A history of the pioneer families of Missouri

465
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1876

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This facsimile of the first edition
of "A History of the Pioneer
Families of Missouri" is repro-
duced from a copy obtained from
the original publisher.

The introduction and index pre-
pared by W. W. Elwang and
published by Lucas Brothers,
Columbia, Missouri.

1935

««wjM«-.^..,ui..... *■ 'REBECCA HC^'-'** **S.ThomaS HOV***-*-- '

A HISTORY

OF THE

PIONEEE FAMILIES

OF

MISSOUEI,

WITH NUMEROUS SKETCHES, ANECDOTES, ADVENTURES,

ETC., RELATING TO

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI.

ALSO THE LIVES OF

DANIEL BOONE

AND THE CELEBRATED INDIAN CHIEF

BLACK HAWK,

WITH NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHIES AND HISTORIES OF
PRIMITIVE INSTITUTIONS.

BY WM. S. BRYAJ^ AND ROBERT ROSE.

BRYAN, BRAND & CO., ST. LOUIS, MO.,
1876.

B91

Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1876, by

WILLIAM S. BRYAN,
In the ofQce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

._ PLANOORAPHID BY

JOHN S. SWIFT CO.. INC.

•T. LOUIS-CHICAOO'NCW VOIIK-INOIANAf>Oklt

PREFACE.

This book has been written in the midst of tribulation. When
the authors began their work, two years ago, they had no ade-
quate idea of the magnitude of the task which lay before them ;
but they know very well now. The histories of more than eight
hundred pioneer families of the five counties embraced in this
work are given, with the names of their children, and other mat-
ters of interest. We have endeavored to have every name and
incident correct, but of course there are some errors. There are
many obstacles in the way of obtaining information of this kind^
members of the same family frequently giving entirely different
accounts of important events in their history. Mr. Rose has
personally visited one or more members of each family whose
history is given, and from his notes thus obtained the histories
have been written. Where differences occurred in the statements
of different members of the same family, we have carefully com-
pared them and endeavored to sift the facts from each ; and we
feel confident that this book is as near correct as it is possible for
any work of the kind to be.

The delay in issuing the book has been unavoidable ; first owing
to the time spent in gathering the materials, and then to numer-
ous unavoidable delays in the printing oflSce. But the matter is
just as fresh and entertaining as though it had been issued a
year ago.

We do not expect the reader to believe all the remarkable yams
related under "Anecdotes and Adventures." Some of them
were given to us merely as caricatures of early times, and they
can easily be distinguished from the real adventures.

INDEX.

PART I.

LITE or DANIEL BOONE, ..... 1-54

PART II.

Early Days ix Missouri, . . , . 55-81

Religious Matters, ..... 81-88

Affairs of Government, Etc., . . . 89-1)1

The Indian War, ...... !)1-116

New Madrid Earthquakes, . . . . llG-118

Some of Our Antiquities, ..... 118-120

PART III.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

St. Charles County, , . . . . . 121-126

Families of St. Charles County, . . . 120-203

Warren County, ..... 204-206

Families of Warren County, .... 206-227

Montgomery County, .... 228-237

Families of Montgomery County, . . . 237-300

Callaway County, . . . - . . 301

Families of Callaway County, . , . . 301-385

Audrain County, ... ... 386-389

Families of Audrain County, .... 389-414

PART IV.

BIOGRAPHIES AND SKETCHES.

Life of Bishop Marvin, . . . . 415-422

History of the Methodist Church, , . . 423-426

Colonel J. F. Jones, ..... 426-428

Adventures of Francis Skinner, . . . 428-435

Francis Duquette, . . . . . ■ 435-437

Academy of the Sacred Heart, ... . . 437-440

Church of St. Charles Borromeo, . . 440-442

Maj. George Baughman, the Montgomery Co. Hermit, 443-445

The Slicker War, . . . . . . . 445-449

The German Immigration, .... 450-454

The Town of Troy, Lincoln County, . . . 454-455

The Black Hawk War, . . . . 455-457

Life of Black Hawk, ..... 457-497

PART V.

AliTECDOTES AND ADVENTURES, . . . 498-628

BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION

AM AFRAID our dcmocracy is only skin deep," said a
Federal judge from the bench not long ago as he
sentenced a genealogical racketeer to a prolonged va-
cation behind the walls of a penitentiary. The evidence in the
case has disclosed the interesting fact that the American people
were fairly clamoring for family trees, coats-of-arms, and other
heraldic devices, and to obtain them had paid this crook over
$100,000 for genealogies and armorial designs that were nothing
more than the ingenious fancies of an embezzler's brain. He had
for some time received between 300 and 400 letters a day in
response to his seductive advertisements.

^ 3|C 3|C 3)C

Now, the motives underlying this widespread desire for a long
and worthy ancestry are, of course, quite varied. Too often it is
the result of sheer vanity. But it is also true that an honest
and wholesome, even though somewhat prideful. wish to treasure
up the lineage and achievements of forebears is the basic motive
of many of those who covet the distinction of belonging to old
even though not distinguished families. With sincerity to serve
this class is certainly a worthy purpose. Hence the re-issue,
in this de luxe edition, of "Pioneer Families of Missouri." Copies
of the original and only edition in 1876 have become very, very
scarce, and correspondingly quite expensive, thus piutting them
entirely beyond the reach of most of those who might be inter-
ested in their contents.

* * * *

"Pioneer Families of Missouri" is a unique and invaluable work
of its kind. Although three of the five "parts" into which it is
divided are comparatively of little interest and less historical
value, being composed almost entirely of matter quite extraneous
to genealogy, parts I and HI are a veritable treasure trove. This
is true of Part I because it contains a "Life of Daniel Boone"
with important authoritative genealogical and historical data
about the Boone and Bryan families by an ardent admirer of the
great frontiersman. But it is true pre-eminently of Part HI
which, within the compass of less than 275 pages, contains the
more or less complete genealogical histories of more than 800

(v)

VI INTRODUCTION

families, of the families which, in the five contiguous counties
of St. Charles, Montgomery, Warren, Audrain, and Callaway,
laid the foundations upon which Missouri, the mother-state of
the Great West, was builded.

jjs * * *
Until quite recently the writer's interest in genealogical lore
was meager enough. A confirmed democrat and proletarian. I
have held to the conviction that what a man does here and now
is of more commanding importance than what his ancestors were
and did in the distant past, perhaps as "robber barons" on land
or "pirates bold" on the seven seas. I have never, therefore,
made any attempt to trace even my own ancestry, but chiefly,
perhaps, because I feared to stumble upon too many bars-sinister
to explain if not to excuse rny own lack of achievement. How-
ever, when I became associated some years ago with the Missouri
Store Company, in Columbia. Missouri, as manager of its Fine
and Rare Book Department, my attention was quickly attracted
to an extensive and persistent demand from all over the country
for books of genealogy and, in Missouri, my native state, es-
pecially for copies of "Pioneer Families." And when in the
routine of business I sought to supply the demands of patrons
for this latter work, my surprise was great to learn that it was
an almost impossible task to find a single copy. The book was
a "rare" one indeed, and the price for the very few specimens
that came out of hiding from time to time was quite high. My
interest gradually increased and I began, almost sub-consciously,
to speculate about the origin of this mysterious book, about its
authors, where and when they were born, married, and when
they had died, as well as about what else they might have done
in the making of books or other things. When, at a later date,
the plans for this reproduction of the book in facsimile began to
take shape, it became imperative to translate this hitherto rather
vague interest into verifiable biographical and historical data.

* * sH *
Here again my astonishment was great. Like most of the
copies of their book, the authors themselves seemed to have
entirely disappeared from human ken. Those from whom in-
formation was sought, such as old newspaper men, county and
other historians, collectors of Missouriana, historical societies,
knew nothing about these men. But gradually by means of dili-
gent correspondence, for much of which I am deeply indebted
to my good friend, Mr. Floyd C. Shoemaker, the able Secretary

INTRODUCTION VU

of the State Historical Society, slight clues were picked up here
and there and pieced together, until finally we were led to
Nevada, Missouri, there to find, to our great astonishment and
greater gratification, Mr. William S. Bryan himself, one of the
co-authors of "Pioneers" and its financial sponsor and publisher.
He is in his 89th year, but hale and hearty and still deeply im-
mersed in literary labors. Our problem was solved !

* * * *

Mr. Bryan says that Robert Rose was responsible for the
germinal idea of "Pioneer Families," but adds that the idea ap-
pealed to him also. Rose seems to have been a good-natured
fellow with a roving disposition. He had a habit of riding about
the countryside on horseback, with a pair of saddlebags as his
only impedimenta, and subsisting mainly upon the generous hos-
pitality of the people. During these perambulations he took
great delight in quizzing as many persons as possible, partic-
ularly the "old timers," about their early days in Missouri, their
ancestry, and the customs and adventures of those rugged and
often dangerous days. The gleanings from these more or less
fortuitous interviews he jotted down briefly on scraps of paper,
which he then thrust higgledy-piggledy into the saddlebags.
When he had accumulated a large quantity of such notes the
brilliant idea occurred to him to make a book of them. As Mr.
Bryan jestingly puts it, "by some unfortunate accident he located"
and laid the proposition before him. Mr. Bryan was favorably
impressed and agreed to furnish the necessary funds ; while
Rose continued his itineraries and supplied sufficient "copy" for
a book, in the meanwhile cherishing a secret, but as it proved,
a forlorn hope that the sale of the book would make both himself
and his partner in the enterprise rich. The more or less inchoate
matter which he collected and hoarded in the saddlebags was at
intervals turned over to Mr. Bryan to be sifted, arranged, written
up, and finally printed and published. The first and only edition
numbered 500 copies, and fell still-born from the press. About
200 copies were bound and either sold at $2.50 per copy or given
away ; the remaining sheets were disposed of as so much waste
paper. But though the material reward for the two years of
labor and expense which it took to bring out the book was nil,
it is not too much to say that the result otherwise was monu-
mental and invaluable. During 1874-1876 many "old timers,"
both men and women, were yet alive, fourscore years and ten
and more of age, with vivid recollections of the days when forests

Viil INTRODUCTION

had to be cleared and crops planted and harvested almost under
the guns of hostile Indians ; when log forts dotted the land, and
towns were laid out in the uncharted wilderness. These old
people passed away rapidly very soon afterward, and with their
passing their personal experiences of the early days in Missouri
would have been lost forever had not our roving Rose garnered
them on scraps of paper in his saddlebags. If the task had not
been undertaken precisely at that time, and in the homely manner
in which it was done, the priceless data now preserved between
the covers of "Pioneer Families" would never have been col-
lected at all.

* * * *

Of Robert Rose's career before and after he "located" I\Ir.
Bryan, very little is known. Mr. Hughes Pegram, of Mont-
gomery County, the son of James Pegram, one of the settlers
of that county who knew Rose, describes him as about six feet in
height, slender, dark complexioned, with a short beard. For a few
months after the publication of "Pioneers" he seems to have tried
peddling it from door to door in the region which he had combed
over for its contents. The result was heart-breakingly disap-
pointing and he died soon afterward, probably in 1878, in dire
poverty, at about sixty-two years of age. He lies buried some-
where in Montgomery County. Could there be a more vivid
illustration of what is sometimes spoken of as the irony of
history, that so little can be said about the man whose unre-
munerated job it was to rescue thousands of his fellows from
oblivion? Happily, it is quite otherwise of Mr. Bryan, of whom
a quite fairly complete genealogy and life-sketch can be set down
here, the latter supplied in part by himself and the former secured
from other sources.

* * * *

William Smith Bryan is a descendant of a notable family, the
history of which, in America, goes back to 1615, when another
William Smith Bryan landed on these shores from Ireland. It
appears that he had aroused the hostility of the British govern-
ment by a too ardent Irish patriotism and had been deported as
a rebellious subject. At thfs time this Bryan was supposed to
be the onlv living lineal descendant of Brian Borou, one of the
half mythical Kings of the Emerald Isle. It is recorded that
he had quite a number of children, eleven in fact, but the record
of only one, Francis, has come down to us. He accompanied
his father to America, and in due time himself became the father

INTRODUCTION IX

of two sons, Morgan and William S., who were born in Denmark,
whither their father had fled after an unsuccessful return to
Ireland to regain his hereditary title and estate. His son Mor-
gan, by some turn of Fortune's wheel, became a standard bearer
for William of Orange and was present at the battle of the
Boyne. He came to Pennsylvania in 1695 and married Martha
Strode, whom he had met on the ship which brought him over.
Their children were Joseph, Samuel, James, John, Morgan,
Eleanor, Mary, William, Thomas, and Sarah. James married
Mary Austin of South-east Missouri and of the family after
whom Austin, Texas, is named. Their son, Jonathan, settled on
Femme Osage Creek in St. Charles County in 1800. His son
Elijah married Lydia Anne McClenny and became the father
of W. S. Bryan, co-author and principal sponsor of "Pioneer
Families of Missouri."

* * 5fS *

William Smith Bryan was born on a farm near Augusta, in
St. Charles County, on January 8, 1846. He was educated at
home by two sisters, who were school teachers. Later he grad-
uated from Stewart's Commercial College in St. Louis. On
November 25, 1875, he married Nancy Mildred North. The
fruits of this union were two daughters and a son. The latter,
William S., was a lieutenant of infantry in the U. S. Army
during the World War, and was recently decorated for valor.

In 1865, aged nineteen, Mr. W. S. Bryan, Sr., went to Council
Grove, Kansas, and learned to set type in the printing office of
his brother James, who was then editing and publishing a small
weekly paper. The next year he returned to his native state
and established the St. Charles Nezvs in company with Joseph
H. and William A. Pereau, whose family had settled in Missouri
during the Spanish regime. Having sold the Neivs in 1873 he
became for a short time editor of and contributor to a literary
publication in St. Joseph. During 1873-75 he was the editor
and publisher of the Montgomery, Mo., Standard. In 1880 he
established the Historical Publishing Company in St. Louis, with
branches In Boston, Philadelphia, Richmond, Toronto, Chicago,
and other important cities. The panic of 1893-96 put an end
to this enterprise, which previously had been markedly successful.
In 1898 he edited the Mississippi Valley Democrat in St. Louis.
In 1906 he was the editor of the "United States Encyclopedia"
and an assistant editor of the "Encyclopedia Americana."

Mr. Bryan is the author, among other works, of "Footprints
of the World's History" (1893), "America's War for Human-

X INTRODUCTION

ity" (1898), "Our Islands and Their People" (1900). He also
completed eight of the volumes of Ridpath's "History of the
United States," which were left unfinished when that author was
overtaken by death. In like manner he completed the last three
volumes of the same historian's "Universal History." He is now
busily at work on a book to be called "Episodes in the Life of
Daniel Boone," which he hopes to publish in the near future.

* * * *

As was said above, "Pioneer Families" is a unique book.
It is one of the most remarkable genealogical feats ever at-
tempted. Here, indeed, the reader's disappointment will be great
if he looks for "scientific" pedigree or radial charts, or expects
to find evidence of learned fussing over musty town, state, or
national records. There is no evidence here that the "old family
Bible," or funeral sermons and historical orations had been
sought for far and near and carefully conned. There is no
reference to "family crests." Here we have only what is so mod-
estly stated in the brief preface, that "Mr. Rose has personally
visited one or more of each family whose history is given, and
from notes thus obtained the histories have been written." These
are mostly just a plain A begat B and B begat C. That there
was a conscientious effort to avoid errors is evident from the
further assertion that "Where differences occurred in the state-
ments of different members of the same family, we have care-
fully compared them and endeavored to sift the facts from each ;
and we feel confident that this book is as near correct as it is
possible for any work of the kind to be."

Here, furthermore, is no comparatively simple effort to trace
a single lineage backward to some distant ancestor. Here is
rather the much more ambitious and stupendous task to secure
through personal interviews with the people chiefly concerned
a reliable, even though only a skeleton record of over 800 fam-
ilies scattered over five counties which sprawled over an area of
2890 square miles of territory that was quite innocent of what
are now considered to be traversable roads. But there can be
no doubt that it was precisely this intimate intercourse through-
out two or more years between Rose and the people in whom
he was interested that finally gave such a human, often such a
poignant human touch to these pages. The diverting anecdotes,
the serious and humorous stories, the historical incidents and
dramatic events that so often interrupt the otherwise dry gene-
alogies, the hilarious illustrations, are most entertaining and in-
structive features. They often fairly r^ek of the soil and are an

INTRODUCTION Xl

important contribution to the sometimes recklessly mendacious
folklore of those strenuous times. The passing of them from
mouth to ear around the logfires in winter or under the rustling
trees in summer must often have relaxed the over-strained nerves
of the pioneers.

* * * *
The "histories" are limited to those families which settled in
the above named five counties, which lie almost entirely north
of the Missouri River. Contemporary settlements in Pike, Boone,
Howard and Cooper counties are scarcely mentioned, and then
only casually. The very important French immigration (the so-
called Creoles, the Chouteaus, Gratiots, Cabannes, Papins, Pauls,
etc.) into St. Louis and its immediate vicinity is only lightly
touched upon. In his "Creoles of St. Louis" (1893) Paul Beck-
with does these full justice. The equally important though much
later German immigration is briefly sketched under a separate
heading. The very early influx into South-east Missouri is
entirely ignored. This latter omission is all the more strange
because as early as 1793 a Dr. Jesse Bryan, who had been a sur-
geon in the Continental Army, and a rather important member
of the Bryan clan, settled in what is now Ste. Genevieve County,
where he died in 1843. Furthermore, Mr. W. S. Bryan's grand-
father James got his wife, Mary Austin, from that region. Lack
of time and means no doubt sufficiently explain these omissions.
To have tried to compass the entire State would have been a
Herculean task indeed for our two amateur genealogists. Let
us be grateful for what they actually accomplished. However,
it is clear that the title of their book was somewhat too am-
bitious. "Some Pioneer Families of Missouri" would have been
better. "Some American Pioneer Families of Missouri" would
have defined its content yet more correctly. But, mayhap, this
is carrying criticism a bit too far.

^ *l* I* I*

To justify what was said above about the very early influx into
south-east Missouri, we briefly indicate here a few of the fam-
ilies which settled in that region:

Aubuchon, Antoine, and his wife Ellen N., were natives of
Ste. Genevieve County. Their son Francis was born there in
1812. He married Teressa Coleman, who bore him six chil-
dren. Of these, Ferdinand married Luella Brooks. They had
six children. After his first wife's death he married Annabella
Brannon. His brother Peter married Eliza A. Brickley. They

Xii INTRODUCTION

had eleven children. Adrian, another brother, married Paulina
Rouggly.

Cissell, Joseph, and his wife Mary Ann Miles, came from
Kentucky and settled in what is now Perry County in 1803.
They had five children. Their son Vincent married Carolina
French. Eight children were the fruits of this union. Lewis,
the second son, married Sarah Mattingly, who bore him nine
children. John V. married Melissa Brewer, and, after her death,
Theresa Brewer. Loretta married Wilfred Brewer. Leo F.
first married Katie Frazier, and, after her death, Louisa Brewer.
Emanuel married Emma Mattingly. Ezekiel married Louisa
Rankin. Kendrick married Alice Brewer. Jane F, married
William Difani.

DeLassus, Ceran E. and his wife Elenore Beauvais were natives
of Ste. Genevieve county. They had eleven children, of whom
Ceran F., the oldest, married Mattie E. Walton. They had sev-
eral children. Joseph L. married Josephine Stewart, who pre-
sented him with five children. Joseph R. married Elizabeth J.
Shelby.

Hagan, Aquilla, and his wife Mary Tucker, came from Ken-
tucky to Perry County in 1797. They had nine children. Of
these Rebeccah Ann married John Brewer, whose family settled
in Perry County in 1818. The Brewers had eight children. After
Rebeccah Ann's death her husband married Cecelia Layton. She
bore him ten children. Gregory, Rebeccah Ann's son, married
Sarah Riney. They had nine sons and four daughters.

Kenner, Francis, settled in Ste. Genevieve County from Ten-
nessee in 1802. He married Elizabeth Pillars in 1804. She bore
him sixteen children. Their son, Housand, married Ophelia
Duvall. They had six children.

Moore, James, came to Perry County in 1790. His son James
J. married Cecelia Manning, who bore him ten children. Of
these, Basil married Emma Burgee, and had by her six sons
and a daughter.

Obuchon, Francis, was born in Ste. Genevieve County in 1791.
In 1816 he married a widow Pratte. After her death he married
Judith Calliot, who bore him five children. Louis, their oldest
son, married Lucinda Perry. They had eight children.

Rozier (Rosier?), Ferdinand, was born in France in 1777,
and settled in Ste. Genevieve about 1810. He married Con-
stance Roy, of Illinois, in 1795. They had ten children. Firmin
A. married Mary M. Valle. Felix married Louise Valle. Charles

INTRODUCTION XIU

C. married Emily La Grave. Francis C. married Zee Valle.
Their son Henry L. was married twice, first to Mary A. Janis,
and then to Sallie M. Carlisle. The former bore him three sons,
the latter, two daughters. The Valles were connected by mar-
riage with the Chouteaus of St. Louis.

St. Gem, John Baptiste, a French-Canadian, settled at Kas-
kaskia, Illinois, during the last half of the eighteenth century.
John B. Jr., and Vital, his sons, were among the earliest settlers
west of the Mississippi. John B. Jr.'s son Augustus, born in Ste.
Genevieve in 1791, married Felicite Desile Le Clerc in 1821,
and by her had ten children. Of these, Gustavus married Eliza-
beth Skewes. They had three children.

Howard, Henry, settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1799.
His son, Hamilton B., married Sarah Daughtery. Their son
H. W. married Mary P. Shaver. After her death he married
Rachel G. Horrell. They had three children.

Barks, Humteel, located in Cape Girardeau County in 1800.
His son, Joseph, married Serena Parton. Their son Jonathon H.
married Josephine Snider. After her death he married Narcissa
Jones. George H., another son of Joseph, married Sarah New-
kirk. After her death he married Mary A. ProfiFer.

Tucker, Peter, came to Perry County early in the nineteenth
century. His son, Raymond, born in 1811, married Mary Mar-
tina Cissell. Their son Nereus married Tresa Tucker.

Tucker, Josiah, was born in Perry County in the early years
of the nineteenth century. He married Sarah Miles, by whom
he had eleven children. Simeon L married Mary A. Cissell.
They had five children. Leo P., another son of Josiah, married
Elizabeth McBride.

Layton, Joseph, settled in Perry County in 1808. His son
John B., married Elizabeth Hagan and by her had fifteen chil-
dren. Three of his sons had forty-six children among them.
Felix Layton married Melissa A. Layton. They had fifteen chil-
dren.

Kinder, Adam, settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1800.
His son, Joel, married Irene Thompson. After her death he
married Sarena Thompson. By the former he had Levi J., who
married Martha J. O'Neal. They had five children: Susan J.,
who married William J. Strong; Sarah E., who married John
Hamilton ; William M. ; Mary, who married Daniel Lape ; Martha
Ann, who married Jacob Thompson.

Beauvais, Joseph, and his wife Cecilia Obuchon, were natives

XIV INTRODUCTION

of St€. Genevieve County. His ancestors came from Canada to
the western territory during the first half of the eighteenth cen-
tury. They had two children, Eleanora and Peter. After the
death of his first wife, Joseph married a widow DeLassus. By
her he had two children, Matilda and Mary. His second wife
having died, Joseph married a widow Struve. His son Peter,
by his first wife, was born in 1815. He was twice married, first
to Elizabeth Henderson, who left him three children. His second
wife was Rachel Smith. Seven children blessed this union.

McCormick, Andrew, of Scotch-Irish descent, came to Amer-
ica before the Revolution. In 1807 he settled in Washington
County. His son, Joseph, married Jane Robinson. Of their
six children, James R. married B. N. Nance, who bore him two
children. Of these, Emmet C. was married twice. By his second
wife, Susan E. Garner, he had one child, James E.

Oliver, Thomas, of Virginia, served in the Revolutionary war.
His son, John, settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1819. He
first married a Miss Cobb. After her death he married Margaret
Sloan, and had four children: Louella, John F., R. B., and
Henry C.

* * * *

Quite a number of what appear to be isolated individuals, both
men and women, flit like ghosts across the pages of the "histories."
Like Melchizedec, they have neither father nor mother. They
stir the reader's curiosity. Whence came they? Whither did
they go? The men folk of this transient company may have
been restless, roving individuals who tarried here and there only
long enough to "stake a claim" and to court and marry the
women of their choice and then either moved still farther west
into the unbroken wilderness, or returned to the eastward from
whence they came. But that does not explain the transient
women. Some of these came from Tennessee, Kentucky and
Virginia to be married to men to whom they had been previously
engaged, and then moved on with their new husbands. Some
of them, however, must have belonged to households on the
ground but which were omitted from the "histories" because
they had otherwise left no trace behind them. There were
numerous families that "settled" just long enough to raise a
crop or two, and then sought for pastures new, always hoping
to do better somewhere else.

^ •I* *l* *P

But that there was no pressure of subsistence upon the popula-
tion of those early days is abundantly demonstrated by the

INTRODUCTION

XV

enormous number of children per family frequently recorded in
the "histories." Of the more than 800 families dealt with, in
each of 244 there were more than ten children, or 3038 in all,
which means roughly 12.05 oflfspring per family ! No birth con-
trol then as now for, obviously, in the task of clearing the forests
and sowing and reaping the crops, children were a highly de-
sirable potential asset. But some of our pioneers seem to have
been just a bit inclined to overdo the production of these assets,
for no less than fifteen of the 244 families mentioned had among
them a small army of 365 children, or twenty-four per family!
One hardy and hearty pioneer had no less than twenty-nine sons
and daughters by two wives, two in sequence, not at one time.
Two each had twenty-eight by two wives. One had twenty-six
by two wives. One had twenty-four by two wives. One had
twenty-two by two wives. One had twenty-two by one wife.
One had twenty-two by six wives. Two had twenty-one by two
wives. One had twenty-one by three wives. One had twenty
by one wife. One had twenty by two wives. One had twenty
by three wives. Those were heroic days indeed!

* * * *
Consider the names with which some of those children were
burdened or adorned. Here is a list, picked at random:

Alcana

Barsheba

Ibby

Original

Aletha

Behethler

Icham

Parthana

Amazon

Clemency

Ithiel

Penina

Appalana

Crescentia

Kittura

Pleasant

Archa

Delphi

Mahala

Rutia

Arphaxad

Devolia

Martellus

Sedreia

Arsissa

Ehilcinea

Mecha

Tocal

Asap

Eglantine

Medora

Torcai

Assanith

Emmarilla

Mourning

Urila

Atha

Erretta

Ninian

Usurdus

Atossa

Feminine

Obedience

Zarina

Azal

Fortunatus

Orientha

Zelpha

And one poor girl whose surname was Money was baptized
Cautious !

However, to do our pioneers full justice in this matter of
nomenclature, it must be added that the great majority of the
names which they gave their children were beautifully simple.
They took them, for the most part, from the Bible, the book
with which they were most familiar either from their own read-
ing or because they heard it read and quoted by their missionary

xvi INTRODUCTION

preachers, often sons of the soil Uke themselves. A family roll
call sometimes sounded like a roster of the Twelve Apostles.
Every biblical name from Adam, through Melchizedec, to Zach-
ariah (except Satan!) is repeatedly met with. Elizabeth, Mary,
Rebeccah, and Sarah are in the majority for the girls, while
John, James, Joseph, and Samuel predominate for the boys. Out-
side of the Bible. Nancy and William are prime favorites.

* * * *

Just a glance at the illustrations in our volume. The two full-
page plates on which are reproduced the likenesses of some of the
more or less prominent pioneers, are lithographs made from old
daguerreotypes and photographs which the indefatigable Rose
collected during his peregrinations. The lithographing was done
by Charles Juehne, a German, located at 414 Olive St., St. Louis.
The picture of Daniel Boone was copied from Harding's portrait
of the frontiersman. Mr. Bryan's father, who knew Boone well,
used to say that it was a "speaking likeness" of the old hero,
though a bit thinner than usual owing to the subject's illness just
before the portrait was painted.

The crude woodcuts only too sparsely scattered here and there
through the text, most of them so divertingly preposterous, were
done by J. G. Harris & Co., also of St. Louis, and located at 416
North 2nd St. They are the artist's (?) quite original concep-
tion of what is supposed to be related in the context which, by
the way, he can not have conned very carefully. For example,
on page 508 he depicts one Skilt's adventure with wild turkeys.
Notice the enormous size of the two birds, which in the text are
said to be "just going into the clouds," and then compare it with
that of the woman standing on the ground. His idea of Linear
Perspective seems to have been exactly the reverse of the ortho-
dox theory ! Harris, the artist, claimed to be a pioneer himself
and therefore quite familiar with the grotesque scenes which he
reproduced. Comments Mr. Bryan to the writer: "I think he
must have been" a pioneer, and "perhaps he was related to Dick-
ens' famous Mrs. Harris in "Martin Chuzzlewit," the lady to
whom Sarah Gamp appealed for confirmation of all her state-
ments. And he adds: "I love them [the wood-cuts] so much
that I dream about them at night."

*l* •!* I* •!*

Merely to keep the record straight, attention may be drawn
to one or two historical statements that do not seem to be in
accord with the facts. On page 55 it is said that "eighty-one

INTRODUCTION XVU

years ago there was not an American settlement west of Ken-
tucky, and the Indians of Illinois, and all that vast territory lying
to the north, west and south-west, were undisturbed in their
hunting grounds." That is to say, of cqurse, that' this condition
existed eighty-one years before the publication date of "Pioneer
Families," which is 1876, therefore in 1795. But. as will be noted
below, there were actual American settlers in what is now Mis-
souri as early as 1787, and on the opposite side of the Mississippi,
in Kaskaskia, one hundred Americans signed a contract, in 1787,
with one Bartholomew Tardiveau, by which he engaged to be-
come their lobbyist in Washington to obtain from Congress cer-
tain grants of land.

On page 58 this statement occurs: "The first American settle-
ments in the present limits of the State of Missouri were made
in 1795, on Femme Osage creek, in what is now St. Charles
County." But one John Dodge had settled in what is now Ste.
Genevieve County as early as 1787, and Israel Dodge soon fol-
lowed him. Israel's daughter Nancy, by the way, married John
Sefton,. and their daughter Rebeccah married Auguste Rene
Chouteau. John Moore came to what is now Perry County in
1790, and it is on record that a Baptist preacher ministered to
the scattered Americans as early as 1794. It is a reasonable
assumption that they had arrived there at least a year or two
earlier. Dr. Jesse Bryan settled in Ste. Genevieve County in 1793.

* * * *

Finally, the reader's attention is called to the two very com-
plete indexes that have been added to this edition of "Pioneer
Families." They provide a long needed "open sesame" to the
entire contents of the book, but more especially to the "histories
of families." For the first time the seeker after the genealogical
lore contained in these pages will be able, almost in a moment,
to turn to practically every name that occurs in the "histories."
It is needless to point out what an invaluable feature this is of
the present edition. It transforms the work into a really serv-
iceable handbook of early Missouri genealogical data.

W. W. Elwang.
Columbia, Mo.

PAKT I.

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE.

One of the pioneers of Missouri, who is still living, in St.
Charles county, in his 79th year, and who knew Daniel Boone
intimately, as a youth knows an old man, thus describes his per-
sonal appearance during the last nineteen years of his life :

"He was below the average height of men, being scarcely five
feet eight inches, but was stout and heavy, and, until the last year
or two of his life, inclined to corpulency. His eyes were deep
blue, and very briUiant, and were always on the alert, passing
quickly from object to object, a habit acquired, doubtless, during
his hunting and Indian fighting experiences. His hair was gray,
but had been originally light brown or flaxen, and was fine and
soft. His movements were quick, active and lithe, his step soft
and springy, like that of an Indian. He was nearly always hum-
ming or whistUng some kind of a tune, in a low tone ; another
habit of his lonely days in the woods. He was never boisterous
or talkative, but always cool and collected, and, though he said
but little, his words carried weight with them, and were respected
and heeded by his hearers. I never saw him angry or disconcerted
in the least, and his manners were so kind and gentle towards
every one, that all who knew hirn loved him. During the last
year or two of his life, he became feeble and emaciated, and could
no more enjoy himself at his favorite pastime of hunting ; but his
grand spirit never faltered or clouded, and, to the day of his death,
he was the same serene, uncomplaining man he had always
been. "

2 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOLKI

The historian Peck, who visited Boone in 1818, two j'ears be-
fore his death, thus speaks of him :

" In boyhood I had read of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Ken-
tucky, the celebrated hunter and Indian-fighter ; and imagination
had portrayed a rough, fierce-looking, uncouth specimen of hu-
manitj', and, of course, at this period of life, a fretful and unat-
tractive old man. But in every respect the reverse appeared.
His high, bold forehead was slightly bald, and his silvered locks
were combed smooth ; his countenance was ruddy and fair, and
exhibited the simplicity of a child. His voice was soft and me-
lodious. A smile frequently played over his features in conversa-
tion. At repeated interviews, an irritable expression was never
heard. His clothing was the coarse, plain manufacture of the
family ; but everything about him denoted that kind of comfort,
which was congenial to his habits and feelings, and evinced a
happ}- old age.

" Eve rj- member of the household appeared to delight in ad-
ministering to his comforts. He was sociable, communicative in
replying to questions, but not in introducing incidents of his own
history. He was intelligent, for he had treasured up the experi-
ences and observations of more than fourscore years. • • • •
The impression on the mind of the writer, before a personal
acquaintance, that he was moody, unsocial, and desired to shun
society and civilization, was entirely removed. He was the
archetype of the better class Of western pioneers, benevolent,
kind-hearted, liberal, and a true philanthropist. That he was
I'igidly honest, aiKl one of nature's noblemen, need not be here
said. It is seen in his whole life. He abhorred a mean action,
and delighted in honesty and truth. • • • • He was strictly
moral, temperate, and chaste."

Th^ portrait which we give as a frontispiece, is from a
photograph of the painting made by Mr. Chester Harding, the
distinguished artist of Boston, who came to Missouri in 1820,
■at the request of Revs. James E. Welch and John M. Peck, ex-
pressly to paint the picture. Boone, at that time, was at the
home of his son-in-law, Mr. Flanders Callaway, near the village
of Marthasville, in Warren county. He was at first very much
opposed to having his portrait paintea, being governed by feel-
ings of modesty and a strong dislike to anything approaching
display or public attention ; but he was finally prevailed upon by
friends and relatives to sit for his picture. He was quite, feeble

LIFE OF DANIEL BOOXE 6

at the time, and was supported in his chair by Rev. Mr. Welch.
He wore his buckskin hunting shirt, trimmed with otter's fur, and
the knife that is seen in his belt, is the same that he carried with
iiim from North Carolina on his first expedition to Kentucky.

This picture is pronounced by persons who knew Boone in-
timately, to be a perfect likeness, and the following certiftcdte
from Rev. James E. Welch, who is still living, at Wai-rensburg,
Bio., may be of interest in this connection :

"I, James E. Welch, of Warrensburg, Johnson Co., Mo., here-
by certify that I believe this portrait to be a correct cop}- of Hard-
ing's picture of Col. Daniel Boone, which was painted in the
summer of 1820. I stood b}^ and held the Colonel's head while
the artist was painting it, and my impressions at the time were,
that it was an excellent likeness of the old pioneer, which I believe
was the onl}- picture ever taken of Col. Boone.

"Given under my hand, Mav 16, 1876.

"James E. Welch."

Daniel Boone was born in Bucks county, Penns3'lvania, October
22, 1734. His grandfather, George Boone, was a native of Eng-
land, and resided at Brandwich, about eight miles from Exeter.
In 1717 he emigrated to America, with his familj-, consisting of
his wife and eleven children, two daughters and nine sons. Soon
after his arrival in America he purchased a large tract of land in
what is now Bucks county, Pennsylvania, settled upon it, and
named it Exeter, after his native town. The township still bears
that name.

The names of only three of the eleven children have come down
to the present time, John, James, and Squire. The latter was
the father of Daniel Boone. He had seven sons and four dau^h-
ters, whose names are here given in the order of their births, from
information furnished by the late Daniel Bryan, the celebrated
gunsmith of Kentucky, who was a nephew of Daniel Boone :
Israel, Sarah, Samuel, Jonathan, Elizabeth, Daxiel, Mary,
(mother of Daniel Bryan), George, Edward, Squire, Jr., and
Hannah. The maiden name of the mother of these children was
Sarah Morgan.

When Daniel was a small boy, his father removed to Berks
county, not far from Reading, which was then a frontier settle-
ment, exposed to assaults from the Indians and abounding with
game. Panthers, wild-cats, and other dangerous wild animals
were numerous, and young Daniel, at a very early age, began to
exhibit both skill and courage in hunting them.

4: PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

One day, while out hunting, in company with several other boys,
a loud cry was heard ringing through the woods. They all
knew too well that the sound proceeded from the throat of a fero-
cious panther, and all except Boone fled in terror. He bravely
stood his ground, and shot the panther dead just as it was in the
act of springing upon him.

'This and other similar incidents soon gave him an enviable
local reputation, which was a forerunner of his national celebrity
at a later period.

Boone's school days were short, and his education, so far as
book knowledge was concerned, imperfect. The school houses
of that period (a few specimens of which are still to be seen in
some of our frontier settlements) were built of rough, unhewn
logs, notched together at the corners, and the spaces between
them filled with mud and sticks. A large chimney, built of sticks
and plastered with mud, supported at the back and sides, where
the fire burned, with a wall of stones, stood at one end; a hole
cut in the side, and closed with a frame of puncheons, or often
with nothing more than a blanket or the skin of some wild animal,
constituted the door, while a window was made on the opposite
side by removing a log and covering the aperture with a pun-
cheon, fastened to the log above "with hinges of raw hide, which
admitted of its being raised or lowered as the weather and light
permitted. No glass was used, as it could not be had. The earth
formed the floor — rough clapboards, fastened with .wooden pins,
or weighted down with poles and stones, the roof, and the seats
were made by splitting saplings in the middle and setting them,
with the flat side upward, on four pins for legs, two at each end.
The only writing desk was an inclined puncheon, supported-on
wooden pins that were driven into the logs.

It was in such a school house as this, surrounded by a dense
forest that furnished fuel for the fire, and near a spring of spark-
ling water that provided draughts for the thirsty, that Boone re-
ceived his education, which embraced only a few easy lessons in
spelling, reading, arithmetic and writing.

His school days came to a sudden and rather violent end. The
teacher, a dissipated Irishman, kept his bottle of whisky hid ia
a thicket near the school house, and visited it frequently dur-
ing the day for refreshment and consolation. The boys "no-
ticed that after these visits he was always crosser and used the
rod more freely than at other times, but they did not suspect the

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 5

cause. One day, young Boone, while chasing a squirrel, came
accidentally upon the teacher's bottle, and at the first opportunity
informed his playmates of his discovery. They decided, upon
consultation, to mix an emetic with the liquor, and await the re-
sult. The emetic was procured that night, and promptly placed
in the bottle next morning. A short time after school opened, the
teacher retired for a few minutes, and when he came back he Avas
very sick and very much out of humor. Daniel Boone was called
up to recite his lesson in arithmetic, and upon his making a slight

DANIEL BOONE WHIPS THE SCHOOL MASTER.

mistake, the teacher began to flog him. The boy, smarting with
pain, made known the secret of the whisky bottle, which so en-
raged the school master that he laid on harder and faster than
ever. Young Boone, being stout and athletic for his age, grap-
pled with the teacher ; the children shouted and roared, and the
scuffle continued until Boone knocked his antao^onist down on the
floor, and fled out of the room.

Of course the story spread rapidly over the neighborhood, and
the teacher was dismissed in disgrace. Daniel was rebuked by
his parents ; and so ended his school days.

When Daniel was about eighteen years of age, his father moved

b PIONEER FAJIILIES OF MISSOURI

his family to North Carolina, and settled on the Yadkin river, in
the north-western part of the State, about eight miles from
Wilkesboro. Here game was abundant, and the young hunter
spent much of his time in the pursuit of his favorite amusement.

He was often accompanied on his hunting expeditions by one
or more of the sons of Mr. William Bryan, a well-to-do farmer,
who lived near his father's, who was blessed with a number of
stalwart sons and blooming daughters. Their association and
mutual love of hunting soon begot a strong friendship, which last-
ed through life ; and, being strengthened and cemented by inter-
marriage and continued association, was transmitted through
their children to future generations, and the two families are still
closely allied by ties of blood and friendship.

But it was not fai'mer Bryan's sons, alone, that drew Daniel
Boone so often to the house. There were other attractions there
in the bright eyes of a daughter named Rebecca, and it soon be-
came whispered about that Daniel was courting her. These whis-
perings were at length confirmed by the announcement of the
approaching wedding, which came off in due time, and was cele-
brated in the most approved style of the times.

Rebecca Bryan was a very attractive, if not really a handsome
young woman, and the love which she inspii^ed in the breast of
young Boone never cooled or abated- during their long and event-
ful married life. Each was devoted to the other, and the dangers
and hardships through which they passed cemented their love
and drew them more closely together. She was in every respect
a fit companion and helpmeet for the daring pioneer.

Nine children resulted from this marriage, viz. : James, Israel,.
Susanna, Jemima, Lavinia, Daniel M., Rebecca, Jesse, and
Nathan.

James, the eldest son, was killed by the Indians, in his 16th
year, while his father was making his first attempt to move his^
family from North Carolina to Kentucky. The particulars of
this sad event will be given elsewhere.

Israel was killed at the battle of Blue Licks, in Kentucky,
August 19, 1782, in his 24th year.

Susanna married William Hayes, an Irishman, and a weaver by
trade. They lived in St. Charles county. Mo., and she died in?
her 40th year.

Jemima married Flanders Callaway, and lived in what is now
Warren county. Mo. She died in 1829, in her (wth year. While

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 7

the family were living in the fort at Boonesborough, Ky., she and
two 3'oung fi'iends, Betty and Frances Callaway, daughters of
Col. Richard Callaway, were captured by the Indians wliile gath-
ering wild flowers on the opposite bank of the Kentucky river,
which they had crossed in a canoe. They were pursued by Boone
and Callaway and six other men, and recaptured the following
day.

Lavinia married Joseph Scholl, and lived in Kentuck}'. She
died in her 36th year.

Daniel M. married a jMiss Lewis, of Missouri, and died July
13, 1839, in his 72d year. He settled in Darst Bottom, St.
Charles county, in 1797, but moved to Montgomery county in
1816. He held several important positions under the government,
and during the Indian war was appointed Colonel of the militia.
He made most of the early government surveys in the present
counties of St. Charles, Warren, Moutgomeiy, and Lincoln. At
the time of his death he was living in Jackson county. In person-
al appearance he resembled his father more than any of the other
children. He was below the medium height, and stoutly built
had light hair, blue eyes, fair complexion, and his voice was like
a woman's.

Rebecca, the youngest of the four daughters, married Phillip
Goe, and lived and died in Kentucky.

Jesse married Cloe Vanbibber, and settled in 3Iissouri in 1819.
He had received a good education, and became a prominent and
influential man before his death, which occurred in 1821, at St.
Louis, while serving as a member of the first Missouri Legisla-
ture. His children were, Alonzo, Albert G., James M., Van D.,
Harriet, Minerva, Pantha, and Emily.

Nathan Boone, the youngest child of Daniel Boone, came to
Missouri in 1800. He married Olive Vanbibber, a sister of Jesse
Boone's wife, and they had thirteen children, viz : James, How-
ard, John, Delinda, Malinda, Mary, Susan, Xancy, Jemima, La-
vinia, Olive, Melcina, and Mahaley. Nathan Boone was also a
surveyor, and made a number of government sur\'eys. At the
commencement of the Indian war of 1812-1815 he raised a com-
pany of rangers, and received his commission as Cai)tain from
President Madison in March, 1812. In August, 1833, he was
commissioned Captain of dragoons by President Jackson, and
during President Polk's administration he was promoted to JIajor
of dragoons. In 1850 he was again promoted, and received his

8 PIOXEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of dragoons from President
Fillmore. He died October 16, 1856, in his 76th year; and his
wife died November 12, 1858, in her 75th year.

Nathan and Jesse Boone were tall, square-shouldered, power-
fully built men, with light hair and blue eyes, like their father.

For several years after his marriage, Boone followed the occu-
pation of a farmer, going on an occasional hunt, when the loss of
time would not interfere with the proper cultivation of his crops.

But as the population increased, his neighborhood began to fill
up with a class of citizens who possessed considerable means, and
were somewhat aristocratic in their habits, which, of course, did
not suit Boone and his plain backwoods associates, who longed for
the wild, free life of the frontier. Several companies were, at
different times, organized and penetrated the wilderness along the
head waters of the Tennessee river, in quest of game, and, finally,
in 1764, Boone and a small party of hunters proceeded as far as
Kock Castle, a branch of the Cumberland river, and within the
present boundaries of Kentucky. This expedition was undertaken
at the solicitation of a companj^ of land speculators, who employed
Boone to ascertain and report concerning the country in that
quarter. He was highly pleased with the country, climate, abun-
dance of game, etc., but owing to his duties at home, he did not
make another expedition to Kentucky until 1769.

In 1767 a hunter named John Finley, accompanied by two or
three companions, proceeded as far as the Kentucky river, and
spent a season in hunting and trading with the roving bands of
Indians. To them the country seemed almost a paradise, and
upon their return to North Carolina they gave such a glowing
description of it that Boone and several of his neighbors decided
to go on an excursion there ; but several months elapsed before
their arrangements could be completed.

A party of six was formed, and Boone chosen their leadei-. His
companions were John Finley, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James
Moncey, and "William Cool. They set out on their perilous journey
May 1, 1769, and by the 17th of June they were in the heart of the
Kentucky wilderness. They carried nothing with them except their
rifles, tomahawks, knives and ammunition. They slept in the
woods, without covering, and depended for food upon the game
they killed each day. Their dress consisted of a loose, open
frock, made of dressed deer skin, and called a hunting shirt ; leg-
gins, made of the same material, covered their lower extremities,

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 9

to which was appended a pair of moccasins for the feet. A cap,
made of beaver or raccoon skin, covered their heads, and the capes
of tlieir hunting shii'ts and seams of their leggins were ornamented
with leather fringe. Tlieir under-clothing, when they wore any,
was made of coarse cotton.

Such a suit as this would stand almost any amount of wear and
tear, and it was what the}- needed in climbing the rocky moun-
tains and forcing their way through the dense thickets of under-
growth and briars that lay in their course. No thorn or briar
could penetrate the heavy deer skin, and they could tread upon
the most venomous serpent with impunity, as its fangs could not
reach their flesh.

Vast herds of buffalo roamed over the prairies and through the
wilderness of Kentucky, at that time, and Boone and his com-
panions spent the summer in hunting them, and examining the
country. It is generally supposed that the scene of their sum-
mer's operations lay in what is now Morgan county, on the waters
of Red river, a branch of the Kentucky.

And here we must correct an error that has existed since the
earliest settlement of Kentucky, in regard to the meaning of the
name. Kain-tuck-ee is a Shawnee word, and signifies, "at the head
of the river." The repeated statement that it meant "dark and
bloody ground," is a fiction.

The habits of the buffalo are peculiar. In moving from one
place to another they travel in vast herds, and always go in a
stampede. The cows and calves, and old and decrepid ones are
placed in front, while the stout and active ones bring up the rear.
Nothing will stop or turn them, and woe to any that stumble and
fall, for they are immediately trampled to death by those behind.
"When a ravine, creek, or river comes in their way, they plunge
in and swim across, the weak and timid ones being forced in by
the strong. If any living thing gets in their way, death is the
inevitable result.

On two occasions Boone and his companions came near being
trampled to death in this way, and nothing but their presence of
mind saved them. One time they sprang beh'nd trees, and as the
buffaloes passed on either side, they coolly punched them
with the breeches of their guns, and laughed to see them jump and
bellow. The next time, however, they were in the open prairie,
with no trees to protect them. Death seemed unavoidable, for the
herd was so large that it extended a mile or moio on either side,

10 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and the speed of the fleetest horse could not have carried them
out of danger. To run, therefoi-e, was useless, and nothing ap-
parently remained but to stand and meet their fate, terrible as it
might be. Several of the party were unnerved by fright, and be-
gan to bewail their fate in the incoherent language of terror. But
Boone remained perfectly cool. "Now, boys," said he, "don't
make fools of yourselves, for I will bring 3'ou out of this scrape
yet. ' ' As the herd approached, he carefully examined the flint and
priming of his gun, to see that all was right. By this time the
buffaloes were within thirty yai'ds of him, when coolly raising his
rifle to his shoulder, he glanced along the bright barrel, touched
the trigger, and the sharp report rang out above the roar of the
rushing bisons. A large bull in the front rank, plunged forward,
and fell, mortally wounded and bellowing, at their very feet.
As the herd came on they would snort and spring around their
wounded companion, and thus a lane was opened through
their ranks, and the hunters were saved.

In December they divided into two parties, for the greater con-
venience of hunting, and that their observations might be extended
over a lai-ger area of country. Boone and Stewart formed one
party, and on the twent3'-seeond of December they were on the
banks of the main Kentucky river. In the evening of that day,
as they were descending a small hill near the river, a party of In-
dians rushed out of a thick cane-brake, and made them prisoners.
They offered no resistance, for they knew it would be useless, the
odds being so great against them, but quietly handing their guns
and accouterffients to their captors, they signified their willingness
to obey whatever commands might be given to them. In fact,
for the purpose of deceiving the Indians and throwing them off
their guard, they pretended to be well pleased with their new as-
sociates, and went along with them as cheerfully as if they were
all out on a hunting expedition together.

So completely were the Indians deceived that they kept very
little guard over their prisoners, but suffered them to do pretty
much as they pleased, and treated tliem with marked hospitality.
At night they all lay down and went to sleep, seeming to feel no
apprehension that the white men might try to escape.

Thus the time passed until the seventh night, when Boone, hav-
ing matured his plans, decided to make an attempt to escape.
Great caution was necessary, lest the savages should awake and.
discover them. Any attempt to run away, where kindness and

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 11

hospitality have been shown to a captive, is a mortal offense to an
Indian, and can only be atoned for by the death of the offender.

Late at night, when the Indians were in their deepest slumbers,
Boone gently awakened Stewart, and by signs and whispers made
known his purpose. Securing their guns, knives, etc., the two
hunters quietly stole away, and successfully made their escape.

They took their course as near as possible in the direction of
their old hunting camp, and traveled all the balance of that night
and the next day. But when they reached it they found it de-
serted and plundered. No trace of their friends could be found.
Boone and Stewart supposed they had become disheartened and
returned to North Carolina, but in this they were mistaken ; and
from that day to this no clue to the fate of the balance of the party
has ever been discovered. The most probable conclusion is, that
they were killed by the Indians, and their remains devoured by
wild animals.

Boone and his companion continued their hunting, but with
more caution, for their ammunition had begun to fail, and their
late experience led them to be more vigilant in guarding against
surprise by the Indians.

One day, early in January, 1770, while hunting in the woods,
they discovered two men at some distance from them, and being
in doubt as to whether they were white men or Indians, Boone
and his companion grasped their rifles and sprang behind trees.
The strangers discovered them at the same time, and began to ad-
vance and make signs that they were friends. But this did not
satisfy Boone, who very well knew that the Indians often resorted
to such tricks to deceive their enemies and throw them off their
guard. So he gave the challenge, "Halloe, strangers! who are
you?" The answer came back, "White men, and friends."

Imagine Boone's surprise and delight upon discovering in one-
of the strangers his brother. Squire Boone, who, in company with
another adventurer, had come from North Carolina in search of
his long absent brother, bringing news from his family, and fresh
supplies of powder and lead. They had traced the white hunters
by their camp fires and other signs, and only an hour before the
meeting, had stumbled upon their camping place of the previous
night.

This happy meeting infused new life and spirit into the entire
party, and they continued their hunting with renewed energy and
zeal.

12 I'lOXEER FAMILIES OK SIISSOURI

But only a few days elapsed before a sad misfortune befel
them. Daniel Boone and Stewart while hunting in company, at
some distance from their camp, were again attacked by a part}'
of Indians. Stewart was shot and scalped, but Boone made his
escape. Still another misfortue befel them shortly after this.
The man who had come with Squire Boone from North Carolina,
went into the woods one morning, and did not return. The two
brothers supposed he was lost, but after several days of diligent
search, they gave him up, supposing he had taken that method to
desert them and make his way back to the settlements. But he
■was never seen alive again. Long afterward, a decayed skeleton
and some fragments of clothing were discovered near a swamp,
and these were supposed to be his remains. The manner of his
death was never known, and by some unaccountable oversight his
name was never made public.

The brothers were now entirely alone, but thej' were not de-
spondent or indolent. They continued their hunting during the
day, and sang and talked by their fires at night. The}' built a
rough cabin to protect themselves from the weather, and, though
surrounded by dangers on all sides, thej' were contented and
happy.

As spring approached, their ammunition began to fail, and
it was decided that Squire Boone should return to North Car-
olina for fresh supplies.

On the 1st of May the brothers shook hands and separated.
Squire took up the line of march for the settlements on the
Yadkin river, more than five hundred miles distant, leaving Dan-
iel alone in the wilderness.

For several days after the departure of his brother, he was op-
pressed by a feeling of loneliness, and his philosophy and fortitude
were put to a severe test. In order to relieve himself from this
feeling, and to gain a. more extended knowledge of the countrj^
he made long tours of observation to the south-west, and explored
the country along the waters of Salt and Green rivers.

The time for his brother's return having arrived, he retraced
his steps to their old camp, and upon his arrival there discovered,
by unmistakable signs, that it had been visited by Indians. His
absence, therefore, had doubtless saved him fi'om capture, and
perhaps death.

On the 27th of July his brother returned, and a joyful meeting
ensued. He rode one horse, and led another heavily ladened with

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 13

the necessaries required. His brother's family he reported to be
in good health and comfortable circumstances, which afforded
great consolation and relief to the long absent husband.

Convinged that the portion of country they were now in was in-
fested by bands of Indians, and that the horses would most like-
ly excite their cupidity and lead to their capture, they decided
to change their location. Acting upon this decision, they left
their old camping ground, and proceeded to the country lying
between Cumberland and Green rivers, which they thoroughly ex-
plored. They found the surface broken and uneven, abounding in
what are called sink holes, or round depressions in the earth,
which are not unusual in cavernous limestone regions ; the timber
was scattering and stunted ; the soil seemed thin and poor, and
they soon became dissatisfied with that portion of the country.

In March, 1771, they returned by a north-eastern direction,
to the Kentucky river, where the soil appeared more fertile, and
the country more heavily timbered ; and here they resolved to fix
the site of their projected settlement.

Having now completed their observations, they packed up as
much peltry as their horses could carry, and departed for their
homes on the Yadkin river, determined, as soon as possible, to
return with their families and settle permanently in Kentucky.

It was a joyful meeting that took place between Daniel Boone
and his family, for he had been absent two years, during which
time he had seen no other human being except his travelling com-
panions and the Indians who had taken him prisoner, and had
tasted neither bread nor salt. And of the party of six who left
the Yadkin two 3'ears before, he alone lived to return. Any one
less enamored of frontier life, would have been disheartened
at these trials, and satisfied to spend the remainder of his days
in the enjoyment of a quiet domestic home. But he seemed to
regard himself, during his entire life, as an instrument in the
hands of Providence for opening and settling up the western wil-
derness, and acted as much from a sense of duty as a love of
adventure.

Notwithstanding Boone's anxiety to remove his family to the
hunting grounds of Kentucky, more than two years elapsed be-
fore he had completed his arrangements for so doing. He had
no trouble in persuading his wife and family to accompany him,
for they were willing and anxious to follow wherever he would
lead. They had seen enough of frontier life to know its dangers,

14 PIOKEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and realize the discomforts and inconveniences they would have to
endure ; but these did not deter them, for the pioneer women of
those days were as daring and self-sacrificing in their sphere as
their husbands, sons and brothers. Moreover, they had bright
dreams of vast plantations and future wealth for their children
and descendants in the midst of the rich forests of Kentucky,
where land could then be had for the occupation ; and these
visions no doubt had their influence in nerving them to meet the
perils of a pioneer life.

On the 25th of September, 1773, Daniel and Squire Boone,
with their families, bade farewell to their friends on the Yadkin,
and set out on their march for the distant land of Kentucky. A
drove of pack-horses carried their provisions, clothing, bedding,
ammunition, etc., and a number of milk cows, driven b}- the
3'oung men, supplied nourishment for the children.

At Powell's Valley, througii which their route lay, they received
an accession to their party of five families and forty well armed
men. This valuable reinforcement gave them new courage, and
the}' proceeded on their way with lighter hearts and increased
confidence. But they soon met with a misfortune that changed
the whole aspect of affairs, and caused the expedition to be aban-
doned for the time being.

Their route led them over Powell's, Wallen's, and Cumberland
mountains, it having been marked out by the brothers on their
return from their previous expedition. In the latter range, near
the junction of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, there is a
singular opening, now called "Cumberland Gap," and it was
through this the party intended to pass. As they were approach-
ing it, seven of the yoang men, who had charge of the cattle,
and who had fallen some five or six miles in the rear of the main
body, were suddenly and furiously attacked b}' a party of In-
dians. Six were killed on tlie spot. The seventh, though vm-
armed, made his escape, and the cattle were dispersed in the
woods. Among the slain was James Boone, the eldest son of
Daniel, who, in the opening promise of manhood, thus fell a victim
to savage ferocity.

The rest of the party heard the firing, and hastily returned to
the scene of the massacre, but too late to save their friends. The
Indians were driven off, and the dead buried, in the midst of the
lamentations and tears of their friends and relatives.

The emigrants were so disheartened and terrified by this ca-

I.IFK OF DANIEL BOON'E 15

lamity, that a retreat was resolved upon ; and they returned to
the settlements on Clinch river, in the south-western part of Vir-
ginia, forty miles from the scene of the massacre.

Here Boone remained until June, 1774, when a messenger from
Governor Dunmore arrived in the settlement, with a request from
hiin that Daniel -Boone would go immmediately into the wilder-
ness of Kentucky and conduct from thence a party of surveyors,
who were believed to be in great danger from the Indians.
Boone was now in his fortieth year, with finely developed physical
powers, and a mind well trained for the work that lay before him.
He set out immediately, in company with another pioneer named
Michael Stoner, and in sixty-two days they had performed the
journey, accomplished their object, and returned home, having
traveled in that time, eight hundred miles, on foot.

Among the partj- of surveyors which Boone and his compan-
ion had thus rescued, were Thomas Bullet, Hancock Taylor,
James Harrod, and James, Robert, and George McAfee, several
of whom afterward settled in Kentucky, and established f^imilies
that are still in existence in that State.

During Boone's absence in Kentucky, several tribes of Indians,
whose country lay to the north-west of the Ohio river, commenc-
ed open hostilities against the white settlers, and upon his return
he was appointed to the command of three contiguous garrisons
on the frontier, with the commission of captain. Several skir-
mishes ensued at diffei-ent times, and the campaign finally ended
with the battle of Point Pleasant, at the junction of the Great
Kenhawa and Ohi6 rivers, in which the Indians were routed and
dispersed, although their numbers greatlj- exceeded those of
their opponents. The white troops consisted of eleven hundred
men, in three regiments, commanded by General Andi-ew Lewis.
The Indians were commanded by the celebrated chief Cornstalk,
who led them with great courage and sagacity.

At the close of hostiUties, Boone returned to his family-, and
spent the following winter in hunting.

Early in 1775, he was emplo3'ed bj' a companj' of land specula-
tors, called the Transylvania Company, who had purchased large
bodies of land in Kentucky, from the Indians, to explore the
country and open a road from the settlements on the Holston to
the Kentucky river. He was supplied with a company of well
armed men, and proceeded at once to the task assigned him,
which he found to be a very difficult one. Hills, mountains, and

16 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

rivers had to be crossed, thick cane-brakes and dense forests
penetrated, and all in the face of a vigilant, wily, and treacher-
ous Indian foe. On the 22d of March, 1775, when they had ar-
rived within fifteen miles of the future site of Boonesborough,
they were fired upon by the Indians, and two of the party were
killed and two wounded. Three days afterward they were again
fired upon, and two more men were killed and three wounded.

The following letter from Boone to Col. Richard Henderson,
president of the land company by which he was employed, ex-
plains these two afl"airs in his own language :

"April 1st, 1775.
" Dear Colonel,

" After my compliments to you, I shall acquaint you with
our misfortune. On March the 25th, a party of Indians fired on
my company about half an hour before day, and killed Mr. Twit-
ty and his negro, and wounded Mr. Walker very deeply, but I
hope he will recover.

" On March the 28th, as we were hunting for provisions, we
found Samuel Tate's son, who gave us an account that the Indians
fired on their" camp on the 27th day. My brother and I went
down and found two men killed and scalped, Thomas McDowell
and Jeremiah McPeters. I have sent a man down to all the lower
companies in order to gather them all to the mouth of Otter Creek.
My advice to you. Sir, is, to come or send as soon as possible.
Your company is desired greatly, for the people are very uneasy,
but are willing to stay and venture their lives with you ; and now
is the time to flusterate their (the Indians') intentions, and keep
the country, whilst we are in it. If we give way to them now, it
will ever be the case. This day we start from the battle ground,
for the mouth of Otter Creek, where we shall immediately erect a
fort, which will be done before you can come or send ; then we
can send ten men to meet you, if you send for them.

" I am, Sir, your most obedient

"Daniel Boone.

" N. B. We stood on the ground and guarded our baggage
till day, and lost nothing. We have about fifteen miles to Can-
tuck, at Otter Creek. "

Boone having selected a site on the banks of the Kentucky riv-
er, they began, on the Ist day of April, to erect a stockade fort,
which was called Boonesborough. This was the first permanent
settlement of whites within the limits of Kentucky.

During the building of the fort they were constantly hartassed
by the Indians, who seemed stung to madness at the idea that
white people should presume to erect houses on their hunting

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 17

grounds. But they could not prevent the work from progressing,
and by the middle of June the fort was so far completed as to
afford protection against their assaults.

This fort was built in the form of a parallelogram, about two
hundred feet long, and one hundred and seventy-five broad. At
the four corners there were projecting block-houses, built of hewn
logs, fitted close together, and well supplied with port holes for
rifles. The spaces immediately adjoining these block-houses were
filled with stockades for a short distance, and the remaining spaces
on the four sides, except tile gateways, were filled with rough log
cabins, built close together, and likewise supplied with port holes
for rifles. The two gates were placed on opposite sides, and were
constructed of puncheons or split slabs, strongly barred together,
and hung with heavy wooden hinges. The plan of this fort was
followed in the construction of all the others that were subse^
quently erected, both in Kentucky and Missouri.

The fort having been completed, Boone left his men to guard it
and prepare ground for a crop of corn and vegetables, while he
returned to Clinch river for his family.

Nothing of importance occurred during this trip, or the return
to Boonesborough, which they reached in safety. Mrs. Boone
and her daughters were the first white women that ever stood on
the banks of the Kentucky river, which are now in the midst of
the blue-grass region, so famous for its beautiful and accomplish-
ed women.

Shortly after the arrival of Boone and his family, three other"
families joined them, viz : McGary, Ilogan, and Denton. These
were soon joined by others, and the little settlement began to
assume a flourishing aspect.

In the summer of 1775 other stations and settlements were es-
tablished in the new territory ; and the strength and confidence
of the whites increased daily. Harrod's and Bryan's Stations,
and Logan's Fort were built about this time. Bryan's Station was
besieged by the Indians several times, and a number of fights oc-
curred at and near it ; so that it became one of the principal
points among the white settlements. The city of Lexington was
also established during the summer of 177.5. A party of hunters
wliile encamped on the site of the future town, were joined by an
emigrant, who brought news of the opening events of the revolu-
tion, and the battle of Lexington. PlKcited by their patriotic

18 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

feelings, the hunters immediately decided to name their encamp-
ment Lexington, in honor of the first battle for freedom.

The spring of 177(3 opened auspiciously for the new settlers.
The Indians, though by no means friendly, made no direct at-
tacks upon them, and being comparatively unmolested, they pro-
ceeded to clear away the brush and ' ' deaden ' ' the timber around
their stations and forts, preparatory to planting the summer's
crops. In the mean time their food consisted of the game the}''
killed in the woods, and such supplies as they had brought with
them from the older settlements.

Thus the time passed quietly away until the 14th day of July,
1776, when the whole country was thrown into a state of excite-
ment and anxiety by the capture of Jemima Boone and Betsy and
Frances Callaway, daughters of Col. Eichard Callaway, who had
moved to Kentucky early that spring. Tlie girls were about
fourteen years of age, were devoted friends, and spent most of
their time together. On the evening of their capture they were
amusing themselves by rowing along the river in -a canoe, which
they handled with great dexterity. Anticipating no danger, and,
being governed bj' the desire that possesses all human beings, to
know what lies beyond tliem, they crossed over to the opposite
shore. Here the attention of the girls was caught by a cluster of
•wild flowers, and desiring to possess them, they turned the prow
of the canoe toward the shore. The trees and shrubs were thick,
and extended down to the water's edge, affording a safe shelter
for a band of Indians who lay concealed there. Just as one of the
girls was in the act of grasping the flowers, an Indian slid stealth-
ily down the bank into the water, and seizing the rope that hung
at the bow of the canoe, turned its course up stream, in a direc-
tion to be hidden from the view of the fort by a projecting point.
At the same time four other Indians appeared with drawn toma-
hawks and knives, and intimated to the girls by signs and mo-
tions that if they caused any alarm they would be killed on the
spot. But, terrified at their sudden and unexpected capture, the
girls shrieked for help. Their cries were heard at the fort, but
too late for their rescue. The canoe was the only means the gar-
rison had of crossing the river, and that was now on the opposite
side and in possession of the enemy. None dared to swim the
stream, fearing that a large body of Indians were concealed in the
woods on the opposite bank.

Boone and Callaway were both absent, and night set in before

LIFE OF DANIKL BOONE 19

tkeir return, and arrangements could be made for pursuit. The
following account of the pursuit and recapture of the girls is given
by Col. Floyd, who was one of the pursuing party :

"Next morning by daylight we were on the track, but found
they had totally prevented our following them, by walking some
distance apart through .the thickest canes they could find.
We observed their course, and on which side we had left their
sign, and traveled upwards of thirty miles. We then imagined
that they would be less cautious in traveling, and made a turn in
order to cross their trace, and had gone but a few miles before we
found their tracks in a buffalo path ; pursued and overtook them
on going about ten miles, just as they were kindling a fire to cook.
Our study had been more to get the prisoners, without giving the
Indians time to murder them after they discovered us, than to kill
them.

"We discovered each other nearly at the same time. Four of
us fired, and all rushed on them, which prevented them from car-
rying away &uy thing except one shot gun without ammunition.
Mr. Boone and myself had a pretty fair shot, just as they began
to move off. I am well convinced I shot one through, and the
one he shot dropped his gun ; mine had none. The place was
very thick with canes, and being so much elated on recovering
the three little broken-hearted girls, prevented our making fur-
ther search. We sent them off without their moccasins, and not
one of them with so much as a knife or a tomahawk."

As stated elsewhere, Jemima Boone afterward married Flan-
ders Callaway, a son of Col. Richard Callaway, and brother to her
young friends with whom She was captured.

After this incident the settlers were more cautious, being con-
vinced that the country was infested by bands of hostile Indians,
who were watching each station for the purpose of picking up any
stragglers that might come in their way. Guards were therefore
placed around the corn fields where the men worked, and these
were relieved from time to time by the laborers in the fields, who,
in their turn, stood guard.

During the remainder of the Summer of 1776 they were greatly
harrassed by the Indians, jyho hardly suffered a day or night to
pass without making some kind of demonstration against one or
more of the stations ; and when fall came, they had produced so
great a panic among the whites that many of them left in conster-
nation, and returned to their old homes. It required all the ad-
dress and persuasion of the oldest and bravest of the pioneers
to prevent the settlements from being entirely deserted.

20 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

The following year, 1777, was a dai*k one for those who remain-
ed, and many of the bravest became discouraged. The stations
were frequently assailed by large bodies of Indians ; individuals
were shot and scalped by a concealed foe, and most of the cattle
and horses were destroyed or driven away.

The forts and stations at that time were very weakly manned,
and they could easily have been captured by a concentrated
movement of the savages. The entire effective force did not ex-
ceed one hundred men, and these were divided between some
three or four stations.

During these trying times Boone was not idle. As dangers
thickened and appearances grew more alarming, he became more
silent and thoughtful than usual ; and as the pioneei's, with their
loaded rifles in their hands, sat around their fires in the evening
and related tales of hair-breadth escapes from the Indians.
Boone would sit silently by, apparently unheeding their conversa-
tion, and busily engaged in mending rents in his hunting shirt and
leggins, moulding bullets, or cleaning his rifle. But he was their
undisputed leader in everything, and no enterprise of importance
was undertaken without first consulting him. Often, with one or
two trusted companions, but more frequently alone, he would
steal away into the woods as night approached, to reconnoitre the
surrounding forests, and see if he could find any signs of the
presence of an enemy. During the day, when not otherwise em-
ployed, he would range the country in the double capacity of
hunter and scout, and supply the garrison with fresh game, while
he kept himself fully informed as to the movements of the savage
foe. On these excursions, which often extended a long distance
from the fort, he would frequently meet new settlers, and con-
duct them in safety to the stations. Entirely unselfish, he was
always more ready to assist others, and to aid in all public enter-
prises, than to attend to his own interests, and it was this char-
acteristic that left him a poor man when he died.

During the winter of 1777-78 the people began to suffer greatly
for salt, the cost of bringing so heavy an article across the moun-
tains on horseback, being so great that but few of them could
aflford to use it. Theriefore, after considering the -matter, it was
decided that thirty men,'headed by Captain Boone, should take
such kettles as could be spared, and proceed to the Lower Blue
Licks, on Licking river, and there manufacture salt. They com-
menced operations on new year's da,y, 1778.

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 21

Boone filled the three positions of commander, hunter, and
scout, and kept the men supplied with meat while he guarded
against surprise by the Indians. They proceeded with their work
without being molested, until the 7th of February, when Boone^
who was hunting at some distance from the Lick, was surprised by
a party of more than one hundred Indians, accompanied by two
Canadians. He attempted to make his escape, but was soon over-
taken by some of their swiftest runners, and captured.

This party was on a winter's campaign (an unusual thing with
the Indians, and therefore unlooked for by the whites), to attack
Boonesbdrough. This information Boone obtained soon after his
capture, and "knowing that the weak and unsuspecting garrison
could not withstand an assault from so large a force, he was filled
with apprehension for their safety, and began to devise some
means to prevent the attack. He well understood the Indian
character, and knew how to manage them.

Pretending to be pleased with their company, he soon gaihcd
their confidence, and then made favorable terms with them for his
men at the Lick, assured that their capture would prevent an at-
tack upon the fort, and thus save the women and children. On
approaching the Lick, he advanced in front of his captors, and
made signs to the salt-makers to offer no resistance. They, hav-
ing perfect confidence in their leader, and knowing he had
obtained favorable terms for them, did as directed, and quietly
surrendered. The result proved Boone's sagacity. The expedi-
tion against Boonesborough was immediately abandoned, and the
Indians, with their prisoners, set out at once for their own
country. The generous usage promised before the capitulation
was fully complied with, and the prisoners were treated with all
the hospitality that could be expected from savages. They ar-
rived at Old Chillicothe, the principal Indian town on the Little
Miami, On the 18th of February, where most of them were sub-
sequently ransomed by the British authorities, and returned to
their friends.

Boone was afterward court-martialed for his conduct in this and
subsequent afl"airs, but upon investigation he was not only honor-
ably acquitted, but promoted for liis sagacity and foresight

On the 10th of March, 1780, Boone and ten of his companions
were conducted by forty Indians to Detroit, where they arrived on
the 30th, and were treated with great humanity by Governor
Hamilton, the British commander at that post. The fame of the

22 riONEEU FAMILIKS OK MISSOUKI

distinguished pioneer had preceded him, and this no doubt had
much to do with tlie generous treatment of himself and men.
The latter were ransomed and paroled, but the Indians refused a
ransom of one hundred pounds sterling which the Governor of-
fered for lioone. They professed a deep affection for him, and
declared their intention to take him back to their own country and
adopt him as one of their warriors. His reputation as a hunter
and fighter naturally led them to believe that he would be a valu-
able acquisition to any of their tribes.

This decision on their part greatly annoyed him, for he
was exceedingly anxious to return to his family in Kentucky, and
he now realized that it would be a long time before he would have
an opportunity of doing so.

But he was too shi'ewd to manifest any disappointment or vex-
ation in the presence of the Indians, for anything of the kind, or
the slightest attempt to escape, would have added tenfold to their
vigilance over him. So he pretended to be well pleased with
their determination, and expressed a desire to accompany them as
soon as the}'^ were ready.

They returned to Chillicothe in April, where he was adopted
by Blackfish, a distinguished Shawnee chief, after the Indiar»
fashion, to supply the place of a deceased son and warrior.

After his adoption he was regarded with great affection by his
Indian father and mother, .and was treated on all occasions with
marked attention as a distinguished hunter and mighty brave.
He took care to encourage their affection for him, and treated all
his fellow-warriors in the most familiar and friendly manner. He
joined them in their rifle and musket shooting games, and gained
great applause by his skill as a marksman ; but was careful not to
excel them too frequently, as nothing will so soon excite the envy
and hatred of an Indian as to be beaten at anything in which he
takes pride.

Afler he had been with them some time he was permitted to go
alone into the woods in quest of game, but his powder was always
measured to him and his balls counted, and when he returned he
was required to account in game for all the ammunition he could
not produce. But by using small charges of powder, and cutting
balls in halves, with which he could kill squirrels and other small
game, he managed to save a few charges of powder and ball for
use in case he should find an opportunity to escape.

One evening early in June, he was alarmed, upon returning

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 23

from his day's hunt, to see a large body of four hundred and
fifty warriors collected in the town, painted and armed for the
war-path. His alarm was greatly increased a few minutes later,
by learning that their destination was Boonesborough.

He at once decided to lose no more time, but make his escape
immediately, and proceed as rapidly as possible to the settlements
in Kentucky, and alarm the people in time to save them from a
general massacre.

That night he secreted about his person some jerked venison,
to sustain him during his long journey ; and early the next morn-
ing he left the Indian village, with his gun on his shoulder, as if
he were going into the woods for his usual day's hunt. But after
wandering about for some time, as if in quest of game, in order
to allay the suspicions of any spies that might follow him, and
having placed several miles between himself and the town, he
suddienly changed his course in the direction of Boonesborough,
and set off with all his might for his beloved home. The distance
exceeded one hundred and sixty miles, which he traveled in less
than five days, eating but one regular meal, which was a turkey
that he shot after crossing the Ohio river.

Until he left that stream behind him, his anxiety was very great,
for he knew that he would be followed, and being but an indiffer-
ent swimmer he anticipated trouble in crossing the river. But
he was rejoiced upon reaching its banks to find an old canoe that
had floated into the brush and lodged. There was a hole in one
end of it, but this he contrived to stop, and the frail vessel bore
him safely to the Kentucky shore.

His appearance at Boonesborough was almost like one risen
from the dead, and he was received by the garrison with joyful
shouts of welcome. His capture and journey to Detroit were
known by reports of prisoners who had escaped, but his friends
did not expect ever to see him again. His wife, despairing of
his retui'n; had conveyed herself and some of the children, on
pack-horses, to her father's home in North Carolina, and he keen-
ly felt the disappointment at not meeting her. The tongue of
calumny, too, ever ready to stir up strife, endeavored to bring
about a permanent separation of these two devoted people, but
without success, though it cost them both much trouble and an-
guish. This is a period of Boone's life that he never mentioned
to his most intimate friends, and justice indicates that the histo-
rian should also cover it with the mantle of silence. •

24 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

The garrison of the fort had become careless in their duties ;
had dispersed over the neighborhood in the pursuit of their vari-
ous occupations, and had suffered the works to get out of repair.
But the intelligence brought by Boone of the threatened invasion,
aroused them to a sense of their danger, and great activity at
once prevailed in making the necessary repairs and strengthening
the fortifications. Information soon reached them, however, that
on account of Boone's escape, the expedition had been aban-
doned for the present.

This gave them a short breathing spell, and Capt. Boone de-
cided to improve it to the best advantage. Early in August, with
a company of nineteen men,, he made an excursion into the In-
dian country, for the purpose of frightening them, and to send
out the impression that the whites were no longer so weak that
they needed to stand entirely upon the defensive.

When within a short distance of an Indian village on Paint
Creek, a branch of the Scioto, they met a party of thirty warriors
on their march for Kentucky. A battle ensued, in which one
Indian was killed and two wounded ; when the rest gave way
and fled. Three horses and all their baggage were captured,
while the Kentuckians maintained no loss whatever.

Learning that a large body of Indians, under the celebrated
chief Blackfish, who was Boone's adopted father while in captiv-
ity', supported by a few Canadians, commanded by Captain
Duquesne, were on the march for Boonesborough, the heroic
little band immediately started on their return to Kentucky. The
army of Indians and Canadians lay between them and their des-
tination, but they adroitly spied out their position, passed them
in safety, and reached Boonesborough in time to give the alarm.

On the 7th of September this formidable ami}' appeared before
the fort, and demanded its surrender "in the name of his Bri
tannic Majesty," with assurances of liberal treatment if the
demand were complied with. It was a critical moment, for the
garrison consisted of only from sixty to seventy men, with a large
number of women and children. If they offered resistance, and
were defeated, which seemed to be a foregone conclusion, in view
of the overpowering numbers of the enemy, all alike would fall
victims to the tomahawk and scalping knife ; but if they accepted
the terms offered, and surrendered, there was a possibility that
they would be saved.

In ttie mean time a dispatch had been sent to Col. Campbell,

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 25

on the Holston, for reinforcements, and if they could by any
means delay the attack until these were within reach, they
would be safe. At this critical juncture, Boone had recoui'se
to stratagem, in order to gain time. He requested that the gar-
rison be allowed two days to consider the proposition to surrender,
and his request being granted, the time was employed in collect-
ing the cattle and horses within the walls of the fort, and filling
every vessel with water from the spring, which was outside the
palisades. (By a singular oversight, the springs, both at Boones-
borough and Bryan's Station, were not enclosed within the walls
of the fortifications, and on several occasions, during the different
sieges that occurred, they were greatly pressed for water.) These
duties were performed by the women and girls, in order that the
enemy might have no opportunity to learn the real weakness of
the gariisou.

The arrangements having been completed. Captain Boone,
toward the close of the second da}', ascended one of the bastions
iind announced to Duquesne that tlie garrison had decided not to
surrender, and added: "We laugh at your formidable prepara-
tions, but thank you for giving notice and time to prepare for
denfence."

He expected an immediate assault, and the men were prepared
for it, but on the contrary, Duciucsne came forward with another
proposition for a surrender. He declared that his orders were to
take the garrison captives, and treat them as prisoners of war,
instead of murdering tliem ; and that tliey were prepared with
horses to convey the women and those who could not travel on
foot, to the British possessions. He further proposed that the
garrison depute nine men to come within their lines and agree
upon the terms of a treaty.

Boone and his companions very well understood that these fair
promises had a sinister motive at the bottom, and meant treach-
ery ; but they wanted to gain time, and were willing to consent to
almost any conditions that would cause delay. So they signified
their acceptance of the last proposition, and appointed t!ie place
of meeting on the open plat of ground in front of the fort.

Ever ready to sacrifice himself for the good of others, Boonto
decided to lead the part}' on this hazardous adventure, and
called for eight additional volunteers. Every man in the fort
stepped forward in answer to this call, and eight of the shrewdest
and stoutest were selected. The names of four of these have

2G PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

been preserved. They were, Flanders Callaway, Stephen Han-
cock, William Hancock, and Squire Boone.

Before leaving the fort, twenty men with loaded rifles were
stationed so as to command a full view of the proceedings, with
orders to fire on the Indians in case treachery should be
manifested.

The terms offered by Duquesne were exceedingly liberal ; so
liberal, in fact, that Boone and his companions knew they did not
come from honest hearts ; but in order to gain time, they humor-
ed the whims of the enemy and held a long conference with them.
At its close, the Indians proposed that, in order to make the
terms more binding, and to revive an ancient custom on this
great occasion, two Indians should shake hands with one white
man, and thus manifest tlieir friendliness. Even to this proposi-
tion, which they knew would end in an attempt at their capture,
Boone and his party acceded. They were, entirely unarmed, as
it would have been regarded as a breach of confidence to have
appeared upon the treaty ground with arms in their hands ; but
each man felt able to cope with two of his savage foes. When
the latter approached, each grasped a hand and arm of the white
men, and a scuffle immediately ensued, for the Indiams attempted
to drag them off as prisoners. But at this critical moment, the
guard in the fort fired upon the Indians and threw them into
confusion, and Boone and his companions knocked down or
tripped their antagonists, and fled into the fort. Squire Boone
was the only one of the party who was hurt, and he received only
a slight wound.

The main body of Indians, who were prepared for the turn
affairs had taken, now rushed forward and made a furious assault
upon the fort. But they met with a warm reception, and were
soon glad to withdraw to the cover of the woods again.

After the first assault they remained at a respectful distance,
for they had a wholesome dread of the rifles of the Kentuckians,
which would shoot further and with much greater accuracy than
their old smooth-bore muskets. Most of their balls were spent
before they reached the fort, and fell harmlessly back from the
tough oaken palisades.

Finding they could not carry the fort by assault, they attempt-
ed to set it on fire, by throwing combustibles upon the roofs ; and
for a time this new mode of attack seemed about to prove suc-
cessful. But a daring young man climbed to the roof in the midst

LIFE OP DANIEL BOONE 27

of a shower of balls, and remained there with buckets of water
until the fire was extinguished.

Failing in this attempt, the Indians, under directions from the
Canadians, resorted to another experiment, and tried to enter the
fort by means of a mine. The fort stood about sixty yards from
the river, and they began an excavation under the bank,
which concealed them from view. But their project was
detected by the muddy water seen at a little distance below, and
it was defeated by the Kentuckians, who began a countermine
within the fort, and threw the dirt over the palisades. While the
men were engaged in digging this mine. Captain Boone con-
structed a wooden cannon, which was loaded with powder, balls,
old nails, pieces of iron, etc. It was his intention to place this
instrument at the head of the mine, and as the Indians entered,
fire it into their midst. But on the 20th of the month they raised
the siege and departed for their own country, having lost thirty-
seven warriors killed, and many more wounded. The Kentuck-
ians had two men killed, and four wounded. After the departure
of the Indians, one hundred and twenty-five pounds of musket
balls were picked up around the fort, besides those that penetrat-
ed and were made fast in the logs.

During the siege the women and girls moulded bullets, loaded
the rifles, and carried ammunition to their husbands, fathers, and
brothers ; besides preparing refreshments, nursing the wounded,
and assisting in various other ways. Jemima Boone, while car-
rying ammunition to her father, received a contusion in her hip
from a spent musket ball, which caused a painful, though bj" no
means dangerous wound.

While the parley was in progress between Boone and the In-
dians, previous to the first attack, a worthless negro deserted and
went over to the enemy, carrying with him a large, long-range
rifle. He crossed the river, and stationed himself in. a tree, so
that by raising his head above a fork, he could fire directly down
into the fort. He had killed one man and wounded another,
when Boone discovered his head peering above the fork for an-
other shot. " You black scoundrel!" said the old pioneer, as he
raised his rifie to his shoulder, " I Ml fix your flint for you," and
quickly running his eye along the bright barrel of his rifle, he
fired. The negro fell, and at the close of the battle was found at
the roots of the tree with a bullet hole in the center of his fore-
head. The distance was one hundred and seventy-five yards.

28 PIOXEER FAMILIKS OF MISSOURI

Shortly after the siege of Boonesborough, Captain Boone was
tried l)y a court-martial, under several charges, the principal of
which were the surrender of his men at Blue Licks while they
were making salt, and friendliness toward the Indians while a
prisoner among them.

Mr. Peck says the charges were preferred by Col. Richard Cal-
laway, aided by Col. Benjamin Logan. But so far as Calla-
way was concerned, this is a mistake, as we learn from old pio-
neers still living, who were well acquainted with both Boone and
Callaway, and who often heard them relate the history of those
stirring times. The strongest friendship and utmost confidence
always existed between Boone and Callaway, and their families
after them ; and neither Callaway, or any of Boone's friends,
ever thought there was the least shadow of an exciuse for the
trumped up charges that were made against him. The trial re-
sulted in tlie complete vindication of Boone, and his promotion
to the rank of Major.

In the autumn of 1778, Major Boone went to North Carolina
for his wife and family, who were greatly rejoiced to see him alive
and well once more. But he did not remove them to Kentucky
until two 3'^ears later.

In 177'J, the government of Virginia estaVjlished a Court of
Commissioners, to hear and determine all disputes relative to
land claims in Kentucky, and to grant certificates of settlement
and pre-emption to those who were entitled to them. This
brought out a large number of families and single persons who
were interested in these claims, and for a time the Commissioners
were overrun with applications. Most of the titles obtained at
this time were afterward declared invalid, through want of com-
pliance with law and the indefinite location of many of the
claims, and heavy losses and great distress were occasioned there-
by. Major Boone sold all his property, and invested nearl}'
everything he possessed in land warrants. He was also entrusted
with large sums of monej' by friends and acquaintances who
deputed him to make their entries for them, and while on his way
from Kentucky to Richmond with this money, amounting to about
$20,000, he was robbed of every cent, and left worse than penni-
less. Most of those who lost money by this misfortune readily
gave up all claims against Boone, and freely exonerated him from
any blame in the affair ; but a few charged him with their losses,
alleging that he was robbed through his own carelessness, and

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 29

these held him to account for the money they had placed in hia
hands. Several years after his removal to Missouri, the venerable
old pioneer returned to Kentucky and paid every cent of these
claims.

