 to January 1, 1915.
Joe C. Burke, January 1, 1915 to January 'l, 1919.
\\'alter Eden, January 1, 1919 to —

Superior Judges, Department 1

J. W". TowxER, August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1897.
T. \\". B.\llard, January 1, 1897 to January 1, 1903.
Z. B. West, January l,'l903 to-
Superior Judges, Department 2
\\'. H. Thomas. September 24, 1913 to January 1. 1910.
R. Y. Williams, January 1, 1919 to — "

Sheriffs

R. T. H.\RRis, August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
Theo. Lacy, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.
J. C. Nichols, January 1, 1895 to January 1. 1899.
Theo. Lacy, January!, 1899 to January 1, 1911.
C. E. Ruddock, January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1915.

C. E. Jackson, January 1, 1915 to —

County Clerks

R. O. WiCKiiAM, August 1, 1889 to January 1. 1893.

D. T. Brock, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1899.
\\'. A. Beckett, January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903.
C. D. Lester, January 1, 1903 to January 1. 1907.

W. B. ^^'ILLIAMS, January 1, 1907 to September 11. 1917.
X. T. Edwards, September 11, 1917 to January 1. 1^19.
J. .M. Backs, January 1. 1919 to—

Recorders

George E. Foster, August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1893.
\V. H. Bowers, January 1. 1893 to January 1, 1895.
W. M. Scott, January 'l, 1895 to January 1, 1903.
George E. Peters, January 1, 1903 to April 6. 1914.
J. M. Backs. AprillS, 1914 to January 1, 1915.
Justine \\'iiit\ey, January 1, 1915 to —

Auditors

George E. Foster, Augu.st 1, 1889 to January 1, 1801.
J. H. Hall, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1007.
"C. D. Lester, January 1. 1907 to January 1, 1015.
W. C. Jero.me, January 1, 1915 to—

Tax Collectors

R. T. Harris, August 1. 1889 to January 1, 1891.
J. R. Porter, January 1, 1891 to" January 1, 1893.

38 HISTORY OF ORA.XGE COL'XTV

R. L. Freeman, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1899.
Fred M. Ror.ixsox, January 1, 18''9 to January 1, 1907.
J. C. Lamp,, January 1, 1907 to —

District Attorneys

E. E. Edwards, August 1, 1889 to January 1. 1891.

F. W. Saxeor.v, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1893.

J. G. Scarborough, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1895.

J. W. Ballard. January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1897.

Z. B. West, January 1, 1897 to January l,"l899.

R. Y. \\'iLLiAMS. January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1903.

H. C. Head. January 1. 1903 to January 1, 1907.

S. :\I. DAyis, January 1, 1907 to JanuarV 1, 1011.

L. A. ^^■EST. January 1, 1011 to—

Treasurers

\V. B .Wall, August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
C. F. Mansur, January 1. 1891 to January 1. 1895.
R. T. Harris, January 1. 1895 to January 1. 1899.
J. C. JoPLiN, January 1, 1899 to January 'l, 1903.
\V. G. Potter. January 1, 1903 to January 1. 1907.
J. C. JoPLiN, January 1, 1907 to—

F. C. S.MVTHE, August 1. 1889 to January 1. 1891.
Jacoi! Ross, January 1. 1891 to January' 1. 1895.
Frank Vegly. January 1. 1895 to January 1. 1907.
W. M. Scott, January'l, 1907 to Noyember ?7. 1910.
D. y. Kelly, December 6, 1910 to January 1. 1911.
James SlEEpER, January 4, 1911 to —

School Superintendents
J. P. Greeley, August 1. 1889 to January 1, 1903.
J. B. Nichols, January 1, 1903 to" January 1, 1907.
\V. R. Carpenter. January 1. 1907 "to :\larch 3. 1908.
R. p. -AIitchell. ^larch 5'. 1908 to—

Surveyors

S. O. Wood, August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
S. H. FinlEy. January 1, 1891 to January 1. 1895.
H. C. Kellogg. January 1. 1895 to January 1, 1899.
S. H. FiNLEY. January'l, 1899 to January 'l."l907.
C. R. ScHENCK. January 1, 1907 to Janua'ry 1. 1911.
J. L. AIcBride. January 1, 1911 to —

Coroners and Public Administrators
I. D. }iIiLLS, August 1, 1889 to January 1. 1891.
Frank Ey, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.
George C. Clark, January 1. 1895 to January 1, 1903.
George S. Smith. January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1911.
T. A. WiNP.iGLER, January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1919.
Charles D. Brown. January 1, 1919"to —

First Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. \\'. H. Spurgeon, August 1, 1889 to January 1. 1891.
2d. Dist. Jacob Ross. August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
3d. Dist. Sheldon LittlEField. August 1, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
4th. Dist. S.\MrEL Armor, August 1, 1889 to January 1. 1891.
5th. Dist. A. Guy Smith, August 1. 1889 to January 1. 1891.

HISTORY OF ORAXCE COUNTY

Second Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. TosRi'ii Yocii, lanuarv 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.

2d. Dist. j. \\'. FIawkins, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.

3d. Dist. Sheldon LittlEFiKld, January 1, 1891 to February 9, 1891.

3d. Dist. Louis Schorn, February 9, 1891 to January 1. 1895.

4th. Dist. Samuel Armor, January 1, 1891 to January 1. 1895.

5th. Dist. W. X. TEDFcRn, January 1. 1891 to January 1, 1895.

Third Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. F. P. NiCKEv, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1899.

2d. Dist. J. W. H.vwKiNS, January 1, 1895 to January 1. 1899.

3d. Dist. W. G. Potter, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1899.

4th. Dist. Samuel .\rmor, January 1, 1895 to January 1. 1899.

5th. Dist. A. Guy Smith, JanuarV 1. 1895 to April 5. 1898.

5th. Dist. G. \\\ McCamit.ell. April 25, 1898 to January 1, 1899.

Fourth Board of Supervisors
l.st. Dist. F. P. NiCKEv. January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903.
2d. Dist. R. E. Larter, "January 1, 1899 to"january 1, 1903.
3d. Dist. W. G. Potter, "January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903.
4th. Dist. D. C. PiXLEY, January 1. 1899 to January 1, 1903.
5th. Dist. J. F. Snover, January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903.

Fifth Board of Supervisors

l.st. Dist. IT. E. Smith, January 1, 1903 to January 1. 1907.
2d. Dist. Jerome Fulsome, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1907.
3d. Dist. b. S. LiNEEARGER, January 1, 1903 to" January 1, 1907.
4th. Dist. D. A. IMacMullan, January 1, 1903 to January- 1, 1907.
5th. Dist. U. C. HoldERMAN, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1907.

Sixth Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. IT. E. Smith, January 1, 1907 to January 1. TTl.

2d. Dist. G. W. Moore, January 1, 1907 to August 4, 1909.

2d. Dist. T. P.. TalbERT, August 17, 1909 to January 1, 1911.

3d. Dist. D. S. LiNEB.-^RGER, January 1, 1907 to January 1; 1911.

4th. Dist. D. A. MacMullan, January 1, 1907 to ]\Iay 11. 1910.

4th. Dist. Fred W. Struck, June 1, 1910 to January 1, 1911.

5th. Dist. G. \V. Angle, January 1, 1907 to January 1. 1911.

Seventh Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. H. E. Smith, January 1. 1911 to January 1, 1915.
2d. Dist. T. P.. TalbERT," January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1915.
3d. Dist. D. S. LinEbarger, January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1915.
4th. Dist. Fred W. Struck, January 1. 1911 to January 1, 1915.
5th. Dist. Jasper Leck, January 1, 1911 to January 1, 1915.

Eighth Board of Supervisors
1st. Dist. H. E. Smith, January 1, 1915 to January 1, 1917.
2d. Dist. T. p.. TalbErt, January 1. 1915 to January 1, 1917.
3d. Dist. D. S. Linebarger. January 1, 1915 to January 1, 1917.
4th. Dist. Fred W. Struck, January 1, 1915 to January 1, 1917.
5th. Dist. Jasper Leck, January 1, 1915 to January 1, 1917.

Ninth Board of Supervisors
1st. Dist. S. II. FiNLEY, January 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919.
2d. Dist. T. B. TalbERT," Janua'ry 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919.
3d. Dist. Wm. Schumacher. January 1. 1917 to January 1. 1919.
4th. Di.st. . Fred W. Struck, January 1, 1917 to January 1. 1910.
5th. Dist. J.\sper Leck, January 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919.

40 HISTORY OF ORANGE COL-NTV

Tenth Board of Supervisors

1st. Dist. S. H. FixLiCY, faiiuary 1, 1919 to—
2d. Dist. T. R. Talbert. January 1, 1919 to—
3d. Dist. W'm. Schumacher. Tanuary 1. 1919 to —
4th. Dist. X. T. EnwARns. January l', 1919 to—
5th. Dist. H. .-\. ^^■ASSUM, January 1, 1919 to—

Anaheim Township Justices

J. B. Pierce, August 5, 1889 to January 1, 1899.

A. V. Fox. August 5, 1889 to October 13, 1890.

J. W. LandEll, November 10, 1890 to January 1. 189f).

Frank ShanlEy. January 1. 1899 to January 1. 1903.

J. S. Howard, January 1. 1903 to—

Anaheim Township Constables

Jonx LaxdEll. August fi, 1889 to January 1, 18''5.
E. A. PuLLEx, January 1. 1891 to February 13, 1892.
H. C. G.\DE, February '13. 1892 to January 1, 1893.

C. E. Groat, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1899.
N. A. BitxEr" January 1. 1895 to January 1, 1899.
Harrison KuehlER, January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903.
S. O. Llewellvx, January 'l, 1903 to January 1. 1907.
M. H. LiTTEx, January 1. 1907 to June 8, 1910.

John KallExbERGER, June 8. 1910 to January 1, 1919.
A. W. ^^'oon, Tanuary"l. 1919 to—

Brea Township Justices

Isaac Craic, ]\Iarch 8, 1916 to May 5. 1920.
Cmari.es E. Smith, ^Jay 5, 1020 to July 7. 1920.

Brea Township Constables

George Bird, March 8. 1916 to January 1. l^io.
I. N. Hurst, January 1, 1919 to" —

Buena Park Township Justices

E. E. AxGELL, January 1, 1907 to February 12. 1907.

D. \\'. Hassox." February 12, 1907 to January 1, 1915.
W. T. Callaway. January 1. 1915 to January 1, Vn'K
D. ^^'. Hassox, January 1. 101') to—

Buena Park Township Constables
Wallace FulwidER. :\Iarch 8. 1899 to January 3, 1900.

F. J. SpEidel, January 3, 1900 to January 1, 1903.
A. Nelson, January 1. 1903 to January 1, 1907.

I. D. JaynES, January 1. 1907 to November 19, 1918.
C. S. RoBixsox. November 19. 1918 to February 1, 1019.
H. S. Covey, February 1, 1910 to June 17, 101').
I. D. JavxEs, June 17,' 1919 to—

Fullerton Township Justices
Alex Wright, January 18, 1897 to July 22, 1897.
R. P. MarquEz, January 18, 1897 to January 1, 1899.
Edgar Johnson, August 3, 1897 to January 1. 1903.
C. K. Ford. January 1. 1903 to llar'ch 2, 1010.
P. A. Schumacher, :March 2, 1910 to January 1, 1911.
H. E. InskEEp, January 1. 1911 to Januar}- 1, 101').
\\"iLLi.\M French, January 1. 1919 to —

Fullerton Township Constables
J. Berlin, Jr., January 18, 1807 to January 1. 1899.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

A. A. Pendergrast, January 18, 1897 to April 16, 1900.
James Garpiner, April 16, 1900 to January 1, 1903.
Charles E. Ruddock. January 1, 1903 to January 1. 1907.
L. C. Edwards, January 1, 1907 to .\ugust 7, 1907.
Charles You.vg, .\ugust 7, 1907 to —

Huntington Beach Township Justices
W. D. SeELY. April 18, 1903 to January 1, 1907.
J. W. Shirley, January 1, 1907 to January 1, 1915.
C. ^^^ Warner, January 1. 1915 to—

Huntington Beach Township Constables

George Reynolds, April 18, 1905 to November 8, 1905.
R. H. WiNSLOW. November 8, 1905 to January 1, 1907.
E. L. Vincent. January 1, 1907 to May 1, 1910.

C. F. SoRRENSON, May 1, 1910 to March 24, 1914.
R. E. Linden, March 24, 1914 to January 1, 1915.
Eugene D.wis, January 1, 1915 "to August 21, 1917.
G. S. Rergev. August 21, 1917 tn—

Laguna Beach Township Justices
Nathan Phili!RO(ik, February 2, 1916 to .April 1. 1019.

D. D. ^^■IIITTEN. -Vpril 15. l'>i') to—

Laguna Beach Township Constables

C. R. Clapp, February 2, 1916 to lanuarv 1, 1010.
G. W. Junr., January 1, 1919 to— "

La Habra Township Justices

Henry O. Price, April 4, 1917 to September 15, 1918.
H. E. Hart, November 7, 1918 to January 1, 1919.
Hexry O. Price, January 1, 1919 to May 20. 1910.
H. E. Hart, :\lay 20, 1919 to—

La Habra Township Constables

Frank D. IMcFadden. .\pril 4. 1017 to August 8, 1917.
H. F. Ashley, February lo. VHB. to March 23. 1O20.

Los Alamitos Township Justices
Charles Yost, May 9, 1808 to January 1, 1800.
J. C. Ord, January 'l. 1899 to .M"ay 14, '1900.
J. C. Ord. January 1, 1903 to October 5. 1904.
.Arthur Philhrick, January 1, 1905 to January 1, 1007.
J. \V. Watts, January 1, 1907 to June 18, 1907.
W. R. McAllEp, July 2, 1907 to February 17, 1914.
Roy G. P.arkER, February 17, 1914 to January 1, 1015.
A. Philbrick, January 1, 1915 to December 8, 1915.
Hugh T. O'Connor, December 8, 1915 to January 1, 1910.
N. a. Condr.v, January 1, 1919 to—

Los Alamitos Township Constables

O. S. DevoE, May 9. 1898 to January 1, 1809.
J. W. Watts, January 1, 1899 to May 14, 1900.
R. E. Powell, January 1, 1903 to November 21, 1905.
J. D. Shutt. November 21, 1905 to December 18. 1907.
A. J. Deals, September 2. 1908 to September 20, 1909.
James H. Heaston, September 20, 1909 to January 1, 1911.
J. H. Fortune. January 1, 1911 to May 28, 1912.
"Marshall A. Ramsey, May 28, 1912 to Julv 2, 1013.
Ernest Rios, July 2, 1913 to July 28, 1914.'

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Wm. Drake, July 28, 1914 to January 1, 1915.
Charles Crump, January 1. 1915 to January 6, 1015.
J. H. MuRiLLO, January 6, 1915 to January 3, 1917.
Edward Kennedy, January 3, 1917 to October 31, 1917.
James F. Wolf, December 18. 1917 to January 1. 1919.
J. H. MuRiLLO, January 1, 1910 to June 12, 1910.

Newport Beach Township Justices

Leo GoEppEr, December 22, 1914 to —

Newport Beach Township Constables
J. A. Porter, December 22, 1914 to —

Orange Township Justices

Ir.\ Carter, August 5, 1889 to ]\lay 5. 1890.

M. H. SwEETEx. Mav 5, 1890 to January 1. 1891.

W. M. Harthorn, January 1, 1891 to July 3, 1893.

J. N. Lemon, July 3, 1893 to January 1, 1895.

S. M. Cr.\ddick, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1899.

^^'. S. \Vatsox, April 25] 1898 to January 1, 1899.

Charles Chandler, January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1907.

J. A. PfeiFEER, January 1, 1907 to January 1, 1911.

Jajies FullErton, January 1. 1911 to January 1, 1915.

Samuel .\rmor, January 1, 1915 to —

Orange Township Constables

K. R. Boring, August 5, 1889 to April 8, 1890.
M. P. Chubd, April 8, 1890 to January 1, 1895.
Frank L. Carr, January 1, 1893 to December 6, 1896.

E. T. Parker, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1899.

T. G. Cervantes, December 7, 1896 to January 1, 1899.
^\^ T. Bush. January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1903.
H. A. Miller, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1911.
G. L. Jackson, January 1. 1911 to Jatuiary 1, 1919.
\\'. A." Holt, January 1, 1919 to— "

Placentia Township Justices

F. M. Frasier, J\Iav 8, 1912 to ^lav 20, 1913.
A. M. Ashley, May 20, 1913 to—

Placentia Township Constables
O. H. Schumacher, ]May 8, 1912 to February 2, 1916.
T. N. Watters, February 2, 1916 to January 1. 1919.
A. O. Nelson, January 1, 1919 to—

San Juan Township Justices
J. E. Bacon. January 1. 1891 to January 1. 1899.
Marcos Foster, January 1, 1893 to December 16, 1895.
E. Petrie Hoyle' December 16, 1895 to July 6, 1896.

G. W. Stevens. December 7, 1896 to January 1, 1899.
John Landell, January 1, 1899 to April 8. 1914.
John Daneri, April 8, 1914 to —

San Juan Township Constables
Robert Simpson, January 1, 1891 to August 22, 1892.
E. Weber, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.
M. H. Foster, January 10, 1893 to January 1, 1895.
R. O. Pryor, January 1, 1895 to January 1, 1899.
E. D. Boxley, January 1, 1895 to ]\Iarch 18, 1895.
M. YoRP.A, January 5, 1899 to November 5, 1901.

HISTORY Ol' OKAXGK COL'XTV

A. A. LiTTfix, November 5, 1901 to April 1, 1902.
Salbador Labat, April 14, 1902 to September 3, 1902.
James Rae, January 1, 1903 to February 4, 1903.
A. L. SwARTHOUT, February 4, 1903 to January 1, 1907.

0. B. Cook, January 1, 1907 to November 1, 1909.
M. YoRBA, November 1, 1909 to December 22, 1914.
John T. Combs, December 22, 1914 to November 1''. 1''1S.
GiiORGF. A. Clark, November 19, 1918 to —

Santa Ana Township Justices
C. S. McKelvEy, August 5, 1889 to April 14, 1890.
G. E. Freeman, May 5, 1890 to March 17, 1903.

1. G. Marks, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1893.

C. W. Humphreys, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1895.
George Huntington, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1899.
John A. Willson. January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1903.
Ed. Smithwick, March 17, 1903 to January 1, 1911.
J. B. Cox, January 1, 1911 to—

Santa Ana Township Constables
\\iLLi.\M Bush, August 3, 1889 to August 12. 188').
George T. InslEy, August 12, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
W. O. Robinson, January 1. 1891 to January 1, 1893.
C. F. Preble, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1895.
G. E. Robinson, January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1899.
Robert Graham, January 1, 1895 to November 16, 1896.
John Landell, November 16, 1896 to December 8, 1898.
Ed. H. Mosbaugh, December 8, 1898 to September 5, 1900.
C. F. Trunnell, January 5, 1899 to March 8, 1899.
William MANN.'March 20, 1899 to November 8, 1899.
George W. Y'oung. November 8, 1899 to September 17. 1900.
T. G. Cervantes, September 17, 1900 to January 1. 1907.
Sid Smithwick, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1911.
C. E. Jackson, January 1, 1907 to January 1, 1915.
E. W." BoYNTON, January 1, 1911 to April 14, 1911.
Robert Squires, April 14, 1911 to December 19, 1911.
Frank W. Heard, December 19, 1911 to January 1, I'UO.
W. Russell Coleman, January 1, 1915 to .August 20. 1''1S«>
Jesse L. Elliott. November 19, 1918 to —
"W. N. Carter, January 1, 1919 to—

Seal Beach Township Justices
Chas. W. Bowdish, December 5, 1915 to IMarch 18, 1919.
John H. May, April 1, 1919 to November 1, 1919.
G. H. Morrison, July 1, 1920 to—

Seal Beach Township Constables
C. L. Neuschwanger, December 5, 1915 to May 1, l'»18.
liARRY H. Mayer, September 27, 1918 to—

Stanton Township Justices
J. C. Alcorn, July 6. 1910 to October 4, 1911.

C. O. Winters, October 4. 1911 to November 5, 1911.
Marshall Clark, November 5, 1911 to January 1, 1920.

Stanton Township Constables
E. R. M. Pierce, July 6, 1910 to September 10, 1912.

D. L. NewlIxX, September 10, 1912 to January 1, 1915.
Lester C. Dale, January 1, 1915 to July 18, 1916.

T. C. Whalley. July 18, 1916 to March 1, 1920.

44 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Tustin Township Justices

D. L. McCharles, January 17. 1890 to January 1, 1893.
William Schkomodau, January 1, 1891 to November 2, 18''1.

C. D. Ambrose. January 1, 1893 to January 1, 1895.

H. L. Hemenvv.ay, January 1, 1895 to November 4, 1895.
L. Sleeper, January 1, 1895 to November 4, 1895.

D. L. :\IcCharlES, December 6, 1916 to January 1, 1919.
H. \\'. Smith, January 1, 1910 to—

Tustin Township Constables

William Jerome, January 17 . 1890 to January 1, 1891.
H. E. Willard, January 'l, 1891 to January 1, 1893.
\\'. H. Brooks, January 1. 1891 to January 1, 1895.
C. C. BuTTERFiELD, January 1. 1895 to November 4, 1895.
T. Cummins, January 1, 1895 to November 4, 1895.
R. McCarthy, December 6, 1916 to October 3, 1917.
J. A. Coleman, October 16, 1917 to—

Westminster Township Justices
David Webster, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1893.
T. W. Fawcett, January 1, 1891 to January 1, 1893.
L. E. Smith, January 1, 1893 to July 17, 1893.
JosiAH McCoy, January 1, 1893 to January 1. 1907.
John Lane, February 18, 1895 to February 15, 1897.
S. D. McKelvEy, February 15, 1897 to January 1, 1899.

A. H. BuRLiNGAME, January 1, 1907 to January 1, 1911.
S. E. Chaffee, January l.'l911 to May 31, 1916.

S. WooLDRiDGE, May 3i, 1916 to —

Westminster Township Constables
\\'. J. Orr. September 16, 1889 to January 1, 1891.
S. D. McKelvey, January 1, 1891 to September 3, 1894.
H. Y. Stevens, January 1, 1891 to January 1. 1897.
M. R. SwEETzer, October 2, 1894 to January 1, 18<)5.
C. C. Lloyd, January 1, 1895 to Junel, 1896.
\\'. R. Ball, June 15, 1896 to January 1, 1899.
Jerome Fulsome, January 1, 1899 to January 1, 1903.
T. J. Williams, January 1, 1903 to January 1, 1907.
M. Smith, January 1. 1907 to March 3, 1909.
J. M. Clark, April 7, 1909 to—

Yorba Township Justices

R. P. :\IarouEz, January 16. 1899 to August 6, 1906.
R. C. MarouEz, August 27, 1506 to January 1, 1907.
August Lemke, January 1, 1907 to October 5, 1915.
R. C. MarouEz, October 5, 191'5 to January 1, 1919.
August Lemke, January 1, 1919 to —

Yorba Township Constables
J. Berlin, Jr., March 8. 1899 to February 6. 1901.
\'incEnte G. Yorba, February 6, 1901 to January 1, 1903.

B. G. Yorba, January 1. 1903 to January l", 1907.'
Erwin Bayha. January 1. 1907 to January 1. 1911.

M. BoissERANCE. January 1, 1911 to November 19, 1918.
H. A. BuHRMAN, November 19. 1918 to—

Board of Education

The county superintendent is ex-officio member of the Board of Education.
The other members, four in number, that have helpetl to constitute the various

HIS'J'ORV OF OR.\Xcn{ COL'XTY 45

boards since the formation of the county, with the date of the appointment and
the length of the service of eacli. are as follows:

:\r. AIanlEv, August 6, 1889 to June 12, 1893.
T. N. Keran. August 6, 1889 to June 4, 1895.
G. W. Weeks, August 6. 1889 to Tune 12, 1893.
G. C. Mack. August 6, 1889 to June 8, 1891.
K.\TiE L. ^^'ING, Tune 8, 1891 to October 17, 1896.

F. E. Perham. Tune 12, 1893 to Tulv 1, 1896.
V,. R. Grogan, Tune 12. 1893 to March 12, 1894.
W. R. Carpenter, March 12, 1894 to Tuly 1, 1896.

G. W. Weeks, Tune 4, 1895 to July 1^ 1897.
Mrs. E. D. Buss, Tulv 1, 1896 to Tuly 1. 1898.

T. \. Keran, July 1. 1896 to September 20, 1897.
F. E. Perham, October 17, 1896 to July 1, 1897.
W. R. Carpenter, July 1, 1897 to July 1, 1899.
W. B. Hill, July 1, 1897 to Tulv 1, 1899.
Lyman Gregory, September 20, 1897 to Tulv 1, 1900.
T. T. ZiELLXN, July 1, 1898 to Julv 1, 1906. '
Miss M. C. Bray, July 1, 1899 to Julv 1. 1901.
Eouis Grup.p., Julv 1, 1899 to July 1, 1901.

B. F. Beswick, July 1, 1900 to July 1, 1904.

F. G. AthEarn, Tulv 1, 1901 to January 24, 1903.
T. B. Nichols, Tulv'l, 1901 to Tuly 1, 1903.

G. A. Harlin, January 24, 1903 to Tuly 1, 1905.

^^'. R. Carpenter, July 1, 1903 to February 12, 1*.07.
R. P. Mitchell, June 21, 1904 to March 15, l')08.

C. O. ^\■ALDORE, July 1, 1905 to Tuly 1, 1907.

E. M. XeallEv, Tulv 1, 1906 to June 5, 1912.

T. F. Walker, February 12, 1907 to Tanuarv 8, 1913.
L. A. DuREEE, Julv 1, 1907 to April 2. 1913'

A. W. Everett, March 15, 1908 to Tune 5, 1912.
T. J. Zielian, June 5, 1912 to May 8, 1918.

Cii.ss. C. Smith, Tune 5, 1912 to September 15. 1913.

T. L. \'ANnERVEER! Tanuarv 8, 1913 to June 4, 1913.

v. 1!. Brown, September 15, 1913 to June 3, 1914.

W. ^]. FiSHBACK, April 2, 1913 to Tune 2, 1915.

Chas. E. Teach, June 2, 1915 to August 7, 1918.

W. P. Read, Augu.st 30, 1918 to Tuly 1. 1919.

T. R. Parker, June 4, 1913 to—

S. R. FiTz, June 3, 1914 to—
. H. F. Beswick, Julv 1, 1918 tc—

Geo. C. Sherwood, July 1, 1919 to-
Horticultural Commissioners

I'p to a recent date the horticultural commission has consisted of three mem-
bers appointed by the board of supervisors. Following are the names of those
who liave been thus appointed and the length of service of each :

S. W. Preble, September 2, 1889 to April 21, 1891.

F. I-I. Keith, September 2, 1889 to jMay 5, 1891.

H. Hamilton, September 2. 1889 to iMarch 5, 1902.

B. T. Perry, May 5, 1891 to December 1, 1893.
I. N. Rafferty, May 5, 1891 to March 4, 1903.

L. Z. Huntington, December 1, 1893 to March 1, 1902.
A. D. Bishop, March 5, 1902 to May 3, 1905.
Max Nebelung, March 5, 1902 to Tuly 3, 1907.
Fred Rafferty, March 4, 1903 to July 2, 1907.
E. ^\^ Camfield, May 3, 1905 to July 1, 1909.

46 HIST(JRV OF (JRAXGE COL'XTV

A. H. Stutsmax. Tulv 2. 1007 to Tulv 1, 1909.

J. J. Schneider, July 3. 1<)07 to July 1. 1909.

Roy K. Bishop, November 16, 190;' to January 15, 1918,

Earl jNIorris, January 15, 1918 to —

By legislative enactment the horticultural commission of three members was
abolished July 1, 1909. and a single certificated commissioner was substituted
therefor. Roy K. Bishop was the only applicant who succeeded in passing the
examination and he was appointed to the place November 16, 1909.

Trustees of Law Library

The legislature of 1891 passed an act authorizing the establishment of a law
library in each county and the collection of a fee of one dollar for every case
filed in the superior court, to support such library. The supervisors of Orange
County objected to thus taxing the litigants for the benefit of the lawyers, so an
jynendment was introduced by Assemblyman C. S. ]\IcKelvey and passed by the
legislature of 1895, cutting out the fee. That amendment and the repeal of the
county ordinance establishing the library put a quietus on the appointment of
trustees for the next twelve years. In the legislature of 1907, Senator H. ]\I.
M'illis introduced an amendment to the original act, restoring the dollar fee on
court cases, which was adopted. Immediately the Orange County law library
was revived and trustees were appointed as before the interruption. There arc
three appointive members and two ex-ofiicio members, the latter Ijeing the superior
judge and the chairman of the board of supervisors. The appointive trustees from
the beginning and the time of service of each are as follows :

E. E. Keech, Tune 1, 1891 to Tulv 1. 1895.

C. C. Hamiltox. Tune 1, 1891 to Tanuarv 3, 1893.

F. W. Saxborx, June 1, 1891 to January '3, 1893.

J. G. Scarborough, January 3, 1893 to January 7, 1895.

\'icTOR MoxtgomEkv, January 3, 1893 to Januarv 7, 1805.

T. \\'. Ballard, January 7, 1895 to Tulv 1," 1895. '

Z. B. West, January 7,' 1895 to July \. 1895.

Richard JMelrcse, February 12, 1907 to —

R. Y. Williams, February 12, 1907 to —

H. C. Head, February 12,' 1907 to—

Board of Forestry

T. E. STErHExsox. April 8, 1914 to—

R. E. Larter. April 8, 1014 to—

A. S. Bradford, April 8, 1014 to—

Willard Smith. April 8, 1914 to—

A. E. Bennett, April 8, 1914 to February 3, 1020.

A. L. CoTAXT, February 3, 1920 to—

County Physicians and Health Officers
J. P. Boyd. Mav 4, 1891 to Tanuarv 14, 1895.
\\'. H. Hill, Januarv 14, 1895 to January 5, 1903.
R. A. Cvshmax, Januarv 5. 1903 to October 20, 1904.
C. D. Ball, October 20,' 1904 to January 1, 1911.
John Wehrly, January 4, 1911 to January 6, 1915.
.\. H. Domann, January 6, 1915 t(T —

Veterinary Surgeons and Stock Inspectors

J. H. Garxer, April 7, 1890 to Januarv 1, 1893.

"\\'. E. SellEck. January 1, 189"3 to September 27. 1894,

R. A. Lord, September 27, 1894 to November 29, 1894.

G. E. Armstroxg, December 7, 1904 to February 20, 1906.
C. E. Price, February 20, 1906 to February 12, 1907.

W. A. Boucher, February 12, 1907 to September 30, 1907.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTV

\y. S. :McFarlaxE, October 2, 1907 to Marcli 3, 1909.
W. S. McFarlanE, June 2, 1909 to January 8, 1913.
Geo. W. Closson, January 8. 1913 to January 3, 1917.
W. S. McFarlane, January 3, l'n7 to October 29, 1917.
Geo. \\'. Closscx, October 2", 1917 to—

Bee Inspector

J. E. Pleasants, December 22, 1902 to —

County Engineer
J. L. JNIcBride. January 1, 1920 to—

Custodians of County Park

L. D. West, April 5, 1898 to ^larch 25, 1901.

^^'. M. Boring, ^^larch 23, 1901 to October 18, 1904.

C. S. JNIason. October 18, 1904 to February 12, 1907.

A. B. Tiffany, February 12. 1507 to :\Iay 3. 1916.

S. C. King, May 3, 1916 to January 1, 1919.

Fred SiEFERT. January 1, 1919 to February 3, 1920.

J. B. Irwix, February 24, 1920 to—

Caretaker of Westminster Public Park

Tames A. :McFAr)DEN, January 8, 1919 to October 7, 191').
A. \\". Knox, October /, 1919 to—

Fire and Game Wardens
\\'. K. RoBiNSOx, AJay .^ I'JO') to April 1'), 1910.
J. L. Combs, April 19. 1910 to ]\lay 3, 1911.
\\'. E. Adkinsox, May 3, 1911 to January 8. 1913.
W. K. RoEixsoN, January 8. 1913 to June 1, 1913.
W. E. Adkixsox, June 1, 1913 to—

County Statisticians
Charles Lehm.^nx, January 1, 1906 to January 1, 1908.
Walter S. Gregg, January 1, 1908 to January 1, 1909.
Ralph A. Fuller, January 1, 1909 to January 1, 1910.
Erwin Bavha, January 1, 1910 to August 22, 1911.
Helen \\'. Craemer, August 22, 1911 to—

Highway Commissioners

C. C. Ciiap.max, ).larch 2, l')10 to April 12, l'>10.

W. H. BuRNHAM. March 2, 1910 to Deceniljer 3, l'»12.
M. M. Crookshank, March 2, 1910 to March 4, 1914.
Richard Egan. April 12, 1910 to March 4, 1914.

D. C. PiXLEY, December 3. 1912 to June 1, 1915.
S. H. Finley, March 4, 1914 to April 21, 1914.

R. J. McFadden, March 4, 1914 to January 3, 1917.
W. T. NEWLAxn, April 21, 1914 to" January 3, 1917.
N. T. Edwards, June 1, 1915 to January 3, 1917.

Purchasing Agents
J. S. Perry, §eptember 2, 1914 to January 8. 191''.
F. W. Slabaugh, January 8, 1919 to—

Lecturer and Publicity Agent

D. W. McDannald, Xoyember 21, 1910 to—

Superintendents of County Hospital and Farm

E. A. Chaffee, January 8, 1913 to Alarch 1, 1914.
Geo. Clement, March 'l. 1914 to Dec. 22, 1914.
Harry E. Zaiser, December 22, 1914 to —

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Superintendents of Detention Home
C. E. HayxES, June 3, 1914 to December 1, l'J14.
C. R. MuNSON, December 1, 1914 to February 7, 1917.
Mrs. S. E. Hutchins, February 7, 1917 to—

Probation Officer

T. H. Scott. June 3, 1914 to October 1. 1920.
P.\ul B. WrIgiit. October 1. I'UO to—

Sealer of Weights and Measures
Gi-oRCE :\IcPhiCE, July 2, 1913 to^

Aid Commissioner and Expert Accountant

^\■.\LTJ•■.R S. Gregg, November 1, 1915 to —

Superintendent of Road Maintenance
N.\T. H. Xeff, January 3, 1917 to —

Farm Advisors

A. R. SpraguE, :\Iarcb 15. 1^18 to September 1. VnS.
U. E. \\Anu'.ERG, September 1, 1918 to—

CHAPTER III

ORANGE COUNTY'S WATER SUPPLY AND WAY UTILIZED

It is generally understood that the original source of water supply for any
given territory is the rainfall precipitated upon the entire surface of such territory.
In a dry climate the rainfall is regarded as an asset that may be recorded and
l^roclaimed as one of the natural advantages of the locality. There is also an in-
direct benefit from the rainfall that surrounding sections derive from the under-
ground waters which are percolating through the gravel on their way from the
higher elevations to the sea. Such water may be brought to the surface by pump-
ing, or, on the lowlands near the ocean, it may be forced to the surface Idv the
pressure from the higher elevations, whenever a boring is made for an artesian
well.

The average annual rainfall at Orange for a third of a century has been
13.87 inches, the extremes being 5.32 inches in the winter of 1897-98 and over
three feet in the winter of 1883-84. This is probably as low an average as any-
where in the county, since Orange is situated in the middle of a plain near the
center of the county and the rainfall in the hills and mountains is greater than
on the plains below. In fact, the rainfall in the San Bernardino iMountains, where
the Santa Ana River has its source, averages nearly three feet of water per year.
During the violent or long continued storms in winter, vast quantities of water
rush down the steep slopes of the hills and mountains into the canyons and valleys,
and unite, forming streams that carry the surplus to the sea. It is estimated that
fully fifty per cent of the rainfall is lost by evaporation and Tun-off. The other
fifty per cent sinks into the ground and percolates slowly through the porous soil,
fructifying it and replenishing the underground reservoirs formed by pockets or
strata of gravel at various depths below the surface. Gradually the excess of this
underground water oozes into the channels of the streams at lower levels, thus
continuing their flow throughout the year and even through a peridil cif twu or
three dry years, like the one from 1897 to 1900. when the rainfall was 5.32-0. (>4-
8.86 inches, respectively.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 49

The streams of Orange County, that carry more or less water to the ocean in
times of floods, are: Coyote Creek; Santa Ana River, including Santiago Creek
and its branches; Laguna Canyon; Aliso Creek, and its tributaries; Trabuco
Creek, which receives the waters from a half dozen canyons northwest of Capis-
trano; and a number of arroyos and lagoons which drain the plains between the
streams and the lowlands near the ocean. Coyote Creek, forming the boundar}-
between Orange County and Los Angeles County, draws its water from the ad-
joining plains in both counties. The Santa Ana River takes its rise in the San
Bernardino ^Mountains, from seventy-five to one hundred miles distant, and is one
of the most important streams for irrigating purposes in Southern California. The
rest of the streams mentioned are wholly within the confines of Orange County.

The area of the catchment-basin of the Santa Ana River has been estimated
by J. B. Lippincott, former resident hydrographer of the Federal Government, as
follows : mountain section, 557 square miles ; hill section, 382 square miles ; valley
section, 525 square miles; making a total of 1,464 square miles. From records
of observers as widely scattered as possible over this area, it has been found that
the average annual rainfall for a long period of years has been 33.84 inches in
the mountains, 20 inches in the hills and 14.98 inches in the valleys. Applying
these figures to the three classes of territory involved and adding the result, we
find the average annual rainfall in the basin of the Santa Ana River amounts to
the enormous sum of 79,819,529,856 cubic feet of water. If three-quarters of the
rainfall in the mountains, two-thirds of that in the hills and half of that in the
valleys be discarded for evaporation and run-oft, and if the remainder be drawn
into running water and distributed over the entire year, there would be 41,201
inches of perennial water still left within the basin of the stream. Probably not
much over a quarter of that amount is actually available in the irrigating season
and four-fifths of that quarter is appropriated before the stream reaches Orange
County. However, a considerable portion of the underflow of the river finds its
way into the county, thereby adding its quota to the underground water which the
county gets from its own rainfall.

All the water entering Orange Count}' through the Santa Ana River is equally
divided between the two sides of the stream; that for the northwest side is distrib-
uted to the users by the Anaheim Union Water Company, and that for the
southeast side by the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company.

The Anaheim Union Water Company, as its name indicates, was formed
by the union of the Anaheim Water Company, the Cajon Irrigation Company, the
North Anaheim Canal Company, and the Farmers' Ditch Company. The Anaheim
Water Company was established in 1857, its water rights having been purchased
in that year with the land on which Anaheim is located, from Juan Pacifico On-
tiveras. The Cajon Irrigation Company was formed in 1877 to irrigate the Pla-
centia and Fullerton sections. The other two companies were formed, or re-
organized in 1882. These four companies consolidated under the name of the
-Vnaheim Union Water Company in the year 1884. The capital stock of this com-
pany was fixed at $1,200,000, which was divided into 12,000 shares of a par value
of $100 each. Two-thirds of this stock has been issued and the other one-third
remains unsold in the treasury. The use of the stock is confined to about 12,000
acres of land susceptible of irrigation by gravity from the company's ditches.

The facilities of the Anaheim Union Water Company for supplying its stock-
holders with water consist of a half interest in the waters of the Santa Ana
River at the division-gate; many miles of ditches, of which over fifty are lined
with cement concrete ; five pumping plants, capable together of furnishing about
1,400 inches of water; and two reservoirs for storing night water for dav use
and winter water for summer use. The Tuffree reservoir will hold the entire flow
of the main canal over night, and the Yorba reservoir will store enough of the
winter floods to furnish 300 miner's inches for three months in the irrigating
season. In addition to the foregoing facilities, the company owns a half interest

50 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

in nearly 2,400 acres of riparian land up the river, as well as several huiulreil
acres in its own right. These lands strengthen and protect the company's rights
in the river and give opportunity for further development, when needed. Oil has
been found on some of this land and money enough is being received from leases
to meet all the expenses of the company.

The Santa Ana ^'alley Irrigation Company, which distributes the waters of
the Santa Ana River to the territory southeast of said river, like the Anaheim
Union Water Company, is the outgrowth and legatee of previous efforts and or-
ganizations for the irrigation of the territory which it now serves. The right to
use the waters of said river on the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana i^ based on
the appropriations of such waters by the early Spanish settlers as well as on the
riparian character of the land itself. Col. John J. Warner, who died in Los An-
geles a number of years ago, at an advanced age, testified, in the suit of the Ana-
heim Water Company vs. the Semi-Tropic ^^'ater Company, that he found Don
Bernardo Yorba with a large retinue of servants, irrigating his ranch from the
Santa Ana River in the year 1834. These water rights were handed down from
owner to owner with the land, and in 1868 they were parceled out by the court.
pro rata to the acreage, regardless of the distance of each subdivision from the
river. The court also protected the exercise of these rights by granting to the
holders of the lower allotments a right of way over the upper allotments for
ditches to convey water to their respective holdings. In order to irrigate the por-
tion of the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, purchased by A. B. Chapman and
Andrew Glassell, a ditch, called the Chapman ditch, was constructed during the
winter of 1870-71, which delivered water as far down as the present site of
Orange the following July. Two years later, !May 24, 1873, these same persons
incorporated the Semi-Tropic Water Company and transferred to it all the rights
and interests of the Chapman ditch. As the land was subdivided and sold, stock
in this water company was furnished to the purchasers, who thus came into pos-
session and control of the company. In 1877 this company was superseded by
a larger and stronger one in the name of the Santa Ana A'alley Irrigation Com-
panv. The property and rights of the old company were purchased and trans-
ferred to the new. and all the water rights on the southeast side of the river below
the intake were absorbed in exchange for eciuivalent rights in the new company.

The capital stock of the Santa Ana A'alley Irrigation Company w^as fixed at
SIOO.OOO, divided into 20,000 shares of a par value of $5 each. This stock was
made appurtenant to the land, one share to each acre, and is transferable only
with the land which is described in the certificate. All the assessments, together
with ten per cent interest, have been added to the par value of the stock until
at the present writing the market value has reached $120. which amount must be
paid for any new stock purchased for unstocked land. There are now in force
17,437 shares held by 2,Z31 stockholders, making an average of less than eight
shares to each stockholder in the company. Over $500,000 has been spent on the
canals, pipe lines, pumping plants and reservoirs : nearly another $100,000 has
been paid for riparian lands and water rights, making about two-thirds of a million
dollars invested in water facilities by this company, to say nothing about current
expenses, etc. These large sums have been drawn gradually from the stock-
holders during the past fifty years in such low water rates and moderate assess-
ments that the burden has scarcely been felt. In fact, this company has long
enjoyed the reputation of being one of the least expensive of the large water
companies of Southern California.

The facilities of the Santa Ana \'alley Irrigation Company for supplying its
stockholders with water are very similar to those of the Anaheim Union \\'ater
Company and consist of a half interest in the waters of the Santa Ana River at
the division-gate: about 141 miles of ditches, of which 117 miles are pipe lines and
the rest are lined with cement concrete : eight pumping plants capable together of
furnishing about 1.520 inches of water ; and one small reservoir at Olive for regu-
lating the flow of the water in the ditches. In addition to the foregoing the com-

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COL'NTV 51

pany owns a half interest in nearly 2,400 acres of riparian land up the river, as
well as several hundred acres in its own right. These lands strengthen and pro-
tect the company's rights in the river and give opportunity for further develop-
ment, when needed.

The stream next inimportance to the Santa Ana River for irrigation purposes
is the Santiago Creek, which is a tributary of said river. 'I'his creek rises in the
Trabuco National Forest Reserve in the eastern end of the county, flows in a
nortlnvesterly direction across the San Joaquin ranch to the mouth of the canyon
and from there proceeds in a southwesterly direction to its junction with the Santa
Ana River. The creek and its branches drain about 127 square miles on the
western slope of the Santa Ana ^fountains and the foothills adjacent. Assuming
that the average annual rainfall within the drainage basin of this stream is fifteen
inches, which is under rather than over the mark, the precipitation would aggre-
gate 4,425,696,000 cubic feet of water per year, or one-eighteenth of the rainfall
in the great catchment-basin of the Santa Ana River. Like most of the streams
between the coast range and the sea, this creek carries off the greater part of the
rainfall .shortly after it is precipitated. However, a small per cent sinks into the
soil and gradually percolates into the channel, thereby continuing the stream
throughout the year. The ciuantity thus saved and utilized can be greatly in-
creased by storage reservoirs and by spreading part of the storm water over waste
lands to sink into the gravel beds and find its way into the stream later in the
season. Some of this work has already been done and more is being planned fnr
the future.

The parties who are interested in the waters of the Santiago Creek are the
Irvine Company, owner of the San Joaquin ranch, and the settlers on the lands
about the mouth of the canyon, above ditch A of the Santa .Ana \'alley Irrigation
Company, who are represented by the Serrano Water Association on the north side
of the creek and by the John T. Carpenter Water Company on the south side.
Naturally, the Irvine Company would have large riparian rights in the stream on
account of furnishing a large part of the catchment-basin and owning land on both
sides of the stream for ten or eleven miles. These rights have never been adjudi-
cated, although the attempt to take water over the water shed to other parts of
the ranch was successfully resisted in the courts by the settlers. An agreement
was finally reached whereby the water of the creek will be apportioned to the
dift'ercnt ])arties in interest and an opportunity be given to increase such water
by diminishing the run-off^. The stipulations of this agreement were made the
judgment of the court, thereby making them binding on all concerned.

l!y the terms of this agreement the two water companies, designated as the
party of the first part, get practically all the water of the creek up to 600 inches
during the five irrigating months, from June 20, to November. 20, of each year ;
the Irvine Company, designated as the party of the second part, gets the next 50
inches, and all above the 650 inches will be divided equally between the two parties.
For the rest of the year the party of the first part will have the first 60 inches and
the party of the second part the next 60 inches ; and all above the 120 inches
will be equally divided. .An easement to three tracts of land, aggregating about
500 acres, is granted for spreading the storm water, and also an option to build
a dam across Fremont Canyon and impound water therein, together with rights
of way for roads and ditches. The party of the first part covenant to .spend not
less than $14,000 during the next five years in spreading water on the two upper
tracts, and may spend other large sums within the next ten years; the party of
the second part agrees to refund one-third of all the money thus expended each
year, up to a limit of $16,666.67 for the third, during the ten years. In return
for the liberal concession of the Irvine Company, that company is permitted to
take its share of the water over the watershed to other parts of the ranch. The
time within which a dam might be built in Fremont Canyon having expired, it
is understood that the option, with all its agreements and conditions, given by
the Irvine Company for that purpose, has lapsed. The two water companies.

52 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

designated the party of the first part in the agreement, together own the Barhani
ranch upon which they have constructed a shallow reservoir of considerable area.
Below this ranch they built a bedrock dam across the creek in 1892, at a cost of
$3,600, the deepest point being nineteen feet below the surface of the creek-bed.
The water intercepted and raised to the surface by this dam is carried off in a
28-inch cement pipe 72'^ feet to the division-gate, where it is divided equally
between the two companies.

The Serrano Water Company was organized in 1875 by the Lotspiech
Brothers, J. W. Anderson, Dr. Worrell, Charles Tiebout and a few others. The
association has no capital stock, but the water is distributed among the sixty-six
owners according to the acreage of each, with the limitation that two-thirds of the
association's water belongs to the 631 acres in the Lotspiech tract and the other
one-third to the 672 acres in the Gray tract. To serve these owners the association
has laid below the division-gate 6,288 feet of 20-inch pipe and 2,679 feet of
16-inch pipe, while individual members have laid three and one-half miles of from
10 to 16-inch pipe.

The John T. Carpenter Water Company is capitalized for $16,000, divided
into 1,600 shares of $10 each. This stock is held by 115 owners, who use the
water on 900 acres of land. The company has laid about four miles of 16 and
20-inch pipe and about eight miles of 10 and 12-inch pipe.

Trabuco Creek, with its tributaries, furnishes water for quite an area of land
in the vicinity of Capistrano. The greater portion of the water from this stream
is distributed by the Trabuco Water Company, which irrigates about 500 acres.

In addition to the irrigation from the three streams just described, there are
a few farms that take out more or less water from Coyote Creek, Laguna Creek,
Aliso Creek and other sources. Then, too, there are thousands of acres irrigated
from wells, either artesian or pumped. As already described, large quantities of
water from the rainfall sink into the ground and percolate through the gravel
strata on their way from the higher elevations to the sea. This water may be
found at various depths in nearly every part of the plains forming the major
portion of the county ; but it is particularly abundant about Anaheim and in the
western part of the county, where it is undoubtedly supplied by the underflow of
the Santa Ana River. According to the assessor's report there are 1,224 pumping
plants in Orange County valued at $3,060,000. These raise from 25 to 125 inches
of water each from a single well, while in a number of cases a large plant fur-
nishes from 200 to 400 inches from a group of wells. The lower lands near the
ocean are either damp enough or they are irrigated from artesian wells. The
number of acres irrigated from wells, pumping or artesian, is about 12,000: the
total nimiber of acres irrigated from all sources in the countv is approximatel_y
50,000.

If anything further were needed to prove that Orange County is well watered,
it might be found in the vast quantities of nearly every kind of grain, fruit, nut
and vegetable grown in the temperate zone, as well as many kinds indigenous
to the torrid zone, which are produced in this county and sent to market every
year, not only supporting the farmers and fruit growers, but actually enriching
them. Surely Orange County may take rank alongside of the land of Canaan as
described by Moses in the following paragraph :

"For the Lord, thy God, bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks
of water, of fountains, and depths that spring out of valleys and hills ; a land of
wheat and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates, a land of oil, olive,
and honey : a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not
lack anything in it : a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou
mayest dig brass. When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the
Lord, thy God, for the good land which he hath given thee."

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 53

CHAPTER IV

THE CITY OF ANAHEIM

Supplemented by E. B. Merritt

The city of Anaheim is the oldest city in Orange County and was founded
and settled by some Germans who had been residents of San Francisco for some
time. They were all citizens of the United States and were looking about for
cheap land that would be suitable for the growing of grapes. They traveled about
the state and especially turned their attention to the southern part, and soon
decided that the section that is the present site of Anaheim was best suited to
the growing of grapes and the making of wine.

This corporation was organized in 1857 by fifty men, among whom were the
following: George Hansen, John Fisher, John Froelich, Charles Kohler, Utmar
Caler, C. C. Kuchel, C. Biltsen, Henry Kroeger, H. Schenck, H. Bunnellman, Julius
Weiser, John P. Zeyn. Benjamin Dreyfus, Hugo Currance. and others. Their
organization was known as the Los Angeles Vineyard Company. Each man pur-
chased a share, which was valued at $750. They bought about 1,200 acres of
land, being a part of the Rancho San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana, and owned by
Juan Pacifico Ontiveras, to whom they paid two dollars per acre. This tract was
laid out in twenty-acre lots, and work was at once begun upon it under the man-
agement of George Hansen, who was selected for their superintendent. He began
leveling, building fences, digging ditches, etc. Expenses were $216 per day, a
considerable amount for that period. The tract was one and one-half miles long
and one and a quarter wide, fenced in with 40,000 willow poles, six feet above the
ground and one and one-half feet apart ; these were strengthened by three hori-
zontal poles. These poles eventually took root and soon the colony was sur-
rounded by a living willow wall. The whole was defended by a ditch four feet
deep, six feet wide at the top, sloping to one foot at the bottom. Streets were
laid out through the tract, a gate constructed across the end of the main street
and when this was closed it made the enclosure secure from invasion. Thousands
of wild Spanish cattle and horses roamed the plains at that time and these would
have devastated the growing vines and other crops unless so protected.

These sturdy pioneers gave the name of Anaheim to their new found home,
from the German, heim — home— and the Spanish, Ana — a proper name. Home
by' the Santa Ana River. A ditch was dug to convey water for irrigation, seven
and one-half miles in length, and several miles of laterals were constructed. On
each twenty-acre tract eight acres of vines were planted the first year. At the
end of two years these vines had come into bearing. All assessments had been
paid by each shareholder, which brought the total amount to $1,200 each. At this
time each lot had a valuation placed upon it according to location and improve-
ments, at from $600 to $1,400. Division was made by lot. As each man had paid
in $1,200, the ones who drew the $1,400 lots paid in $200 and those who drew
under that figure received balance in cash ; and, besides all this, each shareholder
received one lot in the town plot. During these two years the men of the com-
pany had continued their residence in San Francisco, but at this date they as-
sumed control of their separate properties. They began building houses, having
to haul lumber and necessities from Los Angeles, that being their nearest supply
point. Thirty miles was a long distance to bring their necessities and as soon as
possible they established a landing on the coast where boats could land supplies.
This was but twelve miles west and was known for many years as Anaheim
Landing.

Their main object was to grow grapes and manufacture wine, but of the
entire number there was but one man who understood the art of wine making.
They were mostly mechanics and carpenters, besides whom there was a watch-
maker, blacksmith, a gunsmith, an engraver, a brewer, teacher, bookbinder, miller,

54 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

shoemaker, poet, merchants, musicians and a hotelkeeper. Benjamin Dreyfus
built the first house in 1857. John Fischer erected the first hotel in 1865 : this was
destroyed by fire in 1871 and the following year Henry Kroeger built the Anaheim
hotel. In the town plot of forty acres, which occupied the center of the tract, one
lot was reserved for a school building and this was among the very first structures
erected. This was very commodious and was put up to serve as a school-
house and assembly hall. During the flood of 1861-62 the Santa Ana River over-
flowed and damaged the foundations, rendering its unsafe and school was then
held in the water company's building on Center Street until 1869, wdnen a new
building was built. It was a severe struggle against all kinds of odds for several
years, but their patient industry and perseverance won the struggle and at the
end of ten years each stockholder's property was worth from $5,000 to $10,000.
In the meantime they made their improvements and supported their families. The
company had its officers, electing Utmar Caler, president : G. C. Kohler, vice-presi-
dent ; Cyrus l)iltsen, treasurer, and John Fischer, secretary.

A fire occurred in the town on January 16, 1877. which destroyed Enterprise
Hall, a saloon, a Chinese wash-house and the Daily Gazette building, entailing a
loss of about $18,000, half covered by insurance. The Anaheim Hide & Leather
Company was established in 1879 and was operated less than a year, when it
quit business. A. Guy Smith & Company built a steam grist and planing mill in
1875. Hinds Brewery was established by Theodore Reiser in 1874. \'ines were
set out in Anaheim and vicinity each year from 1857 until 1887. In 1884 a disease
n-as discovered among the vines and in 1885 it was seen that the grape industry
^vas doomed. A'ines that had produced ten tons to the acre dwindled to nothing.
It seemed to attack the ^Mission variety first and the oldest and strongest vines
were the first to die. In 1885 there were about 500,000 vines in that vicinit}- an.l
about fifty wineries, which up to that time had been making money. For twentv-
five years Anaheim and vicinity was the greatest wine producing center in Cali-
fornia. .After the vines began to die out walnuts and oranges took their places
and this is now one of the best sections in Orange County for these products.

The Anaheim Gazette, the pioneer newspaper, established by G. \\'. Barter,
was first issued October 29, 1870. Barter had bought the plant of the Wilmington
Journal, defunct. The press had been brought around the Horn in 1851 and had
been used in Los .\ngeles by the Star, the pioneer newspaper of Southern Cali-
fornia. In 1871 Barter sold the paper to C. A. Gardner, who in turn sold to
Melrose & Knox, in 1872. Knox retired in 1876. F. W. Athearn was connected
with it in 1876-77. then Melrose became sole owner and sold it to Henry Kuchel.
the present owner, who has continued the publication for more than thirty years.
The Orange County Plain Dealer, established in Fullerton in 1898, moved to
.Knaheim and was owned and edited by J. E. \'aljean a number of years before
his death. The Anaheim Daily Herald was founded by Thomas Crawford in 1913
and is now owned and published by The Anaheim Herald Publishing Company.

In 1860 the Anaheim \\'ater Company became owner of the ditches and water
rights originally belonging to the Anaheim \'ineyard Company. The stock of this
company was an appurtenance of the land and could not be diverted from it. The
water company was incorporated with $20,000 capital stock and in 1879 this was
increased to $90,000. and ditches were extended to cover the Anaheim extension.
The Cajon Water Company's ditch was completed November 18, 1878. at a cost
of $50,000. It tapped the Santa .-\,na River at Bed-Rock Canyon and was fifteen
miles long. In 1879 the Anaheim I'nion Water Company bought a half interest
in this ditch. Anaheim was incorporated as a city February 10, 1870, but the
burden was too great to be carried by the people and in 1872 they petitioned the
legislature to be dis-incorporated. This was granted and it was an unincorporated
town until ]\larch. 1878. when it was incorporated and then in 1888 it was
reincorporated.

In 1880 .\nalieim boasted of the best school building in Los Angeles County,
outside of that city. In 1877 Prof. J. M. Guinn, who had been principal of the

FIRST SANITARIUM Al AXAHKIM

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY 55

Anaheim school for eight years, the buililing having become inadequate for the
increased population, drafted a bill authorizing the district to issue bonds for
$10,000. He was instrumental in securing its passage by the legislature and it
became a law ]\Iarch 12. 1878. The bonds were sold at par and a building erected.
This was the first instance on record in the state of incorporating and bonding a
school district to secure funds to build a schoolhouse, a method now quite com-
mon in the state, thus giving California the best schoolhouses of any state in
the Union. The. schools of Anaheim embrace grades from the kindergarten to
the junior college and compare favorably with the best in Southern California.
For further particulars about Anaheim's schools see cha])ter on Orange County's
Schools.

In January. \S75. the Southern Pacific Railway built a branch to Anaheim
and for two j-ears this was their terminus. In 1887 the Santa Fe built through
to San Diego and that year a number of vineyards were divided and sold in town
lots. Anaheim has three banks, all well capitalized ; a public library, several school
buildings ; eight miles of paved streets, and fifteen miles of cement sidewalks.
The city owns its own water supply, as well as its own electric lighting plant.
There are two depots of the Southern Pacific and one of the Santa Fe. and it will
soon have an outlet by the Pacific Electric, building a direct line. The country
about is fertile, growing almost anything put into the ground.

The living willow wall that surrounded the original colony disappeared long
ago and but few of the present citizens of the city remember tlie appearance of
the original place, called by the native Californians Campo .\leman — German
camo. Anaheim is now a city of beautiful homes, with a population of 5,526.
Early in the year of 1911 bonds were voted for $90,000, to construct a sewer sys-
tem ; and $8,500, for additions to the electric lighting system. As showing the
progressive sentiment of the people it mav be said that the former received 352
votes for, and 24 against, and the latter 303 for, and 68 against. The city has six
]:>acking houses for oranges and lemons, one beet sugar factory, one marmalade fac-
tory, one cigar factory, a large hotel and several apartment houses, besides the
usual complement of all kinds of business houses. Its area is two and three-quar-
ters square miles: its assessed valuation in 1920 was $3,017,415, and the building
permits issued the same year amounted to $92,000. This shows a healthy growth
when it is remembered that the war lid was on building operations that year.
During the year 1919, .\naheim had a building total of more than $200,000.
Included in the construction program was a thirty-apartment building, a bungalow
court, many individual residences, a large new First Methodist Church and a few
business buildings, but here, as in other towns, construction could not keep up
with the demand, and still greater activity is foreseen in the future.

The churches of .\naheim represent fourteen denominations, as follows :
Catholic, Presbyterian, ^lethodist. Episcopal, Christian Science, Lutheran, Bap-
tist, Evangelical, Alennonite, German Methodist, Mexican Methodist, Seventh
Day Adventist, German Lutheran, and German Baptist.

Following are the city officers as they stood after the election and appoint-
ment in 1920: Board of trustees. William Stark, president: Frank X. Gibbs,
Fred A. Backs, Jr.. Charles H. Mann, Howard E. Gates: clerk. Edward B. Mer-
ritt : marshal and tax collector, X. F. Steadman : treasurer, Charles A. Boege :
recorder, J. S. Howard : manager and street superintendent, O. E. Steward : elec-
trician, V. \y. Hannum : attorney. Homer G. Ames ; rate collector, W. A. Wallace.

The soil about Anaheim is a sandy loam, easily worked, retains the heat and
moisture. This, with its proximity to the ocean and distance from the snow-
capped mountains, places that section in the frostless belt of the county. Then,
lying in front of the mouth of the Santa Ana Canyon, the territory about Ana-
heim gets the greatest benefit from the underflow of the river. .\ people with
such natural resources and with the sturdy manhood to voluntarily close their
.saloons, as they did January 1, 1919, cannot help but prosper.

56 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Anaheim Municipal Light and Water Works
By V. W. Hannum

The first step, in the builcHng of the present ]\'Iunicipal Light and Water
System, was taken in April, 1879, when the pioneers of the Mother Colony started
tlie municipal water plant, then located on West Cypress Street.

Making a success of this venture, and wishing to keep abreast of modern im-
provements, they started the electric light plant on August 23, 1894, with a con-
nected load of thirteen arc lamps, used for street lighting, and 143 incandescent and
nine arc lamps from which a revenue was derived. By 1907, there were 324 light
and 372 water consumers, which made it necessary to construct an entirely new
plant at 518 South Los Angeles Street. The equipment at that time consisted of
two 125 horsepower boilers, two steam-driven electric generators of eighty kilo-
watt capacity, two twelve-inch wells with a pumping capacity of 600 gallons per
minute. In 1912 another 125-horsepower boiler and a steam-driven electric gen-
erator of 150 kilowatt capacity was added. In 1913, the increasing water demand
made it necessary to drill a new sixteen-inch well, in which a pump of a capacity
of 800 gallons per minute was installed, this installation being duplicated in 1915.

By 1916 the electric load had reached such proportions that the generating
equipment was inadequate, so rather than add more generating equipment, an
agreement was made with the Southern California Edison Company whereby
the city purchases all of its electric energy wholesale, but maintains its o^vn dis-
tributing system.

Li 1918 it became necessary to again increase the water suppl}'. This was
done by replacing one of the small capacity pumps with one of a capacity of 1,200
gallons per minute. In 1920 a new sixteen-inch well was drilled and a 1,200-
gallon pump installed. The city now has three wells, each 335 feet deep, with
a pumping capacity of over 3,000 gallons per minute. A reinforced-concrete
reservoir, with a capacity of 173,000 gallons, at an elevation to give forty pounds
pressure on the mains, insures an adequate supply of good pure water at all times.
A two-stage centrifugal pump, driven by a 125-horsepower motor, is used to
increase the pressure in case of fire; this pump will deliver 1,500 gallons of water
per minute at a pressure of 125 pounds.

Until Alay, 1914, the rate for lighting purposes had been ten cents per kilo-
watt-hour; at that time the plant had become self-sustaining, so the lighting rate
was reduced to seven cents per kilowatt-hour. This cut, while greatly reducing
the revenue for the city, was a great saving to the consumers.

While the past few years have seen prices rise by leaps and bounds on all
materials used in the light and water departments, as well as increases of wages,
and two increases on the wholesale price of electric energy, the city by conservative
methods has been able to keep its water rate at ten cents per hundred cubic feet,
and the electric lighting rate at seven cents per kilowatt-hour, thereby furnishing
light and water at pre-war prices to its many patrons, and still maintaining a
source of revenue, of which the year ending May 1, 1920, is a good example.

At that time there were more than 3,000 services for light and water, with a
revenue of nearly $70,000, leaving better than $20,000 for the general fund after
all operating expenses had been paid. Besides being a source of revenue to the
city, the Municipal Light and \\'ater Works furnish steady employment to many
of the citizens of Anaheim.

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 57

CHAPTER V

THE CITY OF BREA

By Mable McGee

Brea is situated at the mouth of the canyon of the same name adjoining the
eastern part of Fullerton on the north. The canyon has long alTorded an easy
passage for a wagon road from the interior valley to the coastal plains and was
named Brea Canyon from the brea, or mineral tar, which oozed out of the ground
in the canyon. The city is the youngest and one of the smallest in the galaxy
of Orange County cities. It was incorporated February 23, 1917, and has an
area of one and three-quarter square miles. The assessed valuation of the city
in 1920 was $718,880, with a tax rate of $1.00. The population given by the
1920 census is 1,037.

\\'hile there are some orchards and farms in the southern part of the citv,
the principal support of the place is derived from the oil industry. The city is
in the heart of a rich oil district, surrounded by about twenty-three leases. In
fact, looking up and down the mesa in front of the hills, hundreds of oil derricks
may be seen in either direction. This oil industry is not only the main support of
the city of Brea, but it is a valuable asset of the whole county, as manifested
by the increase in the assessment roll each year as the territory expands and new
wells are brought in.

The city has one and a half miles of cement sidewalks and three miles of
paved streets. There are four churches, Congregational, Christian, Xazarene and
Seventh Day Adventist. (The schools may be found in the chapter on Orange
County's Schools.) The following organizations have branches in Brea: Oil
Field, Gas \\'en Refineries International \\'orkers of America (this is a labor
organization of oil men and used to be called '"The Oil Field Workers' Union") ;
\\'omen's I'nion Label League (the latter is an auxiliary of the men's organiza-
tion just mentioned) : Knights of Pythias; \\'oodmen ; Maccabees; Royal Neigh-
bors ; and Brea Study Club.

The Brea Boiler Works and Union Tool Company are home industries that
employ a great many men.

The city officers at the present time are as follows : Board of trustees. Jay
C. Sexton, president; Isaac Craig, P. C. Huddleston, R. H. :\Iitchell, Frank j.
Schweitzer; clerk, Mrs. L. -V. Sayles ; treasurer, Leon A. Sayles ; attorney, Albert
Launer ; engineer, Robt. W. Phelps ; marshal, street superintendent and pound
master. D. O. Stegman.

That Brea went over the top in subscribing to the five libert\' loans may be
seen in the lists published elsewhere in the history.

The Union Oil Company has a beautiful building and picturesque grounds in
Brea, showing what can be done with capital and good taste, where the climate
is equable, the soil fertile and the water abundant.

CHAPTER VI

THE CITY OF FULLERTON

Supplemented by H, L. Wilber

Twenty-three miles southeast from Los Angeles lies the thriving little city
of Fullerton with its population of 4,415 .souls. LIntil 1887 this section of the
county was largely given over to pasturage for sheep and cattle. Its richness had
not been discovered except by a few, but now it is considered by the residents of
the vicinity as the "garden spot of Orange County." The city was laid out in
1887 by Amerige Brothers and the Pacific Land and Improvement Company. The
first building was erected the same year, in which year also occurred the advent
of the railroad. The peculiar location of the town has much to induce home

58 HISTORY OF ORANGE C;)L"XTV

making, for it is surrounded b)' a very productive country and its climatic condi-
tions are ideal, far enough away from the snow-capped mountains and near
enough to the sea. to have a very equable temperature.

Soon after the advent of the railroad the little hamlet grew rapidly. At an
early date the planting of oranges and walnuts was begun and the results were
so gratifying that the locality soon attracted general attention as a fruit section.
Planting of various kinds of deciduous fruits followed and soon it was discovered
that soil and climatic conditions were the best to be found in Southern California.
Besides the fruit industry there sprung up a lucrative business in vegetable grow-
ing. With a ready market in Los Angeles a man with a limited amount of money
could get good returns from his farming venture from the very start.

It was at the close of the "boom," in 1888, that this part of California was
the center of attraction and towns sprung up in the desert and, by the develop-
ment of water for irrigation, garden spots were made to blossom out of drear
waste. The Amerige Brothers were among the men who came to Southern
California during this period and, seeing the possibilities of the section that is
now Fullerton and Placentia districts, purchased 500 acres of bare, unimproved
land, from the Miles' estate. They had inside information that the Santa Fe
Railroad would be built in this direction on its way to San Diego and entered into
negotiations with the Pacific Land and Improvement Company to have a change
made in the surveys in order to strike the proposed town site. To insure the
building of the road and location of a depot the brothers gave railroad rights to
the company. The first stake was driven on July 6, 1887, in a field of wild mus-
tard. Soon the land was cleared, streets laid out and graded, business blocks and
several dwellings erected. On account of some obstruction in securing right of
way, the railroad was unable to build to the town until the following year and
thus it was greatly handicapped for lack of transportation facilities. Amerige
Brothers sold an interest in their holdings to Wilshire Brothers, and soon after-
ward all interests were merged into the Fullerton Land and Trust Company, to
facilitate development.

The town was given its name in honor of G. H. Fuller, then president of
the Pacific Land and Improvement Company, which was an organization of the
directors of the Santa Fe. He was a factor in the early beginning of the town,
but soon was deposed from office. The name of the town was then changed to
La Habra. in harmou)' with the name of the valley adjoining. The opposition to
this change was so strong that the town was re-christened Fullerton, although the
first railroad tickets were issued to La Habra. In the fall of 1888 the first train
reached the place ; this did not increase the growth of the town as was expected,
for by that time the great boom of Southern California was over. The hamlet
has had only a conservative growth from the beginning.

The first good building to be erected in Fullerton was the St. George Hotel,
costing $50,000. This was followed by the Wilshire block, costing about $8,000.
It was in this building that the first postoffice was established and the first store
opened. The Chadbourne block, costing $22,000, was the next one of importance,
followed quickly by the Schumacher, Grimshaw and Schindler buildings. The
first church was the Presbyterian, which was erected in 1889.

The streets were all named by the founders of the town. Fullerton remained
a town until 1904, at which time, on January 22, it was incorporated as a city of
the sixth class. In 1920 the assessed valuation of property was $19,558,695. The
town has but small indebtedness and the limits of the city embrace eighteen square
miles. It is one of the best shipping points in Orange County, and is admirably
located for manufacturing industries. It is near the oil fields, which thus guar-
antees a permanent and cheap fuel supply, and has an abundant supply of water.

The warehouse facilities of Fullerton are the best in the county and its pack-
ing houses give employment to a large number of men and women. All the roads
leading to the city are paved. There are two well-capitalized national banks, one
savings bank and one state bank ; the professions are represented by able men in

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 39

law and medicine. There are among its industries of importance the following
besides those already mentioned: Seven orange and two vegetable packing houses,
two grist mills, three lumber yards, three hotels and a number of good boarding
houses. The cit\- maintains a band and two newspapers, the Orange County Dally
Tribune, established in 1889. and the Fullerton News, which was established in
1902. There are si.x churches — the Presbyterian, organized in February, 1888;
the Methodist, December 2, 1888; Baptist, November 12, 18')3 ; Christian, in April,
1903 ; also the Catholic and Christian Science.

The following account of the origin and development of the Fullerton Public
Library was furnished by Aliss Minnie Maxwell, the librarian:

The Fullerton Public Library had its origin in a little reading room that was
established about 1903 by a little group of women led by ]\Irs. Anna T. Dean.
A room over the First National Bank was secured and funds for rent, heat and
light were raised by subscriptions solicited by Mrs. G. W. Sherwood and Miss
Anna McDermont. Magazines, newspapers and books were freely donated by
citizens, and the room soon became a popular place. \'olunteer attendants cared
for the room and lent books to patrons.

In 1903, realizing the advantages to the city of .such an institution, the city
trustees took up the matter of securing funds to build a public library, and applica-
tion was made to Andrew Carnegie. In order to comply with the requirements,
the city purchased a lot on the corner of Wilshire and Pomona avenues, and also
appointed a committee to secure subscriptions amounting to $1,000 for the pur-
chase of books. The committee appointed consisted of ]\Iiss Anna r^IcDermont,
Mrs. G. W. Sherwood, Mrs. Otto des Granges and IMrs. Wni. Schulte. The
money was subscribed and a gift of $10,000 was secured from the Carnegie Cor-
poration. The board of library trustees, acting at the time of the construction of
the library building, was made up of J. C. Braly, president; W. \\'. Kerr, secre-
tar\- ; D. R. Collings, Prof. .\. L. \'incent and Meredith Conway.

Early in 1907 work was begun on the building, which was comjileted and
ready for use by December, 1907. Miss Minnie Maxwell was elected as the first
librarian, and began her work in September, 1907. By the time the new building
was completed about 1,000 volumes were ready to place on the shelves. From the
beginning the books added to the library have been classified and catalogued
according to the most approved methods, making the contents of the library
readily accessible to the users. The collection of books has grown steadily until
now (1919) there are about 7,000 volumes, besides valuable files of magazines,
newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

The library serves not only the people of the city of Fullerton, but gives free
service to the people of the surrounding country and the neighboring towns as
well. The present building is inadequate for the needs of the rapidly growing
city, and a new addition or an entirely new building is necessary in the near future.
The board of trustees of the library is as follows. Dr. F. J. Gobar, president:
M. W. Daniels, secretary ; Mrs. G. \\'. Sherwood. Anna ]\IcDermont, S. J. Lillie.

November 12, 1902, a hospital association was incorporated and this has been
in oi^eration ever since, maintaining a reputation for having a thorough er|U!]-)ment
and efficient service.

The city has one union high school, organized in 1893. and in l'^06-07 a new
building was erected, costing about $30,000. This was totally destroyed by fire
in 1910. A new site was jiurchased and more and better buildings were erected,
as may be seen in the chapter on Orange County's Schools. On August 12, 1908,
Fullerton organized a fire department. It has a paid service and is modernly
equipped. Fullerton has an active Board of Trade, which has done more than
any other agency to advertise the city and its surroundings, and to beautify them
as well. It was organized in 1901 and now has 130 members. It has a Masonic
Lodge, which was organized in October. 1900; the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows was instituted in March. 1901 ; the Independent Order of Foresters in

60 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

September, 1897 ; Fraternal Brotherhood in August, 1899 ; Fraternal Aid in 1893 ;
also Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen of America, Woodmen of the World,
Eastern Star, P. E. O. and Rebekahs. It has also a Woman's Club, which is affili-
ated with the state federation. This organization has wielded a strong influence
in the social and civic work in the city. The Ebell Club is also a dominant factor
in the city's life.

Following are the city officers as they stood after the election and appoint-
ments in 1920: Board of trustees, W. F. Coulter, president; L. F. Drake, R.
A. Marsden, R. R. Davis, Robert Strain ; clerk, F. C. Hezmalhalch ; treasurer,
Fred Fuller ; recorder, W' illiam French ; attorney, Albert Launer ; engineer, George
Wells ; street superintendent, A. G. Barnes ; water and sewer superintendent,
Geo. Witty ; marshal, Vernon Myers ; health officer. Dr. J. H. Lang ; park superin-
tendent. T. G. Seupelt: board of health, J. H. Lang, M. D., health officer; E. T.
Hall, M."D.. G. C. Clark, M. D., G. ^\'. Finch, :\Irs. Carrie Ford; community
nurse, 'Sla.y Pierce.

Fullerton nestles in the center of orange and walnut groves and is distant
but ten miles from Santa Ana, the county seat. The city is made up of com-
fortable homes and is surrounded with very fine land suitable for growing almost
anything put into it. The people are generous and hospitable and anxious to pro-
mote the general welfare in any way that will serve the interests of all.

During the year 1919, the city of Fullerton issued 188 building permits, whose
total value was $528,609. I. H. Dysinger, building inspector, says the actual
value of the improvements is greater than the amount indicated by the permits ;
but that is the case generally in all the cities.

Recent building operations include the Fullerton Improvement Company's
building at Spadra and Amerige, erected at a cost of $55,000, and a later one at
Spadra and Wilshire costing $62,000. This latter building houses the temporary
city hall and the Rialto theater, the latter being one of the classiest playhouses in
the state. The ^Masons have bought ground at Spadra and Chapman for a $60,000
temple; the Christian Scientists have built a $26,000 church, and the Ebell Club
plans to erect a $40,000 club house.

CHAPTER VII

THE CITY OF HUNTINGTON BEACH
Supplemented by Charles R. Nutt

In the spring of 1904, the name of a little village known as Pacific City
was changed to Huntington Beach, and the townsite was acquired by the Hunting-
ton Beach Company, a corporation with its principal offices at Los Angeles, from
a syndicate of Long Beach and Santa Ana men who were owners of Pacific
City. On July 4, 1904, the first electric car from Los Angeles reached Hunt-
ington Beach.

In addition to purchasing the holdings of the Pacific City syndicate, the Hunt-
ington Beach Company bought large acreage sites which they included in the
limits of the new city, dividing it into lots 25x117^ feet, laid many miles of
cement pavement, built a water and an electric lighting system, installed a tele-
phone system and made many other municipal improvements which added greatly
to the value of their holdings.

At that time there were only three houses on what is now Main Street, and
about twenty homes in the town. The grammar school building was also com-
pleted in the summer of 1904.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTV 61

In the spring of the above mentioned year a meeting was held in a Main
Street building by a Union Sunday school, and in the following year a church
of the Methodist denomination was organized and services were held in the
present bank building, in the room now used as a city hall. In INIarch, 1906,
the newly organized church secured a church building, locating it at the
corner of Seventh Street and Magnolia Avenue, where it still stands. In the
cpring of the same jear the present Baptist Church was erected and an organiza-
tion of the Christian Church was formed about the same time. In 1908 the last
named denomination built the church which it now uses on Eighth Street.

In 1906 the Southern California Methodist Association, which had been
holding its annual sessions at Long Beach, built in Huntington Beach the com-
modious auditorium which it has ever since used for its annual camp meetings
and sessions of the Epvvorth League.

Early in the year 1904 a bank was organized by business men residing chiefly
at Long Beach and called the Huntington Beach Bank. A year later its name
was changed, having been reorganized under the national banking laws and it
was called, as it still is, the First National Bank of Huntington Beach. A savings
bank was also formed in connection with it and called the Savings Bank of Hunt-
ington Beach, and the present quarters of the two banks were built in 1905 and
have been occupied continuously by them ever since. The stock of both institu-
tions is now owned by local men. In the year 1905 two lumber companies were
formed to do business in the city, one the Starr and the other the San Pedro
Lumber Company; the latter afterwards buying the former and continuing in
business to the present time.

Other business enterprises wdiich came to Iluntington Beach in the early
years of its existence were the Anthracite Peat Fuel Company in 1905, the La
Bolsa Tile factory, the Raine Tile Company, the Huntington Beach Canner}-
(which put up a substantial canning plant and flourished until 1908) ; the Hunting-
ton Beach Tent City Company (composed of local business men, which has
enjoyed a fairly successful career), and various mercantile establishments. The
Tent City Company each summer puts up and rents a large number of tents to
those attending the Methodist c^mp meetings, the Grand Army encampments and
other conventions and meetings for which Huntington Beach is fast becoming
popular.

Huntington Beach was incorporated in February. l'-'09, as a city of the si.xth
class. Its area is about 2.77 square miles. Its assessed valuation in 1920 was
$1,02,^,635, with a tax rate of $1.50, which includes special taxes for library,
music. ]iromotion and sinking fund. The bonded indebtedness is $104,750.00.
The postoffice receipts in 1913 were $5,625.52, and in 1918 were $7,867.40, an
increase of 39.8 per cent in five years. Milage delivery was established in
September, 1917. The present population is 1,687.

The following denominations have each a church in the city : Methodist
Episcopal, Baptist, Christian, Catholic, Church of Christ, and Christian Science.
The Southern California iMethodist Association maintains an auditorium here with
a seating capacity of over 2,000, where the Methodists hold their annual cam])
meetings, and which is also used by other organizations, such as the Southern
California X'eterans" Association, Epworlh League, Church of Latter Day Saints,
etc., for their annual outings.

The elementary school district has a very moilern and up-to-date school build-
ing, erected in 1915 at a cost of approximately $75,000, employs thirteen teachers
and has an enrollment of 300 pupils. The L^nion high school employs nine teachers
and has an enrollment of 115 pupils. It has a well-equipped manual arts building
and teaches domestic science in all its branches in addition to the regular training
for college or business. Much attention is also paid to agriculture in the course
of study.

62 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTV

The public library, housed in a Carnegie building and supported by the cit)',
has over 6,000 bound volumes on its shelves and man)- of the leading magazines
and other publications on its tables. A weekly newspaper was established almost
with the birth of the city, and has been published without intermission ever since,
increasing in importance with the city's growth.

Huntington Beach has been selected as a suitable place for the location of a
number of important industries, among which may be mentioned the following:
Holly Sugar Factory with an annual output worth $2,225,000 : Beach Broom
Factory, output worth $40,000; Pacific Linoleum and Oilcloth Factory, output
worth $2.50,000 ; Pearse Cannery, output worth $8,000 ; Huntington Beach Nur-
series, output worth $4,000. The city has exported approximately 625 carloads
of sugar and 325 carloads of beans, besides other protlucts in less than carload lots.

The total length of paved streets in the city aggregates 16.85 miles with about
fourteen miles of oiled streets. Approximately fifty-eight miles of cement side-
walks have been laid. The length of the sewers, including laterals, is seven and
a half miles. The trunk lines, septic tank and outfall cost $35,000; extension to
main and construction of laterals, under district assessment, cost $29,158.

The municipality owns the gas distributing system, which includes about
twenty miles of mains and laterals. It has, 500 patrons consuming about 75.000
cubic feet of gas daily ; the gas is the natural article purchased from the Southern
Counties Gas Company.

The city has four parks of moderate size aggregating about eleven and a half
acres. It also has a pleasure pier constructed of reinforceil concrete at a cost
of about $60,000.

Following are the present city officers : Board of trustees, Ed. Manning,
president ; Richard Drew, C. J. .Andrews, R. L. Obarr, Albert Onson ; clerk,
Chas. R. Nutt ; treasurer. C. E. Lavering ; attorney, L. W. Elodget ; recorder, C.
W. Warner; engineer. C. R. Sumner; superintendent gas and sewers, F. L.
Snyder ; marshal and superintendent streets, Geo. M. Taylor.

The city has a chamber of commerce with about sevent}' wide-awake mem-
bers. The Free and Accepted Masons have a good healthy lodge, and the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows have a good membership and fairly good attend-
ance. The Order of Eastern Star and the Rebekah lodges are reported to be very
much alive. There is but one labor organization. The American Federation of
Musicians, affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. There are two
fraternal insurance lodges, the most active of which is the Modern Woodmen,
although the Woodmen of the World has some membership.

The municipality gives aid to and partially supports a brass band under the
direction of C. H. Endicott, more generally known as "Pop," who is a thorough
musician and very active in every good work for the advancement of the com-
munity and the county. The Huntington Beach Municipal Band under his leader-
ship has become a ver\- creditable organization and a veritable booster for the
county.

Surrounded by a rich agricultural section, supplemented by the beach as a
summer attraction, Fluntinytun 1 leach will not only maintain its place in the
struggle for existence, but it will forge ahead of some of its less favored com-
petitors and become one of Orange County's important cities.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COl'XTV 63

CHAPTER VIll

THE CITY OF NEWPORT BEACH
Supplemented by George P. Wilson

When the final history of California shall have hcen written Xewport I'.each
will be counted as one of the most thriving of her coast towns. Not only is its
location beautiful from a scenic point of view, but better still it has a more abiding
attraction in its admirable location from a commercial standpoint. Located upon
the body of water from which it takes its name, Xewport Bay, which is the largest
body of water between San Francisco and San Diego, it had been the habit of
vessels of other days to make port here because it was possible to cross the bar
on high tide, unload and reload the vessels in still waters, not on piers constructed
for the purpose, but upon the solid ground of the mainland. Inasmuch as the
Pacific Coast is not sufficiently equipped with ports of entry and as Newport Bay
oflfers unsurpassed natural advantages, it is the earnest hope of citizens of the
town located upon its borders that the Government, which needs for the carrying
on of its own business every available port on this coast, will unite with the
citizens of Orange County in perfecting one of the most important harbors on
America's western coast. This hope is strengthened by the fact that comparatively
speaking the improvement could be accomplished at small cost. Xewport Bay is
a perfectly land-locked body of water, covering eight square miles, and the union
of Nature's efforts with modern engineering coidd easily ci invert this into one of
the best ports in the world.

Appeals to the Federal Government have thus far brought no material assist-
ance, although the inspecting engineers and visiting statesmen all speak favorabh'
of the natural advantages of the bay for harbor purposes. The Hon. Josephus
Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, in his recent trip through the county, gave strong
encouragement for Federal aid. Some time ago the people of Newport Beach
bonded their city for $100,000 to start the improvement. The good results from
that outlay were so apparent that they were encouraged to solicit aid from the
county. An election was called for June 10. 1919, to vote county bonds in the
sum of $500,000 for the development of the harbor. The result of that election
was: Bonds, yes 6.077; bonds, no 2,^72. These bonds sold at a premium of
$11,887. which speaks well for the credit of Orange County.

Not enly will Newport Harbor become the yachting center of the Pacific
Coast, it is expected, but the opening of this safe anchorage will no doubt attract
industrial establishments to this already favorable location. A fish cannery has
been built which will employ about fifty people and it is quite probable that this
will lead to the location of other fish canneries on the harbor.

The city of Newport Beach is clustered about the bay and water front so
promiscuously that it is hard to determine its area from the map with any degree
of accuracy ; ho\vever, it seems to occupy from three to three and a half square
miles of territory. The census of 1910 credits Newport Beach with a population
of 445 ; the 1920 census gives the city a population of 898. The assessed valu-
ation of the city for the year 1920 is $1,289,685. The city has one and a half
miles of paved streets and seven miles of oiled streets, fourteen miles of cement
sidewalks and one and one-half miles of board walk, and two pleasure piers.

The present city officers are as follow^s : Board of trustees. J. P. Greele}'.
president; J. J. Schnitker, Art L. Heard. Dr. Conrad Richter, L. S. Wilkinson;
clerk. Alfred Smith: treasurer. Lew H. Wallace; marshal and tax collector, J. .A.
Porter ; attorney, Cl3'de Bishop ; street superintendent, Frank J. Knight ; gas man-
ager, F. L. Rinehart : water superintendent. John McMillan; engineer. Paul E.
Kressley; recorder. Byron Hall: harbor master. A. J. Beek : clerk of harbor com-
mission. Lew H. Wallace.

The following associations maintain organizations in Xew]iort Beach : Metho-
dist Episcopal Church, Bible Institute Chapel, Newport BeacJi Chamber of Com-
merce, Newport Harbor Yacht Club.

64 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

CHAPTER IX

THE CITY OF ORANGE

Supplemented by D. G. Wettlin

Almost in the exact center of the county of Orange may be found the city
of Orange, thirty-one miles southeast of Los Angeles, on the Santa Fe Railroad,
at the junction of the kite-shaped track with the surf line to San Diego. It is
also centrally located on the upper half of the mesa between the foothills and the
Santa Ana River, and is surrounded by a productive, densely populated area con-
taining the communities of ]\IcPherson, El jNIodena, \'illa Park, Olive, West
Orange and Santa Ana, the county seat, all within a radius of four miles.

The following statement, taken from the testimony of A. C Chapman in the
famous water suit between the two sides of the river in 1877, explains the origin
of the city :

"The townsite of Orange was laid off in 1870 or 1S71 by Captain Glassed
and myself. The town of Santa Ana was laid out at the same time. At that time
I went to Santa Ana and there were two or three men there in tents, a ]\Ir.
Spurgeon and two or three others. Santa Ana was not laid off by the same parties
who laid off Orange. I was tlje father of Orange and Spurgeon and Bradford
were the fathers of Santa Ana. Columbus Tustin laid off Tustin and lives there."

The original townsite of Orange contained forty acres of land which was sub-
divided into eight five-acre blocks with twenty lots in each block. Eight lots were
reserved at the center for a public plaza. The town was called Richland, but
later the name was changed to Orange, because there was already one Richland
in the state and the government would not grant a postoffice to another. Additions
have been made to the town from time to time by subdividing the acreage tracts
surrounding the original townsite and naming such additions after the owners. In
that way P. J. Shaft'er, Joseph Beach, N. D. Harwood and others have left their
names to streets or additions to the city.

Building material was an important item in the early days, the lumber in the
first houses being hauled by team from Los Angeles or Wilmington. The resi-
dence of Joseph Beck on Almond Avenue is said to be the oldest house in Orange,
having been built for Captain Glassell's ofiice where the Ainsworth block now
stands. If we mistake not, the building moved to the northwest corner of the
plaza square to make way for the Campbell building, was the first store.

The early settlers were a sturdy band, collected from all parts of the world
for the sake of the cheaper land and the better opportunities afforded by a new
country. Their very hardships and privations brought them closer together,
enabling them to realize the truth of the proverb that "one touch of nature makes
the whole world kin." Previous distinctions of birth, rank and precedence were
forgotten ; individual peculiarities were either ignored or treated with good natured
banter. All met on the common plane of good will and helpfulness.

Inexperience and ignorance are serious handicaps for any individual; but
when a whole community is so aftlicted, with no one qualified to suggest, advise
or instruct, it means a frightful loss of time and energy in finding out by actual
experience what the climate and soil of the new country, very different from that
of the old home, are best adapted to produce and how to bring about the best
results. For instance, Joseph Beach planted one ten-acre tract to four dift'erent
kinds of trees and vines in succession, devoting several years to each before being
convinced that it did not come up to his expectations. After millions of grape-
vines had grown to maturity and a reputation for superior raisins had been estab-
lished, some mysterious disease, which baffled the government experts, destroyed
all the vines. Before there were any quarantine laws, the nurserymen imported
several kinds of insect pests on their stock, which crippled fruit-growing for sev-
eral years and even threatened its extinction ; but finally methods of spraying and

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 65

fumigating were perfected that keep the pests in check. The difficulties of de-
veloping an irrigating system were almost insuperable, to say nothing about the
litigation over the water rights. The soil, which never had been irrigated, was
porous and the squirrels and gophers honeycombed the ditch banks, so that it was
hard to make them hold water. Many an orchard was kept alive by water hauled
in a barrel on a sled. \\'hile all these experiences were being worked out, the
people had to live somehow. Every profession, trade and vocation had its repre-
sentatives in the community ; while all kinds of farming, dairying, poultry raising,
etc., were carried on with different degrees of success. J\lany men found employ-
ment abroad and the women did the outdoor work at home.

Notwithstanding the iiardships and privations of the early days, the educa-
tional, religious and social wants of the community were not neglected. Schools
were established, some of the children coming as far as eight miles on their ponies.
At first religious services were held in the schoolhouse by the different denomi-
nations, with a union Sunday school. People thought nothing of mounting the
high seat of the farm wagon and riding from one to twenty miles to church:
in fact, one old Scotch couple used to walk the latter distance from the Santiago
Canyon to the Presbyterian Church in Orange nearly every Sunday. The Musical
Union was one of the earliest musical organizations, and from that time down to
the present many other organizations, both vocal and instrumental, have furnished
the people with music of a high order. Literary societies were carried on, and
entertainments of various kinds for various purposes were frequent. One of the
best amateur baseball clubs in Southern California, if not in the state, had its
headquarters at Orange.

The esprit dc corps, or spirit of local patriotism, was just as strong in the
early days as now. Nearly every exhibit, of whatever character, from Orange
in competition with others, won a prize, because the people were willing to con-
tribute of their products and labor to make it a success. When the Santa Fe
wanted a right of way through the valley, the citizens of this community donated
one of their streets and $8,000 in money to get the railroad where they wanted
it. A few months later a little diplomatic work secured the junction for Orange
after it had been promised to Santa Ana. Some $1,500 was raised to improve the
plaza, the ladies raising one-third of the amount by the production of an original
play, with local coloring, and other entertaiimients ; a few years ago about $1,000
more was added to provide cement curbs and gravel walks. Bonds were voted
from time to time to build schoolhouses as fast as they were needed, one $7,000
building being destroyed by fire. Most of the present church buildings were
erected in the early days, though some of them have since been enlarged. The
public library had grown to considerable proportions on private subscriptions, en-
tertainments and membership dues before it was turned over to the city. When
!he new county was being formed, in 1889, the Rochester Hotel, which cost over
$50,000, was oft'ered free for a courthouse, and a vigorous but unsuccessful cam-
paign was waged for the county seat. A little later the hotel was bought by the
people, with the assistance of Rev. J. H. Harwood, and turned into the Orange
County Collegiate Institute. After carrying on the school for three years, ]\Ir.
Harwood mortgaged the property to get his money out, and left the city. More
examples of the early hardships might be given ; but perhaps enough have been
mentioned to show something of the difficulties encountered in the settlement of
Orange and the character of the people who overcame those difficulties and made
the later successes of the community possible.

The city of Orange was incorporated April 6, 1888, as a city of the sixth
class, with an area of approximately three square miles and a population of about
600 people. Its location midway between the sea and the mountains gives it almost
an ideal climate the year round. The invigorating sea breezes temper the extreme
heat experienced farther inland, while the damp and chilling atmosphere prevailing
nearer the coast, seldom causes discomfort here. There is scarcely ever sufficient
frost to do any material damage. The soil of this portion of the valley is a samly

66 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

loam, rich and fertile, easily cultivated and adapted to a great variety of products.
Citrus and deciduous fruits, nuts, vegetables and all kinds of farm products are
successfully grown and easily marketed over the many railroads or by ocean
transportation.

The railroad facilities of this section are unsurpassed. The Santa Fe has
stations at Orange and Olive, and the Southern Pacific at West Orange,
Villa Park, McPherson and El JNIodena. The Pacific Electric has recently built
through Orange on its way from Santa Ana to connect with its line from Los
Angeles to Placentia. Its fine new depot is located on the northwest corner of
Chapman Avenue and Lemon Street. On account of the convenient location of
the Santa Fe depot in Orange and the excellent service of that road, it has received
the greater part of the business of this community thus far.

Water for domestic purposes, for lawns and flower gardens and for street
sprinkling, is supplied by the city water system. The city owns its water system,
which consists of three deep wells, two 50,000 gallon tanks on sixty-foot steel
tqwers and a large reservoir, steam engines, air compressors, pumps, etc., with
mains and pipes adequate to supply the growing needs of the city. The water is
abundant and wholesome. Ample fire protection has been provided, including a
fine motor truck, hose and hose carts and hook and ladder equipment, in charge
of a well organized volunteer fire department. Water for irrigation is supplied
from the Santa Ana River by the Santa Ana \"alley Irrigation Company, which
rs described elsewhere. The charges for water in both systems are very moderate
— much below the average.

Notwithstanding its close connection with larger places. Orange is itself a
business center, and has enough stores, shops and offices to supply all the ordinary
wants of the people. These establishments represent almost every business, pro-
fession and trade found anywhere; many of the lines have more than one repre-
sentative in the city. The stores, shops and offices are generally housed in sub-
stantial buildings and modern business blocks, some of which are equal to anything
of the kind in the county. Surrounding this business center are hundreds of
beautiful residences, furnished with all the conveniences and luxuries of the
modern home. The cement sidewalks and well kept streets give easy access to all
parts of the city for pedestrians and every kind of vehicle. There are twelve
miles of streets with cement sidewalk and curb on each side, which improvement
was made at a cost of about $75,000. Two and three-quarter miles of streets in
the business section have been paved with the regular cement asphalt pavement.
Twenty miles in the residence portions have been graded, oiled, wet down, graveled
and rolled, making a smooth, firm roadway, free from dust, at a cost of about
$750 per mile. The city trustees on March 8, 1920, let the following contracts for
street paving according to specifications including five-inch thickness: To B. R.
Ford, on Collins Avenue, .78 miles or 4,145.97 feet long by 8 feet wide at 21 vj
cents per square foot, amounting to $7,131.06; to H. E. Cox, on Tustin Street, .98
miles or 5,197 feet long bv 16 feet wide at 21 cents per square foot plus $618 for
culverts, $18,079.92; to H. E. Cox, on N. Glassell Street, .12 miles or 630.26 feet
long by 44 feet wide and .37 miles or 1,982 feet long by 20 feet wide at 21 cents
per square foot, $14,148. Total 2.25 miles at a cost of $39,358.98. This leaves
only one mile of unsurfaced dirt road in the city. About nine years ago a good
sewer system was installed, consisting of septic tanks, two and a half miles of
outfall and several miles of laterals reaching all the thickly settled portions of
the city.

A contract was awarded to Joseph A. Lieb on November 21, 1919, to erect
117 concrete electric light posts with single lamps complete in the business center
and principal streets of Orange for the sum of $18,000. Bonds were voted on
February 24, 1920, to the amount of $80,000 for a city hall ; also to the amount
of $12,000 for an additional city well.

According to the LTnited States census the population of the city of Orange
in 1890, two years after its incorporation, was 866; ten years later, in 1900, it

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 67

was 1,216; and in 1910 it was 2,920, having more than doubled in that decade.
The 1920 census gives a population of 4,884. Besides this good number in the
city itself, the territory surrounding Orange, and tributary to it, is thickly settled,
adding strength and support to the schools, churches and other institutions of
the city.

The elementary schools, which take the children through ihc eighth grade,
.'hereby fitting them to enter the high school, are housed in two substantial eight-
room buildings and one larger intermediate building, with all the necessary con-
veniences, which with the grounds are worth over $100,000. The Orange L'nion
high school district includes the elementary school districts of Orange, El Modena,
Villa Park and Olive. The four high school buildings, which are located in
Orange, are among the most commodious and tasteful buildings in the state, con-
sidering their cost, which was over $100,000, including the furnishings and six
acres of grounds. The St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church supports a large
parochial school at Orange, to teach the children the tenets of the church and
to give them correct instruction in the use of their mother tongue, the German
language. The school occupies two buildings valued at over $9,000.

There are nine religious denominations that are maintaining regular services
in Orange, each having its own house of worship. These church edifices range
in value from $1,000 to $50,000, including the furnishings and grounds. Lodges —
or other titles — of nearly every known organization, benevolent, educational, fra-
ternal, industrial, patriotic and social, have been instituted here and are well
supported. The Orange Public Library, containing several thousand well-selected
books, besides current papers and periodicals, is housed in a $10,000 Carnegie
building, the grounds and furnishings for which cost about $2,500 additional,
^liss Charlotte Field is the competent librarian and is assisted by her mother, ;\lrs.
Anna C. Field, who had charge of the library for many years.

The oiificers of the city at the present time are as follows : Board of trustees,
Elmer D. Hayward, president ; F. E. Hallman, W. T. Walton, O. E. Gunther, L.
W. Hemphill ; clerk and assessor, D. G. Wettlin ; treasurer, Bessie Wilkins : attor-
ney, L. F. Coburn; recorder, H. L. Dearing ; water rate collector, Florence Reavis :
marshal and tax collector, H. S. Warner ; night marshal, C. W. Pulley ; water
superintendent, W. J. Richardson; health officer. Dr. F. L. Chapline; gardener,
C. F. Saner; fire chief, A. L. Tomblin ; fire truck drivers, Wm. Vickers and D. C.
Squires ; street superintendent and general inspector, G. W. liuchanan ; board of
health, Dr. F. L. Chapline, G. W. Whitsell, Perry \'. Grout, F. A. Grote, C. C.
Bonebrake.

The Edison Electric Company supplies electricity for light and power ; the
])rincipal streets, all of the business houses and most of the private residences arc
thus lighted, while practically all the manufacturing and repair shops use electric
power. The Southern Counties' Gas Company furnishes gas for light and fuel.
The city is provided with excellent mail, express, telegraph and telephone service.

Orange made commendable progress in 1919 with quite a number of new
residences, a few new business buildings, and .several fruit packing houses, the
building cost totaling more than $100,000. The headquarters of the Orange
County Fruit Exchange are in Orange, as well as several independent buyers.
Following are some of the more expensive buildings recently erected in the city,
as shown by the building permits : The Santiago Orange Growers' Association
packing house, $52,290; Orange Union High School garage and machine shop,
$7,000; A. H. Pease, packing hou.se, $6,000; A. H. Pease, another packing house,
$6,000; N. T. Edwards, addition to offices, $2,000; Santa .Ana \'alley Irrigation
Company, garage, $2,200; George H. Pirie, remodeling building, $3,200; A. H.
Pease, addition to packing hou.se, $4,000; F. H. Kredel, business block, $7,000:
H. W. Duker. dwelling and barn, $6,500; J. Mclnnes, packing house. $7,000.

One of the first acts of the first board of trustees was to forbid the sale of
intoxicating liquors as a beverage in the city, and this opposition to saloons has
been maintained from the incorporation of the city down to the present time.

68 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Thus the city of Orange, with much that is good and little that is evil in its make-
up, attracts and retains the best class of people for citizens.

Financial Resources of Orange District

There are two strong national banks and two savings banks in the city of
Orange, and to these may be added the Orange Building & Loan Association and
the First National Bank of Olive in estimating the financial resources of the
district. All of these institutions by their liberal assistance, carefully administered,
have done much toward the advancement of the best interests of the communit)-.
The large amount of deposits in each, in proportion to the size of the community,
shows the confidence the people have in their stability.

The deposits in the National Bank of Orange, June 30, 1920, were $1,545,-
343.27, and in the Orange Savings Bank, affiliated with it, $863,572.06, making
a total in these two banks of $2,408,915.33. The deposits in the First National
Bank of Orange on the same date were $840,514.37, and in the Security Savings
Bank, affiliated with it, $736,982.43, making a total in these two banks of $1,577,-
496.80. The Orange Building & Loan Association has deposits of $745,358.84
and the First National Bank of Olive, $169,436.51, making a total of $4,897,207.48
for the Orange district, a comfortable balance for the community after having
invested considerably over a million dollars in the five Liberty Bond issues, to
say nothing of War Savings Stamps and all the contributions to the various
relief funds.

CHAPTER X

THE CITY OF SANTA ANA
By Linn L. Shaw

A history of Santa Ana, the county seat and principal city of Orange County,
would be incomplete and lacking in real historic value, did it not embody the tales
of the struggles and achievements of its pioneers — the men who, backing their
foresight with their limited capital, their energy and toil, selected its site in the
wilderness of mustard and cactus and made its future development possible. x'Ks
this volume contains interesting biographical sketches of nearly all these men,
wherein much is related concerning the early history of Santa Ana, the attention
of the reader is directed to them in conjunction with this article, particularly to
the life stories of W. H. Spurgeon, James JMcFadden, Samuel Ross, Granville
Spurgeon, Noah Palmer and D. Halladay. And we would also refer to the sepa-
rate article on the public library, which contains much of interest of the early
days of our municipality.

Santa Ana was founded as a settlement in October, 1869, by Hon. William
H. Spurgeon, who from that incident and from the fact that during all the years
of his activity he was a leading factor in its development, is fairly entitled
lo the distinctive title of the "father of the town," which he has always
borne. The original townsite as platted by Mr. Spurgeon, and surveyed by
George Wright, was recorded December 13, 1870, and consisted of but twenty-
four blocks ; bounded on the north by Seventh Street, on the south by First Street,
on the east by Spurgeon and on the west by West Street, or what is now officially
named Broadway. Prior to this date, however, I\Ir. Spurgeon built his plain red-
wood store, at the corner of Fourth and West streets, and the English home had
been erected on the east side of Sycamore Street, between Second and Third,
where it still remains and is being used as a blacksmith shop. December 18, 1870,
is an important date in the town's history, for upon that day the first child was
born within its borders — Lloyd Hill, a son of Jasper C. and Maria Hill.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 69

That others than Mr. Spurgeon were attracted by news of the rich, cheap
lands of this section is attested by the record that in December in 1869 a sufficient
number of settlers had arrived to organize a school district, known as Spring.
And as usual the little American schoolhouse blazed the way for patriotic citizen-
ship — only in this instance the schoolhouse was not "red," but a rough board
affair without desks or blackboards, and provided only with long, hard benches.
Miss Annie Cozad was the first teacher and deserves a place in the history with
our local pioneers.

At this time Santa Ana was three miles off the main traveled stage road
between Los Angeles and San Diego, which crossed the Santa .\na River north of
where the city of Orange now stands, at a ford designated the "Rodriguez Cross-
ing," and continued southeasterly through Tustin, where a settlement alreadv
existed. AMth characteristic energy Mr. Spurgeon induced the stage company to
change its route to Santa Ana, and thereby secured a postoffice for the new town
in 1870. He was appointed postmaster at the munificent salary of $1 a month.
The first postoffice consisted of a wooden shoe box, with partitions to separate the
mail of the settlers. He also cut a road through the mustard connecting the new
town with the Anaheim road, with the view to making it as accessible as possible
to settlers and homeseekers. Town lots were placed on the mark-et at ridiculously
low prices and in many instances donated outright where immediate improvements
were agreed upon. The little hamlet thus struggled on for several years, slowlv
adding to its population and advantages, and receiving the benefit of a general
development of the rich, damp lands to the south and west, to which had alreadv
been applied the facetious title of the "Gospel Swamp," a term which has almost
been forgotten in the rapid march of progress. Good, pure water was easily
obtainable, and in June, 1873, Mr. Spurgeon established a plentiful supply with
an eleven-inch well, sunk to a depth of 340 feet, with a large elevated tank for
a reservoir.

The Wells-Fargo Express Company opened an office at Santa Ana in July,
1874, and the following year marked a new era of activity for the town. Just
preceding this period D. M. Dorman built the Santa Ana Hotel, a really "fine
structure for those days, at the corner of Fourth and ]\Iain streets, on the present
site of the First National Bank. This old building is now located at the corner
of Fruit and G streets. From 1873 the growth of the town gained momentum.
The ]\Iasonic brethren of the community organized Santa Ana Lodge, No. 241.
F. & A. M., which was instituted on October 1 of that year, the Odd Fellows
immediately following with Santa Lodge, No. 236, on the thirtieth of the same
month. The year 1877 marked the erection of the first brick building of Santa
Ana, which was built by j\Ir. Dodge, near the corner of Fourth and Bush streets.

Early in the spring of 1877 the Southern Pacific completed its line to Santa
Ana, from Anaheim, which for two years had been its terminus, placing its depot
at Fruit Street. The fare to Los Angeles was two dollars, and twice that amount
for the round trip, which restricted the journeys of our people and caused a good
deal of dissatisfaction. Complaint was not confined to the exorbitant fare, but the
character of the service was also bitterly condemned, as it was furnished entirely
with mixed trains and three hours was the usual running time each way. While
these complaints were apparently justified, yet the great advantage of the railroa<l
was at once manifested.

With the advent of the railroad a rival townsite, called Santa .\na East, was
platted and was expected by its promoters to attract all the business houses of the
town. The streets of this new townsite ran diagonally, parallel, and at right
angles with the railroad track, which entered the town on an angle almost due
southeast. The lots were all twenty-five foot fronts, designed for business pur-
poses, and the site extended from the railroad to French Street, including D, E,
F, G and H streets, with the cross thoroughfares from ^^'ellington Avenue to
Fruit Street. The venture was a total failure so far as any eft'ect on the business
center was concerned, which has always remained practically as outlined bv the

70 HISTORY OF ORAX'GE COUNTY

founder of the city, never varying more than a block or two in the swing of the
commercial pendulum.

A strong temperance sentiment in the village was indicated by the organ-
ization of a large lodge of Good Templars January 19, 1878. The last of what
might be termed the pioneer lodges was that of the A. O. U. \\'., which came into
legal existence February 27, 1879. During the month of JNIarch of this same year
Dr. J- G. Bailey began the erection of a brick block, at the corner of Third and
West streets, where it still stands. Many new dwellings now marked the site
where ten years before an absolute waste prevailed : several business houses sup-
plied the commercial wants of the people, and with its railroad, postoffice, news-
paper, express office and hotel, the inhabitants of the young city were justified
in anticipating a prosperous future. Already a bitter rivalry had developed be-
tween this lusty new aspirant for municipal distinction and the older town of Ana-
heim, which, established as it was in 1857, had held undisputed supremacy of the
valley in this regard for twenty years.

The census of 1880 was anxiously awaited by both towns, and when the
figures were finally received, showed the following population for the two
localities :

Anaheim -township 1.469 Anaheim town 833

Santa Ana township 3,024 Santa Ana town 711

Such a condition could have but one result. Santa Ana, having the advantage
of by far the most populous contiguous territory, soon forged ahead of its rival
and as early as 1882 became the chief town of the valley, a position which it has
always maintained. Just at this time, however, occurred the most discouraging
calamity of its career. The people of Santa Ana had for several years been dis-
cussing the need of a bank and in December, 1881, B. F. Seibert, a prominent
citizen of Anaheim, opened a general banking house in the new Gildmacher block,
which had just been completed at the corner of Fourth and West streets. Flis
venture was met with enthusiasm and the entire confidence of the community,
which was eloquently illustrated by the fact that his first day's deposits amounted
to $28,000. Mr. Seibert immediately became the moving financial spirit of the
town. He negotiated for business property, residences and ranch lands, inaugu-
rated a movement for a fine new hotel building and exhibited a most inspiring
and inexhaustible spirit of enterprise generally. His bank steadily grew in popu-
larity and importance until, on the fateful day of August 16, 1882, the citizens
were almost paralyzed by the news that it had failed to open its doors, behind
which $130,000 of their good money was supposed to have been safely entrenched.
Practically all the ready money of the town had passed into the hungry maw of
this unscrupulous swindler, and, as the truth of the apiialling situation became
imderstood, the temporary apathy of despair overcame the hitherto bustling little
city. Business was generally suspended and the bank failure and its probable
outcome monopolized the conversation of anxious throngs everywhere. Seibert
had discreetly vanished, and in this precaution he evinced his old-time shrewdness,
for had the outraged populace been able to lay their hands upon him at this hour
the most drastic measures would, no doubt, have been resorted to.

The general impression was that Seibert's affairs were a complete failure,
but Messrs. C. F. Mansur and Charles ^^'ilcox, who were appointed receivers of
the defunct bank, held the securities which came into their possession until ad-
vantageous sales were made and were finally able, after a period of many months
of trying circumstances, to clear up the aflfair with a total payment of seventy
cents on the dollar.

A few weeks prior to Seibert's failure a new bank, called the Commercial,
was opened on Fourth Street, near Main, being financed chiefly by Noah Palmer
and Daniel Halladay. This institution being perfectly sound and conducted on
alisolutely safe and conservative lines, assisted materially in restoring the financial
conditions of the town to a normal basis, though naturally suffering temporarily
from the general lack of confidence resulting from the previous disaster. In spite

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COL'XTV 71

of the retarding influence of that overwhehning loss, the tales of the wonderful
fertility of this new region served to bring new settlers and new money into the
town and its surrounding country, and improvements followed each other with
such rapidity that a genuine boom was soon in full progress.

Sycamore hall, which for some time had been used for dances and general
jniblic gatherings, was arranged for a primitive theater in May, 1881, and two
rival but enterprising citizens ]mt on the first street sprinkling wagons the same
month. The Stafford block had been built the year previous and the year 1882
was made notable by the erection of the pretentious Spurgeon block, a large
two-story brick at the corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets ; the Commercial
Bank building, at Fourth and ]\lain streets: the Dibble, Titchenal, Layman and
\ anderlip blocks, all two stories, and the Hollingsworth block, a one-story brick
structure. No less than forty good residences were erected during the year. At
this period there were eighty business houses in the town, and the religious element
was represented by five churches : the South ^Methodist. Presbyterian, Baptist,
North Methodist and the German Evangelical. The citizens were proud of their
"large new two-story school house," which by the way was later condemned and
sold by the school board, moved further north on Sycamore Street and remodeled
for a lodging house.

IMany wooden structures of more or less importance now housed commercial
enterprises of various sorts all along Fourth Street, the principal thoroughfare:
real estate agents were eagerly showing and selling ranch lands and town property
and the Griffith Lumber Company was taxed to its utmost to supply the demands
of the busy contractors. In 1883 Mr. Spurgeon's water system had a storage
ca]3acity of 20,000 gallons of pure artesian water, pumped from two deep wells,
and the taxable wealth of the town had reached the very respectable sum of
S.^Q7.785. The first fire-fighting apparatus, a chemical engine, was purchased in
December of that year, the money being raised by popular subscription.

During the summer of 1884 a handsome new hotel, the Taylor House, a large
two-story wooden building, was erected at the corner of Fourth and French
streets : and the west end of town received another important building in the D.
Gildmacher block, on the north side of Fourth Street, between West and Birch.
The winter and spring preceding marked the heaviest rainfall ever recorded in
the history of the city, the total precipitation for 1883-84 reaching over thirty-six
inches. Early in February, prior to which time the rainfall had been rather less
than the average, a season of flood began. All streams were transformed into
raging torrents, and as there were no wagon bridges, soon became impas.sable.
Railroad traffic was suspended altogether February 16, when the bridges over
both the Santa Ana River and Santiago Creek were practically destroyed and
several miles of track beyond washed out. Away to the west and south for miles
the country resembled an inland sea, and a rowboat, launched by some courageous
citizens at the western edge of town, voyaged into the Newport district, where
it was reported that human lives were in danger. These men did take several
parties out of the flooded district, but found no one in imminent peril. Mucli
property was destroyed by this flood, a few families being rendered almost desti-
tute, but such instances were readily cared for by the warm-hearted people of
the valley.

Train service to Santa Ana was not resumed until March 2f>, and was inter-
rupted several times after that by freshets. Mail, provisions, etc., had been brought
in with great hardship intermittently during the period of isolation, and while
SU])plies were often at a low ebb, there was never any suffering. As late as Jmie.
1884. the Santa Ana River was described as being one-third of a mile wide and
even in August a sudden rise of two feet in the turbulent stream, caused by the
melting snows in the mountains, washed out the dam of the irrigation company
at the headworks of their system. Wells of all depths were flowing that summer
and water was the cheapest thing in use. Authentic history of the valley records
only one similar season to this — that of 1861-62, when it rained almost contin-

71 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

uously from December 24 to April 9, and the precipitation must have been
measured in feet, if at all.

During all these years Santa Ana had existed merely as a village, under
control of the county of Los Angeles. Sentiment for incorporation as "a city of
the si-xth class" had been growing steadily and on June 1, 1886, at which time
the population of Santa Ana was about 2,000, an election was held to determine
whether the town should assume the responsibility of separate municipal govern-
nient. The advocates for corporation carried the day by forty-four majority and
the following gentlemen were elected as the first officers of the city: Trustees,
W. H. Spurgeon, J. R. Porter, T. J. Harlin, John Avas and A. Snyder; clerk,
Samuel Wilson ; treasurer, G. J. Mosbaugh ; marshal, Charles H. Peters. The new
board of trustees met June 21 and organized by electing j\Ir. Spurgeon as its
chairman. A few weeks later J. W. Turner was appointed town attorney ; C. W.
Humphreys town recorder, and Adam Foster chief of the fire department.

At this period the "boom" was rapidly approaching the zenith of its spec-
tacular existence. People were pouring into Southern California from all parts
of the country and the abnormal and unfounded demand for real property of all
descriptions had developed into a mania. Matters of location and price were not
considered and town lots several miles from a railroad, with absolutely nothing
to recommend them for such a purpose, sold readily at really enormous prices.
The unbridled frenzy of speculation was rampant all over Southern California, and
the young city of Santa Ana was soon enveloped within its dazzling folds.

This fact, coupled with the natural desire to improve the town as rapidly as
possible, placed upon its newly organized government a heavy load of business
and responsibility. On August 11, 1886, the trustees granted to M. G. Elmore
a franchise to lay gas mains through the streets and alleys of the town, and a
week later decided to purchase twelve street lamps from Mr. Elmore to be used
on Fourth Street on alternate corners from Mortimer to Olive. On this same
date steps were taken for the organization and maintenance of a fire department,
the southeast room in the Spurgeon block was rented for a city hall and the
Herald was designated as the first official paper. A communication was also
received from C. W. Humphreys asking for a franchise to build and operate the
Santa Ana, Orange and Tustin Street Railway, which was later granted. This was
the first street railway in the town and was operated for several years with horses,
finally being discontinued after heav}' financial losses. The line to Tustin was
removed entirely, but the one to Orange was continued through subsidies on the
part of the merchants for several years, when it was sold to the Pacific Electric
Company and still remains a part of that system.

The First National Bank was organized in ]\Iay. 1886, and in September the
Pacific A\'eekly Blade, a Republican paper, was started by -A.. J. Waterhouse and
Walter F. X. Parker. Business blocks and residences were in process of con-
struction everywhere and any man who could run a saw or swing a hammer found
ready employment as a carpenter. Acreage adjoining the city was snapped up
by speculators and subdivided into town lots which were sold with a rush, either
through the usual office methods or by auctions. "South Santa .Ana," where
enterprising farmers are now raising sugar beets, threatened for a time, at this
period, to become a world-famed metropolis.

If anything further was needed to complete the utter speculative abandon
with which the people were now possessed it was supplied in the advent of the
great Santa Fe system, which built into Santa Ana in 1887 and on to San Diego.
Being now furnished with two great competing railroads, both of which wer.c
daily bringing new people by the score into the new city, all doubts as to the
future were dispelled. Realty values climbed higher with each setting sun and
dreams of opulence became the nightly portions of dozens of men who, with a
little property, deemed themselves poor a couple of years before.

Perhaps the most notable of all the boom-time operators were the men com-
posing the "Fairview Development Company," who purchased several hundred

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 7i

acres on the mesa eight miles southwest of Santa Ana and proceeded to build a
city of their own. They constructed a railroad from Santa Ana to this town of
Fairview, sold lots by the hundred, erected quite a number of good buildings
there, started a newspaper, established a hotel and bath house, which was made
locally famous on account of the warm sulphur water which they had procured
from a deep artesian well, and it is said, held an option on every piece of property
between the two places.

Everywhere the same spirit manifested by this company prevailed, and -in
many instances their methods were imitated so far as resources and ability per-
mitted — the resources often consisting very largely of credit acquired through
matchless nerve and balmy influence. Conservatism was roughly jostled aside or
trampled under foot, and day by day the boom ascended the smooth pathway of
plausible hope and apparently tangible prosperity until, reaching the summit of
human credulity, it began to weaken ; siowdy at first, but with ever-increasing
impetus until in 1889 the whole structure collapsed, leaving the fair face of
Southern California strewn with pitiful wrecks of erstwhile handsome fortunes.

It was almost impossible to place a fair value on any piece of realty, par-
ticularly town property, in the general slump which followed and Santa Ana
suffered heavily in the reverses. However, in spite of the undeniable ruin meted
out to veritable armies of investors during this spectacular period of California
history, the fact remains that much permanent good resulted to Santa Ana after
all, for during these years it had been transformed from a village to a modern
young city of importance. The Brunswick Hotel, First National Bank building.
Opera House block and Richelieu Hotel — all three-story structures — besides a
large number of good two-story brick buildings, were erected during the boom,
as well as hundreds of residences, all of which, of course, remained and formed
a solid nucleus upon which to resume the building up of the city later on.

Once more the boundless resources of the fertile valley were appreciated,
perhaps as never before : and while the collapse of the boom struck hard at the
financial strength of all Southern California cities, Santa Ana, by reason of its
splendid agricultural backing, was able to weather the reverses with but little
harm as far as its municipal standing was concerned.

About this time (in the year 1888) an important commercial enterprise known
as the Newport Wharf & Lumber Company was organized, being the outgrowth
of the transportation business which had been conducted by James and Robert
McFadden since 1874, through a vessel operated between Newport Bay and San
Francisco. The new company erected a wharf at Newport Bay extending about
1,500 feet into the ocean, in conjunction with the Pacific Coast Steamship Com-
pany, and established a wholesale lumber business at Santa Ana which soon de-
veloped into the largest and most important commercial enterprise the city has
ever known. In the year 1891 the JMcFadden brothers, with others of the com-
pany, organized the Santa Ana & Newport Railway and built a steam road con-
necting the city with the new wharf, eleven miles distant, and thus provided cheap
and quick transportation of their immense cargoes of lumber to the general yarl
at Santa .A.na. This business rapidly increased in volume, its transactions reaching
half a million dollars yearly and its payroll carrying one hundred men who never
failed, during all its existence, to receive their wages regularly every week. This
enterprise assisted very materially in the prosperity of Santa Ana during the dull
period following the boom and continuing on through the national panic of
1893-96. The lumber business was finally discontinued in 1902 on account of
transportation difficulties and the railroad was sold to Senator Clark, of Montana,
who almost immediately disposed of it to the Southern Pacific, which company
still operates it.

The year 1888 was also a notable one in the city's histor}- on account of the
organization of its original board of trade, now known as the Santa Ana Cham-
ber of Commerce, which has always been a potent factor in the development of
the town, but the most important event of this period was the creation of the new

74 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

county of Orange on March 11, 1889, and the selection of Santa Ana as its county
seat July 11, of the same year.

The census of 1890 gave the city a population of 3,628. Company F, its
first military organization, was mustered in in June of that year with sixty-one men.
Capt. C. S. McKelvey commanding, H. T. Alatthews being first lieutenant and
N. A. Ulm second lieutenant.

Up to this time Mr. Spurgeon's water system had supplied the town, but on
December 1, 1890, the city voted $60,000 for a municipal plant, which was at
once installed. The supply was secured from a number of deep artesian wells,
forced to all parts of the city by the Holly system. On November 21. 1904, addi-
tional bonds of $100,000 were voted for a general enlargement of the plant.

The city's history during the '90s was marked by few important events and
its growth was exceedingly slow for the greater part of that decade. A bond
issue of $60,000 was voted March 7, 1898, for a complete sewer system, to which
about $7,000 has since been added, represented by a total of about twenty-five
miles of mains.

Free mail delivery was established in Santa Ana in March, 1899. with letter
carriers, the receipts of the postoffice having passed $10,000 a year. The postal
receipts of this office for the year 1911 exceeded $30,000 and seven city carriers,
seven rural carriers and eight clerks were employed.

The census of 1900 showed a population of 4,933. During this year a hantl-
some court house, costing $100,000 with furnishings, was erected by the county
on the old plaza owned by Mr. Spurgeon, which had always been reserved by him
for that purpose. This building with its imposing architecture and spacious, well-
kept grounds, is the most conspicuous structure in the city.

One of the notable achievements during the city's history was the abolition
of saloons, which was accomplished at the regular election in April, 1903, the
proposition being submitted directly to the people and carried by nearly two-thirds
majority. For a number of years preceding this crisis the anti-saloon forces had
been agitating prohibition, and the action of the city trustees in granting an extra
saloon license in 1902, increasing the number from six to seven, brought the issue
to a head. All saloon licenses expired June 30, 1903, and Santa Ana has remained
"dry"' ever since. That a strong high-license sentiment still existed, however, was
demonstrated by the fact that the next year tlie trustees were compelled by a
popular petition to again submit the question, the majority still being in favor of
prohibition, but greatly reduced. An important coincidence was here manifested,
for while the city's growth had been exceedingly slow since 1890, and the retard-
ing eiifect of banishing the saloons had been one of the chief arguments of the
high-license people, a marked era of improvement was soon inaugurated and has
continued without interruption to the present time.

A handsome new city hall, costing $20,000, was formally dedicated in Novem-
ber, 1904, at the corner of Third and Main streets. In the fall of 1906 the great
Huntington trolley system entered Santa Ana from Los Angeles, giving our
citizens the best passenger service possible and affording a new and popular means
of transit for tourists and homeseekers to reach this section. This important
event was celebrated in December by a novel innovation, called the "Parade of
Products," in which the varied resources of the county were marshaled into an
attractive pageant of floats, which was such an unparalleled success that the
following year it was extended to three days, with a dififerent street display each
day and a large tent exhibit. The name was changed to the "Carnival of Prod-
ucts," under which more comprehensive title it was for several years an annual
event.

It would be impossible to attempt to enumerate the great list of improvements
which have been made in Santa Ana in recent years. Handsome new residences,
in which the world-famed California bungalow style predominates, liave been
erected by the score in all parts of the city ; several new imposing church edifices
which would be a credit to any city, mark a prosperous condition in religious

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 75

circles ; the school facilities have been greatly improved by the addition of modern
structnres and including a commodious separate building for a commercial high
sch(jol ; and miles upon miles of cement sidewalks and curbs have been put in.

Banks of Santa Ana

Following were the deposits in the banks of Santa Ana as reported to the

CTOvernment on Time 30, V^IO. in comparison with those reported on June 30,
1919:

Banks— 1920 1019 Increase

First National $ 6,390,621.03 $ 4.700,945.05 $ 1,599.675.98

Farmers & Merchants Sav.. 2,260.395.95 1,554,442.02 705,953.03

Orange Co. Trust & Savings. 1,763,271.69 1,286,136.60 477.135.09

California National 1,296,526.53 888,977.72 397,548.81

Totals $11,700,815.20 $ 8,520.502.29 $ 3.180,312.91

While the date of these reports may not be regarded as the most favorable
time of the year for the best showing of deposits, on account of so much money
being tied up in the growing crops, yet it is just as good as any for making com-
parisons either with the deposits of past years or with those of banks in other
cities, since the same date would be used on both sides of every comparison.
However, $11,700,815.20 is a lot of money to have in the banks of a- city
the size of Santa Ana. It is $2,623,865.20 more than all the property, real and
personal, is assessed at in the county seat for the purpose of taxation. If the
amount were divided equally among the citizens of Santa Ana. every man, woman
and child would have a bank account, for a brief period of $755.62 in addition
to any other property that he might possess. But these bank deposits do not all
belong to the citizens of Santa Ana; quite a portion of them came in from the
surrounding country. In any case, they are not community property or subject
to any kind of distribution without an equivalent in exchange. What is true of
these deposits is true of other deposits elsewhere and of all kinds of property
throughout the world. Private ownership and use of property is almost invariably
the reward of industry and frugality and should not be shared with the idle
and dissolute, \^'ealth honestly acquired and rightly used is a great blessing not
only to its possessors, but also to the whole community in which it is held or
ex]:)endcd.

Present Status of the Banks

The Commercial Bank of Santa Ana began negotiating the sale of its assets
to the Farmers & ^Merchants National Bank of Santa Ana in May, 1910. It took
several months to complete the transaction on account of the legal questions
involved. The Commercial Bank ceased to exist on the first day of August, 1910.

The Citizens' Commercial & Savings Bank was organized and opened in
November, 1914. On January 1, 1917, it merged with the California National
Bank under the name of the latter, which had been doing business since February,
1911.

The First National I'.ank and the Farmers & Merchants Bank merged Febru-
ary 21, 1919, taking the name of First National Bank.

The Santa Ana Savings Bank, affiliated with the First National Bank, and
the Home Savings Bank, affiliated with the Farmers & Merchants National Bank,
merged July 1, 1919, under the name of Farmers & Merchants Savings Bank.

The Orange County Trust & Savings Bank was remodeled in 1911. Addi-
tional real estate with leases on same cost $18,245, Iniilding cost $39,612.33, and
vaults an<l .safety deposit boxes cost $11,000.

76 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUXTY

Public Library of Santa Ana

The spring of 1878 was one of great rejoicing for Santa Ana, as it marked
the completion of the Southern Pacific Railway to the town. The round trip
from Los Angeles was $4 and the trip was a luxury which was enjoyed only on
state occasions, but it gave the citizens a new feeling of responsibility, a desire
for greater opportunities for self culture and mutual improvement. It was at
this time that the need of a circulating library was suggested. The Santa Ana
Weekly Times of April 11, 1878, has a communication as follows: "Editor of
The Times: Several times I have through the medium of your paper called atten-
tion to the fact that Santa Ana ought to have a circulating library. The project
has met with universal appreciation. I have now much pleasure in informing the
public the Santa Ana Public Library Association has been organized, to be gov-
erned bv the following constitution and by-laws. Further particulars can be
obtained by applying to -Airs. H. C. Berry, JNlrs. H. \V. Lake, Airs. O. B. Hall or to
Yours respect fullv,

j. G. BAILEY, M.D."

Then followed the constitution and by-laws in full, one part of which was "the
by-laws of the association can be altered or amended at any semi-annual meeting,
providing two-thirds of the charter members present agree to the same, and not
otherwise."

A few persons became intensely interested in the enterprise and assumed the
task of soliciting names for membership. The following officers were elected, viz. :
Airs. O. B. Hall, president : Rev. H. S. AIcHenry, vice-president ; Dr. J. G. Bailey,
secretary; Airs. X. O. Staft'ord (now Airs. R. J. Blee), treasurer, and Airs. C. E.
French, librarian. Santa Ana had a library association organized — on paper —
with about $20 to purchase and equip the institution. Persons having books that
were of interest kindly donated them ; thus a nucleus was formed. C. E. French
contrilnited a wardrobe into which shelves were fitted and he ofifered the society a
portion of the office be occupied at the corner of Fourth and Alain streets. Books
were added from time to time from the membership fees. In the fall of 1878
the library was opened to the members and their families. The struggle to main-
tain it was then begun. To keep it supplied with new matter socials, musicals and
literary entertainments were given and collections taken to increase the funds.
Among some of the workers besides those already mentioned were Rev. H. I.
Parker and wife. A'Irs. \\'alter Kent, Airs. S. H. Hersam, Aliss Alav Kent, Aliss
L. Berry, Aliss AI. D. Hotell, Aliss Claribel Xichols, Dr. J. N. Burtnett, Pearl
Kent and Col. \\". F. Heathman. In April, 1879, the latter succeeded in giving
an entertainment which was very successful and brought over $100 to the fund,
and this increased the interest in the organization. The location of the library
was changed several times owing to changes in business firms, it being placed
wherever the best place was offered without cost to the association.

In 1886 an organization of the W". C. T. U. was perfected in Santa Ana. The
following year they decided to establish a library and free reading room. They
gave a book social and over 100 volumes were donated. They leased a place
over Rowe's book store and fitted up the front room as a reading room. The
library of the old association numbered then about 400 volumes. After due con-
sideration the members voted to turn the library over to the new organization,
which was done in 1887 and in January following the \V. C. T. U. gave a formal
opening. The problem of meeting the necessary expenses was a grave one and the
organization deserves great credit for the manner in which they solved it. One
"flower festival" they gave netted them $700. A merchants' carnival for the
same purpose was a great success.

The next important step was the transfer of the library by the W. C. T. U.
to the city of Santa Ana, September 1, 1891. This included the 960 volumes with
all fixtures and equipment and the lease of the hall at 112 \\'est Fourth Street.
From that date it was to be supported by a tax levied for that purpose and to

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 77

be thrown open to the city as a free library and reading room "to all proper
residents and taxpayers therein." The first funds received from this source was
October 5, 1891. The first board of trustees were E. E. Keech, C. E. French,
Dr. J. A. Crane, Rev. Mr. Booth, and D. M. Baker. Helen A. Kernodle was ap-
pointed librarian. A report of the board of library trustees of July 3, 1893, shows
the library to have had about fifty patrons and the highest number of books given
out in one day, twenty. The report for the year was 950 patrons and the maxi-
mum number of books passed out in one day, 135.

October 1, 1892, the library was transferred to the Hervey building, 121 East
Fourth Street, where it remained until it was removed to its present home, made
possible by Andrew Carnegie, who donated $15,000 to the city for the building.
W. H. Spurgeon gave the lot and the Native Sons built the walks and the retain-
ing wall. The furnishings were provided by private subscription and the trustees
of the city gave $1,000. When it was first used only the main floor was occupied
and there was then ample room. As the years have passed shelving has been
added for the books and the quarters gradually became crowded. A document
room has been added in the basement. The circulation from July 1, 1909, to June
30, 1910, was 47,588. The present building was started in August, 1902, and the
library moved in Julv. 1903. The board of library trustees are, viz. : Dr. C. D. Ball,
Airs. W. B. Tedfor'd, I^lrs. P. L. Tople, Chas. Robinson and J. S. Smart. The
present librarian. Miss Jeannette E. McFadden, became associated with the library
in 1897 and in June, 1901, was appointed to her present position, which she fills
with satisfaction to all.

Commercial Progress

The commercial progress of the city of Santa Ana has been even greater in re-
cent years than its growth in population, as may be seen in the fact that there are
$2,623,865.20 more deposits in the city's banks than its entire assessed valuation.
While the assessment is undoubtedly low, that will not account for such a discrep-
ancy. The fact is that a considerable part of those deposits belong to the rural
population for miles around Santa Ana. The county seat is the center of trade and
distribution for practically all of the middle and lower parts of the county and to
some extent for the upper parts as well. With trade and distribution come produc-
tion and manufacturers. In 1909 the Southern California Sugar Company com-
menced operating a factory with a daily capacity of 600 tons of sugar beets. Two
or three years later the Santa Ana Sugar Company entered practically the same
field, each of these companies employing about 300 men during the campaign, be-
sides providing a market for the farmers' beets. Two large lumber yards with well-
equipped planing mills have been kept busy supplying the increasing demand for
building materials. Several large packing houses for fruits, nuts and vegetables
make this city an important shipping point. A number of autos are constantly
employed collecting and returning clothes for the steam laundries of the city.
Among other industries that made noteworthy progress during the year 1919 may
be mentioned the C. II. Kaufmann & Sons' plant, which manufactured and shipped
nearly 100,000 automobile spotlights during the year, and employing about fifty
people. The Haven Seed Company produced, cleaned, packed and shipped nearly
five billion tomato seeds during the season of 1919, with an annual payroll of
$100,000. The J. E. Taylor Canning Company packed thousands of jars of mar-
malade, jellies, preserves and canned fruits, and the California Packing Corpo-
ration's plant packed approximately 7,000.000 cans of chili, pimentos and apricots.
A horse-collar factory, a rug factory, an iron and brass foundry, artificial stone
works, several machine shops, numerous garages and bicycle shops and oil stations,
an ice plant and many other industries have added their quota to the general
volume of business.

Two important industries have been reserved from the foregoing brief sum-
mary for special mention, because they gave some special data about their business

78 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

to chronicle in the history. The}' are the "jNIission \\'ooIen ^Manufacturing Com-
pany" at Wasliington Avenue and Santiago Street, and th^e "Cahfornia Crnte
Company."

The woolen mill has been running since August, 1917. Up to January 1,
1919, it made 70,000 army blankets and 60,000 yards of melton for overcoats for
the Government. It is now making blankets, cassimeres and lap robes. Some of
the blankets are exported to Siberia and China. The company is employing
seventy-five men and women, and has a weekly payroll of $1,600; at one time,
while on Government work, it had $90,000 worth of wool in the warehouse. The
officers are: A. E. Bennett, president; C. A. Robinson, vice-president; P. A. Robin-
son, treasurer. According to a newspaper report the mill is planning to put on a
night shift of weavers to keep pace with the demand.

The California Crate Company dates the first step that led to its organiza-
tion back about four years. Fred P. Jayne of Santa Ana established a small
factory in August, 1916, for manufacture of folding or collapsible crates of his
own invention. In February, 1917, M. A. Carter, formerly of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa,
joined him under the firm name of Jayne & Carter. In October of the same year
the California Crate Company was incorporated with F. P. Jayne as president,
A. M. Jayne as vice-president and M. A. Carter as secretary and treasurer. The
principal product of the company has been the manufacture of the standard
"Cummer Type" folding onion crate and during the last year this company has
furnished the largest part of these crates used in Imperial and Coachella Valleys.
This year the company has spread out and in addition is now making two sizes of
a fruit crate invented by F. P. Jayne and known as the "Midget Crate," which
is meeting with large success. It has also begun the manufacture of a new toy
aeroplane and is fairly launched in the toy business having recently purchased
two new buildings for use of the toy department. Mr. Jayne and Mr. Carter arc
both actively engaged in establishing and enlarging the business, the former as
president and manager and the latter as superintendent. There are about twenty
men and women employed in the factory at present and the number will be largely
increased during the busy season beginning in December and running until June.
The factory buildings consist of large, light and roomy machinery house, as-
sembling rooms and storage warehouse, all well located on the tracks of the
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway in Santa Ana.

The Chamber of Commerce maintains a substantial fund to aid in securing
industrial enterprises.

Churches

The ^lethodist Episcopal Church South holds the distinction of being the
first religious organization in Santa Ana, which was effected at the home of
W. H. Titchenal in December, 1869. Services were held for a time in a private
residence, later on in the schoolhouse and finally in its own building erected in
1876, which is now supplanted by a commodious and well-arranged edifice. The
Baptist Church was organized in 1871, the Methodist Episcopal North in 1874,
and the United Presbyterian in 1876. After these pioneer churches various other
denominations have been established here, until at the present time the list includes
the following churches with their locations :

Christian Holiness Mission Spurgeon bet. Second and Third

Church of Christ S. E. cor. Walnut and Broadway

Church of the Messiah S. W. cor. Bush and Seventh

Church of the Nazarene, Pentecostal N. E. cor. Fifth and Parton

First Baptist N. \\'. cor. Main and Church

First Christian N. W. cor. Broadway and Sixth

First Church of Christ, Scientist S. E. cor. Sycamore and Sixth

First Church of the Brethren N. E. cor. First and Lacy

First Congregational S. E. cor. Main and Seventh

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 79

First ;\Iethodist Episcopal N. E. cor. Sixth and Spurgeoii

First Presbyterian N. E. cor. Sixth and Sycamore

First Reformed Presbyterian N. ^\■. cor. First and Spurgeon

First SpirituaHst Church 306 1^ East Fourth

Free Methodist 311 Fruit

Friends S. W. cor. Sixth and Garfield

Holiness S. W. cor. First and Flower

Immanuel Baptist S. W. cor. Sixth and French

International Bible Students' Association 311 N. Birch

Japanese Church 602 E. Fifth

Mexican Methodist Episcopal N. W. cor. First and Garfield

Pentecostal Gospel ]\Iission 405 N. Birch

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

S. E. cor. Fifth and Flower

Richland Avenue Methodist Episcopal S. E. cor. Parton and Richland

St. Joseph's Roman Catholic S. E. cor. Lacy and Stafford

St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran N. E. cor. Sixth and Van Ness Avenue

Salvation Army 303 Vl N. Sycamore

Seventh Day .Adventists S. E. cor. Fifth and Ross

Spurgeon l\Iemorial Methodist Episcopal Church South

N. E. cor. Church and Broadway

Trinity German Evangelical Lutheran Sixth bet. Lacy and Garfield

LTnitarian S. E. cor. Eighth and Bu.sh

United Brethren N. ^^■. cor. Third and Shelton

United Presbyterian N. \\'. cor. Sixth and Bush

Zion's Church Evangelical Association (German ) . . . .X. E. cor. Tenth and Main

Fraternal Societies

F. & A. M., Santa .\na Lodge, No. 241. R. A. M.. Orange Chapter. No. 73.

0. E. S., Hermosa Chapter, No. 105. I. O. O. F., Santa Ana Lodge, No. 236.
R. & S. M., Santa Ana Council, No. 14. Canton S. A. No. 18, Patriarchs Mili-

1. O. O. F. Laurel Encampment. No. 81. tant U. R.

Sycamore Rebekah Lodge No. 140. Ladies of Canton. Santa Ana.

Torosa Rebekah Lodge. \'eteran Odd Fellows Association.

Veteran Rebekah Association No. 50. B. P. O. E., Santa Ana Lodge, No. 794.

Fraternal Aid L'nion. Fraternal Brotherhood, S. A. Lodge,
I. O. of R., Osage Tribe. No. 166. No. 2.

Knights and Ladies of Security. Independent Order of Foresters.

Knights of the Maccabees. Knights of Columbus.

Ladies of the Maccabees Review No. 7. K. of P., Santa Ana Lodge, No. 149.

R. N. A., Magnolia Camp, No. 4133. Modern Woodmen of America.

K. T., Santa Ana Commandery, No. 36. \\'omen of \\'oodcraft, S. A. Circle, 295.
W'oodmen of the \\'orld, Santa Ana Camp. No. 355.

Patriotic Societies

G. A. R., Sedgwick Post, No. 17. L. of G. A. R., Shiloh Circle, No. 21
Sedgwick, W. R. C, No. 17. D. of \'., Sarah A. RouncTs Tent, No. 10.

Miscellaneous Organizations

Altar Society. St. Joseph's Church. Associated Charities of Santa Ana.

Automobile Club of Orange County. Automobile Club of Southern Calif.

Catholic Homeseekers" Bureau. City Parent-Teachers' Association.

Ebell Society of S. A. Valley. Monday Club.

Orange Co. Bldg. Industries. Orange Co. Medical Association.

80 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Orange Co. Bar Association. Orange Co. Trades Association.

Orange Co. Society P. C. A. Santa Ana Music Association.

Santa Ana Domino Club. S. A. Typographical Union No. 579.

Santa Ana Rifle Club. United Daughters of Confederacy.

Sunset Club. Woman's Club of Santa Ana.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Young Ladies' Sodality.

The Press

Nap Donovan, pioneer printer, published the fir.st number of the Santa Ana
A'czcs, on May 15, 1876. This paper died young from inanition. In October of
the following year, he started the Santa Ana Herald, which, after passing through
many hands, was absorbed by the Blade in 1903.

Some time in the eighties the Stamps Brothers started the Santa Ana Times,
which they afterwards sold to D. M. Baker. He changed its name to the Santa
Ana Standard and continued its publication through the formative period of
Orange County's history. He then sold the paper and traveled through the North-
western States in search of a better field. After passing through a number of
hands and suffering a change of name, the paper gave up the ghost.

The Evening Blade was founded in 1887 by A. J. W'aterhouse and W. F. X.
Parker; but it was soon turned over to other owners. \\'hile it suffered many
vicissitudes it continued to be the only daily paper in the county for several years,
except for a brief period in the early nineties when the Free Press was making a
vain struggle for existence. The Blade was purchased by Horace AlcPhee in 1895,
who with his brother George carried it on for nearly a score of years. It was then
sold to a Mr. Clarkson, who in turn sold it to the Register Publishing Company,
and thus ended its existence.

The Register was founded in 1905 by the Register Publishing Company with
Fred Unholz and Frank Ormer as managers. The following year J. P. Baum-
gartner bought a controlling interest of the stock, and has been editor and manager
ever since.

D. M. Baker, failing to find a more promising field for newspaper work,
returned to Santa Ana, and with W. J. Rouse established the Bulletin in 1899.
which he continued to publish until his death. The paper is now owned and pub-
lished by C. D. Overshiner and J\I. A. Yarnell.

The following are the present city officers : Trustees and committee assign-
ments, J. G. Mitchell, president ; H. H. Dale, city and fire departments ; Walter
A. Greenleaf, street committee ; C. H. Chapman, water, sewers ; and John W.
Tubbs, police ; city clerk, E. L. Vegely ; city marshal, Sam Jernigan ; city attorney,
Geo. H. Scott ; city treasurer, Olive Lopez ; city recorder, W. F. Heathman ; super-
intendent water and sewers, Walter Wray ; street superintendent and city engi-
neer, W. W. Hoy; city health officer. Dr. J. I. Clark; fire chief, John Luxem-
bourger; building inspector, Thomas Ash; city electrician, \\'m. ]\IcCulloch ; sani-
tary inspector, W. W. Chandler.

Area of the city is nine square miles. It was first incorporated as a city
of the sixth class June 1, 1886; then later its boundaries were extended to corre-
spond with the boundaries of the school district and it was incorporated April
9. 1888, as a city of the fifth class. The assessed valuation of the city in 1920
was $9,076,950, with a tax rate of $1.45 for city purposes. Building permits for
last year amounted to $215,344.48. The postoffice receipts for the last fiscal
year were $64,648.61. Thirty miles of the streets are paved and as a rule cement
sidewalks and curbs always border paved streets.

October 10, 1919, was the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the city
of Santa Ana. On his fortieth birthday, October 10, 1869, W. H. Spurgeon rode
through, mustard higher than his head on horseback to the sycarnore tree, still
standing, a few yards south of Fifth Street between Sycamore and Broadway.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 81

Dismounting he climbed the tree and viewed the landscape o'er. Pleased with
the prospect he bought seventy- four' and one-quarter acres of this land from Ana
M. Chaves, widow of Vicente Martinez, for $594. This was the allotment of
Zenobia Yorba de Rowland in the division of the Santiago de Santa Ana grant,
effected in 1867 in the Los Angeles Superior Court as the result of the suit of

A. Stearns vs. L. Cota. The place was called Santa Ana from the name of the
grant, Mr. Spurgeon being unwilling to call it by his own name. He lived to
see his fondest hopes realized in the marvelous development of the city he founded
and the county he helped to organize.

\^'hat the future holds in store for this favored municipality no man can
foresee. With a population of 15,485, according to the government census of
1920, and the development of the magnificent territory hereabouts, yet practically
in its infancy, an increase to 25,000 in the next ten years would not appear an
over sanguine expectation, .^s yet no effort has been made to attract tourist
support to the city, although the mountains and coast line aft'ord more varied
attractions than most tourist centers have to oft'er. It is not at all visionary to
predict that when the Santa Ana Valley awakens to the possibilities which it' has
neglected in this respect for all these years, its chief city will become as famous
as a mecca for pleasure seekers as it has for its purely stable characteristics. At
the present time there is not a first class hotel or restaurant in the city, nor
accommodations of any sort which travelers of means desire. Located as it is on
the El Camino Real, or "King's Highway," the main thoroughfare for automo-
biles between Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as on two steam lines and
one electric, in the midst of the most celebrated playground for tourists in the
world, it does not seem possililc that such a condition can long continue.

CHAPTER XI

THE CITY OF SEAL BEACH

By Sadie C. Sweeney

The city of Seal Beach is located in the extreme southwest corner of Orange
County, bordering on the Pacific Ocean southeast of the mouth of the San Gabriel
River, into which Coyote Creek empties some distance from the coast. Accord-
ing to tradition, the place was selected and promoted as a beach resort by Los
Angeles capitalists under the name of Bay City, which name the school district
still bears. Although the city continues to receive the patronage of many Los
Angeles people, its main support comes from its own residents who are citizens
of Orange County.

The city was incorporated under its present name on October 2S, 1911. Its
area, as nearly as can be determined from the map, is about one and five-eighths
square miles. Its assessed valuation for the year 1920, exclusive of operative
property, is $638,755. Its present population is 669, according to the Federal
census of 1920. There are two miles of paved streets, eight miles of oiled streets
and about twenty miles of concrete sidewalk.

A complete sewer system is being constructed now. and the city has voted
bonds to install a municipal water plant. Following are the present city officers,
and officers of other organizations: Board of trustees: John J. Doyle, presi-
dent; Albert J. Morris, Walter A. Storts, A. J. Spinner", J. Burkhart ; clerk.

B. B. Brown; marshal, Harry Mayer; city attorney, Joe C. Burke; treasurer.
]\Irs. Sadie C. Bailey ; recorder, John H. May ; health officer, J. P. Dougall : plumb-
ing and electric inspector, Harry Mayer; board of health: Dr. J. Park Dougall,
Sadie C. Sweeney, A. W. Armstrong, James Graham, Mrs. Millie Ernie; chamber
of commerce: James A. Graham, president; J. H. May, vice-president; .\. W.
Armstrong, secretary ; Sadie C. Sweeney, treasurer : Gustav Mann. Wm. Temple-
man, W. A. Storts. J. H. May. Raymond Aldrich ; school board : Miss Amy Dyson,
president; I. E. Patterson, clerk'; Mrs. C. L. Flack.

82 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

The number of teachers employed in the pubHc schools, the number of
pupils enrolled, the value of the school property and the cost of the schools for
the year 1918-1919, may be found in the chapter on Orange County's Schools
under the title "Bay City," which is the name of the school district belonging to
Seal Beach.

The onlv church to report in the city is the Bungalow ^lethodist Church.

Bathing is enjoyed the year 'round ; it is absolutely safe for the children.
There has never been a drowning in the surf at Seal Beach; there is no under-
tow. The climatic conditions, too, are the best that can be found in Southern
California; it is cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter than at most
other places.

The Pacific Electric Railway passes through Seal Beach on its way from
Long Beach to Balboa. There is a paved road from Seal Beach to Long Beach
and provision is made in the $40,000,000 state bonds, recently voted, to extend
the state highway from Oxnard to Capistrano along the coast.

The growth of Seal Beach is retarded at present by the lack of housing facili-
ties, and it might pay the holders of vacant lots to build on them ; but it would
be better for the community, as well as the home-seekers, if they would buy and
build in Seal Beach for the sake of the many natural advantages it has to offer.

CHAPTER XII

THE CITY OF STANTON

The city of Stanton is located centrally in the agricultural section in the
western part of Orange County, southwest of Anaheim and northwest of Garden
Grove. It was named after Hon. Phil. A. Stanton of Los Angeles, who has
large holdings of land in that vicinity. The city was incorporated on JNIarch 29,
1911 ; the principal purpose of the incorporation was to prevent Anaheim's sewer
farm being located in that community. The area of the territory first included
was afterwards reduced until now it is about six and one-half square miles. The
assessed valuation of the city for the year 1920 is $629,335; and the tax rate for
city purposes is $1.00. The population, according to the 1920 census, is 695.
No one ever heard of Stanton parading itself as a railroad center; yet so it is, as
may be seen on the map. The branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, running
from Anaheim to Los Alamitos, intersects the main line of the Pacific Electric
Railway, running from Los Angeles to Santa Ana, in the very heart of the city
of Stanton.

Following are the city officers as they stood after the election and appoint-
ments in 1920: Board of trustees, John F. Roe, president; E. B. Hosking, True
W. Clark, James F. Robison, Frank G. Redmond; clerk, F. C. Beecher; treas-
urer, F. D. "Turner; recorder, E. X. Willard.

CHAPTER XIII

UNINCORPORATED TOWNS

Besides the nine incorporated cities in Orange County, which have been de-
scribed elsewhere, there are about forty unincorporated towns, ranging in size
from a few families to nearly sufficient population to incorporate as a city of
the sixth class. Each of these towns serves as a business and social center for
the surrounding territory, the postoffice in many cases having been superseded
by the rural delivery from the larger cities. These towns may be briefly described
in alphabetical order, as follows :

HISTORY OF 0RA\(;E COUNTY 83

Arch 1 leach is a small seaside resort one mile east of Laguna ileach. The
shore line in front of this town is the most attractive on .the coast, with its
picturesque blufifs, jutting rocks and cunning coves. The name, Arch Beach,
comes from a natural arch formed by the action of the breakers cutting a passage
through a large projecting rock.

Balboa is the name given to the eastern end of Newport ricach, to an island
in the bay, and to the palisades near Corona del War.

Berryfield, Benedict and Cypress are way stations on the Pacific Electric
Railway northwest of Garden Grove in the order named going toward Los An-
geles. Besides accommodating the local travel they form shipping points for
the ]5roducts of the surrounding farms, gardens, and poultry yards.

Bolsa is located four miles west of Santa Ana in the grain, vegetable and
stock-raising lands. It consists of a store, church, schoolhouse. and a few resi-
dences which are badly scattered.

Brookhurst is the first station on the Southern Pacific Railway northwest
of West Anaheim. Although it is located near the dividing line between the
fruit lands and the dairy section, there are some fine orchards near the station.

Buena Park is the last station on the Southern Pacific Railway before cross-
ing into Los Angeles County. It is surrounded by alfalfa, beet and general farm-
ing lands. Here is located the large condensed milk factory of the Pacific Cream-
ery Compan}'.

Capistrano, the "fJld ^Mission Town," is situated near the junction of San
Juan Creek and Trabuco Creek, on the Santa Fe Railway, about twenty-five
miles southeast of Santa Ana and three miles from the coast. The locality seems
to be well adapted to fruits, grains and grazing, but the principal distinction is
being the home of the San Juan Capistrano Mission.

The first attempt to found the j\Iission of San Juan Cajiistrano was made
October 30. 1775. .A cross was erected and a mass said in a hut constructed
for the purpose. The revolt of the Indians at San Diego on the night of
November ,Sth, and the massacre of Father Jaume and others, news of which
reached San Juan on the 7th, called away the soldiers. The bells which liad
been hung on the branch of a tree were taken down and buried and the soldiers
and padres hastened to San Diego. November L 1776, President Serra and
F'atbers Mugartegui and .Amurro, with an escort of soldiers, reestablished the
mission. The bells were dug up and hung upon a tree, and their ringing assem-
bled a number of the natives. An enramada of boughs was constructed ami
mass was said.

The first location of the mission was several miles northeast of the present
site, and at the foot of the mountain. The former location is still known as La
Mission \'iejo. Whetlier the change of location was made at the time of the
reestablishment or later is not known. The erection of a stone church was begui
in F^ebruary, 1797, and completed in 1806. A master builder had been brought
from Mexico, and under his superintendence the neophytes did the mechanical
labor. It was the largest and handsomest church in California and was the pride
of mission architecture. The year 1812 was known in California as cl aiio dr
los tcmblorcs — the year of earthquakes. For months the seismic disturbance
was almost continuous. On Sunday, December 8, 1812, a severe shock threw
down the lofty church tower, which crashed through the vaulted roof on the
congregation below. The padre who was celebrating mass e.scaped through the
sacristy. Of the fifty persons present only five or six escaped. The churcli was
never rebuilt. ""There is not much doubt," says Bancroft, "that the disaster was
due rather to faulty construction than to the violence of the temblor. The edifice
was of the usual cruciform shape, about 90x180 feet on the ground, with very
thick walls and arched, dome-like roof all constructed of stones imbedded in
morlar or cement. The stones were not hewn, but of irregular size and shape, a
kind of structure evidently requiring great skill to insure solidity." The mission

84 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

reached its maxiinum in 1819; from that on until its secularization there was a
rapid decline in the*iumber of its livestock and of its neophytes.

This was one of the missions in which Governor Figueroa tried his experi-
ment of forming Indian pueblos of the neophytes. For a time the experiment
was a partial success, but eventually it went the way of all the other missions. Its
lands were granted to private individuals and the neophytes scattered. It was
restored by the Landmarks Club of Los Angeles, and its picturesque ruins are a
great attraction to tourists.

Celery is one of the stations and shipping points on the branch of the South-
ern Pacific Railroad running from Newport Beach to Smeltzer.

Corona del Mar is a small hamlet on the mesa east of the mouth of New-
port Bay.

Delhi is a community center about two miles south of Santa Ana.

El Modena is snuggled up against the foothills on a sightly mesa three miles
east of Orange. The town proper was started in the boom, about 1886, by
immigrants from the East, chiefly of the Quaker or Friends' denomination. The
boomers went out with the boom and those who were left set to work to develop
the country. As a result there are many fine orange and lemon orchards in this
section and many other fruits and farm products are grown here. About half a
mile south of the schoolhouse is the famous Hewes ranch, containing several
hundred acres of diversified fruits and a large packing house on the Tustin branch
of the Southern Pacific Railway. El Modena has a good water system, a Friends'
Church, a graded school, a general merchandise store and other conveniences per-
taining to a prosperous community.

El Toro, twelve miles southeast of Santa Ana on the Santa Fe Railway,
is the trading point of an extensive grain and grazing district. It is also the
nearest railroad point to certain mining camps and bee ranches in the hills on
the north and to Laguna Beach and Arch Beach on the south.

Fairview, seven miles southwest of Santa Ana, is located on the northwest
part of the broad mesa lying between the ocean and the damp lands southwest
of the county seat. A carline was projected in boom days to connect the town
with Santa Ana, but there was not sufficient travel to justify its continuance.
Circumscribed by the San Joacjuin ranch on the east and south and by the damp
lands on the west and north, the place has made but little growth.

Garden Grove, five miles northwest of Santa Ana on the Pacific Electric
Railway, is the center of a large area of land adapted to general farming, dairy-
ing and poultry raising. The shipping records show that Garden Grove has
become the greatest egg producing district in Southern California. Ample
water can be obtained for pumping at a maximum depth of 125 feet, which rises
to within a few feet of the surface; in fact, many of the wells flowed in the early
days. This abundance of water has induced the installation of many pumping
plants, thereby increasing the productiveness of the section. The town itself is
making rapid strides toward a city, with brick blocks, cement sidewalks and nearly
every kind of business house. A lighting district has been established under a
state law, and a brass band is being maintained by the people.

Garden Grove people must have considerable satisfaction — not to say jaride —
in helping to produce the following eggs-traordinary results, as set forth in The
Youth's Companion:

"The value of the eggs and poultry produced every year in the L'nited States
is now three-quarters of a billion dollars, or more than that of all the gold, silver
and diamonds produced in a year in the wholes world. There are about three hens
to a person, and each hen lays on an average eighty eggs a year. The best layers
produce as many as 240 a year. Farmers' flocks consist on the average of only
about forty birds, but even at that they contribute notably to good living on the
farm.

"Of all sad words of tongue or pen.
The saddest are these: 'I have no hen.' "

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTV 85

As proof that Garden Grove's productions are not confined to eggs alone,
note the following products shipped from there in 1919: IJeans, 45 cars, 1,350
tons; beets, 130 cars, 4,662 tons; cabbages, 37 cars, 439 tons; eggs, 3,283 cases.
98,490 dozen; oranges and lemons. 126 cars, 1,755 tons; peppers, green chili, 132
cars. 1,990 tons; peppers, dried chili. 121 cars, 1,455 tons; pimentos, 75 cars,
1,125 tons; potatoes, Irish, 11 cars, 157 tons; potatoes, sweet, 26 cars, 404 tons;
tomatoes. 33 cars, 328 tons ; walnuts, 40 cars, 483 tons ; approximate value,
$2,000,000.00.

Greenville is the new name for what used to be the Newport school district,
or Old Newport to distinguish it from the beach city of the same name. \\ hether
the new name will supersede the latter name for the town remains to be seen.
The place is a small cluster of houses about three miles southwest of Santa Ana
in what was formerly known as the "Gospel Swamp" region.

Harper is a station on the Santa Ana and Newport branch of the Southern
Pacific Railroad near the north boundary of the latter city.

Irvine is a station on the Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe Railway about seven
miles southeast of Santa Ana. It is the principal shipping point for the products
of the great San Joaquin ranch.

Laguna Beach, at the mouth of the Laguna Canyon and almost due south
of El Toro, has been retarded in its growth by its difficulty of access. It has
many natural advantages, the shore line here being nearly as picturesque as at
.A.rch Beach, but most people prefer to go where there is railroad communication.
Nevertheless, with regular automobile connection with Santa Ana and private con-
veyances, the town continues to grow and the resort to keep many loyal patrons.

A few years ago Pomona College, recognizing the advantages of Laguna
Beach for the study of marine life, established a summer school there and gath-
ered quite a collection of specimens in aquariums and cabinets to illustrate the
instruction. For the same reason, and also for its coast scenery and atmospheric
effects, Laguna Beach has become a veritable Mecca for worshipers at the shrine
of the fine arts. "Nature calls mightily here and answers the craving of every
being who appreciates her wonders and delights in her beauty." The many artists
thus drawn thither have formed the Laguna Beach Art Association and maintain
an art display in the auditorium. Funds are being raised for an art gallery, library
and music room in a new building. The present officers of the association are:
Edgar A. I'aynr. proident ; Anna A. Hills, vice-president; Mrs. Thaddeus Lowe.
2nd vice-])resident : .Nevada Lindsay, secretary; Airs. E. E. Jahraus, treasurer.

The following appreciation, clipped from the Santa Ana Register, though
not localized by the autliDr. Thomas Wright of Tustin, will apply to Laguna Beach
as well as to other jjlaces along the coast :

"Orange County, fringed on its western boundarv by scenic grandeur — the
blue of the Pacific that ebbs and flows on its golden shores — the waves that beat
against the .scarred and rugged rocks that defiant stand, as they have done for
ages, as the breakers hurl their restless forces against the barriers placed in their
path by Him who holds the seas in the hollow of His hand !

"In this wonder spot of scenic grandeur, the wave-washed rocks reflect the
glory of the sun and the blue of the sky, with their countless thousands of beau-
tiful stone formations in all the colors and shades and delicate tints of the rain-
1jow"s glorious glow.

".As a lover of the beautiful, I stand among the rocks, in the misty s]iray.
unable to comprehend the true wonders of creation; the imfathomable mysteries
of the deep ; the wonders in stones, shells and sea life wa.-ihed in by the tides. I
hear the happy laughter of children who play among the rocks and in the sand. I
see lovers of the beautiful who come for recreation close to Nature's breast,
some to meditate, others to study the wonders in curious shells, stones and sea
life washed in upon the shore. I think of the Master who gave to us Christian-
ity, who preached to the whole world by the Sea of Galilee, teaching the imfath-
omable Love of God, ami the simple lessons of faith and trust— as 'the lily thai

86 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

toils not, neither does it spin, yet Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like
one of these.' I think of the sermons in stones, in flowers, in every living thin'-
in purple dawn, in sunset's radiant glow; in life, in love, in joy and tears — the
inexpressible grandeur of it all !

"Then I remember what the Good Book says — that it was the fool who said
in his heart, 'There is no God.' "

La Habra is the name of a rancho and settlement near the extreme northwest
corner of Orange County. The town is one of the stations of the Pacific Electric
Railway from Los Angeles to Riverside through the La Habra \'alley and the
Santa Ana Canyon. This valley contains some excellent land and, with its close
connection with the Los Angeles markets, has a bright future before it.

Los Alamitos, named after a rancho of that name, is situated on Coyote Creek
at the western boundary of the county nearly due west of Anaheim. It owes its
existence to the large laeet sugar factory established about 1896 by Ex-Senator
A\'. A. Clark and his.brother, J. Ross Clark. This factory worked up 80,000 tons
of beets in 1909 and 90,000 tons in 1910. An auxiliary company to the Los Ala-
mitos Sugar Company is the Montana Land Company holding 8.000 acres of land
in the Los Cerritos rancho, which is in Los Angeles County, near the factory.

Alateo is the last station of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway in
Orange County, about four miles on this side of the San Diego County line.

McPherson, two miles east of Orange on the Tustin branch of the Southern
Pacific Railroad, took its name from the ]\IcPherson brothers who were most
active in establishing the town. In the heyday of the raisin industry McPherson
was a busy place, but, with the passing of the grapes and the competition of El
Modena on the east and Orange on the west, the town has not made much progress.
However, the place is surrounded by fine orchards and maintains an excellent
packing house, extensive nurseries, a blacksmith shop and other conveniences for
a rural community.

^lodjeska ]\Iineral Springs is a mountain health resort opened up in the San-
tiago Canyon.

Olinda is a bustling town in the oil district eight miles northeast of Fuller-
ton. The wells of the Santa Fe Railway, from which the company procures its
chief supply of fuel, are located here.

Olive is situated at Burruel Point on the Santa Fe Railway, four miles north
of Orange. Evidences of an earlier occupancy of this locality were visible fortv
years ago in adobe ruins and abandoned ditches, and the present name of the town
is said to come from a group of olive trees found growing at the west end of the
point. The whole territory about Olive is one vast orchard and garden with many
individual owners. In the language of a resident, "whatever soil, water and sun-
shine will germinate, sustain and fructify in any part of California, can be grown
in the vicinity of Olive." Here are located the large flour mills of the Central M\\\-
ing Company, which are operated by water power from the canal of the Santa
Ana Irrigation Company, supplemented by steam power. The capacity of the
mills is about 100 barrels of flour per day. In 1919, 335 cars of Valencia oranges,
and fifteen cars of Navels and lemons were shipped out. ^^'heat, barley and milo
maize are shipped in for the Central Milling Company, of which John M. Gar-
diner is president. The First National Bank of Olive has deposits of $169,436.51.

Peralta, or Upper Santa Ana, is a Spanish settlement on the southeast side of
the Santa Ana River about four miles above Olive.

Placentia is the name given to the territory east of Fullerton and northeast
of Anaheim. The nucleus of a town by that name was started in the year 1910
on the Santa Fe cut-oflf between Fullerton and Richfield. Trains on this cut-off
pass through orange groves, some of whose fruit might almost be plucked from
the car wmdow. Here are the famous Chapman orchards, whose "Old Mission"
brand of fruit brings the highest price of any similar fruit in the world. The
Placentia Library District was formed September 2, 1919, the vote in favor being
unanimous.

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MILLS
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^^^^^^^» WIBIIBIIMmB 1 II«T— Tii^^S^K''^""^^^^^^^

FIRST FLOUR MILL, OLIN'E

FIRST BEE RANCH, SANTIAGO CANYON

MISTrtRY OF ORANGE COUNTY K7

Richfield, a couple of miles north of Olive on the Santa Fe Railway, has been
nothing but the shipping point for the oil from the Olinda district for several
years. Now, however, that it has been made the eastern terminus of the cut-off.
it has commenced to grow and several substantial buildings have been erected.

San Juan-By-The-Sea, or Serra, is a small fishing hamlet at the mouth of the
San Juan Creek. Here the surf line of the Santa Fe Railway, on its way to
San Diego, first strikes the beach.

San Juan Hot Springs, fourteen miles northeast of Capistrano in the San
Juan Canyon, has long been a noted resort for rest and recreation. Here many
people find relief from various diseases in the hot baths and enjoy the rest and
relaxation which the mountain seclusion affords.

Smeltzer is situated in the heart of the celery district south of Westminster.
The town was named after the late D. E. Smeltzer of Kansas City, who discov-
ered the adaptability of the peat lands, when drained, to the growth of celery.
Smeltzer and \\'intersburg, one mile further south, are busy places in the shippin"
sea.son. These towns are on the Southern Pacific Railway from Newport Reach
to Los Alamitos.

Sunset Reach is an ambitious resort between Huntington Reach and Seal
Beach. The coast line of the Pacific Electric Railway from Long Beach to New-
port Beach passes through these beach resorts, giving easy access to the pleasure
seekers from Los Angeles and the interior cities.

Talbert is the business center of the Fountain \'alley region southeast of
W'intersburg and was named after some of the leading citizens of that locality.
It is surrounded by productive farming lands similar to those generally found
west of the Santa Ana River.

Tustin, founded in the early '70s by Columbus Tustin, is about three miles
southeast of Santa Ana. It is the terminus of the Tustin branch of the Southern
Pacific Railway, and has a station on the Santa Fe Railway, southwest of the
town, called .\liso station. At one time there was a horse car line from Tustin
through Santa Ana and Orange to El Modena, but the owners, finding it dirl not
pay, took up the track between Tustin and Santa Ana, and also between El Mo-
dena and Orange. .Although Tustin is near the upper border of the damp lands,
it is still on the mesa and is surrounded by many fine orchards of oranges, lemons,
walnuts and deciduous fruits. The residents of Tustin have always taken great
pride in their well-kept streets lined with stately trees ; in order to light the same,
they have established a lighting district, similar to the one established at Garden
Grove.

Villa Park was originally named Mountain Mew on account of its sightly
location near the mouth of the Santiago Canyon overlooking the rest of the
valley, but the postoffice department objected to the name because there was an-
other Mountain \'iew in the state. .Although the objection has since been removed
by the abandonment of the postoffice, it was sufficient at the time to secure the
adoption of the name Villa Park. The soil around \'illa Park has considerable
gravel in its composition, making it good material for roads, and also enabling
it to absorb the heat of the sun during the day and retain it through the night
better than a clay soil. For this reason the Villa Park section is specially adapted
to the growth of semi-tropic fruits and winter vegetables. The Serrano Water
.\ssociation, a cooperative concern, furnishes abundance of water for irrigation
from the Santiago Creek and from wells.

Westminster was promoted as a Presbyterian colony by Rev. Weber of Pat-
er.son, N. J., and John Y. .Anderson was the first purchaser of land in the settle-
ment. In 1870 he bought eighty acres, which later he reduced to thirty-two
acres and kept till his death, which occurred at the home of his daughter, Mrs.
Mary Tilton, at East Los .Angeles, Alay 18, 1920. James D. Ott, of Santa Ana,
helped him build his house in 1871, the same house in which his son, Harr\-
.Anderson, lives today. Mr. Anderson w-as eighty-two years old when he died,
having lived in what is now Orange County practically fifty years.

88 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Westminster is rated as one of the older settlements of the county, perhaps
next to Anaheim. It early became known in the political conventions at Los
Angeles as a foe to intemperance. More than one tippling candidate went down
to defeat before the combined delegations from Westminster, Orange, Pasadena
and other temperance communities. Located seven miles west of Santa Ana.
in the midst of a broad plain of rich, damp lands, Westminster began with a dairy
industry, the first products of its herds being hauled to Los Angeles to market.
A creamery company was organized in 1895, which invested $5,000 in a building.
These improved facilities increased the profits; still with the drainage of the peat
lands to the south and the introduction of cultivated crops the land became too
valuable for a mere cattle range. At the present time all kinds of stock and
poultry raising is tarried on to a certain extent, and nearly every product of the
farm and garden is grown in great profusion.

Wintersburg is a shipping station on the Newport Beach and Smeltzer branch
of the Southern Pacific Railroad one mile south of Smeltzer.

Yorba takes its name from some of the Spanish families in its vicinity. It
is a station on the Santa Fe Railway to Riverside, east of Richfield. Its sur-
roundings are adapted to fruits, grain, vegetables and stock and poultry raising.

Yorba Linda is a comparatively new town north of the Santa Ana River and
east of Yorba on the Riverside branch of the Santa Fe Railway. It has made
a fine start and, with so many thriving young orchards, it will continue to grow.

CHAPTER XIV

ORANGE COUNTY'S SCHOOLS

Perhaps the best index of the character uf any people may be found in riic
provision such people make for the education of their ofifspring. In order to make
a fair showing of the school facilities of Orange County in the briefest space
possible, it is thought best to present in tabular form the same kind of data about
every school in the county. The following four descriptive items have been
selected out of more than a dozen given in Superintendent ^Mitchell's report for
1920, as most typical of the size and quality of the county's schools, viz., Number
of teachers, number of pupils, value of property and }'ear's expenses.

Elementary Schools

Numljer Number \'alue Expenses

of of of of

Names of Districts Teachers Pupils Property 1919-1920

1. Alamitos 2 49 $ 1,850 $ 3,053.31

2. Anaheim 29 852 168,050 103,768.77

3. Bay Citv 3 75 12,325 4,307.10

4. Bolsa .' 2 57 18,350 16,106.36

S Rrea 12 295 68,850 21,841.67

6. Buena Park 4 - 83 8,060 6,886.47

7. Centralia 2 47 5,550 2,599.14

8. Commonwealth 1 30 4,100 1,054.90

9. Cypress 2 45 3,140 2,627.60

10. Delhi 4 100 13,000 . 4,701.65

11. Diamond 1 34 3,300 1,518.02

12. El Modena 7 150 36,900 9,222.37

13. El Toro 2 47 7,000 2,008.66

14. Fountain Valley 2 57 5,600 2,771.46

15. Fullerton 24 594 92,500 49,648.41

16. Garden Grove 11 272 21,500 14,774.96

HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY

17. Greenville 1

18. Harper-Fairview 3

19. Huntington Beach 11

20. Katella 3

21. Lagnna 2

22. La Habra 11

23. Laurel 4

24. Loara 4

25. Lowell Joint 2

26. Magnolia 2

27. Newhope 2

28. Newport BeacH 4

29. Ocean View 4

30. Olinda fi

31. Olive 3

32. Orange 2.^

33. Orangethorpe 3

34. Paularino 1

35. Peralta 1

36. Placentia-Richfield 16

37. San Joaquin 3

38. San Juan 3

39. Santa Ana 73

40. Savanna 2

41. Serra 1

42. Silverado 1

43. Springdale 2

44. Trabuco 1

45. Tustin 12

46. Villa Park 2

47. Westminster 3

48. Yorba ' 2

49. Yorba Linda 5

Totals 324

228
79

111
26
53
42

101
82

188
80

645

102
30
24

361
96
93
1.930
32
9
14
22
12

260
64
84
51

142

15,300
10,675
96,550

6,750

5,750
50,000

6,600
12,200
20,000

3,100

1,600
33,975
11,790
14,700
16,800
113,000
15,500
975

2,550
53,750

7,100

10,800

281,950

2,250

450

4,950

650

61,000

2,200
17,800

3,700
10,700

13,973.11
5,558.21

20,575.00
4,252.64
3,051.33

22,004.45
4,705.18
5,493.80
2,847.00
2,326.95
1,930.06
6,329.70
5,423.58

11,057.92

19,854.76

38,631.84

5,167.36

942.35

938.17

47,560.01

3,850.74

4,727.18

112,826.51

2,131.36

874.56

902.95

2,522.11

1,117.87

20,399.45

24,606.89
3,773.39
2,524.69

17,159.16

8,194 $1,365,280 $666,931.93

High Schools

The legislature of 1891 passed two high school laws, one allowing the people
in an entire county to authorize the establishment and maintenance of one or more
high schools at the expense of the county, and the other permitting two or more
contiguous school districts to unite and form a union high school district. The
county board of education advocated the establishment of a high school under
the former la^v. After more or less agitation of the subject, petitions were circu-
lated, signed and presented to the board of supervisors asking that an election be
called to vote on the question. With one exception, the supervisors were in favor
of the county measure, and called the election for August 29, 1891. The super-
visor from the Fourth District, having failed to even delay the calling of the
election, started in to defeat the measure at the polls. He furnished the county
papers each week with articles against a county high school and carried on a dis^
cussion in the Evening Blade with Gen. H. A. Pierce, a Santa Ana attorney, over
the legal points involved. .\ resident of Tustin reported that the papers con-
taining these articles were passed from voter to voter until they were literallv
worn out. The result of the election was 749 votes in favor of a county high
school and 1,026 against. This defeat prepared the way for union high schools
in different parts of the county, instead of one large institution at the count\'
seat. There are now (1920) six of these schools in the countv, each doing good

90 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

work and in flourishing condition, allowing the pupils to board at home while
pursuing their advanced studies in the high school.

The following statistics, along the same lines as those presented on the ele-
mentary schools, show that these high schools are appreciated and are liberally-
supported and patronized by the communities in which they are located.

Number Number A'alue Expenses

of of of of

Names of Schools Teachers Pupils Property 1919-1920

1. Anaheim 22 330 $ 172,500 $61,463.93

2. Capistrano (new) ...

3. Fullerton 30 337 491,000 201,653.67

4. Huntington Beach 12 173 108,800 33,172.96

5. Orange 23 393 137.200 61,404.12

6. Santa Ana 51 981 391,000 126,422.32

Totals 147 2,416 $1,300,300 $484,110.20

Junior Colleges
There are two junior colleges in the county at the present time ( 1920). They
are carried on in connection with their respective high schools and are dependent
on them for teachers, grounds, buildings and other accommodations, leaving
nothing but the number of pupils to be reported in this paragraph, as follows:

1. Fullerton Junior College 79 Pupils

2. Santa Ana Junior College 51 Pupils

Total ninnber in Colleges 130 Pupils

Number of Graduates
The number of graduates from the schools of the county in the class of 1920
was as follows:

Names of Schools Boys Girls Totals

Elementary Schools 2>22 306 628

Anaheim Union Pligh 46 63 111

Fullerton Union High 20 39 88

Huntington Beach Union High 3 13 20

Orange Union High 2,2 29 61

Santa Ana Union ^High 46 63 111

Total, l-nion 1 ligh Schools 138 2?<2 391

Fullerton Junior College 6 8 14

Santa Ana Junior College 5 3

Totals from Junior College 6 .13 19

Public Kindergartens
Nine of the school districts maintain kindergartens in coimection with the
other grades of their elementary schools. Most of these, like the junior colleges,
are somewhat dependent on another department for grounds, buildings and other
accommodations; still they are so far separate that the same lines of data can be
given on them as on the other departments, as follows:

Number Number A'alue Expenses

of of of of

Names of Kindergartens Teachers Pupils Property 1919-1920

1. Anaheim 2 97 $1,700 $2,177.73

2. P.rea • 2 40 2.313 1,900.00

3. Fullerton 2 62 4,300 4,267.20

HISTORY OF OR.\.\r,|{ CorXTV

4. Iluntiugton Heach

5. La Halira

6. Olinda

7. Orauge

8. Santa Ana

9. Tustin

1,312

2.318.46

4,500

1,932.16

1,106

1,435.27

5,025

3,327.01

311

9,250

7,408.16

26
746

3,006

1,875.00

$32,514

$24,765.99

Totals

Private Schools

There are at least seven private schools in the county, sui)ported by religious
(leiioniinations, or by tuition charged the pupils, instead of by taxation as are
the ]5ublic schools, .\lthough not quite so easy to trace and separate the items
as with public schools, \et some of the lines of data can be given on the private
schools, as follows :

Names of Schools Te<-
Seventh Dav Adventists, Garden
Grove

imber

ichers

Number

of
Pupils

18
160

31
193
147
100

200

\'alue

of-

Property

Ivxpen.ses

of
191<)-1920

545 00

St. John's Parochial, Orange

Lutheran Trinity, Olive

St. Joseph's Academy, Anaheim..

St. Catharine's, Anaheim

St. Joseph's Grammar, Santa Ana
Orange Co. Bus. College, Santa
Ana

=^445 00

1 700 00

25,000

Totals

849

25.000

7.690.00

Grand Totals for County.... 524 12.335 $2,723,294 $1,183,507.12
As an indication of the growth of the schools of Orange County and of the
way the taxpayers respond to the call for more school accommodations. County
School Superintendent Mitchell gave out figures on March 16, 1920, showing that
a number of districts in the county had voted an aggregate of $870,000 worth of
bonds since Alarch, 1919, to be used in the erection of new buildings, while other
districts are planning to vote bonds within the next six months that will bring the
total up to $1,100,000. Inasmuch as a few districts, which need more school
room, failed to get the necessary two-thirds vote for their bonds, we may be per-
mitted to state here some of the underlying principles that should govern the
voting of bonds.

A public corporation, such as a state, count)- or district, issuing bonds upon
all the taxable property within its jurisdiction, as security for the repayment of
borrowed money with interest, is like an individual's placing a mortgage on his
property for the same purpose. In either case the borrower must meet his obliga-
tion or have his property seized and sold, in the one case for delinquent taxes and
in the other under foreclosure of the mortgage, to repay the lender. It behooves
every citizen, therefore, to weigh carefully the needs for the public improvement
called for at any tiine, as well as the ability of the average taxpayer to meet his
pro rata of the obligation he is thus helping to incur, before he votes for bonds.

The officers in charge of any dejsartment, or portion of the government,
having concluded that more room, or other accommodations, is absolutely neces-
sary for the successful handling of the increasing business of such department,
should carefully consider the ways and means for procuring the needed improve-
ment. If the amotuit wanted is small, it may be obtained by a single assessment
or tax : but. if large, it will rc(|uire several assessments or taxes in succession, or

92 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

a bond issue, to raise the requisite amount of money. A succession of assess-
ments or tax levies can only be applied when the improvement can be made a
piece at a time, like road building. This method of raising money is much more
economical than issuing bonds, and also gives opportunity to correct mistakes in
construction, that may be discovered by use, before much money is misspent.

For instance, after the proceeds of the good road bond issue were practically
exhausted, the county highway commission decided that the concrete base would
be stronger and better with one part less of sand in the mixture. Still later the
supervisors concluded that the paving should be five inches thick instead of four to
withstand the strain of the heavy traffic. If this paving had been done under the
continued contract system, a portion each year, instead of all at once under a
big bond issue, the improved methods just described could have been applied to
the unpaved portions of the highways to be improved, and thus have made a
better job on the greater part of the work.

Another case in point is the improvement of the ditches of the Santa Ana
Valley Irrigation Company. From three to seven miles of these ditches were
lined or piped wi^h cement concrete each year until now practically the whole
system is thus improved. Funds for this work were obtained by levying about
three ten-per-cent assessments per annum on the capital stock of the company,
every dollar of which went directly into the work. This vast improvement, cost-
ing thousands of dollars, but worth millions to the central part of the county,
was accomplished without much hardship on the stockholders and without a dollar
of indebtedness to the company. Had bonds been issued to finance the im-
provement, more than double the par value of the bonds would have been spent
loefore the last bond was paid off, to say nothing about the money that would
have been wasted in mistakes, if the work had all been done at once thirty
years ago.

However, there are some kinds of public improvements requiring large sums
of mone}', like school buildings, which must be completed at the time of their
construction in order to get the immediate use of the entire structures. Such
improvements must be financed by the issue of bonds ; there is no other practical
way. Since good schools are essential to the future welfare of the community,
state and nation, and since they cannot be carried on successfully without adequate
support, it becomes the patriotic duty of loyal citizens to economize on other
enterprises, that can either be dispensed with altogether or be procured by "the
continued contract system," and give their hearty support to their schools by
voting bonds for needed improvements, provided that such improvements are
wisely planned without any extravagant superfluities.

Evidence of Efficiency

The foregoing record of the establishment and maintenance of Orange
County's schools, wonderful as it is, would be incomplete without some evidence
of the efficiency of such schools.

The high schools of this county are accredited by the University of California,
showing that their scholarship is rated as high as that of other schools. They
have repeatedly joined in friendly rivalry in forensic and athletic contests with
the high schools of other counties, to quicken the pupils' interest in elocution
and keep their equilibrium, in accordance with the Latin formula. Mens saiia in
corporc sano. In all such contests Orange County's representatives have proved
to be the peers of their competitors.

XMiile every person receives more or less benefit from his attendance at
.school, according to his ability and application, and hundreds ot Orange County
high school graduates are filling positions of importance and trust in the trades
and professions, yet lack of space will permit only a few, from such of the schools
as have furnished the data, to be mentioned as examples of pupils who have re-
ceived at least a part of their preparation in these schools and who are making

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 93

good in every walk of life, with honor to themselves and credit to tlieir aliiia
iiiatcr, as follows:

Louis E. Plummer, Principal of the FuUerton L'nion High School, kindly
furnished the following data about that institution :

The Fullerton Union high school was organized in \S')3. Mr. W. R. Car-
penter was elected principal, serving until 1906, at which time he became County
Superintendent of Schools and was succeeded in Fullerion by Mr. Delbert Brun-
ton. Mr. Brunton served as principal until 1916. at which time he was superseded
by ]\lr. E. W. Hauck, wdio in turn was followed by Mr. Louis E. Plummer, the
present principal. During the time of Mr. Carpenter's service the school grew
until the enrollment reached 65. The period of greatest growth came during the
ten years of Mr. Brunton's service as principal. At the time he left the school in
1916 the total attendance reached 400. In 1913 a junior college was established,
in connection with the high school. The college has flourished. The enrollment
for 1920-21 totals nearly 100, while our high school for the same year totals 650.

So many of the persons who spent their school days in the Fullerton LTnion
high school have achieved more or less prominence that it becomes a difficult task
to select those deserving of special mention. A few, however, will be mentioned
with the full knowledge that many more as worthy will remain unnamed so far
as this article is concerned.

The first graduating class, that of 1896, numbered only two, both of whom
have made their mark in their chosen work. Mr. Arthur Staley continued his
education in Stanford University, graduating in 1900. Since that time he has
held positions of influence in his own community. He is an auditor of high
ability, a splendid packing house foreman, and very successful rancher. Mr.
Thomas McFadden, also a graduate of Stanford University, is now a very suc-
cessful and prominent attorney of Orange County, with residence and extensive
citrus holdings at Placentia.

Dewitt Montgomery of the class of 1897 has proven unusually successful in
the teaching profession. Following his graduation from Stanford University his
marked ability won for him position as county superintendent of schools in Santa
Rosa County. He was later elected city superintendent of schools of A'isalia,
which position he now holds.

A student and athlete in his school days in the Fullerton Union high school
later won for himself undying fame in the pitcher's box in big league company.
This person is none other than the world-famous pitcher, \\'alter Johnson, of the
\\ashington Nationals.

A young attorney, growing in prominence, and likely some time to be heard
of in state affairs, is Mr. Albert Launer. now city attorney for Fullerton. Mr.
Launer graduated with the class of 1909, and after completing his law course,
returned to northern Orange County to win his first laurels.

Mr. Arthur Schultz, a graduate of the class of 1902, is steadily climbing
upward in the ministerial field. Mr. Schultz is now located at San Diego.

]\lr. Barrett Case, a classmate of Mr. Schultz, entered the University of Cali-
fornia to take engineering work. He later returned to the oil fields of northern
Orange County, where he remained in the employ of the Columbia Oil Company
for a number of years. He now holds a position of importance with the State
Mining Bureau in the Oil Production Department.

A more recent graduate of the high school. Air. Max Flenderson, of the
class of 1908, is one of Orange County's most successful dentists. He is now
located at Anaheim, and has one of the largest practices in the county.

Miss Sue Dauser, a graduate of the class of 1907, later took training in the
California Hospital and followed the profession of nursing. During the recent
war she was in charge of the relief work at Camp Kearney. She has served her
country and fellowmen with such rare skill that she became known to many-
through her activities.

94 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Captain Delbert Brunton, late principal of the Orange Union high school,
with the assistance of Professors Mason M. Fishback and Alfred Higgins, fur-
nished the following list of a few of the graduates of this school who have made
good and what they are doing :

Fred Kellev, \\'orld Champion High Hurdler, Lieutenant of Aviation, U.
S. A.

Nina Harbour, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, A'assar College for Women.

Care}' Billingsley, M.D. Died in service of his fellowmen during the influ-
enza epidemic.

Clyde Shoemaker, J.D., Prominent Attorney, Los Angeles, Calif.

Revoe Briggs, Civil Engineer in the Government Service. Prominent in
afifairs in Alaska.

May Bathgate, State Sanitation work. State Board of Health.

Jesse Crawshaw, Lieutenant Lifantry, U. S. A.

Ruby Campbell, Social Worker, Hamburger Dept. Store, Los Angeles, Calif.

Arline Davis, Librarian, Riverside, Calif.

Aileen Everett, Phi Beta Kappa, graduate Stanford. Y. W. C. A. work.

U. S. Fitzpatrick, Attorney ; Consul, Central America.

William Hinrichs, Baseball Pitcher on Washington American team. Went
direct from High School to the big league. Retired on account of injury.

Walter Kogler, Banker, 1st National Bank, Orange, Calif.

William Kroener, Lieutenant Infantry, U. S. A.; Y. "Si. C. A. Secretary;
Medical Student, University Chicago.

Edward Lucy, Instructor in Radio, Harvard L'niversitv Radio School, during
the World War.

Leighton Bascom, Ensign in U. S. N. during the A\'orld War. Banker in
Santa Ana.

Frank Aldrich, Assistant Paymaster, U. S. N., during the World A\'ar.

Norman Luke, Lieutenant Aviation, U. S. A.

\'erl Murray, noted track athlete. On Olympic Team, 1920.

]\Iaurice Perry, Lieutenant Infantry, LI. S. A.

Clyde Slater, Lieutenant Infantry, U. S. A. Now a student at the University
of California.

Paul Schooley, Athlete. State Agricultural College, N. C.

]\Iaurice Forney. Instructor, LIniversity of California.

Ralph Woods, M.D., Los Angeles Hospital.

Lew Wallace, Instructor in Farm JMechanics, University of Nebraska.

Besides the laurels of individual students, like Fred Kelley and others, won
in athletic contests, the school has become distinguished by the phenomenal succc-s
of its baseball, basketball and track teams on many a hard-fought tield in the
southern part of the state. In fact, the men's basketball team holds the champion-
ship of the California and Nevada high schools at the present time. In 1918
the school won five first prizes in forensic contests, one by each class, and one by
the school; an unusual occurrence in a single contest.

The Santa Ana High School was established in 1889 in the building on
Church Street, now known as the Washington School. In 1897 it was moved
to larger quarters at Tenth and Main streets, wdiere it remained until the present
modern Polytechnic plant was completed for it in the fall of 1913. Since its
establishment, diplomas have been granted to 1,533 graduates, the class of I'CO
numbering 112.

Space will not permit the mentioning of the names of the many graduates
of the high school who have been successful in their chosen life work. Found
near and far will be ministers, teachers, farmers, lawyers, doctors and business
men along various lines who have been successful.

Charles Martin, an authority on Oriental Relations, is now a Professor of
International Law at the University of California.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY ' 95

W'illsie Martin is pastor of the First ^fethodist Church of Hollywood; also
a lecturer.

John Nourse is Associate Justice of the District Court of Appeals.

James Nourse is a Washington and New York correspondent.
. Glenn ^lartin. while not a graduate, is a Santa Ana boy and his success as
an inventor, manufacturer and operator in aviation is well known.

CHAPTER XV

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND SITES

Shortly after the organization of Orange County, temporary provision was
made for housing the prisoners in a little brick jail which cost the county, without
the cells, about $4,000. \\"ith the kindest of motives the jailer was in the habit
of leaving the cell doors open so the prisoners could have the range of the entire
jail for air and exercise. Some vagrants took advantage of this liberty and picked
a hole through the brick wall with a case knife, thereby making their escape. At
the rec|uest of the sherifT. the superior judge issued an order requiring him to
place a guard over the jail. This was the jail, thus guarded, from which Fran-
cisco Torres was taken and hanged, as narrated in the Chapter of Tragedies.
The building and lot were sold to the city as soon as the present county jail
was ready for occupancy.

Early in the nineties the board of supervisors called for sealed proposals
for a site for the county buildings. A half dozen persons responded with offers
of sites ranging in price from one dollar for a block in the Harlin tract on East
Fourth Street up to $16,500 for a block on Birch Street by John Avas. None
of the supervisors favored the Harlin site, notwithstanding its cheapness, because
it was distant from the center of the city and was on comparatively low ground.
Two, Yoch and Hawkins, favored the old Layman property, offered by Joseph
Yoch for $6,000; two, Tedford and Schorn, favored the present site, offered by
W. H. Spurgeon for $9,500 and afterwards reduced to $8,000; and one. Armor,
favored the block immediately south of the present intermediate school site on
North Main Street, offered by James Buckley on behalf of the Fruit heirs for
$5,000. When attention was called to the impropriety of the chairman's support-
ing his own oft'er, the advocates of the Laj'man site joined the supporters of the
Spurgeon site; and, when the advocate of the Fruit site failed to get any support
for his choice, he also joined the supporters of the Spurgeon site and made the
vote unanimous. Thus was the present site of the courthouse and jail selected
and purchased from W. H. Spurgeon for the sum of $8,000.

Not long after the purchase of the site for the county buildings, the board of
supervisors took steps for the erection of a commodious and substantial count\-
jail. Provision was made in the tax levy to raise the funds by a direct tax; the
plans of Dennis and Farwell of Los Angeles were adopted : and the contract
for the erection of the building was awarded to Hulteen & Bergstrom of Los
.\ngeles, who were the lowest bidders. This firm was hampered throughout
the work by the lack of capital, certifying bills to the supervisors for payment in
advance of the suins due on the building, which created friction with the board.
It also quarreled with Hall's Safe and Lock Company and protested against the
full payment of that company's bills for steel and iron work. The board, there-
fore, quit the payment of all bills and instructed the district attorney to bring
suit compelling the claimants to interplead and settle their accounts through the
court. This was done and only such bills as were approved by the court were
allowed by the supervisors. The contractors then' stopped work and locked mi
the building, hoping to compel the board to make terms with them. Instead
of doing so, however, the supervisors took forcible possession of the building
and had it completed according to the plans and specifications, charging the

96 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

cost to the contractors. Thus were the pubUc interests protected and the unfor-
tunate compUcations cleared away with as httle loss as possible to all concerned.
The entire cost of the jail to the county was about $23,000.

Because of the cramped quarters for the county offices, the exposed condition
of the county records and the clause in the deed to the site requiring a court house
to be built thereon within ten years after its purchase, a movement was started
early in 1899 to raise funds and commence the erection of the building. An
election was called for September 5, 1899, to vote on the question of issuing
$100,000 court house bonds. At this election the bonds carried by a vote of
1,414 in favor to 283 against. On the submission of competitive plans for the
building by different architects, there followed a campaign of villification and
vituperation by certain newspapers and mechanics to secure the adoption of the
plan each was championing rather than any one of the others. To all appear-
ances, some of the non-resident architects had enlisted these local influences against
their competitors to help land the prize for themselves. Charges of corruption
were made and denied ; the board of supervisors investigated some of the accusa-
tions against its own members and seriously considered bringing suit against the
worst offenders. Finally the two supervisors who were supporting the plans of
C. B. Bradshaw, fearing the other three might unite on the worst plans, changed
over to the plans of C. L. Strange, which were thus adopted December 20, 1899.
The contract for the erection of the building was let to Chris. McNeal of Santa
Ana, who carried it through to completion in a creditable and workmanlike man-
ner. The cost of the court house, including a few expensive changes, was about
$117,000.

On Tune 8, 1912, the Grand Avenue schoolhouse in Santa Ana was leased
by the county for a Detention Home. Two months and a half later the super-
visors bought the building and grounds from the Santa Ana Board of Education
for $2,750. The purchase of this property enabled the county to make improve-
ments in the buildings and grounds for the convenience of the management and
the comfort of the inmates that otherwise could not have been made.

A bond election for two purposes was held on July 20, 1912, viz., to vote
on the issue of $60,000 bonds for a county hospital, almshouse and poor farm
combined, and on the issue of $100,000 for county bridges. The returns on the
hospital bonds were. Yes, 1,983 and No, 361 : and those on the bridge bonds were
Yes, 1,829 and No, 479. Notice of intention to buy seventy-two acres of land for
$24,250 from the Dawn Land Company, as a site for the county hospital and
poor farm, was given by the board of supervisors on October 22, 1912, and the
purchase was completed November 19, following. This site is in West Orange
and is a part of the U. L. Shaffer estate, west of the Southern -Pacific Railway at
the end of Chapman Avenue. A contract for the erection of foreman's bungalow
and four cottages was awarded to Anderson & Boi^-ard, on December 26, 1912,
for $5,996: also one to Horton & Eaton Company to furnish a 6,000-gallon tank
on a thirty-foot octagonal tower with three-horsepower motor and Bulldozer head
pump, for $700. Chris McNeal was given the contract to erect the main hospital
building for $45,441, on September 16, 1913, and IMunger & Munger were awarded
the contract for the lighting and heating plant for $5,115. November 18, 1913,
A. H. Anderson secured the contract to erect three cottages, a laundry and club
house for $8,450. February 17, 1914, Robertson & Packard were employed to put
electrical fixtures into the'county hospital for $412; and March 10 the Johns-
Manville Company to put in refrigerator and ice box for $494.40. On .\pril 14,
the bid of the Western Laundry Machinery Company was accepted to put in
laundry appliances for $2,232 ; and Fairbanks-Morse Company's bid of $65.50 for
a motor was also accepted. A month later Chris McNeal was given the contract
to provide sewers and sewer connections for the hospital buildings for $5,545.
November 17, 1914, Fred Siefert secured a contract for buildings at the county
farm amounting to $10,925. August 8. 1917, contracts were given to G. A. Bar-
rows to erect a service building, including dining room and kitchen, at the poor

HISTURY OF CJRAXGE COUNTY 97

farm for $7,652, to the Anglo Range & Refrigerator Company for kitchen equip-
ment for $2,357 and to the Automatic Refrigerator Company for refrigerator
equipment and cold storage boxes for $3,707.

The following clipping from the Santa Ana Register is of interest:

"With the sale, announced by F. \\'. Slabaugh, county purchasing agent, of
5,240 pounds of lima beans, grown on the Orange County Farm property, at the
end of West Chapman Avenue, it became known today that $641.90 has been
added to the account of the institution, and that the farm's income from all
sources this year will total slightly more than $10,000.

"The lima beans were sold to the C. C. Collins Company, buyers of this city,
at twelve and one-quarter cents per pound.

"The County Farm property consists of appro.ximately seventy-two acres.
There are 1,000 six-year-old Valencia orange trees on the property, as well as 1,600
one-year-old \'alencias. The income from these trees during the present year was
$3,131, Slabaugh announced.

"It is estimated that the returns from the oranges next year will be at least
$7,000. There is a bumper crop on the trees, and Slabaugh has recently purchased
2,000 props for use in preventing branches from breaking as a result of the great
weight of fruit.

"In addition to the oranges that are sold, an ample supply is always available
for use of the 80 persons who live at the farm.

"While the Orange County Farm is not a self-sustaining institution, still the
cost of operation is cut down considerably by sales of fruit. There are two acres
of deciduous fruit on the property. In addition, the farm raises its own vege-
tables. Four cows supply milk for the institution."

Shortly after the county came into possession of the grounds now forming
the county park, a cottage was erected for the use of the custodian ; a well was
dug. a tank and engine were provided and the water was piped into the house and
to different parts of the grounds where needed. A few years later, a neat and
commodious pavilion was built for dancing and the use of assemblies. Furnaces
were built for outdoor cooking; long tables and benches were stationed under
the trees for large picnic parties to spread their lunches ; swings, teeters and other
devices for the amusement of the children were supplied. On October 21, 1913.
E. G. Stinson contracted to excavate a basin of considerable proportions for a
lake in the county park for the modest sum of $3,960. Boats and a boatliouse
soon were added to the accommodations of the park and now aquatic sports are
available for those who enjoy such pastimes. On the same date, C. ^I. Jordan
agreed to refit and furnish the old office of the sheriff in the court house, to
accommodate the new department of the superior court, for the sum of $1,529.50.

On December 23, 1919, the board of supervisors accepted a proposition sub-
mitted by Florence Yoch, landscape architect of Los Angeles and daughter of
Joseph Y'och of this city, with reference to beautifying Orange County Park.

Included in the services which are to be rendered are the drawing up of a
picture plan of the park ; working drawings and an engineering plan for system
of walks and roads, indicating the proposed planting areas and locating buildings,
recreational features and park utilities ; a sketch of the proposed treatment of the
entrance : detailed planting plans for the entrance : a report and recommendation
concerning methods, time and amounts of development; personal supervision of
the laying out of roads and principal walks and personal supervision of such
planting as may be done at this time.

On July 10. 1919. C. ]\IcXeill was awarded the contract to make changes
in the court house, to provide better accommodations for Department 2 of the
Superior Court, for the sum of $10,558. A memorial arch is being built at Orange
County Park and other improvements are under consideration.

98 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

On September 16, 1919, G. A. Barrows was awarded the contract for build-
ing a garage at the County Hospital for the sum of $2,935.

December 2, 1919, a contract was let to E. W. Smith to build a cowshed at
the county farm for the sum of $1,099.65.

On March 4, 1920, the supervisors awarded a contract for building a count)
garage at the southeast corner of Church and Sycamore streets to R. C. MclMillan
for $27,000, which was the lowest of seven bids. They also awarded the contract
for erecting a sheriff's office, at the southeast corner of Seventh and Sycamore
streets, to the same bidder for the sum of $4,600.

While the foregoing list of disbursements does not include money spent for
changes, repairs and small furnishings, it does include practically all the large
constructive expenditures for sites and buildings for the county offices and public
institutions. An examination of these accommodations and of the methods by
which they were procured will convince any fair-minded citizen that the public
funds have been judiciously expended and that the county has got value received
for the money paid out.

CHAPTER XVI

PLEASURE DRIVES AND RESORTS

The title to most of the land in Orange County caine down through Spanish
grants. The largest of these grants is the San Joaquin ranch, which extends en-
tirely across the county from northeast to southwest and contains 108,000 acres.
The greater part of this vast estate still belongs to one person, James Irvine, who
leases parts of the hill land for grazing and parts of the valley land for agricul-
ture and occupies other parts with enterprises of his own. In the basin of San-
tiago Creek, which flows across the ranch, are some fine groves of large sycamore
and live oak trees. One of the finest of these groves had been used as a picnic
ground by the people long before the property came into the possession of the
present owner. In considering how to make the best use of his heritage Mr.
Irvine conceived the idea of donating that grove to the county for a pleasure resort
for the people. He accordingly conferred with the supervisors as to the best
method of protecting the gift and making it effective in accomplishing the benefi-
cent purposes intended by the donation. The conditions proposed by I\Ir. Irvine
and agreed to by the board of supervisors were that the tract should be enclosed
and put in charge of a keeper, thereby protecting the inajestic trees from destruc-
tion, and that the sale of intoxicating liquors should not be permitted anywhere on
the property. All the preliminaries having been satisfactorily arranged, Orange
County, through the generosity of James Irvine, caine into possession, on October
11, 1897, of 160 acres of the finest wood land in the southern part of the state.
as a perpetual playground for its inhabitants.

Some time during the seventies Rev. H. H. Messenger, a retired Episcopal
clergyinan, bought a tract of land on the mesa south of the present location of the
town of El Modena and settled a small colony of members of that denomination
on it. These people, having no water system provided and being without means
with which to develop one, soon starved out and scattered to parts unknown. A
few years later David Hewes caine down from San Francisco, bought this land
and set to work to improve it. One of the oracles in that vicinity warned him
that nothing could be done with such land. Air. Hewes answered that he could
cover the tract with twenty dollar gold pieces, if he wanted to. "You'll have to
do so, to make it worth anything," was the retort. Nevertheless, the Hewes
orchards, consisting of about 525 acres, are now worth a million dollars and the
Hewes Park is one of the show places of the county.

In January, 1920, the David Hewes Realty Company, representing the heirs
of the Hewes estate, sold the property to a syndicate of Los Angeles and Orange

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 99

County people for $1,000,000, which is an average of about $1,487 per acre for
the 672.54 acres of highly improved, water-stocked land. The improvements con-
sist of 425 acres of lemons, 212 acres of \'alencia oranges, fifteen acres in the
park, two large packing houses, pumping plant and pipe lines, ranch houses, etc.
The principal reason for such valuable property selling below the market price is
that its magnitude prevented competition among buyers. The market price for
good bearing orchards ranges from $3,000 to $5,000 per acre. In a few instances
offers of $6,000 per acre have been refused.

About a quarter of a century ago a nine-hole golf course was laid out in the
valley southeast of the El Modena grade. Among those interested in the sport,
the following names have been recalled: James Irvine, Dr. J. P. Boyd, W. H.
Burnham, R. H. Sanborn, James Fullerton and Henri F. Gardner. Golfing
parties would be made up in the diliferent communities from time to time as in-
clination prompted and the cares of business permitted until the inclination was
overborne by the cares and the sport languished. Then in 1910 the club revived
and increased its membership to about 100, drawing in such members as F. I!.
Browning, J. R. Porter, A. T- Klunk, Kellar Watson, C. F. Newton, H. T. Ruther-
ford, C. G. and A. C. Twist, J. F. Parsons, J. W. Tubbs, and George B. Shat-
tuck. In 1913 jNIessrs. Browning, Porter and Shattuck looked up the present
grounds, containing about 160 acres adjoining the city of Newport Beach west
of the bay, which the club leased for ten years with the privilege of renewal for-
another like period. The name "The Santiago Golf Club," was dropped and
June 4, 1914, the organization was incorporated as The Orange County Country
Club. An eighteen-hole course was laid out and a club house built. A tennis
court and croc|uet grounds were also provided. A professional is employed to give
instruction and look after the grounds, which are kept open the year round for the
use of members. The membership has increased to 278 and the present oificers
are: Charles G. Twist, president; F. B. Browning, vice-president; George B.
Shattuck. secretary; Harry L. Hanson, treasurer; and board of directors as fol-
lows: C. G. Twist, F. B. Browning, C. S. Gilbert, Lew ^^'allace, W. A. Huff,
Edward McWilliams, C. D. Holmes, Hugh G. Smith and George B. Shattuck.
With automobiles and good roads, groups of players come to the grounds from
anv distance for an afternoon's sport in the open air; besides special features are
nrovided at intervals in the club house for the entertainment of the members.

In 1910 C. E. Utt and Sherman Stevens bought about 600 acres of hill land
northeast of Tustin and the following year commenced to set out orchards and
build roads and drives. The eminence was christened "Lemon Heights" and earl)-
attracted the attention of Mr. Marcy, one of J. Ogden Armour's lieutenants. He
bought the original purchase of Messrs. Utt and Stevens, and later added to his
holdings over a thousand acres, purchased from others. Much of this land is
unfit for cultivation ; but with water it is susceptible of improvement as a park,
like Smiley Heights at Redlands. However, Mr. Marcy is already developing
about three hundred acres, Ixiilding scenic roads, setting out orchards and con-
veying water to the tract. The water is supplied from three wells near Tustin,
and is forced to the heights through two twelve-inch steel pipes, by electric power,
which convey 240 inches into a large reservoir on the very top of the heights,
from where such water can be delivered through pipes by gravity to all parts of
the tract. He also has a well on his own land which yields thirty inches of water.
Air. Stevens disposed of all his interests in the enterprise some time ago, but
Mr. LTtt still retains about 200 acres of the land and a large share in, if not com-
plete control of, the main water sujiply. Other former Chicagoans who are
financially interested, are Robert M. Simons, who has over ninety acres set to
oranges and lemons, and Doctor and Mrs. Bartholomew, who have about si.xty-five
acres. Of local people besides Mr. Utt there are .'Xrthur Lyon, who recently
refused $108,000 for his thirty-eight acre orange and lemon orchard ; Doctor
Waffle, who has about thirty acres of lemons, and a number of others with smaller
holdings. .\ fine view of the valleys and plains, constituting the central and soutlv

100 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

ern portions of the county, may be had from these heights; and doubtless many
]ialatial residences will be erected there in the near future, whose occupants may
thus perennially enjoy the beauties of nature enhanced by the arts of civilization.
From time immemorial San Juan Hot Springs in the canyon of that name,
has had quite a reputation as a health resort. Water may be obtained there at an}-
temperature desired, without artificial heat ; but whether it has mineral ingredients
that give it medicinal value we are not advised. It is well attested, however, that
hot baths at these springs have relieved patients afflicted with dififerent diseases,
and that the tepid mud baths have been very helpful in the treatment of rheu-
matism. Hence, if any one wishes to get rid of his rheumatics while enjoying
a pleasant outing, let liim camp at these hot springs for a few weeks, taking a
regular course of warm baths and spending the rest of the time in exhilarating
exercise and refreshing sleep.