The following extract from a letter written by Col. Thomas
Hart, of Lexington, in 1780, to Captain Nathaniel Hart, is a fine
tribute to the character of Boone under the trying ordeal through
which he was at that time passing :

" I observe what you say respecting our losses by Daniel Boone.
I had heard of the misfortune soon after it happened, but not of
my being a partaker before now. I feel for the poor people, who,
perhaps, are to lose even their pre-emptions ; but I must say I
feel more for Boone, whose character, I am told, suffers by it.
Much degenerated must the people of this age be, when amongst
them are to be found men to censure and blast the reputation of
a person so just and upright, and in whose breast is tlie seat of
virtue, too pure to admit of a thought so base and dishonorable.
I have known Boone in times of old, when poverty and distress
held him fast by the hand ; and in these wretched circumstances
I have ever found him of a noble and generous soul, despising
every thing mean; and therefore I will freely grant him a dis-
charge for whatever sums of mine he might have been possessed
of at that time."

As previously stated, Major Boone returned to Kentucky with
his family in 1780. In October of that year, he and his brother,.
Squire Boone, went to the Blue Licks on a hunting expedition,
and as they were returning home they wei'e fired upon by a party
of Indians in ambush. Squire Boone was killed and scalped, and
the Major was pursued several miles by the aid of an Indian dog;
but he shot the dog and escaped. This calamity made a deep
impression upon the old pioneer, and for a long time it preyed
heavily upon his mind. His attachment to his brother was natu-
rally very strong, and it had been increased and strengthened by
fellowship in wanderings, sufferings and dangers for many years.

About this time Kentucky was divided into three counties, by
the Legislature of Virginia, and a civil and military government
organized. Each county formed a regiment, and John Toddy
an estimable and popular man, was elected Colonel for one of the
counties (Lincoln), with Boone as Lieutenant-Colonel. Colonel
Clark was commissioned Brigadier-General and placed in com-
luand of the three regiments. With this military organization,
and their augmented numbers, the settlers began to feel secure,
and did not anticipate any more serious trouble with the Indians,

30 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

But in this they were disappointed, for late in the autumn the
savages again began to commit depredations upon the outposts
and exposed settlements, and' did considerable damage, besides
creating a great deal of alarm. Boonesborough, however, was
not molested, being now in the interior and surrounded by other
forts and station^.

On the morning of the 14th of August, 1782, Bryan's Station,
situated about five miles northeast of Lexington, \^as attacked by
a large force of Indians under the notorious Simon Girty. The
garrison numbered only about fifty men, and the station was not
in the best condition to withstand a siege. Early in the morning
of the 14th they were aroused by the hooting and yelling of sav-
ages, and hastily gathering into the block-houses, they saw a small
l)arty of Indians near the woods on one side of the station, yell-
ing and dancing and gesticulating, and now and then firing a shot
toward the fort. This party was so small, and appeared so con-
temptible, that some of the younger men wanted to rush out and
whip them immediately ; but fortunately there were older heads
in the fort, and experienced Indian fighters, who knew that this
was merely a ruse to entice them out of their fortifications, when
they would be attacked by the main body, which they felt assured
was concealed at no great distance. Runners were immediately'
dispatched to Lexington and other points for assistance, who, se-
cretly making their way out of the station and passing through the
corn fields, reached their destinations in safety. Busy prepara-
tions were then commenced to get everything ready for a siege,
when the startling discovery was made that they were out of
water. The spring was outside of the palisades, and water had
to be conveyed from it in buckets. The question now arose
as to how the}^ should get the water. It would not do for the
men to go after it, for that would bring on the attack at once ; so
it was proposed that the women and girls should be the water car-
riers this time. The proposition was directly made known to
them, but they did not receive it with favor. Some murmured,
and said that the men evidently thought very little of their wives
and daughters, if they were willing to send them where they were
afraid to go themselves, and that if they were too badly scared to
go to the spring, they had better hand their rifles over to the
women and let them defend the fort. " We are not afraid," said
the spokesman, "to go to the spring; but we know that if the
m2n leave the fort we shall immediately be attacked by the entire

LIFE OK DANIKL BOONE 81

force of the enemy, while you can go without exciting
any suspicion or being in any danger, as the Indians know it
is customary for you to bring the water." Finally, an old lady
arose, got a couple of buckets, and started to the springs saying
that she was no better than a man, anyhow, and was not much
afraid of the red-skins either. Her example was silently followed
by the rest, and they soon returned with their buckets filled with
water. But some of the younger ones manifested a good deal of
haste on their return, and as they entered the gate of the fort
their eyes were very wide open, while much of the water in their
buckets was spattered over their dresses and on the ground. The
danger they had faced was indeed very great; for in the brush
around the spring there lay concealed more than four hundred
painted warriors, who could almost have grasped them by their
dresses if they had been so disposed.

As soon as these preparations were completed, thirteen daring
young men were selected and sent out to attack and pursue^ the
small party of Indians that were in view, while the balance of the
men, with loaded rifles in their hands, were placed on the oppo-
site side of the fort. The stratagem was successful. The small
party of Indians retreated to the woods, pursued by the thirteen
young men. Girty heard the firing, and supposing the main body
to have left the fort, gave the signal yell, "and instantly the woods
and undergrowth around the spring seemed alive with yelling
savages. Firing a heavy volley at the fort, they rushed furiously,
with Girty at their head^ against the nearest gate. But the
Kentuckians were prepared for them, and their unerring rifles
scattered death and destruction among their ranks. So deadly
was the fire that they were seized with consternation, and fled
precipitately into the woods. Here they were rallied by Girt}'
and their chiefs, and with renewed yells came on to the second
assault. But the leaden hail of tiie Kentucky rifles rained upon
them again, and again they fled in consternation. After this an
irregular fight was kept up for several hours, in which but little
damage was done to either side.

About two o'clocK in the afternoon a reinforcement of fifty
men, on horseback and on foot, arrived from Lexington for the
relief of the garrison. The Indians were aware of their ap-
proach, and lay in ambush for them. The horsemen rushed
through without the loss of a man ; but the footmen were not so
fortunate. They first entered a cornfield, through which they

32 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

should have passed to the fort, concealed as they were from the
enemy ; but, eager to get a shot at the redskins, they emerged
into the road again, fell into the ambuscade, and lost six men.

The Indians, alarmed at this reinforcement, and expecting the
arrival of other parties soon, were in favor of an immediate retreat
to their own country. But Girty, furious at being foiled in hia
attempt to subdue the station by force, and smarting from a
slight wound received in the morning, resorted to stratagem with
the hope of gaining his purpose. He crawled to a stump, near
one of the bastions, and demanded a parle}'. Commending their
manly defence and bravery, he urged that further resistance was
useless, alluded to the large number and fierceness of his follow-
ers, and asserted that he had a large reinforcement near at hand,
with several pieces of artillery. He warned them that if they con-
tinued to resist, and were finally captured by force, they would
all be massacred; but assured them, "upon his honor," that if
they would surrender then, they should be treated as prisoners of
war. The commander of the station would not d6ign to pay the
least attention to him, but he was answered in a taunting and
pungent manner by a young man named Reynolds, who told him
that he had a worthless dog, to which he had given the name of
Simon Girty, in consequence of his striking resemblance to the
man who bore that name ; that if he had artillery' and reinforce-
ments he might bring them on, but if he or any of the naked ras-
cals with him found their way into the fort, they would disdain to
use their guns against them, but would drive them out with whips,
of which they had collected a large number for that purpose.
When he ceased speaking, some of the young men began to call
out, "Shoot the scoundrel!" "Kill the renegade!" etc., and Gir-
ty, seeing that his position was no longer safe, crawled back, crest-
fallen, to the camp of his followers, and next morning the}' had
disappeared.

Information of the attack on Bryan's Station had spread with
great rapidity all over the country, and reinforcements came pour-
ing in from every direction. Colonel Boone and his son Israel
and brother Samuel, headed a strong party from Boonesborough ;
Colonel Stephen Trigg brought up the forces from Harroosburg,
and Colonel John Todd came with the militia from Lexington.
Among the latter were Majors Harlan, McGary, McBridei, and
Levi Todd. Colonel Benjamin Logan, who resided at a greater
distance, raised a large force, but did not arrive in time to par-

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 33

ticipate in the pursuit and the disastrous battle which followed.

A council of the officers was held to decide upon what course
should be followed. A large majority were eager for a fight, and
favored immediate pursuit; but Colonel Boone, knowing the
strength of the enemy, and realizing how hard it would be, in the
midst of a battle with the Indians, to successfully control a body
of raw militia, hastily collected together, without organization or
drill, deemed it advisable to await the arrival of Colonel Logan
and his force.

But his wise counsels were not heeded. Colonel Todd was
heard to say that Boone was a coward, and if they wanted the
glory of a victory they should press forward immediately.

The opinions of the majority prevailed, and the men were
marched out to follow the trail. Boone and the more experienced
ones soon became convinced that the Indians wanted to be fol-
lowed, for instead of trying to hide their trail, as usual, they had
taken pains to make it as plain as possible. The trees were
marked with their tomahawks, the ground was much trodden,
and their camp-fires were few, showing a design to mask their
numbers.

But no Indians were seen until the Kentuckians reached the
bluffs of the Licking, opposite the Lower Blue Licks, when a few
were discovered leisurely mai'ching over a ridge on the opposite
side of the river.

Colonel Todd now ordered a halt, for further consultation be-
fore crossing the river, and, notwithstanding his intemperate lan-
guage of the morning, especially solicited the views of Colonel
Boone. He was still of the opinion that they had better await
the arrival of Colonel Logan, for the Indians were very strong,
and he had no doubt were well posted in ambush on the opposite
side of the river. But in the event of a determination to proceed,
he advised that the troops be divided into two parties, one of
which should proceed above the bend of the river and cross in the
rear of the enemy, while the other, crossing at the ford, where
they then were, should proceed along the ti*ail and attack them in
front.

The position selected by the Indians was a strong one. The
river, by making an abrupt curve to tlie north, or opposite side
from the army, encircled a ridge for a mile or more in extent.
Near the top of this ridge, on opposite sides, two ravines
headed and ran down to the water's edge. They were filled with
3

34 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

brushwood and trees, forming an admirable hiding place for the
five hundred warriors who lay concealed there. The army, in fol-
lowing the trail, would be enclosed, as if in a net, by these two
ravines, and exposed to a raking fire on all sides, while the enemy
was completely sheltered from their fire and hidden from view.

While Boone and Todd were still consulting as to what course
should be pursued. Major McGary, who was a warm friend of
Boone, and who had become incensed at the intemperate language
used by Colonel Todd, in the morning, in reference to him, raised
the war whoop, spurred his horse into the river, and called out,
" All who are not cowards, follow me, and I will show you where
the Indians are." On the impulse of the moment, nearly the en-
tire army followed him, yelling and whooping, to the opposite
shore ; and the rest, with Boone and Todd, soon followed. The
latter rode up to Major McGary and demanded,' in an excited
manner, what he meant by his rash conduct, when McGary re-
plied, "You wanted to fight, and, by g — d, I thought I would
give you a chance."

Colonel Boone now advised that some scouts be sent forward to
examine the ground, and, if the enemy were present, ascertain
his position. Those who had been eager for the fray in the morn-
ing, were now, in the presence of the enemy, willing to heed the
advice of the old pioneer, who still remained as cool and collected
as if UDthing unusual were Iranspiring.

Two bold and experienced scouts were selected and sent for-
ward, but, though they proceeded half a mile beyond the ravines,
no Indians were discovered.

Orders were now given to march, and the army advanced. Col-
onel Todd commanding the center, Trigg the right, and Boone
the left.

They proceeded to within forty yards of the ravines, when sud-
denly the entire body of Indians poured a destructive fire into
their ranks, from both sides of the ridge. The dead and w6unded
fell thick at the first discharge, but the brave Kentuckians stood
their ground like heroes,* notwithstanding they were greatly out-
numbered and fought at such a disadvantage. Colonel Trigg fell
at the first fire, and with him a large number of the Harrodsburg
troops. Major Harland's advance guard maintained their ground
until three men only remained, their commander having fallen
covered with wounds. Colonel Todd was mortally wounded near
the commencement of the battle, and when last seen he was

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 85

reeling on his horse, with the blood streaming from his wounds.
Major McGary fought like a tiger, but escaped unhurt. Colonel
Boone was as cool as if he were merely on a hunting expedition,
and gallantly led his men into the thickest of the fight.

The army having been thrown into confusion, the Indians rush-
ed upon the men with hideous yells and drawn tomahawks, and
the retreat commenced at once. The fugitives rushed down the
slope of the ridge to the river, and plunging in, waded or swam
across, followed closely by the Indians. Many of them would
have been killed in the river except for the presence of mind of a
man named Netherland, who on former occasions had been called
a coward, but in this instance acted like a hero. Being mounted
on a spirited horse, he had outrun the main body of his retreating
comrades, and had safely reached the opposite bank of the river.
Looking back, he saw the Indians rushing into the river to kill
those who were struggling with the current, and wheeling his
horse, he called out to some ten or a dozen men who were near
him, "Halt! fire on the Indians, and protect the men in the
river." His loud, stern command had the desired effect, and a
volley from a dozen rifles checked the savages and gave the men
an opportunity to cross in safety.

Many of the Indians swam the river above and below the ford,
and continued the pursuit for more than twenty miles, killing some,
and taking a few prisoners. The defeated army never halted un-
til it reached Bryan's Station, thirty-six miles distant.

Colonel Boone was one of the very last to leave the battle field,
and when he saw that the rout was hopeless, he directed all his
energies to the preservation of as many lives as possible. Just as
he was leaving the field, he came upon his son, mortally wounded.
For a moment he was overcome by the feelings of a tender and
loving father, and, with tears streaming from his eyes, raised the
dying form of his boy in his arms, and made his way toward a
place of safety near the river, below the curve and the ravine,
where he knew he could easily cross the current.

He had proceeded' but a few steps when a powerful Indian, with
raised tomahawk, sprang before him ; but in a moment the con-
tents of Boone's gun entered his body, and he fell lifeless to the
ground. Before he reached the bank of the river, his son expired
in his arms, when, straining him to his bosom as he took a last
look at the beloved face, he laid the still and lifeless form gently
on the ground, and made his escape.

36 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOL'KI

This event made so deep an impression on the mind of the old
pioneer, that, to the day of his death, he could not mention it
without shedding tears. His brother, Samuel was severely
wounded, but escaped.

Of the one hundred and eighty-two persons who went into
battle, about one-third were killed, twelve wounded, and seA'en
carried off prisoners. These were put to death by torture after
they reached the Indian towns.

This disastrous battle covered Kentucky with mourning, for
nearly every family in the little settlements had a relative or
friend killed.

The following report of the battle, made by Colonel Boone to

Gov. Harrison, of Virginia, will be read with interest, as being

one of the few ofUcial documents that remain from, his pen :

"Booxk's Station, Fayettk Cot'ntv, "1
"Aiiyust, 30th, 1782. /

"SiK,

" Present circumstances of affairs cause me to write to your
P2xcellency as follows. On the IGth instant, a large number of
Indians, with some white men, attacked one of our frontier sta-
tions, known by the name of Biyan's Station. The siege contin-
ued from about sunrise till about ten o'clock the next day, when
they marched off. Notice being given to the neighboring sta-
tions, we immediate!}' raised one hundrecV and eighty-one horse-
men, commanded by Colonel John Totid, including some of the
Lincoln county militia, and ptu'sued al)0Ut forty miles.

" On the l!)th instant, we discovered the enemy lying in wait
for us. On this discover}'', we formed our columns into one
single line, and marched up in their front within about forty
yards before there was a gun fired. Colonel Trigg commanded
on the right, mj'self on the left, and INIajor McGary in the centre,
and Major Ilarland the advanced party in front. From the
manner in which we had formed, it fell to my lot to bring on the
attack. This was done with a very heav}' lire on both sides, and
extended back of the line to Colonel Trigg, where the enemy was
so strong they rushed up and broke the right wing at the first
fire. Thus the enemy got in our rear, with tlie loss of seventy-
seven of our men, and twelve wounded. Afterwards we were
reinforced by Colonel Logan, which made our force four hundred
and sixty men. We marched again to the battle ground; but,
finding the enemy had gone, we proceeded to- bury the dead.

" We found forty- three on the ground, and many lay about,
which we could not stay to find, hungry and weary as we were,
and somewhat dubious that the enemy might not have gone off
quite. By the sign, we thought that the Indians had exceeded

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 37

four hundred ; while the whole of this militia of the county does
not amount to more than one hundred and thirty. From these
facts your Excellency may form an idea of our situation.

" I know that your own circumstances are critical ; but are we
to be wholly forgotten ? I hope not. I trust about five hundred
men may be sdnt to our assistance immediately. If these shall
be stationed as our county lieutenants shall deem necessary,
it may be the means of saving our part of the country ; but if
they are placed under the direction of General Clark, they will
be of little or no service to our settlement. The Falls lie one
hundred miles west of us, and the Indians northeast ; while our
men are frequently called to protect them. I have encouraged
the people in this county all that I could ; but I can no longer
justify them or myself to risk our lives here under such extraor-
dinary hazards. The inhabitants of this county are very ruuch
alarmed at the thoughts of the Indians bringing another cam-
paign into our country this fall. If this should be the case, it
will break up these settlements. I hope, therefore, your Excel-
lency will take this matter into your coafcideration, and send us
some relief as quick as possible.

'•These are my sentiments, without consulting any person.
Colonel Logan will, I expect, immediately send you an express,
by whom I humbl}^ request your Excellencj^'s answer. In the
meanwhile, I remain, &c.

"Danikl Boone."

The day after the little urmy of one hundred and eighty-two
had left Bryan's Station, Colonel Logan arrived there at the head
four hundred and fifty men. Fearful of some disaster, he imme-
diately ordered a forced march, and set out on the old trail.
They had proceeded only a few miles when they met the first
party of fugitives, who, as usual in such cases, could give only
an excited and unsatisfactory account of the affair. Colonel
Logan now decided to return to the station and await the arrival
of more of the survivors, in oi'der that he might obtain additional
information, and know better how to proceed. By night they
were all in, and the true story became known.

Late that night, Colonel Loga.n, accompanied by Colonel
Boone and a few of the survivors, started for the battle-ground,
which they reached at noon the next day. The Indians were
gone, but the sight was horrible. Dead and mutilated bodies
were strewn through the timber, submerged in the river, and
spread over the rocky ridge. Immense flocks of vultures we«"e
hovering in the air, perched in the trees, or feeding on the bodies
of the slain. The savages had mangled and scalped many, the

38 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

wolves had torn others, and the oppressive heat of August had
so disfigured tlieir faces that in many cases their friends could
recognize them only by their clothing. They were buried as de-
cently as circumstances would admit, and Logan and his men re-
turned to Bryan's Station.

As soon as the intelligence of the defeat at Blue Licks reached
General Clark at Louisville, he began to make arrangements for a
formidable expedition into the Indian country, and, with his-
usual energy and determination, was soon on the march at the
head of a large force. Colonel Boone went along as a volunteer
scout, preferring that position to any command that could be
given him.

The march was conducted so rapidly and with so much secrecy^
that the army came within half a mile of Girty and his party, on
their return from Kentucky, before they were aware of its pres-
ence, or that such a force was even in existence. Two Indians,
loitering in the rear, discovered the Kentuckians, and hastily
fleeing to their companions gave the alarming intelligence that a
mighty army was close upon them.

They instantly evacuated their camp and fled, dispatching run-
ners to all the surrounding towns to give the alarm. The towns
were abandoned, and when General Clark and his men entered
them they found nothing but deserted lodges. Upon entering
Old Chillicothe they found fires -still burning and provisions in
process of cooking.

Of this expedition Colonel Boone said:

"The savages fled in the utmost disorder, evacuating their
towns, and reluctfintly left their territory to our mercy. We im-
mediately took possession of the town of Old Chillicothe without
opposition, it being deserted by its inhabitants In this expedi-
tion we took seven prisoners and five scalps, with the loss of only
four men, two of whom were accidentally killed by our owu
army."

The troops desti'oyed four other towns, cut the standing corn
in the fields, and desolated the whole country. The destruction
of their towns and property paralyzed the Indians more than a de-
feat or battle would haA'e done, and the expedition, by teaching
them the superiorty of the white people, both in numbers and
means of carrying on war, put an end to their raids and depreda-
tions, and the people of Kentucky, except in some of the frontier
settlements, which were visited occasionally bj' small parties of
Indians, were allowed to enjoy the blessed fruits of peace.

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 39

Colonel Boone, with his receipts for military services, and the
proceeds of his own industry, was enabled to pay for several tracts
of land, on one of which he built a comfortable log cabin, and
cleared a farm, where he expected to spend the remainder of his
days. For several years he cultivated his crops, and, during the
hunting season, amused himself at his favorite occupation.

His last encounter with the Indians in Kentucky was of an
amusing rather tlian a dangerous character, and was in substance
as follows, as related bj' himself:

Boone never used tobacco, but he had raised about one
hundred and fifty hiils of the weed, on his farm, for the use of
his neighbors. When it was ripe and ready to be housed, he
built a pen of fence rails, about twelve feet high, and covered it
with cane and grass ; and in this enclosure the tobacco was hung
in three tiers, one above the other, to dry and " cure." In a abort
time it was so drj' and crisp that it would crumble into powder
upon being rubbed or roughly handled.

One day while removing the sticks of tobacco from the lower
tier to the up])er ones, and while standing with his feet on the
poles of the lower tier, he was startled to hear the gruff Indian
salutation of "How!" immediately under him. Looking down,
he saw four Indians, with guns in their hands, who had entered
by the low door, and were now looking up at him. Seeing that
he observed them, they addressed him as follows: "Now, Boone,
we got you. You no get away any more. We carry you off to
Chillicothe this time. You no cheat us any more. Damn!"
Boone recognized them as some of his old friends who had cap-
tured him at the Blue Licks in 1778, and addressing them pleas-
antly, he said, "Ah! old friends! Glad to sec yon. Just wait
one moment, and I'll come down." He parleyed with them for
some time, asking about old acquaintances, and pretending to be
pleased with the opportunity of going with them ; until, having
diverted their attention from him, he gathered a bundle of drj- to-
bacco and threw it down upon their upturned faces, at the same
time jumping upon them with as much of tlie tobacco as he could
gather in his arms. Their mouths, eyes, and noses were filled
with the pungent dust, which blinded them and set them to sneez-
ing violently ; and in the midst of their discomfiture Boone rushed
out and made his way to his cabin, where he had the means of de-
fence. But notwiths^^anding his narrow escape, he could not
withstand the temptation to look back and see the result of his

40 PIOXEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

achievement. The Indians were groping about with outstretched
hands, feeling their way out of the pen, calling him by name, and
cursing him for a rogue, and themselves for fools.

In 1792 Kentucky was admitted into the Union as a State. As
courts of justice were established in every community, litigation
increased, and was carried to a distressing extent. Many of the
old pioneers, who had cleared farms in the midst of the wilder-
ness, and were prepared to spend the remainder of their days
surrounded by peace and plenty, had their homes wrested from
them, through lack of legal titles, bj^ greedy and avaricious spec-
ulators, and were cast adrift in their old age, to again fight the
battle of existence. Colonel Boone was among the suflferers.
Every foot of his land was taken from him, and he wrs left pen-
niless. His recorded descriptions of location and boundary were
defective, and shrewd speculators had the adroitness to secure
legal titles by more accurate and better defined entries.

Disgusted with legal quibbles and technicalities, and disheart-
ened at his misfortunes, Boone decided to once more seek a home
in the wilderness. About the year 1790 he removed to the
Kenhawa Valley, in Virginia, and settled near Point Pleasant,
where he remained until 1795, when he removed to Missouri, or
Upper Louisiana, as it was then called. His son, Daniel M.
Boone, had already settled in that country, and gave such glow-
ing accounts of the climate, soil, game, etc., that the old pioneer's
imagination was captivated. About the same time he received
an invitation from the Spanish Lieutenant-Governor, Zenon
Trudeau, to remove there, offering as an inducement a large
grant of land. He at once decided to accept the invitation.
Accordingly, gathering up such articles as were convenient to
carry, and with his trusty rifle, "Old Cheelicker," on his shoul-
der, his chattels, and a portion of his family on pack-horses, he
started on his journey to the new land of promise. All his family
subsequently followed him, except his two daughters, Lavinia
and Rebecca, who, as previously stated, lived and died in Ken-
tucky. His son Jesse remained in the Kenhawa Valley, where
he had married, until 1819, when he too came to Missouri,

For several j'-ears after Colonel Boone's removal. Upper Louisi-
ana remained under Spanish rule, and the promise of the Lieuten-
ant-Governor was faithfully fulfilled. On the 24th of January,
1798, he received a concession of 1,000 arpents of land, situated
inf emme Osage District. He afterward made an agreement with

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 41

the Spanish authorities to bring one hundred families from Ken-
tucky and Virginia to Upper Louisiana, for which lie was to re
ceive 10,000 arpents of land. The agreement was fulfilled on
both sides ; but in order to confirm his title to this grant, it was
necessary to obtain the signature of the direct representative of
the crown, who resided in Ne<v Orleans. Colonel Boone neglect-
ed this requirement, and his title was declared invalid when the
country came into the possession of the United States.

His title to the first grant of 1,000 arpents was also declared in-
valid, but was subsequently confirmed b}'^ special act of Congress.
Both the Spanish and American governments required actual set-
tlement of lands granted in the ordinary way, to confirm the titL ;
but in 1800 Boone received the appointment of Commandant of
Femme Osage District, and was informed by Don Charles D.
Delassus, who had succeeded Don Zenon Trudeau as Lieuten-
ant-Governor, that as his duties as Cojamandant woald require
a considerable portion of his time, the Spanish government
would dispense with his actual settlement of the laad ia order
to confirm his title. Relying upon this promise, he neglected
to have the proper entries made upon the records, and when
the United States government purchased Upper Louisiana there
was nothing to show that Boone had fulfilled the requirements,,
and his claim was declared invalid.

He subsequently petitioned Congress to have his title confirm-
ed, and the petition was granted. The following is a copy of his
petition, with the rejjort of the committee to whom it was re-
ferred, as given in the American iHtate Papers, vol. 2, page 10:

To the Senate and Representatives of the United States in Congress assem-
bled. The petition of Daniel Boone, at present an inhabitant of the terri-
tory of Loui-iiana, respectfully sfioweth :

That, your petitioner has spent a long life in exploring the wilds
of north America ; and has, by his own personal exertions, been
greatly instrumental in opening the road to civilization in the im-
mense territories now attached to the United States, and, in some
instahces, matured into independent States.

An ardent thirst for discovery, united witli a desire to benefit a
rising family, has impelled him to encounter the numerous h: d-
ships, privations, dilliculties, and dangers to which he has un-
avoidably been exposed. How far his desire for discovery has
been extended, and what consequences have resulted from his
labors, are, at this time, unnecessary to be stated.

But, while your ])etitioner has thus opened the way to thou-
sands, to countries posse^sul of every natural advantage, and

42 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

although he may have gratified his thirst for discovery, he has to
lament that he has not derived those personal advantages which
his exertions would seem to have merited. He has secured but a
scanty portion of that immeasurable territory over which his dis-
coveries have extended, and his famil}' have reason to regret that
their interest had not been more the great object of his discov-
eries.

Your petitioner has nothing to demand from the justice of his
country, but he respectfully suggests, that it might be deemed an
act of grateful benevolence, if his country, amidst their bounties,
would so far gratify his last wish, as to grant him some reasona-
ble portion of land within the territory of Louisiana.

He is the more induced to this request, as the favorite pittance
of soil to which he considered he had acquired a title under
the Spanish government, has been wrested from him by a con-
struction of the existing laws not in his contemplation, and be-
yond his foresight. Your petitioner is not disposed to murmur
or complain ; but conscious of the value and extent of his services,
he solicits some evidence of their liberality.

He approaches the august assemblage of his fellow-citizens with
a confidence inspired by that spirit which has led him so often to
the deep recesses of the wilds of America ; and he flatters himself
that he, with his family, will be induced to acknowledge that the
United States knows how to appreciate and encourage the efforts
of her citizens, in enterprises of magnitude, from which proportion-
ate public good maybe derived.

Daniel Boone.

The following is the report of the committee to which the peti-
tion was referred, as presented to the Senate, January' 12, 1810:

That, at a period antecedent to the revolutionary war, Daniel
Boone, the petitioner, possessing an ardent desire for the explo-
ration of the (then) Western wilderness of the United States, af-
ter traversing a length of mountainous and uninhabited country,
discovered, and, with a few bold and enterprising fellows, estab-
lished, vith a perilous hardihood, the first settlement of civilized
population in the (now) State of Kentucky. That, in maintain-
ing the possession of that country until the peace of 1783, he ex-
perienced all the vicissitudes of a war with enemies the most dar-
ing, insidious, and cruel, and which were aided by Canadians
from the British provinces of Upper Canada ; and that during that
contest he lost several children by the hands of the savages.

That it appears to the committee, that although the petitioner
was not officially emx>loyed by the government of the United States,
yet that he was actually engaged against their enemies, through
the whole of Ih3 war of the revolution.

That in the exploring, settling, and defending of that country,
lie eminently contributed to the early march of the American

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 43

Western population, and which has redounded to the benefit of
the United States. That your petitioner is old, infirm, and,
though dependent on agriculture, by adverse and unpropitious
circumstances, possesses not one acre of that immeasurable terri-
tory which he so well defended, after having been the pioneer of
its settlement. The petitioner disclaiming all idea of a demand
upon the justice of his country, yet requests, as a grateful benev-
olence, that Congress would grant him some reasonable portion
of land in the territory of Louisiana. Tlie committee, upon the
whole circumstance of the merit and situation of the petitioner,
beg leave to report the bill without amendment.

Notwithstanding this favorable report, and the justice of the
petition, the Board of Land Commissioners reported adversely to
the grant, and it was not until three years after (December
24, 1813,) that Boone was confirmed in his title to the 1,000
arpents of land conceded to him by the Spanish government.

The territory of Louisiana was at that time overrun with
greedy land speculators, who would resort to perjury, forgery,
and even murder, to obtain their object ; and it was very essen-
tial that the Land Commissioners should be careful in grant-
ing titles. Hence the difficulty Boone encountered in securing
meager justice.

In every community there were drunken, worthless fellows who
acted as standing witnesses for these speculators, and would sign
any paper, or swear to any statement that was require;d of them.
One of these characters, Simon Toiton, by name, gave the follow-
ing evidence in a case tried at Kaskaskia, in August, 1807:

"I, Simon Toiton, being in my sober senses, having taken no
drink, and after mature reflection, having been apprised thdt I
had given a great number of depositions relating to land titles, as
well those derived from donations as from improvements ; that,
by means of those depositions, great quantities of lands have
been confirmed to different persons in whose favor I have given>
these depositions; I do consequently declare, as I. have already
declared to several persons, that I am ignorant of the number I
may have given, since I was drunk when I gave them, a failing to
which I am unfortunately addicted ; and that, when I am in that
state, any one, by complying with my demands, may do what
they please with me If this work had been proposed to me
when in my senses — [Here something has been omitted.] I de-
clare that i recollect that, on the last day of November, 180G, I
was sent for; before setting out, I drank a quart of liquor; and
that there might ])e no want of it, I took it again on my arrival ;
before beginning the certificates, I took another quart, and this

44 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

continued until midnight nearly. I recollect at that time to have
given twenty-two or twenty-three depositions ; that is to say, I
copied them from models, to which I made them conform ; ob-
serving to those persons that what I did could be of no validity.
They told me not to mind that, that it would be of service to
those for whom I gave them ; and that I aught not to fear any-
thing, or make myself uneasy. I declare solemnly that all these
last depositions are false, as well as those I had given previously
to that time, no matter in whose favor I may have given them ;
because, to my knowledge, I have never given any except when I
was in liquor, and not in my sober senses. I furthermore declare
that I am not acquainted with any improvements in this country."

Is it any wonder, in view of the above, that it was hard for the
gallant old pioneer to secure a title to a small portion of the lands
which he justly owned, or that he lost the greater portion of those
which had been granted him by the liberality of the Spanish gov-
ernment? More than one-half of the applications for titles to
lands, made at that period, were rejected ; and against the names
of most of the disappointed applicants the significant words, "For-
gery," "Perjury," etc., are written in the records of the land
•office at Washington. Among the names are some that stood
high in public affairs, and have come down to posterity as disin-
terested patriots and honest pioneers.

Colonel Boone and his family were the first Americans that set-
tled within the present limits of the State of Missouri. The French
had established trading posts at several points, and had formed a
village of four or five hundred inhabitants at St. Louis, but there
■were no regular settlements beyond these.

Louisiana was discovered, settled and held in possession by
the French until 1762, when, by a secret treaty, it was transferred
to Spain. The few inhabitants at the different trading posts
knew nothing of this treaty for several years afterward, and when
it became known it was a source of great sorrow to them. But
the new rule was so mild that they soon ceased to regard it as a
misfortune.

It was the policy of the Spanish authorities to encourage emi-
gration from the United States. Fears were entertained of an in-
vasion of the country by the British and Indians from Canada,
and the American people, being regarded as the natural adversa-
ries of the British, it was supposed they would readily fight to re-
pel an invasion. In 1781 St. Louis was attacked by a small army
of British and Indians, as a retaliation for the part the king of

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE 45

Spain had taken in favor of the independence of the United States.
Fifteen hundred Indians, and a small party of British soldiers, con-
stituted the invading force, which came down tlie Mississippi. In
the battle that ensued, more than sixty of the inhabitants were kill-
ed, and about thirty taken prisoners. At this crisis. Gen. George R.
Clark, who was at Kaskaskia with several hundred men, besides the
Illinois militia, appeared on the opposite side of the river. The
British immediately raised the siege and retreated, and the In-
dians, declaring that they had no hostile intentions against the
Spanish government, but had been deceived by the British, dis-
persed to their villages.

This event caused the Spanish authorities to increase their ef-
forts for the encouragement of American immigration, and the
most liberal offers were made and disseminated throughout the
Western settlements. The result was that the American popula-
tion increased rapidly, and when the country was transferred to
the United States in 1804 more than three-fifths of the population
were Americans.

During the Spanish administration, no religious sect was tolerat-
ed except the Roman Catholic. Each emigrant was required to
be a Catholic, but this requirement was evaded by a pious fiction
in the examination of the Americans ; and Protestant families of
all denominations settled in the province, obtained land grants,
and were undisturbed in their religious beliefs. Protestant
ministers came over from Illinois and preached in the cabins of
the settlers, unmolested by the Spanish officers ; although, for the
sake of keeping up a show of authority, they were occasionally
threatened with imprisonment in the calabozo at St, Louis,

The late Reverend John Clark, a devoutly pious, but rather
eccentric preacher, whose residence was in Illinois, made monthly
excursions to the Spanish territory, and preached in the houses
of the religious emigrants. He was a man of great sim-
plicity of character, and much respected and beloved by all who
knew him, amongst whom was ]\I. Trudcau, the gentlemanh'
Commandant at St. Louis.- M, Trudeau would delay till
he knew Mr, Clark's tour for that occasion was nearly finish-
ed, and then send a threatening message, that if Monsieur Clark
did not leave the Spanish country in three days, he would put
him in prison. This was repeated so often, as to furnish a pleas-
ant joke with the preacher and his friends.

During these times, Mr. Abraham Musick, who was a Baptist.

46 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and well acquainted with the Commandant, and who likewise
knew his religious principles, presented a petition for leave to
hold meetings at his house, and for permission for Mr. Clark to
preach there. The Commandant, inclined to favor the American
settlers secretly, yet compelled to reject all such petitions official-
ly, replied promptly that such a petition could not be granted.
It was in violation of the laws of the country. " I mean," said
the accomodating officer, "you must not put a bell on your
house, and call it a church, nor suffer any person to christen your
children but the parish priest. But if any of your friends choose
to meet at your house, sing, pray, and talk about religion, you
will not be molested, provided you continue, as I suppose you
are, un bon Catholique." He well knew, that, as Baptists, they
could dispense with the rite of infant baptism, and that plain,
fi'ontier people, as they were, could find the way to their meetings
without the sound of the " church-going bell."

As early as the year 1800, the population of Femme Osage
District had increased so much that some sort of. a local govern-
ment was required, and on the 11th of June of that year Colonel
Boone was appointed Commandant of the District. The powers
of his office were both civil and military, and were almost abso-
lute, if he had possessed either the means or the desire to make
them so. His decision of all questions was final, except those in
regard to land titles, which could only be decided by the crown
or its direct representative.

But few crimes or misdemeanors were committed, and then
summary justice was dealt out to the offender. Whipping on the
bare back was generally the punishment, and so just and equita-
ble were Boone's sentences that the most abandoned characters
never thought of raising objections to them or harboring resent-
ment afterward.

In 1801 the territory of Upper Louisiana was qeded back to
France by Spain, and in 1803 the country was purchased from
France by the United States. During that interval the French
did not again assume the government of the province, but the.
Spanish laws remained in force. The formal transfer of the coun-
try to the United States was made in March, 1804, and one year
later the territory of Louisiana was regularly organized by act of
Congress. As a temporary arrangement, th6 Spanish laws re-^
mained in force for a short time, and Colonel Boone continued to
exercise the authority of his office. In fact, during the remainder

LIFK OF OAKIKL liOOXE 47

of his life he had more to do with tlie government of his settle-
ment than the laws, or the officers elected and appointed under
them. The people had such unbounded confidence in his wisdom
and justice that they preferred to submit their disputed questions
to his arbitration, rather than to the uncertain issues of law.

During the first few years of their residence in Upper Louisiana,
Colonel Boone and his wife lived with their son, Daniel .M., who
had built a house in Darst's Bottom, adjoining the tract of 1,000
arpents of land granted to his father by the Spanish government.
This entire tract, with the exception of 181 acres, was sold l)y
Daniel M. Boone, who had charge of his father's business, to pay
the old Colonel's debts in Kentucky, of which he had left quite a
number upon his removal to the Spanish dominions, and although
his creditors never would have made any demands upon him, yet
he could not rest easy until they were paid. All his earnings,
which he derived from peltries obtained in his hunting excursions.
were carefully saved, and at length having made a. successful hunt
and obtained a valuable supply of peltry, he turned it all into
cash, and visited Kentucky for the purpose of paying his debt?.
He had kept no book accounts, and knew not how much he owed,
nor to whom he was indebted, but, in the honest simplicity. of his
nature, he went to all with whom he had had dealings, and paid
whatever was demanded. When he returned to his family he had
half a dollar left. " But," said he to his family and a .circle of
friends who had called to see him, "now I am ready and willing to
die. I have paid all my debts, and nobody can say, when I am
gone, 'Boone was a dishonest man.' "

There is only one deed on the records in St. Charles signed by
Daniel Boone, and that is for 181 acres of land (being a portion
of the 1,000 arpents) sold to Wm. Coshow, August G, 1815, for
$315, The witnesses were D. M. Boone and John B. Callaway.

Colonel Boone and his son laid off a town on the Missouri river,
and called it Missouriton, in honor of the then territory of Mis-
souri. They built a horse mill there, which was a great thing for
those early days, and for a while the town flourished and prom-
ised well. At one time an effort was made to locate the capital of
the territory there, but it failed, and the town soon decUned.
The place where it stood has since been washed away by the riv-
er, and no trace of it now remains. There is still a post-office in
the neighborhood, called Missouriton, but the town no longer
exists.

48 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

The settlers did not experience much trouble with the Indians
until after the commencement of the war of 1812, and the settle-
ments rapidly extended over a portion of the present counties of
St. Charles, Lincoln, Warren, Montgomery, and Callaway ; and
in 1808, a settlement was formed in (now) Howard county, near
the salt springs, called Boone's Lick.

Salt was very scarce among the first settlers, and it was so ex-
pensive that but little was used. It had to be transported
on horseback from Kentucky, or shipped in keel-boats and barges
from New Orleans up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, from
whence it was distributed through the settlements by traders, who
charged enormous profits.

Sometime early in the commencement of the present century.
Colonel Boone, while on a hunting expedition, discovered the salt
springs in Howard county; and during the summer of 1807 his
sons, Daniel M. and Nathan, with Messrs. Baldridge and Manly,
transported kettles there and made salt, which, they floated down
the river that fall in canoes made of hollow sycamore logs, daubed
at the ends with clay.

The making of salt at these springs subsequently became a
regular and paying business, and, assisted by the tide of immigra-
tion that began to flow there, led to the opening of the Booneslick
road, which for years afterward was the great thoroughfare of
Western emigration.

The remaining incidents of Colonel Boone's life, of interest to
the public, are so closely connected with the events of the Indian
war of 1812-15, that we cannot give them without going into a
histoiy of those times, and as that would interfere with the ar-
rangement of this work, we must now bring this sketch to a
close.

On the 18th of March, 1813, Colonel Boone experienced the
saddest atttictioii of his life, in the death of his aged and beloved
wife. She had been the companion of his toils, dangers, sorrows
and pleasures for more than half a century, participating in the
same generous and heroic nature as himself. He loved her devo-
tedly, and their long and intimate association had so closely knit-
ted their hearts together that he seemed hardly able to exist with-
out her, and her death was to him an irrepai-able loss.

She was buried on the summit of a beautiful knoll, in the south-
ern part of (now) Warren county, about one mile southeast of
the little town of Marthasville. A small stream, called Teuque

LIFE OF DANIEL BOONE

49

creek, flows by the foot of this knoll, and pursues its tortuous
course to where it empties into the Missouri river, a few miles to
the southeast. Her grave overlooked the Missouri bottoms,
which are here about two miles in width, and now, since the tim-
ber has been cleared away, a fine view of the river can be ob-
tained from that spot.

Soon after the death of his wife, the old pioneer marked a
place by her side for his own grave, and had a coffin made of
black walnut for himself. He kept this coffin under his bed for

several years, and would
^ often draw it out and lie
down in it, "just to see how
it would fit." But finally a
stranger died in the com-
munity, and the old man,,
governed by the same liberal
■motives that had been hi&
-guide through life, gave his
coffin to the stranger. He
afterward had another made
of cherry, which was also
placed under his bed, and remained there until it received his
body for burial.

The closing years of his life were devoted to the society of
his neighbors, and his children and grandchildren, of whom he
was very fond. After the death of his wife, wishing to be near
her grave, he removed from his son Nathan's, on Femme
Osage creek, where they had lived for several yeai's previously,,
and made his home with his eldest daughter, Mrs. Flanders Calla^
way, who lived with her husband and family on Teuque creek,,
near the place where Mrs. Boone was buried. Flanders Callaway
removed from Kentucky to Missouri shortly before the purchase
of the territory by the United States, and received a grant of
land from the Spanish government.

Frequent visits were made by the old pioneer to the homes of
his other children, and his coming was always made the occasion
of an ovation to "grandfather Boone," as he was affectionately
called. Wherever he was, his time was always employed at some
useful occupation. He made powder-horns for his grandchildren
and neighbors, carving and ornamenting many of them with

DANIEL BOONE TRIES HIS COFFIN.

50 I'lONEKU KAMILIKS OF MISSOUUI

much taste. He repaired rilles, and performed various descrip-
tions of iiandicraft witli neatness and finisli.

Twice a year he would malie an excursion to some remote
hunting ground, accompanied by a negro boy, wlio attended to
the camp, sliinned and cleaned the game, and took care of his
aged master. While on one of these expeditions, the Osage
Indians attempted to rob him, but they met with such prompt and
determined resistance from Boone and his negro boy, that they
fled in haste, and molested them no more.

One winter he went on a hunting and trapping exeursior. up the
Grand river, a stream that rises in the southern part of Iowa and
empties into the Missouri river between Carroll and Kay counties.
lie was alone this time. He paddled his canoe up the Missouri
and then up the Grand river, until he found a retired place for
his camp in a cave among the bluffs. He then proceeded to make
the necessary preparations for trapping beaver, after which he
laid in his winter's supi)ly of venison, turkey, and bear's meat.

E.ach morning he visited his traps to secure his prey, i-eturn-
ing to his camp in such a manner as to avoid discovery by
any prowling bands of Indians that might be in the vicinity.
But one morning he had the mortification to discover a large en-
fampment of Indians near his traps, engaged in hunting. He re-
treated to his camp and remained there all da}', and fortunately
that night a deep snow fell and securely covered his traps. He
fontinucd in his camp for twenty days, until the Indians depart-
ed ; and during that time he had no fire except in the middle of
the night, when he cooked his food. He was afraid to kindle a
fire at auy other time, lest the smoke or light should discover his
hiding i)lacc to the savages. When the snow melted away, the
Indians departed, and left him to himself.

On another occasion he took pack-horses and went to the coun-
try on the Osage river, accompanied b}' his negro boy. Soon
after he had prepared his camp he was taken sick, and lay for a
long time in a dangerous condition. The weatiier was stormy
and disagreeable, which had a depressing effect both ujjon the old
Colonel and his servant boy. Finally the weather cleared up,
and there came a pleasant and delightful day. Boone felt that it
would do him good to walk out, and, with the assistance of his
staff and the bo}', he made his way to the summit of a small emi-
nence. Here he marked out the ground in the shai)e and size of
a grave, and told the boy that in case he should die he wanted to

LIKE OF DANIEL 1500NE 51

be buried there, at the same time giving full instructions as to
the manner of his l)urial. lie directed the boy, in case of liis
death, to wash and lay his body straight, wrai)i)ed in one of the
cleanest blankets. He was then to construct a kind of shovel,
and with that instrument and the hatchet, to dig a grave, exactly
as he had marked out. Then he was to drag the bodj'^ to the
spot and push it in the grave, after which he was to cover it,
placing posts at the head and foot. Poles were to be placed
tiround and over the surface, to prevent the grave from being
•opened by wild beasts ; the trees were to be marked, so the place
could be found hy his friends, and then the boy was to get the
horses, pack up the skins, guns, camp utensils, etc., and re-
turn home, where he was to deliver certain messages to the family.
All these instructions were given with entire calmness, as if he
were directing his ordinary business affairs.

In December, 1818, Boone was visited by the historian. Rev.
John M. Peck, who was deeply and favorably impressed by the
venerable appearance of the aged pioneer. Mr. Peck had written
his biography, and expected to obtain some additional notes from
him, but w&s so overcome by veneration and wonder, that he
asked only a few questions. If he had carried out his first inten-
tion he would no doubt have given us a perfectly correct account
of the life of this remarkable man, but as it was, a number of mis-
takes crept into his work, and many events of interest that occur-
red during the last few years of Boone's life were lost forever.

In the latter part of the summer of 1820, Boone had a severe
attack of fever, at his homeat Flanders Callaway's. But he re-
covered sufficiently to make a visit to the house of his son. Major
Nathan Boone, on Femme Osage creek. The children had heard
of his sickness, and were delighted to see grandfather again, and
everything was done that could be to make him comfortable.
For a few days he was happy in their society, and by his genial
disposition and pleasant manners diffused joy and gladness
throughout the entire household.

One day a nice dish of sweet potatoes — a vegetable of which he
was very fond — was prepared for him. He ate heartily, and soon
after had an attack from which he never recovered. He grad-
ually sank, and, after three days' illness, expired, on the 26th of
September, 1820, in the SGth year of his age.

He died calmly and peacefully, having no fear of death or the
future state of existence. He had never made any profession of

52

riOXEKR FAMILIES OF MISSOUHI

religion, or united with any church, but his entire life was a l>eau-
tiful example of the Golden Rule — " do unto others as yon would
that they should do unto you." In a letter to one of his sisters,
written a short time before his death, he said that he had alwaj-s
tried to live as an honest and conscientious man should, and was
perfectly willing to surrender his soul to the discretion of a
just God. His mind was not such as could lean upon simple
faith or mere belief, but it required a well considered reason for
everj'thing, and he died the death of a philosopher rather than that
of a Christian. His death was like the sleep of an infant — quiet,
peaceful and serene.

t'«RRI5 £ CC. tun. CI LUlUS,

THK HOISK IS WHICH DANIEL BOONE DIED.
(Tlie ilrst stone (Iwelling-house erected in JlissDuri.)

We present on this page a picture of the house in which Daniel
lioone died. At the time of his death he occupied the front room
on the first floor, to the right of the hall as you enter.

It has been stated in many of his "lives" that he died at a deer
"lick," with his gun in his hands, watching for deer. In others,
that he died, as he had lived, in a log cabin. But on the contra-
ry, the house was, and is — for it is still standing, just as repre-
sented in the picture — a neat, substantial, and comfortable stone
building.

LIFE OF DANIKL BOONE 53

The remains of the departed pioneer were sorrowfully placed in
the coffin he had prepared, and conveyed, the next day, to the
home of Mr. Flanders Callaway. The news of his decease had
spread rapidly, and a vast concourse of people collected on the
day of the funeral to pay their last respects to the distinguished
and beloved dead.

The funeral sermon was preached by Rev. James Craig, a son-in-
law of Major Nathan Boone ; and the house being too small to ac-
commodate the immense concourse of people, the coffin was carried
to the large barn near the house, into which the people crowded
to listen to the funeral services. At their close the coffin was
borne to the cemetery and sadly deposited in the grave that had
been prepared for it, close by the side of Mrs. Boone.

At the time of Boone's death the Constitutional Convention of
Missouri was in session at St. Louis, and upon receipt of the intel-
ligence a resolution was offered by Hon. Benjamin P^mmons, of St.
Charles, that the members wear the usual badge of mourning for
thirty days, in respect to the memory of the deceased, and ad-
journ for one day. The resolution was unanimously adopted.

The Boone family were noted for longevity. George Boone, a
brother of Daniel, died in Shelby county, Ky., in November, 1820,
at the age of eighty-three ; Samuel, another brother, died at the
age of eighty-eight ; Jonathan at eighty-six ; Mr&. Wilcox, a sis-
ter, at ninety-one ; Mrs. Grant, another sister, at eighty-four, and
Mrs. Smith, a third sister, at eighty-four. There is no record of
the deaths of the rest of Boone's brothers and sisters, except those
given heretofore, but they all lived to be old men and women.

AVhen Colonel Boone made choice of a place of burial for him-
self and famil3% and was so particular to enjoin his friends, if he
died from home, to remove his remains to the hill near Teuque,
he did not anticipate an event which occurred a quarter of a cen-
tury after his death, and which resulted in the remains of himself
and wife finding their last resting place on the banks of the Ken-
tucky river, in the land he loved so well.

The citizens of Frankfort had prepared a tasteful rural ceme-
tery, and, at a public meeting, decided that the most appropriate
consecration of the ground would be the removal of the remains
of Daniel Boone and his wife. The consent of the surviving rel-
atives was obtained, and in the summer of 1845, a deputation of
citizens, consisting of Hon. John J. Crittenden, Mr. William
Boone and Mr. Swaggat, came to jNIissouri on the steamer Daniel

54 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Boone, for the purpose of exhuming the relies and conveying-
them back to Kentucky.

The graves were situated on land belonging to Mr. Harvey
Griswold, who at first objected to the removal, as he intended to
build a monument over thi^m, and beautify the place. Mr. Gris-
wold was supported in his objections by a number of influential
citizens, who claimed that Missouri had as much right to the
remains of Daniel Boone as Kentucky, especially as the old
pioneer had selected the location of his grave, and had gixexi
such particular instructions in regard to his being buried there.

The gentlemen from Kentucky finally carried their point, how-
ever, and on the 17th of July, 1845, the remains of Daniel Boone-
and his wife were removed from their graves. The work was
done by King Bryan, Henry Angbert and Jeff. Callaway, col-
ored. Mrs. Boone's coffin was found to be perfectly sound, and
the workmen had but little difficulty in removing it ; but Colonel
Boone's coffin was entirely decayed, and the remains had to b&
picked out of the dirt by which they were surrounded. One or
two of the smaller bones were found afterward, and kept by Mr.
Griswold as relics.

The remains were placed in new coffins prepared for their re-
ception, and conveyed to Kentucky, where they were re-interred,
with appropriate ceremonies, in the cemetery at Frankfort, on the
20th of August, 1845. A vast concourse of people from all parts-
of the State had collected to witness the ceremonies. An oratiott
was delivered by Hon. John J. Crittenden, and Mr. Joseph B..
Wells, of Missouri, made an appropriate address.

The graves on the hill near Teuque creek were never refilled,
but remain to-day as they were left by the workmen, except that
the rains have partly filled them with dirt, and they are over-
grown with weeds and briars. Rough head stones had been
carved by Mr. Jonathan Bryan, and placed at the heads of the
graves. These were thrown back on the ground, and are still
lying there. Recently, pieces of the these stones have been,
chipped off and sent to Kentucky as mementoes.

PAET II.

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI.

One hundred years ago the territory west of the Mississippi
river was as unknown to the civilized races of mankind as tlie
wilds of Central Africa are to-day. p]ighty-one years ago there
was not an American settlement west of Kentucky, and the In-
dians of Illinois, part of Ohio, and all that vast territory lying to
the north, west and south-west, were undisturbed in their hunting
grounds. There were doubtless tribes in the remote West who
had never heard of white men, or of the coming of a superior
race that was to drive them, finally, into the Pacific Ocean. Now
this immense continent is dotted with large cities, thriving vil-
lages, and neat farm houses ; in every valley is heard the puffing
of the iron horse ; and there is hardly a foot of ground that has
not been trod, time and again, by the feet of white men. School
houses and workshops have pushed the smoky wigwams aside,
and leviathan steamboats plow and churn the waters over which
the stealthy canoe once glided. There are places which we call
old, and view with reverence as the abode of our ancestors, that
have not yet seen a century ! We talk of antiquities, and proudly
point out to strangers our "old landmarks," and yet there are
men and women still living who remember when Daniel Boone
came to — Upper Louisiana, or New Spain. St. Louis was then an
insignificant French village — now it is the third city of the United
States and the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley ! The Mis-
sissippi Valley ! A continent within itself, that numbers its pop-
ulation by millions! St, Charles was an Indian trading post, and

56 PIONEKK FAMILIES OF MI.SSOLKI

the country twenty miles west of it had been visited by onl}' a
few bold hunters. When Daniel Boone came, he went away out
into the wilderness, among the Indians and wild animals — twenty
miles west of St. Charles! and there he settled. When the
grandfather of the writer arrived in St. Louis, seventy-six j'ears
ago, the Spanish commandant would not give him a permit to
settle near the present town of Cap-au-Gris, in Lincoln county,
because it was too far out on the frontier, and exposed to attacks
from the Indians !

No one can view the astonishing growth of this great country
without amazement. It has sprung up as if by the conjuration
of some might}' magician, and one who lives in this good year of
187G can hardlj^ realize what Missouri and the West were eightj'-
one years ago.

In 1764 a company of French merchants settled Avhere tlic
great city of St. Louis now stands. They had received from the
Director-General of Louisiana an exclusive license to trade with
the Indian nations on the Missouri, and they called their settle-
ment, or encampment, St. Louis, in honor of their sovereign, the
king of France. In the autumn of the previous year (1763) a
French settlement had been established at Ste. Genevieve ; and
as early as 1720 Fort Chartres, in Illinois, had been built by the
French. In 1762 the territory west of the Mississippi was ceded
to Spain, but the little band of merchants at St. Louis did not
hear of the treaty until three years after. Communication be-
tween the old and the new world was not so rapid then as now.

In 1705 a party of French traders and explorers ascended the
Missouri to the Kansas river, on the now extreme western bound-
ary of the State of Missouri. They found the Indians friendly,
and glad of the opportunity to trade with them. The French
have always been very fortunate in their intercourse with the red
men.

For many years after its discovery, America was supposed to
abound in gold and silver, and most of the early expeditions
were undertaken for the purpose of seeking those precious metals.
In 1711) the Sieur de Lochon was sent out from France, by the
Company of the West, to seek for precious metals within the
present limits of Missouri. lie commenced digging on the
Meramec, and drew up a large (quantity of ore, from which he ob-
tained, according to his account, two drachms of silver ; but his
statement was generally disbelieved. He subsequently obtained a

KAllKY DAYS I\ MISSOURI 57

small amount of lead, and then returned to France. Other expe-
ditions were sent out at different times, but their success was not
gratifying. In 1719 Sieur Renault, one of the directors of
a private company, left France with two hundred artificers and
miners, provided with tools, and whatever else was necessary for
carrying the object of the company into effect. In his passage he
touched at the island of St. Domingo, and purchased five hundred
slaves to work in the mines. Entering the Mississippi, he pur-
sued his voyage up that river to New Orleans, which he reached
some time in 1720, and soon afterward proceeded on his wa3' to
Kaskaskia, in Illinois. Establishing himself near that place, he
sent out mining and exploring expeditions into different parts of
Illinois and Louisiana. These parties were headed cither by
himself or M, La Motte, an agent, who was well versed in the
knowledge of minerals, and whom he had brought with him from
France. In one of these expeditions, La Motte discovered the
lead mines in St. Francois, which still bear his name ; and
Renault discovered the extensive mines north of Potosi, which
are still called after the discoverer. Numerous other mines were
discovered and extensively worked, and the remains of their
antique works, overgrown with brush and trees, are still to be
found. The lead was conveyed from tl«e interior on pack-horses,
and sent to New Orleans, from whence it was shipped to France:
The war between France and Spain, which commenced in 1719,
extended to the territory of Louisiana, and agents of the rival
governments were constantly at work among the Indians, each
endeavoring to stir up their animosity against the other. Some
time between 1720 and 1724, the French sent an expedition up
the Missouri river, which landed on an island a considerable dis-
tance above the mouth of the Osage. Here a fort was built,
which they called Fort Orleans. On the arrival of this force, the
different tribes of Indians in the vicinity were engaged in a
bloody war, which greatly diminished the trade and rendered
intercourse with them extremely hazardous. The French, there-
fore, desired to bring about a general peace, and commenced
negotiations for that purpose. Their efforts 'were crowned with
the desired success in 1724. Soon after this event, however,
Fort Orleans was attacked and totally destroyed, and all the gar-
rison massacred. It was never known by whom this bloody work
was done.

The French now began to ex[)erience trouble with the Indians,

'j8 PIONEEK families of MISSOURI

and for sixteen years a desultory warfare was kept up. Renault,
however, remained in the colony, and continued to work the lead
mines until 1742, when he returned to France.

Four years after the treaty of 1762, Spain made an attempt to
take possession of her newly acquired territory, but there was so
much opposition on the part of the inhabitants, that the Spanish
Governor and his troops were compellied to abandon their design
and return to Havana. The government continued to be admin-
istered in the name of the French King until 1769, when it was
peaceably transferred to the Spanish government, the people hav-
ing become reconciled to the change, from a conviction that it
was inevitable. Louisiana was re-ceded to France in 1800, and
three years afterward it was ceded by France to the United States.
Its substantial growth may be dated from that period. The be-
neficent laws and institutions of our republic, united with an un-
surpassed climate, a soil exhaustless in its fertility, and a i^eople
distinguished for their intelligence and enterprise, could not fail
to produce a great and prosperous country. Its progress, how-
ever, has been more rapid than the wildest enthusiast could have
imagined, and, though less than a century old, our institutions
rank with those of the oldest and most progressive nations of the
world. Having accomplished so much in two-thirds of the first
century of our existence, what may we not hope and expect of
the century which is to follow?

FIRST AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS.

The first American settlements within the present limits
of the State of Missouri, were made in 1795, on Femme
Osage creek, in what is now St. Charles county. From
that time they rapidly extended in all directions, except during a
period of three years, while the Indian war lasted, when every-
thinor remained at a stand-still. The first American settlements
in the present counties of Warren, Montgomery, and Callaway
were made from 1800 to 1815.

When Daniel Boone came to Missouri (which was then called
Upper Louisiana or New Spain), in 1795, there was a French vil-
lage and Indian trading post at St. Charles, at that time the most

EARLY DATS IN MISSOVUI 59

remote settlement of white people on the continent of North Amer-
ica. The place was then called Les Petite Cotes (little hills),
which was afterward changed to Village des Cotes (the village of
the hills), which names were applied to it on account of its beau-
tiful, elevated location. When the Anjericans began to settle
there and in th€ vicinity, they found the name hard to pronounce
and understand, and it was changed to St. Charles, but by whom
or when is not positively known.

The foundation of this town is shrouded in some degree of mys-
tery, as well as romance. Widely different dates are given as to
its first settlement, by equally reliable authorities, and the exact
date will probably never be known. Several authorities give 1780
as the year of its settlement ; others 1762 ; others again place it at
1766 and 1769. One of the two latter dates is doubtless correct,
and we incline to the belief that 1766 is the one. This belief is
strengthened by a dim tradition among old citizens of that vicini-
ty, that 1766 was the year in which the village was founded. In
this connection we give the following highly colored and very im-
probable romance, from "Hopewell's Legends of the Missouri and
Mississippi," stating in advance, however, that we put no reli-
ance in it, from the fact that it is written in the dime novel style.
and is full of improbabilities and absurdities from first to last.
IJut it will doubtless interest some of the readers of this unpreten-
tious book, and we therefore present it as we found it. Here fol-
the romance :

In the year 1765, a daring Frenchman, called Blanchette Chas-
seur, animated by that love of adventure which characterizes all
who have lived a roving and restless life, ascended the Missouri,
with a few followers, for the purpose of forming a settlement in
the then remote wilderness.

He was one of those who encountered perils dhd endured, pri-
vations, not from necessity, but from choice ; for he had been born-
to affluence, and had every indulgence consistent with wealth and
station, but from a boy had spurned, with Spartan prejudice,
every effeminate trait, and had accomplished himself in ever}'
hardy and manly exercise. When he had attained his majority,
he sailed for America, then the El Dorado of all the visionary,
roving and restless spirits of the age. He loved the Indian and
the wilderness, and after a sojourn in the wilds for some months,
the attractions of La Belle France were forgotten, and Blanchette
Chasseur became the leader of the hardy pioneers of civilization
at that early period. So assimilated had he become to the scenes
in which he lived and mingled, that he forgot his caste.^ and con-

60 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

descended to mingle his noble blood with that of the aborigines
of the country, by taking as partners of his itinerant wigwams
young squaws of the tribes which were in the vicinity of his wan-
derings.

At the period which we have mentioned, Blanchette Chasseur
had but three followers — two Canadian hunters, and a half-breed
Indian. It was near sunset one afternoon in October, when they
rowed up the swift-running current of the muddy Missouri, The
vast forests skirting the river had that rich golden hue found only
in America, and the tops of the trees, flooded with the dazzling
glory of the sunbeams, looked gorgeous beyond description.
There were several small hills at a little distance, and from one
of these they saw the smoke ascending from a camp-fire.

Blanchette Chasseur, feeling confident that he was in the vicini-
ty of a party of Indians, with that fearlessness and curiosity which
made up, so largely, a portion of his character, determined to see
and learn, if possible, their business in the neighborhood and to
what tribe they belonged. He landed his little boat where some
bushes grew thick upon the banks, and, armed with his rifle, pro-
ceeded alone toward the encampment. When he was within a
hundred yards of the camp-fire, seeing that he was discovered by
the Indians, he stopped in his course, and taking a soiled piece
of cloth from his pocket, tied it to the end of his gun, and waved
it in token of friendly intentions.

At this signal of friendship from Blanchette Chasseur, an old
Indian, of low stature but herculean build, came towards him.
He was followed by a band of warriors, who as well as he, were
begrimed with paint ; but the old Indian, from his rich display
of beads and the plumage of birds, together with the deference
paid to him by the band, was evidently the chief. The whole
party had been on the war-path, for several fresh scalps dangled
from the belts of some of the warriors ; and the cincture of the
old chief, through its whole circumference, was frizzled with the
hair of the enemies subdued in man}' conflicts, but was totally un-
like the fabled girdle. of the Paphian goddess, which gave to its
possessor transcendent loveliness — for the old chief was as hid-
eous in his features as the veiled prophet of Korassan.

Blanchette Chasseur, with his ever-glowing courage, felt some
slight chilling sensations glide through his frame, as he looked
upon such a number of war-like Indians, besmeared with paint,
with their reeking trophies of savage prowess. Nevertheless, he
addressed them in an Indian tongue with which he was familiar, tell-
ing them he was a white man ascending the Missouri, and that
he loved the Indian. The old chief gazed upon him with a full,
attentive smile, and mollifying somewhat his rugged features, told
him he was welcome, and to call his followers, whom Blanchette
had left with the canoe.

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 61

The half-breed Indian, from the departure of Blanchette, had
commenced to show symptoms of alarm, and when he saw the
painted warriors, with their bows and arrows, their tomahawks
and scalp-locks, some of which were still gory, his philosophy for-
sook him, and, darting from the canoe, and with almost the fleet-
ness of a deer, endeavored to place as much distance as possible
between himself and the supposed enemies. The old chief told
his warriors to give chase, and capture without injuring him.
With a yell that rang loud and echoing through the solitude, the
fleet-footed warriors started after the fugitive, and, in a short
time, the poor half-breed, more dead than alive, was brought to
the encampment. His swarthy face looked pale with excessive
fright ; he kept one hand upon the crown of his head, as if he ex-
pected every moment that an attack would be made upon his scalp,
and made such horrible grimaces, that the old chief shook with
excess of laughter. Blanchette Chasseur, pitying his follower —
who, though a coward, was faithful — calmed his fright by telling
him that his scalp was as safe upon his head as the crown upon
the imperial monarch of France.

All excitement being allayed, the old chief and warriors, and
Blanchette Chasseur and followers, then sat, side by side, at a
large fire, and smoked the pipe of peace — an essential proceeding
among the Indians, as significant of friendship. Blanchette Chas-
seur then told one of his men to go to the boat, and bring, from
beneath a seat, a jug well filled with the fluid which causes the
tongue to rattle, the heart to expand, and the reason to sleep.

At the sight of the jug, the old chief rose quickly to his feet,
seized it in his large hands, extracted the cork in a twinkling —
and placed his nose to the aperture. He then gave vent to the
most extravagant rapture. He cut a caper in the air that would
have been creditable to an equestrian clown, embraced Blanchette
Chasseur with the ardor of a newly accepted lover; and, spread-
ing wide his short legs, so as to have a secure base, placed the
large jug to his lips, and took a long suck of its contents. He
then took a little pewter mug, that Blanchette Chasseur had in his
hands, and dealt a sparing allowance to the warriors, and, after
serving all with thq diligence, if not the grace of a Ganymede, he
threw aside the cup, and, again fortifying himself like a Colossus
of Rhodes, he drank long and deeply ; then drawing a long breath,
he said, turning to Blanchette, " &est bon; fen ai assez," (it is
good ; I have enough.)

Both Blanchette Chasseur and the old chief had a good supply
of dried provisions, and all were soon in the humor to do justice
to a supper. During the repast, the desirable jug was several
times called upon to contribute freely, and such was the potency
of its power over the usually cold stoicism of the savages, that,
in a short time, they commenced to laugh and boast of their re-

62 PIONEEK FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

cent exploits, and became on the most familiar terms with their
new friends.

The old chief, seeing everything on the most friendly footing,
with his stomach overflowing with whisky and dried beef, became
Tery garrulous and familiar. Blanchette manifesting some sur-
prise at his readiness in speaking the French language, he told
iiim, if he were not too sleepy, he would relate to him some of
the stirring incidents of an eventful life.

Blanchette signifying a wish to hear the narrative, the old war-
rior thus began :

THE NARRATIVE OF BERNARD GUILLET, THE CHIEF OP THE BAKOTAHS.

" My good friend, the first thing I have to tell you is, that I
Jim a Frenchman, and not an Indian. I was born near Marseilles,
in the southern part of France, of poor, but respectable parents,
who died within three months of each other, when I had attained
eleven years of age. My mother died last, and a few hours be-
fore her death, with a feeble effort, she took a rosary which she
kept constantly suspended from her neck, and hung it upon mine,
murmuring some indistinct words. I have thought of them often
«ince, and I know that they were blessings. After losing my
parents my troubles commenced. It is not worth my while to
dwell upon trivial incidents ; let it suffice to say that four months
iifter I lost my parents, I was, by the authorities, apprenticed to a
tanner. I was worked hard and almost starved ; and, from the
wrongs that I had continually heaped upon me, I date the change
in my disposition, which was naturally gentle, into fierce and
vindictive elements. I was kicked about much more than a sorry
cur we had in the establishment, named Carlo. However, I looked
upon Carlo as my only friend, and he loved me in return. We
were bedfellows. Things continued in this way until I became
seventeen years of age, at which time my mind became sufficient-
ly developed to comprehend, to its fullest extent, the unjust treat-
ment I received from my master, who still continued to beat me as
usual for every trivial fault or fancied omission. My blood often
boiled during the chastisements, and I felt ready to exterminate the
wretch upon the spot. One evening, in a paroxysm of rage, I
killed him. Working hours were over, and as usual I was looking
over some books that I had gradually collected together, so as to
improve my mind. My rosary was in my hand, and the current
of my thoughts had floated from my book to the by-gone days,
with which was associated the image of my mother. My master
came in, and seeing me with the beads, snatched them from my
hands and gave me a buff upon the cheek, saying, I was a good-
for-nothing, lazy fellow. I entreated him to return the rosary,
telling him it was the last gift of a deceased mother.

"'Your mother, you vagabond?' replied he; 'who was she
but a strumpet?'

KAKLY DAYS IX MI8S0UKI 63

" Blood swam before m}- eyes — ray heart was on fiie, and the
voices of all the devils whispered vengeance ! I sprang at his
throat with a yell of rage, and clenched it like a vice ! When I
released the hold he was dead, and I, Bernard Guillet, was a
murderer!

"I fled that night to Marseilles, where a vessel was just leav-
ing for the new world. I ottered myself as a common sailor, and
as the captain was short of hands, I was taken without any
inquiries. We were soon out of the harbor, and I was compara-
tively safe from pursuit.

"After a voyage of three months, we reached the shores of
America, and fearing that I might be pursued for the murder of
my master, I went far into the interior of Canada, and engaged
with a man who traded for furs with the Indians. Somehow or
other, I became attached to the vagabond life I led. I soon
learned to speak the tongues of several of the Indian tribes ; en-
gaged in business on my own account ; hunted with the hunters ;
and, took to wife one of the daughters of a chief of the Senecas.
After thus linking myself by a new tie to the Indians, I threw off
the few civilized habits which still clung to me, and adopted all
the wild independence of my new relations. I still visited, how-
ever, yearly, the trading posts of the whites, chiefly for the
purpose of gaining powder and lead, and a good proportion of
whisky. We were engaged in several wars with the neighboring
tribes, and I became a distinguished warrior. In all probability,
I had passed m^- life with the Senecas. had not my wife died in
■childbed. I sincerely mourned her loss ; not that I can say that
I really loved her ; but I had lived with her for seven years, and
she was obedient to m}- slightest wisii. She had borne me four
children, all of whom died.

"After the death of mj' wife, I became desirous of change, and
determined to go far into the West, and lead the life of a trapper
and hunter. One evening, unknown to anyone, about nightfall,
I took my tomahawk, rifle, a good supply of ammunition, and
departed upon my long journey. I easily subsisted upon the
proceeds of the chase, for then game was everywhere. I traveled
through many regions, and followed the course of many rivers,
yet always keeping towards the setting sun ; sometimes, tarrying
in a place two or three v.eeks, so as to try effectually what it
would yield in the way of furs and peltries.

" On the banks of the Muskingum river, I was nearly losing
my life. It was a warm day ; and, being somewhat fatigued and
drowsy, about midday-, I lay beneath a large maple, which offered
a fine shade, that I miglit take a comfortable nap. I know not
how long I lay there ; but I felt a dead, heavy weight upon my
breast that nearl3- mashed me. I thought I had the niglitmare,
and tried to struggle with the witch that was riding me, when the

(54 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

effort awoke me, and I found a lar£,e red skin bestriding my bodvt
and another commencing to bind me witli thongs. I was then
under thirty, and as strong as a buffalo.

" With a sudden effort, I threw the red devil who was making
a pack-horse of me, and gaining my feet, struck the other a blow
with my fist that made him whirl as a top. I then had time to
draw my knife, as the Indian I had thrown from iny breast gained
his feet. He was soon finished ; but the other had seized Nancy
(a name I had given my rifle, in honor of my mother), and had
it pointed, with sure aim, at my heart. Sacre Dieu ! how funny I
felt when I was thinking of the ball that was coming through me ;
but Nancy snapped — I don't know whether from accident or not ;
but I have always thought that the name of my mother had some-
thing to do with it. You may smile ; but it does me good to think
that her spirit can now and then come near me. I killed the In-
dian with a blow of my tomahawk, and took the scalps of them
both. They were of the Miamis.

" I still kept westward," said the old chief, taking another pull
from the bottle ; " and, after some fifteen months, came to the
banks of the Mississippi. Then I got so far from civilizatian that
I determined to give up all idea of trading with whites, for a time,
and to find some locality to pack furs for a few years ; by which
time I calculated that plenty of trading posts would be established
in those parts. I coursed along the Mississippi for a few days,
and, seeing a large river flowing into it, I crossed over in a canoe
I found hidden on the bank of a river, and ascended it by cours-
ing along its banks, until I reached the neighborhood in which
we now are. That was, as near as I can guess, about twenty or
twenty-five years ago. Here I found plenty of deer and beaver,
and determined to stop. So I built a little hut and commenced
trapping beaver and muskrats. I was very successful during the
first year, when, all of a sudden, I found that my luck had stopped.
I soon suspicioned the cause — my traps had been robbed. I de-
termined to find out the thief. One night I lay near one of mj"
most successful traps, and about daylight, or a little before, I saw
the outlines of an Indian going to the spot where my trap was. He
had a beaver in his hand, which he had taken from one of my
other traps. I leveled Nancy, and he fell dead. After scalping
him, I let him lie.

"A few days afterward, walking by the spot, I discovered
that his body had been removed. I was much alarmed, for I
knew the Indians had been there, and had taken away the dead
body of their comrade. I fortified my little cabin as well as pos-
sible, and went out but seldom. About two months afterward, I
was surprised one morning, before sunrise, by the sound of a war-
whoop in front of my cabin, accompanied by efforts to break open
the door. I thought that my hour had come, but 1 determined to

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 65

die game. I seized Nancy, put my rosary into my bosom in case
I fell, that I might call on the Virgin for grace from the Son, and
jumped to a loop-hole I had prepared before. There were ten
savages, and they used no precaution, thinking that the mere
sight of their numbei's would make me surrender. One fell dead
at the call of Nancy, then another, and, in the space of an hour,
a third. They then became cautious, and, surrounding my cabin
at all points, succeeded in firing it. Tonnerre de Di w, how it
burned! I stood it some time, and, when I was almost roasted,
I jumped from the blazing roof. I had no chance. Directly I
touched the ground I was overpowered and bound.

" I felt as if my doom was sealed, for I was a captive in the
hands of the Dakotas, who had come a long distance to take my
scalp for killing one of their tribe — him who had robbed my traps.
I was destined to a terrible death, and I knew it by their conver-
sation on the journey. My skin peeled from my limbs, leaving a
mass of raw flesh, so severely was I burned, but I was compelled
to journey in my sufferings. After many days' travel we came to
the chief village, and warriors, old men, women, and children,
came to meet us. They all commenced abusing me, spitting upon
me, and beating me. It was horrible to feel that I was all alone
among the savages, sick and weak from the burns I had received.
My only consolation was thinking of my mother.

"A council of the old men and chiefs of the nation was held,
and, as I had expected, I was doomed to the fire-death. For two
days there were great preparations for barbecuing me ; and,
when all was complete, I was delivered to the executioners. I
was stripped perfectly naked, and my feet unbound. I had first
to run a gauntlet. A row of boys and women were on each side
of the way I had to run, and, when I started for the goal, flaming
firebrands were thrust in my skin ; spears and arrows pierced my
flesh, and blows from clubs came in showers upon my defenceless
body. I gained the goal, and fainted as I gained it.

" When I recovered consciousness, I found myself tied to a
tree, and the Indian boys preparing to shoot at me for a target.
The arrows stuck in my body in all directions, but did not touch
any vital part, the object being not to kill but torture me. I tried
by sudden efl^orts to twist my body so as to disappoint their aim,
that I might be killed, but I was too tightly bound and had to
suflFer. After amusing themselves until I was a mass of bleeding
wounds, it was determined to end the scene by placing me at the
stake. I was bound to a post around which were piles of
resinous wood. The torch was ready to be applied, and my last
thoughts were on meeting my mother, when an Indian woman
rushed to the stake, and claimed me as her husband, in place of
one she had lost. No one disputed her claim, and I was led to
her lodge, and my rifle, and all other property that the Indians
5

66 riONKER FAMILIES OV MISSOURI

had brought from my hut, were restored to me. She bestowed
every attention on me, and I slowly recovered. I was formally
adopted by the nation and became a great favorite, doing them
great service in their wars against the Pawnees and Chippewas.
The chief of the tribe gave me his only daughter for a wife, and
he dying I was made chief of the nation, and am so still."

Blanchette Chasseur thanked the chief for his interesting his-
tory, and after drinking each other's health from the jug, which
effectually exhausted its contents, they lay down, and were soon
following the example of their snoring followers.

Next morning, Bernard Guillet, the chief of the Dakotas,
invited Blanchette Chasseur to visit him in his remote home, say-
ing that he would never get as far east again, as he was advancing
in years, and was tired of taking scalps.

"Bernard," said Blanchette Chasseur to the old chief, before
his departure, "when you lived here did you give any name
to your home ? ' '

"I called the place ' Les Petites Cotes,'" replied Bernard,
" from the sides of the hills that you see."

" By that name shall it be called," said Blanchette Chasseur,,
"for it is the echo of nature — beautiful from its simplicity."

The two friends then separated. The chief of the Dakotaa
with his warriors wended their way back to their tribe, and Blan-
chette Chasseur again descended the Missouri, determined in a
short time to return to Les Petites Cotes, and there form a settle-
ment. He did so. In 1769 (four years after) he formed a settle-
ment, and called the town that he laid out, " Les Petites Cotes."
It soon grew to a thriving village, and many years afterward
was changed to St. Charles.

Femme Osage creek derived its name from the drowning of an
Osage squaw. Many years prior to the date of the first Ameri-
can settlements, some Indians of that tribe were hunting in
that part of the country, and one of their squaws, having been
on an errand somewhere, was returning to her people. The
stream was swollen from recent rains, and in attempting to cross
it on her pony, the current swept them away from the ford, and
she was drowned. The Indians, therefore, called the stream
Femme Osage, or Osage woman's creek.

Most of the pioneers of Missouri were from the States of
Kentucky and Virginia, with a few from North and South
Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.

They were a hardy, honest, friendly class of people, addicted
to hospitality and neighborly intercourse. Most of them came
to the West because they wanted to be free — free from the
restraints and shams of society, and the domineering influence of

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 67

money and aristocracy. A few came to evade the penalty of
tlie laws which they had violated at home, but there wgre not
many of this class, and their standing and character being soon
found out, they were shunned by the better class of people.

With the exception of the Boone families, their relations and
friends, most of the pioneers were strangers to each other ; but
every newly arrived stranger met a hearty welcome, and was
treated as an old friend, merely because he had come, probabh^
from the same State in the East or South. It was enough to
know that he had come from the liome State, and at once he was
treated like an old acquaintance and friend. Or, if he happened
to be a stray sheep, from some of the outside States, he was still
treated as a friend — because they all wanted to be friendly.

Rev. Timothy Flint, an educated Presbyterian minister of New
England, who lived in St. Charles for several years during the
first part of the present century, thus wrote of the people and
some of their habits :

" In approaching the country, I heard a thousand stories of
"gougings," and robberies, and shooting down with the rifle. I
have traveled in these regions thousands of miles under all cir-
cumstances of exposure and danger. I have traveled alone, or
in company only with such as needed protection, instead of being
able to impart it ; and this, too, in many instances, where I was
not known as a minister, or where such knowledge would have
had no influence in protecting me. I never have carried the
slightest weapon of defence. I scarcely remember to have,
experienced anything that resembled insult, or to have felt myself
in danger from the people. I have often seen men that had lost
an eye. Instances of murder, numerous and horrible in their
circumstances, have occurred in my vicinity. But they were such
lawless rencounters as terminate in murdel* everywhere, and in
which the drunkenness, brutality and violence were mutual.
They were catastrophes, in which quiet and sober men would not
be involved. * * * xhe first Sabbath that I preached in
St. Charles [about 1816], before morning worship, directly
opposite where worship was to take place, there was a horse-race.
The horses received the signal to start just as I rode to the
door. « * * I5ut J cannot forbear to relate that

six years after, when I left the place, it was after a communion,
where services had been performed in a decent brick church, in
which forty communicants had received communion."

The same gentleman, speaking more directly of the people
whom he found here at that early period, said:

The backwoodsman of the West, as I have seen him, is

11

68 riONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

generally an amiable and virtuous man. His general motive for
coming here is to be a freeholder, to have plenty of rich land,
and to be able to settle his childi'en about him. I fully believe
that nine in ten of the emigrants have come here with no other
motive. You find, in truth, that he has vices and barbarisms,
peculiar to his situation. His manners are rough. He wears, it
may be, a long beard. He has a great quantity of bear or deer
skins wrought into his household establishment, his furniture and
dress. He carries a knife, or a dirk, in his bosom, and when in
the woods has a rifle on his back, and a pack of dogs at his heels ;
but remember that his rifle and his dogs are among his chief
means of support and profit. Remember that all his first days
here were spent in dread of savages. Remember that he still
encounters theni, still meets bears and panthers. Enter his door,
and tell him you are benighted, and wish the shelter of his cabin
for the night. The welcome is, indeed, seemingly ungracious:
'I reckon you can sta}',' or, ' I suppose we must let you stay.'
But this apparent ungraciousness is the harbinger of every kind-
ness that he can bestow, and every comfort that his cabin can
afford. Good coffee, corn bread and butter, venison, pork, wild
and tame fowls, are set before you. His wife, timid, silent, re-
served, but constantly attentive to your comfort, does not sit at
the table with j'ou, but like the wives of the patriarchs, stands
and attends on you. You are shown the best bed which the
house can afford. When this kind of hospitality has been afford-
ed you as long as you choose to stay, and when you depart, and
speak about your bill, you arc most commonly told with some
slight mark of resentment, that they do not keep tavern. Even
the flaxen-headed urchins will run away from your money."

To such a degree was this spirit of hospitality carried that one
who kept a tavern and charged for his accommodations, was look-
ed down upon by his neighbors as not the right sort of a man to
associate with.

In those days there were no railroads or steamboats, nor even
stage coaches, to convey passengers from place to place, and the
earl}' settlers had to depend upon their own resources. Some
built flat-boats and keel-boots, into which they loaded their goods
and families, and floated down the Ohio and its tributaries to the
Mississippi, and then toiled up that stream to the Missouri, and
up the latter to their destination, dragging their clumsy boats by
tow-lines, or forcing them along with oars and poles. Others
packed their goods, and wives, and children on horses, and came
through the wilderness, supplying themselves with meat from the
wild game which the}' killed with their rifles as they came along.
And still others, too poor either to own horses or build boats,

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 69

shouldered what few articles of worldly goods they possessed, and
came on foot.

They all located in the woods, near the water courses,
and built their houses adjoining some nice, cool, bubbling spring.
The idea of settling on the rich prairies never occurred to them.
They imagined that the prairies never could be cultivated, be-
cause there was no water on them, and no timber to fence them.
They did not know, then, that water could be had by digging
ponds and cisterns, or that fences could be made by hedging and
ditching, or by hauling rails from the adjoining timber. Now
the prairies are more valuable than the timbered lands, because
they are easier to cultivate, and it requires comparatively little
labor to put them in a condition to be cultivated.

Their houses were built of rough logs, with puncheon floors,
clapboard roofs, and great, broad, flaring chimneys, composed of
sticks and mud. Sometimes they had no floors in their houses,
except the ground, beaten smooth and hard, and swept clean
every day. Iron nails were not to be had, and the boards of their
roofs were fastened with wooden pins, or weighted with poles and
stones. One of these old-fashioned houses — two stories high,
however, and built of hewn logs — still stood, within one hundred
yards of where Daniel Boone and his wife were buried, no longer
than five years ago.

A house-raising was a great event, and the people would go
ten, fifteen, and even twenty and thirty miles, to assist on these
occasions. The women and girls went, too, and cooked
I'ousing dinners of venison, turkey, bear's meat, corn bread, etc.
These were relished with fresh honey, taken from trees in the
woods, and washed down with clear water from the spring ; or,
occasionally, with pure, unadulterated whisky. The luxuries of
tea and coffee were almost unknown, except among a few of the
old ladies, who had become accustomed to them in former times
and could not very well do without them. Some of these old
ladies would walk to St. Charles or St. Louis, a journey of four
or five days, to buy a little tea and coffee, so great was their de-
sire for these luxuries. Others contented themselves with sassa-
fras tea, sweetened with honey, or coffee made of parched rye or
corn, which had the name and color, and imagination supplied
the rest. The woods were full of bee trees, and honey was abun-
dant. They kept it stored away in cellar-pits and spring-houses
by the barrel, where it would grain and become so thick that

70 PIOXEEU FAMII^IE.-i Ol' MlSSOLltl

it could be cut out in slices with a knife — sweeter and more de-
licious than the nicest candy that was ever made. An old pioneer,
still living, often laughs and tells how his mother went to the
spring-house once, and found a favorite cat smothered to death in
a barrel of honey. The cat and a portion of the honey around it
were dipped out, and they tried to eat the rest, but it always re-
mained on the table untasted, and it was finally thrown away.

Milk and butter were in the greatest abundance, and the latter
was sent to market at St. Charles — after that place became large
enough to aflPord a market — by the barrel. Only a few were
able to own churns, and those who did not possess that useful do-
mestic article, used large bottles or gourds instead. The milk
was placed in the bottle or gourd and shaken until the butter
"came." A few, more progressive than the others, resorted to
the expedient of saddling a mule or a rough trotting horse, and
trotting around until the milk was churned. These same progi-es-
sive persons were known, on different occasions, when in a great
hurry, to walk three or four miles after a horse to ride half that
distance.

The "range" was so good that cattle and horses, and other
stock, did not require feeding more than three months out of
twelve, and then a few ears of corn was all they wanted. They
kept fat all the year round. The wild rye, grass and peavine grew
80 high that it would reach a man's shoulders when riding through
it on horseback, and so thick that large logs and trees, that had been
blown down, would be completely hid from view. This state-
ment seems a little unreasonable, but it is vouched for by a num-
ber of persons who know it to be true.