A number of the cities and towns in the county have a plaza or public park,
a breathing place, as such places are called in the large cities. The land for this
purpose is sometimes donated to the public by the person or company that lays
out the town, and in other cases it is donated by some public-spirited citizen or
association of such citizens. In the former case the land often lies neglected for
several years, a sort of "No avian's Land," while in the latter case the improve-
ment generally follows immediately after the donation. The plaza at Westminster
is an example of the former class, and is specifically mentioned because it has
come under the care of the board of supervisors. The Stearns Land Company
donated about four acres to the community for a plaza and two acres each to
the Presbyterian Church and the public school for building sites in the year 1871.
No improvement was made on the plaza grounds for forty years. Then the com-
munity had to chip in and buy the property back, for through its own inattention
it had allowed it to be illegally assessed and sold for taxes pa.st redemption.
Nearly $400 was raised for this purpose and for sinking a well. This well flowed
for a while : but, with the capping and the light rainfall, it has ceased to flow,
in common with all the wells in that vicinity. In 1914 the care of the park was
committed to the board of supervisors and in 1916 trees were furnished by the
forestry commission. January 8, 1919. the supervisors appointed James A. J\lc-
Fadden caretaker of this park and he has bought an engine and pump ; so the
prospects for better care are brightening. This example illustrates the difficulty
of a community in having any public improvements without a local government
to take care of such improvements. It also shows that the community has the
right spirit at heart in recovering its plaza and taking steps to improve the same.
Doubtless this spirit will push the improvement until the \\'estminster Plaza will
rank with similar "beauty spots" in other cities. Santa Ana's Birch Park is almost
as popular as the County Park in attracting small groups of people for an outdoor
lunch and a c|uiet social time. The Plaza at Orange forms a picture in the minds
of the beholders that never can be forgotten, to say nothing about the pleasure it
affords citizens with leisure to enjoy its comfortable seats and grateful shade
while discussing the questions of the day. Anaheim was willing to pay six per
cent interest per annum on a twenty-acre orange orchard, vahied at $60,000,
during the life of the owner, to acquire the property at his death for park pur-
poses : but the governor vetoed the legislative act designed to legalize such a deal.
Since the blocking of that deal the board of trade has secured options from every
property owner in the library block, to purchase that property at an estimated
cost of $75,000 for a public park. Fullerton has a five-acre park now; but the
board of trade and the city trustees are advocating the purchase of the twenty
acres known as Reservoir Hill for park purposes. They are also proposing to
lav out a skyline drive, one and one-eighth miles long, on the n.earby hills, which
will give a fine view of the entire coastal plain.

At a meeting of the city trustees of Newport Beach on or about April 19,
1920, J. P. Greely, president of the board, and Lew H. \\'allace, city treasurer,

ARDEX, IHE HOME UF MADAME MODJESKA

LAGUNA BEACH SCENE

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COl-XTV 101

were made a committee to negotiate with the owners of a tract of land for a city
park. A tract has been offered the city for $4,000 on an easy payment plan,
which is suitable for that purpose ; it lies between Bay and Central avenues, fac-
ing Island Avenue, directly across the street from the East Newport Garage. The
tract has several big trees on the grounds and has long been used by visitors to
the beach for a camping ground.

Reference is made in the chapter on Orange County's Good Roads to the con-
struction of a road in Trabuco Canyon from the schoolhouse up to the forks by
the United States Bureau of Roads, Orange County bearing half the expense.
Trabuco Canyon is said to be one of the most beautiful in Southern California,
and to have a very fine camping ground near the Forks. The Forest Service pro-
looses to lay out this ground and lease the lots to campers, for whom it will furnish
tables and other equipment, including public toilets. Several applications have
already been made for lots on which to erect cabins. This will add another
pleasure drive and resort to the many within the county.

"Alodjeska's Home and Inn" is the business name of the idyllic retreat in the
Santiago Canyon which belonged to INIadame Modjeska for a number of years
and to which she would return for relaxation and rest after finishing a season's
engagements on the stage. The place was selected in the early days by J. E.
Pleasants, when all the sites were unoccupied. He built a commodious house
with wide porches, developed a water system and added such other improvements
as would help to make a comfortable and tasteful home for himself and family.
After Aladame jModjeska bought the property, we visited the place over thirty
years ago and were shown all about the premises by the housekeeper, in the
absence of the owner. The house was elegantly furnished with antique furniture
made of mahogany and other rare and costly woods ; the floors were covered
with rugs of intricate patterns and skins of wild beasts ; and every nook and
cranny was filled with expensive articles of vertu, curios, ornaments and various
kinds of relics. On the walls and easels were paintings of noted actors and
actresses, among which were some of Madame Modjeska in diff^erent poses in
stage attire. About the grounds were some good-sized trees that suggested to the
actress the "Forest of Arden," one of the scenes of Shakespeare's play, "As You
Like It," as a romantic name for her sylvan retreat. The flowers, shrubbery and
decorations were so placed as to add to the artistic effect of the landscape. Now,
however, the large tract originally held under oi^e ownership is being rapidly sold
of¥ in lots and acreage tracts which, of course, means more homes and more com-
munity interests, without impairing or lessening the grandeur of the mountain
scenery.

"And this our life exempt from public haunt
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones and good in everything."

— Act 2, Scene 1 — "As You Like It."

Besides Mo'ljeska's Home and Inn, there are numerous houses and camping
grounds in the different canyons tliroughout the mountains. Some of the houses
are occupied all the time by families that live in the mountains for varioits reasons,
and others are occupied only in vacation or when their owners wish to take an
outing. The camping grounds are generally occupied by a few families or con-
genial friends in vacation time only, like Campt(Mivillc in the Santiago Canyon
above Orange County Park,

Most of the cities and towns along the coast appreciate the ocean as a valu-
al)le asset, not only for fishing and transportation, but also as an attraction for
pleasure seekers who spend more or less money in their midst. They accordingly
gave the deciding vote for the big bond issue for good roads to draw travel their
way : they also built bath houses, pavilions, pleasure piers and other conveniences
for the accommodation of their visitors. Residents of the interior generally go
to the beach for their annual bath in summer time when "the water is fine :" hut
tourists, accustomed to the variable climate of the East, consider California

102 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

climate as "sniiinier all the year" and, therefore, frequent the beaches without
regard to season.

Thus with over 300 miles of paved roads, including city streets, tree-lined
avenues between evergreen orchards, and scenic drives entering canyons or climb-
ing foothills that overlook the coastal plain and ocean beyond and with a great
variety of resorts and camp grounds to choose from in the mountains or at the
beach. Orange County is a veritable paradise for pleasure seekers.

CHAPTER XVII
ORANGE COUNTY'S GOOD ROADS

Just prior to the meeting of the legislature of 1907, some representative auto-
mobile men came together at Los Angeles and drafted a road law which was intro-
duced in the legislature by Senator Savage of San Pedro. This "Savage Act"
authorized any county in the state to vote bonds for the improvement of its main
highways connecting the cities and towns, exclusive of the streets in the incorpo-
rated cities, such improvement being confined to a width of sixteen feet along
the middle of said highways, which width was later increased to at least twenty
feet, as may be seen in the following tables.

Shortly after the passage of this act an agitation was commenced to make
it applicable to Orange County ; but, some opposition being encountered, the mat-
ter was dropped for a time. Two years later the subject was taken up by the
Associated Chambers of Commerce. Petitions were circulated for signatures and
presented to the board of supervisors, asking that the question of issuing bonds
of the county for highway purposes be submitted to the electors. The super-
visors granted the petitions on March 2, 1910, and appointed C. C. Chapman, W.
H. Burnham and M. M. Crookshank as a highway commission to prepare the
preliminary work and have charge of the improvement of the highways. C. C.
Chapman served but little more than a month, resigning on account of too many
other interests that needed his time and attention, and Richard Egan was ap-
pointed to take his place. The commission employed R. T. Harris as secretary,
Daniel S. Halladay as engineer and S. H. Finley as assistant engineer. Several
months were spent in surveying and mapping the roads and in obtaining data
from all available sources ; but, ivhen the commission was about ready to report,
the approval by the people of the state's issuing $18,000,000 road bonds, caused
some doubt and hesitation.

However, after the state engineers had located the state highway through
Orange County and the county highway commission had amended its report two
or three times, said report was finally filed with the board of supervisors Septem-
ber 19, 1912, recommending a bond issue of $1,270,000. The supervisors promptly
approved the report and called the election for November 4, the day before the
regular election. The result was : Bonds, yes 5,290 and Bonds, no 2,236. The
opposition was to bonding and not to the improvement of the roads. It was
argued that, if a sum equal to the interest on bonds were put into the improve-
ment of a piece of road each year, the roads would all be improved in a few
years and the county would have no debt, or double burden, to carry meanwhile.
But over two-thirds of the voters declared in favor of the bonds in order to get
the immediate benefit of the improvement ; so the taxpayers have no just cause
for complaint of the burden which they voluntarily assumed.

In addition to the resignation of C. C. Chapman, which has already been
mentioned, the following changes in the personnel of the commission, during the
progress of the work, have been noticed in the records: On December 3, 1912,
D. C. Pixley succeeded W. H. Burnham who had resigned. On March 4, 1914,
S. H. Finley and Ralph J- JVPcFadden were joined with D. C. Pixley to constitute
the commission, but on April 21, following, jMr. Finley resigned and W. T. New-
land took his place. Seven days later ;\Ir. Finley was appointed chief engineer

ISTORV OF ORAXGE COL'.XTV

103

with \\". W". Hoy as division engineer. June 1, 1915, X. T. Edwards succeeded
]). C. Pixley, who liad resigned from the commission.

\\'hile the "Savage Act" did not go into particulars about the kind of mate-
rials and methods to be used in improving the roads, it did require the materials
to be durable and the work to be permanent. Imbued with this spirit the highway
commission sought information from all available sources and gleaned wisdom
from the experience of others. It was decided that, after each road was properly
graded and the soil compacted, its surface should be paved with a cement con-
crete base overlaid with an oil and grit finish. In carrying out this decision the
concrete was composed of 1 part best Portland cement, 2j^ parts clean sand and
5 parts crushed rock. In some of the work the proportions were 1-2-4, respec-
tively. These ingredients were thoroughly mixed, moistened and tamped or
rolled into place to a uniform thickness of four inches. When sufficiently dry,
the surface was treated to a thin coating of heavy oil and sprinkled with finely
crushed rock. This work was all done under the vigilant eye of a competent,
trustworthy inspector employed by the county.

On ]March 3. 1915, the highway commission reported the original 108 miles
of road, estimated to be built by the bond issue of $1,270,000, as completed, with
a balance of about $240,000 left over, and recommended that such surplus be
spent in paving certain other specified roads. The board of supervisors approved
the report and authorized the expenditure of this surplus as recommended. The
final report of the commission was received and approved by the supervisors on
January 3, 1917: thus the Orange County Highway Commission, having completed
its task, was discharged with the commendation and thanks of the board of
supervisors.

Following is a tabulated statement of the improved roads in the county, fur-
nished by the county surveyor, in which the different widths of the paved portions
are separately grouped, as well as the sections paved by bonds and by the county
road funds; the length of each section is given in miles:

Paved Roads of Orange County

SIXTEEX FOOT

Sections of Roads — Paved by Bond

Fairview 1.51

Dyer .95

Smeltzer .62

\\'intersburg 1.0

ElToro 1.11

First Street .45

Main Street, Tustin 1.31

Newport Avenue 1.83

Westminster-Garden Grove 3.81

Laguna 10.47

Irvine Boulevard .93

Myford

Placentia-Yorba ....

Riverside No. 3 ....

Santa Ana Canyon No. 1 ....

Santa Ana Canyon No. 2 ....

Santa Ana Canyon No. 3 ....

San Juan Hot Springs ....

Santiago Boulevard 5.68

Yorba Linda 2.40

Seventeenth Street ....

Road Improvement District No. 4 ....

Paved by County

.98
.75
5.18
5.25
1.77
1.74
2.90
.56

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

County Park

Road District Improvement No.

32.07

Sections of Roads —

Anaheim-Olinda

Chapman Avenue

Anaheim-Olive

Anaheim-Stanton-Cypress

Bay City

Brea Canyon

Brea-Olinda

Brea Park

Commonwealth

Garden Grove Boulevard

Huntington Beach No. 2

La Mirada

Los Alamitos

Newport Avenue

Newport Beach Boulevard

Orangethorpe

Talbert Road

Chapman Avenue

Bradford Avenue

La Palma

Garden Grove Avenue

Edinger Street

Walker Street

Road District Improvement No. 3
Olinda Road

EIGHTEEN FOOT

Paved by Bond
7.70

.93
3.58
4.01
8.97
4.14

3.63
1.50
5.95
4.32

4.14
4.14
6.85
3.24
7.70

70.80

Sections of Roads —
Huntington Beach No. 1 .

Newport Beach

Riverside No. 1

Riverside No. 2

Orange-Tustin

FOOT

Paved bv Bond
5.14
2.68
.32
2.58
3.98

14.70

ENTY-TWO FOOT

Sections of Roads-
Lemon Street

Santa Fe Street

West Broadwav

Paved by Bond

3.83
5.19

30.82

Paved by County

2.97

LOO

LIS
.43

L13

LOO
.51

2.63
.85

12.1

Paved by County

Paved by CounU
.2,2
.10
.50

.92

SPECIAL

Twenty-two foot Asphalt, Central Avenue, miles 4.7

Eighteen-foot Asphalt, Garden Grove, miles 9

Fifteen-foot Cement, State Highway, miles 29.6

Eighteen -foot Cement, State Highway, miles 13.8

Eight-foot Cement, Collins Avenue, miles 83

lilSTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 105

Dirt Road, estimated miles 310

County Paved, estimated miles 168.42

State Highwa}'. estimated miles 43.40

Total Aliles 721.82

As shown in the foregoing tables, the county highway commission not only
constructed more good roads with the big bond issue than the estimated amount,
but it also built many miles with county funds provided by the board of super-
visors. Since the discharge of the commission, the supervisors have continued the
road improvement policy with whatever funds they were able to command, as
may be seen from the following items of business transacted by the board :

November 5, 1919, a contract for paving East Fourth Street, Mabury Street
and Tustin Avenue was awarded to Wells & Dressier for $10,009.87 ; also, on the
same date, the bid of the same contractors to regrade the road to the County
Park for $29,238.90, was accepted.

December 30, 1919, the board of supervisors let the contract for the improve-
ment of the Buena Park-Commonwealth Road to Wells & Bressler for $14,322.64.

March 30, 1920, the bid of B. R. Ford for paving .83 of a mile of Collins
Avenue, 8 feet wide, the county to furnish some materials, for eleven and three-
quarter cents per square foot, was accepted, provided the bidder secured the
paving of the city's half of the street, which he did. This contract amounted to
$4,119.46, for the county's half and to $7,362.43 for the city's half.

On March 2, 1920, the board of supervisors awarded the contract to Wells
& Bressler for paving 1.64 miles of county roads in the Fairhaven district for
$13,080, which was the lowest of three bids. This strip of road includes portions
of South Glassell Street, Fairhaven Avenue and Grand Street, and connects the
paved street of Orange with the paved road from Santa Ana to the cemetery,
thereby making the second all-paved highway between the two cities, and giving
to each a paved road to the cemetery.

August 10, 1920, the contract for the improvement of the Fairview Road in
Fifth Road District was awarded to Wells & Bressler for $24,861.24, as the
lowest responsible bidders.

In building the state highway, the engineering department required the county
to build the bridges over all the streams. To meet this expense and build bridges
on the county high'ways, bonds were voted to the amount of $100,000, as men-
tioned in the chapter on Public Buildings and Sites. The bridges built with this
fund are span bridges, constructed of reinforced cement concrete, and are artistic
and substantial.

Since the foregoing figures were furnished, the supervisors let a contract to
Steele Finley to pave three and three-quarter miles of road at Sulphur Slide in
Santa Ana Canj'on for $36,211.93. The width is to be sixteen feet with eighteen
feet on the turns.

Early in August the supervisors accepted the proposal of the United States
Forest Service to go fifty-fifty in the construction of a gootl mountain road up
the Trabuco Canyon from the schoolhouse to the Forks. The board appropriated
$3,500 for this purpose on the promise of a federal appropriation of a like
amount. The road will not be paved, but will be a good substantial road for
automobile travel. The work will be done by the United States Bureau of Roads.

On September 11, 1919, County Surveyor J. L. AlcBride announced that the
State Highway Commission had let a contract to a Los Angeles firm for the
improvement of the Irvine-Galivan road for the sum of $86,000. The improve-
ment consists in adding two and a half feet shoulders to each side of the paving,
increasing its width from fifteen to twenty feet between Irvine and Galivan. The
contract also requires the surfacing of the highway south from Irvine for a dis-
tance of five miles with a layer of asphaltum one and one-half inches thick.

.106 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Orange County's vote July 1, 1919, on the $40,000,000 state highway bonds
was : Yes, 3,529 ; No, 344. The part of the improvement affecting Orange County
is the piece from Oxnard to Capistrano, which would enter the county at Seal
Beach and follow the coast most of the way, thereby adding nearly twenty-five
miles to the county's paved highways, exclusive of the paved streets in the cities
through which the road will pass.

Besides the number of miles of paved country roads described above, each
incorporated city has more or less paved streets which have been reported as
follows :

City Miles

Anaheim 8.00

Brea 3.00

Fullerton, estimated 20.00

Huntington Beach 16.85

Newport Beach 1.50

City

Brought forward. . .
Orange

Miles

...49.35

5 00

Santa Ana

Seal Beach

...30.00
. 2 00

1.00

Total

. . .87.35

Carried forward 49.,

The total number of miles of paved roads in the county, including those under
construction and provided for and those in the cities, is as follows:

Reported by County Surveyor 201.82

Under Construction 28.75

Paved Streets in Cities 87.35

Total Paved Roads 317.92

]\Iany miles of the unpaved roads in the cities and county have been brought
to a proper grade, wet down and rolled, and then treated with a thin coating of
heavy oil, evenly distributed while hot, and covered with a sprinkling of sand or
crushed rock — preferably the latter. The asphalt in the oil cements the top gravel
or soil of the roadbed together, thereby forming a hard, smooth surface almost
equal to paving. Such roads are practically free from mud in the rainy season and
from dust in the dry season.

Hence, in view of the foregoing facts and figures. Orange County may fairly
be awarded the palm for good roads.

CHAPTER XVIII

THE COUNTY'S TRAFFIC FACILITIES

The traffic facilities of Orange County are unsurpassed, due partly to its
own need of such facilities and partly to its lying in the path of traffic to other
sections of the state. These facilities consist of branches of two transcontinental
railroads, an electric interurban railway, littoral contact with the Pacific Ocean
and thousands of motor vehicles to carry on the traffic over the hundreds of miles
of good roads.

The first railroad to enter the territory now comprising Orange County was
.the Southern Pacific. The spirit of enterprise and achievement, that inspired the
building of the Central Pacific Railroad, still burned in the breasts of the heroic
band who accomplished that feat, or of their successors, when the increasing
immigration to the southern part of the state in the early seventies attracted their
attention. They immediately formed another company, naming it the Southern
Pacific Railroad Company, bought the Los .\ngeles and Wilmington Railroad,
which had been built by local enterprise, and commenced building out of Los
Angeles in three directions: North toward San Francisco, east through San
Gorgonio Pass and south toward San Diego. The latter ranch reached Anaheim
January 1, 1875, where it stopped over two years. The management, however,
becoming jealous of the ocean traffic developing through Newport Bay, ex-

nrST(3RV OK ORAXGU C( JLXTV 107

tended the railroad across the river to East Santa Ana. where the terminus of
that branch remains to this day.

Shortly after the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad came into the county
and went on through to San Diego, the Southern Pacific Railroad thought it would
pick up its terminus at Santa Ana and transfer it to San Diego, so as to continue
the competition in that county that it had been waging with the new road in this
county, but even the most determined people cannot always have their own way.
That company could not get its terminus out of Santa Ana because the property
owners between the county seat and Tustin refused to allow the road to cross
their property. In sheer desperation it started another branch road south of
Anaheim, thence east to Villa Park and south to M'cPherson, thence southeast
through the Hewes ranch past Tustin to a point on the San Joaquin ranch where
that terminus would be safe from sequestration. This Tustin branch of the
Southern Pacific has become a feeder of the main line in the fruit shipping season.

A\'hen the Los Alamitos sugar factory was built near the western boundary
of the county in 1896. the Southern Pacific Company built a road from Anaheim
across to that place to handle the traffic of the factory. About the year 1902,
when the McFadden r)rothers were curtailing their activities, they sold the Santa
Ana and Newport Railroad to ex-Senator \V. A. Clark, who immediately turned it
over to the Southern Pacific Company. Shortly after this purchase the company
built a line from Newport to Smeltzer, eleven miles, to handle the celery, sugar
beets and other products of that section.

These various liranches make a total of nearly sixty miles of railroad, dis-
tributed throughout the county so as to be accessible to the majority of the people,
and owned and operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad Company.

The following account of the building of the Santa Fe lines in Orange County
was furnished by the chief engineer of the Atchison. To]3eka & Santa Fe Railroad
Company :

"From the northeastern boundary line of the county in Santa Ana Canyon
'.lear Gypsum to near the north boundary of the city of Santa Ana, via Olive, and
from the city of Orange, via Anaheim and Fullerton, to the northwestern line of
the county near Northam, was constructed in the years 1887 and 1888 by the
Riverside, Santa Ana & Los Angeles Railway Company.

"From near the north boundary of the city of Santa Ana. via Rancho San
■ Joaquin and San Juan Capistrano, to the southernmost corner of the county at San
Mateo Point near San Alateo station, was constructed by the San Bernardino &
San Diego Railway Company in 1887 and 1888.

"The branch line from Richfield to Olinda oil fielils was constructed by the
Southern California Railwa}- Company in 1889. and

"The main line between Richfield and Fullerton was constructed by the Ful-
lerton & Richfield Railway Company in 1910.

"The mileage of the above is 71.79 miles. The mileage of side tracks in the
county is Z7 miles."

As soon as the Santa Fe was ready to do business it found the Southern
Pacific determined to beat it to the business and, if possible, maintain its monopoly
of the field. This resulted in several months of fierce rate-cutting, so that a
first class ticket could be bought to Missouri River points for a dollar and freights
from the Middle States were almost nothing. Finally rates were restored at less
than the old monopolistic prices and the service was greatly improved bv the
competition.

When Henry E. Huntington decided to put his ideals of good railroad build-
ing into practice and make use of electricity as the motive power, he saw no more
inviting field than Southern California for the investment of his millions. He
announced that his company would ask no right of way nor bonus of any kind,
but it would buy and pay for whatever it needed. He soon found that he didn't
have sufficient money to buy a right of way at the landowner's price and have

108 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

any left wifh which to build and equip a railroad thereon afterward, so he changed
his poHcy and required the communities desiring the road to furnish the right of
way.

During the year 1905 the people of Santa Ana and vicinity acquired tlie
right of way for the Pacific Electric railway in a straight line from ^^■atts to
Santa Ana for about $22,000. The following year the road was built and its
arrival was celebrated in Santa Ana by a "Parade of Products" in December,
1906. Without regard to the chronological order, the following additional lines
have been built in the county within the past fifteen years: A line from Los An-
geles via W'hittier enters Orange County near the northwest corner, passes through
La Habra, Brea and Yorba Linda and heads for the Santa Ana Canyon, but stops
for the present at a little station east of Richfield called Stern. It is the intention
to extend this line up the canyon to connect with the Corona and Riverside line
and thereby make a through line from the interior to Los Angeles. The company
has already acquired portions of the right of way through the canyon. A third
line branches off from the Los Angeles and Long Beach line at Signal Hill, enters
Orange County at Seal Beach and, skirting the beach cities and towns, terminates
at Balboa near the entrance to Newport Harbor. A fourth line connects the first
line at Santa Ana with the third line at Huntington Beach, passing the Southern
California Sugar Factory on its way to the coast. A fifth line leaves the first
line at the intersection of- Fourth and JMain streets in Santa Ana, goes north on
Main Street out of the city and then swings east to Lemon Street in Orange,
terminating for the present at its depot in the latter city.

^^'hile the negotiations for the fifth line were pending, ]\Ir. Huntington traded
all his interurban red car lines for all the street yellow car lines in Los Angeles,
which up to that time belonged to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. This
deal gave the latter company possession of the Pacific Electric Railway Company :
but it was decided to keep the two companies separate. However, it is understood
that the companies will mutually assist each other, and rumors have been rife
about the Southern Pacific's intention to electrify the Tustin and Newport
branches. It is probable that the Tustin branch will be thus changed and be used
as an extension of the fifth line north from Orange to connect with the company's
line into Los Angeles. In fact, the roadbed has already been graded north from
Orange : but work was stopjjed by the late war. The total length of the various
lines of the Pacific Electric Railway Company in the county of Orange is 66.268
miles.

The following figures show the mileage and valuation of these railway sys-
tems, as fixed by the State Board of Equalization:

Assessment of Railroads, 1918

Names of Roads No. of Miles Price per JMile Total Valuation

S. P. R. R. Co 59.682 $28,137.18 $1,679,402.54

Pullman Co 62.42 1,034.61 64,580.36

A., T. & S. F. R. R. Co 71.97 22,432.19 1,614,444.71

P. E. Railway Co 66.268 21,402.77 1,418,318.76

It will be understood from the foregoing description, or it may be seen on
the map, that these railroads are about as widely distributed over the settled por-
tions of the county as possible : hence the greatest number of people are reached
by their service and the only duplication is in the through service between the
large cities.

A county bordering on the great Pacific Ocean for its entire length, as
Orange County does, would naturally have a fresh, invigorating climate ; it would
also have easy access to water transportation, which is the cheapest transportation
in the world. With such a traffic facility in reserve, no exorbitant transportation
charges would long be endured by the people, especially as population increases
and means for business ventures become abundant.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 109

The last of the county's traffic facilities to he mentioned is tlie thousands of
motor vehicles that are used on the hundreds of miles of good roads. The motive
power for the vast majority of these motor vehicles is gas, generated from gasoline
which is a product of petroleum ; hence these motor vehicles get their fuel at first
hand, from the oil producers of Orange County. The first gasoline engine ever
seen in this county was exhibited to a crowd on one of the vacant lots in Santa
Ana about thirty years ago. The demonstrator predicted then that the gas engine
would largely displace the steam engine, which prediction has come true so far
as small, portable engines are concerned.

To get an idea of the amount of traffic carried on by motor vehicles a person
should ride over some of the principal roads and note the number of vehicles
he meets. Then he should go into the marts of trade and packing houses and see
the number of huge motor trucks, with one or two trailers each, piled high with
the products of the orchards and farms. But perhaps the best evidence of the
large number of motor vehicles in actual use would be a report of the registrations
for Orange County in the State JNIotor Vehicle Department at Sacramento. While
Orange County is in the fourteenth class according to population based on the
1910 census, it ranks ninth in the 1919 motor vehicle registration. The counties
having the highest and the lowest registrations are given along with Orange
County by way of comparison, and also the totals for the state, as follows:
Counties 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919

Alpine 9 11 15 18 17 16

Los Angeles 43,099 55,Z\7 74,709 03,654 107,232 109,435

Orange 3,761 4,913 6,440 8,132 9,430 9,794

Totals for State 123,516 163,795 232,440 306,916 364,800 376,768

The foregoing registrations do not include farm tractors, of which there
were 750 in 1919, as reported by the dealers selling them in the county.

The report of the department for 1O20, containing five sejiarate items about
each county, is given a seiiarate table, as follows :

Motor-
Commercial .\uto cycle
Counties .\ntomobiles Trucks Alotf>rc\clcs Dealers Dealers

Alpine 14 2 .....'

Los Angeles 132,145 10,083 6,231 678 25

Orange 14,240 397 548 85 10

Totals for State 450,155 31,195 17,750 3,199 2V)

The semi-annual statement of apportionment of motor veliicle fees to coun-
ties for the period from January 1, V>20. to Jul}' 31, l')20, was as follows:

State and County
Counties Net Receipts Apportionment

Alpine $ 160.62 $ 84.81

Los Angeles 1. 384,435. .^0 602,217.75

Orange' 1 14,045.48 57.022.74

Totals for State $4,646,529.23 $2,323,264.61

It is noticeable in the foregoing tables that Orange County's automobiles
increased 4,446 in 1920 over those in 1919, making this county fifth from the top
in the graduated list of automobiles in the state. The county will probably mo.ve
up from the fourteenth class to the tenth in population under the new census.

While noticing that the great county of Los .\ngeles owns nearly a third of
the registered motor vehicles of the entire state, and has nearly twelve times as
many as this county, don't overlook the fact that the little county of Orange is
fifth in the ownership of cars ; that is, there are only four counties in the state
with more cars than Orange and fifty-three with less.

The interruption of the mails and other traffic in Orange County for three
days during the last week in August, 1919. by a strike of the employees on the
steam railroads, points to the following conclusions : (1) No matter how good
the county's traffic facilities, they must be utilized and operated in order to be of

110 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

real benefit to the people. (2) Government ownership per sc will not cure labor
troubles, for these steam roads were absolutely controlled b}' the Government, yet
such control did not prevent the strike. (3) Government regulation unll cure
labor troubles, as was seen in the cessation of the strike when the Government
issued its mandate without itself owning the roads. However, such regulation
should be fairly and sc|uarely administered on behalf of employers, employees and
the general public whose patronage pays the bills.

CHAPTER XIX

SUNDRY VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS

Orange County Medical Association
By Dr. John L. Dryer

The Orange County Medical Association was organized June 13, 1889, just
nine days after the election for county division which separated Orange from the
mother county of Los Angeles.

The first meeting of physicians was held on that day at two p. m. in the office
of Judge Humphreys, a small frame building located where the Sunset Club
now stands. Those present were: Dr. W. B. Wall, Dr. T. M. Lacy, Dr. T- A.
Crane, Dr. J. P. Boyd, Dr. C. D. Ball. Dr. S. B. Davis and Dr. John L. Dryer,
all of Santa Ana.

Dr. J. A. Crane called to order and stated the objects of the meeting.

Dr. W". B. \\3.\\ was chosen temporary president, and Dr. J. P. Boyd tem-
porary secretary.

The following agreement was drawn up and signed by all present: "W'c,
the undersigned physicians of Orange County, agree to form ourselves into an
organization to be known as the Orange County Medical Association, and to be
governed by such rules as may be hereafter determined upon."

On motion the secretary was instructed to receive the signatures of Dr. J.
R. Medlock of Santa Ana, and Dr. L. H. Fuller. of Tustin, each of whom had
signified his intention to be present but was unable to do so.

The following resolution was adopted:

"Resolved, That any regular physician of Orange County against whom iki
objection is raised at a subsequent meeting, be allowed to participate in the organ-
ization of this Association."

Under the foregoing resolution Dr. J. H. Bullard of .\naheim and Dr. W.
B. Wood of Orange were received and added to the list of charter members —
eleven in all.

The next meeting was held on June 2'^, following, at which time a Ciinstitu-
tion and By-Laws were adopted, and under the pennanent organization the fol-
lowing officers were elected and installed to serve until the first annual meeting
in 1890:

President. Dr. \V. B. \\"all : Xice-President. Dr. T. ^L Lacv ; Secretary, Dr.
J. -P. Boyd; Treasurer, Dr. W. 1'.. Wood.

The first members elected under the Constitution were Dr. I. D. Mills of
Santa Ana, and Dr. D. W. Hunt of Anaheim, both in September. On November
5th Dr. J. A. Blake of Fnllerton was also elected to membership, but never at-
tended any session of the Association.

The year 1889 closed with fourteen members as named on the roll, and no
others were added until 1894, while during this period the records show a net
loss of three, on account of removal from the county. These were Doctor Blake,
above mentioned. Doctor Fuller and Doctor Davis, the last two being charter
members.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY llT

The first annual meeting was a public one held in Spurgeon's Hall and ad-
dressed by Dr. Walter Lindley of Los Angeles, then president of the State Med-
ical Society, and Professor (now Judge) Conrey, also of Los Angeles.

In June, 1891, the Association entertained the Medical Society of Southern,
California, the meeting and banquet being held in what was then Odd Fellows'
Hall, in the First National Bank Building. The sessions were well attended. An
excursion about and through the valley was greatly appreciated by the visiting
d.octors, although there was a marked absence of automobiles. Twice since then
the Association has entertained the Southern Society, once in 1897, again with-
out automobiles, and in 1908, when machines were abundant.

From its very beginning to the present time good work, in the preparation
of papers, and the presentation of cases for clinical study, has been the rule. The
meetings have been regular and well attended, and even when its membership was-
small the attendance was proportional to that of later times, although long drives
had to be made with horses from distant towns, to attend the monthly sessions,
which have always occurred on the first Tuesday evening of each month.

I'ntil the completion of the Carnegie Library in Santa Ana, the sessions of
the Association were usually held in the office of the doctor who was to read the
paper or lead in the discussion of a selected topic. For the most part these were
in the county seat, though many interesting gatherings were held in surrounding,
towns.

Since the completion of the Library the sessions when in Santa Ana have been
held in the executive committee room of that building, adjoining which, in a
convenient alcove, a growing medical library, consisting of several hundred vol-
umes, has been established.

Though from the first organization until 1894 the membership declined in
numbers, it never fell below the original number — eleven, and from said date the
list steadily increased with the growth of the county and enlargement of its towns.

From, and including the first enrollment in 1889, there have been during
the thirty and one-half years, ending December 31st, 191''. a total of ninety-one
members received, while the present number is forty-four.

A number of physicians have come into the county, affiliated for a time, and
then removed to other fields. Since under the rules of the Association such
removal terminates membership, it is impossible to give e.xact duration of one so
ended.

Death has dealt kindl\- with the .Association during the period mentioned, and
although a large per cent of the original founders were men well advanced in
years, but iiine active members have been so taken. Of these Dr. J. A. Crane, Dr.
W. B. ^^■all, Dr. J. M. Lacy, and Dr. J. R. Medlock were charter members, and
with Dr. Ida B. Parker were ex-presidents. One member was, by a unanimous
vote, expelled from the .Association for unethical conduct. Of the original charter
members there remain on the mil. Dr. C. D. Uall. Dr. I. P. Bovcl and Dr. John
L. Dryer.

Beginning with the new influx of members in 1804, the list of those received
since then is as follows :

1894— J. G. Berneike, L. N. W heeler, C. W. Rairdon.

1895— A. F. Bradshaw, G. J. Rubleman. L. W. Allingham. F. E. Wilson.

1897— J. B. Cook. W. V. Marshbnrn.

1898— G. S. Eddv. D. F. Rover.

1899— Wm. Freeman. H. S. Gordon. F. M. Bruner.

1900— A. Bennie, J. A. Tyler.

IQPl— E. M. Freeman, John W^ehrlv.

1902— R. A. Cushman, G. H. Dobson.

1903— H. A. Johnston, Ida B. Parker. I. G. McCleod, T- W. Jones.

1904— T. I. Clark, I M. Burlew, G. A. Shank.

1905— T. II. Beebe"

112 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

1906— C. C. \iolett, J. S. Gowan, C. L. Rich.

1907— F. J. Gobar, H. E. W. Barnes, \\'. H. Sver.

1908— S. G. Huff.

1909— H. M. Robertson. W. S. Davis, F. L. Chapline, H. H. Forline, \V. H.
\\ickett.

1911— Geo. L. Prentice, J. W. Shaul, R. A. Cushnian (re-elected after ab-
sence from the county), T- H. Lang, Geo. C. Clark, John Janus, Jos. F. Dovle.

1912— A. H. Domann, C. H. Brooks, Geo. C. Bryan, ']. W. Utter.

1913— John W. Truxaw.

1914— Albert Osborne, W. W. Davis, Harry E. Zaiser, F. E. Winter, E. F.
Jones. Dorothy Harbaugh, J. E. McKillop, A. M. Tweedie.

1915— J. C. Osher, C. W. Harvey, J. M. Bartholomew, W. C. DuBois, F.
E. Wilson (re-elected after absence from county), John F. McCauley, \\'. H.
Wickett (re-elected after retirement).

1916— H. P. Hendricks, G. M. Tralle.

1917— ?^lrs. B. Raiche, O. O. Young, E. C. Day, J. Luther ^laroon, C. C.
Crawford, J. A. Jackson.

1918— D. C. "Cowles, M. C. Mvers. J. P. Brastad.

1919_S. A. Marsden, H. D. Newkirk.

There have been twenty-eight presidents. Dr. \\'. B. Wall having served four
years, each of the others a single }'ear — as follows:

1889— \\-. B. Wall. 1905— Dr. J. W. Jones.

1890— Dr. T. R. Medlock. 1906— Dr. G. H. Dobson.

1891— Dr. J. M. Lacy. 1907— Dr. F. M. Bruner.

1892— Dr. John L. Dryer. 1908— Dr. John Wehrly.

1893— Dr. C. D. Ball. 1909— Dr. I. AI. Beebe.

1894— Dr. W. B. Wall. 1910— Dr. C. C. Violett.

1895— Dr. W. B. Wall. 1911— Dr. J. IM. Burlew.

1896— Dr. W. B. Wall. 1912— Dr. "ida P.. Parker.

1897— Dr. J. A. Crane. 1913— Dr. H. A. Johnson.

1898— Dr. L. W. Allingham. 1914— Dr. D. W! Hasson.

1899— Dr. 1. G. Berneike. 1915— Dr. J. I. Clark.

1900— Dr. "W. B. \\'ood. 1916— Dr. R. A. Cu.shman.

1901— Dr. H. S. Gordon. 1917— Dr. G. A. Shank.

1902— Dr. J. P. Boyd. 1918— Dr. Harry Zaiser.

1903— Dr. "\\m. Freeman. 1919— Dr. G. ^l. Tralle.

1904— Dr. F. E. Wilson. 1920— Dr. W. C. DuBois.

The Secretaries, and times of service, are as follows :

Dr. J. P. Boyd, three years. Dr. C. D. Ball, two and one-half years. Dr.
L. H. Fuller, one-half year. Dr. John L. Dryer, six and one-half }ears. Dr. J.
G. Berneike. one and one-half years. Dr. J. B. Cook, one-half year. Dr. H. S.
Gordon, four years. Dr. J. I. Clark, one-half year. Dr. J. M. Burlew, one and
one-half years. Dr. Ida B. Parker, two years. Dr. John \\'ehrly. three years_.
Dr. R. A. Cushman, one year. Dr. W. C. DuBois, four years.

The Orange County ]\Iedical Association, loyal to its countr)-. furnished more
than its normal quota of doctors for service in the late war. The following, who
were active members at the time of enlistment, served for varying periods, and
each attained to the rank opposite his name :

Burlew, Jesse AL. Captain. Santa Ana.

Chapline. F. L.. Captain, Orange.

Davis, \\'alter W.. Lieutenant. Brea.

Marsden. Samuel A.. Lieutenant. Orange. ^

Mc.\uley. John. Lieutenant. Santa Ana.

McKillop, J. E., Major, Huntington Beach.

Winter, Frank E., ]\Iajor, Santa Ana.

Wehrly, John, Major, Santa Ana.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 113

Young, Oscar O., Captain, Garden Grove.
W'ickett, William H., Captain, Fullerton.

Officers of Association in 1920

Dr. W. C. Duliois, I'resident. Dr. J. H. Lang, \'ice-Presi(leiit.

Dr. J. C. Crawford, Secretar}-. Dr. R. A. Cushman, Treasurer.

Members of Association in 1920

Ball, Dr. C. D. Crawford, Dr. T. C.

Barnes, Dr. H. E. W. Cushman, Dr. R. A.

Beebe, Dr. T- L. Davis, Dr. W. \V.

Boyd, Dr. f. P. Dobson, Dr. G. H.

Burlew, Dr. J. M. Domann, Dr. A. H.

Brooks, Dr. C. H. Dryer, Dr. J. L.

Brastad, Dr. T. P. DuBois, Dr. W. C.

Chapline, Dr.'F. L. Day, Dr. Emery C.

Clark, Dr. T- I. Freeman, Dr. W.

Clark, Dr. "Geo. Gobar, Dr. F. T-

Cowles, Dr. D. C. Gordon, Dr. H. S.

Hasson, Dr. D. W. Robertson. Dr. H. M.

Johnston. Dr. H. A. Rover, Dr. D. F.

Jackson, Dr. J. A. Shank, Dr. G. A.

Lang, Dr. J. H. Truxaw, Dr. ]. \V.

Maroon, Dr. T- L. Utter. Dr. J. W'.

i\Iarsden, Dr. S. A. \'iolett. Dr. C. C.

McAulev, Dr. John. Wehrlv, Dr. John.

McKillo'p. Dr. J. E. Wickett, Dr. \V. H.

Myers, Dr. M. C. Wilson, Dr. F. E.

Osher, Dr. J. C. Winter, Dr. F. E.

Raiche, Dr. B. F. Zaiser, Dr. H. E.

The Orange County Bar Association
By Samuel M. Davis

On October 31, 1901, members of the Bar of Orange County signed a call
for a meeting to organize the Orange County Bar Association, to be held on
November 22, 1901. The following attorneys signed the call for the meeting:
Victor Montgomery, W. F. Heathman, J. W. Towner, Ray Billingslev, Richard
Melrose, Z. B. West, E. E. Keech, F. O. Daniel. R. Y. Williams, A. Y. Wright.
S. A. Bowes, H. C. Head, Horatio J. Porgy, John N. Anderson, E. T. Langlev.
W. E. Parker. W. B. Williams, Homer G. Ames, Samuel M. Davis, J. Howard
Bell, J. C. Scott, H. S. Peabody.

On November 22, 1901, the following members of the Bar, met in the Court
Room of the Superior Court, in the Court House, at Santa Ana, and organized
the Orange County Bar Association : Z. B. West, E. E. Keech. F. O. Daniel,
R. Y. Williams, Horatio L Forgy, W. E. Parker, Homer G. Ames, Samuel M.
Davis, J. Howard Bell, J. C. Scott.

The first officers of the Association were as follows : President, Victor Mont-
gomery ; vice-president, Richard Melrose ; treasurer, R. Y. W' illiams ; secretary.
Horatio J. Forgy. A constitution and by-laws were adopted. F. O. Daniel w-as
duly elected as second president of the Association, and following him in order
as presidents were Eugene E. Keech and R. Y. Williams. H. C. Head is now the
president of the Bar Association.

Following the secretaryship of H. J. Forg}'. J. C. Burke was elected secre-
tary, and is now acting secretary of the Association.

The Association has been very active in keeping up the standard of the pro-
fession. It has brought to the attention of the courts several of its members and

114 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

other attorneys practicing in the county, who had violated certain sections of
the Codes, relating to the practice of the law, and had been accused of unethical
methods of practice. It has continuously and consistently attempted to raise the
standard of the profession, especially in regard to the honorable practice of
the law.

This Bar Association was active in having one of the attorneys practicing in
the county disbarred for reprehensible conduct after he had been admitted to
practice by the Appellate Court of the Third District. It was shown afterwards
that he had practiced fraudulent and surreptitious methods of gaining admission.
The disbarment of this attorney caused the entire membership of the Bar Asso-
ciation to be joined as defendants in the United States District Court of the
Southern District of California. The case was tried before Hon. Oscar Trippett,
of the United States District Court. When the plaintifif rested his case, the case
was dismissed on a motion for a nonsuit made by the attorneys representing the
Orange County Bar Association.

In the prosecution of this litigation, the Bar Association of this county did
not prosecute any of the parties with a vindictive spirit, but solely to raise the
moral and ethical standard of the profession. In this endeavor, the Bar Associa-
tion, and its officers and members, have been sustained, both by the Supreme and
Federal Courts of this state. These facts are mentioned as noteworthy, because
laymen generally think that the ordinary lawyer is liable to be unethical in prac-
tice, and will take no steps to rid the profession of undesirable members.

The Association is now in a flourishing condition, and has had considerable
work in forming public opinion in legislative matters that have come before the
Association. Several members of the Association have had high honors con-
ferred on them.

The first judge of the Superior Court, after the formation of the countv in
1889, was Hon. J. ^^^ Towner. He was followed bv Hon. T. W. Ballard and
Hon. Z. B. West.

In 1913 the legislature passed an act increasing the number of judges in
the Superior Court from one to two, and this act took effect on August 10, 1913.
Gov. Hiram W. Johnson, on September 13, 1913, appointed Hon. William H.
Thomas to be Judge of the Superior Court, thus established, which became known
as Department Two of the Superior Court of Orange County.

Subsequently, Gov. W. D. Stephens, in December, 1918, appointed William
H. Thomas, Associate Justice of the newly established Court of Appeals, Sec-
ond District, Division Number Two, sitting in Los Angeles, Cal., to take efifect
January 1, 1919.

Gov. W. D. Stephens, in December. 1918, appointed to Hon. R. Y. Williams
as Judge of Department Two of the Superior Court of Orange County, to take
the place made vacant in that Court by the appointment of Judge Thomas to the
Appellate Court. Judge Williams took office January 1, 1919.

The Hon. Z. B. West was elected Judge of the Superior Court in Novem-
ber, 1902, and has succeeded himself for two consecutive terms, and is now Judge
of Department One of the Superior Court of Orange County.

The following members of the Orange Countv Bar Association have filled
the office of District Attornev : T- W. Ballard. Z. 'B. \\'est. R. Y. Williams, H.
C. Head, S. J\I. Davis, L. A. \\est.

The Orange County Bar Association is an aggressive and active force in the
legal history and activities of Orange County, and is doing its part to keep the
standard of the profession high and honorable.

Orange County Historical Society

Attorney S. M. Davis of Santa Ana, in May. 1919, invited a numljer of citizens
from diflferent parts of the county to meet in the Santa Ana library to consider
the question of forming a historical society to collect and preserve a record of the
events of historical interest to the county together with any souvenirs, trophies

HISTORY OK ORANGB: COUNTY 115

or other articles connected therewith. At that meeting the proposition was
nnanimously approved and the following persons were selected to act as the first
board of directors in forming the organization and securing the incorporation of
the societ}', viz. : Dr. John L. Dryer, S. ]M. Davis. j\Irs. W. B. Tedford. C. C.
Chapman, Samuel Armor, H. Clay Kellogg and George ^^'. Moore. Doctor
Dryer was elected president and S. ^I. Davis secretary. Articles of incorporation
were adopted and the secretary was instructed to file copies of the same with the
lioard of supervisors and the secretary of state. In due time the secretary received
the certificate of incorporation and called a meeting of the society to convene
on June 26, 1919, to perfect the organization. At that meeting the resignation
of George W. Moore as director was accepted and Dr. C. D. Ball was elected
to fill tlie vacancy. With this change the temporary board of directors was made
jiermanent. Doctor Dryer declining to continue in the chair. Doctor Ball wa?;
elected president: Samuel Armor, vice-president; S. ^1. Davis, secretary and
treasurer; and ]\Iiss Jeannette E. ^IcFadden, curator. Thus was the Orange
Countv Historical Socictv organized on June 26. 1910.

Orange County Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company

One of the cooperative organizations of Orange County that reflects great
credit on the judgment and forethought of its organizers is the Orange County
Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Organized June 30, 1898, with about
twenty or thirty present, the company now has about 4.500 members. During
the ensuing years it has paid losses amounting to $51,681.51. and has the enviable
record of never having had a claim contested in court.

At the time of the organization of the company the farmers of the count}'
were paying from thirty cents to $1.08 per year on a $100 valuation. For insur-
ance tliat gives additional safeguards to its policyholders, the company has a rate
of about fifteen cents per year on $100. It has now in force insurance to the
amotmt of about $7,500,000 in valuation.

The first official board consisted of the following: ^^'. .A. Beckett, Garden
Grove, president ; N. H. Leonard, Bolsa, vice-president ; F. D. Reed, Garden
Grove, secretary; E. W. Crowell, Orange; Thomas Nicholson. El ]\Iodena : Albert
Barrows, Fullerton ; H. Larter, \\'estminster. Of the first board of directors
only two are now living, N. H. Leonard and H. Larter, the former being the only
one who was actively engaged in all the details of the company's organization.
Mr. Leonard, who is now living in Santa Ana, personally wrote the first appli-
cations that were filed with the secretary, F. D. Reed, and served as the vice-
president of the company for four or five vears.

Orange County W. C. T. U.

By Elizabeth H. Mills

In writing the history of Orange County, all who read its history should know
that the organized forces of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union — organ-
ized immediately after the organization of the County in 1889 — though numer-
ically small, have been a potent factor in the moral, spiritual and political uplift
of the county. The education given by this organization has been progressive
along all lines that tend to the betterment of the human race. It has spared
neither sacrifice nor service to this end, and today not a county in our beloved
state can show a better record. Splendid men have stood behind the brave women
who have dared to blaze the way through indiflference, criticism and intolerance
that ever marks the path to victory. These kept the faith and waged the war-
fare that made it possible for Orange County, with its present eleven Unions
and over five hundred members, to be an effective part in placing in our National
Constitution the Eighteenth and Nineteenth .Amendments, .\irhonor to the W.
C. T. U. women, and their helpers, of this County for their part in making the
nation's present and future sober. Christian citiyen.ship.

116

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

CHAPTER XX
ORANGE COUNTY'S SOLDIERS

Abbott, William F.
Abshier, Clifford
Adams, A. A.
Adams, Anthony
Adams, Arley
Adams, Colvin E.
Adams, Edgar A.
Adams, Harry P.
Adams, W. H.
Adair, Clarence M.
Adkinson, Edmund R.
Adkinson, Raymond
Adkinson, Russel
Ahlf, L. L.
Aldrich, Frank
Alexander, John C.
Allander, Sydney W.
Allec, Eugene A.
Alleman, Roscoe C.
Allen, Joe
Ailing, Earl W-.
Amos, George E.
Anderson, Beverly
Anderson, Frank \l.
Anderson, Mike
Anderson, Norbert L.
Anderson, Sydney W.
Andrada, Arthur B.
Andrus, Lynn T.
Angle, Arthur W.
Annon, Valevian
Appel, Henry
Appel, Theo. G.
Aragno, Matteo
Arguello, Joseph M.
Armfield, Lee
Armin, Frank C.
Arnerich, James \'.
Aseves, Eliseo B.
Ashman, Leslie B.
Ashman, Raymond
Ashman, Theodore
Atkinson, Farrell G.
At well, Frank
Atwood, Chas. P.
Atwood, Percy
Aubuchon, L. A.
Avrit, Burnie
Axelson, Carl
Ayers, Lorin D.
Avers, Maxie H.

Badgley, Chester E.
Baggerly, Jesse
Bagwell, Samuel
Bagwell. William L.
Baier, John L.
Baker, Arnie E.
Baker, Carl
Baker, Clark E.
Baker, Verne A.
Baldwin, Fred W.
Baldwin, Lester G.
Ball, Dexter
Ball, John D.
Ball, Milton W.
Bangs, Edward C.
Barber, Bronson
Barker, Christopher R.
Barnes, Charles
Barnes, R.
Bartlett, Will
Bascom, John L.
Batterman, Herbert W.
Bauer, Louis L-
Beach, Archer C.
Beal, Darold L.
Beals, Ralph A.
Beecher, Walter
Beem, Raymond E.
Beisel, Emerson A.
Belden, Lawrence E.
Beltz, Carl L.
Beltz, Ralph E.
P.elvin, Charles C.
Bemis, Arthur C.
Benchley, Frank E.
Benchley, William L .
Benedict, Newton R.
Bennett, Edward L.
Benson, Albert R.
Bentjen, Fred C.
Berry, Fred JM.
Bertman, John E.
Besser, Frank L.
Rest, Ralph C.
Best, \\'illard
Bibber, Ray
Biggs, Frank E.
Biggs, Martin
Bird, Harold
Birenbaum, Benjamin H.
Bishop, Edwin A.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

117

Bittner, Alfred E.
Rittner, Walter
I)lack Bruce
Black, John P.
Black, Robert L.
Blackrnore, Bayard C.
Blaeholder, Charles C.
Blake, Frank
r.lakemore, Paul E.
Blandiii, Clarence W.
Blandin, Harold C.
Blank, Leon
Blee, Harry H.
Blee, James B.
Block, Tohn A.
Ely, Ed\vin P.
Bockrath, Leo A.
Bohannon, James E.
Boisseranc, Henry
Bolinger, Dowley
Booms. William F.
Boose, Herbert A.
Borchard, Ted
Bowen, Arthur U.
Bowen, Earl P.
Bowen, Franklin L.
Bowen, Frederick J.
Bowers, Noble
Boyer, George R.
Brace, Harry H.
Braddock, Fred W.
Bradford, Chester A.
Bradley, John L
Brady, Arthur J.
Brandt, L. K.
Brashear, Walter F.
Brassier, C. E.
Brewer, Harley P.
Brewster, William B.
Briggs, Frank E.
Briggs, Lewis
Briggs, Otis E.
Briney, Perry
Britton, John J.
Brock, V. D.
Brooks, Henry j\L
Brooks, Ray
Brothers, Howard N.
Brown, Charles A.
Brown, Donald
Brown, George W.
Brown, Harold R.
Brown, Hector
Brown, Howard E.
Brown, J. Burdett
Brown, Joe
I'rown, Lee L
Brown, Ollie

P>rown, Raymond
Brown, \\'illiam R.
Brubaker, Omer E.
Brubaker, AN'alter S.
Bruce, Robert A.
Bruer, Jesse
Bruer, Samuel B.
Brundson, Harold D.
Bruns, C. W.
Bruns, J. E.
Brunton, Delbert
Bryant, Whitney
Buchanan, Stacy M.
Buchheim, Daniel G.
Buckner, CIvde W.
Burdick, Earl K.
Burge, William M.
Burke, Sam W.
Burlew, ]. M.
Burns, Edward M.
Burr, Charles W.
Burr, Clifford
Burruel, John
Burruels, ^'ictor
Burrv, Delbert E.
Buss^ Harold J.
Butchers, William
Butler, Eldon
Buzonl. Claude
Bvran, Wilfred C.

Cadwallader, Forrest
Calder, James A.
Calderwood, Willis C.
Calkins, Harry C.
Campbell, Chester
Campbell, Denver D.
Campbell, Elgie
Campbell, Howard D.
Card, George \l.
C^rey, George W.
Carillo, Raymond L.
Carisoza, Frank P.
Carisoza, Joe
Carlson, Nels A.
Carmichael, Davjd B.
Carnahan, Aaron E.
Carothers, Oscar A.
Carpenter. Thaddeus E.
Carriker, Flovd E.
Carroll, Charles T.
Carron. Henry
Carver, Roy
Cathcart, \Villiam H.
Catherman, I^ay E.
Catland. Alfred'

118

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Certly, George
Cervantez, Joe
Chandler. Ernest L.
Chandler, Roy
Chandler, Roy W.
Chaffee, Elmo N.
Chapline, Frank L.
Chapman, Charles Stanley
Chappell. Ralph K.
Chase, Ralph
Chisum, O. H.
Chittenden, Burton L.
Christ, Earl \V.
Christensen, Jennings B.
Christenson, Albert R.
Christenson, Earl D.
Christy, Samuel W.
Clabby, Jack
Claes, Tonie
Clark, Daniel B.
Clark, Harry R.
Clark. Luther
Clarke, Martin F.
Claypool, Hugh
Clayton, Herbert J.
Clayton, O. H.
Clemens, Ruben ^^'.
Clever, Oscar R.
Clifton, Floren G.
Cline, Carl Otto
Cochran, Ross
Coenen, John J.
Coffin, John R.
Coffin, Owen T.
Cole, Amen
Cole, Glendon
Cole, Ralph W.
Coleman, Harry E.
Coleman, James O.
Collar, Jess. B.
Collette, Frank A.
Collings, Joseph B.
Collins, Joseph L.
Collins, Homer V.
Collins, Loyd R.
Colhns. Robert W.
CoUis, Ronald B.
Comstock, J. Roy
Cone, Arthur L.
Conley, Alfred A.
Conley, Joseph J.
Conner, Caswell L.
Cook, Earl T.
Cook, Thomas D.
Cookson, Raymond D.
Cooley, Archie D.
Cooley, Glenn H.
Coons, Arthur G.

Corcoran. Robert E.
Cordes, Alfred A.
Corliss, Roy Carleton
Cornelison, Enoch
Corrigan, Hugh
Corser, Lloyd C.
Covington, Daniel L.
Cox, Ralph L.
Coyle, Harold H.
Coyle, William A.
Cozad, Paul N.
Cramer, George W.
Crawford, Percy O.
Crawford, Robert M.
Crawford, Ross
Crawshaw, Jesse A.
Crespin, Emil
Crespin, Jim M.
Critton, Lloyd \'.
Crouch. John Edgar
Crow, Grover C.
Crowell, Claude S.
Culley, Herbert B.
Cummings, Albert L.
Cunningham, Richard
Curry, Robert A.
Curti, Lorenzo
Curtis, John H.
Cutler, William E.

Dahl. Walter A.
Dahn. Frank
Dale, Loring ].
Dale. iMilton B.
Daman, Ross
Daniel. F. Orin
Daniel. William H.
Daniels. Aurelio
Daniels. Thomas D.
Danielson. Carl
Danker. Benjamin J.
Danker, Ernest L.
Dankers, Martin L.
Dankers, \\'illiam J.
Dauser, Sue
Davidson, Irving D.
Davis, Elmo H.
Davis, Keith
Davis, P. R.
Dean, Arthur C.
Dean, Calvin T-
Dean, Floyd B.
Dean, Floyd M.
Deaver, Barrett
Deaver, Charles L.
Deaver, Victor

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Degryse, Adolph
De Guesippi, Antonio ^[.
Deitrick. Leo
Delanev, Rubin E.
Dellingcr. Charles P.
De Long, Keith
Dennison. John
De Letter, Gustof
Dewitt, Theodore H.
Dickenson, Eugene
Dickenson, Raymond R.
Dickenson, R. R.
Dickey, Leon A.
Dickson, James H.
Dickson, Oma \'.
Dillingham, Henry
Dismukes, Joseph W.
Dismukes, J. Walton
Ditchey, John D.
Doty, Charles \'.
Douglas, Eugene A.
Dowiing, Francis AI.
Dowling, William H.
Dovle, Ralph M.
Drake, A. L.
Draper, James F.
Duarte, Perfect
Da fan, Remi L.
Duhart, Peter
Duker, Otto H.
Duncan, Elora
Duncan, Elbert
Duncan, Harry
Dunkle, William W.
Dunlap, Stafford
Dunlap, Stewart
Dunn, Ray E.
Dunning, jMarshall F.
Durham, Benjamn TJ.
Durler. Ralph E.
Durrett, Henry N.
Dyckman, Albert W.
Dvckman, Walter G.
Dyer, Charles Y.
Dyer, George H.
Dyer, Raymond S.
Dvsinijer, Glen H.

Eaby, Roy L.
Easley, Roy B.
Eastham, E. S.
Echols, Marion H.
Eckhart, Lee F.
Eckley, Lee R.
Eden, John R.
Edgar, Carl R.

Edgar, Nelson
Edwards, Walter E.
Fells. Arthur Lewis
Eells, Ralph H.
Ehlen. Henry
Eichler, Chauncy H.
Eimers, Victor A.
Elam, Joe C.
Elliott," Delhert
Elliott, Floyd T.
Elliott. Frank
Elliott, Leon C.
Elliott, Stamey
Ellis, Archie
Ellis, L. R.
Emmonds, Sheppard
Enderle, Maurice F.
Engelhardt. Clarence H.
Ensigne, Elmer C.
Esau, Carl
Escarsega, Juan
Estes, Troy L.
Estrada, Joe AL
Etchandy, Joe
Evans, James
Everett, Harold
Eyman, Leroy

Faheyii, Edward T.
Fallert, Joseph A.
Fargher, Arthur
Faul, John L.
Faulkner, William C.
Felix, Andres C.
Felts, A. W.
Ferguson, John W.
Ferguson, Samuel A.
Fickle, Glen
Fickle, Marvin D.
Fields, Albert M.
Fife. Edward J.
Finch, Leonard B.
Finley, Edmund J.
Finster. Frank E.
Fipps, Remus F.
Fisher, H. G.
Fisher. Jacob AL
Fixsen, Ivan D.
Fletcher, Warren
Fleusouras, George G.
Flies, Ellery K.
Flowers, Dwight A.
Fluor, Fred
Fluor, P. E.
Forbes, Herbert
Ford, Arthur K.

120

Ford, Clifford M.
Ford, Guy
Ford. Maurice E.
Fordham, George H.
Fordham, Roy D.
Foster, Henry H.
Foster, Jesse L.
Fowler, Herbert J.
Fox, Elwin
Fox, Melville W.
Frampton, Fred F.
Franklin, Norman T.
Franzen, George H.
Fraze, Major C.
Frazier, Earl
Freeman, Don
Freeman, F. G.
Freeman, Frank E.
Freeman, James A.
Freeman, John W.
Frenger. Eugene A.
Frevert, Ervin C.
Frevert, W. G.
Frice, Arthur
Frice, Harvey
Friend, Bruce H.
Fries, Fred
Frink, William S.
Frostefer, Hugo L.
Frye, Herschel G.
Frye, Joseph L.
Frye, Lawrence H.
Frye, Valiant J.
Fuller, E. I.
Fuller, Fred
Fuller, Lloyd L.

Gage, Loren AL
Gale, Guy H.
Gallienne, Peter F.
Galloway, Ellis Lee
Gantheri C.
Garcia. Vito W.
Gardner, Vera P.
Garner, Robert W.
Garner, Thomas C.
Garr, Charles H.
Garrett, Hubert J.
Georts, Henry
Geretson, Rudolph G.
Gerken, Fred
Gerken, Walter
Getty, Wilbur K.
Geyer, Charles
Geyer, Floyd L.
Gianoulas, Demeterios

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Gibbon, Jamie

Gibson, Rex G.

Giese, William

Gilbert, Earl C.

Giles, Clarence F.

Gill, Oliver

Gillaspy, Ivan R.

Gillison, Robert D.

Gilmore, James T.

Girton, William H.

Gisler, Julius P.

Gisler, Thomas P.

Gittins, Lyman S.

Glenn, \^'illiam F.

Glidden, Harrison

Glidden, R. H.

Gobar, F. H.

Goddard, Gerald J.

Goetz, Edward A.

Going, Charles F.

Good, Junius M.

Goodale, Ralph H.
Goodell, Philip H.
Goodnight. Maloy
Gordon, G. M.
Gorton, Alonzo M.
Gothard, Joseph R.
Gow, James
Graham, Robert P.
Graham, Wilbert G.
Granger, Earl C.
Graw, J. J.
Greathouse, Alarshall
Greder, George B.
Greeley, Ross
Green, Robert \\'.
Greenleaf. Erol F.
Griffen. James W .
Grissette, Victor
Grouard, Franklin L.
Grover, Herbert H.
Grumm, Ewald
Guenther, Otto D. N.
Guglielmana. Riccardo
Gulley. Fred
Gunther. Emma O.
Guntz. Beaver G.

Haapa. Eino
Habener. \A'illiam
Hacklander, Atwill H.
Haegele, Frank J.
Halderman. Clarence
Halderman. Leonard P.
Halderman, Myron E.
Hale. Harold E.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

121

Hale, Harry L.

Hale, -W^-ilter B.

Halloway, Bert J.

Hamaiin, Richard J.

Hambleton, Walter N.

Hammerle, Raymond J.

Handley, William C.

Hankey, Carl H.

Hankey, Howard

Hankins, Garland

Hansbarger, Frank

Hansen, Magnus

Hansen, Walter

Hansfield, Gordon E.

Hantsbarger, Frank A.

Harding, William W.

Hardy, Ashael

Hardy, Daniel

Hargett, Coleman A.

Hargrave, Edgar J.

Harms, Fred J.

Harnock, Charles J.

Harper, Harry E.

Harper, Harry O.

Harper, Wilbur B.

Harris, George F.

Harris, George Franklin

Harris, Leon

Harrison, T. H.

Hart. Charles H.

Hart, \\'illiam O.
Hartman, Carl A.
Hartman, Claude E.

Hartung, Edgar J.
Hartwick, Delette
Hartwick, Martin
Haskell, M. D.
Hassler, Bert R.
Hassler, Ferdinand O.
Haster, Richard
Hatch, Ashley
Hatch, Jesse D.
Hatch, Melton
Hatfield, George H.
Hauk, Edward W.
Hawkins, Elmer
Hawkins, ^^'illiam G.
Hays, Mart V.
Healton, Orval P.
Hebson, John W.
Heil, ^'ernon C.
Heine, Dale M.
Heinecke, Albert
Hemmerling, Walter
Henderson, Walter
Heninger, William P.
Henry, Archie
Henry, Ernest M.

Henselman, Linn
Herbst, Valentine F.
Herron, Daniel W.
Hess, Albert F.
Heying. Edward
Heying, Oscar W.
Hickman, Carl
Hildebrand, George W
Hilend, lames E/
Hill, Frank R.
Hill, Fred "
Hill, H. PL
Hill, Horace R.
Hill, Robert
Hill, Roger F.
Hillebrecht, George A.
Hillyard, Warren K.
Hilton, Jules V.
Hinds. Thomas H.
Hinricher, Joseph A.
Hinrichs, John F.
Hoben, Hugh J.
Hodson, Burt B.
Hodson, Roscoe N.
HoiTman, Ralph
Hohn, Vernon F.
Holder, Dee
Holderman, Nelson M.
Holditch, George E.
Holditch, John P.
Holditch, Joseph B.
Hollis, A."D.
Hollowa, Bert T-
Holm, Albert C.
Holmes, Max C.
Holston, Thomas E.
Holt, Harvey K.
Holt, Tohn H.
Holve," Albert A.
Holzgrafe, Harold T.
Holzgrafe, Homer C.
Honey. Lyle C.
PTooker. Ray E.
Hooser, Clarence H.
Hopkins, Clyde H.
Hopkins, Donald
Plorine, George L.
Horton, Earl
Horton, Kenneth E.
Hoskins, Glenn G.
Hoskins, William C.
Hossler, Harry
Houston, Raymond S.
Howard, Carl V.
Howard. Horace J.
Howard, Kyle
Howell, William E.
Howland, George H.

122

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY

Howland, W.
Hubbard, George R.
Hudson, C. D.
Hudson, Gerald S.
Hudson, Percy W.
Huff, Ralph E.
Huffman, Alvan W.
Huffman, Ralph
Hugh, H.

Humbard, William A.
Hunt, Elmer R.
"Hunton, Gwendoline M.
Huntzinger, Amos
liuntzinger, Oscar
Hupp, Victor
Hutchinson, Samuel A.
Hyline, Stephen

Ilxes, Steven B.
Iman, Homer F.
Imes, Clinton
Imus, Carl O.
Indergand, Alex.
Inman, Elmer
Innes, Wells W.
Irvine, James R.
Irvine, Joseph B.
Irwin, Cecil C.
Irwin, George W.
Isinor, Albert P.

J-

Jabs, Harry
Jackman, Carl H.
Jackman, Harry H.
Jacobs, John, Jr.
Jacobs, Otto A.
Jacobsen, Walter L.
Jacques, Jules F.
Jacques, Placido
Jaeger, Fred C.
Jamar, T. R.
Jamison, A. J.
Jansen, Johannes
Janss, Elmer R.
Janssen, Frank A.
Jayne, Maxwell
Jayne, Ralph
Jefferies, Lester A.
Jenks, Stillman N.
Jensen, Norman R.
Jessee, William D.
Jessup, John H.
Jessup, Robert
Jiles, Clarence F.

Jiles, John A.
Johnson, Arthur A.
Johnson, Arthur W.
Johnson, Carl
Johnson, Claude E.
Johnson, Elmer L.
Johnson, Ernest
Johnson, Jack Stacy
Johnson, John A.
Johnson, John C.
Johnson, John H.
Johnson, Raymond N.
Johnson, Roy
Johnson, Samuel C.
jolly, Hubert T.
Jones, Arch
Jones. Charles C.
Jones, Christopher I'\
Jones, David M.
Jones, Gordon
Jones, Lawrence
Jones, !Mable
Juden, Floyd
Junge, A\'illiam F.

Kadau, Carl J.
Kadelbach, Albert
Kamp, Ralph B.
Kaufman, Louis H.
Keech, Dana E.
Keech, Cara
Keefe, John Edward
Keefe, Thomas A.
Keencey, Leo
Keim, Otto A.
Keiser, Delbert A.
Kellingworth, Hallie E.
Kellog, Ernest L.
Kellogg, George E.
Kelly, Arthur J.
Kelly, Daniel E.
Kelly, Joseph
Kellv. Leo W.
Kell'v, Ralph A.
Kelly, William E.
Kemper, Arthur A.
Kemper, John F.
Kendall, A. Gordon
Kendall, Harry L.
Kendall, Herbert R.
Keimed}-, Shirley A.
Kennedy, \\'illiam F.
Kennon, Stanley W.
Kenyon, Lee F.
Keseman, ^^'^illiam

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTV

Kestenholtz, Emil
Kettler, William
Killingsworth, Hallie E.
Kimball, True W.
Kimbrough, Edwin W.
Kindle, Daniel C.
Kino-, Earl R.
King", John S.
King, Ralph E.
Kingston, William
Kirk, Dean W.
Kirkpatrick, Harry G.
Kitchen, Harvey F.
Klaustermeyer, Henry F.
Kneen, AX'illiam E.
Knick. Thomas O.
Knight, Roscoe W.
Knowlton, Hollis H.
Koech, Hugh
Koenig, Albert F.
Kogler, Edwin

Kohlenberger, Charles F. \\\
Kohlenberger, H. H.
Kolkhorst, Emil W.
Kozina, Albert
Kozina, Alvin
Kraemer, Samuel P.
Kraft, Louis
Krause, H. A.
Krebs, Otto
Kroener, Rudolph
Kroener, \\'illiam F.
Krucger, Herbert
Kubitz, Walter
Kuechel, Edwin P.
Kurtz, Milton H.
Kurtz, Neale C.
Kusch, William H.
Kutzner, Herman J.
Kutzner, Otto J.

Lacy, Alex H.

Lae, John

Lae, Louis

Lae, Phillip

Lamb, John W.

Lambert, Emery B.

Lambert, George W.

Lambert, Munroe M.

Lambert. Wilson W.

Lambracopoulos, Theophanes

Lamhoffer, Eric

Lanime, Halsey

Lantz, Royce

La Porte, Peter

Larios, Thomas A.

Larter, Donald
Launders, Clarence B.
Lauterback, Fred C.
Lay, James F.
Lay, Verna Clyde
Leatherwood, Clyde E.
Leavitt, Frank S.
LeBard, Aubrey C.
LeBard, Thomas ].
Le Beu, Paul M.'
Lee, George M.
Lee, Harold K.
Lee, Roscoe
Lehner, jMerritt G.
Leimer, Charles J.
Leinberger. William S.
LeLande, Joseph A.
Lemar, Dwight H.
Lentz, Donald E.
Lentz, Wilber S.
Lenz. Otto
Levine, Sam
Liafe, \\illiam A.
Licherniann, Benedict A.
Lieberman, Anna L.
Lindley, Charles
Little, 'Walter B.
Litton. B. E.
Livesy, James E., Jr.
Lockett. Henry J.
Loerch, Albert L.
Loescher. A\'illiam G.
Logan, Charles F. D.
Loney, Earl
Long, Beaugh
Lopez, Alonzo
Lopez, Felix
Lopez, Franklin
Lopez, Paul
Loptien, Henry, Jr.
Love, Henry
Love, Leonard
Lovelandv, Thomas A.
Lovell, J.' C.
Lovett. Daniel C.
Lowen, Clifton E.
Luchau, Henry O.
Luck, Benjamin F.
Ludy, Howard E.
Lugo, Paul
Luhring. Rolla
Lujan, Sam
Luke, Norman
Lumsden, John C.
Lutten, P."H.
Lutz. William A.
Lykke. Andrew P.
Lvon, Franklin J.

124

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Maas, George B.

McAulev, John

Mc Bride, Frank

McCabe, Thomas

IMcCain, A. Lawrence

McCarthy, Robert

McClelland, George E.

McCIain, Charles '^R.

:\IcClintock, Clarence :\I.

McClintock. David

McCollum, Robert E.

McCollum, Thomas C.

McComber, George D.

McCounal, Arthur A.

McCoy, Alvan C.
McCracken, Lolie
McCune, John P.
McDonald, Donald H.
McDowell, Alonzo G.
McElnogg. Clarence H.
McFadden. Edwin T.
McFarland, James P.
McGaffev, Edgar W
McGill, Robert E.
McGraw, Harold S.
Maclntire. Carlyle F.
McKaughan, Dick O.
McKean, Jacob E.
McKean, Ross
McKelvy, Robert S.
McKinley, Robert
IMcKinney, Elmer
McMillan, Delbert L.
J\IcPherson, S. Brown
McRae, Charles M.
Maddux, Clement R.
Maddux, James W.
Maganety, John L.
Magg, George W.
:\Iagill, James W.
Mahoney, Fred O.'
Maigre, Henry A.
Alajel, Juan
Makokst, Frank
Mang, Henry A.
Mang, ^^'illikm E.
Mangham, Elwood B.
Marks, Benjamin H.
Marks, Emerson J.
Marks, Harry
Marlborough, Numa A
Marple, R^ S., Jr.
Marsden, Samuel A.
Marshburn. Clinton
Martin, Arthur T.
Martin, Charles

Martin, Perle M.
Martinet, Morris W.
Martinez, John B.
Martinez, Joseph P.
Marzo, Fernando C.
Mathis, Marion W.
Matter, Henry J.
Matthews, Curtis F.
Alatthews, Julian D.
Mattocks, Douglas C.
Mattocks, Edward S.
Mattocks, George E.
Mauerhan, Conrad [.
Mauerhan, Frank E.
Mauerhan, [ames A.
Mauerhan, Ralph W.
Mayer, Lawrence H.
Meadows, Arthur C.
Meadows, Donald C.
Meehan, Henry C.
Melchior, Jacob J.
Melton, Turner L.
Mensenkamp, Albert F.
Merkerm, F. G.
Meserve, Eugene
^lesserall, Ravmond E.
:Metz. ^^•illiam R.
-Aleyer, Edward G,
]\Ieyer. Fred C.
Meyer, A'ictor C.
Me\'ers, \\'alter ^^'.
Michaeli, Elmer F.
Miles, Martin R.
Miller, Irene
Miller, Stewart S.
Milosevich, Dusan
Minnix, Henrv C.
Mitchell, Flovd H.
Mitchell, L. C.
Mitchell, Ralph T.
Mitchell. W. E. "
Mitchell. A\-illis
Mitchell, ^^■illis F.
Mock, John M.
Mohr, \"ernon F.
Moist, M. S.
Mollica, Lawrence T-
Alontana, Joseph
Montenegro, Albert
Moody, John K.
Moon, Cecil K.
Mooney, Charles H.
Moore, Arlo F.
Moore, Charles H.
Moore. Glenn A.
Moore. James Francis
Moren, Robert H.
Morgan, Earl

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTY

Morris, William^ E.
Morris, Frank E.
Morris, \^irgil
Morrison, John L.
Morrison, Loftus B.
Mosely, Lemuel H.
Moss, Willard
Muckenthaler, \\'illiam IM.
Mueller, Emil C.
JMunger, Horace
Munger, Robert
Murdy, John A.
Murphy, Earl R.
Murillo, Alonzo
Muzzall, Clyde E,
M\'er, Theodore J.

Nankerville, William J.
Xash, Arthur Forest
Nearing, Alfred E.
Xelson, Benjamin F.
Nelson, Charles A.
Nelson, H. W.
Nelson, Orion L.
Nelson, Richard G.
Nesbit, Harry
Xewkirk, Harry
Xewland, John D.
Newland, Clinton C.
Newman, Horace T.
Xewton, James B.
Xewton, John L.
Nichols, Albert Q.
Nichols, Homer L.
Nichols, William I.
Xickles, Earl T.
Nicolas. John P.
Niece, Roland E.
Niland, Edwin R.
Xisyros, Anastasio
Xoose, Herbert A.
Xordeen, Ansel G.
Nordeen, Orval J.
Noriego, Ygnacio
Noulis, John
Xuffer, Bernard
Nunn, Robert N.

Oberlander, \\'illiam J.
Oertlv, George
Olds,' Leon B. W.
Orosco, George
Ortiz, Fred
Ortiz, Joe

Osborn, Hugh
Osborn, John H.
Osborn. Roy X.
Osborne, Dennis O.
Osborne, Harry C.
Outland, John R.
Owenby, Ira J.

Packard, Otto B.
Padgham, Henr}- I.
Page, George W.
Pangilla, Manuel G.
Pappageorgopoulos, Nicholos
Park, Eugene L.
Parker, Bernard D.
Parker, Clarence
Parslow. Edward C.
Paschall, Arthur
Patterson, Edward M.
Patterson. Lyford M.
Paulus, Walter L.
Pearson, Arthur
Pearson, Charles A.
Pease. Arthur W.
Pease, Walter I.
Peck, Robert G.
Pederson, James M.
Peel, Alvin
Peflev, Clarence R.
Pellegrin, A. E.
Pendleton, lohn A.
Penhall, Leslie W.
Penn, Ivan
Perkins, Byron
Perkins, Dixie
Perkins, Frederick, Jr.
Perkins. Harry R.
Perkins, Leo L.
Perry, Robert B.
Peterkin, George ^^^
Peterman, William H.
Peters, losiah
Peters. Rudolph O.
Peterson, Edward M.
Pettz, Hellie H.
Phelps, Allen G.
Phillips. Merrill N.
1'ickett. Jesse H.
Pierson. Oliver C.
Pittman, Earl
Planchon, Elman N.
Planchon. A\'illiam
Piatt. George H.
Plavan, Clyde A.
Pogue, John H.
Pohndorf, Henry G. J.

126

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

Poland, Oscar J.
Polillo, Antonio
Pollard, George A.
Pollard, William M.
Porter, Arthur
Porter, Charles L.
Porter, Joseph
Porter, Lloyd M.
Potter, Claude E.
Potter, Lee Roy
Potter, Raymond
Potts, Clifford C.
Prather, Floyd
Preble, Boyd
Preble, Dallas E.
Preston, Harold R.
Price, Henry O.
Price, Jake
Priebe, \\'illiam E.
Prince, Elmer L.
Pritchett, Clyde
Proud, Lucien E.
Puchert, Otto
Purviance, Glenn P.
Pye, B. C.
Pygman, Paul B.

Q-

Ouintana, Anselmo
( )uarton, Thomas L

Ragan, James R.
Rails, Roy F.
Rains, George L.
Ralph, A. S.
Ramsey, Ethel C.
Rand, Henry C.
Randall, Guy B.
Ranker, Frank J.
Rathke, Jacob C.
Raymond, Carl L.
Read, Noah
Reed, Harry
Reed, Leroy
Reed, Ruel L.
Rees, Albert E.
Reese, Emory W.
Reeves, Richard L.
Regan, Richard R.
Rehor, Victor
Reid, Harry A.
Reid, Leland E.
Reid, Taylor R.
Reihl, Grover C.
Reihl, Lewis A.

Reinecke, Joe R.
Reinhaus, Stanley M.
Renshaw, Clarence B.
Reusch, ^^'illiam
Renter, Ernest A.
Renter, Herman A.
Rhodes, jNIarvin D.
Rhodes, Marion
Rice, George B.
Rice, Oliver W.
Richards, Percy
Richardson, Hugh G.
Richardson, John W.
Richardson, Lee
Richman, B. E.
Riess, John J.
Riffle, Russell S.
Rigdon, \Valter B.
Riggle, Harvey P.
Riiea, Dwight S.
Riley, ^^■illiam J.
Rios, Antonio
Rios, Frank
Rios, Jesus
Ritner, William W.
Roberts, Harry F.
Roberts, Ray
Roberts, ^^'alter J.
Robertson, John ^L
Robertson, Robert M.
Robinson, Ernest F.
Robinson, Frederick D.
Robinson, John H.
Robinson, L. Homer
Robinson, INIichael
Rochester, Nathaniel N.
Rodriguez, \\'illiam
Roehm, Cornish J.
Roepke, Roy S.
Rogers, Floyd
Rogers, F. W.
Rogers, Meade M.
Rogers, Newton
Rogers, Willie
Rohrs, Albert F.
Rohrs, Henry
Romero, Jose
Romero, Stanley
Rose, Chester A.
Rose, Jesse G.
Ross, Elmer
Ross, Garland C.
Ross, Hugo J.
Ross, Raymond R.
Rossiter, Harry A.
Rossiter, Henry M.
Rouse, Luther G.
Rowley, Burton H.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY

127

Rover, ^Merrill C.
Ruble, George F.
Ruiz, Bidal
Rush. George P.
Ryan, Joseph H.

Sala, Myers
Salven, Fred M.
Salveson, Salve M.
Sampson, Herbert C.
Sanders, Ward
Sargent, James K.
Saunders, Ray
Sawyer, Guy
Schacht, Frank H.
Schalten, Roy F.
Schelling, Otto W.
Schev, Charles
Schiffer, Philip F.
Schildmeyer, Oscar A.
Schilling, Walter A.
Schindler, Henry
Schlueter, Henry H.
Schmidt, John H.
Schrott, Frank J.
Schultze, William C. R.
Schulz, Charles M.
Schumacher, David H.
Schumacher, Roy F.
Schumacher, Walter
Scott, Greba
Scott, Hubert G.
Scovel, George K.
Scudder, Thomas W.
Schwartzbach, Rudolph R.
Scale, Joshua E.
Sears, Rippley B.
Seeley, Esley
Segerstrom, Anton H.
Segerstrom, Fred A.
Shadel, Paul
Shafifer, Charles B.
Shampang, M. R.
Shanchez, Adolfo
Sharp, Selvin T.
Sharp, Selwyn J.
Shaw. Charles H.
Shaw, Robert
Shepherd. James C.
Sherwood, Arthur H.
Sherwood, Lyman
Shields. Cecil R.
Shipkey. Arthur H.
Shirley. Knox A.
Shoemaker, George G.
Shoneka. Selim

Shugg, Cecil M.
Sielitz, Richard J.
Siems, Fred J.
Siems, Harry W.
Siewert, Leonard W.
Simmons, Clark
Simmons, Fritz M.
Simmons, Jerome N.
Simmons, John G.
Simmons. Tom J.
Sinclair, William
Slater. Clyde
Slater, F. Clyde
Sleeper. Claude L.
Slodt, Harry C.
Smart, ]\L Carson
Smart, William A.
Smiley,Kenneth E.
Smith, Carson ~M.
Smith, Earl E.
Smith, George W^
Smith, Harrison E.
Smith, James J.
Smith, Joe
Smith, Lewis M. H.
Smith, Loren W.
Smith, Louis D.
Smith, Myer
Smith. Nicholas E.
Smith, Ralph
Smith, Robert E.
Smith, Stewart S.
Snodgrass, Archie C.
Snodgrass. Oran L.
Snodgrass. Sam
Snow. Horace E.
Snyder, Paul M.
Snyder. William L.
Solonon. Morris S.
Sonduck, Samuel
Sorenson, Samuel
Spohr, Elizabeth
Spotts, Harry F.
Sprotte, Charles W.
Sproull, Henry F.
Spurgeon, Robert
Spurling, Kingsley
Squires, C. E.
Squires, Elwell
Squires, Robert
Stalker, John B.
Stambaugh. Warren A.
Stamey. Elliott
Standring. Samuel P.
Stanfield. Frank
.Stanley. Eugene B.
Stansbury, Harold L
Stark, Ernest A,

128

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL-XTY

Starkey. Preston F.
Steadman, Earl J.
Stearns, Charles A.
Stearns, Marco M.
Steenberg, John
Sterrett, Wyman J.
Stevens, Arthur E.
Stevenson, Donald
Stevenson, Joseph
Stevenson, Samuel L.
Stevenson, Wendell M.
Stever, Fred P.
Steves, Fred
Stewart, Joseph P.
Stewart, Martin V.
Stewart, Wayne C.
Stillman, M. J.
Stillwell, Edwin G.
Stillwell, John W.
Stillwell, Richard C.
Stockton. Everett A.
Stoffel. Barney A.
Stoffel. Peter F.
Stogsdill, Earl W.
Stokes, Arthur J.
StoU, Frederick
Stone, WiUiam T.
Stortz, Parker H.
Stratton, Fred D.
Streetch, Wilhelm
Streed, Henry G.
Strieker, Edward E.
Strieker, Marshall L.
Strong, Clarence D.
Strong, Leo S.
Stroschein, Frank G.
Studebaker, Harvey S.
Stull, Bertram L.
Stull, Glenn B.
Summons, Tom. J.
Sutton, William
Swain, W. B.
Swanner, Charles D.
Swanner, John L.
Swarthout, Willard E.
Sweger, George L.
Swoap, Howard F.

Tait. Magnus W.
Talbott, Dale E.
Tanner, George F.
Tate, John N.
Taulbee, Bennie L.
Tavlor, George M.
Taylor, Hugh F.
Taylor, Otis G.

Tedford, Edgar
Tedford, jack
Tedford, "Malcom E.
Tervooren, John G.
Thierfelder, Leonard G.
Thomas, Thomas B.
Thomas, \V. Perry
Thompson, Allison W.
Thompson, Benjamin F.
Thompson, Gerald R.,
Thompson, Lloyd
Thompson, Morris J.
Thompson, Pharis L.
Thompson, Roland
Thompson, Somerville
Thompson, Stanfield
Thrall, Leman D.
Tidball. Charles T.
Tidball, David G.
Tillinghast, Charles D.
Tillotson, Clayton B.
Timmons, Herbert J.
Timmons, Howard C.
Titchenal. William H.
Titus, Gilbert L
Todd, Merritt L.
Toppins, John N.
Townsend, Arthur F.
Townsend, Joe
Tracy, Charles O.
Trago, Eugene
Treadwell, Frank A.
Trapp, Donald
Trapp, James B.

Tripp, Martin O.

Trotter, Clarence ^^^

Trude, Peter A.

Trudeau. Adolph M.

Trudeau, Peter A.

Tryk, Peter N.

Tubbs, Will L.

Tucker, Paul W.

Turner, Charles N.

Turner, J. Howard

Tweedie, A. M.

Twist, Arthur C.

Twist, Charles G.

Twombly, Gerald R.

Twombly, Harold S.

Twons, Arnold P.

Unger, Edward G.
Upton, George

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

129

\'an IJibber, Ray
\'anderburg, Elton D.
\'an Buren, Cornelius
A'andermast, Murry C.
A'andruff, Wayne
Vance, George L.
A'an Wyck, Charles D.
A'arian, Arthur J-
\'arner, John P.
A'arner, Milton
\'aughn, Lee W.
A'eale, Hugh E.
A'ega, William
A'ermulen, Fred W.
Mdal, Samuel
\'isel, Nelson S.
Masschaert, Leonard
^"ollha^dt, Carl F.
\'oltz, Frank F.
^'on Allmen, Ernest
\'uchevich, Peter G.

Wagner, Clarence
\\aidler, Earl G.
\^'aldo\v, Fred F.
\\alker, James E.
\\'alker, James L.
\\alker, Parker E.
Walker, Robert E.
Walker. Thomas B.
Walkinshaw, James H.
Wall, Charles A.
\\'allace, Charles
Wallace, H, Lew
Wallace, Lyon B.
Wallace, \\oodson \\".
\\'alrath, Weston W.
\\'alters, George S.
\\'alters, Grover L.
Ward, Samuel J.
Ward, Welcome M.
^^'arner, Ben C.
\\'arner, Harry E.
Warner, Leonard A.
Warner, Ross A.
\\'arren, Roy E.
Warren, William H.
Washburn, Walter
Wasserman, Henry J.
Waterman, Carl I.
Waterman, Sidney A.
Waters, John
"\\^atkins, Cecil F.

Watkins, Robert T.
Watson, Hallie
\\'atson, Harold
Watson, Noble E.
Watson, Robert W.
Watters, Theo. H.
Watts, John V.
Weaver, Raymond E.
\\ebb, William P., Jr.
^\'ehrly, John
Weilenmann, Marvin J.
Welin, Emmett D.
\\est. Clyde
\\'est, Frank G.
West, Oscar C.
West, Theo.
West, Z. Bertrand
Wester, Lou J.
\\'eston, R. T.
Wetzel, Rudolph
Whaley, Fleming \\'.
Whalen. William J.
Wheatelv, Charles L.
Wheeler, C. Paul D.
White, Robert O.
Whitney. Brvant
Whitney, Clyde C.
Whitson, Robert A.
Whitted, Edward E.
Wickersheim, Earnest J.
Wickersheim, Lyle W.
Wickett, \\'illiam H.
\\-ilcox. John \N-.
Wilcut. William L.
Wiley, Lytle R.
Wiley. Ross E.
Wilke, Frank A.
Wilkins, Rolla C.
Wilkinson, Roland C.
Willey. Albert M.
WiUetts, Thomas K.
William, Ross E.
Williams, Arthur
Williams, Ballard
Williams, Guwilyn E.
Williams, Leslie A.
Willis, Roy B.
Willits, Coit F.
Willits, Louis G.
Willits. Thomas H.
Wilson, Alston J.
W'ilson, Guy A.
Wilson, Mark C.
Wilson, Samuel E.
Wimer, George J.
Winbigler, Ernest N.
Winkleman. Rafael L.

130 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Winney, William A. Wyneken, Alfred G.

Winslow, Burt

AVinter, Frank E. Y.

Winters, Albert C,

Wisser, Lucien N.

Yoern, Fred

Wollaston, William N. Yomig Leo A

^Voodi^gton. George ^ost, Harold E.

^^-oodrl^ff, Virgil Young, Charles H.

Woods, John A. Young, Chester L.

\\ oods, Ralph A. Young, Cla:r E

Woods, Wilbur J. Young, Edward C.

Woodward, Carl }^°""g' ^^'V^'j

^^■oodward, E. C. Young, Fred h.

\\'oodward, Edwin Young, Glenn A.
Woodward, Noel L. ■ 1"''"^, Jasper G.

^Vorden, F. L. i°""&' ^eo A

W^orthy, Elmer T. Young, Ralph W.

Wright, Fay L. Young, Sidney A.
\\'right, James H.

Wuesthoff, Herbert C. ^■

Wylie, John L. Zimmer, Joseph P.

CHAPTER XXI
SERVICE MEN'S RECOGNITION

A monster celebration was held at Orange County Park September 9, 1919,
to pay tribute to the 'service men and to lay the cornerstone of a memorial arch.
The attendance was estimated at 30,000 people, with 3,000 automobiles. Three
bands were present and discoursed appropriate music, adding much to the enter-
tainment. R. L. Bisby, chairman of the Orange County War Service Recognition
Association, acted as master of ceremonies for the occasion.

Following was the order of exercises for the celebration :

10 to 11 a. m. — Band concert by Huntington Beach band.

11a. m. to 12 m. — Exercises of laying cornerstone.

Star Spangled Banner.

Invocation by Rev. Robert Williams.

Reading of list of deposits in cornerstone.

Presentation of gold trowel to Hon. Wm. D. Stephens, governor of California,
by T. B. Talbert, chairman of the board of supervisors, for the Orange County
\Var Service Recognition .Association.

Laying of cornerstone and remarks by Governor Stephens.

12 m. to 1 p. m. — Luncheon. Band concert by Anaheim band.

1:30 to 2:15 p. m. — Massed band concert, Santa .\na. Anaheim and Hunt-
ington Beach bands.

2:30 to 4 p. m.— Medal presentation exercises.

Invocation, Rev. Roliert Williams.

.\merica. bv aucHence, led bv Professor Gustlin.

World War. bv Rev. Robert Williams.

General Pershing March, by band.

Introduction of Governor Stepliens by R. L. Bisby.

Presentation of service medal to Clyde Slater by Governor Stephens. Other
service men received medals at booth.

Acceptance of same by service men.

California, by audience, led by Professor Gustlin.

4 to 6 p. m. — Band concert.

4 to 10 p. m. — Dancing and social time.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY 131

Among the remarks by Governor Stephens, while la\ing the corner.stdnc
of the memorial arch, were the following:

"We would be remiss in our duty as citizens of America were we to foroct,
even for a brief instant, the memory of those who lie on the hillsides of France,
beneath the poppies. The service men of this country performed achievements
worthy of the greatest honor that the world can give them. The people who did
not go to France, as well as those who came back, can honor the dead by living
a life of service to their fellowmen and country, and tlnis win in a measure a
small part of the glory which was theirs."

In contrast with this helpful, patriotic attitude, the governor condemned
Bolshevism as destructive of all government, and said: "Those who brook
l)olshevistic utterances in this country are themselves traitors to their flag. There
is now on the statute books of this state a law which the man who now stands
before you succeeded in having passed — a law, which, if enforced by the officers
of California, would stamp out every trace of Bolshevism."

It is needless to add that such sentiments were vociferously applauded l)\-
the large audience gathered together to express its appreciation of the patriotic
services of its returning citizen-soldiers.

In introducing Governor Stephens to present the recognition medals to the
service men. Chairman Bisby declared that Orange County was very proud of
the fact that the Governor had given up all other calls for the day, and had joined
with the people of Orange County in their recognition exercises. He then turned
over one of the medals to the Governor who, expressing his thankfulness for the
return of so many of the men, and glorifying the memory of those who rest in
fields of poppies overseas, presented the medal to Lieut. Clyde Slater, who hail
accompanied him to the platform.

In reply. Lieutenant Slater of Orange, who had been selected by the service
men to represent them in receiving the typical medal, declared that the returned
soldiers and sailors deeply appreciated the demonstration in their honor and the
medals presented to them. He said the medals would Ije cherished, and kept
always by the men as souvenirs of the day, expressing to them the fact that in their
service they were backed up by the people at home.

"We are here today," said Governor Stephens in his afternoon address, "to
do honor to those men who have returned from war service, and iiever shall we
forget those services, rendered in a splendid spirit and in a splendid wav ; I only
wish that thev could have had the opportunity to lick hell out of Germany. That
is my only regret in the ending of the war. I am here today to salute the veteraiis
of the G. A. R.. the veterans of the Spanish ^^'ar, and the veterans of the war that
has just passed into history.

"California celebrates today the sixty-ninth anniversary of her admission to
statehood. With every .commonwealth, entrance into the L'nion must have been
'he occasion of profound rejoicing, for there was instinct in the pioneers who
founded new states, a love of self-government which was incompatible with an
inferior territorial status and which chafed under federal jurisdiction over local
ailfairs. Such conditions were felt in an extraordinary degree in California, situ-
ated on the western rim of the continent, peopled by bold and adventurous spirits
and separated from the older states by desert wa.stes and formidable mountain
ranges, across which as yet no railroad had found its way

"As in courage and wisdom the pioneers discharged the problems nf tlieir
day, so in equal patriotism and purpose, we must give the best that is in us to
the right solution of the problems, that in our turn we are called upon to face,
dealing with them loftily, not as ])artisans. but as Americans. California cann(5t
escape this responsibility if it would, and 1 would not ha\e it make sncli escape
if it could.

"We cannot better celeliratc the liirthday of our Ijcloved state, wc cannot
better honor the memory of the gallant men and women who were the builders
of the coninuinwealtli. we cannot better honor the achievements, the patriotism and

132 HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY

the loyalty of the men of California who are just returning from their noble
service in their country's defense, nor can we better honor the proud memory of
our heroic sons who gave their lives for their country's flag than by a united
and whole-hearted support of whatever rightly makes for the lasting security of
the republic, the establishment of enduring peace amongst the nations of the
earth, and the creation of a new era in which all mankind shall know the happi-
ne'^s of a warless world."

Rev. Robert Williams, who offered the invocation at the beginning of the
exercises and delivered an address on the \\'orld War in the afternoon, spent
several years of his childhood with his father's family in Orange, Orange County,
Cal., the family afterwards returning to Wilkesbarre, Pa. Reverend \Mlliams
went into the army first as an enlisted soldier, and afterwards served as a
chaplain.

In his address Chaplain W illiams told how the American operations in France
and Belgium grew little by little until the time came soon after Chateau Thierry
when men and munitions were sufficient in numbers to enable Field ^Marshal Foch
to take the offensive and keep going until the Germans were forced to sue for
peace. After he had gone over the battles on such fronts as St. Mihiel and the
Argonne, leading up to the victorious march of the Allied armies on to German
soil, the speaker said :

"To my mind the greatest victory of all was indicated to me as the Entente
armies were marching into Coblenz. There the Stars and Stripes were seen
waving over the double eagle of the flag of Prussia. That American flag, floating
there, seemed to say that when the time came when the Prussian flag could be
replaced by the flag of a German republic, guaranteeing that Prussian militarism
was forever crushed, when that time came, then the American flag in Germany
would come down, for we did not come into Germany as conquerors. We did
not come with any idea of subjugating the people of the country, ^^'e came solely
as an army representing a people whose unshakable conviction is that right must
prevail over might in the world."

The chaplain's address was spiced with anecdotes of the war, incidents
humorous and pathetic that came under his observation, and in some of which
he was a participant. He closed amid tremendous applause after making an
earnest plea in behalf of the League of Nations. He said, in effect, that if the
peace of the world were not made secure in the future, then the men who fouglit
in France would have been betrayed.

The records of the War History Department of the Doe Library, Berkeley,
show this county's service men to have gained only seventeen citations and
decorations, as follows: 1, Diedrich V. Burdorf, Fullerton, cited by America:
2, Carl F. Burns, Santa Ana, Croix de Guerre ; 3. Pvt. Paul Cozad, Santa Ana,
commended for bravery, cited by America : 4, Major \^'. T. Crook, Anaheim.
Croix de Guerre, Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Order
(England); 5, Corp. Ora J. Easton, Santa Ana, Distinguished Service Cross,
decorated for bravery ; 6, Jacob M. Fisher, Santa Ana, Aledaille Militaire, Dis-
tinguished Service Cross; 7, Floyd L. Geyer, Santa Ana, cited by America; 8,
Ivan R. Gillaspy, Santa Ana, cited by America; 9, Sgt. John Guess, Jr., Elmond,
Distinguished Service Cross awarded posthumously ; 10, Harold J. Henry, Balboa,
Croix de Guerre; 11, Capt. Nelson Miles Holderman, Santa Ana, Distinguished
Service Cross, Congressional Medal of Honor; 12, Lieut. Perry Schurr, Santa
.Ana, Distinguished Service Cross; 13, Jay B. Taylor, Santa Ana, Croix de Guerre;
14, Jose Frank \'elasco, Yorba, cited by America ; 15, Allen C. Wallace, Anaheim,
cited by America; 16, Pvt. Curtis Ware, Tustin, Belgian Croix de Guerre; 17,
Joseph P. Zimmer, Placentia, cited by America.

Genevieve Ambrose, secretary of the department, explained her difficulties
in getting information, admitted that there were undoubtedly omissions and
errors in the list, and asked persons discovering either to transmit the informa-
tion and corrections to the department. The Santa .Ana Register pointed out

IIISTORV OF ORANGE COUXTY

13.^

that there is no such post office in tlie county as "Ehnoml.'" given in No. 9. and
called attention to the following omissions:

"Capt. Holderman, in addition to his American awards, received two Croix dc
Guerre decorations, one for bravery before the stand of the Lost Battalion and
one for a part he played in that desperate historic fight.

"The Distinguished Service Cross awarded Lieut. Elmer T. \\'orth}- of
Huntington Beach is not on the list. Neither is the citation given Sergt. Russell
Coleman of this city listed among the seventeen."

.\ cursory examination of a book entitled "With the 364111 Infantry in Amer-
ica, France and Belgium," a copy of which is in the Santa Ana library, disclosed
the fact that there were at least nine Orange County men of that hard-fighting
regiment who were "cited for exceptional bravery and meritorious conduct under
fire," and are not in that list, as follows :

Peter Laport, Fullerton : Charley Lindley, Anaheim: Alilton M. Bolton. F.l
Modena : Clifton E. Lowen, La Habra : James H. Dickson, Placentia : Frank J.
Schrott, Anaheim : John P. Holditch, Orange ; George L. \'ance, Fullerton ; Ralph
Huffman, Orange.

Those who know of the esteem in which the work of Orange County's service
men was held by the authorities believe that enough citations and decoration^
have been bestowed, if all were reported, to raise the county's rank to fifth or
sixth instead of tenth, as the seventeen, which were reported, now make it.

CHAPTER XXII
THE COUNTY'S LIBERTY LOANS

The five loans, called for by the government to finance the war, were appor-
tioned among the people according to the bank deposits in the respective communi-
ties. R. L. Bisby kindly furnished lists of the apportionments to the communities
of Orange County and of the liberal response made by each, as follows:

First and Second Liberty Loans

Subscriptions 2d Loan

Town 1st Loan 2d Loan Subscribers

.\naheim $49,450 S 408,750 1,515

Brea 14,800 4,000 47

Fullerton 62,000 357,050 '^7S

Garden Grove 1,600 22,550 140

Huntington Beach 700 33,150 140

La Habra 7,050 7.250 62

Newport Beach 4,000 14,300 101

Olive 1,400 8,100 .v

Orange 36,200 106,800 808

Placentia 24,200 50,250 165

Santa Ana 208,450 726,250 2,017

Tustin 5,250 27,450 145

^'orba Linda 8,000 42

Orange County $415,100 $1,863,000 7,106

Third Liberty Loan

Over-
Town Ouota Subscribed Subscrilied

Anaheim $ "188,000 $ 250.600 $ 62.600

Brea 10,000 50,100 40,100

Buena Park 3,000 13,550 10,550

El Toro 12,500 25,100 12,600

134

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Fiillerton 137,850

Garden Grove 19,500

Huntington Beach 27,100

Lagiina Beach 5,000

La Habra 14,100

Los Alamitos 17,000

Newport Beach 8,250

Ohve 8,750

Orange 181,100

Placentia 29,000

San Juan Capistrano 20,000

Santa Ana District 755.000

Stanton 4,000

Tustin 31,600

^'i.rlia Linda 6,750

Orange County $1,478,500

Fourth Liberty Loan

240,900

103,050

33,500

14,000

70,000

42,900

10,100

5,100

42,300

28,200

41,250

24,250

18,300

10.050

16,400

7,650

237,650

56,550

38,500

9,500

23.7S0

3,750

901,150

146,1,50

6,750

2.750

37,700

6,100

15,100

8,350

$2,172,700

$594,200

Town Quota

Anaheim $ 394,150

Brea 19,900

Fullerton 272,550

Garden Grove 34,650

Huntington Beach 51,450

La Habra 34.750

Newport Beach 15.700

Olive 19,300

Orange 363,250

Placentia 57,250

Santa^ Ana 1,47?,250

Tustin 57,700

Yorba Linda 14,250

Orange Count

.$2,807,150

Fifth Liberty Loan

Town Quota

Anaheim $ 282,100

Brea 16,000

Buena Park 8.550

Fullerton 214,400

Garden Grove 30,350

Huntington Beach 37,600

La Habra 25,900

Newport Beach 12,400

Olive 15,100

Orange 271,800

Placentia 43,900

Santa Ana 1,072,050

Tustin 40,500

Yorba Linda : 11,950

Orange County .$2,082,600

Over-

Subscribed

$ 495,800

$101.6.50

81,900

61.6.10

416.300

143.750

55.850

21.200

68,000

16.5.50

.54.350

19.600

36,300

20.600

23.:'00

3,900

418,600

55.350

75.550

18,300

1,806,800

334,550

70,200

12,.500

28,500

14,2.i0

$3,631,000

$823,850

Subscribed

Subscribers

$ 285,950

1,325

34,400

220

22.900

139

233,150

658

33,500

200

39,450

291

32.350

1.58

17.300

198

16.8.50

103

279.250

1,395

49.600

1.083.250

2,680

45.000

225

17.000

160

$2,189,950

7,833

HISTORY OF ORAXGK COL'NTV 135

CHAPTER XXIII
RELIEF WORK OF ASSOCIATIONS

There were four chapters of the Red Cross in active operation in the county
during the recent World War, one in each of the following cities : Anaheim, Ful-
lerton, Orange and Santa Ana. Each of these chapters, by its drives for member-
ship, included a large part of the community, in which it was located, as members.
The real work of the chapter, however, was done by a few score of people, mostlv
women, some of whom devoted almost their entire time to the work.

In answer to a request for information, th^ secretary of each of the chapters
furnished a copy of the last report, giving a detailed history of the work of the
chapter from its inception down to its close. These reports are highly creditable
and deserve to be reproduced in the history without abridgement ; but the most
that can be done is to give the results without recounting the processes b^• which
those results were obtained.

Anaheim Chapter of Red Cross

The .\naheim cha]5ter of the American Red Cross was organized in April.
1917, by the committee on organization. The officers then chosen served until
the following October when some changes were made, as was also done at subse-
quent elections. However, the treasurer, Mr. A. B. McCord, and the secretary,
Airs. Eva H. Boyd, served in their respective offices from the beginning until the
end of the work.

At the risk of overlooking some of the results in Christmas packages, canteen
work, etc., we skip over to the financial statement, whicli covers the period from
April 20, 1917, to May 1, 1919 and is as follows:

RECEIPTS

Membership $3,342.00

Sale of Insignia and Materials 300.31

Miscellaneous Income 434.45

Donations and Entertainments 4,379.83

Monthly Pledges 1,670.65

Stanton Branch 411,84

Salvage 180,43

First Aid 15.00

Home Service (loan returned ) 45.00

^^■ar Fund Drives 6,520.36

$17,200.87

DISr.URSEMEXTS

Membership National Head(|uarters $1,684.75 ■

Salary, Collecting 1917 War Fund and Office 345.00

Insignia Purchases 51.50

Military Relief, ^Material Purchased 7,037.02

Home Service 1 55.44

General Expenses, Comfort Kits, Telephone, etc 973.09

Canteen Service 381.41

Salvage, Junior Red Cross 40.00

First Aid, National Headquarters 2.50

Stanton Branch, 25 per cent War Fund, 1918 333.56

Stanton Branch, Local 337.16

$11,341.43

Balance on hand. May 1, 1919 $ 5,958.44

The work room report, July 1, 1917 to I\Iay 20. 1919, shows the following
articles sent to the Pacific Division: Hosiiital garments, 3.240; refugee garments.

136 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

267: knitted articles, 2,696; surgical dressings, 31,396; miscellaneous articles,
1,083.

Junior Red Cross Report

The Juniors of Anaheim Chapter made and sent to the Pacific Division head-
quarters 389 knitted articles and 524 miscellaneous articles.

One thousand two hundred twenty-five garments were collected and made
over into refugee garments. Since March 1, 1919, 150 refugee garments have
been sent in and girls were working on 15 men's pajamas, 15 girl's petticoats, about
20 knitted garments, to be fini.shed before June 1st.

Mr. J. A. Clayes, treasurer *of the Juniors, reports the following financial
condition :
Memberships, Salvage and Entertainments and Balance on

hand, July 1, 1918 $ 335.38

Receipts since July 1, 1918 101.40

$ 436.78

Expenditures, Materials 193.48

On hand. May 1, 1919 $ 243.30

There are twelve schools represented : ten public, two parochial.

Report of Grammar School Juniors

About 1,500 garments were sent to French and Belgian refugees. Many of
these were in good condition, others were mended or made over by pupils.

About 250 pounds of castor beans and 100 pounds of fruit pits were col-
lected. Tinfoil, rags, rubber, etc., were collected and sold for about $300. Three
hundred sixty-five glasses of jam and jellies were shipped to Camp Kearnv Ma\'
19, 1919.

FuUerton Chapter of Red Cross

Following is a synopsis of the secretary's report of the Fullerton Chapter of
the American Red Cross : This chapter was organized February 19, 1917, and
included all of the territory in Orange County north of Anaheim, classified as one
branch at La Habra and seven auxiliaries located at Brea. Buena Park, Pla-
centia. West Orangethorpe. East Orangethorpe. Olinda and Yorba I.inda.

The officers of the chapter from the beginning were as follows: Chairman.
J. R. Carhart, from February 19. 1917, to October 24, 1917; vice-chairman.
Waldo O'Kelly from October 24, 1917, to October 25. 1918; G. W. Finch from
October 25, 1918, until next election; secretary, Mrs. E. I. Fuller from Februarv
19. 1917, until April 1. 1918; Mrs. Ruth Talmadge from April 1, 1918, until
October 1, 1918; Mrs. Helen Carhart from October 1, 1918. until next election:
treasurer, E. K. Benchley from February 19, 1917. to October 25. 1918; T. Ead-
ington from October 25, 1918, until next election.

There is also a board of directors and an executive committee of such board :
otherwise the chapter is conducted along lines laid down in the charts sent out
by the National Headquarters, with committees appointed for the departments
specified in the charts.

A record of the work done is kept in the rooms of the Red Cross in the shape
of production sheets and shipping receipts. The surgical dressing department
made 82,043 surgical dressings. The garment department shipped 2,781 gar-
ments and 4,000 knitted articles. The chapter doubled its quota in the first drive
for second-hand clothing: but in the second drive it was not so fortunate. In
the first war-fund drive the chapter's quota of $10,000 was oversubscribed $2,000
and in the second drive its quota of $15,000 was oversubscribed more than $5,000.
The two membership drives ran the membership up to over 3,000. A canteen
service was organized in Fullerton with Mrs. J. B. Reeve as captain from August,

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 137

1918, until Januar)' 1. 1919, when Mrs. C. \V. Crandall took charge and continued
during demobilization. This department served about 500 meals each month
during its organization to the returning soldiers.

For nearly a year the chapter was able to get quarters rent free ; after Janu-
ary 31, 1918, it had to pay $25 a month for quarters in the Schumacher Build-
ing. The services of all officers have been donated, except about nine months of
Mrs. Fuller's time as secretary, for which $75 per month was paid. All other
work was donated, so that practically all the funds raised went for relief purposes.

The civilian relief work was under the supervision of Rev. Clark H. Marsh
until May, 1918, when he was called overseas to Y. M. C. A. work, since which
time Miss Dean has been in charge of that important committee. -

Orange Chapter of Red Cross

'J'he Orange Chapter of the Red Cross was organized as a branch of the Los
.A.ngeles Chapter in April, 1917. It closed May 26, 1919, with 2,217 members.
In the menn'ime it accomplished the following amount of work: Hospital gar-
ments, 2,955; miscellaneous articles, 1,307; refugee garments, 8,600; surgical
dressings, 102,038; pairs of knitted socks, 5,564; other articles, 2,284.

Tre.vsurer's Report

RECEIPTS

Donations and Entertainments $ 3.599.33

Pledge Cards 3,707.50

Gift Table Sales 542.70

Dues and Other Receipts 9,341.55

Total Receipts $17,101.08

DISBURSEMENTS . •

Running Expenses, 25 months, at $19.38 $ 484.50 '

?klaterials and Other Disbursements 14,702.24

Total Disbursements $15,186.74

Balance with the L. A. Chapter $ 2,004.34

The following garments were made by different communities, clubs, etc^
Lutheran League of Olive, 148 ; Wednesday Embroidery Club, 203 ; Woman's
Club, 261; ?^Irs. Bathgate. Villa Park, 396; Mrs. Lord. Villa Park, 1,145; Lu-
theran League, 1,049; Olive Entre Nous Club, 86; P. E. O. Society, 102;
\\'oman's Republic, 174; El Modena Needlecraft, 745; ^lethodist Bible Class,
20 ; Intermediate School, 67 ; I'aptist ."Md Society, 54 ; Orange Union High School,
81 ; Birthday Club, 8 ; McPherson Thimble Club. 278. Total garments by auxil-
iaries, 4,817. Balance bv central societ\', 8,045. Total garments by chapter
12,862.

A long list of persons followed to whom certificates were awarded bv the
Los .Angeles Chapter of the Retl Cross for faithful work.

The report closed with the acknowledgment of the many favors extended tq>
the chapter and the return of thanks for the same.

Outside of and in addition to the work of the Orange Chapter of the Red
Cross, the Orange Ll^nion high school raised about $1,600 for a hospital ambu-
lance. The original plan was to send an .\merican-made ambulance over to
France, but, on account of the difficulty of transportation, the money was sent
instead and was invested in an ambulance of French manufacture.

Any record of the Orange Red Cross would be incomplete which did not
make honorable and reverent mention of its president, Mrs. Carolyn M, Porter,
wife of J. R. Porter, who by patriotic devotion to the duties of her office short-
ened the term of her life, death occurring June 6, 1^)10.

■138 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

t Santa Ana Chapter of Red Cross

The Santa Ana Chapter of the American Red Cross contributed the follow-
ing amounts of relief during the war :

Contributions Quota Collected

;First ^^'ar Fund $15,000 $25,143

Second War Fund 22,500 35,378

.. Total War Funds $37,500 $60,521

• Pounds of Clothing for Quota Collected

Belgian Relief 1.500 8,230

Drive in 1919 4,000 5,500

Total Amount of Clothing 5,500 13,730

Garments made, 16.950; garments knitted, 16,799; surgical dressings made,
166,239.

Aside from war funds, the chapter raised about $25,000. Red Cross dining
room and shop made $5,700.

The chapter carried on numerous activities, such as aid for the helpless
during the influenza epidemic, home service work in which a separate office and
department were maintained.

The Junior Red Cross of Santa Ana Chapter was recognized by Red Cross
Division headquarters as without a superior on the Pacific Coast. Through its
thirty-three schools, the Juniors invested $146,090.04 in war securities, raised
$3,679 for Belgian and French orphans, $4,690.50 for Junior Red Cross work,
$820.31 for Armenian relief, $3,127.50 for the I'nited \\'ar Work fund, making
total donations of $12,955.75 ; collected 2,272 new garments for foreign and home
relief work and got together 27,435 used garments for foreign work and 3,776 for
home relief, over 600 quilts, 41 afghans, made 1,680 new garments and 325 knitted
garments, made 2)2 layettes, provided 180 sheets, 343 bath towels, 426 hand towels
and 201 napkins, 717 handkerchiefs, 518 wash cloths, 2>7 treasure bags, 295 prop-
erty bags, and various other articles, totaling about 1,000.

The officers of the Santa .Ana Chapter of the .American Red Cross are as
.follows: T. E. Stephenson, chairman; Mrs. A. J. Crookshank, vice-chairman;
Fred Rafferty, secretary ; Harry L. Hanson, treasurer.

The board of directors consists of twenty-two members and the work was
apportioned among nine departments or committees.

Salvation Army's Report

The relief work of the Salvation .\rmy in Orange County was as follows:
Xn May, 1918, $628.82 was raised for a war service ambulance. In August, 1918,
$10,000 was collected in the county for Salvation Army war work.
. ■ In the United \\'ar Campaign the national allotment to the Salvation .Army
was $3,500,000; but how much should be credited to Orange County is not known.
In Alarch, 1919, $8,100 was raised in the county for the Salvation .\rmy's home
service work.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 139

CHAPTER XXIV

A CHAPTER OF TRAGEDIES

The Killing of Sheriff Barton and the Capture of His Slayers

By J. E. Pleasants

In ihe year 1855 a team of horses was stolen from the i lardy brothers in
Los Angeles, and the thief, Juan Flores, was captured, tried and sentenced to
ten }ears in the penitentiary.

The Hardy brothers, who were living on a i)art of the William Wolf skill
place, were owners of several good draft as well as riding horses. They were
doing considerable freighting, the business requiring good stock, and this class
of animals was of great value. Their riding horses were of the native stock,
but were selected for their speed and endurance, as they were often used to run
races.

In the above-named year, one Juan Flores and a companion stole one nf
these freighting teams and probably intended to make for the Me.xican border
and sell the horses. Both Flores and his companion were captured and. after a
trial, each was sentenced to ten years in prison.

Two years after the event of the stealing took jilace one of the Hanhs had
a load of freight to haul from Los Angeles to San Juan Capistrano. He made
the trip without mishap and, arriving at his destination during the forenoon, deliv-
ered his goods, and put his horses in a corral and fed them ; this done, he started
out to see the town. A few hours later, as he returned to look after his animals
in the corral, he noticed several men looking at them ; the nearer he approached
he thought he recognized Juan Flores among the number ; this did not seem pos-
sible, for he remembered it had been but two years since the episode of his having
his horses stolen by him and he had received a ten-year sentence. Observing the
approach of Plardy the men went away and the matter was forgotten by ITardy
for the time.

It so happened that there was a Mexican woman in an adobe building
adjoining the corral who had overheard the conversation of the men who were
looking at the horses, and recognized Flores among them by his remarks, which
were to the effect that the horses in question were the same that he had stolen
and received his ten-year sentence for, and it was now a chance for him to get
even by waylaying Hardy the next day \vhen he was on his way home, kill him,
and take the team to ^Mexico. His companions, looking upon him as the leader,
consented to the plan. This talk frightened the woman and she did not know
what to do, for if it were known that she had overheard the conversation her
own life would be in danger, and at the same time she did not want to have
Hardy murdered. Finally she went to Don Juan Forster, who was a medium
through which many of the natives settled their differences, and related the con-
versation as she had overheard it. It did not take Don Forster long to decide
upon a plan of action. He found Flardy, told him the circumstances, but told
him to keep (|uiet about it and that he would send a runner out that night to
notify the sheriff in Los Angeles to come out and capture the bandit. The runner
was sent to inform Sheriff Barton, who immediately made arrangements to frus-
trate the plans of Flores and capture all of the bandits if possible.

The sheriff' notified Hardy's two brothers, one of whom selected his best
saddle horse and, after arming himself, joined the sheriff' and his three deputies,
all starting for Capistrano. Sheriff Barton was a typical frontiersman and had
seen many desperadoes, and knew how to handle them. However, he took the
precaution to make his will before he started out. Each man was armed with
a double barreled shot gun and revolvers. They reached Carpenter's ranch and
stopped there for dinner. That night they camped by the Santa .\iia River, but
the next morning were on the road very early and the ranch of Don Jose Seiiul-

140 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

veda was reached for breakfast. On the road the party came up with a French-
man riding a mule ; he stated he was on his way to San Diego and no objection
was made to his joining their party. When the men went into the house for their
breakfast they stacked their guns on the porch, and these were viewed with
some curiosity by the hangers-on about the ranch. Breakfast over, the sheriff
and his men came out, took up their guns without examining them, mounted
their horses and resumed their journey towards San Juan Capistrano. At a
point about midway from the Sepulveda ranch and San Juan some men, twelve
or fifteen in number, were seen by the sheriff, who was riding in advance of
his deputies, they being strung out along the road, with Hardy and the French-
man on his mule, quite a distance in the rear. As soon as the men saw the
sheriff they called to him not to fire upon them as they were friends. They came
up rapidly and as they were near enough, fired, and with deadly effect, for the
sheriff and his three deputies, after emptying their guns with no apparent effect,
fell dead in their tracks. As soon as Hardy heard the firing he rode rapidly
to the scene ; as he approached he saw the sheriff and his men lying in a heap
together, dead. He thought he could do nothing alone, and, wheeling his horse,
rode swiftly back towards Los Angeles. His fleet horse soon took him away
from the bandits, who overtook the Frenchman, but did not molest him in any
way, as they were after Hardy. It was fortunate that he had chosen their fastest
horse, for the bandits soon gave up the chase.

Reaching Los Angeles, he told the news of the killing of the sheriff" and his
men, and soon a party was being organized to go in search of the murderers.
In Los Angeles excitement ran high, and it was some time before a party could
be organized. In the American settlement at El Monte, not far from Los Angeles,
were several settlers who were used to the hard life of the frontier and were
none too law-abiding ; they wanted blood and were ever ready for a fight. These
joined the posse from Los Angeles and soon, under the wise guidance of General
Pico, a brother of Governor Pico, who was very cool in the face of danger, had
an understanding that Pico's orders would be obeyed by all. The general decided
to catch the men who had committed this wanton murder and he counseled caution
among the men.

After killing the sheriff and his men the bandits headed for San Juan Capis-
trano, raided the store for supplies, as they were headed for the Mexican border,
and possibly looking for Hardy and his team, who had in the meantime gone into
the mountains and taken a roundabout way back to Los Angeles, which he reached
a week later. When the pursuing party reached the town they found the bandits
had fled, and then began one of the notable man-hunts in Southern California.

The bandits made for the mountains by way of Santiago Canyon, were
followed by Pico and his men, who tracked them to the top of a ridge where
they could not get away, as it was found to be too steep. They had let down
one of their horses with ropes, but it was killed in falling, and they then gave
up all hope of escape. Flores abandoned his horse and, with two others, took to
the brush on foot and made good their escape. One young man who was known
by Pico, was called upon to give himself up and for the information he would
give, was told he would not be prosecute(J. He followed this advice, and after
some parley the rest of the band were taken prisoners, bound hand and foot
and turned over to the Americans in the party, who took them to a settlement
on the present site of Olive. They were placed in an adobe house and kept
securely bound and placed under guard. Pico went after Flores and the two
others, and by his knowledge of the country, and being an expert trailer, soon
captured the former, who was sent back to be kept under guard with the others.
He, too, was securely bound and placed on the floor with the rest, and, as usual,
the guard was posted over them. During the night Flores rolled over to one
of the other prisoners, and with his teeth loosed the thongs that bound him and,
this done, his own were taken off, and soon all of the men were free and made

HISTORY ()F ORANGE COL'XTY 141

a break to escape ; they were all captured, with the exception of Flores, who made
good his escape and headed for the mountains.

A runner was sent to inform Pico of the escape and he was met coming
in with the other two men. whom he had captured alone. Upon hearing the news
he was angry, for he had thought the Americans would surely be watchful and
not let the prisoners get away. He was determined that these last two prisoners
should not escape and, taking them to a large sycamore tree in the canyon, hung
them. To show that he had done his duty and partly avenged the death of the
sheriff, he cut off the ears of the bandits and sent them to Los Angeles, and then
took up the trail of the chief conspirator. These bodies w^ere left hanging, and
it was some time the next year that the bones were buried. The writer buried
some of them himself. The tree from which these men were hung is still stand-
ing on what is known as the Alodjeska ranch.

Pico followed the trail of Flores for some days, seeming to know about
where he would eventually be found. The news had spread to Los Angeles of
the bandit's escape, and the citizens were thoroughly aroused, for Barton had
teen very popular. Flores thought to steal a horse at Los Nietos, knowing that
Mr. Carpenter kept many good animals. He approached the place at night, and
the dogs alarmed the owner, who was asleep on a stack of hay ; as he aro.se with
a gun in his hands Flores could see by the bright moonlight that it would be
useless to try to secure a horse there and so passed on. Arriving in Los Angeles
he tried to obtain food and shelter, but such was the feeling that had it become
known such aid had been given him the persons so doing would have been lynched.
He then skirted the town and made for the Cahuenga Mountains. Pico followed
him, and at a point about the present site of Hollywood, came upon his man
almost exhausted, made him prisoner and brought him to Los Angeles and turned
him over to the people, who erected two poles with a bar across, at the present
site of the county court house, and hung him. The other bandits were taken to
Los Angeles and shared the same fate. The last one of the band was captured
in San Jose two years later and was returned for trial. After a year in the courts
with the lawyers wrangling over the case, his attorneys had the case transferred
to Santa P.arbara County.

The good citizens of Los Angeles had patiently stootl the delay and thought
that justice would be done by the court, but when the case was ordered trans-
ferred, took the law in their own hands and, taking him from the officers, made
another "example" of him. There was no doubt of his identity, for when he
was captured he was wearing the silver mounted belt that had belonged to the
sherifif he had helped to kill. There are comparatively few men now living who
■can recall the incidents noted here. The writer, who is one of the oldest living
.American settlers of Orange County, was an eyewitness of the hanging of
F'lores.

A Breach of the Law
By Linn L. Shaw

The only case of mob violence in Santa Ana history occurred August 20,
18')2. when Francisco Torres was hanged to a telephone pole at the northeast
■corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets. William McKelvey, foreman of ^ladame
Modjeska's famous ranch home in Santiago Canyon, was brutally murdered July
31. 1892, by this Mexican, who was employed as a laborer under him. Torres
fled, was captured at Mesa Grande a couple of weeks after the crime and brought
to this city, where he was held for the murder, without bail, and was con-
fined in the old jail on Sycamore Street, between Second and Third. McKelvey
had many friends in this city and the officers, fearing trouble, placed Robert Cog-
burn on guard at the jail. About one o'clock on the morning of August 20 there
Avas an alarm at the jail door and a muffled demand to open it. which order Mr.
Coghurn refused to obey. Immediately the door was battered in with a sledge
.and about thirty men, armed and masked, filed inside. Upon being refused the

.142 HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY

keys to the cell they forcibly took them from the guard, secured Torres and de-
parted. Mr. Cogburn attempted to follow them, but, upon being invited to return
to the jail at the point of what appeared to him a "horizontal telegraph pole,"
returned to his duties without any further desire to associate with his determined
and systematic visitors. There was evidently no time wasted with the captive,
and he was strung up to the pole, where the body remained as a gruesome sur-
prise to early risers the next morning. An attempt was made to locate the per-
petrators of the lynching through the grand jury, but no indictments were issued
and the affair was quietly dropped in official circles.

A Political Episode

Perhaps the most notable political event in Santa Ana's history was the
physical undoing of Dennis Kearney, in the fall of 1879. This man was cam-
paigning the state in the interest of the workingman's party and the anti-Chinese
movement, which at that time was a formidable issue in California politics. He
was popularly known as the "sand lot agitator," and, starting from his home in
San Francisco, he deluged the state with a ceaseless flow of vituperation and plat-
form blackguardism. Up to the time of his arrival in Santa Ana he had been
allowed to pursue his bullying style of oratory without molestation, as his own
personality and the many followers who flocked to his support all over the state
presented an aspect of brute force which no one seemed disposed to investigate.

In his speech here, in addition to the usual program of abuse, he also in-
cluded a number of false accusations against the McFadden brothers, who had
operated a steamer from Newport to San Francisco, but had been compelled
to sell it at a considerable loss to their stronger competitors, the Old Line Steam-
ship Company, and it was this transaction to which Ivearney devoted his slander-
ous tongue.

' Among the employes of the McFaddens was "Tom" Rule, a man of large
stature, supreme courage and prodigious strength. The morning following the
speech, as Kearney was about to take the stage for San Diego at the old Layman
Hotel, he was confronted by ]\Ir. Rule who demanded the name of the man who
tiad given him the lying information concerning his employers. Kearney recog-
nized the nature of the trouble in store for him at once, and immediately lost
the nerve which had been so proudly exploited by his followers. He timidly
explained that he "would not give away his friends," and upon a second and
more imperious demand for the name, commenced backing away from his unwel-
come opponent, at the same time endeavoring to draw his revolver. Rule, who
was unarmed, hesitated no longer, but struck the ])ride of the sand lots a heav\
blow which landed him against the side of the hotel, from whence the once
feared Kearney ran with great vigor and utter lack of dignity to the barroom,
out through the dining room and across the street into a drug store, where he
was overtaken by the now thoroughly aroused Rule, who pinned him to the floor
and pummeled him (|uite severely. By a strange coincidence Kearney was rescued
from his very mortifying position by one of the INIcFadden brothers, neither of
whom had known of Mr. Rule's contemplated raid on their slanderer. None of
his adherents had oft'ered him the slightest assistance, and his departure was in
marked contrast to his triumphant entry into the town the day before. In his
speeches he had advocated hemp and mob law for the hated plutocrats and
capitalists, but certainly did not relish an application of his own medicine. He
had announced on his home sand lot platform, before departing on this campaign :
"I hope I will be assassinated, for the success of this movement depends on
• that" ; but the sacrifice palled upon his appetite when the opportunity for which
he had .so eagerly petitioned presented itself in apparent good working order.
This incident, which was at once luraMed over the state, had the effect of imme
diately diminishing Kearney'- powrr and influence to an alarming extent, and he
soon passed into history as a incrc blatherskite.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 1431

Mr. Rule, who was the regular pilot at Newport Bay, was drowned a few/
years later while attempting to cross the bar at the entrance of the bay in a row*
boat, which capsized in the breakers. The hero of the Kearney episode was
struck upon the head by the boat as it overturned and his body immediately sank,
being recovered several days afterward just inside the bar. ♦

CHAPTER XXV

THE OIL INDUSTRY ^ ♦

By William Loftus .

Some development work had been done in this county previous to 1896, and
in the Dan ]\IcFarland well, located in the N. W. yi of section 8 twp. 3 S. Rang(^
9 W. S. B. B. M.. about ten barrels of oil per day was struck at a depth of less
than a thousand feet. But the formations were so difficult and expensive (o
drill with the machinery then employed that the well was abandoned, and the'
field temporarily condemned.

In 1896, E. L. Doheny — a name that will ever be prominent in the history'
of the development of the California oil fields as well as those of Mexico — was'
favorably impressed with the indications of oil. He obtained a lease with art-
option to purchase the lands now owned and operated by the Petroleum Develop-
ment Company, which company is now owned by the Santa Fe Railroad Com-'
pany. Mr. Doheny entered into a contract with the Santa Fe Company to operate
the territory in partnership. He moved onto the property in February, 1897.
and the first well, which was drilled to a depth of about 700 feet, was completed'
and ]3ut on the pump in a few months. It was started off with a production of
about fifty barrels per day. This agreeably surprised Mr. Doheny as he, when
making the contract with the Santa Fe, only predicted wells of a capacity of
from ten to twenty-five barrels per day at such a shallow depth, but it was his:
opinion that the quantity would increase with depth and that the formations
would carry oil very deep. Up to October, 1898, the Santa Fe and Mr. Doheny.
had drilled ten wells, all less than 900 feet deep, which was about as deep ;ls
could be drilled in this formation with the methods then employed. Their- best
well produced about 100 barrels per day.

The Graham-Loftus Oil Company commenced operations in this field in
October. 1898. They drilled the first well 650 feet deep, and could get no further.
The well started off with a production of forty barrels per day. They encoun-
tered the same difficulties in No. 2. Four strings of casings were struck within,
the first 450 feet. The hole was then filled with water and drilled to 1,465 feet,
with two strings of casings. This was the first well drilled full of water for the
inirpose of holding up the walls, as far as I have been able to ascertain, though:
if may have been used before. The idea was not mine, but suggested to nie by
Frank Garbut in 1894, at which time I turned it down as impracticable. It is:
now used generally throughout the state of California, and I consider it the'
greatest of the three chief factors that have made the large production of petro-.
leimi oil in California possible. The other two are the double undcr-reamer and
ihe steel drilling cable.

The Graham-Loftus well No. 2 started with a production of 700 barrels per
day and blazed the way for deeper and more productive wells. The depth has
gradually been increased to over 4,000 feet, and the initial production to approxi-
mately 20,000 barrels per day for a few days.

In the fall of 1898 the Columbia Oil Company was organized and started
operations on a lease from the Olinda Ranch in Section 9, upon which they
developed oil of about 32 gravity Baume. The oil appears to be the sarrie as
that in the fild Puentc wells about five miles northwest, and it is the opinion of

144 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

well-informed oil men that the light oil belt is continuous between these two
points. There has been very little development made in this strike, but wherever
wells have been drilled they have proven productive.

In 1899, Charles V. Hall, George Owens, Martin Barbour and James Lynch
leased fifty-eight acres of land from the Olinda Ranch in section 8. After
drilling a hole about 400 feet deep, Owens, Barbour and Lynch, who were experi-
enced oil men, sold out their interests to C. V. Hall, whose experience consisted
of a few shallow wells drilled in the city of Los Angeles, and who was conse-
quently "not supposed to know a bad thing when he saw it." At about 1,500 feet
he had a flowing well, and opened up what has proven to be the richest portion
of the field. One well on this lease is credited with a production of about
20,000 barrels per day for a few days.

In January, 1894, the Union Oil Company of California purchased about
1,200 acres from the Stearns Ranch Company in sections 5, 6, 7 and 8, Twp.
3, S. range 9 W. sections 1 and 12 twp. 3 S. range 10, \\'., 100 acres of the east
ertd of which they leased to the Columbia Oil Producing Company. This lease
has proven very prolific producing property. To compromise a legal claim on
the 1,200 acres, the Union Oil Company gave 200 acres from the west end, which
has proven very productive also. It was purchased by the Brea Canon Oil Com-
pany. E. L. Doheny was the promoter of this company, which proved very
successful.

The value of the oil deposit is not determined, however, by the product of
a few large wells, but is estimated by men familiar with the business by the
amount of oil sand and the per cent of saturation, which means the amount of
oil per acre. In this respect the Olinda-Fullerton field is considered the best
in the state, which means the best in the United States.

The proven area of this field is about 2,000 acres. Judging from my own
experience and the information I have obtained from others, I estimate the
average thickness of the oil and sand at two hundred feet. Geologists estimate
the saturation at ten per cent, which would give about 155,000 barrels per acre,
or an aggregate of 310,353,000 barrels. Divide this by two for safety, and
we will have the very considerable sum of 155.176,500 barrels. Throw off the
odd figures and in round numbers say 155,000,000 barrels.

When we take into consideration the fact that the probable oil area is double
the proven, and the possible very much greater, we begin to appreciate the value
of the oil deposits in Orange County. To date (1910) there has been produced
approximately 20,431,481 barrels. The average price has been about sixty-five
cents per barrel, aggregating $12,550,922. The equivalent in coal, at six dollars
per ton, would cost $33,102,665, a saving to the consumer of $20,551,743.

In 1910, the writer of the foregoing article said: "The evolution of the oil
business has been very rapid, and in my judgment, will so continue. Machinery
and facilities for drilling deeper will be employed and quantities of oil will be
produced from greater depths than is now generally considered practicable."
This prediction has been literally fulfilled in the intervening years since it was
made, as can be shown by the increase in the assessed valuation of the county
and by mentioning some of the important developments of the industry.

Following are the county assessments for the past six years ; it will be noted
that the greatest gains are in the years when there was the largest development
in the oil industry.

1914-1915 $54,546,951

1915-1916 55,266,628

1916-1917 57,532,662

1Q17-1918 69,680,472

1918-1919 73,910,565

1919-1920 96,906,815

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 145

The county assessor, in listing the oil wells for taxation, follows the law
where it says, "All property in the state, . . . shall he taxed in proportion to its
value." Some of the large producers have protested against his valuations ; but
the courts have sustained the assessor. The Standard Oil Company paid taxes
on the production of its wells for the year 1919-1920, to the county assessor,
$443,670.36, and to the county tax collector, $15,050.84, making a total of
$458,721.20. For further proof of the development of the oil industry and
of its great value to the county, note the following reports gleaned from the
Santa Ana Register:

The Union Oil Company opened up the Placentia-Richfield district in
March, 1919, by bringing in an 8,000 barrel gusher on the Chapman property,
which has been a regtdar producer ever since.

March 21, 1919. Oil wells located in Orange County are producing 1.475,000
barrels of oil a month. That, at the present price, means a value of $1,843,750
a month, and $22,125,000 a year, which is $1,625,000 more than the estimate
of the Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce.

April 14, 1919. The Union Oil Company's Chapman well is now regarded
as the finest well in the state and the pride of the southern field. This great
well has been throttled down to 2,500 barrels, the product coming through a Js
dip nipple. The oil is testing 23 gravity and the cut is less than .6 of one per
cent. The gas pressure continues and is now up to 300 pounds. The well is
making close to a million feet of gas daily. Gas from the well is furnished
Anaheim.

August 18. 1919. A later account. At Richfield the Union's Chapman
gusher has become the wonder of all Southern California. This great producer
continues to increase daily until now the output has reached 5,200 barrels.
Accompanying this tremendous volume of oil that is coming easily and quietly
from a depth of 3,000 feet, is some 3.000,000 feet of gas. The oil is coming
through a V/^. inch opening, and if opened up the well would produce 10,000
barrels as easily as it is now producing 5,200.

August 14, 1919. Barney Hartfield of Anaheim, one of the owners of the
Heffern well, said oil and gas at 2,385 feet indicated a good well then, but it
was cemented up and bigger stakes are being sought. The Heffern Company
has over 500 acres under lease. It has refused $100,000 for the release of a 70-
acre tract.

September 10. 1919. Throwing oil and sand a distance of seventy-five feet
above the derrick Kraemer well No. 1, of the Standard Oil Company, came in,
adding a new gusher to the Fullerton field. It is estimated that this well is pro-
ducing 5,000 barrels of oil daily.

September 22, 1919. An experienced Pennsylvania oil man, reported to be
very wealthy and with strong eastern connections, has leased for oil the prop-
erties of Mary J. Bond. M. J. Monette, W. K. Mead, H. D. Lyman and others,
comprising more than 1,000 acres. These lands are located just east of El Mo-
dena. four miles east of Orange and six miles southeast of the Richfield district.

October 3. 1919. The Standard's Kraemer 2-1 well blew a charge of gas
and oil oui of the hole and covered about twenty acres of C. C. Chapman's
choicest orange trees with oil. It also discharged large quantities of sand.

October 13, 1919. The Chapman gusher is again referred to as the best pro-
ducer in the state, having poured forth a million and a half barrels of 27 gravity
oil since it came in the latter part of March.

October 15, 1919. What promised to be another gusher was brought in on
the O. M. Thompson property, one-quarter of a mile east and one mile south of
the Chapman well. The oil forced its way up through the sand and mud to the
top of the pipe ; but the men clamped on a cap and prevented its flowing for the
time being.

146 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

October 20, 1919. The Standard Oil Company and others have leased con-
siderable acreage on the Huntington Beach mesa, though no derricks have been
erected as yet. Some of the leases carry a cash bonus and a monthly rental as
well as a share in the oil developed. Joe Simas of Seal Beach, in boring for
water, opened up a small gas well, which he utilizes for light and fuel supply
for his house and barn.

October 24, 1919. A 3,500-barrel oil well was brought in by the Standard
Oil Company on the JMurphy lease on Monday. The well, Xo. 66, completed at
2,833 feet, is the second largest well brought in during the yeat, and maintains
the supremacy of the Murphy property as the greatest oil producing lease in
the state.

October 30, 1919. The well, reported fifteen days ago on the O. j\I. Thomp-
son place as having been capped without letting it display itself, proves to be a
5,000-barrel gusher, rivaling the famous Chapman well.

November 18, 1919. The Hefifern Oil Company, which heretofore has been
an association, decided to incorporate with a capital stock of $5,000,000. The
cost of the test well to date is $214,000, including $30,000 value of the Heffern
leases. There are three drilling crews at work in the vicinity of Newport Bay.
The Liberty Oil Company is cleaning out its well No. 1 at the head of the bay.
Some oil was found at a depth of 2,100 feet when work was stopped. Now the
company will go several hundred feet deeper.

As proof that Orange County's oil production has not reached its limits, but
is on the increase, note the following recent developments :

The Petroleum Oil Company brought in Thompson well No. 2 on ^March 12,
1920, with a reported flow of 3000 barrels and increasing. The company was
expecting a gusher and prepared to care for the oil so that none of it would be
wasted. Thompson well No. 3 came in June 1. 1920, with a flow of 650 barrels,
which many believe too low an estimate.

The Kraemer well No. 2-S. which was brought in recently, is producing
150 barrels of 26 gravit}- oil. The Thompson-Goodwin well of the Union Oil
Company came in with a roar June 14, spouting oil over the top of the derrick
and then sanded up. However, it started flowing again a steady stream which
experts estimate at 1,800 barrels per day of 27 gravity oil.

Spouting over the tops of the derricks, two wells on the Standard Oil Com-
pany's Sam Kraemer lease, in the Placentia-Richfield district, came in with a
roar June 23. 1920. They are numbered 6 and 7. The yield of No. 6 has been
estimated all the way from 1,000 to 3,000 barrels per day. No estimate was
reported on the yield of No. 7, although it was said to be equallv violent with
No. 6.

Early in August, 1920, Huntington Beach well No. 1 on the mesa was
brought in with a small intermittent flow, which later became constant and in-
creased to nearly 150 barrels of 24 to 26 gravity oil per day. This established
the character of that section as proven oil territory. Immediately all land, not
already under contract, was leased by some of the operating companies. The
Newport mesa well and the well at Olive are about ready for testing early in
September, although the drillers think they may have to go deeper. A new well
is being started near Orange County Park, and others are being planned or
drilled in different parts of the county, especially in or near proven territory. It
is not always wise in argument to reason from a few particulars to a general
conclusion: but. producing oil wells are becoming so numerous and widely
scattered, it is almost safe to conclude that the whole of Orange County is under-
laid with oil sand, though it may be at different depths in different localities.

Other wells might be mentioned, but space forbids. However, the Brea
Progress-]\Tunger Oil News Service gave quite an extensive survey of the oil fields
of Orange County and adjoining territory on June 26, 1920, prepared by El wood
J. Munger. A summary of this report shows 170 wells drilling, 930 producing,
with a daily output of 76,000 barrels of oil, ranging in gravity from 14 to 27.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 147

and in price from $1.43 per barrel for the lowest gravity oil to $1.93 for the
highest. While a large majority of the wells mentioned in the report are in
Orange County, yet the inclusion of wells at Santa Fe Springs, Whittier, Monte-
bello and other outside fields would prevent this county claiming all the credit
for the fine showing in this report. If only half of the daily output reported, or
38,000 barrels, be credited to this county, and if the average price received be
$1.68 per barrel, which is the average between $1.43 and $1.93, then Orange
County would receive a gross income of $23,301,000 from its oil industry each
year. If, however, two-thirds of the daily output reported, or 50,666 barrels,'
be credited to this county, and if the average price received be $1.68 per barrel,
then Orange County would receive a gross income of $31,068,391 from its oil
industry each year. The latter sum tallies pretty closely with the estimate of the
Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce.

But, however estimated, the oil industry is clearly the largest asset of Orange
County, and makes this county safe from light, heat and power troubles.

CHAPTER XXVI

THE CITRUS INDUSTRY
By G. W. Sandilands

The orange was born in India: when, history does not sa}-. Thence it found
its way into Arabia and Syria, and in the eleventh century was growing in Italy,
Sicily and Spain, Europe's greatest citrus fruit regions. The sixteenth century
brought the orange to America. Across the Atlantic the Spaniards brought it
in their conquest of the new world.

California saw the orange in 1769, or within the next few years after, for
it was then that the Franciscans started north out of Lower California. In
1792 oranges are known, by mission records, to have been growing at the San
Buena Ventura Mission. San Gabriel Mission, near Los Angeles, had the
most extensive grove. This w-as set out in 1804, In 1818 there were 211 fruit
trees, oranges and others, at San Gabriel. Two small groves were planted in
Los Angeles in 1834, the first outside of the Mission gardens. \\'illiam Wolfskill
set out two acres in 1841, the first intended for commercial use. In 1857, L.
\"an Luven, pioneer fruit man in the region now holding the great orchards of
Sari Bernardino \'alley, planted forty-five seedling trees. In 1865, 200 trees were
set out at Crafton, near Redlands.

Sacramento saw the first orange tree in the northern section in 1855. By
1862 there were 25,000 citrus fruit trees in California. In 1870, the first seeds
were planted at Riverside. However, the real era of the citrus fruit industry
was started in 1873. It was in that year that L. C. Tibbetts, of Riverside, planted
two trees from the Department of Agriculture, which secured a small shipment
of trees from Bahia, F.razil. The superiority of the fruit of these trees was
quickly recognized. The trees were named the Washington Navel, and in the
next decade several thousand acres of Washington Navels were planted in Cali-
fornia. The original trees are still living and are objects of interest to the
people and visitors of Riverside. Some years ago one of these trees was removed
from its original home to the grounds of the Glenwood Inn, and reset with great
pomp and ceremony on the occasion of a visit of President Roosevelt, the
distinguished visitor taking part in the work of transplanting.

By Charles C, Chapman

Orange County, as the name implies, gives splendid evidence of being the
ideal section for the culture of the orange. It is as highly developed here as in
any other part of the world. Indeed, I do not hesitate to say that the orange
grown here has no equal. This is demonstrated by the fact that for years

148 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

oranges from this county have brought the highest prices, in the most discriminat-
ing market of the country, of any oranges grown in the world.

The soil afid climate of Orange County are splendidly adapted to the culture
of the orange. Indeed, the Divine hand has been lavish in bestowing upon all
Southern California, and upon Orange County in particular, rare natural advan-
tages, perhaps greater than those enjoyed by any other section over which the
flag floats. The magnificent mountain ranges not only form picturesque scenery
and giant bulwarks to guard the fertile valleys, but are our great natural reser-
voirs. Our coast is washed by the boundless Pacific. Our climate is faultless.
In fact, it is not too much to say that as to the fertility of soil, the charming
climate and the scenery with its grandeur and beauty, it is not surpassed the
world around.

Not only are the climate and soil of this county adapted to the culture
of the orange, but irrigating water is in abundance and rain is as plentiful as
in any other section in Southern California. The temperature does not go as
high in summer or as low in winter here as in the more inland sections. The
extremes are not experienced, and, therefore, oranges are frequently held here
upon the trees for many months after they are fully matured and without serious
detriment to their texture, color or flavor.

The splendid equipment for packing oranges now found in our packing
houses is the result of a very considerable evolution in the orange industry.
Ingenious men have invented machinery, as well as discovered new and improved
methods of doing work in every department, from clipping the fruit from the
tree to putting it on the market.

The methods of handling oranges were very crude and simple at first.
There was no uniformity of pack, or any method in general adopted by the early
growers and packers. The only thought seemingly in the mind of the shipper
was to get the fruit in some sort of package in order to ship to the consumer.
During these early days Chinamen were generally employed to do the packing.
The fruit was cut from the trees and piled up on the ground or in sheds, and
the Chinamen sat upon the ground or floor and made selection as to size from
the pile and put them in the box, sometimes wrapping them with the ordinary
coarse brown paper, such as was usually found in the grocery stores of that day.

Soon, however, enterprising shippers began to realize that if the fruit was
uniformly sized it would pack more evenly and be more attractive. Some very-
simple and inexpensive machinery for doing this was invented. Perhaps the
first machine for sizing of any pretensions was the one known as the California
grader. This was a simple rope grader about ten feet long and worked by foot
power. From time to time this was lengthened until some were made from
twenty to thirty feet long, delivering fruit to bins arranged on either side and
extending five to ten feet longer.

Other sizers more complicated and with greater capacity and accuracy have
been invented. There are two or three quite extensive factories in Southern
California which make packing-house equipment for doing practically all work
in the handling of the orange. There are now on the market washers, driers,
polishers, graders, sizers, separators and wrapping machines of several designs
and at various prices.

Progress has been made along all lines of the business. Uniform packages
have been adopted for both the orange and the lemon. These are embellished
with lettering and designs printed in colors on slats and ends. Shippers have
individual brands, and most shippers use elaborate and beautifully colored litho-
graphic labels of these on the ends of the boxes. The orange wrappers have
also been changed from the coarse brown paper to fine silk tissue, upon which
richly colored designs or monograms are printed. Some of the most enterprising
shippers use two-color prints on their wrappers, and some who cater to the
best Eastern trade use beautifully laced and printed side curtains for the boxes.
Thus we have now going from all our packing houses uniform and attractive

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COL'XTV 149

packages. One shipper in Orange County even tags every orange of a certain
brand with a little green and gold tag, a specially prepared macliine being used
for the purpose. In some packing houses the equipment is very elaborate and
expensive, costing many thousands of dollars, and with a capacity of ten cars
per day.

The first orange trees put out in Orange County, as in Los Angeles and
Riverside counties, were seedlings, the present popular varieties being unknown
here. Much time was required for these to come into bearing, as the seedling
is slower in this regard than the budded varieties. However, the time came
when there were a few oranges ready for the market.

The modern packing houses with their splendid equipment were, of course,
unknown in that early day ; nevertheless the fruit was, after a fashion, packed
and shipped. It found a ready market and at such splendid prices that the
culture of the orange became an attractive and established industry in several
sections of the country.

Very naturally an occupation which is so attractive as citrus culture soon
interested many enterj^rising men. * Some realized that other varieties than the
seedling might prove more profitable. Immediately steps were taken to secure
varieties adapted to the climate. The result in a few years was the introduction
of a number of varieties which have proven productive and profitable and well
adapted to our soil and climate.

Among the standard varieties of oranges grown in this county, besides
the Washington Navel, are the IMediterranean Sweets, St. ]\Iichael, Malta and
Ruby Blood, Satsuma and the Valencia Lates. From 1886 to 1890 quite a run
was made by the ^Mediterranean Sweets and many thousand trees were put
out. It was thought that this variety would supply the late spring demand, after
the season of the \\^ashington Navel had passed. It has proven a tender orange
and not altogether -satisfactory. One reason for this variety not being in more
favor (though of late years it has very generally proven profitable"), was the
introduction of an orange that more completely filled the requirements of a late
orange. This is the ^'alencia Late, which in many respects, as it has been
developed here, is the best orange grown in the world. For more than twenty
years it has made the record for prices received for California oranges. It
has many excellent qualities which make it a most desirable and profitable
orange for grower, handler and consumer. It is the best keeper on or off the
tree, and therefore a splendid shipping orange for the autumn. It has been
the most popular orange with growers for many years, and especially in Orange
County, which seems to be able to produce this splendid variety more perfectly
than any other .section of the state.

The writer has been informed by A. D. Bishop, an old and honored orange
grower living near Orange, that the first orchard planted in that section, if not
in the county, was by Patterson Bowers. He put out about two acres in 1873
on the south side of what is now Walnut Avenue, a street running east from
the city of Orange and where the street descends into the bed of Santiago
Creek. In 1874 B. River planted five acres of seedling trees. These trees were
purchased from T. A. Garey, of Los Angeles, and hauled down in a wagon.
The following year the remainder of the ten-acre ranch was set out with trees
grown in the nurseries of D. C. Hayward and Joseph Beach at Orange. This
orchard was on land platted by Chapman and Glassed and known as the Rich-
land farm, and now a part of the city of Orange. This was soon followed by
an orchard planted by a Mr. Diminock and Joseph Fisher. This was located
northwest of Orange. In 1876 Dr. W. B. Wall put out an orchard at Tustin.
This was soon followed by orchards set out in that district by Samuel Preble.
Mr. Tustin, Mr. Wilcox, Mr. Snow and Mr. Adams, old-time residents.

In 1878 M. A. Peters and John Gregg planted orchards about one mile south
of Orange from trees grown by themselves budded from trees purchased from the
Garey Nursery in Los Angeles.

150 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

The Gregg place is the one now owned by A. D. Bishop. Trees in good
bearing condition are here which were budded in the nursery in 1876, now
forty-three years ago. Some of the trees planted by ]\Ir. Peters in 1878 are
producing fruit equal to if not identical with the \'alencias coming from
Florida at a later date.

The first orchard set out in the Placentia district was by R. H. Gilman. lie
put out forty acres in 1875 on what is still known as the Gilman ranch on
Placentia- Avenue, ^\'illiam M. McFadden, about 1880, put out twenty acres
further up the same avenue. The following year Dr. Tombs, whose property
lay between Gilman's and McFadden's, put out several acres. These men
planted seedlings and Australian Navels, as it was before the stock of the
Washington Navels was on the market.

Closely following the setting of the above orchards came Theodore Staley.
Peter Hansen and "Sir. McDowell into the neighborhood. These men set out
small orchards, the two former on Placentia Avenue and the latter the orchard
now owned by ^Ir. Klokke. For a few years thereafter there was considerable
activity in planting orchards in this district. -

Even before any of the above orchards were put out there were scattered
about in the yards of the residents of Anaheim a few orange trees. These v.-ere
seedlings, but they demonstrated that what is now the northern part of Orange
County was adapted to orange culture. Among the first, if not the very first, to
put out orchards of any considerable size about Anaheim was a Air. Knappe and
Henry Brimmerman.

It is thought that the black scale was brought in on trees from Los Angeles.
We are to suppose, therefore, that growers from the very beginning of the indus-
try were troubled with this pest.

The red scale, which has at times done great damage to orchards, did not
make its presence felt until 1884 and 1885. T. A. Garey, above mentioned, is
supposed to claim the honor for having introduced it into California. Some, how-
ever, say it was brought in by jMr. Hayward on Australian Navel stock which he
brought from Australia. The fact, however, that this scale appeared in the San
Gabriel orchards some time before it did at Orange would seem to disprove the
latter statement.

These scale pests soon became a real menace to the orange business and
very early efiforts for their destruction were made. About 1882, spraying with
caustic washes, using fish oil as a base for carrying the alkali was pretty generally
adopted. Little benefit, if any, was had from this spray, it not proving effective,
and often doing damage to the fruit and tree. In 1885 i\Ir. Bishop invented what
is known as the raisin wash. This was quite generally used until the invention of
fumigating in 1889.

Fumigating with gas made from cyanide of potassium antl sulphuric acid
has proven the most effective method of destroying scale pests yet discovered, and
is used in all orange sections infected with scale. A. D. Bishop must have the
credit for giving to the growers this splendid discovery. It has really been the
salvation of the orange industry in Southern California. The division of ento-
mology of the Department of Agriculture at ^^'ashington sent special agents here
from time to time to discover some method, if possible, to destroy the scale pests
which were becoming a serious menace. For several years experiments were
made chiefly with sprays. These have proven unsatisfactory, in fact, practically
worthless as an insecticide.

There was trouble at first in fumigating because of the gas burning the trees
and fruit. Then it was noticed that the injury was less on cloudy days ; so the
tents were painted black. In their experiments Drs. \\'. B. ^^'all and j\I. S. Jones
discovered that fumigating at night was even better than with painted tents, be-
cause of the lower temperature at night. They accordingly associated themselves
with A. D. Bishop and took out a patent on night fumigation, which soon was
dubbed the "twilight patent." This patent was oft'ered to the fruit growers of

HISTORY OF ORAXGP: COL'XTV 151

Soutliern California for $10,000; but they lacked one vote on the board of super-
visors of Orange County to consummate the sale to the counties. The courts
afterward annulled the patent on the ground that darkness, or the absence of
light, was not patentable.

The first cars of oranges were shipped in 1883 by M. A. Peters and A. D.
Bishop. These gentlemen sent two cars to Des Moines, Iowa. A few other cars
were sent out from the county that year. The shipment for 1910 was 840,960
boxes of oranges and 43,392 boxes of lemons: that for 1920 was estimated
2,000,000 boxes of oranges and about 300,000 boxes of iemons.

Many hundreds of acres only recently set out will soon be in bearing, so that
we may confidently expect to ship out of Orange County before many years from
five to six thousand cars of the finest citrus fruit grown in the world.

Crop estimators have used the returns of the Orange County Fruit Exchange
for 1919 as a basis for estimating the value of the county's citrus crop for that
year. This exchange, with headquarters at Orange, is the selling agent for eleven
citrus associations, all located southeast of the Santa Ana River, except the one,
at Garden Grove, and handles at least seventy per cent of the crop in that territory.
It is claimed that the territory northwest of the river produces fully as much fruit
as that southeast of the stream.

At the annual meeting of the exchange, February '), 1020, the following direc-
tors were elected for the ensuing vear: D. C. Drake, \\'illard Smith, R, W. Jones,
Wade Flippen, George B. Shattuck, Ed Utt, E. B. Collier, E. D. White, J. O.
Arkley, D. E. Huff, A. E. Bennett. The board organized with D. C. Drake as
president; Willard Smith, vice-president; L. D. Palmer, secretary, and A. E. Ben-
nett, exchange representative.

From the secretary's annual report it is learned that the exchange shipped
2,622 carloads of oranges, of 462 boxes to the car, and 584 carloads of lemons.
The shipments, divided according to varieties, were as follows: \'alencias,
1,152,145 boxes; lemons. 239,609 boxes; Navels. 42.073 boxes; sweets. 12.858
boxes ; miscellaneous. 3.022 boxes ; total. 1.450,707 boxes. The returns from these
shipments were $5,495,444,49, which is $1,261,525.42 more than for any previous
season.

The large acreage of orajiges set out during the last live years will soon
increase the orange crojj for the county to five and six million boxes annually.
In no other section in Southern California have so many orange trees been put
out in recent _\ears as in Orange Count}'.

CHAPTER XXVII
BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY

The following description of the beet sugar industr\- has been largely gleaned
from an article on that subject prepared by Truman G. Palmer, secretary of the
United States Beet Sugar Industry, in 1913, three years subsequent to the publi-
cation of the first volume of this history, and one }ear prior to the beginning of
the recent World \\ar.

The earliest atteniiit to ])roduce sugar from beets in the United States was
made in Philadelphia in 1830 by two Germans named \'aughan and Ronaldson,
but their efforts were unsuccessful. Eight years later David Lee Child erected a
small factory at Northampton, Mass., and succeeded in producing a small quantity
of sugar, for which he was awarded a silver medal which bore the following
inscription : "The ^lassachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Award to
David Lee Child, for the first beet sugar made in America, Exhibition of 1839."

Due to lack of technical knowledge in both field and factory, the Xortham]iton
plant operated but one season.

152 HISTORV OF ORANGE COUNTY

In 1852 Bishop Tyler, of the Mormon Church, purchased. in France the ma-
chinery for a factory, shipped it by water to Fort Leavenworth, Kans., and hauled
it by ox team from there to Salt Lake City. This effort was also a failure. Dur-
ing the next few years, attempts were made to produce beet sugar in the LTnited
.States as follows? Illinois, 1863-71; Wisconsin, 1868-71; New Jersey, 1870-76;
Maine, 1S76 ; but all these efforts ended in failure, which absorbed some $2,250,000,
and ruined most of the men who attempted to establish the industry in America.

The first American to wrest success from failure was E. H. Dyer, who erected
a small plant at Alvarado, Cal., in 1879. Although a failure for many years,
much of which time the plant was idle, it finally became a success. Several times
it has been rebuilt and re-equipped with machinery and while running today, it
never will pay interest on more than a fraction of the money invested in it.

In 1883 the Federal Treasury needed money and Congress had become en-
thusiastic about the possibility of producing our sugar supply at home, so our
national legislature enacted a tariff bill which carried a duty of three and one-
half cents a pound on refined sugar and two and one-half cents on raw. But no
one knew what soil or climate were required for producing high grade beets, nor
how to grow them, nor how to operate a factory, and the string of dismal failures
reaching from ocean to ocean made capitalists cautious. Even when our Federal
Treasury was overflowing in 1890 and sugar was placed on the free list, the bounty
of two cents per pound, which was placed on domestic production, failed to attract
capital, as did also the Wilson forty per cent ad valorem bill of 1894.

However, when the Dingley bill of 1897 was passed and William McKinley
made James Wilson secretary of agriculture, a new order of affairs was estab-
lished. Although the duty fixed on sugar imports was but fifty-two per cent of
what it had been under the bill of 1883 and but six factories were in existence,
the Department of Agriculture set to work to determine where favorable natural
conditions existed, to learn and to teach the farmers cultural methods and to ex-
ploit the industry generally. It was deemed wise that a great industry, destined
to supply a large portion of the $400,000,000 worth of sugar which we annually
consume, should be scattered as widely over the states as possible. To this end
• the Department issued a wall map, on which was traced the theoretical beet sugar
area of the United States. This map was changed from time to time to corre-
spond with increased knowledge of the adaptability-tDf the country to this industry.
The last statement of the Department concerning this subject shows that we have
in the L'nited States 274.000,000 acres, the soil and climate of which are adapted
to sugar beet culture. If but a fraction of one per cent of this area were planted
to sugar beets, it would furnish all the sugar we consume.

Doctor Wiley and the Bureau of Chemistry and Doctor Galloway and the
Bureau of Plant Industry were set to work ; a field agent was placed on the road
to investigate conditions throughout the country and experiments were conducted
in various states. As a result of the information and the inviting conditions set
forth in the numerous bulletins and reports of the Department, in fourteen years.
$84,000,000 has been coaxed into the industry, the number of factories has in-
creased from six in two states to seventy-six in sixteen states, and the annual
output has grown from 40,000 to 700,000 tons, or one-fifth of the total sugar con-
sumption of the United States, enough to supply all the people living west of the
Mississippi River. As a result of the Newlands bill, great areas of desert land
have been reclaimed where sugar beets can be raised more profitably than can any
other crop, and upon the expansion of this industry largely depends the success or
failure of the great irrigating works which the Federal Government has con-
structed at an expense of $80,000,000.

James \\'ilson knew that the long haul freight charges ate up the profits
of the far western farmers on low-priced cereal products when shipped to the East.
They cannot successfully compete in the East with the farmers of the great
Mississippi \'alley who have a much shorter haul to market. But with alfalfa
and beet pulp with which to fatten stock, they obtain two crops, sugar and live-

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 153

stock, on wliich the freight charges are small in proportion to the value of the
product. Sugar beets reach their greatest perfection when grown under irriga-
. tion and our farmers, especially in the irrigated West, have found the crop to be
one of the most profitable, if also the most difficult, which they can grow. Due
to rotating other crops with sugar beets one year in four, thousands of farms are
producing greater yields of such other crops than ever before.

This industry now distributes $63,000,000 annually to .American farmers, to
laborers in the sugar factories and to laborers in coal mines and other American
industries which furnish it with supplies, all of which money would be sent to
foreign countres in payment for imported sugar, but for the establishment of this
domestic industry.

Since the industry was established up to 1913, it has distributed $400,000,000
to American toilers, and when fully developed it will distribute $200,000,000
annually to American industry.

During the fourteen years in which the domestic beet sugar industry grew
from 40,000 to 700,000 tons, the average wholesale price of sugar declined from
$4.97 per 100 pounds to $4.12 per 100 in 1913, or seventeen per cent, despite the
fact that during the same period the price of practically all other food commodities
has increased from thirty-three and one-third to 100 per cent. When fully
developed, this industry will still further reduce not only the price of sugar, but of
all other food products through increasing the yield per acre.

The German increase in yield per acre of wheat, rye, barley and oats has been
eighty per cent during the past thirty years, as compared with an increase of but
six and six-tenths per cent in the United States. German economists are a unit
in attributing Germany's increase in yield to the introduction of sugar beet cul-
ture which taught their farmers to grow a root crop one year in four in rotation
with cereals, and thus out of $^^86,000,000 worth of these crops which Germany
annually produces. $438,000,000 worth is due to the introduction of sugar beet
culture. Even greater results than those obtained in Germany have been secured
wherever sugar beet culture has been introduced in this country, and should the
further expansion of the industry result in duplicating Germany's experience
throughout the I'uited States, our yield of these four crops, at present farm prices,
would be worth $2,000,000,000 instead of $1,124,000,000. as at present (19131.
In the language of Knauer. one of the foremost agriculturists of Germany: "It
is our firm belief that increased beet culture is the greatest blessing for every
land."

To secure a heav}- tonnage, fields to be planted to sugar lieets should be thor-
oughly fertilized. Barnyard manure is the best fertilizer, but in Europe it is sup-
plemented with large quantities of commercial fertilizers. The beets exhaust only
a portion of the fertilizer, leaving the balance, with a mass of fibrous roots, to
enrich the soil for the three succeeding crops which should be' grown before re-
planting the field to beets. To teach the farmers the art of rotation and how best
to grow beets and all other crops, each factory employs a scientific agriculturist
and a corps of assistants who spend their time with the surrounding farmers. Tn
1912 the actual cost to the factories for this educational work amounted to thirtv-
eight cents for each ton of beets sliced, or a total of nearly $2,000,000. So benefi-
cial have been the results of this work, that Secretary of Agriculture Wilson de-
clared that a beet sugar factory is as valuable to the farmers of a community as is
a government agricultural experiment station, which costs the public thousands of
dollars to maintain.

Sugar beets ret|uire deep plowing, ten to fourteen inches, or twice the usual
depth. When using- horses, farmers are inclined not to plow deeply enough to
secure maximum results, and some of the factories have put in power plows
which turn six furrows and harrow the land at the same time. They plow and
harrow the land for $2..=^0 per acre, which is about one-half of what it costs the
farmers to plow ec|ually deep with horses. The traction engines also are used for

134 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

hauling train wagon loads of beets to the factory. In some localities farmers are
banding together and purchasing engines for plowing and hauling beets.

Beets are drilled in rows, usually eighteen inches apart, eighteen to twenty-
five pounds of seed to each acre. Practically all the beet seed used in America is
grown in Eurojie, but it has been demonstrated that superior seed can be produced
in the United States. Sugar beet seed growing requires five years of the utmost
skill, care and patience, from the planting of the original seed to the maturing
of the commercial crop which is sold to the trade. The factories contract for
their seed for three to five years in advance, sell it to farmers at cost price and
deduct the amount from the payment for beets.

^^^^en the beets are up and show the third leaf they should be thinned. Unless
thinned at the proper time, the pulling up of the superfluous beetlets injures the
roots of the remaining ones. Scientific experiments in Germany, where all other
conditions were identical, showed that one acre, thinned at the proper time, yielded
fifteen tons ; the next acre, thinned a week later, yielded thirteen and one-half tons ;
the third acre, thinned still a week later, yielded ten and one-half tons; and the
fourth acre, thinned three weeks after the first, yielded seven and one-half tons.
The rows are blocked with the hoe, leaving a bunch of beets every eight inches.
These bunches are thinned by pulling up the superfluous beetlets, leaving one in
a place eight inches apart. The ideal factory beet weighs about two pounds and
a perfect stand of such beets, one every eight inches, in rows eighteen inches
apart, would yield forty-three and one-third tons per acre. The present average
yield in the United States is about ten tons per acre, while the hitherto "worn-out
soils" of Germany yield fourteen tons per acre, or forty per cent more than is
secured from our "virgin soils."

\Miile the beets are growing it is necessary to keep them free from weeds, so
that the\- will get the full benefit of the sun and the strength of the soil. Where
the cultivation is done with horse power instead of with the hoe, the rows are
generally placed farther apart. After the beets have reached their maturity, they
are plowed out and are then topped by hand, which consists in cutting ofif the top
and that portion of the beet that projected above the ground, which was found to
contain very little sugar. The tops are fed to stock, for which purpose they are
worth three dollars per acre.

In the United States, eight miles is the usual limit for hauling beets to the
factory b}- wagon, while the supply of beets may be drawn from an area with a
radius of fifty miles or more. To reduce the labor of unloading, the factories erect
receiving stations on the railroads in the beet growing area and pay the same
price for beets delivered at these stations as for those delivered at the factory.
Tim Carrol of Anaheim invented the method of dumping the beets from the
wagon into a chute that conveys them into the car ; a similar method is employed
for dumping the- beets from the cars into the bins at the factory. In 1912 the
freight on the railroads averaged forty-five cents per ton of beets, and the receiv-
ing stations with their dumping apparatus cost the factories about $2,000 each,
many of them having from $40,000 to $50,000 invested in such stations.

As the beets arrive at the factory, they are first weighed and then dumped
into bins for storage or floated directly to the beet washers. While being dumped,
a fair sample both of the beets and of the loose dirt which the car or wagon con-
tains is caught in a basket. These samples, properly tagged, are conveyed to the
beet laboratory where they are trimmed, if not properly topped, and the dift'er-
ence in the weight of the samples as received and their weight when trimmed and
wa.shed is called the "tare." Whatever percentage this amounts to, is applied to and
deducted from the wisight of the car or wagon load. A sample of these beets
then is tested by the polariscope for its sugar content and its purity ; farmers often
are paid a stipulated price per ton for beets of a given sugar content and twenty-
five to thirty-three and one-third cents per ton additional for each extra degree
of sugar which they contain. The tare rooms and the beet testing laboratories

LOS ALAMITOS SUGAR FACTORY

AN ORAKXE COUNTY CHICKEN RANCH

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 155

are open to any one, and in some localities the farmers' associations employ ex-
perts to tare and analyze each sample of beets.

The bins are X'-shaped, about three feet wide at the bottom, twenty to thirty
feet at the top and twenty to thirty feet high. As beets are needed, beginning at
one end of the bin, the loose three-foot planks at the bottom are removed one at
a time and, with hooks attached to long poles, the beets are rolled into the flume
or cement channel below, in which they are floated into the factory. This is not
only to save labor, but to loosen up the dirt which attaches to Jhe beets, thus
partially washing them. The water which is used in the flume is warm water
pumped to the upper end from the factory.

After being floated m from the bins or sheds, the beets are elevated from the
flume to a washer, where they are given an additional washing before being sliced.
From the washer they are elevated and dropped into an automatic scale of a capac-
ity of 700 to 1,500 pounds. From the scale they pass to the slicers, where, with
triangular knives, they are cut into long, slender slices which look something like
"shoestring" potatoes. These slices drop through an upright chute and are packed
tightly into cylindrical vessels holding from two to six tons each : the battery con-
sists of eight to twelve vessels arranged either in a straight line or in circular
form. Warm water is run into these slices, and coaxes out the sugar as it passes
from each vessel to the succeeding one. After passing through the entire series
of vessels, the water has become rich in sugar, of which it contains from twelve
to fifteen per cent, depending upon the richness of the beets. It then is drawn
off and is called diffusion juice or raw juice. This is carefully measured into
tanks and recorded. As this juice is drawn off, the vessel over which the water
started is emptied of the slices from the bottom, the leached slices containing
from one-quarter to one-third per cent of sugar. These slices are called pulp, and
by conveyors are carried out from the factory and deposited in bins, from which
they are fed to stock as wet pulp or are conveyed to dryers where the water is
evaporated and the dry pulp is sacked and shipped for stock feed.

\\^arm, raw juice is drawn into the carbonatation tanks and treated with
about ten per cent milk of lime — about like ordinary white-wash. This lime
throws out impurities, sterilizes the juice and removes coloring matter. Carbonic
acid gas from the lime kiln is forced through the lime juice in the tank, throwing
out the excess of lime, converting it into a carbonate of lime or chalk. Tests
are taken here by the station operator to show when the process is finished.

From tha carbonatation tanks the juice is pumped or forced through filter
presses consisting of iron frames so covered with cloth that the juice passes
through the cloth as a clear licjuid, leaving the lime, and impurities precipitated by
it, in the frame, in the form of a cake. This cake, after washing, is dropped from
the presses and conveyed out of the factory. It contains from one to two per
cent of its weight in sugar, which constitutes one of the large losses of the process.
It also contains organic matter, phosphate and potash, besides the carbonate of
lime, which makes it an excellent fertilizer, all of which is used in Europe on the
farm, but so far is little used in America. The juice passes through the Danek
filters by gravity after having been treated with carbonic acid gas a second time.

After a second, and sometimes a third, carbonatation and filtration, the juice
is carried to the evaporators, commonly called the "effects." usually four large
air-tight vessels furnished with heating tubes running from 2,000 to 7,000 square
feet in each vessel. A partial vacuum is maintained in these evaporators which
makes the juice boil out at a low temperature, thus preventing discoloration, and
to a large degree the destruction of sugar, which would be caused by high tem-
perature. There always is, however, some unavoidable loss of sugar in this
apparatus. The juice passes along copper pipes from the first vessel to the last,
becoming thicker as it does so. It comes into the first vessel at ten per cent to
twelve per cent sugar and is pumped out of the last one so thick that it contains
about fifty per cent of sugar.

156 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

After a careful filtration, the juice that comes from the evaporators and is
called thick juice, is pumped to large tanks high up in the building and from there
is drawn into vacuum pans: These are large cylindrical vessels from ten to
fifteen feet in diameter and from fifteen to twenty-five feet high with conical top
and bottom, built air-tight. Around the inner circumference they are furnished
with four to six-inch copper coils which have a heating surface of 800 to 2,000
square feet. Exhaust steam is used in the evaporators and live steam in the pans,
the juice in both being boiled in a vacuum to prevent discoloration and reduce
losses. As the syrup continues to thicken by this evaporation, minute crystals
begin to form, \\hen sufficient of these have formed, fresh juice is drawn in
and the crystals grow, the operator governing the size o'f the crystals to suit the
trade. If small crystals be desired, a large quantity of juice is admitted at the
outset, while if large crystals are desired, a small quantity of juice first is admitted,
and, as it boils to crystals, fresh juice gradually is added to the pan and the
crystals are built up to the desired size. The operator of this pan, known as the
"sugar boiler" is one of the most important men in the factory. The water fur-
nished the condensers of these vacuum pans and the evaporator goes to the beet
sheds and is used for floating in the beets. It amounts to from 3,000,000 to
8,000,000 gallons ever\' twenty-four hours, according to the size of the factory.
and must be very pure.

The mass of crystals with syrup around them and containing about eight per
cent to ten per cent of water is let out of the vacuum pan into a large open vessel
called a mixer, beneath which are the centrifugal machines. These are vertically
suspended brass drums perforated with holes and lined with a fine screen. They
are made to revolve about 1,000 times a minute, and the crystal mass of sugar
rises up the side like water in a whirling bucket. The centrifugals force the syrun
out through the screen holes leaving the white crystals of sugar in a thick layer
on the inner surface. These are washed with a spray of pure warm water and
then are ready for the dryer.

The damp white crystals from the centrifugal machine are conveyed to hori-
zontal revolving drums about twenty-five feet long by five to six feet in diameter.
These drums are furnished with paddles on the inside circumference, the paddles
picking the sugar up and dropping it in showers as the drum revolves, \^'arm dry
air is drawn through and takes the moisture out of the svigar, which now is
ready to be put in bags or barrels for the market.

After the moisture has been thoroughly removed in the granulators or dryers,
the sugar drops directly to the sacking room through a chute, at the lower end of
which the top of the double bag is attached. The sugar flows directly into the
sack, the flow being cut oiT automatically with each 100 pounds, when an endless
belt conveyor passes the upright sack past the sewing machine at the proper speed
and the product is sealed ready for storage or shipment.

Five of the seventy-six beet sugar factories, reported by Truman G. Palmer
as being in existence in the United States in 1913, are located in Orange County,
Cal. and are described by him as follows:

Los Alamitos Sugar Company

Los Alamitos, Cal.
Erected 1897 Daily Capacity, 800 Tons of Beets

EOUIPFED WITH AMERICAN MACHIXERY

Size of main building, 93 feet 9 inches by 261 feet: length of all buildings.
2,144 feet: area of beets grown by independent farmers in 1912, 10,432 acres;
grown by the factory, 401 acres.

ArPROXIMATE DISBURSEMENT SINCE ERECTION OF FACTORY

Beets $4,321,443.87

U'ages and all overhead expense 1,208,100.99

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 157

Fuel and all other supplies 1,314,930.61

Experiments, insurance and other items 290,613.48

$7,235,088.95
Santa Ana Co-operative Sugar Company
Dyer, Cal.
Erected 1912 Daily Capacity, 1,200 Tons of Beets

EQUIPPED WITH AMERICAN MACHINERY

Size of main building. 66 feet by 266 feet; length of all buildings, 971 feet;
area of beets grown by 226 independent farmers in 1912, 9,061 acres; grown by
the factory, none.

No disbursements up to time of this report.

Southern California Sugar Company

Santa Ana, Cal.

Erected 1909 Daily Capacity, 600 Tons of Beets

EQUIPPED WITH AMERICAN MACHINERY

Size of main building. 67 feet by 265 feet: length of all buildings, 1,184 feet;
•area of beets grown by independent farmers in 1912, 10,000 acres: grown by the
factory, none.

PARTIAL niSnURSEMENT SINCE ERECTION OF FACTORY

Beets $1,224,996.35

Wages and all overhead expense 307,000.00

Freight on beets, sugar and supplies 309,900.00

Fuel and all other supplies 337,369.51

$2,179,265.86
Holly Sugar Company

Huntington Beach, Cal.
Erected 1911 Daily Capacity, 1.000 Tons of Beets

EQUIPPED WITH AMERIC.\N MACHINERY

Size of main building, 65 feet by 260 feet : length of all buildings, 1,100 feet :
area of beets grown by 300 independent farmers in 1912, 11,000 acres; growil bv
the factory, none.

PARTIAL DISBURSEMENT SINCE ERECTION OF F-\CTORY

Beets $1,100,000.00

Wages and all overhead e.xpense 225,000.00

Freight on beets, sugar and supplies 300,000.00

Fuel and all other supplies 230,000:00

$1,855,000.00
Anaheim Sugar Company
Anahqim, Cal.
Erected 1910-11 Daily Capacity, 500 Tons of Beets

EQUIPPED WITH AMERICAN MACHINERY

Size of main building, 58 feet by 275 feet; length of all buildings, 1,155 feet;
area of beets grown by independent farmers in 1912, 10,069 acres; grown by the
factory, none.

158 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

APPROXIMATE DISBURSEMENT SINCE ERECTION OF FACTORY

Beets .■ $ 653,575.09

Wages and all overhead expense 201,579.70

Freight on beets, sugar and supplies 173,600.00

Fuel and all other supplies 194,200.00

Experiments, insurance and other items 86,130.00

$1,309,084.79

Only two of the five sugar factories in the county answered any of the ques-
tions addressed to them by mail ; and even they neglected to mention the amount
and value of their annual production of sugar. Following is a summary of the
information received.

The Los Alamitos Sugar Company was organized in 1896. It is a corporation
of which the following persons are the officers : \V. A. Clark, president ; J. Ross
Clark, vice-president ; Henry C. Lee, second vice-president ; E. C. Hamilton, man-
ager. Number of employees during sugar campaign 300; daily capacity of factor}-.
800 tons of beets : land produces ten tons of beets per acre ; water is supplied by
artesian wells and pumping plants ; percentage of sugar in beets is high compared
with that in other sections.

The Santa Ana Cooperative Sugar Company was organized in 1911 and began
active operations in 1912. The officers are James Irvine of San Francisco, presi-
dent : C. A. Johnson of Huntington Beach, vice-president ; Remsen McGinnis of
Denver, secretary; S. \\'. Sinsheimer of Denver, general manager; E. AI. Smiley
of Santa Ana, manager. The daily capacity of the factory is 1.200 tons, of beets.
The average quantity of beets worked up annually is 100.000 tons. The sugar
content in the beets is nineteen per cent. Water is supplied by artesian wells
located on the company's own ground at the plant.

Having thus failed to get the actual amount and value of die sugar produced
in the county from the factories, the transportation companies, or any other local
source, the writer applied to E. E. Kaufman, field agent of State Commission of
Horticulture, and received a bulletin containing statistics on "California Crop Dis-
tribution and Estimates for 1918." This bulletin shows that Orange County excels
all other counties in the state in the production of sugar beets. It is credited with
216,000 tons and ^tlonterey County, its nearest competitor, with only 156.800
tons. The bulletin gives no values — only quantities ; but. by using the foregoing
data and assuming that the factories received as much as the sugar equalization
board recently fixed as the maximum price, we can approximate pretty closely
the. value of the sugar produced in Orange County in 1918. If the beets in this
county average nineteen per cent sugar, as the Santa Ana Cooperative Sugar (Com-
pany alleges they do, then the 216,000 tons of beets, grown in the county, would
produce 41,040 tons, or 82,080,000 pounds of sugar; and if the factories received
"ten cents cash, less two per cent aboard basis," as the sugar equalization board
recently fixed the maximum price, or iiine and eight-tenths cents per pound, then
they received $8,043,840 for Orange Countv's sugar crop in 1918. The estimated
value of the 1919 crop was $10,500,000.

Late in June it was announced that the sugar company contracts for the season
of 1920, would start with twelve dollars per ton as the basic price for beets
testing fifteen per cent sugar with the price of sugar at nine dollars per hundred
pounds, and for each additional per cent of sugar in the beets, fifteen per cent of
the price of sugar would be added to the basic price for beets. To illustrate by
a suppositional example, let us use the sugar content of the beets, given by the
Santa Ana Sugar Company, of nineteen per cent, or four more than the basic per
cent, and the price of sugar, as fixed by the sugar equalization board of $9.80
per hundred pounds, the equation would be $12.00 -f 4 (.15 X $9.80) =$17.88.
the price per ton of beets to the growers under such conditions. \^'ith sixteen
inches of rainfall, in gentle showers that all went into the ground, to supply
moisture where not provided by irrigation, and with good prospects for high

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 159

prices for sugar, the outlook for a bumper crop of beets and a prosperous sugar
campaign could hardly be brighter than on July 1, 1920.

The sugar beet is said to be the most scientifically bred plant in the world.
Beginning with a small, tough, woody root, found near the salt water in Southern
Europe, which contained little more than a trace of sugar, it has been bred by a
century's most scientific and painstaking investigation to yield a heavy tonnage of
pure sugar equal to one-sixth of its weight in Germany and one-seventh in the
United States. Notwithstanding this intensive cultivation and high development,
the sugar beet still retains its partiality for soils located near salt water, which
doubtless accounts for the domesticated plants yielding good returns on the alkali
soils near the sea coast in Southern California. There is also an indirect benefit
from planting such lands to beets, in fertilizing, aerating and enriching the soil for
other crops, that is said to be even more valuable than the direct benefit. But. to
gain these advantages and produce our own sugar instead of buying it abroad, large
investments of capital are necessary, some of which have been made, and must
be maintained perpetually. Therefore, in justice to such investments and for the
good of Orange County and the country generally, it becomes the patriotic duty
of every loyal citizen to protect the beet sugar industry from hostile legislation,
and to encourage its legitimate development, to the full extent of his ability.

CHAPTER XXVIII

ORANGE COUNTY'S FRUITS, GRAINS AND VEGETABLES
Fruits

Orange County has such an infinite variety and wealth of pi'oducts that it
would be impossible to give a detailed account of each within the limits of this
work. Fairly complete descriptions of the orange, walnut and celery industries
have been presented ; but only a brief reference can be made to some of the other
more lucrative productions without undertaking to give an exhaustive list.

Nearly every kind of fruit known to the temperate zones and many kinds
from the torrid zone have been tried here with more or less success. Some seem
to be well suited to the soil and climate ; but they are seriously handicapped with
insect pests, which experts are learning how to eradicate. Some do better on one
kind of soil than on another ; some prefer higher elevations than others ; and some
thrive best inland and others near the coast. Practically all kinds of conditions can
be found within the confines of Orange County ; and enterprising growers are
constantly experimenting to find out just what conditions and localities are best
suited to each kind of fruit.

Although Orange County is not rated as an apple-growing section, yet con-
siderable of this fruit is grown in some parts of the county. Apples do very well
on the damp lands near the coast, provided the roots do not reach standing water.
They also thrive as well in certain choice localities in the mountains, as they do in
the famous apple regions farther up the coast. The statistician's report for 1910
gives 12,795 bearing and 1,540 non-bearing trees, producing 511,800 pounds of
fruit, worth $5,118. The Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce's estimate for 1919
was $50,000.

The apricot seems to be well adapted to the conditions that prevail in this
county, with one exception. Occasionally the spring rains injure the blossoms and
cause a light crop. Possibly this defect in the conditions may be overcome, or at
least minimized, by continually selecting the most hardy and latest blooming trees
for planting ; but, even as it is, the apricot is one of the moderately profitable fruits
of the county. A good crop of apricots, at the prices which have prevailed for
several years ])ast, will net the grower about $250 per acre. The number of trees
credited to Orange County is 167,240 bearing and 23,370 non-bearing. The
statistician for 1910 gave the dried apricots from that j^ear's crop as 1,700,000

160 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

pounds, worth $170,000; but he took no account of the fresh apricots that were
marketed and consumed before the drying commenced. The pits amounted to
105 tons, worth $12,600. The estimate for 1919 was $200,000.

The avocado was discussed in the April, 1919, Bulletin of the State Com-
mission of Horticulture in part as follows:

"In Volume VI, No. 1 of the Monthly Bulletin, Mr. I. J. Condit of the Uni-
versity of California, listed fifty-four varieties of the avocado that originated in
California, and eighty-six of foreign origin, or a total of 140 named varieties.
With this large number to select from, a real problem exists to determine the
varieties that are best for California conditions. Already considerable experi-
mental work has been done, and it is now known that there are places that are
not subject to frost where certain varieties of avocado will do well. Commercially
the industry is of little importance at present. Fruit sells in the larger cities of
the state for exorbitant prices and seventy-five cents for a single fruit is a price
that is frequently paid by the consumer. Prices have been so high that the fruit
has not yet become generally known in this country, and there is no way of judging
of its popularity, although most people who have tried it sound its praises."

In the chapter on "Semi-Tropic Fruits in Orange County," C. P. Taft gives
a complete account of experiments with the avocado and results obtained. He
mentions one variety whose fruits weigh from two to four pounds or more each,
which would be considerable fruit even though the price is high. As to produc-
tiveness he cites one tree, the "Taft," which produced over $500 worth of fruits
in 1917 and over $600 worth in 1919. He says the "Sharpless" tree, owned by
B. H. Sharpless of Tustin, has done equally well. Both are among the oldest
trees in the county.

In answer to an inquiry about the correctness of the report that his tree had
produced $5,0(t0 worth of fruits and buds, Mr. Sharpless supplied the following
information : The Sharpless avocado was planted in 1901 and bore its first fruits
in 1912, when it bore 2 fruits; in 1913, 20 fruits; in 1914, 75 fruits; in 1915, 250
fruits; in 1916, 700 fruits. He says, "Now you will notice the crop has not been
so heavy since 1916; but when I tell you that there have been 10,000 buds a year
cut from the tree — and buds cut this year take ofl: next year's fruit wood — it is a
wonder there is any fruit at all. And $5,000 is the value of fruit and buds up
to this year. It looks as though there were 800 fruits on the tree for next year,
as the tree has the habit of the Valencia orange, which blossoms in April and
May and the fruit does not mature until the following year." One dollar apiece
or ten dollars a dozen is the price for the Sharpless avocado fruit.

Bearing fig trees to the number of 2,500 were reported in 1910; but nothing
was said about the quantity and value of the fruit produced.

In the early '80s, the grape was one of the leading fruits in the territory now
included in Orange County — especially in the northern part. The first vineyards
were of the Mission variety, either planted by the padres or with cuttings from
vineyards of their planting. These grapes were used principally for making wine.
Later, Malaga, Aluscatel and other varieties were introduced, some of which were
used almost exclusively for making raisins. This locality acquired quite a reputa-
tion abroad both for its wines and its raisins ; besides, a great many carloads of
table grapes were shipped every season to the middle western states. In the latter
part of the '80s some kind of a disease appeared in the vineyard at Anaheim and
gradually spread over the vineyards of Southern California. It was most de-
structive of the finer varieties, and completely wiped out the raisin industry of this
section. The tonnages of grapes for 1910 was 490, worth $3,600.

Grape fruit is highly prized by many people as an appetizer at breakfast and
is therefore grown to a limited extent. The crop for 1910 was valued at $3,840.

The lemon industry has not proved so attractive to growers as the orange
industry, partly on account of the necessity for curing the fruit before marketing
and partly on account of the sharper competition of the foreign article in the

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 161

Eastern market. Relief was afforded on the latter point by Congress raising the
tariff' on lemons from one to one and a half cents a pound; now more lemons are
being planted than heretofore. The crop of 1910 amounted ta 43,392 boxes,
valued at $151,872. The value of the icn9 crop was $3,500,000.

In comparison with the lemon crop, the size and value of the orange crop for
1910 may be given here, although that industry is described elsewhere, as follows:
oranges, 840,960 boxes, valued at $1,261,440. That of 1919 was valued at
$12,000,000.

Very few people in the county have paid any attention to the growing of
olives; nevertheless there were 520 tons raised in 1910, worth $26,000. The 1919
crop value, including olive oil, was $125,000.

Peaches seem to require about the same conditions that apples and pears do
and therefore thrive best in the same localities. The peach crop for 1910 was
reported to be 575,250 pounds, valued at $5,752 ; the pear crop was 108,500 pounds,
valued at $1,085.

There are 1,270 bearing plum trees in the county, producing 38,100 pounds of
fruit in 1910, valued at $762. The county is also credited with 17,320 bearing
prune trees.

A few scattered growers raised 8,000 crates of raspberries, in 1910, worth
$8,000 ; there was also grown 19,000 crates of strawberries, worth $20,900. Berries
of all kinds were estimated in 1919 at $125,000.

Grains

Grouping alfalfa under this head, because it is a forage plant and no sub-
division has been made for grasses, we will take up that product first. Alfalfa,
is the main reliance of the farmers for green feed ; and it will grow anywhere in
the county that other vegetation will grow. It is a deep-rooted, perennial plant
and will not thrive with standing water near the surface ; on the other hand it
will not continue to grow vigorously on the mesa without frequent irrigations in
the summer season. It cannot be pastured a great deal, because the tramping
injures the crown of the plant ; but irrigate it once a month during the summer
.season and eight or nine crops of hay can be cut from it each year. Many of the
fruit-growers have small patches of alfalfa near their barns; but the large-sized
fields can only be found in the dairy, or general farming section. The acreage and
vield for 1910 were reported as follows : alfalfa, 4,000 acres, 20,000 tons, value
$200,000.

Barley is grown both for the grain and the hay. In the former case it is
allowed to thoroughly ripen and is then headed, threshed and sacked ready for
the market. In the latter case it is cut while the grain is in the dough and the
leaves are still green, and is then raked and cocked. As there is no fear of rain
in the summer season, the farmer takes his own time for baling or stacking the
hay, as the unthreshed straw and grain together are called. More often the hay
is baled out of the cock ; but even when stacked it is generally baled later. The
statistician gives the following figures on the acreage and yield of the barlev har-
vested for grain in the county in 1910: barlev, 34,120 acres, 27,296 tons value
$545,920. For 1918, 660,000 bushels or 15,840 tons.

A third of a century or more ago there was considerable corn raised in the
cultivated portions of the present territory of Orange County. They used to tell
fabulous stories about the immense yields in the Gospel Swamp region southwest
of Santa Ana. In fact, good crops of corn could be grown almost anywhere in
the county, if irrigated on the upland, and can yet. In the article on livestock it
is stated that the number of hogs had decreased in the county because the land
could be used more profitably for other purposes than in raising feed for hogs.
Well, here is corn, one of the best of hog feeds, that is not raised very extensively
in a county which is adapted to its growth because the land can be used more profit-
ably for other products. The .statistician's figures for the 1910 crop are: corn,
2,690 acres, 1,345 tons, value $-10,350. For 1018, 36,000 Inishels or 1,033.2 tons.

162 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Oats are preferred by some people for horse feed; but they are not so exten-
sively grown as barley, because they are more liable to rust. However, the statis-
tical report fo[ 1910 gives the following figures: oats, 4,375 acres, 1,750 tons,
value $52,500.

Wheat is also one of the light crops of Orange County for the same reasons
that corn and oats are light crops : nevertheless there is quite a little of the hill
land devoted to wheat as shown by the figures on the 1910 crop, as follows:
wheat, 5,000 acres, 2,500 tons, value $87,500. For 1918. 5,600 bushels or 168 tons.

Grain hay is given in the report without indicating the kind — barley, oats or
wheat — or how much of each kind is included. These three grains must, there-
fore, be credited collectivelv in 1910 with the following additional yield : grain hay,
25,350 acres, 16,742 tons, value $200,904. The 1919 crop value was $1,000,000.

Vegetables

This _subdivision includes a great variety of products, some of which are
grown for the wholesale market and others for the retail trade. The Chinese and
Japanese gardeners and vegetable peddlers may be grouped in the latter class.
It is doubtful whether the statistician got much of the data on the products
peddled out by the growers, or even on that retailed through the local grocery
stores. However, the same criticism may be applied to the other subdivisions,
though to a less extent ; the report of products consumed at home or sold or
bartered to neighbors must necessarily be incomplete.

The county is credited in the statistical report with producing 38,000 pounds
•of asparagus in 1910, worth $1,900.

The bean industry is becoming one of the important industries of this county.
As an introduction to the subject, a paragraph is quoted from an exhaustive
article by George \\'. Ogden, as follows :

"The lima beans of commerce do not grow to maturity back east. Those
you buy dry in the stores at all seasons are ripe beans and not green beans dried.
They grow in only two places on the globe. Southern California and the island of
JMadagascar. The lima beans of commerce do not grow on poles, but tun along
the ground like sweet potato vines. Five counties in Southern California supply
the United States and Canada with lima beans. England uses the Madagscar
crop, so there is no competition anywhere for the growers of California. The
California lima bean crop of 1910 amounted to 1,175,000 bags, a bag averaging a
little over 80 pounds, and the gross returns to the growers was $5,000,000. Santa
Barbara. A'entura. Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego are the five lima bean
producing counties of California, and within their confines is embraced all the
land in the entire United States upon which this peculiar plant will bring its fruit
to maturity."

Thus is Orange County found to be in very select and exclusive company in
this industry. The real beginning of the lima bean growing on a large scale dates
back to 1886, when James Irvine, owner of the San Joaquin rancho, planted 120
acres as an experiment. Although the industry was successful from the start, the
farmers were slow in following Mr. Irvine's advice and example. In 1909 he
had 17,000 acres of his ranch in beans, which is said to be the largest bean field
in the world belonging to a single individual. Besides the San Joaquin ranch, the
mesa about Huntington Beach and Smeltzer and the La Habra valley produce
large quantities of beans. There were 28,000 acres planted to beans in the county
in 1910 producing 210,000 sacks, worth $672,000. The bean straw makes very
good feed, of which there was 550 tons, valued at $2,200. The lima bean crop in
1918 amounted to 473,000 bushels or 354,750 sacks ; all kinds, 696,000 bushels or
522,000 sacks. The value of the 1919 bean crop (ninetv per cent limas) was
$3,000,000.

Large fields of cabbage are grown in the winter season about Anaheim, Ful-
lerton and other parts of the county: and the product is shipped East when the

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 163

markets of that section are bare of fresh vegetables. The 1^10 crop is reported
at 5,900,000 pounds, worth $54,100. In 1918, 300 cars, worth $120,000.

The celery industry, which is more particularly described elsewhere, yielded
in 1910 1,212 cars, worth $27^,720. In 1919 the crop value was $100,000.'

The cauliflower crop amounted to 11,970 crates in 1910, valued at $5,985.

Melons of every kind are grown in the county, of large size and fine flavor,
and in sufficient quantities to supply the local demand.

Peanuts do well in this county and are grown to a considerable extent between
the tree rows of young orchards ; but, on account of the Japanese competition, they
are not so profitable as some other kinds of crops. The crop of 1910 amounted
to 60,000 pounds, worth $2,400.

Peas are among the winter vegetables that are grown on the mesa near the
foothills, where there is comparatively little frost. The quantity and value of the
1910 crop were reported to be 160,000 pounds, worth $4,000.

The most of the chili peppers are grown about Anaheim, which has acquired
quite a reputation with this product. They are grown in rows like potatoes, requir-
ing frequent irrigation, and are artificially cured in dry houses. The crop of 1910
was reported as follows: chile peppers, green, 40 tons, worth $8,000; chili peppers,
dry, 100 tons, worth $20,000. The Federal Bureau of Crop Estimates says that
practically all of the chili peppers grown in the state are grown in Orange County.
The estimate for 1919 is $1,125,000. First prize for chili peppers at the recent
Riverside County Fair was won by John B. Joplin of the San Joaquin Ranch. He
won second prize for chili peppers at the Huntington Beach Fair.

The soil and climate of Orange County are well adapted to the growing of
potatoes — Irish potatoes, as they are called to distinguisli them from sweet pota-
toes. The potatoes grown in this county, particularly on the upland, are of me-
dium size, with a smooth, clean surface, and cook evenly throughout, producing
a mealy pulp not unlike crumbly cake or well-cooked rice. Two crops are raised
each year, one from the early spring planting and the other from the late summer
or early fall planting. The yield reported for 1910 was 250.000 sacks, worth
$250,000 : the 1919 crop had a" value of $750,000.

Credit is claimed on behalf of the late Thomas Nicholson of El Modena for
introducing the sweet potato into the state. He shipped more or less of his
product to San Francisco and from there the seed potatoes were conveyed to other
parts of the state. He secured a silver medal for his product at the Columbian
Exposition in Chicago. The crop for 1910 is given at 30.000 sacks for the county,
worth $37,500. That for 1919 is valued at $200,000. "The sweet potato now
ranks second in value among all the vegetables of the United States, having in-
creased in this respect more than eighty per cent in the last ten years. The crop
of 1917 was worth $90,000,000 and the crop of 1918 is estimated to be worth
almost $117,000,000. In a recent conference at Birmingham, Ala., representatives
of the U. S. De])artment of Agriculture and horticulturists and pathologists from
the Southern States discussed every phase of planting, cultivating, storing and
marketing the sweet potato. The time when it was allowed to decay in primitive
dirt beds in the open fields has long since passed." — The Youth's Companion.

Pumpkins make valuable food for stock — especially milk cows — and are
grown everywhere the farmers wish. The average size is about that of a half
bu.shel measure : but some of them grow so large that it takes two men to load
one of them into a wagon. Photographs of fields literally covered with them and
labeled "Some Pumpkins" may be seen in almost any collection of picture cards
in this part of the state. The pumpkins are generally Sold by the wagon load
for a lump sum to those who keep a family cow or two, but haven't sufficient land
upon which to raise their own stock feed. They are not shipped any distance;
hence there is no record of the quantity grown in the county.

Thousands of acres of land in the western and southwestern part of Orange
County are well adapted to the growing of sugar beets. Besides suitable land
the industry needs capital to provide factories to work up the product of such

164 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

land. The first factory was established about 1896 at Los Alamitos b}' Senator
W. A. Clark of Montana. As soon as the factory was provided the beets were
grown and they proved to be the equal of any grown elsewhere. It was also dis-
covered that one factory was entirely inadequate to work up all the beets that
could be furnished. Another factory was therefore built south of Santa Ana about
1908; and during the next three years three more sprang into being, one near
Anaheim, another near Huntington Beach, and still another near Tustin. With
the five factories in operation in 1918, they worked up 216.000 tons of beets
grown in Orange County and a considerable tonnage grown in Los Angeles County.
Orange Countv is credited in some of the published statistics with producing
$10,500,000 worth of sugar in 1919, but probably $8,000,000 is nearer the mark.

When once started, tomatoes will propagate themselves like weeds in this
county ; but, like other plants, the better the selection and care the better the
product. So far as natural conditions are concerned, there is practically no limit
to the quantity that might be produced ; the limit is in the profitable disposal of
the product after it is grown. The crop of 1910 was reported as follows : fresh
tomatoes, 2,568,000 pounds, worth $25,680; canned tomatoes. 20.000 cases, worth
$30,000. The crop of 1919, including tomato seed, is valued at $350,000.

The production of tomato seed for the marts of the world is being carried
on successfully by the Haven Seed Company, now located south of Santa Ana.
This company was established in 1875 at Bloomingdale. Mich., by the late E. M.
Haven. The seeds of this company soon attained a world-wide reputation for
purity and reliability which they still maintain to this day. A good name is a
valuable asset in any business, so the company grew and prospered in its first
location for many years'; but, notwithstanding its euphemistic title of Blooming-
dale, the place was badly handicapped for growing plants by its rigorous winter
climate.

Accordingly the Haven family moved to California in 1904. and made their
first planting in 1910 near Tustin. Different tracts were leased year after year,
tut always of increased acreage, until finally a tract containing 100 acres was pur-
chased on Edinger Street, just outside Santa Ana"s southern boundary, and a
half mile west of Main Street. On this tract, shortly after its purchase, an
office building and a warehouse were erected and the headquarters of the company
were established there. In 1918 a fine, large, three-story warehouse was built
of hollow tile, strengthened with reinforced concrete pillars. This building will
give ample room for cleaning, sacking and storing the seed ready for shipping,
and will have a fairly even temperature throughout on account of its hollow tile
construction. The building is equipped with modern machinery driven by elec-
tricity.

Three years ago, that is in 1917, the elder Haven died and left the business
to his sons whom he had trained until they knew every detail of the work. The
company was reorganized with A. B. Haven, the elder son, as president and gen-
eral manager, and L. S. Haven, the younger son, as secretary. The company was
capitalized at $100,000.

In 1918 the company produced 75,000 pounds of tomato seed and about
15.000 pounds of pepper, melon and miscellaneous varieties of seed. More than
$50,000 was paid out in wages. In 1919 the company is harvesting 400 acres
of tomato seed and 200 acres of lima beans, egg-plant, peppers, cucumbers, etc.
It expects to harvest about 100.000 pounds of tomato seed and other kinds in
proportion from the above acreage. That is. it expects to harvest 12.000 tons
of tomatoes from which it will extract approximately 100.000 pounds of seed,
or eight pounds of seed from each ton of tomatoes.

As the price of everything has advanced within the last three or four years
and still is unsettled, it is difficult to give what might be regarded as a fair average
of the annual productions of the company. However, the round figures on sales
for 1918 were approximately $200,000 for all kinds of seeds produced by the com-
pany, and it would be reasonable to expect as much from the 1919 harvest, which

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 165

is not yet completed at the date of this writing, or even more from the increased
acreage, noted above.

As a further indication of the advantageous conditions of Orange County
and the superior merits of its productions, the fact may be cited that this county, in
competition with the whole world at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904, received
twelve gold medals and four silver medals as testimonials of the superiority of its
products exhibited there. Orange County took second prize of $250 for fine
display of products at Riverside in October, 1919. The judges credited San Ber-
nardino County with 92.8 points and Orange County with 90.8 points. Concerning
the exhibit of this county, the Riverside Enterprise says : "The Orange County
display is in a class by itself, both as to the products shown and the manner of
their showing. It is a finished picture in a superb and worthy frame, a magnificent
study in still life almost over-elaborated but saved from that criticism by an auster-
ity of arrangement that suggests sureness of touch and certainty of selection. It
suggests the studio rather than the farmstead, the salon rather than the show
tent; but this is said in no spirit of detraction. When such a display, so arranged,
can be brought to the Southern California fair from the neighboring county, there
is no longer any argument to be made against the claim that this is a sectional
rather than a county fair. The artist who arranged the exhibit, for he has shown
himself an artist — is D. W. AIcDannald. The setting of the display is sumptuous
— redwood, heavy browm burlap, deep green velour hangings, Ijrass fixtures and
jardinieres holding ferns and admirable lighting effects. For the display itself,
it contains picked specimens of the fruits, grains and vegetables, as well as the
mineral products for which Orange County is famous. There are also novelties
like the Feijoa, a new fruit from Uruguay and the Chinese varnish nuts from
which the so-called tong oil is extracted."

Now, as promised at the beginning of this chapter, the foregoing is by no
means an exhaustive list of the fruits, grains and vegetables grown in Orange
County; for instance, there are onion fields near Anaheim, whose rows stretch
away in the distance almost as far as the eye can distinguish the plants from other
vegetation, and there are many other products worthy of mention. Then, too,
many plants, that in the East are grown in small beds in the garden or in the hot
house, are here grown in large fields and in the open air. Enough, however, has
been mentioned to substantiate the claim that Orange County can produce nearly
everything grown in the temperate zones and many things indigenous to the torrid
zone, and that, too, in almost limitless quantities.

CHAPTER XXIX

HISTORY OF THE CELERY INDUSTRY
By George W. Moore

Less than fifty years ago, the now famous peat lands of the Westminster and
P.olsa country, known as cienegas, w^ere regarded as worthless. These cienegas
were tracts of swampy lands containing usually ponds of water in the middle,
skirted around with a rank growth of willows, tules and nettles. During the rainy
season the entire area of the cienega was overflowed. In the fall and winter
these marshy lands were the resorts of millions of wild geese: they were also the
haunts of wild ducks and other water fowl, and were the favorite hunting grounds
of sportsmen of tliat day. The early settlers counted the cienegas as so much
waste land, or rather as worse than waste, for the drier portions of these swamps
were the lurking places of wild cats, coyotes, coons and other prowlers, which
preyed upon the settlers' pigs and poultry.

Early in the history of the county the supervisors were petitioned to construct
a ditch in this territory under the "Drainage Act of 1881," which authorized the
cost and care of such ditch to be apportioned to the adjacent land according to the

166 - HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

benefits derived therefrom. This work was undertaken in 1890 and was contested
before the board of supervisors and in the courts for about three years by those
for and against the improvement. Finally the Bolsa ditch was completed; and
that, with other drainage systems since established, has turned thousands of acres
of comparatively worthless land into some of the most productive soil in the county
and opened the way for the establishment of the celery industry in Orange County.
This industry has become famous throughout the world and, according to a local
writer, raised the value of the land from $15 to $300 per acre: but without drain-
age no celery could be grown on these lands and they would still be comparatively
worthless.

The following sketch of the origin and growth of the celery industry of
Orange County is compiled from the Santa Ana Blade's Celery edition of February
7. 1901 : "The first experiment in celery culture on the peat lands was made in
1891, on a tract of land south of Westminster, known locally as the Snow and
Adams place, on which several thousand dollars was expended, but without satis-
factory results. E. A. Curtis, D. E. Smeltzer and others were the prime movers in
making the experiment, the outcome of which was such a flat failure that all but
Mr. Curtis gave up the idea. Mr. Curtis' pet scheme came to fruition sooner than
was anticipated, for about this time he entered the employ of the Earl Fruit Com-
pany, and with the consent of the firm resolved again to give celery culture a trial.