During the summer, when the cattle and horses were not fed,
they would become wild, unless salted regularly and accustomed
to the voices and presence of their owners. The salting was gen-
erally done by the boys, who sometimes got themselves into
great danger by their recklessness. One of these boys went into
the woods, one day, to salt his father's cattle, and, thinking to have
a little fun, began to bleat like a calf in distress. Instantly the
whole herd of several hundred came dashing towards him with
their horns lowered.^ and bellowing furiously. The boy sprang
from his horse and climbed a small tree, just in time to escape be-
ing trampled to death by the infuriated nnimals, who kept him in
the tree for several hours, bellowing around him and plowing the
dirt with their horns and hooffs. He never tried that prank again.

EAULY DAYS IN MISSOURI 71

The same boy and his brothers used to amuse themselves by
frightening the sheep. In driving them from the sheepfold into
the pasture they had to pass through a pair of bars, and it was
the custom for one of the boys to lie down behind the bars, and
when the sheep came near, spring up and hiss, which would fright-
en them and make them scatter in every dii'ection, much to
the amusement of the boys. But one morning the sheep were a
little too quick, and the foremost ones had passed through the
the bars and over the boy before he could spring up. Of course
the whole flock followed, and the louder the boy screamed the
faster the sheep came, until they were all through. His back was
sore for a week, where tliey had jumped upon him with their feet,
and he was satisfied after that to let the sheep alone.

Another anecdote about these boys will not be out of place, as
it goes to show that human nature, as represented in boys, was
about the same then as it is now, notwithstanding a great many
good people of the present age seem to think children are worse
than they ever were at any other period of the world's existence.
Nearly all of the first settlers owned negro slaves, and the black
and white children generally played and worked together on equal
terms. One day the boy to whom we have referred was plowing
in a field with two of his brothers and a colored boy about their
own age. The day being very warm, they stopped under a tree
to rest and cool — and play. During their conversation the sub-
ject of hanging was broached, and the colored boy expressed a
desire to know, by practical experience, how it felt. The others
were not slow in announcing their readiness to gratify his wish ;
and, procuring a plow-line, one end of it was thrown over a limb
and the other tied in a noose around the boy's neck. The agree-
ment was that when he had hung long enou'gh to gratify his curi-
osity, he was to whistle and they were to let him down. The pre-
liminaries being all completed, they hoisted him up, and would
have hanged him until he was dead, if the old gentleman, who was
in the barn near by, had not seen them and ordered them to let
him down. When he came down he was senseless and limber as
a rag, and it was some time before he recovered consciousness
His neck was very sore for several days, and he was never after-
ward heard to express a desire to know how hanging felt.

A great deal of pure whisky and brandy were used in those
days, and every farmer, who was able to aflbrd it, built a small
still house. They were not troubled with revenue officers and

72 PIONEER FAMILIES OF JIISSOURI

collectors, or government stamps, and other contrivances for rais-
ing taxes, so familiar at the present time ; but every one made his
own Hquor, freely and openly, from the pure juice of the grain
or fruit, and then drank it himself, and gave it to his family and
neighbors to drink, without any compunctions of conscience. Men,
women and children drank whisky and brandy, because it was
pure, and they considered it healthy and pleasant to the taste.
There were perhaps more drunkards then, in proportion to popu-
lation, than now, but there were fewer premature deaths, derange-
ments, and cases of deUruvi tremens, growing out of the use of al-
coholic stimulants. When one neighbor visited another, the whis-
ky and sugar, or honey, were set before him, and all drank freely.
It was considered an insult and sufficient cause for discontinuinsr
friendly relations, if you visited a neighbor and were not asked to
drink. Cups and glasses could not be had, and hence they used
gourds, wild cymlings, and horns for drinking purposes. "Will
you take a horn?" was the usual mode of asking a person to
take a drink, and the expression has never gone out of use. Jugs
and barrels were scarce, and large gourds, holding several gallons,
were grown, in which whisky and other liquids were stored away.

Earthenware cups, saucers, plates, etc., were not used, as they
could not be purchased in the country ; and knives and forks were
unknown until a comparatively modern date. Their plates were
made of pewter, kept scoured bright and clean, and in place of
knives and forks they used their hunting knives and pocket
knives, aided by their fingers, and occasionally wooden spoons.
Wooden trays and bowls took the place of iron and tin vessels of
modern times. Pots were sometimes made of raw hide, or green
bark, and they would last a considerable length of time, the boil-
ing water or other liquid on the inside preventing them fi'om burning.
For chairs they had rough stools, or frames with raw hide stretched
over them ; sometimes the trunks of small trees were sawed off
the proper length, and, cushioned with bear skins or buffalo robes,
made very comfortable seats. One man is reported to have used
large pumpkins for stools, into which the rats gnawed after the
seeds, and made things lively for the man and his children. Tiiis,
however, we do not vouch for.

Nearly all the first settlers brought seeds of different kinds of
fruit with them, from which they soon obtained bearing orchards ;
though the fruit, being all seedling, was generally of an inferior
quality. This, however, was not always the case, for some very

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI

75

fine varieties of apples, peaclies, and pears originated in those
old orchards.

Very little attention was given to agriculture, the men and boys-
devoting most of their time to hunting and trapping, which waa
the most profitable employment they could engage in. The wom-
en and girls did the cooking and washing, weaving, sewing and
knitting, and had a much harder time than their male relatives.
Their dresses were made of cotton and lindsey, manufactured en-
tirely by their own hands ; and frequently a great deal of taste
was displayed in the coloring (which was done with roots and
bark) and the combination of colors in weaving. A sti'iped lind-
sey dress was considerd a beautiful article of apparel. Four tO'
five yards of cloth was generally suflficient for a dress, as they
were made short and small in the skirt. The men and boys raised
the cotton, and sheared the sheep, but the cotton and wool were
picked, washed, carded, spun, woven, and made into garments by
the women and girls. Sometimes all hands, old and young, large
and small, would sit up late at night and pick cotton, the little
ones being kept awake by promises of supper when they had com-
pleted their tasks. This supper consisted of nothing more than a
piece of buttered corn bread and a gourd of milk, for those old-
fashioned people were impressed with the idea that heavy suppers

EARLY DAYS IN MlSSOUia.

74 I'lONKKll FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

were not good for children. But they were hearty and hungry,
and their bread and milk was as rich a feast to them as a king's
supper. There w:as no lack of children then. Every family had
ten or a dozen of them, and some had as many as twenty, all
healthy, hearty, active little fellows. The country was new, land
was cheap, and it cost nothing to support them, as they usually
made their own way ; so each little new-comer received a hearty
welcome, and was sent on his way rejoicing. In warm weather
they were not burdened with a superabundance of clothes ; a coarse
cotton shirt, hanging loose from the neck, generally constituted
their wardrobe. In winter time they were dressed in warm jeans
and lindsey, with woolen socks and buckskin moccasins on their
feet. The boys sometimes wore buckskin pants and hunting shirts
in cold weather, but, as a general thing, that suit was not donned
until they were old enough to kill the deer and tan the hide from
which their suit was made.

There was no public school system in Missouri at the time of
which we write, and the people were not so generally educated as
they are now. It was often the case that men of influence in their
communities could not write their names, and the old legal records
show a large proportion of signatures made with a mark. There
was perhaps as large a proportion of well educated people then as
now, but the mass of the people were not so well versed in the
rudiments of our language. Most of parents made an effort to
teach their boys how to read, write and cypher ; but very little at-
tention was given to the education of girls. It was thought that a
girl's education was complete when she knew how to cook, wash,
spin, weave, attend to her domestic duties, and read the simpler
chapters of the Bible. Books were scarce and very high priced,
and those who were inclined to educate themselves had but few op-
portunities for doing so. Now and then some pretentious peda-
gogue, with the title of professor, and pretending to be able to
impart a knowledge of most of the languages and all the sciences,
would straggle into a community and teach a three or four
months' subscription school, in some disused cabin, hastily fur-
nished as a school house, with split log benches and puncheon
writing desks. To this " academy" the youth of the community
would be sent, to study a little, and play a great deal more, while
the teacher slept away the effects of too free an intercourse with
his whisky bottle — for they nearly all drank freely. The celerity
with which they claimed to be able to impart a classical education

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOLKI 75

was truly astonishing. A few months were sutlicieiit to master
all the intricacies of the English language ; and Greek, Latin, and
Hebrew could be forced into the dullest intellect at a dozen les-
sons. Some of these teachers were also ministers, and they took
great delight in quoting Hebrew, Latin and Greek, in support of
their religious dogmas, to gaping congregations, who imagined
them to be walking encyclopedias of learning. But while they
■quoted the ancient languages, with which they were about as fa-
miliar as a Choctaw Indian is with Sanscrit, they did not hesitate
to "murder the king's Enghsh" in the grossest and most barbar-
ous manner.

With this class of teachers, and so great a lack of educational
facilities, it is not to be wondered at that many of the children
grew up in comparative ignorance ; but happily they all, by some
means or other, acquired a high appreciation of the advantages of
a good education, and, as soon as they were able, built school
houses, employed competent teachers, and sent their children to
school.

Monej^ was exceedingly scarce, and furs and peltry constituted
the principal currency of the country. Lead and gun powder also
passed current, and whisky would have done likewise if it had
possessed any intrinsic value. A few silver dollars found their
way into the country at different times, and as that was the small-
est coin in circulation, they were cut into pieces of four and eight
to the dollar, and passed for quarters and bits, the latter repre-
senting 124^ cents. Hence the Western expressions, "six bits,"
"four bits," etc., which are rarely or never heard anywhere else.
Frequently a dollar would be cut into Jive pieces and passed for
quarters, or into ten pieces and passed for twelve and a half cents.
The latter were called sharp shiners^ and both they and the dis-
lionest quarters were so nearly like the honest ones that they gen-
erally passed without suspicion. As the population increased and
currency became a necessity, counterfeit money began to make
its appearance ; and the people, being easily imposed upon, re-
ceived it readily, until at one time there was more spurious coin
in circulation than genuine. Companies of counterfeiters were
organized, and large quantities of the stuff were manufactured
and sent to other localities to be passed. The excitement finally
ran very high, and several suspected parties were lynched, or
threatened with the penalties of the law. These vigorous meas-
ures soon put an end to the business, and the people also

76 PIONEKIl KAMIMES OF jMISSOURI

became shrewd enough not to be imposed upon any longer.

They were all great lovers of fun in those early days, and hav-
ing no occasion or desire to lay up money, they devoted much of
their time to amusement. Their house-raisings, log-rollings, .corn-
shuckings, rail-splittings, and musters were generally turned into
frolics, and they had more fun than work. A few would get
drunk and fight — then make friends, take another drink, and fight
again. Others would jump and run foot races, while perhaps the
greater portion would organize a shooting match, and try their
skill as marksmen. The "manly art" of boxing and fighting was
practiced to a considerable extent, doubtless at first with the in-
tention of rendering themselves able to overcome their Indian ad-
versaries in hand-to-hand combats, but it eventually degenerated
into a pernicious custom, and every public gathering had to be
enlivened with a fight or two. Elaeh neighborhood had its
"bully," who was monarch of all he surveyed, and who held him-
self in constant readiness to accommodate any man who was
spoiling for a fight. Like the fabled Irishman, who begged "some
jintleman to tread upon the tail of his coat," they were never
happy except when engaged in a "scrimmage." When two of
these champions happened to meet at any public gathering, they
generally devoted the day to the improving exercise of mashing
noses, bruising faces, and gouging eyes ; and it was an unusual
thing for one of them to live to middle age without the loss of an
eye, the disappearance of sundry teeth, or the total wreck of a
nose. Each community had a nick-name, bj^ which the people of
that locality w^ere called. Thus, in Montgomery county, those who
lived on Elk Horn creek were called "heel strings," those on Camp
Branch, "shake rags," and those on South Bear creek "anaruges."
So when one of the champions wanted to try his prowess with any
of the other champions, he would liquor himself up to the fighting
point, and then announce that he could whip any shake rag, heel
string, or anaruge (as the case might be) on the ground, and im-
mediately his challenge would be accepted and the fighting would
commence. But as school houses began to make their appear-
ance, and intelligence increased, these worthies sought more con-
genial haunts, until they finally disappeared.

In addition to its fighting champion, each community had its
champion jumper, whose nimble limbs were supposed to sustain
the honor of their respective neighborhoods in this particular.
As to marksmanship, they were all so nearly perfect in the use of

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 77

the rifle that but few could lay any claim to superior excellence in
that line, and they held their shooting matches more for practice
and amusement than from any desire or expectation of gaining
reputations as leading shots.

For years after the close of the Indian war, they kept up their
military organizations and drills. Each township had a company,
and each county a regiment, and four times a year they mus-
tered and drilled. On these occasions it was customary for the
officers to treat the men, and a wash-tub full of whisky was gen-
erally prepared for them, and placed on a stump, around which
they would gather after the drill was over, and helj) themselves,
some with gourds, horns and other drinking vessels, while others
would insert straws in the tub and suck to their hearts' content.
If the officers refused to treat, the men would not drill ; but
usually the treat was ready when wanted, for the officers were
generally candidates for civil positions, or expected to be, and
did not care to risk the loss of their popularity with the men who
did the voting.

The poor women had a pretty hard time, for in addition to
taking care of the children, and doing all the ordinary domestic
work and house-cleaning, with none of the modern improvements
to aid them, they had to manufacture cloth from the raw material
and make all the clothes worn by themselves and their families.
Some idea of the trials they had to pass through can be obtained
from the following extract from a letter, written by one of the
pioneer women of Callaway county to her sister in Kentucky,
who had made inquiries as to how she liked her new home :

"The men and dogs have a fine time, but the poor women have
to suffer. They have to pack water from one-half to one mile,
and do all the cooking and washing. So my advice to you is,
stay where you are. But if you see any one coming to this part
of the country, please send me a plank cradle for poor little Pat-
rick. His poor little back is full of hard lumps, and skinned all
over, lying in nothing but a cradle George made out of one-half
of a hollow log, with a piece [of wood] on one end for a pillow.
The poor child has a hard time, for he hain't got but two shirts
in the world, and both of them is made of nettle bark, that al-
most scratches him to death. Great dents and whelps [welts]
are all over the poor little creature's back. I don't want to have
any more children if the poor little things are to be treated in
this way. 1 told George so last night, and what you reckon he
said? He said it was the very thing — it would make them tough,
and they could stand Bare and Deer hunting. George has got

78 riOKEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUUI

him a Buckskin hunting-shirt and pants, and he is gone hunting
day and night.

"We have got some good, kind Neighbors, and we visit each
other when we can. I forgot to tell you of a wedding I and
George attended last week. They were married by an old Hard
Shell liaptist preacher by the name of Jabe Ham. He had on a
long buckskin overcoat that looked so funny ! The man was in
his shirt sleeves, with white cotton pants that just came down
below his knees, and white cotton socks, and buckskin shppers
on his feet. The girl was dressed in a short-waisted, low-necked,
short-sleeved white cotton dress, that was monstrous short for a
tall girl like she was, for I don't reckon there was more than five
yards of cloth in her dress. She also had on buckskin slippers,
and her hair was tied up with a buckskin string, which is all the
go out here. And when Mr. Ham was spelling and reading the
ceremony from the book, the girl commenced sneezing, and the
buckskin string slipped off and her hair flew all over her face, and
everybody laughed . ' '

The people of that age had but few conveniences, and were
compelled to resort to many expedients and shifts that now seem
ridiculous to us ; but they did the best they could under the
circumstances, and tried to be contented and happy. They had
no convenient markets or eas}' modes of transportation, and what
little they had to sell generally brought a very low price. For
many years there were no stores of any kind in the country, and
only two or three small trading establishments at St. Charles,
where a few necessary articles of domestic use could be purchas-
ed. Occasionally wagons would come up from St. Louis, loaded
with such goods as the settlers needed, which would be exchang-
ed for game, fresh hone)', butter, etc. The arrival of one of
these wagons always created a sensation, and everybody turned
out to buy and sell. If a man had nothing to exchange for the
goods in the wagon, he took his rifle and went into the woods and
obtained the necessary articles. Game was so abundant that it
did not require a great length of time to supply one's self with
that kind of currency. What little money was in circulation was
hoarded up and taken to the land office in Palmyra to purchase
lands from the government. But few debts were contract-
ed, and none were sued upon. The few necessaries that the
people were compelled to purchase were paid lor in barter. New
Orleans was the principal market, and tlie produce of the
country was shipped on flat or keel boats — sometimes in canoes
and pirogues. It generally required six months to make the trip.

EARLY DAYS IN MISSOURI 79

Corn was worth from five to ten cents per bushel, wheat thirty
cents, bacon a cent and a half a pound ; the best horses sold for
twenty to thirty dollars, and good cows from five to seven dollars.
The scarcity of money and lack of means of transportation,
made everything low that farmers had to sell, and the same causes
enhanced the price of every article they were compelled to buy.
The little money they had was principally '■^hard money," and
the people fully realized its inconvenience as a circulating
medium, and its want of power to build up the commercial in-
terests of a country. Very few who lived in Missouri at that
time, and witnessed the evil effects of silver currency, could be
induced ta vote for the "hard money" absurdity of the present
day. Metal currency will do for heathens and uncivilized nations,
where trade is limited and the government so unstable that its
"promises to pay" are worthless, but no enlightened commercial
country can prosper, or even exist, without a paper currency.
Business men cannot afford to keep a cart and a 3'Oke of oxen to
draw their money around, as the Spartans of old did, and
the early Missourians learned this fact to their cost. Those who
possessed considerable sums of money, and came to this country
to invest in lands, were compelled either to pack their money in
sacks on the backs of their horses, and thereby excite the cupid-
ity of robbers, by whom the intervening country was infested, or
exchange their silver for U. S. Bank notes, and pay a premium
of several per cent. These notes even brought a premium over
gold, simply because of their convenience, and the faith of the
people in their stability.

The lack of money — or rather the want of a convenient cur-
rency— finally led to the establishment of "wild-cat" banks in
different parts of the country. Very few of these establishments
were conducted on banking principles, but they issued notes that
looked like money, and the people received them gladly. Trade
revived, values increased, and the country seemed to be entering
upon the high road to prosperity. But after a while some of
these notes began to be presented for redemption, and then the
unpleasant discovery was made that the " bankers" had nothing
to redeem them with. The spurious bills failed in the hands of
the holders, and in a short time the country was left without a
currency. Even the wealthy could liardl}'^ find means to purchase
the actual necessaries of life, and the people were plunged into a
depth of distress never before realized. Lands and other prop-

80 riONKEH FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

erty at first sank in value to less than at any former period, and
then would scarcely sell at all. Confidence and credit were de-
stroyed through the influence of what were called relief laws.
Missouri and Illinois suffered more than any of the other States,
and for the relief of the people a banking system, called a loan
oflftce, was established. The money was redeemable in equal
annual installments of ten per cent, in ten years. This money
was declared by some of the courts to be illegal, and not a
tender, as it had been made by the Legislature that had created
it ; and it immediately began to depreciate, until it fell to twenty-
five per cent of its nominal value. This remedy, therefore, only
aggravated the disease. The people could not obtain money to
pay their taxes, or to purchase clothes for their families, and their
produce, stock, etc., became almost worthless. "Hard times"
were upon them in earnest, and none were exempt. Years
elapsed before this dreadful condition of affairs began to grow
perceptibly better. Then Senator Benton had a law passed
through Congress, authorizing the recoinage of British gold, with
additional alloy, and this increased the currency of the country to
a perceptible degree. Shortly after the passage of this law the
German immigration commenced, which gave a new impetus to
trade in the Western country. Then followed the discovery of
gold in California, and that did more than anything else to dispel
the financial gloom. A State bank was also established, on a
sound basis, and its bills circulated at par with gold and silver,
sometimes bringing a premium over both. The free circulation
of good money caused a revival of business, and prosperity once
more smiled upon the country. In April, 1836, the first railroad
-convention met in St. Louis, and a committee of three, viz. :
Messrs. Rollins, Bates, and Gamble, was appointed to memorial-
ize Congress for grants of land in aid of the several proposed
roads. Railroads have since been built upon all the routes sug-
gested at that time, and nearly upon the lines designated, as will
be seen from the following proceedings of the convention :

"1st. It is now expedient to adopt measures for the construc-
tion of a railroad from St. Louis to Fayette, with the view of
ultimately extending the road in that general direction, as far as
public convenience and the exigencies of trade may require.

" Also, a railroad from St. Louis, in a Southwestern direction,
to the valley of Bellevue, in Washington county, so as to traverse
the rich mineral region in that part of the state, with a view to
its indefinite extension in that direction, when and as far as public

KEMGIOUS MATTERS 81

interest may require. And also a branch from some convenient
point on the last-mentioned road, to the Meramec iron-works in
Crawford county, with a A'iew to its ultimate extension through
Cooper county to a point on the Missouri river in Jackson county.
"2d. That the proposed railroad from St. Louis to Fayette
ought to cross the Missouri river at the town of St. Charles, and
through or within one mile of the several towns of Warrenton.
Danville, Fulton, and Columbia, the said towns being points most
acceptable to the people of the counties through which the road
is proposed to pass."

The first railroad in Missouri was commenced in 1836, at Marion
City, in the eastern part of Marion county. It was the intention
for this road to extend to the Missouri river, in Howard county,
but it was never completed ; and, from all the information we can
obtain on the subject, it was only partially surveyed.

RELIGIOUS MATTERS.

But little attention was given to religious matters in the new
settlements until after the first ten or twelve years of the present
century.

The Spanish government, it is true, required all who received
grants of land from the crown, to be good Catholics, but as this
requirement was never enforced, the people gave it little or no
attention. Protestant ministers occasionally visited the settle-
ments and held services in the log cabins of the pioneers, but no
churches or classes were regularly organized until after the terri-
tory was purchased by the United States in 1803.

The first of the pioneer preachers were Old Baptists, or what
are popularly known as Ironsides, or Hardshell Baptists, and
there were some very original characters among them, as we shall
endeavor to show in future pages. ^ Very few of the pioneers
made any pretensions to religion, but when one of those Old
Ironside preachers came into the neighborhood and preached in
some good brother's cabin, they all attended, with their guns
on their shoulders, and their dogs at their heels. The guns were
stacked in one corner of the cabin, while the dogs remained out-
side and fought, or went on hunting expeditions on their own
account. At the close of the services, the brother in whose house

s-2

riONKKi: KAMIMKS Ol' MISSol'KI

they were held wouhl pass the whisky around, and all would take
a drink, the preacher included, so that, in this respect, it was
hard to tell saint from sinner. Then they would call the dogs
and take a hunt, or get up a shooting match and try their skill
with their rifles.

As the settlements became tliicker, and the population in-
creased, churches of different denominations were organized, and
a religious fervor began to prevail. Camp-meetings became pop-
ular, and were largely attended by all classes of people. By this
time, also, the rough frontier dress had, in a measure, been dis-
carded, and in place of buckskin hunting shirt and leggins, there
appeared home-made jeans pants and coats, with now and then a
''round-about," while the feet were clad in home-made leather
shoes instead of buckskin moccasins. The good old sisters would
take their babies in their arms and their slioes and stockino-s in
their hands, and walk barefooted to the camp-ground, to save
their shoes. They would sometimes walk twenty or thirty miles
to a camp-meeting, and upon arriving near the camp-ground,
would stop at some spring or water course, and wash their feet
and put on their shoes and stockings. They were generally ac-
companied on these occasions b}' their husbands, who also carried

JiC.HAHRlS S CO.'ENC. ST. LOUIS rTr^;S[7?r>'-»3i:^?r^2T

GOING TO CHURCH IN MISSOUTU IN 1820

IlELKilOUS MATTERS 83

their shoes in their hands, and their rifles on their shoulders, while
the older children, clad in the most primitive style, and the dogs,
brought up the rear.

It was about the year 1814, as near as we can ascertain — for
tliere was no record kept of the matter — that the singular reli-
gious phenomenon called the "jerks" began to make its appear-
ance at the camp-meetings. It was first (leveloped at a camp-
meeting in Tennessee, and threw all the surrounding country
into a state of the wildest excitement. From Tennessee it spread
to other parts of the country, and soon became prevalent all over
the West. It was a nervous affection, and persons under its in-
fluence lost all control over their movements, though they rarely
became insensible. They would jerk violently from side to side,
and backward and forward, sometimes shouting " Glory to God,"
and at others cursing and swearing in the most awful manner.
Sometimes their lieads and necks and bodies would be jerked and
twisted and distorted until it would seem that every joint and bone
in them must be dislocated or broken ; but no physical liarm ever
resulted from these attacks. Sorue attributed the phenomenon to
tiie agency of tlie devil, others imagined that the preachers under-
stood some sort of black art which they practiced upon tiiose who
came near them or shook hands with them ; but the greater por-
tion of the people, led by the ministers themselves, considered it
to l)e the manifestation cf the Spirit of God, and gave Him praise
accordingly. A few incidents, illustrative of this sultject, will
give a better understanding of its characteristics.

In a certain community, there lived a young man and his sister,
in an elegant mansion, left them by their parents. They were aris-
tocratic and proud, and associated only with their own class of
people. They rarely attended religious services, except when
they could visit some fashionable church ; and the Methodists,
Baptists, and other primitive religious people, were regarded by
them with a certain degree of contempt. On one occasion, prompt-
ed by curiosity, they visited a Methodist camp-meeting near their
residence ; and during the day the young lady began to feel the
influence of the religious atmosphere by which she was surround-
ed. The young man, alarmed lest she should join the despised
Methodists, threatened if she went to the altar he would carry
her away by force. Finally, being deeply impressed, she did go
to the altar, and requesied the prayers of the members of the
church. Her Itrolher, who was at the time in a distant part of

84 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOUUI

the cougregation, was soon informed of his sister's action, and
immediately started forward to carry out his threat. Under the
arbor, where services were held, rough board seats had been
erected for the accommodation of the people, and the young man
had to cross these in going to the altar. He had proceeded
about half way when he was suddenly attacked by the jerks, and
could not advance another step. Unwilling to submit to the pow-
er that restrained him, he made desperate efforts to go forward,
but every time he advanced a step he would be jerked violently
back over the seats, and thrown from side to side, as helpless as
an infant, but raving and swearing like a madman. He tore his
hair with his hands, and frothed at the mouth, and his limbs were
jerked about and distorted in a most horrible manner. When he
stood still, or retreated, the influence deserted him, and he be-
came quiet and assumed his normal condition ; but the moment
he attempted to advance he would be seized with renewed power
and hurled back with increased violence. He wore a suit of fine
black broadcloth, and a large spur on the heel of each boot, and
the prongs of the spurs, catching in his clothes, tore them into
shreds, until, when he finally submitted to the invisible power and
left the ground, he was almost naked. His sister remained at tlie
altar, and experienced what is known among Methodists as a
change of heart ; and the young man was also converted at a sub-
sequent period. This was one of the most singular incidents that
occurred during the prevalence of the jerks, but its truth is fully
vouched for by several persons who witnessed it.

A young girl, a daughter of Mr. Jonathan Bryan, who lived on
Femme Osage creek, having visited several camp-meetings and
witnessed a number of cases of the jerks, learned to imitate them,
and was rather fond of exhibiting her pi'oficienc}^ in that line.
But one day, while sitting on the stiles in front of her father's
house, she was attacked by the genuine jerks, and thrown to the
ground. Her head and body were thrown backward and forward
with great force, and her long hair, coming loose from its fasten-
ings, cracked like a whip. She was jerked and thrown around
for a considerable length of time, and then left in an almost ex-
hausted condition. After that she never imitated the jerks again
— one genuine experience satisfied her.

Rev. Jesse "Walker, a Methodist minister, and Rev. David Clark,
an Ironside Baptist preacher, once conducted a camp-meeting to-
gether, on Peruque creek, in St. Charles county. During the

IIELIGIOUS MATTKKS

85

meeting the jerks made their appearance, and a number of per-
sons were brought under their influence. One day a man named
Leonard Harrow was looking on and laughing at some of the pen-
itents who were jerking, when he was suddenly attacked himself,
and, throwing his arras around a sapling near him, he began to
butt his head violently against it, and would have knocked his
brains out if he had not been restrained by several persons who
stood near him.

Sometimes, after the jerks deserted them, they would fall into
a trance or stupor, and remain unconscious, and often apparently
dead, for hours and even days at a time. A few incidents are
mentioned where persons were actually laid out and prepared for
burial, their friends supposing them to be dead ; but eventually
they would recover their consciousness as suddenly as they had
lost it, and astonish the watchers by rising up in their grave
clothes. A colored woman, who belonged to Mr. Burrell Adams,
of Montgomery county, was subject to attacks of this kind, and
would remain unconscious and motionless for a day or two at
a time.

Occasionally the jerks would assume a ludicrous aspect, and
cause their victims to perform such ridiculous actions that the
most sedate could hardly restrain their laughter. On one occa-
sion, at a camp-meeting near Flint Hill, in St. Charles county a
man who had been standing for sometime as if in a profound
study, suddenly commenced jumping up and down, snapping his
thumbs and fingers, and shouting at the top of his voice, "Slick as
a peeled onion! Slick as a peeled onion!" His emotion lasted
only a few minutes, and upon being questioned by his friends as
to its cause, he replied that he had just received the Holy Ghost,
and it came so easily that he could compare it with nothing moi'e
appropriate than the slickness of a peeled onion.

Mrs. Williamson, who lived near Loutre, in Montgomery coun-
ty, often had the jerks ; and so did her daughter. Miss Katy. At
a camp-meeting held by the Cumberland Presbyterians, a short
distance southeast of Danville, many years ago. Miss Katy was
attacked by the jei'ks, and some men who were standing near be-
gan to laugh at her. Directly she started toward them, in a jump-
ing, unearthly fashion, when the men became frightened and ran
away. About the same time several large dogs attacked tlie girl
and tore her dress into shreds, leaving her almost naked, when

86 I'lOXEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

some of the preachers came down from the pulpit and drove the
dogs away.

Subsequently, at a camp-meeting in Warren county, Miss Katy
had an attack of the jerks, and getting down on her hands and
feet, she began to crawl about like a measuring worm, when some
of her friends carried her away and secured her in a tent.

Rev. James E. Welch, whose history is given elsewhere, relates
the following incidents that occurred under his own observation :
When a mere boy, he attended a camp-meeting held by a body of
religious enthusiasts who had seceded from the Presbyterian
church, and who called themselves New Lights. This meeting
was held near the line between Kentucky and Tennessee, in the
region of country where the New Lights, as well as the jerks,
originated. One day during the meeting, the boy's attention
was directed to four women, who, though in the midst of the con-
gregation, were carefull}' binding up and securing their long hair.
Having completed their arrangements, they all took the jerks,
and commenced dancing backward and forward, over a space of
about ten feet, giving a slight but very peculiar jerk of the body
and head at each turn. During the performance the hair of one
of the women came down, when she very deliberately stopped
and re-arranged it, and then proceeded with her dancing as
though nothing had occurred to interrupt her. When the horn
blew for dinner, they all quieted down, and went to the table and
ate as heartily as any one.

Young Welch afterward became a minister in the Missionary
Baptist Church, and in 1814 came to Cape Girardeau, Mo., on
some private business. He remained several months, and during
his stay was invited to go to a place about twenty-five miles west
of Cape Girardeau, on the watei-s of the St. Francois river, and
hold religious services. He did so, and organized a Baptist
church at that place. One day, just after he had announced his
text and commenced his discourse, a young woman immediately
in front of him, took the jerks. This was his first experience
with that phenomenon since he had commenced preaching, and it
startled him. The girl's body, as she sat on the bench, was jerk-
ed violently backward and forward, until her head almost touched
the benches in front of and behind her, and the minister
expected every moment to see her back break ; but she was not
injured in the least. In the midst of her contortions her hair
came loose, and the rapid motions of her head caused it to hiss

KKLIGIOUS MATTEHS 87

aud whiz so loud that it could be heard at a distance of thirty or
forty yards ; and at every jerk she gave a peculiar shriek or yelp
that almost made the blood curdle. It cannot be exactly repre-
sented in print, but sounded very much like "yeouk." Mr.
Welch was so overcome bj' his emotions at witnessing the strange
exhibition, that he could not proceed with his sermon, but stopped
and gazed in wonder at the girl. As soon as he ceased preaching,
she sank back exhausted upon the ground, and remained appar-
ently unconscious. He thereupon resumed his discourse, when
she again began to jerk, and this was repeated three times before
he closed his sermon.

Mr. Welch was accompanied on his return to Kentucky by a
young man, whom he found to be a very pleasant traveling com-
panion, and whose society was none the less appreciated on ac-
count of the loneliness of the road. The settlements at that time
were very scattering, and the^' often traveled fift}- to seventy-five
miles without seeing a house. One evening the}' stopped at a
cabin, in the midst of a dense wilderness, fifty miles from any
other human habitation, and inquired if they could obtain lodging
for the night. The man, who was a genuine specimen of the
backwoods hunter, answered them that they were welcome, if thej''
could put up with his fare ; and being thankful to obtain anj^ kind
of a shelter, they gladly availed themselves of his hospitality,
and alighting from their horses, they entered the cabin, which
contained but one room, furnished in the usual frontier style.
The family consisted of the man, his wife, and a grown daughter,
and, notwithstanding their lonely surroundings, the}^ seemed con-
tented with their lot and happy in each other's society. After a
substantial supper of venison, corn bread, and milk and butter,
they seated themselves at the door of the cabin, where they could
enjo}' the cool breeze, and spent several hours in pleasant conver-
sation. The cabin contained two beds, one on either side of the
room, and when it was time to retire, one of these was given to
Mr. Welch and his companion, while the man and his wife occu-
pied the other, the girl sleeping on a pallet between them. The
light had scarcely been extinguished when the girl began to pound
the floor in a very demonstrative manner, with her elbows and
feet, and upon inquiry as to what was the matter with her, the man
replied that she had the jerks. " Caught 'em," said he, " from one
of the preachers, at a INIcthodist camp-meeting." " For God's
sake," exclaimed Mr. Welch, "light the candle and let us see

88 PIOXKKR FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

what is the matter with her." The man complied, and as soon as
the light was struck the girl sprang to her feet, and, ducking her
head like a sheep, she ran to the door and butted it with great
violence, taking care, however, not to strike her head against any
portion of it that was solid enough to knock her brains out. She
kept this up for some time, running wildly back and forth across
the room, until Mr. Welch, becoming alarmed for her safety,
asked the man to catch and hold her. " I cant't do it," he re-
plied ; "I have tried it often, but there is no power on earth that
can hold her. You may try, if you want to." Availing himself
of the privilege thus granted, Mr. Welch awaited his opportuni-
ty, and suddenly tripping her feet from under her, he laid her
gently on the pallet. But immediately she began to whirl over
and over, and rolling herself in the pallet, seemed as if she would
tear it into shreds. Seeing that nothing could be done with her
in her wild condition, Mr. Welch requested the man to blow out
the light, and they all retired to bed again. In a few minutes the
girl became quiet and fell asleep, and they heard nothing more
from her during the remainder of the night. But the incident
made so deep an impression on the minds of the travelers that
they never forgot it.

The jerks usually made a deep and lasting impression upon the
minds of those who beheld them, and a revival of religion gener-
ally followed their appearance in a community ; though the intel-
ligent reader will fail to see any connection between such absurd
freaks of nature and religion. We can vouch for the truth of the
incidents here recorded, but shall not presume to give a reason
for them. The reader can do that for himself. It has been more
than twenty years since a case of genuine j.erks was witnessed, and
it is to be presumed that no one regrets their disappearance.
Shouting and clapping of hands, and other exciting demonstra-
tions of some sort of emotion — whether religious or otherwise we
cannot say — are still occasionally witnessed at rural camp-meet-
ings, and among the colored people, but they do not, in any man-
ner, resemble the jerks, which made such a sensation during the
first part of the, present century. The diffusion of knowledge, and
the consequent banishment of superstition, have taught people to
worship their Creator in a more reasonable and becoming manner,
and it is not probable that another case of the jerks will ever be
witnessed.

AFFAIRS OF G0VERNMP:NT, ETC.

The pioneers of Missouri, as previously stated, were not a law-
less or vicious class of people, but, nevertheless, some sort of a'
government was required to restrain the reckless characters
that lived in the country. When the territory came into posses-
sion of the United States, one of the most intelligent and influen-
tial men in each community was appointed Justice of the Peace,
before whom all transgressors were tried and all legal disputes
adjusted. Very few of these men knew anything about law, and
some of their decisions and legal documents would be regarded as
curiosities in these modern times. But if they knew but little
law, they understood the meaning of justice, and their decisions
did not often miss the mark.

As there were no jails to confine offenders in, breaches of the
peace, thefts, and other light misdemeanors were punished by
fines, or if flagrant in character, by whipping. The fines were
generally paid with furs and peltry, which were sold for the bene-
fit of the government ; but where whipping was the penalty, it
was administered in a summary manner, and the offender was
permitted to go about his business as though nothing unusual had
occurred. On one occasion a man who had stolen a hog was
taken before Daniel Boone for examination. His trial and the
infliction of the punishment occupied half an hour, and while re-
turning home he was met by an acquaintance, who inquired how
he had come out. "Eh gad! whipped anc? cleared," was his la-
conic reply. In those days when men fell out and fought, they
never thought of taking their cases into court, but the one who
got whipped yielded with as good a grace as he could command,
to the superior strength or dexterity of his antagonist, and, after
taking a drink and shaking hands in token of friendship, let the
matter drop until he got an opportunity to pay off his score with
interest.

But few murders were committed, and generally the murderer
made his escape, and was never heard of again ; for if he remained
in the community he was almost certain to be killed by the friends
of the man he had murdered, even if he escaped immediate lynch-
ing.

i^O I'lONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

We give below a literal copy of the first indictment found in St.
Charles county, by the first American grand jury that sat under
the I'nited States government, in the territory of Louisiana. It
was signed by twelve men, all of whom, except the foreman, had
to make their marks, being unable to write. It will be seen from
the wording of the instrument that considerable eff'ort was made
to give it a legal and solemn sound, in order, no doubt, that it
might make a deep impression on the minds of all concerned. It
reads as follows :

" That one James Davis, late of the District of St. Charles, in
the Territory of Louisiana, Laborer, not having the fear of God
before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation
of the Devil, on the 13th day of December, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and four (1804)," at a place
called Femme Osage, in the said District of St. Charles, with
force and arms, in and upon William Hays, in the peace of God
and the United States, there and then being Feloniously, wilfully,
and with his malice aforethought, did make an assault, and
that the said James Davis, with a certain rifle gun, four feet long,
and of the value of five dollars, then and there loaded and charged
with gun powder and one leaden bullet, with said rifle gun the
Jiiaid James Davis, then and there in his hands had and held, fired
and killed William Hays."

Davis gave bond in the sum of $3,000 for his appearance at
court, and Daniel Boone went his security. He stood his trial
and was cleared.

As the country settled up and the population increased, the num-
ber of civil suits grew larger, and people began to feel the need of
educated attorneys. At first a few pettifoggers, possessing a little
iearning and vast pretensions, were imported from other localities,
and they came expecting to have everything their own way, and
to astonish the natives by their profundity. But they soon found
themselves eclipsed by the practical, common-sense backwoods-
men, and very naturally settled down to their proper places.
There were others, however, who possessed fine talents and a lib-
eral amount of learning, and these were respected by the people,
and sooned gained a large influence. Among the first prominent
attorneys was Edward Hempsted, an unlettered man, but' one
who possessed strong sense and a fine talent for special pleading
He had a shar^D, fierce, and barking manner of speaking, which
had a great effect upon jurors, and generally awed them into acqui-
escence with his own views. His style became very popular, and

INDIAN' WAU

91

was widely imitate'l by young attorneys. At the head of the pro-
fession stood Col. Thomas H. Benton, whose fame afterward ex-
tended-over the whole country, and who represented Missouri for
thirty years in the U. S. Senate. One who knew him in the early
days of his practice here, thus described him: ''He is acute,
labored, florid, rather sophomorical, but a man of strong sense.
There flashes 'strange fire' from his eye, and all that he does
*smells of the lamp. ' "

Edward Bates also became prominent at an early day, and he
was probably the most learned of any of the lawyers of that time.
He was a classical scholar, and exhibited the fruits of his attain-
ments in his arrangement and choice of language. His manners
were gentlemanly and pleasing, and his language concise and to
the point; but these were often thrown away upon the jury in a
region where noise and flourish were sometimes mistaken for
sense and reason.

Unlimited puffing was resorted to then as now, and with like
success. The man who could make the finest show and induce
the greatest number of people to talk about him, in the right way,
generally won fame and distinction, and became the leader of his
portion of the country. But these things gradually passed away
as the country became more enlightened, and men were esteemed
for their real worth and integrity rather than for shallow display
and great pretensions, unsupported by genuine merit.

THE INDIAN WAR.

Owing to the exposed position of Missouri, and the thinness of
the population, it suffered severely from the eflJects of Indian hos-
tility a short time previous to and during the wsr of 1812. The
celebrated Tecumseh, doubtless the most accomplished and cour-
ageous Indian chief that ever lived, endeavored to engage all the
Indi|in nations in a common cause against the Americans ; but al-
though he gave the signal by commencing warlike operations on
the Wabash, the Missouri Indians continued for sometime to give
proofs of peaceful intentions. But large presents were continu-
ally made by the. British agents, and every argument used to in-
duce them to lake up :hc tomahawk. The}', however, remained

'^2 PioNKER fa:\iiliks of MISSOURr

quiet, with tlie exception of a few murders and thefts committed
by hunting parties in remote settlements, until the summer of
1811, when they committed some outrages in the settlements in
St. Charles district, and on Salt river. Gen. Clark, who had
command of the department, made every exertion to detect the
murderers, but as the American force was not yet organized, it
proved unavailing. During the winter of 1811-12 murders be-
came more frequent, and the people began to experience the
dreadful effects of an Indian war. Fi'om Fort Madison to St.
Charles men, women and children were butchered by tiie savages
and their habitations consigned to the flames. Orders were sent
to Colonel Kibby, who commanded the militia of St. Charles, to
call out a portion of his men, and the Governor himself immedi-
ately left for that district. Upon his arrival there he organized a
company of rangers, consisting of the most hardy woodsmen, who,
by rapid movements, scoured the country in all directions. With
these, and the aid of a small detachment of troops from Bellefon-
taine, under command of Lieutenant Mason, he was enabled to
afford some degree of protection to the distressed inhabitants.

Early in May, 1812, a grand convocation of chiefs met in St.
Louis, for the purpose of accompanying Gen. Clark to Washing-
ton City, a plan which was thought would have a good effect.
The Little Usages, Sacs, Reynards, Shawnees, and Delawares
were represented by their chiefs, and after their departure for the
national capitol there was a visible decrease in the number of out-
rages for a considerable time. But Tecumseh and his brother,
the Prophet, were becoming more and more popular among the
Indians ; and so long as this was the case, no favorable termina-
tion of the contest could be expected. On the 26th of June, 1812,
a council was held between the following Indian nations, under
the direction of Tecumseh and the Prophet, viz : the Winneba-
goes, Pottawatamies, Kickapoos, vShawnees, Miamies, Wild Oats,
Sioux, Ottos, Seas, Foxes, and lowas. A large majority of these
tribes were in favor of war, and upon the return of their chiefs to
their vai'ious nations, active hostilities were commenced all along
the frontier. Murders and other outrages soon became frequent
in the vicinity of St. Charles, Portage des Sioux, and Fort
Madison.

In the spring of 181-1 a garrison was established at Prairie du
Chien, for the purpose of restraining the movements of the In-
dians, and preventing as far as possible their raids upon the set-

rVDIAX WAIi O'J

tlements. Bui inobt of the men who composed this garrison had
been enlisted for onl}' sixty days, and when their time expired
they returned home, leaving onl}' about one hundred men to guard
the fort. As this post was too important to be abandoned, it was
determined to send a reinforcement at once, and Lieutenant Camp-
bell was dispatched, with forty-two regulars and sixty-five rangers.
in three keel-boats, accompanied by a fourth belonging to the
sutler and contractor, to the relief of the garrison. The rangers
were commanded by Lieutenants Rector and Riggs, the latter of
whom was subsequently with Captain Callaway at the time of his
defeat and death at Loutre creek, in Montgomerj' county. Thej'
reached Rock river, within 180 or 200 miles of their destination,
without an accident, or any incident worthy of mention ; but as
soon as they entered the rapids thej' were visited by large num-
bers of Sacs and Foxes, who pretended to be peaceably inclined.
The officers were deceived by their friendlj' overtures, and were
thus led unsuspectingly into the catastrophe which followed. The
boat belonging to the sutler and contractor had arrived near the
head of the rapids, and proceeded on its course, having on board
the ammunition, with a sergeant's guard ; the rangers in their
boats followed, and were about two miles in advance of Lieuten-
ant Campbell and his regulars, whose boat had grounded within a
few 3'ards of a high bank, covered with a thick growth of grass
and willows. The wind being very high, rendered the boat un-
manageable, and the commander deemed it advisable to remain
until it abated. Sentinels were sent on shore and stationed at
proper intervals, while several of the men began to prepare break-
fast. In a few minutes the report of guns announced an attack,
and at the first fire all the sentinels were killed. The rest of the
men on shore started for the boat, where their guns were, but be-
fore they could reach it fifteen out of thirty were killed or wound-
ed. In a few minutes from five to seven hundred warriors were
assembled among the willows on the bank, within a few yards of
the bow and stern of the boat, and with loud yells and whoops
they commenced a tremendous fire. The men on the boat, un-
daunted by the loss of their companions, the overpowering num-
bers of the foe, or the suddenness of the attack, cheered lustily,
and returned the fire from their rifles and a small swivel which they
had on board. At this critical juncture, Lieutenants Rector and
Riggs saw the smoke, and, judging that an attack had been made,
turned their course and pulled down stream as rapidly as possible,

1^4 IMONKKU KAMIUKS OF .MISSOURI

to the relief of their comrades. Rtggs' boat ran aground about a
hundred yards below Campbell's, and Rector, to avoid a similar
misfortune, and to preserve himself from a raking fire, anchored
abovei A brisk fire from both boats was immediately opened upon
the Indians, but as the latter were under cover, but little execu-
tion was done. The unequal contest lasted for more than an
hour, when Campbell's boat was discovered to be on fire, and in
order to save the men. Rector cut his cable and falling alongside
of the burning boat took the men on board. Finding that it was
impossible to withstand the overwhelming numbers which
were opposed to them, a retreat was ordered, and the boats
fell away from the shore to a safe distance. The Americans lost
twelve killed and between twenty and thirty wounded. The ex-
pedition was abandoned, and about the same time the garrison at
Prairie du Chien sui*rendered to the British.

In the meantime the American settlers north of the Missouri
river, perceiving the approaching storm, had taken measures for
their own defence. Several companies of rangers had been organ-
ized, who remained on the borders of the settlements and con-
stantly scoured the country in all directions. As soon as Indian
•' signs" were discovered, the alarm would be given to the peo-
ple, who would prepare themselves against surprise or attack.
Stout wooden forts were erected at various points, in which the
people would take shelter as soon as an alarm was given, and re-
main there until the danger was over. These forts were located
in the following order :

Daniel M. Boone's Fort, in Darst's Bottom, which was the larg-
est and strongest of the entire list. Howell's Fort, on Howell's
Prairie. Pond Fort, on Dardennc Prairie, a short distance south-
east of the present town of Wentzville. White's Fort, on Dog
Prairie. Kount/' Fort, on the Booneslick road, eight miles west
of St. Charles. Zumwalt's Fort, near the present town of O'Fal-
lon. Castlio's Fort, near Howell's Prairie. Tliese were all within
the present limits of St. Charles county, and a glance at the map
will show their positions. Kennedy's Fort was located near the
present town of Wright City, in Warren county. Callaway's Fort
was near the IMissouri river, at the French village of Charrette, a
short distance from the present towii of Marthasville. The site of
this fort and village has long since been washed away by the river.
Woods' Fort was where Tro}', in Lincoln county, now stands, and
was so far out on the frontier that it was abandoned before the

INDIAN WAR

95

war closed. Clark's Fort was four miles southeast of Troy, aud
Howard's Fort near the present site of Cap-au-Gris. Fort Clemi-
son stood on Loutre Island, in the present limits of Warren coun-
ty. It was also abandoned, being too remote from the main set-
tlements. In addition to these, there was a fortification at the
French village of Cotesansdessein in what is now Callaway county ;
and the settlements at Boone's Lick, in the present limits of How-
ard county, were also protected in like manner. These were
separated from the other settlements, and depended upon their
own resources for protection, being too remote to admit of com-
munication.

These forts were all built after the same general plan, viz: In
the form of a parallelogram, with block-houses at the four corners,
and the intervening spaces filled with log cabins and pali-
sades. They would not have withstood the fire of artillery'', but
afforded ample protection against rifles and muskets. None of
them, however, were ever attacked by the Indians, for their num-
ber and convenient locations, with the constant watchfulness of
the rangers, afforded the savages no opportunity of doing any
very serious damage.

The most serious calamity that befel the settlers during the In-
dian war, was the defeat of Captain James Callaway and a portion
of his company, and the death of their leader, at Loutre creek,
near the line of Montgomery and Callaway counties. Captain
Callaway was a son of Flanders Callaway, and grandson of Daniel
Boone, and being distinguished for his intelligence, fortitude and
courage, was elected to the command of a company of rangers at
the commencement of the difficulties, and up to the time of his
death was one of the most efficient, active, and daring scouts that
the country afforded.

Inasmuch as Captain Callaway occupied a prominent position
in the affairs of the country at that period, and many of his rela-
tives are still living, we insert the following sketch of his life, pub-
lic services, and death, as given by his sister, Mrs. Susannah
Howell, corroborated by Mr. William Keithley and Rev. Thomas
Bowen, all of whom are still living (1875). (Keithley and Bowen
were members of Callaway's company, though not present at the
time of his death. )

James Callaway, eldest son of Flanders Callaway and Jemima
Boone, was born in Lafayette county, Kentucky, September 13,
1783. He received a liiieral education for that period, and in

1*6 PIONKEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

1798 came with his parents to Upper Louisiana, where he remain-
ed a short time, and then returned to Kentucky to complete his
education.

Having finished his course, he came west again, and on the 9th
of Ma}', 1805, he married Nancy Howell. After his marriage he
built a cabin and settled near the northwest corner of Howell's
Prairie, in St. Charles county, on a small stream which he named
Kraut Eun. Three children resulted from this marriage — Thomas
H., Wm. B., and Theresa.

Captain Callaway is described as a tall man, with black hair and
eyes, high forehead, prominent cheek bones, and erect as an In-
dian, but very bow-legged. He was more than usually kind and
affectionate toward his family, by whom he was devotedly loved ;
and his intelligence and strict integrity as a man gave him the
confidence, respect and friendship of all his neighbors.

He served as deputy sheriff of St. Charles count}- for several
years, under Capt. Murriiy, and in 1813 he raised his first company
of rangers for service against the Indians. This company was com-
posed of the following named men, as shown by the muster roll,
which is still preserved :

Captain, James Callaway ; First Lieutenant, Prospect K. Rob-
bins ; Second Lieutenant, John B. Stone ; First Sergeant, Laikin
S. Callaway ; Second Sergeant, John Baldridge ; Third Sergeant,
Wm. Smith; Cornett, Jonathan Riggs ; Trumpeter, Thomas
Howell. Privates — Frank McDermid, John Stewart, John At-
kinson, Robert Fruit, Francis Howell, Joseph Hinds, Richard
Berry, Thomas Smith, Adam Zumwalt, Enoch Taylor, Aleck
Baldridge, Lewis Crow, Benjamin Howell, Anthony C. Palmer,
Daniel Hays, Boone Hays, Adam Zumwalt, Jr., John Howell,
and James Kerr.

This company was enlisted for a term of only a few months,
and Captain Callaway organized several others before his death.
The roll of his last company was in his possession when he was
killed, and it was lost, but from the memory of old citizens we
are enabled to give a pretty correct list of the names of the men,
as follows :

Captain, James Callaway ; First Lieutenant, David Bailey,
Second Lieutenant, Jonathan Riggs. Privates — James McMul-
lin, Hiram Scott, Frank McDermid, Wm. Keithley, Thomas Bow-
man, Robert Baldridge, James Kennedy, Thomas Chambers,
Jacob Groom, Parker Hutchings, — Wolf, Thomas Gilmore,

raDIAN WAR 97

John Baldridge, Joshua Deason, James Murdock, Wm. Kent, and
John K. Berry. We have been particular in giving the names of
thesemen, because their descendants, and a fewof tlie men them-
selves, are still living in the country they helped to defend.

Early in the morning of the 7th of March, 1815, Captain Calla-
way, with Lieutenant Riggs and fourteen of the men, viz : Mc-
MuUin, Scott, McDermid, Robert and John Baldridge, Hutching?,
Kennedy, Chambers, Wolf, Gilmore, Deason, Murdock, Kent and
Berry — left Fort Clemson, on Loutre Island, in pursuit of a party
of Sac and Fox Indians who had stolen some horses from settlers
in the vicinity. They swam Loutre slough on their horses, and
followed the Indian trail, which led them up the west bank of the
main stream. (Loutre slough runs from west to east, parallel
with the Missouri river, from which it flows, and into which it
empties again, at a distance of seven or eight miles below. Loutre
creek flows from northwest to southeast, and empties into the slough
at nearly right angles. ) The trail being vexy plain, they had no dif-
ficulty in pursuing it, and they made rapid progress. Reaching
Prairie Fork, a branch of Loutre, they swam it on their horses, a
distance of seventy-five yards above where it empties into Loutre
creek. It was now about noon, and feeling sure that they were
not far in the rear of the Indians, they advanced with caution, in
order to avoid surprise. About two o'clock in the afternoon, and
about twelve miles from where they had crossed Prairie Fork, they
came upon the stolen horses, secreted in a bend of Loutre creek,
and guarded by only a few squaws. These fled upon the
approach of the rangers, and the latter secured the horses without
further trouble. They were not molested in any manner, and not
a sign of an Indian warrior could be seen anywhere, although the
appearance of the trail had proven 'conclusively that the party
numbered from eighty to one hundred. These circumstances
aroused the suspicions of Lieutenant Riggs, and obtaining the con-
sent of his Captain, he reconnoitered the locality thoroughly be-
fore they started on their return. No signs of Indians could be
discovered ; still his suspicions were not allayed, but on the con-
trary, they were increased, and he suggested to Callaway that it
would be dangerous to return by the route they had followed in
the morning, as the savages were evidently preparing an ambus-
cade for them. Captain Callaway was an experienced Indian
fighter, and as wary as he was brave, but on this occasion he did
not allow himself to be governed by his better judgment. He

98 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

declared that he did not believe there were half-a-dozen Indians in
the vicinity, and that he intended to return to the fort by the
same route they had come.

Seeing that further expostulation was useless, Riggs said nothing
more at the time ; and the rangers were soon in the saddle and on
the march for the fort.

Upon reaching a suitable place, about a mile from the mouth of
Prairie Fork, they stopped to let their horses rest, and to refresh
themselves with a lunch. Riggs availed himself of the opportu-
nity, and again represented to the Captain the danger they were
incurring. He anticipated an attack at the crossing of the creek,
and entreated Callaway, for the sake of the lives of the men, to
at least avoid that point. He showed that the Indians would
have all the advantages on their side ; they outnumbered the rangers
three to one, were not encumbered with horses, and would, no
doubt, fire upon them from their concealment behind trees and
logs, where the fire could not be successfully returned.

But Callaway, instead of heeding the good advice of his Lieu-
tenant, flew into a passion, and cursed him for a coward. He
declared, also, that he would return the way he had come if he had
to go alone.

Riggs said nothing more, but reluctantly followed his Captain
into what he felt sure was almost certain death.

Hutchings, McDermid, and McMuUin were in advance, leading
the stolen horses, while Callaway, Riggs, and the rest of the com-
panj^ were fifty or a hundred j^ards in the rear.

The three men in advance, upon reaching Prairie Fork, plunged
their horses into the stream, which was swollen from recent rains,
and were swimming across, when they were fired upon by the en-
tire body of Indians, concealed on both sides of the creek. They
were not harmed by the first volley, but succeeded in reaching
the opposite shore, where they were killed.

At the first sound of firing, Callaway spurred his horse
forward into the creek, and had nearly reached the opposite shore,
when he was fired upon. His horse was instantly killed, while he
received a slight wound in the left arm, and escaped immediate
death only by the ball lodging against his watch, which was torn
to pieces. He sprang from his dead horse to the bank, and
throwing his gun into the creek, muzzle down, he ran down the
stream a short distance, then plunged into the water and com-
menced swimming, when he was shot in the back of the head, the

INDIAN WAR 99

ball passing through and lodging in the forehead. His body-
sank immediately, and was not scalped or mutilated by the
Indians.

In the meantime Lieutenant Riggs and the rest of the men were
hotly engaged, and forced to retreat, fighting as they went.
Several were wounded, but none killed. They could not tell
what execution was done among the Indians. Scott and Wolf
became separated from the main body, and the former was killed.
Wolf escaped to the fort, and was the first to bring the news
of the disaster, which he greatly exaggerated, supposing himself
to be the only one who had escaped death.

Riggs and the men under him fell back about a mile, and turn-
ing to the right, crossed Prairie Fork about the same distance
above its mouth, and making a wide circuit, escaped, without
further molestation, to the fort.

The following day a company of men returned to the scene of
the fight for the purpose of burying the dead. The bodies of
Hutchings, McDermid, and McMuUin, had been cut to pieces, and
hung on surrounding bushes. The remains were gathered up and
buried in one grave, near the spot where they were killed. It is
said that Hutchings and McDermid, shortly before their deaths,
had a bitter quarrel, and had agreed to fight it out with rifles
■as soon as their term of service expired. But their quarrel was
brought to a sudden and tragic termination without any intei*-
vention of their own, and now their bodies slumber together in
the same grave. Thus death ends all animosities.

Captain Callaway's body was not found until several days after
his death, when, the water having receded, it was discovered by
Benjamin Howell, hanging in a bush several hundred yards below
the scene of the fight. His gun had been recovered several days
before. It was found standing upright, with the muzzle sticking
fast in the mud at the bottom of the creek. Lewis Jones swana
in and brought the gun to the shore, and it fired as readily as if
it had never been in the water. It had an improved water-proof
■flint-lock, which water could not penetrate.

Flanders Callaway, learning of the death of his son, had come
from St. Charles county with a company of men, to assist in
searching for the body, and he was present when it was found.
The body was wrapped in blankets, and buried on the side of an
abrupt hill overlooking Loutre creek. Several months afterward

100

PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

the grave was walled in with rough stones, and a flat slab was laid
across the head, on which was engraved :

CAPT. JAS. CALLAWAY,

March 7, 1815.

The slab had been prepared in St. Charles county, by Tarleton
Goe, a cousin of the dead ranger.

The diagram of the battle-field, which we give on this page,
was drawn on the spot, and presents a correct view of the
situation.

DIAGRAM OF BATTLE GROUND.
A. The ford, where Callaway was first shot. B. Where he jumped into Prairie Fork
after he was shot. C. Where his body was found. D. & E. Where the Indians were
concealed. F. Where Riggs and hie men left the main trail, and crossed Prairie
Fork at G. H. Grave of Ilutchings, MoDermid and McMullin. I. Callaway's grave.

Lieutenant Riggs served with distinction during the remainder
of the war, and afterward became a prominent citizen of Lincoln
county. He was the first County Judge of that county, and was
subsequently elected SheriflT. During the Black Hawk war he was
commissioned Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and afterward
served as Brigadier-General of militia. He was a daring, but
cautious and prudent oflScer, and if the unfortunate Callaway had
listened to his advice, his life and the lives of his men would have
been spared.

INDIAN WAR 101

It is not known for certain whether any of the Indians were
killed in this battle or not, but one of their chiefs, named Keokuk,
a man of some distinction, was wounded, and died shortly after.
He was buried in the prairie, one and one-half miles north-
east of the present town of Wellsville, in Montgomery county.
In 1826 his remains were taken up by Dr. Bryan and several
other gentlemen, and upon his breast was found a large silver
medal, containing his name, rank, etc. He was evidently
a giant in stature, for the jaw bone, which, with several other
bones of the body, are still presei-ved by Mrs. Dr. Peery, of
Montgomery county, will fit over the face of the largest sized
man.

MURDER OF THE RAMSEY FAMILY.

The next most important event of the Indian war, was the
murder of the Ramsey family, which occurred on the 20th of
May, 1815.

Robert Ramsey lived about two miles northwest of the present
town of Marthasville, in Warren county. His family consisted
of himself, his wife, five children, ^nd a little half-breed Indian
boy whom they had adopted. Mr. Ramsey was a one-legged
man, having received a hurt in a fall from a horse, which neces-
sitated the amputation of one of his limbs, and he wore a wooden
peg-leg. Their location was considered dangerous, and they had
been repeatedly warned by the rangers to move to a less exposed
locality ; but, like most of the people of those days, they regarded
the Indians with contempt, and had a very poor opinion of their
bravery and fighting qualities. Ramsey, with his one leg, felt
competent to whip a score of the red skins, and therefore he paid
no attention to the repeated warnings of the men who knew
better than he the dangers to which he and his family were
exposed.

The day before the attack on this family, the Indians watched
the house of Mr. Aleck McKinney, who lived four or five miles
west of Ramsey's. McKinney's family consisted of only himself
and wife, and their location, being so far out on the frontier, was
considered so extremely dangerous that a man was generally de-
tailed by the rangers to stay with them as a guard. On the day
referred to, McKinney was plowing a piece of young corn that
lay between the house and a field of wheat, that was just begin-
ning to turn ripe. He had two fierce dogs which exhibited signs
of great distress during the morning, running into the wheat and

102 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

barking fiercely, and then as suddenly running out again, with
their bristles turned as if they had been close upon some un-
familiar and frightful object.

McKinney, becoming uneasy, stopped plowing, and called to a
ranger named Housley, who was staying with them at the time,
and who was then engaged in shooting squirrels in a piece of tim-
ber on the opposite side of the house. Housley soon joined him>
and the two examined the wheat as closely as they could without
venturing into it. The dogs continued to exhibit signs of alarm
and uneasiness, and the men unhitched the horse and went to the
house, in order to be better prepared for an attack should one be
made. But no Indians showed themselves. Upon examining the
wheat sometime afterward, however, the places where six of them
had lain were discovered, and early next morning news was re-
ceived of the murder of the Ramsey family by a party of six In-
dians, supposed to be the same.

The attack was made about sunrise in the morning. Mrs. Ram-
sey was in the lot milking the cows, her husband and four of the
children were in the yard near her, and the other two children — one
of whom was the little half-breed Indian — had gone to the spring,
which was some distance from the house, for water. The first in-
timation of the presence of the Indians was given by the cows.
They snuffed the air, shook their horns, bellowed, and attempted
to jump over the lot fence — for the cattle knew and dreaded the
common enemy. At that instant, with whoops and yells, the In-
dians dashed out of the woods and rushed forward with uplifted
tomahawks, intending to brain and tomahawk the whites without
resorting to the use of their guns. Mrs. Ramsey started to run
to the house, but was fired upon and mortally wounded ; and just
as she reached the bars that separated the lot from the yard, an
Indian, who had run close up to her, aimed his tomahawk at her
head. She threw herself forward, fell through the open bars,
escaped the blow that was intended for her, and succeeded in
reaching the house. Mr. Ramsey, who had not yet put on his
wooden leg, and could therefore make but slow progress, started
toward the house upon the first alarm, but was shot and severely
wounded just as he reached the door. As he fell he reached his
hand above the door and got a long tin trumpet which was kept
there, and commenced blowing it. This was understood by the
Indians as a signal of alarm to the rangers, and they turned and
fled as suddenly as if they had been fired upon by a body of

INDIAN WAR 103

troops. Evei'y family kept a trumpet in those dangerous times,
to be used when in danger or distress, and its sound never failed
to bring the rangers, if they were in hearing. The Indians knew
this, and never delayed after the trumpet, was sounded.

In the meantime, three of the children had been tomahawked in
the yard, and one of them, a little girl thirteen years of age, was
scalped. She lived four days in great agony, when death kindly
came to her relief. The fourth child, a little thing just able to
walk, squatted, like a frightened rabbit, in some weeds in the cor-
ner of the fence, and escaped unhurt. The two children who had
gone to the spring heard the firing, and knowing what it meant,
fled to the house of a neighbor, several miles distant, and were
saved. The half-breed Indian boy, whose name was Paul, lived
to be past middle age, and is still remembered by citizens of St.
Charles, where he resided many years.

A lad named Abner Bryan, a son of Jonathan Bryan,
was boarding at the house of Jesse Caton (who lived near
the present site of Marthasville), attending school, and had been
sent to Ramsey's that morning on some errand. He left only
a short time before the attack, and no doubt narrowly escaped
death. Jesse Caton, Jr., a son of the gentleman just men-
tioned, was hunting some of his father's horses in the woods,
and while crossing a ravine near Ramsey's house, discovered the
tracks of the Indians, and immediately afterward the yelling and
firing commenced at the house. He ran home as quickly as pos-
sible, and gave the alarm, and several members of the family
started at once to warn their neighbors. By. eight o'clock the
news had spread all over the settlements, and a large party of
armed men were in pursuit of the Indians, while others remained
to take care of the wounded. Colonel Boone, who was in Calla-
way's Fort, at Charrette, was sent for to dress' their wounds, his
long experience in such matters having rendered him very effi-
cient. The news of the massacre had preceded the messenger,
and when he arrived at the fort Boone was pacing up and down
in front of an open space in the stockades, which had not been
completed, with his gun on his shoulder, and whistling in his usual
undisturbed manner.

Mrs. Ramsey gave premature birth to a child, and died shortly
afterward, but her husband recovered from his wound and lived
several years. Two of the children who had been tomahawked
dieil during the day, but the other lived until the fourth day.

104 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

An eye witness, who arrived upon the scene about ten o'clock,
describes it as most heart-rending. The children were lying upon
the floor, two of them in the agonies of death, and every time they
struggled for breath the blood and brains oozed out at the wounds
made by the murderous tomahawks. Mrs. Ramsey was in an ad-
joining room, but her groans of agony could be plainly heard.
Her husband was lying upon a bed in the front room, and Boone
was engaged in extracting the bullet, which had passed through
the groin and lodged near the surface on the back of the hip. The
old pioneer was quiet and unexcited, as usual, but his lips were
compressed and a fire gleamed from his eyes . that indicated dan-
ger to any savage that might have come within his reach at that
time. Strong men, looking upon those murdered children, wept
and silently vowed vengeance against the inhuman foe.

Thirty experienced scouts were on the trail of the Indians, and
their escape seemed almost impossible. After going a short dis-
tance they separated into three parties, two in each party,
and then soon divided again, and each pursued his course alone.
This rendered it difficult to follow the various trails, and necessi-
tated a division of the pursuers also. At night the Indians came
together again at a designated point, where they received rein-
forcements, and on the following day a fight occurred between
them and a party of rangers from near Howard's Fort. Capt.
Craig and a few men were in the fort, and Cfpt. Musick and a
small party were camped two miles distant, on Cuivre river.
During the day the men at the latter place heard what they sup-
posed to be wild turkeys "calling," on the other side of the
river, and Lieutenant McNeice, a Mr. Weber, a Mr. Burnes, and
one or two others, got into a bark canoe that. lay at the camp and
crossed over, to see if they could find the turkeys. They pro-
ceeded along the stream some distance before crossing, and had
not reached the other shore when they were fired upon by the
Indians, who were concealed in the woods, and had been imitating
the "call" of wild turkeys in order to decoy them. McNeice
and several of the men were instantly killed. Weber, who was
unhurt, sprang out of the canoe and swam back to a raft in the
river, where he was followed by a large Indian, who pretended
that he wanted to be friendly. But looking back he saw another
Indian swimming toward the raft with a knife in his mouth, and
knowing that he meant mischief, he sprang into the water and
dived toward him, drawing his knife from his belt while he

INDIAN WAR 105

was ^nder water. He came up by the side of the Indian, and
stabbod him to the heart, killing him instantly ; and then swam
some distance to an island, where he climbed a tree, and began
to call to the men in the fort. They recognized his voice, and
several men, among whom was "Indian Dixon," the noted scout,
started to his rescue. They got into a bark canoe and turned it
toward the island, but had proceeded only a short distance when
the frail craft capsized. Some of the men swam to the shore,
and the rest were picked up by Capt. McMann, who came up just
at that moment with a keel boat loaded with supplies for Fort
Howard. The following day George Burnes and three French-
men went in a canoe down to Old Monroe, about a mile and a
half below the fort, to get a grindstone. On their return they
stopped in the woods to get some pawpaw bark, to use in stretch-
ing deer skins ; and while they were peeling it from the bushes,
they were attacked b}' a party of Indians. Two of the French-
men were killed instantly, and the third was struck in the back of
the head with a tomahawk. He ran about one hundred yards
with the weapon sticking fast in his skull, and then fell dead.
Burnes escaped, and reached the fort unhurt. Simultaneously
with their attack upon him and the Frenchmen, the Indians made
a demonstration against the fort, by showing themselves and
firing their guns in that direction. One spent ball fell in the
yard of the fort, and was picked up by Mrs. Frances Riffle. As
soon as they had discharged their guns the savages withdrew,
and, after some consultation among the rangers, it was decided to
follow them. The men of both Craig's and Musick's commands
joined in the pursuit, which was irregular and without order, each
man going on " his own hook," as they termed it. The Indians
took refuge in a sink-hole about half a mile southwest of the fort,
and fortified themselves behind some rocks that lay at the bot-
tom. Here they were surrounded by the rangers, and a fight
was kept up until dark, during which Capt. Craig and his lieuten-
ant, Stevens, and one man in Captain Musick's company, were
killed. One Indian was. also killed. The rangers at first
attempted to advance from tree to tree down the sides of the
sink-hole, but Craig and Stevens having been killed, without pro-
ducing any effect upon the Indians, they abandoned that plan, and
constructed a moveable breastwork upon the wheels of a cart, in-
tending to push it before them as they advanced upon the
savages. But it proved ineffectual, being so clumsy that they

106 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

could not guide it around the trees on the steep sides of the sink-
hole. It was while they were experimenting with this contrivance
that Capt. Musick's, man was killed. He spoke to a comrade
near him, saying he intended to shoot an Indian in the mouth,
and stepping to one side of the breastwork he deliberately took
aim and fired. At the same moment a flash came from the
bottom of the sink-hole, and the man fell dead.

During the day reports had come in, stating that a large body of
Indians, numbering 800 or 1,000, had crossed the Mississippi riv-
er from Illinois, and were advancing upon the settlements. These
reports proved to be false, but they bore evidence of truth, and
the rangers, deeming it unsafe to remain outside the walls of
the fort over night, withdrew at the close of the day and left the
Indians unmolested. Early the next morning they returned to
the scene of the previous day's fight, and, as thej' expected,
found that the Indians had disappeared. But on the margin of
the sink-hole lay the dead ranger, with an Indian, stark and stiff
in death, sitting astride of his body. It was a singular and re-
volting spectacle, and was not soon forgotten by those who wit-
nessed it. This was the only Indian that was killed during the
fight, but from the amount of blood with which the rocks where
they lay were sprinkled, the rangers judged that several of them
had been wounded. They felt that they were in a very close
place, and were heard frequently during the fight to call on the
Great Spirit for assistance, promising him that if he would help
them out of that scrape they would never get into another like it.

An incident occurred at the fort on the day of the fight that is
too good to be emitted. When the rangers had decided to follow
the Indians, after their first assault, one man refused to go, and
endeavored to screen his cowardice behind the plea that it was
not safe to leave the women and children unprotected. The
women declared that they were able to defend themselves, and
tried to drive the man out of the fort. . But he stubbornly refused
to go, and flying into a passion, he struck his fist with great
violence on the top of a pork barrel that stood near him, and
swore a terrible oath that he could whip any woman or pork bar-
rel in the fort. His fighting qualities, however, did not extend to
Indians, and he took care to remain in safe quarters.

The report that a large body of Indians had crossed the river
very naturally created great excitement and alarm, and the peo-
ple of the border settlements, acting upon the advice of the

INDIAN WAR 107"

rangers, abandoned their homes and fled to the sti'ong forts ui the
interior, where they were joined by the rest of the inhabitants.,
until the entire population was gathered into one or two of the
larger forts, principally Daniel M. Boone's Fort in Darst's Bot-
tom. But in a day or two scouts came in and allayed the fears
of the people by announcing that the alarming reports which had
been circulated were entirely without foundation in truth, and that
there were no hostile Indians near the settlements. So the
people returned to their homes and resumed their usual occupa-
tions.

This unnecessary fright was the cause of a serious loss to Col.
Boone. He had been engaged for some time in the preparation
of his autobiography, undertaken at the earnest and repeated so-
licitations of his friends, and the work was more than half com-
pleted. When the fort at Charrette was abandoned, his manu-
scripts, Bible, and a number of other articles, were placed in a
pirogue to be conveyed down the river to Boone's Fort. Flan-
ders Callaway and another man had charge of the craft, and
while passing down a very swift place in the river, it struck a
snag and capsized, emptying its contents into the river. Calla-
way and his companion barely escaped with their lives. Boone
was a poor scribe, and as writing was very laborious to him, he
never undertook the task again, and thus many valuable facts-
connected with his eventful life were lost.

FIGHT AT COTESANSDESSEIN.

The village of Cotesansdessein, in Callaway county, was
settled by some French explorers previous to 1800, and
was once a thriving place. One of the hardest fights of the In-
dian war took place there, as well as one of the most remarkable
exhibitions of courage and fortitude that has been recorded in the
history of any country. It was an isolated place, situated equi-
distant between the settlements in S^. Charles district and
those in the Boone's Lick country, too far from either to expect
succor in case of an attack.

At the time of which we write, the little blockhouse at this
place was occupied by only five persons — a Frenchman named
Baptiste Louis Roi, two other men, and two women ; but they
successfully withstood a protracted siege and repelled repeated
assaults from a numerous and very determined band of Indians.
The attack, as usual with the savages, commenced suddenly and
without pi-evious warning ; but the little garrison, with the ex-

108 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ception of one man, flew to arms, and soon had the satisfaction
of seeing their red enemies retire in confusion to the cover of
the woods, carrying several dead bodies with them. One of the
men, observing how greatly the Indians outnumbered them, be-
came panic-stricken at the commencement of the attack, and
devoted himself to fervent prayer and humble penitence through-
out the siege, leaving his companions and the women to fight the
savages. The women, the wife and sister-in-law of Roi, lent
efficient and indispensable aid to the two soldiers. At the com-
mencement of the attack, they were but jjoorly supplied with
bullets, but while the men were firing, the women busied them-
selves moulding balls and cutting patches, so as to keep up the
defense in a steady and uninterrupted manner. Fourteen of the
Indians had been killed, and many more wounded ; when at last,
becoming desperate under their severe punishment, they made a
combined assault upon the blockhouse, but were driven back iii
disorder, with the loss of several more of their warriors.
The assault was repeated two or three times, but always with a
similar result. Finding they could not carry the fort by storm or
siege, they resorted to the use of fire. Fastening combustible
materials to their arrows, they were ignited and then shot into
the roof of the blockhouse ; but as often as this was done the
women extinguished the fire by a judicious use of the little water
they had within the building. The blockhouse stood near the
river bank, but the garrison was too weak to risk a single life by
going after the precious liquid, and they watched with appalling
interest the rapid decrease of their scanty stock. Each new
blaze was heralded with demoniac yells from the assailants ;
and at last the water was exhausted — the last drop in the last,
bucket had been used ! The next instant the roof over their heads
was in a blaze, and despair stamped itself upon the features of
the devoted little band. But at this critical moment one of the
women produced a gallon of milk, and the flames were again
extinguished. Soon another shower of blazing arrows fell
upon the roof, and it was soon on fire again. Roi and his brave
comrade looked silently at each other, and then glanced sorrow-
fully toward their wives. They felt that their time had come,
and well they knew the fate worse than , death that awaited the
loved ones should they fall into the hands of the infuriated sav-
ages. For a moment Mrs. Roi disappeared in an adjoining room,
and when she came out again, her face was lighted up with a

INDIAN WAR 109"

smile of triumph. In her hands she held a vessel, familiar in all
bed-chambers, that contained a fluid more valuable now than
gold. Again the fire was extinguished, and then the little garri-
son sent forth a shout of exultation and defiance. Three times-
more the roof was set on fire, but each time the mysterious vessel
supplied the needed liquid, and the flames were extinguished. At
last, the Indians finding themselves baffled at every turn, scream-
ed a bitter howl of rage and resentment, and withdrew. But
before leaving the settlement, they collected a dozen small ket-
tles, and having broken them in pieces, they piled them around a
large unbroken one, as a sigh to otber savages who might follow
in their trail, that one white man had slain many of their braves.

At the commencement of the war, a man named O'Neil was
living on King's Lake, in Lincoln county. His family consisted
of himself, his wife, two sons, two daughters, and an orphan
child two years old, that his wife had adopted. Their position
was very much exposed, being upon the very outskirts of the set-
tlements, and they very naturally felt some apprehension in re-
gard to an attack. One day O'Neil went to the house of a neighbor,
some distance from where he lived, to consult with him in regard
to a definite plan of defence, and upon his return home the man-
gled remains of his murdered wife and children met his horrified
vision. During his absence the Indians had crossed the river on
the ice and murdered his entire family. The little orphan child
had endeavored to escape by secreting itself in the chimney, but
the heat drove it out, and the inhuman monsters seized it and
threw it into a large kettle of boiling water that stood upon the
fire, and there its remains were found by its adopted father upon
his return to his desolated home. The poor man was nearly crazy
with grief, but had to submit to the fate which he could not
avert.

One of th^ Indians belonging to this party afterward met a
death that he richly deserved, and which he brought upon himself
by his vain boasting. After the close of the war, when a treaty of
peace with the Indians was being made at Rock Island, there
was present with the American troops a ranger named McNair,
who understood the Indian tongue. Some of the savages were
relating their exploits, and one in particular was telling, with
great delight, how he had killed and scalped one of the O'Neil
boys, and how his victim grinned when in the agonies of death.
McNair, enraged at what he heard, closely watched this Indian,

110 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

determined, as soon as an opportunity presented itself, to kill
liim, notwitiistanding it would be a gross violation of the treaty
then in progress, and punishable with death. "I'll make you
grin, you red devil! " he thought, as he saw the Indian stalking
about in the midst of his companions. Awaiting his opportunity,
when the attention of the American officers was engaged, he
sent a bullet crashing through the brain of the boasting savage,
and then mounting his horse he escaped before any attempt could
be made to arrest him. The incident caused great excitement at
the camp, and came near bringing the treaty to an abrupt and
hostile termination ; but quiet was finally restored, and the nego-
tiations proceeded to their termination. But the Indians took
care not to boast any more in the presence of the rangers.

The same Indians who murdered the O'Neil family also killed
several other persons in the vicinity, and then escaped to their
own country.

A ranger named David Reeland was wounded in a fight that
occurred between the Indians and a party of rangers who were
ascending the Mississippi river on a keel-boat. After he had par-
tially recovered, he went early one morning to the house of a man
named Keeley, and while sitting on his horse conversing with the
latter, he was shot by an Indian who had crept close to them in
the woods, and instantly killed. Keeley ran into his house, and,
securing his gun, shot the Indian dead as he was in the act of
scalping the fallen ranger. During the previous night a party of
Indians had attacked the house of Mr. Christopher Hostetter, and
while trying to get into the house one of them fell into a well in
the yard. His comrades helped him out by means of an Indian
ladder, which they left in the well, and then, overcome by super-
stitious fear, they abandoned the attack and departed.

OTHER INCIDENTS OF THE INDIAN WAR.

We are indebted for the following adventures and incidents of
the Indian War to the editors of the Lincoln County Herald^ who
are publishing sketches of the early history of that county in their
excellent paper, and who kindly gave us the use of their files.

Wood's Fort, where Troy now stands, and the settlement

INDIAN WAR

111

around it, were io a state of almost constant siege. Bands of
Indians were prowling about the country, watching opportunities
to pick up stragglers who might' fall in their way. Much of the
time the fort was closely invested, and it was a favorite maneuver
•of the savages, on dark nights, to gallop their horses up nearly
ito the walls of the fort, whooping and yelling like a pack of
demons, fire a few shots, and then disappear- as suddenly as they
came. This kind of warfare entailed great hardships, privations
and danger upon the inhabitants, and gave them but few oppor-
tunities of retaliating upon their enemies. Farming operations
liad to be abandoned ; but a small patch in the present limits of
Troy was cultivated by the rangers, when they were at home in
sufficient numbers to afford a guard, and by this means stai-vation
was kept from their doors. But provisions were very scarce, and
children often cried from hunger when there was nothing to
-satisfy them. The people dressed almost entirely in buckskin.

The Indians who caused the troubles were principally Sacs and
Foxes, led by Black Hawk, who afterward became famous as a
warrior and statesman. This savage chief possessed a most
remarkable intellect, united with boundless ambition and great
'Courage and perseverance, and had he possessed the advantages
of civilization and education, he would have been an ornament to
the age in which he lived.

Early in the commencement of the war (about 1813), four
young rangers, named Hamilton McNair, Peter Pugh, Big Joe
McCoy and Little Joe McCoy, went from Wood's Fort to Sulphur
Lick, to hunt deer. (It was Hamilton McNair' s brother who
killed the Indian at Rock Island after the close of the war.)
This lick is formed by a spring, strongly impregnated with sul-
phur, iron, salt, and other minerals, and is Situated about a quar-
ter of a mile east of North Cuivre, and a mile and a half north
of Rigg's ford. The place had been settled some time before the
war ; a cabin had been built and a small patch of ground cleared
around the spring ; but it was abandoned soon after the com-
inencementof hostilities. While encamped at the spring, the ran-
gers were attacked by a party of Indians under Black Hawk. Big
Joe McCoy, who had gone a short distance into the woods, discov-
ered the Indians before the attack was made, and immediately se-
cretied himself. At the commencement of the attack, McNair
ifled, but was pursued into the old field about one hundred yards
,from the spring, where he was overtaken and tomahawked.

112 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Pugh and Little Joe McCoy stood their ground and fought
desperately. The former screened himself behind his horse,
and fired only when he was sure of his aim. Four Indians bit
the dust before his unerring rifle ; but the unequal struggle was
soon over. The savages rushed in and killed both of the rangers,
and in revenge for the bloody work done by Pugh, they hacked
his body in pieces. Big Joe McCoy's hiding place was soon dis-
covered, and the Indians began to close in upon him. Among
all the rangers there was none more fleet of foot or active than
he, and bounding out from his concealment he started in a swift
run on a direct Une for the fort, with the Indians howHng after
him. One warrior, more active than his comrades, soon took the
lead, and held him a tight race for a mile or more. A large oak
tree had fallen, and its branches lay directly in the path. Without
swerving in the least, McCoy made a desperate leap and went
flying clear over the tree top. The Indian stopped and gazed
in amazement at the retreating form of his white foe, and then
exclaimed in broken English, "Whoop! heap big jump! Me no
follow! " and immediately abandoned the pursuit. McCoy's legs
had re-commenced their office before he touched the ground, and
he never stopped until he met a party of rangers from the fort,
who had become alarmed at the prolonged absence of the four
men, and had started out to seek them. After listening to
McCoy's story, they hastened on to the scene of the fight, but
the Indians had disappeared, doubtless having observed their
approach. The remains of the three men who had been killed
were collected and buried on the bank of a small ravine near
where they fell. Many years after their bones became exposed,
by the washing awaj' of the earth, and they were taken up and
reinterred.

On another occasion a party of rangers from Wood's and
Clark's forts crossed the Mississippi below the mouth of Cuivre,
and attacked the Indians in their own country. Being greatly
outnumbered they were compelled to retreat, but without the
loss of any lives. One man, named Isaac White, had both
thumbs shot off while in the act of discharging his gun.

In 1803 William McHugh came to Lincoln county, and settled
near where the present road from New Hope to Cap-au-Gris
crosses Sandy Creek, on the farm now occupied by B. J. Locke.
One day during the following summer he sent his three sons,
James, William and Jesse, mere lads, to hunt the horses, which,

INDIAN WAR 113

as usual in those times, were allowed to graze at will in the woods.
They found the horses about a mile from home, and having
secured them, started on their return. They were soon joined by
a famous Indian scout named Dixon, whom the boys, of course,
regarded with great admiration. They offered him a seat on one
of their horses, and invited him to go to their father's house and
remain all night. He gladly accepted the invitation, and mounted
in front of the youngest boy, a lad ten or twelve years of age ;
the other two boys riding each a horse. They reached the ford of
Sandy creek, and stopped to let their horses drink. They had
barely halted when they were fired upon by a body of Indians
concealed in the brush near them, and the two elder boys and
the horses they rode were instantly killed. Dixon's horse, wild
with fright, sprang up the steep bank of the creek, when the girth
of the saddle broke and his two riders fell to the ground. But
springing to their feet, they started on a race for their lives
while the Indians, yelling frightfully, followed close after them.
The scout outran the boy, and the little fellow, almost in the
clutches of the savages, cried out in tones of agonized fright,
"Oh! Mr. Dixon, don't leave me! " The next instant a murder-
ous tomahawk sank into his brain, and his cry of terror was
smothered by the death gurgle. This was a trying moment to
Dixon. It seemed like base ingratitude tor leave the little fellow
to his fate, yet the Indians were so numerous that any attempt on
the part of the scout to resist them, unarmed as he was, would
have been simply a surrender of his own life into their hands,
without an}' benefit to the bo3^ The savages pursued him nearly
a mile, and up to the very fence that surrounded McHugh's yard,
and then turned and fled. The three murdered boys were buried
in one grave, on a point near where they fell, their only coffin being
rude puncheons laid over them, upon which the earth was thrown.
A leaning white oak marks their grave, as if weeping over their
cruel and untimely fate. The Indians who committed this deed
were commanded by Black Hawk himself, and the fact that peace
existed at the time between the two races, made it one of the
most dastardly acts that was ever committed. They afterward
excused themselves by saying that some white men on the Missis-
sippi river had killed three Indian dogs, and they had come into
the settlements for revenge, and were satisfied with the killing
of the three boys. But in truth they were a treacherous, blood-
thirsty peoi)le, and were governed solely by their hatred of the

114 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

white race, and their instinctive love of cruelty and murder^
One morning, after the commencement of active hostilities in
the year of 1812, a party of men and boys left the fort and went
to a place known as the Lindsay Lick, to gather greens. Among
the party were Benjamin Allen, Francis Riffle, Durgee, William
McHugh, and John Lindsay. After obtaining the greens, they
started on their return, and had reached McLane's creek, when
they were fired upon by a party of Indians. Durgee was instantly
killed, but the rest of the part}^ escaped uninjured. Two bo^-s,
sons of the man who was killed, sprang into the creek and swam
across, and concealed themselves in a hollow log. The}'
were barely pettled in their place of concealment when an In-
dian jumped upon the log, and stood for some time peering into
the surrounding woods. The boys could see him plainly through
a small aperture, and they held their breath to avoid attracting
his attention. Directly he gave a loud whoop, which made their
hearts jump into their throats, and then disappeared in the
woods. As soon as all was quiet on the outside, the fugitives
crawled out and ran as fast as their legs could carry them in the
direction of the fort. On the way they saw a party of Indians,
but eluded them and escaped in safety to the fort. One of these
boys, named Charles Durgee, lived to be an old man. He set-
tled near Canton, Mo., built a large mill, and became wealthy.
He died a few years ' since, much respected for his many good
qualities as a citizen and a man.