"The proposition had many drawbacks, not least of which was the scarcity of
help to cultivate the crop and the entire lack of experience in the laborers avail-
able. In this extremity Air. Curtis bethought himself of the Los Angeles Chinese
market gardeners and their knowledge of celery growing, and at once entered into
negotiations with a leading Chinaman to undertake the work of growing eighty
acres of celery on contract, the Earl Fruit Company to furnish everything, includ-
ing implements needed in the cultivation of the crop, also money advanced for
rental of the land and the supplying of water where needed by digging wells : so
that $5,000 was advanced before a stock of celery was ready for shipment. The re-
sult was fairly successful, notwithstanding the untoward experience of the Chinese
laborers at the hands of white men. who worried and harassed the Celestials, both
in season and out of season, carrying their unreasonable resentment to the extent
of burning the buildings erected by the Earl Fruit Company, carrying off the im-
plements used in the cultivation, and terrorizing the Cliinamen employed to the
imminent risk of driving them away entirely and thus sacrificing the crop for want
of help to attend it.

"All this risk and expense fell directly on the Earl Fruit Company, for returns
for their investment could only come when the crop was ready for market, and it
may easily be imagined that E. A. Curtis, as a prime mover in the venture, occu-
pied a most unenviable position. But-Mr. Curtis kept right on, and overcame every
obstacle that presented itself, and to him is due the credit for demonstrating the
superior advantages of Orange County for the successful growing of celery and
the introduction and establishment of an industry that has permanently added
hundreds of thousands of dollars to the resources of the county.

"The crop from the land thus experimented with was shipped to New York
and Kansas City and consisted of about fifty cars, a considerable shipment at that
time, as prior to then a carload of California celery was an unheard of quantity.
There was. of course, not much profit made for that season after everything was
paid, for the items of expense were many and included all the loss and damage
suffered while the crop was maturing and a bill of $1,100 paid an officer of the
law for protection aff'orded the Chinese laborers while at work during the season.
But it paid a margin of profit and proved beyond dispute that under favorable
conditions celery culture might be undertaken with prospects of success, and this
fact once established, the rest was easy."

Celery growing developed into one of the leading industries of Orange Coun-
ty. The area of celery culture exceeded 275,000 acres and extended from the
peat lands where it was begun, over a considerable portion of the "Willows," a

HIS'J'ORV OF ORANGE COUNTY 167

tract of land lying between the old and the new beds of the Santa Ana River,
the scene of the squatter contest of over thirty-five years ago.

Quoting from the April (1919) Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticul-
ture: "The total movement of celery from California for the season of 1917-18
was 2,775 cars. Florida had the second heaviest shipments with 2,458 cars. New
York ranked third with 1,739 cars. * -k * The falling of¥ of shipments from
October to the first of January was due primarily to a short acreage. Discour-
aged by slow transportation, unsatisfactory returns, and high labor costs, growers
cut their acreage in two for the season 1918-19. Very heavy rains in September
injured many fields in the Delta district of central California, which resulted in
about twenty per cent damage. Stock in Southern California made slow^ growth
and much of it was shipped while still small." Orange County's acreage was
reduced by planting sugar beets or other crops instead of celery. The Santa Ana
Chamber of Commerce estimated the value of this county's celery crop for 1919
at $100,000: but the California \'egetable Union gave 100 cars at $800 per car,
or a total of $80,000, as its estimate.

CHAPTER XXX

ORANGE COUNTY'S LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

Horses

The aborigines anil their successors, the Mexicans and Spaniards, paid little
attention to domestic animals. Their nomadic mode of life was not conducive
to the acquisition of flocks and herds. There was, however, one exception and that
was the horse. This animal was such a help in traveling and hunting and so little
expense to keep that nearly every person provided himself with a pony. In fact,
in many places the cost of keeping was nothing, the animals running wild, getting
their own living and propagating their kind. Whenever one or more was needed,
the natives would round up a band of wild horses and lasso the requisite number.
It is not strange that animals thus reared and treated should be hard to tame and
never become entirely trustworthy.

In later years the Alexicans, Spaniards and Americans, who succeeded the
Indians, established an ownership over the different bands of horses, which owner-
ship they maintained by branding and herding the animals. More or less friction
arose between the owners of the dififerent bands and also between them and the
other settlers who were growing crops instead of raising stock. Various stories are
told of the clashes between the farmers and the stockmen, which at this late day
sound rather apocryphal. It is said that in one instance a ]\Ir. Sepulveda, who
owned hundreds of horses and cattle, came to take them away: but he was
afraid to go near them, because some settler was picking them off with his rifle
from a hiding place. In order to save their crops the settlers banded together and
ran three hundred animals over a high blufif near Newport, killing them all, and
chased a thousand head into ^lexico.

\\'ith the incoming of better breeds these ]\rexican ponies were largely dis-
placed or were improved b\- crossing with the other strains of horses. Of course
there are still some Mexican horses in the county, handed down from generation
to generation with little or no improvement : but such animals are the exception to
the rule that Orange County is well supplied now with good horses. The improve-
ment, which would have come about gradually through the immigrants bringing in
better horses, was greatlv accelerated by the importation of thoroughbreds for
breeding purposes. The late Don Marco Forster of Capistrano is credited with
being the first, in the territory now included in this county, to attempt to improve
his stock by the introduction of blooded stallions. He kept thousands of horses
and sold them for all purposes wherever he could find a market. A number of
other breeders were active in improving the horses of this .section, among whom

168 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

the most prominent were E. W. Squires. George B. Bixby, Walter K. Robinson,
Jacob Willitts, R. J. Blee, J. H. Garner and George W. Ford.

The Orange County Fair Association was organized in 1890 with a race track
located southwest of Santa Ana. This track was considered one of the best in
the West. Some of the records reported as being made on it were Silkwood,
2:07; Klamath, 2:0/3-^; Ethel Downs, fastest five-heat race ever trotted on the
Coast. These records, and others not readily obtained now. gave the track and the
county great praise abroad and stimuJated the raising of blooded stock at home.
As a result of this increased interest, some of the finest strains of thoroughbreds
and fastest race horses have been produced in this county. Horses for other pur-
poses have been improved in like proportion until Orange County can justly take
pride in all its horses.

The county statistician in his report for 1910 gave the following figures on
the horses of the county and other kindred animals, viz. : Horses, thoroughbreds,
39, value $7,800; conunon, 7,649. value $780,000; colts. 1.257, value $63,850;
jacks and jennies, 2, value $1,000: mules, 2,035, value $407,000. The county
assessor in his report for 1919 gives all kinds of horses. 6.787. value $848.500 :
mules, 2.440, value $549,000.

Although the work and activities of the people in the county, demanding
horse power, have greatly increased since 1910, the number of horses in the
county is now about 1,000 less than at that time. The reason is not far to seek.
The gasoline engine has displaced the horse as a motive power. With 9.794
registered motor vehicles and over 750 tractors in the county, each motor vehicle
being propelled by an engine rated at from eighteen horsepower to si>rty horse-
power and each tractor by an engine rated at from ten horsepower to forty-five
horsepower, it is easy to see why horses have decreased in the county instead of
increasing in proportion to the increase of the work. Then, horses are too slow
for this fast age ; even the best of them make a poor show at "keeping up with
Lizzie."

Cattle

The cattle of Orange County passed through a very similar process of devel-
opment to that described of the horses of said county. In the early days, when
hunting for a living was being displaced by the pastoral life, some cattle were
brought into this region from other states or countries. These animals may have
been of poor quality or their oft"spring may have degenerated through a long period
of abuse and neglect. At all events they were better fitted for perpetuating their
existence under adverse conditions than they were for dairy purposes. Ownership
of cattle was maintained in the same way as that of the horses, by branding and
herding. The flocks and herds of the Spanish dons roamed over the hills and
valleys which are now dotted with orchards and farms. Dependent almost wholly
upon the variable rainfall and native grasses, the cattle industry of early times
was subject to great fluctuations between affluence and poverty. It is related that,
in periods of bountiful rains, the children of the cattle barons cut a swell in the
educational institutions of New York and Paris ; but that, in periods of extreme
drouth, hundreds of animals were driven into the sea to prevent their carcasses
from breeding pestilence on the land.

With the American occupation of the country came diversified farming and
some precautions against the capriciousness of Nature. The diversified farming
necessitated smaller holdings of land and permitted a denser population. Such a
change, however, might not decrease the number of live stock, for, while the size
of the herds would be decreased, the number of owners would be increased and the
subsistence of the animals would be more certain.

The Fletchers near Olive were credited with having made the first importation
of blooded stock in the territory now included in Orange County. Later Henry
West of AlcPherson shipped in a number of registered Jerseys, as did G. Y. Coutts
of Orange still later, and there were doubtless other importers in different parts

HISTC^RY OF ORANGE COUNTY 169

of the county. Whenever animals of high grade were brouglu into one part of
the county, stockraisers in the other parts would breed from them and thereby
improve their own herds ; thus has the stock of the entire county been brought
to a high standard of excellence. As corroborative proof of this claim, the stock
sale of the Santa Ana Jersey Farm in December, 1909, may be mentioned. In
order to reduce stock the owner, J. T. Raitt, sold 122 fine cows at prices ranging
from $30 to $150 apiece, the average being $74 apiece. The total amount of the
sales was $9,028; nevertheless the owner had a sufficient number of cows left to
continue to supply his customers, over a large range of territory, with milk.

The 1910 countv statistics on this subject are as follows: Cattle, beef, 347,
value $13,880: stock, 850, value $25,500: dairy cows, 5,141, value $257,050:
heifers, 189, value $3,780: calves, 1,565, value $9,390. The assessment for 1019
gives all kinds of cattle, 17,676, value $1,237,320.

Cattle for beef and dairy purposes have no gasoline competitor : hence they
have more nearly kept pace with the increase of population in the county. The
number of all kinds in 1910 was 8,092; that of all kinds in 1919 is 17,676, or an
increase in number of more than 118 per cent. The value of all kinds in 1910 was
$309,600: that of all kinds in 1919 is $1,237,320, or an increase in value of more
than 299 per cent. Instead of the promiscuous herds of early years that continued
to propagate their kind without let or hindrance, the cattle of late years are widely
distributed in dairies and among families ; hence they are better bred and better
cared for, thereby increasing their quality and value, as noted by the assessor in
the foregoing statistics. In order to encourage the dairymen of the county to
still further improve their stock, the supervisors bought five head of fine Holstein
stock at a sale in Phoenix. Ariz., in February, 1919. These animals consist of a
bull, three cows and a calf, all registered in the records of the Holstein-Friesian
Association of America, giving the pedigree and achievements of their ancestors
and their own names and stock numbers. They are kept at the county farm in
West Orange.

Sheep

About thirty-five or forty years ago the sheep industry was one of the
important industries of this section. Large flocks were located at dififerent points
of what is now Orange County and were herded over the intervening territory
during the day and returned to the camp at night. Jonathan Watson, in the
Santa Ana Canyon above Olive, had 25.000 head of sheep along about 1876 and
there were other flocks nearly as large within the present confines of the county at
that time. The industry declined, however, as the range was occupied for other
purposes.

The statistician's report for 1910 gives the following figures upon the sheep
industry: Sheep, 18,030, value $63,105 ; lambs, 7,330, value $18,325 ; wool, 216,360
pounds, value $25,963. The assessment roll for 1919 gives only 739 sheep worth
$7,390.

The sheep industry of this county has been annihilated. It is true there
were 739 assessed in 1919 ; but this small band was temporarily in the county
w'hen it was listed by the assessor for taxation. The reason for the decline of the
industry given in 1910, viz. : "The range was occupied for other purposes."' did
not tell the whole story, for, at the time that reason was given, there were 18,030
sheep and 7,330 lambs being pastured in the hills of the county. Now those sheep
have all disappeared and that range is not being occupied for other purposes.
The other part of the story is that the low tariff gave the death blow to the sheep
industry in this country. One of the elder Eyraud brothers, who pastured sheep
in the hills east of El Modena for many years, told the writer that they lost
$30,000 under the low Wilson tariff act during President Cleveland's last term,
and one of the sons told him in 1913 that, if the new administration adopted
another low tariff act. they would get out of the sheep business. This they did

170 HISTORY OF OR.WGE COfNTV

when the Underwood tariff act was adopted. (Jthers did the same until there
are no sheep left in Orange County.

Thirty-five or forty years ago there were a few goats raised in some of the
small canyons tributary to the Santiago Creek ; but with the removal of the regular
residents from the canyons, the raising of goats in the mountains ceased. Within
the past five years goat raising has taken a fresh start in Orange County, but this
time the industry has broken out in spots over the valley section of the county.
Recently the Department of Agriculture issued a bulletin urging the American
people to turn their attention to goat farming as a means of reducing the high
cost of living. One of the results of the awakened interest in the industry has
been the increase in the price of goats. Where formerly goats sold from two
dollars to five dollars now they bring from $50 to $200 a piece, because the demand
has outrun the supply. The Huntington Beach Nezvs mentioned the following
persons as being interested in goat raising in that community: L. T. Young, F.
L. Snyder, George W. Wardwell, H. H. Campbell, Al. Clark and others. A. B.
Collins of \'illa Park is raising goats as a side line in connection with fruit grow-
ing. He has a flock of thirteen goats of different ages, one of the bucks regis-
tered and the other animals of good grade.

Hogs

^'ery few people, if any, in Orange County raise hogs for the market. Most
of the stockmen and general farmers raise a small number each year for home con-
sumption, and may occasionally market a few when they have a surplus. These
few animals can be raised on the waste of the farm ; but the fruit growers can
utilize their ground more profitably than in raising feed for hogs.

The statistical report of the number and value of the hogs in the county in
1910 was as follows: Swine. 1,037, value $12,444. The 1919 assessment roll
shows 1,356, worth $27,120.

Evidently the citizens of Orange County would rather buy their ham and
bacon already grown and cured, than to buy high-priced feed for hogs or produce
it on high-priced land, for the 1,356 hogs in the county in 1919 would make but a
small part of the pork consumed annually in the county, to say nothing of the
stock animals carried over from year to year. Only enough hogs are being raised
to consume the waste from the canneries, the kitchens and the packing houses.

Poultry

In the early days this state abounded in nearly every kind of wild game.
The swamps and lagoons near the coast afforded food and shelter to myriads of
wild ducks and geese. These birds, in passing from one place to another, would
frequently alight in the grain fields and destroy more or less of the growing crops.
In order to protect such crops and to provide meat for the table, a systematic
war was made on these birds for many years. In some parts of the state pot-
hunters were hired by the farmers to slaughter the wild game that was devastating
their fields. Now this game is protected by game laws, which require a license
for hunting, regulate the open seasons and fix the bag-limit for the various kinds,
in order to prevent such game from becoming extinct. Hence what could be
obtained for the table by a few hours' hunting in the early days must now be pro-
vided through the rearing of domestic fowls.

From quite an early date chicken raising, as it is commonly called, has been
followed in the territory now included in Orange County. It oft'ered the quickest
returns on the investment and the most ready support for families that could not
wait for fruit trees to come into bearing or even for annual crops to mature. In
fact, eggs were legal tender through the seventies, and helped to tide many a
family over the dry spell of 1875 to 1877, before the irrigation facilities were well
developed. Followed as a separate enterprise, poultry raising has proved profit-
able or otherwise, according to the careful attention and capable management of

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 171

those engaged in the hnsiiiess. It is a business, however, that can be sandwiched
in with fruit growing, general farming and stock-raising without material loss or
inconvenience to those industries. The fowls do better when they have consider-
able freedom, including the range of the barnyards and alfalfa fields. Thus they
pick up much of their living from the waste of the farm. The mild climate and
green feed the year round are conducive to making hens lay more here than in
the East, and to distribute their eggs more evenly throughout the year. This
helps to equalize the price, and the large cities near by with their tourist popula-
tion keep up the demand. As to the profits of producing hens' eggs for the
market, one example must suffice. A careful record of all receipts and expenses
of thirty- four hens, confined in a yard 22x130 feet and fed entirely on purchased
food, showed a net profit per hen of $2.60 per year. Allowing more time and
space for the care of the fowls, the profits on a greater number ought to increase
in proportion to the number.

With the improved facilities of incubators and brooders, the raising of
broilers for the market is a paying part of the business. It can be carried on
all times of the year in this mild climate, and the demand is great. With so
many people to feed in the cities, it is almost impossible to glut the market. This
demand, too, is at our doors; there is no long haul of freights to consume the
profits. The Jubilee incubator was manufactured at Orange for a number of
years and the Santa Ana incubator was manufactured at Santa Ana. Other styles
of incubators were shipped in as needed.

In 1907 a poultry association was formed at Fullerton. Later in the same
year the Orange County Poultry Association was formed, by a union of all the
poultry men, and held an exhibition at the county-seat. Various exhibits have
been held since that time, which have done much to imijrove the fowls of the
county.

The county statistician gives the following figures on the poultry and eggs
of Orange County in the year 1910: Chickens, 16,500 dozen, value $115,500:
ducks, 2,200 dozen, value $17,600; geese, 150 dozen, value $3,520; turkeys, 225
dozen, value $4,500; eggs, 236,750 dozen, value $71,025. Total value of poultry
and eggs $212,145. The Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce report for 1919 gives
$1,500,000 as the value of poultry and eggs.

Poultry raisers complained during the World War that chicken feed was so
high and the price of poultry products was so low they couldn't make any money
in the business ; so they sold out or ate up their flocks without replacing them,
until after the war it was found next to impossible to collect enough broilers in
a day's ride to furnish a chicken supper for a church social. And eggs, follow-
ing the law of supply and demand like other commodities, mounted higher and
higher until a single egg sold for more than a whole dozen did in the same terri-
tory thirty-five years ago, and a single egg sold for 100 per cent more in New
York City than Henry Ford's character was rated at by a jury of his peers.

CHAPTER XXXI

THE BEE INDUSTRY
By J. E. Pleasants

The history of beekeeping in California is the history of beekeeping on the
Pacific Coast, as the first bees to be brought west of the Rockies were those
brought to California in 1857 by John S. Harbison. This shipment was brought
by water from Pennsylvania to California via the Isthmus. Samuel Shrewsbury
>\as the first man to bring bees into what is now Orange County. This was in 1869.
He first kept them on the JMontgomery ranch at \"illa Park. In 1871 he moved
them into the Santiago Canyon. Beekeeping as an industry has grown gradually
until there are now about 10.000 colonies kept in Orange County. There are from

172 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

75 to 100 practical beekeepers who make it their chief business. The average
yield of honey during a good year is about 200 tons. This year (1920) there will
be over 300 tons. The cash income from honey and wax, at the present prices, is
something over $100,000 annually. The main sources of nectar supply are from
the native mountain plants, such as the sages, sumac, wild alfalfa, wild buckwheat,
etc., the sages being the best nectar yielders both for quantity and quality. There
is undoubtedly no better or more delicately flavored honey in the world than that
produced from the sages of Southern California. There is also a large amount
of honey produced from the orange and bean blossoms of the valleys. The
orange honey is white, and has the spicy flavor of the orange blossoms. The great
economic value in honey production lies in the fact that such a delicate and whole-
some food is produced from a source which requires no manipulation from the
hand of man save the care of the bees. The vast quantities of nectar, commercially
speaking, would go to waste were it not for the bees, and their presence in the
orchards are a positive value in the production of fruit owing to cross-pollination.

Orange County appointed its first inspector in 1902. At that time the "foul
brood" had spread to over fifteen hundred stands, and these were scattered all
over the county. The inspector, with the cooperation of the keepers, had, up to
1910, about stamped out the disease and at that time it affected only about fifty
stands. This means those stands that are handled, for there may be some in out
of the way places that are not known to the inspector. However, the disease is
now under control. This disease is known as the American foul brood, and it is
known to have existed for more than eight hundred years, though it was not called
the American until importations were made from Italy to this country.

In 1905 a disease known and called the European foul brood was discovered
in New York, and wa? so severe that it was certain death to the bees infected.
It spread with such rapidity that it reached California in 1908, and was found
in the San Joaquin Valley, north of the Tehachepi, and exterminated the bees
in nearly every section of the Valley. Mr. Pleasants was sent from Orange County
to that region to make a study of it in order to be able to recognize it if it made
its appearance in this section. He found it was very disastrous and that it men-
aced the industry in the state should it get beyond control. It has not made its
appearance in this county up to the time of this report.

J. E. Pleasants was in charge of the California honey exhibit at New Orleans
in the winter of 1884-85, and it was there that he met with some of the most
prominent men engaged in this business in the United States. He was appointed
the first inspector for Orange Cotmty and has been continued in that position
to the present time. He has made a study of the bee for the benefit of those
engaged in the business, and has always had their hearty cooperation, the men
working in harmony with him on every occasion. The men interested in the bee
business in Orange County are in it for commercial purposes only, not from a
scientific point of view. The county now has a "clean slate," but holds a quaran-
tine on bees from any infected district. The duties of the inspector necessitate
a thorough knowledge of bees, and he is expected to look into each stand in every
apiary if possible. Even though the keepers know the signs of the disease ,they
insist upon the inspector doing the work.

It is a well known fact that bees save for the keepers, injure nothing, and
for those engaged in the fruit business are a boon, as they carry the pollen from
flower to flower and tree to tree. The valleys and canyons were the richest and
best producing places in the early days, the best flowers were to be found there,
especially the kind most needed, but when the settlers began to come in they
wanted the ground to raise hay and other farm products, and this drove the bee
men from their haunts, as the shrubs that were so abundant were grubbed out.
This condition has been changing back to the old order again, the more fertile
land in the valley has been sought out by the ranchers, and the places once occupied
by the bees are fast returning to the original condition.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 173

CHAPTER XXXII

SEMI-TROPIC FRUITS IN ORANGE COUNTY

By C. P. Taft

Tlie history of the semi-tropic fruits, other than citrus, in Orange County,
-;^ quite similar in most particulars to that of the other counties of Southern
California. The first Spanish settlers introduced little that is still of especial
value, except the Mission olive and grape, and there are yet some trees and vines
in existence once planted by the padres. Other and better varieties have prac-
tically superseded them, and there are numerous vineyards and olive orchards
which are profitable, but not to an extent to induce very extensive further planting.

Of more recent introduction, if not yet of equal value, and quite successfullv
grown, are the avocado, or alligator pear, feijoa, many kinds of guavas, the
loquat, cherimoya, persimmon, pomegranate and sapota. When Orange County
was first organized the persimmon, pomegranate and cherimoya were known
to a slight extent, planted by a few of the more enterprising citizens, and there
are today in Anaheim, Orange, Santa Ana, Tustin and vicinity some specimens
of each which are approximately thirty years old. The avocado, carissa, feijoa
and sapota, in the county, are in a few cases over twelve years of age.

\\'hile other semi-tropical trees and plants have been tried, it is the very
rare exception that any have consented to live even a year, and only those men-
tioned above have been sufliciently enduring and prolific to result in or to justify
extensive propagation. For instance, the banana, pineapple, eugenia, mango,
papaya, etc., have been repeatedly tried, but as yet without satisfactory results,
though it is not impossible that among the multitude of varieties of these fruits,
there may yet be found some which will prove themselves adapted to this region.
In fact, the avocado, which is now so full of promise, was long regarded as of
very dubious value. The first trees grew well indeed, but bearing only in the
rarest instances.

It is not necessary to enter upon a detailed description of each of these fruits,
such as may be found in almost all first-class nursery catalogues, but mention may
he made in a general way of their special development.

The loquat is in a way the most characteristic fruit of Orange Count}-, for
it is here that it has been most highly developed, and so far as yet ascertained,
has reached a perfection unknown elsewhere, not only in California, but in the
world. At any rate, as a result of new varieties originated here. Orange County
has the largest and best loquat orchards. Approximately from one hundred to
one hundred fifty tons are marketed annually. Relatively this is not a large
amount, to be sure, but it is the most and best of any.

Of more recent introduction, the avocado or alligator pear, is by all odds
the most desirable fruit on the list. Attention has been especially called to prove
that this superb and fascinating fruit can be grown in many portions of Orange
County with great success. It is not unlikely that there will soon be extensive
development of this industry, rivalling the orange it may be, in value and acreage.
Excellent and prolific varieties have been established and orchards of budded
trees are making their appearance. There is every reason for believing, that by
proper selection of varieties, the avocado may be made to mature fruit every
month of the year and be a constant source of income and gratification. If it is
so desired, the grower may confine his attention to varieties ripening at such a
time as he may regard the most profitable and market his entire crop in a few
months.

Persimmons, especially the Hachiya, a Japanese variety, here attain a perfec-
tion unsurpassed anywhere. While the market does not as yet absorb a very
large quantity, the demand is increasing and from ten to twenty tons are mar-
Tceted from Orange County each season, at good prices. A limited number of

174 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

pomegranates also find a ready market, principally as a very interesting novelty
to tourists, though they are not without an intrinsic value.

The feijoa sellowiana is the most recent introduction on the list and has
not yet been tested on the market, nearly all of the fruit going to furnish seeds
to nurserymen who wish to increase their stock. It has a most delightful flavor
and perfume, as well as unusually excellent keeping qualities. It ripens in Novem-
ber and December, at a time when fruit begins to be scarce. There is no doubt
that it will prove very profitable and should be largely planted.

Guavas of all kinds have their representative varieties, which find a con-
genial home in many portions of the county and ripen according to variety, at
all times in the year. They are mostly used to eat out of hand, but the largest
and handsomest are principally used for jellies and preserves, for which purpose
they are unsurpassed.

The carissa is a thorny bush, bearing an abundance of fragrant blossoms,
more or less bright red, and very handsome fruits, which can be used for sauces
much like the cranberry. The sapota is a large handsome tree, bearing somewhat
fitfully, a considerable quantity of yellowish-green fruit about the size of a peach.
Occasionally one finds a desirable variety, but most of the trees bear relatively
poor fruit. The time for ripening is October, when other fruits are plentiful, and
this puts it at a disadvantage. Thus it is not likely that even the best varieties
will ever be much grown. The carissa, however, may develop into something more
than a successful curiositv.

During the nine 3'ears since the foregoing description of "semi-tropic fruits"
was written, the status of the less grown fruits in Orange County has changed
relatively little. The avocado continues to take the lead and considerable planting
has been done in spite of some drawbacks from frost, which injured some trees
and nursery stock in the more exposed situations. New varieties from Guate-
mala, by ~SIt. E. E. Knight of Yorba Linda, have proved quite adaptable and
prolific, one, the "Linda," having fruits weighing from two to four pounds or
more each. Other new kinds furnished by the department of agriculture, also
from Guatemala, are being tested. Individual trees of the older planting have
established new and remarkable records for productiveness, notably the "Taft,"
which produced over five hundred dollars' worth of fruits in 1917 and over six
hundred dollars' worth in 1919. The "Sharpless" tree, owned by B. H. Sharpless
of Tustin, has done equally well. Both are among the oldest trees in the county,
and they give some idea of what to expect when trees of later planting attain
bearing age.

The persimmon has advanced considerably in the estimation of the public,
which now takes all that are offered it at very good prices. There has been and
is a good demand for trees, more than exhausting the entire available supply of
nursery stock, of which there bids fair to be a shortage for several years. In
Orange County the Hachiya, which is the best commercial variety, has rarely
been known to fail after the trees have reached the full-bearing age, which is
about eight years from planting. On the oldest trees the production amounts to
400 pounds or more annually.

Among the feijoas new varieties have been developed, which are not onl}-
larger, but extend the season so that it now lasts from September to December
inclusive, and the fruit is in increasing demand, not only for immediate con-
sumption, but for preserves.

The jujube, a recent introduction by the department of agriculture, is proving
ver}' well suited to this section, being both a vigorous grower and very prolific.
It is likely in due time to take place among the standard fruits of Orange
County.

Originating in this county, a seedless sapota is the latest novelty to attract
the attention of horticulturists: In addition to its seedlessness it has other very

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 175

surprising characteristics, and it may be Iieard from again. The original tree
has only lately reached the bearing stage ; it is very prolific.

As one object of this article is to show what semi-tropical fruits can be
grown with confidence and profit, and what are at best only experiments, we
will recapitulate: The avocado, loquat and feijoa are very desirable and may be
grown extensively with good results financially. The persimmon and pomegranate
also are reasonably desirable. The carissa and sapota should only meet with indi-
vidual favor and a few specimens be grown in every collection.

CHAPTER XXXIII

THE ENGLISH WALNUT INDUSTRY

W'liat is generally called the English walnut in this countr}- should more
properly be called the Persian walnut. Its scientific name is Juglans Regia. Be-
cause of its thin shell and rich flavor it has been grown in the old world for
many centuries. In America, however, it has not been very successfully grown
except in parts of California. Not every kind of soil and climate, even in Cali-
fornia, is suitable for securing the best results. The walnut requires a deep,
rich loam, or even adobe soil, free from hardpan or standing water within reaich
of the roots. It also requires a mild and equable climate, such as is found in the
southern part of the state near the coast.

More than a third of a century's experiments seem to have demonstrated
that the best conditions for the successful growing of walnuts are found in Orange,
Los Angeles, Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The tree does not do well
farther up the coast, while in the hot valleys of the interior it grows to an
enormous size, but produces few nuts and those of an inferior quality.

All the early planting of walnuts, both in Europe and the Llnited States,
was done with seedlings, and even now many such trees are planted, either
to save the expense or because grafted trees are not always available. Alany
prefer the seedlings, for the results secured are as satisfactory, when they have
iDeen bred up to a high standard, as those obtained from the grafted stock.
However, many growers prefer the grafted stock. According to some authorities,
the Mayette type is not profitable and is only suited for high altitudes. Experi-
ments show that these foreign walnuts do not grow as vigorously when grafted
upon roots of their own species as they do on some of the American species.

. Professor A^an Deman, in an article in the Rural New Yorker, says there
are four species of native walnuts, Juglans nigra, Juglans cinerea, Juglans
rupestris and Juglans Californica, upon all of which he has experimented, and
he prefers the latter two, which are very much alike. Prof. W. J. Clarke, in
the California Fruit Grower, says : "The native black walnuts, strong, vigorous
growers and self-adapted to the different climatic and soil conditions of the state,
should be used as stocks upon which to graft or bud the less vigorous European
varieties and their. seedling progeny."

The seed nuts are carefully selected from trees bearing the largest nuts
of the desired variety and planted in layering beds, the soil of which is composed
of equal portions of sand and loam well mixed. The nuts are spread evenly
over the beds and covered to a depth of two inches with the same kind of soil.
This layering is done in the latter part of the winter and the beds kept moist
until the nuts germinate. As soon as the nuts crack open and the caulicle or
root-stem appears, the nuts are transplanted to the nursery row, care being taken
not to injure the caulicle. They are replanted two inches deeper than before
to allow for settling of the dirt, and about four or five feet apart in rows at
least thirty inches from each other, the soil having been prepared for their
reception. Constant attention with the judicious use of water and the necessary
cultivation bring forward the little plants until large enough to bud or graft to
the desired variety.

176 HISTORY OF ORA\-GE COUNTY

If, however, an orchard of seedlings is wanted, the right variety of nuts
is selected for planting and the budding or grafting dispensed with. One suc-
cessful grower, George W. Ford, of Santa Ana, took his selected nuts, when
the time came, in April, for planting, put them in barrels and covered with
water, letting them soak for forty-eight hours. The water was drained off and
the nuts spread evenly over a surface and covered with wet sacks for another
forty-eight hours, during which time they crack open and sprouts show, then
they were set out in prepared beds, five feet apart, and were kept well irrigated.
The nursery stock is usually one, two or three years old when transplanted
to the orchard. The prevailing price for seedlings in 1910 was from ten to
thirty cents apiece, while the grafted trees usually cost from fifty cents to $1.25
each, or at the rate of ten cents per foot in height. On rich, heavy soil the
trees are planted forty-five or fifty feet apart ; but on lighter soil they are fre-
quently planted forty feet apart.

The quantity of water used in irrigating the trees, the number of times
and the best season of the year to make the application, are questions that
every grower determines for himself by observation and experience. There is
more or less variation in the seasons and different kinds of soil require different
kinds of treatment. As a general rule no more water is applied than is neces-
sary to keep the trees in a thrifty condition. More than enough increases the
expense and injures the trees and soil. On good walnut land, in seasons of
average rainfall, one irrigation each year is all that is generally given.

Mr. Ford stated that he had not plowed his walnut orchard for fifteen years.
His production from 283 trees in 1909 was 28,040 pounds, for which he received
twelve and a half cents, orchard run. Some of his trees yielded 300 pounds
each. They weighed sixty-eight pounds to the sack. In 1910 the crop weighed
fifty-eight pounds to the sack and he received fourteen cents orchard run for the
crop. By careful experiment he had found that a "plow-hardpan" is formed by
cultivating, and also that it breaks off the small shoots sent up by the roots to
draw the necessary nourishment from the air. This retards the development
of the tree to some extent, besides the nut is not as perfect. He had planted his
trees the ordinary distance apart, but by cutting out every other tree, found his
yield much greater.

The California \\'alnut Growers' .Association quoted the following prices in
1918:

No. 1 soft shell 28 cents

No. 2 soft shell 25 cents

Fancy budded 31i4 cents

Standard budded 29 cents

Jumbos 31>< cents

The value of the 1919 crop for Orange County was estimated at $5,750,000.
The monthly bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture for April,
1919, says: "More walnuts are raised in California than in any other state or
country in the world." Table XI in the same bulletin gives the acreage and
production of walnuts by counties in 1909 and 1918. The figures for the latter
year only are quoted and for those counties only that produce a million or more
pounds of nuts, as follows :

Acres in Average Pounds Production
County Bearing per Acre in Pounds

Los Angeles 15,572 J':'? 1 1,794,000

Oran<^e 12,350 1,283 15,849.000

Santa" Barbara 4,500 789 3,551 ,000

Ventura 11.334 678 7,688,700

The State 48,520 829 40,230,680

Let the people of Orange County rejoice and be glad that California pro-
duces more walnuts than any other state or country in the world, and that Orange
County produces sixty-two per cent more of nuts per acre than Santa Barbara

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY 177

County, its nearest competitor, and thirty-four per cent larger crop than Los
Angeles County, its nearest competitor in quantity, notwithstanding its twenty-six
per cent less acres in bearing.

CHAPTER XXXIV

FARM BUREAU REPORT
By Harold E. Wahlberg

The Orange County Farm Bureau is just now closing its second year, which
has been one of numerous activities and county-wide interest. Although located
in a county of intensive agricultural industry, a county well supplied with numer-
ous other organizations, marketing, political, social and others, this infant organ-
ization has made noteworthy strides notwithstanding. At the time of the' last
annual report the membership of the County Farm Bureau of Orange County
numbered 704. During the past year several have fallen out, and still more
have been added, making a total at this writing of 827. This membership is dis-
tributed throughout the county among thirteen Farm Centers, as follows :

Anaheim 7i La Habra 83

Buena Park 7C^ San Juan Capistrano 23

El Modena 30 Tustin 65

Fullerton 108 \'illa Park 61

Garden Grove 7i West Orange 30

Harper 66 Wintersburg 51

Yorba Linda 79

During the early part of the present year a systematic membership cam-
paign was conducted under the leadership of the Farm Advisor, assisted by
membership committees in each of the Centers. It is planned to have another
membership drive in the early part of next year, with the end in view of doubling
the present membership.

Owing to the fact that the Farm Bureau has been a new organization in
the county, and owing to the large number of other organizations and attrac-
tions which exist in this highly developed community, the Farm Bureau found
existence in its early history rather doubtful but, with the cooperation of a
strong Board of Directors, who have encouraged the Farm Advisor from the
very beginning, the institution has made great strides during the past year,
and has established for itself a permanent home in the hearts and needs of the
farmers of the county. There has been a continuous and untiring campaign
of education to bring the farmer of this highly developed county to the appre-
ciation of his need of such an organization as represented by the Farm Bureau,
but now that it has established a firm foothold, there is no doubt in the minds
of the officers of the organization that the Farm Bureau will become stronger
year by year, and become the organization through which the farmers of the
county will obtain their due representation and voice their sentiments as they
have never been able to do before. Especially, with the organization of a
State Farm Bureau Federation, do the Farm Bureau members feel that their
organization in this county, as well as throughout the state, is going to help solve
the large problems and issues facing agricultural interests, and it is this one
step in the experience and development of the Farm Bureau work that we feel
will insure the permanency of the organization. Its mission as far as Orange
County is concerned will be to take up the larger issues of legislation and repre-
sentation among the other great classes of the state and nation. It is on this
strong argument, as well as the projection of local county projects, that the next
campaign for membership will be based.

The average farmer of this county is a man of education and business abilitx .
especially among the citrus growers, where we find a large percentage of doctors.

178 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

educators and professional men, and necessarily the Farm Bureau has been
called upon to present highly specialized subjects in its monthly meetings, and
for this reason it is most urgent that the University, the Experiment Station and
the U. S. Department of Agriculture be called upon to meet this specialized
demand. It is not possible for the County Agent to become so specialized in all
the industries of the county, which include orange growing, lemon growing, sugar
beet, bean and truck crop growing, besides the many other highly specialized
minor industries which have developed in the county. In order to do justice to the
work, therefore, the Farm Advisor deems it necessary to meet these special
demands by calling upon experts of the various state and government depart-
ments, which is a condition that has to be met by most of the southern counties
of this state where the crops grown are so highly specialized.

Agriculturally speaking. Orange County may be divided into two main
sections: the northern third specializes almost entirely on citrus fruits and
walnuts, while the southern two-thirds is devoted to growing beans, .sugar
beets, grains, as well as dairying. As far as the Farm Bureau is concerned
with relation of these two divisions, the interests and demands on the Farm
Advisor of these respective parts are widely different, and it has been his aim
to meet them accordingly.

The high values of farming lands of this county, ranging from $200 to $5,000
per acre, make intensive farming necessary. Double cropping is the general rule
on most of the lands devoted to annual crops. The citrus sections present many
highly specialized problems, including soil fertilizers, control of tree diseases,
including gummosis, scaly bark, oak rot fungus: control of orchard insects and
pests, irrigation, drainage, cover cropping, pruning, rejuvenation. of old trees,
bud selection and numerous other phases. The Farm Bureau is endeavoring to
meet these problems every day by educational meetings, field demonstrations and
personal visits to the farm.

In the southern farming section a wide range of conditions and problems
confronts the farmer, the most important of which are alkali reclamation, drain-
age, irrigation, moisture conservation, soil and crop tests, seed selection and weed
eradication. Like other counties in this portion of the state. Orange County
presents agricultural problems of more or less local character. Projects which
are proposed for general California conditions are not in main applicable to
our local conditions. For example, our climatic and moisture conditions do
not favor the growing of wheat; stock raising is carried on in a very limited
way; sheep and hogs have not found much favor Ijecause of the scarcity of
feed, as well as higher returns brought by other crops. On the other hand,
any project relating to the increase of citrus yields, bean or beet crops, have
received the heartiest reception.

The Farm Bureau and the Farm Advisor are endeavoring to cooperate
with all the farm industries of the county, bringing to their attention the latest
information on the various projects involved. This is being done by means of
practical field demonstrations, showing the application of methods, or results
brought about by scientific application. Excursions have been a popular means
of bringing the Orange Cotuity farmer in touch with the best agricultural prac-
tices. The Farm Bureau has conducted several excursions to the Citrus Experi-
ment Station at Riverside, as well as local county excursions pointing out the
best practices of practical farmers.

Another educational feature of the Farm Bureau work is the publication of
a Farm Bureau Weekly, which is incorporated in the largest paper in the county.
During the first year, the Farm Bureau issued a standard sized Farm Bureau
Monthly, which reached only the membership of the Farm Bureau. In order
to bring the purpose of this organization before a larger number of readers,
the Board of Directors proposed a plan of supplying agricultural news items.
Farm Bureau write-ups and other material of special interest to the farmers of
the county, to the management of the Santa Ana Register, which has the largest

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 179

circulation of the county, approximately 6,000 subscribers, liy incorporating
the Farm Bureau news in this paper each Wednesday of the week, the Directors
of the Farm Bureau feel that the Farm Bureau will get a much larger Dublicity
for information which it can disseminate, which will be of greater influence
throughout the county, resulting from the increased circulation.

From time to time the County Itinerants are called together by the Farm
Advisor for the purpose of discussing the correlation of the various depart-
ments. These conferences include the County Horticultural Commissioner,
County Librarian, County School Superintendent, Forest Supervisor, County
Sealer of Weights and the Farm Advisor. The County Horticultural Commis-
sioner and the County Farm Advisor have cooperated very closely with the
extension of their work throughout the county, inasmuch as a large portion of
the work of the Farm Advisor is with the horticultural interests of the county.

When the Pacific Telephone Company raised its rates in March and May,
1919, and also discontinued the free toll service between nearby towns, the Farm
Bureau initiated a movement to organize a county-wide mutual telephone associa-
tion, through which they hoped to lower the rates, get more satisfactory service,
and give a county-wide free toll exchange. After considerable agitation through
the Farm Centers of the county, committees were appointed representing each
district to work out a plan of organization. They soon got the business men of
the county interested in this movement and, together with the Associated Cham-
bers of Commerce, the Farm Bureau has appointed an Executive Committee and
retained attorneys, who have obtained a state charter and county franchise for
the organization of a county mutual telephone association. The name of this
organization is known as the "Farmers and Merchants Association." The com-
mittee has had to surmount many obstacles during the year in order to meet the
opposition created by the telephone monopolists and the Railroad Commission,
but it feels now that it has progressed far enough along to start actual construc-
tion and operation. According to present plans the first unit of the exchange will
be constructed at Garden Grove. The Farm Center of Garden Grove is raising
funds for the construction of this unit. It is expected that this will be extended
over the entire county. The committees have worked out a feasible plan of
finance, which may be paid out in monthly installments by the telephone users.
When the organization and construction have been completed there will be
approximately 10,000 phones in the system.

As was reported in the last annual report of the Farm .Advisor, considerable
effort had been made by the Farm Bureau in proposing legislation for the con-
servation of large quantities of water which are being annually wasted through
the artesian belts of Orange County and other artesian sections of the state. The
legislative committee of the Farm Bureau compiled a bill, with the assistance of
its attorneys, which was presented by the assemblyman of this district, referred
to the conservation committee of both the House and the Senate, and brought
on the legislative floors several times during the session of the last legislature.
The Farm Bureau sent delegations to Sacramento to work in the interests of
this conservation law. Assembly Bill No. 6, but were met with a strong lobby
from the opposing elements, backed by the wealthy gim clubs of the state. The
bill met with a defeat of forty-two to twenty-five. This defeat, however, has
only increased the determination of the Farm Bureau members of this county
to see the same law through at the next legislature, and experience during the
past year will give them better preparation for a continued fight. It is expected
that this will be one of the issues taken up by the legislative committee of the
State Federation of Farm Bureaus, as it is one of paramount importance in the
arid regions of this state where water is of such high value and importance.

A movement i.s on foot at the present time by agricultural interests of
the southern counties for the conservation of winter precipitation and the protec-
•tion of the watersheds from wliich the irrigation water from our rivers and the
underground strata originate. The Farm Bureau is lending its moral and finan-

180 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

cial assistance with the other organizations of the county in bringing about a
practical plan of conserving and storing the winter waters by means of retaining
dams and reforestation. This is one of the vital issues before the county at the
present time.

ReaHzing the need of better transportation facihties. and the great demand
that the future will make on eastern shipments, the farmers of the county, includ-
ing the membership of the Farm Bureau, have assisted materially in passing the
recent County Bond Issue for the purpose of developing Newport Harbor, the
water shipping point of Orange County. Citrus associations and other marketing
associations of the county are planning an immense development in eastern .ship-
ments of fruits, walnuts, beans and other products. With the development of the
local harbor, direct steamer shipments can be made from this county to eastern
points through the Panama Canal.

Considerable educational work through the Farm Centers of the fruit sections
has been given for the purpose of acquainting the producer with the require-
ments of the new standardization fruit law which specifies the quality of all fruits
as to color, ripeness, blemishes, size, etc. This law was created for the purpose
of putting a better quality of fruit on the market, and protecting the consumer.
The grower is given a standard to go by, and in most cases he will get a better
price for his product, although there will be more waste than under the old
svstem. However, this waste may be utilized for by-products.

During the year a systematic Rodent Control campaign was carried on l)y
•the Horticultural Commissioner, cooperating with the Farm Centers located in
the general farming and grain sections. Considerable publicity work was carried
on by the Farm Bureau, and quantities of poison sold through this office. As a
result the squirrel pest has been greatly decreased. The campaign has been very
efficient and many thousands of dollars' worth of crops saved as a result.

There are now about ten boys' clubs in the county under the direct supervision
of Smith-Lever Agricultural teachers of the high schools. Several more clubs
are contemplated for the coming year. These cklbs are located at Huntington
Beach and Fullerton. During the past year the Huntington B.each club boys have
been raising pure-bred hogs very successfully. In some instances they have
taken the lead in hog raising in the neighborhood. The Fullerton clubs have
just been organized, and it is expected that they will take up pure-bred hog raising
and home gardens. Two boys were sent to the State Conference of Agricultural
Clubs at Davis in October. We have found that parents have become interested
in Farm Bureau work through the boys who participated in agricultural club
work. By extension of agricultural club work in the countv it is hoped to influ-
ence a larger Farm Bureau membership. The club boys, during the year, have
participated in a number of agricultural exhibits, showing the products of their
work. The future for the club work in Orange County looks very bright.

The Farm Advisor has assisted seventy-two boys in growing home gardens.
.\ Home Garden Campaign was started through the schools in the county in the
early part of this year. The agricultural teachers in charge have asked the direct
cooperation of the Farm Advisor. Seventy-two gardens were carried through
the year. In some cases the boys or girls keeping these gardens realized fair
profits, which have encouraged the work more than any other feature in its
connection. Another Home Garden Campaign is being outlined by the Farm
Advisor and the agricultural teachers in the county for the ensuing year.

During the year the Farm Bureau has participated in two fairs, the ( )range
County Fair at Huntington Beach and the Southern California Fair at River-
side. At both of these fairs, booths were maintained by the Farm Bureau, giving
information concerning the agricultural extension work in the county and offering
information to the many farmers calling at the booth. This feature has proven
to be not only of educational value to the farmer, but also has meant consider-
able publicity for the Farm Bureau. The Directors have approved of making
this a permanent, annual event.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 181

A large area of the agricultural lands of the southern and western part of
the county is subject to the rise of alkaline salts and high water table. The
Farm Bureau has pointed out the best methods of meeting this situation through
the installation of drainage systems. Numerous Center meetings have been de-
voted to the discussion of drainage, special meetings have been called, commit-
tees appointed, and as a result four districts are in process of organization,
namely: Buena Park. Cypress. Buaro and Garden Grove. The Farm Advisor
has called upon the Division of Soil Technolog>' of the University for informa-
tion and assistance in the organization of these districts, to which this department
very nicely responded. The acreages involved in the above districts are as
follows: Buena Park, 8,000 acres; Cypress. 4.000 acres: Buaro, 1,000 acres;
Garden Grove, 4,000 acres.

Orange County is one of the pioneers in the state for drainage work, there
being already six or seven drainage districts in operation. With the intensive
use of irrigation waters over the large areas in this county, the need of drainage
would become more and more imperative. Investigational data taken in several
<listricts of the county show that the surface water table is gradually rising, and as
a consequence the alkaline salts are accumulating in great (|uantities year by
year. In order to establish a permanent form of agriculture in the irrigated dis-
tricts, tlie Farm Bureau is endeavoring to emphasize the use of drains for the
carrying off of excessive waters and carrying away the alkahnc salts in solution.
Drainage has been one of the strong projects of the Farm Bureau, which is justi-
fying its existence and showing the farmer the benefits which might be derived
from such an organization. It is the accomplishment of practical projects of
this kind that will bring the Farm Bureau closer to the practical farmer.

A\'ith the rising values of land in the Huntington Beach Mesa District, the
farmers and property owners there have come to see the need of more intensive
farming operations, but in order to bring this about they see the necessity of a
better irrigation system and more water. At their request the Farm Bureau
has called several meetings for the purpose of getting the sentiments of the people
on the formation of an Irrigation District. A splendid source of water has been
located in the near vicinity, the water rights of which have been filed on by a
Farm Bureau Committee. The district is in the process of organization. There
has been consiilerable opposition to the expense involved in the construction of
an efficient distributing system, but it will be only a matter of time, after a
number of educational meetings, when the farmer of this district will come to
realize that a nominal expenditure per acre for the development of water on his
land will pay interest in large returns, which he is not now enjoying. This
di.strict comprises approximately 3,000 acres. There is a supply of 500 miner's
inches that can be used for distributing over this system. The approximate cost
of construction will be about $100 per acre.

Although the grain industry is small in Orange County, there is some
hazard from fire during the dry season. There are about 20,000 acres of barley
and wheat, not to mention the thousands of acres of grazing land, that need fire
protection. The Farm Bureau is trying to emphasize the importance of diminish-
ing this hazard by providing efficient rural fire fighting apparatus and establishing
them at strategic points.

Besides the regular monthly Center meetings held at each Center, other
special courses of meetings are planned for the edification of certain special sub-
jects. In February. 1919, the Farm Bureau cooperated with the State Depart-
ment of Education in staging a tractor school which operated three weeks. The
first two weeks were devoted to class and shop instruction, the last week to fieM
operations. An attendance of 250 enrolled. A citrus and walnut growers' insti-
tute was arranged for December, to occupy a week, and was held at the Fullertnn
Union high school.

The Farm .\dvisor calls upon experts from the various government and state
institutions to meet the ilcmands of the growers of these specialized crops. Dur-

182 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

ing the year 213 meetings and demonstrations were held, at which 11.573 persons
attended. Men from the College of Agriculture and Department of Agriculture
assisted in seventy-three of these meetings.

Seeing is believing. Never was this truer than in its application to Farm
Bureau work. The success of agricultural extension is in proportion to the
number of practical field demonstrations which carry the message home to the
farmer. \\'ith this in view the Farm .\dvisor planned and conducted eighty-nine
fielcl demonstrations during the past year. Five thousand seven hundred sixty-
four farmers came to these field meetings. .\s the work progresses these meetings
are becoming more popular, as is shown by the larger average attendance at dem-
onstrations this year than last. Among the subjects taken up during the year
were :

Eight cover crop demonstration plots were located in the citrus belt, covering
27S acres. Five meetings were held with an attendance of 129. These'plots show
the effect of cover crops on the physical condition of the soil, the relation of
time of seeding, amount of seed and amount of water used, to the yield.

The Bureau of Plant Industry has given assistance in diseases of the potato
and tomato. Demonstrations, showing the nature of various diseases, especially
the JNIosaic, Rhizactonia and other fungus diseases in both crops have been held.
The potato industry is very small in the county, but tomato growing for seed
is reaching large proportions.

Fusarium in peppers has been shown to be a soil disease requiring rotation
of crops. This disease is becoming more serious each year. The pepper acreage
is growing — about 6,000 acres this year.

Bean seed selection is one of our most important projects. Growers in the
past have given too little attention to the quality and pedigree of the seed from
which they expect large returns. The attention of the farmer is being brought
to the need of better seed, and selection from vigorous, prolific plants.

A cow testing department of the Bureau has been organized. There are
fourteen members with 502 cows. The cow tester visits and tests each herd once
a month. The Countv Agent is planning a series of dairymen's meetings to
bring about a closer relationship between the dairies of the county and encourage
the industry as inuch as possible. The expansion of the dairy industry is one
of the solutions of the fertilizer problems in the citrus belt. The time is coming
when the farmer will consider the stock farm a necessary adjunct to fruit
growing more than he appreciates now.

Five commercial poultry plants have been located for demonstration \)uv-
poses in the county to cooperate with the Poultry Department of the University
in keeping data as to egg production, feeds, etc. During the year there have
been thirteen culling demonstrations. There are 11,000 birds included in the
five demonstration plants. The poultry industry in the county is growing and is
deserving of considerable attention in the way of flock improvement. The farmers
are showing considerable interest in these culling deinonstrations, and as a result
we expect to improve the average flock considerably. Three poultry disease
demonstrations were held at which an expert from the Pathological Department
of the State College of .-Vgriculture demonstrated the treatment for chicken pox.

As has been explained in a former paragraph, drainage is one of the most
important projects before the Farm Bureau. Eight drainage demonstrations
have been held and four special meetings. The area in the four drainage dis-
tricts under way of organization is 18.000 acres. The Farm Advisor has con-
tinually emphasized the necessity and advantage of drainage in reclaiming alkaline
salts, the only practical means of properly carrying away the salts from the land.
About one-fourth of the farm visits made by the Farm Advisor have been in
relation to the problem of reclaiming alkaline soils.

The economical use of water and obtaining the maximum duty of irrigation
water is receiving considerable attention from the fanner in Orange County.
^^'ater is the limiting factor in the production of crops here. It is largely pumped

IITSTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY 183

and brought in through the expensive canal system, and therefore it behooves
the farmers to arrange it so as to obtain its maximum duty, because of the high
vahie of this water. In many cases the Farm Advisor has tested soils for
moisture and found that either too much or too little had been used, owing to the
wrong method of irrigation, or the time allowed for irrigation. The use of a
soil auger has been advised in every orchard visited, to determine the depth of
moisture, penetration, and the length of time for each application. Four soil
moisture demonstrations were held during the year, at which the use of the soil
auger., various methods of water application, and the time used in running- the
water in furrows or checks were exemplified.

\\'ith the aid of the Farm Account Expert from the I'niversity. 102 books
have been started by the Farm Accountant or the Farm .Vdvisor personally. It
was found that most of the farmers of the county are employing one method or
another of keeping books, but in most cases their S}'stems are more complicated
than the one suggested by the University. Eight Farm Account Demonstra-
tion meetings were held during the year, at which the farmer was instructed in
the value of bookkeeping and the simplicity of the method recommended by
the University. The Farm Advisor expects to place at least fifty books more
in the county during the next two months.

It is becoming a fact now that bud selection in trees is as important as
cow testing in a dairy. The trees have to be bred up as well as stock, in order
to obtain the best returns. The Farm Bureau has been alert to this necessity
and has -been guiding the orchardist along that line. Three orchards have been
located by the Farm Advisor for the purpose of showing the value of bud selec-
tion, marking trees, and tree performance records. The citrus men of the
county, especially, are much concerned in this project. In going over the county,
we can pick out one orchard after another in which the trees are not bringing
the desired returns. Although every care has been given them in orchard man-
agement they do not respond. Such trees in most cases have been developed
from buds taken from non-bearing stock. The Farm Bureau expects to cooperate
with the riant Physiologist of the Department of Agriculture through the
coming year and bring before the farmers of the county all records and data
that may be furnished by the plots conducted by the Department.

Among the most popular demonstrations that have been conducted by the
Farm Advisor during the year are the pruning demonstrations, inasmuch as a
large portion of the county is devoted to horticultural interests. Six citrus
pruning demonstrations, nine deciduous pruning demonstrations, and one walnut
demonstration were held during the year. At some of these demonstrations mem-
bers of the Pomological Department and the Citrus Experiment Station assisted.
In the deciduous work the long system of pruning has been advocated over the
old system of heading back. Demonstration trees have been located in four
orchards of the county, where the comparison between the two systems may
be observed.

Two demonstrations were held showing the effect of arsenical poisoning in
the control of the morning glory. These demonstrations have not given satis-
factory results. The application of liquid arsenical poisoning has not proven
to give any better results than a very deep cultivation. However, we have been
able to show the farmer that he may use the poisoning as a substitute for culti-
vation under our conditions here, but that he must not allow the growing plant
to develop above the surface of the ground. If he would substitute spraying
for cultivation, he must do the same with absolute regularity so as to finall\-
choke the life out of the weed in question.

The new liquid gas method of fumigation is revolutionizing the fumigation
methods of the county. The Farm Bureau has been instrumental in disseminat-
ing the latest information, both chemical and field methods, to the citrus growers
of the county, 'i'he members of the Experiment Station Stafif and I'nitcd
Stales Department cif .Agriculture, liaving this work in charge, have cooperated

184 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

fully with the Farm Bureau during the year in promoting this new system. Two
special fumigation meetings were held at which the new method of applying the
gas was shown.

The walnut growers of the county are facing a very serious pest in the codling
moth, inasmuch as fifty per cent of the fruit of some groves has been infested.
The Experiment Station has been working on a dust spray for the purpose of
controlling the walnut worm. Six demonstrations were held during the year,
showing the method of mixing and applying the arsenical dust spray for this
purpose.

A very destructive pest infesting the beet and garden truck fields of the
county is the soil nematode. The Farm Bureau is conducting a demonstration
plot in the sugar beet section in which substitute crops are being planted for
the purpose of demonstrating their resistance to the nematode, and also their
adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the county, ^^■ith the coopera-
tion of the Bureau of Plant Industry, it is hoped to work out a satisfactory
system of rotation by which the nematode infestation may be overcome.

A very satisfactory tractor demonstration was held in connection with the
annual meeting of the Farm Bureau. Ten tractors were on the ground, showing
many desirable features, and also demonstrating their class of work. Two thou-
sand two hundred people visited this tractor show. The Farm Advisor is also
arranging three special meetings at which repairing and the upkeep of the farm
tractor will be discussed by University experts.

EHiring the last days of the war. last fall and winter, the Farm Bureau
appealed to the barley growers of the county to plant a larger acreage to wheat.
The farmers responded nobly. Instead of the average planting of 700 acres in
the county as usual, they came forth with 4,400 acres, an increase of 600 per
cent. The use of Defiance wheat has been urged, as it is quite rust resistant.
The valley in which our wheat is raised is very subject to rust disease. The yield
per acre in Orange County was very encouraging this year, in spite of the dry
season generally experienced.

The Citrus Experiment Station has made a survey of irrigation waters in
Orange County for the purpose of determining the prevalence and degree of
alkalinity both in well waters and rivers from which waters are taken. The
Farm Advisor gave considerable time to collecting samples and getting the
farmers and water companies in general to take advantage of this survey. Some
injurious water was located through this analysis, and farmers warned not to use
same in large quantities for irrigation purposes.

The high values of land in the county make it practically impossible for
the farmer to' borrow to the extent that he may need help. He is limited to a
SIO.OOO loan on a valuation not to exceed $400 per acre. This amount should
be greatly increased, at least on citrus and walnut property. The Farm Advisor
has assisted in placing six loans with the Farm Loan Bank during the year.

The following is a numerical recapitulation of the Farm .Advisor's activities
during 1919: :\Iiles traveled by auto, 13,380; miles traveled by railroad, 1,49.=;:
office calls on agent, 1,362; letters written, 1.230; circulars and notices, 12.640;
farm vi.sits, 1,101; meetings and demonstrations, 213; total attendance, 11. .^73:
telephone calls, 1,19.^.

The Directors of the Orange County Farm Bureau have been the stanch
support of the County Agent in his work. Whatever success has been accom-
plished by the Farm Bureau has been due to their unqualified cooperation and
determined efforts. Credit is also due the splendid cooperation of the Extension
and Station Staff of the College of Agriculture, and also the Department of
Agriculture.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTV 185

CHAPTER XXXV
POPULATION AND VALUATIONS

The question about the growth of a community is ahvays an interesting one
for the inhabitants thereof. Hence various methods have been devised, and are
in vogue in all communities, for estimating population at other times than when
a federal census is pending. Such estimates are based on the school census,
on the registration of voters, or on the names in a directory. Provision also
has been made in the state law for a special census to be taken at intervals
under control of the board of supervisors. To show the unreliability of such
estimates, and even of a special census, let us give a few recent examples, as
follows :

Just prior to the harbor bond election, June 10. 1910, the county clerk pul)-
lished the number of voters registered in each ])recinct in the county. .Applvini?'
the usual rule for estimating population from the registration, of two and a half
people to each voter, the number of inhabitants in each incorporated city in the
county would a])pear to be as follows:

Population of Cities

Names of Cities Registration Population

Anaheim 1.998 4,99.^

Brea 432 1,080

Fullerton 1.602 4.00.^

Huntington Beach 745 1 .86.3

Newport Beach 5?7 1.393

Orange 2.310 5.775

Santa Ana 7.224 18,060

Seal Beach 286 715

Stanton 161 403

If the total number of voters in tlie count}-, as registered by party affiliations,
were multiplied by two and a half, the product would make the population of
the county appear to be as follows :

Population of County

Names of Parties 1910 1918

Republican 12.169 11.715

Progressive 144 141

Democratic 5,679 5,477

Prohibition 1,702 1,680

SociaHst 511 500

Decline to state 2,861 2.565

Total Registration 23,066 22.078

Population of County 57.665 55,195

The opportunity to compare an estimate of population with an actual count
of the same is quite rare, for when the people have the count they do not need
the estimate. There are, however, two instances in which an indirect comparison
may be made, without any intention to flatter or disparage either place. In 1916
a special census of the township of Santa Ana, which is of immense area, dis-
closed only 16,602 people in the whole township: now three years later the esti-
mate based on registration gives the city itself a population of 18,060. In the
same year, 1916. a special census of the city of .A.naheim showed a population
of 5,163 ; now three years later the estimate based on registration gives the city
covering the same territory, a population of only 4.905. \\'hile the city of Santa

186 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Ana has undoubtedly made a good growth in the past three years, it is hard to
heheve that she made the giant strides indicated by the foregoing figures at a
time when the whole country was hampered by the restrictions of war. On the
other hand it is absolutely impossible to believe that the city of .-Anaheim, without
disaster of any kind and with all the evidences of prosperity, has actuallv lost
168 in population during the same three years. These two examples, similar in
length of time between the count and the estimate and in the method of making
the estimate, will suffice to illustrate, by the opposite results obtained, the uncer-
tainty of estimates of population.

Since the foregoing discussion of estimates of population was written, a
census of Anaheim township has been taken, under the authority of the board
of supervisors, which credits that township with a population of 9,241. Then,
as if to disparage Anaheim's special census and the estimates of both cities,
along came the federal census about August 12, 1920, with a population of 6.936
for Anaheim township, instead of 9,241 reported in the special census, and 5,526
for the city of Anaheim, instead of 4.995 given in the estimate on registration,
and with a population of 15.485 for the city of Santa Ana, instead of 18,060 given
in the estimate on registration.

Most people have heard the old chestnut about the farmer who could count
all his pigs except a little black one that wouldn't stand still long enough to be
counted. It seems as though the counting of the people living in a given territory
would be a comparatively easy task; so it would be, if the censustaker could
always find everybody at home when he calls. There are certain data about
each person, required in the enumeration, that he alone can give with any degree
of accuracy : hence the censustaker must often make a second or third visit
before he can secure a personal interview with some of the people. The work
of census taking is not so pleasant and profitable as to attract many applicants,
for the Government had difficulty in getting enough to fill the positions. How-
ever, the field work has been completed and. while the results are not up to the
expectations of most people. }et they show a consistent growth all along the
line in Orange County.

The population of the county, and of each of the nine incorporated cities,
as given by each federal census back to the organization of the county, or at least
as far back as each city's record goes, is as follows:
County and Cities 1920

( )range Count}' 61,375

Anaheim 5,526

Rrea 1,037

Fullerton 4,415

Huntington Beach 1,687

Newport Reach 898

Orange 4,884

Santa Ana 15,485

Seal Beach 669

Stanton 695

The population of each of the eighteen townships, as given by each federal
census back to the organization of the county, or at least as far back as each
township's record goes, is as follows :
Townships 1020 1910 1900 1890

Anaheim 6.936 4.051 2.261 2.917

Brea 2.515

Buena Park 947 1.441 995

Fullerton 5.037 4.984 1,719

Huntington I'.each 3,363 1,058

Laguna Beach 363

La Habra 1,911

Los Alamitos . . 620 499 253

1910

1900

1890

34.436

19.696

13,589

2,628

1,456

1,273

1.725
815

445

2.920

1.216

866

8.429

4.933

3,628

5'.430

3,293

2,721

Qfi/
11,501

' '903
6,680

"soi

4,220

4,023

4/7

3,300
290

V.854

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COL-XTV

Newport Beach 1,300

Orange 8,134

Placentia 3,619

San Juan " 1 ,064

Santa Ana \7 ,777

Seal Beach 669

Stanton 695

Tustin 1,681

Westminster 4,181

Vorba 563

Sucli are the plain figures of the federal census of Orange Count_v and its
subdivisions, without comparisons, percentages or qualifications of any kind. Each
person can make his own comparisons or percentages, according to the point he
wishes to make ; but they should not be made in any invidious spirit, for, as
Admiral Schley said of the naval victory at Santiago de Cuba, "There's glorv
enough in it for us all."

"Comparisons are odious," because they are too often made with im])roper
motives, to crow over or sneer at a competitor, without taking into account the
real reason for his getting ahead or falling behind in the race. There is, however,
a legitimate use of comparison in argument, "to point a moral or adorn a tale."
For instance, the comparison of the growth of Anaheim with that of Orange,
while they were t\pica! "wet" and "dry" cities respectively, with practically the
same area and other similar conditions, was a fair argument against the influence
of the saloon upon the growth of a city. Orange, starting behind the "Mother
Colony," caught up with and passed her in 1910, and would doubtless have con-
tinued in the lead, had the conditions remained the same : but Anaheim, discard-
ing her saloons and securing a sugar factory, together with the development of
the oil industry in her vicinity, outstripped Orange in the 1920 census. In like
manner the growth of Orange County might be compared with that of River-
side County, its nearest competitor; but the conditions of the two counties are
not the same, and the comparison would serve no good purpose.

Perhaps the best way to exhibit the material resources of the county and
to show how they have been developed by the people, is to present the valuations
of the property in the county and in its ])rincipal subdivisions, as fixed bv the
county assessor for the purpose of taxation.

. The present constitution of California, adopted in 187'J, started out with
the plan of requiring all property, with very few exceptions, to pay taxes for
the support of the government. To this end, and to equalize the burden of state
taxation pro rata among the counties, it was required that "all taxable property
iTiust be assessed at its full cash value." Biennially the legislature adopted one
or more amendinents to the constitution exempting large blocks of property from
taxation. The county assessors throughout the state, in spite of efforts of the
state board of equalization to hold assessments up to the constitutional rec|uire-
ment, gradually lowered them to protect their constituents against paving an
undue proportion of the state taxes.

An amendment to the state constitution, authorizing the separation of state
and local taxation, was adopted by the legislature of 1909, having been under
consideration since 1905. This measure does away with the necessity for the
same valuations among the counties on account of state ta.xes, since such taxes
have been shifted thereby from taxpayers generally to public service and other
corporations. On the other hand, it is immaterial whether assessments are high
or low within a single county or district for local taxation, since, if they are
high, the tax rate will be low, or vice versa, to raise the necessary amount of
money ; but, of course, individual holdings within the county or district must
be similarly assessed according to the quantity, quality and other conditions of
such holdings.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Each county assessor, at least each conscientious, faithful one, being thus
practically released from the obligation to assess property at its full cash value,
tries to find a happy medium that will produce the necessary amount of taxes
without too high a rate and that will appear to all reasonable taxpayers to be
fair and just. Hence independent action among the counties must produce vari-
able results as to per cent, even if all could agree on the basis of "full cash
value" ; but it is safe to say that property is generally assessed away below its
market value in all the counties of the state. For instance, the Los Angeles
papers, in announcing the amount of the 1920 assessment of their county,
claimed that said amount was only forty-two per cent of the real value of the
property thus assessed.

Following are the official valuations of the property of Orange County and
its principal subdivisions, exclusive of operative property, which consists of
public service and other corporations and is reserved for state taxation. What
per cent of the full cash value of the property tliese valuations represent, depo-
nent saith not ; Ijut they answer very well as a basis for local taxation.

Valuation of County

Names of Items 1020 1910 Increase

Operative Property $ .5.498,275 $4,548,930 $ 949.345

Non-Operative Property 103.579,645 87,129,900 16,449,745

\'aluation of County $109,077,020 $01,678,830 $17,300,090

Valuation of Cities

Names of Cities 1920 1919 Increase

Anaheim $ 3,017,415 $ 2,130,020 $ 887,395

Brea 718,880 594,550 124,330

Fullerton 19,558,695 20,015,805 ' -457,1 10

Huntington Beach 1,023,635 099,650 23,085

Newport Beach 1,289,685 1,117,445 172,240

Orange 3,034,980 2,311,580 723.400

Santa Ana 9,076,950 7,474,535 1 .602.415

Seal Beach 638,755 630.270 8,485

Stanton 629,335 472,640 156,695

^'aluation of Cities $ 38,988,330 .$35,746,495 $ 3,241.835

Valuation of High Schools

Names of High Schools 1920 1919 Increase

Anaheim Union $ 7,742,035 $ 5,384,590 $ 2.357,445

Capistrano Union 1,723,215 1,723,215

Fullerton Union 46,985,505 40,934,920 6,050,585

Huntington Beach Union 5,677,400 5,154,980 522,420

Orange Union 10,296,620 7,006,525 3,290,095

Santa Ana High 9,076,950 7,474,535 1.602,415

Total \-aluations $ 81.501,725 $65,955,550 $15,546,175

Valuation of School Districts

Names of School Districts 1920 1919 Increase

Alamitos $ 525,850 $ 425,710 $ 100,140

Anaheim 4,885,070 3,500,980 1 .384.090

Bay Citv 1,009,555 959,145 50.410

Brea ' 6,478,200 5,669,210 808,900

Bolsa 423,425 319,255 104,170

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTV 189

LUiena Park 1,958.710 1,789.370 169,340

Centralia 627,025 459.490 167.535

Commonwealth 639.470 406.155 233.31^

Cypress 430,100 335,71? 94.385

Delhi 1,131,970 1,242.120 *110.150

Diamond 321,455 249,345 72,1 10

El Modena 1.873,150 1.241,330 631,820

El Toro 523,980 458.490 65.490

Fairview 554,290 431.150 123.140

Fountain \'allev 597.030 491,610 105,420

Fullerton 20.105.755 10,081,605 10.024,150

Garden Grove 1,452.385 1.060,555 391,830

Greenville 462.740 360,985 101,755

Harper 500,235 387.320 112,915

Huntington Heach 2,137,895 2,164,640 *26,745

Katella 1,150,355 772,905 377.450

Faguna 738,975 601,190 137,785

Fa Hahra 3.505,540 5.897,930 -2.392,390

Faurel 705,200 867,015 ^^-igigl?

Foara 1.049,625 646,460 403.165

Fowell loint 692,660 584,125 108,535

r^Iagnolia 656,985 464,245 192,740

X^ewhope 177,900 167,580 10.320

:Vewport Beach 1.368.425 1.177,730 190,695

Ocean View 838.030 595.335 242.495

Olinda 3.856,445 3,632.345 224.100

Olive 1.758,415 1,110.200 648,215

Orange 5,304,105 3,803,645 1.500.460

Orangethorpe 1,231,970 7,996,515 *6,764,545

Paularino 349,550 266,940 82.610

Peralta .' 335,505 206.825 129.680

I'lacentia 7.536.820 6.787.660 749,160

Richfield 721,575 199.390 .522.185

San Joaquin 4,738,720 3.598.880 1 .139.840

San Juan 1,479,570 1.200.230 279,340

Santa Ana 9,076,950 7.474.535 1.602,415

Savanna 196,390 151.055 45,335

Serra 243,645 207.970 35,675

Silverado 164,440 146.025 18.415

Springdale 430,600 377.520 53.080

'IVahuco 186.095 160.895 25,200

Tustin 4,496,455 3.092.500 1.403,955

Villa Park 1.360,950 851,350 509.600

Westminster 664.290 566.530 97,760

Vorha • 974,150 819.730 154.420

^'c.rba Finda : 951,020 670.265 280,755

Totals of School Districts $103,579,645 $87,129,000 $16,449,745

*Decrease by forming new districts or other causes.

The foregoing tables of population and valuations tell a wonderful story of

Orange County's growth and development in the past thirty years. Only where
many and varied natural resources abound and where the people are industrious
and enterprising could such progress be made. The tables also show that the
population and wealth are widely distributed over the county, thereby maintaining
the ideal state of a maximum of producers and a minimum of parasites, which

condition made France so prosperous before being devastated l)y war. Tlie iieoijle.

190 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

as a rule, believe in the eternal verities and practice the old-fashioned virtues that
make them dependable and good citizens in every way. They, almost without
exception, own their homes and other property free of encumbrance, and figura-
tively fulfill the prophecy of ]\Iicah, when he foretold the glory, peace and victory
of the church, as follows :

"Rut thev shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and
none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the Lord of hosts hath spoken it."

Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce's Estimated Value of Important
Products for 1919

Apricots $ 200,000

Apples 50,000

Avocados 13.000

Beans (90 per cent Limas) 3,000,000

Bees and Honey 73,000

Berries (all kinds ) 123,000

Celerv 100,000

Dairy Products 350,000

Fish (salt water) 100,000

Fruits (miscellaneous ) 500,000

Grain ( barlev. corn, wheat, etc. ) 1.000,000

Hav (alfalfa, barlev, oat. bean, etc.) 2.000.000

Lemons 3,500.000

Livestock 1.500,000

Loquats 37,500

Nursery Stock 500,000

Oil, Gasoline and Natural Gas 31,273.000

Olives and Olive Oil 125.000

Oranges 12,000,000

Peppers ' 1,125,000

Persimmons 25,000

Poultry and Eggs 1.500.000

Potatoes— Irish and Sweet 930.000

Sugar and Bv-products : 10,300,000

Tomatoes and Tomato Seed 350.000

Vegetables (miscellaneous) 500.000

Walnuts (California) 5.750,000

Total $77,152,500

1913 Grand Total Prbduction $32,769,000

1914 Grand Total Production 31,800,000

1915 Grand Total Production 35,711,500

1916 Grand Total Production 40,746,323

1917 Grand Total Production 55746,823

1918 Grand Total Production 63,410,.^00

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 191

CHAPTER XXXVI

ANECDOTES AND INCIDENTS

About the year 18''4. while the supervisors were discussing the burden of the
law library upon the litigants, one of the members got the title twisted into "the
lie lawbray" ; and so it clung to him to the end of the discussion, in spite of his
etTorts to correct the lapsus linguae. In like manner, on another occasion, an old
gentleman appeared before the board and oiTered to sell the county a piece of
land in which it could bury its "indignant dead." "You mean indigent dead,"
suggested a supervisor. "No, I mean indignant dead," was the reply ; so no
further attempt w-as made at correcting the mispronunciation.

When the Orange County fruit growers had become very much alarmed at
the havoc the red scale (a new parasite at that time) was making in the San
Gabriel orchards, and questions of quarantine and other methods of protection
were under discussion, an aspirant for the position of horticultural commissioner
met a member of the board on the street with the peremptory prediction, "Mr.
Supervisor, them bugs must go." Suffice it to say that "them bugs" have largel}'
gone, not because of the pronunciamento against them, but because of the intelli-
gent, persistent fight against them by the fruit growers — they have been "gassed."

As the supervisors, composing the third board, were making up their lists
of trial jurors, in compliance with the orders of the judge of the Superior Court,
the member from the Fifth District quietly remarked that it would not do to
include any Populists among those selected. "Why not?" asked the member
from the Second District, wdio, though a Democrat, was populistically inclined.
"Because," the Fifth member replied, "the law requires persons selected for jury
duty to have ordinary intelligence." It is needless to add that this sally provoked
a hearty laugh, in which the Second member joined.

Early in the history of Orange County the Bolsa drainage ditch was con-
structed under the control of the supervisors, as described in the chapter on the
celery industry. iThe two principal objectors to the work were F. R. Hazard and
J. L. Holly. They fought the improvement at every step and took their case to
the Supreme Court, but all in vain. A few years ago the former supervisor
from the Fourth District was introduced to Airs. Holly at a meeting of the Orange
County \"eterans' Association and received a rather equivocal greeting. "Armor !"
she exclaimed, "I used to think you were the very devil." He replied: "Doubt-
k's- you liave heard that the devil is not so black as he has been painted. Besides,
the ile\el(ii)ment of that section of the county has more than justified the con-
struction of the Bolsa ditch." "Oh, well !" she said, "It's all over now and we"ll
not ciuarrel further about it: but it was pretty tough at the time."

Tim Carroll, the inventor of the beet dump and- pioneer nurseryman of
.•\naheim, went before the board of supervisors, sitting as a board of equaliza-
tion, to get the assessment, which Jake Ross had put upon his nursery stock, re-
duced. He said his stock consisted of old stubs of pafm, pampas grass and left-
over trees that were not w^orth the cost of clearing the ground. The assessor
pointed out that there were enough salable trees in the nursery to justify the
assessment without taking account of the worthless stock : so the board refused to
make any reduction. In taking his leave, the redoubtable Tim expressed his
opinion of the personnel of the board by remarking. "The whole foive of ve
haven't sinse enough to make one dacent supervisor."

When the supervisors were considering a certain date to which they might
adjourn, one of the members objected because that was the date set for President
Harrison's visit to Orange County. "What interest can you, a Democrat, have
in a Republican president's visit?" a bystander asked. "He's m\- president." was
the dignified answer. The rebuke in those three words silenced all levity and
imparted a lesson in good citizenshi]i without preachment. In a republican or
representative form of government, the will, (ir choice, of the majoritv must be

192 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

acquiesced in by the minority, in order to avoid factional strife. On the other
hand the officer, thus chosen, should sedulously represent the whole people within
his jurisdiction. The president, for instance, should so conduct his administration
t4iat every citizen, without regard to party affiliation, would instinctively regard
him as "my president," and not clannishly as the head of a political party.

In a conversation with the writer over another subject, James McFadden
casually mentioned the following incident as a reason why he thought he might
have some influence with the editor of the Los Angeles Times in shaping the
attitude of the paper toward that subject. Shortly after the Times was started in
Los Angeles and had taken its stand against the closed shop, Air. McFadden met
Colonel Otis, its founder and editor, at the seashore and noticed that he seemed
quite despondent. On being asked for the reason. Colonel Otis said that the
Typographical Union had prejudiced and intimidated the money market against
his undertaking so that he could not borrow a dollar and he must have money
to keep going until the patronage would meet the expenses. Mr. McFadden
immediately oiTered to loan him the money and the offer was gladly accepted.
Thus did a citizen of what is now Orange County help to establish the Los
Angeles Times and foster it until able to go alone. Long since has the paper
justified the wisdom of its founder, not only in its own marvelous growth, but
also in the stupendous growth of its home city, which it has sturdily defended
for nearly forty years against the blighting influence of the closed shop. Because
of the city's open shop policy, millions of dollars have come to Los Angeles from
the East for investment and other millions have left San Francisco and moved
thither. Where large amounts of capital are invested in the industries, there
thousands of workmen find employment and thus increase the population of the
community as well as utilize the capital invested therein. If "he who causes two
blades of grass to grow where one grew before is a public benefactor," much
more is he who helps to establish institutions and maintain policies that oppose
the domination of one class over another but encourage cooperation and helpful-
ness among all classes, "and on earth peace, good will toward men."

During the term of the second board of supervisors, the people of Anaheim
got up a Fourth of July celebration and invited the board of supervisors to par-
ticipate in the parade, which at that early date would consist entirely of carriages
and other vehicles drawn by horses. When the marshal, who was superintending
the loading of vehicles and getting them into line, looked for the barouche that
Avas designed for the supervisors, he found that it had been appropriated by some
other dignitaries, so he bundled the supervisors into the first conveyance that came
to hand. After tlie parade had taken up its line of march, an urchin called out
from the sidewalk, "Oh, look at that bunch of stiffs in the undertaker's runabout !"
Immediately Supervisor Schorn had the driver stop the team, and the whole line
of march, while he scrambled to the ground and disappeared among the pedestrians.

A county free library was established by the board of supervisors on Decem-
ber 0, 1919.

For about fifteen years the Pacific States (formerly the Sunset) Telephone
Company fought the Home Telephone Company to prevent it from entering
Orange County, or from increasing its business after it had entered. Finalh',
with the consent of the Railroad Commission, it succeeded in merging the two
companies, that is. in absorbing the Home Company. The Railroad Commission
also permitted the Pacific Company to raise its rates and to cut out the free switch-
ing between exchanges. When, however, the Federal Government took over the
wires and granted the same privileges to the telephone company, the state coin-
mission withdrew its consent and tried to maintain its control ; but the courts
ruled against it. \\'hile these questions were pending, the telephone company
added twenty-five cents to each phone rate, making it $1.75 per month for a resi-
dence phone and $2.75 for a business phone. This increase probably netted the
company not less than $1,800 per month, or $21,600 per year, in this county alone,
without including the gain from the Home subscribers at the basic rates of $L50

IIISTORY OF URAXGE C(.)L'.\'1'V W3

for residence and $2.50 for business phones. Such an increase of rates and sub-
scribers ought to have satisfied the company ; but no sooner was the Federal Gov-
ernment's control of the wires established than the company added another quarter
to the residence rate and a whole dollar to the business rate, making them re-
spectively $2.00 and $3.75, under the plea that such were the Government's orders
and the company could not do otherwise. ■Many individuals ordered their phones
out and others exercised their constitutional right "to freely assemble together to
consult for the common good." After much consultation they decided to form
a mutual telephone company, to be operated without profit, and applied to the
secretary of state for a charter. Jileanwhile lists were circulated and signed by
more than half the company's subscribers ordering their phones out, some un-
conditionally and others when the new company was ready to give them service.
The charter was refused under .the advice of the attorney-general, on the ground
that the new company is not a stock company, as he understands the law recjuires
such a company to be. A state charter was finally secured, however, and the first
unit of the exchange is to be eonstructed at Garden Grove.

The forming of districts for various purposes enables communities to secure
some of the benefits of city government without taking over the whole responsi-
bility. For instance, in going over the supervisors' minutes, the number 'of dis-
tricts, other tlian school districts, was found to be approximately as follows, viz. :
Five drainage districts, one sanitary district, seven lighting districts, one irrigation
district, three library districts and seven protection districts. Where considerable
money is needed to carry out the purpose for which a district was organized it is
generally obtained by bonding the district. Take the irrigation district in the
foregoing list as an example. The Newport IMesa Irrigation District contains
nearly 700 acres of land on the Newport mesa between the boulevard and the
bluffs overlooking the Santa Ana River. This tract was dependent on a neighbor-
ing water system for irrigating water up to the season of 1919. Being unable to
get water any longer from that source, the land owners were in a quandary as
to how to save their trees and grow their crops, wdien Stephen Townsend of Long
Beach came to their relief. He advised them to form a district and while they
were doing so he put in a complete water system for them, consistijig of a well,
engine and pump near the river and steel pipelines to deliver the water all over
the tract. When the district was formed, the people voted to issue $50,000 bonds
with which to reimburse Mr. Townsend and thereby become owners of their
water system. These bonds sold under competitive bids at a premium of $1,578
to the Lumberman's Trust Company of San Francisco.

■ A small district was formed November 4, 1919, called the Fullerton Irriga-
tion District, and a full set of officers elected.

CHAPTER XXXVII
SOIL, CLIMATE AND WATER

Follow^ing is the summary of the soil survey of the .\naheim .\rca of Cali-
fornia, made by government engineers in 1916, Ijut just published in 1919 by the
U. S. Department of .-Kgriculture :

The soil survey of the Anaheim area covers the most important agricultural
part of Orange County. California, with smaller parts of adjoining counties. The
area lies southeast of Los Angeles and fronts on the Pacific Ocean. It is bounded
on the north and east by hilly sections that are largely too rough and broken for
agricultural use. It is joined on the north by the Pasadena area and on the west
by the Los Angeles area, which are covered by other soil surveys.

The Anaheim area embraces three physiographic divisions — the inclosing
broken hills on the north and east, remnants of somewhat elevated old valley
surfaces or marine terraces, which lie alons? the base of the hills or border the

194 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

ocean front and, as the most extensive division, broad, rather smooth and gently
sloping alluvial fans.

Elevations range from sea level in some coastal sections to a maximum of
1,600 feet in the hill portions. A large part of the area lies below 100 feet and
most of it below 200 feet in elevation.

The Santa Ana River crosses the main part of the area, and the San Gabriel
River crosses the western section. These streams directly drain only a small part
of the area, owing to their built-up position, which makes the entrance of lateral
streams difficult. Santiago Creek drains a part of the survey and flows into the
Santa Ana River, but the greater part of the run-off from the surrounding hills
and main valley slopes is carried largely by minor independent streams.

The area is thickly populated, and agriculture is by far the most important
industry. According to the census reports the area in 1910 had a population of
something less than 40,000, but the population has greatly increased in recent
vears. About sixty per cent of the population reside in the cities or towns, less
than one-half living under strictly rural conditions. Santa Ana, with a population
of 8,429 in 1910, is the largest city. There are a number of other cities and towns
in the -area ranging from several hundred to about 3,000 inhabitants.

Transportation facilities are good.

The area is well supplied with schools, telephones, and other modern con-
veniences.

The climate is very pleasant and favorable to the production of a wide range
of agricultural products. The average annual rainfall ranges from ten to fifteen
inches in dififerent parts of the survey, while the mean annual temperature aver-
ages about 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Danger from frost influences the distribution
of citrus and other fruits, the higher land being least susceptible to damage. A
growing season of about ten months is available for sensitive crops, while the
hardy crops can be grown throughout the year.

The rainfall is confined to the winter months, and this has an important
bearing on agricultural practices and renders irrigation necessary for many fruits
and field crops which make their greatest growth during the summer season.

The agriculture of the area is highly developed. !Most of the products are
highly specialized and are grown for export rather than for local consumption.
Chief among the products are oranges, lemons, and walnuts, with some deciduous
fruits. Beans are an important field crop, and large quantities of sugar beets are
utilized by local factories. Grain and grain hay cover large acreages. Subsidiary
crops and industries, such as truck crops, dairying, and poultry raisuig, are locally
important. The region is one of high average land prices.

The soils of the Anaheim area fall mainly in three general groups — residual
soils, old valley filling or coastal plain soils, and recent alluvial soils.

The first group includes those soils derived in place by the weathering and
disintegration of consolidated rocks, and usually occupies rolling or mountainous
areas. Tillable areas are used largely for grain and hay production. The residual
soils are inextensive. They are classed with the Altamont and the Diablo series.

The soils derived from old valley filling or coastal plain deposits are relatively
extensive. They are grouped in the Ramona, ^lontezuma, and Antioch series.
These series are intermediate in elevation between the recent alluvial soils and the
residual .soils. The Montezuma and Antioch soils are not important agriculturally.
They are irrigated to only a small extent, being used principally for dry-farm
crops, mainly beans and grain. The Ramona soils are irrigated in many places,
and large plantings of citrus fruits have been made. Most of the orchards are
still young.

The recent-alluvial soils are the most important, both in extent 'and agricul-
tural use. These soils are in places subject to overflow or accumulation of alkali,
but, on the whole, are very valuable farming types, having a smooth surface, a
deep, friable soil, and sub.soil conditions favoring deep-rooted crops. The facilities

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 195

for irrigation are good. These soils are grouped in the Hanford, Yolo, Dublin,
and Chino series.

Several groups of miscellaneous material also are mapped, one of which,
muck and peat, consisting of cumulose deposits, is productive when drained. The
other miscellaneous types, tidal marsh, coastal beach and dunesand, riverwash,
and rough, broken and stony land are practically all nonagricultural.

Irrigation is an important factor in the agriculture of the area, as most of
the fruits and many other crops require it. In 1910 there were 2,215 irrigated
farms, or about seventy per cent of the total number in Orange County. The
recent alluvial soils are most extensively irrigated, although important parts of
the old valley filling and coastal plain soils also are watered.

Parts of this survey are affected by a high water table and consecjuent injurious
accumulations of alkali. Alost of the alkali land is tilled and used mainly for the
production of sugar beets. Considerable effort has been made to reclaim the
alkali lands and make them nnore productive.

While the technical classification of the soils of Orange County, as given
in the foregoing survey, may not be of much practical benefit to the tillers of said
soils, the general information furnished therewith about them and other
characteristics of the county is worth while to all who have not observed the facts
and undergone the experiences for themselves. The soils of the county, composed
of particles of air-and-water-slaked rocks washed down from the mountains, are
of infinite variety and limitless depth without any hardpan intervening. The
writer has removed pepper roots from a well twenty feet distant from the tree
whose roots penetrated the brick curb thirty feet below the surface. He also
has traced alfalfa roots to a depth of twenty-one feet. Forty-five years ago
"Prophet Potts" declared such soils were absolutely inexhaustible; but now we
know better. The soils, when first precipitated on the mesas and lowlands as
disintegrated rocks, had no humus, or vegetable mold in them ; but the growth
and decay of vegetation, once started and continued for ages, has supplied this
ingredient to the top soil for a depth of several feet. Now, as this humus is being
exhausted, the farmers and orchardists find it necessary to supply cover crops,
straws and other vegetable matter to be turned into humus. Thus, with a good
foundation to build on, the soil of Orange County can be kept inexhaustible by
supplying it with the proper plant food wdien needed.

Climate is "the temperature and meteorological conditions of a country."
Temperature is "the state of a body with respect to sensible heat." Meteorology
is "the science of the atmosphere and its various phenomena." The atmosphere is
"the aeriform fluid surrounding the earth." Hence, for all practical purposes,
climate is the temperature of the air of a country. As an illustration of the
volatile equalization of temperature, it has been stated that the entrance of a
person into a room would immediately raise the temperature of every object in
the room. Along the same line and assisting in the equalization of temperature,
is the principle of the diffusion of gases, whereby different portions of air from
various sources quietly combine and form a compound of mean or average tem-
perature and of less harmful character than either of them might be, if laden
with some foul gas from wdiich the other is free. The writer has frequently
ridden, after sundown, through a strip of air warmer than the rest of the air
through which he was traveling. This air was being warmed by heat radiating
from a strip of warmer soil and had not yet mingled with the surrounding air.
\\'hen this radiating heat is great and from a large area of territory, the heated
air above such territory rises and the cooler air ru.shes in, thereby creating wind,
which hastens the equalization of the temperature and the purification of the
atmosphere. The latitude of Orange County under a southern sky, its distance
from the mountains, snow-capped in winter, and its proximity to the mild Pacific
Ocean, the character of its soil for absorbing and radiating the heat of the sun, the
direction of its prevailing winds and many other conditions, all tend to modifv the

196

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUXTY

extremes of temperature and give to this county an equable climate. Doctor Coyle,
moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly at Los Angeles several years
ago, turned a neat compliment upon Southern California when he said it was "the
land where three hundred and sixty-five days of each year were sunshiny and the
rest were unusual."

The chapter on Orange County's Water Supply gives the rainfall of the
entire basin of the Santa Ana River for thirty years up to 1900. Following is a
table of the rainfall of Orange County from July 1, 1900 to July 1, 1920.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.
.15
1.46

.21
.25
.32
.14

1.43
.43
.09

1.27
.19
.63
.02

2.76
.01

1.45
.18

4.96

.80

8.24

.25

.84

.04

1.42

4.42

2.90

3.43

.76
2.43

Jan.
3.49
1.47
1.70

.22
1.16
2 60
5.73
4.79
6 14
1.24
4.68

.19
1.34
7.03
5.54
12.23
2.26
1.20

Feb.
3 24
3.08
1.52

5.52
1.77
3.00
2.78
3.43

3.81
5.31
1.55
3.13
3,66
1.46
3.82

.48
3.41
7.41
3.60
4.57
6.38
3.28

.25
4.26
2.06
2.65
4 00

.55

.40
1.20

.28
5.15
1 60
4.67

April

.57
.19
1.56
.93
.10
.50
.27
.48

1.92
.32

1 18
.96
.07
.47
,06
.53
.66

May

.85
.07

.14
1.07
1.55

June
.04
.07

Total
12.90
10.24
16.44
7.24
14.44
18.57
19,18
10.72
17.55
13.29
13.07
8.92
9.10
16.81
20.83
18.98
12.03
10.91

Average annual rainfall for twenty years from 1500 to 1920, 13.81 inches.

Average annual rainfall for fifty years from 1870 to 1920, 13.84 inches.

In the former period, prior to 1900, the average annual rainfall at Orange
was 13.87 inches, or si.x hundredths of an inch more than that of the latter
period, since 1900 : but it is remarkable that the two averages should come so near
together. It shows that, whatever variation there may be in the rainfall from
year to year, it averages up like the manna did for the children of Israel : "He
that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack."
However, much better use has been made of the rainfall in the latter period than
in the former. Large quantities of flood waters have been diverted from the
streams near their source each winter and run on debris cones and waste land to
fill the underground gravel strata and drain later into the streams lower down,
or be pumped from the gravel basins for summer irrigation. The number of
mumping plants in the county has increased from 509 in 1910 to 1,283 in 1920. In

HISTORY OK ORAXGR CoL'XTV 197

all probability the capacity of the imlivifkial pumping plants has increased as
well as the number, for the county assessor valued the 1,285. plants at $3.85.5,000,
an average of $3,000 apiece. The effect of this increase in pumping plants is seen
in the increase of irrigated land in the county. According to a preliminary report
by the Bureau of the Census, there are 86,060 acres of land in Orange County
under irrigation. In 1910 the number of irrigated acres was 55,060, which sub-
tracted from the present acreage shows a gain of 31,000 acres, or fifty-six per
cent, in the ten years. But in 1910 the number of pumping plants was 509, which
subtracted from the present number shows a gain of 776 plants, or 152 per cent,
in the same ten years. That is, there has been a greater per cent of gain in pump-
ing plants than in irrigated land ; which would prove that the increase in ]3umping
plants was a sufficient cause for the increase in irrigated land.

A number of citizens of San Bernardino, Riverside and Orange counties,
realizing that more can be done towards conserving the winter flood waters of
the Santa Ana River and preventing damage therefrom to riparian lands near
the coast, undertook to form a conservancy district of the entire basin of the
stream ; but the "Conservancy Act of California" was found to be of doubtful
constitutionality and otherwise objectionable. The committee, which had been
appointed to devise a plan for the formation of the district, accordingly submitted
the question of the sufficiency of the act to Loyal C. Kelley, T. W. Duckworth
and L. A. West, district attorneys, respectively, of San Bernardino, Riverside and
Orange counties. The opinion of these officials was to the effect that the boards
of supervisors have no authority, either singly or collectively, to appropriate and
expend money outside of their respective counties for flood control, and that the
Conservancy Act of 1919 is unconstitutional, "because of the suft'rage qualifi-
cations therein contained and because of the basis of assessment therein set
forth." Whether these objections will be overcome by future legislation remains
to be seen. Meantime the good work of the Tri-Counties Refoiestation Com-
mittee, with federal and state aid supplemented by the water companies, can con-
tinue to protect the watershed of the stream from destructive fires and to store
its flood waters in the debris cones and gravel beds for summer irrigation. And
the wells and pumping plants, which have multiplied more than two and a half
times in the last decade, will continue to increase in number and usefulness.

Thus with the three great requisites for success in agriculture and horti-
culture, viz. : Fertile soil, equable climate and abundant water. Orange County is
forging ahead with giant strides, as note the increase in annual productions from
$12,294,694, reported by the county statistician in 1910, to $77,152,500. reported
by' the Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce in 1919.

BIOGRAPHICAL

WILLIAM H. SPURGEON.— The family represented by William H. Spurgeoa
the founder of Santa Ana, is of English extraction, and has been identified with
America for several generations. His father, Granville Spurgeon, a native of Bourbon
County, Ky., engaged in agricultural pursuits in Henry County, that state, for some
years and from there removed to Bartholoinew County, Ind., in 1830, and became a
pioneer farmer of the Hoosier state. Ten years later he took his family to Clark
County, Mo., and there, too, undertook the development of a farm from raw prairie.
Admirably qualified by nature for the task of pioneering, he led a busy life in the
midst of frontier surroundings that would have daunted a less adventurous spirit. In
1864, he decided to come to California, and accompanied by his family, he crossed the
plains in a prairie schooner drawn by mules. After a long, tedious journey they
reached Solano County, and near what is now Cordelia, settled and remained until his
death, which occurred in 1867, a short time after the death of his wife, Lavinia (Sibley)
Spurgeon, a native of Prince Edward County, Va., and of Scotch lineage.

It was during the residence of the family in Henry County, Ky., that their son,
William H., was born on October 10, 1829, When a babe in arms he was taken to
Indiana, and thence in 1840 accompanied his family to Missouri, where he was reared
and received a practical common school education. At the age of sixteen he became
a clerk in a country store at Alexandria, where he was employed for several years.
Shortly after the discovery of gold in California he determined to seek his fortune
here, coming by way of New Orleans and the Isthmus of Panama, He spent four
years in California, working in the gold mines, and met with financial success; he also
served in the Rogue River Indian War. In 1856 he returned by way of Panama to
New York City, and thence to Missouri, becoming connected with a mercantile busi-
ness at Athens, where he remained for some time.

The second journey made by Mr. Spurgeon to California was in company with
his father and other members of his family across the plains in 1864. In 1867 he went
to Los Angeles, and during his brief stay there his wife, Martha (Moreland) Spurgeon,
a native of Kentucky, died. Soon afterward he returned again to Clark County, Mo.,
and from there, in 1869, came to what is now Santa Ana. Upon his arrival he pur-
chased seyentv-six acres of the Santiago de Santa Ana grant, which originally con-
tained 62,000 acres. Immediately after buying this property he proceeded to lay out
the present town of Santa Ana, employing for this purpose Mr. Wright, a well-
known surveyor and civil engineer. The name the town bears was given it by Mr.
Spurgeon in honor of the old Spanish grant. When he located here there were but
few trees in the entire valley and the country was covered with wild mustard so high
that he could not look over it from horseback, and in order to view the valley that
contained his purchase he climbed one of the sycamore trees. The town of Tustin
had just been started and the Los Angeles and San Diego stage road lay through the
town and about three miles from Mr. Spurgeon's land. In order to get the stage to
come through his purchase and to get a post office established he cut a road through
the mustard at his own expense. He then built a small building of redwood on what
is now the southwest corner of Fourth and Broadway, and in this conducted a gen-
eral store, the first in Santa Ana, and it is said that all the goods contained therein
at the opening could have been hauled away in a wheel barrow. As the population
grew and the needs of the community became greater he added to his stock until he
carried a large variety of general merchandise, and for eighteen years conducted a
successful business, during which time he became widely known throughout this sec-
tion as a reliable merchant and progressive citizen.

Mr. Spurgeon put down the first artesian well in this section, which yielded an
ample supply of water at 300 feet and supplied the town for some time, thus estab-
lishing the first water works here. In order to induce settlers to locate at first he
would give one lot to anyone buying one, and in that way sold a lot at the corner
of Fourth and Main streets for fifteen dollars, and to induce the man to accept the
bargain, he threw in another one of equal size adjoining. To show the wonderful

204 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

growth of Santa Ana, this property has increased in value until it is now held at
approximately $85,000.

During his life as a merchant Mr. Spurgeon acted as agent at Santa Ana for the
Wells Fargo Express Company, and also filled the office of postmaster. After the
organization of Santa Ana as a city he was chosen a member of the first board of
trustees and served as president of same. Scarcely an enterprise was organized for
the benefit of Santa Ana with which his name was not identified, either directly or
indirectly. For twenty-five years he held the lot where the courthouse stands for
its present use, refusing many offers for it for other purposes. He donated the lot
for the Spurgeon Memorial Methodist Church South. It was his privilege to see the
city, started by his foresight and built up by the energy of such men as he, take its
place among the representative cities of Southern California. How much of the
credit due for this result is due to his wise judgment would be difficult to state, but it
is a recognized fact that Santa Ana owes to no citizen more than it does to Mr. Spur-
geon. He was always an advocate of good schools and every movement for the
social and moral betterment of the community met with his cooperation.

Realizing the necessity for the town to possess favorable banking facilities, Mr.
Spurgeon turned his attention to the establishment of a bank and, with others, incor-
porated the First National Bank of Santa Ana, of which institution he was chosen
president, and during the term of his service the bank secured the solid financial
basis upon which its subsequent prosperity has been built. He promoted the Santa
Ana Gas Company, which he served as president, was a stockholder and director of
the Santa Ana Gas and Electric Company, which succeeded to the business of the
former company, and he was financially interested in the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation
Company for five years, and for three years served as its president, and also as a
members of the board of directors. As a home place he owned twenty acres of land
at the east end of Fourth Street, part of which he sold to the Southern Pacific and
to the Santa Fe for depot and yard purposes. Realizing the value of transportation
facilities he used all his influence to get the roads to extend their lines to Santa
Ana. He later owned a tract of thirty, and also one of ten acres which he, himself,
planted to walnuts.

Mr. Spurgeon was always a staunch Democrat, and was chosen by his party to
various positions of trust and honor. He served as a member of the state assembly,
representing his district of Los Angeles County, this being before Orange County
was organized. He served one term as supervisor before the partition of Orange
County, and after the organization of the county was again elected supervisor, serv-
ing as chairman of the board. He was an active member of the Merchants and Manu-
facturers Association, and also of the Chamber of Commerce of Santa Ana.

Mr. Spurgeon's farsightedness and keen perception is seen when supervisor of
Eos Angeles County. In the early days he was not slow to see that this end of the
county was neglected and did not get the aid nor public improvement it was entitled
to, so it was then the idea came to him that the proper way to get what was due
in this end of the county was county division and a separate county, and in that
case he saw that Santa Ana would no doubt be the county seat, and so strong was
his desire in that direction and so certain was he of it, he kept the block now occu-
pied by the court house for that very purpose, and would not consent to sell it to
any one, although he had some splendid offers for it. His ambition was finally realized
— Santa Ana as the county seat and his choice of block selected as the court house
site was no longer a dream but became a reality, thus fulfilling his ambition.

Mr. Spurgeon's second marriage occurred in Santa Ana on April 14, 1872, uniting
him and Miss Jennie English, a native of New Madrid County, Mo., who came to
this part of California from Santa Cruz County in 1869 with her parents. Her father.
Robert English, first crossed the plains in 1850 from Missouri, and after some time
spent in California, returned to his home. From there he subsequently moved with
his family to Texas, from which place, in 1861, they crossed the plains from Red River
to California by ox team, settling at El Monte. While on their tedious journey they
were joined from time to time by different immigrants until their train numbered
sixty wagons. They had several skirmishes with the Indians, but suffered no losses.
Both Mr. and Mrs. English died in Santa Ana. Mr. and Mrs. Spurgeon became the
parents of five children: Grace, the wife of R. L. Bisby of Santa Ana; Lottie and
Mary deceased; William H., Jr., is prominent in the furniture business in Santa Ana,
and Robert Granville resides at Long Beach, having served in the U. S. Navy in the
World War.

On February 24. 1909, Mr. Spurgeon incorporated his property under the title
of the W. H. Spurgeon Realty Company, the members of his family being associ-
ated with him as directors of the corporation, and he himself being president until

^ (>-n^. 0(:^/^<l^u.^-^^

HISTORY OF ORAXGT COUNTY 207

his death on June 20, 1915. During the last years of his life the company built the
W. H. Spurgeon Block on the corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets, the largest
and most pretentious building in the city, a fitting monument to its founder. Mrs.
Spurgeon survives her husband and continues to make her home in the city she has
seen built up from a stubble tield and in the development of which she has taken a
woman's part, aiding and encouraging her husband in his ambition to see it a beau-
tiful city with modern public improvements, with its paved streets, as well as being
one of the principals in making it the seat of government of the county, a desire that
was very keen and dear to them both. Her children are looking after the large
afifairs left by her husband, and by their love and devotion do all they can to shield
her from worry and care.

The life of Mr. Spurgeon illustrates the possibilities which Southern California
offers men of energy and judgment, where the opportunities for wise investments
and large returns are even greater than they were in the early days. The record of
Santa Ana's founder, who started with less than $1,000, is an example that is worthy
of emulation and one that will encourage many another young man in his struggle
toward success. In October, 1909. during the carnival of the Parade of Products
held in Santa Ana, Mr. Spurgeon was presented with a memorial — a beautiful piece
of art work done in colors with a pen, setting forth his identification with the county's
interests. By a happy coincidence it was the eightieth year of Mr. Spurgeon's birth,
the fortieth year of the founding of Santa Ana and the twentieth year of the organiza-
tion of Orange County.

NOAH PALMER.— The passing away in January, 1916, of Noah Palmer, at the
age of ninety-six, closed a career whose value and service to the community, indeed
to the whole of Orange County, would be difiicult to measure. Intimately associated
with practically every enterprise that concerned the early development of Santa Ana,
it is perhaps in his especial ability as a financier that he was most closely identified
with the great progress made in this section of Orange County. Possessed in an
unusual measure of keenness and discernment of mind, he was always quick to grasp
advantages, albeit he was of a conservative temperament, so that, although his judg-
ment was quick and decisive, he was never led into developments of a speculative
character. A pioneer of '49, it was his privilege to witness such a transformation
throughout the commonwealth of California as can never again take place within the
confines of the United States, so marvelous has been the change that has been wrought
in those years.

The Empire State was Mr. Palmer's native home, his birth having occurred Sep-
tember 3, 1820, at Lowville, Lewis County, N. Y. His parents were Ephraim and
Hannah (Phelps) Palmer, natives of New York, and there they spent all their days.
Ephraim Palmer came of a long and honored line of English ancestry, his forbears
being of the Quaker faith, and he lived a well-rounded out life, reaching the age of
eighty-eight years; the mother passed away in early womanhood, when Noah was
but seven years of age. An older sister lived in Jefferson County, N. Y., and there
Noah went to live after his mother's death. He remained there until he was eighteen
years old, receiving a good education in the local schools of the vicinity. He then
began life on his own account as a school teacher, continuing in this profession
for ten years, first in New York, until 1840, when he went to Indiana. In 1849, when
the news of the discovery of gold in California went like wildfire over the country,
even to the backwoods hamlets, Noah Palmer, like thousands of other young men,
was fired with an ambition to seek his fortune in this new Eldorado. Joining the
Isaac Owen missionary train he set out on the long journey, and for six long, weary
months they slowly wended their way acress the plains and desert, a journey that
was fraught not alone with hardship but with many dangers. The hard work of
mining, at Hangtown, now Placerville, however, proved too much for Mr. Palmer,
so he went to San Jose and began farming, later removing to Santa Clara, where
he continued ranching for many years. In 1852 he returned East and with his
wife and little daughter started back to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama,
making the rough trip across the Isthmus on mule back, there being no railroad
in those early days. The family established their home in Santa Clara County, and
for a number of years Mr. Palmer was quite active in political life, being a leader in
Republican circles. For four years he served as tax collector of Santa Clara County,
and represented his district in the state legislature for one term.

In August, 1873, Mr. Palmer came to Santa Ana, then only a small hamlet.
There was little to attract one at that time, as there had been but little improvement
of the surrounding country, and this offered but scant promise of the possibilities
that eventually were unfolded. With that keen foresight that was ever a dominating

308 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

characteristic. Mr. Palmer felt that success awaited the pioneer here who had patience
and perseverance, coupled with energy. He returned to Santa Clara, and on Decem-
ber 1, of that same year, he closed a deal for 1765 acres, comprising a part of the
old Santiago de Santa Ana grant, originally a tract of 62,000 acres. On his return
to this locality he was accompanied by a number of his friends in Santa Clara,
and to them he disposed of 1065 acres, giving them their choice of location. He re-
tained 700 acres, and this he put under cultivation and produced some of the best
crops ever seen in this section. This land was all within the corporate limits of
Santa Ana, now all subdivided into town lots except forty-five acres. His friends
built on their various properties, and also farmed with success for years.

In 1882 Mr. Palmer began his active interest in the banking field, for which
his abilities especially fitted him. With W. S. Bartlett, Daniel Halladay and others
he organized the Commercial Bank of Santa Ana, with Mr. Halladay the first presi-
dent. After a very few years Mr. Palmer succeeded to that office, and held it until
.A.pril 23, 1910, when he retired. He was one of the organizers of the Bank of Orange
and served as its president until the bank was sold. He was also a director of the
Bank of Tustin and of the Orange County Savings Bank — now the Orange County
Trust and Savings Bank. He was active in the promotion of the Santa Ana, Orange
and Tustin Railway and was the first president of the company. In each of these
developments he was enabled to further the material progress of the county by
stabilizing the financial foundation of the locality through his wise oversight, and
by aiding those who were in need of capital to carry on the agricultural and horti-
cultural development that has brought undreamed-of wealth to the county.

While a school teacher in Franklin County, Ind., Mr. Palmer was married in
March, 1843, to Miss Susan Evans, born January 28, 1824, in that county. She
passed away on October 28, 1903, after a wedded life of over sixty years, in which
there had been more than the usual share of eventful interest. Five children were
born to Mr. and Mrs. Palmer, two of whom are living: Emma Palmer, Mrs. George
J. Mosbaugh, who is the mother of a son by a former marriage — H. Percy Thelan
of Santa Ana: and Miss Lottie E. Palmer. Mrs. Almira A. Hewitt, the eldest daugh-
ter, died in March, 1912, leaving three children, Fred P., William L., and a daughter,
Mrs. Susy Deuel. Mrs. Mosbaugh and Miss Lottie E. Palmer are residents of Santa
.\na, and through their loving ministrations the latter years of Mr. Palmer's well-
spent life were surrounded with every care and comfort.

WILLIAM N. TEDFORD.— Coming to Newport Valley, then in Los .\ngeles
County, in 1868, William N. Tedford was the first settler of the Valley, as he and
his family were the only Americans here at that time. Following him were Isaac
Williams, Jacob Ross, Thomas Smith and Thomas Cozad, all of whose names were
associated with the pioneer days of this section.

Of Scotch-Irish extraction, the first representative of the Tedford family in
this country was an early settler of Virginia, members of the family subsequently
settling in Tennessee. This state was the birthplace of John Tedford, the father of
our subject, and he continued the westward march of the family, removing to Ran-
dolph County, Mo. While a resident of Tennessee he had married Miss Catherine
Hannah, and there Wilfiam N. Tedford was born on August 16, 1826. At the age of
five he accompanied his parents to Randolph County, Mo., where he grew to man-
hood. Here he was married, May 19, 1852, choosing for his companion Miss Nancy
Jane Baker, the daughter of Isaac and Jane (McCullough) Baker, natives, respectively,
of Kentucky and Tennessee.

In 1864, twelve years after their marriage, and after five of their children were
born, emulating the pioneer spirit of his forbears, Mr. Tedford. with his wife and
family, started on the long journey across the plains with ox teams, reaching Solano
County, Cal., in September of that year. Remaining there for two years, they re-
moved to Monterey County, where they engaged in farming for another two years. In
1868 they came to what is now Orange County, settling on sixty acres of raw land
in Newport Valley which Mr. Tedford had purchased. Although the country was
wild and barren, they set to work to improve the land and make a home, and it
was their privilege to see the surrounding territory transformed from its uninhabited,
desolate state to prosperous ranches and orchards. It is safe to say that none of the
old settlers of Orange County rejoiced in its development more sincerely than did
Mr. Tedford, who had been so closely associated with its earliest days, and who did
his share in helping to make it the garden spot of the country.

The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Tedford: Walter B.; Ed-
ward; Mrs. Emma J. Maxwell, now deceased; Thomas F.; Mrs. Katie M. Felton;
Mrs. Maggie L. Young; Charles L.; Mattie Susan, wife of Rev. C. R. Gray; George

9^v^ /^ P- r^^^.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 211

I., ancl Harry A., now deceased. The five eldest were born in Missouri, the younger
children all being native sons and daughters of California. In 1899 Mr. Tedford sold
his ranch to his son-in-law, E. W. Felton, and purchased a residence at Spurgeon and
Third streets, Santa Ana, and here he made his home until his death, on November 9,
190S, Mrs. Tedford surviving him until 1919. Always a Democrat in his political
sympathies, Mr. Tedford took an active part in the affairs of his party, and among
other offices of trust he served as supervisor of Orange County for four years.

CHARLES C. CHAPMAN.— Genealogical records give the year 1650 as the date
of the founding of the Chapman family in .\merica l)y the arrival in the new world of
three brothers from England, who became the progenitors of a numerous race that,
taking root in Massachusetts, spread its branches throughout the growing colonies of
the Central West. No representative of this fainily was more worthy than Sidney Smith
Chapman, who was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1827. He followed the west-
ward tide of emigration at an early age, settling in Illinois when he was a youth of
erghteen and embarking in the building business. While he never achieved wealth he
was singularly fortunate in gaining that which is far more enduring — the sincere regard
of friends and the affectionate admiration of business associates. Into the building of
houses he put the same integrity and the same patient industry that he put into the
building of his fine personal character and his deep Christian faith.

After a long period of labor as a builder in Macomb, 111., Sidney S. Chapman
removed to Vermont, same state, in 1868 and later followed his trade in Chicago,
where he and his first wife were charter members of the West Side Christian Church.
During the World's Fair his health failed and in October of 1893 he passed from earth.
His life, as it was ordered, contained not only happiness, but also sorrow and dis-
appointment. Whatever came to him he bore with simple dignity and quiet courage,
seldom giving utterance to any words save those of hope. As a workman he was not
content with the mere completion of a task, but strove to finish each contract with
greater skill than he had displayed in previous eflforts. He was a firm supporter of
prohibition, and politically a Republican. To his descendants he left the heritage of
a life that was a model of uprightness and simple devotion to duty.

In 1848 S. S. Chapman married Rebecca Jane Clarke, eldest daughter of David
and Eliza (Russell) Clarke, both natives of Kentucky, where the daughter also was
born. The family of Mr. Chapman by this marriage numbered ten children, seven of
whom attained years of maturity and five are now living, viz.: Charles C, whose
name introduces this narrative: Christopher C, an orange grower near Yorba Linda:
Samuel James, who is engaged in the real estate business in Los Angeles; Dolla, Mrs.
W'. C. Harris, whose husband is a well known builder and successful architect of Los
Angeles: and Louella. Mrs. J. Charles Thamer, of Placentia. Cal. The eldest son. Col.
Frank M., died in Covina, this state in 1909. Emma E., Mrs. L. W^ B. Johnson, died
in Illinois in 1888, leaving a son and daughter. The wife and mother passed away at
the family home in Chicago January 2. 1874, and later her youngest sister became the
wife of S. S. Chapman, their union resulting in the birth of three children, Ira, Earl
and Nina. After the death of her husband the widow remained in Chicago for several
years, but subsequently removed to Los Angeles, where she died.

During the residence of the family in Macomb. 111., Charles C. Chapman was
born July 2, 1853. and in that city his education was secured, but he owes more to
self-culture than to text-books, more to determination and will-power than to youthful
opportunities. His first employment was that of messenger boy and he recalls carry-
ing the message that announced the assassination of of President Lincoln. Later he
clerked in a store and in 1869 joined his father at Vermont, 111., where he learned the
trade of bricklayer. On the 19th of December, 1871, he went to Chicago and imme-
diately secured employment, first working as a bricklayer and in 1873 superintending
the erection of several buildings, after which he engaged in the mercantile business.
During 1876-77 he engaged in canvassing in the interests of a local historical work in
his native county and during 1878 he embarked in a similar enterprise for himself al
Galesburg. III., whence the office in 1880 was moved to Chicago. The business was
first conducted under his own name and after his brother. Frank M.. became a partner.
the firm name was changed to Chapman Brothers and later to the Chapman Puli-
lishing Company.

As the business of the firm increased the plant was enlarged until it had em-
braced extensive quarters and a large equipment. In addition to the management of a
printing and publishing business the firm erected numerous buildings, including busi-
ness structures, apartments, hotels and more than twenty substantial residences. Dur-
ing the World's Fair they conducted the Vendome Hotel for the accomtnodation of
many of the leading capitalists and business men of the country. The financial panic
of that year caused very heavy losses to the firm.

212 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

At Austin, Tex., October 23, 1884, Mr. Chapman married Miss Lizzie Pearson,
wlio was born near Galesburg, 111., September 13, 1861, being a daughter of Dr. C.
S. and Nancy (Wallace) Pearson. Two children blessed the union, namely: Ethel
Marguerite, born June 10, 1886, now the wife of Dr. William Harold Wickett of Ful-
lerton, and Charles Stanley, January 7, 1889. During January of 1894 Mr. Chapman
went to Texas, hoping that the southern climate might benefit his wife, who was ill
vMi pulmonary trouble. Later in the same year he came to Californi? with the
same hope, but here, as elsewhere, he was doomed to disappointment. While the
family were occupying their beautiful home on the corner of Adams and Figueroa
streets, Los Angeles, Mrs. Chapman passed away September 19, 1894. Noble traits
of heart and mind made Mrs. Chapman preeminent in family and church circles,
while her accomplishments fitted her to grace the most aristocratic social functions.
Her charming personal appearance, lovable nature and graceful manner won the
atTectionate regard of a host of friends. Earth held so much of joy in an ideal home
happiness that she could not covet the boon death proffered, yet she accepted it
with the fortitude that characterized her sweet Christian resignation to intense suf-
fering through a long illness.

The present wife of Mr. Chapman was Miss Clara Irvin, daughter of S. M. and
Lucy A. Irvin, and a native of Iowa, but from childhood a resident of Los Angeles
until her marriage September 3, 1898. They have one child, Irvin Clarke. Mr. and
Mrs. Chapman have traveled extensively, both in this country and abroad. Both
are members of the Christian Church, with which Mr. Chapman united at the age
of sixteen, and in which he has held all the important official positions. For years
he was a member of the Cook County Sunday-school board, a member of the general
board. Y. M. C. A. of Chicago, also an organizer of the board of city missions of the
Christian churches of Chicago. His identification with these various activities was
severed upon his removal from Chicago, but he has been equally active in the West.
He has been for nearly a score of years president of the Christian Missionary Society
of Southern California, and has taken part in the dedication of forty churches, being
the speaker and making the appeal for money, and in a special, as well as a general,
way assisted many churches. He is a director of the Christian Board of Publication
of St. Louis. The largest of his philanthropic enterprises are the building of a hos-
pital at Nantungchow, China, and his contribution to the California School of Chris-
tianity of Los Angeles. For years he has served as a member of the state executive
committee of the Y. M. C. A., in 1914 was president of the state convention, and in
April, 1915, was elected chairman of the state executive committee. He has been
reelected annually since. He has served as president of the State Sunday School
Association, and in 1911 was elected to represent Southern California on the Inter-
national Executive Committee, and was vice-chairman of the Committee. In 1914
he was reelected to both positions, and continues to serve on the Committee. In 1903
he was appointed by Governor Pardee a trustee of the State Normal School at San
Diego, was reappointed by him, and later by Governor Gillett, and still later by Gov-
ernor Johnson, resigning after a service of ten years. In 1907 he was elected a trustee
of Pomona College, serving until 1915. Upon the organization of the California School
of Christianity, he was chosen a trustee and president of the board.

Since coming to California Mr. Chapman has devoted much attention to building
up the Santa Ysabel rancho near FuUerton, which, under his supervision, has been
developed into one of the most valuable orange properties in the state. The Old
Mission brand, under which name the fruit is packed, has a reputation second to none
in the best markets of the country, and prices commanded have been the record prices
for California oranges since 1897. He also has other valuable orange ranches in
the neighborhood of Fullerton.

In politics Mr. Chapman is a Republican. He has served as a member of the
state central committee, and in 1912 made an unsuccessful race for nomination for
state senator. He was elected one of the first trustees of Fullerton, served as chair-
man of the board, and was reelected for a second term. He is a director of the Com-
mercial National Bank of Los Angeles and of the Farmers and Merchants National
Bank of Fullerton, He is interested in mining and in the oil business, and has large
realty holdings in Los Angeles and elsewhere. The most important of these is the
Charles C. Chapman Building, a thirteen-story office building, in Los Angeles.

Mr. Chapman has been closely identified with the irrigation interests that lie at
the foundation of success in fruit culture. He served as director and president of the
Anaheim Union Water Company for several years. He has made the fruit industry a
success, has encouraged others to greater efforts in the same business, and has proved
a power for good in the development of horticulture in Southern California. He has
borne his share in public affairs, in religious work and in social circles, as well as in

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 215

his chosen occupation of grower and shipper of fruit. Activities so far-reaching, aspira-
tions so broad and influences so philanthropic have given his name prominence, while
he has become endeared to thousands of citizens through his humanitarian views,
his progressive tendencies, his gentle courtesy and his unceasing interest in important
moral, educational, religious and political questions.

DANIEL HALLADAY.— Among the honored pioneers of Southern California
who have contributed largely to the growth and advancement of this section of the
state through their excellent business judgment and public-spirited service, the name
of Daniel Halladay ranks high. Coming to Santa Ana in 1880, Mr. Halladay at
once actively identified himself with the development of the locality, interesting him-
self to some extent in agriculture, but it was in the world of finance that his greate^t
accomplishments were achieved.

The lineage of the Halladay family dates back for several generations in the
history of New England, and its representatives were always in the forefront of the
progressive life of their communities. A native of Vermont, Daniel Halladay was
born in Marlboro. November 24, 1826. His parents were David and Nancy (.Car-
penter) Halladay, both natives of the same state. Daniel Halladay's early days were
spent at his birthplace, but when he was twelve years of age his parents removed
to Springfield, Mass., later settling at Ware, in that state, and in these places Daniel
received his education in the public schools. Always of a mechanical bent, at the
age of nineteen years he apprenticed himself to learn the machinist's trade, continuing
as an apprentice and journeyman for six years. During the latter half of this period
he was foreman in the American Machine Works at Springfield, Mass., and the ma-
chine works of Seth Adams & Company, in South Boston, Mass. After closing his
work with the last-named firm he returned to his former position with the American
Machine Works at Springfield, and while there he had charge of the construction of
the caloric engine invented by John Ericsson, well known to history as the designer
of the famous Monitor. During the World's Fair in London in 1851, it was a part
of the American exhibit in the Crystal Palace, Mr. Halladay superintending its erec-
tion and exhibition there.

Returning to the United States, Mr. Halladay became a partner in a machine
manufacturing concern at Ellington, Conn., but the connection lasted but a short time,
Mr. Halladay then going to South Coventry, Conn., where he engaged in the manu-
facture of machinery under the firm name of the Halladay Wind Mill Company,
the greater part of the machines turned out being of his own invention. The com-
pany's plant was removed to Batavia, 111., in 1863, and here the business of the plant
grew to a large volume, so that when Mr. Halladay decided to retire from it in order
to come to California, he was able to dispose of it at a handsome figure.

Locating at Santa Ana in 1880, Mr. Halladay entered at once into the upbuilding
of the county, his clear vision making plain to him its great possibilities. Two years
later, in 1882, when the Commercial Bank of Santa Ana was established, he was made
its president, and this was the beginning of many years of service in the banking
field, in which his wisdom, integrity and wide grasp had a large part in putting it
on its present sound, progressive, yet conservative basis. After serving as the bank's
president for a number of years he was made vice-president, always keeping a guid-
ing hand on the affairs of the institution. He was also one of the incorporators of
the Bank of Orange, serving on its directorate until it changed hands; at one time
he was a director of the Orange County Savings Bank. All of these institutions
benefited greatly by Mr. Halladay's wise counsel, as was evidenced by their con-
stant growth, both in number of depositors and amounts of deposits, and his sound
judgment has left its impress on their policies to the present day. Interested in
every project that made for the material progress of the community, Mr. Halladay
entered enthusiastically into the plans for furnishing Santa Ana with illuminating
gas. being one of the incorporators and directors of the Santa .Ana Gas Company.
He was also instrumental in the promotion of the Santa .Ana, Orange & Tustin
Street Railway, and was one of its directors throughout the existence of the company.

Mr. Halladay's marriage, which occurred in Ludlow, Mass.. May 3. 1849. united
him with Miss Susan M. Spooner, born at Belchertown, Mass., and, like her husband,
a descendant of an old New England family. She passed away on December 26,
fOS. at Santa .\na. One child was born to them, a son who died in infancy. Mrs.
Halladay was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church at Santa .Ana and very
pctive in its circles. Mr. Halladay spent the last few years of his life in retirement
from active duties, although he always maintained a wide interest in the affairs of
the community and nation, being particularly concerned in the cause of temperance.

216 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

of which he was ever a stanch advocate. His death occurred on March 1, 1916, at
his home on East First Street, being survived by his adopted daughter. Mrs. Susie M.
Rutherford.

THEODORE RIMPAU, FREDERICK C. RIMPAU.— The wealth of pioneer
achievement and tradition featuring the glowing chapters of California history one
is reminded of in the life-story of Theodore Rimpau, long the oldest citizen in point of
years of residence in Orange County. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, on Septem-
ber 28, 1826, the son of Johanas and Matilda (Henneburg) Rimpau, natives of Germany.
He enjoyed, on account of his parents' social and financial circumstances, the advan-
tages of a superior education, and unlike many who were destined for such a career
as he later followed, lie studied French, German and Latin, and later pursued a prac-
tical business course. After putting in several years with a wholesale business concern
at Hamburg, he decided to seek his fortune in the New World, and came to the
United States in 1848.

Leaving the Fatherland about the time of the great political upheaval striving for
some of the very objects recently attained in Germany, Mr. Rimpau landed in New
York, and was soon employed by a leading wholesale house; and it was while he was
there, getting accustomed to the freer ways of the young Republic, that the news of
the discovery of gold in California was heralded throughout the country. He took
passage for San Francisco, via Panama, and from the Isthmus came on the first
steamship that sailed for what was then called Verba Buena. Immediately upon his
arrival, he joined the hurrying throngs seeking the "yellow metal," and for a short
time was fairly successful, but like many another who catered to the wants of the
hazarding miner, he found the best way to riches through the avenue of trade.

Mr. Rimpau soon formed a partnership for general merchandising in San Fran-
cisco; and as he prospered, he branched out to the South. He opened another store
in Los Angeles, in 1850, to which he gave all of his attention when he had been
burned out twice in the Bay City; his partners, Schwerin and Garbe, returned to South
America, where they had formerly lived. In December, 1850. Mr. Rimpau was mar-
ried to Miss Francisca Avila, the daughter of Francisco and Encarnacion (Sepulveda)
Avila, and a native of the City of the Angels. She died at Anaheim in 1903, the
mother of seventeen children, seven still living: Frederick, of this review; Sophie and
Marie L., all of Anaheim; Frank T., of Alhambra; James A., Benjamin A. and John L.,
of Los x\ngeles.

In 1851, Mr. Rimpau closed his well-known Los Angeles store and started in
the stock business on a tract of 800 acres of land owned by his wife, and originally
a Spanish grant that had been in the Avila family for nearly 100 years, and part of
which is still owned by the family; and there, on what is now within the corporate
limits of Los Angeles, Mr. Rimpau followed stock raising until in the early '60's,
when he moved to the San Joaquin ranch. For two years there were awful droughts
throughout the state, and after his cattle died, he continued in the sheep business until
1876, when another drought came, and his son, Adolph, to save the herds, drove them
to Salt Lake City.

Coming to Anaheim in 1865, Mr. Rimpau rented property for two years, after
which he bought and planted twenty acres of land, where he later resided. He set
out grapes, and manufactured wine; and this business he continued with success until
1886, when disease destroyed all the vines. Then he planted orchards and walnuts.
He foresaw that the wine trade, for various reasons, was doomed, and as early as
1878 he established the dry-goods store which, as a flourishing concern, he turned
over to his sons, Adolph and Frederick, ten years later. He sold half of his 800 acres
of ranch and became a stockholder in the water company at Anaheim.

Few men in this colony of intelligent and industrious Germans were more re-
spected in their time than Theodore Rimpau; and the local chronicler dwells with
peculiar pleasure on some of the personal incidents in his private life. His marriage
ceremony, for example, was performed by Father Sanchez, one of the pioneer padres
who traveled E! Camino Real, or the King's Highway, from San Francisco to San
Diego on foot. Mr. Rimpau lived so long and so happily with his good native wife
that his friends could boast he was the first foreigner hereabouts to marry a California
maiden and to celebrate with her a golden wedding. At one time he had three vessels
engaged in coast trade, plying between San Francisco and San Pedro, but they were
all destroyed by fire within a year. He died at Anaheim on October 3, 1913, aged
eighty-seven years.

FREDERICK RIMPAU was born in Los Angeles on March 13, 1855, the house
being still owned by the Rimpau family, and growing up in Anaheim, to which town
his foTks had removed, he attended the grammar school there. From his twenty-second

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 217

until his forty-sccoiul year he clerked in stores in Los Angeles and Arizona, and for
fifteen years he was a partner with his brother Adolph in the dry-goods store at Ana-
heim. Selling out, he went into the real estate and insurance field, and today gives
his attention especially to the latter. He is a director of the Anaheim National Bank.

On November 4, 1885, Mr. Rimpau married Miss Nellie Smythe of .Anaheim, a
native daughter, whose parents are John S. and Joscfa (Yorba) Smythe. They attend
the Catholic Church.

Mr. Rimpau belongs to the Fraternal Brotherhood, and years ago, for three years
he was a member of the California National Guard, from which he was honorably dis-
charged. He is an active participator in all civic movements, and deeply interested in
Orange County and its smiling future.

WILLIAM HENRY CROWTHER.— Throughout a long and useful life that
left its impress upon various lines of activity, William H. Crowther won and main-
tained the confidence of a large circle of associates, through his progressiveness and
sterling traits of character. Coming of a long line of English antecedents, Mr.
Crowther was himself a native of England, where he was born on October 4, 1837, in
Yorkshire. His parents, John an.d Tamar (Bartel) Crowther, both natives of that
part of England, passed their entire lives there.

The country schools of Yorkshire furnished William Crowther his early educa-
tion, and this he supplemented with a course at the mechanical schools at Leeds. In
1857, at the age of twenty years, he immigrated to .America, settling in Massachusetts,
and here he followed the trade of blacksmithing and wagonmaking for several years,
becoming a very proficient workman. Seeking another field for his activities, Mr.
Crowther started on the long journey to the Pacific Coast by the way of the Isthmus
of Panama, reaching San Francisco in January, 1864. Spending six months at Sacra-
.mento at his trade, he then located at Santa Clara, and there he engaged in business
for himself for a number of years, manufacturing wagons, plows and a large line of
agricultural implements.

Coming to Los Angeles County in 1872, Mr. Crowther located at Anaheim, and
there engaged in blacksmithing for some time, but seeing the great possibilities in the
development of the agricultural and horticultural interests of this part of the country,
he purchased 136 acres of land at Placentia in 1875. It was a raw, unpromising piece
of land, used as a sheep range, and Mr. Crowther realized thoroughly the hard work
that would be required before he could hope for even fair returns. Particularly did
he see the necessity of irrigation, if settlers were to be attracted to this locality.
He therefore entered actively into the development of waterways, and was one of the
originators of the means of irrigation provided by the Anaheim Union Water Com-
pany. For many years one of its directors, and for several terms president of the
company, he was of invaluable assistance in the conduct of its affairs; also did black-
smithing for the company during the first year and a half of its existence.

In the meantime Mr. Crowther was also busily engaged in the development of
his own ranch. Eighty acres were planted to English walnuts and about fifty acres to
oranges and deciduous fruits, and through his unremitting care and intelligent culti-
vation it became one of the best-known ranches of the district, its abundant yield
bringing in a handsome income. Since so many years of his life had been spent in a line
of work far removed from horticulture, more than ever was credit due to Mr. Crow-
ther for the outstanding success he made in this new field. In his passing away on
December 16. 1916, the community lost one of its stanchest citizens, and one who could
always be counted upon to give of his time and influence to every good work. The
ranch property is now equally divided between his sons, Walter H. Crowther, of 202
Wilshire Avenue, Fullerton; Edward W. Crowther of Placentia, and his daughter
Ruby, now Mrs. Albert Hitchen, of Beverly Hills, Los .\ngeles.

Mr. Crowther's marriage united him with Miss Margaret Sproul, a native of
Scotland, and they became the parents of four children: Sarah, who died aged forty
years; Walter H.. Edward W. and Ruby. Prominent in the ranks of the Masons. Mr.
Crowther belonged to the Blue Lodge at Anaheim and to the Chapter and Com-
mandery at Santa Ana, and the Shrine of Los Angeles. A loyal Republican, he took
a deep interest in the affairs of his party, taking an active part in county and state
affairs, and holding local offices of importance. He also gave his services generously
toward securing improved educational facilities, l)cing clerk of the Placentia school
district, of which he was one of the organizers.

218 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

JOSEPH EDWARD PLEASANTS— Comparatively few of the men now iden-
tified with Orange County preceded Joseph Edward Pleasants in establishing asso-
ciations with this locality, as he took up his residence here in 1861. He is one of the
few remaining 'forty-niners in California. Among the first to bring stands of bees to
this part of the country, for many years noted for its fine sage and orange honey, Mr.
Pleasants has long occupied an authoritative place in that industry, being the first bee
inspector of the county, a post that he has held continuously since 1902, and at the
present time he is president of the California State Bee Keepers' Association.

Missouri was Mr. Pleasants' native state, and there he was born in St. Charles
County, March 30, 1839. His parents were James M. and Lydia (Mason) Pleasants,
natives of Kentucky and Virginia, and both were of English ancestry. The mother
passed away in 1848, and the following year the father, with his two eldest sons,
joined an ox-team train consisting of thirty-two wagons for the long journey across
the plains. There were about 120 people in the party, Mr. Pleasants being the young-
est child in the company. The trip was a long, trying one, about twenty of the trav-
elers succumbing to the cholera en route, and six weary months passed by before
they reached their destination on the Feather River. The father engaged in mining
for about a year and a half, later going to the Sacramento Valley, where he engaged
in farming in what is now Solano County, Pleasants Valley, where he located, being
named for him.

In 1856 J. E. Pleasants came to Southern California, where he made his home
with the Wolfskin family, studying under H. D. Barrows, whom Mr. Wolfskill had
employed as a teacher for his family, the children of the neighborhood sharing in his
instruction, according to the generous custom of the times. Mr. Barrows, who was
a New Englander, and well trained in the pedagogical world of his native place,
was prominently identified with the educational aflfairs of Los Angeles for many years,
serving on the school board for a number of terms. Coming to what is now Orange
County in 1861 to look after some interests of Mr. Wolfskill here, Mr. Pleasants
later purchased land, and he has since made this his home, a period of practically
sixty years. While engaging in general farming, he was especially interested in raising
fine cattle and horses, and he raised many thoroughbred shorthorns, selling them to
the Irvine Company. Among the first to become interested in the bee industry, he
owned at one time over 400 stands, and this brought him a handsome income.
One year he took thirty tons of honey from his apiary. He gave much time to the
study of bees and particularly of the diseases that aflfect them in this climate, and it
is safe to say that there is no one in Southern California who has done as much to
advance this profitable industry. He was chosen to take charge of the California
bee exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in New Orleans, 1884. When the
office of bee inspector was created in 1902, Mr. Pleasants was unanimously made
its first incumbent and he continues to serve up to the present time. In 1888 Madame
Modjeska bought his ranch of 200 acres and he then bought 400 acres of land, his
present place, which he devoted to the raising of thoroughbred stock.

Mr. Pleasants' first marriage united him with Miss M. Refugio Carpenter, her
mother being a native Californian. She passed away in 1888. and two years later
Mr. Pleasants married Miss Adalina Brown, likewise a native of this state, born at
Petaluma, Sonoma County, but grew up and received her education in Los Angeles:
she is a daughter of Milton and Clarissa (Wing) Brown, natives of Kentucky and
Illinois, respectively. They crossed the plains to Oregon in 1852 and two years later
came down the coast to Sonoma County, and soon afterwards came to Los Angeles
where they were pioneer ranchers. After his wife died Milton Brown made his home
with Mr. and Mrs. Pleasants until a few days before his death at the hospital in
Santa Ana in 1917, aged ninety-five years, six months. Mrs. Pleasants after reaching
womanhood taught school for several years. She is intensely interested in early
California history of which she has been a student and reader and is well informed
and an interesting conversationalist.

A member of the Bee Keepers' Club of Orange County and an active member
of the State and National Bee Keepers' Associations, at the annual meeting in Los
Angeles, February, 1920, Mr. Pleasants was elected president of the California State
Bee Keepers' Association, a fitting honor to his years of study and research in
bee culture. Mr. Pleasants has always taken a prominent part in the activities of
these organizations, promoting in every possible way the furtherance of this industry.
He has been a valued contributor to the various journals published in its interest in
the United States and furnished the data for the chapter devoted to the subject
appearing in this history. Now one of the oldest settlers in this county, he is living
in comparative retirement at his home in Silverado precinct, and blessed with an
exceptional memory, he can recall many interesting reminiscenses of the early days
of Orange County. Occupying a high place in the esteem of his fellow citizens, Mr.
Pleasants can look back upon a long, influential and well-spent life.

■,/

j- 6 (^kiU)LdO<^^

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 221

GEORGE W. FORD.— Coining to Orange County in 1876. George \V. Ford is
known throughout Southern California as an authority in walnut growing, having made
a special study of this industry and securing results not equalled by any other grower in
the county. A native of Illinois, he was born in the neighborhood of Centralia on
October 21, 1848, a son of John and Louisa (Youngblood) Ford, both descendants of
old Southern families, who had settled in Illinois when it was a territory. In 1897
they came to California and resided here during the remainder of their lives. They
were the parents of ten children, nine of whom grew to maturity.

The oldest child of the family, George W. Ford, was reared on a farm and was
educated in the common schools of that time, attending about two months during the
winter, and the remainder of the time after he was old enough to work, was spent
in helping on his father's farm. From the time he was a lad of fifteen, Mr. Ford
was filled with a desire to see California, having read an article in a paper, written from
Anaheim Landing, and he made up his mind then to visit this section some time in
the future. When he was a little older he worked for a time in a country store, also
helping on the .farms in the vicinity of his home, and one season while working in the
harvest field he was overcome by the heat. His health began to fail and in March, 1875,
he decided to come to California, on the advice of a friend, who had been in this
state and knew the conditions to be found here by one seeking health. Arriving in
San Francisco with less than ten dollars, this small sum had dwindled almost to the
vanishing point before he secured employment, but he was fortunate in completely
regaining his health.

In February, 1876, Mr. Ford came to Los Angeles County, first working on a
ranch and then securing employment in a nursery, where he obtained his first experi-
ence in that line. Having saved up a little money he decided to invest it in real estate,
and secured five acres of land at Santa Ana, and upon this small tract he started the
nursery business that was destined to become one of the largest in the state. From
time to time he added to his holdings, in 1884 buying a tract of twenty-three and a
quarter acres. At the time of the purchase it was but little better than a sheep pasture,
but the extension of the city limits made it a valuable property. As the county set-
tled up, his business increased in proportion and at one time he employed twenty
men and did a business of over $30,000 a year. He made many of his own importations
and sold in carload lots, shipping walnut trees all over California and to .Australia, as
well as many other fruit and ornamental trees, plants and shrubs. He was one of the
first to bring the soft-shelled walnut to this part of the state, and in 1885 he originated
the Ford improved soft-shell walnut and continued year after year to improve the
grade. In the cultivation of walnut groves he also made valuable contribution through
his many and extensive experiments. He was one of the first growers to learn that the
best results were obtained by allowing the orchards to remain unplowed, as he found
that a "plow hardpan" is formed by cultivating, and also that it breaks off the small
shoots sent up by the roots to draw nourishment from the air. He also found that
his yield was much increased by planting the trees much farther apart than was the
custom, thinning them out until they were at least sixty feet apart.

Mr. Ford continued his nursery business until 1898. when he disposed of it at a
good profit. In 1892 he erected his present home and spent much time in beautifying
the grounds,. having the greatest variety of ornamental trees and shrubs of any home
in the county, among them being some extremely fine camphor trees. ,\ stockholder
in the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company. Mr. Ford worked in 1877 on the first
ditch started by that company.

.•\lways a lover of fine horses, Mr. Ford was for a number of years engaged in
raising some fine racing stock, breeding some of the fastest horses ever sent out of
the state. His horses were raced all over the Pacific circuit, and in the early days
he did his own driving and won many races. In 1900 he bought the Orange County
Fair Association race track, and for several years maintained it as a training and race
course. It was considered one of the fastest mile tracks in California, and it was here
that Silkwood, one of the best trotting horses of his day, made his record of 2:07.

Coming here when Santa .\na was but a small, struggling village. Mr. Ford has
seen it grow to be one of the most prosperous towns in Southern California, and in
this development he has had no small part. Mr. Ford's marriage occurred in Los
.•\ngeles, when he was united with Miss Mary Teague. who was born on a farm adjoin-
ing the Ford homestead in Illinois, and came to California in 1878. They continue to
reside on their old home place, once a pasture, but now in tlie lieart of the residence
district of Santa Ana.

222 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

DAVID HEWES. — In the annals of Southern California none of its citizens
occupy a more distinctive place than the late David Hewes, whose name is indelibly
associated with the great, progressive movements of the state, over a period dating
from 1850 to his demise in July, 1915. A man of affairs, a successful financier and a
Christian gentleman, his life was ever a power for good and an influence toward the
highest ideals of manhood. His long and useful life of ninety-three years was replete
with varied experiences that would furnish a volume of material for the biographer,
rich in interest, but only the outstanding points of his career can be touched upon here.
Born in Lynnfield, Essex County, Mass., May 16, 1822, David Hewes was the
representative of one of the old families of that state, tracing his ancestry back seven
generations to the patriot, David Hewes. The death of his father when he was but
five years old, with the rather rigid discipline of the New England home, early gave
him a sense of responsibility, and the habits of industry that formed the foundation of
his success in life. From the age of fourteen he supported himself and earned enough
to secure his early education in West . Reading Academy and Phillips Academy, and
later he was enabled to enter Yale College. Meanwhile he had added his savings to
the small inheritance left him from his father's estate and during his second year at
Yale he invested his capital in galvanized iron houses which he shipped to California.
Leaving his studies he started on the long trip to the Pacific Coast, via the Isthmus
of Panama, arriving at San Francisco in February, 1850. While he had not expected
to remain in the West, the wonderful possibilities opening up at this period made him
decide to cast his lot with this new and untried land. Going to Sacramento he opened
up a general merchandise store and from the first was successful, but in 1852, at the
height of his prosperity, the city was practically wiped out by a conflagration, followed
in January of the next year by a disastrous flood, so that Mr. Hewes left there prac-
tically empty-handed.

Realizing the possibilities of San Francisco as the future metropolis of the Pacific
Coast, Mr. Hewes decided to locate there. At that time the beginning of the city's
growth made necessary the leveling of the hills and the grading and filling of the
streets and here he saw an immediate opportunity, though his limited capital made it
necessary for him to begin operations on a very limited scale. It was not long, how-
ever, until he increased his business and he was soon engaged in the prodigious task
of reclaiming the harbor, filling in blocks that are now in the heart of the city's
commercial center. To the present generation it is almost inconceivable that the shore
line once extended to Montgomery Street, all this section being made land. It was
most fitting that Mr. Hewes was called the "maker of San Francisco" since it was
through his initiative and energy that the task was undertaken and accomplished.

While not actively connected with the building of the first transcontinental rail-
road, Mr. Hewes was one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the project and it
was he who furnished the golden spike that marked the completion of the road. It
was also he who planned the connection of the railroad company's wires with that of
the Western Union, by which the taps of the silver hammer driving the golden spike
were transmitted to San Francisco, thus signalling the accomplishment of this long-
waited event. Many other activities occupied Mr. Hewes' attention in the following
years, before his removal to Southern California, where he entered upon one of his
greatest achievements — the development of the famous Hewes ranch near El Modena,
in Orange County, which he gave the name of Anapama, "a place of rest." Originally
a sheep ranch, and comprising over 800 acres, Mr. Hewes spared neither time nor ex-
penditure in its development. A large part of its acreage was converted" into a vine-
yard, but when Orange County was visited by the blight, it went the way of all the
other vineyards. Nothing daunted, Mr. Hewes at once set about to restore the ranch
by planting citrus fruit and it became one of California's noted orange groves, remain-
ing a part of the Hewes estate after Mr. Hewes' death, until January, 1920, when it
was sold for $1,000,000. The famous Hewes Park, one of the beauty spots of the
Southland, was Mr. Hewes especial pride, involving an expenditure of many thousands
of dollars. Formerly a barren hill top, this knoll is now a beautiful flower garden,
through which are many walks and drives, its lovely terraces ornamented with rare
trees and shrubs. From its summit may be seen Catalina Island, the Sierra Madre and
Santa Ana Mountains, with the snow-covered summit of "Old Baldy" in the distance.

Business alone, however, did not occupy all of Mr. Hewes' time and thought,
despite the great enterprises in which he was always concerned. A lover of art, he
spent much time during his European trips at the art centers, and his magnificent col-
lection of pictures, statuary and frescoes was ultimately presented to the Leland Stan-
ford University. A trustee of Mills College for many years, he gave generously to
that institution, one of his gifts lieing the chime of ten bells that hangs in the belfry,
and his benefactions to other schools and churches were legion. The owner of large

Z^/S</f ^^^c/97^.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 225

holdings in San Francisco, when the earthquake and fire of 1906 destroyed his building
at Sixth and Market streets, although he was at that time in his eighty-fourth year, he
at once made plans for rebuilding, the fifteen-story structure erected on the old site
costing half a million dollars, and it is considered one of the best constructed buildings
in that city.

Mr. Hewes' first marriage, which occurred in 1875, united him with Mrs. Matilda
C. Gray, and following this they spent two and a half years in Europe. It was on
their return to America that Mrs. Hewes' delicate health made it advisable to seek the
more balmy climate of Southern California, and they established their residence at
Tustin, Mrs. Hewes passing away there in 1887. Mr. Hewes was again married in
1889 to Miss Anna Lathrop, a sister of Mrs. Leland Stanford, the next eighteen months
being spent in Europe, Egypt, Palestine and other parts of the Orient. Mr. Hewes
was again bereaved of his companion in 1892, Mrs. Hewes' death occurring in August
of that year.

A man of remarkable energy, until he was past ninety Mr. Hewes continued to
drive his own horses and went about the crowded streets of Los Angeles and San
Francisco unattended, looking after his many interests. With a rich heritage of the
best New England stock, he reflected in his character the unpretentious honesty and
unswerving integrity of his forbears. His is a career that will never pass from the
memory of those who have known him, for its influence will live for all time in the
lives of those who have felt the impress of his upright manhood.

ALBERT S. BRADFORD.— No one who has recently visited the attractive and
instructive orange shows held at San Bernardino will fail to have been greatly im-
pressed by the Orange County exhibits, arranged by Albert S. Bradford, president of
the Placentia National Bank, each under his scientific and artistic touch for the past ten
years of differing and striking arrangement. He was born at Shapleigh. York County,
Maine, on August 18, 1860, the son of William Bradford, a namesake and descendant of
the famous William Bradford, who came out on the Mayflower and later was governor
of Massachusetts. A. S. Bradford's father married Miss Lucy Thompson, also a member
of a Revolutionary family who stood by Washington and his laudable aspirations
through the thick and thin of the war, or until independence had been attained.

Albert S. Bradford was reared on a district farm where he had plenty to do every
summer, although he enjoyed the usual school advantages of the rural districts in
Maine during the winter: but, concluding that such a life would aftord him little oppor-
tunity for the future, he ran away from home at the age of fourteen and started to
paddle his own canoe in the larger, if stranger world. Arriving in Boston, he' secured
employment in a market garden where garden truck was raised under glass, for which
labor he received six dollars a month and his board. He remained there for a number
of years; but he did something more than earn a living; he kept his eyes and ears open,
he studied hot-bed culture and horticulture, and by conscientious application laid a
broad and deep foundation of knowledge and practical experience of great value to him
in later years. In 1881. he even started a business of his own in the outskirts of Boston.
.A venture of another kind, that of managing a summer resort, at Colchester on Lake
Champlain. Vt., merely proved beyond question what he was best fitted for. When,
therefore, he established himself at Stoneham, Mass., and began to cultivate garden
produce, he was able to give it his undivided attention and effort.

.'\bout the time of the great boom in California, that is. in 1887. Mr. Bradford
came to the Coast, stopping for a while at San Diego and then coming to Santa Ana.
at that time in Los .\ngeles County, just in time to take a prominent part in the forma-
tion of Orange County in 1889. At first, he was foreman of the Daniel Halladay ranch;
1)ut in 1890 he located in what is now the Placentia district and acquired twenty acres of
land on Palm Avenue — the Tesoro ranch — to which he added later, so that now he owns
some fifty-five acres, all set out to Valencia and Navel oranges, under his expert direc-
tion brought to a high state of cultivation. Besides this. Mr. Bradford has other citrus
land holdings, including oil-producing property.

He helped to organize the Southern California Fruit Exchange, and was a director
in the same, although for a number of years he was an independent fruit packer and
owned his own packing house. Later he sold this to R. T. Davies, and he now packs
through him. For fifteen years he was a director of the .-Knaheim Union Water Com-
pany, and chairman of the ditch committee, and he helped to organize the First National
Bank and the -American Savings Bank of Anaheim, and is still a director in both.

Mr. Bradford's place in California history, is pleasantly assured through his dis-
tinction as the founder of the town of Placentia. He bought sixty acres of land for the
townsite from Richard Melrose of .\naheim in 1910. laid out the town and secured the
right-of-way for the 'Santa Fe Railroad to build its line; and Placentia is now a busy,
thriving town, with paved streets, modern business lilocks and atlracti'.e hur.ies, situated

226 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

in the heart of the richest orange and oil section of Orange County. It has a modern,
up-to-date grammar school and its own private water system for domestic service. The
Placentia Domestic Water Works has one well ISO feet deep, and another 187 feet, with
a modern pumping plant. Two large iron tanks hold 52,000 gallons, and a small tank
contains 1.800 gallons, for the use of the packing houses. The largest street main is a
six-inch pipe, and there are now 228 water meters installed. There are eight tire
hydrants, and the town has a twenty-horsepower electric motor. It will be seen, there-
fore, that with clear, pure water, the water system of Placentia compares favorably
with that of any other place in the county.

The Placentia National Bank of which Mr. Bradford is president was organized
by him in 1911, and occupies a modern brick building of its own — some evidence of its
almost phenomenal success from the start. He was organizer of Placentia Savings Bank
and president of it and is also a director in the Standard Bond and Mortgage Company
of Los Angeles, president of the Republican Petroleum Corporation, and director in
the Orange County Automobile Association. He is chairman of the County Board of
Foresters, and vice-president and director in the Southern Counties Gas Company, all
of them representative business associations. Since 1909 he has had charge, as has
been said, of the Orange County exhibit at the annual orange show held in San Ber-
nardino each February, and for ten season has made a new- and novel design.

Mr. Bradford has been married three times. The first Mrs. Bradford w-as Miss
Fannie R. Mead before her marriage, and she was a native of Winchester, Mass., and
the daughter of Captain H. Mead. The latter commanded the U. S. Gunboat Monadnock
during the siege of Fort Fisher, in the Civil War, and continuing to follow the high
seas, he met a tragic death in the burning of his steamer ofl Cape Hatteras. Four
children blessed the union: Elsie G., the only daughter, grew up to graduate from the
FuUerton high school, and died on March 17, 1908. Hartwell A. and Percy L. became
mainstays to their parents; but the mother, who passed away on January 9, 1910, did
not see the patriotic service of the younger child. Warren M. Bradford, who served in
France in the World War, as first lieutenant of the Twenty-third U. S. Engineers.
His was the strenuous life of the able-bodied, idealistic and enthusiastic soldier, who
never was willing to do the minimum possible, and it is not surprising that he was in
several of the most important and famous drives. The blow to Mr. Bradford in the
death of his devoted companion threatened to unnerve and incapacitate him; but
through the endeavor to overcome the ill eflfects, he accomplished the great work of
providing for the Santa Fe cut-off from Richfield to Fullerton, through Placentia, and
also for the founding of the latter town. Hartwell A. Bradford graduated from the
Colorado School of Mines, and has made a name for himself as a mining expert in
both the United States and Mexico. Percival Loring Bradford was graduated from
the .\rmour Institute of Chicago, as an electrical engineer; while Warren is a musician
with proficiency on the piano and cornet. The second Mrs. Bradford was Ellen R.
Mead who died November 23. 1918. The present Mrs. Bradford was Mrs. Winifred
Wade Bryan, born in Missouri, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Wade.

Mr. Bradford is one of the most prominent Masons in California, having been
made a Mason in .Anaheim Lodge No. 207, F. & A. M., of which he was master three
years. He was exalted to the Royal .^rch degree in Santa Ana Chapter and was an
organizer of Fullerton Chapter No. 90, R. A. M., and for three years was its high
priest, although he did the work for five years. He is a member of the Grand Chapter
of California and was deputy grand lecturer of the Nineteenth district. He is also a
member of Santa .\na Council No. 14, R. & S. M. Mr. Bradford was knighted in
Santa Ana Commandery No. 36, Knights Templar, and afterwards became a charter
member of Fullerton Commandery. He is a member of Los Angeles Consistory. S. R.,
and also a life member of A\ Malaikah Temple, .\. A. O N. M. S., Los Angeles. .Always
a believer in protection and nationalism for Americans he is decidedly a Republican
and has always been active and prominent in matters of political moment to the
county and state.

STROTHER S. BALL — During his forty years of continuous residence in
Orange County, Strother S. Ball has witnessed the marvelous development of agri-
culture and citrus culture in the county, as well as the growth of villages into up-to-
date cities. He was born January 29, 1848, in Gentry County, Mo., the son of Hezekiah
R. and Ellen (Stephens) Ball, the former a native of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Hezekiah
Ball were the parents of eight children, five of whom are living.

In 1865, after the Civil War, the family migrated, by the ox-team route, to Arizoija.
The indomitable spirit of the pioneer possessed this hardy family to such a degree
that they determined to migrate still farther westward until the Golden State was
reached. In 1866 the family arrived in San Ber;iardino, where they remained until
1880, when they located in what is now Orange County.

r':^..^jf^.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 229

In 1881 Hezekiah Ball purchased 200 acres of land at the small price of fifteen
dollars an acre. Here he followed general farming until his passing away in 1909. The
land was subsequently divided and disposed of, Strother Ball receiving his share of the
estate. Mr. Ball occupies an established place in the community where he has so long
been a resident, and stands high in the estimation of a large circle of friends.

RICHARD T. HARRIS. — A public official who made an enviable record that
will long speak for both his high sense of integrity and his sagacity was the late
Richard T. Harris, the first sheriff and tax collector, and the third treasurer of Orange
County. He was born in Richmond, Va., on February 15, 1859, the son of John
and Grace Harris, now deceased, who were both natives of Cornwall, England, where
they were also married. They located, on first coming to America, in Richmond, \'a.,
but, attracted by the exciting news of the discovery of gold in California, came out to
California in 1860 and located in Grass Valley, Nevada County. For a while Mr.
Harris followed mining there, and then he came to Healdsburg, Sonoma County,
and from there to Santa Clara County. In the Centennial year of 1876, Mr. Harris
settled in the Garden Grove district, which was then in Los Angeles County, and
there followed farming.

On reaching young manhood. Richard T. Harris entered the mercantile field,
conducting a general merchandise store at Westminster. When Orange County
was formed, he was one of those distinguished by his foresight and his helpful par-
ticipation in the hard work of the project, and naturally he was elected — by a majority
of 1.700— the first sheriff and tax collector. Later he was elected county treasurer.
In each of these offices he served a term and became one of the best-known men
in the county. He was also interested in ranching and devoted considerable of his
time to growing walnuts, oranges and celery. Politically he was a stanch Republican.

On July 3, 1888, at Westminster, Mr. Harris was married to Miss Maria S.
Larter, a native of Ontario. Canada, the family home being only six miles from
Niagara Falls. She was the daughter of Robert and Mary J. (Hansler) Larter, born
in Norwich, England, and Canada, respectively. Mrs. Harris accompanied her par-
ents to Westminster in 1876, her father being one of the pioneer farmers there, and
this was his home until his death. His widow survives, making her home at West-
minster. Mr. and Mrs. Harris were the parents of one daughter, Geraldine May,
who passed away at the age of nine years. Mrs. Harris is a cultured and refined
woman, well-read and well-traveled, and this, coupled with a retentive memory,
makes her a very interesting conversationalist. She is also endowed with much
liusiness acumen, which stands her in good stead in the management of the large
affairs left her by her husband, a stewardship of which she is giving a good account.

Mr. Harris was a director in the Santa Ana Cooperative Sugar Company, and
took a live interest in the establishment of this plant which has done so much to build
up the county. He also served for a time as assistant postmaster at Westminster,
and also started the telephone company there. During the early history of the oil
industry in Southern California, he was one of the prime movers in the organization
of the Fidelity Oil Company, and operated in the Whittier field. His ventures were
successful and he retired from that line with a considerable fortune. On his demise,
on November 28, 1911. the local newspaper said of him: "A man of business aflfairs.
he was progressive, and had been active in the promotion of several enterprises that
have benefited this city and county. That he was highly esteemed and enjoyed the
confidence of the public is evidenced by the fact that he held county office at two
different times."

DANIEL KRAEMER. — Among the famous pathfinders bringing civilization and
progress to this promising corner of the Golden State, and the first white settler to
pitch a tent in the Placentia district in Orange County, and the first white family to
settle outside of the willow fence inclosing the .Anaheim settlement, Daniel Kraemcr,
who passed to his eternal reward in 1882. deserves the lasting recognition of a reveren-
tial posterity. Born at St. John, one of the most picturesquely-situated mountain re-
sorts in the Swabian .-Mps, Bavaria, not far from the renowned castle of Lichtenstein,
on November 17, 1816, he came to America at the age of twenty-six. and located near
Belleville, in St. Clair County, 111., where he took up farming. He also married there,
and in that prosperous section of the Middle West his nine children were born.

Two tedious trips were made between his Illinois home and Southern California
before he made this section his permanent home: for he first came West in 1865.
bought his land, and returned to Illinois. The following year he came here again,
but once more found it necessary to return East. On his third trip, in 1867, he brought
his family with him. To make the journey at that time meant to take the railway from
St. Louis to New York, thence by boat to the Isthmus of Panama, after that by steamer
to San Francisco, and next by boat to San Pedro, from which port the tourists took
wagons overland to the ranch.

230 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

When he first came here, in 1865, Mr. Kraemer purchased a portion of the
original Mexican grant known as the San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana Rancho, his par-
ticular part being designated the Peor Es Nada Rancho, named from a Mexican
village then near by, and meaning in Spanish, "Worse than nothing." Its English
name, however, was "The Cajon Ranch." This strip of land comprised 3,900 acres, and
its original boundaries were what is now Placentia Avenue on the west, the J. K.
Tuffree Ranch on the north, the Richfield territory on the east, and the Santa Ana
River on the south. Cattle and horses at first roamed freely there, but later the sheep
herds crowded them out, so that really the latter made way for the farmer and the
horticulturist.

This great ranch remained intact until the death of its owner in 1882, and since
that time most of its acreage has been sold, so that the once princely domain consti-
tutes a large portion of the present Placentia district. On his first trip here, Mr.
Kraemer found a ditch, the Ontiveros, which ran eastward from the house he bought
through what is now the district of Richfield, and then through Yorba, the intake being
close to the old Trinidad Yorba house; and returning from the East in 1867, he dis-
covered that the flow from this ditch, his only irrigation supply, was being seriously
interfered with. He then built a ditch of his own to the Santa Ana River, which
intersected the Ontiveros ditch, one and a half miles east of his home, and this
was the first individual canal to be built in this section. He was also one of the
projectors of the Cajon Canal, built in 1875, which carries water through all of the
Placentia district, through Fullerton and Orangethorpe. and much of Anaheim.

Mr. Kraemer showed his appreciation of popular education in helping to organize
the Cajon School district, in 1874, the first district in this section, and donated an
acre of ground for school purposes. Five years later, this district was renamed the
Placentia. He brought both the first mowing and the first sewing machine here, and
before he laid aside his earthly labors, on February 6, 1882, he had splendidly im-
proved between 400 and 500 acres of his vast estate.

When Daniel Kraemer married, he took for his wife Miss Magdalena E. Schrag,
a native of Battenberg, Germany, and of Swiss parentage; a most valuable helpmate,
who died on January 3, 1889. One of their daughters, Elizabeth, died on November
18, 1875. The other children are: Henry Kraemer of Placentia; Mrs. Barbara Parker
of Anaheim; D. J. Kraemer of Brownsville, Texas; Samuel Kraemer, also of Pla-
centia; Mrs. Emma M. Grimshaw of Anaheim; she has a daughter, M. Alice Grim-
shaw, a teacher in the Anaheim public schools; Edward M. Kraemer of Olive; Mrs.
Mary K. Miller of Anaheim, and Benjamin, living on the original Kraemer home place
at Placentia. A son of Mrs. Miller, Edward L. Miller, is a graduate from Occidental
College, and when the World War called for his services, he enlisted. He served
twenty-two months with the now historic One Hundred Seventeenth Engineer Corps,
was in six important drives, and six times went "over the top."

MRS. MARY ORILLA KELLOGG.— It seems eminently fitting that the names
of the early pioneers of California should be perpetuated in such a manner that their
labors, in the days of trials and hardships, may remain an inspiration and encourage-
ment to the toilers of today. Great honor is due the names of those courageous men
and women who braved the perils of the overland trail in their untiring efi^orts to
blaze a path and establish a civilization for the generations to come. In California
and Orange County, the names of Benjamin Franklin and Mary Orilla Kellogg stand
out prominently.

By those who knew him during his active life, Mr. Kellogg is recalled as a
man who contributed not a little to the permanent growth of the localities in which
he elected to reside. No one knew better than he the terrors of the overland
trail or more dearly won his right to be numbered among the most courageous of
the western pioneers. He was born in Morgan County, 111.. April 31, 1822, and was
the youngest of six children. A descendant of a prominent New England family,
his father, Elisha, was born in Massachusetts, and settled in Genesee County. N. Y..
where he was judge and sheriff. Upon removing to Morgan County. 111., he built
the first house in the county and did farming and stock raising on a large scale. Later
he moved to Jo Daviess County, and there he died in 1844. He married Elizabeth
Derrick, who was born in Connecticut, and died in Jo Daviess County, 111.

In his youth, B. F, Kellogg received but a limited education and was brought up
to farm labor of the severest kind. In 1844 himself and brother Erwin went to the
Rocky Mountains in search- of a silver mine, but, failing in their quest, secured a Gov-
ernment contract and built Fort Laramie. They met with many uncanny and danger-
ous adventures, which, however, did not diminish their enthusiasm for the West. Two
years later found them en route to the Pacific Coast as members of the Donner party,
but few of whom ever reached their destination. The brothers parted from the original

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 235

party at Donner Lake, and proceeded with others upon what proved to be a terrible
and hauntingly gruesome journey. At one time, while searching for the silver mine
near Fort Laramie, they were attacked by Pawnee Indians, stripped of their clothes
and robbed of all they had with them. So reduced were they that they had to eat
walnuts and raw frogs. The brothers were at one time separated from each other,
and during this time, B. F. Kellogg, in lieu of any kind of food, and on the verge
of starvation, scratched the hair from his buffalo coat and ate the hide. In time
he was found by his brother, who had gone in search of help, in an almost dying
condition, and was succored by some friendly Indians whom they chanced to meet.

Arriving in Napa Valley, Mr. Kellogg enlisted in General Fremont's army and
served six months, and was honorably discharged in April, 1847. He was also a
veteran of the Mexican War. He engaged in mining with varying success, then
turned his attention to farming in Napa X'alley, and later in the vicinity of St. Helena.
On September 5, 1864, at White Sulphur Springs, he married Mary Orilla Lillie,
who was born in Fulton County, 111., on July 15, 1832, a daughter of Luther and
Orilla (Morgan) Lillie, natives of Connecticut. Her paternal grandfather, David
Lillie, was also born in Connecticut, and settled first in New York, then in Ohio, and
later in Indiana. In 1831 he located in Fulton County, 111., of which he was a pioneer,
and where he died at the age of eighty-two years. He served as a soldier in the Revo-
lutionary War and the Black Hawk War. Luther Lillie was a farmer in New York,
Ohio and Illinois, and was also a millwright and machinist, and had shops in the dif-
ferent places in which he lived. He settled in Illinois in 1831 at a time when the
Indians were numerous and troublesome. He died in 1837 and his wife passed away
in 1833, the mother of fourteen children. One son, Leonard G., came to California
in 1850 and died in Napa Valley, and two daughters, Mrs. Rosana Evey and Mrs.
Emeline Butler, came West in 1854 and 1855, respectively.

Mrs. Kellogg was reared in Illinois and attended school in a little log school-
house with slab benches, and later in a frame building. When she was twenty months
of age her mother died, and when she was seven her father passed away, and she
went to live with a family named Breed. From the first she was obliged to work
hard between the rising and the setting of the sun, so that school was a luxury and
leisure an unheard-of commodity. In 1853 she undertook to accompany her brother,
Leonard G., his wife and their five children, and her sister, Mrs. Butler, to California.
The experiences while crossing the plains are vividly recalled by Mrs. Kellogg at
this day, and contained much of interest and adventure. The ox-teams were out-
fitted at Farmington, 111., and they crossed the Mississippi at Burlington on May 3,
1853. thence took the Platte route and the Green River route to Humboldt and the
Southern pass route to Sacramento and Napa Valley. In the Napa \'alley the brother
built and operated a grist mill, and here Mrs. Kellogg lived until her marriage in 1854.

On May 21, 1869, Mr. and Mrs. Kellogg brought their family of eight children
to Anaheim, in the vicinity of which Mr. Kellogg bought 640 acres of land from the
Stearns Rancho Company. This land was improved from the rough, built up with
residences and barns, and fitted with wells and fences, and rendered generally habit-
able. While these improvements were being made the family lived in a tent. There
were no houses between their place and Los Angeles, nor were there any towns to
the south of them. Disaster followed in the wake of all this industry, for the grass-
hoppers and wild horses played havoc with the crops for three succeeding years.
In time Mr. Kellogg became prosperous, and a prominent factor in the general growth
of this locality. He gave each of his sons a tract of forty acres of land which they
improved. Politically he was a Republican, and while in Napa County served as
coroner and as school trustee. In Orange County, then Los .Angeles County, he
donated three acres of land for a schoolhouse and was one of the trustees for many
years. The death of Mr. Kellogg, December 16, 1890, witnessed the passing of a
thoroughly good man, and one who knew the value of opportunity and how to use it.

After her husband's death, Mrs, Kellogg, with the aid of her sons, kept alive the
interests of the home, and she now retains but eighteen acres of the original home-
stead, and this is planted to walnuts and oranges. She has divided the portion of
land left to her equally among her daughters. She is a Republican in politics, and
in earlier years was a member of the W. R. C. and W. C. T. U., and is a member
of the Christian Church. In that calm and splendid way known only to the pioneer
women who have suffered much and endured patiently, she has reared to years of
usefulness nine children, to any one of whom their mother is the embodiment of all
that is true, gracious and approachable in women. H. Clay is a graduate of W'ilson
College and is a surveyor and civil engineer at Santa Ana: Mary E. became the wife
of Byron O. Clark and lives at Paradise. Butte County; Erwin F. is deceased: Louisa

236 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

J. is Mrs. L. A. Evans of Orange County; Leonard G. is in Guatemala; Edward L.
is ranching at Van Xuys; Lillie M. married William Dunlap and is deceased; Clara
E. became Mrs. Carl F. Raab and is deceased, and Carrie A. married Richard N.
Bird of Los Angeles.

A splendid type of pioneer woman. Mrs. Kellogg met the trials and hardships of
the early years with patience and fortitude, and now in her eighty-ninth year, still
retains a remarkable degree of vitality for one of her years, and is still greatly inter-
ested in the development of the county where she has lived for over half a century.
She has living thirty-three grandchildren and twenty-five great-grandchildren to call
her blessed.

DR. WILLIAM FREEMAN.— Among the distinguished representatives of the
medical profession in Orange County whose influence for scientific progress is still _felt
although, as the result of years of unremitting application to his work he has been
retired for nearly six years, is William Freeman, M. D., a native of Medina County,
Ohio, where he was born on January 6, 1841. He attended the public schools of his
home district, but when seventeen removed to DeKalb County, Ind., and continued his
studies in the Auburn Academy. Having been commissioned by the school authorities
to teach, he took charge of a school the ne.xt year; but in 1861, at the second call by
the Federal Government for soldiers he enlisted on September 5. and joined Company
H, Thirtieth Indiana \olunteer Infantry. He campaigned in Kentucky and Tennessee,
as a part of the Army of the Cumberland, and saw stirring action in more than one
important battle or engagement. These included the battle of Shiloh, Stone River, in
which he received a gunshot wound through the right hand, and the battle of Chica-
mauga, where he was permanently disabled by a shot through the body. He was laid
up for a while in a Chattanooga hospital, from which he was transferred to Murfrees-
boro, where he was compelled to stay for several months. At length he was taken home
by his father on a stretcher, and on his recovering to a degree, he was made sergeant
of sanitary police at Totten Field Hospital in Louisville. At the expiration of his term
of enlistment, he was returned to Indianapolis and honorably discharged. To such
men as Dr. Freeman, the Union owes its preservation today.

Before he enlisted, our subject had commenced the study of medicine, and on
once more regaining his civic freedom, he went back to Auburn, Ind., and again took
up the subject under Dr. A. H. Larimore. a noted practitioner. When he was ready for
a course of lectures, he went to the Cincinnati College of Medicine, and after the usual
severe tests, he joined the graduating class of '67. Then he opened an office at Vevay,
Ind., and later practiced at Madison, in the same state. Ambitious to still further
perfect himself, he pursued post-graduate work at Indianapolis, and once more resumed
practice, first at Vevay and then at Madison.

Still suffering from the wounds he had received in the service of his country,
and broken in health from overwork, Dr. Freeman left the Middle West in 1894 and
sought relief in less frigid California. For two years he rested at San Diego, and when
he had practically restored his health, he came to Orange County. He was attracted
to Fullerton in particular, and there for eighteen years he enjoyed a highly remunerative
practice. A man of foresight, anticipating the needs of the community. Dr. Free-
man was one of the early promoters of the Fullerton Hospital, which became also an
excellent training school for nurses. He invested in city property, and so showed his
confidence in the future of Fullerton. and built a cosy residence, at the same time that
he improved seven acres to oranges on Orangethorpe Avenue. Dr. Freeman removed
to near Anaheim and bought eleven and a half acres on Santa Ana Street, where he
set out oranges, there being some walnut trees on the place, and soon demonstrated
his ability to succeed as a rancher. He remained there eighteen months then returned
to Fullerton and bought twenty and a half acres adjoining his original seven; this
he also set to oranges and kept it until 1918 when he sold it. In Fullerton, where he
is a pioneer. Dr. Freeman had been health officer, administering his responsibility so
well that no contagious disease was ever allowed to spread during the four years he
served as first city health officer. He was one of the organizers of the Chamber of
Commerce. In Anaheim he lent his experience and counsel in the direction of im-
proved sanitation and greater assurance for public health. When in Indiana, he served
his fellow-citizens for a couple of terms in the state legislature, and was also one of the
directors of tlie Indiana State Reform School, and these experiences enabled him to
be the more serviceable when he assumed citizenship in California. He was also for
seven years on the Indiana Board of Pension Examiners.

By his first marriage. Dr. Freeman became the father of four children — A. W.
Freeman, an oil man of Oklahoma; T. A. Freeman, a produce dealer of Santa Barbara;
W. A. Freeman, manager of the Mission Produce Company, at Santa Maria; and

^<y^A t A^^^-tyC^^^^l^-

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

Mrs. Fred Shaw of El Centro. At Whittier, he married his second wife, Miss Belle
McFadden, a native of Illinois, who was reared in Mercer County in that state. Both
Doctor and Mrs. Freeman are members of the Eastern Star, and the Doctor belongs
to Fullerton Lodge. No. 339, F. & A. M. He is also a member of Malvern Hill Post,
G. A. R.. and was chief mustering officer under Colonel Merrill, when he was depart-
ment commander. He is hale and hearty, and looks back with pleasure to the arduous
days in Indiana, when for twenty-five years he attended to his practice while riding
horseback, often on wide circuits. Dr. Freeman belongs to the Christian Church.

LEWIS FENNO MOULTON.— The steady increase in population and the tend-
ency toward intensive cultivation of the land have had much to do with the dividing
up of the great ranches of the early Spanish grants into small tracts. Noteworthy
among the few large tracts that still remain intact is the great Moulton ranch of 22,000
acres which lies southwest or El Tore. Lewis Fenno Moulton, its original proprietor
and owner, still directs its afifairs with the ability and energy that have always char-
acterized his undertakings.

Prominent in the early colonial affairs of New England, the Moulton family has
contributed many representatives who occupied important posts in the stirring political
and military affairs of that day. One of the bravest of these was Gen. Jeremiah Moul-
ton, who served with distinction in the Revolutionary War, and was one of the most
zealous of the colonies' defenders. Sharing in this patriotic spirit were other members
of the family. Samuel Farrar, who participated in the Battle of Concord, and Samuel
Fenno, whose name is associated with the events that led up to the Boston tea party.
In the second war with the Mother Country, Jotham Moulton, the son of Gen. Jere-
miah Moulton, displayed the same spirit as his forbears, taking an active part in the
conflict. Jotham Moulton, a physician by profession, married Lucy Farrar. and for
many years they made their home in Bucksport, Maine, .\mong their children was
J. Tilden Moulton, the father of Lewis F., who was born in Maine in 1808. After
graduating from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School, and practicing his pro-
fession in Cherryfield, "Maine, for several years, he removed to Chicago, 111., where
for many years he occupied a place of distinction in its legal circles. In addition to
his large practice he served as a master in chancery of the L^nited States Court at
Chicago, and was as well known in its journalistic circles, being one of the first
editors of the Chicago Tribune. His high professional standing brought him into
contact with all the great men of that day and locality, and among the friendships he
prized most was that of Abraham Lincoln, who was one of his classmates in law-
college. During his residence in the East he had i)een united in marriage with Miss
Charlotte Harding Fenno, a native of Massachusetts, but who was reared and edu-
cated in Connecticut.

Mr. and Mrs. J. Tilden Moulton were the parents of two children: Irving F., for
many years vice-president and cashier of the Bank of California, but now retired, resid-
ing at San Francisco, and Lewis Fenno, the subject of this sketch. He was born at
Chicago on January 17, 1854, and spent the first years of his life in the parental home
there, one of his early and cherished memories being of Abraham Lincoln, who fre-
quently came to the Moulton home. Unlike his father, his inclination did not lie in the
way of training for a professional career, and as soon as he had completed the grammar
school course he set about to earn his own living, the father's death when Lewis was
but a young lad also making it expedient for him to learn to make his way in the
world. His first work was packing shingles on Chicago wharfs, and later, after the
death of the father, the family removed to Boston, Mass., and here he was employed
by a storekeeper to run errands, earning a dollar and a half per week. .At the age
of fifteen he began working on the old Daniel Webster farm near Marshfield, Mass..
remaining there for three years.

Feeling that the Far West offered greater opportunities Mr. Moulton started on
the long trip to California in 1874, making the journey by way of the Isthmus of
Panama. Locating at once at Santa .Ana, then Los Angeles County, but now Orange
County, he began work on the San Joaquin ranch near Santa Ana, and subsequently
went into the sheep raising business with C. E. French, continuing in this for several
years. Going to San Francisco he established a wholesale slaughter house there, but
this did not prove a financial success, so he returned after a short time to Orange
County. He soon was able to start afresh, and it was but a short time initil he was
on the road to prosperity. His first purchase, about 1895, was a tract of 19,500 acres
adjoining the San Joaquin ranch and extending to the ocean, and this has been in-
creased by subsequent purchase until the ranch now comprises 22.000 acres. Mr.
Moulton is extensively engaged in raising beef cattle for the market, mostly high-
.erade Durham Shorthorn cattle: so he is very naturally a member of the California
Cattle Growers .Association. The acreage not required for pasturage is devoted to

240 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

raising barley, wheat, beans and hay, Mr. Moulton leasing it to tenants for this
purpose, from ten to fifteen farmers usually being engaged on the place.

Every department of the business is systematically organized and conducted,
the greater part of it under the personal supervision of Mr. Moulton, whose ability
as a business head and executive has been one of the chief factors in the eminent
success that he has made. A well-appointed ofifice is maintained on the ranch, and
there are two commodious residences, one of which is occupied by Mr. Moulton,
while the other is the home of Mrs. M. E. Daguerre. who owns a third interest in
the ranch, her husband, Jean Pierre Daguerre, having been Mr. Moulton's partner
before his decease. Excellent barns and outbuildings, well-kept lawns and drives
add to the attractiveness of the ranch, which is always kept up to the highest state
of cultivation. While the responsibility entailed by the details of this extensive busi-
ness absorbs the greater part of Mr. Moulton's time, he has always been active in his
support of the Republican party, and is known throughout the county as one of its
most generous and large-hearted citizens in his many benefactions.

MRS. MINERVA J. FLIPPEN.— A liberal-minded, interesting native daughter,
especially proud of the fact that her father was a forty-niner, is Mrs. Minerva J.
Flippen, the widow of a well-known Californian, esteemed by all his associates. She
is the daughter of Nathan Stanley Danner, who was born on the Catawba River, in
North Carolina, in 1822, and the granddaughter of John Danner, who moved from North
Carolina to Missouri, and settled as a farmer near Springfield. There his wife died;
and in 1857 he crossed the great plains in an o.x team train, and died in 1871 in Merced
County in his eighty-fourth year. The Danners are of German extraction, the pro-
genitor of the name in America, John Danner, coming to North Carolina before the
Revolutionary War. Nathan S. Danner came across the plains from Missouri to Cali-
fornia in 1849 as a gold-seeker, and mined in Marysville and the Sierra Mountains,
down into Mariposa County, where he also had a store; and he was so successful that
in 1852 he returned East by way of Panama, to Missouri. There he was married that
year to Miss Minerva Pearce, who was born in Tennessee in 1835, the daughter of
Edmund Pearce, of English descent, and in the year 1857 he again came to California,
once more traveling by way of Panama, and located on the Tuolumne River, in Stan-
islaus County, where he engaged in farming and the raising of cattle. The flood of
1862 washed away his house, cattle and farm implements, and even the farm became
lost in the bed of the Tuolumne River; whereupon he moved to the Merced River, in
1863. He first settled on an island, but the flood of 1867 covered it, and again he lost
his crops; but he took his family away in a boat, and moved to Hopeton, six miles
from Snelling. Here he farmed until October, 1872, when he and his family removed
to Kern County, near Linns Valley, forty miles northeast of Bakersfield, where he
followed stock raising; he improved a farm near \\'oody, and at Blue Mountain he
opened the mine that is still being exploited. He set out big trees and otherwise
improved the place, and went in for stock raising, although, since there were bear,
deer and antelope in profusion, they had plenty of profitable hunting. Later he moved
north into Tulare County, and owned a place on White River, where he resided until he
died, in 1892. Mrs. Danner spent her last days with Mrs. Flippen, and died in 1911,
aged seventy-four years. She had four children; John resides in Porterville; Minerva
J., Mrs. Flippen, is the subject of our interesting sketch; Jefiferson lives at Willows, Cal.,
and Lee J. Danner is also a resident of Orange. Of these, John Danner was born in
Missouri, and the others are natives of California.

Minerva J. Danner was educated in the public schools of Merced County, par-
ticularly in the district of Woody; and there she was married on May 10, 1876. to
Thomas M. Flippen, a native of Virginia, who came to California when seventeen,
accompanying his father. Archer Flippen. The latter had had a tobacco factory and
three plantations in Virginia, all of which were destroyed by the Civil War; but h*"
recuperated somewhat in taking up stock raising in California, near Woody. Mi.
Flippen also engaged in the sheep raising business in Fresno County, then began
raising stock in Linns Valley after his marriage; but in February, 1891, he traded his
ranch for land in Orange County. The first ranch that he owned here was located
near Olive, and there he went in for general farming. He set out walnuts, apricots
and peaches, and three years later made a trade for the present Flippen place of
twenty acres on East Chapman Avenue. He improved it in many ways, taking out
the old trees and setting out Valencia oranges; and as he developed the valuable prop-
erty, he became an active member of the Santiago Orange Growers Association, in
which he also became a director. His lamented death, on May 19, 1913, at the age
of sixty-two years, cut short a very useful career, of benefit to himself as well as to
others. He was a director in the First National Bank of Orange, and a stockholder
in the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Santa Ana. He was also a director in the

O-^- ^^^^UA

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 243

Orange County Mutual Farmers Insurance Company. He was made a Mason in the
Bakersfield Lodge during the eighties.

Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Flippen. Marion S. is an orange grower
of this vicinity, as are also Wade H. and Lucian, while Jeffie is in the California Art
Craft School at Berkeley, and \'irginia, the youngest, is a student at Stanford. Florence,
next to the youngest, is a graduate of Occidental College, and the wife of Donald
Smiley of El Modena. Since Mr. Flippen's death, Mrs. Flippen has continued to run
the ranch and to look after the business, assisted by her children. She is a member
of the Presbyterian Church and participates actively in the work of the several ladies'
societies affiliated with that excellent congregational organization.

CHARLES DEXTER BALL, M.D.— Closely identified with Santa Ana and
Orange County since 1887, Charles Dexter Ball, M.D., is recognized as one of its suc-
cessful physicians as well as one of the stanch upbuilders of Santa Ana. He comes
from English forbears, and his lineage is traced back to Wiltshire, England, and it
was from that place that six Ball brothers came to America in 1635 on the ship Planter.
Benjamin Ball, a grandson of one of these brothers, settled in Framingham, Mass., in
1703. His grandson, Dr. Silas Ball, was a surgeon in the American Army during the
Revolutionary War.

Dr. C. D. Ball's father was Seth F. Ball, grandson of the Revolutionary surgeon,
and he was born in Leverett, Mass., in 1822, and died in Santa Ana in 1900. He was
twice married, his first wife being Arvilla Field, who died in 1884, and he was later
married to Mary E. Rogers, who survives him. Two children were born of his first
marriage, Charles Dexter Ball of this review, and a daughter who died in infancy.
The mother was a descendant of Zachariah Field, one of the grantees of the state
of Connecticut, and of Benjamin Waite, preacher, guide and Indian fighter, who was
killed in the Deerheld massacre in 1704. The French and Indian wars of New England
presented no more daring and picturesque character than Benjamin W'aite. Seth F.
Ball came to California in 1854 and remained for four years, after which he removed
to Canada. He resided there until 1894, and then returned to California and settled
in Santa Ana, where his last years were spent.

Charles Dexter Ball was born in Stanstead. Quebec, October 5, 1859. He re-
ceived his literary education at Stanstead Academy and the Wesleyan College of Stan-
rtead; later he studied medicine at Bishops College in Montreal, completing his course
and receiving his degree of M.D. in 1884. He began the practice of his profession in
his native city, but it became necessary for him to seek a milder climate, and he accord-
ingly came to Southern California and settled in Santa Ana in September, 1887. This
was before Orange County had been formed, and the territory was a part of Los
Angeles County, and ever since that date he has been actively engaged in the practice
of his profession here, and is now the second oldest practitioner in point of residence
in Santa Ana. In 1912 Dr. Ball received the ad eundem degree from McGill Univer-
sity, Canada. He has been closely identified with the movements that have made
Orange County one of the best-known counties in the State, if not in the United States.

Dr. Ball assisted in organizing the Orange County Medical Association in 1889, and
later served as its president: he was also a charter member of the Southern California
Medical Society, organized in 1888, and has filled the office of president; he also holds
membership in the American Medical Association. He has seen Santa Ana grow from
a small village into one of the leading small cities of the state, and has been owner
of valuable realtv holdings from time to time.

In 1883 Dr". Ball married Lizzie S. Bates, and she died in August. 1888. On
October 24 of the following year, in San Leandro, Cal.. he married Emma L. Rankin,
born in Richmond, Canada, on June 3. 1861. a daughter of Zera Rankin, of Scotch
descent, and a prominent business man of Richmond. Mrs. Ball's mother died when
she was a babe of two months. In 1886 she came to California, and in 1888 she was
graduated from the Oakland high school. Of this happy marriage four children have
been born: Charles F. Ball, now first assistant chief engineer of the Holt Manufac-
turing Company at Peoria, 111. He married on .April 26, . 1917, Miss Margaret G.
Weeks, and they have a daughter. Margaret Elizabeth, born October 2. 1918: Dexter
R. Ball is interning at the University Hospital in San Francisco; John D. Ball is a
senior in the medical department of the University of California at San Francisco. He
married Isabel Jayne on June 28. 1919; and Emma Arvilla Ball makes her home with
her oarents in Santa Ana. .All of the children are graduates of the University of
California, at Berkeley.

Dr. Ball has always been a Republican and has taken an interesting part in
I'olitical afifairs of the state and nation, being elected a delegate to the Republican
National Convention in Chicago in 1920 by a large majority. He has been president
of the .Abstract and Title Guaranty Company for thirty-five years, is a director of the

244 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

First National Bank of Santa Ana; president of the Santa Ana library board since
1895; president of the Orange County Historical Society; a member of the Sons
of the American Revolution, California Chapter; prominent in the Odd Fellows
and Masons, holding membership in the various bodies of the latter in Santa Ana,
and the Shrine in Los Angeles. He served in Los Angeles throughout the entire
war as the medical member and referee of the Southern California District Exemp-
tion Board No. 1, giving of his best efforts to help win the war. He and his family
are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Public spirited and progressive, Dr. Ball has always been a leader in all enter-
prises for the upbuilding of Santa Ana and has done all that was possible to advance
the social and moral welfare of its citizens. He has built up an extensive practice and
is well known in the medical circles of the entire state as an able and high-minded
practitioner and citizen.

CHARLES PARKMAN TAFT.— The ninth generation of the Taft family in
America is represented by Charles Parkman Taft, of Orange County, Cal., and he
was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, July 11, 1856. His father, Henry Cheney Taft.
was a native of Uxbridge, Mass., and of Scotch descent, who married Hannah Sophia
Parkman of Westboro, Mass. She represented the fifth generation of the Parkman
family in America and was of English extraction. The various members of the Taft
and Parkman families in this country have been prominently identified with the
making of American history as statesmen, scientists and scholars, many of them
attaining to places of prominence in the various localities in which they have lived
and labored.

Charles P. Taft ' is a thorough American, is a graduate from Racine College,
Racine, Wis., class of m . and after leaving college he taught school for two and one-
half years, then ca'me to California and spent a year looking about the state for a
desirable place of residence. He then settled in Los Angeles County with his parents,
on the ranch where he now lives, and has participated in the wonderful development
of what is now Orange County. Here he has twenty-three acres of land that he has
developed from its primitive condition, and is carrying on e.xperimental work in the
propagation of semi-tropical fruits, meeting with very good results in his labors as thus
far developed. He has done some valuable work in originating new varieties of
loquats, avocados and feijoas, demonstrating that these varieties can be grown suc-
cessfully as a commercial proposition. He considers his experiments are still in
their infancy and is still deeply engrossed in his experimental work. The leader in
his list is the well-known variety of the "Taft .\vocado." which has proven to be a
commercial success, and is being widely planted throughout Southern California.

The numerous varieties of the loquat that he has perfected are listed under
the names of the Premier, the Early Red, which is ready for market in February
and continues until the middle of June; the Champagne, the best of all; the Advance,
and the Tanaka, of Japanese origin, are the strains he has improved.

Mr. Taft vvas united in marriage on July 17, 1888. with Miss Jennie McMullan,
of Oakland, and she has shared with her husband the esteem of all those who have
the pleasure of knowing them. Of an unassuming nature, Mr. Taft has carried on
his experimental work quietly at his ranch. Though engrossed with his labors he
has never failed to assist all worthy movements for the building up of his adopted
county by giving of his time and means to those ends.

ISAAC R. WILLIAMS. — .\s one who contributed generously to the development
of Orange County, Isaac R. Williams was well-known and universally honored as
one of its pioneer settlers, and his passing away, after a brief and sudden illness, on
March 23, 1906, removed from the community one of its stanchest citizens, and one
who had furthered every good cause during his long years of residence here.

Pennsylvania was Mr. Williams' native state, and there he was born on June
20, 1854, in Schuylkill County. His parents were Daniel and Jane (Rosser) \\'illiams,
both natives of Wales, who came to this country with their families at an early date
and settled in Pennsylvania. Daniel Williams made the long journey to California
in 1856, coming via the Isthmus of Panama, and after spending some time in San
Francisco he engaged in gold mining in Nevada County. In 1858 his family joined
liim, and in 1869 they removed to what is now Orange County, where he settled on
a ranch, and there made his home until his death in 1889, Mrs. Williams passing away
the following year.

As he was but four years old when the family came to California, and but fifteen
when they came to Orange County. Isaac R. Williams had but little recollection of
any other state. At the time he came here the county was but sparsely settled and
ranching was yet in its infancy, and it was Mr. W'illiams' privilege not only to see

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 245

the wonderful de\elopment of the ensuing years, but to take an important part in
bringing these changes about. He early acquired a thorough knowledge of farming,
and also was interested in stock raising. His first purchase was a tract of twenty
acres at Buena Park, and for some time he was successfully engaged in dairying
there. He increased his holdings from time to time in this district, and in after years
devoted quite a large acreage to raising sugar beets, also raising cabbage and hay in
large quantities, and he continued actively on his ranch until a short time before his
demise. While Mr. Williams was a leading worker in the Republican party, he was
in no sense a seeker for political preferment, but as a recognition of his capability
he \vas four times appointed road overseer of his district, an ofifice that he filled with
much credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all.

In 1874 Mr. Williams was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Hunter, whose
parents were John and Mary (Downing) Hunter, and they were for a number of
years residents of Canada. Mr. Hunter was the postmaster and the proprietor of
a general merchandise store at Bobcaygeon, and was also interested in the milling
business there. Mrs. Williams' family were of Scotch and Irish descent, and many
of her near relatives were prominent in the professions of law and medicine, her
own father being a highly educated men. Mrs. Williams, who was the eldest of a
family of four children, came to Orange County in 1871, where her father was engaged
in ranching near Fullerton until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Williams were the
parents of three children: Annie Jane is the widow of William Goldie, and they
were the parents of two children — Mrs. Clark of Fullerton, and Margaret of Buena
Park; John Walter married Miss Viola West of Fullerton and they have two children —
George and Velma. He acts as manager for his mother's ranch and resides in a com-
fortable home on the property. He is popular in the ranks of the Fraternal Brother-
hood and is one of the enterprising farmers of the Buena Park district, as is his
brother, Daniel R., who assists him in the management of the place. The latter mar-
ried Miss Grace Lucas, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Lucas, and they are the
parents of a son, Daniel R., Jr. They are planting a considerable acreage of the
estate to citrus fruit, adding largely to its future value in this way, and besides the
ninety-two acres of the home place they rent land in the vicinity, and thus carry on
their ranching operations on a large scale.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE HELMS.— An old resident of Orange County
whose life has been fraught with interesting events is Napoleon Bonaparte Helms,
who was born in Missouri on April IS, 1844, the son of Huston and Nancy Helms,
natives respectively of Indiana and Missouri. A pair of twins was granted these worthy
parents, and our subject was one, his brother, Lafayette, who died in May, 1919, being
the other.

While yet a young man. Napoleon was to be found in Texas following the enter-
prise, in which so many young men of that day engaged, of stock raising. The Far
West, however, soon proved more alluring to him; and when the opportunity was offered
him to join a company of some fifty persons then being organized in Texas, each with
the same ambition, namely, to reach California and the Land of Gold, he did so, and
started on the venturesome trip. They trusted in the courage of their hearts and
the strength of their arms, and believed that they would reach the desired-for haven,
and perhaps that was why little out of the ordinary occurred on their journey of four
months by ox-team, until they reached San Bernardino in November, 1859. There
Mr. Helms made his home, working at various pursuits, and taking up farming by way
of preference when he could.

In 1867 Mr. Helms returned to Texas and with two uncles bought a herd of
1,800 steers to drive to California on speculation. Cattle at that time cost about five
to eight dollars a head, and it was predicted that the Medlin Train, so-called because
of the name of the leader, would realize a handsome profit on the deal. Everything
went veil until they got about 120 miles from El Paso, in the Guadalupe Mountains,
when they were attacked by the Indians; and while thev were overpowered to some
extent, they lost only their cattle and all their horses. There were only sixteen men
against eighty Indians, and they fought them two days. The ox-teams and their lives
were saved by hard fighting, and in October, 1868, they reached California.

At San Bernardino, in 1869, Mr. Helms married Miss Elizabeth Long, one of the
attractive ladies then in this western country, and three children were born to them:
William L., Isabelle T., wife of William Prichard, of Laguna, and Rosie Jane, wife of
Joseph Glines, of Oakdale. Six years later, in 1875, Mr. Helms came to Los .Angeles,
now Orange County, and located at Santa Ana, at that time a very small town with
only one store for the accommodation of the few pioneers: and here, for twenty-nine
years, he followed well drilling. Mrs. Helms passed away in October, 1914, at the age
of sixty-five, beloved by all who knew her.

246 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Now Mr. Helms owns a trim little ranch of five acres, highly cultivated and
maintained in a manner such as would do anyone credit, upon which he conducts
general farming and where he is visited by his many friends; and there, too, he discusses
national politics, with the enthusiastic bias of a Jeflfersonian Democrat, but also as an
American citizen who will always put the welfare of his community ahead of party
triumphs, and who, therefore, never permits partisanship to affect him in his attitude
toward strictly local measures and movements.

JOSIAH C. JOPLIN. — Among the men who have built up a reputation that is
worthy of emulation and who have had the best interests of Orange County at heart
is Josiah C. Joplin. He was born near Liberty, what is now Bedford City, Bedford
County, Ya., a son of James W: and Emily (Booth) Joplin, both natives of that state.
The father, who was of Scotch extraction and a farmer by occupation, was born Novem-
ber 14. 1807. and died in Kentucky in 1900 at the venerable age of ninety-three. The
years between these dates were filled with hard toil and the endurance of trials that
are incident to life in a frontier country. The family was first represented in the United
States by Rafe Jopling who, with two brothers, James and Thomas Jopling. emigrated
from Scotland in the eighteenth century and settled in Virginia. Rafe Jopling espoused
the cause of his adopted country and sacrificed his life in the Revolutionary War.
James Jopling, the paternal grandfather of Josiah C, was a nephew of this soldier and
a planter in Virginia. The family originally spelled their name with the final g, one
of the family. Dr. Josiah, for whom the subject of this review was named, being the
first to use the present spelling, dropping the g. James W. Joplin was united in
marriage in Virginia with Emily Booth, who was born there on June 4. 1816, and died
in the same state August 2, 1869. Nine children were born to them: Thomas M.,
James Benjamin. Jesse, William, Josiah C, Ferdinand, Mrs. Betty Martin, Otho and
Charles. The latter was accidentally drowned at Memphis, Tenn.

Born in Bedford County, in the Old Dominion State, September IS, 1844, Josiah
C. Joplin was reared on a farm and received the training accorded to children in the
pioneer days. However, he had some educational advantages, though limited, in the
private schools of that vicinity. He always improved such opportunities as were pre-
sented to him and by careful and extensive reading became a well informed man. Six
of the Joplin brothers served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, Josiah C.
enlisting in March, 1862, in Company A, Second Virginia Cavalry. They were first in
Colonel Ashby's command, in Stonewall Jackson's Valley campaign, until Colonel
Ashby was killed at Port Republic. After arriving at Richmond, his regiment became
a part of the First Brigade, under Gen. J. E. B. Stewart, and was in the engagement
at Meadow Bridge, Va., when General Stewart was killed. He served under Generals
Beauregard and Robert E. Lee, participating in the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg,
Richmond, and the Wilderness and others of equal importance. During his service he
was slightly wounded in three different battles.

After the war was over Mr. Joplin returned to Franklin County, Ya.. where the
family had moved during hostilities. He remained there but a short time and then
went to Mississippi and Arkansas, spending three years in these states. He eventually
returned to Virginia, and spent three years there in agricultural pursuits. While there
he was united in marriage with Rebecca C. Boyd, a native of Virginia, born June
18, 1845, a daughter of Andrew Boyd. Her uncle, Hon. W. W. Boyd, was a member of
Congress when Virginia seceded and he withdrew and joined the Confederacy and be-
came a member of the Confederate Senate. The following children were born to Mr.
and Mrs. Joplin: Andrew Boyd, John Booth, James A., William P.. Joe and Otho, de-
ceased. Four of the boys are located in this county, and James A. is at Parker, Arizona.

In 1876 Mr. Joplin decided to remove his family to California and it was here
that he found the land of "golden opportunity," for he found health and an opportunity
to rear his children under a wider scope than he had found in the eastern country. He
came direct to the present limits of Orange County, but then Los Angeles County,
and has made this his home ever since. At the time of his arrival it was but sparsely
populated and the thriving cities and towns of the present were but in their infancy.
He located a 160-acre homestead in Belle Canyon, residing there seventeen years as
a possessory claim before it was surveyed so he could file his homestead claim. He
also purchased 320 acres from two settlers adjoining him and 286 acres from the South-
ern Pacific Railroad, and this he put under cultivation, engaging principally in stock
raising and hee culture.

It can be truthfully said that no man has been more interested in the development
of the county than Mr. Joplin, and through participation in every progressive move-
ment he became well acquainted with every well-known citizen within its boundaries.
He has willingly given of his time and means to promote the welfare of the entire
county, and no man has ever been more loyal to its citizens, for he has always guarded

(Rjil<^<^ 6. luU

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 251

well every trust reposed in him. One of the most important projects fostered by Mr.
Joplin and which did much to advance the interests of the county was his connection
with the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893. He personally collected an exhibit of the
products of this county and his management of the exhibit there won for him much
praise. So successful was he in this undertaking that he was chosen to superintend
the exhibit of the county at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, Mo.
Mr. Wiggins, who was the superintendent of exhibits from the seven southern counties
of California, gives him credit for being the first to make a success of chemically
processing fruits for exhibits. Mrs. Joplin prepared a special exhibit of domestic canned
fruit, for which she received a medal and diploma at the World's Columbian Exposition
at Chicago.

Politically, Mr. Joplin has always adhered to the principles of the Democratic
party, and although Orange County usually has been strongly Republican, he has
served several consecutive terms as county treasurer. He was first elected in 1898,
from January 1, 1899 to January 1. 1903, then he was again elected county treasurer
m 1906 and has been reelected every four years, or in 1910, 1914 and 1918. The last two
times he was elected at the primaries. When requests were made through the legis-
lators to the State Legislature for an increase in salary, Mr. Joplin refused to ask for an
increase, saying that the county was paying him enough. No wonder that he stands
high with all parties.

Mrs. Joplin by her many charitable deeds, kindness and modesty greatly endeared
herself to the people of Santa Ana and Orange County, because she always stood for
truth, uprightness and a high standard of morals, and never failed to give substantial
encouragement to all movements in that direction; thus she was universally mourned
by everyone when she passed away on March 20, 1911. She was a faithful wife and
mother, having always been the greatest help and encouragement to her husband in
his ambitions and naturally very proud of his success and the political honors he had
received. With the same high standard and principles in view she trained and reared
her children to be God-fearing, law-abiding and useful citizens, and her great regret
at passing was that she could no longer see to the ministering of comforts to them,
and before her death she wrote and left a letter addressed to her children, admon-
ishing them to live right and useful lives and follow the example of their father,
who had gained such a high place in the estimation of the public. She had been ill
for several years and knew that the end was coming, so in her loving and thoughtful
way she made a distribution of her keepsakes and household furniture and dishes,
giving each one the things she knew they liked ajid that she wished them to have.

Always active in the interests of education, Mr. Joplin was instrumental in the
organization of the Trabuco and Olive school districts. He took an active part in the
founding of Orange County and his Trabuco precinct obtained the banner, because all
votes were for county division and the organization of Orange County, and not one
vote against it. One of the organizers of the Humane Society of Orange County in
about 1900, Mr. Joplin has been its president ever since and very active in its work.
He was one of the organizers and president of the first Fish and Game Protective
Association of Orange County, and was one of the promoters of the Santa Ann Cham-
ber of Commerce, serving as director for several years. He is prominent in the ranks
of the Odd Fellows and was one of four organizers of the Orange County Veteran
Odd Fellows .Association, serving as its first president, and takes an active interest
in the Orange County Historical Society. Some years ago Mr. Joplin sold his large
ranch and since then has bought two small ranches, comprising a little over 300 acres
. of land in Belle Canyon, and these he devotes to stock raising and horticulture.

WILLIAM H. BROOKS — A very interesting pioneer who has the distinction
of being the first white man to live at Laguna Beach, also of now being the very oldest
living resident of this place, his first habitation being a cabin located back of where
the present postofiice now stands, is William H. Brooks, rancher and mail carrier.
He was born in Ellis County, Texas, on September 9, 1855. the youngest son and child
of Spencer Brooks, who was born in New York in 1823, went to Illinois a young man
and there married Miss Sylvia Heminsway, a native of Vermont, where she was born
in 1828, and who had gone out to Illinois in her youth. The family went to Texas and
remained there two years, and not liking the country returned to Illinois and Winne-
bago County, where Mr. Brooks was a stockman and farmer- There he died in 1857.
but his widow came west to California and died at Laguna at the age of eighty-four
years. One of the sons, Oliver S. Brooks, enlisted for service in the Civil War when
he was sixteen, served three years, and he died at Laguna in 1897.

William H. Brooks spent his boyhood and youth on the open plains of Kansas
and Colorado, became an expert with the rifle, and knew Wild Bill, Buffalo Bill and
all of the scouts of those early days. In 1875 he had left home at Burlington. Kans..

252 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

and arrived in Los Angeles when the now flourishing city was but a Mexican adobe
village with nothing to presage its future greatness. The family had moved out to
western Kansas in 1861, and they operated a stage station on the overland stage route
to California. Those were the days when the country was infested with Indians and
many a time this young lad stood guard with the men of the station to protect the
people from the red men, and he also experienced many narrow escapes with his life.
After these early experiences it was but natural that he should want to come to the Far
West in search of a permanent location.

Arriving in Los Angeles County, Mr. Brooks went to Downey, at that time one
of the most flourishing and wide-open towns in the Southland, and here he engaged in
ranching. It was that same year that he wandered down to Laguna Beach on a
hunting trip, and seeing the advantageous location for ranching he took up a gov-
ernment claim of what is now the town site of Laguna Beach, and was joined some few
months later by his brother, the late "Nate" Brooks. Some time later Mr. Brooks
sold his holdings here to an uncle by marriage, Henry Gofif, for the paltry sum of
fifty dollars cash. At the time of the boom in the Southland Mr. Goff sold otT much
of the land in lots and small acreage. As Mr. Brooks took notice of the rapid trend
of affairs towards the development of the place he began to buy back property as he
could until he became owner of considerable town property. As the beach city grew
apace he has sold off much of his holdings at very advantageous prices and invested
m alfalfa land in Antelope Valley.

In 1882 Mr. Brooks had finished his apprenticeship as a blacksmith under Hank
Stow, of Anaheim, and established a shop of his own in Los Angeles, and for years
he was the smith employed by the I. W. Hellman Street Railway Company when
horses were used to draw the cars. His next shop was in Santa Ana, then at Laguna
Beach, later at Calabasas and then Bakersfield. Mr. Brooks built the hotel and store
at Laguna. but this was burned down in 1895, and it was then he went to Bakersfield.
He served as constable of Laguna for twelve years, was deputy sheriff for two years,
and postmaster for three years, and during his time he witnessed many interesting
incidents that relieved the monotony of life at the little village. After being away
for some years he returned in 1912 and took up his residence at Laguna, and since
1914 he has been mail carrier there. Since 1919 he has been interested in ranching in
Antelope Valley, where he and his sons own valuable land.

On July 4, 1878, at Downey, W. H. Brooks was married to Miss Annie Clapp,
born at San Jose, a daughter of Frank Clapp. a planter of Kentucky, where he was
born. Her mother was Ruth Condit before her marriage. The family located in
Alameda County, Cal., in 1856; Mr. Clapp died in Santa Ana in 1897, > and the widow
died there in 1907. An uncle, Frank Hartley, was one of the officers who captured
the bandit, Vasquez. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brooks: Josephine
is the wife of Maston Smith, of Corona, by whom she has two children, William
and George. By her first union with Harry Kelly she had seven children, six now
living, and three of these daughters are living and married and have five children. The
next younger than Josephine is Robert F., who is married, but has no children; Walter
R. married Miss Stevens, but they have no children; Clarence H. married Miss Throll
and they have two children, Eleanor and William; Roy, the youngest son, is not mar-
ried. All of the sons live and farm in Antelope Valley. Mrs. Brooks is known to her
intimates as "Aunt Annie," and she has the honor of giving the name to- Arch
Beach, the attractive strand to the south of Laguna. Both Mr. and Mrsi. Brooks are
highly esteemed by all who know them in Orange County.

MRS. HATTIE W. ROSS. — A highly-honored representative of a pioneer family
of Santa .-Xna is Mrs, Hattie W. Ross, the rancher and landowner, whose home at
1429 North Baker Street is always the center of warm-hearted hospitality. She was
born at New Madrid, Mo., the daughter of Frederick W. and Virginia Maulsby. who
were cotton planters, owning between 7,000 and 8,000 acres of choice Missouri land.
Mr. Maulsby received his early education in the Southern Missouri Academy, and
later was clerk of New Madrid County, Missouri.