Mr. Samuel Howell settled in Lincoln county in June, 1827,
having emigrated from Franklin county, Ga. Soon after he came
to the county, he and a small party went down to the Mississippi
for a week's hunt. During the afternoon of the first day, a fine
buck was killed not far from the camp. The next morning, after
the others had been gone some time, Mr. Howell took his rifle
and walked down the river about half a mile. Approaching the
bank, and happening to look toward the opposite side, he saw an
Indian shove his canoe into the water and step into it. At that dis-
tance he appeared to be a very large and powerful man, and Mr.
Howell watched his movements with a considerable degree of
interest, for the Indians in the upper country, under the cele-
brated chief Black Hawk, had begun to be troublesome, and it
was not known at what time they might make a raid upon the
white settlements. For several minutes the warrior remained
motionless, as if listening, and then seating himself, he began to

INDIAX WAR 115

ply his paddle, and the canoe sped swiftly up the stream, hugging
close to the shore as if to screen itself under the overhanging
bushes. Reaching a point opposite the hunters' camp, it turned
and made directly across the stream. Mr. Howell, suspecting
mischief, returned as quickly as he could to the camp, which he
reached a few minutes in advance of the Indian. The latter was
unarmed, but advanced directly toward the camp, without show-
ing by a sign or an expression of his countenance whether he
meant friendship or enmity. Stepping up to Mr. Howell, he
grasped his hand and grunted out the usual Indian salutation of
•"'Howdo?" which was probably all* the English he knew. The
next instant he snatched the rifle out of Mr. Howell's hand, with
the same show of rough cordiality, and with a complacent smile
proceeded to carefully examine every portion of the weapon from
the muzzle to the breech. Mr. Howell was not sure but that the
smile meant mischief, and blamed himself severely for allowing
the gun to be taken from him ; but the movement was so unex-
pected and sudden that he had not the power to resist it. He
deemed it prudent, however, not to betray any signs of uneasi-
ness, but to await further developments. Having finished the
examination with many evidences of satisfaction, the Indian
made signs, by taking aim, imitating the noise of the discharge
of the piece, going through the motions of a wounded deer, and
then pointing to the skin and the spot where the deer had been
killed, to show that he had been a witness on that occasion. He
then handed the rifle back, and with many smiles and nods of
pleasure and approbation, proceeded to examine the other equip-
ments of the camp. No harm came of this adventure, but Mr.
Howell never ceased to regret his carelessness in allowing the
Indian to snatch his gun.

Shortly afterward, Mr. Howell went with another hunting party
to near the mouth of Cuivre river, and while riding out one day,
they came upon an Indian tent, in the door of which sat a vener-
able-looking old warrior. On the inside was an old squaw, en-
gaged in cooking, while a young and very pretty one sat 3. little
distance from her, on a mat of deer skins. The hunters thought
she was the most handsome woman they had ever seen, and cast
many admiring glances toward her, which greatly annoyed her.
The fire of anger gleamed from her beautiful eyes, but this man-
ifestation of her displeasure producing no effect, she covered her
face with a deer skin, and remained covered while the interview

116 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

lasted. The old squaw gave each of the visitors a piece of jerked
venison, and poured a little salt into the palm of each one's hand.
The venison had been dried in the sun, was very hard, and did
not have the appearance of being extra clean ; but politeness de-
manded that they should eat it. The longer they chewed it, the*
larger it seemed to get, and they were compelled either to gulp it
do^n or spit it out, and most of them finally chose the latter
alternative. The old warrior related, in broken English, and by
signs, how the Indians often caught great numbers of deer by driv-
iiig them into the overflowed bottoms and drowning them ; and the
hunters were incHned to believe, from the taste and smell of the
venison they were trying to eat, that the red men were not always
in a hurry about dressing their meat after it had been secured.

The Sioux Indians were allowed to hunt in Lincoln county for
several years after the Black Hawk war, but they had learned
discretion from past experience, and gave the white people but
little trouble.

THE NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKES.

A SKETCH of early days in Missouri would not be complete
without some notice of the terrible earthquakes which occurred
in the southeastern part of the State in 1811 and 1812. They
were the most terrible in character of any shocks that have visited
the North American continent, since its discovery and occupation
by white people. Numerous slight convulsions had occurred in
that region before, and the people were so accustomed to them
that they did not dread them. When they were awakened at the
dead hour of night by the clatter of furniture in their chambers,
and the uncertain heaving of the ground under them, they sank
to rest again, with the drowsy remark, "It is only an earth-
quake!" But when the terrible shocks of 1811-12 came, they
left an impression on the minds of those who felt them, and wit-
nessed the destruction which they wrought, that never could be
effaced. Whole tracts of land were plunged into the bed of the
river. The grave-yard at New Madrid was precipitated into the
bend of the stream. Large lakes of twenty miles in extent, were
made in an hour, while other lakes were drained of their contents

XEW MADRID EARTHQUAKES 117

by the convulsions which altered the entire face of the country.
The whole region, to the mouth of the Ohio in one direction, and
to the St. Francois in the other, including a front of three
hundred miles, was convulsed to such a degree as to create lakes
and islands almost without number. In many places the surface
of the ground was covered with water to the depth of four feet.
Trees were split in the midst and lashed one with another, until
they inclined in every direction and in every angle to the earth
and horizon. The undulations resembled waves, increasing in
elevation as they advanced, and when they had attained a certain
fearful height, the earth would burst, and vast volumes of water,
sand, and coal would be discharged f s high as the tops of trees.
Many persons were attacked by severe sea-sickness. Whole
districts were covered with white sand, so as to be uninhabitable.
Birds lost all power and disposition to fly, and nestled in the
bosoms of men for protection. A bursting of the earth just
below New Madrid, arrested the course of the river and caused a
reflux of its waters, by which many boats were swept out among
the trees and left upon dry land when the waters receded.

The shocks were distinguishable into two classes — those which
had a horizontal motion, and those which moved perpendicularly.
The latter were attended by explosions and terrible noises, but
were not so destructive as the former. The general impulse,
when the shocks commenced, was to run ; but when they reached
the severest point, locomotion became impossible, and people
were thrown upon their faces at every step. A gentleman,
escaping from his house, left nn infant behind, and in attempting
to climb the steps to rescue it, he was thrown to the ground a
dozen times. The chasms in the earth extended from the south-
west to the northeast, and the people observing this, felled the
tallest trees at right angles across them, and stationed themselves
upon their trunks. By this means many were saved, for the
chasms frequently occurred beneath the trees on which they were
seated. Horses, cattle, and other stock, together with the har-
yests, were nearly all destroyed.

After the earthquakes had moderated in violence, the country
presented a most melancholy appearance. Deep chasms were
plowed through the earth, trees were thrown down and twisted
in every imaginable angle and degree, houses were ruined, and
the whole face of the country was covered with the carcasses of
dead animals. For some time after the shocks had ceased, the

118 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

people did not dare to build houses, but they passed that winter
and the succeeding one in booths and lodges of so light a texture
as not to expose tlie inhabitants to danger in case of their being
thrown down. They obtained an abundance of provisions, how-
ever, from the boats which had been wrecked in the vicinity.
Flour, beef, pork, bacon, butter, cheese, apples, and other articles
of food were so plentiful that there was no longer any sale for
them. The face of the country had been so altered by the earth-
quakes that the boundaries of estates were lost, and much diffi-
culty was experienced in locating lines. For the relief of the
suffering people, Congress passed an act, allowing them to locate
the same amount of land they had possessed previous to the con-
vulsions, in any part of the territory where lands were not cov-
ered by prior claims. But most of these claims passed into the
hands of speculators, and were of but little benefit to those for
whom they were intended.

During an interval of the shocks there came a brilliant and
cloudless evening, in which the western sky, undimmed by a
single cloud, was in a continual glare of vivid flashes of light-
ning, from below the horizon. It was afterward remarked that
these singular phenomena occurred at the same time with the
fatal earthquake at Carraccas, in South America, and the people
supposed that the flashes and subterranean thunder were parts of
that terrible event.

SOME OF OUR ANTIQUITIES.

There are abundant evidences to prove that this Western coun-
try, and in fact nearly the entire continent of America, was, at
some remote period of the world's history, thickly populated with
a comparatively'^ enlightened race of people. • The burial mounds
along the rivers and water courses, and on benches overlooking
fertile valleys that were formerly the beds of lakes or rivers, are
filled with human bones and strange relics of an extinct race.
Some of these mounds present evidences of great labor in their
construction, and the same general features which characterize
them show that they were erected by one nation of people, for
one general purpos'e. Specimens of earthenware, silver and cop

SOME OF OUR ANTIQUITIES 119

per ornaments, ancient weapons, skeletons and bodies in a partial
state of preservation have been taken from tliem in large numbers.
Those ancient people were an entirely different race from the In-
dians, and lived at such a remote period that not the slightest tra-
dition in reference to them has ever been found among even the
most intelligent aboriginal tribes. The}^ were small in stature, and
were evidently inclined to the pursuits of peace rather than of
war. They had large cities, and a comparatively dense popula-
tion, by whom the arts and sciences were cultivated, and the earth
made to bring forth its fruits for their subsistence. A large cem-
etery was discovered at an early day on the Meramec river, in
St. Louis county, from which many partially preserved skeletons
were exhumed. They had been buried in stone coffins, and in
some instances the bones were nearly entire. The length of the
bodies was determined by that of the coffins, and they averaged
from three feet and a half to four feet. In Tennessee two bod-
ies were found in a limestone cavern, and neither of them exceed-
ed four feet in height. The teeth were separated by considerable
intervals, and were small, long, white, and sharp. The hair
seemed to have been sandy, or inclined to yellow. Great pains
had been taken to preserve the bodies, and much labor had been
expended in making the funeral robes in which they were folded.
Two splendid blankets, woven with the most beautiful feathers of
the wild turkey, arranged in regular stripes and compartments, en-
circled them. The cloth on which these feathers were woven, was
a kind of linen of neat texture, something like that which is made
from the fibres of the nettle. One of these persons, a female, had
evidently died from the effects of a blow on the skull, as the
marks of the coagulated blood could still t)e traced, where the
blow fell, when the body was exhumed. The skulls and face
bones of all the mound builders are of a peculiar shape, somewhat
resembling the head of a squirrel or fox, and very small ; the face
and chin protruding, the forehead narrow and retreating. There
are evidences to show that this pigmy race of people lived cotem-
poraneously with the mastodon, that immense antediluvian animal
which has been extinct for unnumbered centuries.

The pottery which has been taken from the mounds is unbaked,
the glazing is incomplete, and it presents evidences of having been
moulded by hand. A drinking cup, taken from a mound in St.
Charles county, is thus described by the gentleman who owned it :
" It was smooth, well moulded, and of the color of common grey

120 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

stoneware. It had been rounded with great care, and yet, from
slight indentations on the surface, it was manifest that it had been
wrought in the palm of the hand. It would contain about two
quarts, and had been used to hold animal oil ; for it had soaked
through and varnished the external surface. Its neck was that of
a squaw, known by the clubbing of the hair, after the Indian fash-
ion. There seemed to have been an attempt at wit in the outlet.
It was the horrible and distorted mouth of a savage, and in drink-
ing you would be obliged to place your lips in contact with those
of madam, the squaw."

What became of the mound builders is a question that will prob-
ably never be settled. That they were exterminated by a strong-
er and more warlike race, there is but little doubt; but, then,
who were their destroyers, and what, in turn, became of them?
They were certainly not our modern Indians or their progenitors,
for in that case some tradition of so great a conquest would have
remained among them. When we contemplate this subject the
mind runs far back into the misty realms of imagination, and is
not satisfied. It is an insoluble mystery, which only eternity can
unravel. One who studied the subject long and earnestly, and
assisted his studies by personal observation, says: " Here must
have been a race of men on these charming plains, that had every
call from the scenes that surrounded them, to contented existence
and tranquil meditation. Unfortunate, as men view the thing
they must have been. Innocent and peaceful they probably were ;
for had they been reared amidst wars and quarrels, like the pres-
ent Indians, they would doubtless have maintained their ground,
and their postei'ity would have remained to this day. Beside them
moulder the huge bones of their cotemporary beasts, which must
have been thrice the size of the elephant. * * * The unknown
race to which these bones belonged, had, I doubt not, as many
projects of ambition, and hoped as sanguinely to have their names
survive, as the great of the present day."

PAET III.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

ST. CHARLES COUNTY.

The County, or District of St. Charles, as it was originally call-
ed, had no definite limits. It extended from the Missouri river
on the south, to the British possessions on the north ; and from
the Mississippi river on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west.
It retained these dimensions until 1816, when Howard county was
cut off from the western part of St. Charles, and organized into a
separate municipality. Cedar creek, which now forms the east-
ern boundary of Boone county, was established as the line be-
tween St. Charles and Howard. In December, 1818, Montgom-
ery and Lincoln counties were organized, and St. Charles was re-
duced to its present dimensions.

In 1818 the people of the Territory of Missouri petitioned Con-
gress for authority to form a State government, and a bill was ac-
cordingly introduced during the session of 1818-19; but it con-
tained a clause prohibiting slavery, and, though it passed the
House, it was rejected by the Senate. At the ensuing ses-
sion the bill was again brought up, and a lengthy and exciting de-
bate took place, lasting several weeks. A compromise was finally
effected, by which it was agreed that slavery should be tolerated
in Missouri, but in no other part of Louisiana, as ceded by France
to the L'nited States, north of 36 degrees 30 minutes north lati-
tude. Under this bill a Convention was called for the purpose of

122 PIONEER FAMILIES 'OF MISSOURI

framing a State Constitution. Tlie Convention met in St. Louis
in June, 1820, and formed a constitution whicii was laid before
Congress early in the session of 1820-21. It was accepted, and
the State formally admitted into the Union.

During the following summer an election was held for members
of the Legislature and other State officers, and in the winter of
1821-22 the first Legislature of the State of Missouri met in St.
Charles. Its sessions were held in a room in the second story of
a house on Main street, still standing, the lower room of which
is now occupied by Mr. Fred Heye as a tin shop.

The Constitution had made liberal provisions for remunerating
the Governor and Supreme and Circuit Judges, but one of the
first acts of the Legislature was to reduce the salaries of these
officers to a very low figure, in conformity with the stringency of
the times. The Governor was allowed $1,500, the Supreme
Judges $1,100, and the Circuit Judges $1,000. It was expected
by many persons that this reduction of salaries would prevent men
of ability from seeking those positions, but at the next election
there was as great a scramble for office as there had been at the
preceding one, under the large salaries fixed by the Constitution.
Those salaries seem small and mean to us now, and would hardly
be sufficient to support the family of an ordinary mechanic ; but
they were sufficient for those primitive times, when a famil}- could
live in considerable style on five or six hundred dollars a year.
They had "hard money" and "hard times" then; and if the hard
money advocates of our own day succeed in driving the country
into the adoption of their suicidal policy, we may have to go back
again to the condition of our ancestors. "Hard money," low
prices, and "hard times" are inseparable.

Most of the members of the first Legislature, as well as the
Governor and other high dignitaries, rode to St. Charles on horse-
back, and their horses were kept during the session by Mr. Archi-
bald Watson, a farmer, Avho lived a few miles below St. Charles,
on "the point." The members boarded at private houses, and at
the few hotels that were in the town at the time, at the rate of
$2.50 per week. The remuneration proved to be insufficient, and
those who kept boarding houses generally lost money. Uriah J. De-
vore, who boarded a number of the members, lost everything he
had. Pork was worth 1^ cents per pound ; venison hams 25 cents
€ach ; eggs 5 cents per dozen ; honey 5 cents a gallon, and coff'ee
$1 per pound. Sugar was not in the market, and those who

ST. CHARLKS COUKTY 123

drank coffee sweetened it with honey. Some of the members
were rough characters, and they all dressed in primitive style,
either in homespun and home-made clothes, or in buckskin leggins
and hunting shirts. Some wore rough shoes of their own manu-
facture, wliile others encased tlieir feet in buckskin moccasins.
Some had slouched hats, but the greater portion wore caps made
of the skins of wild cats or raccoons. Governor McNair was the
only man who had a fine cloth coat, and that was cut in the old
"pigeon-tail" style. He also wore a beaver hat, and endeavored
to carry himself with the dignity becoming a man in his position.

While St. Charles was the temporary seat of government, a
newspaper was published there called The MissoKvian, l)y Robert
McCloud, a practical printer, and step-son of Joseph Charless,
Sr., one of the founders of the Missouri Republican. This was
succeeded by the Clarion, which was established by Nathaniel Pat-
ten, of Howard county, and published by him until his death,
which occurred in 1837. After his death the piper was continued
by his widow, under the cditori:d management of Hon. Wm. M.
Campbell. (Mrs. Patten subsequently married Wilson B. Over-
all.) The paper then passed successively to Messrs. Julian &
Carr, as the Clarion, in 1839; to Berlin & Knapp, as the Free
Press, in 1840 ; to Overall, Julian & Carr, as the Advertiser, in
1842 ; to Douglass & Millington, as the Western Star, in 1846 ; to
Orear & Kibler, as the Chronotype, in 1849 ; to Orear «fe McDear-
mon, in 1852 ; to N. C. Orear, in 1853 ; to King & Emmons, as
the Reveille, in 1854 ; to Hinman & Branham, in 1856 ; to Hin-
man in 1858 ; to Edwards & Stewart, in 1865 ; to Em-
mons «fe Orrick, as the Cosmos and Sentinel, in 1867 ; and
to W. W. Davenport, as the Cosmos, in 1868. This paper,
therefore, running back through several suspensions, and
numerous changes of name and proprietors, is, perhaps, the oldest
paper in the State, except the Missouri Republican.

The first church in St. Charles was organized by the Catholics,
at a date so early that there is no record of it. The first church
i-ecord that has come down to the present day, was made in 1792
by Rev. Peter J. Didier. It recorded the birth of Peter Beland,
who was born in St. Charles on the 7th of June, 1792. Since that
time the Catholics have preserved a regular church organization
in St. Charles, and have, doubtless, possessed a larger member-
ship than any other church in the place. The next church estab-
lished there was the Presbyterian, which was founded August 30,

124 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

1818, by Rev. Salmon Giddings, assisted by Rev. John Matthews.
The following persona were enrolled as members at that time :
John Braskin, Theophilus McPheeters, Thomas Lindsay and wife,
James Lindsay and wife, Ebenezer Ayers and wife, and Elizabeth
Emmons, mother of Hon. Benj. Emmons, Sr. Thomas Lindsay
and Archibald Watson were chosen elders, and Rev. Chas. S. Rob
inson was elected pastor. The third church organization in St
Charles was effected by the Methodists, probably not many years
after the advent of the Colliers, who came in 1815 ; but they had
no house to worship in until 1830, when they were supplied with
one by the liberality of Mrs. Collier. These were the first regu-
lar church organizations in the place, but ministers of nearly all
other denominations held services there and in the surrounding
counti'y on various occasions. The other church organizations of
St. Charles are of a comparatively modern date. Rev. James
Crittenden, of Kentucky, was a very popular Baptist preacher in
those early times, and many children born then were named for
him.

Among the old institutions of St. Charles, Lindenwood Female
College is one of the most prominent. It was founded by Major
George C. Sibley, in 1828, who erected a house upon his own
grounds, and dedicated it to the cause of education. Since then
a school has been sustained there almost without intermission,
and about twenty-four years ago the institution was incorporated
by the Legislature. The original building was improved and en-
larged from time to time, but eventually became entirely inade-
quate for the purpose for which it was intended, and a large,
handsome, and well arranged building was erected in its stead.
The modern building occupies a commanding position, and a
splendid view of the surrounding country can be obtained from
its observatory. A boarding house and chapel are situated oa
the grounds adjacent to the college, and the institution is at pres-
ent in a prosperous condition. Major and Mrs. Sibley donated
one hundred and twenty acres of valuable land to Lindenwood
College, most of which, has been sold for the benefit of the insti-
tution ; but one lot of twenty acres, upon which the buildings are
situated, is forever inalienable. It has been tastefully improved,
and presents a beautiful appearance.

St. Charles College, another of the old institutions of this
place, is noticed in connection with the history of its founders.

On the hill near the clerks' offices in St. Charles, overlooking

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 125

the town and river, there once stood an old, quaint looking,
round stone building, which was known as the " Round Tower."
No one ever visited St. Charles without observing it, and wonder-
ing what it was intended for. It was about thirty feet in diame-
ter, and three stories high, and its commanding position and
singular appearance never failed to bring it into notice. There
were port-holes for rifles at regular intervals around the walls, and
persons of a romantic turn of mind were disposed to believe that
it was an old Spanish or French fort, erected by the first exploi-ers
of the country, for protection against the Indians; but the most
authentic account of the building says that it was erected by one
Francis Duquette, for a wind-mill, not many 3^ears after the
founding of St. Charles. There is a tradition.^ however, to the
effect that it was an old dismantled fort when Duquette came to
St. Charles, and that he merely repaired it and used it for a mill.
We cannot say which is correct, but are inclined to believe that
the tradition had some foundation in truth. The building was
never used for military purposes after Duquette came into pos-
session of it, though at one time an Indian was confined in it for
some misdemeanor ; but he made his escape by climbing out over
the top of the wall. The fort erected for protection during the
Indian war, was situated under the hill, near where the court
house stands. Waiving the doubtful origin of the round tower,
it was beyond dispute the oldest building in St. Charles, and
ought to have been preserved as a relic of early days. But
it was torn down some ten or twelve years ago to make room for
a brickyard, and the older citizens of the place are the only ones
who remember where it stood.

The following French families were living in St. Charles in
1818, and out of the entire list only one of the original stock is
left. We refer to Mr. Louis Gerneau, who gave us the names, as
follows: Louis Gerneau, Antoine Janis, Gabriel Lattraille, Bazile
Bruziere, Michael Belland, John Baptiste Deau, Joseph Pereau,
Louis Cardinal, John Martineau, Joseph, Louis, and Charles
Tayon, Gregoire Kiercercau, Mr. Souliere, John Aubuchon, Jac-
<iues and Peter Dubois, Joseph Reynal, John B. Proulx, Mackey
Wherr}', Francis and Baptiste Dorlaque, Joseph Baptiste, Aleck
Cote, John and Baptiste Lucier, Peter Beauchemin, Joel and
Toussaint Rocque, and Peter Pallardie.

Tiie following is a list of the first Justices of the Peace ap-
pointed in St. Charles county after Missouri was admitted into

126 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

the Union as a State in 1820. Township of Portage des Sioivx — -
James Perras, Francis Lessieur, Daniel Griffith, Joseph Sumner,
Ebenezer Ayres. Femrae Osage Township — William Hays, Isaac
Fulkerson, John B. Callaway. Upper Cuivre Township —Roger
Taylor, Felix Scott, Thomas Gilmore. Lower Cuivre Township
— James Audrain, Francis Allen, James Thomas. St. Charles
Township — Daniel Colgan, Sr., James Green, John Slayter,
Philip A. Sublette, Charles Phillips, RulufT Peck, Joseph W.
Gar raty, Benjamin Walker. Dardenne Township — Biel Farns-
worth, John B. Stone, John Naylor, Thomas. D. Stephenson.

FAMILIES OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.

Allen. — William Allen, of Henry county, Virginia, was mar-
ried twice. The name of his second wife was Ann Smith, by
whom he had Susan, Robert, Josepii, Pines and Frances. Susan
married William Wells, who was Probate Judge of Henry county,
Virginia. Robert was a talented man, and a fine orator, and rep-
resented his native county in the State Legislature for man}'
years. He married Celia Mullens, and their son, WilliamL ., was
State Senator in Mississippi for a number of years. Josepli S.,
the second son of Robert Allen, was a distinguished Methodist
minister. He settled in St. Charles county 4n 1828. He was
married twice, and by his first wife he had one son, named Will-
iam. The name of his second wife was Ra( hel May, and the}''
had William M., Robert L., Elizabeth M., John P., Joseph J.,
Susan A., and Rachel. William M. married Mary M. Shelton, and
they had six children. Mr. Allen represented his county in the
House of Representatives four years, and four years in the State
Senate. He was a prominent and influential citizen, and now re-
sides in Wentzville, Missouri. Robert L. was married first to Anna
Pendleton, by whom he had five children. After her death he
married Louisa B. Harnett, and they had three children. Mr.
Allen was County Judge of Warren county for some time, and
represented that county in the Legislature two years. Elizabeth
M. was maiTied first to Henry Simpson, and after his death she
married J. D. May. She had three children. John P., who was
a physician, married his cousin, Martha L. Allen, and they had
one child. Joseph I. came to Missouri in 1850, and died soon
after. Susan A. died unmarried — Pines, son of William Allen,
was married first to Charlotte Bailey, of Tennessee, and settled
in St. Charles county in 1829. Their children were — Robert B.,
Mary J., Joseph J., John B., Charles C, and Martha L. Mi\
Allen was married the second time to Nancy Hughes, of Virginia,
and they had Lucy A., Susan M., Pines H., William M., Smith B.,
and Columbus S. Robert B. married Louisa Chambers, and they
had ten children. He was a prominent Methodist, and an .influ-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 127

ential citizen. Mary J. married Marshall Bird, who settled in
Missouri in 1833. They had seven children. Joseph J., married
Sarah McClenny, and they had three children. John B. was msir-
ried first to Elizabeth Lacy, by wliom he had four children. He
was married the second time to Lucy Harnett, and they had five
children. Mr. Allen is an attorney, and lives near Flint Hill. He
was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. Charles C. married Fanny
Pendleton, and they had but two children. Martha L. was mar-
ried first to John Taylor, and they had one child. She was
married the second time to Thomas H. Lacy. They had no
children.

Abington. — John Abington, of Scotland, came to America and
settled in Montgomery county, Maryland, sometime before the
revolution. His wife was Mary Watson. She died, leaving him
a widower, after which he moved to Henry county, Va. The
names of his children were, Bowles, Lucy, John, Elizabeth, and
Henry. Bowles, at the age of 18 years, joined the American ar-
my and served during the revolutionary war. He married Sarah
Taylor, daughter of William Taylor and Sarah Scruggs, of Vir-
ginia, and they had seven children — William N., John T., Susan-
nah, Taylor, Bowles, Henry, and Lucy. William N. was a Meth-
odist preacher, and died in North Carolina. John T. married Re-
becca Taylor, and settled in Tennessee. Susannah married
Thomas Travis, and settled in St. Charles county, Mo., in 1830.
Taylor married Amanda Penn. Bowles married Mary Baldridge,
and died ten days after. Hon. Henry Abington, the only one of
the family now living, married Maria Smith, and settled in the
western part of St. Charles county, where he now resides. He is
an influential, public-spirited citizen ; has served three terms in
the Legislature of his State, and has held the position of Justice
of the Peace for many years.

Ayers. — Ebenezer Ayers came from one of the Eastern States,
and settled on what is known as "the point," in St. Charles coun-
ty, at a very early date. He built the first horse-mill in that re-
gion of country. He was also a large fruit-grower ; and made a
great deal of butter and cheese. He lived in a large red hoiise,
in which the first Protestant sermon in "the point" was preached.
In 1804 he and James Flaugherty and John Woods were appoint-
ed Justices of the Peace for St. Charles district, being the first
under the American government. Mr. Ayers had four children,
one son and three daughters. Two of the latter died before they
were grown. The son, Ebenezer Davenport Ayers, married Louisi-
ana Overall, and settled where Davenport, Iowa, now stands, the
town being named for him. His surviving sister, Hester Ayers,
mari'ied Anthony C. Palmer, who was a ranger in the company
commanded by Captain James Callaway. Mr. Palmer was after-
ward elected sheriff of the county, and served one term. He had

128 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

a good education, was an excellent scribe, and taught school a
number of years.

Audrain. — Peter Audrain was a native of France, but came to
America at an early date, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he
married Margaret Moore. He subsequently moved to Detroit,
Michigan, where he became an influential citizen, and was Mar-
shal of the Territory at the time of his death. He had seven
children, three of whom, James H., Peter G., and Margaret,
settled in Missouri. James H. was born in Pennsylvania, De-
cember 29, 1782, and was married to Mary E. Wells, of Louisville,
Ky., December, 23, 1806. He settled at Fort Wayne, Ind., and
engaged in merchandising. During the war of 1812 he was com-
missioned Captain of volunteers, and saw some hard service. He
was afterward appointed Colonel of militia. In 1816 he moved
his family to Missouri, in a flat-boat, and after remaining a short
time at St. Louis, he settled on Peruque creek, in St. Charles
county, where he soon after built a mill and a distillery. The
mill was run by a tread-wheel, on which he worked young bulls,
and he often had as many as twenty of these animals at one time.
This led a loquacious citizen of the community to, give it the
name of "Bull's Hell Mill," by which it became generally known.
In 1830 Col. Audrain was elected a member of the Legislature,
and died November 10, 1831, at the house of Gov. Clark, in St.
Louis. His remains were conveyed to his home in a hearse,
which was the first hearse ever seen in St. Charles county. When
Audrain county was organized in 1836, it was named in honor of
Colonel Audrain. Mrs. Audrain died about three years after the
death of her husband. Their children were, Samuel W., Peter
G., James H., Margaret, Benjamin O., Ann A., Francis B.,
Thomas B., and Mary F. The latter was born on the flat-boat,
in 1816, while they were ascending the Mississippi river. Col.
Audrain and his wife were baptised in Peruque creek, below his
mill. The Colonel was a very stout man, and won a wager of $10
in St. Charles, one day, by carrying eight bushels of wheat, at
one time, up three flights of stairs.

BiGELOW. — Moses Bigelow, the son of Zachariah Bigelow, of
Pittsburg, Pa., came to St. Charles county. Mo., in 1821. He
married Parthana, eldest daughter of Jonathan Bryan, who was a
widow at the time, having previously married her cousin, Joseph
Bryan. Mr. Bigelow had $1,000 in cash when came to Missouri,
and by keeping that sum constantly at interest it made him a
comfortable fortune before his death, which occurred in 1857.
Several years before his death his wife, while on a visit to a mar-
ried daughter, was thrown from her horse while returning from
church, and one of her limbs was so badly fractured that it had to
be amputated. She, however, outlived her husband, and died in
1873, of cancer. They had six children — James, Rufus, Rutia,

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 129

Abner, Agnes, and Phoebe. James was married three times ;
first to Mary E. Hopkins, second, to her sister, Amanda Hopkins,
and third, to Angeline Callaway. Rufus married Henrietta Ev-
ersman. Rutia married Charles E. Ferney. Abner married
Hulda Logan. Agnes died single. Phoebe married Fortunatus
Castlio.

Biggs. — Randall Biggs settled in St. Charles county in 1799.
He married Susan Perkett. They were both of German descent.
Their children were — William, Malinda, Lucretia, Elvira, Mary,
and Silas P.

Bowles. — John Bowles and his wife emigrated from England
and settled in St. Mary's county, Maryland. They had seven
children — William, John Baptist, Joseph, Jane, Susan, Henriet-
ta, and Mary. In 1789 John Baptist, Joseph, James, and Mary,
moved to Kentucky and settled in Scott county. Joseph married
Alice Raley, and lived and died in Washington county, Ky.
Jane married Ignatius Greenwell, and their son Robert married
Maria Twyman, and settled in St. Charles county. Mo. Mary
married William Roberts, and their daughter Elizabeth married
John Burkman, who settled in Montgomery county, Mo. John
Baptist married Henrietta Wheatley, anU they had eight chil-
dren— Walter, James, Leo, Clara, Elizabeth, Catharine, Matil-
da, and Celicia. Walter married Rosa McAtee, and settled in
St. Charles county, Mo., in 1828. He was a soldier in the war of
1812, and is still living (1875), in his 87th year. James married
Susan Luckett, and settled in St. Charles county in 1835. They
had six children. Leo married Teresa McAtee, and settled in
St. Charles County in 1831. They had seven childi'en. Clara
married Dennis Onan, and they lived in Kentucky. Catharine
married Stephen T. McAtee, who settled in St. Charles county in
1834. They had eight children. Mr. McAtee and his youngest
son, George, died the same day, and were buried in the same
grave. Matilda married Walter Barnes, and they lived in Ken-
tucky. Celicia married James W. Drury, who settled in St.
Charles county in 1835. They had thirteen children.

Boyd. Boyd came from the northern part of Ireland,

and settled in Virginia at a very early date. In 1772 he was
killed by the Indians, and left a widow and three children — Will-
iam, Margaret, and John. William was appointed Indian agent
for the State of Mississippi, where he lived and died. Margaret

married Garvin, and they settled in Pennsylvania, where

they raised a large family of children. Three of their sons, Alex-
ander, John, and Benjamin, settled in Si. Charles county in 1822.
Alexander married Anna Mattison, and their children were —
Margaret, Anna, Permelia, Jane, Alexander, and Fannie. John
Boyd was quite young when his father was killed, and he was
9

130 PlONEEIi FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

raised by a Mr. Gordon of Virginia. During the revolutionary
war he served as a ranger and scout in the American army. He
was married in 1800 to Elizabeth Davis, of Virginia, and they
had nine children — Gordon D., Gary A., William A., Margaret
E., James H., Mary S., John N., Amasa P., and Maria. Gordon
D. was a physician, and moved to Mississippi. He died of chol-
era, in New Orleans, in 1832, while on his way to Texas. Gary
A. married Elizabeth Bailey, and settled in Pike county, Mo.
William A. settled in St. Charles county in 1837. He married
Elizabeth Poague, of Kentucky, and she died, leaving eight chil-
dren. Her father was a Justice of tlie Peace in St. Charles coun-
ty for ten years, Margaret E. married Major James G. Bailey,
a soldier of the war of 1812, and they settled in St. Charles county
in 1830. She died, leaving four children. James H. lived in
Jackson, Miss., where he engaged in the mercantile business, and
was elected Mayor of the town. Mary S. married Edmond P.
Mathews, of Kentucky, and they settled in St. Charles county,
Mo., in 1836. She had five children, and is still living in Pike
county. Mo. John N. settled in St. Charles county in 1839. He
married Mahaley Hughes, and they both died, leaving two chil-
dren. Amasa P. died in Mississippi. Maria died while a child.

Bates. — ^Thomas F. Bates was an early settler of Goochland
county, Va. He was a Quaker, but when the war of the revolu-
tion commenced he buried his religion in patriotism and became
a soldier. He married Caroline M. Woodson, and they had
twelve children — Charles, Matilda, Tarleton, Fleming, Nancy,
Richard, James W., Sarah, Margaret, Susan, Frederick, and Ed-
ward. Charles lived and died in Virginia, where he became em-
inent in the profession of law. Matilda married Captain Gett,
and died, leaving a daughter (Caroline M.) who was adopted by
her uncle, Edward Bates, and died in St. Louis. Tarleton was
killed in a duel at Pittsburg, Pa. Fleming lived in Northumber-
land county, Va., of which he was county clerks He left several
children at his death, Nancy married Thomas H. Walton, who
was killed by lightning. He left one son, Robert A., who came
to Missouri and married a daughter of Hon. Frederick Bates.
Richard studied law, but died young. He was an intimate friend
of Gen. Winfield Scott, and had the promise of becoming a dis-
tinguished man. James W. lived and died in Arkansas. He
was a delegate to Congress from that Territory before its admis-
sion a^ a State. Sarah never married, but came with her mother
to Missouri in 1818. Mrs. Bates died in 1845, aged ninety years.
Margaret was married twice — first to John Speers, and second to
Dr. Orton Wharton, both of Virginia. She was left a widow the
second time, and came to St. Charles county, Mo,, in 1838.
Susan died while a young lady, in Virginia. Frederick Bates
was well educated and became a distinguished man. President

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 131

Jefferson appointed him Secretary of the Territory of Michigan,
and about the commencement of the Aaron Burr conspiracy, he
was transferred to Upper Louisiana, as Secretary of that Territo-
ry. He afterward became Governor of the Territory of Missouri,
and was the second Governor of the State after its admission.
He married Nancy Ball, a dauglitcr of Colonel John S. Ball, who
v^^as a soldier of the war of 1812. Mr. Bates died in 1825, leav-
ing four children — Emily C, Lucas Lee, Woodviite, and Freder-
ick, Jr. During the latter part of his life he resided in Lincoln
county. His daughter, p]mily C, married Robert Walton, and
is now living in St. Charles, a widow. Lucas Lee married a
daughter of Samuel Conway, and lives in St. Louis county.
Woodville died in his youth. Frederick, Jr., married Lavinia
Merideth, and died, leaving one child. His widow married Sam-
uel Conway, who also died, and she then married a Mr. Kerney.
Hon. Frederick Bates was Governor of the Territory of Upper
Louisiana from May, 1807, to October, 1807; from Septem-
ber, 1809, to September, 1810; from November 29, 1812, to
December 7, 1812 ; and he was Governor of the Territory of Mis-
souri from December 12, 1812, to July, 1813. He was elected
second Governor of the State of Missouri in 1824, and died in

1825, before the expiration of his term. Edward Bates, brother
of Frederick Bates, served as a private soldier in the war of 1812,
having enlisted before he was of age ; but he was promoted to
sergeant before the expiration of his term. He settled in St.
Charles county' in 1814, and on the 29th of May, 1823, he was
married to Julia D. Coalter, daughter of Hon. David Coalter.
They had seventeen children. Mr. Bates was a man of a superior
order of talents, and held many positions of trust and influence
during his life. He studied law under Hon, Rufus Easton, and
became eminent in his profession. He was distinguislied for a
faithful and conscientious discharge of every dutj' entrusted to
him, whether great or small, and he possessed the confidence of
all classes of his fellow-citizens in the very highest degree. He
represented St. Louis as a delegate in the first Constitutional
Convention of Missouri ; served in the Legislature and State Sen-
ate for a number of years, and was a member of Congress in

1826. At the commencement of President Lincoln's administra-
tion he was honored with a seat in the cabinet as Attorney-Gen-
eral. He died in 1870, in his 76th year. His widow is still living,
in her 78th year.

Baugh. — The Baughs were doubtless of German descent ; but
there is no authentic record of the origin of the family, beyond
the fact that three brothers of that name settled near Jamestown,
Va., at an early date. Abrara, a son of one of these brothers,
married Judith Colraan, of Powhatan county, and by her he had —
Joseph, Thomas M., P^dsa, William, Alexander, Abram, Jesse,

132 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Mary, Judith, and Rhoda. Joseph married Nancj' Gentry, and
settled in Madison county, Ky., in 1781 ; and in 1816 he removed
to St. Charles county. Mo. He served five years in the revolu-
tionary war. His children were — William, Benjamin, Judith, Al-
sey, Nancy, ^lary, Patsey, and Lucinda. WilUam married Susan
Carter, of Kentucky, and settled in St. Charles county, Mo., but re-
moved from there to Montgomery county in 1832. His first wife
died, and he was married the second time to Mrs. Nancy V. Has-
lip, whose maiden name was Chambers.

Bryan. — William Bryan, a native of Wales, came to America
■with Lord Baltimore, about the year 1650, and settled in Mary-
land. His wife was of Irish descent, and they had three children
— William, Morgan, and Daniel. Of the succeeding two or
three generations of this family nothing is definitely known, but
early in the eighteenth century, William Bryan, a descendant of
the original stock, settled in Roan county, North Carolina. He
married Sally Bringer, who was of German descent, and they
had eleven children — William, Morgan, John, Sally, Daniel,
Henry, Rebecca (who became the wife of Daniel Boone), Susan,
George, James, and Joseph. During the revolutionary war six
of the sons served in the American army, and one (probably
Joseph) cast his lot with the Tories. He was promoted to the
position of Colonel, and served with Tarleton during his campaign
in the CaroUnas. On one occasion his regiment of Tories, being
in the advance, was atttacked by the patriots and forced to re-
treat. As they were falling back in great confusion, they met
Tarleton, who had heard the firing, and, accompanied by only a
few of his staflF oflflcers, was riding leisurely toward the scene of
conflict, blowing his bugle as he came. The patriots, hearing the
sound of the bugle, and supposing that the entire British army
was advancing upon them, gave up the pursuit and retired.
When Bryan met Tarleton, he demanded, in an angry tone, why
he had come alone, instead of marching his army to his assist-
ance. Tarleton replied that he wanted to "see how the d — d
Tories would fight." This so enraged the Tory leader that he
came near resigning his commission and retiring from the service,
and would probably have done so if he could have returned home
in safety. Two of the brothers who were in the American army
(James and Morgan) were at the bloody battle of King's Moun-
tain, and from the best information that we can obtain, their
Tory brother fought against them in the same battle. The war
feehng ran so high that they would have shot him if he had come
within range of their rifles. Three of the brothers (James,
William, and Daniel) followed Daniel Boone to Kentucky, and
built Bryan's Station, near Lexington. Shortly after their
arrival, William and two other men left the fort and went some
distance into the woods, for the purpose of obtaining a supply of

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 133

game for the garrison. During their absence they were attacked
by the Indians; Bryan's companions were both killed and
scalped, and he was shot through the knee with a rifle ball. But
notwithstanding his severe and painful wound, he rode to the
fort, a distance of thirty miles, through the thick woods and
brush, and gave the alarm in time to save the place from falling
into the, hands of the Indians. They soon began to suffer greatly
for provisions, being so closely watched by the Indians, that
hunting parties did not dare to venture out, and they were
reduced to the necessity of boiling and eating buffalo hides in
order to avert starvation. — James Bryan was a widower, with six
children, at the time of the removal to Kentucky, and it was his
branch of the family that afterward came to Missouri, the
descendants of the other two brothers remaining in Kentucky.
The names of his children were — David, Susan, Jonathan, Polly,
Henry, and Rebecca. David married Mary Poor, and came to
Missouri in 1800. He settled near the present town of Marthas-
ville, in Warren county. His children were — James, Morgan,
Elizabeth, Mary, Willis, John, Susan, Drizella, Samuel, and Will-
iam K. Mr. Bryan reserved half an acre of ground near his
house for a grave yard, and it was there that Daniel BoOne
and his wife wei*e buried. He also had a large orchard, which he
grew from apple seed that he carried from Kentucky in his vest
pocket. — Susan Bryan married Israel Grant, of Kentucky.
They had three children, James, William, and Israel B. — Jona-
than married Mary Coshow, a widow with one son, William.
(Her maiden name was Mary Hughes.) In 1800 he moved his
family to Missouri in a keel-boat, and landed at the mouth
of Femme Osage creek, on Christmas day of that year.
He settled first in Lincoln county, near the present town
of Cap-au-Gris, but there they were greatly exposed to attacks
from the Indians, and the location proving to be a sickly one, he
moved and settled on Femme Osage creek, near Nathan Boone's
place, where he lived during the remainder of his life. In 1801
he built the first water-mill west of the Mississippi river. The
stones were carried from Kentucky on horseback, a spring branch
supplied the water power, and an old musket barrel formed the
sluice or water race. The children of Jonathan Bryan were —
Parthena, Phcebe, Nancy, Elijah, Abner, Mary, Alsey', James,
Delila, and Lavinia. — Henry Bryan married Elizabeth Sparks,
and settled in St. Charles county in 1808. They had eight chil-
dren— Susan, Joseph, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Cynthia, Johannah,
John W,, and Polly. Rebecca (daughter of James Bryan) mar-
ried Hugh Logan, of Kentucky, and they had five children —
William, Alexander, Hugh, Henry, and Mary. Mr. Logan died,
and she was married the second time to James Smith, of Ken-
tucky. They had two children, when he also died ; and in 1810

134 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Jonathan and Henry Bryan moved their sister and her family to
Missouri. She settled on South Bear creek, in Montgomery
count}', and died twenty years later. Her two children by Smith
were named Susan and James. Susan married a man named
King, and James married Susan Ellis.

Baldridge. — Robert Baldrige was a native of Ireland,' but
emigrated to America and settled in Kentucky, where he 'married
Hannah Fruit. He subsequently moved to Missouri, and was
one of the first settlers of St. Charles county. He obtained the
Spanish grant of land on which Pond Fort was built. His
children were — Daniel, James, Malachi, John, Robert, jr.,
Alexander, Elizabeth, Mary, Grace, and Nancy. Malachi and
two companions. Price and Lewis, were killed by the Indians
while hunting on Loutre Prairie. Shortly after, Daniel, in order
have revenge for his brother's death, tracked a party of Indians
to their camp at night, and shot their chief as he sat by the camp-
fire. He then concealed himself in the tall grass, and watched
the Indians searching for him ; but they failed to find him. James
and John were successful business men, and always liad money
to loan. A man named Hutchings once borrowed $300 in silver
quarters from John, and carried the money home in a calico bag.
Finding that he would not need it, he returned the money at the
end of three months, and offered to pay interest. But
Baldridge said he could not think of accepting interest from a
man who had kept his money safe for him that length of time ;
"because," said he, "if Iliad kept it, some rascal would have
stolen it." When James died he had several boxes filled with
gold and silver money. Robert, jr., planted a cherry tj'ee, and
when it grew large enough, he had it manufactured into
lumber, from which he had his coffin made, and when he died he
was buried in it. Robert and John were rangers in Callaway's
company during the Indian war. After the close of the war John
moved to the Gasconade country, and built a large saw mill in
the pineries ; but it did not prove to be a paying investment, and
subsequently passed into the hands of other parties. Elizabeth
Baldridge married John Scott, and their son, Hiram, was killed
at Callaway's defeat. He was a man of great daring, and Calla-
way placed much confidence in him. Daniel married Kate Huff-
mam James married Margaret Zumwalt. Robert, jr., married
Peggy Ryebolt. Grace married John Howell, and Nancy mar-
ried Fi'ederick Price.

BuRDiNE. — General Amos Burdine, as he was called^ was a
native of Kentucky, where he married Jennie Davidson, and came
to Missouri in 1811. He settled in Dog Prairie, St. Charles coun-
ty, and built his cabin on the James Mackey claim. Soon after
he came to Missouri, the earthquakes at New Madrid occurred,
and the shaking of the earth caused the boards that composed the

ST. CHARLES COUNTY

135

roof of his cabin to rattle so that he imagined there were Indians
up there trying to get in. So, arousing his sons (for it was at
night), they secured their guns and began to fire through the
roof, which they so completely riddled with bullets that it would
not turn the rain any more. He was a believer in witches, as
were many of the early settlers, and used to brand his cattle in
the forehead with a hot shoe hammer, to keep the witches from
killing them. He had a flock of geese, and several of the birds
died of some disease peculiar to the goose family. The General
imagined that the witches had been at work ; so he built a large
log fire and commenced burning the dead 'birds one by one.
When the third bird was thrown on the fire it gave signs of life,
and the General always declared, that all the others came to
life and flew around the flre and drove the witches away. On
another occasion he imagined that he had been shot in the hip
with a hair ball, and called on a physician to have it extracted.
But of course no such ball could be found. Burdine was a
great hunter, and killed more deer than any other half-dozen
men in the vicinity. He used the skins of the animals that
he killed for beds and bed clothing, which was a common thing
among the people of that day. He had a habit of naming the
trees in the woods where he killed deer, and his sons knew the
woods so well, and the names of the different trees, that when he
sent them to bring the game in, they never had any trouble in
finding it. His little pony, Ned, was so well trained that he knew

when to run, walk, or stand
still by the simple motion of
the bridle, and, being as
fond of hunting as his mas-
ter, lie never failed to obe}'
commands. The General
could mimic the cry of any
animal or bird, and often
imitated wolves or panthers
for the purpose of scaring
deer out of the brush, so he
could shoot them. A partj'
of hunters heard him one
day screaming like a pan-
ther, and imagining thej'
were in close proximity to
one of those ferocious ani-
mals, they put spurs to
their horses and rode away
for their lives. He gave
names to nearly all of the
bukdine's attempt to wkiou his wife, streams in his vicinity, and

136 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Chain-of-Rocks, on Cuivre, owes its appropriate title to him^
Burdine was a man of mediupi size, but his wife was very large
and heavj'. One day he undertook to weigh her with a pair of
old-fashioned steelyards. They were fastened to the rafters of
the porch in front of his house, with a grape vine, and he tied
another grape vine to the hook on the under side of the steelyard
for his wife to sit in. Mounting on a barrel, so as to be high
enough to handle the beam, he signified to his wife that he was
ready, and she took her seat. But immediately the beam as-
cended to the roof, carrying the General with it ; and he hung
suspended in the air until some members of the family came tO'
his assistance and helped him down.

Hon. Wm. M. Campbell, of St. Charles, began to write a his-
tory of the General's life, but died before the book was com-
pleted. It would no doubt have afforded a i*ich mine of humor
and adventures. Some amusing anecdotes of this original char-
acter will be found under the head of ''Anecdotes and Adven-
tures" in this book. The General's wife died of cholera in 1832.
Some years afterward -suit was commenced against him for the land
on which he lived, the title being vested in another party.
He lost the suit and his home, and becoming dissatisfied with the
new order of things in Missouri, he moved his large family to
Arkansas, where they were not crowded with neighbors.

Boyd. — John Boyd, of Ireland, came to America before the
revolution. He had two sons, John and William. The latter was
a gunsmith, and in the war of 1812 he was commissioned Captain
of volunteers. In his company were six of his apprentices, all of
whom were killed in the same battle. Capt. Bo3'd married Ruth
Carr, of Pennsylvania, and settled in Spencer county, Kentucky,
in 1792. In 1829 he came to Missouri, and, selecting a location
in St. Charles county, for his future residence, he returned to
Kentucky, but died before he had completed his arrangements
for moving. His widow and children came to St. Charles county
in 1830. The names of the children were — Elizabeth, John,
Elijah, Hiram, Jane, James, Emeline, William, Ruth, Alexander
T., and Thomas C. John married a Miss Clemens. Elijah
married Fannie Thomas. Jane was married in Kentucky, to
Joseph Brown. Emeline married James Cochran. Aleck T.
married Medora McRoberts. Thomas C. married Ruth Allen.
Ruth married Wade Munday. William went to California, and
died there. James never married, and died in St. Charles
county. Hiram married Rebecca Datson, of Lincoln county.
Elizabeth married Alex. W. Thomas, jind settled in Kentucky.

Ball. — James Ball and his wife, Nancy Smith, were natives of
Fauquier county, Va. The names of their children were — Mar-
garet, Judith, Sheltile, Taliaferro, Lucy, Elizabeth, James, John,,
and Casay. John, Sheltile, James, and Nancy all settled in Mis-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 137

souri. John married Elizabeth Ellis, of Virginia, and settled in
St. Charles county in 1834. He is dead, but his wife survives.
Nancy married William Ellis, and settled in St. Charles county in
1835. James married Peggy Smith, and settled in St. Louis
county in 1835. Sheltile married Polly Elliott, of Virginia, and
settled in St. Louis county, Mo., in 1834. He died some time
afterward, and his widow and children moved to St. Charles
county. The names of the children were — John, Bernadotte,
Benjamin, Sheltile, Jr., and Bushrod. The rest of the Boyd chil-
dren, with the exception of James, who died of yellow fever in
New Orleans, lived and died in Virginia.

Braun. — Cipler Braun and his wife, Magdalene Keeler, were
of Baden, Germany. They emigrated to America and settled in
St. Charles county in 1832. Their children were — Martin,
Antoine, Clarissa, Agnes and Godfrey. All of these, with the
exception of Martin, married and settled in St. Charles county.
Martin, while sick of fever, wandered into the woods, where he
died, and his body was eaten by the hogs. His shirt, with his
name upon it, was found sometime afterward, and except for that
his friends would never have known what became of him.

Browning. — Daniel F. J. Browning was a native of Kentucky,
where he married a wealthy widow, from whom he afterward sep-
arated. He was always an unlucky man, and attributed his ill
fortune to the fact that he once volunteered to hang a negro. The
sheriff of the county where he lived, being averse to executing
the criminal, offered $10 to any one who would drive the cart
from under him. Browning accepted the offer, and drove the
cart from under the negro ; but after that his life became a bur-
den to him. He lost his property, separated from his wife, and
then came to Missouri, where he supported himself for several
years by teaching school. He taught in White's Fort, and at
several other places. During the Slicker war he kept a ferry at
Chain-of-Rocks, and was ordered by the Slickers not to put any
anti-Slicker men across the river at that place. But he paid no
attention to the order, and a party of Slickers went to his house
one night to lynch him ; but he heard them coming, and mounting
his horse, swam the river and escaped. Sometime afterward a
friend met him in Lincoln county, and inquired where he was
going. Browning pulled out a little pistol, about two inches
long, and replied that he was "going to kill every d — d Slicker
he met." But the places where he buried his dead have not
been discovered.

Baber. — Hiram Baber married a daughter of Jesse Boone.
He was sheriff of St. Charles county one term, and was a reck-
less, fun-loving sort of a man. He built a brick residence in
St. Charles, and carved over the door, in large letters, "Root
Hog, or Die." He moved from St. Charles to Jefferson City,.

138 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and became one of the leading men of the State. He made a
great deal of money, and spent it as freely as he made it. He
would often, in braggadocio, light his pipe with bank bills, to
show how easily he could make money and how little he cared
for it.

CosHow. — William Coshow, a native of "Wales, married.
Mary Hughes, an Irish girl, and, emigrating to America, settled
in North Carolina. He went with Daniel Boone on one of his
expeditions to Kentucky, and was killed by the Indians at the
head of Kentucky river. He had but one child, a son, named
William. His widow married Jonathan Bryan, several years after
the death of her first husband, and they came to St. Charles
county in 1800. Her son was raised by his step-father who
loved him as one of his own children. He served in the war
against the Indians, and afterwai'd married Elizabeth Zumwalt, of
St Charles county. They had three children, Andrew J.,
Phoebe A., and John B., all of whom are still living.

Campbell. — Dr. Samuel Campbell and his wife, Sally Alexan-
der, were natives of Rockbridge county, Va. They had ten
children, of whom William M., the subject of this sketch, was the
fifth. He was born in January, 1805, and after having received
a fair education at home, was placed under the instruction of
Rev. Wm. Graham, at what was then called the " Log College,"
but which was subsequently named Washington University, and
is now known as Washington and Lee University, at Lexington,
Va. Here he qualified himself for the practice of law, and at
the age of twenty-four came to Missouri with his brother-in-law,
Dr. Robert McCluer, who settled in St. Charles county. Young
Campbell remained two years with his brother-in-law, hunting
and amusing himself, and then went to St. Charles and com-
menced the practice of law. He remained in St. Charles until
1843, when he removed to St. Louis, where he died, January 2,
1850. Mr. Campbell wielded a large influence in his adopted
State, and served as a member of the Legislature during the
greater portion of his residence here. He was editor of the St.
Charles Clarion for some time, and also of the St. Louis Nev:
Era, by which means his influence and reputation were greatl.y
extended.

Cottle. — Warren Cottle, of Vermont, was a soldier in the war
of 1812. He had six children — Warren, Ira, Oliver, Stephen,
Marshall, and Letitia. Warren was a physician, and came with
his father to Missouri in 1799. He married his cousin, Salome
Cottle, and they had eight children— Oliver, Alonzo, Fidelo, Al-
vora, Lorenzo, Paulina, Ora, and O'Fallon. Ira also married his
cousin, Suby Cottle, and they had six children — Levi, Harriet,
Warner, Ira, Joseph, and Mary J. Oliver married Charitj- Lowe,
and they raised thirteen children — Royal, Leroy, Oliver, Mar}-,

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 139

Orville, Priscilla, Lethe, Juliet, John, Ira, Julius, Ellen, and
Cordelia. Stephen married, but died without issue Marshall
died single. Letitia married and died childless. Lorenzo Cottle,
son of Dr. Warren Cottle, founded the town of Cottleville, in St,
Charles county, in 1840.

CoALTER. — The ancestors of the Coalter family of St. Charles
were members of the Presbyterian colony that settled in Augusta
county, Va., at an early date. From among them we have ob-
tained the following names — David, John, Polly, Jane, and Ann.
John was married four times. His third wife was a Miss Tucker,
sister of Judge Beverly Tucker, and half-sister of John Ran-
dolph, of Roanoke. They had two -children — St. George and
Elizabeth. The latter married John Randolph Bryant, of Flovan-
na county, Va. David married Ann Carmicle, of South Carolina,
and the names of their children were — John D., Beverly T.,
Maria, Catharine, Fanny, Caroline, and Julia. Polly married
Judge Beverly Tucker, who became eminent as a jurist. They
had no children. Jane married John Naylor, of Pennsylvania.
They settled in Kentucky, but removed to Missouri in 1818.
They had seven children — James, John, William, Thomas, Caro-
line, Sophronia, and Ann. The boys all died about the time they
were grown. Ann married a Mr. Ward, of Kentucky. — (Chil-
dren of David Coalter.) John D. married Mary Meanes, of
South Carolina, and settled in St. Charles county, where he lived
until two years prior to his death, when he removed to St. Louis.
He had but one child. Mr. Coalter was a talented and influential
attorney, and also a leading member of the Legislature of his
State. Beverly T. wa^ a physician. He married Elizabeth Mc-
Queen, of Pike county, where he resided. They had three
children, one son, and two daughters. Dr. Tucker was a gen-
tleman of fine business qualifications. Maria married Hon. Wm.
C. Preston, of South Carolina, and died, leaving one daughter,
who died when she was about grown. Catharine married Judge
William Harper, of South Carolina, who removed to Missouri and
became Judge of the Court of Chancery. They had several chil-
dren, but only one survives. Fannie married Dr. David H.
Meanes, of South Carolina. The Doctor removed to Missouri
and remained a short time, and then returned to South Carolina,
where his wife died. They had several children. Caroline
married Hamilton R. Gamble, of St. Louis. They had two sons
and one daughter. Juha married Hon. P^dward Bates, and is
now a widow, living in St. Louis. (Children of Jane Naylor,
nee Coalter.) Caroline Naylor married Dr. William B. Natt.
They removed to Livingston, S. C, where Dr. N. died, leaving a
"widow and five children. Sophronia married James W. Booth,
of Pike county. Mo., who subsequently removed to St. Louis,
and became a commission merchant. Their ciiildren were —

140 P.IONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

John N., Thomas, Edward B., and George. Ann married a Mr.
McPheeters, who died, leaving two sons, James and Theophile,.
who removed to Mississippi, w^here they married and raised large
families.

Castlio. — John Castlio, of Tennessee, married a widow named
Lowe, whose maiden name was Harrison, They settled in St.
Charles county in 1806. The names of their children were —Ruth,
Lottie, Mahala, Sinai, John H., Nancy, and Hiram. Lottie mar-
ried William Keithley. Ruth married Frank McDermid, who
was killed at Callaway's defeat. They had two children, Rhoda
and Viletta. Mahala married Benjamin Howell, and they had
eleven children. Sinai married Absalom Keithley. John H.
married the widow of Capt. James Callaway, whose maiden name
was Nancy Howell. Nancy married Felix Scott. Hiram died
when he was about grown. The names of John H. Castlio's
children were — John C.,Fortunatus, Jasper N., OthanielC, Hiram
B., and Zerelda E.

Campbell. — James Campbell, of Scotland, settled in Essex
county, Virginia, and married a Miss Montague. They had
only one child, James, Jr., when Mr. Campbell died,
and his widow mai'ried a Mr. Stubbs, of Richmond. James, Jr.,
married Lucinda S. Gautkins, of Virginia, and they had ten chil-
dren— Mary M., Thacker, Charles G., Nanc}'^ H., Catharine L.,
James E., Elijah F., John, Caroline, and Lucy H. Mrs. Camp-
bell died, and her husband was married a second time to Catha-
rine Heihm, of Lynchburg. He was a soldier in the war of 1812,
and died in 1872, in his eighty-fifth year. His widow still lives
(1875), in her eightieth year, but is sorely afflicted, being both
blind and deaf.

Cannon. — Joseph Cannon married Nancy Sitton, of North Caro-
lina, and settled first in Tennessee, where he remained until 1811,
when he removed to St. Charles county, Missouri. During the In-
dian war he and his family lived in Kennedy's Fort. Mr. Cannon
was a great hunter and Indian fighter, and had a great many ad-
ventures. He once tracked a bear to ahollow log, and began to kin-
dle a fire to smoke it out ; but as he was stooping down to blow
the flames, the bear sprang out of the log and threw him on his back,
and then ran away. He was so badly scared that he never saw
the bear any more. The names of Mr. Cannon's children were
Phillip, Sarah, Rachel, Keziah, and Nancy. Phillip married Eliz-
abeth McCo3% ^^^^ they had ten children — George, Julia A., Ra-
chel, William R., Nancy, Ellen, John, David M., Sarah, and
Mathaneer. Sarah married Jerry Beckj of Lincoln county, and
is now a widow. Rachel married Raphael Florathey, and lives
in Iowa. Nancy married John Creech, of Lincoln county.
Keziah died single.

Carter. — Thomas Carter, of Virginia, married Judith Mc-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 141

Crawdy, and their children were — Jesse, Tliomas, Edward, Law-
son, Christopher, and Dale. Thomas married Nancy Hutchings, of
Virginia, and settled in St. Charles county in 1836. Christopher
married Mar}' Soizes, whose father served seven years in the revo-
lutionary war. They settled in St. Charles county in 1830. The
names of their children were Frances, Rebecca, James, Jane,
Ciiristopher, Judith, Thomas M., Mary, George, and Rolla.
Thomas M. is the present sheriff of Lincoln county (1875).

Collins. — The father of William Collins was an Englishman.
At an early age William was bound out to learn the carpenter's
trade, but becoming dissatisfied, he ran away and got married,
which suited him better. He married Jane Blakey, of Warren
county, Virginia, and they had six children — George, John,
Reuben, Fanny, Elizabeth, and William. John married Fannj'
Curtley, and settled in Franklin county, Missouri. George mar-
ried Jane Eddings, of Warren county, Virginia, and settled in
St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1825. They had seventeen
children — Sarah, Elizabeth, Frances, Smith, Eliza, Nancy, Cla-
rissa, James, Elijah, Thomas, William, Tandy, George, Sandy,
Jane, Mary, and Joseph. Sandy, Joseph, and Mary died before
they were grown. Elizabeth, Eliza, and Clarissa married and
remained in Virginia. Sarah and Nancy married and settled in
Warren county, Missouri. Smith married Emily Wyatt, and
moved to Oregon. Thomas, William, and Frances settled in
Henry county Missouri. Elijah settled in Arkansas, and George
in Warren county, Missouri.

Collins. — Nicholas Collins, of P^ngland, married M&rgaret
Long, of Va., and they had two children, John and Lucy. John
married Elizabeth Yager, of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles
county, Missouri, in 1831. His children were — Sarah, Lucinda,
Mary, Ann, Elizabeth, William K., and John J., all of whom,
except Sarah and John, settled in St. Charles county.

Cakr. — Elijah Carr was of Irish descent. He settled first in
Hagarstown, Maryland, and in 1798 removed to Shelby county,
Kentucky, from whence, in 1829, he removed to St. Ciiarles
county, Missouri, where he died in 1832. He kept a distillery,
and was a keen, shrewd, horse trader. His children were — Ruth,
James, and John. Ruth married William Boyd, of Missouri.
James was a zealous member of the Old Baptist Church, but joined
the Misssionary Baptists when the division took place. He mar-
ried Susan Jones, daughter of Silas Jones, of Shelby county,
Kentucky, and they had nine children — Sally, Elizabeth, Hellen,
Mary R., John, William, Susan L., James, and Eliza J. Mi's.
Carr died in 1834, and he died in 1836. John Carr married
Mary Dorsey, of Kentucky, and they had nine daughters. They
lived at Louisville, Kentucky, where Mr. Carr died in 1865.

Collier. — The father of John and George Collier lived in the

142 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

State of New Jersey, not far from the city of Philadelphia. He
died when they were quite young, and their mother being an en-
ergetic, industrious woman, determined to do the best slie could
for herself and family. She purchased two milk cows with
the little money that her husband had left her, and opened a
small dairy. It was not long until she owned and milked one
hundred cows, and in a few years had accumulated a handsome
fortune. Desiring to come West, she sold her dairy and other
property, and, in 1815, came to St. Charles with her two sons
and $40,000 in cash. The two boys, being no less energetic than
their mother, supplied themselves with a small stock of goods,
and for several years followed the tiresome and dangerous calling
of country peddlers, carrying their goods on their backs. They
made money, and in a few years opened a store in St. Charles.
Here they rapidly augmented their means, and, desiring to ex-
tend their business, they established a branch store at Troy, in Lin-
coln county, and shortly after another in St. Louis. Mrs. Col-
lier bought a residence in St. Charles, and kept several negro
women busy making coarse shirts and various other kinds of gar-
ments, which her sons sold in their stores. She was a devoted
Methodist, and as earnest and zealous in her religion as in every-
thing else. She always entertained the Methodist ministers when
they came to St. Charles, and kept a room in her house exclusively
for their benefit, no one else being allowed to use it. In 1830
she had erected upon her own grounds the first Methodist house
of worship in St. Charles, which was occupied by her congrega-
tion for religious services, free of rent. She also authorized the
occupancy of the house as a common school room, reserving, b}^
way of rent, the privilege of sending four pupils of her own selec-
tion, at the then customary tuition price of $1 per month, each.
The school progressed so satisfactorily that Mi-s. Collier deter-
mined to appropriate $5,000 to the building of a school house for
Protestant (.-hildren in the village ; and after giving the subject
mature deliberation, she broached it to her son George. He not
only heartily commended her plan, but desired to build the house
himself — a larger and better one than $5,000 would pi'ocure —
and that his mother's donation should constitute an endowment
fund for the institution. This was agreed upon, and in 1834 the
building, which has since been known as St. Charles College, was
erected, at a cost, including the grounds, of $10,000. Beriah
Cleland, well known to the older citizens of St. Charles, was the
builder. The College was opened in 1835, under the presidency
of Rev. John F. Fielding ; and for many years the President's
salary was paid out of Mr. Collier's private purse. The College
prospered beyond expectation under the liberal patronage of its
generous benefactor, who gave in all fully $50,000 to the institu-
tion. George Collier did more for the cause of education in his

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 143

adopterl State than any other man, and has received but little
credit for it. The alumni of the College spread through Missis-
sippi, Louisiana, and the western part of this State, and opening
schools and other institutions of* learning diffused the ben-
efits of science and knowledge throughout an immense extent of
country. Many of the leading men and educators of this State
studied the sciences under the roof of this parent institution.
Mrs. Collier died in 1835, but made provision in her will for the
carrying out of her part of the philanthropic enterprise. By
some mistake the sum donated by her was lost, but it was
promptly replaced by her son, and at his death, in 1852, he left
an endowment of $10,000 for the College, on condition that the
County Court of St. Charles county donate a similar amount for
the same purpose. The Court complied with the requirements of
the will, and the College was promptly endowed with $20,000.
George ColHer married Frize Morrison, daughter of James Mor-
rison, of St. Charles. She was a Catholic, and according to the
rules of her Church, could not be married by a Protestant minis-
ter ; but Mr. Collier refusing to be married by a priest, the
ceremony was performed ky Judge Benjamin Emmons. Mrs.
Morrison wanted her daughter to be re-married bj' a priest of her
Church, but Mr. Collier objected, saying that he was married well
enough to suit him, and then added, good-humoredly, that if she
wanted her daughter back again, she could take her. But the
old lady concluded to let the matter drop, and said nothing more
about the second ceremony.

CoLGiN. — Daniel Colgin was a tailor by trade, and settled in St.
Charles county (where the poor house now stands) in 1806. He
made a deep cellar under his log cabin, and placed a trap door
in the floor, just inside of the door, and every night when he went
to bed this trap door was unfastened, so that if the Indians at-
tacked the house and broke the door open they would fall into the
cellar. He also kept an ax and a sledge hammer near his bed,
to use in tapping Indians on the head ; but his house was never
attacked, and his ingenious contrivances were never brought
into use. In 1812 he removed to St. Charles, and opened a
tailor's shop in that town. Here he dressed deer skins and manu-
factured them into pants and hunting shirts, from which he derived
a comfortable income. In 1814 he was elected Justice of the
Pe.ace, and made a rather eccentric officer. (Some of his official
acts are noticed under the head of "Anecdotes and Adventures.")
His dwelling house and shop were one and the same, and there
was but one window in the house, which contained only two panes
of glass. The old gentleman kept a pet bear chained in his yard,
and the boys of the town used to torment the poor beast until it
would become furious. One day while they were teasing tlie
bear, it broke the chain, and ran the boys all off the place. After

144 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

that they let the bear alone. Colgin's wife was a native of Ken-
tucky, and his daughters were said to be the prettiest girls in St.
Charles.

Craig. — Rev. James Craig married a daughter of Col. Nathan
Boone. He was a Hard-Shell Baptist preacher, and preached
and taught school in St. Charles for several years. He baptized,
by immersion, in the Missouri river, the first person that ever
received Protestant baptism in St. Charles. The candidate was
a colored woman named Susan Morrison. Daniel Colgin assisted
Mr. Craig to perform the ceremony, by wading out into the river
and measuring the depth of the water with his cane, singing as
he went—

"We q,re going clown the river Jordan,
As our Saviour went before."

Revs. John M. Pec^k and Timothy Flint were present, and
joined in the singing.

Christy. — William Christy, Sr., and William Christy, Jr., were
cousins, and natives of Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1800 the elder settled
in St. Louis, where he opened a hotel and made a fortune. The
younger was quartermaster for the troops at Bellefontaine during
the war of 1812, and after the return of peace, he settled in St.
Charles, and went into the mercantile business, which he followed
for two years. He then went into politics, and was at different
times clerk of the County and Circuit Courts. He was also Re-
ceiver and County Treasurer, and Clerk of the Supreme Court.
He married Constance St. Cyr, of St. Charles, and they had nine
children — William M., Ellen, Leville, Martha T., Israel R., Mary
A., Eliza, Louisa, and Clarissa. Mrs. Christy was well educated,
and did a great deal of writing for her husband. They also kept
boarders while the Legislature sat in St. Charles, and had so
much patronage that they were compelled to hire beds from their
counti-y friends for the accommodation of their guests. They
paid 25 cents a week for the beds. Mr. Christy had an apple tree
in his yard that bore 40 bushels of apples one summer, and his
son, William M., who was a little fellow at the time, sold them
on the street, and to the members of -the Legislature, at 25 cents
per dozen, thus reaping a handsome income from the one apple
tree. William M. Christy is still living in St. Charles. He
served as sheriff and deputy sheriff of the county for sixteen
years, and organized the first express company in St. Charles.
He acted as express agent for ten years.

Charlesworth. — Walter Charlesworth, of England, being
captivated by the glowing tales of life in the New World, ran
away from his parents at the age of eighteen years, and came to
America. He remained a while at Wheeling. Va., and then went
to St. Charlesville in Ohio, where he engaged in shipping pork to
New Orleans and the West India Islands. He married Maiy A.

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 145

Young, and in 1827 he came to St. Charles, Mo. They had two
children, Walter J. and Eliza. The latter died, but the former is
still living in St. Charles. Mrs. Charles worth died sometime
after the removal to St. Charles, and her husband subsequently
married Mary St. Louis, of Canada, who died, leaving no chil-
dren. Charles Charlesworth, a brother of Walter, came from
England with his wife, in 1840, and settled in St. Charles. Here
his wife went blind, and subsequently died, when he started on
his return to England, and died at New Orleans. They had six
children — George, Martha, Ann, Charles, Mary, and Hannah.

CoNOiER. — Peter Conoier was a Frenchman, and settled on
Marais Croche Lake at an early date. He was very fond of
hunting wild hogs, which he lassoed, being so expert in that art
that he could throw the lariat over any foot of the hog that he
chose, while it was running at full speed. He was married three
times, and had several children. One of his sons, named Joseph,
while going to school, was chastised by the teacher, for some mis-
demeanor, and the old gentleman was greatly incensed thereat.
He determined to whip the teacher in turn and went to the
school house next morning for that purpose. Arriving at the
school house, he drew his knife out and began to whet it on his
foot, whereupon the teacher drew his knife, and invited him to
"come on," if that were his game. But concluding that discre-
tion was the better part of valor, he put up hi» knife, bade the
teacher a polite good morning, and went home.

Darst. — David Darst was born in Shenandoah Co., Va., De-
cember 17, 1757, and died in St. Charles Co., Mo., December 2,
1826. He married Rosetta Holman, who was born in Maryland,
January 13, 1763, and died in Callaway Co., Mo., November 13,
1848. She was buried in a shroud of homespun wool, which she
made with her own hands when she was about middle-aged. Mr.
Darst removed from Virginia to Woodford Co., Ky., in 1784, and
in 1798 he left Kentucky with his wife and seven children, and
settled in (now) St. Charles Co., Mo., on what has since been
known as Darst's Bottom. Some of the leading men of Ken-
tucky gave him a very complimentary letter to the Spanish
authorities in St. Louis, which enabled him to obtain several
grants of land for himself and children. The names of his chil-
dren were — Mary, Elizabeth, Absalom, Isaac, Sarah, Jacob,
Samuel, Nancy, and David H. Mary married Thomas Smith, of
Callaway county, and died ; he then married her sister Eliza-
beth. Isaac married Phoebe, daughter of Jonathan Bryan.
Sarah and Samuel died before they were grown. Jacob lived in
Texas, and was killed by the side of Col. Crockett at the battle of
the Alamo. Nanc}' married Col. Patrick Ewing, of Callaway Co.
David H. married Mary Thompson, and lived and died in Darst's
Bottom. They had thirteen children — Violet, Rosetta H., Mar-
10

146 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

garet R., Elizabeth I., Nancy E., Harriet, Mary T., David A.
Lorena, Henry, Martha, William, and Julia. Mr. Darst was a very
systematic man, and for many years kept a book in which he re-
corded every birth and death, and all important incidents that
occurred in the community. This book would have been very
interesting, but it was destroyed by fire several years ago.

Day. — Robert Day, of England"; emigrated to Amei'ica and
settled in Maryland, where he had two sons born, Frank and
Robert. The latter died while a boy. Frank moved to Wythe
Co., Va., where he married Mary Forbish. They had twelve
children — Nancy, Polly, Aves, Peggy, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Jane,
Frank, jr., Nathaniel, George, Nilen, and James. Nancy was
killed by a horse. Polly married in Kentucky, and settled in St.
Louis in 1815. Aves died single. Peggy married Solomon
Whittles, of St. Charles Co., Mo. Jane married John Proctor,
and settled in Warren Co., Mo. Frank, Nathaniel, and George
all died bachelors, in Missouri. Nilen married Susan Wilson.
James married Emily Rochester, of Virginia, and settled in St.
Charles Co., Mo., from whence he removed to Lincoln county,
where he still resides. When quite a bo}^ he and a young friend
of his spent a night at Amos Burdine's, and slept on a bed that
had a buckskin tick. During the night they felt something very
hard and uncomfortable in the bed under them, and determined
to find out what it was. They had no knives to cut the tick with,
so they gnawed a hole in it with their teeth, and drew out a
buck's head with the horns attached, after which the>y did not
wonder that they had slept uncomfortably. During the operation
of drawing the horns out of the bed, the boys broke out several
of their front teeth. Mr. Robert Day settled in Dog Prairie, St.
Charles Co., in 1819, and spent the rest of his life there.

Davidson, — Andrew Davidson, of Kentucky, came to Missouri
in 1811, but returned in 1813, and married Sarah Johnson. In
1830 he came back to Missouri and settled in St. Charles county.
His children were — Susan, Greenberry, William, Angeline, Eliza
J., Salome, and John. The old gentleman was a great friend of
the Indians, and in order to manifest his good feelings, he kept a
lot of tobacco with which he would fill their pouches when they
stopped at his house. One of his sons, a mischievous lad,
poured a pound of gunpowder into the tobacco, and several of the
Indians got their faces and noses burnt in attempting to smoke it.
This, of course, was taken as a mortal offence, and it was with
the greatest difficulty that Mr. Davidson kept the Indians from
killing himself and family.

Drtjmmond. — James Drummond, of England, settled in Fau-
quier Co., Va., prior to the American revolution, and served in
the patriot army during the war. He had two sons, James, jr. ,
and Milton, who came to Missouri. James married Martha

ST, CHARLES COUNTY 147

Lucas, of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1834.
He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He had seven children —
Elias, Harrison, Mary, James, Catharine, William, and Eliza-
beth. Mary married Wm. E. Jackson, and settled in St. Charfes
county in 1835. Catharine married George M. Ryan, of Vir-
ginia, and is now living in St. Charles county. William and
Elizabeth died in Virginia. Elias lives in St. Louis. Harrison
married Elizabeth Wilkinson, and settled in St. Charles county in
1834. James settled in Mississippi.

Dyer. — John Dyer, of Greenbriar county, Virginia, married a
Miss Roley, and they had six children — George, James, John,
Polly, Pauline, and Marktina. George married Margaret Hayden,
of Kentucky, and settled in Pike county, Missouri, in 1838 ; in
1840 he removed to St. Charles county. His children were —
Rosana, Elvira, Mary J., William C, Eliza, Martin V., Lucy, and
J^lizabeth. Rosana married Pleasant Colbert, of Lincoln county.
Elvira married Dr. Sidney R. Ensaw, an Englishman, who settled
in St. Charles county, in 1836. Eliza married James McNanone,
of St. Louis county, who died, and she afterward married John
J. Sthallsmith, of St. Charles county. P^lizabeth married Fred-
erick Grabenhorst, of St. Charles county. Martin V. is a
Catholic priest, and lives in New York.

Denney. — Charles Denney, of Germany, settled within the
limits of the State of Missouri while the country belonged to
Spain. He married Rachel Clark, and they had eight children —
Christine, Magdalene, Mary, Adeline, Ann, Charles, John, and
Raphael. Mr. Denney was an herb doctor, and treated the
simpler classes of diseases. He was also something of a dentist,
and pulled teeth for people when they came to him for that pur-
pose. He lived on Dardenne creek, where he built a water mill,
which supplied the people of the vicinity with meal and flour for
many years. He finally grew tired of milling, and erected a dis-
tillery, but this did not pay so well, and he went back to his
former occupation. In the meantime his wife had lost her sight,
but could still I'ecognizc her old acquaintances by their voices.
She could give the history of every person in the county, and it
was quite interesting to hear her converse about early times in
Missouri. Denney finally sold his mill, and removed to the Fever
River lead mines, where he was unfortunate, and lost all his
property. He then returned to Dardenne, and with the assistance
of his old neighbors re-purchased his mill,

Davis. — Lewis Davis, of Albemarle county, Virginia, had seven
children — P^dward, Matthew, Rachel, William, Rhoda, Martha,
and Virginia. Edward married Miss Walton, of Virginia, and
settled in St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1829. The names of
his- children were — Mary A., Joel A., and Lucy M. Mary A.
married Ira Shannon, of New York. Joel A. married Frances A.

148 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Guthrie, of Virginia. Lucy M. married Peter Randolph, of "Vir-
ginia. Edward Davis was a blacksmith, and had a shop on
McCoy's creek. Like most of the early settlers, he was fond of a
good article of whisky, and when his supply ran out he would
take a sack of corn on his horse, go the distillery, and have it
made into whisky, without the fear of revenue officers before his
eyes, for they had no such encumbrances then.

Edwards. — Ambrose Edwards and his wife, whose maiden
name was Olive Martin, were married in Albemarle county, Vir-
ginia, in 1775. They had ten children — Brice, James, John,
Child's, Henry, Joseph, Booker, .Carr, Susannah, and Martha.
Brice was a Major in the war of 1812. He married Martha
Barksdale, of Virginia, and settled in Warren county, Missouri, in
1836. James never married, and died in Virginia. John married
Patsey Johnson, of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles county,
Missouri, in 1837. Childs married Nancy Hughlett, of Virginia,
and settled in Howard county, Missouri, in 1834. Henry married
Sarah M. Waller, a daughter of Carr Waller and Elizabeth Martin,
of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1835.
Their son, W. W. Edwards, was United States District Attorney,
and is now Circuit Judge for the St. Charles circuit. His brother,
A. H. Edwards, served two terms as Representative of St.
Charles county in the Legislature, and is now State Senator from
that district. Both are talented and able men, and their prospects
for future advancement are good. Their father died in 1844, but
their mother is still living (1875). Joseph Edwards lived and
died a bachelor, in St. Charles county. Booker also died a
bachelor, in Virginia. Carr married LavenbaLanier, of Virginia,
and settled in St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1835. Susannah
married Carr Waller, of Virginia. Martha married Milton Ferney,
who settled in St. Charles county, Missouri, in 1837.

Emerson. — John Emerson, of England, emigrated to America,
and settled in St. Charles county, Maryland. His youngest son,
Edward D., married Elizabeth Downs, of Maryland, and settled
in Pike county, Missouri, in 1818. He was married three times,
and raised a large family of children. His son, Daniel, married
Catharine Smiley, and they had thirteen children. His first wife
died, and he was married the second time to Ellen Boice, of St.
Louis, who bore seven children. Mr. Emerson was Captain of
militia in Pike county for four years. He removed to St. Charles
county in 1840. When he was a young man, courting his first
wife, he went to see her one day, and got very wet in a heavy
shower of rain that fell while he was on the road. When he got
to the house he found no one at home, so he built a fire and lay
down before it, and went to sleep. He slept sometime, and was
awakened by his buckskin pants drawing tight around his legs and
body as they dried. They were so tight that he could not

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 149

straighten himself, and while he was in that condition his sweet-
heart came. She laughed at him a little, and then procured him
dry clothing in which to dress.

Emmons. — Benjamin Emmons and his wife came from one of the
Eastern States and settled on Dardenne Prairie, near the present
town of Cottleville, in St. Charles county. Several years after-
ward he removed to the town of St. Charles and opened a hotel.
He was also elected Justice of the Peace, and, being a man of
education and intelligence, was chosen by the people of his county
to represent them in the first State Constitutional Convention,
which met at St. Louis in 1820. He afterward served in both
houses of the Legislature for several terms, to the entire satisfac-
tion of his constituents. In 1832 St. Charles was visited by that
dreadful pestilence, the Asiatic cholera, and many persons Were
swept into untimely graves. Mr. Emmons fearlessly offered his
assistance to the afflicted, and nursed the sick night and day ;
thereby saving many lives. He was assisted in this good office
by a Mr. Loveland, proprietor of the ferry at St. Charles. Mr»
Emmons had two children — Daphney, and Benjamin, Jr. Daph-
ney married a Mr. McCloud, who was the first editor of the St.
Charles Gazette. He died, and she afterward married Alonzo
Robinson, a school teacher, who moved to California and died.
Benjamin, Jr., was County and Circuit Clerk of St. Charles
county for many years, and is now practicing law in St. Louis.

Easton. — Col. Rufus P^aston, a well known lawyer of St. Louis,
removed to St. Charles at an early date, and entered upon the
practice of his profession there, in which he was very successful,
and accumulated a considerable fortune. He raised a large fam-
ily of children, whose names were — Alton, Joseph, Langdon,
Henry, Mary, Louisa, Joanna, Rosella, Adda, Sarah, and
Medora. Mary Easton, the eldest daughter, married Major
George C. Sibley, who served in the war of 1812. He was
appointed by the Governor of Missouri, a number of years after-
ward, to survey the route to Pike's Peak and New Mexico.
During his residence in St. Charles he improved the beautiful
place now owned by Capt. John Shaw, and donated the land upon
which Lindenwood College is built. His wife, before her marriage,
traveled over a large portion of the United States, on horseback,
in company with her father. She made several trips to New
York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore in that way. After the
death of her husband she visited I^urope several times, and made
preparations to go as a missionary to China, but death prevented
her from carrying out her intentions. She and her husband did a
great deal for the cause of education and religion in St. Charles,
and will long be remembered by the citizens of that place.

FuLKERsoN. — James Fulkerson, of Germany, came to America
and settled first in North Carolina, and afterward removed to

150 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Virginia. He had twelve cliildren — Peter, James, John, Thomas,
Abraham, Jacob, Isaac, William, Polly, Catharine, Hannah, and
Mary. Isaac married Rebecca Neil, of Lee county, Va. , in
1799, and came to Missouri and settled in Darst's Bottom in
1814. He served in the State Senate one term. He had ten
children — William N., James P., Virginia, Bathsheba V., Fred-
erick, Catharine H. , Isaac D., Margaret A., Peter H., and Jacob.
William N. married Ellen Christy, and they had nine children.
James P. married Louisa Stanbal'k. Virginia maiTied Caleb
Berry. Bathsheba married Judge John A. Burt. Fi-ederick
married Ann Miller. Catharine H. married Shapley Ross. Isaac
married Mary Wheeler. Margaret A. married Gordon H. Wal-
ler, who was Judge of St. Charles County Court one term. Peter
H. married Martha V. Montague, and they had fifteen children.
Jacob died in infancy.

Ferrell. — Benjamin Ferrell, of Mecklenburg county, Va., had
two children — Hutchings and Martha. Hutchings was a mer-
chant, and married Mary Pennington, of Virginia. They had
four children — Frederick, Benjamin P., Martha, and Hutchings,
Jr. Frederick settled in St. Charles county in 1833, and never
married. Benjamin P. came with his mother to St. Charles
county in 1832. He married Sally Hutchings, and they had two
children — Ann and Alexander. Martha died single, in 1828'
Hutchings, Jr., married Ann Hutchings, and settled in St. Charles
county in 1832. They had four children — Martha S., Robert W. ,
Wiiham P., and Benjamin H. Mrs. Ferrell died, and he was
married the second time to the widow of John McClenny, who
had one child — Redman M. By his last wife Mr. Ferrell has had
six children — Mahala, Henry, Urucilla, Susan, Julia, and Jennie.

Frazier. — David Frazier, of Virginia, settled in St. Charles
county in 1804. He had two sons, Jerry and James. Jerry was
killed in Virginia. James married Jane Anderson, of Pennsylva-
nia, who was of Irish birth, and settled in St. Charles count}' in
1804. They had twelve children — David, James, John, William,
Thomas, Martin, Sally, Elizabeth, Polly, Catharine, Jane, and
Abigail. David married EUzabeth Fry, and lived in Virginia.
James married Polly Crow. John was married first to Mary
Shuck, and after her deatli he married Sally T. Hall. The latter
was a grand-daughter of Alexander Stewart, who was captured
by the British during the Revolutionary war, and taken to P^n-
gland, where he was kept in prison one year. When he returned
he found all his property advertised for sale, his friends sup-
posing him dead.

Flint. — Rev. Timothy Flint, a Presbyterian minister of Con-
necticut, settled in St. Charles in 1816. He was an educated
man and devoted much of his time to literature. Several inter-
esting works were written by him ; but in manj' instances he

o

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 151

allowed his vivid imagination to lead him aside from the facts of
history, and his writings are not to be relied upon in regard to
accuracy. A number of his imaginary sketches of Daniel Boone
have been accepted as true, and copied into leading histories
of our country. One of these, representing a desperate hand-to-
hand contest between Boone and two savages, in which the former
slays both of his antagonists, has been represented in marble, and
adorns the Capitol at Washington City. But the incident origin-
ated wholly in Mr. Flint's imagination. He was a poet, also,
and wrote some passable verses. He organized a church in St.
Charles, and performed a great deal of laborious missionary
service in different parts of Missouri and Illinois, supporting
himself and family by teaching school, assisted by his wife, who
was also an excellent teacher. He opened a farm on Marais
Croche Lake, where he raised cotton, and made wine from wild
grapes. He resided in St. Charles county for a number of years,
and then went to the South for missionary service, where he died
soon after.

Green. — James Green emigrated from North Carolina in 1797,
and settled first in St. Louis county, where he remained two
years. In 1799 he removed to St. Charles county and settled
on what has since been known as Green's Bottom, where he ob-
tained a Spanish grant for 800 arpents of land. Mr. Green, who
was a plain, honest farmer, had a passion for running for office,
and was a candidate at nearly every election. He was always
defeated, but did not seem to mind that, being satisfied, apparently,
with the pleasure it afforded him to be a candidate. The largest
number of votes he ever received at an election was 70, and the
smallest 11. He married in North Carolina, and raised five chil-
dren— Robert, John, James, Squire, and Elizabeth.

The next settler in Green's Bottom was James Flaugherty,
who came there in October, 1799. He received a Spanish grant
for 600 arpents of land. The next settlers in Green's Bottom,
that we have any record of, were Peter, Joseph and James Jer-
ney, who came there with their families at a very early date. All
received grants of land, and the liberality of the Spanish authori-
ties soon filled the Bottom with enterprising settlers.

Gaty. — George Gaty, of Italy, came to America and settled
first in Pennsylvania, where he married Christiana Smith. In 1797
he came to Missouri, and settled in what is now called St. Charles
county. He had five children — John, Mary, Theresa, Christiana,
and George N. John married Jerusha Burklco, and they had
thirteen children. Mary married Samuel Burkleo, and they had
five children. Theresa was married first to Isaac Robinson, and
after his death she married Allen Turnbaugh. She had ten
children in all. Christiana married William Burns. George
N. married Edna Burkleo, and they had eleven children.

152 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Griffith, — Samuel Griffith, of New York, settled on the point
below St. Charles in 1795. He was therefore one of the very first
American settlers in the present limits of the State of Missouri.
Daniel M. Boone had been here previous to his arrival, and the
rest of the Boone family must have come about the same time
that Mr. Griffith did. They all came the same year, at any rate.
Mr. Griffith was married in North Carolina, and had four ciiildren
— Daniel A., Asa, Mary, and Sarah. Daniel A. married Matilda
McKnight, and they had five children. Asa married Elizabeth
Johnson ; they had five children. Mary married Wilson Overall,
and Sarah married Foster McKnight.

Guthrie. — Robert Guthrie was a native of Scotland, but emi-
grated to America and settled first in Virginia, from whence he
removed to Williamson Co., Tennessee. He had five children —
William, David, Samuel T. , Robert, and Finley. Samuel T. and
Robert settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1819, and the former
assessed the county in 1820. In 1821 he removed to Callaway
county. Robert married Matilda H. Maury, a sister of the cel-
ebrated Lieutenant M. F. Maury, of the U. S. Nav3^ They had
nine children — Diana, Eiiza L., Harriet, Richard M., John M.,
Matthew F., Robert M., Cornelia J., and Mary. These ai'e all
dead except Eliza, Matthew F., Robert M., and Mary.

Gill. — John Gill, of Scotland, married Margaret Pitner, of
Cumberland Co., Va., and they had four children — Mary, Eliza-
beth, Sally, and John. Mary married Archibald Bilboa, of
Kentucky, and after their deaths their children moved to Indiana.
Elizabeth married James Martin, and they removed to Missouri
and settled in St. Charles county ; they had five children.
John married Mary Watts, and settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in
1821. He was a carpenter, and worked two years in St. Louis
before he went to St. Charles. They had ten children — Margaret
A., Peter W., Sarah A., Elizabeth M., William I., John P.,
Bently T., Adam F., Lucy G., and Mary B. Mrs. Gill had a
sister (Mrs. McFall,) who was scalped by the Indians, but
recovered.

GivExs. — James Givens, of Augusta, Co., Va., had the follow-
ing named children — Robert, Samuel, James, Jr., John, Benja-
min, and Martha. They all settled in Lincoln Co., Ky., in 1780.
Benjamin married Hannah Riggs, of Kentucky, and settled in
Howard Co., Mo., in 1821. John married Martha Robinson, of
Kentucky. The}^ had seven children — James, Margaret, Samuel,
Robert, Jane, Alexander R., and Martha. ' Of these children,
Martha? and Margaret died single in Kentucky ; Robert, Jane, and
Alexander married and settled in Johnson county, Missouri ;
Samuel married Sarah S. Organ, of Indiana, and came to Mis-
souri in 1823, and in 1825 he removed to St. Charles county. He
was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. They had eight children,

ST, CHARLES COUNTY 153

five of whom are living. Mr. Givens brought his wedding coat (a
blue "pigeon-tail") with him when he came to Missouri, and his
wedding boots, which had never been wet. He also brought the
gammon stick which he used for hanging hogs at butchering time.
These articles are still preserved in the family.

Grantham. — Joseph Grantham, of England, came to America^
and settled in Jefferson county, Va. The names of his children
were — John, Lewis, Mary, and Jemima. John married Mary Stri-
der, of Virginia, and they had one child, a son, which they named
Taliaferro. He married Mary D. Ashley, daughter of Major
Samuel Ashley, of the war of 1812, who was the son of Captain
John Ashley, a soldier of the Revolution. Mr. Grantham settled
in St. Charles county in 1835, and in 1836 he laid out the town of
Flint Hill, which he named for Flint Hill, of Rappahannock
county, Va. He built a house in the new town the same year,,
and kept it as a hotel. When the war with Mexico began Mr.
Gratham enlisted and was commissioned Captain of volunteers.
He had six children — Samuel A., Charles W., Jamison M.,
Martha C, Mary C, and Maria.

Garvin. — Alexander Garvin, of Pennsylvania, married Amy
Mallerson, and settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1819. His
cabin was built of poles, and was only 16x18 feet in size, covered
with linden bark weighted down with poles. The chimney was com-
posed of sticks and mud. The house was built in one day, and
they moved into it the next. Mr. Garvin and his wife had seven
children — Amy, Margaret, Permelia, Alexander, Jane R., Julia
A., and Fannie D. Amy, Julia and Permelia all died single.
Margaret was married first to Thomas Lindsay, and after his
death she married Joles Dolby, and is now a widow again. Alex-
ander married Elizabeth Boyd. Jane R. married Robert Bowles.
Fannie D. married Robert Roberts.

Heald. — A Mr. Heald, of England, settled in Massachusetts at
a very early date. He was married twice, and by his first wife he
had two sons, Nathan and Jones. Nathan was born in April,
1775. He received a military education, and entered the army
as Lieutenant, but was soon afterward promoted to the rank of
Captain, and at the commencement of the war of 1812 he was
placed in command of Fort Dearborne, where Chicago now stands.
Here they were attacked by a large body of Indians, who cap-
tured the fort, murdered the garrison, and carried Capt. Heald
and his young wife away as prisoners into their own country.
(See "Anecdotes and Adventures.") During his captivity he
was promoted to the rank of Major, but did not receive his
commission until after he had been exchanged. In 1817 Maj.
Heald came to Missouri with his family, and settled in St, Charles
county, not far from the present town of O' Fallon, where he spent
the remainder of his life. He died in 1832, leaving a widow and

154 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

three children — Mary, Darius, and Margaret. Mary married
David McCausland. Darius is now living on the old place. He
was married twice ; first to Virginia Campbell, and second to Mat-
t.e Hunter. He has seven children. Margaret died unmarried,
in 1837. — Jones Heald, brother of Major Nathan Heald, never
married. He lived in St. Louis until after the death of his
brother, when he went to St. Charles county, and lived part of
the time at the home of his sister-in-law, and part at Judge Bates'.
He died in St. Louis not many years ago.

Huffman. — George Huffman was a native of Pennsylvania, but
removed to Buckingham county, Va., where he married and lived
until 1789, when he brought his family to Missouri. He had five
■children — Peter, Christina, George, Catharine, and Elizabeth.
Peter was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Susan Sen-
ate, of Kentucky, and they had thirteen children. (The names
of eleven of the children were — Elizabeth, Margaret, John, Sarah,
George, Abraham, Maria, Lucinda, Lucre tia, Elijah, and Cassan-
■der. ) Christina married Daniel Baldridge. George married
Catharine Wolff, and they had five children — Peter, Elizabeth,
William, Abraham, and James. Catharine married Henry Hav-
erstakes. Elizabeth married John Weldon.

HuTCHiNGs. ^Charles and Peter Hutchings lived in Virginia.
Peter married Elizabeth Brim, and they had eight children — John,
Peter W., Elizabeth W., David, Washington, Charles, Ann, and
Sally. David, Washington, Charles, Ann, and Sally all came to
St. Charles county in 1831. Susan married William Peebles, and
settled in Williamson county, Tenn. The other two children re-
mained in Virginia. David was married twice, first to Sally But-
ler, and second to Polly Lett. Washington also married twice,
first to Nancy Wooten, and second to the widow Brumwell,
whose maiden name was Elizabeth Harris. Ann married Hutch-
ings Ferrell. Sally was married twice, first to Benjamin Ferrell,
and second to Robert Mcintosh.

Howell. — John Howell was born in Pennsylvania, but moved
to North Carolina, where he had three sons — John, Thomas, and
Francis. John moved to Tennessee, where he died, leaving a
widow and four children. Thomas lived in South Carolina until
after the revolutionary war. He married a Miss Bearfield. Fran-
cis married Susan Stone, daughter of Benjamin Stone, of South
Carolina, and emigrated to what is now the State of Missouri in
1797. He first settled thirty miles west of St. Louis, in (now)
St. Louis county, where he lived three years, and then
removed to (now) St. Charles county, and settled on what has
since been known as Howell's Prairie. Soon after his settlement
there he built a mill, which was called a "band mill," because
it was run by a long band. This was doubtless the first mill erected
north of the Missouri river, except perhaps a small one at St.

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 155

•Charles. Some time afterward Mr. Howell built another mill on
his farm, which was run by a large cog-wheel and was called a
■cog-mill. His place was a noted resort during early times. Mus-
ters and drills were frequently held there, and Indian agents in
conducting Indians to and from St. Louis, often stopped there for
supplies. Mr. Howell died in 1834, in his 73d year, and his wife
died eight years afterward. They had ten children — John,
Thomas, Sarah, Newton, Francis, Jr., Benjamin, Susan L,, Lewis,
James F., and Nancy. John was married three times, and died
in his 87th year, leaving nine children. He was a ranger in Capt.
James Callaway's company. Thomas married Susann?>h Calla-
way, sister of Capt. Callaway, in whose company he also served
as a ranger. They had fourteen children. Mr. Huwell died in
his 85th year, but his widow survives, in her 87th year. (See
* 'Anecdotes and Adventures.") Newton married the widow
Rachel Long. They had ten children, and he died in his 74th
year. Francis, Jr., married the widow Polly Ramsey, who was
the daughter of James and Martha Meek. He died in his 82d
jear, and his widow is still living, in her 87th year. They had
no children. Mr. Howell served as a ranger two years, part of
the time in Capt. Callaway's company, and was Colonel of militia
for five years. Benjamin married Mahala Castlio, and they had
twelve children. He died in his 63d year. He was Captain of a
company of rangers for two years. Susan married Larkin S.
Callaway, son of Flanders Callaway, and died at the age of 33
years. She had seven children. James F. married Isabella Mor-
ris, and died in his 33d year. Nancy was married twice, first to
Capt. James. Callaway, and after his death she married John H.
Castho. Lewis received a classical education, and followed
the profession of a teacher for many j'^ears. Some of the best
educated men and women of the State received instruction from
him. His life has been an eventful one, dating back to the very
earliest period of the existence of our commonwealth, and as it
cannot fail to be of interest to the reader, we here present the
following autobiographical sketch, which he kindly prepared for
this work, at the solicitation of the compilers :

" When I was eight or nine years old I went to school to an
Irishman, about a year and a half, who taught school near where
I lived. In about a year and a half after this, I went to school a
few months to a gentleman by the name of Prospect K. Robbins,
from Massachusetts, and when I was nearly twelve years old I
went to the same gentleman again for a few months, and made
considerable progress during this term in arithmetic. The war
of 1812 then came on, and I was nearly stopped from pursuing
my studies. 1 studied asT had an opportunity. After the war I
was placed by my father in a school in the city of St. Louis,
taught by a Mr. Tompkins, who afteward became one of the

156 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Supreme Judges of this State. I did not continue in this school
long, but was brought to St. Charles and placed in the care of Mr.
U. J. Devore, with whom I remained several months. English
grammar was my principal study while at St. Louis and St.
Charles. I was now about sixteen, and when about seventeen,,
as ray old teacher, U. J. Devore, had been elected Sheriff, he
selected me for his deputy. I was accordingly sworn in and
entered the service, young as I was. There were but two coun-
ties at this time north of the Missouri river— St. Charles and How-
ard— the former of which embraced now the counties of St.
Charles, Warren, Montgomery, Lincoln, and Pike. Tliere were i^o
settlements any further West at this time, until you came to
the Booneslick country, embraced in Howard. I had to ride
over the five counties before named, collecting taxes, serving
writs, etc. I continued in this business a few months, when I
relinquished the office of Deputy and entered the store of J.
& G. Collier, in St. Charles, as one of their clerks. I remained
with them a few months, and as my father and Mr. John Collier,
the elder of the brothers, could not agree on the terms of remain-
ing with them, I wejit back to my father's farm, where I labored
a short time, when my father, having some business in Ken-
tucky, took me with him to that State. On our return to Missouri
we overtook a small family on the road, moving to our State,
by the name of Reynolds, originally from the city of Dulin, in
Ireland. He and my father got into couA'ersation, and he appear-
ed so well pleased with the description my father gave him of this
section that he determined, before we separated, to come to the
neighborhood where we were living. With this gentleman, whom
I believe was a profound linguist, I commenced the study of
the Latin language. I can say without egotism, that I am very
certain I was the first person that commenced the study of
Latin between the two great rivers, Missouri and Mississippi.
I found it very difficult to get the necessary books, and had
to send to Philadelphia for the authors which my teacher recom-
mended. With him I read Ovid, Ctesar, Virgil, Horace and a
few others. Shortly after this (as Mr. Reynolds had left
the State) I went and spent a few months with my old teacher,
Gen'l. P. K. Robbins, where and with whom I studied a few math-
ematical branches, and this closed my literary studies at school.
I finally gave out studying medicine, which I had long con-
templated, and came home to my father's. I was now about
twenty-one years of age, and several of the neighbors and some
of my relations being very anxious that I should teach school for
them, I at last, yet somewhat reluctantly, consented, and accord-
ingly taught school a few months, and was not very well pleased
with tl e avocation.

"About this time there was considerable talk about the

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 157

province of Texas, and about the inducements that were held out
for persons to emigrate to that country. In consequence of this
stir about Stephen F. Austin's colony, a company of us agreed to
pay it a visit and examine the country and ascertain the prospects
of getting land ; but all finally gave out going except my brother
Frank and myself. We, therefore, alone, left Missouri January
22, 1822, for the Spanish province of Texas, which, however, we
never reached. Having gone fifty or sixty miles south of Red
river, my brother, who was seven or eight years older than myself,
and of more experience, thought it was imprndent to proceed
further, on account of the difficulties in the way. We therefore
retraced our steps and arrived at home between the first and
middle of March. I labored on my father's farm until fall, and
in October, when a few months over twenty-two, I left home
for the State of Louisiana. I took a steamboat at St. Louis
and landed at Iberville early in November. This place was
about ninety miles above New Orleans, where I remained until
spring, having been employed by a physician (a prominent man
of the parish) to teach his and a neighbor's children, and to regu-
late his books, etc., he having an extensive praetice. I was treated
rather badly by him, and in the spring I went down to the city
of New Orleans and took passage on a steamboat, and returned to
Missouri, and commenced farming, my father having given me a
piece of land which I commenced improving. A year or two
previous to this I went a session to a military school, taught by
an old revolutionary officer. I took, at this time, a considerable
interest in military tactics, and a year or two after this I was ap-
pointed and commissioned Adjutant of the St. Charles Militia,
my brother Frank being Colonel of the regiment. This office I
held for several 3'ears, when I resigned", it being the only military
office I ever held ; and the only civil office I ever had was that of
Deputy Sheriff, as already stated. After this time, I turned my
attention to teaching and farming, and in June, 1833, I married
Serena Lamme, the daughter of William T. and P'rances Lamme,
and great-granddaughter of Col. Daniel Boone, the pioneer of
Kentucky. I was then in my thirty-fourth year. We have had
six children, three of whom have already gone to the grave, the
youngest of those living being now about twenty-two years old.
I still continued teaching, and kept a boarding school, and had my
farm also carried on, until the close of the civil war, when I
stopped farming, as the servants I owned had been liberated. I
therefore rented out my farm, moved to the little village of
Mechanicsville, where I built and commenced a boarding school,
being assisted by an eminent young lady, a graduate of one of
the female seminaries of Missouri. This school was carried on
for five sessions, the last two or three mostly by the young lady
before named, as my health had somewhat failed.

158 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

"I have relinquished all public business whatever. I cultivate
my little garden with my own hands ; am now in my seventy-sixtl>
year ; enjoy tolerably good health for one of my age ; can ride
35 or 40 miles in a day, and I believe I could walk 20. I am a
member of the Presbyterian Church, to which I have belonged
upwards of fifty years. I attribute my health and advanced age
to my temperate habits, having never yielded to dissipation of
any kind.

Hatcher. — John Hatcher was a soldier in the revolutionary
war, and afterward served twenty-one years in the Legislature of
Virginia. He married Nancy Gentry, of Cumberland Co., Va.,
and they had sixteen children, of whom the following lived to be
grown — Nancy, Susan, Polly, Joseph, Samuel, John, Elizabeth^
Martha, Henry, and Frederick. John and Henry came to St.
Charles county in 1837. John had previously married a Miss
Flippln, and after remaining in St. Charles county a short time,
he returned to Virginia. Henry married Susan A. Speares,
daughter of John Speares and Margaret Bates. They had twelve
children — ^Ann M., Caroline, Charlotte V., Frederick, Martha,
Mary E., Sally M., PermeUa, Worthy, John H., Henrietta, and
Samuel. Ann M. married Strother Johnson. Caroline married
Hon. Barton Bates, son of Hon. Edward Bates. Charlotte V.
married Daniel H. Brown. Frederick never married. Martha
died in childhood. Mary E. married George W. Jackson. Sally
M. married Peyton A. Brown. Permelia married William E.
Chaney worth. Worthy died when she was a young lady. John
H. married Caroline Harris. Henrietta and Samuel are unmar-
ried.

Hill. — James Hill, of Ireland, came to America and settled in
Georgia. His children were — William H. , Alexander, Middleton,
Thomas, James B., Oliver, and Jane. Alexander was in the
war of 1812. He Inamed Miss Nancy Henry, of Tennessee,
where he first settled. In 1817 he removed to Missouri and set-
in Lincoln county. The names of his children were — Malcolm,
James B., Jane, and Thomas A. The latter married Isabella
Brown, of North Carolina, and settled in St. Charles Co., Mo.
He had four children — William H., Andrew F., John A., and
Middleton. Malcolm, son of Alexander Hill, settled in Texas,
and his brother, James B., settled in Wisconsin. Thomas, son
James Hill, Sr., married Elizabeth Henry, of Tennessee, and set-
tled in Lincoln Co., Mo., in 1817. His children were, James A.,
Mary, Nancy J., and Thomas L. Nancy J. married John
Wright, who settled in St. Charles county, and after her death he
married her sister Mary. James Hill, Sr., was a great hunter,
and spent most of his time in the woods. He died at the age of
seventy-two years.

Hayden. — Russell Hayden, of Marion Co., Ky., married Mary-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 159'

Roper, and they had nine children — Ellen, Nancy, James K.,
-Margaret, Leo, Joseph T., Eliza, Mary J., and William B.
James K. married Penina Williams^ and settled in Pike Co., Mo.
Margaret married George Dyer, who settled in St. Charles Co.,
Mo., in 1838. Mary J. married Richard Hill, who settled in
Missouri in 1838. William B. settled in St. Charles county in
1838. . He married Mary Freymuth.

Hendricks. — John Hendricks was a blacksmith, and had a
shop, first at Audrain's mill on Peruque creek, but afterward
removed to Mr. David K. Pittman's. He married a daughter of
Phillip Sublett, and sister of William Sublett, the noted moun-
taineer. Hendricks was an eccentric genius, and fond of playing
pranks on other people. While he was living at Audrain's mill
he played a trick on his neighbor, Mr. Robert Guthrie, that came
near being the cause of his death. A stream of water ran
through Mr. Guthrie's farm, across which he had felled a log that
he used as a foot-bridge. One night Hendricks sawed the log
nearly in two, from the under side, and next morning when Mr.
Guthrie went to cross the creek upon it, it suddenly sank with
him into the water, and he had a narrow escape from drowning,
as the water was very deep at that place. At another time- Hen-
dricks found some buzzard's eggs, and sold them to Mrs. Felix
Scott for a new kind of duck's eggs. She was very proud of her
purchase, and took a great deal of pains to hatch the eggs under
a favorite old hen. But when the "ducks" came, and she saw
what they were, she passed into a state of mind that might have
been called vexation. Hendricks once had a large wen cut out of
his hip, and during the operation he coolly smoked his pipe, as
if nothing unusual were transpiring.

HiGGiNBOTHAM. — Moscs Higgiubotham, of Tazewell county,
Va., had eleven children. His third son, whose name was Moses,
married Jane Smith, of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles Co.,
Mo., in 1838. They had the following children— Hiram K.,
Elizabeth, Siidney, Ellen, George W., and Minerva. Hiram K.
married Millie Evans, and raised a large family of children before
his death. Elizabeth married William A. Hawkins, of Warren
county, Mo. Sidney and Ellen both lived in Virginia, where
they married. George W. married Sarah A. Byer, and is still
living in St. Charles county. Minerva never married, and is now
living in St. Charles county.

Iman. — Daniel Iman and his wife, whose maiden name was
Barbara Alkire, settled in St. Charles county in 1818. They had
nine children — Washington, Adam, Isaac, Daniel, Henry, Solo-
mon, Katy, Mary, and Mahala. Washington married Louisa
Griggs. Adam was married first to Nancy Hancock, and after
her death he married Virginia Thornhill. Daniel was married
first to Elizabeth Hancock, second to Martha A. McCutcheon^

160 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and third to Ann Brittle. Mary married John Urf, and Mahala
married Benjamin F. Hancock.

Johnson, — George W. Johnson was a native of England, but
emigrated to America, and settled in Northumberland Co., Va.,
where he married Mildred Dye, daughter of William Dye, by
■whom he had — Eliza J., Henry V., Robert A., George C,
William B., and Amanda N. Henry, Robert, and William all
died single. Eliza, George, and Amanda married and settled in
Missouri.

Johnson. — John Johnson, of England, settled in Albemarle Co.,
Va., at a very early date. He had two sons, Bailey and James.
Bailey married a Miss Moreland, and they had nine children —
Beall, Susan W., Bailey, Jr., John, Pinckard, Smith, George,
Charles, and Presley. Bailey and Charles were the only ones
who left Virginia. George was a soldier in the revolutionary
war. He married Elizabeth Blackmore, of Virginia, and they had
nine children — Elizabeth, Hannah, Catharine, Nancy, Charles,
Edward, George, Bailey and Jemima. Nancy, Edward, Cath-
iirine, and Jemima died in childhood, in Virginia. Charles was
married twice, first to Rachel Woodward, and second to Har-
riet Ficklin, both of Virginia. By his first wife he had three chil-
dren, and by the second four. In 1836 he bought Nathan Boone's
farm and settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., but in 1846 he removed
to Illinois. Elizabeth married Rodman Kenner, who settled in
St. Charles county in 1834. Hannah married Joseph B. Stallard,
"who settled in St. Charles county in 1835. George S. married
Mrs. Eliza A. Hunter, whose maiden name was Gautkins. She
was a daughter of Edward Gautkins and Mary Oty, of Bedford
Co., Va. Bailey was married twice, first to Catharine Forshea,
and after her death to Nancy Campbell.

Johnson. — John Johnson, of Tennessee, settled on "the
point" below the town of St. Charles, in 1805. His father was
killed by the Indians when he was a small boy, and he grew up
with a natural antipathy to the race. He became a noted Indian
fighter^ and never let an opportunity pass to slay a red-man. On
one occasion, while the people were collected in the forts, during
the war of 1812, he saw an Indian hiding behind a log not far
from the fort, disguised as a buffalo, with the hide, to which the
horns were attached, thrown over his body. The disguise was so
transparent that Johnson had no difficulty in penetrating it, and
he at once decided to give the Indian a dose of lead for the bene-
fit of his health. So he cautiously left the fort, and making a
wide circuit, came in behind the savage, who was intently watch-
ing for an opportunity to pick ofi" some one of the inmates who
might come within range of his gun. But a ball from Johnson's
rifle put an end to his adventures here, and sent him speeding on
his way to the happy hunting grounds of the spirit land. For

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 161

more than five years after his removal to Missouri Johnson dressed
in the Indian garb, and never slept in a house, preferring
to repose in the open air with nothing but the heavens for a shel-
ter. He was thirty-seven years of age when he came to Mis-
souri, and when the Indian war commenced he joined the com-
pany of rangers commanded by Capt. Massey, and was stationed
for some time at Cap-au-Gris on the Mississippi river. Before he
left Tennessee he was married to Nancy Hughlin, of Nashville,
and they had six children — Daniel, Elizabeth, Levi, Dorcas,
Evans, and Susan, Daniel married Susan Smelzer. Elizabet^i
married Asa Griffith. Levi married Esther Bert. Dorcas mar-
ried Thomas Fallice. Evans was married four times ; first, to
Siisan Miller ; second to Susan Sullivan ; third, to Angeline
Lefavre, and fourth, to Sarah M. McCoy. Susan married Will-
iam Roberts.

Johns. — John Jay Johns was born in Buckingham county, Va.,
in 1819. His father was Glover Johns, a tobacco planter, and a
magistrate, an office of great honor in the Old Dominion in those
days. He removed to Middle Tennessee in 1831, and from thence
to Mississippi in 1834. In 1836, John Jay, then in his seventeenth
year, went to the Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, where he
graduated in 1840. He was married the same year to Catharine
A. Woodruff, of Oxford, Ohio, and returning to Mississippi, en-
gaged in the planting business. In the spring of 1844 he removed
to St. Charles county, Mo. That was the memorable year of the
great overflow of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, by which
untold suffering and sickness were entailed upon the population.
In 1845, attracted by the rich lands in the Point Prairie, below
St. Charles, Mr. Johns settled there. St. Charles, at that time,
was a small, unprepossessing village, and many of its merchants
and citizens were struggling against financial ruin, which threat-
ened them on account of the stringency of the times. In 1846
Mrs. Johns died, leaving two daughters. There were a few scat-
tering farms on the Point Prairie when Mr. Johns-settled there, but
its prospects soon began to improve, and a number of enterprising
persons located there. Among them were Willis Fawcett, B. H.
Alderson, Abner Cunningham, John Chapman, Charles Sheppard,
and James Judge. On the 2d of November, 1847, Mr. Johns was
married to Jane A. Durfee, daughter of Rev. Thomas Durfee
and his wife, Ann Glendy, who was the niece and ward of Thomas
Lindsay. The ceremony took place at the old Thomas Lindsay
farm, near St. Charles. In 1849, Mr. Johns, B. A. Alderson,
Willis Fawcett, and John Stonebreaker bought the first McCormack
reaper that was ever brought to the State. This gave a new impetus
to the production of wheat in this great wheat growing county
In 1851, Mr. Johns removed his family to the city of St. Charles,
where they have since resided. He had a large family of thirteen
11

162 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

children, of whom ten are still living, four daughters and six sons.
Believing a cultivated and well trained mind to be more valuable
than wealth, he gave all his children a good education, and
those who are grown occupy honorable and useful positions
in society. Mr. Johns has been an Elder in the Presbyterian
Church since he was twenty-one years of age.

Keithley. — Jacob, John, Joseph, Daniel and Samuel Keithley,
came from North Carolina and settled in Bourbon Co., Ky. John
married and raised a large family of children, some of whom set-
tled in Texas and California. Joseph married in Kentucky, and
had but one son, John, who settled in Boone Co., Mo. Daniel
married Mary Mooler, and the names of their children were —
Joseph, John, Isaac, Daniel, Jr., WilUam R., and Katy. Sam-
uel lived and died in Tennessee. Jacob married Barbara Row-
land, and moved to Warren Co., Ky., where he died. His chil-
dren were — Absalom, Jacob, John, Samuel, Obadiah, Rowland,
William, Levi, Daniel, Absalom, Tabitha, Isaac, Polly, Eliza-
beth, Katy, Patsey, Sally, and one not named, making eighteen
in all. Daniel Keithley, son of Daniel, Sr., married a Miss Hos-
tetter, and they had a daughter named Kate, who was the largest
woman in the world, weighing 675 pounds. She died when
twenty-two years of age. (Children of Jacob Keithley, Sr. )
Abraham married Tennie Rowland, and settled in Missouri in
1806. He had four children, and was killed by his horse, on Cuivre
river, in' 1813. His widow afterward married John Shelley.
John married Polly Claypole, and lived and died in Kentucky.
Joseph married Elizabeth Burket, of St. Charles Co., Mo. Sam-
uel settled in the city of St. Charles in 1808. He was married
twice, first to Polly Burket, and second to Mrs. Nancy Pulliam.
He had twenty-two children by his two wives, and shortly before
his death he gave a dinner to his children and grandchildren, of
whom there were eighty-two present. He died in 1871. Row-
land was mari'ied twice. He settled in St. Charles county in
1816, where he remained two years and then moA'ed to Pike
county. William came to St. Charles county in 1812. He joined
the rangers under Nathan Boone, and served with them one year,
when he joined Capt. Callaway's company. He was married first
to Charlotte Castlio, who died in 1857, and he then married the
widow Duncan, who was a daughter of James Loyd. Mr. Keith-
ley is still living, in his eighty-fourth year. He had eight chil-
dren, four of whom are living, viz. : Mrs. Paulina Sharp and Mrs.
Elizabeth Wray, of St. Louis, Mrs. Ruth Savage, of Wentzville,
and Mrs. Adeline Ward. The names of those who are dead were
— John, Samuel W., Lucy, and Francis M. Samuel came to St.
Charles county in 1818, and died in 1862. He was married
twice, first to a Miss Owens, and second to Emma Wellnoth. He
ha.d six children. Absalom settled in St. Charles county in 1818.

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 163^

He married Cenia Castlio, and they had eleven children. Oba-
diah settled in St. Charles county in 1825, and moved to Texas
in 1869. He was married twice. Polly married Isaac Hostetter,
of Kentucky, who settled in St. Charles county in 1806. Eliza-
beth married Joseph Rowland, who came to Missouri and re-
mained one year, and then returned to Kentucky, where he died.
Katy married Peter Graves, and lived in Tennessee. Patsy mar-
ried Alfred Dithmyer, and settled in Illinois.

Kile. — George A. Kile was a native of Germany, where he
married and had two children. He then came to America with
his wife and children and settled in Maryland, where they had six
children more. George, the youngest son, married Nancy Mar-
shall, of Maryland, and moved to Kentucky, where he died, leav-
ing a widow and eight children. The names of the children were
— EphraimD., Hezekiah, Alexander M., Humphrey F., Lucretia
P., Susan, Stephen W., and Alfred S. In 1837 Susan, Stephen
W., and Alfred S. came to Missouri with their mother, and settled
in St. Charles county. Mrs. Kile died in August, 1872. Of the
children we have the following record : Hezekiah was married
twice. Stephen D. died a bachelor. Alexander was married
twice, lost both of his wives, and then went to Colorado, Hum-
phrey never married, and is still living. He once had a hen that
laid a square egg, and from the egg was hatched a pullet that
lived to be sixteen years old ; when she was eight years old
she turned perfectly white, and remained so the rest of her life.
During the sixteen years of her life she laid 4,000 eggs and
hatched 3,000 chickens.

KiBLER. — Jacob Kibler, Sr., a native of Virginia, settled in St.
Charles in 1820. He married Victoire Cornoyer, who was bora
in St. Charles, and belonged to one of the old French families.
Their children were — George, William, Jacob, Jr., Catharine,
and Louis. George died at the age of twelve years. Jacob, Jr..
married Mary L. Drury, who died in 1873. Mr. -Kibler has
been identified with the press of St. Charles during the greater
portion of his life. He was one of the founders of the Chrono-
type; also of the Democrat, one of the oldest German papers
in the State, now owned and published by the Bode Brothers-
Arnold Krekel, now Judge of the U. S. District Court, was editor
of the Democrat dui-ing Mr. Kibler's connection with the paper.
Catharine Kibler died young. Louis resides in Virginia. In the
early days of St. Charles, Jacob Kibler, Sr., was a Hatter and
dealer in furs. He died in September, 1875, at the advanced age
of eighty-five, his wife having preceded him to the grave by sev-
eral years.

Kenner, — In 1834 Rodman Kenner, of Virginia, came to Mis-
souri and settled near Missouriton, on Darst's Bottom, where he
lived one year, and then moved out to the BoonesUck road and

164 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

opened a hotel where the town of Pauldingville now stands. Mr.
Kenuer was a first-class landlord, and his house became a noted
resort during the palmy days of staging on the Booneslick road.
Col. Thomas H. Benton and many other well known and leading
men of earlier times, often stopped there ; and in fact, no one ever
thought of passing Kenner's without taking a meal or sleeping
one night in his excellent beds. Travelers always had a good
time there, and would travel hard two or three days in order to
reach the house in time to stay all night. Mr. Kenner made a
fortune, and died in June, 1876, in the 86th year of his age.
(See "Anecdotes and Adventures.")

LucKETT. — Thomas Luckett was a native of Maryland, but re-
moved to Virginia, and settled there. He married Elizabeth Doug-
lass, and they had ten children — John, Richard, Thomas, William,
"Nathan, Joanna, Nancy, Polly, Elizabeth and Ignatius. William
married Nancy Combs, daughter of Ennis Combs and Marga-
ret Rousseau, and settled in St. Charles county. Mo., in 1835.
He served in the war of 1812. He had six children — EhzabethD.,
Thomas H., Jane N., Gibson B., John C, and Benjamin D.

Logan. — Hugh Logan, of Ireland, was one of the pioneers of
Kentucky. He married Sarah Woods, of Virginia, and they had
ten children — Nancy, David, Ellen, Cyrus, Jane, Green, William
C, Harriet, Sally, and Dorcas. William C. settled in St. Charles
county, in 1829, and died in 1844. He married Sarah B. Bell,
of Virginia, and they had eleven children — Francis A., James F.,
Hugh B., Sarah W., Mary D., Samuel F., Maria E., Harriet J..
Helen P., Charles J., and William C, Jr. Green Logan married
Fannie McRoberts, of Lincoln county, Ky., and settled in St.
Charles county. Mo., in 1829. His children were — Sarah J.,
Anley M., George, Mary F., and Fannie G.

Lewis, — Joseph «Lewis, a Frenchman, settled in St. Charles
county during the Spanish administration. He married Nancy
Biggs, daughter of John Biggs, of Virginia, who also settled in
Missouri during the Spanish administration. They had one son,
James, who was born in 1806. He married Elizabeth Gross, of
Kentucky, and they had fifteen children. After the death of
Joseph Lewis, his widow married Edward Smith, and they had
four children — Randall, Frances, Mildred, and Lucinda.

Lindsay. — The original Lindsay family of the United States
sprang from seven brothers, who came from England before the
revolution. Their names were William, Samuel, James, John,
Robert, Joseph, and Alexander. William married Ellen Thomp-
son, of Ireland, and settled in Pennsylvania. Their children
-were — James, jane, Elizabeth, Samuel, William, Henry, and
Joseph. Henry Lindsay and his brother-in-law, Col. Robert
Patterson, who married Elizabeth Lindsay, were the joint owners
of the land on which the city of Cincinnati now stands. They

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 165

built the first cabin there, and dug a well one hundred and twenty-
two feet deep, when they struck a large walnut stump, and being
unable to remove it, and having become dissatisfied with the
location, they abandoned it. They were both in the battle of
Tippecanoe. Henry Lindsay married Elizabeth Culbertson, and
they had one son, William C, when Mrs. Lindsay died, and he
afterward married Margaret Kincaid, daughter of William Kincaid,
of Dublin, Ireland, who had settled in Greenbriar county, Va.
By his second wife he had — Ellen K., James, Nancy B.»
Preston, John K., Henry C, and Margaret J. William C.
Lindsay settled in St. Charles county in 1827, and died in
1861. He was married twice, first to Mary Hamilton, and after
her death, he married the widow Lewis, whose maiden name
was Maria Bell. Ellen K. died single in Kentucky. James died
in Lincoln county, unmarried. Nancy married Alexander Mc-
Connell, of Indiana. Preston studied medicine, and married Jane
Mahan, of Kentucky. John K. married Hannah Bailey, of
Lincoln county, where he now resides. Henry C. was also a
physician. He settled in St. Charles county in 1835, and died
three years after. Margaret J. married Dr. John Scott, of
Howard county. Mo. William Lindsay, Jr., was married in
Pennsylvania to Sarah Thompson, and settled in Pike county.
Mo., in 1829.

Lindsay.— Thomas Lindsay and his family lived in Scotland.
The names of his children were — Thomas, Jr., James, John,
Martha, Mary, Ann, and Jane. James was married in Scotland to
Charlotte Kettray, and came to America and settled in St. Charles
county, in 1817. His children were — WilUam, Ann, Thomas,
James, Jr., John, Agnes, and Isabella. Ann married John H.
Stewart, and settled in Carroll county. Agnes married Addison
McKuight, of Tennessee, who "settled in St. Charles county in
1817. His mother settled in Missouri in 1800. She was a very
brave and resolute woman, and killed several Indians during her
life. On one occasion she had a horse stolen, which she followed
forty miles, alone, found it and brought it back home. Mr,
McKnight was the owner of McKnight's Island, on the Mississippi
river. Isabella Lindsay married Nathaniel Reid, of Virginia,
who settled in St. Charles county in 1839. Mr. Reid was a car-
penter and contractor, and built the Insane and Blind asylums,
and Westminster College, at Fulton. William Lindsay died a
bachelor in St. Charles county. Thomas married Margaret Gar-
vin, and was drowned in 1841, leaving a widow and five children.
James was married first to Jane Black,, of Virginia, and after
her death he married the widow of Dr. Benjamin F. Hawkins,
whose maiden name was Sarah Fleet. Mr. Lindsay is an intelli-
gent gentleman, and we are indebted to him for many interesting
items of family history. John Lindsay married Mary Stewart, of

166 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Monroe county. Mo. Thomas Lindsay, Jr., settled in America in
1800, and in St. Ciiarles county in 1816. He married Margaret
Breckett, of South Carolina. John, son of Thomas Lindsay, Sr.,
settled in South Carolina, where he died. Ann, his sister, mar-
ried Peter Glendy, of South Carolina, and settled in St. Charles
county in 1817. The names of their children were — James, Ellen,
Thomas, Ann, and Andrew.

Lewis. — Joseph Lewis, of England, settled in Rock Castle
county, Ky., and married Sarah Whitley, the sister of William
Whitley, the noted Indian fighter. They had eight children —
Ruth, Sarah, Isabella, Mary A., Samuel, Joseph, Williani, and
Benjamin, Samuel, who was a brick mason, married Mary Day,
and settled in St. Charles in 1816, His children were —
Joseph F., Victor, Andrew, Samuel, Jr., Avis, William, Mary A.,
Margaret J., and Adeline. Joseph, William, and Benjamin, sons
of Joseph Lewis, Sr., settled in Palmyra, Mo. The children of
Samuel Lewis, with the exception of Andrew and Samuel, Jr.,
settled in St. Charles county.

Lackland. — James C. Lackland, a native of Montgomery Co,,
Md., came to Missouri in the fall of 1833, and brought his family,
consisting of his wife and nine boys. He settled first near Flor-
issant, in St. Louis county, but in 1835 he removed to St. Charles,
where he engaged in the saw-mill business until within a few years
previous to his death, which occurred in July, 1862, at the age of
71 years. Mr. Lackland was a model man and citizen, and made
friends of all who became acquainted with him. The names of
his boys were — Richard, James, Jeremiah, Augustus T., Benja-
min F., Eli R., Norman J., Henry C, and Charles M. Jeremiah
died the first year after the arrival of the family in Missouri,
sometime between his 16th and 21st year. Benjamin F. was
killed in St. Charles, at the age of twenty-one, 'by P. W. Culver,
who was intoxicated at the time. Culver was tried and sentenced
to the penitentiary, but was pardoned without serving his term.
Norman J. and Charles M. live at Mexico, Mo., the former
engaged in the mercantile business, and the latter in the cattle
trade. Eli is chief clerk of the Scotia Iron Mines, near Leasburg,
Crawford Co., Mo. Henry C. is a prominent attorney at St.
Charles. He was Professor of Mathematics in St. Charles Col-
lege from 1856 to 1859, and also taught classes in Greek and
Latin. He held the position of School Commissioner from 1859
until the oflSce was abolished. In 1875 he was elected a member
of the State Constitutional Convention for the district composed
of the counties of St. Charles, Warren, and Lincoln, receiving
almost the unanimous vote of the district. Only eight votes
were cast against him in his own county. He was one of the
leaders of that able body of men, and made an enviable record
for himself as a legislator and parliamentarian.

8T. CHARLES COUNTY 167

LusBY. — Thomas Lusby, of Ireland, settled first in Illinois, and
in 1800 moved and settled in Portage, des Sioux, St. Charles
county. He married Fanny Sdott, and they had one child,
Elliott, who was the first white child born in Portage des Sioux.
Elliot*' married Avis Lewis, of Kentucky, and the names of their
children were — Julia A., William W., Sarah, Margaret, Thomas,
Louisa, Mary, Ellen, Samuel, Fanny, and Joseph, and in addition
to these there weie three who died in infancy. When Mr. Lusby
was married he borrowed a dollar to pay the parson ; and, having
no horse, he raised his first crop of corn with an ox.

Lewis. — Capt. John Lewis and his wife, whose maiden name
was Peggy Frog, were natives of Ireland. They came to
America and settled in Virginia, and their son, Charles A., mar-
ried Judith Turner, by whom he had — Mary» Timothy P., Mar-
garet, Catharine E., Isabella S., and Louisa. In 1817 he removed
to St. Charles county and settled on "the point." Mary, the
eldest daughter, married Samuel Watson, and rode on his horse
behind him to their home, carrying all of her wardrobe in her lap.
Timothy P. died single. The rest of the children, except Louisa,
returned to Virginia with their mother, after the death of their
father. Louisa married William Ferguson, for whom Ferguson
Station in St. Louis county was named. The land was first owned
by Charles A. Lewis, who sold it for six dollars per acre, and
moved to St. Charles county. Mr. Ferguson gave ten acres of
the land to the railroad company, to secure the station. Mrs.
Lewis once saved her house from burning by having a churn of
buttermilk convenient. She kept some of her clothes in a large
chest, and one evening while looking through them with a torch
in her hand, the clothes caught fire, and they and the chest were
entirely consumed, and the house would have been burned except
for the churn of buttermilk, which Mrs. Lewis used in extinguish-
ing the flames.

MuRDOCK. — James Murdock was born and raised in Dublin.
Ireland, but came to America prior to the devolution, and took
an active part on the American side in that war. In one of the
battles in which he was engaged he. received a severe wound in
his heel, and died from its effects two years afterward. He had
seven children — Nancy, Grizey, Mary, James, Alexander, John,
and George. Nancy married James Clay, who settled in St.
Charles county. Alexander settled in St. Charles county in
1806, and married Mary Zumwalt. John married Lucy Grider,
and settled in St. Charles county. George married Catharine
Kennedy. James married Lydia Bell, and settled in Missouri
in 1808.

MooRE. — John Moore, who is still living in St. Charles county,
near St. Peters, in his 89th year, is of German parentage. His
father came from South Carolina to Philadelphia, and learned the

168 PIOKEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

hatter's trade. There he became acquainted with and married
Elizabeth Bobb, and they had three children — Thomas, Maria^
and John. The two former died in infancy, and John learned
the cooper's trade. He remembers well when Gen. Washington
died, and saw him frequently before his death, as he often passed
his father's shop. When John was twenty-one years of age he
went to Kentucky, and lived in Lexington two and a half years.
He then returned to Philadelphia, where he remained five years,
and then removed to West Virginia. In 1822 he settled in St.
Charles county, where he has since resided. He was- married
three times — first to Frances Dawlins ; second, to Margaret Mc-
Coy, and third to the widow Eller, who abandoned him soon
after their marriage.

McKay.— Patrick McKay came to St. Charles from Florissant,
St. Louis county, about the year 1825, and died in 1834, his
wife having died two years previously. Their children were —
Susanna, Margaret, and Gregory. Susanna became a member of
the order of the Sacred Heart, and remained such for thirty-sevea
years. She died in 186 L Margaret married Sir Walter Rice,
who held the various official positions of County Surveyor,
Recorder, Justice of the Peace, and Postmaster. He was also a
trustee of the Church of St. Charles up to the time of his death,
which occurred in 1859. Gregory died at the age of 21. His
widow is still living, in her 70th year; is healthy and active, and
bids fair to live to see many more years. She is well educated,
and retains her memory in a remarkable degree.

McElhiney. — Dr. William G. McElhiney and family, (at that
time four in number) came from Beriar, Hartford county, Md., in
1837. He bought a farm and settled on the Booneslick road, about
five miles above St. Charles, where he lived twenty years, and
then removed to the city of St. Charles. The Doctor was born
in Baltimore, November 15th, 1798, and retains a remarkable
degree of mental and physical vigor for a man of his age. He
graduated in medicine at the University of Maryland, in Balti-
more, and was soon afterward appointed Brigade Surgeon by the
Governor of the State ; he also held the same position in Missouri
after his removal. He was for many years a prominent leader of
politics in his adopted State, but of late has retired, in a measure,
from the political arena. He was elected by the Democrats^
to represent St. Charles county in the Legislature, his oppo-
nent on the Whig ticket being Wilson Overall. He was
one of the messengers that notified Franklin Pierce of his
election as President of the United States, and was a
delegate to the Baltimore Convention that nominated Rreckin-
ridge and Lane as candidates for President and Vice-President.
He has served as Curator of the State University at Columbia,
and was appointed by the Governor as one of the commissioners

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 169

to locate the State Insane Asylum. The names of his children
were — Martha M., Virginia, Cassandra, William H., James P.,
Missouri, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Henrietta, William J.,
Mary Julia, Robert H., and Emma. Martha, Cassandra and
Emma died young, and Virginia died at the age of twelve years.
William H. was drowned. James P. is a graduate of the Old
School University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and resides
near Cottleville, where he is engaged in the practice of medicine.
He married Edna Gaty. Missouri married Thomas Gallaher, who
died in 1867, at Minneapolis, Minn., where his widow now resides.
Georgia married W. W. Orrick. Florida married William H.
Gallaher, who died at Minneapolis two years ago, and she now
resides in St. Charles. Louisiana married Robert F. Luckett;
they reside in St. Charles. Henrietta married Lee Gaty, and lives
in St. Charles. Mary Julia married Edward S. Lewis, son bf Hon.
Edward A. Lewis, the distinguished jurist, and died in Augusta,
Kansas. Robert H. graduated in medicine at the Missouri Medi-
cal College, St. Louis, and is now practicing at New Melle, St.
Charles county.

McDearmon. — James R. McDearmon and family came to St.
Charles county in 1834. Mr. McDearmon was an educated man,
having graduated at St. Mary's College, Virginia. After his
settlement in St. Charles he became an active participant in the
politics of his adopted State, and proved himself to be an able
advocate of the principles of the Democratic party. The Whigs
at that time were in the ascendency, but his popularity, ability
and honesty were recognized by his political opponents, who re-
peatedly entrusted him with important public affairs. He was
Judge of the County Court, and in 1844 became a candidate for
the Legislature, but was defeated by the superior numbers of the
Whig party. The following year he was appointed by Gov. John
C. Edwards to the position of Auditor of State, which at that
time was designated as Auditor of Public Accounts. He held this
office until his death, which occurred in 1848. He had eight
children —Aurelia, John K., Thomas H., James R., Francis L.,
William N., Theodoric F., and Albert G. John K. has for
many years been prominent in the politics of his State and
county, and, like his father, is a staunch advocate of Democratic
principles. He was a student of the State University at Colum-
bia, but was prevented from graduating by the death of his father.
He read law at Jefferson City under General Monroe M. Parsons,
who was killed in Mexico by Mexican soldiers, since the late war
between the North and South. He finished his readings in the
office of Robert H. Parks, at St. Charles ; was admitted to the
bar, and practiced his profession for about two years. He was
Public Administrator in 1852-53, and is at present County Clerk,
a position to which he has been elected several times. His wife

170 PIONEER FAMIIJES OF MISSOURI

wsi.9 Lucy A. Orrick. Thomas H. McDearmon was elected
County Clerk in 1853, but died before he entered upon the dis-
charge of the duties of his office. James R. died in his 19th year,
and was at the time editor. of tae St. Charles Chronotype. Fran-
cis L. died in his 18th year. William N. married Laura Sigerson,
and lives in Kansas City. He is connected with the St. Louis,
Kansas City and Northern R, W., and is one of the Police Com-
missioners. Theodoric is a prominent attorney of St. Charles,
and his name has been mentioned as a candidate for Congress on
the Democratic ticket. Albert G. married Mary Ferguson.
Aurelia is a distinguished teacher, having been engaged in that
profession for more than eighteen years. The widow of James
R. McDearmon is still living, in her 75th year.

Murphy.— John Murphy, of Ireland, settled in Virginia. He
married Elizabeth Maling, of England, and they had three chil-
dren— Alexander, Nancy, and Travis. • Alexander moved to Ken-
tucky, and from there to Ohio, and died a bachelor. Nancy
married John Gaff, of Fauquier Co., Va. Travis settled in St.
Charles county in 1834, where he is still living, in his 95th year.
He married Sally Campbell, of Virginia, in 1799, and they had six
children- — ^Alfred, Eliza, John A., Rosanna, Julia, and William A.
Alfred lives in Georgia. Eliza married Richard B. Keeble, who
«ettled in St. Charles county in 1833. John A. died at Indepen-
dence, Mo. Rosanna married Henry Lawler, of Virginia, who
settled in St. Charles county in 1834. Julia was married first to
Humphrey Best, and second to John Overall, and now lives in St.
Louis. William A. died single. Travis Murphy was a soldier in
the war of 1812, and has never been afraid to stand up and
fight for his rights.

McAtee. — James McAtee and his wife, whose maiden name
was Ellen Montgomery, were natives of Montgomery Co., Mary-
land ; their parents came fronl Ireland. They had several
children, among whom were three sons, Elias, James, and
Ignatius. Elias married Henrietta Magruder, who was of Scotch
descent, and settled in Union Co., Ky. The names of their chil-
dren were — John R., Stephen T., Mary, Elizabeth, Rose, Teresa,
and Maria. John R. became blind, and died in Kentucky, un-
married. Stephen T. married Catharine Bowles. Mary married
Vernon Brown, who settled in Madison Co., Mo., in 1823. Eliz-
abeth married Benedict Wathen, of Illinois. Rose married
Walter Bowles. Teresa married Leo Bowles, and Maria died in
childhood. Stephen T. McAtee removed from Kentucky to Mis-
souri and settled in St. Charles county in 1834. Mr. McAtee
was prompt and reliable in all the transactions of life, and was
universally respected by all who knew him. He held the office
of Justice of the Peace for seventeen years, and died in 1863, at
the age of sixty-four years. His widow is still living at the old

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 171

homestead, in her 78tli year. Their children were — Walter P.,
Mary H., John P., James E., (the two latter were twins)
Stephen IL, Thomas J., Phillip C, and George A.

MoouE. — Zachariah Moore, of Maryland, was of English par-
entage. He married Elsie Born, and in 1810, with his wife and
eight children, settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., on the Missouri
river. The names of their children were — Elsie, Caroline,
Creene, Maria, Thomas, Harriet, James I)., and Elizabeth.
Elsie married James Gillett, and moved to Texas, where they
both died, leaving seven children. Caroline married James
Beatty, who lives in St. Louis. Creene married John Boone, and
they both died, leaving several children, Maria married Horace
Moore, her cousin. They died without children. Thomas set-
tled first in Texas, and afterward moved to California. Harriet
was married first to Mr. Dezane, and they had one child. After
his death, she married Cyrus Carter, and died, leaving two chil-
dren by him. James D., better known as "Duke" Moore,
married Catharine Ward, daughter of William Ward and Catha-
rine Frazier. The father of the latter owned the land upon
which the first battle of the revolution was fought. He joined
the American army and served during the war. Elizabeth Moore
married Horace Beatty, and settled in Morgan Co., Mo.

McCluek. — John McCluer was a soldier in the war of the
revolution. He married his cousin, Nancy McCluer, the cere-
mony being performed at the Natural Bridge, in Virginia. They
were of Scotch-Irish descent. The narhes of their children were
— Arthur, John, Nathan, Robert, Catharine, Jeannctte, Nancy,
and Elizabeth. Nathan married Jane McClenny. Catharine
married Samuel McCarkill. Jeannette married her cousin, John
McCluer. P^lizabeth married a Mr. Tedford. Nancy married
James Alexander, who settled in St. Charles county in 1829.
They had four children — John, William A., Agnes, and Elizabeth,
all of whom, with the exception of William A., who is a promi-
nent lawyer of St. Charles, removed to Virginia, and settled
there. Mr. Alexander and his wife died in St. Charles county ;
the latter in 1§33, and the former in 1835. Robert McCluer was
a physician. He also served as a soldier in the war of 1812.
He was married in 1816 to Sophia Campbell, a daughter of Dr.
Samuel L. Campbell and sister of Hon. William M. Campbell.
In the fall of 1829, he settled in St. Charles county, with his
family, consisting of his wife and five children — Jeannette C,
Samuel C, John A., Susan T., and Sally. Two other children,
Nancy and Robert, were born after they settled in Missouri.
Dr. McCluer died in 1834, at the age of 42 years, and his wife
ilied in 1866, in her 72d year. John, Susan* and Sally McCluer
died young. Jeannette married John B. Muschany, and had
seven children. He died in 186 1. Samuel C. married Lucretia

172 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

C. Fawcett, and they had ten children. Nancy married Rev.
Thomas Watson. They had nine children. Robert married
Ellen S. Brown, and they had eight children.

Meek. — William Meek and his wife, of Greenbriar Co., Va.,
settled in Woodford Co., Ky., in 1804, and in 1806 they removed
to Missouri, in company with David Kincaid and family. -They
left Kentucky on a flat-boat of their own construction, on which
they had their families, their horses, sheep, cows, hogs, and
household goods. The boat sank before they reached the mouth
of the Ohio river, and they then transferred their families and
household goods to keel-boats, and drove the stock through by
land. While Mr. Meek lived in Virginia, his mother, wife and
two children (James and Rebecca) were captured by the Indians,
but were rescued three days afterward by a party of white men
who had gone in pursuit. The Indians placed Mr. Meek's mother
on a wild young colt, thinking it would run away and kill her, but
the colt, seeming to appreciate the value of his burden, acted
like an old, gentle horse, and she was not hurt. Mr. Meek and
his wife had fourteen children, five of whom died young. Those
who lived were — John, Rebecca, James, Samuel, Sally, Polly,
Benjamin, Joseph, and Isaac. John was drowned in Kentucky.
Rebecca, James, Samuel, Sally, Benjamin, Joseph, and Isaac all
returned to Kentucky, where they lived and died. Polly was
married in 1807 to John Ramsey, son of Capt. William Ramsey.
They walked fifteen miles to the house of a Justice of the Peace
to be married, who performed the ceremony free of charge. Polly
Bryan, wife of David Bryan, who was an old lady and wore a
cap, acted as bridesmaid, while Henry Bryan, her brother-in-law,
officiated as groomsman. Mr. Ramsey was an invalid, and died
in 1815. He was compelled to make frequent visits to Kentucky
to consult his physician, as there were no physicians in Missouri
at that time, and his wife always accompanied him. These
trips were made on horseback, and they often had to swim the
rivers that lay in their course. On one occasion they were ac-
companied by David McKinney, Aleck McPheeters, and a Mr.
Crawford, and on reaching White river they camped for the night.
Next morning they all prepared to swim the river on their horses,
and McPheeters went first, carrying their bag of pi'ovisions, and
his saddle-bags containing his clothing, etc. The current was
very strong, and it carried away his saddle-bags and the bag of
provisions, and they had to go without anything to eat for two
days, as there were no settlements where they could obtain sup-
plies. After the death of Mr. Ramsey, his widow married Col.
Francis Howell, in December, 1816, who died a few years ago»
and left her a widow again. She is living at Mechanicsville, St.
Charles county, in her 88lh year.

McGowEN. — Henry McGowen, of Ireland, was a soldier of the

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 173

revolutionary war. He married Atha Ratcliff, of Maryland, and
they had six children — Daniel, Mary A., Margaret, Julia A.,
Henry, and Martha. Daniel served as a soldier in the war of
1812. He married Frances Corley, and settled in St. Charles
county in 1833. They had ten childien — Henry C, Sarah E.,
Arthur M., Daniel T., George I., Francis M., Polly A., Luther
A., James A., and Martha J.

Mallerson. — Thomas Mallei'son, -of Connecticut, married Amy
T^ewton, and moved to Alleghany county, Pa. Their children
were — Elijah, Elizabeth, Lucinda, and another daughter, who
married a man named Thankful Hays. Elijah married Miranda
Robbins, of Pennsylvania, and settled in St. Charles county in
1818. Their children were — Amy, Lucinda, Elias, Moses N.,
Abigail, Frances W., Thomas, and Walter P. Amy married
Michael Shue, of St. Louis. Lucinda married John C. Mittle-
berger, of St. Charles county. Elias, Abigail, Thomas, and
Walter P. all died unmarried. Frances W. married Nicholas
Ficklin. Moses N. married Margaret V. McCluer, daughter of
James A. McCluer, of Pike county.

Mackey. — James Mackey, of Scotland, came to America in
1776, when he was seventeen years of age. He settled in St.
Louis, and was the first English speaking white man who ever
came west of the Mississippi river. Mr. Mackey was well edu-
cated, and understood surveying, which secured him employment
for a number of years under the Spanish and French governments.
He was out four years on an exploring and surveying expedition,
accompanied by a Frenchman and three Indians, who acted as
chain-bearers and flagmen, and during their absence they came
near starving to death. In 1803. Mr. Mackey was appointed Com-
mandant of the territory of Upper Louisiana, with his headquar-
ters at St. Louis. At forty years of age he was married to Isa-
bella L. Long, who was in her seventeenth year. Her parents
came from Virginia to St. Louis in 1800. Mr. Mackey died in
1821, but his widow lived until 1860. The names of their chil-
dren were — John Z., Eliza L., Catharine M., Julia J., William
R., George A., James B., Amelia A., and Isabella L. John Z.
married the widow Kerker, whose maiden name was Maria Rob-
inson. Eliza L. married Reuben Coleman, of Kentucky. Catha-
rine M. married Louis Guion, of St. Louis. Mr. Guion's mother
brought a small trunk with her when she came to America, that
is now two hundred years old, and is in the possession of Mrs.
Thomas Chapman, of Montgomery county, Mo. Julia J. Mackey
married David Bowles. George A. married Fannie Miller, of
Jefferson county. Mo. William K. died in childhood. James B.
married Sarah Hall, of Franklin county. Mo. Amelia A. married
William A. Coleman, of Kentucky. Isabella L. married Simeon
L. Barker, of Kentucky, and their son, S. M. Barker, is now the

174 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

County Clerk of Montgomery county. Mr. Maclcey built the first
brick house in St. Louis. On the ISth of October, 1797, the
Spanish authorities granted him 13,835 arpents of land, lying on
both sides of Cuivre river, now in St. Charles and Lincoln
counties ; also 545 arpents in another tract, on the same river ;,
5,280 arpents on the Mississippi river, and 10,340 arpents in St.
Charles district. These grants were made for services rendered
the Commercial Company of the Missouri river, on a voyage of
discovery up that stream, made by order of Baron de Carondelet.
It was intended that the party should be absent six years, but
they returned in four, having exhausted their supplies. In addi-
tion to these grants, Mr. Mackey received 30,000 arpents of land
for his services as Commandant in 1803. This last grant em-
braced a considerable portion of land within the present limits of
St. Louis, and he donated a graveyard to the city, which is now
covered with valuable buildings. Mr. Mackey was a fine musician,
and brought with him from Scotland a violin and flute, both of
which are in the possession of his grandchildren. The violin has
been in use so long that a hole is worn through it by the friction
of the chin.

McCoy. — Daniel McCoj', for whom McCoy's creek is named,
eame to Missouri, or Upper Louisiana, in 1797, in company with
his brothers, John and Joseph, and his father-in-law, Henry
Zumwalt. In 1804 Mr. McCoy was commissioned Lieutenant of a
company of militia in St. Charles district, and served until the
close of the Indian war in 1815, when he was discharged. His
discharge papers were signed by Capt. Bailey, who was First
Lieutenant in Capt. Callaway's company before the death of the
latter. Mr. McCoy married Rachel Zumwalt, by whom he had
eight children — John, Frances, Sarah, Nancy, Elizabeth, Mahala,
Margaret, and Joseph. John died single. Frances married her
cousin, William McCoy, a son of James McCoy, who settled in
St. Charles county in 1814. They had ten children — Nathan,
Rachel, Susan, Lucinda, John, Elizabeth, Mary, William, James
M. and Frances. Sarah McCoy married Fred. Keishler, who settled
in Lincoln county. Nancy married John Cain, who settled in St.
Charles county. Elizabeth married Phillip Cannon, of St. Charles
county. Mahala married James Cain, of St. Charles county.
Margaret married James Tenney, of St. Charles county. Joseph
died a bachelor, in St. Charles county, in 1849. (Children of
James McCoy, Sr.) James, Jr., came to Missouri with his father
in 1814. He married Rachel Doty, and settled in Lincoln county.
Four of his brothers, John, Martin, Benjamin, and David, also
settled in that county. John McCoy, Sr., brother of Daniel, had
four sons — David, John, Joseph, and Timothy. David and John
settled in Texas. Timothy, usually called Tim, was an original
character, and we give some anecdotes of him elsewhere. He-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 175

married Sarah Van Burkleo, daughter of William Van Burkleo.

Morrison. — "William, James, and Jesse Morrison, were natives
of the State of New Jersey. William settled at Kaskaskia, Illi-
nois, and made a fortune merchandising. James and Jesse
settled in the town of St. Charles, in 1800. In 1804 James went
to New Orleans and purchased a hogshead of sugar, and as he
returned he peddled it out to the settlers, but had enough left,
upon his arrival in St. Charles, to supply the wants of the people
of that county for three years. Several years afterward he and
his brother bought the salt works at Boone's Lick, and operated
them for sometime. James finally bought his brother's interest
in the works, and the latter went to the lead mines at Galena,
Illinois. The two brothers married sisters, French ladies, named
Saucier, of Portage des Sioux. James Morrison had six children
— Adeline, Caroline, Frize, WiUiam, James, and another son whose
name we could not obtain, and who was killed by an accidental dis-
charge of his gun, the ramrod passing through his head. Adeline
married Judge Francis Yosti of St. Charles. Caroline married
William G. Pettis. Frize married George Collier. When James
Morrison courted his sweetheart she could speak only a few
words of broken English, and he could not speak a word of
French. So their courtship had to be carried on principally by
those glances of the eye which speak love from one soul to an-
other, and it would doubtless have been a very slow process if the
lady had not, with true French tact, brought matters to an im-
mediate crisis. When she met him at his second visit, she
blushingly inquired: "What for you come here so much? Do you
want to marry me? If you do, you must marry me to-morrow, or
there is another man who will marry me in two days." That
settled the matter, and they were married forthwith.

MiLLiNGTON. — Dr. Jerry Millington, and his brothers, Seth and
Ira, were natives of the State of New York. They settled in St.
Charles county at a very early date, and the Doctor was the first
physician that located in that county. Seth Millington settled on
a farm in 1818, and planted a large orchard. He also planted
mulberry trees, and procured silk worms and made silk. Ira
was a wheel-wright, and built the first shop of that kind in St.
Charles.

McNair. — David McNair was a brother of Governor McNnir.
He lived in St. Charles at an early date, and built the first ice
house ever erected there. He married a Miss Florathay, and
they had two children, a son and daugliter.

McPheeters. — Theophilus and Dr. James McPheeters settled
in St. Charles county in 1816. The former bought forty acres of
land near the city, and went to farming. He had two horses,
which he brought with him, and every time they could get out of
the lot, they would swim the river and go back to their old home.

176 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Mr. McPheeters was an educated man, and would farm during
the summer and teach school in the winter. He built a house
with a very steep roof, and the cone was so sharp that all the
birds that lit upon it had their tbes cut off. (We don't believe
this yarn, but anybody else that wants to, can.) Dr. McPheet-
ers went South to practice his profession.

Miller. — Judge Robert Miller and his brother, Fleming, of
Virginia, settled in St. Charles county, near Cottleville, in 1824.
They married two sistei's, named Simons. The Judge was a
staunch Democrat, and a shrewd politician, and represented his
county in the Legislature several times. He was also a good
farmer, and always got the premium on wheat. He had nine
children, three sons and six daughters.

McDonald. — Archibald McDonald, of Scotland, had four chil-
dren, two sons and two daughters. One of the sons, named
Donald, married Sarah Crittenden, of Hampton Co., Va., and
their son, Dennis, married Frances Orrick, daughter of Nicholas
Orrick and Mary Pendleton, of Virginia, by whom he had fifteen
<;hildren, viz: Donald, Elenora, Edward C, Lucy V,, Mary F.,
John W., Louisa, Orrick, Agnes, Glenroy, Scotland, Dennis,
Maud, and two who died in childhood. — John, a son of Donald
McDonald, married Elenora Tidball, and settled in St. Charles
county in 1836. Their children were — Anna E., James B., Lu-
celia, Frances, Gertrude, Edgar, Scott, and Elenora.

Nichols. — Rev. Joseph Nichols, of England, came to America
and settled in Pennsylvania in 1830, and in 1334 he removed to
St. Charles county, Mo. He afterwards removed to Warren
county, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1872,
in his eighty-fourth year. He belonged to the Missionary Baptist
Church, and organized a church at Mount Hope, in St. Charles
county, and one at Warrenton. He married Martha R. Cook, of
England, and their children were — Ebenezer, Reuben, Emma,
Rhoda, and Edwin. Rhoda married Frank A. Freymuth, of St.
Charles county, who is a native, of Prussia. His father came to
America with his family in 1834, and settled in St. Charles county.
The names of Mr. Freymuth's children were — Elizabeth, Clara,
Gertrude, Frank A,, Mary B., Frederick A., Joseph A., Theresa
A., Frances, Phillip, and Albert.

Overall. — Wilson L. Overall, Sr., of Davidson county, Tenn.,
was killed by the Indians. The names of his children were —
Isaac, William, Nathaniel, Wilson L., Jr., and Elizabeth.
Nathaniel settled in St. Charles county in 1797. He married
Susan Squires, and they had four children — Louisiana, Isaac,
Jackson, and Eliza. Wilson L., Jr., also settled in St. Charles
county and became County Judge. He married Mary Griffith,
and the names of their children were — Ezra, Daniel, William,
Samuel, Wilson, Asa, Richard H., Lucretia, and Mary. His first

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 177

wife died, and he was married the second time to the widow
Gould, by whom he had one son, Oscar. His second wife died,
also, and he was married the third time to the widow Patton, by
whom he had three children — Hannah M., John, H., and Eliza.
Elizabeth, daughter of Wilson L. Overall, Sr., married William
R. Miller, who was killed by the Indians while on a hunting and
trapping expedition, and his head was cut off and placed on a pole
by the roadside.

Orrick. — The parents of Capt. John Orrick were natives of
Virginia, but of English ancestry. The Qaptain was born at
Bath, or Warm Springs, Berkeley Co., Va., January 5, 1805. His
father was a planter, and he followed the same occupation until
he was thirteen yeax's of age, when he was apprenticed to learn
merchandising, at Reading, Pa. , where he remained nine years.
He then went to Lancaster, Pa., where he resided three years.
In the meantime he had saved a portion of his earnings, and dur-
ing the excitement in the Pittsfield coal regions he purchased,
with the assistance of his former employer, some property, from
the sale of which he realized a profit of $1,000 in the short space
of six weeks. He then removed to Boonesboro, Md., and, in
partnership with his brother, went into the mercantile business.
But their success did not meet their expectations, and in 1833
they sold out, emigrated to Missouri, and located in St. Charles,
where they resumed their mercantile business, and met with great
success. But unfortunately they made heavy advances to par-
ties engaged in the fur trade in the mountains, and in 1836, owing
to the low stage of water, which obstructed navigation, and the
hostility of the Indians on the upper rivers, they met with heavy
losses, and were compelled to suspend. Previous to this misfor-
tune Capt. Orrick had been elected Justice of the Peace, and in
1840 he was elected Sheriff of the county, on the Whig ticket.
At the expiration of his term he was re-elected, and served four
years in all. In 1844 the Whigs elected him to represent the
county in the Lower House of the State Legislature. At the
close of his term he engaged in farming, which occupation he
followed for about two years, and then went into the boating
business. In 1851 he took the United States census for St.
Charles county, and when the North Missouri railroad was built
he became one of the directors, in which capacity he served
about four years. Capt. Orrick was married in 1833, to Urila
Stanebru, of Washington Co., Md. One of his sons, Hon. John
C. Orrick, x-epresented St. Charles county in the State Legislature
two terms, and was chosen Speaker of the House the last term.
He is a graduate of St. Charles College, having received his
diploma from Dr. Anderson. He is at present a prominent attor-
nej' of St. Louis, and a leader of the Republican party of the
State.

12

178 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Pereau. — Joseph Pereau was born in Montreal, Canada, March
15, 1775, and settled in St. Charles, Mo., sometime during the
latter part of the Spanish rule. On the 13th of January, 1807,
he was married to Marie Louise Savoy, who was an only child,
by whom he had — Charles, Joseph P., Isidore, Catharine M.,
Mary L., Sulpice P., Alexander, Ursula M., and Eleanor M.
Mr. Pereau died of cholera in 1833. He possessed many good
qualities of head and heart, and is remembered with pleasure by
the older citizens of St. Charles. After his death his widow mar-
ried Mr. Lattraille, whom she also survived. Her death occurred
in 1847. Charles Pereau married Louise Dodier, and died a
month after. His widow subsequently married Mr. Lorain, and
she died about four years ago. Joseph P. married Martha Mar-
tineau, who died five years afterward. In 1833 Mr. Pereau, in
company with his brothers, opened a brickyard in St. Charles,
after which he spent twenty-five years in the employ of the Amer-
ican Fur Company, under the various firms of Chouteau, Sarpie,
and the Baker Brothers, at Forts Union and Benton, in the capac-
ity of Indian trader and ti'apper. He is now living in Richard-
son Co., Nebraska. Isidore Pereau died in his 17th year. Cath-
arine M. died in infancy. Mary L. married her cousin, William
S. Pereau, who came to St. Charles from jNIontreal, Canada, in
1831. They were married by Rev. Charles Van Quickenborn, S. J.,
under whose supervison the Church of St. Charles was built. ]Mrs.
Pereau and others were the last who received their first commu-
nion in the old log church, which stood on Main street, part of
the square being now occupied as a lumber yard by Holrah &
Machens, and which is well remembered by the older Catholics
of St. Charles. A portion of the square was used as a cemetery
in early days. Of that party of young communicants only three
are living, viz: ]Mis3 Louise Chauvin, (at present residing in
St. Louis), iMrs. lott, and INIrs. Pereau. The pastor at that time
was Rev. P. J. Verhfttgan, S. J., who died in 1868. He was closely
identified with the early history of the Church, and his memory
will ever be cherished by his parishoners. INIrs. P. was also one
of the first who was confirmed in the then new stone church,
which was torn down several years ago to make room for the
new, large, and handsome brick structure erected within the last
eight years by Rev. John Roes, S. J. Bishop Rosati administered
confirmation to the applicants. Sulpice Pereau died at the age of
twenty. Alexander married the widow of Holland Rice, whose
maiden name was P>liza Earl. In 1864 he went to California,
from Lexington, ]\Io., and is supposed to be dead, as he mysteri-
ously disappeared from his family and has never since been heard
from. His family reside in Oakland, Cal. Ursula M. married
Samuel J. Tyner, and died in Hopkinsville, Ky., in 1862. Two
of her children, Eleanor B. and Andrew, are living in St. Charles

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 179

county, the former having married Christy P. McAtee ; another,
Mary J., living near Grenada, Miss., married Samuel Harper;
Thomas J. is practicing medicine in Memphis, and Samuel is liv-
ing in Christian Co., Kentucky, also her other children. Eleanor M.
was married twice. Her first husband was William L. Earl, who
died in Lexington, Mo., in 1852. They had two children, one of
whom died. The other, James A., married the eldest daughter
of August Gamache, and resides in South St. Louis, Station B..
She was married the second time to Joseph Pourcillie, of South
St. Louis, Station B, where she now resides. Wm. S. and Mary
L. Pereau had six children — Thomas C, Priscilla L., Joseph H.,
William A., Mary U., and Chas. B. Thomas C. and Charles B.
died in infancy. Priscilla L. married Benjamin Parham, and
died in 1856. Joseph H. married his cousin, Martha P. Pereau.
During his youth he traveled extensively over California and Mex-
ico, operating in the mines. He subsequently returned to St.
Charles, and in October, 1871, in company with his brother,
William A. Pereau and William S. Bryan, established the St.
Charles Neivs. The following year he disposed of his interest in
that paper and removed to Nebraska, where he has since resided,
engaged in agricultural pursuits. William A. Pereau is well
known in St. Charles, from his connection with the various news-
paper establishments of that place. He was a soldier of the
"Lost Cause," and participated in a number of the hottest con-
tests of that war. In February, 1873, after having disposed of
his interest in the St. Charles News, he went to Texas and traded
in "long horns," and, in a financial point of view, got badly
"hoisted." Mary U. married Joseph McDonald, of St. Charles
county, and is now residing near Dawson's Mill, Richardson Co.»
Nebraska.

Pearce. — Gideon Pearce, of England, settled in the State of
Maryland, on the Chesapeake Bay, about the year 1675. He had
a grandson named Thomas Pearce, who was married three times.
The name of last wife was Ann Evert, by whom he had five chil-
dren— Gideon, James, Thomas, Jr., Elizabeth, and Bartrus.
Gideon, James, and Bartrus died in Maryland, unmarried.
Thomas, Jr., married Catharine Comegys, of Maryland, and
settled in St. Charles county. Mo., in 1820. They had ten chil-
dren— Anna, Maria, Elinga, Miranda, Caroline, William, Catha-
rine, Thomas, Matilda, and Benjamin. Anna married Cautious
Money, and returned to Maryland. Maria was married twice,
first to Richard Talbott, and second to Henry Rengo. Elinga
married, lived and died in Maryland. Miranda and Catharine died
young. William married Eve Baldridge. Thomas married Mrs.
Elizabeth Wetmore. Matilda married Jonathan Zumwalt. Ben-
jamin married Martha Camp.

Pitman. —The grandfather of the Pitman families of St. Charles

180 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

and Montgomery counties came to America witli the Penn colony
in 1681 ; but he afterward settled in Campbell county, Va. His
grandchildren were — "William, Thomas, John, and two daugh-
ters, Mrs. Hall and Mrs. Gill, whose first names we could
not obtain. William was one of the early pioneers of Kentucky,
on the Daniel Boone order. He lived and died in that State.
Thomas married a Miss Berry, of Warren county, Ky. , and they
had five sons and several daughters. One of the daughters, named
Rachel, married Christopher Hutchings, who settled in St. Charles
county in 1811. They had— Albert G., Beverly T., Christopher,
Melvina, and Nancy. Richard B., a son of Thomas Pitman, mar-
ried Lucinda Hutchings, and settled in St. Charles county in 1811.
They died- and left two sons, James M. and Andrew J. The
former moved to Quincy, Ills. John Pitman, a brother of Thomas,
settled in St. Charles county in 1810. He married Dorothy Rob-
inson, of Virginia, by whom he had three sons and one daughter
— Chriscopher I., Irvine S., Peyton R., and Mary I. His first
wife d)'ing, he was married the second time to the widow Burns-
Price, of Virginia, whose maiden name was Magdelene Irvine. She
bore him one son, David K., and died in 1830. Mr. Pitman died
in 1839, in his eighty-sixth year. Christopher, the eldest son of
John Pitman, died in infancy. Irvine S., was married first to
Nancy Talbott, daughter of Col. Hale Talbott, whose wife's
maiden name was Jane Irvine. After her death he married
Rachel Sweet. Mr. Pitman was a tanner by trade, and built a
tanyard on Massey's creek, in (now) Warren county. In 1821
Gov. McNair commissioned him Colonel of the 15th regiment of
Missouri State militia. He was also the first Sheriff" of Mont-
gomery county, and served as County Judge of that county for
several terms. Mr. Pitman was a good violinist,, and very fond
of dancing. Mary I. Pitman married Thomas D. Stephenson, of
Kentucky. David K. , now living in St. Charles county, was mar-
ried first to Caroline L. Hickman, of Clark county, Ky., who was
a daughter of Richard Hickman and Lydia Callawa3% His second
wife was Eliza H. Baker. Mr. Pitman has for many years been a
leading member of the Southern Methodist Church, and has filled
many prominent and responsible positions to the entire satisfac-
tion of his brethren. He has had much to do with the educa-
tional institutions of that Church, and his son. Prof. R. H. Pit-
man, Principal of the Methodist Female College at Fayette, Mo.,
is well known all over the State as an experienced and successful
educator.

Price. — Mike Price, a German, settled in St. Charles county at
a very early date. He married Nancy Weldon, and they had —
William B., John, Absalom, Miletus, George, and Allen. William
B. married and had but one child, a daughter, who married an
Irishman named Tim Sweeney. Rev. Thomas Watsou performed

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 181

the ceremony, and as soon as he was done, Tim pulled out his
pocket-book and paid the fee, before he had seated his bride. He
had provided a jug of good whisky, which he left on the outside,
and the marriage fee having been satisfactorily arranged, Tim
invited the parson out to take a drink, which he, of course,
declined. Tim vy-ent home that night without his bride, and came
back after her the next day. In about twenty years they had
twelve children, and Tim surprised the district school master one
morning by presenting himself at the door of the school house
with nine of them to be placed under his charge. He said he
would have brought three more, but their mother had n't finished
their clothes. They were promptly on hand next morning, and
increased the number of pupils to respectable proportions.

Pallakdie. — Pierre Pallardie is probably the oldest native-
born citizen of St. Charles county. He was born in that
county in 1800, and has lived continuously in the city and county
ever since. His father came to St. Charles at an early date, and
died on Peruque creek, twenty-five years ago. Mr. Pallardie has
lived at his present residence on Fifth, between Lawrence and
Lewis streets, for thirty-nine years. In his boyhood days that
locality abounded in deer, wild turkeys, and other game, and
a man could kill all he wanted, and more too, without exhausting
the supply. After he began housekeeping he frequently had as
many as two hundred smoked venison hams ahead of his imme-
diate wants, and often fed them to the hogs in order to get them
out of the way. The howl of the wolf broke the stillness of the
woods at night, and sheep-raising was a precarious business.
They also had black-tailed elk and a few bear. Their plows in
those days were made entirely of wood, and the only vehicle
which approximated a wagon was the French charrette, a two-
wheeled concern, with no tires on the wheels. Tar was unknown,
and they greased the axles with fiante de vache, and at a later
date soft soap. Mr. Pallardie is still able to do a day's work in
the harvest field, and he possesses great activity for a man of his
advanced age. His health has always been good, probably be-
cause he relied more upon nature to keep his system in tone than
upon nostrums and medicines. He remembers the following
physicians who practiced in St. Charles city and county during
his younger days — Reynal, Millington, Wilson, Stoddard, Gra-
ham, Twyman, Lay, and Watson. The latter came to St. Charles
in 1833. Mr. Pallardie has been married three times ; first to
Elizabeth Cornoyer ; second to Eulalie Sarie, and third to Sarah
Jane Cole. He has had twenty-one children in all, only ten of
whom are living. His first wife had two children, both of whom
are dead. A son of one of these children resides in Montgomery
county. By his second wife he had twelve children, four of whom
are living — Francis L. , August, Elizabeth, and John. Francis L.

182 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

has been in the Indian country for manj' years, and has made
frequent visits to Washington with delegations of Indian chiefs,
as interpreter. When last heard from he was traveling toward the
Black Hills. August is a broom maker, and lives with his father.
Elizabeth married Louis McDonald, and lives in Livingston
county. John resides at Colorado Springs. By his last wife
Mr. Pallardie had seven children, five of whom are living, the
other two having died in infancy. The names of the survivors
are — Sophie, Alberteen, Michael, Mary E., and George. Sophie
married Edward Deversia, and lives near Florissant, in St. Louis
county.

RiGGS. — General Jonathan Riggs, whose name has frequently
been mentioned in this \vork, and particularly as Lieutenant
under Capt. Callaway at the time of his death, was the son of
Rev. Bethel Riggs, a Baptist preacher, of Campbell Co., Ky, In
1812 he removed to Missouri, and settled within the present lim-
its of Lincoln countj-^; and in 1813 he organized the Sulphur
Springs Baptist Church. His son Jonathan married Jane Shaw,
of Campbell Co. , Ky. , and they had ten children — Samuel, Frank-
lin, Tucker, Clinton, Nancy, Epsy, Lucinda, Matilda, Eliza, and
Sally. Samuel was killed in Texas, by a runaway team. Frank-
lin died in Wisconsin. Tucker lives in California. Clinton lived
in Louisiana, Mo. Nancy married James Shaw. Epsy married
Eli H. Perkins. Lucinda married a lawyer, named Raymond.
Matilda married John Massey. Eliza married John Mitchell.
Sally married Daniel Draper. General Riggs settled in Lincoln
county, three miles north of Troy, on the Auburn road, where
he died, in 1835. His widow died in 1873, and was buried at
Louisiana, Mo. The remains of several of the children, who had
died and were buried in Lincoln count}', were removed in 1874,
and re-interred by the side of their mother's grave.

Rice. — An Englishman named Rice settled on the point in St.
Charles county nt a very early date, and started a large dairy.
His wife made cheese and sold it to the soldiers at Bellefontaine
Barracks, in St. Louis county. On one occasion, as she was
returning home after having sold her load, she met a Mr. Love-
land, a widower, who wanted to buy some cheese. She told him
she had just sold out, but her daughter had some, and if he
would go- home with her he could buy it. So he went along
and bought the cheese, and then courted the girl and married
her. The old gentleman often said, afterward, that that was the
most successful trip his wife ever made — she had sold all of
her own and her daughter's cheese, and found a husband for the
daughter besides. — Holland Rice, a brother of this girl, was a
farmer and cheese maker also, and had a happy turn of utiliz-
ing his resources. Being in need of a smoke house, he sawed
off a large hollow sycamore tree, about fourteen feet from the

ST. CHARLKS COUNTY 183

ground, and covering it with clapboards, had as neat a smoke
house as he could desire. He then built a shed room at the side
of the tree, which he used as a cheese house.

RA3ISEY. — Capt. William Ramsey, a revolutionary soldier, came
to Missouri in 1800, and settled on a small stream in St. Charles
county, which has since been known as Ramsey's Creek. He re-
moved from there and settled within the present limits of Warren
county, not far from the village of Marthasville. Capt. Ramsey
was at the battle of Yorktown, and witnessed the surrender of
the British army under Lord Cornwallis, and during the Indian
war in Missouri he commanded a company of rangers. He died
in Boone Co., Mo,, May 22, 1845, aged 104 years. He was
married twice, and by his first wife he had — Robert, John, Will-
iam, Jr., India, Elizabeth, and Peggy. Robert married a Miss
Smith, and lived near Marthasville. (A history of the murder of
his family at that place has already been given.) India married
Thomas Gillmore, who was a ranger under Capt. Callaway, and
present at his defeat. Elizabeth married Dabney Burnett. Peggy
and William married Bryans. John married Polly Meek, and
after his death his widow married Francis Howell.