Miss Maulsby came to Santa Ana with a sister, Mrs. Kate Doyle, now of El
Monte, arriving at Santa Ana in September, 1885. She thus saw both Orange and
Santa Ana develop from their infancy. When the plaza in Orange was laid out she
assisted in the entertainment. On August 18, 1886, at the old Doyle home near Santa
Ana, she was married to U. J. Ross, oldest child of Josiah and Sarah Ross, who grew
up in Santa Ana, but was born in Watsonville. He is now foreman for the Hammond
Lumber Company in Los .Angeles. Mr. and Mrs Josiah Ross came across the plains
in an ox-team train in 1865 and settled in the Salinas Valley for a short time, coming
down to Los Angeles County and settling in what is now Orange County a year
later. Then there was for the most part only Mexican and Spanish settlers here, and

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 235

considerable trouble was had with the natives. The early settlers' grain would be
endangered by the Mexican ponies, which were allowed to graze at random, and it
was necessary to kill many of these ponies before the Spanish element took any meas-
ures to keep their animals off the land they had sold to the early settlers. Josiah
Ross came across the country in prairie schooners, and if anyone "had a story to
tell," he certainly did. The wild mustard grew so tall that even when one stood on
the driving board of the prairie schooner it was impossible to see over the fields.
When dried, the mustard was used by the Ross family in place of firewood. Mrs.
Eva Sweetster, sister-in-law of Mrs. Ross, was the first girl born in Santa Ana.

Josiah Ross purchased 275 acres of land at one dollar an acre, and a part of this
tract is now the home place of Mrs. Hattie Ross. The rest of the land is still owned
by Josiah Ross' descendants. Mrs. Ross is the owner of an eight-acre grove interset
with walnuts and apricots. Her house was built on this ranch in 1907.

Four sons honor Mrs. Ross: Ernest F. is at home; Raymond married Miss Cora
Huntington of Santa Ana; Melvin is married to Miss Cora Hazelwood, a Nebraska
girl, and they live at Pasadena; and Carroll B. lives at home, a graduate of the Santa
Ana high school and an employe of the Hammond Lumber Company of Santa Ana.
Ernest Ross hauled the first and last loads of gravel to build the beet sugar factory at
Delhi, and he was given a gold locket by the company. Raymond Ross was in the
United States Navy during the late war, and did valiant service as a gunner on the
U. S. S. "Dakota."

GRANVILLE SPURGEON. — Prominent among the names worthy to be per-
petuated in the annals of Orange County, and particularly in the development of the
city of Santa Ana, is that of the late Granville Spurgeon, whose sterling life and
character will ever leave its impress on the community in whose upbuilding he was
so loyally interested for many years.

The Spurgeon family traces its lineage back to England, the early representatives
of the family settling in Virginia. The grandfather of our subject removed from the
Old Dominion State to Bourbon County, Ky., during the days of Daniel Boone and
other early pioneers, and here Granville Spurgeon, Sr., was born and reared. When
he reached young manhood he was married to Lovina Sibley, who was born in Prince
Edward County, Va., and who was directly descended from an influential English
family. Removing to Columbus, Ind., in 1830, Mr. Spurgeon engaged in farming
near there, for about ten years, when the family located in Clark County, Mo. After
several years spent in agricultural pursuits there they removed to .'Vlexandria, Mo..
where Mr. Spurgeon engaged in the mercantile business and took a prominent part in
the affairs of the community. It was during this period that Granville Spurgeon, Jr.,
the subject of this sketch, was born, on August 19, 1843, at Louisville, Ky., the family
being on a visit there at the time.

Granville Spurgeon was educated in the private and public schools of Missouri,
and also had the advantage of a course in a business college in that state. In 1849
his father had made the trip overland to California, and engaged in mining for
eighteen months. As the years went by he again felt the call of the West, and in
1864 he again set out on the long journey, this time accompanied by his family, five
months being spent in crossing the plains. They settled in Solano County. Cal.,
and here both parents passed away. Granville Spurgeon remained in Solano County
for two years, then with his brother Benjamin and a sister he went to Watsonville,
Santa Cruz County. In November, 1867, these two brothers joined their older brother,
William H. Spurgeon, in Los .\ngeles County, taking up land between Compton
and Los Angeles. William H. left them the following year, purchasing a tract of
seventy-six acres belonging to the old Santiago de Santa Ana Grant, and here he
laid out the town of Santa .Ana. On the death of Benjamin Spurgeon in 1870, Gran-
ville Spurgeon joined his brother William H., entering into partnership with him,
and from that date until his death, which occurred August 7, 1901, he was continu-
ously identified with the development of Santa Ana, taking a prominent part in
every undertaking and enterprise that gave this community its well-grounded, sub-
stantial start and enabled it to take its place as one of the representative cities of
Southern California, so that the name of Spurgeon will ever be indissolubly associ-
ated with its history.

With his brother, W. H., Granville Spurgeon conducted the first mercantile estab-
lishment in Santa Am. and for many years this was the leading establishment of the
town. Later he established a thriving fire insurance business, continuing in this for a
number of years, finally disposing of it at a good profit on account of his health. In
later years he purchased a tract of 100 acres of peat land, devoting this to the produc-
tion of celery. This was at the period when celery growing was at its height in
Orange County, and Mr. Spurgeon was most successful in raising some of the finest

256 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

celery ever grown here. During his early years here he acted as agent for the Wells
Fargo Express Company, and later was appointed postmaster of Santa Ana, an office
he filled for a number of years with the utmost satisfaction to the community. In
fraternal circles Mr. Spurgeon was prominent in the ranks of the Odd Fellows, the
Encampment and the Rebekahs, serving for sixteen years as treasurer of the subordi-
nate lodge. While a believer in the principles of the Democratic party, he was essen-
tially too broadminded to be swayed by mere partisanship, especially in local politics.
At the time of his death, in 1901, he was one of the oldest residents of Santa Ana,
and in his passing this city lost one of her stanch upbuilders and one who occupied
a distinctive place in her development. Commencing life without means, Mr. Spur-
geon's habits of thrift and industry, coupled with good business judgment, enabled
him to amass a competency, and his life presents a record well worthy of emulation.

Mrs. Spurgeon, who before her marriage was Miss Frederica Reinhold, is a
native of Milwaukee, Wis., where she received an excellent education. Comirrg to Cali-
fornia in 187S on a pleasure trip she met Mr. Spurgeon, at that time a leading mer-
chant of Santa Ana, this acquaintance leading to their marriage the following year.
They took up their residence in the house at Sixth and Main streets that Mr. Spur-
geon had erected for his bride, and this remained the family home during his lifetmie.
After his death Mrs. Spurgeon disposed of the property and purchased her present
home on North Broadway. Now among the oldest settlers of Santa Ana, Mrs. Spur-
geon well remembers the early days of this now prosperous city, when what is now
the finest residential section was a wilderness of wild mustard, and bearing little prom-
ise of the beautiful shady streets, attractive homes and well-kept lawns of today. .\
continuous resident of this city for forty-five years, with the exception of a year spent
at Manitou, Colo., for Mr. Spurgeon's health, Mrs. Spurgeon has always taken the
deepest interest in the welfare of the community, and, like her late husband, has
shown a public spiritedness that has meant much to the advancement of the social
and moral good of the whole neighborhood.

Of the two adopted daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Spurgeon, May S. is the wife
of R. H. Ballard, president and general manager of the Southern California Edison
Company, and they reside in Los Angeles. They have one daughter, Harriet, who is
attending Vassar College. Helen S. is training for a professional nurse at the Good
Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles.

JUSTIN M. COPELAND.— Among the well-known educators who deserve the
gratitude of posterity may well be mentioned, and in foremost place, the late Justin
M. Copeland, a native of New Hampshire, where he was born on St. Patrick's Day, 1835.
His father, the Rev. David Copeland, was a Methodist minister and became a pioneer
clergyman in Southern Wisconsin. Justin M. began his education at Kent's Hill Semi-
nary, Maine, later attended the Middletown College, in Middlesex County, Conn., and
finished at Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., to which town his parents had moved
in 1857. When fifteen years of age he commenced his teaching in Maine, where he
taught a term of school in Winthrop; then he taught in Connecticut, later in Wis-
consin and then moved to Odell, 111., where he taught for two years. On his return
to Wisconsin he served for several years as an instructor at Fond Du Lac, next going
to Kansas, where he purchased a farm near Derby which he worked in summer, while
he taught in winter. In 1876 he went south to Key West, Fla., and there conducted
a school for two years, when he returned to his ranch near Derby, Kans.

In May, 1881, he came west to California and settled in Old Newport, now Green-
ville, and for two years he taught the district school. He also taught in other places
in Orange County, among them Villa Park. Trabuco. .'X.liso Canyon, New Hope and
Newport, and only when his eyesight failed him, and he could no longer do justice to
the work, did Mr. Copeland give up a work very dear to his heart and in which he
had been so signally successful — a wonderful career, having taught over forty years.

On September 7, 1860, in Chicago, at the home of the bride's brother, Henry
French, Mr. Copeland was married to Miss Mary E. French, a native of South Chester-
ville, Franklin County, Maine, who was born March 20, 1836. the daughter of Isaac
and Eliza (Brown) French, worthy Yankee farmer folk of good old Maine. Four
brothers of the French family came from England to Massachusetts in 1620. in a ship
of the Mayflower party, and later some of the brothers went to New Hampshire and
then to Maine. Mrs. Copeland's Great-grandfather French came from New Hampshire
to Maine, and her grandfather, Joseph A., and two brothers were among the founders
of South Chesterville, Maine. Mrs. Copeland had two brothers in the Civil War,
Captain Henry French, and Joseph French, who was in a Maine regiment of cavalry
and who now lives on the old Joseph French place. She attended Kent's Hill Semi-
nary, and when a young lady came west to Chicago, where she resided with a sister
and a brother. She had made the acquaintance of Justin M. Copeland while the Rev.

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 261

David Copeland was on that circuit and the acquaintance continued and resulted in
their marriage.

On retiring from the pedagogical field, Mr. Copeland purchased 100 acres of land
in Orange County, which he disposed of to advantage during the early days of the
great boom; and later he purchased twenty acres handsomely set out as an orange
grove at Riverside, which has since proven very valuable ranch property. This ranch
is now in charge of their only child, Joseph Eugene, who is a graduate of the Univer-
sity of Southern California, and married Miss Carrie Wilson, daughter of J. A. Wilson
of Santa Ana. Mrs. Copeland is also the owner of a walnut grove on Grand Avenue,
Santa .A.na. In March, 1915, at the ripe old age of eighty, Mr. Copeland passed to his
eternal reward, rich in the esteem and affection of those who best knew him. Mr. and
Mrs. Copeland were firm believers in cooperation, hence they were members of both
the local Citrus Association and the Santa Ana Walnut Growers Association, since
their organization.

Mrs. Copeland belongs, as did her exemplary husband, to the First Presbyterian
Church of Santa Ana, in whose religious and social work she participates as best she
can for one of her age. Public-spirited to a remarkable degree, she also took a very
active part in the work of the Red Cross during the recent war, and at the age of
eighty-two knit not less than 150 pairs of socks for the soldiers.

THOMAS J. WILLIAMS.— A native of Wales, Thomas J. Williams, one of
Orange County's honored pioneer ranchers, brought with him to this country the
sturdy characteristics of his Welsh forbears, the Williams family being men of power-
ful physique and long-lived, some of them living past the century mark. Mr. Williams
was born at Carmorden, Glamorganshire, Wales, April 23, 1852, the son of John
and Martha (Binon) Williams; the father was a farmer as was the paternal grand-
father, John Williams, who lived to be 104 years old. Mrs. Martha Williams' father,
Thomas Binon, was a carpenter of Glamorganshire, Wales, and also lived to be 104
years old. There were two sons and six daughters in the Williams family, Thomas
J. being the sixth in order of birth, and the only one in America. He had only'fair
educational advantages, as there were no public schools in their locality, and every
family had to pay tuition for each of their children, so in the case of large families,
schooling was something of a luxury, and, too, his schoolhouse was seven miles away.

In early youth, Thomas J. Williams was apprenticed for four years to learn the
blacksmith's trade, receiving as payment his board and clothes. His training in this
work was very thorough, and included plow work and horseshoeing. During the haying
and harvesting season he worked on the farms of the neighborhood, one year swinging
the scythe' and cradle for sixty-seven days straight. In those days their agricultural
implements were very primitive, and the first threshing machine Mr. Williams ever saw
he owned and operated — a flail — and the first mowing machine he was familiar with
was wielded in the sweat of his brow in the form of a Welsh scythe.

On December 25, 1870, Mr. Williams was united in marriage with Elizabeth
Williams, who was no kin, although of the same name. She was born in the same
shire as her husband and educated in the subscription schools. Her parents were
James and Mary (John) Williams and she was an only child. The father was a farmer
in Wales and passed away in her early childhood. Her mother married a second
time to David James and they came to San Bernardino in 1853, where they farmed
for a number of years; Mr. James passed away at San Bernardino, and the mother
spent her last years at the home of her daughter, Mrs, Thomas J. Williams, passing
away at the age of ninety years.

In 1872, T. J. Williams decided to try his fortune in America, and accompanied
by his wife and infant son, James, landed at Castle Garden, May 3, of that year. They
went directly to Newark, Lincoln County, Ohio, and lived there for about five years,
Mr. Williams working in the rolling mills there, making iron railroad rails. While
in Newark, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and cast his first vote
for Rutherford B. Hayes as president. In 1876, they came on to California, reaching
San Bernardino December 26, remaining there until the following .April, when they
located in the New Hope district, now Orange County, then Los Angeles County, rent-
ing land belonging to the Rancho Los Bolsas. For six years he farmed on rented
land, then purchased twenty acres of land, later investing in two more twenty-acre
tracts, which comprises his present well-kept ranch of sixty acres. For four years he
raised corn and hogs, but had to sell his meat as low as two and a half cents a pound.
Later he engaged in dairying and general farming, growing alfalfa, barley, corn, beets,
potatoes and chili peppers, and has set out an apple orchard of three and a half acres,
besides a family orchard. He has put down two wells, one ten-inch and one seven-
inch, and has two pumping plants run by electric power, producing 100 inches of water.

262 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

sufficient to furnish ample irrigation for all his land. He also has a well, windmill and
tank for domestic purposes.

Mr. and Mrs. Williams have had eight children: James, born in Wales, died in
Newark, Ohio; John J., born in Newark, Ohio, died at San Pedro at the age of forty-
two, leaving a widow; Mary Ann, now Mrs. Swindler of Anaheim, is the mother of
four children; Thomas died at the age of nine years; Martha is the wife of Will De-
venney, a rancher of Orange County; Elizabeth, is the wife of Fred Mersel, an orange
grower and rancher of Santa Ana; they have one child; George is in the U. S. Navy,
having served in Asiatic waters and now in the Philippines; he married Miss Irene
Lee of Santa Ana and they have one child living; Margaret married Henry Devenney.
a rancher at Wasco, Kern County and they have one child.

In the early days, Mr. Williams was well acquainted with the McFadden brothers,
John, Robert and James, those pioneers whose names will always be associated with
the early development of Orange County. He was connected with the construction of
their railroad, the Santa Ana & Newport, and also worked at loading and unloading
their boats which ran between San Francisco and Newport. Always public spirited
and progressive. Mr. Williams helped organize Orange County and has always been
keenly interested in its development, and is now a promoter of the Santa Ana River
Protection District. While a supporter of the Republican party, he is inclined to be
liberal in local afifairs,.voting for the best men and measures. He served four years as
constable of Westminster township. Mrs. Williams is a member of the Church of
Latter Day Saints. Mr. Williams still looks after twenty acres of his land, which is
devoted to apples and alfalfa, and rents out forty acres. He and his family stand
high in the whole community, a trilnUe to their more than forty years of useful
citizenship.

ROBERT EDWIN LARTER. — Numbered among the leading citizens of the
Westminster district, Robert Edwin Larter has occupied a place of prominence for
many years in the agricultural, commercial and financial interests of Orange County.
A native of Canada, he was born in the Province of Ontario, ten miles west of Niagara
Falls, September 7, 1861. His parents were Robert and Mary J. (Hansler) Larter, the
latter a native of Canada; the father was born at Norwich, England, and came to
Canada with his mother when a boy of fifteen. He was a millwright and cabinet
maker, and later became interested in farming. He became prominent in the politics
of his locality, being a man of excellent judgment, and served on the township and
county councils of his Canadian home. In 1875 he made a trip to California, and while
here he bought 160 acres of land; returning to Canada he remained there until the
fall of 1876, when he came with his family to make California his permanent home.
This was just after the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and his land lay
in what was then Los Angeles County, this being some years before the organization
of Orange County. It was peat land, and was then a morass of willows, tules and
blackberries, and it took much hard work to put it under cultivation, but it eventually
became very productive. Robert Larter passed away in 1904; his widow survives
him and resides at Westminster, having reached the age of eighty-four.

The first fifteen years of Ed. Larter's life were spent in Welland County, Ontario,
his birthplace, and there he received his early education, attending the schools at
Westminster after the family removed here. He early began to work, however, help-
ing his father reclaim the swamp lands of their farm and breaking the virgin soil,
and this practical experience he found to-be of great value later in life when he took
up farming on his own account. He purchased 120 acres of land and devoted it to
general farming and dairying, in which he was very successful, also engaging in the
celery industry when that business was at its height. Business acumen and wise
investments have added to his capital and he now enjoys an affluence, the reward of
industry and intelligence. Always public spirited, Mr. Larter has for years been
prominent in the affairs of the community. A stanch Republican, he was chosen some
years ago to represent that party on the board of supervisors, an office which he filled
with great satisfaction to his constituency. He is now a member of the County
Republican Central Committee, and prominent in all the councils of the party. He
lias always been interested in the cause of education and has given of his time to help
raise the standard and equipment of the schools here, having served on the Hunting-
ton Beach Union High School Board. He was on the building committee of the
Orange County Court House when that structure was under way and was prominent
in the establishment of the Talbert Drainage District and the reestablishment of the
Bolsa Drainage District. An authority on financial affairs in the locality, he is a
director of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Santa Ana. In fraternal circles he
is a charter member of Westminster Lodge No. 72, I. O. O. F.

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY 263

Mr. Larter's marriage, in April, 1889, united him with Miss Pearl Kiefhaber,
who was born in Indiana, but who came to Westminster with her parents when
l)ut a child. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Larter, two of whom passed
away in infancy. Those living are Marie L., the wife of Orel C. Hare of Westminster,
whose review appears elsewhere in this work; and Lutie, who is Mrs. Will McClin-
tock, her husband being a rancher at Garden Grove.

HENRY OELKERS— In naming the pioneers of Orange County any list would
l)e incomplete without special mention of Henry Oelkers, who for nearly forty years
was identified with the wine industry of Anaheim. He was born near Hamburg, Ger-
many, February 17, 1856, and received liis education in that country.

In 1882 Henry Oelkers immigrated to America and settled at Anaheim, where
he obtained employment with his uncle, William Konig, now deceased, who came to
Anaheim from Germany in 1859- Mr. Konig purchased twenty acres on South Los
Angeles Street, where the Southern Pacific Railway depot is located. Here he planted
a vineyard, erected a winery and continued to manufacture wine for many years. The
land has greatly increased in value and is now built up with residences and business
blocks. William Konig was very public-spirited and always willing to support every
worthy movement that had as its ultimate aim the upbuilding of the best interests
of Anaheim. One of his most noted acts — one that expressed in a very substantial
way his keen interest and pride in the civic affairs of Anaheim — was the donation of
the site of the public library. Being an able and successful business man, possessed
of sound judgment and executive ability, William Konig was recognized by his fellow
citizens and duly elected to the important office of trustee of Anaheim, which he filled
with great satisfaction to his townsmen and credit to himself. He passed away in
1911, mourned liy a host of friends.

Henry Oelkers was associated with his uncle from 1882 to 1911, where he learned
the business of winemaking and grape culture, eventually becoming the superintendent
of his plant. In recent years he has been engaged in pruning and grafting and other-
wise caring for orange and lemon groves, and is recognized as an expert in his line
of work. During his nearly forty years of residence in Orange County he has wit-
nessed marvelous changes — the development of the citrus industry, the growth of
small villages into up-to-date and prosperous cities and the wonderful development of
the oil fields.

In October, 1914, Henry Oelkers was united in marriage with Lisette Pohl, a
native of Germany, but for a numlier of years a resident of Chicago. She had a son
by a former marriage, who is now known as George Oelkers, now attending the Poly-
technic High School in Los Angeles.

Fraternally, Henry Oelkers is a memljer of Anaheim Lodge No. 199, T. O. O. F.;
Concordia Singing Society; charter member of Lincoln Hospital of Los Angeles, and
religiously belongs to the Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church.

JOHN B. NICHOLS— Well known in Santa Ana as an attorney-at-law, John
B. Nichols is a native of Fond du Lac County, Wis., and is the son of Thomas and
Clarissa (Brown) Nichols, both deceased. Thomas Nichols was born in the State of
New York and his wife was a native of Maine, their marriage being solemnized at
Albion. Edwards County, 111. The parents died when John B. was a small boy, and
as a consequence he went to live with an uncle in Edwards County, 111., for a few
years, but ever since he was twelve years old he has made his own way in the
world. He returned to his native state and worked out on farms near Fond du Lac
and lived with an uncle there until he was about fifteen years old. then returned to
Illinois. His elementary education was received in the rural school of his district
during the winter time, as he was obliged to work on the farm during the other
seasons of the year. He finished his high school course at the Albion high school, after
which he attended the Southern Illinois State Normal University at Carbondale
from which he was graduated. Later he entered the University of Illinois at Cham-
paign, working his wav through this institution by teaching school, and after grad-
uating he engaged in educational work in that state.

In 1897 Mr. Nichols came to Santa Ana, where he was principal of what is now
the Roosevelt school three years, afterward becoming principal of the schools at
Orange. From 1903 to 1907 he filled the post of superintendent of schools for Orange
County, elected on the Republican ticket, and then moved to Oxnard. Ventura County,
where he was principal of the Oxnard schools. Later Mr. Nichols went to Los
Angeles County, where he accepted the position of principal of the Union high school
at Compton. where he remained two years.

In the meantime Mr. Nichols had been improving his spare moments by reading
law, having always cherished a desire to enter the legal profession. While living at
Urbana, 111., he took part of a course in law and finished his course in Los Angeles

264 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

and was admitted to the bar in 1915, first practicing his profession in Los Angeles.
On February 1, 1919, Mr. Nichols returned to Santa Ana. where he opened his
office and has since prosecuted his profession in this city.

Mr. Nichols has been twice married; his first marriage was solemnized at Albion,
111., when he was united with Miss Jane Marriott of that city. She passed away in
1903 at Santa Ana, leaving five children: Claude W.; Nora, Mrs. D. D. Dawson; Edna,
Mrs. Lucien Wisser; Ruth, Mrs. C. O. Harbell, and William H. The second marriage
of Mr. Nichols, in Orange, in 1908, united him with Miss Mary S. Schofield. In his
religious associations Mr. Nichols is a Methodist. In politics he is a Republican,
and fraternally is a Knights Templar Mason, afiiiiated with the Santa Ana lodges.

DOMINGO AND MARIA BASTANCHURY.— Among the pioneer settlers of
what is now Orange County, the names of Domingo and Maria Bastanchury will never
be forgotten, for they were liberal supporters of all movements that had for their aim
the betterment of local conditions and the upbuilding and development of the new
county. Of foreign birth, Domingo Bastanchury first saw the light of day at Aldudes.
Basses-Pyrenees, France, in 1839, the son of Gracian Bastanchury. Domingo never had
the opportunity to obtain an education, as he had to work hard from a very early age,
but what he lacked in book knowledge he made up in business sagacity, and from an
humble sheep herder he rose to a position of prominence and wealth in his chosen home
place. When a young man of twenty-one he left home and friends and came to
America, for he knew that brighter opportunities awaited the man of energy and judg-
ment than were to be found in his own home locality in the Pyrenees. His objective
point was California and he left on a sailing vessel that took six months to make the
journey from his local port around Cape Horn to California. The ship encountered
many storms and the passengers sufifered many hardships, but they bore them all with
fortitude and eventually landed in the land of their hopes — California.

Arriving here in 1860, Mr. Bastanchury worked as a sheep herder for wages and
after several years in that capacity he gradually acquired a band of his own and as these
increased he became independent; at one time he was the largest sheep owner in Los
Angeles County, having from 15,000 to 20,000 head that were grazed all over the south-
ern part of the state. During the dry years when feed was scarce he would take his
flocks into the mountains and try to save them from starvation. At other times the
sale of wool was so slow on account of the tarifT conditions that after it had been
kept for two years it had to be sold for two cents per pound. What .that meant to the
sheep men, no one but themselves knew. As the ranges were diminished in size by
ranchers vvho began to grow various kinds of crops the sheep men gradually went out
of business and Mr. Bastanchury acquired large land holdings in what is now Orange
County. He had 1,200 acres south of Fullerton and later had 6,000 acres northwest from
that city. There still remains of the original acreage 3,300 acres. Tlie family together
have 3,000 acres planted to citrus fruits, the largest individual citrus grove in the world.
All the development of the large tract has been accomplished within the past ten
years, as prior to 1910 it was grazing land or barley fields. This work was done by
the Bastanchury brothers, Gaston A., Joseph F.. and John B., who comprise the Bastan-
chury Ranch Company, now owners of most of the property.

Domingo Bastanchury was united in marriage in Los Angeles, on July 16, 1874,
with Miss Maria Oxarart, who was born in 1848, in the same place as her husband and
who came to California in 1873. Her parents were John and Martha Oxarart, farmers
in Basses-Pyrenees, who raised grain, cattle and goats. The daughter obtained a limited
education in her native home, but after coming to America she attended school a year
to perfect her English. Mrs. Bastanchury shared with her husband all the trials and
hardships incident to pioneer life on the plains of Southern California and while he
was in the mountains with his sheep she was alone with her little family, her nearest
neighbors being several miles away. She well remembers the country when there was
no sign of the present town of Fullerton; all trading was done in Los Angeles or Ana-
heim. The whole country was devoted to grain raising and to the raising of stock,
with the exception of the grape industry that was being developed about Anaheim.
Then came the making of wine, one of the industries of note in the state at one time
There were only two houses between her home place and Los Angeles, and where
now hundreds of autos travel the main road between Los Angeles and Fullerton, in
the early days there would not be more than one team a week.

Mr. and Mrs. Bastanchury became the parents of four sons: Dominic J., who
owns and lives on his 400 acres near La Habra which is planted to walnuts and citrus
fruits; Gaston A., manager of the Bastanchury Ranch Company; Joseph F., and John
B., all of whom reside on the ranch and assist in its care. It is marvelous to realize
that when so much land is continually changing ownership that this large holding is

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 269

still intact and under the highest state of development, all accomplished by the young
men who have grown up in Orange County. On July 21, 1909, Domingo Bastanchury
passed away at his ranch home, the house having been erected by himself and his
good wife in 1906, and was counted one of the show places of this section of Orange
County. Mrs. Bastanchury makes her home on her 200 acres and is in the enjoyment
of the best of health and enters heartily into all movements that mean progress and
better living conditions in the county. Much of the prosperity now enjoyed by the
family is due to the capable management and foresight of this pioneer woman who has
been a witness of the wonderful transformation of the county and Southern California
since she first settled here, a young girl. She believes in living and letting live and
when she can aid any worthy enterprise for bettering local conditions she is ready and
willing to do so. Now in the evening of her days she can look back upon a life well
spent and forward without fear, for she has done her part to make the pathways of her
descendants smoother than the paths she once trod and to prepare them for the
tasks that lead to success.

D. EDSON SMITH.— A well-known pioneer, highly esteemed for his scholarship
and long years of fruitful labors, is D. Edson Smith, of West Seventeenth Street,
Santa Ana, whose accomplished wife is almost as favorably known for her art studies
and work, particularly in experiments with architecture. He was born in Dorset,
Bennington County, Vt., on January U, 1839, and came westward with his parents
when he was only a year old, residing successively in ten different states. He was a
member of the first class to be graduated from the University of Iowa in 1858, and
for a while taught school in Missouri, and next served as a teacher eighteen miles
southwest of Syracuse, K. Y. He also taught in Pennsylvania, and at the close of
the Civil War he was engaged by the Freedman's Bureau to instruct some of the
freed slaves in Virginia and North Carolina.

In 1867 he settled in the Oneida Community in New York State, where the colony
made iron and steel devices, and also silverware, and there he remained until 1881.
when he came to California and purchased a home. He went back to New York
for a year, but in 1883 he returned to the Coast and the Golden State.

For ten years he was secretary of the Pomological Society of Southern Cali-
fornia, and he became well-known throughout the Southland as the editor of "Re-
pute." He also edited work for the month department of the Rural Californian for
three years, and then he published an article entitled, "Ten Acres Enough," in which
he set forth the argument that in California ten acres handled properly was sufficient
for any man to take good care of, and quite as suflicient for his prosperity. This
article was widely copied, and gave Mr. Smith national fame. In 1901, Mr. Smith was
sent to the Buffalo Exposition to represent the Rural Californian. A son of Mr.
Smith having become manager of the Oneida Community silverware factory, with
his headquarters at Niagara Falls* Mr. Smith spent some time with him during the
Exposition visit.

The purchase made by Mr. Smith in 1881 included ten acres, which he developed
so cleverly that it became known as the Model Ranch, Then he sold his land, and
rrioved into town. The removal involved their building a new home, and Mrs. Smith,
who had made a special study of architecture, particularly the antique, designed
their dwelling and created a structure that was so notable as to attract wide attention.
The first Mrs. Smith was Miss Sarah Frances King before her marriage, and a mem-
ber of a long-honored family in the Empire State, and their one living son is Eugene
Deming Smith, who is at present in San Francisco as manager of the office there for
the Oneida Community, The present Mrs. Smith, to whom he was married in May,
1888, was Ellen Frances (Hutchins) Reid, the mother of Ransom Reid, who was for
twenty years superintendent of the water works of Santa Ana.

The Smiths, of which our subject is such a worthy representative, date back to
the Pilgrim Fathers and the famous Preserved Smith, who came from England and
brought so much that was desirable to the New World. What enviable blood they
transmitted to Mr. Smith, with all of noble and ennobling sentiment such as emanates
from a sound body and a sound mind, may be judged when it is stated that now, in
his eighty-second year, Mr. Smith is far more supple than the average inan of thirty.
He can stand on the edge of a brook, for example — and the writer of these lines has
witnessed him in the operation — and so lower his head to sip the purling water that
he has no need of flattening out his body to get a drink, and having thoroughly studied
the laws of nature, he affirms that any man can be young at eighty who eats and other-
wise lives correctly.

Mr. Smith was a resident of this section when it was a part of Los .\ngcles
County. He served as president of the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company for a
number of years, and was one of the organizers of the Southern California Apricot
Growers Association.

270 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

GEORGE McPHEE — Orange County is to be congratulated upon having, as
its sealer of weights and measures, George McPhee, a man of true worth and un-
questioned probity of character, one who has filled this important post for six years
with credit to himself and to his constituency in the county. Mr. McPhee was born
October 19, 1856, in Kent County, New Brunswick, the son of George and Roxana
McPhee. The father was a millwright and George assisted him in the work until
1881, when he migrated farther westward in the great Dominion of Canada, stopping
at Winnipeg, Manitoba, but subsequently locating at Birtle, where he conducted a
hotel for six years.

In 1892 he arrived in California, locating at Elsinore, Riverside County, where
his brother conducted a newspaper. Here he remained until 1896, when he came to
Santa Ana and purchased an interest in the Santa Ana Blade, serving as the city
editor of this progressive publication for sixteen years. His wise, conservative and
patriotic editorials and the high ideals of citizenship advocated by the Blade wielded
such a potent influence in moulding public sentiment in the county that to his efforts
can be attributed the effectual solution of many of the county's difficult problems.
In 1911 Mr. McPhee was nominated by acclamation for city councilman; he made
no campaign, but was elected by a splendid majority, and at his second election he
led the field in number of votes received. During his two terms of four years each,
as councilman, Mr. McPhee was a member of the committee on public buildings and
city affairs. He was always greatly interested in every worthy movement that had
as its aim then upbuilding and betterment of civic conditions in Santa Ana; during
the years that he served as councilman many public buildings were erected, miles of
street pavements constructed, an ornamental lighting system installed and the city
grew by leaps and bounds.

In 1914 Mr. McPhee received the appointment of county sealer of weights
and measures, and so efficiently has the work of this department been conducted that
Orange County was recently complimented, by the state sealer of vveights and
measures, as being the banner county of the state in this line of work. The packing
houses and factories of the county co-operate with Mr. McPhee in the prosecution
of the work, which greatly aids him in the operation of his department. He believes
in educating the public to the importance of this work and in conducting a campaign
along this line.

In 1888 Mr. McPhee was united in marriage with Miss Martha Anderson, a
native of Ontario, Canada, and three children have been born to them: Barry H.,
who is connected with the Edison Company of Santa Ana, married Miss Helen Neff;
C. Ross is a prominent musician of Santa Ana and his marriage united him with
Miss Grachen Denman, of Los Angeles; Muriel is married and resides in Seattle,
Wash. Fraternally Mr. McPhee is a member of Santa Ana Lodge No. 794, B. P. O.
Elks; also of the Modern Woodman of America.

HERBERT A. FORD — A prominent citizen of Orange County, and one who
had been a factor in both the mercantile life of Fullerton since its inception as a small
settlement, and who also developed a tract of land to oranges and walnuts which has
since become one of the finest residence districts in the city. Herbert A. Ford was a
native of Michigan, born in Wright, that state, on May 12, 1859. His parents were
David A. and Jane Ford, both born in New York State, the father, now ninety-two,
living in Garvanza.

In 1884 Mr. Ford came from Dakota to what is now Orange County, first settling
in Placentia. where he followed horticultural pursuits and worked as a ranch manager.
When the town of Fullerton was started, in 1887, he located there and started the first
store, with Mr. Howell as a partner for one year, under the firm name of Howell &
Ford. Later he bought his partner out and continued the business alone. During this
time he had purchased twenty acres of land on West Commonwealth Avenue, from the
Pacific Land and Improvement Company, and also set out several orange and walnut
groves in the Fullerton district on shares for this company.

The marriage of Mr. Ford in 1889 united him with Carrie E. McFadden. daughter
of that honored pioneer. William M. McFadden, who is mentioned elsewhere in the
history. Three sons blessed their union: Alvin L., dairy inspector of Kern County, is
married and has a son, Herbert Alvin; Maurice E., who saw service in France for
eight and one-half months in the late war in the Three Hundred Sixteenth Division, is
at home; and Herbert A., a dentist of Fullerton; he was first lieutenant in the Dental
Review Corps, U. S. A., stationed at a camp in Georgia.

Mrs. Ford is an active member of the First Methodist Church of Fullerton. and
of the W. C- T. U-; she is past matron of the Eastern Star, and a member of the
Ebell Club and the Placentia Round Table, as well as prominent in Red Cross work
during the war. Since the death of her husband, which occurred in 1894, Mrs. Ford

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 271

has subdivided the original ranch of twenty acres, known as the Orchard Subdivision,
and the property has all been sold off under her personal management and is now the
choice residence district of Fullerton, many fine homes adorning the tract. Mr.s. Ford
completed a beautiful bungalow on a portion of the land which she retained, and
there she makes her home, taking an active part in the social, church and club life of
the community which she has seen grow from such small beginnings to its present rank
as one of the most beautiful towns of Southern California.

MRS. PEDRILLA P. PFEIFFER.— For nearly half a century a resident of
Orange County, Mrs. Pedrilla P. Pfeiffer, widow of the late John A. Pfeiffer, one of
the county's most honored citizens, now makes her home at 127 North Grand Street,
Orange, where, now in her seventy-ninth year, she maintains an active interest in the
progress of the community.

Born February 13, 1842, at Shelbyville, 111., Mrs. Pfeiffer was the daughter of
Robert and Hannah (Way) Parrish, natives, respectively, of Virginia and Indiana. The
father was a wagonmaker by trade, and for many years conducted a shop at Shelbyville,
where he was a well-known citizen. He passed away when Mrs. Pfeiffer was but
six years old. Of a family of six children, Mrs. Pfeiffer is the only one now living
and the only one to take up residence in California. She grew up at Shelbyville,
attended the public schools there, and at the age of twenty, on April 15, 1862, she
was united in marriage with John A. Pfeiffer.

A native of Germany, Mr. Pfeiffer was born at Muehlhausen on January 25.
1837. His parents were farmers in moderate circumstances, but gave their son all the
educational advantages possible, and he early developed ambitious tendencies, feeling
that America offered greater opportunities. In 1850, at the age of eighteen, he took
passage on a sailing vessel from Bremen, and after sixty-six days reached New York.
Going on to St. Louis. Mo., he secured employment in a store, improving his spare
moments by attending a business college, realizing how this additional training would
help him to advance in business. Securing a position with the mercantile establishment
of Gen. W. F. Thornton at Shelbyville in 1855. at the modest sum of $200 a year, his
worth was soon recognized, and he was rapidly advanced to a position in the banking
house of General Thornton, and was steadily advanced to a salary of $200 per month
and the post of cashier, an office he filled with unqualified success for twenty-eight
years. .'\s a mark of the confidence reposed in him by his employer, upon the death
of General Thornton. Mr. Pfeiffer was made administrator of his estate, without bond,
and he settled up all the complicated details of this large business in a most satisfactory
manner. At the breaking out of the Civil War he v.'as running a mercantile business of
his own. but he sold out and offered his services to his country. On account of partial
disability he was placed as a sutler.

His health somewhat impaired by the heavy responsibilities of so many years.
Mr. Pfeiffer and his family went to San Antonio, Texas; there he outfitted and trav-
eled over the frontier for a time. Returning again to Illinois he resumed his position.
but in September. 1881. brought his family to California. Settling in Villa Park pre-
cinct, then called Mountain View, he purchased thirty-two acres. .\t that early day
both agriculture and horticulture were in their experimental stages, and it was not
yet fully determined to what products the soil was best adapted. Many vineyards
were being set out, however, and Mr. Pfeiffer set fourteen acres of his ranch with
grapes. Like everyone, his vineyard suffered from blight, and he rented the ranch,
moved to Highland and for two years ran a grocery store, during the building of the
hospital. Returning to the ranch he planted vines a second time, but was unable to
root out the disease, and gave up his efforts.

.'kfter this discouraging circumstance Mr. Pfeiffer disposed of his land and
removed to Orange, where he erected two bungalows on North Grand Street, in one
of which Mrs. Pfeiffer still resides. He was prominent in the ranks of the Odd Fel-
lows, having been a charter member of the lodge at Orange and treasurer of it from
the date of its organization for many years. He was also a member of the Ancient
Order of United Workmen. In 1916 Mr. Pfeiffer suffered an attack of paralysis from
which he never recovered, his death occurring on August 23 of that year, .^n upright,
energetic citizen. Mr. Pfeiffer was loyal to every trust reposed in him and his memory
will ever be cherished by the many friends who appreciated his sterling character.

Mr. and Mrs. Pfeiffer were the parents of six children; two passed away in
infancy during their residence in Illinois; Henry O. died in San Diego at the age of
twenty, and August died at Highland at the age of nineteen; Mollie Mable is the wife
of Arthur S. Barker, a real estate dealer at Los Angeles; they have one son, Russell
A. Barker, who served in the World War, seeing active duty in France; Mrs. .Ada
Meine is a bookkeeper for a Los Angeles firm. During their residence at Villa Park,
Mr. and Mrs. Pfeiffer were active members of the Neighborhood Church there. Since

272 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

coming to Orange Mrs. Pfeiffer has affiliated with the Christian Church at that place,
having been reared in that faith. A Rebekah, she has Ijeen a faithful member of its
ranks fpr many years in Orange.

MRS. ELIZABETH LAMB. — An extensive land owner, well endowed with this
world's goods, and highly respected and loved for her many beautiful and sterling
traits of character is Mrs. Elizabeth Lamb, widow of the late William D. Lamb, promi-
nent pioneer citizen of Southern California. Her life has indeed been rich in varied
experiences in that sort of interest and adventure that was the accompaniment of pio-
neer days, nor has it been unmixed with hardships, some of them being almost unbe-
lievable.

Mrs. Lamb is a native of England, her birthplace being at Billings, Lancashire,
June 24, 1850. Her parents were John R. and Sarah (Jolley) Holt, also of English
birth. The father was a wheelwright and joiner and he followed this line of work
for a number of years in his native land. They were the parents of nine children,
and when Elizabeth was thirteen years of age she came to America with two sisters
and a brother. They sailed from Liverpool in May, 1863, and even then Elizabeth's
adventurous experiences began. After seven weeks of storm and calm they finally
landed at Castle Garden, New York, coming across on the old condemned sailer
"Antarctic" which was sunk on the return voyage. Their destination was Utah, and
they made their way across the country as far as Omaha by train, thence to Salt
Lake City by ox team, arriving there six months after their departure from Liverpool.
Here they located, and later Elizabeth made the acquaintance of William D. Lamb,
to wEom she was married on October 12, 1868. Mr. Lamb was then only nineteen
vears of age, but his life had been filled with arduous experience, even at that time.
Born in Onondaga County, N. Y., he was left motherless at the age of four, and
lived for a time with an uncle near Grand Rapids, Mich. When he was eleven years
old he set out to make his way alone, working his way through to Omaha on railroad
grading work. When he was about fourteen years old his father came up from the
South and the two crossed the plains in a Mormon freight train. At that time he had
not even learned to read, for his life had been so full of toil that there had been no
time for schooling, but after reaching Salt Lake City he managed, even in the midst
of many duties, to learn the alphabet and acquire the rudiments of an education.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Lamb remained in Salt Lake City for a time,
and there their eldest daughter, Mary, now Mrs. E. J. Levengood, was born. Then
they decided to locate in California, and when they arrived here Mr. Lamb earned a
living by chopping and hauling wood on what was later the Lucky Baldwin ranch,
Mrs. Lamb and her little one making their home in their covered wagon. They then
moved on to El Monte and tried farming there, but there was a long season of drought
and all their corn and other produce was dried up. Their next move was to Azusa,
where they lived in the canyon, afterwards named Lamb's Canyon for Mr. Lamb.
Here two of their children were born, but they lost both of them and they were
buried there. Mr. Lamb next bought a squatter's claim of 160 acres four miles
from Huntington Beach, but in 1879, after they had lived there four years, litigation
arose and he and other claimants to adjoining tracts were dispossessed, the Los Bolsas
Company winning the suit. His next purchase was forty acres of the Stearns ranch
at Newhope; here they settled, made many improvements and prospered. They sub-
sequently added to their acreage, and Mrs. Lamb still owns the old home of 120
acres there. The next purchase was 220 acres at Garden Grove and, in 1892, he
closed the deal for 720 acres of the Los Bolsas ranch at a very reasonable price,
and here Mrs. Lamb now makes her home. At first they only ran cattle on these
lands, but they have now been brought up to a high state of cultivation. They were
always among the most progressive farmers of the community, as their place was
always equipped with the latest inventions in farm machinery that could be obtained,
and the example of their enterprise meant much for the progress and welfare of their
neighborhood.

For several years Mr. Lamb was the resident manager of the Los Bolsas Land
Company and other large ranches, and through his work much improvement was
made on the tracts under his charge. He early saw the necessity for drainage and
irrigation, and with several associates purchased a dredger, the first of its kind in
this territory, and thus completely revolutionized the early methods of carrying
on this work. In no instance, perhaps, is his perseverance and progressive spirit
more plainly shown than in the fact that after he had embarked in business for him-
self he employed a man to keep his books, and paid him an extra salary for his per-
sonal instruction in reading, arithmetic and the general principles of business, this
arrangement continuing for three years: after that he was able to superintend every
detail of his extensive business interests for himself and with marked success. Mr.

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 177

Lamb passed away in March, 1911, and is buried at Santa Ana. Like her husband,
Mrs. Lamb had only the most limited opportunities to secure an education, but this
was fully made up through the practical business experience and "hard knocks" of
pioneer days. She has always been a woman of great business and executive ability,
and ever shared with her husband the burdens and responsibilities of their great under-
takings, and much of his success was due to her splendid judgment and management.

Mr. and Mrs. Lamb were the parents of nine children, five of whom are living:
Mary, now Mrs. Edward J. Levengood of Pomona, was first married to William
Haniner. by whom she had two children, Jessie M. and Anson: Wm. Anson and Vina
died in childhood; Arthur, now deceased, married Mary Stephens and had one son.
Leo Ford Lamb, who resides in Los Angeles: Walter D., a rancher near Santa Ana.
married Gertrude DuBois, a daughter of Valentine DuBois of Santa Ana, and they
have two children, Mrs. Velda May Squires and Kenneth: Laura is the wife of Gregory
Harper, and they have two children, Ivan H. and Harold L.; Hugo J., a rancher near
Huntington Beach, married Effie Stockton, and two children have been born to them,
Lois and .-Mice; Earl A. is also engaged in ranching near Huntington Beach; he mar-
ried Etta Bradley, and they are the parents of three children. Rachel E.. Wm. G. and
Alvan; Robert died at the age of four months.

Mrs. Lamb makes her home on her 720-acre ranch southeast of Huntington
Beach, her son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Gregory Harper, living with her,
and she is active and interested in the management of her properties and extensive
business interests. A woman of great force of character, withal kindly and consider-
ate, she is greatly beloved by her family and a large circle of friends. A true type of
the pioneer woman, her life is a record of accomplishment and good deeds that will
leave their beneficent influence on the generations to come.

WILLIAM WENDT. — .\ distinguished American artist who has added lustre to
the rapid development of art in California is William Wendt, who was born in a little
village in the north of Germany on February 20, 1865, and came to America at the
age of fifteen, when he took up his residence in Chicago. He attended the public
schools, and became interested in commercial art, spending a number of years in the
shops, together with Gardner Symons.

In 1893. Mr. Wendt contributed to the Chicago Society of Artists Exhibition,
and was awarded his first recognition in the granting of the Yerkes prize. He main-
tained a studio at Chicago, and spent the following year sketching near San Jose, in
California. Later, he made another trip to California, this time to Los Angeles, after
which he returned to Chicago and planned with Mr. Symons a tour of Europe. With
the exception of two terms of study in the evening classes of the Chicago Art Insti-
tute, Mr. Wendt is a self-taught artist.

Proceeding to Europe, Mr. Wendt spent fifteen months in the galleries of London
and other English centers, and in painting scenes of rural life in England; making his
headquarters at St. Ives, Cornwall. Leaving his companion still luxuriating in British
art environment, Mr. Wendt returned to America, and with his foreign subjects made
an unusual exhibition at the galleries of the Kr\. Institute in Chicago. A second trip
to Europe was extended to a survey of the galleries and art fields of Hamburg. Berlin.
Munich and Amsterdam and Paris, returning to America in 1904 to devote himself to
.American landscape painting. Mr. Wendt contributed to the St. Louis Exposition in
1904, and received the silver medal; and the same year he was awarded the Kahn prize
at Chicago. In 1897 he had been given the Young Fortnightly Prize, and in 1901 the
bronze medal of the Buffalo Exposition. The next year he was given honorable men-
tion at the exhibition of the Chicago Society of Artists.

In 1906. Mr. W'endt moved to Los Angeles, and for seven or eight years was
president of the California Art Club. He exhibited at the Museum in Exposition
Park, which museum later purchased his picture, "The Land of Heart's Desire."

For many years, Mr. Wendt has been associated with the art development at
Laguna Beach, having painted in that locality for the last seventeen years, and in
1918 he erected a well-planned studio at Arch Beach about a mile south of Laguna
Beach, on the Coast. The studio is more than a working place, it is a retreat from
the humdrum of everyday activities, for Mr. Wendt feels he has found at Laguna
the opportunity for seclusion sought for during many years, and he expects here to
comnlete many of his dreamed-of pictures, and to accomplish the height of his ambition.
Besides having been made an associate of the National .-\cadcniy of Design, in 1913.
Mr. Wendt is a member of the National Art Club of New York City, the Chicago
Society of Artists, the California Art Club, and the Laguna Beach Art Association
and Federation of Arts. W'ashington. In addition to the honors already referred to, Mr.
Wendt received the fine arts prize of the Society of Western .Artists in 1912, the silver
medal of the Panama Exposition in 1915, the Wednesday Club Medal prize, St. Louis

278 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

1910, and the grand prize of the San Diego Exposition of the same year, the Kirch-
berger prize, American Artists Exhibition, Art Institute of Chicago, 1913, and the
Clarence A. Black prize of the California Art Club in 1916. He is represented in perma-
nent collections of the Chicago Art Institute, the Friends of American Art, the Cliff
Dwellers, the Union League of Chicago, the Athletic Club of Los Angeles, the Cin-
cinnati Museum, the Art Association of Indianapolis, the National Arts Club. New
York, and other museums and clubs.

In June. 1906, the same year in which Mr. W'endt became a resident of Los
Angeles, he was married to the noted sculptor of Chicago, Julia M. Bracken; their home
is at 2814 North Sichel Street, Los Angeles.

According to a writer in the Chicago Tribune, under date of May 16, 1920, the
four favorite pictures in the Chicago Art Institute are. first, "The Song of the Lark," by
Jules Breton; second, "The Silence of Night." bj- William Wendt: third, "The Flower
Girl in Holland." by George Hitchcock; and fourth. "The Home of the Heron." by
George Inness — usualh' rated the greatest of American landscape artists. "The Silence
of the Night," which may perhaps rank as Wendt's masterpiece, was presented to the
Chicago Art Institute by a number of the friends of that museum and school; another
canvas by Mr. Wendt also hangs in this noted gallery, a landscape entitled "When All
the World is Young," painted at Topango Canyon. California.

JAMES R. KELLY.— In the passing away of James R. Kelly on April 17, 1908,
Orange County lost one of its stanch citizens whose labors for the development of this
locality in striving to enhance its progress and develop its resources entitle him to a
prominent rank among its early residents.

The lineage of the Kelly family is traced back to three brothers and a sister who
were born in Ulster, in the north of Ireland, and who came to America between the
years of 1720 and 1730, so that they have an honored history of nearly two centuries on
this side of the Atlantic. One of the brothers. Col. John Kelly, was accompanied by
his wife, who before her marriage was Margaret Armour, also a native of the Emerald
Isle. The young couple became pioneers of Pennsylvania, settling in Bucks County
as early as 1760, and there they remained all their lives. An ardent lover of liberty,
John Kelly was ever devoted to the land of his adoption, and when the Revolutionary
War broke out he at once offered his services and joined in the conflict. It is needless
to say that he suffered many dangers and privations during that long siege, but he
never wavered in his loyalty to the cause he had espoused and through his courage
and patriotism he rose to the rank of colonel in the Continental .Army.

Colonel and Mrs. John Kelly had a family of nine children, and one of their
sons, John, who was for many years a resident of Juanita County, Pa., married Miss
Rebecca Clarke, a native of Scotland, and their son. Moses Kelly, married Miss Eliza-
beth Patterson and reared a family of ten children in Juniata County, Pa. The seventh
of their children was Tames R. Kellv, of this review, who was born near Mifflintown,
Pa., June 28, 1835.

Educated in the public schools of Juniata County and trained to a practical knowl-
edge of agriculture, James R. Kelly became one of the intelligent and prosperous
farmers of his native county, where for years he devoted himself to his chosen occu-
pation, save for the period of his service in the Civil War. Upon retiring from
general farming he removed to Kansas and established a home at Lawrence, Douglas
County. Three years later, in 1888. he came to Southern California and purchased
a lot and built a home at 528 W^alnut Street. Santa Ana. w-here he resided until his
death. Immediately after his arrival he identified himself with the fruit-growing busi-
ness and soon became familiar with every department of the leading industry of the
locality. On his ranch he raised apricots, oranges and walnuts. It was his aim to
grow only fruits of the choicest varieties, so that the products of his grove might
command the highest prices in the Eastern markets.

Mr. Kelly's marriage on March 18. 1869. united him with Miss Jane Robinson,
a native of Juniata County, Pa., and a daughter of George and Priscilla (Laird) Robin-
son, both of Scotch-Irish ancestry, but born and reared in Juniata County. Mr. and
Mrs. Kelly were the parents of three sons: Frederick M.. who was educated at the
University of Michigan, is an assayer and chemist; he is one of the leading citizens of
Needles, Cal., where he has been postmaster for many years. He married Miss Pearl
Glenn of Springville, Iowa, a granddaughter of the first white child born in Chicago,
and they are the parents of two sons, Robert Glenn and Fred; George Patterson Kelly,
who was also educated at the University of Michigan, practiced law for a number of
years in Chicago and while there married Miss .\gnes K. Gavney of Aurora, 111. George
P. Kelly passed away in 1915 at Santa Ana and his wife died in 1919. leaving one son,
James T.; R. Bayard, born at Juanita. Pa., March 13, 1880, attended the public schools
a{ Santa .Ana, took bookkeeping and telegraphy and was employed at Needles for eight

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 279

years, then returned to Santa Ana and was a successful walnut grower of the Tustin
district until selling in 1919. He was married in 1915 to Miss Magdalena Lauterbach,
who was born at Buflfalo, N. Y., but who has been a resident of California since 1904.
They are the parents of one son, Robert. Mrs. James R. Kelly passed away at her
home in Santa Ana, April 6, 1919, at the age of about eighty-three.

Like his forbear of Revolutionary days, James R. Kelly was intensely patriotic and
any mention of his life work would be incomplete without recording his war service,
which put to a severe test the qualities of courage, patience and endurance possessed
by him to a remarkable degree. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Kelly
offered his services to the Union and on July 25, 1861, he was accepted as a member
of Company A, First Pennsylvania Reserve Cavalry, enlisting from Juniata County.
This regiment was ordered to the front at once and became one of the most famous
fighting units of tlie Federal Army. In the charge at Cedar Mountain Companies A,
B, C and D went into action with 264 men and came out with only seventy-two able
to report for duty. Mr. Kelly held the rank of first lieutenant in Company .A and
owing to the frequent absence of the captain was often called upon to command the
companj". In the battle of Shepherdstown, July 17, 1863, an exploding shell struck him,
cutting an artery in his leg and leaving a painful wound. On another occasion he
was slightly injured in battle. While in a cavalry skirmish at Samaria Church, \'a..
June 24, 1864, he was taken prisoner and confined in the famous Libby prison. Later
he was transferred successively to Columbia, S. C. Macon, Ga., Belle Isle, Savannah,
Ga., and Charleston. S. C, remaining in these prisons until the close of the war with
the exception of two brief periods when escape had been rendered possible by the
ingenuity of the prisoners. However, in both instances he was recaptured. It was
characteristic of the man that he never complained in the midst of hardships that would
have daunted any Ijut the bravest of spirits. On the other hand, he was quick to note
any humorous incidents that occurred and his cheerful disposition was a ray of sun-
shine to others in hours of trouble. When he was mustered out, April 25, 1865, he
returned to his Pennsylvania home with the esteem of his superior officers and the
friendship of his comrades, .\fter the organization of the Grand .\rmy of the Republic
he identified himself with that work and never ceased to cherish aflfection for the
"boys in blue." Politically he voted with the Republican party and during his resi-
dence in Pennsylvania he filled local offices. Early in life he had become a member
of the Presbyterian denomination, and after coming to Santa .\na he officiated as an
elder in the First Church, to whose philanthropies and missionary enterprises he was
a generous contributor.

DR. JOHN McCLELLAN LACY.— Whenever the historian shall essay to tell the
story of Santa .Ana. he will find it a pleasureable duty to narrate again the career of
Dr. John McCleflan Lacy, the pioneer physician, who did so much in many ways for
the welfare and advancement of the town. He was born at Huntsville, Ala., on Wash-
ington's Birthday, 1837, the son of Thomas H. and Mary E. Lacy, Southern planter
folks who moved from Alabama to Arkansas, when John was eighteen years of age.
.And there, in 1861, Thomas Lacy died, the father of three boys and eight girls, worthy
descendants of a family tracing its ancestry back to France. .At that time, the name
was de Lacy; but when the Huguenots came to .America on account of religious
persecution in France, this branch of the family, coming with them, changed the name
to simple Lacy. Mrs. Lacy was a McClellan, and her mother's ma;iden name was
Wallace; and she was able to trace her ancestry to Sir William Wallace of Scotland.

John McClellan Lacy attended the grammar school in Huntsville, .Ala., and when
old enough to do so. read medicine with Dr. William B. Welch in .Arkansas. He later
was graduated from the St. Louis Medical College, and still later took post-graduate
work at the University of Nashville, Tenn.

When the Civil War broke out. Dr. Lacy volunteered for service in the Con-
federate .Army as surgeon to an Arkansas regiment, and from 1861, he marched and
fought for four long, hard years. He had farmed and shipped cotton, while reading
medicine, and so was able to hold his own in the arduous campaigning.

-After the war. Dr. Lacy practiced medicine in .Arkansas and the Indian Territory,
(later Oklahoma) and in 1879 came to California across the great plains. He made the
journey in wagons, and was eight months on the road; and he and his party had many
interesting experiences with the Indians, and other adventures by the way.

At Cane Hill. Ark., on April 3, 1861, Dr. Lacy married Miss Eliza P. Bean, daughter
of Mark Bean, and his wife, Nancy J. He was a wealthy cotton planter and factory
owner, and was honored by his fellow-citizens with election to the state legislature
as a representative from Washington County. Several children blessed the fortunate
union. Margaret M. is the eldest daughter; and the other children are Mary L.. Mrs.
William P. \'ance: Maude L., Mrs. Newton Pierce; Lcla, Mrs 1. E. Vaughan; Laura

280 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUXTY

L., Mrs. J. W. Murray; and Mark B., who married Genevieve Waffle. Dr. Lacy's
youngest brother was sheriff of Orange County for sixteen years.

A Democrat in matters of national politics. Dr. Lacy was a member of the city
council. He belonged to the State and County Medical Societies, and served for'a while
as city health officer of Santa .-Xna. He belonged to the First Presbyterian Church, and
was a Mason, having joined that order in 1860, and a member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen. When he died, on February 2, 1913. at Santa Ana, he was almost
seventy-six years of age.

Old-time friends of the deceased bore the casket, and the Rev. T. A. Stevenson
paid the departed such a tribute as he deserved. He said, in part; "The working
days of the physician are restless days. He knows no hours that are his own. He
is the servant of suffering humanity, morning, noon and night. No man knows the
weary hours that are contributed by the men that are tired almost to death. But
when the restless days and nights of Dr. Lacy's working time were gone he knew a
harder restlessness in the times of his own sickness. The days were long, and the
nights were longer, and pain and suffering were there. Then out of the restlessness
of life. God called him to the rest of a blessed eternity. Dr. McLaren has made im-
mortal the 'Doctor of the Old School.' But thank God we do not have to hasten
to the distant fields of Scotland nor into the pages of literature to find the splendid
hero. The cultured, kindly, unassuming, uncomplaining, self-forgetful Christian gen-
tleman. Dr. Lacy, was an honor to the Church of Christ, a benediction to this com-
munity, and an adornment to the medical profession."

MRS. EROLINDA YORBA.— A distinguished, highly esteemed representative of
one of the oldest and most historic families in California is Mrs. Erolinda Yorba, the
well-to-do widow of \'icente Yorba, whose family settled along the Coast at a very
early period. His parents were Bernardo and Felipa (Dominguez) Yorba, born in San
Diego and Los Angeles, respectively. Bernardo Yorba was the holder of grants aggre-
gating over 165,000 acres, given him by the King of Spain. These grants were La Sierra,
in Riverside County, and Rancho San Antonio Cajon de Santa Ana, in Orange County;
and just how historical the character of the founder of this family was, may be gath-
ered from the reference to him by his contemporary, Harris Xewmark. the Los Angeles
pioneer, who says in his personal reminiscences, "Sixty Years in Southern California."

"Bernardo Yorba was another great landowner; and I am sure that, in the day of
his glory, he might have traveled fifty to sixty miles in a straight line, touching none
but his own possessions. His ranches, on one of which Pio Pico hid from Santiago
Arguello, were delightfully located, where now stand such places as Anaheim, Orange.
Santa Ana, Westminster, Garden Grove and other towns in Orange County — then a
part of Los Angeles County." In McGroarty's Mission Play, one of the leading char-
acters is Josefa Yorba, the grandmother of Vicente Yorba, who was selected because
of her beautiful character and many deeds of kindness.

As early as 1835 Bernardo Yorba settled and built his home — a ninety-room
adobe — at what is now the town of Yorba, and a part of the old building is still stand-
ing. In it was a crude jewelry shop, harness shop, saddlery, blacksmith shop and a
general merchandise store: in other words, it was a miniature city, known all over
Southern California. It was a more or less dreary section then, and these worthy
pioneers improved the land and the surroundings at the cost of their own lives and
health. For a long time the well-known Yorba adobe sheltered the growing family,
but the enterprising father never lived to see all the transformations he and others
associated with and guided by him brought about. Bernardo Yorba died on November
20. 1858, and thus followed to the grave his devoted wife and companion, who had
passed away seven years before.

V'icente Yorba, one of the youngest of the family, was born at Yorba on Februarj^
3. 1844; and being early thrown upon his own resources, he in time amassed consider-
able property. He owned, for example, a fine ranch of forty-four acres on the north
side of the Santa Ana River, and another ranch of 343 acres at Yorba. The old home
ranch upon which Mr. Yorba passed away came to be noted for its walnuts, its vineyard
and its alfalfa, and was especially famous for its productivity. The other property,
on the south side of the river, was given up to general farming and the raising of
walnuts. Upon Mr. Yorba's death, the family moved to this last-mentioned ranch, and
there erected a large and modern residence, in which they have since resided, .\lthough
Mr. Yorba was very optimistic in his belief of a great future for Orange County, yet in
his most optimistic moments he could not have dreamed of the wealth so soon to be
brought from the depths under these lands; and on his original home place the Union
Oil Company is now sinking wells for oil, and have been rewarded with an excellent
showing.

yL.^L.(^V'U<^ / /irK<rt^<-^

ijzdi^^o^ e^ j^^A.

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 285

On October 25, 1876. Vicente Yorba was married to Miss Erolinda Cota, a native
of Los Angeles and the daughter of Francisco Cota, another well-known native, whose
family owned the Spanish grant, Rancho de Bellona, what is now the site of Venice.
Her mother was Martina Machado. and her grandmother a Sepulveda. She was edu-
cated in the parish schools of Los Angeles, and there received such an excellent train-
ing that, while prepared to manage her own business afTairs, she was also enabled to
maintain the refinement characteristic of the highest social breeding, and to preserve
a striking and natural beauty of feature, form and demeanor, scarcely altered since Mr.
Yorba died, on February 24, 1913, on the ranch to the north of the Santa Ana River, in
his tifty-ninth year. Mrs. Yorba is a member of the Catholic Church at Yorba, and is
the center of an admiring and devoted circle. To Mr. Yorba's public-spiritedness is
largely due the establishing of the well-equipped school at Yorl)a. on which he was a
trustee for many years until his death.

Six children blessed the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Yorba: Hortense M. is the
wife of Porfirio Palomares, an extensive landowner of Pomona, now residing at Oxnard:
Mantina L. is the wife of Lorenzo Pelanconi. and resides at Hollywood; Mary L. is the
wife of Ignacio Vejar of Pomona; L^benia Juanita married George Wents and lives with
her mother; she has one child, Erolinda Dolores: Bernardo was in the Fortieth Heavy
Coast .\rtiUery, where he was assistant observer, and was in New York, on his way to
France, when the armistice was signed, when he returned home and is now assisting
his mother; he is married to Miss Edna Leep of Nebraska: Vicente Francisco married
Lidella Walters of Placentia: they have one son, \'icente Samuel, and also reside on tlie
Yorba ranch.

Since the death of Mr. Yorba. the family continue to reside on the ranch which
is owned by Mr. Yorba and which they have greatly improved with an irrigation system
and with Valencia orange orchards. Here they dwell together in harmony, each
assisting and cooperating to the mutual advantage of all. With the mother at the head
of afifairs — an honor her children lovingly accord her — she is ably assisted by them
and they in turn appreciate her confidence and shower on her their love and devotion,
thus relieving her from much unnecessary worry and care.

JUDGE CHRISTIAN C. STONER.— An efficient, popular public official with
a very interesting war record is Judge Christian C. Stoner, a native of Blair County.
Pa., where he was born on December 27, 1844. He is the son of Jacob E. Stoner, a
native of Lancaster County, Pa., who in 1849 removed to Noble County, Ind.. where
he was a pioneer farmer. In 1873 he pitched his tent in Cloud County, Kans., and
there he contintied to farm until he died, honored of all men. He had married Polly
Cowen, a native of Blair County, and she also died in Kansas. They had six children,
and the subject of our sketch was the fourth in the order of birth.

Reared in Noble County, Ind., on a farm, C. G. Stoner went to a log-cabin school
house and sat on slab benches: later, he enjoyed more comfortable quarters in a frame
school building, but left school to volunteer for service in the Civil War. In 1863 he
entered Company B of the Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered
in at Kendallville, and sent to join Sherman's Army at Chattanooga. As a part of the
Fourteenth .\rniy Corps, he was with Sherman until the close of the war. and partici-
pated in the battles of Resac, Dallas, Dalton, Snake Creek Gap, Buzzard's Roost, Kene-
saw Mountain, Peach Tree (where General McPherson fell). Jonesboro, Goldsboro,
Bentonville and other notable places. He never received a scratch or wound, nor was
he ever in a hospital: but of five relatives who enlisted when he did, he was the only
one to return. .\ brother, David, was in the same regiment and was killed at the Battle
of Bentonville, N. C. With his comrades he marched to Richmond and then on to
Washington, D. C: and there he took part in the Grand Review. .-\t Louisville, Ky.,
in July, 1865, he was mustered out. and returned home.

.■\fter the war, Mr. Stoner went to the home school for a couple of years, and
when there was a vacancy, he taught there. He remained for two years, and "brought
order out of chaos": then went to W'olf Lake high school, and after that taught for
another two years. In 1873. he removed to Kansas, near Concordia, Cloud County, and
took a homestead of 160 acres, where he engaged in farming.

Seven years later, the citizens of that district selected him to teach school, and
for three years he trained the young idea how to shoot: was justice of the peace of
Nelson township for fifteen years, and was probate judge of Cloud County for two
terms, being elected in 1890 and reelected in 1892, and served until January, 1895.
In 1896, he was elected a member of the .Assembly of the Kansas State Legislature, and
served there during 1896 and 1897. His legal knowledge enabled him to be particularly
valuable to his constituency; for while he was probate judge only two cases he had

286 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

decided were appealed, and in each of these instances the higher court sustained his
decision.

About 1904 Judge Stoner removed to Lincohi County, Kans., and for five years
owned and edited the Lincoln Sentinel. In 1909 he located in Orange County, Cal.,
and bought an orange grove near El Modena, which he managed for two years, then
disposed of the property, and retired. He was a city trustee for six years, and during
that period was chairman of the board, or acting mayor, for four years. The night
his term was up, the Judge was appointed city recorder, in April, 1918, and he has held
that responsible office ever since.

While in Indiana, in August, 1867, Judge Stoner was married to Miss Rachel A.
Winebrenner, a native of that state, and by her he has had three children. Barbara Ellen
is Mrs. Secrist of Long Beach; George, a graduate of Lincoln College, Kansas, took
a course at the University of California and is now a teacher in the Orange high school;
and Peter is a graduate of the State University at Berkeley and is a teacher in the high
school at Pasadena. Judge Stoner is a member of Gordon Granger Post No. 138, and
is at present the commander of the post. He was aide-de-camp on National Com-
mander Somer's stafif, in 1918. He belongs to the Christian Church, where he has been
an elder for many years.

DAVID CLARENCE DRAKE.— .\n authority on citrus culture in California, and
a prominent factor in the development of the industry in Orange County, is David
Clarence Drake, whose advice, as that of a sensible man of original ideas, is often
sought by growers. He comes of an interesting family, long associated with the
history of Long Island, and has identified himself in an enviable way with the history
of the Golden State.

He was born at Southampton, Suffolk County, N. Y., in 1864, the son of David
R. Drake, who was born at Roxbury, Morris County, N. J., and reared on Long
Island becoming a sea-captain, thereby maintaining an interesting tradition from the
time of the English renowned explorer. For more than thirty years the master of a
whaler, he sailed out of Sag Harbor, L. L, and also New Bedford, Mass., into the
various oceans of the globe, touched at many foreign ports, and thus grew familiar
with important places all over the world, and was indeed a well-traveled man. About
fifty years ago, he quit the sea and retired to his home at Southampton. He had
married Harriet Fithian, a native of that place and a member of an old Long Island
family of Welsh descent, and three children had blessed their union. Two are still
living, and our subject is the only one in California.

Brought up in quaint old Southampton, L. I., David C. Drake was educated at
the grammar schools of that neighborhood, and also at the Southampton Academy,
after which, for a couple of years, he attended the Franklin Literary Institute in Dela-
ware County; then entered Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., from
which he was graduated in 1882; the pleasure of his studies leading him to move west
to the Pacific Coast, and to study for two years in the Van der Nailen School of
Engineering at San Francisco, where he took a course in railroad engineering and
surveying, and was duly graduated with honors.

On his return East and to Southampton, Mr. Drake married Miss Harriet Ford-
ham, who had also been born in that town, of an old and prominent family; and he
then engaged in the raising of fruit for the New York City market, and also for the
summer trade at Little Newport, L. I. This essay in horticulture he continued until
1896, when he sold out, came west to California, and pitched his tent at Pomona. It
was in truth but a temporary camp that he established, for he then traveled all over
the state, and up and down the Coast, even into British Columbia, getting first-hand
impressions of the great West; at the end of which varied enviable experience, he de-
cided that Orange was most to his liking, and ever since he has been closely asso-
ciated with the fortunes of the fast-developing place.

He purchased his three acres on East Chapman Avenue, Orange, and made all
the necessary improvements, set it out to oranges, and built his handsome, comfortable
residence, and made of the whole a beauty spot. He also bought thirty acres of raw
land at the corner of Seventeenth Street and Holt Avenue, where he set out twenty
acres of Valencia oranges and ten acres of lemons.

For many years Mr. Drake was a director in the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation
Cornpany, and assisted in bringing that popular concern to its present state of high
efficiency. In 1897 he joined the local organization of citrus ranchers, the Santiago
Orange Growers .\ssociation, and in 1898 they built their first packing house in
Orange — the parent association from which have sprung eleven different citrus asso-
ciations in this vicinity, and resulted in the final formation of the Orange County
Fruit Exchange. Mr. Drake, after having been a director in the Santiago Orange
Growers Association, is now its president: and he is also president of the Orange

L///%^ c7Zoc7^^

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 289

County Fruit Exchange, which handled over live million dollars' worth of l)usines.s
in 1919. For six years Mr. Drake was trustee of the city of Orange, and all that period
he was president of the board, or mayor of the town. He started, with his associates,
tlie building of sewers, and bought the present sewer farm, and they were starting
the improvement of streets and sidewalks when he resigned. In national politics, he
is a stanch Republican. A member of the First Presbyterian Church at Orange, Mr.
Drake has been an elder there for the past twenty years. He was made a Mason in
Orange Grove Lodge, No. 293, F. & A. M., and belongs to the Fraternal .Aid Union.

PETER HANSEN.— Horticultural enterprises have engaged the attention of
Peter Hansen for a long period of successful activity, and by means of his skill in
this field as well as his perseverance and industry, he has added another name to the
list of prosperous fruit growers of the county and has furnished additional evidence as
to the adaptability of the soil to such pursuits. He is now the only surviving member
of the pioneers who settled in the Placentia district as early as 1867, a worthy repre-
sentative of those hardy and intrepid settlers.

A native of Denmark, Mr. Hansen was born at Varde, Jylland, on Christmas Day.
1838. His parents were farmers, so from a lad he made himself useful about the farm,
in the meantime receiving a good education in the excellent schools of Denmark. Being
the next to the youngest of a family of five children, he remained at home and assisted
his parents until he entered the Danish army and served the required two years' time,
when he again followed farming until the breaking out of the Slesvig-Holstein War.
He was called to the colors, and immediately responding, he became a member of a
cavalry regiment of the Danish army and served as a corporal until the close of the

Immediately after his discharge, Mr. Hansen resolved to emigrate to the United
States, so in the fall of 1865 we find him making the long journey via the Isthmus of
Panama to San Francisco, where he was employed for two years. Having heard favor-
able reports from Anaheim and vicinity, he came by boat to San Pedro and on to Los
Angeles. The present metropolis of the Pacific Coast was then a small hamlet built
around the plaza, with only a few houses and one hotel. He came on to Anaheim,
where he was employed by Tim Boege at teaming, hauling freight to Los Angeles and
.\naheim Landing, the latter now being known as Seal Beach. In the meantime he
invested his savings in 106 acres of raw land at Placentia, then Los Angeles Count}';
it was virgin land in what was then a wilderness, for which he paid the small sum of
fourteen dollars per acre. He cleared the land of brush and wild mustard and planted
rye. wheat and barley. In those days game of all kinds was abundant, and the wild
horses and cattle that roamed the plains caused Mr. Hansen much trouble, invading his
ranch and destroying his crops. He purchased one of the first threshing machines used
in his district, a stationary machine run by horsepower, drawn by eighteen horses, and
the first year his crop yielded enough to pay for the machine, which he used all over
the country threshing for others. He next set out his ranch to grapes and built one
of the first wineries in the county, a brick structure 40 by 100 feet in size. After
making wine for many years and selling it in casks to people who came from miles
around to purchase it, he took out the vines and planted seedling and Washington Navel
orange trees; later he budded his trees to Valencia oranges, his present orchard. To
his brother Charles, who came from the East and worked for him on the ranch, Mr.
Hansen gave fifty-three acres of the property. The brother died in 1903. In later
years Mr. Hansen deeded a large part of his holdings to his children, retaining enough
property to give him a competency for his retired years.

Mr. Hansen's wife, who before her marriage was Christine Jensen, was a native
of .\benrade, Slesvig, their marriage being solemnized at Orangethorpe in 1874. .\n
able helpmate and a loving wife and mother, her death on March 14, 1900, made an
irreparable breach in the family circle. She left five children, as follows: Mattie is the
wife of .Arthur Edwards of Placentia, and the mother of two children, Gladys and
Hugh; .Anna married Horace Head of Santa .Ana and they have two children, Melville
and Iris; George, who lives at Placentia, is married and has four children, Christine,
Ernest. Robert and George; Charles L. also lives at Placentia; Christine is the wife of
Walter C. McFarland of Placentia and they are the parents of one child, F'orest
Walter. Mr. and Mrs. McFarland own and reside in the old Hansen home, over which
Mrs. McFarland presides gracefully, showing her loving care and devotion to her
aged father, who appreciates her ministrations to his comfort and happiness. Mr.
Mcl-"arland served in the World War in the Three Hundred Sixty-third Infantry at
Camp Lewis until he volunteered in the Signal Corps, Aviation Section, being stationed
at Kelly Field, San .Antonio, Texas, and at North Island, San Diego, Cal., until after the

290 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

armistice, when he was honorably discharged, returning to the peaceful pursuit of
farming. In early days Mr. Hansen was a school trustee at Placentia and was one of
the twelve men who founded Balboa Beach, in which he has always been deeply
interested, and where he owns a fine residence, to which his fondness for the ocean
causes him to make frequent visits. He was also one of the founders of the Anaheim
Union Water Company. Fraternally he was a member of the Anaheim Lodge of Odd
Fellows. Accompanied by his daughter Christine, in 1902 he made a trip back to his
native land, from whence he came a poor boy. but richly endowed with the natural
characteristics that Dame Nature is pleased to reward — indomitable energy and a spirit
undaunted by the difficulties encountered on the road to life that leads to success.

HUBERT ISAAC. — A most interesting pioneer, partly on account of his early
history as a railway man and a miner before he came to California, is Hubert Isaac,
distinguished to all who know him for his foresight and his strict integrity. He was
born at Milwaukee. Wis., on February 26, 1856, the son of Francis Joseph and Anna
(Schreiner) Isaac, natives of Aix-la-Chapelle; and grew up to do farm work. Going
to Hancock. Mich., however, he joined a train crew, first as one of the operatives on
a freight train, then as a baggageman, and then on a passenger train, on the Mineral
Range Railway. For the next four and three-quarter years, he was employed in the
Black Hills, weighing ore in the mining country, when he pushed on the California, via
Cheyenne. Wyo., in 1879. He stopped at Los Angeles, but ran out to see El Modena,
with friends, on a hunting trip.

He chanced to meet there David Hewes. the well known pioneer who has left
behind him such a record for doing things, and as he needed some one to do carpenter
work, he entered his employ. His first job was to build a corral enclosing a space of
half an acre; and when this was satisfactorily finished, friendly relations were estab-
lished and he continued to work for Mr. Hewes steadily for a year and a half. He
was then under the direction of Henry Young, the first foreman of the great Hewes
Ranch, on which ranch Mr. Isaac was also foreman twice. Later, he returned to Mr.
Hewes' service, and was with him for twenty-seven years and nine months, so that it
may safely be said that he was one of Mr. Hewes' most trusted employees.

Mr. Isaac bought eleven lots in El Modena before the "boom," and there he
built thirteen houses, which he rents to others. Altogether, he owns forty-two lots,
and is the largest taxpayer in El Modena. Personally, Mr. Isaac is known for his sym-
pathetic nature, his keen insight into daily life, his sense of justice, and his desire
to do right and to see that righteousness is done. In many respects, while ultra-
conservative perhaps, he represents the dependable type of safe citizenship and financial
endeavor, and enjoys, as he well merits, the esteem and confidence of his fellow-men.
RICHARD ROBINSON.— One of Orange County's oldest pioneers, Richard Rob-
inson is living retired at Garden Grove, after a well-rounded life filled with many
adventurous experiences, having reached the age of ninety-three years. Born in the
township of Edwardsburg. Grenville County, Ontario. Canada, September 9, 1827, Mr.
Robinson was the son of Isaac and Margaret (Moses) Robinson, both natives of
Ireland, who soon after their marriage there in County Tyrone, came to Canada, and
here all their nine children were born. Isaac Robinson was a shoemaker by trade, but
followed farming to a great extent, owning a farm of 260 acres. He was killed by a
horse when Richard was only sixteen years of age; the mother lived to be ninety-two
years old. Richard early learned the shoemaking business and from the time he was
sixteen years old he took his place in the world as a breadwinner for the family. He
ran a shop on the home farm, often working in the fields all day and then at shoemaking
until late at night. Necessarily his schooling was limited, both from his lack of time
and from the scarcity of educational opportunities, as in those days they had only
subscription schools, maintained by the people of the community, the teachers boarding
'round among the families.

When he reached the age of twenty-four, Mr. Robinson made up his mind to try
his fortune in California, and accordingly sailed from New York on the "Fannie Major,"
which was bound for San Francisco around the Horn. While off the coast of Brazil
they encountered a severe storm in which the top main mast of their vessel was
broken off and they had to put in to San Salvador for repairs. While there Mr. Robin-
son saw slavery in its worst form and has yet vivid memories of some of the horrible
conditions that accompanied it in that country. Proceeding on their journey they
doubled Cape Horn and again encountered a terrific gale which lasted for several days
and nights during which every sail was torn to shreds. Although it was the latter
part of June, zero weather prevailed and every hour it seemed as if they would surely
be swallowed up by the angry waves. After miraculously escaping from being dashed
to pieces on the rocky coast of Patagonia, they finally reached Tocawanda. Chile,

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUXTY 291

where they procured an entire new set of sails and then continued the journey to San
Francisco, reaching there in September, 1852, after a voyage of five and one-half months.

From San Francisco Mr. Robinson went up to the mines on the Yuba River, later
going on to Placerville, where he mined with considerable success, clearing up some
money. Here he was married in March, 1854. to Miss Letty Bolton, the daughter of
Richard and Lucretia (Redmond) Bolton, natives, respectively, of Ireland and Canada.
She was also born in Canada, only about twelve miles from Mr. Robinson's birthplace,
although they had never known each other until they met at Placerville. She had come
across the plains in 1851 with the family of her brother-in-law, John Johnson. Later
Mr. and Mrs. Robinson went up into British Columbia, where he mined for a time on
the Fraser River, but did not meet with much success. In 1859, with his wife and
child he went back to Canada to visit his old home, returning in 1862 to California,
making the trip, both going and coming, by way of Panama. On reaching here he
settled in Sonoma County with his wife and three children, twins having been born to
them during their stay in Canada. Here Mr. Robinson purchased a farm of 230 acres
five miles from Petaluma, and improved it, building a dairy barn that was at that time
the finest in the county. Here he contracted tubercular trouble and, not being able
to stand the heavy fogs, he sold out and bought a 200-acre farm in Colusa County,
farming it for three years and completely recovering his health.

In 1884, Mr. Robinson removed to Garden Grove where he has since made his
home. He purchased seventy-five acres of land here and farmed it for a number of
years, but he disposed of all of it except five acres where the home stood many
years: he has a remarkably good memory and keen mind for a man of his years and
enjoys recalling the interesting events of his past life. Mrs. Robinson died on .August
23, 1920, aged almost eighty-nine. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson had nine children, eight of
whom grew to maturity: Isaac resides in Stockton and is deputy county treasurer and
tax collector: Chester .-Mlington lives at Ascot Park, Los Angeles, and has five sons,
one of whom, Capt. Ralph Redmond Robinson, was with the Marines throughout the
whole campaign in the late war. He was with the detachment of Marines that was a
part of the famous Second Division and was in action at the Argonne, St. Mihiel and
Champagne, where he saw terrific fighting. He is still serving with the Marines and
is now stationed at Port au Prince, Hayti; Forest Wellington died at the age of
thirty-three years, leaving one son, Chalmers, who is an oil man engaged in the Fullerton
field: Mina .Anna is the wife of Harvey V. Newsom, a rancher at Garden Grove, whose
sketch appears elsewhere in this work; Frank Bolton resides 'in Los Angeles: his son,
Ray Albert Robinson, who is a crack shot, became a captain in the war, training troops
at Quantico, Ya. He was aide-de-camp to General Butler and while stationed at Brest
on General Butler's staff, he lived in Napoleon's old house there. He is still in the
service at Quantico, \'a.: Addie May is the wife of Capt. Joseph Newell, who is captain
of the largest supply ship in the U. S. Navy: they reside at West Newbury, Mass.;
Richard Byron has a ranch of forty acres near Gait; Porter died at the age of four
years at Colusa; Alice Bertha, the youngest of the family, resides with her father.

-\ few years ago Mr. Robinson came near losing his life in a railway accident, and
was laid up for a year. The accident happened while he was crossing the railroad
tracks at Santa Ana, and by a curious coincidence he had just been on a jury in a case
brought to recover damages for death and injury sustained to a family who had met
with the accident at the same railway crossing in Santa .Ana. For many years Mr.
Robinson was a stanch Republican, casting his last vote on that ticket for James A.
Garfield as President, but since that time he has been a consistent Prohibitionist. He
was converted at the age of nineteen and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church at Garden Grove. Always on the side of that which made for the uplifting
and improvement of the community, Mr. Robinson has ever stood high in the esteem
and respect of a large circle of friends.

MRS. SUSAN BELT.— Of Southern lineage, but of uncompromising Union
allegiance. Mrs. Susan Belt, an Orange County pioneer and widow of James H. Belt,
is a woman possessed of great strength of character and executive force. Her husl)and,
who came t)f a fine family, was born in Johnson County, .Ark., in 1840. His grandfather,
Middleton Belt, the founder of the .American branch of the family, was a native of
England who settled in Maryland and afterwards removed to Tennessee, where he
settled and reared his family. The father of James H. Belt, Dotson Belt, was probably
born in central Tennessee, and his mother, Miss Penelope Laster before her marriage,
also was born there. The parents were planters, and James H. followed in the footsteps
of his father and became a successful cotton grower. .At the outbreak of the Civil War
his sentiments were strongly with the Union, and perceiving that he would be con-
scripted he left home, taking his best horse, started for the Union lines, and with his

292 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

handkerchief tied to the ramrod of his gun approached the picket line. He enlisted in
Company L of the Fourteenth Kansas Cavalry and served until the close of the war.
In the meantime the home folks, because of their Union sentiments, suffered terribly.

Mrs. Belt recalls some very exciting incidents that she underwent also during those
trying times. She and her seventy-five-year-old father were making garden in the
spring of 1863 when a band of bushwackers rode up and began shooting at them.
Eight shots were fired at her father and little brother, and the father was killed by the
bullets of the guerillas. Mrs. Belt's maiden name was Susan Brown, the daughter of
Reuben and Martha (Hines) Brown, the father a native of Maine and mother born
in Tennessee. Her parents settled in Missouri after their marriage and the father
became a farmer and stockman. Mrs. Belt was born in Missouri, September 10, 1844.
the youngest girl and the eighth child in order of birth in a family of ten children, and
was three years old when her parents moved to Sebastian County, Ark. She received
her education in the subscription schools of Arkansas, and July 31, 1863, was united
in marriage with Mr. Belt. It was thought that the war was about over, but her
husband had to go back to the lines and was in several battles after that. He was in
the Western army and was honorably -discharged after the close of the war. Mr. and
Mrs. Belt moved on to eighty acres of land in Sebastian County, Ark., given th.em by
Mr. Belt's father. He prospered while there, but suffering from the after effects of
the measles, which he contracted in the army, and which as a result of taking cold
settled in his eyes and on his lungs, came to California for his health during the seven-
ties, accompanied by his family. They settled at Bakersfield where they were taken
with chills and fever, and from there went into the mountains near Tehachapi and
remained a year and a half. Recovering their health they came to Los Angeles County,
and later settled in the vicinity of Santa Ana, where Mr. Belt bought twenty acres of
raw land on the river. ' Mr. and Mrs. Belt became the parents of four sons, William.
Joseph, Henry and Jasper, and four daughters, Emma, Cora, Bertha and Maude; of the
eight children, five are living. She has one granddaughter. Fay L. Sutton.

Mrs. Belt is an interesting conversationalist; her reminiscences of early days, with
their halo of romance and adventure, is an ever interesting topic of conversation. She
has a large circle of friends by whom she is highly esteemed, and her comfortable home
is noted for its good cheer and hospitality. In her political sentiments she is a stanch
Republican, and a member of the Woman's Relief Corps, while Mr. Belt was a member
of the Grand Army of the Republic.

CHARLES LORENZ.— In the early period of Anaheim's history, Charles Lorenz,
now deceased, located in this now up-to-date city of Orange County, his advent being
on October 22, 1859, soon after the town site was first laid out. He was born in 1814,
in Crossen, Germany, but removed to Berlin while quite young. He learned the trade
of a machinist, and so thoroughly did he master the intricacies of that line of work
that he became an expert, and to him belongs the honor of having constructed the first
locomotive in that section of Germany.

In 1845 Mr. Lorenz was united in marriage with Louisa Schidler, the ceremony
being solemnized in Berlin. During tKe year 1850 he left Germany, intending to come
to California, but after being on the sailing vessel about six months decided to land in
South America, where he spent two and a half years in Valparaiso, Chile, and five and
a half years in Concepcion. While there they learned to speak Spanish and this helped
them after coming to California. His youngest daughter, now Mrs. Louisa E. Boege.
was born in Valparaiso in 1852: the eldest daughter, Mrs. Elmina C. Dorr, was born in
Berlin, Germany, in 1848. During the early part of 1859, Mr. Lorenz, accompanied by
his wife and two daughters, sailed from Chile for California, landing at San Francisco,
where they remained but a few months and. later stopped a short time at San Luis
Obispo. In October of the same year he arrived in Anaheim, coming from San Pedro
with a twelve-mule team, and he soon opened the first blacksmith shop in the new
town. In March, 1860, he purchased twenty acres on South Lemon Street, where he
planted a vineyard and made and sold wine. He helped organize the German Meth-
odist Church and was an Odd Fellow. Later on Mr. Lorenz sold all but one acre of
his land, and here his two daughters now reside. He lived to the advanced age of
eighty-five, his death occurring in 1902, his wife having passed away in 1885.

His daughters. Mrs. Louis Dorr and Mrs. Henry A. Boege, are among the pioneer
citizens of Anaheim, having come here over sixty years ago. At that time the country
between Anaheim and San Juan Capistrano was a wilderness, as was the territorj
between here and Los Angeles.

LOUIS DORR, a native of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany, married Elmina
Charlotte, the eldest daughter of Charles Lorenz. He left his native country when a

HISTORY OF ORANGE COL'XTY 295

young man to reside in England and afterwards went to Australia. In 1862 he arrived
in Anaheim, where he was engaged as a bookkeeper; he also owned a vineyard and
made wine. Mr. and Mrs. Dorr were the parents of seven children, five of whom are
living: Louis, the oldest member of the family, is a forest ranger and resides near
Palmdale; Charles is a miner at Tonopah, Nev.; Agnes and Dorothy are living at Los
Angeles, where they conduct a cafeteria: and Arthur is a mining man and is in Mexico.

Mr. Dorr passed away in 1895. Mrs. Dorr lived in San Francisco and in Los
Angeles for about fifteen years, then came back to Anaheim and has lived here ever
since and has been a witness of the wonderful growth and development of the county.

HENRY A. BOEGE was united in marriage in 1871 with Louisa Emilie Lorenz,
the youngest daughter of Charles Lorenz, the ceremony being performed at the
Lutheran Church, Anaheim. He was a native of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and
came to Anaheim when nineteen years of age. He opened a butcher shop and also did
teaming and freighting. At one time he owned a vineyard west of Anaheim. Later on
he superintended the ranch of his father-in-law and at one time was engaged in street
work for the city of Anaheim. His death occurred in 1893. He was a member of
the Odd Fellows Lodge.

JOSEPH P. desGRANGES. — Numbered among the oldest settlers of what is now
Orange County and one of the few remaining pioneers of Fullerton, who has become
a leader in horticultural circles and is regarded as an authority on the early history
of Orange 'County, is Joseph P. des Granges, the rancher of East Chapman Avenue,
Fullerton, whose philanthropic sympathies and patriotic sentiments have made him
popular among all know him. He was born at St. Louis, Mo., on June 8, 18S8, and
with a brother came to Anaheim on May 1, 1873. Los Angeles was very primitive at
that time, the United States Hotel being one of the very few brick buildings in the city.

The des Granges family are of old French-Huguenot stock. Early members of the
family who. as the name indicates, were landowners of France, were obliged to Ree for
their lives from their native land at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
They first found refuge in Switzerland, but later settled in Prussia, where the family
thrived in their new surroundings. Otto des Granges, the father of our subject, was
a university man and a civil engineer by profession. Locating at St. Louis, Mo., he
became extensively interested in manufacturing, establishing an iron manufacturing
plant. His wife was in maidenhood Miss Josephine HarfT.

As early as 1871 Otto des Granges came to San Francisco, soon afterwards coming
down to what is now Fullerton, then in Los Angeles County. Here he purchased eighty
acres of raw land, and with the help of his son improved it and brought it to a high
state of cultivation, and here the parents resided until their demise, the father at the
age of ninety, the mother surviving until 1914, when she passed away at the age of
eighty-six. Of their family of four children, Joseph was the third in order of birth, and
he was fortunate in receiving a good schooling during the residence of the family in
St. Louis, Mo., before their migration to California.

Joseph was only fourteen years of age when he began to assist his father in the
development of their California ranch, and very naturally he learned a good deal for a
boy of his age. The land was in its primitive state, covered with sunflowers and
mustard of an unusual height, and they truly found here in the West a wild, open
country, with plenty of elbow room. They raised barley and other grains, and later
established a system of irrigation. That the best obtainable in irrigating facilities were
eventually theirs may be inferred when it is known that Joseph des Granges was
instrumental in having .\naheim equipped with the modern electric light system when
Los .\ngeles was the only other city in this locality so favored. The first light plant
which he constructed was a great success, and this was followed by others. Mr. des
Granges also built and established a grist mill at Anaheim, in fact, he conducted a feed
mill and store there for about ten years, and thus early played an important part in- the
mercantile world.

Having continued his ranching ventures, Mr. des Granges owns at present twenty
acres of the original tract, set out to Valencia oranges and walnuts, and he markets
his oranges through the Placentia Orange Growers Association. This year he also
picked some four and a half tons of the finest Japanese persimmons in the county
from young trees just coming into bearing. He exhibited them at the University of
California P'ruit Exhibition and received the second prize.

On March 23. 1904. Mr. des Granges was married to Miss Genevra Estabrooks,
the daughter of George Melvin and Eliza B. (Paige) Estabrooks, born in New Bruns-
wick and Maine, respectively. The father was an expert millwright in the construction
of water-power mills, and he removed to Stillwater, Minn., where he followed his trade;
both he and his wife passed away there. Of their three children, Mrs. des Granges

296 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

■vvas the youngest; after her graduation from the Stillwater high school she engaged in
teaching in the public schools, as well as teaching music. In 1900 she came to FuUerton,
where she has since made her home. A cultured and refined woman, she presides grace-
fully over her husband's home, where they entertain their many friends and dispense
a true, old-time California hospitality. One child has blessed this union, Josephine,
who attends the Fullerton high school. By a former marriage. Mr. des Granges has a
son, Harry E., who has a battery and ignition works at Los Gatos.

Mr. des Granges has seen many changes since coming to this region in 1873. In
fact the most optimistic resident of those days could not have conceived the wonderful
transformation that has taken place, with the increase in land values from fifteen and
twenty dollars an acre to $5,000 to $6,000. It is to men like Mr. des Granges, who
were not afraid to venture and work, that Orange County owes much of its present
development and greatness, so in this section he is indeed a pioneer of pioneers.

CHARLES O. RUST. — A "captain of industry" who contributed something
definite and important to the development of the commercial interests of Southern
California, is the late Charles O. Rust, who was vice-president of the Wickersheim Im-
plement Company of Fullerton, who resided on his ranch at 619 North Palm Street,
Anaheim. He was born at Crescent City, then in Mendocino, now in Del Norte County,
Cal., on November 26, 1858, the son of Carl F. Rust, who had married Miss Sophia
Horn, like himself a native of Germany. His father came to California in pioneer days
and located in that part of Mendocino County, where he busied himself transporting on
the backs of burros those supplies so much needed by miners, and which had to be
brought from Crescent City. Later he was in the general merchandise business in
that town, and only in 1861 succeeded in getting south to locate in Anaheim. He was
one of the original colonists and purchased forty acres of land on North Palm Street,
where he had a vineyard set out and as soon as they began bearing he located on his
ranch in 1861, and began the making of wine from his vineyard, but he was not allowed
to long enjoy the fruits of his labors for in 1868 he passed to his eternal reward. He
was a tanner by trade, and had the repute of having established the first tannery in
Los Angeles, now Orange County, setting it up on his home ranch. He bought the
hides from the Spanish, had ten vats sunk into the ground, and from the neighboring
mountains brought the oak bark for tanning. Two children were born to this worthy
couple — one being Chas. O.. our subject, and the other a daughter, now Mrs. A. S.
Browning, of Los Angeles, who was born on the old ranch at Anaheim.

Educated in the schools at Anaheim, the first teacher Charles had was Professor
Kuelp, although afterward he went to a school in Anaheim taught by the late J. M.
Guinn, the historian. He finished his studies in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and
in 1878 returned to the ranch at Anaheim. During his forty years' residence there he
made much of the best wine and brandy for which Orange County was noted. After
the grape disease killed the vines he set the ranch out to oranges and walnuts. The
greater part of the twenty acres is now in full-bearing Valencia oranges and walnuts,
all of which trees were planted by him. The mammoth sycamore trees on the place,
however, were set out by his father, and are today a beautiful memorial of the old
pioneer. Mr. Rust owned other valuable real estate in the county, including a fine
orange grove of twenty acres one mile west of Fullerton and he also owned valuable
property in Los Angeles. He helped to organize the Anaheim Citrus Fruit Associa-
tion, and served on its board of directors. He was also a director in the Orange
Growers Exchange of Orange County and as stated above was vice-president of the
Wickersheim Implement Company.

When Mr. Rust married, he chose for his wife. Miss Kate Snedaker, a native of
Iowa, born near Guthrie Center. Her father was Samuel Blair Snedaker, who was born
near Great Bend, Pa., in 1811, descended from old Knickerbocker stock, the ancestors
having immigrated from Holland to New York in 1632, locating in what is now Flat-
bush, Brooklyn. Some of the ancestors on the Snedaker side were in the Colonial and
Revolutionary wars, while Samuel B. Snedaker's mother was a native of England. He
was reared on farms at Clyde and Lyons, N. Y. After his first wife died he removed
to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he became captain of a packet boat running on the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. In Xew Orleans he was married a second time,
being united with Miss Ann Keary. who was born in the north of Ireland. He pros-
pered and became a man of large affairs; among other property he owned a tobacco
plantation. Selling this and his other interests before the Civil War he moved to Iowa
and became a pioneer farmer at Guthrie Center. Desirous to migrate still further west,
in 1862. he brought his family across the plains in a train of seven wagons. In spite of
the Indian troubles they reached California safely and he was for a time engaged in the
hotel business at San Andreas. Calaveras County. In 1865 his wife died, leaving four
children. He finally located in San Francisco, where he was engaged in the furniture

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 301

business until lie retired, coining to Anaheim in 1881, where he spent his last days in
tne home of his daughter, Mrs. Rust, passing away in 1897. Mrs. Rust was the young-
est child and received her education in San Francisco. .After graduating from the
Rincon school she was engaged in teaching in Calaveras County for two years, until
1881, when she came to Anaheim with her father and sister and here she met and
married Mr. Rust. Their union was blessed with two children. Percy was educated
at Belmont Military Academy and is married to Ruth J. Hauser; they have two
children, Ruth Jacquelin and Chas. Warren. Elsa is a graduate of Marlborough School,
Los Angeles, and Columbia University, New York, receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Science degree from the latter institution.

The family are members of the Episcopal Church. For twenty years Mr. Rust
was a trustee of the town of Anaheim, and for most of the time served as mayor, or
chairman of the board and during his service marked the beginning of public improve-
ment in .Anaheim, which has resulted in making it the beautiful and modern city it is
today. He also served for many years on the school board: was a director of the
Anaheim Union Water Company; a member of the Board of Trade of Anaheim, and
also of the Mother Colony Club. He was a charter member of .\naheim Lodge No.
1345, B. P. O. Elks. Politically he was a stanch Repuljlican. He passed away in Oak-
land, where he and Mrs. Rust had gone for the cool climate of summer, on October 7.
1920, mourned by his family and friends. In his death Orange County and Anaheim
lost one of its best citizens and upbuilders. Since his death Mrs. Rust resides at the
old home and aided by her children looks after the affairs left by her husband.

JOSEPH P. MOODY.— The ranch and residence of Joseph P. Moody are situated
one mile west and north of Cypress, in Orange County, Cal. Mr. Moody is one of the
well-known and highly respected stock and poultry men in his section, and has been
engaged in the poultry business since 1914. His thirty-one acre ranch is well tilled and
highly productive, and his poultry stock consists of about 700 single-comb White
Leghorns of the best laying strain. His poultry house. 118.\20 feet, has a cement
t^oor and is up to date in every way; he pumps his water and grinds his feed by
electricity. Twenty-three acres of his ranch are in alfalfa and a good family orchard.
He has resided in Orange County and on his present ranch since 1896. and has been an
active and progressive rancher from the first, buying his land when it was in almost a
wholly unimproved state and bringing it up to its present state of productiveness.

Mr. Moody was born in Carthage, Ohio, November 20, 1848, and is the son ol
Henry and Nancy Moody, natives of Kentucky and Ohio, respectively. The father
crossed the plains with others in the memorable year of '49, making the journey over-
land without serious mishap in about five months. In 1850 he returned to his family in
Ohio, and in 1852 made his second trip to California, this time by water via the Isthmus,
and accompanied by his wife and two children. When within one day of landing at
San Francisco his wife died and was buried at sea, June 5, 1852. He again engaged
in the occupation of mining, as he had done upon his previous visit to the state, and
continued the occupation several years. In course of time he married Mrs. Murphy,
by whom he had two children; Stephen H. and Mary, who is now Mrs. Brewster. He
died in 1894.

Joseph P. Moody was three and a half years old when his mother died at sea, and
he was reared by Mrs. Catherine Alderman of Grass Valley, Nevada County. Cal., a
most worthy woman. Because of surrounding conditions Joseph's early education was
somewhat neglected, nevertheless he acquired a practical training for business purposes,
and is a self-made man both from a business and educational standpoint. While his
younger life was spent in agricultural pursuits he did little manual labor, always taking
up some pursuit in which he had the oversight and direction of/ others. He engaged
extensively in the sheep-raising industry, having as many as 2,500 sheep in one flock,
and in ranching near Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County.

His marriage in Elmira, N. Y., in 1872, united his destiny with that of Miss Martha
McClary of that city, and of their union ten children were born, namely: Charles E..
William H.. Lottie J.. Mary E., Arthur J., Joseph E., Grace J., Earl J., Harriet N. and
Clara M. Joseph E. is a minister in the Christian Church, and has been a successful
missionary in India for five years. Mrs. Moody died, aged forty-four in September, 1892,
and Mr. Moody again entered the state of matrimony in August 30, 1893, being united
with Miss Elizabeth Alderman. A daughter, Catherine G. by name, was born of this
union. Mrs. Moody is a native of Grass Valley, Cal. She was born on May 23, 1852,
and is the daughter of Samuel and Catherine Alderman, early California pioneers who
came to the state about the time that Mr. Moody came, and ran a dairy ranch in
Nevada County. Of the nine children in the Alderman paternal home, seven are
living. In their church associations Mr. Moody and his family are members of the
Christian Church.
15

302 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

RICHARD W. JONES.— Closely connected with the commercial, political, horti-
cultural and humanitarian undertakings of Orange County for the past thirty-six years,
Richard W. Jones is one of the "old-timers" who has seen the wonderful transformation
of Southern California from a sparsely settled section to a district that is not equalled
by any in the entire state. A native of Wales, he was born at Carnavonshire, on October
30, 1854, the son of John and Mary Jones, both natives of that country and where the
last days of their lives were spent. Orphaned early in life, his mother dying when he
was but one year old and his father four years later, the lad was reared by his grand-
parents until he was eleven, when he was thrown upon his own resources. He worked
upon farms in his native land until he was seventeen years of age, when he went to
Liverpool, and then, in 1878, decided to try his fortune in America. Arriving here he
went to Columbia County, Wis., and there followed farming for six years, coming to
California and to what is now Orange County in 1884. One year later he became a
foreman on the David Hewes ranch at El Modena and after he had demonstrated his
ability to look after such a large property and bring it to a high state of development,
he was made manager, remaining on the place for twenty years and having a great
deal to do with its early improvement and development as the years passed. He had the
entire confidence of Mr. Hewes, who approved his methods of planting, harvesting and
marketing the products of the great ranch. This ranch was once a sheep range of 800
acres, which Mr. Hewes bought in 1880 for from $20 to $30 per acre, and then set
about to make it one of the beauty spots of the state by spending thousands of dollars
on Hewes Park and in carrying on the most up-to-date methods of ranching. It is
conceded by those who know that Mr. Jones was the genius who perfected the plans
and superintended the work and gave the impetus to its popularity.