RoBBiNs. — Prospect K. Robbins was a native of Massachusetts,
but came to Missouri and settled in St. Charles county in 1810.
He served as first Lieutenant in Callaway's first company of
rangers. He was a finely educated man, a good surveyor,
and taught school for a number of years in St. Charles county.
He was the first, and for many yeai-s, the only teacher of survey-
ing in that county. He subsequently removed to Ste. Genevieve
county, where he died.

RiCHEY. — John Richey, of Pennsylvania, married Cj'nthia
Mallerson, and settled in St. Charles county in 1818. He built a
small log cabin and covered it with linden bark, and sixteen persons
lived in that one little cabin. One summer they were all sick of
fever, and not one well enough to wait on the others. The names
of Mr. Richey's children were — Rosana, Emma, John, Thomas,
and Cynthia.

Robbins. — Thaddeus Robbins, of Pennsylvania, settled in St.
Charles county in 1818. He was a mill-wright by trade. The
names of his children were — Thaddeus, Welcome, Miranda,
Sophia, Moses B., Frederick, Abigail, Thomas J., and Samuel.
Thaddeus died single, while on his way to Pennsylvania. Wel-
come married Maria Mittleberger. Moses D. married Polly Best.
Frederick and Samuel died single. Abigail married David Mc-
Knight. Thomas J. married Elizabeth Ewing. Miranda married
Elijah Mallerson, of Pennsylvania, who settled in St. Charles
county in 1818.

Rutgers. — In 1801 Aaron Rutgers received a grant of 7,000

184 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

arpents of land, on condition that he would build a saw and grist
mill, and open a store on Dardenne creek, not far from where
Cottleville now stands. He built several mills before he got one
to stand, and was at a very heavy expense.

Redmon. — George W. Redmon, with his wife and four children,
emigrated from Clark county, Ky., in 1828, and settled in St.
Charles. He was one of the citizens who, in conjunction with
Nathan Boone, took the first steps toward incorporating the town
of St. Charles, and laying off the commons, which were leased
for a period of nine hundred and ninety-nine years. Mr. Red-
mon died in 1833, but his widow is still living near St. Charles, at
the age of 85 years. Their children were — John W., Thomas J.,
Permelia A., and Lucinda. John W. is an active business man,
and has acquired a comfortable fortune. He married Anna Mil-
ler, of Columbia, Mo. Thomas J. was a volunteer in the Black
Hawk war ; also in the Seminole war in Florida. He died in
1842. Permelia married Charles Wheeler, a lawyer, of Lincoln
county, where she now resides. Lucinda married Major N. C.
Orear, and died in 18&2. Major Orear was for many years con-
nected with the press of St. Charles, and was for a long time
intimately connected with the manufacturing and commercial
interests of the city and county. He removed to St. Louis a few
years since, and is now engaged in the real estate business in
that city.

Stallard. — "Walter Stallard and his wife, Hannah Pitts, were
both of Virginia. Their son, Randolph, married Mary BuUett,
of Culpepper Co., Va., and they had seven children — Susan,
Maria, Lucy, Thomas, Joseph B., Randolph, and Harrison.
Joseph B. was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Hannah
Johnson, and settled in St. Charles county in 1836. They had
seven children — Maria L., Mary E., Amanda M., Mortimer,
Adelia, Benjamin H. and George R., who died young. Mary
E. married B. H. Boone; Maria L., J. C. Luckett; Amanda M.,
A. S. Clinton ; Adelia, Col. Thomas Moore ; and Mortimer, Amy
Craig.

Shelton. — Capt. James Shelton was an officer in the war of
1812, and died in 1814. He married Frances Allen, daughter of
William Allen,' and they had — Nancy M., Pines H., Mary M.,
and James N. Mrs. Shelton and her children came to Missouii
in 1830. Nancy M. married William Frans, and had four chil-
dren. Pines H. was married three times, first to Rebecca Carter,
second to Mary Wyatt, and third to Mary Scales. He had ten
children in all. Mr. Shelton represented St. Charles county in
the Legislature several terms, and was in the State Senate four
years. He subsequently removed to Texas, and served several
terms in the Legislature of that State. He now lives in Henrj''
Co., Mo., and is an influential and highly esteemed citizen.

ST. CHARLES COUKTY 185

Mary M. married William M. Allen, her cousin. James N. mar-
ried Jane Carter, and removed to Texas, where he died, leaving a
widow and several children.

Smith. — A Mr. Smith and his wife, of Germany, settled in
Baltimore, Md., at an early date, where they made a fortune, and
died. Their son, John A. Smith, was a soldier of the revolution,
and became noted for his daring and braveiy. After the close of
the war he married, moved to Kentucky, and settled on Lick-
ing river, where he remained two years, and in 1799 he came to
Missouri, and settled in St Charles county. He had two sons
and one daughter — John A., Daniel, and Elizabeth. John A.
married Elizabeth Shelly, and they had — John A., Jr., Rebecca,
Job, Asa, and Daniel. Mr. Smith died of cholera. Daniel mar-
ried Elizabeth Hostler, and they had — Levi, Jesse, Isaac, John,
Mahala, Eliza, and Daniel, Jr. He was married the second time
to Polly Drummond, and they had one child, Duke Y.

Smith. — William Smith and his wife, Joice Humphrey, settled
in Montgomery Co., Ky., in 1790. They had — George, Daniel,
William, Jr., Henry, and Enoch. Mr. Smith's first wife died,
and he was married the second time to Mary E. Holley, of Vir-
ginia, by whom he had — John, Uobert T., Elkanah, Sarah,
Elizabeth, Mary, and Lydia. John married Elizabeth Lyle, and
settled in St. Charles county in 1819. Elkanah was married first
to Fanny Botts, of Kentucky, and after her death he married
Sarah Green, of Missouri. He settled in Callaway county. Mo.,
and built a wool factory in Fulton, in" 1826. Elizabeth married
Mieajah McClenny, an early settler and prominent citizen of St.
Chailes county. Sarah married Richard Crump, who settled in
Callaway county in 1820. Nancy married Ira Nash, of Boone
county. Henry came to Missoiiri and settled in Warren county
in 1831. He married Nancy Davis, and they had — George,
Mary, Salley, Nancy, Elizabeth, Owen, Maria, John D., Rebecca,
and William. George was a distinguished lawyer, and died in
Kentucky. Mary married Anthony Wyatt, of Warren county.
Nancy married James McCluer. Elizabeth married James J.
Smith. — The ceremony was performed by Rev. Dr. Smith, and
they had seventeen attendants, all named Smith. — Owen married
Eliza Post, of Callaway county. Maria married Hon. Henry
Abington. John D. married Susan Gizer. Rebecca was married
twice ; first to Grenade Harrison, and second to Thomas Travis.
She is a widow again, and lives in Warren county. William
married Elizabeth Wright.

Sullivan. — William Sullivan, of Maryland, married Susan
Simons, of Virginia, and their children were — Jerry, Charlotte,
Elizabeth, Virenda, Nancy, Davis, and St. Clair. Jerry served
in the war of 1812, and married Frances Collins, of Albemarle
Co., Va. They settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1825. Mr.

186 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Sullivan was a school teacher, and a member of the Old or Iron-
side Baptist Church. His children were — Harriet J., Susan F.,
Nancy E., Clarissa A., and Mary C. Harriet married Pleasant
Kennedy, of Warren county. Susan F. married Jesse E. Dar-
nell, of St. Charles county. Nancy E. died single. Clarissa A.
married Fielding C. Darnell. Mary C. married James Love, of
Warren county. Davis married Mary Summers, of Virginia, and
settled in St. Charles county in 1835. The names of their chil-
dren were — Frances, George, St. Clair, and William.

Stewart. — William Stewart settled in Green's Bottom, St.
Charles county, in 1798. He married Sally Howell, by whom he
had — Susan, John, Nancy, Francis H., Elias C, and Melcina,
all of whom married and became substantial citizens. E. C.
Stewart was Sheriff of St. Charles county several times, and was
a man of considerable influence in the public affairs of his county.
William Stewart had a brother named Jackey, who belonged to
the rangers during the Indian war; and on the day that Captain
Callaway was killed he and Jacob Groom were hunting and scout-
ing in the woods not far distant, when they were attacked by the
Indians, who fired upon them and wounded Stewart in the heel.
Botli of their horses were also wounded, Stewart's mortally, and
after running a short distance it fell from exhaustion and loss of
blood. The Indians were close upon them, and it was impossible
for Stewart to escape on foot, wounded as he was. But Groom,
with great generosity, gave him his horse, and they both suc-
<jeeded in escaping to Fort Clenison. A man named Dougherty was
killed by the Indians the same day, in the vicinity of Groom's farm.
Jackey Stewart married Lucy Crump, and they had — William,
Edward, Joseph, Coleman, Mary, Sarah, and George.

Scott. — Felix Scott, of Monongahela county, Va., settled in
St. Charles county in 1820. He was educated for a lawyer, and
represented St. Charles county in the Legislature several times,
and also in the State Senate, and was Justice of the Peace in Dog
Prairie for many j^ears. He was a great fighter, but never got
whipped. His son-in-law once challenged him to fight a duel,
and Scott accepted the challenge. They were to fight with
double-barrelled shot-guns, and Scott was not to fire until after
his son-in-law had discharged his piece. When the fight came ofi",
■Scott waited patiently until his son-in-law had fired, and then, in-
stead of shooting him, he laid his gun down, and gave him a good
pounding with his fists. In 1846 Mr. Scott removed to California,
and from there to Oregon. He was an ambitious stock raiser,
and exhibited some of his fine cattle at the Oregon State Fair, but
•did not secure a premium. Determined not to be beaten
in future, he went to Bourbon county, Ky., and purchased a herd
of blooded cattle, which he drove across the plains to Oregon.
But when he was within a day's travel of home, he was killed by

ST. CHAllLES COUNTY

187

a man who accompanied him, and his murderer ran away with the
cattle, and was never heard of again. Mr. Scott was married
twice. The names of his children were — Taswell, George,
Presle}^, Ilerma S., Nancy, Ellen, Harriet, Julia, Felix, Jr.,
Maria, and Marion.

Spencer. — George Spencer married Sally McConnell, of St.
Gharles county, April 14th, 1307. Their marriage certificate .was
the first that was issued in St. Charles district under the American
government. The ceremony was performed by Ebenezer Ayres,
a Justice of the Peace. They settled on the Salt River road, about
three miles above St. Charles, and raised sixteen children.
Robert Spencer, brother of George, was the first Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas for the District of St. Charles, receiving
his appointment in December, 1804. He lived on the point below
St. Charles, and in 1822 built the first brick house in that locality.
During the overflow of 1824, the water came up into the second
story, and not long after, the house was set on fire by lightning,
and destroyed. Mrs. Spencer was a very energetic woman. She
milked thirty cows, and made large quantities of butter and
■cheese for market. Wild cats and catamounts were abundant in
that region, and her cows would sometimes come home with holes
eaten in their shoulders by these animals. The names of Mr.
Spencer's children were — Robert, Jr., Harriet, William, Joseph,
Rebecca, John, Sally, and Maria. The girls were all well edu-
cated, and taught school. Maria was the only one that married.

SuBLETT. —William Sublett and David Swope, both of Ken-
tucky, settled in St. Charles in 1818, and put up the first billiard
table in that place. Sublett served as a Constable in St. Charles,
and afterward went with Gen. William H. Ashley on his Rocky
Mountain expedition. He had nothing but his rifle and a buckskin
suit that was given him by the citizens of St. Charles. He was
absent five years, and walked all the way back, traveling at night
and lying by during the day, for fear of Indians. Gen. Ashley,
•who had formed a strong friendship for him, fitted him out with a
stock of goods, and sent him back to the mountains, where he
made a fortune trading with the Indians. He then returned to
St. Louis and opened a large store, in cqmpany with Robert A.
Campbell. Sublett thought a great deal of the Indians, and
had a wigwam built in the rear of his store, where he maintained a
family of them during his life-time. He had no children, and
at his death he willed his property to his wife, with the condition
that it should belong to her so long as she did not change her
nanr.e. His intention was that she should not marry again, but
she afterward married her husband's brother, Solomon, and re-
tained the property vrhile she evaded the intention of the will.

Shaw. — Samuel S. Shaw, of England, settled in Philadelphia,
where he married Charlotte Wood, by whom lie had Samuel S.»

188 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

Jr., and John. The latter entered the service of the United
States Navy, where he died. Samuel S., Jr., married a widow
named Wilson, of Boston, whose maiden name was Ann B.
Thompson, a daughter of Aaron Thompson and Margaret David-
son. Mr. Shaw settled in St. Charles in 1819, and went into the
mercantile business in partnership with a man named Mechatt.
He died in 1823, and his widow continued the business for some-
time in partnership with Mechatt. She afterward married Dr.
Ludlow Powell, by whom she had one daughter, Ann, who mar-
ried Major Ross, of St. Charles. The names of Mr. Shaw's chil-
dren were — Charlotte W., John S., and Julia K. The latter
died young. John S. married Mary J. Elbert, of Lexington, Ky.

Taggart. — James Taggart, of North Carolina, was the father
of the following named -children — Sally, Anna, Elizabeth, Jane,
Richard, Andrew, William, and James. Sally, Richard, An-
drew, William and James came to St. Charles county at an early
date. The first died single. Richard married Margaret Johnson.
Andrew married Rachel Evans, and they had sixteen children.
William married Margaret Thompson, daughter of James Thomp-
son, and they had — Reason A., Sarah, Ann, Margaret, and
Franklin. Reason A. married Nancy Baldridge. Sarah was mar-
ried first to Elijah Goodrich, and after his death to Wm. M.
Mason. Ann married Creed Archer, of Warren county. Mar-
garet married Andrew Taggart.

Talley. — Dr. John A. Talley, although not one of the pioneers
of Missouri, is so well known, and has been engaged for so many
years in the practice of medicine and surgery in St. Charles
county, that a sketch of his life will not be out of place in this
connection. He was born in Cumberland Co., Va., June 5,
1813. At an early age he became well versed in the English
classics and the principal Greek and Latin authors, having been
thoroughly instructed in them by a private tutor at home ; and at
the age of seventeen he was sent to Randolph Macon College,
where, after a rigid examination, he was at once placed in the
advanced classes. He remained at this institution two years,
when he entered the University of Virginia, and graduated in
medicine aud surgery in 1840. Soon after receiving his diploma,
he was appointed assistant .surgeon at the alms house in Rich-
mond, Va., where he learned the practical application of the
theories which he had studied in college. He subsequently prac-
ticed a year and a half with his brother. Dr. Z. Talley, and in the
fall of 1840 he started, on horseback, for Missouri, followed by his
favorite pointer dog. He located in St. Charles county, and
boarded at the house of Col. C. F. Woodson, who resided a few
miles south of the present site of Wentzville. He soon gained a
large and remunerative practice, and during the sickly season of
1844 he was kept so constantly in the saddle that he could not

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 189

procure the requisite amount of rest, and came near sacrificing
his own life in his efforts to save others. In 1845 he married
Paulina C. Preston, a daughter of Col. W. R. Preston, of Bote-
tourt Co., Va. The Preston family is one of the miost distin-
guished and extensive in the United States, and from it
have sprung statesmen, soldiers and scholars of the highest
renown. Two sons resulted from this marriage, William P. and
Edwin. The former graduated in medicine at the University of
Virginia, and is now practicing his profession at Wentzville. Dr.
Talfey is advanced in years, but retains his mental and phys-
ical vigor unimpaired, and faithfully attends to his extensive and
laborious practice.

Taylor. — Richard Taylor, of Virginia, was a commodore in
the U. S. Navy. His son, Roger, married Hannah Fishback, of
Virginia, and settled in St. Charles county in 1818. His wife was
noted for being an extremely neat housekeeper, and as carpets
were not fashionable then, she kept her floors waxed. When gen-
tlemen came there on business or to visit her husband, she had
them take their boots off, and gave them slippers to wear while
in the house. The names of Mr. Taylor's children were — Lu-
cinda, James T., Sally S., Samuel, Matilda, Mary, Letitia, Caro-
line, Colby, Eleanor, WiUiam, and Jacob. Lucinda married
William Ross, who settled in St. Francois county. Sally S. was
married three times — first to Lawrence Ross, second to Frank
Taylor, and third to Dr. B, English. Matilda married Colburn
Woolfolk. Mary married James Clark. Letitia married Dr.
Daniel McFarland. Caroline married Robert Nusom. Eleanor
married George Parton. Samuel was drowned in McCoy's
creek.

Tayon. — Charles Tayon, a Frenchman, was commandant at St.
Charles for sometime, under the Spanish government. He had a
little farm just above town, which he cultivated with a yoke
of oxen, which were driven by an old negro named Larabe. The
yoke was tied to the horns of the oxen with rawhide strings, in-
stead of being fastened around their necks with bows, and they
drew their load by their horns. Mr. Tayon had one son and two
daughters. The Spanish government never paid him for his ser-
vices as commandant, and he finally went to Spain to see if he
could have the matter arranged ; but he neglected to procure the
proper credentials, and was arrested as an impostor and impris-
oned for three years. When he was finally released and returned
to America, his property had all been squandered, and he was
left a poor man.

Thompson. — John Thompson, of Pennsylvania, was one of the
early settlers of St. Charles county. He built the first two-story
barn that was erected on "the point," and used the second story
for treading out wheat. The floor was made of plank, which he

190 PIONEER FAMII/IES OF MISSOURI

sawed with a whip-saw, and it was laid so that the grain when it
was trodden out would fall down on the lower floor and leave the
chaff and straw above. He had several children, all of whom,
with his widow, returned to Pennsylvania after his death.

Van Burkleo. — William Van Burkleo settled near the junctioa
of the Mississippi and Missouri rivei's, in St. Charles county, in
1798. He was married three times, first to Nellie Fallice, second
to Mary Black, and third to Clarissa J. Gilderland, who was
younger than some of his grandchildren. Mr. Van Burkleo fol-
lowed the occupations of farming and horse-racing. The names
of his children were — Edna, Samuel, Sarah, Eleanor, Mary, Will-
iam, James, John, George, Joshua, Stephen, Elizabeth, Henry,
Rebecca, Harrison, and Lee, sixteen in all. Mr. Van Burkleo
was a ranger in Captain Musick's company, and was killed by the
Indians about the close of the war. (See "Anecdotes and Ad-
ventures.")

Walker. — Joel Walker, of Rockingham Co., N. C, was mar-
ried twice. His second wife was Sally Bass, of Ireland, by whom
he had two children, Warren and Benjamin F., both of whom
came to St. Charles Co., Mo., with their mother, in 1830, after
their father's death. Warren had married Mary B. Meyers, of
North Carolina, and they had — Robert A., Mary D., Sally A,,
Benjamin F., Warren W., Elizabeth A., Harriet U., and Charles
J. Benjamin F., the brother of Warren, married JuUa A. Mc-
Roberts, and they had George, Joseph, Milton, Henry, John,
Sally, Martha A., and liouisa. The mother of Warren and Ben-
jamin F. was married the second time to John Griffin, and they
had two children, Joseph and John.

Watts. — Samuel R..and George W. Watts settled in St. Chai-les
county in 1830 and 1834. Samuel R. was married twice, first to-
Sally Pemberton, and second to Lucy Sanders. George W. was
also married twice ; first to Martha Matthews, of Virginia, and sec-
ond to Paulina Ferrell. He died in Ralls county.

Watson. — Thomas Watson and his wife, Elizabeth Donnell, of
Ireland, had three sons — ^Thomas, Robert, and William. Mrs.
Watson having died, her husband came to America with his three
sons, and settled in North Carolina. Robert and William died
young. Thomas married Sarah T. Harris, daughter of John
Harris, a revolutionary soldier, and settled in St. Louis in 1837.
There he became associate editor of the Missouri Argus, and sub-
sequently purchased the paper. In 1842 President Van Buren
appointed him Postmaster at St. Louis, a position that he filled
for four years. He was subsequently appointed Land Agent for
the State of Missouri by President Polk. Mrs. Watson died in
1865, in her 73d year, and he died in 1870, in his 83d year.
They had nine children, five of whom survived their parents, viz :
Henry, Emily, Julia, Sarah, and Thomas. Henry was married

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 191

twice ; first to Miss Hay, of Tennessee, and second to Maria
Bergen. He resides in St. Louis. Julia lives in Mississippi,
unmarried. Sarah married John Jordan, of Pensacola, Florida.
Thomas has been a Presbyterian minister for thirty-two years,
and is one of the leading divines of that denomination in this
State. He is pastor of Dardenne Church, in St. Charles county,
which was organized in 1819, and was the first Presbyterian
church estabUshed west of St. Louis. Mr. Watson married
Nancy McCluer.

Watson. — Archibald Watson and wife were natives of the
northern part of Ireland. About the year 1789 they emigrated
to America, and settled in Pennsylvania, near Easton, on the
Susquehanna river, where Mr. Watson engaged in merchandising,
and where a town called Watsonville subsequently grew up. In
1802 the family removed to Erie county, and settled on a farm,
where they remained until 1819, when they came to Missouri.
The voyage was made on a keel-boat, which they launched on
French creek, and floated down that stream to the Alleghany
river, from thence to the OhiOj down that river to the Mississippi,
and then cordelled their boat up the latter stream to the town of
Louisiana, Mo., which at that time consisted of only half-a-dozen
log cabins. During that summer there were three hundred In-
dians encamped on a creek at the lower end of the town. The
following year Mr. Watson removed in his boat to St. Charles,
and purchased a farm about four miles below town, where he
resided until his death, which occurred in 182G. His wife died
in 1824. Their children were — Mary, James, Archibald, Jr.,
William, Johnson, Samuel S., John, and Mariha. It was Archi-
bald Watson, Sr., who kept the horses of the members of the
Legislature while that body sat in St. Charles. After the death
of his father, Samuel S. purchased the interest of his brothers and
sisters in the home place, where he remained and became a suc-
cessful and prosperous farmer. In September, 1826, he married
Mary A. Lewis, daughter of Charles and Judith Lewis, who at
the time was only fifteen years of age, and after the ceremony was
over she rode home on horseback behind her husband, carrying
her wardrobe in her lap. They remained on the farm until 1859,
and prospered far beyond their expectations. Having acquired
a comfortable fortune, they removed to their present beautiful
residence near Lindenwood College, in the city of St. Charles,
where they have since resided, enjoying the society of their
numerous friends, and the comforts of an elegant and refined
home. Mr. Watson has always been liberal in the support of
religious and educational enterprises. He is one of the incorpo-
rators of Lindenwood College, and was for a number of years a
member of the board of incorporators of Westminister College,
at Fulton, to both of which institutions he has contributed

192 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

largely. In 1865 he was appointed by Governor Gamble, one of
the Judges of the County Court, and at the end of the term he
was solicited to become a candidate for the same office, but
•declined, having no desire to mingle in the turbulent affairs of
politics. Mr. Watson was born in Erie Co., Pa., February 18,
1804, united with the Presbyterian Church at Erie, Pa., in 1819,
and was chosen an Elder in the First Presbyterian Church at St.
Charles in December, 1832, a position which he has held without
intermission since that time.

Wells. -^C arty Wells, of Stafford Co., Va., settled in Kentucky
about 1797. He had two sons and five daughters, and four of the
daughters married four brothers. The names of only four of the
children can be ascertained now, viz, : Hayden, John, Sally, and
Margaret. Hayden died in Kentucky, and left a large family.
John was married in Prince William Co., Va., to Anna Brady and
settled in Shelby Co., Ky., in 1810, and in St. Charlea^Co., Mo.,
in 1827. He settled at a place called Williamsburg, where he
was appointed postmaster, and died in 1837. His children were
— Carty, Jr., Joseph B., James, John C, Thomas F., Jeptha D.,
Helen B., Euphemia,~and Jane S. Carty, Jr., studied law and
became prominent in that profession. He was circuit and county
clerk of Warren county, became a member of the State Senate,
and was Circuit Judge for a number of years. He removed to
Lincoln county in 1839, and died in 1860. His wife was Mahala
Oglesby, of Kentucky, by whom he had nine children, viz. : Mary
F., Euphemia, Anna, Catharine, Richard H., James, Alfred C,
Joseph D., and Thomas L. Mary F. married Judge Samuel F.
Murray, of Pike county. Euphemia married William W. McCoy.
Anna married William A. Bevan. Catharine married Thomas
Hammond. Richard was married twifce, and removed to Texas.
James was a physician, and lived in Osage Co. , Mo. Alfred C.
married a Miss Sharp, and lives in St. Louis. Joseph D. married
a Miss Guthrie. Thomas L. never married. — Joseph, brother of
Judge Carty Wells, was also a prominent attorney, and was a
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1855. He removed
to California, and entered into the practice of law in San Fran-
cisco, in partnership with Judge Crockett. He subsequently
returned to Missouri, and died at Troy, Lincoln county, in 1858.
He never married. James Wells married Catharine Johnson,
daughter of Charles Johnson, who bought Colonel Nathan Boone's
place on Femme Osage creek. John C. Wells was a physician.
He married Catharine Carter, and lived in Troy. Thomas F.
married Martha Shelton. Joseph D. studied law, and died about
the time he began to practice. Helen B. married Richard H.
Woolfolk,, of Kentucky. Euphemia married John Snethen, of
Montgomery county. Jane S. married Solomon Jenkins, who
was an architect, and planned the lunatic and deaf and dumb

ST. CHAKLES COUNTY 19i3

asylums and Westminster College, located at Fulton, Missouri.

WooTON. — Mr. Wooton, of Kentucky, married Miss Marion of
that State, and settled in St. Charles county In 1816. They had
four children — Marion, Elijah, John, and Elizabeth. Elizabeth
married Calvin Gunn, and their daughter, Mary, married ex-
Gov. B. Gratz Brown.

White. — Jacob White, of Kentucky, married a Miss Stone, and
settled in the town of St, Charles in 1816. He was a great bee
raiser, and had an idea that no one could be successful in that
business unless he stole a swarm to commence with. One of his
neighbors wanted to purchase a swarm from him one day, but
White told him that thej^ would do him no good unless he stole
them. The man took him at his word, and stole the bees that
night, but they stung him nearly to death as he was carrying them
home. Mr. White had four children, all daughters, whose names
were^ — Harriet, Angeline, Elizabeth, and Mary. They all remained
single except Elizabeth, who married Mr. Whitney, of Boston,
who settled in St. Charles and opened a shoe store at an early
date. Their children were — William F., Martha E., and Frank
W. William F. married a daughter of Hon. A. H. Buckner,
member of Congress from the thirteenth district. Martha E.
married Hon. A. H. Edwards, at present a member of the Mis-
souri State Senate.

YosTi. — The father of Judge Francis Yosti, of St. Charles,
whose name was Emelieu Yosti, was a native of Italy. He came
to St. Louis with some Spanish troops sometime during the latter
part of the eighteenth century, and engaged in the mercantile
business. He possessed only a limited capital, but by persever-
ance and tact he accumulated a fortune. He married Theotes
Duran, a daughter of one of the old French families of St. Louis,
by whom he had six children. The first court in the Territory of
Missouri, under the American government, was held in his house ;
and at one of its sessions a murderer named John Long was con-
victed and sentenced to death. Mr. Yosti died in 1812, and his
wife in 1824. Francis Yosti, the eldest child, was born in St.
Louis on the 7th of August, 1798. He settled in St. Charles in
1829, and married Emily Adeline Morrison. He subsequently
engaged in the mercantile business with a Mr. MorHson, at Frank-
lin, in Howard county, where they remained one year. They
then loaded their goods into wagons, and started across the
plains to Santa Fe, New Mexico. They made the trip in ninety
days, and immediately opened their goods and went into busi-
ness. The following year Mr. Yosti returned to Missouri, but
went back to Santa Fe the next spring. During that summer
they disposed of their stock of goods, and Mr. Yosti, in company
with nine others, started back to Missouri. They took the south-

13

194 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ern route clown the Arkansas river, in order to avoid the cold of
■a. northern latitude, and when near the confluence of the Mex-
quite and Canadian, rivers, they were attacked by about 150 In-
dians. Two of the party and all their horses were killed, but the
bodies of the latter were piled in a circle and afforded a safe
breast-work, behind which the survivors gallantly withstood the
assaults of the overwhelmning numbers of the enemy. They killed
and wounded a large number of their assailants, and when night
came on they succeeded in making their escape, but were com-
pelled to abandon all their property, and travel with empty guns,
as they had expended all their ammunition in their defence.
They traveled seventeen days on foot, through swamps, and over
hills and rocks, with nothing to eat but roots, bark, and sumac
buds. Finally, when nearly exhausted and almost famished,
they heard firing on the opposite side of the Arkansas river,
which they had followed into the Indian Territory. They
rightly conjectured that they were in the midst of friendly In-
dians, and hastily constructing a raft, thej'^ crossed the river
and made their presence known. The Indians received them
in the most friendly manner, and kindly cared for them sev-
eral days, until their strength was sufficiently restored to resume
their journey, when they furnished them with ponies and accom-
panied them to Fort Gibson, where they embarked on a boat for
St. Louis. Mr. Yosti located in St. Charles in 1834, and again
engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was also interested >in the
milling business with George Collier. In 1857 he began to deal
in grain, in company with Capt. John Orrick, and continued in
that business for sixteen years. He then retired to private life,
and now enjoys the fruits of his labors in his elegant home, sur-
rounded by his cultivated and intelligent family. The names of
his children were — Virginia, James M., Emily Jane, William,
Euphrasia, and Mary. Emily Jane and William were twins.
Virginia died in. childhood, and James M. died at the age of
twenty-five years. Emily Jane married John K. Lintz, and Mary
married John A. Keller. Mr. Yosti was Judge of the County
Court during six years of his life.

YoiTNG. — William Young, of England, came to America and
settled in Halifax county, Va. He served as a soldier in the-
American army during the revolutionary war. He married Eliz-
abeth Stegale, and they had — Archibald, Marland. Milton, Pey-
ton, Wiley, Samuel, Frances, and Judith. Archibald, Marland,
and Milton fought in the revolutionary war. The former mar-
ried and settled in Kentucky, and the two latter in Smith Co.,
Tenn. Samuel died in Virginia, and Wiley settled in East Ten-
nessee. Frances and Judith married and lived in Virginia. Pey-
ton married Elizabeth Oglesby, and they had — Celia, George,
Nancy, Oglesby, William, Peyton, Elizabeth, and Araminta.

ST. CHAULES COUNTY 195

Oglesby settled in St. Cliarles county in 1829. He married Jane
Love, daughter of Robert Love and Esther Bevan.

ZuMWALT. — Jacob Zumwalt, of Germany, emigrated to Amer-
ica, and settled first in Pennsylvania, where the town of Little
York now stands. He purchased the land upon which the town
was subsequently built, and erected a cabin upon it. Being af-
flicted with a cancer, he removed to Virginia, where he could ob-
tain medical aid, and settled on the Potomac, not far from
Georgetown. But he grew worse instead of better, and soon
died. In the meantime the deed to his land in Pennsylvania had
been destroyed, and his children lost what would have been a
princely fortune to them. This valuable paper was lost in a
rather singular manner. One of the girls, wliile hunting about
the house for a piece of pasteboard to stiffen her new sun-bonnet,
found the. deed, and, being unable to read, she supposed it
was some useless piece of old paper, and used it in her bonnet.
The deed had never been recorded, and therefore could not be
restored, and the heirs to the property never succeeded in estab-
lishing their title. Mr. Zumwalt was married twice. By his first
wife he had — Henry, George, Dolly and Lizzie ; and by his second
he had — Christopher, Jacob, John, Adam, Andrew, and Catha-
rine. Christopher and Jacob settled in St. Charles county, on
Peruque creek, in 1796, and in 1798 Jacob built the first hewed
log house that was ever erected on the north side of the Missouri
river. It is still standing, on land owned by Mr. D. Heald, about
one and a half miles northwest of O'Fallon Station, on the St.
Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railway. The house was used
as a fort during the Indian war, and often as many as ten families
found shelter within its walls at the same time. The first Metho-
dist sacrament in Missouri was administered in this house, by
Rev. Jesse Walker, in 1807. The wine was made by Mrs. Zum-
walt and Mrs. Col. David Bailey, from the juice of polk berries,
sweetened with maple sugar ; and for bread they used the crusts
of corn bread. Adam Zumwalt came to Missouri in 1797. He
placed his family and $800 worth of goods, with his stock, con-
sisting of 30 head of cattle, 11 sheep, and 12 horses, on board a
flat-boat, and came down the Ohio and up the Mississippi river to
St. Charles county with his clumsy craft. He settled near the
present town of Flint Hill, where he erected two still houses and
made 'whisky to sell to the Indians, who were camped near his
place. The great chief Black Hawk made his home at Mr. Zum-
walt's for sometime, and was a regular and frequent visitor until af-
ter the commencement of hostilities between the whites and the In-
dians. He often-danced with Mr. Zumwalt's daughters, and was
so fond of his whisky that he frequently became very drunk ; but
he never caused any disturbance or acted In an ungentlemanly
manner. In very cold weather the whisky would freeze and be-

196 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

come solid ice, in which state it was sold to the Indians by the
cake, and they often bought as much as a |100 worth in a single
day. Mr. Zumwalt was a friend of the preachers, and whenever
they came into the neighborhood they held services in his house.
Rev. Jesse Walker and a German minister named Hostetter
preached there as early as 1800. During the Indian war Mr.
Zumwalt's family took shelter in Pond Fort, while he and his son
Jonathan remained at home to protect the property and prevent
the Indians from destroying it. Jonathan had learned to use his
gun when only five years of age, and was as quick and accurate
a marksman as could be found in the country. When he was six
years old he killed a large buck, which plunged about so in its
death agonies that he became frightened and ran home, and lost
his gun in the woods. On one occasion the Indians crossed the
Mississippi river on the ice, and murdered an entire family of
twelve persons, who lived near Mr, Zumwalt's place. He assisted
in burying them. The bodies were wrapped in quilts and buried
under the house, in a place that had been used as a cellar. The
Indians burned the house soon after, and the bodies were de-
voured by the flames. On another occasion an Indian chief died
at Mr. Zumwalt's house, and was buried with a loaf of bread in
one hand and a butcher-knife in the other, and his dog was killed
and buried at his feet. These preparations were made in order
that when he reached the happy hunting grounds he would have
something to eat, and a dog to find game for him. The names of
Mr. Zumwalt's children were — John, Elizabeth, Andrew, Rachel,
Mary, Catharine, Jonathan, and Solomon. —John Zumwalt, a
brother of Adam, settled on Darst's Bottom, in St. Charles
county, in 1806. The names of his children were — George, John,
Barbara, Mary, Elizabeth, Adam, Andrew, Jacob, Henry, and
William. — Andrew Zumwalt was a devoted Methodist, but his
three daughters joined the Baptist Church, and their mother said
she was glad of it. But the old gentleman was very angry, and
said he hoped, now that his family was divided among the
churches, that some of them would find the right one and get to
heaven, and be contented when they got there, and not want to
go somewhere else. — There were five Jacobs in the different
Zumwalt families, and they were distinguished as Big Jake, Little
Jake, Calico Jake, St; Charles Jake, and Lying Jake.

OTHER FAMILIES OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.

The following additional histories of families in St. Charles
county were obtained after the preceding pages of this work had
gone to press.

Alexander.— The Alexanders were among the early Colonial
settlers. They located in Virginia prior to the revolution, and
John Alexander, the first of whom we have any definite record,
was an officer of the American army during the struggle for inde-
pendence. His son, James H., who who was a Virginia fanner,
came to Missouri in the fall of 1829, and settled on a farm in the
lower part of Dardenne Prairie, where he resided until his death,
which occurred in 1836. His wife died in 1833. They left four
children, two sons and two daughters, the latter being the younger.
One of the sons, William Archibald, better known by the familiar
name of Arch, was twelve years of age when his father died, hav-
ing been born in Rockbridge Co., Va., June 15, 1824. He was
taken back to Virginia by a family of relatives, and educated for
the legal profession. He devoted three years to study in the liter-
ary department of Washington College, now Washington and Lee
University, when he returned to St. Louis and entered the law
oflSce of Spaulding & Tiffney, as a student. The following j^ear
he was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of his profes-
sion in the office of Hon. Wm. M. Campbell, where he remained
until the death of the latter. He then returned to Virginia and
spent a year in traveling through the South, when he came back to
Missouri and located in St. Charles. There he met with marked
success, and was soon elected Public Administrator. He was
subsequently elected to the oflflice of Commissioner of Public
Schools, and in 1870 was chosen Mayor of the city of St.
Charles, an office which he filled with great credit to himself and
to the satisfaction of his constituents. In 1872 he was elected
Prosecuting Attorney of the county, and was re-elected in 1874.
He possesses a pleasant address, a fine flow of language, a hand-
some personal appearance, and is universally popular. He was
married December 10, 1861, to Agnes BehrenSi daughter of Dr.
Henry and Bertha Behrens, of St. Charles.

Anderson. — Robert A. Anderson, of Kentucky, settled in St.
Charles Co., Mo., in 1838. His wife wiis Rachel Givens, of Ken-
tucky, by whom he had — Harriet J., Margaret A., America, Alex-
ander G., and Sarah L. Sarah and Margaret married Preston B.
Scott, at present of St. Louis. America married Alcana Delana

198 PIONEER yAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Fortunatus Fleming Trout, of Warren county, who was noted for
bis unusually numerous names and eccentric disposition. Major
A. G. Anderson was mai-ried in Vernon county, to Mary Roberts,
and they now live in St. Louis. He was a Major in the famous
First Missouri Brigade, on the Confederate side, during the late
war, and is well known all over the State. He is a man of fine
add less and more than ordinary ability.

Atkinson. — John Atkinson moved from Louisville, Kentucky,
and settled in St. Charles about the year 1843. Prior to that time
he was extensively engaged with his brother in the milling busi-
ness at Louisville, Ky., and Richmond, Va. He bought the large
stone mill on the river bank in St. Charles, from George Collier,
and operated i^ successfully for many years. The flour manufac-
tured by him attained a high reputation, in the South and in New
York and Liverpool ; and it might be said with propriety that he
was one of the first millers in the West who helped establish the
reputation of St. Louis and St. Charles flour, and gave it that high
standing it has since enjoyed, both at home and abroad. Cotem-
porary with him, were Edward Walsh, A. W. Fagin and Dennis
Marks, pi'ominent millers of St. Louis, who, with him, may be said
to have been the founders of the present immense milling business
St. Louis and St. Charles ; an interest that has grown to such
gigantic proportions and which has contributed so largely to the
wealth and commercial prosperity of the two localities. About
1850 Mr. Atkinson purchased a large mill in Pekin, Ills., intending
to carry on both establishments, and had just completed thorough
and extensive repairs on the property, when it was destroyed by
fire, inflicting on him a severe loss from which he never fully recov-
ered. He returned to St. Charles, and operated the mill there till
about the breaking out of the war, after which he did not again
engage in active business. During his business life in St, Charles
his operations were on a large scale, and gave employment to a
great number of men in his mill and in connection with it. He
was one of the most prominent and highly esteemed citizens of the
place, and his memory is ^leld in kind remembrance by the older
people here, who knew him, and esteemed him in the highest
degree for his sterling qualities as an upright, honorable business
man, and for his genial and social traits. He married his first
wife, Virginia Davidson, of Petersburg, Va., in Louisville, Ky.
She bore him eight children, of whom only three are living — Rob-
ert and John, well known and prominent merchants of St.
Charles, and Virginia, wife of E. E. Chase, Esq., an extensive
hai'dware merchant of Edina, Missouri. His second wife, for-
merly Miss Lockwood, of Binghampton, N. Y., survives him.
Mr. Atkinson was a gentleman of the old school, with the strict-
est sense of honor, a man of warm and generous impulses, chari-
table and kind hearted. He was a public sjDirited citizen, con-

ST. CHARLES COUNTY

199

tributing liberally to all deserving enterprises, and taking a warm
interest in all undertakings tending to advance the' interests of
his section of the country. He was one of the original projec-
tors and a strong friend of the liTorth Missouri Railroad, and lent
his aid and influence toward securing its success.

Barada. — Louis Barada was born in St. Louis, and settled with
his parents in St. Charles about the year 1800, where he resided
during the rest of his life. He died in March, 1852, and his wife
died in February, 1873. Mr. Barada followed various occupa-
tions, but devoted most of his time to the butchering business and
milling. He assisted in the building of the famous old stone flour-
ing mill, in which he at one time owned an interest. He also
helpedtobuild the old stone Catholic church, and was one of its
trustees for manj' years, serving in that capacity until his death.
He married Ellen Gagnon, by whom he had eleven children— Louis,
Jr., Danaciene, Louise, AnnN., Mary, Pierre, Benoist, Ellen, John
B. , Lucille and Eulalie. Louis, Jr. , Danaciene, Benoist and Eulalie
died in childhood, and Pierre died at the age of ten years.
Louise married David Knott, who died in St. Louis in 1848.
His widoT still resides in that city. Ann N. married AntoineLe-
Faivre, who died in 1853 ; she is still living. Mary married Charles
Cornoyer, who died in St. Louis in 1871, and his widow still
resides there. Ellen was married twice ; first to John LeFaivre,
who died two years afterward, and she subsequentl}"^ married Joseph
Widen, who died from injuries received from the explosion of the
steamer George C. Wolf. His widow lives in St. Louis. John
B. was clerk on the steamer Robert^ and died in St. Louis of Yel-
low fever, contracted in New Orleans. Lucille married Lucien
F. LaCroix, and died in St. Louis in 1863. Mr. LaCroix married
again, and is living in Helena, Montana, publishing the Daily In-
dependent.

BoYSE. — Matthew R. Boyse was born in Wexford Co., Ireland,
in 1788. In 1814 he married Ann CuUin, and in 1825 they emi-
grated to the United States. They settled first in Wheeling, Va.,
but came to St. Louis, Mc, in 1827. In 18^7 they removed to St.
Charles, but returned to St. Louis in 1843, where they resided
the rest of their lives. Mr. Boyse died December 25, 1864, and
his widow die;l in 1874, aged 79 years. They had fifteen children,
of whom the following lived to be grown — Mary, Ellen, John,
Clement, Martin, Ann, Matthew, Jane and William. Mary mar-
ried Samuel Maxwell, of St*. Louis, and died in 1872. Ellen mar-
ried Daniel Emerson, of Dog Prairie, St. Charles county. John
married Mrs. McKinney, whose maiden name was Celeste Cornoyer,
and died in 1868. Clement married Martha A. Drury. Martin
married Johanna Casey, of Washington county. Ann married
JMichael McGuire, of St. Louis. Matthew married Ellen Murphy,

200 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

of St. Louis, and died in 1857. Jane married John O'Brien, of
Lincoln county. William married Susan E. Drury.

Cunningham. — Col. Thomas W. Cunningham came to St.
Charles, from Virginia, in 1830, His life has always been
governed by motives of purity and honesty, and there is no
man in the county or State who enjoys the esteem and respect of
his fellow-citizens in a higher degree than Colonel Cunningham.
Public duties entrusted to him have been as faithfully and care-
fully attended to as if they were his own private aifairs ; and it can.
be truly said of him that he has never shirked a responsibility or
evaded a duty. He is now in his 77th year, has laid aside the
cares of business, and enjoys himself in the society of his family
and the companionship of his books. He has been a close student
for many years, and his library is one of the rarest in the county.
The first civil office to which the Colonel was elected was that of
Public Surveyor of St. Charles county, a position which he filled
for a number of years in the most satisfactory manner. He was
subsequently chosen Mayor of the city of St. Charles, and made
one of the best executive officers the city ever had. During the
Black Hawk war he served as Colonel of a regiment, and retained
his sword until the late war between the North and South, when
he was forced to reluctantly surrender it to the military authori-
ties. Colonel Cunningham married Elizabeth A. Christman, of
Lincoln county, and they had six children — Josepha, Theresa,
Henry A., John C, Thomas S., andBe.ttie Barr. Josepha married
J. H. Aikin of Virginia, and at present resides in Warren county,
Missouri. Theresa and Bettie Barr died in infancy. Henry A. is a
prominent attorney of St. Louis. He graduated at St. Charles.
College and studied law in his father's office. His success at the
bar has been brilliant, and though a )'oung man, he has acquired a
considerable fortune. He has jnanaged a number of cases with
great ability in the United States Supreme Court, is at present a
prominent candidate for Judge of the Court of Appeals of Mis-
souri, and will probably be elected, as he is supported by Demo-
crats and Republicans without regard to party affiliations. He
has traveled extensively in the United States and Europe, is pol-
ished and gentlemanly in his manners, and universally popular.
John C. Cunningham died at the age of twenty-seven. Thomas
S. studied law in -his father's office, was admitted to the bar, and
is meeting with good success for a young attorney. He was elect-
ed to the office of Public Administrator, two years ago.

Cunninigham. — Edward C. Cunningham was born in Frederick
county, Maryland, February 22, 1809. He married Margaret
Buxton, of Montgomery county, Maryland, on the 27th of Janu-
ary, 1831, and emigrated to Missouri in 1836. He remained one
year in St. Charles county, and then removed to, Warren, but re-
mained there only a short time, when he came back to St. Charles,,

ST. CHAKLES COUNTY

201

where he has since resided. In the spring of 1838 Mr. Cunning-
ham was appointed Collector of revenues for the city of St.
Charles, and the following August was elected Constable of the
township. In 1844 he was elected Sheriff of the count}', as an
independent candidate, and was re-elected in 1846. Since the ex-
piration of his second term of office he has been employed in var-
ious branches of business, such as farming, stock raising, dealing
in stock, and butchering ; and at present he is cultivating his
farm near St. Charles, attending to the butcher's business, and
operating a coal mine. He purchased the Wardlow farm in 1847,
and is still proprietor of the place. The stepping plank to the
horse-block at his front gate, was placed there by Mr. Wardlow
forty-four years ago, and it is still sound and used for the same
purpose. In 1845 Mr. Cunningham introduced a new variety' of
wheat, from Frederick county, Maryland, called the Zimmerman,
which has since become the standard wheat of St. Charles count}-,
and has given a reputation to the wheat and flour of that count}*
which extends over a large portion of the civilized world. In 1840
he imported from Albany, New York, the first Berkshire hogs that
had ever been introduced into St. Charles county, and since that
time the county has become celebrated for its fine pork. By his
first wife Mr. Cunningham had four children — Mary, Nancy E.,
Charles W., and Margaret S. Mary and Margaret S. died in
infancy, Nancy E. died in her thirteenth year, and Charles W. died
in his eighteenth year. Mrs. Cunningham died August 28,
1836, and her husband afterward married EHzabeth Slagle, of
Frederick county, Maryland, by whom he had — Sarah N., Freder-
ick S., Edward L., Ann E., John M., and Elizabeth S. Ann E..
Elizabeth S., and Sarah N. died in infancy. Frederick S. mar-
ried Ann Taylor. He was at one time postmaster of St. Charles,,
but, being in bad health, he resigned the office and went to Cali-
fornia, where he died, April 23, 1865. His widow afterward,
married Charles A. Cunningham, and now resides in Carrollton,
Missouri. Edward L. married Mary Stewart, and lives in Texas.
John M. is in business with his father. Mrs. Cunningham died
May 1, 1854, and on the 21st of December, 1854, he married.
Teresa Johnson, of Cumberland, Maryland, who died August 16^
1855.

Cruse. — Francis and Elizabeth Cruse were natives of Prussia.
They emigrated to America and settled in St. Charles county in
1834, and were married soon after. They had five children. Mrs.
Cruse died in 1844, but Mr. Cruse survived until 1853. Their eld-
est son, Joseph, .was born October 20, 1837, and is now a prom-
inent citizen of his native county. He learned the carpenter's-
trade at the age of sixteen, with F. Smith & Co., of St. Louis ; but
preferring agricultural pursuits he purchased a farm in Cuivre
township, where he has since resided. He has been three times

202 riONEEU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

elected to the office of Justice of the Peace in his township, and
was appointed Notary Public by Gov. Fletcher in 1871. In 1870
be was elected one of the Judges of the County Court, and at the
expiration of his first term was re-elected to the same position.
He has made a faithful and efficient officer, and enjoys the confi-
dence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He is a leading member
of the Catholic Church, and possesses a friendly, sociable dispo-
sition. He was married in 1860 to Josephine Beckman.

DuKFEE. — Rev. Thomas Durfee came to St. Charles from Fall
River, Mass., in 1827. He was a graduate of Brown University,
Rhode Island, and of the Theological Seminary at Andover, Mass.
In 1828 he was married to Miss Ann Glenday, who was a neice of
Thomas Lindsay, and then living with him. Mr. Durfee lived
several years after his marriage in Callaway county, as pastor of
the Presbyterian Church at Auxvassee. He afterward returned to
St. Charles, and was agent of the American Bible Society, and in
1833 — the great cholera year — he died at the house of Thomas
Lindsay. Mr. Durfee was a man of great worth and a fine
preacher. He left two daughters, Jane S., who afterwards was
married to John Jay Johns, and Margaret. Lindsay, who is now
the wife of E. P. Borden, of Philadelphia. Mrs. Durfee, after
the death of her husband, continued to live with her uncle,
Thomas Lindsay, till his death in 1843. At her uncle's death
sae was, by his will, possessed' of his old homestead, where she
continued to reside till 1850, when she went to live with her son-
in-law, John Jay Johns, with whom she still resides. She is a
great enthusiast on the subject of education, and is using her
means freely in educating her grand children. Her eldest daugh-
ter, Mrs. Johns, was educated at Monticello, Ills., and Mrs. Bor-
den at Bradford Seminary^ in Massachusetts.

HiLBERT. — Jacob F. Hilbert and wife came from Carlile,
Cumberland Co., Penn., to St. Charles county in July, 1836.
For about seven years after his arrival in that county, Mr. Hilbert
•was engaged in the distilling business with his brother John ; but
it did not prove remunerative, and he removed to the city of St.
Charles, where he remained until his death, which occurred May
7, 1848. In 1843 he acted as Deputy Sheriff of the county, and
Councilman for the city of St. Charles. He Was afterward elected
Assessor of the county, and was performing the duties of that
office at the time of his death. He married Cresentia Yeally, of
Pennsylvania, before his removal to Missouri, and they had five
children, three of whom are living, viz : Julius, Jerome, and Jacob.
Mr. IL was upright and prompt in all his transactions with his
fellow-men, and his death was an irreparable loss to the commu-
nity. His estimlUble widow lives in the house that he purchased
thirty-three years ago. John Hilbert, a brother of Jacob, settled
in St. Charles county in 1836. He came from Ehzabethtown,

ST. ClIAULES COUNTY 203

Pa. During his residence in St. Charles he held the various offi-
ces of Constable, Councilman, and Mayor, and always discharged
his duties in a conscientious manner and to the best of his ability.
He possessed considerable force of character, and was firm in his
adherence to principle and the measures which he deemed just
and right. He married Eliza Close, and they raised five children.
He died in 1871, and his widow resides in St. Louis. Aloyseus
Z. Hilbert, another brother, came from Rochester, N. Y., to
Franklin Co., Mo., in 182G, where he married Sarah Johnson, and
with his wife removed to St. Charles. He had the reputation of
being one of the best millers in the West, and did the first stone
dressing that was ever done on the buhrs of the old Colliei'
mill. He was a member of the firm of Woods & Hilbert, flour
manufacturers, of New Orleans, twenty-seven j'ears ago ; and
<luring Mayor Pratt's administration he was flour Inspector
of St. Louis. His first wife died, and he afterward married Mrs.
Martha Spencer, who now resides in Iowa. Mr. Hilbert was
killed in St. Louis, in 1873, by a fall down a flight of stairs at the
hotel where he was stopping. He received a wound in the head
from which he died in an hour. He had gained an extended rep-
utation as a miller, and among his eflTects were found strong let-
ters of recommendation from Messrs. Chouteau, Jules and Felix
Valle, and J. & PI Walsh, the latter stating that the popularity of
their brand of flour in the South and South America was due in
no small degree to the skill and intelligent services of Mr. Hilbert.

McRoBERTS. — John McRoberts and wife settled in Lincoln Co.,
Ky., about 1785. They had a son named George, who married
Sally Erabree, by whom he had — Milton, Fannie, Harvey, Nancy
S., Preston, John, Harrison, Julia A., and Mary B. In 1824
they removed to Missouri and settled in Boone county, where
Mr. McRoberts and his son Harvey died the same year. The
widow and the rest of the children then returned to Kentucky,
but in 1828 they came back to Missouri and settled in St. Charles
■county. In the meantime Milton had married Harriet Logan,
and settled in St. Charles county in 1826. Nancy married Frank
Hun, who settled in St. Charles county in 1830. Preston mar-
ried Fannie Wade, of Lincoln county. John returned to Ken-
tucky, married Nancy Massey, and remained in that State. Har-
rison was married twice ; first to Harriet J. Anderson, and sec-
ond to Rachel E. Phillips. Julia A. married Benjamin Walker.

Phillips. — Jenkin Phillips, of Virginia, married Rachel Grubb,
by whom he had — Rhoda, William, Benjamin, Rachel, and Jen-
kin, Jr. Mrs. Phillips died in Virginia, and her husband, with
his son Jenkin, Jr., and daughter Rhoda, settled in St. Charles
Co., Mo., in 1838, where he died in 1857. Jenkin, Jr., was mar-
ried twice ; first to Margaret Kinnear, who died in 1844 ; and sec-
ond to Martha Smith. Rhoda died sincrle in 1844.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

WARREN COUNTY.

Warren County was organized January 5, 1833, out of the
surplus territory of Montgomery county. The first settlement
within its limits was made bj'^ some French emigrants, who built
a village at the mouth of Charrette creek, at a date so early that
we have no record of it, and who gave it the name of that stream.
A fort was erected at that place during the Indian war, but both
fort a;nd village have long since disappeared, and the place where
they stood was washed away by the river many years ago.

The first American settlement within the limits of Warren
county was made by David Bryan, in 1800. He built his cabin
near the bank of Teuque creek, on a hill overlooking the Mis-
souri river bottom, about a mile and a half southeast of Mar-
thasville. Not many years afterward he built a double hewed log
house, the first of the kind that was erected in that part of the
country, and which at the time was considered a very fine struc-
ture. Men came thirty miles to help raise it. The boards of the
roof were fastened to the rafters with wooden pins, because nails
could not be procured. This house remained standing, and was
occupied as a dwelling, until about six years ago, when it was
torn down to make room for a handsome brick edifice.

The next American settler in Warren county was Flanders
Callaway, who came about the same time Bryan did, and built his
cabin in the bottom, about half-way between the bluff and river,
and about half a mile from each.

Sometime previous to 1802, William and Robert Ramsey settled
to the northwest of the two families just mentioned, the former
about half a mile east of the present site of Marthasville, on
land now owned by Frederick Griswold, Jr., and the latter about

WARREN COUNTY 205

two miles northwest of Marthas^'ille, where several members of
his family were afterward massacred by the Indians.

Thomas Kennedy settled in the northern part of the county,
about a mile southeast of the present town of Wright City, some-
time between 1807 and 1812. He built a fort on his place during
the Indian war. and it became one of the most noted places of
that period.

Other settlements were made from time to time, but the popu-
lation increased so slowly that when the county was organized it
did not contain more the 4,000 inhabitants.

A place called New Boston, on Charrette creek, was the first
county seat ; but in 1835 the town of Warrenton was laid out,
and established as the permanent seat of justice. In 1838 a
brick court house was erected there, at a cost of $2,600. It was
at that time one of the largest and most handsome buildings in
all North Missouri, and the people complained about having to
pay taxes to build so fine a house. This building was used for
its original purposes until 1869, when it was torn down, and a,
more elegant structure, costing $35,000, erected on its site. The
first County Court was organized on the 20th of May, 1833, at
the house of Mordecai Morgan, not far from the future town of
Warrenton. The members of this court were, Tilman CuUum,
President; Morgan Bryan, and Thomas N. Graves. Absalom
Hays was Sheriff, Carty Wells Clerk, and Walter Cillon deputy
Clerk. James Pitzer was County Surveyor. The first license
was granted to Frederick Griswold, to keep tavern at Pinckney,
for which he paid $15. Walter Dillon also obtained a license at
the same court to keep tavern at Hickory Grove.

The first graid jury of Warren county was composed of —
Thomas Talbott, foreman; Grief Stewart, Samuel Dohertj',
Benoni McCIure, Andrew G. Long, Isaac Kent, Jr., William
Camron, James Miller, Edward Pleasant, Turner Roundtree,
Jonathan D. Gordon, Benjamin Hutchinson, W. A. Burton,
Thomas Chambers, George Clay, James B. Graves, John B. Shaw,
and Jared Irvine.

Pinckney was the first town founded within the limits of Warren
county, after the French village of Charette. It was laid off in
1819, and named for Miss Attossa Pinckney Sharp, daughter of
Benjamin Sharp. It was situated on the Missouri river, in the
southern part of the county, and was the first county seat pf
Montgomery county. The original site of the town has fallen

206 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

into the rive'r, and a country post oltice in the vicinity, called
Pinckney, is all that is left to mark the location of a once flour-
ishing town. (For a history of Pinckney, see Montgomery
county. )

FAMILIES OF WARREN COUNTY.

Archer. — Charles C. Archer, of England, emigrated to Amer-
ica and settled in Virginia previous to the revolutionary war. He
married Elizabeth Prior, daughter of David P. Prior and Mary
Cunningham, of Buckingham county, Va. They had — William^
Mary A., Thomas D., Charles C, Elizabeth P., Creed T., Fields,
and John. William C. married Kittura Kahale, and settled in
Montgomery county, Mo., in 1832. Elizabeth C. married Presley
T, Oaks, and settled in Warren county in 1832. Creed T. mar-
ried Anna Taggart, and settled in Warren county in 1832. Fields
married Frances L. Wood, and settled in Warren county in 1832.
John was married first to Winney Giles, and after her death he
married Matilda Shelton. He also settled in Warren county in
1832.

Burgess. — Thomas Burgess, son of Reubf»i Burgess, of North
Carolina, moved to Tennessee with his family in 1814, In 1830 he
was drowned in the Cumberland river, and left a widow and eleven
children, viz: Elizabeth, George W., Charles, Anderson, Marga-
ret, Joel, Thomas, William, Polly, Hiram, and Nelly. Two of
these, Anderson and Thomas, settled in Missouri. The latter was
in Nathan Boone's company of rangers during the Indian war,
and also served in the Black Hawk war. He subsequently re-
moved to Arkansas. Anderson married Elizabeth Whiteason,
daughter of William Whiteason and Ann Wiser, and settled in
Warren county in 1831. Their children were — Malissa, Way man
L., Celina, Polly A., Elizabeth, Sarah, Dudley H., Valentine,
and Adolphus.

Brown. — William Brown, of Tennessee, was married twice. By
his first wife he had — Delila and William ; and by his second wife,
whose maiden name was Katy Nave, he had — Gabriel, Levy, atid
Joseph. Mr. Brown settled in Lincoln county. Mo., in 1817.
His son William married Sally Hopkins, and settled in Warren
county in 1820. Levi married Polly Odin, and Joseph married
Polly Hopkins, and both settled in Warren county in 1820.

Bird. — John Bird and his wife, Sarah Harvey, lived and died
in Franklin county, Va. They had a son named Bartlett, wha
married Jane Jameson*, by whom he had — Mary, Edward, Abner,
Marshall, and Sally. Mary was married first to Henry Morris,
who died in Virginia. She then married Richard Stegall, who
settled in Warren county, Mo., afterward removed to Jackson

WAHREN COUNTY 20T

county, and now resides in Texas. Edward died single, in Vir-
ginia. Abner died in Nashville, Tennessee. Marshall married
Mary J. Allen, and settled in Wa^rren county in 1834. His chil-
dren are — Samuel, Sallie, Martha J., John B., Charles E., Char-
lotte v., and Fannie. Sallie, daughter of Barllett Bird, married
Edward Moorman, who settled in St. Charles county. Mo., in
1831.

Carnefax. — William Carnefax, of England, settled in Camp-
bell county, Va., and married Esther Maxey, by whom he had —
Edward, John D., Charles, William, Benjamin, Nancy, Lucy,
Rebecca, Mary, and Rhoda. John settled in Warren county in
1832, and married Jane W. Leavell.

CuLLUM. — Tilman Cullum, of Kentucky, came to Missouri at
an early date, and settled on Loss creek, in what is now Warren
county. His wife was a Miss McDurmid, of Kentucky, and they
raised a large family of children. Mr. Cullum was a good busi-
ness man, a large trader and money loaner, and accumulated a
fortune during his life-time. He was one of the first County
Judges of Warren county, but resigned the position to administer
upon the estate of Daniel Shobe.

Cravens. — Armon Cravens was born in Montgomery county,
Maryland, but removed to Kentucky in 1776. He married Abi-
gail Hathaway, of Maryland, and thej' had eighteen children, only
nine of whom lived to be grown. Their son John was a soldier in
the war of 1812, and married Elizabeth Burton, of Kentucky, by
whom he had — James S., Paulina, Permelia, Hudson, William,
Louisa, John, and Louisiana. Hudson married Virginia Walden,
ofVirginia, and settled in Missouri in 183G. In 1852 he left Missouri
and went to Texas, but was so disatisfied with the country that he
did not unload his wagon. He came back to Missouri and was
satisfied. While in Texas he experienced several "northers,"
and came near freezing to death. He asserted that his dog was
frozen fast in the mud, and that he had to pile all his bed clothes
on his horses to keep them from freezing. WiHiam Cravens settled
in Montgomery county in 1843, and married Louisa Walden.
James S. and John settled in the same county at a later date.

Cain. — Jesse Cain settled on Charrette creek, in now Warren
county, about 1812. He joined Nathan Boone's company of
rangers, and served with them during the Indian war. He was
an eccentric character, and generally managed to afford his asso-
ciates a great deal of amusement. His children were— Polly,
Sally,. Paulina, Vina, Jack, James, Jesse, Jr., Harvey, and Eli.

Coil. — Jacob Coil settled on Loutre Island in 1817. He was
born in Pendleton county, Virginia, in 1780, and died in 1845.
He was married twice, and had nine children. His eldest son by
his first wife, named Jacob, Jr., was married first to Sarah Gib-

208 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

son and second to ]Mrs. Taylor, who was a daughter of Stephen
Quick.

Carter. — I thiel Carter, a native of Scotland, married an Eng-
lish girl named Louisa Deming, emigrated to America, and settled
at Hartford, Connecticut. During the i-e volution Mr. Carter en-
listed in the American army, and fought for the rights of his
adopted country. He had only two children, Cyrus and Orion.
Cyrus came to St. Charles in 1822, as a clock peddler, and sold
to Benjamin Emmons, Sr., the first pateat clock ever sold west of
the Mississippi river, the price being $40. Mr. Carter was mar-
ried first in 1838, to the widow Derang,^ whose maiden name was
Harriet Moore. His second wife was the widow of Samuel W.
WiUiams, whose maiden name was Martha Johnson, daughter of
John Johnson and Mary M. Wooldbridge of Chesterfield county,
Virginia.

Chambers. — John Chambers, of Ireland, settled in North Caro-
lina, and married Mary Thompson, of Kentucky, by whom he had
— John, Jr., William, Sarah, James, Thomas, Alexander, Nancy,
and Jane. In 1798 Mr. Chambers came to Missouri and settled
in St. Louis county, and in 1800 his wife died. After that he lived
with his son Thomas, in St. Charles. Thomas married Eleanor
Kennedy, and the names of their children were — Prospect,
Riley, Sarah, Julia, Harriet, Davis H., Ellen, Rhoda, and Thomas,
Jr. Thomas and Alexander Chambers were rangers together in
Captain Musick's company, and were at the battle of the sink-
hole in (now) Lincoln county. Alexander married the widow of
Frank McDermid, who was killed at Callaway's defeat. Her
maiden name was Ruth Costlio. James, son of John Chambers,
Si*., was a tanner and lived in (now) Warren county.

Clyce. — William Clyce, of Virginia, was .an early settler near
Pinckriey, in Warren county. He married Nancy Hart, and they
had — Milford, Elizabeth, and Preston. His first wife died, and
he was married the second time to Polly Wyatt, by whom he had
— Nancy, Frank, William, Gabriella, and Thomas. Milford mar-
ried in Kentucky, to Priscilla Williams. Elizabeth married and
settled in Linn county, Missouri. Preston and Frank died sin-
gle, in Kentucky. Nancy married a Mr. Swasey, of Canada,
who settled atPinckney, in Warren county, and opened a store.
William married Christina Cheeseman, a German ladj'. Gabri-
ella married Cunningham Parsons. Thomas married Rebecca
Anderson, and lives in High Hill, Missouri.

Callaway. — John B. Callaway was the eldest son of Flanders
Callaway and Jemima Boone.* He was a fine scribe and an excel-

*It is stated elsewhere that Capt. James Callaway was the eldest son, but it is »
mistake, as we have learned since that portion of the book was printed.

WARREN COUNTY 209

lent business man, and was Justice of the Peace and Judge of
the County Court for many years. A large proportion of the old
legal papers of St. Charles county have the name of John B. Cal-
laway attached to them as Justice of the Peace. He had a mill
and a distillery on Femme Osage creek, and the water for the
distillery was carried some distance in troughs, made by hollow-
ing out poles, which were kept free of mud by crawfish,
placed in the troughs for that purpose. Mr. Callaway died in
1825. His wife was Elizabeth Caton, and their children wne —
Emaline, Verlenia, James, and Octavia. Emaline married Hay-
den Boone, a son of Squire Boone, who was a nephew of Daniel
Boone. Verlenia married John Bryan, a son of Henry Bryan.
James married Mary McKinney, daughter of Alexander McKin-
ney. They live in Mexico, Mo., where Mr. Callaway, who is a
capitalist, is engaged in the banking business. Octavia married
Schuyler Rice, who was from New England.

Caton. — Jesse Caton, of Kentucky, settled near the present
site of Marthasville, in Warren county, in 1811. He married
a Miss Sparks, who was a sister of Henry Bryan's wife, and their
children were — Noah, Jonas, Jesse, Jr., Elizabeth, Nancy, Jemima,
Mahala, Rebecca, Fannie, and Ilester. Noah married a Miss
McUermid. Jesse, Jr., married Missouri Lamme. Elizabeth
married John B. Callaway, son of Flanders Callaway. Nancy
married Adam Zumwalt. Jemima and Mahala married John Car-
ter. Rebecca married a Mr. McCutchen. Fannie married Dan-
iel Gillis. Hester married a man in Southwest Missouri, but
we could not obtain his name.

Davis. — Louis Davis, of England, came to America and settled
in Virginia, prior to the revolution. He had one son, Louis,
Jr., who married Agnes Walton, and they had nine children —
Lourena, Mary, Saluda, Sally, Jincia, Edna, Louis, Thompson,
and John K., all of whom married and lived and died in Virginia.
Isaac T., the second son of John K. Davis, married Martha Lang-
ford, and settled in Warren county in 1835. They had five chil-
dren.

Ei.Lis. — Charles Ellis, of Virginia, married his cousin, Nancy
Ellis, and they had — Tliomas, Polly, Stephen, Elizabeth, Nancy,
Charles, Josepli, Martha, James M., and Susan. Mr. Ellis
removed from Richmond, Va., to Shelby Co., Ky., in 1815.
Stephen married Mary Young, of Kentucky, and settled in War-
ren Co., Mo., in 1826. In 1847 he removed to St. Charles
county, where he died. His children were — James, Charles,
Nancy, Sarah C, Martha F., Mary H., and William T. Joseph
Ellis was married twice ; first, to Nancy Netherton, by whom he
had— Henry C, Mildred C, Charles M., Ann E., Lucy B., Pau-
lina, Joseph, Stephen E., John G., William S., and Martha L.
After the death of his first wife Mr. Ellis married the widow of
14

21,0 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Benjamin Pitts, whose maiden name was Susan R. Simms. Mar-
tha Ellis married Thomas Moffltt, of Virginia, who settled in St.
Charles Co., Mo., in 1830. Elizabeth married Edward R. Kelso,
who settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1831. The most of their
children moved to Texas.

Fines. — Vincent Fines, of Germany, settled first in Pennsyl-
vania, from whence he removed to Tennessee, where he was killed
by the Indians. His children were — Thomas, William, Abra-
ham, Isaac, Phoebe, and Sally. After the death of her husband,.
Mrs. Fines married Rueben Bedford, by whom she had three
children. Thomas married Mary Nave, of Tennessee, by whom
he had — Levi, Abraham, Sally, Delila and Amy. Mr. Fines was
killed by an accidental discharge of his gun, and in 1817 his
widow and children came to Missouri. Abraham married Cynthia
Harper, in 1819. The nearest Justice of the Peace was James-
Duncan, of Lincoln county, who lived sixteen miles distant, and
was too old to go so far to marry people. But he agreed to meet
them half way. Accordingly on the day of the wedding they
set out on foot, and walked to the designated place, where
the 'Squire met them ind performed the ceremony,- and they
walked back home the same day. Mrs. Fines still has the dres&
that she wore on that memorable occasion. Mr. Fines was a very
active man, and no one could beat him on a foot race. He was
one of the first grand jurymen of Montgomery county. He say&
that while out hunting one day, he came upon a den of rattle-
snakes, whose heads were so thick where they stretched them-
selves out of their den that they looked like corn stubbles in a
field. He fired into them with his gun and then ran away with-
out looking back to see what execution he had done. Levi Fines
married Nancy Oden. Sally married Jacob Oden. Delila mar-
ried Nicholas Shrumb. Amy married Joseph Shrumb. Phillip,
a brother of Vincent Fines, settled in St. Louis county in 1800.
He was a small man, and had a small wife and daughter. Their
aggregate weight was two hundred and fifty pounds.

FouRT. — Dr. Andrew Fourt was born in Marj'land in 1780.
When he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to Ken-
tucky, where, in 1807, he married Sarah Wyatt. In 1810 he
came to Missouri with his wife and two children, on pack horses,
arid settled near Charrette village in (now) Warren county.
When the Indian war began he joined Capt. Callaway's company
of rangers, and served twelve months. When Montgomery
county was organized, Dr. Fourt was appointed one of the com-
missioners to locate the county seat, and Pinckney, near the
Missouri river, was chosen as the place. The Doctor
subsequently located there, and opened the first hotel in
the place, which he kept three years, and then removed to the
head of Pinckney Bottom, where he lived until his death, which

WAUREN COUNTY 211

occurred on the 27th day of November, 1852. He had eight
children — Emsley, John T,, Peter W., Puliyan M., Elizabeth,
Martha S., Sarah J., and Louisa. Six of the children married
and raised famihes.

Griswold. — Harvey and Fredericlc Griswold, of Connecticut,
were cousins. They emigrated to the West, and settled in (now)
Warren county, Mo., at a very early date. Frederick married
Rebecca Shobe, and opened the first store in Pinckney. They
had no children. Harvey came to Missouri when he was only
about sixteen years of age, and walked from St. Louis to Pinck-
ney, carrying his wardrobe and all the property he possessed tied
up in a cotton handkerchief. His cousin Frederick at first hired
him to clerk in his store, but afterward bought a store at Mar-
thasviile, and sent him there to take charge of it. He subse-
quently purchased the store on his own account, and followed the
mercantile business for many years, acquiring a comfortable
fortune before his death. He married Mahala Shobe, a sister of
Frederick Griswold's wife, and they had sixteen children, only
six of whom lived to be grown, viz: Rebecca, William, Syl-
vanus. Prudence, Angeline, and Frederick. Mr. Griswoldowned
the land on which the graves of Daniel Boone arid his wife were
situated, and he bitterly opposed the removal of the remains, but
in vain. It was his intention to erect a monument over the
graves, and otherwise beautify the last resting place of the old
pioneer and his wife.

GiLKEY. — John Gilkey, of Ireland, married Jemima Pattenger,
of Virginia, by whom he had — Allen, John, David, Elizabeth,
Samuel, Barbara, William, and Thomas. David married Sally A.
Murdock, by whom he had — Erasmus D., John G., William L.,
Sarah P>., James P., and Ellen W. Mr. Gilkey settled in War-
ren county in 1824, and his wife died in 1830 He afterward
married Polly Wyatt, when he was seventy-five years old. Will-
iam L. Gilkey married Elizabeth Liles. Sarah E. married James
Bowen. Jemima P. married William C. Gilkey, her cousin.
Ellen W. married Samuel Kennedy.

Graves. — Thomas Graves, of Culpepper county, Va., was a
soldier and Quartermaster in the revolutionary war. He married
the widow Simms, by whom he had — Thomas N., P^lizabeth,
Nancy, Lucy, and Waller. Thomas married Mary Mason, of
Virginia, and in 1806 he removed, with his father and sisters
Elizabeth and Nancy, to Barbour county, Ky., from whence, in
1820, they 'came to Warren county, Mo. The names of Thomas"
children were — James B., William M., Candice A., Henry B.,
and Lucy M. Mr. Graves was Judge of the County Court of both
Montgomery and Warren counties. James B., his eldest son,
moved to Oregon. William M. disappeared in a mysterious

212 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

manner while in New Orleans, Louisiana. Candice married
Usurdus Brainbridge, of St. Charles county. Henry B. married
Lucinda Howell, and lives in California. Lucy M. married
Woodson A. Burton, who settled in Warren county in 1830.
Warren, the brother of Thomas Graves, settled in Warren county
in 1826. His children, whose names were John, Henry, Mary,
and Ann, remained in Virginia.

Gibson. — Archibald Gibson, of Ireland, emigrated to America
and settled in Virginia. He had a son named Joseph, who
served in the war of 1812. Joseph married Susan Hudson, and
settled in Lincoln county. Mo., in 1818. His children were —
Mary, Elizabeth, Archibald, Nancy, John, William, Patsy, Susan,
Lucinda, and Malinda. Mr. Gibson was married the second time
to the widow Caflter, whose maiden name was Matilda Wright. By
her he had Rufus, Mary, Waller, Matilda, Martha, Richard,
Emma, and Thomas J. Mr. Gibson died in Lincoln county
in his 87th j^ear. Archibald, Elizabeth, and John married and
settled in Warren county. John married Sarah A. Wright. He
was at a camp-meeting, once, where a woman near him took
the jerks, and fell into his arms. Never having seen
anything of the kind before, he was astonished and bewil-
dered, and called out at the top of his voice, "Here, Mr.
Preacher, your attention, please. Hei'e's a woman with a m!"
But the "fit" soon left her, and he was relieved. Lucinda
Gibson married Felix Kountz, and settled in St. Charles county.
Martha married Mr. Patton, of Warren county. Malinda married
Mr. Spencer, and settled in St. Charles county.

Gibson. — Guion Gibson came from Duck River, Tennessee, and
settled in (now) Warren county in 1810. His children were —
Sarah, Rachel, Ellen, Samuel, Joseph, John, Polly, Guion, Jr.,
and James. Sarah married Thomas Kennedy. Rachel married.
Lawrence Sitter. Ellen married Phillip Sitter. Samuel married
Tabitha Kennedy. Joseph married Elizabeth Armstrong. John
married Polly Sitter. Polly Gibson married John Shrumb.
Guion, Jr., married Saloma Sitter. James married Diana Sitter.
James, John, and Guion, Jr., were rangers in Callaway's com-
pany.

Gray. — When Robert Gray was a small boy he lost his father,
■while they were moving from North Carolina to Tennessee. He
had four sisters — Polly, Dorcas, Elizabeth, and Jane. After the
death of his father, his mother proceeded on her way to Tennes-
see, with her children ; and they remained in that State until 1809,
when they came to (now) Warren county. Mo. During the
Indian war they lived the greater portion of the time in
Castlio's Fort, in St. Charles county. Polly Gray married Rueben
Thornhill, Dorcas Barney Thornhill, and Jane Bryant Thorn-

WARKEN COUNTY

213

hill, all of whom were early settlers of Warren county.
Elizabeth married Job Stark, who was also an early settler of
Warren county. Robert married Elizabeth Liles, by whom he
had — James, Milton, Henry, Elizabeth, and Jane, only a part of
whom lived to be grown.

Hughes. — James Hughes, of Ireland, settled in Pennsylvania.
His son James manned and settled in Sullivan county, Tennessee.
By his first wife he had but one child, a son named Alexander ;
and by his second wife a daughter, named Gertrude, who married
James M. Owings. Mr. Hughes built a keel-boat, in which he
conveyed his family and property to Missouri, coming down the
Holsten, Tennessee and Ohio rivers, and up the Mississippi and
Missouri.

Howard. — Cornelius Howard, of Kentucky, was married first
to a Miss Griggs, by whom he had — Rachel, Cynthia, Elizabeth,
Martin, John, and two others whose names we could not obtain.
He was married the second time to the widow Hunt, but had no
children by her. She had eight children of her own at the time
he married her. One of the Misses Howard was a very beautiful
girl, and one day she handed some water to a stranger who
called at the gate and begged for a drink. The stranger fell des-
perately in love with this beautiful Rebecca, and married her two
days afterward. In .1816 Mr. Howard settled on Brush Creek,
in Warren county, and lived there two years. He cleared a field
and raised two crops of corn, but now the field is covered with
large oak trees, and the Brush Creek Presbyterian Church stand*
about the center of it. In 1818 he moved and settled on South
Bear creek, wher he died many years afterward.

Hays. — Jeremiah Hays, of Ireland, married Jane Moore, of
Scotland, and came to America and settled in Bourbon county,
Kentucky, where they had — Mary, Delila, Nancy, Joanna, Ab-
salom, Jane, Thomas, Joseph, and Mahala. Mr. Hays, with his
wife and two daughters, Jane and Mahala, started to Montgomery
county. Mo., but when they reached St. Louis he died. His
widow and children settled near Marthasville. Jane married
Oliver McCleur, of Pennsylvania, who was a blacksmith, and
settled in Warren county. Mahala marled John Ward, of Ken-
tucky, who was a hatter, and also settled in Warren county.
Absalom and Joseph Ha3'^s came to Missouri with Dr. John Young,
in 1816. Joseph married Kate Mahoney, and settled in Mont-
gomery county. Absalom was the second Sheriff of Montgomery
county, and after the organization of Warren, he was elected
the first Sheriff of that county, which office he held alter-
nately until 1845. He married Anna Skinner, of Montgomery
county, by whom he had — Jeremiah, Susan, John A., Jane, and
Mary C. The year after Mr. Hays' marriage he had to attend

214 I'lONEKR FAMIMKS OF MISSOUKI

court at Lewiston, and took his wife and little child with him to
her father's, who lived on Camp Branch, to remain while he was
at court. But the session lasted longer than he expected, and
his wife, impatient to be at home, persuaded her father to go with
her. Thejournej' was too long for one day, and they stopped
over night at the house of Mr. John Wyatt. During the evening
Mrs. Wyatt put on her spectacles, and after scrutinizing Mrs.
Hays and her child very closely for some time, she turned to Mr.
Skinner and said she was ' ' monstrous ' ' glad that was not his
wife and child, for " of all things she did despise upon this earth
was an old man with a young wife and child; for," she added,
" it is the most bominubler thing in the world." Mr.. Hays was
lame from his birth, and sometime before his death he was thrown
from a horse and received an injury from which he never entirely
recovered. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Hays continued
to live on the farm near Martliasville, until the late war, when she
was broken up, and has since lived with her children. She now
resides in Jonesburg, Montgomery county, with her daughter
Jane, and still enjoys good health for a person so advanced in
years.

Hancock. — William Hancock was a pioneer of both Kentucky
and Missouri. In the former State he helped to fight the Indians
and guard the forts, and experienced the dangers and priva-
tions of those times. He came to Missouri among the first Amer-
icans who sought homes here, and was the first settler on the
Missouri river bottom, in Warren county, which has since borne
his name. He was married in St. Charles county to a Miss Mc-
Clain, by whom he had three children, two daughters and a son
named William, Jr. The latter died at home, unmarried. One
of the daughters, named Mary, married Cupt. Hamilton, and they
now live on the old homestead. Capt. Hamilton served with
distinction in the war with Mexico. The other daughter married
Dr. George Y. Bast, of New Florence, Mo. Mr. Hancock was a
jovial man, and fond of practical jokes. He and Anthony
AV3'att and Jacob Darst once took a flat-boat loaded with pork
and peltries to Natchez, Miss., and while there they concocted a
plan to show Darst — who was a devil-may-care sort of a man —
as a wild man of the forest. Accordingly they rigged him out in
an appropriate costume, and exhibited him with great succes, the
room being crowded with visitors during the entire exhibition.
Darst enjoyed the joke equally as well as his two companions,
and they all reaped a substantial reward for their pains.
Hancock and John Wyatt ran for the Legislature once, and the
vote was a tie. They tried it over, and tied again, when Hancock
withdrew and let Wyatt have the office.

Hopkins. — WiUiam Hopkins, of South Carolina, removed to
Kentucky, where he married Jane Stone, and in 1810 he came to

WAURKN COUNTY 215

Missouri, and lived for some time in Captain James Callaway's
house. In the spring of 1819 he settled in (now) Warren county.
His children were — Cynt'uia, Isaac, Walker, Polly, Sally, Thomas,
Jane, Matilda, Lucy, Anna, Benjamin, John, and Susan. Isaac
marrietl Elizabeth Brown. Walker married Nancy Gibson, by
whom he had twenty children. He was married a second time to
Jane Beck, a daughter of one of the first settlers of Warren
county. Thomas married Lydia Beck. Jane married Joseph
Hatfield. Matilda married James Stark. Lucy married John
Zumwalt. John married Sally Cops. Susan married John
Corker. Anna and Benjamin died of measles

Hart. — Capt. Hart was a native of the State of New Jersey,
where, during the French and Indian war, previous to the Ameri-
■ean revolution, he raised a company of men and was commis-
sioned Captain. He was with General Wolf's army at the battle
of Quebec, in Canada, in 1759, where that gallant young general
fell. Capt. Hart's company behaved with great gallantry on that
occasion, and the men, who were dressed in blue uniforms, were
afterward known as the " Jersey Blues." Honest John Hart, as
he was called, was a son of Capt. Hart, and one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence. Nathaniel, the fourth son of
Honest John Hart, settled in Mason county, Ky., in 1795. His
son, also named Nathaniel, was born May 5, 1794, and came to
Missouri in 1819. He settled first in St.' Charles county, where
he remained one year, and then, in 1820, removed to Warren
county, and settled near Pinckney ; where, on March 6th, 1823,
he was married to Unity L. Marshall, daughter of John Marshall,
of Montgomery county, Ky., who was one of the first settlers of
AVarren county. Mr. Hart is now living in Boone county, in his
8M j'ear. He had several children, but they all died in infancy,
except two sons, Joseph E. and Alfred H., who also live in
Boone county. He has in his possession a cane that belonged to
his grandfather. Honest John Hart.

Hughes. — John Hughes, of England, came to America and
settled in Virginia, where he married and raised three children —
John, Jr., Nancy, and Mary A. John married in Virginia, and
had seven children. One of his sons, named Andrew, married
Elizabeth Thompson, by whom he had — Sarah, Thomas S. T.,
Reason, Elizabeth, Louisa, Harriet, Waddy, Susan, Joseph, and
George. Thomas S. T.. came to the City of St. Louis in 1830,
where he was married, first to Rebecca Downs, and second to
Rebecca Wells. Andrew Huglies settled in St. diaries county
in 1839, and his daughter, Reason, married Samuel Abington.
Elizabeth married John Williams, of Warren county. Louisa
married Thomas Royston, who died in North Carolina. Harriet
married Sidney Woods, of St. Charles county. Susan married St.
James Matthews, of St. Charles countv, and after his death she

216 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

married Archibald Caruthers. Waddy died single. Joseph
married Sarah Carycoe, and settled in Warren county. George
settled in Colorado.

Howard. — David Howard, of Mount Sterling, Ky., married
first to Margaret Fourt, and settled on Charrette creek, in Warren
countj% 1819. His children were — James, Peter, Thomas, Polly,
John, and Jackson. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Howard
married the widow McCutchen, whose maiden name was Rebecca
Caton. By her he had Elizabeth, George, and Naoma. Mr.
Howard was a great hunter and sugar maker, and made the best
maple sugar in the country. He was also a zealous Methodist,
and his name is prominetly identified with the early history of
that church in his county. His son, John Howard, is at present
Sheriff and Collector of Warren county.

Irvine. — Jared Irvine was one of the early settlers of Warren
county. He married Mary Peebles, and they had — Eliza J.,
Louisa, and John. Mr. Irvine served as a soldier in the war of
1812, when he was only sixteen yeai's of age. He was captured
in one of the battles and taken to Canada, and after his exchange
he walked from Canada to his home in Kentucky. He was a
member of the first grand jury of Warren county, and was a
leading and influential citizen.

James. — Benjamin James married Nancy. Fourt, of Kentucky,
and settled in (now) Warren county in 1811. He joined the
rangers during the Indian war, and saw some active service. His
children were — William, John, Walter, and Peter. John fell from
a mill dam on Charrette creek, and was drowned. Peter lived in
St. Louis county, and never married. Walter married Sally
Wyatt, and they had — Frank, Mary A., WilUam J., John, Eliza-
beth, Walter R., Joseph, and Lycurgus.

Jones. — Henry Jones, of Wales, emigrated to America, and
settled in Henry county, Va., where he married and had the fol-
lowing children — Fielding, Joseph, Lewis, Peter, Willis, Delila,
and Elizabeth. Lewis married Fannie Lamb, of North Carolina,
and settled in Missouri in 1837. His children were — Henry, Zero,
Joseph, George, Elizabeth, Willis Malinda, Lewis, Delila, and
Fielding, all of whom married and settled in Missouri. Willis is^
a Baptist preacher, and married Margaret C. Burson, of Virginia,
whose father was also a Baptist preacher.

Jones. — Giles Jones was an Englishman, but came to America
and served as a soldier in the revolutionary war. His son John
came to Missouri in 1817, and studied medicine under Dr. Young.
Dr. Jones married Minerva Callaway, daughter of Flanders Calla-
way, and granddaughter of Daniel Boone, and settled near Mar-
thasville. They had the following children — James, Caroline,
Emily, Daniel, John S., Ellen, Paul, Samuel, George, and Anna.