While employed by Mr. Hewes, Mr. Jones had bought a ranch of thirty acres in
El Modena precinct and begun its development; this land he added to until he now owns
forty-six acres, thirty of which is fully improved and brings in handsome returns. On
his ranch he erected an attractive house, the green foliage of the foothills forming a
picturesque background for its white exterior, making a beautiful setting for the
residence. The land lies in a sheltered cove, in what is known as the "frostless belt,"
making it one of the best locations for a citrus grove in this section of the county.
Here, with the aid of his son, Marion E., he is carrying on horticultural pursuits that
bring in handsome yearly returns and enables him to enjoy life to its full.

On June 20, 1895, at McPherson, R. W. Jones was united in marriage with Miss
Clara J. McPherson, a member of a Scotch family tracing their lineage in America
back to the sixteenth century. Her father, William Gregg McPherson, migrated from
Illinois to California in 1859, crossing the plains. with ox teams, and after his arrival
he engaged in mining near Downieville, meeting with more than ordinary success. He
then returned to Chicago and married his first wife. Miss Harriet Crowell, and four
children were born of that union: Edwin H., William Gregg, Clara J., Mrs. Jones, and
Frederick; Mrs. Jones now being the only survivor.

Returning to California Mr. McPherson lived at San Jose, and there his daughter
was born, and while there he found the most profitable employment he could lind was
teaching school. From San Jose he moved to Westminster in 1871, in order that his
growing family might have the advantages of school and church in the new Presby-
terian colony. In 1873 he bought forty acres at McPherson, named in honor of the
colony of McPherson relatives, of whom there were over fifty at one time, and while
he was developing his property he employed his talents as a teacher and thus endeared
himself to many of the young men and women of the locality who received instruction
from him. During his residence at McPherson he was the magnet that drew many
emigrants from the East to California, and not a few settled here in Orange County.
He was a inan of much public spirit, desirous of doing good in order that good might
be accomplished. He passed to his reward in 1908, deeply mourned by all who had
known him. Mrs. Jones' mother died in 1876.

A native daughter of the Golden State, Mrs. Jones is deeply interested in all move-
njents for its upbuilding, is a woman of unusual attainments, and has been a true help-
mate to her husband in the highest sense. She is one of the foremost women of the
county, has given freely of her time and talents to uplift work and humanitarian move-
ments, and her influence and kindly deeds have been known far beyond the confines of
her home environment. She was a leader in club circles, and in church and charitable
enterprises is known throughout Orange County, and in fact the entire state of
California. She is president of Orange County Sunday School Association, and one of
the officers of the Los Angeles Presbyterial, and has been a delegate to the national
conventions.

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 305

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been active in the many cooperative enterprises that have
had such a direct bearing on the rapid growth of this district, and have ever lent a
helping hand to every project designed to assist and enhance the public welfare. They
became the parents of two children, only one of whom, Marion, E., reached maturity.
He is married to Elva May, and they reside upon the home ranch and assist in its
management. For thirteen years Mr. Jones served as a trustee of the Orange Union
High School; for twelve years he was a director in the John T. Carpenter Water
Company; and he is a director in the Orange County Mutual Insurance Company, the
National Bank of Orange, the McPherson Heights Citrus Association and the Orange
County Fruit Exchange. In political matters he is a Republican and believes in pro-
gressive movements for the salvation of the country, for ours is an age of advancement
along every line of endeavor.

WILLIAM M. McFADDEN.— The name of William M. McFadden is worthy of
enrollment among the very early settlers of Orange County who foresaw its great
possibilities and put their shoulder to the wheel to develop the opportunities by which
they were surrounded. A pioneer of California who came hither by way of Panama,
and for twenty years an educator in its schools, he was one of that sturdy band of men
who pushed westward to aid in the development of our wonderful state and at the
same time to find greater opportunities for themselves than were to be had in the
more populous East; and in enduring the privations to be found in a newer civilization,
and each doing his bit to build up whatever portion of the state they cast their lot with,
these men have builded even better than they knew, and California today stands ready
with all praise for their unselfish strivings.

William M. McFadden was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., on February 19, 1842. and
was a graduate of the West Pittsburgh high school and the Curry Normal Institute,
as well as the Beaver Academy, at Beaver, Pa., and later, the commercial department
of Wellborn College at Louisville. Ky. During much of this time, he paid his own
tuition, with money which he had earned through teaching school, and this circum-
stance alone affords a key to at least one side, and a very important one at that, of
his mental and moral make-up as a prospective pioneer and pathmaker.

In 1863, the young school teacher came to California, and for four and a half
years he taught in the Alameda County district schools. Then, in 1868, he came to
Southern California, and continued teaching in Los .\ngeles County, living for eleven
years at what was then called North Anaheim, now Placentia, while he kept school at
what was known as Upper Santa Ana. During a portion of that time he served as
superintendent of schools of Los Angeles County, where he was also a member of the
Roard of education for two years, the second year serving as president of the board;
and later he was president of the high school board of Fullerton, and superintendent
of construction of the first high school building in the county, erected in Fullerton.

In January, 1869. Mr. McFadden became interested in horticulture, and purchased
ninety-two acres from the Stearns Rancho Company, which he set out to oranges and
walnuts; later, as the trees began to bear, shipping yearly about twenty-three carloads
of oranges and two carloads of walnuts. He was one of the first to raise oranges and
walnuts here after the development of water, and was rather naturally one of the origi-
nators of the Fullerton Walnut Growers Association, which in turn levied upon him
for its president for years. He was the second man to grow oranges in the Placentia
district, and one of five shippers who organized the Southern California Orange Ex-
change. When he started his orange culture in the Placentia district, Mr. McFadden
secured oranges from Mexico, and the seeds of these were planted in seed beds and
watered from well water; the plants were then budded to Australian Navels and later
to Washington Navels.

Among other important development projects, Mr. McFadden was one of the
original promoters of the Anaheim LInion Water Company, the other man associated
with him being R. H. Gilnian, J. W. Shanklin, Wm. Crowthers, J. B. Pierce, P. Hansen,
and Henry Hetebrink. The building of this ditch was an important event in Mr. Mc-
Fadden's life-work, and has been a decided factor in the further development of the
county, for these pioneer irrigation projects laid the foundation for the present intensive
cultivation everywhere to be seen throughout the county. In this company Mr. Mc-
Fadden served as president, and was also for years a director; and he was one of the
organizers, secretary and director of the Cajon Irrigation Company, later merged into
the .\naheim Union Water Company. He was intensely interested in every project that
had for its aim the development of the county; and as an enthusiastic advocate of
popular education, he built with his own money the first school house at Placentia, in
what was then called the El Cajon district, and served on the school board for years.

Mr. McFadden was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Kansas
City when Bryan was nominated, and he was also a member of the notification com-

306 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUiXTY

mittee — a reasonabJe honor, considering that he was one of the prime movers in organ-
izing Orange County, as he became among its most philanthropic citizens.

At Alameda, in 1866, Mr. McFadden was married to Miss Sarah Jane Earl, who
had come to California via Panama when she was eighteen, and had already taught
school for two years. She had eight children, all but one of whom were born in the
Placentia district in Los Angeles County. Those still living are Carrie E., now Mrs.
Herbert A. Ford, Clarence, Thomas, Ralph and Robert. Will E. died in 1912, aged
thirty-nine, leaving a wife and a daughter. The others, a boy and a girl, died in 1875.
This relation of the birth of the children to Placentia district is of more interest when
it is recalled that it was Mrs. McFadden who gave it the name of Placentia, in which
district she came to be a charter member of the Placentia Round Table, the woman's
club. This organization erected the first woman's club house in all Orange County.
She was very active in all forward movements, and participated eagerly in whatever
contributed to the upbuilding of society as well as the building up of the nearby places;
and she lived to witness much of the wonderful development of Southern California.
She died on August 18, 1908, at Fullerton, six years after Mr. McFadden, on July 21 and
in the same town, had passed away, honored in particular by the Masons, whose
ancient fraternity he had joined as a member of the San Francisco lodge, later demitting
to .Anaheim Lodge; he instituted and was the first master of Fullerton Lodge. He
was also a member of the Chapter and Commandery in Santa Ana. Mrs. McFadden
was the first matron of the Eastern Star Chapter at Fullerton.

MRS. MARIE EUGENIA DAGUERRE.— The beautiful family life of France
perhaps find its fullest expression in that picturesque mountain district, known as the
Basses-Pyrenees, and in this wonderful, healthful climate the children are reared with
exceptional care, and especially is the highest standard of morals established, and thus
the honor of the family altar is kept sacred. Here in this corner of Sunny France, not
far from the border of Spain, was the birthplace of Mrs. Marie Eugenia Daguerre, the
owner of a third interest in the great Moulton ranch at El Toro. Born at St. Pierre
de Yrube, near the famous old fortified city of Bayonne, Mrs. Daguerre before her
marriage was Maria Eugenia Duguet, her parents being Baptista and Elizabeth (Uris-
buru) Duguet, who were farmers for many years in that part of France. The fourth
of a family of six children, Mrs. Daguerre is the only one living and the only one to
come to America. She was educated in the convent at St. Pierre de Yrube, and in 1874
sailed from Havre with the Amestoy family, landing at New York. They continued on
to San Francisco and then to San Pedro by boat, reaching Los Angeles, June 24, 1874,
nnd located on a large ranch at Rosecranz, now Gardena. Here Mrs. Daguerre con-
tinued to make her home with the Amestoys until her marriage, at the Amestoy resi-
dence, to Jean Pierre Daguerre on October 7, 1886.

Mr. Daguerre was also a native of Basses-Pyrenees, Hasparren having been his
birthplace, and he came over on the same boat as Mrs. Daguerre, being eighteen years
of age at the time. Here he was employed with the Amestoys in the care of their
stock, so became thoroughly experienced in this work, continuing with them for eight
years, when he resigned to begin stock raising on his own account. Making his way
to San Juan Capistrano he formed a partnership with Don Marco Forster as sheep
growers. After his marriage Mr. Daguerre and his wife went to El Toro, where he
continued actively in the sheep business for several years. After dissolving partnership
with Don Marco Forster, Mr. Daguerre formed a partnership with Mr. Lewis F.
Moulton on his extensive ranch of 22,000 acres, the business being conducted under the
name of Lewis F. Moulton and Company. The partners met with phenomenal success,
and after the death of Mr. Daguerre on May 5, 1911, Mrs. Daguerre, who had been a
true helpmate in sharing the business responsibilities of her husband, continued in the
partnership, and still owns a third interest 'in the ranch. The Moulton ranch is one
of the largest and most profitable in Southern California, and upwards of fifteen tenants
are engaged in raising beans, grain and hay on its extensive acreage. In addition the
Moulton Company is engaged in raising beef cattle on an immense scale, their herd of
high-grade Durhams being one of the finest in the county.

Mr. and Mrs. Daguerre were blessed with six children, the two younger of whom
passed away in infancy. Domingo Joseph, who after the death of his father assisted
Mr. Moulton and took an active part in the affairs of the company, was a well liked
and popular young man displaying splendid traits of character and much ability, when
his promising career was cut short by influenza, January 11, 1919, at the age of thirty-
one; the three daughters are Juanita, Grace and Josephine.

Mrs. Daguerre resides in her comfortable residence on the Moulton ranch with
her three loving daughters, who shower on her their affectionate care and devotion, and
assist her in the management of the large interests left by her husband, thus doing all
they can to shield her from unnecessary worry and care. While far from her native

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 311

land. Mrs. Daguerre has never had cause to regret her choice in estaljlishing a home in
this beautiful Southland, whose resources rival that of any other country. The family
take an active part in civic matters and are strong protectionists and Republicans.
They are liberal and enterprising and give their aid to all matters that have for their
aim the upbuilding of the county and the enhancing of the comfort and happiness of
its citizens.

MRS. WYRAM L. KNOWLTON.— More than one romantic chapter in the his-
tory of California is recalled by the records of Mrs. Wyram L. Knowlton and her
interesting family. She was born in Yorba, Los Angeles County, in 1859, the daughter
of Ramon H. and Concepcion (Bustamente) Aguilar, and was named Nicanora. Her
father was a native of Spain, born in 1801, and the son of Jose M. and Dolores (Villa-
viciencio) Aguilar, w-ho left his native land when Ramon was a baby and settled on a
grant of land in Lower California. The father of Jose M. was tailor to the King of
Spain and he was given a large grant of land in Lower California for his fidelity, and
this was in turn handed down to his children at his death, Jose M. being given the
Guadalupe grant as his portion. The ancestors of the family were among those who
assisted the padres in founding the early missions and they later returned to Spain, but.
eventually settled in Lower California, from which place members of the family mi-
grated to California and helped to lay the foundation for our present commonwealth.
Jose M. Aguilar was a man of wealth, as it was counted in those days, and he spent
liberally of his means to uplift the native Indians, an ambition that was always upper-
most in his soul. He died when Ramon H. was a small child.

Ramon Aguilar lived in Lower California until 1827, when he migrated to Cali-
fornia and here he was married to a native daughter of the West, and by her had fifteen
children, all born in California, and nine of them grew to years of maturity. Those
still living are Mrs. Nicanora Knowlton, Mrs. T. A. Darling, Mrs. Edward Crowe,
R. F. Aguilar and Mrs. Herman Fesenfeldt.

Nicanora Aguilar was united in marriage in 1896, in Orange County, with Wyram
L. Knowlton, a native of Wisconsin, born at Castle Rock on December 4, 1853. He was
educated in Wisconsin and lived in Iowa for some years and migrated to California in
1889. He became the owner of considerable land in Orange County, which he .sold off
from time to time, having improved it in the modern manner of the period, only retain-
ing ten acres, the home place of the widow today. This couple had one daughter,
Laura, a graduate of the Anaheim high school and now the wife of Paul V. Domen-
guez. Mrs. Knowlton busies herself with the care and improvement of the ten acres
she owns, assisted in the operation of the place by her daughter. Mr. Knowlton was a
member of the Fraternal Brotherhood and was a liberal supporter of all movements
for the upbuilding of his adopted county, and was held in high esteem by all who had
the pleasure of knowing him. His widow and daughter are equally liberal and have a
wide circle of friends.

WYLLYS W. PERKINS.— An able, efficient man of business, who was never
known to be afraid of hard work, is Wyllys W. Perkins, the retired rancher, residing at
806 Spurgeon Avenue. Santa Ana. whose financial success began the day when he
formed a partnership with his brother, Charles H. Perkins, formerly a wholesaler in
New York state. He was born in Oconomowoc, Waukesha County. Wis., on May 23,
1860, the son of Charles H. Perkins, a native of Windsor, Conn., where he married Miss
Elizabeth Hinsdale. They came out to Wisconsin in the early forties, and while Mr.
Perkins farmed, he and his good wife also kept a general merchandise store at
Oconomowoc. Wyllys is the youngest of seven children in the family, and when five
years old was brought by his parents to the vicinity of Grand Rapids, Kent County,
Mich., where his folks went in for farming and the raising of fruit. He attended the
common schools of Kent County, and under the wholesome conditions even then
prevalent in Michigan, received an excellent preparation for the battle of life.

When fifteen years of age, Mr. Perkins left Michigan to join an older brother.
Clarence, at Burlington, Kan., and for two years he was with him on a stock farm at
Strawn. He worked on the ranch during the summers, and in winter time went to
school nearby. After two years of outdoor life, however, he returned to his home in
Michigan and entered the Commercial College at Grand Rapids, where he took a two
years' business course. On coming west again to Kansas, he went to work for a short
time for the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad Company, when he again shifted, this
time to La Junta. Colo., at which place he was given a responsible post with the
.\tchinson, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. He had charge of coal bins until he found it
possible to make still another move — to California — when he fired a locomotive at
Eureka, in Humboldt County, on the Boner & Jones logging railroad.

312 HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY

At the end of a year he went to San Luis Obispo and was with the narrow-gauge
San Luis Obispo and Port Harford Railway, where he fired for six or eight months; and
then he went to Mojave and secured a position with the P. L Railway, now a part of
the Santa Fe system. He was next promoted to be an engineer on a switch engine in
the Southern Pacific yards in Los Angeles, and switched for that company for eight
months. Later he became a locomotive engineer for the Los Angeles & Pacific Rail-
way, and for a couple of years ran a passenger train from Los Angeles to Santa Monica.
.\fter that he went to the Santa Fe Railroad and for seven years ran both passenger and
freight engines, mostly between Winslow and Williams, in Arizona, but also as far as
-Albuquerque, N. M.

During this time, at Grand Rapids, in 1884, Mr. Perkins was married to Miss Clara
Lee of that city, and for a while he made his home at Winslow, although he started
housekeeping at Mojave. He first became fireman at the roundhouse, and ran a
general merchandise store in connection with his railroad work at Mojave. He fol-
lowed railroading until 1894, when the great A. R. U. strike occurred, and he was
discharged for refusing to run the engine of a striker.

He then came to Orange County and spent six or seven months looking around, so
•that he made no mistake when he finally settled at El Modena, where in 189S he
purchased ten acres of unimproved land. His brother, Charles H. Perkins, now eighty
years old, and residing at 911 Spurgeon Avenue. Santa Ana, was then extensively
engaged as a dealer in wholesale fruits in New York, and bought California fruit and
hone}'; and while visiting California on business he came to El Modena to see his
brother and the ten-acre ranch, and there proposed a partnership to be known as the
Perkins Bros. They bought more land, and soon had 160 well-improved acres, in the
El Modena precinct. They also acquired a ranch at McFarland, in Kern County; but
they traded it for more land in Orange County.

For several years, also, Mr. Perkins was in the seed and nursery business, growing
rose bushes on a commercial scale; and later Perkins Bros, specialized first in flower
seeds, and then exclusively in rose bushes- They produced and shipped as high as
five or six car loads a year, and this enterprise proved decidedly profitable. In 1917
the firm dissolved, and since then Mr. Perkins has sold so much of what he once had
that he Jias left only two ranches, both in the El Modena district, the one of thirty-one.
the other of ten acres, and has retired to live in Santa Ana. Mr. Perkins helped
organize, and is still a stockholder in the Villa Park Orchards Association.

Eight children blessed the union of Mr. Perkins and his wife. Elizabeth, the
eldest, lives at home; Frank died in Arizona when he was five years old; Winnifred
and Wyllys, W. Jr.. are twins — Winifred is the wife of W'illiam Thomas, a mechanical
engineer, residing at Los Angeles, and Wyllys is married and lives, as a rancher and an
orange-grower, at McPherson. Dixie, a trained nurse with an enviable record for
service in France during the late war, keeps house for her father. Arthur and Archie
are also twins; the former is in the Agricultural College at Corvallis, Ore., and Archie
attends the high school at Santa Ana. And Clara is in the grammar school of the
same city. Mrs. Perkins died March 19, 1906, and he married a second wife, Miss
Fannie Parker, of Grinnell, Iowa, who also died — on December 10, 1919.

Mr. and Mrs. Perkins were active in building up the Community Church established
at Villa Park under the auspices of the Congregational denomination, and since his
removal to Santa Ana, he and his household have supported and attended the Congre-
gational Church at Santa Ana. He is prominent in the Orange Lodge of Odd Fellows,
where he is a past grand, and with a frank, sincere, winning disposition, is influential
in many ways, and often in times of emergency, for good among his fellow-men.

ROBERT HENRY ENGLISH.— .\ native of Ireland, the years of whose young
manhood were spent in Canada, but whose residence in the United States covered a
period of more than forty-five years, is Robert Henry English, one of Orange County's
stanch pioneer citizens, who had a large part in the early development of this locality,
coming here, as he did, when the country was practically a wilderness. He was born
in County Carlow, Ireland, about twenty miles from Dublin, in 1850. the son of
Thomas and Esther (Agar) English. The father, who was a farmer, was born in the
same count}', but was of English ancestry, the mother also being a native of Ireland.
In 1860 the family came to Canada, settling near Woodstock, Ontario, and there Thomas
English engaged in farming.

Robert H. English grew up on his father's farm, learning to help with the farm
work while he attended the public schools of the vicinity. When he reached the age
of sixteen he entered the employ of the firm of Oswald & Patterson, machinists and
foundrymen, at Woodstock. Being apt at mechanics he soon became an efficient
machinist and foundryman, and also learned to be a capable steam engineer, running

HISTORY OF ORAXGE COUNTY 313

the stationary engine in the plant of Oswald & Patterson the last year or two he was in
their employ. He remained a trusted employee of this firm for nearly eight years.
during which time he was united in marriage with Miss Matilda Meadows.

In 1873 Mr. English moved with his family to Platte County. Nebr., and was there
during the terrible "grasshopper years" of 1873-4-5, when these pests were so numerous
that they actually darkened the sun. Mr. English's crops were entirely eaten up and
it was then that his knowledge of machinery stood him to good advantage. He
purchased a steam thresher and began operating it, and was thus able to earn a living,
even in the face of the severe financial loss the failure of his crops had caused. He
was determined to seek a better country, however, so with his family he came to
California, reaching Los Angeles February 23, 1875. They soon came down to what
is now Orange County and Mr. English purchased land and began at once to make
improvements. Always with a decided penchant for doing things on a big scale, he
continued to buy land and at one time owned five different ranches, aggregating 388
acres. For several years he farmed 2,500 acres of land on the Bolsa Chico and the
mesa at Huntington Beach to barley. On much of the land purchased by Mr. English
reclamation work was necessary, and he spent much time and labor in bringing his
holdings up to a high state of cultivation.

While Mr. English's interests were largely in the field of agriculture, he also
engaged in other lines of work that have contributed to the development of the material
progress of Orange County. In 1886 he engaged with Grant Brothers as a sub-
contractor and helped on the grading of the Santa Fe Railway as far south as the San
Joaquin Ranch, now the property of James Irvine. He also continued to operate steam
threshing outfits in Orange County from the time of his arrival here until 1912. In
that year he went to Santa Ana and for four years was street superintendent there;
during his incumbency the city of Santa Ana put in seventeen and a half miles of gravel
and oil streets and eleven and a half miles of macadamized streets.

Mr. and Mrs. English became the parents of five children: William H. resides in
Santa Ana; Susan M. is the widow of the late Frank J. Johnson and lives at Los
Angeles; Ida May is the wife of Duncan E. Sova of Los Angeles; Fred J. and John T.
are twins. The former is a prosperous ranchman in Bolsa precinct; he married Miss
Ida May Hickey of Ferris, Cal., and they have one son — Frederick Gerald. John T.
married Miss May Jacobsen of Orange and they are the parents of two children —
Harold R. and Ella Marie. Mrs. Robert H. English passed away December 21, 1916.
and Mr. English survived her until October 6, 1920, when he died at the residence of his
son Fred. Mrs. English was a member of the Episcopal Church, as were the parents
of Mr. English, but he embraced the doctrine of the Baptists. In political matters he
was an independent, preferring always to consider the qualifications of the candidate
and the principles at stake, rather than adhering to strict party lines. Fraternall}- he
was a member of the Maccabees and the Fraternal Aid Association.

SAMUEL B. EVERETT.— For nearly half a century Samuel B. Everett has been
identified with the agricultural interests of Orange County, in the vicinity of West-
minster, having located there December 1, 1875. He is a worthy descendant of an
honored New England family and is justly proud of being a grandson of Eleazer
Everett, the young patriot who served his country during the Revolutionary War.
Eleazer Everett was stationed at Boston Harbor, afterwards at Providence, R. I., and
when he received his honorable discharge from Captain Heath's company on April 8.
1778. after three distinct enlistments, he was but nineteen years of age- He was among
those that witnessed the death of the noted British spy. Major Andre, in 1780.

Samuel B. Everett was born in Francistown, N. H., November 10, 1840. the son
of Williard and Frances S. (Dodge) Everett. The family moved to what is now
Metamora. 111., in 1843, becoming pioneers of Woodford County, and there carved out
their future from the virgin soil. Both Mr. and Mrs. Everett were school teachers and
took such pride and pains in the careful and thorough instruction of their young son.
that he received a more liberal and extensive education than most young men of his
day. During the dark days of the Civil War, when the disruption of the Union, for
which his grandfather, Eleazer Everett, had fought, was threatened, the patriotic young
grandson determined that the Union must be preserved at all costs, and proved tliat
he was a worthy descendant of his illustrious grandfather by joining Company G,
Fourth Illinois Cavalry, serving for two years and ten months in the Western depart-
ment of the army, during which time he was in many engagements with the enemy,
but escaping without a scratch.

On September 3. 1867, in Oberlin. Ohio, Samuel B. Everett was united in marriage
with Miss Clara Specs, a native of Ohio, and a teacher in Natchez. Miss., where they
met. Three children were born to them: .Arthur taught school in Southern California

314 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

for twenty-two years; he married and became the father of three daughters and two
t.ons, his death occurring in 1916 through an accident; Clara E. and Clarence B., twins,
both died in infancy. Mr. Everett lived in Livingston County, III., about eighteen
months after his marriage, then removed to Fremont County, Iowa, and thence to Ida
County in that state, where Mrs. Everett passed away. In 1874 Mr. Everett returned
to Woodford County, 111., and there on September 13, his second marriage occurred,
Aihen he was united with Miss Sarah Lamson. She was a native of New Hampshire,
born there on May 1, 1841, and in 1854 came to Metamora, 111., with her parents,
William and Sarah (Starrett) Lamson. The father, who was a glass worker in New
Hampshire, engaged in the brokerage business after coming to Illinois and there ac-
cumulated a competency. He removed to California in 1877, and both he and his wife
passed away here.

Two children were born of Mr. Everett's second marriage, William and Justin, both
now deceased, named after their mother's brothers who served throughout the Civil
War. They resided in Iowa for a year after their marriage, coming to California in
187S, William Bradford Lamson, Mrs. Everett's brother, a four-year veteran of the
Civil War, having come to this state in 1873. They first located at Westminster, but in
1876 they went to live on a forty-acre ranch, where they followed general farming for
a number of years, during which time Mr. Everett was interested in the dairy business,
having at one time twenty-five head of dairy stock. After disposing of his ranch Mr.
Everett moved to his present place in 1884, an inheritance from his wife's father of
fifty acres, where he has continued general fanning. They have sold off from time
to time until they have the original home place of five acres.

Mr. Everett is an honored member of Sedgwick Post, No. 17, G. A. R.. while his
wife is a member of the Women's Relief Corps. In religious matters Mr. Everett is a
member of the Seventh Day Adventist Church and was the first elder of the church
at Garden Grove; Mrs. Everett is a Presbyterian.

LINN L. SHAW — The steady growth and the increased prosperity of Orange
County is directly the result of the early settlers in this locality, who have spent the
better part of their lives in developing its latent resources and in building up a com-
munity which socially and economically ranks with any in the state and has during
the years attracted the better class of citizenry to help in the further advancement
of this ideal home community. Prominent among these pioneer citizens is Linn
L. Shaw, of the realty firm of Shaw & Russell, who for nearly thirty-five years has
been identified with the progress of Santa Ana.

Descending from sturdy New England stock, Linn L. Shaw was born at Mar-
shalltown, Iowa, July 29, 1866, his parents being Chancy and Mary (Morrison) Shaw,
both of whom were natives of Maine. Attending the grammar and high schools of
Marshalltown until the age of fourteen, Mr. Shaw left the schoolroom to learn the
printer's trade, apprenticing himself to a local paper in his home city- Continuin.g
there until he had become proficient in his chosen work, in 1883 he went to Plank-
ington, S- D., and later was at Mitchell and Sioux Falls, in that state, spending in
all about three years there. Returning to his Iowa home in 1886, he found quite a
number of its residents preparing to go to California, as that was the beginning
of the great boom periods of the Golden State. An opportunity offered to secure
free transportation to the coast by accompanying a shipment of fine horses of
several prominent citizens of Marshalltown who were removing here, and Mr. Shaw
at once availed himself of this chance. .Arriving at Los Angeles he worked for a
few weeks on the Los Angeles papers, but hearing of the new town of Santa Ana
he decided to try his fortune there, and locating there in December, 1886, he has
since made it his home. Clerking for a time in the music store of A. L. Pellegrin,
he was soon offered a position on the Pacific Jl'eclcly Blade. The next year, when the
Daily Blade was started by A. J. Waterhouse, who had been one of the founders of the
ll'cekly Blade, Mr. Shaw was made city editor of the daily paper, a position he held until
the dissolution of this journal in 1889.

Mr. Shaw's next connection with the printing business was as proprietor of a
printing plant, which he afterward disposed of, retaining the position of foreman
until 1893, when he purchased a half interest in the Orange County Herald, conducting
this as a daily and weekly until 1903, with E. S. Wallace as a partner. In the mean-
time, in August, 1902, Mr. Shaw was appointed postmaster of Santa Ana, and the
increasing duties of this office was one of the prime reasons for the disposal of the
Herald, which was absorbed by the Blade. Conscientious and efficient in the discharge
of this important office, Mr. Shaw served as postmaster until 1913, directing the postal
affairs of the district with judicious economy, yet keeping the service up to a high
standard.

f-J

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 317

In 1917 Mr. Shaw formed a partnership with Roy Russell in the real estate
business, and this firm has taken a prominent place among the realty dealers of this
vicinity, dealing in high-grade properties and handling a large volume of business.
Mr. Shaw's long residence here and his consequent familiarity and thorough under-
standing of soils and land values of Orange County, combined with his enviable
reputation for square dealing, give him a deserved prestige in the realty world.

On February S, 1889, Mr. Shaw was married to Miss Hope E. Grouard, the
daughter of Benjamin F. and Dr. Louisa (Hardy) Grouard, pioneer residents of Santa
Ana, whose decease occurred many years ago. Four children were born to Mr. and
Mrs. Shaw: Faith, Ted, Marjorie and Carol.

A stanch Republican, Mr. Shaw has always been deeply interested in politics,
and a familiar figure, not only in local aflfairs, but political councils of the state, at
one time holding the office of vice-president of the State League of Republican Clubs.
A leader in fraternal circles, Mr. Shaw has twice been master of the Santa Ana
Lodge of Masons, a charter member of the Elks, the first council commander of the
Woodmen of the World and a member of the Maccabees.

PATRICIO YRIARTE.— For many years one of the largest sheep raisers in
Orange County. Patricio Yriarte. spent the later years of his life on his large ranch in
the vicinity of Brea. Born in Spain, in the Pyrenees region, on March 17, 1861, he
received his education in the schools of his home neighborhood, remaining in his
native land until young manhood, when he decided to seek his fortune in America.
Reaching New Orleans April 2, 1885, Mr. Yriarte came across country to Los Angeles
later the same year.

Settling in what is now Orarrge County he became a sheep raiser and for a number
of years he ran large bands, grazing them on the land that is now Yorba, Y^orba Linda
and the San Joaquin ranch. As the country began to be more thickly settled and the
grazing area reduced, Mr. Y'riarte decided to give up this business in 1897. He then
leased land in the neighborhood of the present home and farmed it to hay and grain.
In 1905 he purchased his ranch of 160 acres southeast of Brea; here he conducted exten-
sive ranching operations, raising corn, grain, hay and domestic stock. Besides his own
holdings he also rented large acreages, at one time have 1.200 acres under cultivation.
He took up his permanent residence on liis Brea ranch in 1905 and here he resided
for the remainder of his life.

On May 6, 1883, Mr. Y'riarte was married to Miss Pascuala Arrese, who like
himself was a native of Spain, born May 19. 1861, and reared in the same locality, and
receiving her education there before her migration to America. Mr. and Mrs. Yriarte
were the parents of five children: Felix, who is with the Union Oil Company at
Brea, married Celestina Lorea, who was also born in Spain and who came to America
and made her home on the Yriarte ranch until her marriage; they are the parents of
four children — Mary. Jose. Pauline and Margaret; Agustin is the manager of the
Yriarte estate and makes his home on tlic ranch; his wife is Lorenza Lorea, who made
the trip alone from her native Sp.Tin, arriving here December 18. 1909, and making her
home on the Y'riarte ranch until her marriage to Agustin on October 4, 1916; three
children have come to bless their home: Julian, who is with the Standard Oil Company
at Whittier, married Miss Inez Dolly, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Dolly of Whit-
tier; Y'sabel resides on the home ranch with her brother Agustin; Mary makes her home
with her brother Felix at Brea. .\gusfin and Julian Yriarte are members of the B. P.
O. Elks, the former at Anaheim and the latter at Whittier and of the Knights of
Pythias at Brea.

In 1904 Mr. and Mrs. Patricio Y'riarte. with four of their children, made an ex-
tended trip abroad, visiting their old home in the Pyrenees of Spain and spending ten
months on the trip. On returning home they took up their residence on their ranch
and here Mrs. Y'riarte passed away on March 17, 1915, on her husband's fifty-fourth
birthday, the death of Mr. Y'riarte occurring but a few weeks later, on April 19, 1915.
In 1910 Mr. Y'riarte erected the Y'riarte Building in Anaheim, on Center Street, next
to the \'alencia Hotel. On November 24, 1905. Mr. Y'riarte became an American citizen,
having received his final papers that year. During his many years of residence in
Orange County he was loyal to all movements that had for their aim the betterment of
conditions in general and the advancement of moral and social conditions.

.•\fter the death of Mr. Yriarte the 160-acre ranch was apportioned etiually among
the children, but it is still known as tlie Yriarte ranch, being left in one body of land.
Sixty acres of the ranch, owned by the sons, is now devoted to citrus fruit, having been
set out by Julian and .Ygustin Yriarte. The whole acreage is kept up to a high state
of productivity and is one of the valuable properties of the Brea district.

318 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

WALTER M. PARKER. — Prominent among those whose memory will long be
kept green, both by those who knew him personally, and could themselves appreciate
his rare worth, and also by those who are always ready to honor the pioneer and path
breaker to whom posterity is necessarily indebted for many blessings, was the late
Walter M. Parker, a native of Stockton, N. ¥., where he was born on May 7, 1844.
His father, Leonard Parker, also now deceased, was a native of Hamburg, Erie County,
N. Y., where he first saw the light on March 1, 1818. He married Catherine Kennedy,
who was born in Montgomery County, N. Y., on October 22, 1820. Leonard Parker
passed away on April 3, 1902, and his wife died twelve years before, on the fifteenth of
October. They were married at Stockton, N. Y., on September 16, 1838, and came
with their family to Anaheim in 1871, Mr. Parker taking up the work of a vineyardist.
Still later he cultivated oranges, owning a sixty-acre ranch; whereas they had raised
cattle and sheep in earlier days. They had ten children.

Walter Parker went to the public schools, and when he was old enough, became
a veterinary surgeon. After coming to Orange County, he set up a regular practice,
and in that scientifically interesting and humane field continued for many years,
accomplishing no end of good in the relief of the dumb animal, and getting to be
very well known beyond the confines even of the county. He also owned a fruit
ranch of forty acres, made raisins, and built the first raisin drier in Orange County.
He was best known, however, as a veterinary surgeon. Later he located at Iowa
Park, Tex., where he engaged in the rasing of cattle: and there he died on Mav
14. 1908.

He had been in the Civil War as a member of the Seventeenth Illinois Cavalry,
and at Richland, now Orange, then in Los Angeles County, on June 28, 1873, he
was married to Miss Barbara Kraemer, a native of- St. Claire County, 111., and the
daughter of Daniel Kraemer. She has always been the center of a circle of devoted,
admiring friends, and is as popular today with her stories of experience with the
Indians, who were friendly, in the early days of Anaheim. One daughter. Miss
Elenora A. Parker, is a teacher in the Anaheim public schools.

ELIJAH P. JUSTICE.— A pioneer not alone of Orange County, but of the state
of California, Elijah P. Justice, one of the county's most honored old settlers, is
now living retired with his excellent wife, who has proved such a capable and courage-
ous helpmate, on the Justice ranch near Westminster. Despite the fact that he has
reached his eighty-second birthday, Mr. Justice possesses a truly remrakable memory
and can recall names, dates and incidents, and describe with graphic detail the perilous
happenings of his journej' across the plains. A native of the Hoosier State, Mr.
Justice was born in Pulaski County, Ind., November 10, 1838, and there he spent
the days of his early boyhood. In 1853, when a lad of fifteen, he went to Texas with
his father, remaining there for four years, then starting across the plains with ox
teams for California. At that time there were many warring bands of Indians scat-
tered over the plains, and time and again they were set upon by these marauders.
They lost practically all of their cattle and barely escaped with their lives. In addi-
tion they encountered innumerable other hardships, and it was with a great sense ot
thankfulness that they finally reached the settlement at San Bernardino. Later Mr.
Justice became a freighter, and for these rough and hardy plainsmen even the Redskins
had respect, for the freighters feared nothing and took no chances in being surprised
by the Indians. Mr. Justice recalls vividly how at a certain place in Arizona a
number of freighters encountered a band of hostile Redskins, and the battle that
followed was a victory for the freighters, who counted seventy-two braves killed liy
their bullets.

A native daughter of California, Mrs. Justice, too, has passed through many
of the strenuous experiences that were typical of the pioneer days of the state. She
was before her marriage to Mr. Justice Miss Martha Adeline Cotman, and she was
born November 24, 1853, in San Diego County, near the San Luis Rey Mission. Her
parents were John and Mary (Bohna) Cotman, natives, respectively, of Louisiana
and Arkansas. Mr. Cotman came to the state in 1852, later meeting an accidental
death. Mrs. Justice was the eldest of the Cotman children, and her mother's second
marriage, which did not prove a happy one, made her childhood full of hardship,
and she had very few opportunities for education or other advantages. She made
the acquaintance of Mr. Justice at Azusa and was married to him on September 26,
1869, when she was not yet sixteen years old. Throughout all the years of their early
struggles, when there were many hardships and days of toil, she has ever been ready
to aid and encourage, and much of the prosperity that they have attained is due
to her wise habits of thrift and conservation. Generous and hospitable, she has
rounded out more than a half century of wedded life, and is much beloved by a large
circle of children and grandchildren. Ten children have been born to Mr. and

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 319

Mrs Justice: Clara is the wife of P. L. Glines of Covina, and is the mother of four
children; Martha is the wife of George Yost, a raisin grower near Fresno, and has
three boys; Laura is the wife of Roy Richards, an employee of the Salt Lake Rail-
road; they have two children and reside at Long Beach; Oliver P. married Miss
Lulu Fisher and is a freighter and farmer at Merced; they lost their only child
through an accident; Leona died at the age of eighteen months; Wiley Wells is
employed on the Irvine ranch; Jesse A. was killed in an automobile accident Janu-
ary 1, 1918; Roy C. is employed on the Emery ranch as an engineer and machinist;
Rhoda V. is the wife of George Taylor, a machinist; they have four children, and
reside at Huntington Beach; the youngest is Benjamin Franklin. Mr. and Mrs.
Justice have one great-grandchild.

After reaching San Bernardino at the end of his journey across the plains.
Mr. Justice remained there for about two years, locating in the vicinity of Azusa
in the fall of 1859. The outlook there was far from encouraging, as the plain was
covered with cactus and sage brush, but Mr. Justice obtained title to a tract of land
there and started in to cultivate it, but his water rights were illegally cut off. Being
unable to get the matter adjusted satisfactorily, he deemed it best to dispose of the
Tand, and he removed to El Monte, renting land there which he devoted to stock
raising and general farming for four years. In 1882 he disposed -of everything but
his cattle, which he drove to what is now Orange County, locating in the vicinity
of Westminster, and here he has since made his home. There were very few settlers
here at that early day, the place being almost a wilderness, but with true wisdom
and foresight Mr. Justice perceived that the soil could be made to yield abundantly if
given the proper cultivation. His first purchase was a tract of forty acres, at that
time covered with tules and willows, for which he paid only twenty dollars an acre,
the same land now being valued at more than $500 an acre. At the time he bought
the land it was so wet that he lost many of his cattle, the ground being too soft to
bear the weight of the animals. It took much hard labor to drain this land and bring
it under cultivation, but Mr. Justice's judgment has been amply rewarded in the years
of abundant returns he has received. It is to men and women of the stamp of Mr.
and Mrs. Justice that Orange ■County owes a great debt for the transformation that
has come about through their faith in its possibilities and the willingness to work
to bring about these results.

RALPH A. PATTERSON, FRANK E. PATTERSON.— For the past forty years
partners in the ranching business, and later as house movers, Ralph A. and Frank
E. Patterson have for fifteen years lived on their well-kept ranch of thirty-five acres
one mile east of Bolsa. and four miles west of Santa .^na. Of sturdy Eastern lineage
on both sides, their parents were William A. Patterson, a native of Newark. N. J.,
and Sarah Jane Crowell, whose forbears were among the old families of New Hcmip-
shire. The town of Paterson, N. J., was named for William A. Patterson's grand-
father, who was a silk manufacturer there, there being a slight change in the spelling
of the family name. William A. Patterson came to Ogle County, 111., when a young
mar, and engaged in farming, and there he met and married Miss Sarah Jane Crowell,
whose parents had moved there from New Hampshire. During the Civil War, he
enlisted in the Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and served with distinction in
the Union .•Xrmy. ,\t the Battle of Gettysburg the great siege gun. "Monitor," exploded,
and a piece of the gun struck him in the left leg and he was crippled for life.

After the war was over, Mr. Patterson and his family moved to Nodaway County,
Mo., and there carried on farming, specializing in the raising of broom corn and
the manufacture of brooms, in which they made a good success. As is well known,
certain localities in Missouri continued even for several years after the war to be
divided in sentiment and allegiance to the Union. The Patterson boys were often
singled out as the subjects for derision and revenge, and the Copperheads would seek
to plague them by calling them "Yanks." which the Patterson boys usually ignored,
but when the term began to be prefaced by opprobrious epithets, they decided that it
was time for a battle royal, and it is related that the Patterson boys never came out
second best in one of these encounters, and, incidentally, the whole locality began
to have a wholesome respect for "Yankee" principles, as inculcated by the massive
fists of the Patterson boys. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. William A.
Patterson in Ogle County. III., and two in Nodaway County, Mo.: Charles, a light-
house keeper in Oregon, died July 18, 1919, at the age of sixty-three, leaving four
children; Frank E., born March 21, 1859. is a partner of R. A. Patterson; Ralph .-\us-
tin, of this review, born September 1, 1861. Watts Turner died at Bolsa. where he
was a rancher, leaving a widow and two ste|)cliil(lriii ; William II. M. died at Santa
Ana, leaving a widow and two sons.

320 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

The Patterson family came to California from Nodaway County, Mo., in 1881,
and settled at Westminster. Ralph A. soon began ranching on his own account, locat-
ing at Carlsbad, in San Diego County, where he was extensively engaged in grain
farming for twenty years. He then sold his holdings there, consisting of 480 acres,
'and came back to Bolsa precinct and bought his present place of thirty-five acres,
which he and his brother Frank have farmed ever since. They have put down a
len-inch well, 214 feet deep, and have installed a pumping plant with an eight-
horsepower engine, which furnishes fifty inches of water for irrigation and domestic
purposes, also another four-inch well, pumped by a windmill. A comfortable resi-
dence and barns have been erected, and a house moving shop, this having been a
side line with them for a number of years, doing business in Orange County on the
west side of the river. The farm is largely devoted to garden truck, specializing in
sweet potatoes, melons and carrots. For twenty years he was employed at threshing
in Riverside, Orange, San Bernardino and San Diego counties, and gained a wide
acquaintance thereby.

Ralph A. Patterson was married first in 1888 to Miss Lydia Dumphy, who passed
away in 1890. her infant son, her mother and herself all dying within a few hours of
the grippe. Mr. Patterson's second marriage united him with Miss Mamie Payne of
San Diego; she died in 1901, at the birth of her second child, the infant also living
but a few hours. " Her eldest child. George A., is a student at the Santa Ana high
school. Mr. Patterson's present wife, before her marriage was Miss Hallie M. Fill-
more, and she is the daughter of William and Eliza Fillmore; she is the mother of
five children: Charles T., William E.. Hattie Jane. Hazel, deceased, and Lloyd Fillmore.
Frank Patterson has never married, but makes his home with his brother, with whom
he has been associated in business for forty years. Both brothers are steadfast and
consistent Republicans.

MRS. ZORAIDA B. TRAVIS.— An estimable and exceedingly worthy represent-
ative of one of Orange Coimty's most distinguished families, herself a descendant of
aristocratic Catalonian Spanish ancestors, is Mrs. Zoraida B. Travis, a daughter of
Prudencio Yorba and a granddaughter of Bernardo Yorba. His father was Antonio
Yorba. a soldier under Commander Fages who landed at Monterey, lived for a while at
the Monterey Mission, visited Yerba Buena. and finally came south to the Santiago
Creek, and in time obtained title to the rich grant. "El Canon de San Antonia de Santa
'^na de los Yorbas."

Bernardo Yorba received a grant from the King of Spain embracing about 180.000
acres, extending from nearly the present site of Riverside west to the ocean. As early
as 1835 he located his home on the north side of the Santa Ana River in Santa Ana
Canyon, and there built his commodious residence, famous in those days for its liberal
hospitality. It was a very large adobe building, containing ninety rooms, and many
were the activities carried on beneath its widespread roof. The various members of
the Yorba family were highly intelligent and highly esteemed; the most celebrated for
her many charities and kindness was the great-grandmother. Josefa Yorba. a much-
loved woman, who in McGroarty's Mission Play was selected as one of the leading
characters. In 1887. the period when so much attention was directed to California and
its realty, the Supreme Court of the United States confirmed title to the Yorba lands,
Bernardo Yorba having passed away in 1858, while his devoted wife had passed to the
Great Beyond seven years before.

Prudencio Yorba was a son of Bernardo Yorba by his marriage to Felipa Domin-
guez. He was born at the old adobe homestead. June 11. 1832. where he grew up. and
from a boy learned how to farm and raise stock successfully. His schooling was
obtained at the school at San Pedro. He was married August 4. 1851. to Dolores
Ontiveros. who was born on the Coyote ranch in the La Habra Valley, August 4. 1833.
Her father. Juan P. Ontiveros. was a native son. born in what is now Orange County.
and he married Martina Ozuna, born in San Diego, who also came of a very old and
prominent family. They farmed here for many years until they removed to Santa
Maria, Santa Barbara County, where Mr. Ontiveros purchased the Tepesquet ranch and
there en,gaged in ranching until his death. An extensive and successful sheep raiser,
Prudencio Yorba became the owner of a large ranch in the vicinity of Yorba. where
he resided until his death on July 3. 1885. his widow surviving him until November 24.
1894. having devoted her life to her family.

Of the twelve children born to this worthy couple, eight are still living, among
whom Mrs. Zoraida Travis is one of the youngest. She was born on her father's farm
near Yorba and as a girl received an excellent education, attending St. Catherine's
Convent at San Bernardino, where she completed her studies. On October 20. 1898. she
was married to J. Coleman Travis, the ceremony occurring at her old home. Mr. Travis
was a native of .\labama, where he was born on August 8. 1853, at Gainesville, near

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HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY " 325

Mol^ile. Impelled to leave the South on account of the disastrous effects of the Civil
War, the Travis family came to California via the Isthmus of Panama, arriving in Los
Angeles on Washington's Birthday, 1869. His parents, Amos and Eliza .»\nn (Cole-
man) Travis, were natives of Georgia and Alabama, respectively, and came of prominent
Southern families. For a time they resided in Los Angeles and engaged in orange
culture on Eighth Street, between San Pedro and Alameda streets. In 1871. however,
the family moved to Santa Ana, and a short distance north of the present site of Orange,
Amos Travis laid out the famous tract of about 800 acres.

For a number of years. J. Coleman Travis was superintendent of the plant of the
Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, and in this capacity he played an important part
in the building up of the plant and in the construction of its canals and ditches. Mr.
Travis also became the owner of a ranch of sixty acres on Tustin Street, near Orange,
which they developed and set to oranges, going through the discouraging days when
the fruit was ruined by pests, before the experts were able to control them. While
living there their five children were born, four of whom are living, J. Coleman, Jr.,
Kate, Zoraida and Amos. Later Mr. Travis sold the greater part of this ranch and pur-
chased the Esperanza ranch of 249 acres, a part of the old Prudencio Yorba place.
Mrs. Travis' father having named the ranch Esperanza for a daughter who had passed
away just before he moved onto this ranch from his old home. Then they located
at Santa Monica, where they resided until 1917, coming then to the Esperanza ranch.
Mr. Travis began developing this property, but was not permitted to carry out his
plans, for this estimable man died on June 19, 1919, his body being interred at Fair-
haven Cemetery, Oran,ge. He was a man of pleasing manner and very affable and
was endeared to every one, and particularly to his family, to whom he was a devoted
husband and a loving father. He was fond of outdoor sports and insisted on his family
enjoying many qutings, and also on his children learning to swim and to be proficient
in other athletic sports. He was especially fond of hunting and fishing and was a
member of the Orange County Fox Hunting Club, excelling as a rider and marksman.
Mr. Travis was always very interested in the building up of Orange County. He was
a deputy assessor of this district when it was still Los Angeles County, and he took a
prominent part in the county division and the organization of Orange County in 1889.
It is to men of J. Coleman Travis' type that much of Orange County's present greatness
and development is due, because with other early settlers he gave generously of his
time and means to all objects that had for their aim the improvement of the county
and enhancing the comfort of the people; and thus those early pioneers paved the way
for the opportunities and pleasures of the present-day citizen.

Mrs. Travis continues to reside on the Esperanza ranch, looking after her affairs
and the training and education of her children. She has an abundance to do and her
time is well taken up, for she still owns the 344-acre ranch that she originally inherited
from her father's estate, a part of the old Bernardo Yorba ranch. So it is indeed for-
tunate for herself and her family that she was endowed by nature with good judgment,
enabling her to manage and develop her property and enjoy her inheritance. A cul-
ture'd woman, with a taste and appreciation for the beautiful which finds expression
in her home. Mrs. Travis, in her graceful, charming manner, dispenses an old-time
California hospitality, and her ranch home continues to be a center for social gatherings
and family reunions.

GOTTFRIED KLOTH. — Among the many naturalized German-American citi-
zens at Orange. Gottfried Kloth is worthy of special mention. He is a retired rancher
and cement worker who, in 1920, sold his interests to his son-in-law, Benjamin
F. Dierker. to retire from the more active duties of life. Mr. Kloth was born in
Stettin. Germany, December IS, 1850. a son of Christian Kloth, who owned a farm
of 300 acres in that country, and there married Fraulein Mana Dreyer, and they
were the parents of four children who grew to maturity. Christian Kloth was married
three times, and was the father of twenty-three children.

Gottfried Kloth is the oldest child by the second wife, and has one own brother
and two own sisters. He grew to maturity in his native land, received a good
education, and was confirmed in the German church. His marriage occurred in his
native land in 1873, and united him with Huldah Trettin, also born in Germany. He
was the owner of an eleven-acre farm, which he disposed of before coming to .AmerFca
with his wife and four children. They sailed from Bremen on the Steamship "Sillare"
of the Hamburg American line, and landed at New York, in May. 1880. going at once
to Young America, Minn., the place of their destination. Here Mr. Kloth purchased
an eighty-acre farm, reaped two crops ofT of it, and came to California in 1882. Fred
Struck and the Borchards. of Orange, relatives of his wife, caused them to consider
Orange as a future home. Mr. Kloth worked at the cement business at Orange
for twenty-three years, in the employ of the Santa .\iia \\'aler Company and the El

326 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

Modena Water Company, manufacturing cement pipe and cement ditches. He pur-
chased a ten-acre ranch near Olive, operated it several years, then disposed of it, and
in 1910 bought the ten-acre place he sold in 1920. The oldest trees on the last place
are sixteen years old, and the youngest ones are seven years old. He planted all
the trees on the place except three acres, which were six years old when he bought
the place.

Mr. and Mrs. Kloth's four children were all born in Germany: Emma became
the wife of Joe Derson, and they were ranchers at La Habra. She died in 1908 and
left a child, Leona, whom Mr. and Mrs. Kloth reared, and legally adopted, April 2,
1920. She was two years and two months old when her mother died, and is now
fourteen years of age. Lena is the wife of Henry Franzen of Riverside, a hardware
merchant, and they have three children; Rosella married Benjamin F. Dierker, a
rancher at Orange, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work; they have four
children, two boys and two girls; Herman is single and farmed the home place for
his father.

Gottfried Kloth has helped build three Lutheran church edifices at Orange, the
last one erected at a cost of more than $42,000, and he advocates the cause of tem-
perance and is a consistent Christian. He' and his good wife have been hard
workers and deserve a rest after such arduous and useful lives. Much credit is due
Mr. Kloth for the success which he has won by a life of industry and integrity.

JAMES S. RICE.— Back to an enviable ancestral record, James S. Rice of Tustin.
one of Orange County's early citizens, can trace his lineage. Of English descent, the
first representative of the family settled in Massachusetts, and here Harvey Rice, the
father of James S., was born at Conway, on June 11, 1800. After his graduation from
Williams College, well-known as the alma mater of President Garfield, when a young
man of twenty-four, he decided to try his fortune at Cleveland, Ohio, then a little
frontier town of only 400 inhabitants. Reaching there without funds or friends, he
began his career there as a teacher, being one of the pioneers of that profession in that
vicinity. With true foresight he invested his first earnings in real estate, and when,
in later years, this land increased in value it made him a wealthy man. He took
up the practice of law and became one of the leading lights of his profession during
his long career. He was a leader among the public-spirited citizens of his day, and
several of Cleveland's most noted monuments were promoted through his influence,
among them the Perry monument and that of Geo. Moses Cleveland, the founder of
the city. His early work as a teacher always gave him an added interest in educa-
tional matters, and he was ever at the forefront in every movement that made for
progress in those lines. He was the author of the original common-school law of
Ohio, a law that has been copied in many states. As a recognition of this service
and his many years of disinterested work on boards of education and boards of
charity, a life-size bronze statue of him was erected in Wade Park at Cleveland,
largely paid for by pennies from the school children of the state. In the early fifties
he represented his district in the state senate and made for himself a high place
among the legislators of that period. Educator, legislator, historian, he passed away
at the age of ninety-one years, full of honors. Mrs. Rice, who was Maria Fitch, a
daughter of Col. James Fitch of Putney, Vt., died in Cleveland, aged seventy-seven.

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Rice were the parents of five children, and of these, James
S., the subject of this review, was next to the youngest. He was born at Cleveland,
Ohio, October 31, 1846, and was educated in the schools of Cleveland and at the
Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. He completed the classical course and,
in accordance with his father's wishes, was looking forward to a legal career, but
decided to enter business instead. In company with an elder brother, already estab-
lished in the house furnishing business, he remained a partner for eleven years, until
in 1874, in search of health and a warmer climate, he made a trip to California to
visit his brother-in-law, James Irvine, the original owner of the San Joaquin Rancho
in Orange County. He remained here for three months, and then returned to Cleve-
land. He was so well pleased with what he saw of the Golden State, however, that
he decided to return, reaching here on January 18, 1877. He went into the stock busi-
ness with James Irvine, raising cattle and hogs on the San Joaquin Rancho, but that
year was extremely dry and they had no feed for their stock, the sheep dying by the
thousand. He was then living at the old San Joaquin ranch house at the head of
Newport Bay, the first plastered house in Los Angeles County, remaining there six
months. He next purchased some land of Peter Potts at Tustin, and started an
orange grove, and later he bought a tract of fifty acres north of Tustin, part of
which he still owns. He paid fifty dollars an acre for this land, and set it to Muscatel

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 329

grapes, from which he averaged $200 an acre for several years. During the boom of
1886-1887 in this vicinit3% he sold quite a portion of his land, some of it at the rate
of $4,000 an acre. Land values, of course, receded after this abnormal inflation, and
Mr. Rice was compelled to take back some of it. He erected a line three-story resi-
dence on his property, and now has a twelve-acre orange grove that has been brought
up to the highest state of cultivation and productivity.

Mr. Rice's marriage, which occurred in Cleveland, Ohio, united him with Miss
Coralinn Barlow, the daughter of Gen. Merrill Barlow, an eminent lawyer of that
place, who was quartermaster general of Ohio during the Civil War period. A brother
of Mrs. Rice is Hon. Charles A. Barlow, of Bakersfield, who has been one of the
most prominent figures in the oil development of Kern County. Mrs. Rice was an
exceptionally talented woman, a singer of note, having had an excellent musical edu-
cation, and her gracious hospitality made their home the social center of a large
coterie of friends, among them Madame Modjeska. She occupied an individual place
in the community, to which her death, in November, 1919, came as a distinct loss.
Mr. and Mrs. Rice were the parents of four children: James Willis, a rancher at Tus-
tin, married Miss Rubel Martin, and they have two children; Merrill and Harvey are
both deceased; the youngest son, Percy F., is an inventor.

In politics Mr. Rice has always been a stanch adherent of the Democratic party
and prominent in the local affairs of the organization. He is now chairman of the
Democratic County Central Committee.

WILLIAM THOMAS BROWN.— An early pioneer in the commercial world of
Orange County, enjoying the distinction of having been the first president of the
FuUerton Chamber of Commerce, and a pioneer advocate of the most enthusiastic
sort of good roads, able to boast with pride that he actively participated in giving
Fullerton her fine thoroughfares, renowned as among the best in all the state, William
Thomas Brown, a native of Georgia, represents very ably the handsome contribution
made from time to time by the South toward the development of the Southland in
California. As president and general manager of the Brown and Dauser Company, Mr.
Brown is not only a force in the lumber field, but influential at all times, and in the
right way and most needed places.

He was born at Macon, Ga., on September 18, 1852, the son of Dr. William A.
Brown, a physician and surgeon who practiced for years in Georgia and first came to
California ten years after the arrival of our subject here. Dr. Brown married Miss
Salina J. Jenkins, a native of North Carolina and she became the mother of seven
children, among whom William Thomas was the fourth oldest child. He was educated
in private schools in Winchester. Texas, and for three years was in a drug store in that
state. Coming to California in 1873, Mr. Brown spent the first ten years as agent and
operator for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and then for a year he was
secretary of the Santa .\na Valley Irrigation Company at Orange. In 1881 he pur-
chased a ranch of twenty-one and a half acres on North Main Street, half-way between
Orange and Santa .Ana. where he spent a couple of years farming, and then he entered
the lumber field, becoming interested in the .Anaheim yard of the J. M. Griffith Lumber
Company. He assumed the management, a position he filled with success for a period
of si.xteen years, and it is self-evident that he not only mastered the business there,
but also had much to do with giving the development of the lumber business in general
in Orange County the right turn and the needed impetus.

In 1899 Mr. Brown incorporated the Brown and Dauser Company and purchased
the T. S. Grimshaw lumber yard in Fullerton. and here he has since Ijeen in business.
In about 1904 he purchased Mr. Dauser's interest and devotes all of his time to tlie
management of the business, being president and manager of tlie company. It is the
oldest yard in Fullerton and has a fine planing mill; and it demands the services of
fifteen men. Besides the Fullerton yard, the Brown and Dauser Company have two
other lumber yards — one at La Habra, the other at Brea. .As a live member of the
Fullerton Board of Trade, Mr. Brown may look back upon the community in which
he has become a commanding figure with mingled feelings. When he was the first
agent for the Southern Pacific at Santa .Ana, the station was in an old caboose. The
next spring the new depot was completed and he was agent at Santa .Ana from Decem-
ber. 1877, until March, 1881.

When Fullerton Ijegan the agitation for good roads it required much eflfort and
time to persuade many of the taxpayers that better and the best roads were the greatest
of assets and after the bonds were voted Mr. Brown was appointed a member of the
commissioix that liad charge of the construction, and that finally gave Fullerton pave-
ments such as many larger municipalities do not boast of. He has always been a
Democrat in national political affairs. l)Ut a Democrat who willingly threw aside his
partisansliip in tlie consideration of local affairs. Mr. Brown still continues his interest

330 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

in horticulture, for he not only owns his original ranch on North Main Street, but owns
two other ranches devoted to citrus culture.

On April 17, 1878, Mr. Brown was married at Wilmington, Cal., to Miss Isabella
Campbell, a daughter of William and Katherine Campbell. She was born at London,
Canada, where she was reared and educated, coming to California in 1875. She passed
away in 1893, leaving six children: Lottie M. is the wife of Dr. H. C. Stinchfield of
Los Angeles; Catherine B. is Mrs. C. L. McGill of La Habra; Mabel G. is Mrs. Butler,
also of La Habra; the second, fifth and sixth of the children are Albert W., W. Grant
and Helen Brown, the latter living at home. Mr. Brown was married a second time,
the ceremony taking place at Anaheim, on October 9, 1895, uniting him with Alice
Beaizley, a native of Australia, born at Sidney of English parents. Her mother died
when she was a little girl and she came to California in 1870 with her father. Rev.
Theophilus Beaizley, a minister in the Presbyterian Church.

Fraternally Mr. Brown was made a Mason in Wilmington Lodge, F. & A. M., in
1875, but is now a member of Fullerton Lodge No. 339. F. & A. M., and with his
wife is a member of the Order of Eastern Star. He is also a member of the Knights
of the Maccabees in Anaheim. Intensely interested in the growth and development
of Orange County, he has always been a member of the local civic bodies and for
six years was the representative from Fullerton in the Associated Chambers of Com-
merce of Orange County.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, TUSTIN.— The history of the finance and the finan-
cial institutions of a community are an index to its growth and development as a
whole, and the First National Bank of Tustin, Cal., has been conspicuously successful
since its establishment, February 5, 1912. Organized with a capital of $25,000, its
volume of business grew from its inception to a marked degree, and judicious man-
agement increased its capital to $50,000, with deposits amounting to $286,887.96. W. C.
Crawford was the first president of the institution and C. J. Cranston its first cashier.
Its present ofificers are: C. E. Utt, president; John Dunstan, vice-president; C. A.
Vance, cashier; W. S. Leinberger, assistant cashier; directors: C. E. Utt, John Dunstan,
Sherman Stevens, V. V. Tubbs, I. L. Marchant, C. A. Miller and C. A. Vance.

C. A. Vance, cashier of the bank, has displayed his perfect knowledge of the
banking business in the creditable manner in which he has filled his important position.
He is a native of Kansas, and in 1912, having disposed of a bank in his native state,
removed to Chula Vista, Cal., where he organized the Chula Vista State Bank. He
sold this bank in August, 1916, and January 1, 1917, located at Tustin.

William S. Leinberger, assistant cashier of the bank, is a native of Nebraska, and
was born in 1883. He is the son of L. F. and Kate Leinberger, natives of Pennsylvania
and Ohio, respectively. He was reared and educated in the public schools of his native
state, and in 1910, at the age of seventeen, migrated to California, first locating at
Alhambra, Cal., graduating from the business college there, later teaching bookkeeping
there for a year. He then was with the Alhambra Savings Bank until he took his
present position as assistant cashier in the Tustin First National Bank.

JOHN O. FORSTER. — Prominent among the ranchers, business man and polit-
ical leaders of San Juan Capistrano must be mentioned John O. Forster, who was
born at Los Flores, San Diego County, on August 14, 1873, the son of Don Marco
Forster, who married Guadalupe Abila, a daughter of Don Juan Abila, once the owner
of the San Miguel Ranch. Don Marco's father was the famous John Forster, or Don
Juan, who was born in England, migrated to California during the Spanish regime,
and married Ysidora Pico, a sister of Pio Pico, the last governor of California under
:he Spanish regime. Don Marco was born in Los Angeles in 1839, and became one of
(he largest landholders in Orange County, owning 15,000 acres of very choice hill, pas-
ture and grain land. Before the Eastern settlers came, father and son carried on a very
extensive business in the raising of cattle, sheep and horses, allowed to roam over their
vast estate, and they had as many as 5,000 head of horses and five times that number of
head of cattle. Fences were then unknown, and cattle and horses ran wild. Santa
Margarita Ranch, as the property was designated, included many thousands of acres
of rich land, and was one of the choicest and most productive of the old-time estates.
Pio Pico also owned a large estate near Capistrano. some of which, joined to a part
of the Forster property, made more than a handsome holding.

Don Marco Forster died in 1904, the father of six children, among whom John
O. was the third in the order of birth. The others were Marco H.. Frank A. — a part-
ner in various enterprises with our subject — George H.. Ysidora, the wife of Cornelio
Echenique, and Lucana, later Mrs. Thomas McFadden of Fullerton. When Don Marco
passed away. John O. Forster was made an executor.

Romantic was the career of the founder of this virile family. Don Juan Forster,
■who was a captain of one of the fine old sailing vessels of early days, married into a

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 333

long-established and wealthy Spanish family, and so later came to control one of the
most noted principalities of pre-pioneer days; and equally romantic has been the history
of Don Juan's renowned ranch. The ranch really included three old Spanish grants,
the Santa Margarita, the Mission Viejo, at San Juan Capistrano, and the Trabuco, each
with its own romantic history. The two first-mentioned originally belonged to the
Picos; but in the forties John Forster, having captured the heart of Don Pico's sister,
secured the ranches also. John Forster became esteemed and powerful as Don Juan;
and on his death left such a heritage that it would have required in the days of no
irrigation a small fortune to manage, and manage successfully. As it was, his heirs
assumed indebtedness to keep the property; and when much of it was heavily mort-
gaged, it passed into the hands first of Charles Crocker, then of James Flood, and
finally of Richard O'Neill.

John O. Forster attended the public schools at San Juan Capistrano. and later
studied at St. Vincent and Santa Clara colleges. Then he went to work on his father's
ranch, caring for his cattle, and after that, for four years was. proprietor of a general
merchandise store and was postmaster at San Juan Capistrano. In that old historic
town, too, he was married in 1900 to Miss Mae Marshall, a native of Virginia City,
then residing at Reno, Nev., a lady who has proven the most helpful of life-mates.
Mr. Forster has become the prime mover in the San Juan Capistrano W'alnut Associa-
tion, and he is also interested in the Capistrano Water Company. He belongs to the
Mission Church, and for eighteen years has been a member of the board of trustees
having charge of the grammar school. In 1901 he erected his comfortable home, amid
some seventy acres of walnuts.

Frank A. Forster, John's brother, who was born at Los Flores on December 7,
1871, is in partnership with John and other members of the family, the children of the
long-honored pioneers thus preserving a pleasant tradition of early days. With com-
mon interests and generous syinpathies, these thoroughly representative Californians
are able to accomplish enough to give new force to the old adage, "In union there is
strength," and to renew the assurance that property and wealth need not and ought
not to be a bone of contention, but rather a source of felicitation among near of kin.

HON. Z. B. WEST. — Orange County has never failed to appreciate the worthiest
of its judiciary, and distinguished among these who have deserved the highest esteem
and confidence may be mentioned Hon. Zephanian B. West, the efficient and popular
judge of Department One of the Superior Court, at Santa Ana. He was born in Wayne
County, 111., on March 1, 1852, and first came to the Golden State in the great "boom"
year for Southern California, in 1887. His father was Samuel West and he married
Miss Margaret .A. Hoover. To this union there were born nine children, five boys and
four girls. They settled and did yeoman work in pioneering in Southern Illinois,
encountering every hardship incident to making a farm and a home in a new and
unsubdued wilderness country, such as that was at that time. They were very poor
and upon the subject of our sketch — he being the eldest of the children — the burden
of assisting in supporting the family fell very heavily, but ever mindful of his duty as
a faithful son, he manfully remained with his parents and shared their burdens and
hardships until he was twenty-one years of age; then launched out in pursuit of an
education for which he had longed and thirsted; and without aid from any one, even
to the extent of one cent, he pressed on and by self-denial, with indomitable energy,
optimistic courage and the greatest sacrifice, completed the education he so much
desired and began his professional career which has moved onward to higher and
more worthy attainments and to his present important and influential position.

Mr. West graduated in 1876 from the National Normal University of Lebanon,
Ohio, upon the completion of the full teacher's course prescribed by that splendid
institution with the degree of B.S., and three years later from the Central Normal
College of Danville, Indiana, with the degree of A.B. He then read law in Illinois
and was admitted to the bar, upon examination before the Supreme Court of that
state, in 1885. He was thus well grounded in legal subjects before he left his native
state to push out into the world.

Coming to California, he settled at Santa Ana and here opened a law office for
general practice; was city attorney for seven years, and conducted the legal proceed-
ings by which the Santa Ana Water Works were installed — Santa Ana being the
second city to take such action under the municipal law as it then stood. He was
chairman of the Board of Education of Santa Ana for four years, and served five
years on the State Normal School Board, and was acting in that capacity when the
Normal School at San Diego was erected. He was also appointed by the Board of
Supervisors district attorney of Orange County, to fill a vacancy for two years, and
at the general election in 1902, when he had well established a wide reputation for
clear thinking and honest, fearless dealing, he w-as elected judge of the Superior Court

334 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

for six years, and has since succeeded himself each consecutive six years; so when he
finishes his present term he will have served in that high office twenty-four years. In
addition to his undergraduate work, the real foundation laid for much of this public
service was Judge West's experience as an Eastern pedagogue. He was superintendent
of schools of the city of Fairfield, 111., for two years, and county school superintendent
of Wayne County, 111., for five years, and was engaged in school work altogether for
about fourteen years — a part of this time before he had graduated from college.

At Fairfield. 111., on May 20. 1885, Mr. West, who is of English and Scotch-Irish
descent, married Miss Elizabeth E. Wright, a daughter of Stephen and Emma Wright,
of English ancestry; and their fortunate union has been further blessed by the birth of
five children: Lulu A. West married R. Victor Langford, and Z. Bertrand West, Jr.,
married Miss Linna Yarnell. The other children are Marguerite E., Frank Gordon and
Edmund C. West. Judge West is a member of the First Baptist Church of Santa Ana,
and was superintendent of the Sunday school for almost twenty-eight years. He is
still a valued and influential member and also of the Men's Club of that Church.

The Judge is a stanch, broad-minded Republican, and has unbounded confidence
in the principles of that great party. He has been initiated into three branches of
Masonry, knows the mysteries of two branches of the Odd Fellowship, is a Maccabee
and a member of the Fraternal Brotherhood. This interesting career, so typical of
American progressive manhood, is of double appeal, for it reveals the many-sidedness
of the Judge and easily explains his broad sympathies and his ability — so widely appre-
ciated by both the legal fraternity and the public in general — to enter into almost every
phase of social, business and political life, and so render justice far more surely than
would have been possible had he not run the gamut.

WILLIAM J. EDWARDS.— A resident of Orange County for more than forty-
six years, William J. Edwards has contributed a large share to the development of
the Westminster district, where he continues to make his home. Born in Derinda
Township, Jo Daviess County, 111., April 22, 1858, Mr. Edwards grew up there on
his father's 150-acre farm, attending the schools of the neighborhood. His parents
were Samson and Diana (Rogers) Edwards, of whom mention is made on another
page in this history.

Coming to California in 1874, John H. and William J. Edwards rented a tract
of 320 acres of land in the Westminster district, which they farmed in partnership,
going in on a large scale in raising grain, potatoes and live stock. After five years
the partnership was dissolved, William J. carrying on the ranching alone and meet-
ing with great success, later renting 160 acres from his father, which he farmed for
sixteen years, then bought it. He had purchased his present place of forty acres in
1881, and gave it to his three older children, but in 1914 and 1915 bought it back. He
is also the owner of the original Edwards homestead of forty acres, which he purchased
in 1916. He also has owned and improved three other ranches in the Westminster
and Wintersburg precincts, and had 1,280 acres of land in Arizona, near Casa Grande,
also property at Seal Beach. In 1914 he erected his attractive bungalow on -the Santa
Ana^Huntington Beach Boulevard, which he has named "The Tortoise Shell."

In 1878, William J. Edwards was married to Miss Ella Johnson of Garden
Grove, born in Solano County, the daughter of Irvin and Elizabeth Johnson, who
came there from Missouri. She passed away in 1891, leaving five children: Ernest
William, a rancher near Bishop, Inyo County, is married and has five children; Eliza-
beth Lillian is the wife of Glenn L. Baker, a rancher in Tulare County, and she is the
mother of six children; Harry James resides in Hemet, and has two children; Frances
Henrietta is the wife of J. W. StuflElebeem, a rancher at Visalia, and they have one
child; Bessie Ellen is the wife of George Harris of Lemon Cove, and she has one
child by her first marriage with James Harvey. Mr. Edwards' second marriage,
which occurred in 1892, united him with Miss Nettie Kelley, born in Nebraska, the
.daughter of John and Mary J. Kelley, both now deceased. Six children have been
born to them: Eugene J. is a rancher near Wintersburg and has one child; Cecil
Violet is the wife of Benjamin Craig of Phoenix, Ariz., and has two children; Sylvia
Juanita is the wife of Alljert G. Kettler, a rancher of Buena Park; Ben Samson, Rufus
Henry and Nettie Adelaide are at home.

Of late years, Mr. Edwards has been interested in the citrus and walnut industry
and he now has twenty acres devoted to orchard, his Valencia grove now being four
years old. Although always a very busy man, with many business interests, he has
never allowed himself to become so absorbed in business cares as to forget that a
reasonable amount of recreation is a necessity in everyone's life. A number of years
ago he had a wagon fitted up especially for camping trips, with sleeping and cooking
facilities ingeniously arranged. With his family he has taken many camping trips in
this wagon, one trip several years ago being through the Yosemite Valley. Mr. Ed-

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 2,2,7

wards has had the wagon mounted on a Ford chassis so that it is now more of service
than ever, especially for long trips, and during the early part of the year 1920 he
drove it on a long camping trip 'in the mountains. Mr. Edwards is a member of
the Westminster Drainage District and of the Lima Bean Growers' Association of
Smeltzer. An independent, both in religious and political matters, he has lived a
consistent, upright life, following his own creed of justice and honesty in all his
dealings with his fellowmen. He helped to make the division of Orange from Los
Angeles County, and has lived here all those years.

HIRAM CLAY KELLOGG.— Perhaps no one does more to help in the develop-
ment of a new country and particularly to benefit future generations than the efficient
civil engineer, and for this reason the name of H. Clay Kellogg of Santa Ana, is
indelibly associated with Orange County. His works will live as monuments after
he has passed hence. From the earliest days of the county up to the present time, and
not alone in this section is his work known, but throughout the state and beyond its
confines he has long been recognized as one of the most able m?n in his profession.
The favorite saying of the famous educator, Horace Mann, "VYe should be ashamed to
die until we have done something to help the world," is one of the favorite ma.xims
of H. Clay Kellogg. A native son of California, he was born near St. Helena, Napa
County, on Admission Day, September 9, 1855, the eldest son and child of Benjamin
Franklin and Mary Orilla (Lillie) Kellogg, both descendants of old New England
families who were among the pioneer settlers of Illinois. .\ sketch of the family is
given on another page of this history.

Even in his early years Mr. Kellogg manifested a decided inclination towards
the profession of civil engineer, and he was fortunate in being privileged to obtain the
necessary education and training to perfect himself in his chosen calling. In 1879 he
was graduated from Wilson College (now extinct) at Wilmington. Cal. During the
time he attended this institution, through the friendship of Captain Smith, the engineer
in charge of this section of the Coast Survey, Mr. Kellogg was fortunate in being
employed to work out the triangulations of the survey of the Wilmington and San
Pedro harbors and was furnished the necessary instruments for that purpose. After
completing his course in the college he did not engage in his profession for about
four years as he had taken contracts to set out vineyards at Anaheim, Placentia and
Pasadena, this being the period when the grape industry was at its height in Southern
California.

Mr. Kellogg's first- important contract was the laying out of the town of Elsinore.
in Riverside County, in 1883. The following year he was made chief engineer of the
Anaheim Union Water Company, just organized, and ever since that date he has been
employed as engineer or consulting engineer for the company. He held a like position
with the Anaheim Irrigation system until the district was declared invalid. In 1885 he
was chosen to fill the office of deputy county surveyor of Los Angeles County. In
1888 he surveyed and built the railroad running from the center of San Bernardino,
through Colton to Riverside and operated it for eight months. This is now a part of
the Southern Pacific system. In 1886-87 he laid out South Riverside, now Corona,
remaining as engineer of its water system until 1900. In 1894 he was selected for the
important post of constructing engineer of the dam at Gila Bend, Ariz., where he
remained until the completion of the work.

Upon his return to Orange County, which section of the state has been his home
since the year 1869. he was elected county surveyor, serving until January, 1899, when
he was elected city engineer of Santa .\na. The work before him was the development
of the sewer system of the city, a task that he was most competent to undertake and
which he completed to the satisfaction of everyone. In 1900 he went to Honolulu,
where he was engaged as chief engineer by the Wahiawa Water Company, and built
two immense reservoirs by damming up both forks of the Kaukonahua River, running
each side of the Wahiawa Colony; he also constructed a canal from the mountains to
irrigate the colony and as an adjunct. to the reservoirs, one of these having a capacity
of 2.500,000,000 gallons. The waters of these reservoirs irrigate the lands of the
Wahiawa .Agricultural Company, being carried by a canal seven miles in length. In
1905 he was employed as consulting engineer to make a report on, and revise the plans
of the Naunna dam above Honolulu and this dam has been constructed on his plans.

Upon the organization of the holding company for the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation
Company and the .Anaheim Union Water Company, known as the Santa .Ana River
Development Company, to look after the water supply and protect the water rights,
Mr. Kellogg was employed as engineer, and still holds that important post. His duties
are to measure the water each year from the source to the intake of the canals near
the county line in Orange County and make such necessary investigations for lawsuits

338 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

which occur in the protection of their rights, and in this field he is recognized as an
authority and always called upon for expert testimony. In 1906, when the Newbert Pro-
tection District was organized to control the water of the Santa Ana River from Santa
Ana to the ocean, a distance of ten and one-half miles, he was appointed engineer and
still holds that position. In 1910, after a period of twenty years, he returned to Corona,
arranged for and built the storm drains and sewer system for the city, two previous
attempts having failed.

Mr. Kellogg has constructed many miles of paving and built bridges in various
cities and counties in Southern California, and has built up a clientele second. to none
of any other engineer in the state. With a decided talent for architecture, he designed
the attractive residence at 122 Orange Street, Santa Ana, which has been his home
for a number of years. During the year 1918-19 he constructed a beautiful mausoleum,
100x200, of concrete, marble and bronze, at Oakland, Cal., a credit to Mr. Kellogg as a
builder, and had he not chosen the profession of engineering, he doubtless could have
won fame and success in the architectural field.

Mr. Kellogg has been twice married; his first union was with Miss Victoria Schulz,
a native of Iowa. She passed away in 1891, leaving a daughter, Victoria Sibyl, who was
graduated from the Westlake School for Girls in Los Angeles. She is the wife of
Ralph R. Michelsen, born in Los Angeles, a mechanic who works in steel, but with a
strong penchant for raising poultry. They have two bright children, Ralph Copeland
and Charlotte Augusta, Mr. and Mrs. Michelsen reside in Orange County. In 1895,
at Portland, Ore., Mr. Kellogg was married to Miss Helen V. Kellogg, a native of
Wisconsin, who spent her early life in North Dakota, and is a graduate of the high
and normal schools and of the State University of North Dakota, a talented lady
who presides over the family home and is an invaluable helpmate to her gifted husband.
This union has been blessed with four children — Helen, Hiram Clay, Jr., Leonard
Franklin and Oahu Rose.

In fraternal circles Mr. Kellogg is a Mason, having been made a member of
Santa Ana Lodge, No. 241, F. & A. M.; and he belongs to the Chapter; the Council,
where he has been illustrious master; the Commandery, in which he is a past eminent
commander, and is a member of the Al Malaikah Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., in Los
Angeles. For years he was prominent in the Native Sons of the Golden West, serving
as president of the Invincible Parlor, and also held the office of deputy district grand
president for fourteen years, and is now among the oldest of the Native Sons of Cali-
fornia. He has always been prominent in the affairs of the Technical Society of Civil
Engineers of the Pacific Coast. Notwithstanding the busy life he has led, H. Clay
Kellogg has never neglected his duties as a citizen of the county, but has given of his
time and means to further those projects that have had as their aim the betterment of
social and civic conditions and in all such work he has had the active cooperation of his
wife and they have a wide circle of friends wherever known.

JOHN H. EDWARDS.— Now living retired at Santa Ana, John H. Edwards
occupies a distinct place among the honored pioneer ranchers of Orange County, as
for close to half a century he has been identified with its progress, and through
his aggressiveness and energy liberally contributing to every enterprise, not only of
his own neighborhood, but of the whole country round about.

While the greater part of his life has been passed in California, Mr. Edwards
is a native of Wisconsin, and there he was born near Hazel Green on October 16,
1855. His parents were Samson and Diana (Rogers) Edwards, honored residents of
Orange County for many years, a sketch of their lives being found elsewhere in
this history. During the early boyhood of Mr. Edwards, his parents removed to Jo
Daviess County, 111., and there he remained until early manhood. Then, in 1874, he
came to California with his father, Samson Edwards, and located near Westminster
in Orange County, and there they rented a ranch, which they cultivated together until
John H. was twenty-one years of age. He then entered into a partnership with his
brother, William T. Edwards, and for a number of years they were engaged in ranch-
ing, leasing land which they devoted to corn, barley, potatoes and live stock. They
also maintained a dairy and conducted a meat business, running wagons over a wide
scope of territory, and as they were energetic and progressive, they soon became
leaders in the agricultural development of the Westminster section.

In 1882 Mr. Edwards purchased a ranch of his own near Westminster, and
here he made his home until his removal to Santa Ana. His original purchase was a
tract of forty acres, and this he added to until he owned 270 acres of valuable land.
In connection with his ranching Mr. Edwards conducted a thriving butcher business
for a number of years. In 1907 he rented the land to his two eldest sons, who have
since given the ranch their careful attention, keeping it up to the same high state of
cultivation. Despite his busy life in the early days of development of Orange County,

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 341

Mr. Edwards was always keenly alive to the need for betterment of conditions in
his community, and to any measure that was of present or future value to the county.
As one of the directors of the Smeltzer branch of the Home Telephone Company,
he was instrumental in the establishment of the telephone system connecting his
neighborhood with the larger centers of the country. He was also a director of the
Bolsa Tile Factory, whose products were a much-needed factor in the development
and improvement of large tracts of land in Orange County.

Mr. Edwards' marriage, which was solemnized at Los Angeles, united him with
Miss Julia A. Penhall, a native daughter of California, whose father, Uriah Penhall,
was a pioneer of the Golden State, coming here in the early days and engaging in
mining. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Edwards: Reuben W., Lloyd
E., Daisy M., wife of O. J. Day of Westminster, Mildred N. and Glen W.

MONSIGNOR HENRY EUMMELEN.— If California the Golden, famed to the
wide, wide world, is noted for anything besides its matchless climate and all the advan-
tages to health and human happiness arising from that priceless blessing, it is that
the great commonwealth is an empire of favored homes, a place where one may find
peace and contentment, in an environment of uplift and hope, if one is disposed to be
contented, happy and prosperous anywhere. For this second blessing — an advanced
and assured state of society — iCalifornians are indebted to various agencies long and
strenuously at work; chief among which have been the untiring ministrations of the
scholarly and faithful clergy, working unselfishly year in and year out to make the
world a better place to live in, and California, perhaps, the choicest corner of all.

Eminent among these leaders of church work who have thus dedicated themselves
and all that they control or direct to the public good, and often to the good of a public
not always exactly in accord with them, may well be mentioned the Very Reverend
Monsignor Henry Eummelen, distinguished years ago as the youngest Monsignor
in the United States or Canada, and now a natural leader among the prelates of Santa
Ana, who was born in the city of Lutterade, province of Limburg, Holland, on De-
cember 8, 1862 — a day doubtless serenely quiet in staid old Netherlands, but a date
memorable for the beginning of General Grant's operations against Vicksburg, which
riveted anew the attention of the Old World on America. His father was John
Mathias Eummelen, who had married Miss Maria Elizabeth Demacker; and being
God-fearing folk, and having noted the early aspiration of their first-born to conse-
crate himself to the service of the Almighty, they afforded him every opportunity to
prepare for the priesthood. For a while he attended the Jesuit College at Sittaert,
Holland, but after four years, when he was just sixteen, he came to this country with
his parents.

At Teutopolis, 111., he resumed his studies, and remained for another four years
at the Franciscan College, and then, for a year, he taught school. When he matricu-
lated again, it was at the seminary at Mount Angel, Marion County, Ore., but since
the Benedictines were not prepared to take secular students, he went to Vancouver,
W'ash., on the application of Bishop Junger, and taught at the college there for two
semesters. He then went to Nevi- Westminster, B. C, where he joined Bishop Durieu
in missionary work among the nine different tribes of Indians.

Impelled by the desire to resume his studies and reach his goal, Mr. Eummelen
went for a while to the Ottawa University; and, as his parents had removed from
Nebraska to California, he came to Bishop Mora, the first Bishop of Monterey and
Los Angeles, who sent him to Santa Barbara to finish his theology under the famous
Very Reverend Father Bergmeyer. When the latter gave up teaching, Mr. Eummelen
came south to Los Angeles and taught languages at St. Vincent's, at the same time
that he pursued his theological studies; and on the removal of his parents to Kansas,
he accompanied them, to look after their affairs. Bishop Fink, of Leavenworth, was
only too glad to welcome him to his diocese, and asked him to become a priest under
his jurisdiction.

Our subject was thus ordained to the priesthood in Leavenworth on February 28,
1890, by Bishop L. M. Fink, and said his first mass in the Sacred Heart Church at
Newbury, Kans., on the second of March following, in the presence of his parents
and other relatives, and his first charge was that of assistant at the Cathedral. Sub-
sequently he had to attend different missions in eastern Kansas, as a result of which
the arduous pioneer work of those early days proved altogether too much for his,
or the average man's, strength. His health broke down, and he was advised by his
physicians to move west again to the Pacific Coast.

Knowing Bishop Durieu of \'ancouver personally, he went to him and there,
as the only secular priest in the diocese, he labored for nine years, and during that
time he made it possible to enlarge the Church of the Holy Rosary, which has since

342 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

become the Pro-Cathedral, and he erected the parochial school and St. Paul's Hos-
pital. Not being able, however, to live any longer in that climate, he came to Southern
California and took up his abode in San Diego, where he spent three years in the
drearisome effort to recuperate his health; and, again feeling stronger, he volunteered
his services to Bishop Conaty of Los Angeles. The Bishop sent him to the Imperial
Valley, and there, during three years of hardships in a pioneer country, he built no
less than four churches. He was then sent to National City, and there erected a
church; and he also caused one to be built at Otay. As far back as 1896, at the
time of the patronal feast of the Church of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, Bishop
Durieu, on October 3, had Pope Leo XIH, in recognition of Father Eummelen's
worth, ability and eminent services, appoint him a Monsignor, and the year previous
he had been made an Honorary Canon of the Holy House of Loretto; and with all
the years of added experience, accomplishment, prestige and influence, the Monsignor
was given his present charge, in 1913 — the important parish of St. Joseph's Church
at Santa Ana.

On March 2. 1915. occurred the silver jubilee of Monsignor. or plain Father
Eummelen, as he prefers to be called, and never, perhaps, has Orange County so
honored itself in a similar way as in the proper celebration of the event — a celebration
that took on more significance on account of the history of the flourishing parish.
The first Catholic Church of Santa .\na was built and dedicated in 1887, and it was
then called the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary. It was ministered to at first by
priests from Anaheim, but later it had its own pastors — notably the Rev. Fathers
Byrne, Grogan and Remhardt. In 1896 the little Church was completely destroyed
by fire. The congregation rebuilt at once, and the new church was dedicated the
same year. After the burning of the first church, the congregation was again attended
from Anaheim, until July, 1903.

After successive pastorates by the Rev. Father Joseph O'Reilly, the Rev. Father
John Reynolds and the Rev. Fathers F. X. Becker and P. Stoeters (under whom the
old debt hanging over the church was paid off), Monsignor Eummelen took charge
in April, 1913. of St. Joseph's congregation, and he not only enlarged the church,
but also the parochial residence. Now, after its enlargement and restoration, the
church's interior presents a fine appearance. The furniture, though not ostentatious,
is very pleasing, and contributes to the devotional spirit characterizing the place,
and among the useful adornments are beautiful "Stations of the Cross" of very large
proportions, painted in oil on canvas, and real works of art. This artistic work was
done in the church building itself by the young Belgian artist, M. Ravenstein, who
received his education in the art schools of Germany and France.

He also built the schoolhouse and established the parochial school. He is now
completing a large addition to the school, which will give an additional seating capacity
for seventy-five pupils. The school and high school are under the supervision of the
Sisters of St. Joseph of Eureka, Cal. Preparing for future growth he has purchased
a block of five acres of land one block north of the present site, on which he plans
to build a new church at a cost of $100,000, then the present church and school build-
ings will be devoted exclusively to the use of the Mexican population of the parish.

During the eight, years Monsignor Eummelen has been in charge, eight girls
from the parish have joined the Sisterhood and two of the young men have become
ecclesiastics, and the Knights of Columbus and kindred church societies are in a very
flourishing condition. The school has been brought to a high standard and is not alone
patronized by members of the congregation but by children from families of other
denominations, who appreciate its high moral standard. It is visited by the county
superintendent of schools, who gives it the highest commendations. He has been
\ery active in the building up of churches and congregations in California, and in this
diocese he has built eight different churches. Monsignor Eummelen also takes an
active part in civic affairs as well as in the growth and development of the county.
Every worthy movement that has for its aim the improvement or upbuilding of the
county receives his hearty cooperation and support. During the late war he took
part in the different drives for Liberty Bonds and other war funds, and was one of
the four-minute speakers. He also organized the Catholic Homeseekers Information
Bureau of the United States, with headquarters in Los .\ngeles. Fraternally, he is a
member of the Knights of Columbus and the Santa Ana Lodge of Elks.

On the occasion of the Jubilee referred to, a poem, by Clarice C. Keefe. entitled
"Pastor Fidelis," was dedicated to the jubilarian, and there were religious ceremonies
at St. Joseph's Church, which began at 10 o'clock in the morning with solemn high
mass. The procession proceeded from the rectory, led by the acolytes with their
lighted candles, while three little girls dressed in white, carried before the jubilarian

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 343

a white velvet cushion, upon which reposed a silver wreatli of the symbolic wheat and
grapes, and the Monsignor entered the church of which he had been the beloved pastor
for two years, attended by the Right Reverend Bishop Conaty and the other clergy.
The wreath was the gift of Father Eummelen's sister. Sister Mary Elizabeth of tlie
Franciscan Convent in Chicago, who with his niece, Sister Mary Stanislaus of Tucson,
were privileged to be present at the Mass. The two small nieces of Father Eumme-
len, Gertrude WiedenhofF and Marie Rudolph, and little Catherine Mallen had the
honor of carrying the wreath. When the three little maidens presented the wreath
they made a pretty poetical address.

Immediately upon entering the sanctuary, the Bishop began the ceremony of
blessing the church, whose present beauty bears witness to the energy and generosity
of its rector. Following the blessing, solemn high mass was sung by Father Eumme-
len, assisted by the Rev. C. M. Raile as deacon, and the Rev. Father Golden as sub-
deacon. Rev. Frank Conaty was master of ceremonies. The Right Reverend Bishop
was attended by the Rev. Father Burelbach and the Rev. Father Hummert as deacons
of honor. Father Theophilus, O. F. M., of St. Joseph's Church, Los Angeles, a boy-
hood friend and schoolmate of the jubilarian, preached the sermon, which so eloquently
portrayed Father Eummelen's career during the past twenty-five years. The Rt.
Rev. Thomas J. Conaty, Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, followed with another
sermon, and then the litany of the saints was chanted by the clergy, the music being
under the direction of Father Fahey. Before the congregation left the Church, a
committee of men of St. Joseph's Society, consisting of J. M. Maag, J. \V. Hageman
and Henry Cochems, stepped to the railing and presented the Monsignor with a well-
filled purse as a slight token of appreciation from the parish. A banquet followed,
with toasts by L. M. Doyle, Mayor Ey, Father Fahey, Father Burelbach, Father Theo-
philus, Father Dubbel, Dr. Jos. Sarsfield Glass, then pastor of St. Vincent's. Los An-
geles, and now Bishop of Salt Lake, Father Neusius, Bishop Conaty, Judge Thomas of
the superior court. Father Campbell, and the guest of honor, Monsignor Eummelen
himself. The receipt of many telegrams added to the pleasure of the event.

LE'WIS AINSWORTH.— A prominent business man of Orange, whose healthy
influence was felt far beyond the confines of both county and state, was the late
Lewis .Ainsworth. who passed away on March 22, 1914, in the eighty-fifth year of his
age. He was born at Woodbury, Vt., in 1829, and came to Jones County, Iowa, with
his parents when he was sixteen years of age. They made the trip by way of the
rivers and lakes to Illinois, and then continued to Iowa with the aid of teams. In
the Hawkeye State they entered Government land; and with from four to six yoke
(I oxen hitched to a plow broke the prairie and improved their farm. Under this
lowan environment the lad Lewis grew up.

In the stirring year of 1849 Lewis Ainsworth crossed the great plains, with other
Argonauts, in an ox-team train, and having arrived safely in California, mined for a
couple of years. Then, in 1852, he returned East by way of Panama, and on April
24, 1852, was married to Miss Persis Bartholomew, a native of La Moyle, Vt. She
came with her parents to Illinois when she was seven years of age, and located at
Buffalo Grove, now Paola, and two years later the family moved to the neighborhood
of Monticello, Jones County, Iowa. She was the daughter of Daniel Bartholomew,
who died in Iowa, and Augusta (Simmons) Bartholomew, who passed away in Napa
Valley, Cal. Mrs. Ainsworth received a good education in the schools of Vermont,
Illinois and Iowa, and so was a real helpmate to her husband.

The same day of their marriage, Lewis Ainsworth and his bride started across
the plains with a horse team and wagon, on a trip which had been recommended for
her health; and although she left home an invalid, she could walk and was quite well
before the end of the journey. They remained at Jacksonville, Ore., for two years,
and then, in 1856, returned to Iowa by way of Panama. They took the steamer John
L. Stevens from San Francisco to the Isthmus, and the George Law from the Isthmus
to New York; this ship sank on her next trip, with a loss of 365 persons.

Mr. .-\insworth remained on his Iowa farm of 640 acres until 1859. when he again
came to California and brought his wife and two children, traveling via Panama. He
spent ten years at Weaverville, in Trinity County, where he was engaged in mining
and in the wood and timber business, and in 1869 returned to Iowa by the newly-
established railway lines. Once more he took up agriculture on his Iowa farm, but in
1877 he sold the farm, and moved to Glasco. in Cloud County, Kans., and there bought
several sections of land for the growing of corn and raising of cattle and hogs, which
he shipped to the Kansas City markets. In 1888 he removed to Salem, Ore., where he
remained until 1889, when they returned to Kansas; and there, with his sons, he started

344 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY

the Ainsworth Bank and ran it until 1900, while he continued to reside there and to
prosecute other business interests.

Mr. Ainsworth had been coming in winter time to Southern California, and in
'900 he moved to Orange, and bought a town home and a block of ground. Soon after
that, with the aid of his children, he started the Ainsworth Lumber Company, and
with the first planing mill there, they made a quick and lasting success. He built the
Ainsworth building, was also a stockholder in the First National Bank of Orange, and
in the Orange Savings Bank, and was both a builder up and an upbuilder of the city
and county. Although never a church member, he was a true Christian, and for over
forty years had been an Odd Fellow.

Mrs. Ainsworth, now eighty-four years of age, has survived her husband, and
is widely esteemed by all who know her. She is a member of the Christian Church
and the Gordon Granger Post, W. R. C, and she continues to reside at the old home
on East Chapman Avenue, where her 'devoted children lighten her labors and shield
her from care. Mr. Ainsworth had made thirteen and a half round trips between
California and Iowa, and Mrs. Ainsworth made eight and a half trips. For many
years she has had the commendable hobby of clipping items of particular interest
from the newspapers and pasting them into scrap books, and in this way she made
two large books of the Spanish-American War. She has also made fourteen of the
World War, besides nine volumes of soldier-boy letters; she began her scrap-book
making in 1877, making one every year, excepting years of war, and has made over
sixty books in all, and it is probable has never had a rival in California. The three
children of Mr. and Mrs. Ainsworth are: Frank L-, Mitt O. and Mrs. Ina Butler, all
residing in Orange.

GEORGE J. MOSBAUGH.— .Among the most interesting personalities of Orange
County must be mentioned that of George J. Mosbaugh, for some time secretary of
the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, and later president of the Commercial
Bank of Santa Ana. He was born in a log house on a farm near Cicero, Hamilton
County, Ind., on May 17, 1840, and was reared on his father's farm. His father was
Conrad Mosbaugh, born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, where he grew up and
learned the weaver's trade. He was also married there, on September 1, 1836, to
.Anna Maria Brehm, and together, the following year, they started for America. They
were accompanied by Grandfather Joseph Mosbaugh, or Mosbach, and his entire
family. In 1837 they bought land and settled in Hamilton County, Indiana, where
they made a clearing and built a log house, with its mud and stick chimney, from
the native hardwood timber, aflfording them a rude but hospitable home. Joseph Mos-
bach was born at Offstein. Hesse-Darmstadt, in 1775, and was a farmer by occupa-
tion. He married Justina Rasph, who was born in 1781, and they had seven children,
and all came to America in 1837. The name was originally written Mosbach, but about
1848 an uncle named Franz began to write it Mosbaugh, on account of the various
mispronunciations given the name by English-speaking people. Thereafter, the rest
of the kin followed his example. Excepting said uncle, Franz, who was a shoe-
maker, all the Mosbaughs followed farming.

George Mosbaugh attended the district schools in the pioneer days of Indiana,
became a teacher, later a soldier in the Civil W'ar, and after the close of the war
resumed his studies at Boyd's Business College at Louisville, Ky., and later studied
at the State University of Indiana. After graduating there, he became the proprietor
of a commercial college at Terre Haute, Ind., known as the Terre Haute Business
College, and still later became proprietor of the Bloomington, 111., Business College.
But, before entering upon his career as professor in business colleges, his first experi-
ence was as a teacher in the district schools in Hamilton County, Ind. He was
thus engaged in 1862 when he enlisted in the Fifty-first Indiana Volunteer Regiment
under Colonel Streight, but did not enter the service for the reason that the recruiting
failed to raise the necessary quota of men, and the recruiting officer and himself
enlisted as privates in another Indiana regiment. Mr. Mosbaugh then went back to
his public school and finished his term of teaching, and after that became a student
at Bryant's Business College in Indianapolis, Ind. He was engaged in a mercantile
establishment in Indianapolis when in May, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, One
Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and he assisted in guarding
the bridge across the Tennessee River, on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railway, and
in doing picket duty at Bridgeport, Ala. He was honorably discharged by reason of
the expiration of the term of his enlistment on September 5, 1864. After that he took '
up business college work and conducted the schools already mentioned.

While he was managing the business college at Bloomington, Mr. Mosbaugh
went to Indianapolis, and on November 25, 1868, was married to Miss Melissa J. Har-
fey, a native of Indiana. She died at Santa .Ana on October 9, 1896, leaving three

HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY 349

children. Edwin H., who was for many years chief of the Redlands Fire Depart-
ment, is now assistant chief of the department at Riverside; Maude M. is the wife
of Dr. J. F. Galloway, the dentist, at San Pedro; and Marie is bookkeeper for a Sau
Diego automobile and tire company.

Mr. Mosbaugh was married a second time, on May 16, 1900, when Mrs. Emma
(Palmer) Thelan, the widow of the late Charles C. Thelan, became his wife. Mr.
Thelan was a pioneer harness maker of Santa Ana, and they had one child, H. Percy
Thelan, of Santa Ana. She was the daughter of Noah and Susan (Evans) Palmer,
and was born in Santa Clara County, Cal. Mr. Palmer was a native of Lowville,
N. Y., while Mrs. Palmer came from Indiana; and they were married at Laurel,
Franklin County, Ind. Mr. Palmer came overland to California in 1849, leaving his
wife in Indiana, and in 1852 he went back after her. For a while he mined gold at
Placerville, and later Ijf took up a government claim four miles out of Santa Clara,
and became one of Santa Clara's early horticulturists. There were three children
in Mr. and Mrs. Palmer's family: Almira, Mrs. R. E. Hewitt, came to Santa Ana
in 1874, and she and her husband are both now deceased; Emma is the wife of Mr.
Mosbaugh, and Lottie E. resides in Santa .Ana. Mr. Palmer was very prominent in
Santa Ana, where he died on January 10. 1916, preceded some years by his devoted
wife, who had passed away on October 28, 1903. They were very highly honored
people at Santa Ana, Santa Clara and everywhere else where they had lived, and Mr.
Mr. Palmer was an excellent farmer, banker and street railroad builder, and was influ-
ential in political circles, being a stanch Republican.

Mr. Mosbaugh was engaged as bookkeeper for Lockhart and Company at Pitts-
burgh, Pa., for nine years, and became a partner in their business in 1873. Two years
later he came out to California and settled at Orange, May. 1875, where he lived the
first eight and a half years. During this time he developed one of the early orange
orchards at Orange. In order to replenish his purse during the waiting time, he
accepted the secretaryship of the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, and at the
time of the establishing of the Commercial Bank at Santa Ana, in 1882. he became
its first bookkeeper, so that he is able to say, with a smile of satisfaction, "I began
as janitor and bookkeeper, and came out as president." Since 1904, Mr. and Mrs.
Mosbaugh have resided at their commodious residence at 636 North Broadway.

Mr. and Mrs. Mosbaugh attend the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Mosbaugh
is an active member of Sedgwick Post No. 17, G. A. R.. in Santa .Ana, and has been
adjutant and quartermaster for a number of vears. He is also a member of Santa
Ana Lodge No. 241, F. & A. M.

A few years ago Mr. Mosbaugh prepared a family genealogy, of which he
distributed gratuitously one hundred copies among near-of-kin and intimate friends,
and in that work he placed the following preface:

".Aside from our duty and the gratitude we owe to our Creator, to whom do we
owe our existence? Is it not to our ancestors, through whom God in His infinite
wisdom has given us birth and life? It is wrong for us to say that we do not care for
our ancestors. Besides giving us being, they have given us good government, churches,
schools and colleges, and laid the foundation for the many blessings we are now
enjoying. Let us then keep our family record with pride and reverence. This book-
let is intended as a starting point. It is the hope of the writer that each person
who receives one will continue to keep an accurate record of his or her family, and
will pass it on to coming generations. Read the first seventeen verses of the first
chapter of Matthew, and you will readily see that our forefathers in an early day
kept a better fafnily record than we are now keeping. Lastly. I desire hereby to
express my earnes