WARREN COUNTY 217

The Doctor became celebrated as a physician, and had an ex-
tensive practice. He was also very fond of hunting, and had a
horse named Nick, that he generally rode on his hunting expedi-
tions. Sometimes, just as he would be in the act of firing at a
deer or some other game, Nick would move and cause him to
miss his aim. The horse did this one day just as he was drawing
a bead on a fine buck, and the buck escaped unhurt, which so
enraged the Doctor that he determined to give him a whipping.
So he alighted and cut a keen switch, and placed the bridle
under his feet to keep old Nick from running away while he
whipped him ; but the horse jerked his head up at the first cut of
the switch,, threw the Doctor on the back of his head, and nearly
killed him. After that, when he tried to whip old Nick, he held the
bridle in his hand. Dr. Jones took a prominent part in ferreting
out the counterfeiters and horse thieves with which the country
was infested from about 1835 to 1844, when the "Slicker" or-
ganization put a stop to their rascally practices. By so doing he
incurred the enmity of the gang, and the 22d of January, 1842, he
was shot and killed in his own yard, by an assassin who was con-
cealed in the woods near the house. The whole country was
thrown into a state of excitement by this murder, and the repeated
outrages which led to it, and companies of regulators and patrols
were organized in every community. But notwithstanding the
most delight and thorough search was made for the murderer, no
trace of him could ever be found. Several suspected parties were
arrested and tried, but they generally had but little difficulty in
proving their innocence.

Kabler. — Rev. Nicholas C. Kabler, of Campbell Co., Va,, was
a son of Rev. Nicholas Kabler, of the same county. He married
Sarah Goldon, of Virginia, and settled in Warren Co., Mo., in
1830. He was a Methodist minister, and traveled with Rev. An-
drew Monroe for a number of years. His children were — Ellen,
Simeon, William A., Lucy, Anna, Parks, and Charles. Ellen
married William MeMurtry, of Callaway county. Simeon and
Lucy died in Virginia. William A. married Lucy J. Pendleton,
of Warren county, whose father and mother, James Pendleton
and Nancy Sharp, settled in that county in 1833. Her brothers
and sisters were — Robert, Frances, Patrick, Elizabeth, James L. ,
and Caroline. Anna Kabler married Marcellus C. Poindexter,
of St. Louis. Charles lives in California, unmarried.

Kennedy. — John Kennedy and his wife, whose maiden name
was Margaret Rowan, of Ireland, came to America and set-
tled in Virginia many years before the revolution. They had
eight children — John, James, William, Thomas, George, Abra-
ham, Margaret, and Jane. John was killed by the Indians while
assisting to cut a road from Knoxville to Nashville, Tennessee.
James settled in South Carolina, where he died. William was

218 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

captured by the British, while serving in the continental army,
and died on board one of their prison ships. George and Mar-
garet were lulled by the Indians, where Nashville, Tenn., now
stands. Their mother died shortly after, and was the first white
woman who died a natural death in the State of Tennessee.
Abraham emigrated to Missouri in 1808, and joined Nathan
Boone's company of rangers in 1812. He removed to Texas in
1834, where he died. His wife's maiden name was Rhoda Car-
tleman, of South Carolina. Thomas was in the 5th regiment of
Virginia volunteers during the revolutionary war, and was at the
massacre of Beaver Creek, South Carolina. After that he served
as a scout in Capt. Murphy Barnett's company, until the close of
the war. He then went to Tennessee, but remained only a short
time, when he returned to South Carolina, and married his second
wife, whose name was Sarah Gibson. In 1807 he came to St.
Charles Co., Mo., where he remained until the commencement of
the Indian war, when he removed to near the present town of
Wright City, and built a fort there. His children were — James,
Gayem, Abraham, Pleasant, Royal, Ellen, Tabitha, Rhoda, Sarah,
Ann, Dinah S., Narcissa, and Amanda. James was a ranger in
Capt. Callaway's company, and was present when he was killed.
He married Sally Lyle. Gayem married Elizabeth Sitten. Abra-
ham married Sally Rice. Pleasant married Harriet Sullivan. Royal
was married twice ; first to Caroline McKezell, and second to
Margaret E. Huntchinson. He has long been a prominent citizen
of Warren county, having served as County Judge for several
terms, and in 1860 he was elected a member of the Legislature.
— Ellen Kennedy married Thomas Chambers. Tabitha married
Samuel Gibson. Rhoda married Allen Jamison Sarah was
married first to Thomas Livingston, and second to William Per-
kins. Ann married Benjamin F. Ruggles. Dinah S. married
Isaac Kent. Amanda married Levi TilsOn.

Kite. — Martin Kite, of Virginia, was of German descent. He
married a Miss Cheeley, of Virginia, by whom he had George
and Kitty, and several other children whose names we could not
obtain. G«orge and Kitty both live in Warren county. Mr.
Kite settled in that ccunty in 1835, and built a mill on Charrette
creek. The lumber from which most of the flat-boats of that
period were built, was sawed at Kite's mill.

Ketcheusides. — A man named Ketchersides, a cooper by trade,
came from Tennessee at a very early date, and settled on Mas-
se3''s Creek in (now) Warren county. He remained only one
year, when he sold out and returned to Tennessee.. In about
another year he made his appearance in Missouri again, but re-
mained only a short time, when he went back to his old State.
He continued in this way until his death, remaining in one ' State

WAKKEN COUNTY 219

only so long as it was necessary to get money enough to take
him back to the other.

Kent. — Isaac Kent, of Kentucky, lost his parents when he was
quite young, and was "bound out" to be raised. When he
was of age he married Lucy Hopkins, and they had — John, Will-
iam, Jane, Andrew, Robert, Elizabeth, Polly, Thomas, Isaac,
Dozier, Louisa, and Lucinda. Mr. Kent came to Missouri and
settled in Warren county in 1819. His son John married Catha-
rine Zumwalt. William married Mary A. Zumwalt, and was
killed by Waller Graves, who was insane, at the house of Newton
Howell, on the 2d of October, 1830. Andrew Kent enlisted as a
soldier in the Mexican war, and was burned to death in one of
the forts captured by the Americans. Robert, Elizabeth, Isaac,
Polly, and Thomas all moved to Oregon. John Kent was a ran-
ger in Callaway's company.

Leeper. — Thomas Leeper was born in Jefferson Co., Va., and
came to Missouri in 1821, with John Rej'^nolds, when he was only
eight vears of age. He married his first wife, whose name was
Elizabeth Edwards, in 1838, and they had three children. After
her death he married Ruth A. Griggs.

Long. — Lawrence Long, of Culpepper Co., Va., settled in St.
Louis Co., Mo., in 1797, and built a saw and grist mill. His
children were — Gabriel, John, William, James, Nicholas, Nancy,
Sally, and Elizabeth. John married Rachel Zumwalt, by whom
he had — Lawrence and Andrew J. He died soon after, and in
1823 his widow and her two sons removed to Warren county,
where she married Newton Howell. Lawrence married Malinda
Hutchings, of St. Charles county. Andrew J. married Mary W.
Preston of St. Charles county.

Langfokd. — Parrish Langford married Sally Lawrence, of North
Carolina, and they settled first in Virginia, from whence tliey re-
moved to Smith Co., Tenn. They had five children — William,
Arthur, Jesse, Henry, and Moses. William, who was a soldier
in the war of 1812, married Sally King, of South Carohna, and
settled in Warren county in 1818. Their children were — Eliza-
beth, Polly, Nancy, Sally A., Delila, Lawrence, Arthur, Joshua,
Jesse, Richard W., John, William, and Henry. Nancy and
Delila married and settled in Pike Co., Mo. Lawrence, Henry,
Jesse, William, and Arthur married and settled in Warren county.
Joshua settled in Lawrence Co., Mo. Lawrence married Polly
McCann, a daughter of Neal McCann, who was an early settler
•of Warren county.

Lamme. — William T. and James Lamnie were sons of Robert
Lamme, of Bourbon Co., Ky. William T. settled in (now)
AVarren Co., Mo., in 1803. He was 1st Lieutenant in Nathan
Boone's company of rangers, and was afterward Major of a rcgi-

220 PIONEEU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ment. He married Frances Callawa}'^, daughter of Flanders
Callaway, and granddaughter of Daniel Boone, by whom he had
ten children — Serena, Zarina, Ilulda, Cornelia, Missouri, Jose-
phine, Jackson, Leonidas, Achiles, and. Napoleon B. Mr. Lamme
had a good education, was a fine business man, and left his family
in good circumstances at his death. Zarina Lamme married
Willis Bryan, a son of David Brj'an, who was the first settler
within the present limits of Warren county. Hulda married John
Bryan, called "Long Jack," on account of his extraordinary
height, who was also a son of David Bryan. Missouri married
Jesse Caton. Josephine married Campbell Marshall. All of the
above are dead except Ilulda, who lives with her son, John C,
who is Recorder of Franklin county, and a pominent and influ-
ential citizen. Achiles Lamme lives in Montana, where he
carries on an extensive mercantile business. Napoleon B. lives
in California. Serena married Lewis Howell.

LiLEs. — Hugh Liles and his wife and children, whose names
were — Robert, Polly, William, James, Elizabeth, Sally, and Ann
— settled in (now) Warren county in the year 1809. Robert, the
eldest son, married Polly Walker, and settled in Audrain county,
Mo. Polly married Joshua James, and settled in Warren count3\
Sally married James Kennedy. Ann married a German. Hugh
Liles was a great hunter, and belonged to the rangers.

Martin. — James Martin, of Campbell county, Va., married
CaroUne Burton, by whom he had — William, Elizabeth, Oliver
W., Frances A., Edward M., Caroline W., Cynthia P., Sarah,
and Thomas J. Mr. Martin settled in Warren county in 1830.
William and P]lizabeth remained in Virginia. Caroline W. married
Garret Pratt, and lives in Warren county. Cynthia P. married
William H. H. Simpson, of St. Charles county. Sarah married
Charles A. Womack, of Lincoln county.

McKiNXEY. — John McKinney, of Staunton, Virginia, served in
the American army during the latter part of the revolution, and
had his thigh broken by a musket ball, which lamed him for life.
He settled at Lexington, Kentucky, where he taught school, and
was elected Sheriff of the county. He married a Mexican
woman, by whom he raised a large family. In 1805 he came to
Missouri on a trading and prospecting tour, and in 1809 he
moved his family here. When the Indian war began, he took his
family back to Kentucky, to get them out of danger. His son
Alexander remained, married Nancy Bryan, who was only six-
teen years of age, and settled near Charrette creek, in (now)
Warren county. He was a surveyor and a fine business man, and
accumulated a fortune before his death. He also served in the
State Legislature during several sessions. His sister Elizabeth
married John King, who settled near Marthasville. John McKin-

WARREN COUNTY 221

ney traveled back and forth between Kentucky and Missouri as
long as he lived, trading in land and land warrants.

Morgan. — Mordecai Morgan, of .Shelby county, Kentuck}',
married Catharine Turner, and settled in (now) Warren county,
Missouri, in 1814. He was a noted pioneer of that county, and
the first County Court was held in his house. His chil-
dren were Malinda, Hiram, Rachel, Maranda, Matilda, Missouri,
Martha, and Minerva. Malinda married James Bryan, a son of
David Bryan. Hiram was a ranger in Nathan Boone's company.
He died of cholera, at Rock Island, in 1832. Rachel married
Samuel Dougherty, of Warren county. Maranda married
Louisa Harper, of Lincoln county. Matilda married Levi Hinds,
of Tennessee, who settled in Warren county. Missouri
•died single. Martha married William Harper, who is at
present a banker in Mexico, Missouri. Minerva married Edward
Pleasants, of Virginia, who settled in Warren county, Missouri,
in 1830.

NoRTHCUT. — John Northcut, of Kentucky, married Jane Trim-
ble, and settled on Cha'rrette creek in 1820. He was an ardent
Methodist, and used to exhort and preach in a style peculiar to
himself. He had three daughters, and was very much opposed
to their getting married. He was not willing for them to learn
to write, lest they should send letters to their sweethearts ;
but they all contrived to get married in spite of his precautions.
The names of his children were — Elizabeth, George, John, Polly,
Joseph E., Stemmons, and Jt.ne. Elizabeth married Mr. Keithey,
of St. Charles county. George married Kitty Welch, and raised
a large family before his death. John married Kitty Kite, of
Warren county. Polly married Nathan Keithley, and lives in
Lynn county, Missouri. Joseph E. married Miss Welch, daugh-
ter of John Welch, of Warren county. Stemmons married a
daughter of Henry Welch, of the same county. Jane married
James Welch.

OwiNGS. — George Owings, of Maryland, married a Miss Wells,
by whom he had twelve children. He was married the second
time, and had twelve children moi*e. Two of his sons, John and
Thomas, by his first wife, came to Missouri in 1816, and settled in
Warren county. Thomas married Mary O'Brien, and moved to
Illinois. John was in the war of 1812. He married Hattie Mc-
Garvey, by whom he had fifteen children — James M., Richard,
George W., David R., Joseph E., John B., Thomas, William H.,
Weslej', Rachel, Nancy, Julia, Maria, Eliza J., and Emily. All
the children lived to be grown, and all married except Wesley
and Rachel. Mr. Owings was a devout Methodist, and built a
church near his house, wliich he called Ebenezer. He came to
IMissouri in a cart, drawn by two horses, one before the other.
He kept this cart for many years, and used it on his farm.

222 PIONEER FA5IILIES OF MISSOURI

Pratt. — Thomas Pratt, of Culpepper county, Virginia, married
a Miss Smith, by whom he had Thomas B., Elizabeth, and Ann.
His first wife died, and he was married the second time to Mar-
tha Terrell, by whom he had — Jonathan, Milton W., Lucinda,^
Mary, and Martha. Mr. Pratt settled in Warren county in 1831,
with all of his children except Thomas B. , and most of them now
reside in that county.

Pringle. — Norman Pringle, of Connecticut, settled in "Warren
county in 1819. He was a very intelligent man, and was fre-
quently solicited to run for office, but always refused, because he
had so great a dislike for politics. He married Sally Kellogg, by
whom he had nine children — Jane, Judith, Helen, Harriet,
Huldah R., Virgil, Mark, Norman O., and Charles W. All of
the children except Mark (who died a bachelor) married, and
most of them live in Warren county.

Preston. — John Preston was left an orphan when very young,
but at eight years of age he was adopted by an old gentleman
and his wife, who were very kind to him. They took him to
Rock Castle Co., Ky., and educated him, as though he had been
their own son. When he was of age he married Jane Day, and
came to St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1820. They had eleven chil-
dren, only fi.ve of whom lived to be grown. Their names were —
Frank L., Mary W., Caroline V., Liberty M., and Fanny H.
Mr. Preston and his wife were the first members of the Old Bap-
tist Church at Warrenton

Price. — Lemuel Price, of North Carolina, settled on the
Boone's Lick road, near Camp Branch, in (now) W arren count}^
in 1815. He came to Missouri the j-ear previous, but as the
Indians were very troublesome at that time, he remained in one
of the forts until, the following year, when he erected his cabin at
the place mentioned above. It was the first habitation erected
on Camp Branch. Isaac VanBibber, Patrick Ewing, Boone Hays,
and Lewis Jones assisted in raising the .cabin. Mr. Price had
eight children — James, Lamb W., Parthena, Margaret, Miles,
Job, Caroline, and. Alfonso. James married and moved to Texas.
Parthena married John Thurman. Margaret married Joseph
Thurmau. Miles faaarried the widow of John Skinner. Job mar-
ried a Miss Bryan. Caroline married a man named Williams.
Alfonso manied Sarah Gammon, and they had — Lamb, Benjamin
Elizabeth, Lucinda, John, Timothy, Virginia, Alfonso, and Anna;

• Sherman.— ^David Sherman, who was a millwright by trade,
settled in Warren county in 1819. His wife's maiden name was
Margaret Root, and their children were — David, William, Lucin-
da, Ira, Frank, Mary A., Charles, Electa M., and George AV
All these, except David, married and settled in Missouri.

WARllEN COUNTY 223

Simpson. — James Simpson was the owner of Simpson's Ferry
on the Kentucky river. He had a son named Erasmus, who mar-
ried Mary Bartlett, of Virginia, and they had — Fortes B., Eliza-
beth, Tliomas, James W., Martha, William H. H., John L., Mar}-,
Julia, and Jeptha D. Fortes B. settled in Warren county in
1828. P^lizabeth married William B. King, and they settled in
St. Charles county in 1830. Martha married Sidney S. Wood,
who settled in St. Chax'les county in 1835. Julia married Joseph
I. Carter, and settled in St. Charles county in 183G.

Tick. — John Tice, a German, and an uncle of the celebrated
Prof. Tice, of St. Louis, settled in Warren county about 1809,
and was the first settler on Pinckney Bottom. When the over-
flow of 1824 came he refused to leave his house, but moved his
family upstairs and waited patiently for the water to subside.
But in order to be prepared for escape in case of an emergency,
he tied two meat trouglis together to be used as a canoe. Some
of his neighbors who had fled to the Jiills, became alarmed at the
absence of Tice and his family, and went to their house on a raft,
to see what had become of them. They found them safe, but
unwilling to abandon their home ; so they left them. Fortunately
the water did not sweep the house awa}'^ or reach the second story,,
and they remained in safety until the riyer receded into its banks.
When Mr. Tice first settled on Pinckney Bottom, the country was
infested by hostile Indians, and they had to be always on the
lookout for them. One day Tice went into the woods near the
river, for some purpose, and came close upon a white man who
was making an ax helve, without perceiving him. The man,
thinking he would have a little fun, rapped upon the ax helve
with the blade of his knife, making it sound like the snapping of
a gun, which frightened Tice so badly that he sprang into the
river and swam to the other side. The names of Mr. Tice's
children were — John, Joseph, Mary, and Sally. Tlic latter was
a splendid ball player, and played with tiie •)oys at school, who
always chose her first, because she could beat any of them.

Wyatt. — Frank Wyatt was a native of North Carolina, but
settled and Uved in Montgomery Co., Ky. Ha came to ^Missouri
five times to look at the country, but could never make up his
mind to m,ove here. He had four sons — John, Anthony, Doug-
lass, and Joseph. John was a Captain in the war of 1812. He
settled in Missouri in 1817, and married Attossa Sharp, by whom
be had seven children — John, Jr., Sarah, Harriet, Catharine,
Margaret, Lucy, and Mary. Anthony came to Missouri in 181G.
He married Mary Smith, daughter of Henry Smith and Nancy
Davis (who were natives of Wales), and by her he had — Henry
S., James W., Joseph, Martha A., Nancy J., and Frank. Doug-
lass Wyatt settled in Missouri in 1817. He married Elizabeth
See, of Montgomery county, and they had — Hayden, Amanda,

224 PIONEKU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Emily, Frank, Dougbiss, Jr., Joseph and Mary. Joseph Wyatt,
son of Frank, Sr., died a bachelor, in Franklin Co., Mo. (Chil-
dren of Anthony Wyatt.) Henry S. married Sarah Hopping.
James W. married Mai'tha A. Pearle. Joseph married Susan
Griswold. Martha A. married Thomas J. Marshall, of Mexico,
Mo., who was County Clerk of Warren county for eighteen years.
Nancy J. married John Jones, of Mexico, Mo. Frank was mar-
ried twice ; first to Eliza A. Jones, and after her death, to Maria
Farsdalc. Mr. Wyatt built a ferry boat for Thomas Howell, who
paid him in gold, and then offered to run a foot race for the
money he had paid him. But Mr. Wyatt did not consider it safe
to take the risk, notwithstanding he was a young man and Mr.
II. was sixty-seven years old.

Waixer. — Thomas Waller, of Spottsylvania Co., Va., was born
in July, 1732, and his wife, Sarah Dabney, was born in October,
1740. They had nine children — ^lary, Anna, Agnes, Dolly,
Carr, Dabnej', Comfort, Elizabeth, and John. Carr married
P^lizabeth Martin, by whom he had— Sarah M., William I.,
Joseph G., and Martha M. Sarah M. married Henry P2dwards.
William I. married Maria Norval. Joseph G. married Virginia
McDonnell, and settled in Warren Co., Mo., in 1830. They had
nine children — Susan, Martha, Agnes, Jane, Collin, John, Louisa,
Joseph, and Eliza. — Martha M. Waller married Henry Pritchett,
who settled in Missouri in 1835. Their children were — Carr W.,
Lizzie, Sarah, William I., Julia D., Joseph II., John F,, INLartha
P., Edwin, and Mary E. Joseph II. is a distinguislied Methodist
minister, and Carr W., principal of Pritchett Institute at Glas-
gow, Mo., is one of the most highly educated men in the State.
The AValler and I'ritchett families are well educated and intelli-
gent, and exercise a large influence for good in their respective
communities.

Wright. — Richard Wright, of Culpepper county, Va., was a
soldier of the War of 1812. He married Ann Smith, of Virginia,
and settled in Warren county, IMo., in 1822. In 1858 he removed
to Lincoln county, where he died. His children were — IClizabeth,
Henry C, Susannah, Ann jM., George W., and Francis M. Eliz-
abeth married INIarion Ross, who settled in Lincoln county.
Henry C. is a physician. He settled in Warren county, and
when the North Missouri Railroad was built he laid off a town on
his farm, and called it Wright City. Tlie place now numbers some
live or six hundred inhabitants, and is a thriving town. Dr. Wright
represented his county in tiie Lower House of tlie Legislature two
terms, and one term in tlie State Senate. He at present resides
in St. Louis, and enjoys a comfortable fortune. Susannah Wright
married Presley Ross, of Lincoln county. Ann M. married James
Taylor, who died in California. George W. married Judith Carter,
of St. Charles Co. Frank M. married Nancy Gizer, of Lincoln Co.

WARREN COUNTY 225

Williams. — Edvvard Williams, of North Carolina, went to Ken-
tucky with Daniel Boone, and lived for some time at Boonesbor-
ough, where he married Jemima Anderson, daughter of Major
Jack Anderson. Their children were — Daniel, Joshua, Pernell,
Casper, Susan, and Caleb. The latter married Elizabeth Wood-
land, of Kentucky, and settled in Warren county in 1818. They
had nine children — William, Dulcinea, Laurel, Abihue, Heath,
Jane, Zuima, Elizabeth, and Caleb C. Dulcinea married Everett
Creech, who settled in Warren county in 1819. Jane married
William Guerdo, son of Jared D. Guerdo, who settled in St.
Charles county in 1806. Elizabeth married William Anderson,
who settled in Warren county in 1832. Caleb Williams was Jus-
tice of the Peace in Warren county for many years.

Wyatt. — Frank Wyatt, of North Carolina, had the following
children — John, William, Frank, Jr., Ricks, Polly, Elizabeth, and
Sally. John, William, and Ricks settled in Lincoln county, Ken-
tucky, at a very early date, and the former served as a soldier in
the revolutionary war. He married Polly Pearle, of Virginia, and
settled in Warren county, Mo., in 1817. They had — Martha,
Frank, Susan, Elizabeth, Sarah, Rebecca, WiUiam S., Mary A.,
Anna E., and Nancy. Frank was a soldier of the war of 1812, and
died of consumption in Kentucky. Nancy, Martha, and Anna E.
all died unmarried. Susan married James Pennington, of Ken-
tucky, who settled in Warren county in 1817. Their children
were — Frank M., John T., Liberty S., Mary C, Ephraim,
Rebecca, Isabella J., Martha F., and Lavinia W. Ehzabeth
Wyatt married William James, who settled in AVarren county in
1809. Their children were — John W., Martha A., Benjamin S.,
William F., and Lucian A. Mr. James was Judge of the County
Court for some time, and Sheriflf two terms. Sarah Wyatt
married Walter T. James, who settled in Warren county in 1709.
They had— Frank W., Mary A., William S., John B., Elizabeth,
Joel P., Rex, and Lycurgus. Rebecca Wyatt was married first to
Joel Pearle, who settled in Warren county in 1828. . They had
two children — John H., and Mary A., when Mr. Pearle died, and
his widow subsequently married Joseph Rattsburn, of Ohio.
William S. Wyatt married Patience Pearle ; but they had no chil-
dren. Mary A. married and settled in Missouri.

Wheeler. — Chester Wheeler, of Vermont, settled in (now)
Warren county. Mo., in 1810 or 1812. He married Joanna,
daughter of Henry Bryan, and they had a large family of chil-
dren. Their son, Samuel H., who is at presentTreasurer of Mont-
gomery county, and a leading and influential citizen, was raised
by his uncle, John Davis. He married Margaret Fulkerson,
daughter of the late Col. Robert Fulkerson, of Danville.

Young. — Leonard Young, of Virginia, married Mary Higgins,
and settled in Fayette Co., Ky. They had thirteen children —
15

226 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Nancy, Elizabeth, William, James, Richard, Frances, Jane, John,
Aaron H., Henry, Mary, Catharine, and Benjamin. James mar-
ried Nancy Booker, by whom he had — Elizabeth, WilHam, Rich-
ard, Mary, Miartha, Nancy K., Booker, James S., Sarah J., Fran-
ces A. , Caroline, John H. , and Elenora E. William and Mary came
to Missouri. The latter married Stephen Ellis, of Kentucky, who
settled in St. Charles Co., Mo., in 1826. William was born in
Shelby Co., Ky., in March, 1803. He settled in the town of St.
Charles in 1827 ; but the following year he removed to Tro}'^, in
Lincoln county, where he practiced law for many years. He was
also County Judge. He was married first to Martha A. Boyd,
daughter of Hon. Wilham G. Boyd, of Shelby Co., Ky., by
whom he had but one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Toung
also died, and he was married the second time to Sarah C. Rus-
sell, of Kentucky, by whom he had — James R., Richard, Samuel,
William H., Anna B., and Susan F. E. — John, Aaron H., and
Benjamin Young also came to Missouri. John was a physician,
having graduated at the Philadelphia Medical College. He came
to Warren county in 1816, and laid off the town of Marthasville,
which he named for his first wife, Martha Fuqua. He was mar-
ried twice ; first, to Martha Fuqua, of Virginia, in 1805, who died
without children. In 1811 he married Sarah Scott, of Virginia,
who also died without children. The Doctor moved to St. Louis-
in 1827, and died while on a visit to some of his wife's relations
in Alabama, in 1832. — Aaron Young was married in 1804, to The-
odosia Winn, of Fayette Co., Ky., and came to Missouri and set-
tled near Marthasville in 1819. His children were — James, Mar-
tha, Elizabeth, Leonard, and Mary. Mr. Young served as County
Judge for several terms, and finally moved to St. Louis county,
where he died. — Benjamin Young was born in Fayette Co., Ky.,
in 1791. He married Mary Maaro, and came to Warren county
in 1819. He settled at Marthasville, and opened a store,,
being the first merchant of the place. In 1820 he removed to Cal-
laway county and settled in Ham's Prairie, at a place called Eliz-
abeth, which was the first county seat of Callaway county. In
February, 1821, he was appointed the first County Judge, by Gov.
McNair, which office he filled for a number of years with credit to
himself and the county. Mr. Young was a man of superior tal-
ents, and represented Callaway county in both Houses of the State
Legislature for a number of years. He was also a member of
the Constitutional Convention of 1845. Unfortunately he had an
impediment in his speech, and always had to go through a certain
formula before he could speak, which was as follows: " Be-kase,
be-kase, be-kase, sir, by g — d," at the same time advancing with
a short hop at the utterance of each word. He was married twice,
and 'by his first wife had — Hannah, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth,
and William M. By his second wife he had Anna and Martha.

WAKUEN COUNTY 227

Yater. — Conrad Yate , of Gtrmany, came to America and set-
tled first in Virginia, where he married. In 1818 he came to Mis-
souri and settled, in Warren county. During his residence here he
built four mills (one run by water, two by horses, and one by
oxen), and one distillery. His children were — Joseph, Peter S.,
Polly, Elizabeth, Nancy, Henry, Sarah, Catharine, Charles, and
George W. Joseph married Polly Phoenix, and settled in Pike
Co., Mo. Polly married John Johnson, of Pike county. Eliza-
beth married Joseph King, of Montgomery county. Nancy mar-
ried Colonel Reuben Pew, of Montgomery county. Henry mar-
ried Susan Shields, of Pike county. Sarah married Israel Sitters,
of Callaway county. Catharine married Nicholas Bradlej-, of Cal-
lawa}' county. Charles married Judith Jamison, of Callaway
county. George W. married Elizabeth Coil, and settled in War-
ren county. Peter S. married Miss Slonce, of Kentucky, and set-
tled in Warren county in 1818. He built a stone chimney 8x9
feet in size, and afterward built a cabin to the chimney. He ob-
tained assistance from St. Charles county- to raise his cabin, and
as he furnished plenty of good whisky, it took them a week to
finish it. When the house was completed he gave a dance, and
during the night the floor gave way and let them all down into
the cellar. Thomas Howell played the fiddle, and Rev. Thomas
Bowen, who was a young man then, .danced as vigorously as any
of the other guests.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

The county of Montgomery was organized December 14, 1818,
out of surplus territory of St. Charles county. It was named for
Montgomery county, Ky . , because so many citizens of that county
had settled here. The statement that it was named in honor of
General Montgomery, who fell at the battle of Quebec, soon after
the commencement of the American revolution, is erroneous.

The seat of justice was first located at Pinckney,.on the Missouri
river, and within the present liqiits of Warren county. This
town was named for Miss Attossa Pinckney Sharp, daughter of Maj.
Benjamin Sharp, the first Clerk of the County and Circuit Courts
of Montgomery county. It was once a flourishing place, but the
removal of the county seat to Lewiston proved its death blow,
and the town disappeared many years ago. The spot where it'
originally stood has fallen into the river, and a postoffice in the
vicinity, with perhaps one store, are the only reminders of its
existence. The land upon which the town was built was origin-
ally granted to Mr. John Meek, by the Spanish government, but
he failed to comply with the terms, and it reverted to the United
States government upon its purchase of the territory. It was
sold at the land sales in 1818, and bought by Mr. Alex!ander Mc-
Kinney, who sold fifty acres of the tract to the County Commis-
sioners, for the use of the county, for which he received $500.
The Commissioners were, David Bryan, Andrew Fourt, and Moses
Summers. The first public building erected in the place was the
jail, which was built in 1820, at a cost of $2,500. During the
summer of the same year, Nathaniel Hart and George Edmonson
built a frame house there, which was the first frame house erected
in Montgomery county. It was 25x30 feet in size, and wasrented
to the county for a court house, at $100 per year. The rent was
paid with county scrip worth 25c to the dollar. The same sum-

'"^'^S.BENJ. SHARP

'^'^TME M. E. CHURCH, SOU^"-

.... •. '.

^^nfjy shock I

C At LABWAY"

JOHN JAMES0>'

C*Ul.AWAV<iO-

MMt.^Miaw un niMir

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 229

mer Frederick Gris wold built a log store house, and opened the
first store in Pinckney. The next house erected in the place was
a mill, partly built by Hus^h McDermid, who sold it to two Ger-
mans named Lineweaver and Duvil, who completed it.

The first Judges of the County Court were, Isaac Clark, Moses
Summers, and John Wyatt. At the first meeting of the Court Mr.
Clark resigned, and Maj. Benjamin Sharp was appointed to fill the
vacancy. He also resigned soon afterward, and Hugh McDermid
was appointed in his place, after which there was no other change
in the Court until the removal of the county seat to Lewiston.
Previous to his appointment as Judge of the County Court, Mc-
Dermid was a member of the Territorial Legislature, and when
the line was established between Montgomery and St. Charles
counties he acted as one of the Commissioners for the former
county.

Irvine S. Pitman was the first Sheriflf of Montgomery county.
John C. Long was appointed first County and Circuit Clerk, by
Governor McNair, after the admission of the Territory into the
Union, but he sold the offices to Jacob L. Sharp before assuming
his duties ; so that Mr. Sharp became the fii-st incumbent of those
two offices under the State government, which he held by election
for many years afterward. Robert W. Wells was the first
Prosecuting Attorney, and Alexander McKiuney was the first
County Surveyor.

Andrew Fourt built the first hotel in Pinckney, and on court
days he generally had a lively time. Men would come to town
and get drunk, and then quarrel and fight in and around the hotel,
which they regarded as a public place, where they could do as
they pleased. Among the most noisy characters of that class was
a man known as Big Ben Ellis, of South Bear creek, aad one day
he became so demonstrative that Fourt offered him a dollar to
leave the house. He took the money, stepped out at the door,
came right back again, and told Fourt that if he would give
him another dollar he would go home. He finally compromised
on fifty cents, and took his departure.

The first criminal case tried in Pinckney was against a man
named Jim Goen, who had stolen a pair of shoes from his sweet-
heart. He was sentenced by the court to receive twenty-nine
lashes at the whipping post, which, at that time, was u familiar
instrument of justice, as there was one at every court house in
the State. As soon as the sentence was pronounced, the pris-

230 PIONEKK FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

oner stai'tecl to run, and the Sheriff (Mr. Irvine Pitman) gave
•chase. It was a pretty close race until they came to a fence,
which Goen attempted to jump, but failed and fell on his back.
Pitman secured him, took him back to the whipping post, and in-
flicted the punishment, which was the first and last sentence of
the kind ever executed at Pinckney.

In 1826 or 1827, the seatof justice of Montgomery county was
removed to a place called Lewiston, situated a short distance
south of the present site of New Florence. Every vestige of the
town has long since disappeared. It was named in honor of Col.
Merriwether Lewis, generally known from his connection with
Lewis and Clark's famous expedition to the Pacific Ocean, and who
was also the second Governor of the Territory of Upper Louisi-
ana. The land upon which the town was situated was entered in
1818, by Amos Kibbe, who donated to the county a sufficient
•quantity of land for the public buildings. Several courts were
held in Mr. Kibbe's house, but in 1824 a log court house and jail
were erected. The jail was built by Charles Allen. It was eigh-
teen feet square, and composed of two walls, one a few inches
•outside of the other, with hewn timbers set on end in the space
between. The court house was the same size as the jail, built of
logs, and floored with puncheons. The roof was composed of
clapboards, weighted down with poles. During the intervals be-
tween courts this house afforded a shelter for Mr. Kibbe's sheep,
which were driven out the day before the commencement of
each session, and the house swept clean. The materials for the
jail and the court house were furnished by various individuals,
who were paid with county warrants, with which some of them
liquidated their taxes for the next ten years.

Mr. Kibbe laid off and sold lots, and a small town soon came
into existence. George Bast and William Knox opened the first
«tore in Lewiston, and hauled their goods from St. Louis in a
wagon drawn by oxen. They sold principally for skins and furs,
which they bartered in St. Louis for new goods. Not long after
they began business they met with a serious misfortune, which
ruined them financially for the time being, and compelled them to
suspend. They had been to St. Louis with a load of furs, and
started home witli a stock of new goods in their wagon. "When
they drove on board the ferry-boat at St. Charles it sank, and
their team, wagon and goods were all lost. This misfortune left
them without nieans to carry on their business, and they suspended.

MONTGOMKKY COUNTY 231

In 1834 Danville was laid off by Judge Oily Williams, on land
'belonging to him, and the same year the seat of justice was estab-
lished there. This place is situated about five miles west of
where Lewiston stood, and was, for many years,, the most flour-
ishing town in that part of the country, but when the North Mis-
souri railroad was built, it was left several miles to the south, and
since then it has not prospered. It suff'ered severely from guer-
rilla raids during the late war between the North and South, dur-
ing one of which the court house was burned and all the public
records were consumed, and several prominent citizens killed. A
proposition will be submitted to the voters of Montgomery county
this fall, for the removal of the seat of justice to Montgomery
.City, and the friends of the. measure confidently expect to carry
it. A similar attempt was made several years ago, but failed.

In this connection the following letter from Mr. Alfred Kibbe,
a son of the founder of Lewiston, to the compilers of this work,
will be interesting. Mr. Kibbe at present resides at Dallas,
Texas, where his letter was dated, and as he has a great many
friends in Montgomery county, we have endeavored to preserve,
as nearly as possible, his characteristics of expression in copying
bis letter, thinking they would be glad to recognize something
that would call up memories of the olden time.

MR. KIBBK'S letter.

"You wanted to know something about my father. Amos Kibbe.
Well, he was born in the State of Connecticut, and emigrated
West when he was seventeen or eighteen years of age, in company
with his brother Timothy, who was a Colonel in the United States
army. My father parted with his brother somewhere in the State
of Ohio, and went to Little Sandy Salt Works in Greenup county,
Kentucky. After remaining there several years he became a
partner of Jesse Boone, son of old Daniel Boone, and they car-
ried on the salt making business for a number of years. They
finally sold out, in 1816, to a Louisville man named David Dell-
ward, and my father came to St. Louis, Missouri, and kept hotel
on the corner of Pine and Main streets for several years. In
1818 or 1819, (I can't remember which,) Missouri was admitted
into the Union as a State,* and the first session of the Legisla-
ture was held in St. Louis, t The Legislature was then removed

* This, of course, is a mistake, as the State was not admitted into the Union
until 1820.

t This is also incorrect. A session of the Legislature was held in St. Louis, com-
mencing on the third Monday of September, 1820, which was three months before the
commencement of the session of Congress at which tlie Territory was admitted into
the Union. This session was held under Authority of the State Constitution, which

232 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

to St. Charles, and my father moved there with it, and built a
hotel, which he kept for several years. After the removal of the
Legislature to Jefferson City [in 1826], my father sold his hotel
to a man from Kentucky, named Whitley, and moved to Calla-
way county, six miles north of Fulton. We were the first settlers
in that part of the county. Our nearest neighbor was a man
named VanBibber, who lived fifteen miles east of us on Loutre
creek. We lived at that place one year, and during that time my
mother died of consumption, and we buried her sometime in
August, 1822. My father then sold out to a man by the name of
McKinney, from Kentucky, and moved back to St. Charles. He
had not received all the pay for his hotel, and went back to col-
lect the balance that was due him ; and after doing so he moved
to Montgomery county, and settled in a little prairie eleven miles
from Camp Branch, where the Booneslick and Cotesansdessein
roads forked. While we were living there the county seat was
moved to that place, and my father donated half his land to the
county. A town was laid out by the county, and called Lewiston,
for the man that crossed the Rocky Mountains with General
Clark. In a few j'ears the county seat was moved again, to a
place called Danville, about eight miles up the Booneslick road.
This place was settled by a man named Oily Williams, who was
from one of the Eastern States, and was a very industrious man.
He was a mechanic, and built a mill with an inclined wheel, with
which he ground our wheat and corn. He afterwaixl attached a
wool carding machine and cotton gin and wheel to the same mill.
The people raised only enough cotton for their own use. A man
named,Whitesides, who lived twelve miles from Williams' mill, was
the first to raise cotton in IMontgomery county. Oily Williams
was the most useful man in the country, owing to his great skill
as a mechanic. He ground our corn and wheat, carded our wool,
ginned our cotton and spun it into thread. He built a fine brick
house, which was used as a hotel after the county seat was moved
to Danville. His property increased rapidly in value, and he
finally sold out for a good price and moved to St. Louis county,
and bought property close to the city, which made him rich. He
had a large family.

"My father was married twice. The maiden name of his first
wife, who was my mother, was Sidney Bragg, a daughter of
Thomas Bragg, who lived on the Ohio river at a place called
Lewisburg, in Lewis county, Kentucky. About one year after
the death of my mother, my father married a widow lady by the
name of Finch. She had two children, and he had six living and

had been adopted by the Convention, but not yet accepted by Congress. An act
passed this Legisiaturc on the 28th of Xovember, 1820, flxing the seat of government
at St. Charles, wliere the next Legiglature met in the winter of 1821-22, so that the
flrat Legislature of the State of Alissouri met in St. Charles. The seat of government
remained there until October, 1820, when it was removed to Jefl'erson City.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 233

one dead. My eldest brother, Preston, died of typhoid fever, a
disease which had just made its appearance and was considered
incurable. Its victims died suddenly, and nearly every one that
was attacked died. It was a long time before the doctors learned
how to cure the disease.

"My father had six children by his second wife. Some of my
half-brothers went to St. Louis tolive, and after they had been
there a while they sent for the old folks, who were growing old
and helpless. My father died a short time after he went to St..
Louis, at the age of seventy-five or seventy-six years. He was a
postmaster at the place where he lived in Kentucky, in 1793, and
some time after he settled in Montgomery county, he was
appointed postmaster again, and held the office for a number of
years. He was also county magistrate for some, time. M}^ step-
mother lived for a number of years after the death of 'my father,
and finally went to live with a son-in-law, on the Illinois river,
where she died.

"I will now give you some of the names of the old settlers of
Missouri. There was a large family by the name of Talbott that
settled first on Loutre Island. The next was Colonel Pitman,^
who married a Talbott. In the eastern part of the Slate [St.
Charles county] there was a large family by the name of Calla-
way, which was related to Daniel Boone's family by marriage.
Then there were the Bryans, McKinneys, Hayses, Sharps, Wyatts,
and Griswolds. Fred. W. Griswold was a merchant in the town
of Pinckney, which was the first county scat of Montgomery
county. That part of the country was quite thickly settled, but
no one lived on Loutre Prairie near where my father 'settled
except Jonathan Smith, whose house was about a mile below my
father's, on the Booneslick road. North of Lewiston lived John
Dutton, Glover Dozier, Bass Farrow, John Custer, Hensley, and
some few others. In the upper part of the county lived a noted
man by the name of Isaac VanBibber, whose house was at a place
called Loutre Lick, where the Booneslick road crosses Loutre
creek. He was raised an orphan boy by old Daniel Boone, and
was a very kind, generous hearted old man. He could tell a great
many things about the early settlement of Missouri, and the
trouble they used to have with the Indians. It was quite inter-
esting to hear him talk about old Grandfather Boone, who always
came to see him once a year, and would spend several weeks or
months at his house. It was at Isaac VanBibber's that I first
met Daniel Boone and got acquainted with him. I would rather
sit and hear him talk than to hear any other man I ever saw in my
life, and I have seen several of the greatest men of this nation,
among whom were Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, General Harri-
son, Thomas H. Benton, General Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and
last, but not least by any means, General Clark. Isaac Vaa-

234 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Bibber's nearest neighbor was Lewis Jones, who was a brother-
in-law of Mrs. VanBibber. He crossed the Rocky Mountains
with Lewis and Clark. Samuel Boone, a cousin of Daniel
Boone, and Isaac Clark, a very considerable man, lived in the
same region of country. Clark's eldest daughter married a man
named Knox, and their eldest son, named Henry, married a Miss
Talbott, of Loutre Island. Families by the name of Logan,
Davis, and Ellis lived on Bear creek, and P^noch and Aleck
Fruite liveil on Nine Mile Prairie. They were the first settlers
there. Jesse Boone, a son of Daniel Boone, settled in that part
of the country in 1820, and John Clark, a brother of Isaac Clark,
settled on Nine Mile Prairie in 1825. Israel and William Grant
lived in the southwestern corner of that prairie, where they set-
tled in 1819. Israel was afterward killed by two of his negroes,
who waylaid him on the road about three miles from home as he
was returning from Fulton, where he had gone to collect some
money. They killed him with clubs and knives. The next set-
tlers there were two brothers, named McMurtry, who bought out
the Fruites. Boone and Samuel Hays, relatives of Daniel Boone,
also lived in that part of the country.

" The first saw mill in Montgomery county was built by Col-
onel Pitman, on Loss creek. It was run by water.

"A man named Lomax, who was one of the early settlers of
Callaway county, was taken very sick and sent for a physician at
Fulton, who gave him calomel and salivated him very badly ; and
in order to stop salivation he poured cold water on him, which
caused him to lose all his teeth.

"When my father lived in Callaway county, we had to go forty
miles to mill, and take our own team to grind with. We went
three times a year.

" In the year 1817, while we were living in St. Louis, I saw the
first steamboat that ever landed at that place. It was simply a
large barge, with an engine and smoke stack. The first newspa-
per I ever saw was the Missouri Republican. It was published
then by a man named Charless, who was the father of Joseph
Charless.

"While we were living in St. Charles my father made the first
cradle for cutting grain that was ever seen in that county, and the
old French settlers viewed it with as much curiosity as their
friends in St. Louis did the first steamboat. When harvest came
my father sent several negro men with cradles to assist a farmer
named John East in cutting his wheat. When harvest was over
East wanted to pay several dollars per day for each of the hands,
the customary price being one dollar, 'because,' said he, 'each
of them did as much work as two or three men with sickles.'

" My grandmother's name was Lucy Bragg. She was born on
the Shenandoah river, in Virginia, and lived to be 113 years old.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 235

She was a widow for more than fifty years. Her mother was born
in Paris, France, and lived to be 120 years old. My grand-
mother gave m}' mother a negro woman who had eight children
at the time ; she afterward had eleven more, making nineteen in
all. The woman lived to be 110 years old, and died in St.
Louis.

" Yours, etc.,

"Alfred Kibbe."
The first person hanged in Montgomery county, by judicial
process, was a negro named Moses, who had killed his master,
John Tanner, who lived on Cuivre river, in tlie northern part of
the county. This murder was committed in 182H. The negro
had run away and hid in the woods, where he remained several
weeks. In the meantime he was furnished with a gun by a man
who had a grudge against his master, and with this weapon he
crawled up to the house and shot Tanner through an opening in the
wooden chimney, which had not been completed. The house was
an ordinary log cabin, such as the people universally occupied in
those days, and it had a partly finished puncheon floor. When
Tanner was shot he was sitting on this floor with his feet in his
•wife's lap, and his face tpward the chimney. The entire dis-
charge entered his breast. H^ sprang to his feet and called to
his wife to hand him his gun, but before she could do so he fell
on his face outside of the door, and expired immediately. The
negro was arrested and tried at Lewiston, and hanged in the
spring of 1829. Henry Clark was SheriflT at the time, and rode
in a cart with the negro, seated on his coffin, to the scaflTold.
The last act of the condemned man before his execution, was
to sing the hymn commencing,

" Show pity, Lord; O Lord forgive,"

which he did in such an affecting manner that nearly all who
were present shed tears. No other scene like it was ever wit-
nessed in Montgomery county. The body was given to Dr.
Jones, of Marthasville, who dissected it for the benefit of his
students.

It may not be generally known that the ancestor of the notori-
ous Younger boys was an early settler of jMontgomery county.
His name was Charles Younger. He came from Mount Sterling,
Ky., and settled near Pinckney, then in Montgomery, but now in
"Warren county, about 1819, where he lived until 1822, when he
removed to Callaway county, and settled on Auxvasse creek. He
was a horse racer and gambler in Kentucky, and followed the

236 PIONEER FA3IILIES OF MISSOURI

same pursuits in Missouri. One day in Kentucky, he placed his
little son on a fine horse to run a race. The horse threw the
child and killed him, but Younger dragged his body out of the
way and placed another son on the horse, who won the race. In
1823 he sold his place on the Auxvasse to David Henderson, and
removed to Clay county, where he died soon after. His son,
Coleman Younger, who was the father of the boys who have be-
come so well known as outlaws in this State, was a delegate from
Clay county to the Convention that nominated General Ta3dor
for President in 1848.

Bear Creek, in Montgomer}'^ county, was so named by Daniel
Boone, because he found a great many bears in that locality.
North Bear creek was named by Presley Anderson, who settled in
Montgomery county in 1817. The name originated in an adventure
which he had with some bears, one day, while hunting on that
stream and which nearly cost him his life. AVhile stalking through
the woods looking for game, he saw two cub bears run up a tree,
a short distance from liim, and desiring to capture them alive, he
set his gun down and climbed after them. Pretty soon he heard
a fearful snorting and tearing of the brush under him, and looking
down he saw the old mother bear just beginning to climb the tree
after him, with her-bristles on end and her white teeth glistening
between her extended jaws. He knew she meant business, and
began to wish himself somewhere else. To go down by the angry
brute was impossible, and it was equally impossible to ascend
higher, as the slender branches would not sustain his weight. If
he remained where he was he must sustain a hand-to-hand con-
test with the old bear, which he knew would result entix'ely in her
favor. He had only one way to escape, and that was to play the
squirrel and jump to another tree. It was a desperate chance^
but he felt the hot breath of the old bear close to him, and deter-
termined to take it. Gathering himself up for a desperate spring,
he made it, and safely landed among the branches of a neighbor-
ing tree. Then hastily sliding to the ground, he secured his gun,
and killed all the bears. This incident led him to name the adja-
cent stream Bear creek, but as main Bear creek had already been
named, he designated the former as North Bear creek, by which
name it has been known ever since.

On a small stream in the southern part of Montgomery county
there' is a huge, singular looking rock, known as Pinnacle Rock.
It stands alone in the midst of a small valley, and rises perpen-

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 237

dicularly on all sides except one, to th.e height of seventy-five feet.
It covers an area of about one acre, and the top is flat and
covered with trees, grass, etc. A shelving path on one side
affords a safe ascent, and the people of the vicinity often collect
there on picnic occasions and Fourth of July celebrations. Dur-
ing the last few summers the Pinnacle has been used as a preach-
ing place, and the praises of God are often heard ascending from
its romantic summit.

The dates of the organizations of the various churches in Mont-
gomery county are difficult to obtain. Some of them are given
in connection with the histories of families. On the 16th of
April, 1824, a Baptist church called Freedom was organized at
the house of John Snethen, on Dry Fork of Loutre, by Revs.
William Coats and Felix Brown. The following members were
enrolled at the time: John Snethen and wife, Nancy Skelton,
Sarah Elston, William Hall, Mary Allen, and Jonathan Elston.
Mr. Snethen was chosen Deacon, and J-onathan Elston Clerk. A
small log church was erected the following July, and their meet-
ings were held in it for a number of years. In this church, on
January 4, 1825, Alexander Snethen and Jabez Ham were or-
dained ministers, by Revs. William Coats and Absalom Brain-
bridge. During the first four years of the existence of this
church the collections for all purposes amounted to $1.75. On
one occasion two of the members were sent as delegates to a
Baptist Association south of the Missouri river, and they con-
cluded to swim the river on their horses, and save the money
which had been given .them to pay their ferriage. After swim-
ming the river they invested the money in whiskej', and both got
" tight," for which offence they were tried and suspended.

About 1838 another church building was erected on South Bear
-creek, also called Freedom, but owing to its location near some
stagnant water, it subsequently received tne facetious appellation
of "Frog Pond." The association was afterward removed to
-Jonesburg, and retained the name of Freedom.

FAMILIES OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

Allen. — Charles Allen and his wife, Elizabeth Powell, settled
in Kentucky in 1800, and came to Montgomery Co., Mo., in
1823. Their children were — Joseph H,, David P., Charles P.,
Polly E., Elizabeth B., Anna A., Martha C, Tabitha W., Lucy
J., and Catharine C. Mr. Allen was a carpenter by trade, and

238 PIONEEK FA5IILIES OF 3IISSOURI

built the jail at Lewiston. His son, Joseph H., who was a physi-
cian, died at Troj^ in Lincoln county. David P. was married
first to Ann Boone, by whom he had two children. After her
death be married Nancy Courtne}^ of St. Charles, and they had
eight children. He died in 1874. Charles P. married Eliza J.
Courtney, by whom he had thirteen children. Tabitha and Cath-
arine died before they were grown. Polly and Elizabeth married
brothers named Simpson. Anna married William Cowherd, and
their children were — Charles A., James D., William R., Catharine
C., Martha E., and Elizabeth P. Charles and William died
before they were grown. James married Ella Logan, of Mont-
gomery county. Martha married Joseph Crane, of Callaway
county. ' EHzabeth married Charles Blades, of Montgomery
county.

Adams. — James Adams, of Virginia, settled in St. Louis Co.,
Mo., in 1818. He married Sally Brown, and their children
were — Burrell, James, Polly, Sally, Ellizabeth, Lucy, Rebecca,
Martha, and Nancy. Burrell was a soldier in the war of 1812.
He came to Missouri in 1816, with Judge Beverly Tucker, and
was married in 1818 to Harriet Allen, a daughter of John Allen,
who died in 1830. Mr. Adams died in Danville, Mo., during the
summer of 1876, in his 82d year. He had eight children — William
B., B. T., J. B., James B., Susan F., John A., C. C, and Sarah
E. William B. is a physician, lives in Danville, and has a prac-
tice that extends for many miles over that portion of the coun-
try. He is a very intelligent man, and exercises a large influ-
ence in the affairs of the county, which he has represented in the
State Legislature. He possesses a large fund of ready wit and
humor, and is an entertaining conversationalist.

Anderson. — Presley Anderson and his wife, Elizabeth Steele,
settled in Montgomery Co., Ky., in 1779. Their children were
John A. S., James, William, Presley, Jr., Lucy, and Eliza. John
A. S., better known as Captain Jack, was a remarkable man in
his day, and is well remembered by the old citizens of Montgom-
ery and Callaway counties. We give his history elsewhere.
Presley, Jr., married Euphemia Jones, of Tennessee, and set-
tled first in Warren Co., Mo., in 1814, from whence he removed
to Montgomery countj^ in 1817, and settled near Brush creek.
He brought his famil}^ to Missouri on paqk-horses, and they occu-
pied Robert Ramsey's house, near Marthasville, soon after the
murder of the family of the latter. The blood was still upon the
floor when they went into the house, and Mrs. Anderson scoured
it up before they put their furniture in. During the Indian war
Mr. Anderson served as a ranger in Capt. Hargrove's company,
in Illinois. He was a devout Methodist, and the preachers of
that denomination held services in his house for many j^ears.
The names of his children were — Presley, Jr., Joseph, James,

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 239

William, John, Margaret, Lucy, Elizabeth, and Eliza. James
Anderson married Eliza Journey, of St. Charles county, and settled
on Brush creek, in Montgomery county. He afterward removed
to St. Louis county, where he died. Eliza Anderson married
John Dabney, who settled near Middletown in 1830.

.Andrkws. — William Andrews, of Virginia, had a son Robert,
who married Nancy Edmonds, and settled in Missouri in
1833. Thek- children were — William, Samuel, Sally, Mary J.,
and Catharine.

Andkrson.— Johu Anderson, of England, had a son John, who
married Letitia Stewart. They also had a son John, who married
Jane Clark, and they had — Gustavus A., William E., Theresa J.,.
Robert S., Eliza C, and John W. Gustavus A. graduated in
medicine, and settled in Missouri in 1836. He was married first
to Jemima E. Fisher, and after her death to Mary A. Talbott,
daughter of Major Kit Talbott, of Loutre Island.

Bush. — William Bush, of Fayette, Co., Ky., had — Benjamin,
Ambrose, Levi, and Matilda. Benjamin married and settled in
Illinois, on the bank of the Mississippi river, and was murdered
under the following circumstances : Parties on the opposite side of
the river owed him a considerable amount of money, and he went
over on the ferryboat, one day, to collect it. As he was returning
that evening he was robbed while on the boat, and then thrown in-
to the river. — Levi and Matilda Bush both married and lived and
died in Kentucky. Ambrose married Nancy Douglass, and settled
first in Illinois, near his brother Benjamin, where he remained one
year, and then (in 1818) he removed to Missouri and settled at
Charrette, in Warren county. In 1818 he settled on Dry Fork of
Loutre, in Montgomery county. Mr. Bush was a shrewd business
man, and made a fortune by trading in horses and other stock.
He .had a low, soft voice and gentlemanly manners, and was a
general favorite with his neighbors. He died in 1873, at the
advanced age of 88 years. His wife died many years previous.
Their children were — Greenberry, Maria, Edwaitl D., William,
and Ella. Greenbury married Sarah Cundiff", and they had —
William D., Eliza A., Nancy J., Amanda G., Caroline, Mary,
Clay, Edward W., Virginia, and Susan. Mr. Bush seryed as
Sheriff and Assessor of Montgomery county for several years.
He was also elected to the Legislature one term. Maria Bush
was married first to Aaron Groom, and after his death ehe mar-
ried William M. Wright. Edward D. married Virginia Mosley,
and died in 1863. His children were — Lavinia, John, Greenberry
B., William T., Judith A., Lydia, Benjamin F., Emma, and
Fannie.

Baker. — David Baker, son of Robert Baker, of England, mar-
ried Mary Anderson, in November, 1756, and settled in Norfolk,
Va. They had — Elizabeth, Mary, Benjamin, David, Robert,

240 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Sarah, Dempsey, Thomas, and James. David was born in No-
Tember, 1763. He married Judith Johnson, and they had — Syl-
vester, Thomas J., and John. Sylvester, who was born in 1791,
married the widow of John Johnson, whose maiden name was
Elsey Ward, and settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1820. His
children were — Judith, David W., Sylvester, Jr., William M., and
JohnF. Capt. John Baker was born in 1795. He married Liz-
zie Johnson, and settled in Montgomery county in 1820. They
had — Sylvester C, Elsey A., Robert W., John J., Mary K., Ju-
dith M., Margaret E., and Dicey B. V. Capt. Baker built a
water mill on Loutre creek, and a rather singular circumstance
happened to it one day. The mill was running at full speed,
with a heavy head of water on, when the wheel suddenly blocked
and the machinery stopped with a jar and crash that shook the
mill to its foundation. Upon examining the wheel a large cat-
fish was found in it. The fish was taken out, a handspike run
through its gills, and two tall negroes hoisted it on their shoul-
ders and carried it to the house ; and it was so long that its tail
dragged on the ground. This is a considerable fish story, but it
is true.

Baker. — Rev. Robert Baker came from Tennessee to Missouri
at a very early date, and was one of the first Methodist preachers
in Montgomery county. He organized the first church of that de-
nomination in this county, at the house of Rev. Drury Clanton,
who was also a Methodist preacher. His house was situated on
a branch called "Pinch," about five miles southwest of Danville,
and the church was organized in 1819. Baker was an old rev-
olutionary soldier and drew a pension from the government, all
of which he gave to his church and the Sunday-school cause. He
had two sons, Jacob and Esau, who were as much unlike each
other in personal appearance as it was possible for them to be ;
Jacob being six feet two inches in height, while Esau measured
only four feet five inches. The former settled in Callaway
county, near Readesville. He had an old yellow dog that he
thought a great deal of, and in order to keep him from running
away, he drove a honey locust stake in the yard and tied him fast
to it. The stake took root and grew to be a large tree, and its
•branches cast a grateful shade over the yard and dwelling.

Bast. — George Bast settled in Montgomery countj'^ in 1819.
His father was a native of Germany, but came to America and
settled in Baltimore. George was married first to Sarah Clark, of
Lexington, Ky., by whom he had — Alon?o, John, George Y., and
William H. Mrs. Bast died in 1816, and her husband subsequently
married Emily Courtney, by whom he had two children. She
also died in 1823, and Mr. Bast was married the third time to
Elizabeth Ford, by whom he had three children — Sarah, Anna,
and Edward. Mr. Bast was killed by the falling of a tree, in

MONTGOMERT COUNTY 241

February, 1829, and his widow married Sirenus Cox. Alotizo,
the eldest son, married a Mexican lady, and lived and died in
Camargo, Mexico. At his death he left a widow and several
children. John married Harriet Kibbe, .by whom he had — Mary,
Julia, Harriet, Charles, and George. George Y., son of George
Bast, Sr., is a physician, and lives at New Florence. He is a
prominent and influential citiaen of the county, where he is
widely known and respected. He was married first to Leonora
Hancock, and they had one son;— William. After the death of his
first wife he married Sophia Jacobs, and by her had two sons —
George and Charles. William H. Bast is a merchant at Mont-
gomery City. He also has a store in Kansas City, Mo. , and is a
wealthy and influential citizen. He lives at his beautiful country
residence, a short distance south of Montgomery City, and en-
joys himself in the society of his family and neighbors. He was
married first to Epsey McGhee, by whom he had — William, Mar}^
and Alonzo. After the death of his first wife, he married Louisa
Gordon, and they have one child — a daughter.

Best. — Stephen Best, of Ireland, emigrated to America many
years before the revolution, and settled in Pennsylvania. His
children were — Isaac, Humphrey, Stephen, Jr., and Ebenezer.
He also had several daughters, but their names are lost. Eben-
ezer never married, but he educated sixty children that claimed
him for their father. He was one of the celebrated horse racers
of Madison Co., Ky., and also indulged in chicken fighting. He
once fought ten times with his chickens in one day, and gained
seven of the fights, winning $1,000 each. — Isaac Best and his wife
came to Missouri in 1808, from Garrard Co., Ky. They rode two
old horses, on which they also carried their bedding, furniture,
cooking utensils, etc. They settled on the bottom in Montgom-
ery county, which has since borne their name. Mr. Best, like
his brother, was fond of amusement, and delighted in horse
racing. When the Indian war broke out he built a fort on his
farm, but had to give it up before peace was declared. The
Indians became so troublesome that he was afraid to leave his
family in the fort any longer, and conveyed them for greater secu-
rity to Fort Clemson, on Loutre Island. The following day his
fort was captured by the Indians, but they found nothing to
reward them for their trouble. The names of Mr, Best's children
were — John, Stephen, Isaac, Jr., Humphrey, Ebenezer, Polly,
Phcebe, Sally, and Peggy. John was married twice ; first to his
cousin Polly, a daughter of Humphre}' Best, and second to Sarah
Quick, daughter of Alexander Quick. By his first wife he had —
Polly, Catharine, and Margaret; and by his second — Stephen,
John, Jr., Rice, Nancy, Rhoda, and Elizabeth. Isaac Best, Jr.,
died when lie was nineteen years of age. Stephen, Humphrey,
Ebenezer, Polly, Sally, and Margaret all accompanied their father
16

242 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

to Texas, to which State he removed a number of years ago.

Beard. — Edwin Beard and his wife, Mary Bell, of Ireland,
came to America and settled in Augusta Co., Va. They bad —
William, John, David, Charles, and Samuel. The latter was a
soldier in the revolutionary war, and was present at the surrender
of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. He married Sarah Craig, of
Staunton, Va., and settled first in Pennsylvania, from whence he
removed to Kentucky in 1792, and to Missouri in 1827. His chil-
dren were — John, William, David, Samuel, Absalom, James^
Mary B., Sarah L., and Elizabeth. William was a soldier in the
war of 1812, under Gen. Harrison. He married Elizabeth Finley,
of Lincoln Co., Ky., and settled in Missouri in 1830. David
married Mary DeJarnette, and settled in Missouri in 1827.
Samuel married Rebecca Fisher, and settled in Ohio. Absalom
died unmarried, in New Orleans. James was married first to
Mary J. Logan, and second to Martha A. Briggs, and settled in
Missouri. Mary married Gabriel Reeds, of Kentucky, and set-
tled in Lincoln Co., Mo., in 1830. Sarah was married first to
William C. Finley, and after his death she removed to Lincoln
Co., Mo., whete she married McKenly Hays. She died, and
Hays married her sister Elizabeth.

Busby. — Matthew Busby, of Ireland, was a weaver by trade.
He came to America and settled first in Delaware, from whence
he removed to Bath Co., Ky., at an early date. He had seven
sons, one of whom, James, married Nancy Lewis, of Delaware,
by whom he had eleven children — Isaac, Rolley, John, James,
Hiram, Lewis, Granville, Elizabeth, Lucretia, Amanda, and
Malinda. Lewis and James settled in Missouri. The former
married Eliza McClannahan, of Kentucky, and settled in Missouri
in 1835.

Barnes. — James Barnes, of Virginia, settled in Kentucky at an
early date. He had three sons — James, Jr., Noble, and John.
The two latter settled in Illinois, where they lived and died.
James, Jr., settled in Missouri. He married Sarah Callaway,
daughter of Flanders Callaway, and they had twenty-two children,
sixteen of whom lived to be grown, viz. : James, John, Larkin,
William, Callawa}'- F., Flanders C, Lilborn, Volney, Andrew,
Rhoda, Jemima, Minerva, Margaret, Hulda, Cynthia, and Eliza-
beth. Flanders C. married Obedience Grigg, and lives in Mont-
gomery county. He has in his possession a knee-buckle and silk
stocking that belonged to his grandfather, Daniel Boone. In his
youth Mr. Barnes was a great swimmer, and from being in the
water so much he contracted inflammatory rheumatism, from
whivih he suffers greatly in his old age.

Bunch. — David W. Bunch, of Kentucky, settled in Montgom-
ery Co., Mo., in 1826. He married Elizabeth Wright, by whom
he had fourteen children — Thompson H., John J., William F.,

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 243

Lucretia, Patsey A., Sterling L., Lewis W,, Nancy D., Amanda
J., Hamilton V., Eliza M., David W., Cordelia, and Elizabeth.

Berger. — Jacob Berger, of Germany, came to America and
settled first in Pennsylvania, but subsequently removed and set-
tled in Pittsylvania Co., Va. His sons were — William, Jacob,
George, and John ; and he had several daughters whose names
we could not obtain. William was killed in the war of 1812, hav-
ing volunteered to serve in place of his brother George, who had
been drafted, and who, being a married man, could not leave his
family. George married Mary Boatright, of Virginia, by whom
he had — Thomas A., Jacob, Louisa J., Lucy A., William J.,
Appalana F., Polly, David, Elizabeth, and Marialmnel. Jacob
and Polly died young, in Virginia. The rest of the children came
with their parents to Missouri in 1838, and settled in Montgomery
county. Thomas married Ellen Stone, of Virginia. Louisa mar-
ried Pleasant Davis, of Missouri. Lucy married Buckner Jeffer-
son, of Missouri. Appalana married Erasmus McGinnis, of Mis-
souri. Elizabeth married William Anderson.

Bowles.— Gideon Bowles and wife, of Dublin, Ireland, were
.members of the St. James Colony that settled in Goochland Co.,
Va. Anderson Bowles, their son, married Jane Thomas, and set-
tled in Cumberland Co., Va. Their children were — Caleb, Sarah,
James, Gideon, Ann, Anderson, Jr., Virginia, Elizabeth, Augus-
ta, and David. Ann and Gideon died in Virginia. The rest of
the children came with their parents to Madison Co., Ky., in
1806, and in 1811 they all settled in St. Louis Co., Mo., where
Mr. Bowles died the following year. His widow lived until 1834.
Caleb^'the eldest son, was Judge of the County Court of St.
Louis county several terms. He was married twice, and finally
settled in Sahne county, where he died. Sarah mai'ried Stephen
Maddox, of Virginia, who settled in St. Louis county. They had
fifteen children. James was a ranger in Captain Musick's com-
pany,'and was killed by the Indians at Cap-au-Gris in 1814, in
his 20th year. Anderson settled in Mississippi, where he died.
Virginia married Richard Ripley, of St. Louis county, and died
soon after. Elizabeth married Riciiard Sapington, and lives in
Illinois, a widow. Augusta married Jacilla Wells, who removed
to Texas and died there. David, tlie youngest son living, was
married first to Julia Mackay, a daughter of Capt. James
Mackay, of St. Louis, by whom he had — James A., Jane, Jesse,
Nathan Z., Mary E., George R., John B., Julia V., Gustave,
Jefferson R., and David J. Mr. Bowles settled in Montgomery
county at an early date, and still resides there. He is a tanner
by trade, Ijut has pursued the avocation of a farmer the greater
portion of his life, and has prospered in more than an ordinary
degree. After the death of his first wife he was married, in his
old age, to the widow Giles, of Lincoln county, and in that con-

244 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

nection his neighbors tell a story on him .to the following effect :
When he got his new wife home, he was so overjoyed that he
danced about the room and waved his hat over his head in an
excess of delight, when he happened to strike the lamp that
was standing on the mantel, and threw it on the floor, where
it was dashed to pieces. In a moment the house was on
fire, and it was only by the most prompt and energetic efforts
that they were enabled to save it from destruction. Mr.
Bowles was a great hunter during the earlier years of his
residence in Montgomery county, and during one winter he
killed 120 deer, three elk, and 400 raccoons, besides gatheiing
350 gallons of honey from the various bee trees that he found.
The same year he killed the famous buck which the hunters had
named General Burdine, and which had thirty-three prongs on
his horns. But one day his favorite dog got hung by a grape
vine in the woods, and he has not hunted much since. During
the late war he was bold and fearless in the expression of. his
political sentiments, which were favorable to the South, and on
that account he suffered severely from the depredations of the
militia.

Brown. — William Brown settled on Clear creek, near its
mouth, in 1819. He built his house under a high bluff that ran
parallel with the creek, and cut his fire wood on the top of this
bluff, and rolled it down to the door of his house. When the
wood gave out he moved his cabin to another place, and when it
gave out there he moved it again, preferring to move his house
rather than haul his wood.

Cox. — Sirenus Cox, of New York, settled in Montgomery
county in 1820. He married a daughter of Col. Isaac Van-
Bibber, and raised a large family. His wife died, and he after-
ward married the widow of George Bast, and moved to St.
Joseph, Mo., where they now reside.

Clements. — Benjamin A. Clements was a soldier of the revolu-
tion.. He married his cousin, Susan Clements, and they had nine
children — six sons and three daughters. Two of the sons, Rob-
ert and David, settled in Missouri. Robert was born in Fluvanna
Co., Va., January 19, 1783, and is still living in Montgomery
Co., Mo., in his 94th year, being the oldest man in the county.
He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and settled in Montgomery
county in 1842. He married Elizabeth Thomas in 1809, and they
had eleven children, six sons and five daughters.

Craig. — Victor Craig, of England, came to America in 1760,
and settled in Maryland. He had four sons, William, James,
Robert, and Samuel. William and James lived in Albemarle Co.,
Va. Samuel was drowned in the Susquehanna river. Robert was
a soldier of the revolutionary war. He was married first to Susan
Carter, of Virginia, who was afterward killed by the Indians.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 245

She lived nine days after having been scalped. Mr. Craig was
married the second time to Sarah Ellington, of New Jersey, by
whom he had — John, David, Victor, Jonathan, Jacob, Cynthia,
Nancy, and Sally. Mr. Craig settled in Montgomery county in
1829, and died the following year. His eldest son, John, mar-
ried Nancy Cobb, and settled in Montgomery county in 1826.
He was a blacksmith by trade, and the first one at Danville. In
1831 he built the Dry den horse-mill, on the Booneslick road,
below Danville. The mill was run by a cog wheel, and it requir-
ed three or four hours to grind a bushel of grain. The hermit,
Baughman, whose histoiy is given elsewhere, carried the stones
of this mill to his cave, many years after the mill ceased running,
and arranged them so he could do his own grinding, by hand.
He still uses the same stones. — Col. David Craig, brother of
John, settled in Montgomery county in 1817, and is still living,
in his 87th year. He lived two years, when he first came to Mis-
souri, with Major Isaac VanBibber, at Loutre Lick. The Colonel
remembers many amusing and interesting incidents of early days
in Montgomery county, and takes great pleasure in relating them
to his friends. When he came to Missouri he brought two black
cloth suits with him, and one Sunday morning, while staying
at Major VanBibber's, he dressed up in them and went down to
breakfast. The clothes made quite a sensation, and VanBibber
and all his family crowded around to look at them, having never
seen anything of the kind before. One of the girls came close
up to Craig, and touched his coat with one of her fingers, and
then sprang back with the exclamation, " Oh, ain't he nice ! '*
But her father, who did not relish so much style, replied, " Nice,
h — 1! he looks like a black-snake that has just shed its old
skin." Soon after his arrival in Missouri the Colonel paid
Mrs. Robert Graham a dollar in silver, and made 300 rails for
her husband, for one pair of wool socks. Aleck Graham, who
was a little boy then, remembers the splitting of the rails, for
Col. Craig agreed to give him a picayune (6 1-4 cents) for keep-
ing the flies off of him while he slept on the logs at noon ; but for
his life he cannot remember whether he ever paid the picayune
or not. The Colonel served in the war of 1812, and was in Gen.
McCarthy's division at the battle of Brownsville. He also serv-
ed with Nathan Boone in the Black Hawk war, and was elected
Colonel of militia in 1834. He was married in 1819, to Sarah
Webster, and they had eleven children — Narcissa, Cynthia A.,
Mary A., Susan T., David, George R., Green, Martha, William
A., Francis, and James W. — Victor Craig settled in St. Francois
county. Jonathan and Cynthia lived in Kentucky. Jacob died
in Ohio. Nancy married Greenberry Griffith, of Pettis Co., Mo.

Carter. — Peter Carter, of Kentucky, had twelve children.
Larkin G., one of his* sons, married Judith Jones, and settled in

246 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Montgomery county, Missouri, in 1819. He was a soldier in the
war of 1812, under General Harrison, and acted as Colonel of
militia in Montgomery county for several years. He died in
1847, having raised thirteen children.

Crane. — George W. Crane was born in 1792, in King and
Queen county, Virginia, was married in 1818 to Nancy Gresham,
of Franklin county, Kentucky, and settled in Montgomery
County, Missouri, in 1824. He was Assessor of Montgomery
County four years, and Sheriff eight years. He was a member of
the Baptist Church, and the first clerk of New Providence Church
on Loutre. His children were — C. C, Thomas J., Joseph G.,
George W., C. D., Mildred A., Martha E., and Mary.

Clark. — Henry Clark, of Scotland, emigrated to America, and
settled in Kentucky, where he married Sarah Jones. They had —
Benjamin,^ Isaac, John, Henry, Susan, Mary A., and Sally. Ben-
jamin died in Kentucky, and his widow moved to Boone county,
Missouri. Isaac Clark was a man of superior talents, and repre-
sented his county in the Legislature for several terms ; he was
also Assessor four years. He brought with him from Kentucky a
set of China ware, the first that was ever in Montgomery county,
and used it on a puncheon table. He was married first to a Miss
Campbell, of Virginia, and settled in Montgomery County in
1819. They had three children — Harold, Cynthia, and Jane.
Harold died single. Cynthia married Enoch Fruite, who settled
in Callaway county in 1819. Jane married John French, of Cal-
laway county. Mr. Clark was married the second time to Mary
French, and they had — Henry, William, Isaac, Benjamin F.,
Sally, Susan, Polly A., Elizabeth M., and Mary H. Henry was
married first to Susan A. Talbott, and they had two children.
After her death he married Catharine Jacobs, and they had one
son, Henry. William Clark married Elizabeth Snethen, and they
had eleven children. Isaac died at 18 years of age. Benja-
min F. married Prudence N. Snethen, and they had six children.
Mr. Clark is an influential citizen, and an ex- Judge of the
County Court. Sally Clark married William Knox. Susan A.
married David Talbolt. Polly died in childhood, and Elizabeth
died at the age of twenty-two. John Clark, a brother of Isaac,
was Clerk of the County Court of Christian Co., Ky., for many
years. He was married first to Lucy Elliot, and settled in Calla-
vfay Co., Mo., in 1820. His' children by his first wife were —
Edward, Narcissa, Nancy, Susan, Sally, Jane, Lucy A., James,
and John. He was married the second time to the widow Sam-
uels, by whom he had one child, Melvina. He was married the
third time to the widow of Alexander Read, whose maiden name
was Elizabeth Chick, by whom he had — Logan, Isaac, Shelby,
Elizabeth J., Samuel, Fanny, and Benton,. Mr. Clark was a
good business man, a kind husband and father, an excellent

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 247

neighbor, and was held in high esteem by all who knew him.

Carson. — Lindsay Carson came from Kentucky to Missouri in
1810, with Col. Hale Talbott, who had partly raised and educated
him. He settled on Loutre Island, but the following year he
sold out to Colonel Talbott, and moved to the Boone's Lick
country, where he was killed in 1819, by the falling of a limb
from a burning tree that he was cutting down. Mr. Carson was
married twice. By his first wife he had — William, Anderson,
Moses B., and a daughter who remained in Kentucky. By his
second wife he had — Robert, Hamilton, Christopher, and four
daughters. Christopher Carson, called "Kit," became famous as
an Indian fighter, scout, and army otficer. He was named for
Colonel Hale Talbott' s eldest son.

Clare. — There were six brothers and two sisters named Clare,
who came from Germany with their parents and settled on James
river in Virginia. The names of the brothers were — Thomas,
Allen, George, Jacob, Daniel, and Frank. George and Jacob
married and remained in Virginia. Thomas, Allen, Frank and
Daniel settled in Pulaski Co., Ky., and Thomas married and died
there. Allen married Leah Foley, and settled in Lincoln Co.,
Mo., in 1834. Frank and Daniel built a tan yard at Summerset,
in Pulaski county, and carried it on until the war of 1812 began,
when they both enlisted in the array, and were together at the
battle of the Thames, where Frank was killed. After the war
Daniel married Jane Hansford, of Virginia, and settled in Lin-
coln Co., Mo., in 1830. He had six cnildren at the time, whose
names were — Frank, Jacob, Thomas, John, William, .and Mar-
garet. The rest of the children were born in Missouri, and their
names were — Susan, Walden, Fountain S., and Horatio. Frank,
son of Daniel, married Polly Gray, and lived Lincoln county.
Jacob and Thomas died when they were young men. John mar-
ried Sarah McClane, and settled first in Lincoln county, but
afterward removed to Montgomery county. William married
Sarah Maupin, and died, leaving a widow and six children.
Margaret was married first to Hiram Palmer, and after his death
to Armistead Uptegrove, of Montgomery county. Susan married
John Jameson, of Lincoln county. Walden married Nancy Gil-
leland, and settled in Montgomery county. Fountain studied
medicine, and practiced his profession for some time. He then
went to merchandising ; was subsequently elected Collector of
Montgomery county, and then Circuit Clerk, which position he
now holds. He married Hannah Hogue. Horatio married Pollen
Sitton, and settled in Lincoln county.

Cope, — James Cope, of East Tennessee, settled in Mont-
gomery county in 1837. He married a Miss Hutton, of Ten-
nessee, whose father was a soldier of the war of 1812. On one
occasion the portion of the army with which he was acting met

248 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOtJRI

with some reverses, by which it was cut off from its base of
supplies, and the soldiers were reduced to the verge of starva-
tion. As a last resort, Mr. Hutton cut off a portion of his horses'
tail, and ate it, and thus saved his life. The horse seemed to
experience very little inconvenience from the loss of his caudal
appendage, and Hutton rode him during the rest of the war.
The children of James Cope were — Malinda, Hannah, Isabella,
Samuel W., and Susan, all of whom settled in Montgomery
county in 1837. Malinda was married in Tennessee, in 1835, to
John Kizer, a blacksmith, who came to Missouri and settled in
Troy, Lincoln county, the same year. He remained there two
years, working at his trade, as a journeyman, for $30 per month.
He also worked nearly every night, for which he received extra
wages, and at the end of the two years had saved a small sum of
money. He then came to Montgomery, and with his own money
and $50 that he borrowed from the County Treasurer, he bought
a tract of land, on which he opened a farm, and resided there
until his death, which occurred in 1869. He hunted a great deal
during the first part of his residence in Montgomery county, and
on one occasion killed forty-five deer in a single day. At anoth-
er time he killed three deer at one shot. He had nine children,
eight daughters and one son, and his widow and children, six of
whom are married, still reside in Montgomery county. Hannah
Cope married her cousin, James Cope. Isabella also mai'ried her
cousin, John Cope. Samuel W., who became a Methodist min-
ister, and is now a Presiding Elder in his Church, was married
twice ; first to Louisa Stewart, and after her death to Jane Scott.
He lives, at present, in Chillicothe, Mo. Susan Cope married
David Glover, of New Florence, Montgomery county.

Crutcher.^— Samuel Crutcher and his wife, E}lizabeth Lee, were
natives of Patrick Co., Ya. Their children were— Elizabeth,
Corneha, Frank, Charles, and Samuel. The latter married Naricy
James, of Virginia, and settled in Lincoln Co., Mo., in 1810,
from whence he removed to Montgomery county in 1830. Their
children were — William, John, Sophia, Lucella, and Samuel, Jr.
John was married first to Clemency White, and after her death to
Mary J. WiUiams. Sophia married Sandy Jones, who settled in
Montgomery county in 1831. Samuel, Jr., was married three
times ; first to Eliza Holladay ; second to a widow named Hol-
loway, and third to the widow Rardolph, whose maiden name was
Jane Winter. Lucella married John Darby, who settled in Ran-
dolph Co., Mo. — Samuel and John Crutcher settled near Middle-
town, and the first goods sold in the northern part of Montgomery
county were sold in one end of Samuel's house, in 1836, by Mat-
thew Willburger and Samuel King. The latter sold out to Samuel
Crutcher, and Willburger & Crutcher moved their stock of goods
to the present site of Middletown, into a little log cabin, which was

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 249

burnt soon after, and they were both ruined. Willburger surveyed
and laid out Middletown in 1836, and John Dugan built the first
house there. Stewart Slavens owned a part of the land on which
the town was built.

Camp. — Hardin Camp, of South Carolina, was of English parent-
age. He served his country in two of its principal wars — the rev-
olution and the war of 1812. He married Sarah Hawkins, and
settled in "Warren Co., Ky. Their children were — Josiah, Thomas,
Hawkins, Joseph, Sarah, and Elizabeth. Thomas married Sarah
Middleton, of Kentucky, and settled in Missouri in 1842. He
died soon after, leaving a widow and nine children. Joseph mar-
ried Nancy Shackelford, of Madison Co., Ky., and settled in
Warren Co., Mo., in 1836. His children were — Hiram H., Josiah,
Mahala, Angeline, Sarah, Elizabeth, Martha, Judith A., and Mary.
Mr. Camp had intended to settle in Howard, Co., Mo., but when
he reached Jones' farm, where Jonesburg now stands, his wagon
mired down, and he concluded to stop there. So he bought land
in the vicinity, and settled upon it. He was Judge of the County
Court of Warren Co., Ky., before he left that State.

Cobb. — Samuel Cobb, of Kentucky, married Magdalene Pever-
ley , and settled in Montgomery Co. , Mo. , in 1823. They had six
children — Philip, Samuel, Jr., Adam, Easter, Nancy, and Sally.
All are dead except Samuel, Jr., who is still living in the 86th
year of his age. He was married first to Sally Sayler, of Ken-
tucky, by whom he had ten children. He was married the sec-
ond time to Lenora Taylor, and they had three children. Mr.
Cobb belongs to the old-fashioned style of men, and does not be-
lieve in many of our modern inventions and innovations. His
brother Adam was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married
Delilah Bodkin, nnd settled in Montgomery county in 1823^.
They had ten children. Adam was the great Fourth of July
orator of his day, and had a glowing speech about George Wash-
ington, of whom he was an ardent admirer, that he delivered with
great oratorical effect whenever called upon. We have obtained
a copy of this speech, and present it elsewhere.

CuNDiFF. — William Cundiff, of Virginia, settled in Montgomery
county at a very early date. His children were — Joseph, John,
William, Jane, Uraney, Elizabeth A., and Polly. Joseph married
Sally McFarland, of Kentucky. John Married Polly Snethen.
William died a bachelor. Jane married William Groom, a son of
Jacob Groom. Polly married Joseph McFarland. Elizabeth A,
married Nelson Hunter.

Chapman.— Stephen Chapman, of England, came to America
when he was only fifteen years of age. When the revolution
began he joined the American army under Washington, and
fought throughout the whole war. After the close of the war, he
married Eliza Floyd, of Virginia, by whom he had — Frank,

■250 riONEEU FA5IILIES OF MISSOURI

George, William, James, John, Andrew, Isaiah, Benjamin,
Eachel, and Peggy. Frank was a soldier in the war of 1812. He
married Nancy Chester, of Virginia, whose father. Dr. Stephen
Chester, was a surgeon in the American army during the revolu-
tion. Their children were — Sally, Polly A., John W., James B.,
and Wesley. James B. married Susan Fipps, of Virginia, and set-
tled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1838. Mr. Chapman was a
cabinet maker by trade, and before he left his home, in Virginia, he
made the coffins for the parents of General Joseph E. Johnston,
who became so celebrated during the late war between the North
and South. After he came to Missouri Mr. Chapman took up the
carpenter's trade, and became one of the most rapid workmen in
his part of the country. He possessed great powers of endur-
ance, and on one occasion, while building a house for George
Britt, he worked sixty hours without stopping, for which he re-
ceived $25 in gold. When he first came to Montgomery county
there were no roads through the prairies, and the grass was nearly
as high as his horse's back. When he traveled anywhere he
would tie a "small log to his horse's tail, and drag it through the
grass, so it would make a trail he could follow back home. He
raised his first apple orchard by cutting off small pieces of the
branches of apples trees, and sticking them in Irish potatoes,
which lie planted, and the branches grew to be bearing trees.

Clanton. — Drury and Henry Clanton, of Tennessee, settled
on a branch called "Pinch,"* about five miles south of Danville,
in 1818. Drury Clanton was a Methodist preacher, and it was
at his house that the first Methodist church in Montgomery
county was organized, by Rev. Robert Baker and himself, about
the year 1819. A Sunday-school was also organized at the same
time and place, and the first carap-raeeting in Montgomery
county was held there, on what was called the Loutre camp
ground. Drury Clanton married a Miss James, of Tennessee,
and their children were — John, James, Thomas, William, EUza,
Nancy, Angeline, Rebecca, and Patsey. — Henry Clanton was
married twice, and his children were — Wesley, Alonzo, Sally,
Martha, and Mary. Martha and a negro woman were burned to
death on the prairie in Montgomery county.

CoLE.^Mark Cole, of Tennessee, came to Missouri in 1817,
iind settled in Montgomery county. He married Dorcas Hall, a
daughter of William Hall, who settled on Dry Fork of Loutre in
1817. Mr. Cole was a hatter by trade, and the first that settled
iA Montgomery county. He made "Boss" Logan's famous hat,
which he wore twenty years. It was composed of twenty ounces
of muskrat fur, mixed with thirteen ounces of raccoon fur, and

* Captain John Baker gave the name to this branch, because the people who lived
upon it were always "in a pinch" for something to live on.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 251

would hold an even half-bushel. The crown was eighteen inches
high, and the brim six inches wide. Mr. Cole died in 1854, but
his widow is still living. Their children were — Stephen H., Will-
iam C, John W., Henry W., David D., James A., Robert T.,
Marcus L., Jerusha A., Mary M., Elizabeth S., Sarah A., and
Nancy J., all of whom are still living except James A. and Nancy J.

CuNDiFF. — Richard Cundiff, the grandfather of the CiindifF
family of Montgomery county, was killed at the battle of Point
Pleasant, 1774. His sons, Louis and William, settled in Mis-
souri, the former in 1818, and the latter in 1819. Louis married
Elizabeth Towers, by whom he had — Pollv, Elizabeth, Richmond,
James, Louis, Sally, and Levisa. William married Sally Mad-
dox, by whom he had — Joseph, James, John, William, Polly, Jane,
Sally, Maria, and Elizabeth A.

DiGGS. — Simon Diggs, of Lancaster County, Virginia, had a
son named William, who married a Miss Goe, of Middlesex
county, Virginia, by whom he had one son, named Christopher.
His first wife died, and he was married the second time to Mary
Seeton, by whom he had — William, Isaac, Simon, John H., Dud-
ley, Rowland, Barbee, Cole, Nancy, Polly, and P^lizabeth. John
H. married Sarah Hathawa}', who lived to the age of 103 years.
Their children were — Lawson, Christopher Y., John H., Jr., Cyn-
thia, Maliuda, Nancy, Elizabeth, and William C. Lawson and John
H. , Jr. , were ship carpenters. The former married Sarah Diggs, of
Virginia, and settled in Missouri in 1834. John H., Jr., followed
the sea for a number of years, but finally abandoned that dan-
gerous calling and emigrated to the West. He came to St. Louis
in 1834, and worked on the first steamboat buill in that city. In
1339 he settled in Montgomery county, where he still lives. He
married Jane Jeter, a daughter of Pleasant Jeter, of Richmond,
Virginia, and sister of the eminent Rev. Dr. Jeter, of that city.
— Cole Diggs was born February 25, 1791. He served as a soldier
in the war of 1812, and in 1817 he settled in Kentucky, and mar-
ried Jane Pace, a daughter of Rev. John Pace, of Virginia. In
1832 he removed to Missouri and settled in Montgomery county,
where he still resides (1875), in the 85th year of his age. He
kept hotel at Danville, for some time after he came to Missouri,
and served as Justice of the Peace for many years.

Druky. — Lawson Drury was a native of Worcester Co., Mass.,
but removed to New Hampshire, where he married Elizabeth
Johnson. Their children were — Lawson, Jr., Charles, and Ruth.
His first wife died, and he was married the second time. His chil-
dren by his second wife were — George, John, James, and Sarah.
Mr. Drury removed from New Hampshire to Ohio, where he
became Judge of the County Court for the county in which he lived.
After the death of his second wife he came to Missouri and lived
with his son Charles, at Danville, where he died in July, 1835, in

252 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

his 65th year. Charles Drury came to Missouri at a very early
date, and was the second merchant in Montgomery county, Dan-
iel Robinson being the first. Drury's first store was at Loutre
Lick, but in 1834 he removed to Danville. He was an honest,
enterprising man, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him.
He married Sally A. Wiseman, of Boone county, who was a
daughter of James Wiseman and Mary Tuttle. Their children
were — Lawson, James H., Susan B., Charles J., Jarrett, Joseph,
Andrew M., Richard B., Mary PL, and P^lizabeth. Mr. Drury
died in Danville in 1848, in his 47th year. Five of his children,
James H., Jarrett, Joseph, Andrew M., and P^lizabeth, died
unmarried. Lawson was married twice ; first to ^Margaret Fra-
zier, and second to Catharine AVilson. He lives in Kansas City,
Mo. Susan B. (who was the first child born in Danville) married
Dr. William B. Adams. Charles J. and Richard B. live in Atch-
ison, Kansas. Mary E. married Capt. Stuart Carkener, of Dan-
ville.— Joseph Wiseman, a brother of Mrs. Charles Drury, mar-
ried Elizabeth Robinson, of Callaway county, and became one of
the early settlers of Danville.

Davis. — John Davis, of Jonesburg, familiarly known as "Uncle
John," is the oldest son of the late Thomas Davis, of Shenan-
doah Co., Va. John was born October 30, 1791, in Shenandoah
county, and is now nearly 85 years of age. When he was about
sixteen his parents removed to Bourbon Co., Ky,, and when the
war of 1812 began, he enlisted in the army and served under
Generals Winchester and Payne. He was stationed at Forts
Wayne and Laramie, in Ohio, for some time. In 1820 he came
to Missouri, and stopped a short time in St. Louis, which then
had only one principal street, and most of the houses were made
of square posts set upright, with the spaces between filled with
straw and mud, the chimneys being built of the same material.
The court house was surrounded by a post-and-rail fence, and
young Davis was sitting on this fence when the announcement was
made that the Territory of Missouri had become a State. From
St. Louis Mr. Davis went to Pike county, and settled in Clarks-
ville, where he lived forty-six years. In those days rattlesnakes
were much more abundant than they are now, and the old pio-
neers would occasionally go on "snaking" frolics. They alwaj'S
came back vomiting from the effects of the poisonous smell of the
snakes. On one occasion Mr. Davis and his neighbors went to a
knob near Clarksville, and killed seven hundred rattlesnakes in
one day. This is a pretty large snake story, but it is neverthe-
less true. Mr. Davis had failed in business in Kentucky before
his removal to Missouri, but he worked hard for ten years after he
came here to get money to pay those debts ; and he often says
that that was the happiest period of his life. Bankrupt and
exemption laws had not been invented then, and when men

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 253

entered into obligations they generally endeavored to fulfill them.
For many years after he settled at Clarksville, the population was
so thin that it required all the men within a cjrcuit of ten or fifteen
miles to raise a log cabin. At that time the government sold its
public lands at $2 per acre, payable in four equal installments,
with interest on the deferred payments. But in 1825 a new sys-
tem was adopted, and the public lands were sold at $1.25 per acre,
for cash. Mr. Davis has a son living at Navoo, Illi., who is 62
years of age ; and his brother-in-law, Rev. Thomas Johnson, was
Indian missionary where Kansas City npw stands, many years
ago. His children still reside in that vicinty.

Davis. — Jonathan Davis, of Pennsylvania, married Elizabeth
Bowen, and they had six children — James, John, Elijah, Septi-
mus, Jonathan, and Elizabeth. John and James came to Mis-
souri in 1800. John was a great hunter and trapper, and spent
most of his time in the woods, often being absent for months at a
time. He married Susan Bryan, a daughter of David Bryan, and
his children were — James B., Jonathan, Joseph C, John H.,
Unicia, and Elizabeth. James, the brother of John Davis, mar-
ried Jemima Hays, a granddaughter of Daniel Boone, her
mother being Susanna Boone. After his marriage he returned to
Kentucky and remained until 1819, when he came back to Mis-
souri and settled in Montgomery county. His children were —
John, Elizabeth, Jesse, Susan, Narcissa, Marcha, Daniel B.,
Unicia, and Volney. — Jonathan Davis, brother of James and
John, came to Missouri in 1820, and married Mahala Hays, a sis-
ter of his brother James' wife. They had thirteen children, only
four of whom are living ( 1875. )

Davidson. — Alexander Davidson, of South Carolina, married
Sarah Ellis, and settled in Kentucky', from whence, in 1821, he
removed to Missouri and settled in Montgomery county. They
had three children — John, Abraham and Rachel. Abraham was
married first to Mary Branson, by whom he had twelve children
— Alexander, Alfred, Abraham, Stout B., Franklin, Hezekiah,
Elizabeth, Sarah, Rachel, Mary, Louisa, and Martha. His first
wife died and he was married the second time to the widow Hub-
bard, by whom he had William and John A. Mr. Davidson was not
out of the county during the last forty-five years of his life.

DuYDEN. — David Dryden, of Pemisylvania, married Barbara
Berry, and settled in Washington county, Va., where he and his
wife both died. Tlieir children were — Jonathan, David, Na-
thaniel, William, Thomas, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Mary. Jona-
than married Fanny Duff, and lived and died in Kentucky.
David was married twice, the name of his second wife being Jane
Laughlan. He settled in Blunt county, Tenn. Nathaniel was
also married twice ; first to Ellen Laughlan, a daughter of Alex-
ander and Ann Laughlan, but she died without children. Mr.

254 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Dryden was married the second time to Margaret Craig, a daugh-
ter of Robert Craig, who was a son of a revoluti6nary soldier,
and they had — Frederick H., John D. S., Ellen E., Mary R.,
Jane R., Louisa W., Thomas A., Margaret, David C, Caro-
line, and William P. Mr. Dryden represented Washington
county, Va., in the Legislature of that State before he came to
Missouri, and after he settled in Montgomery county in 1829, he
represented that county in the Missouri Legislature several terms.
He also held other important positions in the county, and was an
influential and highly estperaed citizen. He died in 1858, in hia
75th year ; his widow still survives, in her 83d year. Tho«. Dryden
built a horse mill near Danville, soon after his arrival in Mont-
gomery county, which, being something unusual for those times,
attracted a great deal of attention. It was situated on a high
point of ground, where the wind had a fair sweep against it, and
several persons came near freezing to death while grinding grain
there during cold weather. The capacity of the mill for grind-
ing was from three to five bushels per day. Mr. Dryden was a
leading member of the Methodist Church, and strict in his ob-
servance of its rules ; but one day he needed some whisky for some
purpose, and went to Danville and procured a jugful of that fiery-
liquid. On his way back home he met'Rev. Andrew Monroe, his
pastor, who was bitterly opposed to the use of intoxicating li(iuors
in any manner, and was very strict in his enforcement of the rules
of the church against it. Mr. Dryden saw him coming, and won-
dered what he should do — lie a Steward in the church, with a jug
of whisky in his hands ! But a happy thought struck him. He
remembered that Monroe had once entertained the Governor in
his house at Danville, and had sent to the saloon to get a bottle
of whisky for his benefit, as he had none in the house, and the
Governor had called for a stimulant. When they met, Monroe's
first question was, "Well, Brother Dryden, what is that you have
got in your jug?" Dryden promptly answered, "It's some
whisky that I have just purchased for the Governor, who is at my
house." Monroe saw the point, and let Brother Dryden off
without a reprimand. Thomas Di-yden, brother of Nathaniel,
married Elizabeth Craig, and settled in Montgomery county. He
died in 1874, in his 74th year.

Davault. — Henry Davault was born in France, but married
Catharine Maria Grover, of Germany. Thay emigrated to Amer-
ica about the year 1764, landed near Philadelphia, and settled
near Hanover, York Co., Pa., where they lived and died. Mr.
Davault served in the revolutionary war, under General Wash-
ington. He died at the age of 85, but his wife lived to the
remarkably old age of 97 years, 4 months and ten days. They
had the following children — Philip, Margaret, E.izabeth and
Gabriel (twins), Catharine, Mary, Henry, Valentine, Frederick,

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 255

Julia, and Jacob. Philip was one year old when his parents
arrived in America. He married Catharine Long. Margaret
married Samuel Long. Elizabeth married John Kitzmiller.
Gabriel married Mary Kitzmiller. Catharine married Nicholas
Keefauver. Mary married Martin Kitzmiller. Henry married
Kitty Gross. Valentine married Louisa Range. Julia married
Jacob Warts. Jacob married Rachel Kitzmiller. Philip Davault
had the following children — Mary, Kate, Margaret, Lydia,
Louisa, Daniel, and Eliza. One of these children married John
Harshey, and died in Maryland. Another married William
Roberts, and lived in Baltimore. Another married William Lan-
ders and lived in Illinois. Another married John Kitzmiller, and
lived in Tennessee. Another married Mary Kitzmiller, and lived
in Tennessee. Another married James Larrimore, and lived in
Ohio. The children of Frederick Davault were — Henry, Peter,
David, Mary, Elizabeth, John, Louisa, Kitty, and Samuel. Most
of these children settled and lived in Tennessee. Henry settled
in Montgomery county in 1831, and married Virginia Maughs,
by whom he had — Mary, Elijah, and John. Peter married Mary
Hays, of Tennessee, and settled in Montgomery county in 1831.
He conditionally donated the land to the county on which Dan-
ville now stands. His children were — Henry, Laban, Catharine,
Frederick, Alfred, John, Emma, Louisa, and Mary V. The
latter died in childhood. Mr. Davault died in 1872. His sister,
Kitty, married a Mr. Crawford, of Tennessee, and removed to
Kansas but afterward died in Missouri. Mary Davault married
James Duncan, who settled in South Carolina. Elizabeth mar-
ried Joseph Duncan, and remained in Tennessee. Louisa was
married twice, to two brothers, named Rankin, and remained in
Tennessee.

DuTTON. — Natley Dutton and wife, of England, settled in
Maryland some time after Lord Baltimore began to colonize that
State. Their son, Natley, Jr., was born and raised in Maryland.
He had a son, named John H. , who was born in 1790. Mr. Dut-
ton died when his son was eleven years of age, and two years
afterward his mother had him bound out to learn the ship carpen-
ter's trade. He worked at that business fourteen years. In the
meantime his mother had married a Mr. Elton, whose father was
a Quaker and came to America with William Penn. They had a
son named Thomas T. Elton, and in 1818, he and his half-brother,
John H. Dutton, in company with Philip Glover, started to Mis-
souri. They traveled in a wagon to Wheeling, Virginia, where
they bought a flat-boat, and loading their wagon and team into it,
they floated down to Maysville, Kentucky, where they traded their
flat-boat for a keel-boat, transferred their property to it, and pro-
ceeded to Louisville. There they sold their boat and came by
land to Missouri. They located first in St. Charles county, where

256 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

they rented land and lived two years. They then entered land
on North Bear creek, in Montgomery county, and settled there.
Mr. Elton married Eleanor Glover, and raised a large family of
children. He subsequently removed to Grant county, Wisconsin,
where he now resides. Mr. Dutton married Mary Bruin, of St.
Charles couhty, whose father settled there in 1808. They had
— John H., Jr., Eveline, Timothy B., Eleanor, James M., and
Elizabeth. The two latter lived to be grown, but died unmar-
ried. John H., Jr., lives in Warren county. Eveline married J.
B. Shelton, of Montgomery county. Timothy B. lives in Mont-
gomery City. Eleanor married Edmond F. Adams. John H.
Dutton, Sr., and his wife were members of the Baptist Church,
of which he was a deacon for twenty yeai's. He was Justice of
the Peace for a long time, and Judge of the County Court for
eighteen consecutive years, twelve years of which time he waS the
presiding Justice. He was a man of fine business qualifications,
and was highly esteemed for his many excellent characteristics.
He died the death of a Christian, June 9, 1853r His widow sur-
vived him thirteen years.

England. — Joseph England married Mary Reed, of Virginia,
and settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1833. Their children
'were— David, William, Joseph, Jr., James, John, Riley, Eliza-
beth, and Nancy. James married Elizabeth Russel, who died in
1874. John died in California, unmarried. The rest of the chil-
dren married and settled in different States.

EsTELL. — Benjamin Estell, of Kentucky, married Anna Claugh-
naugh, and settled in Boone Co., Mo. They had ten children,
and one of their sons, named James, married Matilda VanBibber,
daughter of Major Isaac VanBibber, and settled in Montgomery
county. Their children were — Horatio, EHzabeth A., William
K., Isaac V., Pantha, Colelia C, Robert G., Jonathan, Arrata,
James W., Benjamin, and Sarah N. — Philemon Estell, a brother
of James, settled in Montgomery county, and was married three
times.

Ellis. — Benjamin EUis settled on South Bear creek in 1815.
He was a wheelwright and chair maker, and also had a hand-mill.
He had ten children. — James Ellis settled on Bear creek in 1819.
He married Elizabeth Bowen, and they had six children — Edmund,
Benjamin, Leeper, William, Fanny, and Martha. Benjamin mar-
ried Catharine McGarvin, and now lives in Callaway county.

Fulkerson. — (This name in the native tongue, was Volkerson,
but after the removal of the family to America they began to
spell it as it is pronounced.) James Fulkerson, of Germany,
came to America at an early date and settled in North Car-
olina. There he became acquainted with and married Mary Van-
Hook, and subsequently removed to Washington Co., Va. The

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 257

names of their children were — Peter, James, John, Thomas,
Abraham, Jacob, Isaac, William, Polly. Catharine, Hannah, and
Mai-y. Peter married Margaret Craig, and they had — Polly, Rob-
ert C, James, Benjamin F., Jacob, Peter, Jr., John W., Mar-
garet, Rachel, David C, and Frederick. Of these children Rob-
ert C, Benjamin F., and Frederick settled in Missouri. The
former (Robert C.) was born in Lee Co., Va., August 27, 1794.
He served as a soldier in the war of 1812, was afterward elected
Colonel of militia, and took part in the Black Hawk war in 1834.
He first came to Missouri in 1816, with Major Benjamin Sharp,
but remained only a short time, when he returned to Virginia,
where he resided until 1828. During that period he served his
county for seven years in the capacity of Sheriff, an office which
at that time was beset with many dangers and hardships, requir-
ing a man of nerve and determination to discharge its duties.
So faithful was he in the performance of his labors, that he
received the special commendation of the Judge who presided,
by an order entered upon the records of the county. He was
married in 1827 to Lavinia Dickerson, and the following year he
came with his family to Missouri. He settled first in Randolph
county, where he remained only a short time, and then
removed to Grand Prairie in Callaway county. In 1836 he
removed to Montgomery county, and lived for a short time on
the old Isaac VanBibber farm. In 1840 he purchased and
removed to a farm near Danville, where he resided until his
death, with the exception of a portion of the years 1851-52,
when he crossed the plains to Oregon. He served as Treasurer
of Montgomery county for ten j'ears, and the people never had a
more faithful and vigilant officer. His first wife died in 1852,
and the following year he married the widow Davidson, who sur-
vives him. He had seven children, whose names were — Peter,
John, Robert, Margaret, Rebecca, Amanda, and Anna. Only
three of the children are living, two sons, one in Oregon and one
in Missouri, and a daughter, Mrs. Samuel A. Wheeler, who lives
on the old homestead near Danville. Colonel Fulkerson died at
the latter place on the 17th of March, 1876, and was buried in
the family graveyard, close by the side of a number of the inti-
mate associates of his earlier life. Ttie funeral ceremonies wei'e
conducted by the Masonic fraternity, of which he had long been
an honored member. He had also been a member of the Meth-
odist P^piscopal Church, South, for a number of years, and died
in the full faith of the Christian religion.

Freeland. — Nelson Freeland, of Virginia, married Myra
Woodruff, settled in Montgomery county in 1828, and died the
same year. Their children were — Sultana, John W., William M.,
Mace D., Ann, Amanda, and Hiram. — William F., a brother of
Nelson Freeland, married Susan Woodruff, and settled in Mont-
17

258 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

gomery county in 1828. They had — Robert, Charles, Amanda,
and Eveline.

Farrow. — The parents of George Farrow came from Scotland,
and settled in Fauquier Co., Va., where George was born. He
was a soldier of the war of 1812. He married a Miss
Massey, and they had — George, Jr., Nimrod, John, and
Benjamin — also two daughters. Benjamin married Lucy Smitb,
of Virginia, and they had — John P., George, Mortimer, Joseph,
Margaret, Sarah, Liney M., Mary L., and Amanda M. John P.,
Sarah, and Margaret came to Missouri. Sarah married William
Brownii.g, and settled in St. Charles county, but afterward re-
moved to Lincoln county. Margaret married James B. Barton, and
settled in St. Charles county. John P. was married in Virginia, to
Susan M. Smith, and settled in St. Charles county in 1836. He
subsequently removed to Troy, where he was employed in a store,
and in 1844 he settled in Montgomery county, where he was
elected Judge of the County Court, and held the office for twenty
years. He afterward removed to Crawford Co., Mo.

Fipps. — William Fipps, Jr., son of William Fipps and Rebecca
Kendrick, of Washington Co., Va., married the widow of John
King, whose maiden name was Barbara A. Stroup. They removed
to Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1836, where Mr. Fipps died in 1857,
at the advanced age of 11 1 years. He had voted for every President
from Washington down to Lincoln. He had twelve children —
John, Mary A., Sarah, Elizabeth, Rachel, William, Jr., George,
Joseph, David, Robert, Susannah, and Margaret — all of whom
lived to be gx'own except Robert, who died when he was fifteen
years of age. John, David, Sarah, Susannah, Joseph, and
Mary, all live in Montgomery county. Mrs. Fipps died last
spring, at the residence of her son, Joseph, three miles west of
Montgomery City, aged 106 years. She lived to see the fourth
generation of her descendants, and at her death she left surviv-
ing her six children and one hundred forty grandchildren of the
second, third and fourth generations. Her youngest child was
born when she was in her 54th year. She had been a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church for 53 years, and was a consistent
Christian woman, dying in the full faith of that religious belief.

FiTZHUGH. — Richard Fitzhugh was born in North Carolina, but
while he was a boy his parents removed to Davidson Co., Tenn.,
where he was raised. He married Mary Watson, who was also
born in North Carolina and raised in Tennessee. They came to
Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1818, and settled on the east side of
Loutre creek. Mr. Fitzhugh was a hard-working man, and he
and his son Hopkins sawed a great deal of lumber with a whip-
saw, and sold it in Danville. He once met with a misfortune by
which he had several of his ribs broken, and after that he would
eat nothing but milk and muih, which he imagined kept the

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 259

broken ribs in tlieir places. His children were — Hopliins, Mary
A., Matilda, Louisa J., John S., Thomas B., and Catharine.

Ford. — Calvin Ford came from Ireland, and settled in Char-
lotte county, Virginia, where his son Hezekiah was born. The
latter married Ann Garrett, by whom he had thirteen children,
eleven of whom he raised. Their names were — Calvin, James,
Claiborne, Laban, Marley, Thomas, William, Elizabeth, Morning,
Susan, and Martha. William, James, Elizabeth and Martha came
to Montgomery county with their mother, who was a widow, in
1835. William was married first to Martha A. Eperson, of Vir-
ginia, and after her death he married Margaret H. Nettle.
James was married first to Mary Robinson, and after her death he
married the widow Natton. Elizabeth married John Buster, of
Virginia, who settled in Montgomery county in 1835. Martha
married Simeon Hovey, of Virginia, and after his death she waa
married the second time to Andrew Britt, of Virginia.

Farthing. — William Farthing, of Albemarle county, Virginia,,
married Polly Vaughn, and settled in Kentucky. They had —
Sarah, Elizabeth, William, John, Thomas, and Shelton B. Sarah
married James Hunt, who settled in Montgomery county in 1836.
Elizabeth married William P. Hill, of Kentucky, who also settled
in Montgomery county in 1836. William married Nancy Wood,
and settled in Iowa. John married Luccna J. Moran, and settled
in Missouri City, Missouri. Shelton B. married Lucy A. Glenn,
and settled in Montgomery county in 1836.

FrsHER. — Solomon Fisher, of Virginia, married Mary A. Petty,
by whom he had — Adam, George, William, John, Solomon, Jr.,
Eunice, Maxmillian, Parthena, Selemer, and Emmarilla. All of
the family came on a keel-boat to Louisiana, Missouri. Adam
married Dulcinea Powers, of Virginia, and settled in Pike county,
in 1824. They had Mary A., Sally, William P., and Joseph.
William P. married and lives in ^Montgomery county. George
Fisher died in California, and Solomon died in the United States
army. Mr. Adam Fisher laid off the town of Frankford, in Pike
county.

Gray. — George Gray, of Scotland, emigrated to America pre-
vious to the revolution, and when that war began he joined the
American army and served during the entire struggle. He had
several brothers in the British army during the same war. Before
leaving Scotland, he married Mary Stuart, and they settled first
in Philadelphia, but afterward removed to North Carolina, and
from there to Bryan's Station in Kentucky. Here tiieirson Joseph
married !Mary Finl y, and settled in Warren county, Kentucky.
In 1818 he removed to Missouri, and settled on Brush creek in
Montgomery county, where he died in 1830. His children were —
Hannah, William, Isaac, George, Sarah, Rachel, James, and Mary.

260 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Hannah married Asa Williams, who was an early settler of Mont-
gomery county. William, Isaac and George married sisters,
named Price, of Kentucky. William had three children, who
settled in Missouri after the death of their parents. Isaac and
George also settled in Montgomery county, but the latter removed
to Clark county in 1837, where he still resides. Sarah married
Stephen Finley, who settled in Wisconsin in 1846, Rachel mar-
ried John P. Glover, who settled in Oregon. James married
Margaret Williams, of Ohio. Mary married Presley Anderson,
who died in 1848, and who was Sheriff of Montgomery county at
the time. He left a widow and five children, who still live in
Montgomery county.

Gentry. — David Gentry, of Virginia, married Jane Kendrick,
and settled in Madison county, Ky. They had — Bright B.,
Pleasant, David, Dickey, Martin, Bailey, and five daughters.
Bright B. married Martha Jones, and they had — James, Margaret,
David, Jonathan J., Eliza, Susan, Albert, and Fanny. David set-
tled in Montgomery county in 1833, and married Polly A. Groom.
Jonathan also settled in Montgomery county in 1833, and mar-
ried Elizabeth McFarland.

Groom. — William Groom, of England, emigrated to America,
and settled in Kentucky, where he married Sally Parker. They
had — Abraham, Isaac, Moses, Jacob, Aaron, Susan, Elizabeth,
and Sally. All except Susan came to Missouri. Abraham and
Isaac settled in Clay county. Jacob and Aaron settled in Mont-
gomery county in 1810. Jacob was a ranger under Captain Cal-
laway, and, in company with Jackey Stewart, was scouting in the
woods the day Callaway was killed. A man named Dougherty
was killed the same day, at Salt Peter Cave, not far from Groom's
farm. After they had killed him the Indians cut his body into
pieces, and hung them on a pole. As Groom and Stewart
approached the cave, they discovered the horrible spectacle, and
about the same instant were fired upon by the Indians. Both
horses were wounded, Stewart's mortally, and he also received a
a gunshot wound in his heel. After running a short distance, his
horse fell, and soon expired ; and he* being unable to walk, on
account of his wound. Groom generously helped him on to his
own horse, and they both succeeded in making their escape to Fort
Clemson. Groom was an uneducated man, but generous hearted
and possessed of strong common sense. He was a leading poli-
tician of his day, a Democrat of the Andrew Jackson stripe, and
was elected to the Legislature several times. He was a member
of the first State Legislature, which met in St. Charles in 1821-2.
He dressed in a buckskin suit, wore a band of hickory bark around
his hat, and always had independence enough to express his hon-
est convictions on every subject that came up for discussion.
We give several characteristic anecdotes of him elsewhere. He

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 261

married Sally Quick, and they had — Aaron, Maria, William, Lu-
cinda, Sally A., and two other daughters, one of whom married a
Mr. Hubbard and the other a Mr. McGarvin, all of whom lived
in Montgomery county.

Gill. — Samuel Gill, whose father lived in Maryland, settled in
Virginia, where he was married twice, one of his wives being a
Miss Kidwell. His sons, James and Presley, came to Missouri in
1831. The former settled in Callawaj'^ county, and married
Matilda Dames, by whom he had eight children. Presley settled
in Montgomery county, and lives at New Florence. He learned
the trade of a gunsmith, and is also a doctor.

Graves. — Peyton Graves, of Pittsylvania county, Virginia,
married Charlotte Pinkard, and they had nine children Jane, the
eldest, married Thomas Jefferson, a nephew of President Jeffer-
son. William, John, and Washington, sons of Peyton Graves,
came to Missouri and settled in Montgomery county. WilUam
married Lucy Berger. John married Mildred George. Wash-
ington married Melcina Berger. The rest of Peyton Graves'
children, with the exception of one, lived and died in Virginia.

Graham. — John Graham, of Kentucky, married a Miss
Dugan, and they had— Robert, John, Alexander, Catharine, and
Isabella. Alexander died in Kentucky, and John died in Mis-
sissippi. Catharine married Tocal Galbreth. Isabella married
Alexander Collier. Robert, who was a physician, married Isa-
bella Galbreth, a daughter of Tocal Galbreth by his first wife,
and settled in Montgomery county in 1816. He bought a Span-
ish grant of land, situated on Loutre creek, from Daniel M.
Boone, and built an elm bark tent upon it, in which he lived four
years. The Doctor was a very small man, but of determined
will and a nerve that could not be shaken. He was a staunch
Democrat, a voluminous reader, and a great admirer of Benja-
min Franklin. He was the only phj^sician in that part of the
country at that time, and had as large a practice as he cared to
attend to. He was fond of hunting, and devoted much of his
time to that occupation. One day a large wolf got caught in one
of his steel traps, broke the chain, and dragged the trap away
with him. The Doctor, Joseph Scholl, and Major VanBibber
tracked the wolf and came upon it where it had gone into the
creek and was struggling in the water. Graham waded into the
creek for the purpose of killing the wolf with his knife, when it
caught one of his hands and bit it nearly off; but he succeeded
in killing it. On another occasion the Doctor and a party of
hunters ran a large bear into his cave, and tried to smoke
him out, but could not succeed, and finally shot him. After the
bear was dead the Doctor was the only one of the party who had
nerve enough to crawl into the cave and drag the carcass out.
Wolves were plentiful then, and one day while out hunting he

262 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

killed thirteen of them. — The chilrlren of Dr. Graham were —
John F., Alexander W., James W., Benjamin R., Robert D..
Franklin D., Doctor F., Patrick H., Maria, Catharine, and
Clara A.

Glenn. — James Glenn and his wife, Sarah Grigg, with their
two children, James and Nellie, came from Ireland to America,
and settled in Virginia. After their settlement there the follow-
ing children were born — Polly, WiUiam, Thomas, and Whitehill.
Mr. Glenn and his three sons, William, Thomas, and Whitehill,
moved to Ohio ; the rest of the children married and settled in
Kentucky. James, William, and Thomas were in the war of
1812, and the former was killed at the battle of New Orleans.
The other two were with the armies that operated in Canada and
the northern part of the United States. After the war Thomas
married Lucinda T. Kendall, of Kentucky, and came to Missouri
in 1815. He came in a wagon, which contained, in addition to
his family and furniture, a set of wheel- Wright's tools, a gun and
a dog. Mr. Glenn settled first on Cuivre river, but made
about twenty settlements in all before he could find a location to
suit him. These were all within the present limits of Montgomery
county. He was a great hunter, and during the first year
of his residence in Missouri killed fifty-six deer, one elk, and
one bear. The names of his children were — Julia A , Emily H.,
Sarah E., James M., and WilUam I.

Godfrey. — George Godfrey lived at Ritford, England. His
son Peter married Dorothea Learey, of P^ngland, by whom he
had — Thomas, John, Edward, George, Charles, and Mary.
Thomas came to America and settled in Canada. John went to
California, and died on his return to England. Edward lives in
Mercer county, Pa. George married Mary Ostick, of England,
and settled in Pittsburg, Pa., in 1830, in St. Louis in 1836, and
in Montgomery county, where Jonesburg now stands, in 1838.
His children are — Mary A., George, Edwai-d, William O., John
W., Henry M., and James A. Mary A. married Rev. George
Smith, a Methodist minister, who came to Montgomery county in
1836. Mr. Godfrey has been a devoted Methodist for many
years, and a leading member of his church. His brother Charles
settled in Louisville, Kentucky, and his son, Charles, Jr., lives in
Fulton, Mo.

Gammon. — Benjamin Gammon, of Madison county, Va., mar-
ried Sarah Maddox, and settled in (now) Montgomery county.
Mo., in 1812. They had — John, Henry, Anderson, Stephen,
Jonathan, Benjamin, Jr., Harris, Elizabeth, Julia, and Sarah.
John, Anderson, and Benjamin all died unmarried. Jonathan
married Martha Dickerson, and lives on Hancock's Prairie, in
Montgomery county. Sarah married Alfonzo Price. The other
children married and settled in different States. Mr. Gammon,

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 268

Sr., built a hand-mill on his farm, which was the first in that pai't
of the country, and it supplied his own family and his neighbors
with meal for some time. The meal for his own family was gen-
erally ground just before it was required for use, and he allowed
two ears of corn for each individual ; but one day Jacob Groom
took dmner with them, and they had to grind three ears for him,
as he was very fond of corn bread. The grinding was done by
the . children, and it was said that Mr. Gammon "broke all his
■children at the mill."

Greenwell. — John Greenwell, of Kentucky, had a son Joseph,
who married a Miss Taylor, and they had — Ellen, Richard,
Joseph, Jr., John, and William. Richard was married first to
Eveline Raymond, of Kentucky, and second to Mrs. Counts,
whose maiden name was Rachel Davidson. The rest of the chil-
dren married and remained in Kentucky.

Hughes. — Major Thomas Hughes, of Bourbon county, Ken-
tucky, married Lucy Tandy, and their children were — AVilliam,
Gabriel, Thomas, Henry C., Elliott M., James and Susan T.
The Major's first wife died, and he subsequently married her sis-
ter, who was a widow at the time. Major Hughes held the posi-
tion of Justice of the Peace, in Paris, for forty years, and
all his decisions were sustained by the higher courts. He
also represented Bourbon county in the Kentucky Legislature.
His eldest son, William, married his cousin, Margaret Hughes,
and settled in Boone county, Missouri. Elliott M. received a
classical education, and came to Missouri when a young man, and
taught school in and near Danville for several years. He then
Feturned to Kentucky, where he married Jane S. McConnell, and
soon after came back to Montgomery county, where he remained
until his death, which occurred on the 14th of January, 1862.
He exercised a large influence in his community, and was a genr
eral favorite with all who knew him. He was fond of prff^tical
jokes, was full of wit and humor, and became a prominent mem-
ber of the Evanix Society of Danville. The names of his chil-
dren living in 1876, are — Blanche A., Duncan C, Susan C,
ElHott M., Jr., R. H., Arnold, and Tandy. Elliott M., Jr., is
Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery county, and is a rising
young lawyer, with a promising future before him.

Hunter. — This name in German is Yager, but when translated
it means Hunter. Andrew Hunter, and his wife, of Germany,
came to America and settled in Greenbriar county, Virginia,
where they had — John, Tobias, Philip, William, Peter, Elizabeth,
and Sarah. Peter, who changed the family name from Yager to
Hunter, married Mtirg&ret Wood, and settled in North Carolina
in 1816, and in 1819 he and his family and liis two sisters, Sarah
and Elizabeth, came to Missouri and settled in Montgomery
county. The change of the name was the cause of the family

264 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

losing a large estate in Germany, as tlie heirs could not be traced
after the change was made. Peter's children were — James, Rob-
ert, Andrew, Ephraim, William, John N., Ti.lesOn, Nancy, and
Elmira. All married and lived in Montgomery county.

Hall. — William Hall and Elizabeth Hicks, who was his second
wife, came from East Tennessee and settled in Montgomery
county in 1817. Their children were — Sarah, Elizabeth, Dorcas,
Nancy, Laney, David, and Henry. Sarah married John Morrow,,
and they had thirteen children. Elizabeth married Elijah Wad-
dell. Dorcas married Mark Cole, who was the first hatter in
Montgomery county. Nancy Hall married John R. Crawford,
who built his cabin in Montgomery county, in 1818. Among
others who were present and assisted him to raise the cabin, were
Daniel Boone and his sons Nathan and Jesse. Lewis Jones killed
the game and cooked the dinner, and found a bee tree not far dis-
tant, from which they obtained fresh honey for their dinner.
Crawford was noted for his ability to tell humorous yarns, and
entertain a crowd. Laney Hall married Ephraim Hunter.
David married Fanny Morrow. Henry married his cousin, Polly
Hall.

Howard. — Charles Howard, of Halifax county, Virginia, mar-
ried Nancy Lewis, and settled in Warren county, Kentucky. One
of their sons, named Joseph, married MaHnda Lennox, and settled
in Montgomery county, Missouri, in 1818. Their children were —
Sylvesta, Cynthia E., Elijah, Rachel, Estelle, Cordelia, and
Malinda. Mr. Howard's first wife died, and he was married
again to Phoebe Baylor, by whom he had John and George. She
also died, and he married a lady named McCormack, by whom
he had — Greenup, Nancy, and Matilda. He was married the
fourth time to Sydney Hall, by whom he had Joseph W. and a
daughter. He was married the fifth time to Nancy Bladenburg,
but they had no children.

Harper. — Capt. John Harper was a native of Philadelphia, and
followed the sea for many years after he was grown. In 1750 he
settled in Alexandria, Va., where he died in his 87th year. He
was married twice, and had twenty-nine children, eighteen sons
and eleven daughters. Charles, the youngest son by his first
wife, married Lucy Smither, who was of Scotch descent, and by
her he had two children. He was married the second time to a
Miss January, by whom he had nine children. The second son
of his last wife, whose name was Charles B., was born in Culpep-
per Co., Va., in May, 1802. He was married in 1823 to Anna
C. Price, of Pittsylvania Co., Va., and settled in Montgomery
Co., Mo., in 1830. He was engaged in merchandising at Dan-
ville for five years, and one year on his farm. He brought the
first demijohns to Montgomery county, and sold a great many as
curiosities, most of the inhabitants having never seen anything of

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 265

the kind. Soon after his arrival in ]\rontgoraery he went over to
Callaway county, one clay, to get a load of corn, and wore his
usual every-day clothes, made of home-spun cloth. On his way
back the road led him by a house where Jabe Ham was preach-
ing, and he stopped to hear the sermon. During the services the
minister called on the congregation to kneel in prayer, and all
knelt except Mr. Harper, who leaned his head upon his hand,
and remained in that position. Ham noticed him, and prayed
that the Lord would bless "that Virginia man, who had on store
clothes, and was afraid or too proud to get down on his knees."
Mr. Harper represented his county four years in the State Senate,
and has always been a good citizen, tie had eight children.

Ham. — Stephen Ham lived and died in Madison Co., Ky. He
was the father of John, Jabez, and Stephen Ham, Jr. John was
born in Kentucky in 1786, J*nd came to Missouri in 1809, and set-
tled in St. Charles county. He joined Nathan Boone's company
of rangers, and served during the Indian war. In 1816 he and
Jonathan Crow built a bark tent on Auxvasse creek, now in Cal-
laway county, and lived in it for some time, while they were en-
gaged in hunting. They were, therefore, probably the first
American settlers within the limits of Callaway county. Ham cut
his name on a lone tree in the prairie, which has since borne his
name. He was a Methodist preacher. He was married twice,
first to a Miss Bennett, by whom he had two children. She died
when the children were quite small, and their father took them to
their relatives in Kentucky, performing the journey on horse-
back, with one of the children before him and one behind. Wiien
he came to water courses that were deep enougli to swim his
horse, he would tie one of the children on the bank, swim across
with the other, tie it, and go back for the one he had left. He
afterward married a Miss Thomas, and they had six daughters.
Mr. Ham was a daring hunter, and there were but few who pos-
sessed nerve enough to follow him in all his adventures. He once
smoked a bear out of its cave and then knocked it in the head
with an ax. In 1823 he built a house on the Auxvasse, about
five miles above its mouth ; and the following year the big over-
flow came and washed away his smoke house, filled with bear and
deer meat. He followed it in a soap trough, which he used as a
canoe, and overtook the floating house where it had lodged
against a large elm tree. He took his meat and hung it in the
tree, and when the water subsided he had to cut the tree down in
order to get his meat. Mr. Ham subsequently removed to Illi-
nois, where he died in 1869. — Jabez Ham, brother of John, was
born in Madison Co., Ky.,in 1797, and came to Missouri in 1817.
He had no education, was of a roving disposition, and did noth-
ing for several years but hunt and fish. His mind was naturally
bright, and if he had been educated he would have made a re-

266 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

markable man. Rev. Aley Snethen and Lewis Jones taught him the
alphabet and learned him to read, and in 1824 he began to preach,
having united with the Old or Hard Shell Baptist Church. In
1826 he organized a church of that denomination on Loutre
Creek, and called it New Providence. For some time after he
began to preach he always carried his gun with him when he
went to church, both on week days and Sundays, and often killed
deer on his way to and from his preaching places. He also man-
ufactured powder, which he had a ready sale for at high prices ;
and by this means and from the proceeds of his rifle he made a
living and did well. He was a large, stout man, and often added
emphasis to his opinions by the use of his fists. On a certain
occasion he forgot th6 text that he had intended to preach from,
and when he arose in the pulpit he announced the fact by saying
to the congregation that he had a text when he left home, but had
lost it, and he had looked for it, and Hannah (his wife) had
looked for it, but they could not find it; but to the best of
his belief it was "somewhere in the hind end of Job, or there-
abouts, and it went about this way — ' Do any of you all know
the good old woman they call Mary, or Sal of Tarkus, who
said you must not put new wine in old bottles, for the bot-
tles will bust and the good stuff will all be spilled.'" Mr.
Ham often compared his sermons to an old shot-gun loaded
with beans, which, when it went off", was almost sure to hit some-
body, or somewhere. He died in Callaway county in 1842, and
was buried at New Providence Church, in Montgomery county.
His wife was Hannah Todd, of Kentucky, and they had fourteen
children. — Rev. Stephen Ham, brother of John and Jabez, married
Jane Johnson, of Kentucky, and came to Missouri in 1828. He
settled in Montgomery county, where he still lives, in his 72d
year. He also is a Baptist preacher. He had eight children, and
John and Hardin Ham, the well known and popular merchants of
Montgomery Citj^, are his sons.

HuDNALL. — ^William Hudnall, of England, married Fannie Mc-
George, of Ireland, and their children were — John, Thomas,
William, and Richard. The latter was a soldier of the revolu-
tionary war. He married a Miss Cresey, and they had a son.
Jack, who settled in Missouri in 1835. William was married
twice. By his first wife he had — Polly, Catharine, Lucy, and
Elizabeth. He was married the second time to a widow, whose
maiden name was Nancy Williams, and by her he had — Jabez,
Samuel, Patsey, Nancy, Parthena, Susannah, and WilUam R.
Catharine and Lucy married and settled in Howard Co., Mo.
Samuel (now living in Callaway county) married Julia A. Hewett,
and settled in Montgomery county in 1837. He got a good
ducking in Loutre creek, one day, in the following manner. He
was sitting on his horse, about the middle of the creek, talking to

MONTGOMEUY COUNTY 267

Ned Hudnall and William Elliott, who were engaged in a playful
scuffle on the bai k. Ned finally threw Elliot into the water,
which amused Hudnall so that he became convulsed with laugh-
ter, and rolled off of his horse into the creek. He happened to
roll into deep water, and had to swim to the bank, while his horse
swam out on the other side. Mr. Hudnall says he will never for-
get the first deer he killed. The weather was very cold, and
the deer froze fast to him while he was carrying it home on
his shoulder. AVhen he got to the house he had to build a fire
and thaw it before he could get away from it. — Susannah Hudnall
married William Elliot, who settled in Missouri in 1835.

Harding. — Alexander Harding, of Halifax Co., Va., married
Mary Hightower, and they had — Archibald, Anna, Benjamin,
Elizabeth, Mary, and Sally. Mr. Harding died in 1816, and his
widow married Josiah Rodgers, and moved to Alabama. Archi-
bald married in Virginia, and settled in Missouri in 1833. Anna
married James Anderson, and settled in Montgomery county in
1833. Benjamin served in the war of 1812. He married Mary
Nunnelly, of Virginia, and settled in Montgomery county in
1831. They had but one child, who died when nineteen years of

age.

Hensley. — Samuel and Benjamin Hensley were sons of an
English family that settled on the Potomac river in Virginia,
at an early date. Samuel married a Miss Landers, and
they had Samuel, Jr., and William. His first wife died,
and he was married again to Susan Taplett, by whom he had
several children. William, son of Samuel, Jr., by his first wife,
married Elizabeth Appleberry, of Virginia, and they had — James,
Benjamin, William, Jr., Thomas, Fleming, Judith, and P^lizabeth.
James, William, Jr., Thomas, and Fleming came to Montgomery
county in 1826, and all except Thomas afterward married and
settled in Jefferson Co., Mo. Thomas Hensley was born in Albe-
marle Co., Va., in 1796, and when eighteen years of age he en-
listed as a soldier in the war of 1812. He afterward married
Harriet Rust, who was a daughter of Samuel Rust and Mary Lee
Bailey, who was the daughter of James Bailey and Nancy Smith.
Mr. Hensley with his wife and four children, embarked in a keel
boat of his own make, on the Pocotalico river, and floated down
to the Big Kenhawa, and thence to the Ohio, on their way to Mis-
souri. They reached Louisville in safety, but just below that
place their boat sank, and it was with the greatest difR oulty that
they succeeded in reaching the shore in safety. Here they built
a cabin and remained one year, in order to recruit and build
another boat. At the end of that time, their boat being com-
plete, they re-embarked and proceded on their journe}'. When
they reached the Mississippi they found the current so strong that
they could not stem it, so Mr. Hensley gave his boat away, em-

268 PIONKKU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

barked his goods and furniture on a French barge, and conveyed
his family by land to Jetferson Co., Mo., where they remained
one year, and then settled in St. Louis county, seven miles from
the city of St. Louis. Here he entered 80 acres of land, which
he still owns, and which has become very valuable. Mr. Hensley
and his wife had nine children, and they now reside in Montgom-
ery City, Mo. He has been a Baptist minister for many years,
having made a solemn promise while on a bed of sickness, which
he expected would be his last, that if allowed to recover he
would go to preaching and devote the remainder of his life to the
service of the Lord. He recovered, and has faithfully kept his
promise. His courtship and marriage were somewhat romantic,
and happened i.n this wise, as related by Mrs. Hensley herself:
The first time she ever saw him he stopped at her father's house
to inquire the way to a place he was trying to find, and during
the conversation she stepped to the door, dressed in a home-made
striped lindsey dress, with a frying pan in her hand, from which
she was sopping the gravy with a piece of bread. The next day
Mr. Hensley returned, lost again ^ and made some additional in-
quiries. A week from that time he came back again, but not to
see her father. This time he wanted to know if she was engaged
to anybody else, and if not, how she liked his looks. His inqui-
ries were satisfactorily answered and it was only a few
weeks until the minister's benediction was given to help them on
their way through life.

Haslip. — Robert Haslip was a native of Maryland, but settled
and lived in Virginia. He had two sons, Samuel and John. The
latter was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Lucy John-
son, hy whom he had — Robert, James N., Samuel, John, William,
Malinda, Jane, Elizabeth, and Polly. James N. settled in Mont-
gomery Co., Mo., in 1838, His wife was Esther Clements, by
whom he had ten children. Robert, brother of James, settled in
Lincoln county in 1837, and in 1860 he was killed by a wagon
running over his body.

Henley. — Hezekiah Henley, of Virginia, had a son named
Thomas O., who was married first to Martha Bugg, by whom he
had — WiUiam, Samuel, Thompson, John, Nancy, Martha, and
Polly. After the death of his first wife he married Mary Hern-
don, by whom he had — Allen, AVilson, Thomas, Archibald,
Schuyler, Sarah, Lucinda, Amanda, and Catharine. Samuel was
married twice, and settled in St. Charles county. Allen settled
in Montgomery county in 1838. He married Lucy Thomas, and
they had ten children.

Hughes. — Thomas Hughes, of Abingdon, Va., settled in Ten-
nessee, where his son, William, married Sallie Green, and settled
at Middletown, Montgomery county, at an early date. They had
thirteen children.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 269

Harris. — James Harris, of Wales, married his cousin, a Miss
Harris, and settled first in the eastern part of Virginia,
but afterward removed and settled in Albemarle county. Their
children were — Wise, Tliomas, Joel, James, and Nathan. Thom-
as married Susan Darby, of Virginia, b}' whom he had — Anna,
Elizabeth, Garrett, William, Robert, Mary, Sarah, and Thomas,
Jr. Anna and Elizabeth came to Montgomery county, and the
latter married' Bernard B. Maupin. Garrett married Jane Ram-
sey, and settled in Montgomery county in 1837. Their children
were— William R., Mary B., Anna J., Garrett T., Margaret M.,
Sarah E., and Susan D. William R. is an influential citizen of
Montgomery county. He is at present Probate Judge, has
served eight years as County Judge, and several terms as Repre-
sentative in the Legislature. He is a substantial, upright citizen,
and enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him. He
married Margaret N. Bethel, of Virginia. — Joel, son of James
Harris, Sr., married Anna Waller, by whom he had — Clifton, Ira.
and Joel, Jr. Clifton married Mary Lewis, by whom he" had
Decatur, who married his cousin, Isabella Harris, and settled in
Montgomery county. — Waller C, Charles W., Mann H., Merri-
wether L., Susan, Catharine B., Matilda and Caroline, chil-
dren of Ira Harris, settled in Montgomery county. — William,
son of Thomas Harris, Sr., married Pateey Maupin, and settled
in Montgomery county ; also his brother Thomas, who married
Elizabeth Turk.

Henton. — Jesse Henton of Logan Co., Ky., was in the war of
1812. He married Sarah Hughes, of Kentucky, and settled in
Pike Co., Mo., in 1827, His children were — John, James L.,
William, David, Wesley S., Rolla W., Mary J., Benjamin, Sarah
A., Elizabeth E., and Harriet D. Rolla W. married P^lizabeth
L. Jamison, of Pike county, and settled in Montgomery. Sam-
uel, son of John Henton, settled in Pike county in 182G. He
married Mary Estens, and subsequently settled in Montgomery-
county.

HiCKERSON. — John Hickerson, of Fauquier Co., Va., married
Elizabeth Baker, and their son, Thomas, came to Missouri in
181G, as teamster for John Ferguson, who settled in Darst's Bot-
tom. In 1818 Hickerson moved to Montgomery county and
settled on the west bank of Loutre creek, near Loutre Lick. He
soon after married Susan VanBibber, daughter of Major Isaac
VanBibber, by whom he had thirteen children — Melissa, Thomas
A., James, Isaac V., Robert L., Alfonzo, and Susan J. The
other six children died in infancy. — Ezekiel Heckerson, a brother
of Thomas, married Elizabeth Hayden, of Kentucky, and settled
in Pike Co., Mo., in 1823, and in 1827 he removed to Illinois.
His children were — Elihue W., William B., Nancy A., Jamas,
Samuel, Silas L., Joseph L , and Miry A. Silas L. married

270 PIOXEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Jane Allen, of Callaway county, and now lives in Mexico, Mo.
Hopkins. — The parents of Price, William, John and Patsey
Hopkins, were natives of Queen Anne county, Va., but settled
a"nd lived in Bedford county. Their children married and lived
near the old home place, in the same county. Price was married
twice ; first to a daughter of Rev. James Price, a pioneer preacher
of Virginia, and second to a Miss Slater. By his first wife he had
WilUam M., John, Ann, and Sally ; we have no record of tlie
names of his children by his second wife. William M. was born
July 14, 1802, and was married to Nancy Hudnall, of Bedford
county, in 1832. In 1837 they bade farewell to their native place,
and started toward the setting sun to find a new home. T!iey
settled on Loutre creek, in Montgomery county, near Bryant's
store, in the fall of the same year, and Mr. Hopkins set diligently
to work in the cultivation and improvement of his farm. He was
an industrious, honest, upright man, and enjoyed the esteem and
respect of his fellow-citizens in the highest degree, who manifested
their confidence in him by repeatedly electing him to tlie impor-
tant position of Justice of the Peace. He was an excellent farmer,
and rarely ever complained of short crops or hard times, as his
barns and cribs were always full of grain, and his stock never had
to live on short allowances. He i-emained on his farm on Loutre
until 1855, when he removed to a farm near Montgomery City,
where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 11th day
of August, 1875. He became a member of the Baptist Church
some twenty years before his death, and ever afterward lived a
consistent Christian life, doing all he could for the cause of mor-
ality and religion in his community. He took an active interest
in everything that promised to advance the good of the people
with whom he had cast his lot, and when he was called away his
neighbors felt that they had lost a friend and counsellor whose
place could not easily be filled. His widow and six children sur-
vive him. He had nine children in all, but three preceded him
to the grave. By his frugality and industry he was enabled to
leave his family in good circumstances, and they can now attribute
the prosperity which they enjoy to his kind and fatherly interest
in their future welfare.

Hance. — Adam Hance was born in Coblin, a French province
of Alsace, and, as usual with the people of that country, spoke
both German and P^nglish. He came to America and settled
near Germantown, Pa., in 1722, where he married a German lady,
and raised a large family. His younger son, also named Adam,
married a Miss Stoebuck, of Pennsylvania, in 1768, and settled in
Montgomery county, Va. When the revolutionary war began,
fired by the prevailing patriotic feelings of the day, he joined the
American array under Wasliington, and served during the entire
war. He was in the battles of Brandy wine, Yorktown, and several

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 271

others, and experienced a great deal of very hard service. He
had six children, viz, — Henry, Peter, Martha A,, Priscilla, Will-
iam, and John, Henry was Sheriff of his native county for a
number of years, and afterward became a successful merchant in
Newburn, N, C. Peter was married first to Elizabeth Harper, of
Virginia, by whom he had — Mary, Anna, Margaret, Sabrina, Will-
iam, and James, After the death of his first wife, he married
Mrs, Juliet Hewett, whose first husband was drowned in Kentucky
about 1815, By her he had — Robert, Elizabeth, Harvey, and
Juliet, Mr, Hance settled in Montgomery county. Mo,, in 1829,
on what is now the Devault place, (Children of Peter Hance.)
Mary never married, and died in Virginia at the age of sixty
years, Sabrina manied Isaac C, Bratton, of Virginia, who settled
in Greenville, Tennessee, in 1831, and while living there had a
suit of clothes made by Andrew Johnson, who afterward became
President of the United States. Mr. Bratton settled in Mont-
gomery county, Missouri, in 1833. Several of his children
live in Kansas, and his son, Peter, who is a great fox
hunter and conversationalist, lives near Montgomery City.
Anna Hance married Dr. Samuel H. Gordon, of Gor-
donville, Va., who also settled in Greenville, Tenn., in 1831,
and had a suit of clothes made by Andrew Johnson, In 1836 he
removed to Missouri, and settled in Montgomeiy county, where
he practiced medicine and taught school for a number of years.
In 1846 he removed to St, Louis. His children were — Philip
Doddridge, James H., Nathaniel D,, Mary E,, Louisa H., and
Isabella V. Margaret Hance married William H, Alexander, of
Tennessee, who settled in Montgomery county in 1833. His
children were^ — Robert, Elizabeth (Mrs. J. P. Busby), Thomas,
Marston, and James G, AVilliam Hance settled in Illinois about
1825, and raised a large family, James Hance settled at the
Virginia lead mines, Franklin county, in 1838, where he married
Evelina Hurst, and died soon after. They had one son, James
R,, who was born after the death of his father, and is now an en-
terprising merchant of Montgomery City, Robert Hance married
and settled in Rushville, 111., and is supposed to have been killed
in the Confederate army. Elizabeth Hance married Rev. Jacob
Siegler, a Methodist minister, and a merchant at Shelby ville. Mo.,
by whom she had three children. Harvey Hance married Mary
Caplinger, and settled in Hannibal, Mo., where he died. Previous
to his death he was intimate with Samuel L. Clemens, better
know as Mark Twain. Juliet Hance married John Marmaduke,
at that time a merchant in Shelby ville. Mo. , but at present a res-
ident of Mexico, Mo. (Children of John Hance.) John, the
son of Adam, and brother of Peter Hance, married Kittie Hewett,
and settled in Montgomery count}^ Mo., in 1832. Their chil-
dren were — Henry W., Charles, Edward, Virginia C, Jane,

272 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Martha, and Meleina. Henry W. lives in St. Louis. Ciiarleswas
in the Confederate army during the late war, and lost an arm. He
is at present County Clerk of Randolph county. Edward is a
painter by trade. Virginia C. married Joseph C. Brand, and is
now a widow, living in St. Louis. Jane married a Mr. Freeman,
and died at Glenwood, Mo. Martha married Benjamin Douglas,
a farmer of St. Louis county. Meleina married Charles Lewis of
St. Louis county, and is now a widow.

Hudson. — John Hudson and his wife, who was a Miss Allen,
liA'ed in North Carolina. They had six sons — Isaac, Drury,
Thomas, William, John, and Jesse. Drury and Isaac were in the
revolutionary war. The latter settled in Georgia, where he mar-
ried Polly Shipper. He afterward removed to South Carolina,
and from thence, to Kentucky, and in 1818 he came to Missouri.
The names of his children were — Elizabeth, Nancy, Sally, John,
Thomas, William, and Charles. Elizabeth married Lemuel Cox.
Nancy married Garrett Ingram. Sally married James O wings.
John was married three times ; first to Lucinda Morris, of Ken-
tucky; second to Nancy HoUoway, and third to a widow lady
named Carolina W. King. Thomas married Poll}' Hammond, and
settled in Pike county. Charles and William married sisters, and
settled in Lincoln county. William's first wife died, and he after-
ward married Sarah Hamlet.

Ingham. — Jonathan Ingram married Barbara Mennefee, of Vir-
ginia, and settled in Logan Co., Ky. Their children were —
Rhoda, Jonas, Samuel, Garrett, James, Anna, Polly, and Bar-
sheba. Garrett married Nancy Hudson, and settled in Pike Co.,
Mo., in 1818. Their children were — Polly, John, Barbara, Eliza-
beth, Jonathan, Samuel, Nancy, and Sally. — Rhoda Ingram set-
tled in Indiana, and James and Polly in Illinois.

Jacobs. — John Jacobs, of Germany, came to America and set-
tled in Virginia, where he married Sarah Crawford. Their chil-
dren were — David, John, Peter, William, Elizabeth C, and Susan
H. William married Margaret A., daughter of Daniel McDaniel
and Mary Anderson, who were natives of Pklinburg, Scotland. By
her he had— Charles A., George R., Mary, Anna, Sallie, Sophia,
and Catharine H. Mr. Jacobs died in Virginia in 1828, and in
1831 his widow removed to Missouri and settled in Montgomery
county, where she died in 1850. Charles, who was. a wealthy
merchant of New Orleans, died without marrying. George R.,
who was a physician, married Louisa Parsons, of Virginia, and
settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1831, but subsequently
removed to Boone county. Mary and Anna died single, in Mont-
gomery county, one in 1843 and the other in 1844. Sophia mar-
ried Dr. Gorge Y. Bast, of New Florence. Catharine H. married
Henry Clark, Sr.

Jones. — Ezekiel Jones, of Buckingham Co., Va., married Rhoda

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 273

Gill, and they had — James, John, Andrew, Polly, Nancy, and
Sallie. John married Anna Herron, and lived in North Carolina.
They had eight children. Andrew was married first to a Miss
Wilson, daughter of a Congressman of that name from South
Carolina. He was married four times in all, and lived in Arkan-
sas. Polly married John Lapping, and they had five children.
One of their sons married and had thirteen daughters. Nancy
married Joseph Tate, of North Carolina; Sallie married .Jesse
Orr, of North Carolina. James married Elizabeth Wardlow,
daughter of Patrick Wardlow and Esther Connor, both of Ire-
land, but who settled in Buckingham Co., Va., previous to the
American revolution. He was married in 1811, and settled in
Montgomery county, where Jonesburg now stands, in 1329. The
town was named for him, and he was the first postmaster at that
place. He also kept hotel and the stage office, and after the
railroad was built he was ticket agent for some time. He had
seven children — Calvin, Julia A., Patrick, Luther, Thomas, Will-
iam, and James F.

Jones. — Richard Jones, who was born in England, married a
Miss Love, and settled in Botetourt Co., Va. He was a member
of the Baptist Church, but had to give a hogshead of tobacco
every year for the support of the Episcopal Church. The names
of his children were — William, John, and Silas. William married
Elizabeth Metcalf, and settled first in Shelby Co., Ky., from
whence he removed to Missouri and settled on Darst's Bottom,
St. Charles county, in 1818. In 1820 he removed to Callaway
county, and built a horse-mill, under the shed of which the Bap-
tists held religious services for a number of years. The mill
was kept by his son, WiUiam M., who afterward became
a Baptist preacher, and is now a merchant at Montgomery City.
William Jones' children were — Jane, Richard, Elizabeth L.,
Susan, William M., Minerva, Maria, JMartha, and Narcissa.
Jane married Robert Saylor. Richard married Unicia Davis.
He afterward died of consumption, and the day before his death
he was taken to the creek, on his bed, placed in a rocking-chair,
and baptixed, chair and all, by Jabez Ham. — Elizabeth L. Jones
married William McCormack. William M. married Elizabeth
Jones, and they had twelve children, one of whom, Judge Robert
W. Jones, has been Judge of the Probate Court of Montgomery
county, and is now editor of the Standard at Montgomery City.
— Minerva married Anderson Hunter. Maria married Martellus
Oliver. Martha married Benjamin Proctor. Narcissa maiTied
William Metcalf, of Kentucky.

Jones. — William R. Jones was born in the State of Georgia.

His father's name was John Jones, and the maiden name of his

mother was Robinson. William R. came to Missouri in 1819, a

single man, and settled in Montgomery county, where he was

18

274 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

married the same year to Mary Whitesides, by whom he had —
John H., James H., Amanda, Mary M,, Emeline, Nancy J., Will-
iam R., Jr., Sylvesta M., Samuel A,, Thomas S., and Perry S.
All the children, except three, who are dead, live in Montgomery
county. Mr. Jones was a Methodist preacher.

Knox. — David Knox was born in Ireland, in 1700. He had a
son named Andrew, who was born in 1728. In 1732 Mr. Knox
came to America, bringing his little son with him, and settled in
Philadelphia county, Pa. Andrew married Isabella White, of
Pennsylvania, and they had — Robert, David, Martha, James,
John, William, Mary, and Andrew, Jr. JMr. Knox was a soldier
in the revolutionary war, and having taken an active part in the
events of the day, a reward was offered for him, dead or alive, by
the British authorities. On the night of the 14th of February,
1778, he was at home visiting his family, and during the night his
house was surrounded by a party of Tories, who had come to
capture him for the reward. They announced their presence by
firing a volley of balls through the door, and tlien broke it down*
with the breeches of their guns. But before they could effect an
entrance, Mr. Knox and his son Robert met them with drawn
sabres, and laid about them so vigorously that they were soon
glad to retreat, with several of their party bleeding from the
gashes and cuts they had received. Some American troops in the
vicinity were notified of the attack, and immediately started in
pursuit. Several of the wounded were captured, as they could be
easily traced by the blood on the snow ; but the rest made their
escape. Those who were captured were tried by court-martial,
condemned as spies, and shot. David, son of Andrew Knox, was
born in Pennsylvania in 1760. He married Isabella Caldwell, of
Charlotte county, Va., and settled in Mercer county, Ky. Their
children were — William, George, Mary, Andrew, John C,
Robert, Davis C, James, Samuel, Benjamin F., and David R.
William was born in Mercer county, February 3, 1792. He en-
listed as a soldier in the war of 1812, and in 1818 he settled in
Montgomery county. Mo. On the 18th of December, 1828, he
married Sarah Clark, and the children resulting from this mar-
riage were — David F., Mary I., Isaac H., William S., and Davis
R. David F. married Catharine Davault, who died in 1875. He
has been Sheriff of Montgomery county several times, and is a
prominent and influential citizen. Mary I. married Dr. D. F.
Stevens, of New Florence. Isaac H.- was married first to Sarah
Clark ; second to Elizabeth Clark, and third to Caroline Snethen.
Davis R. married Alice Dyson.

King. — Isaac King, of Germany, settled in Wythe county, Va.,
and married Barbara Stroup (late Mrs. Fipps, of Montgomery
county. Mo.), by whom he had one son, John P. The latter
settled in Montgomery county in 1835, and married Susan Steph-

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 275

enson,- a granddaughter of James Heller, of revolutionary fame,
and who was at the battle of Bunker Hill.

King. — Isagic King, of South Carolina, married Lydia Sitton,
and settled in Tennessee. Their children were — Joshua, Abraham,
Sarah, and Joseph. Joshua, Abraham, and Sarah settled in Lincoln
county, Mo., in 1817. Joseph married Elizabeth Yates, and
settled in Montgomery county, in 1823. They had six children —
Conrad, Isa^c, John, Charles, and Sarah. Mr. King built a horse
mill, which was run principally by his wife. He took a great deal
of interest in politics, and was elected Justice of the Peace and
Captain of militia.

Kerr. — The father of William Kerr, whose name was Thomas,
died when he was six years of age. They were originally of Vir-
ginia, but at the time of Mr. Kerr's death they were living in
Mercer county, Ky. William was bound out by his mother, who
did not feel able to raise him ; and in 1827 he came to Mont-
gomery county. Here he married and had— James H. H.,
George W., Elizabeth, William A., John T., Melissa C, Benja-
min, Sophia, WilUam, Douglass M., and Milton. Two of the
children are dead, and all the others, except one, who resides in
Lincoln county, live in Montgomery county. William Kerr was a
stage driver for sixteen years, on different routes, but most of the
time on the route between Fulton and St. Charles, over the
Booneslick road. He was one of the best drivers that could be
found, and his services were sought by all the contractors.
The horses were herded on the prairies, like cattle, when they
were not in use.

Leavell. — Edward Leavell, of Virginia, married Elizabeth
Hawkins, and settled in North Carolina. Thev afterward re-
moved to Garrard Co., Ky., where they both died. Their children
were — Benjamin, Joseph, James, John, Edward, Nathan, Mary,
Nancy, Elizabeth, Catharine, Sally, and Mildred. Benjamin,
Joseph and John lived in Kentucky. Nathan died in North Caro-
lina. James married Rebecca Stinson, who cut the throat of a
mad wolf, that had bitten her father, while he held it. Their
children were — Margaret, Elizabeth, Jane, Julia A., William H.,
James M., Benjamin F., and PMward. Margaret married John
Stephens. Ehzabeth married Randolph Boone. Jane married
Mr. Carnifix. Julia A. married M. B. Snethen. William H. was
married three times. James M. died single. Benjamin F. mar-
ried Sarah Nunnelly, and they had one child, James. Edward
married Rhoda Sallee. Mildred, daughter of Edward Leavell, Sr.,
married Nicholas H. Stephenson, of Kentucky, and is now a widow
in her 8Gth year. Mr. Stephenson and his family started to Missouri
in 1813, on horseback, but after crossing the Ohio river they pur-
chased a wagon and traveled in that some distance, when the roads
became so bad that they could use it no longer. They then sold

276 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

the wagon and performed the rest of the journey on horseback,
arriving in St. Charles county in 1814, liaving been on the road
one year. Mr. Stephenson settled first in Howell's Prairie, where
he built a tanyard, and in 1818 he removed to Montgomery
county. He had two children, James and Mildred A. — Thomas D.
Stephenson, a brother of Nicholas, settled in Howell's Prairie,
St. Charles county, in 1812, where he married Mary Pitman. In
1844 he removed to Warren county, where he died. He was
County Judge and Justice of the Peace for some time, and was an
influential citizen.

Leach. — John Leach, of England, settled in Prince William
Co., Va. His son William was married first to Fanny George,
and they had Henry and Fanny. He was married the second
time to Martha Clark, by whom he had William, Reason, Louisa,
Martha, and Mary E. Henry married Frances Horton, and set-
tled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1830. They had two sons and
eight daughters. Fanny married John Robinson, who settled in
Montgomery county in 1830. William died in infancy. Mary
also died young. Reason, Laura, and Martha settled in Mont-
gomery county.

Lewis. — Edwin Lewis, of North Carolina, pitched his tent in
Montgomery county in 1830. He married Elizabeth Evans, by
whom he had — Wormlej', Mary, Edward, Francis, Hiram, Bent-
ley, Susan, Ann, and Lucretia. Mr. Lewis' first wife died and
he afterward married Mrs. Rebecca Wallpool, a widow, by whom
he had — Thomas, James, Elizabeth, Amanda, Margaret, Caroline,
and Jane.

Lawson. — Henry Lawson, of Shelby Co., Ky., married Rebecca
Lewis, by whom he had — Henry, James, Joseph, William, John,
Cynthia A., Mary, Laura, Rebecca, and Nancy. Mr. Lawson
settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1822. He and his wife were
present at the organization of Macedonia Church, on Cuivre, of
which they became members.

Lewis. — JEsop Lewis, a blacksmith, was of English parentage,
and lived in the State of New York, from whence he removed to
Vermont. The names of his children were — Rufus, Benjamin,
Eli, Chandis, Salina, and Hannah. Rufus, who was a cooper by
trade, married Elizabeth Gilbert, of Connecticut, and moved
with his parents to Ohio in 1816. They went from there to Ken-
tucky, and in 1819 they came to Missouri in keel-boats, landing
at St. Genevieve. They settled in Washington county, and in
1839 Rufus Lewis, with his wife and son, Enos W., came to
Montgomery county. They had three children besides Enos
W., viz.: Mary A., George W., and Elizabeth. The latter was
married first to Commodore C. Lewis, and after his death she
married Joseph Charles. Mary A. and George W. married and
settled in Missouri. Enos W. lives in Montgomery county, and

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 277

is a substantial, well-to-do farmer, fond of fun and frolic, and
nearly always has a joke to tell on somebody. He married the
widow Cotes, whose maiden name was Nancy Smith.

Lewelt.yn. — Jacob, son of Samuel Lewellyn, had a son Samuel
who settled in Pike Co., Mo., at a very early date, and died in
1837. He left a son, John W., who married Jane Trabue, of
Kentucky, in 1824, and had ten children, nine of whom are still
living. Mr. Lewellyn lived for some time in Clarke Co., Mo.,
where he was Judge of the Count}' Court for eight years. He
settled in Montgomery county in 1839, having lived in St.
Charles county in 1818, and in Pike county in 1820.

LoYD. — William Loyd, of Wales, emigrated to America, and
at the commencement of the revolution he sided with the Ameri-
cans and enlisted in their army. He settled and lived in Vir-
ginia. His son William married Mary Hill, and they had — Kirt-
ley, Richard, William, Willis, Robert, James, Anna, Mary,
Sarah, and Margaret. Kirtley lived in Virginia until 1860, when
he removed to Missouri. Richard married Mai'tha Ellis, and
settled in Montgomery county in 1838. William married the
widow Davault, whose maiden name was Virginia Maughs. Rob-
ert married the widow Brown, whose maiden name was Cynthia
A. Bush. James, Sarah, and Margaret lived in Virginia. Anna
married James D. Wood, who settled in Missouri in 1835. Mary
married Thomas Nunnelly.

Logan. — Hugh Logan was born in Ireland. At the age of four-
teen years he had a difficulty with his father, and ran away from
home and went to sea. He followed the life of a sailor for three
years, and then landed at Pliiladelphia, and made his wa}' from
there to Kentucky, during the first settlement of that State. He
married Rebecca Bryan, a sister of Jonathan, David and Henry
Bryan, who had been raised by her aunt, Mrs. Daniel Boone ; her
mother having died while she was young. Their children were —
William, Alexander, Hugh, Jr., Henry (called "Boss") and Mary
A. Mr. Logan was drowned in Fleming's creek, Ky., while
attempting to swim a race horse across the stream, and his body
was not found until twenty-four hours afterward. The night
before his death he had a singular premonition of his approaching
fate, in a dream, in which the catastrophe of the following day was
clearly depicted. He related the dream to his wife, who tried to
persuade him not to go near the creek tliat day ; but he laughed
at her for being scared at a dream, and met his death as above
stated. William Logan, the eldest son, married Nancy H.
Hoblis, daughter of Joseph Hobbs and Nancy Hughes, and came
to Missouri in 1820, with his wife and one child, on horseback.
They had twelve children in all. Mr. Logan died in 1852, but his
widow is still living, on the old place in Teuque Prairie, in her
8l8t year. Her memorj' is bright as ever, and she takes great

278 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

pleasure in relating incidents and adventures of early days in Mis-
souri and Kentucky. She still has her wedding dress, which is
made of home-spun cloth and striped with copperas. — Alexander
Logan married Elizabeth Quick, and settled in Callaway county,
Missouri, in 1817, but the following year he moved and settled
on South Bear creek, on the line between Warren and Montgom-
ery counties. He was a man of iron constitution, and could en-
dure the greatest extremes of cold and heat without apparent
inconvenience. His will was as strong as his constitution, and he
governed his family and everything that came under his control
with the strictest discipline. One day he accidentally killed a
fine donkey, for which he had paid $500, while trying to teach it
" horse sense " with a clapboard. — Hugh Logan married a Miss
Massey, and settled in Warren county. He was very fond of
hunting, and became subject to rheumatism from exposure in the
woods. Bst he was cured one day by an adventure with a bear,
which is related elsewhere. — Henry Logan came to Missouri when
he was quite a boy, and at the age of fourteen he accompanied
Daniel Boone and John Davis on a hunting expedition to Grand
river. His father having died while he was young, he was bound
out to learn the tanner's trade, and when he became able, he
opened a tanyard in Montgomery county, and carried on the
business for many years. He was more eccentric than any of the
other boys, and many amusing anecdotes are related of him. He
was a member of the Old Baptist Church, and a regular attendant
upon religious services. He would often carry his hat full of
grapes to church and pass them around to the ladies and children
during services. In warm weather he went barefooted, with his
pants rolled up nearly to his knees ; and it is said that he courted
his wife barefooted. He asked her father, Jacob Quick, for her
hand, late one Sunday night, long after the family had retired to bed.
It seems that, about twelve o'clock, he obtained the consent of his
sweetheart, and immediately knocked at the door of her father's
sleeping room, in order to secure his sanction. Mr. Quick, startled
at the unexpected summons, sprang up and demanded what was
wanted, to which Logan replied in a loud voice, "I want your
daughter Sally." The old gentleman, who was vexed at the dis-
turbance and the abruptness of the demand, replied angrily,
" Take her and go to the d — 1 with her." Mr. Logan wore a hat
for twenty years that was made by Mark Cole, out of raccoon and
muskrat fur. It would hold an even half-bushel of corn, and its
owner frequently used it to measure grain with. He once had a
bushel of seed corn that he was saving for a neighbor, when
another neighbor caihe along one day and wanted it, but Logan
told him he could not have it unless he would prove himself to be
the better man of the two. The neighbor said he was willing to
try, and so they went at it on a big pile of tan bark. The result

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 279

was that Logan lost his corn. Late one night, a stranger stopped
at his house and begged to stay all night, when Logan gave him
the following characteristic reply: " No, sir, you can't stay aZ?
night at my house, but if you feel like it you may spend the bal-
ance of the night with me." Notwithstanding his eccentricities,
he was a kind-hearted man and a good neighbor, and was
respected by all who knew him. Two years ago he started to
California to visit one of his sons, and not long after the train had
left Omaha he fell fr jm the car and was killed.

McFarland. — Joseph McFarland, of Ireland, came to America
before the revolution, and settled at Norfolk, Va. He joined the
American army when the war broke out, and was killed in battle.
He left a widow and one son, Robert, who settled in Madison Co.,
Ky., where he married Rhoda Quick, and they had — Sarah,
Joseph, and Rachel. Mr. McFarland's first wife died, and he
subsequently married Eva Farmer, of Virginia, by whom he
had — Eleanor, Lucinda, Elizabeth, Permelia, Eliza, and Robert.
Joseph McFarland settled in Montgomery county in 1825. He
married Polly Cundiff. Lucinda married James McGarvin, of
Montgomery county. Eliza married Jonathan G. Gentry.

Morrow. — Daniel Morrow, a soldier of the war of 1812, mar-
ried Fanny Hall, and settled in South Carolina, but afterward
removed to Tennessee. Their children were — John, Fanny,
Sarah, and Elizabeth. John married Sarah Hall, and settled in
Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1816. They had — William, Bethel C,
John H., David P., James A., Washington J., Lucinda, Eliza-
beth, and Sarah M.

Massey. — Thomas Massey, Sr., married Nancy Hill, of Ken-
tucky, and settled in Montgomery county in 1809, and in 1813
he settled at Loutre Lick, having obtained permission to do so
from Nathan Boone, who owned the land on which the Lick is
situated. His son, Thomas, Jr., was a ranger in Boone's com-
pany. There were eleven children in all, viz. : Israel, Thomas,
Jr., Harris, Ann, Agnes, Sally, Nancy, Matilda, Elizabeth, and
Docia.

Maupin. — Gabriel Maupin, eldest son of Thomas Maupin, of
Albemarle Co., Va., married Anna Spencer, by whom he had —
John, Thomas, Joel, Clifton, David, Arthur T., Susan, Nancy,
Polly, Rosana, and Patsey. Arthur T. and Joel married and
settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1838.

McGiNNis. — John McGinnis and his wife came from Ireland,
and settled first in Virginia, from whence they removed to Ken-
tucky. Their son, Greenberry D., married Sallie Lewis, of Ken-
tucky, and settled in Lincoln Co., Mo., in 1832. His children
were — EHzabeth, Margaret B., William B., Jane, Nancy, Thomas
S^, Maria, Milton, Sarah E,, and Mary E. Milton married Mar-

280 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

garet Williams, and settled in Pike county. Elizabeth married
Enoch Sevier, and lives in Lincoln county. William B, married
twice and settled in Illinois. Jane and Nancy died single. Sarah
E. married John Harris, and settled in Illinois. — Samuel, son of
John McGinnis, Sr., was married twice, and by his first wife he
had — John, Dora, Samuel, Jr., Polly, and P^lizabeth. He was
married the second time to Mrs. Mary McGinnis, by whom he
had, Erasmus T., WiUiam, and Jesse G. P>asmus was married
first to Miss Stewart, and second to Fanny Berger. He lives
in Montgomery county. William also married a Miss Stewart,
and lived and died in Montgomery county.

Mabrey. — Cornelius Mabrey, of Pittsylvania Co., Va., was a
mill- Wright by trade. He was married twice, but of his first wife
and her children we have no account. His second wife was
Polly Chaney, by whom he had — Patsey, Pleasant, Letitia, Eliza-
beth, Polly, and Philip. Mr. Mabrey moved to middle Tennes-
see and lived there several years. He afterward settled in Logan
county, Ky., where, after a residence of several years, he was
drowned. In 1828 his widow and her children came to Missouri,
and settled in Lincoln county, where she died two years after-
ward. The eldest daughter, Patsey, married George Huss, who
also settled in Lincoln county. Pleasant married Barsheba
England, and is now living in Pike county. He had seven chil-
dren, five of whom live in Montgomery count3^ Letitia married
James Eidrum, of Kentucky. Elizabeth married Shelton Cobert.
Polly married Elbert Enert. The three latter all live in Lincoln
county. Philip, who lives in Montgomery county, was married
twice ; first to Polly Uptegrove, and second to Eliza J. Hughes.
He is a carpenter by trade, and has done well in his battle with
life. In his younger days he was very intimate with Dr. McFar-
land, of Troy, and they went to all the quiltings and dances
together. They were both very tall men, and the lofts of the
cabins had to be taken out before they could dance without strik-
ing their heads against the boards. When the dance was over
they would assist in replacing the loft. Young men and women
often came to these frolics barefooted ; but they generally
went prepared with buckskin, from which they made moccasins to
dance in, before the dance began.

McCarty. — Ezekiel and Ira McCarty were sons of James Mc-
Carty and Jane Harding, of Virginia. They settled in Clark
county, Kentucky, in 1806, where they lived and died. They had
twelve sisters, all of whom married and settled in Kentucky.
Ezekiel was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was in the battle
known as Dudley's Defeat. He married Elizabeth Sidebottom, of
Kentucky. Their children were — Shelton A., Eli, James, Sally,
George W., John W., Joseph K., and Alfred S. Mr. McCarty
removed to Missouri and settled in Danville in 1836. He died

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 281

in 1866, and his wife in 1873. Elli, George W., and Alfred are
the only surviving children. George W. is a Justice of the Peace
and a prominent citizen. Ira McCarty, brother of Ezekiel, mar-
ried a Miss Moore, of Kentucky, and settled in Boone county,
Mo., where he raised a family of seven children.

Maughs. — Nathaniel Maughs was of Loudon county, Va. His
children were — David, William, John, Moses, Elijah, Stephen,
Vinson, JNIary, Sally, and Eli. Mr. Maughs removed from Vir-
ginia to Fleming county, Ky., and his children all came with him.
David and William were Baptist preachers, and the former settled
in Lincoln county, Mo. Elijah married Mary Smith, by whom
he had — Mordecai M., Milton M., Sophronia F., Lucinda S.,
Elijah C, Daniel M., and Mary S. V. Mr. Maughs died, and his
widow married his brother Stephen, who settled in Montgomery
county. Mo., in 1822. They -had — Jerry S. D. S., and George
M. B. Mordecai Maughs, who was a physician, was married first
to the widow Jane Scott; second to Dorothea Stephenson, and
third to Lizzie Offutt. He had sixteen children in all. The Doctor
was an educated, intelligent man, full of wit and humor, and very
fond of practical jokes. He lived at Danville for many years,
but finally removed to Callaway county, where he died. Sophro-
nia Maughs married Dr. William Proctor, of St. Louis. Mary V,
S. was married first to Henry Davault, and second to Willis Loyd,
both old settlers of Montgomery county. Jerry died a bachelor
in Montgomery county. George M. B., son of Stephen Maughs,
is a physician. He married Anna Anderson, of Callaway county,
and settled in St. Louis, where he has become distinguished in
his profession.

MoRKis. — The parents of Joshua and Samuel Morris died in
Virginia. Joshua married Narcissa Vallandigham, and settled in
Missouri in 1821. Their children were — William H., Samuel J.,
Lewis R., Sarah J., and Rachel A. Samuel Morris, brother of
Joshua, was a saddler by trade, and made such good saddles
that they became popular all over the country, and he had all
the work he could do. He settled in Missouri in 1821, and mar-
ried Esther Bryan, daughter of Henry Bryan. Their children
were — Joshua, Chester, Marion, Naoma, Cynthia, Lucinda, Julia,
Virlena, and Alice. Mr. Morris lives in Saline county ; his wife
has been dead several years.

McGnKE. — John McGhce, a native of Ireland, married Mar-
garet Adams, who was born in England. They settled in Shelb}'
county, Ky., where they had — Lynch, Emil}', Margaret, James,
AVashington, Nancy, and Rice. Lynch was a physician. He
married Margaret Shackelford, and settled in Louisville, Ky., but
removed to St. Louis, Mo., in 1«38. Washington married Julia
Sibley, of Kentucky, and died in 1828, leaving a widow and four
children — Mary H,, Robert L., Harriet, and Epsey. Mrs. Mc-

282 PIONKER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Obee and her children settled in Montgomery county, Mo., in
1841, and she is still living, in her 7Gth year.

MoouE. — James Moore was born in Campbell county, Va., in
17G1. He was married in 1795 to Priscilla Reed, by whom he
had — John G., William R., Sarah, Thomas, James G., Mary, and
Martha. He was a Captain in the war of 1812. In 1839 he came
to Missouri and settled on Dry Fork of Loutre, in Montgomery
county, where died in 1858. His wife died one month later. Mr.
Moore was a member of the Methodist Church, a quiet and inof-
fensive man, and highly esteemed by his neighbors and friends.
His son, William R., married Mary Hubbard, of .Virginia, and
settled in St. Joseph, Mo. Sarah married William Farris, and re-
mained in Virginia. Thomas married Edetha Reynolds, of Vir-
ginia, and settled in Montgomery county in 1839. James G.
never married. He settled in Montgomery county in 1839, and
is the only one of the original family still living. Mary
married William McDaniel, who settled in Montgomery county in
1839, Martha married Peter G. Hunter, of Montgomery county.

NowLiN. — James Nowlin and his wife, Martha Collins, were na-
tives of Scotland. They came to America prior to the revolu-
tion, and brought all their household and kitchen furniture with
them. They settled first in the eastern part of Virginia, but after-
ward removed to Pittsylvania county. Their only son, Bryan W.
Nowlin, was a Captain in the American army during the revolu-
tion. He married Lucy Waide, of Virginia, and thej^ had fifteen
children, thirteen of whom lived to be grown, and twelve of them
married. The eldest son, Peyton, married Lucy Townsend, and
settled first in Kentucky, from whence he removed to Saline
county, Mo., previous to 1820, and raised a large family of chil-
dren. Richard Nowlin, brother of Peyton, married Celie Shelton,
and settled first in Kentucky, and afterward in Saline county,
Missouri. Samuel Nowlin married Fannie Paul, of Virginia,
by whom he had Joseph and David. His first wife died, and he
was married the second time to Elizabeth Everson, by whom he
had two daughters, both of whom are living in Virginia. Joseph
Nowlin lived and died in Lynchburg, Va. David studied law at
the University of Virginia. In 1835 he married Elizabeth Berger,
of Virginia, and the following year he came to Missouri and set-
tled in Montgomery county, where he practiced his profession,
and was elected to several official positions in the county, which
he filled with credit to himself and his constituents. He was also
n Baptist preacher, and possessed more than ordinary powers as a
pulpit orator. His son, Samuel S. Nowlin, is an attorney, and
lives at Montgomery City. He has served his county as Circuit
Clerk, and made one of the best officers the county ever had. He
possesses a large influence, and his prospects for future political
advancement are good.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 283

NuNNELLY. — Peter Nunnelly was a "bound boy" to a horse
doctor and jockey, and was with Lord Cornwallis' army at York-
town, when it was captured. After the war he settled in America,
and was married twice ; first to Elizabeth Smart, by whom he had
— Peter, Jr., Absalom, Benjamin, Gillum, Buckner, Littleberry,
James, Ephraim, Mildred, Martha, and Judith. Ephraim married
Elizabeth Williams, and his son Ephraim married Eveline Scholl,
and lives in Callaway county. His children were — James, An-
derson, Daniel, John, Lucy, Mary H., Elizabeth, Sarah L., and
Susan A. James is a bachelor, and lives in Montgomery county.
Anderson married Violet Patton, and lived and died in Mont-
gomery county. Daniel married Catharine Lee. John and Lucy
died young. Mary H. married John McMahan. Elizabeth mar-
ried Granville Nunnelly, her cousin. Sarah L. married Benjamin
F. Leavell. Susan A. married Granville L. Gregor3\

Oden. — John Oden, of England, settled in Loudon county,
Virginia. His children were — Hezekiah, Thomas, John, Lewis,
William, and Vinson. Hezekiah married Elizabeth Leach, of Vir-
ginia, and settled in Pike county. Mo., in 1828. They had —
John, William, Vinson, Harriet, Maria, Poll}^ Sally, and Alfred,
Vinson married Mary House, and lives in Montgomery county.
William and Polly died in Kentucky. Sally was married first to
Joseph Thomas, and second to Garland T. Hudson. She is a
widow again, and lives in Audrain count3\ Maria and Alfred
married and remained in Pike county. Harriet married John
King, who moved to New Orleans, La.

Price. — Miles Price, of Wales, settled in Lincoln county, N. C,
prior to the revolutionary war. He married a Miss Sharp, and
had a son named Thomas, who was a soldier of the revolution. He
married Isabella Sharp, and they had Elizabeth, Thomas, jr.,
Reese, Isaac, James, John, Isabella, and Pollen. Zohn married
Anna Barber, of North Carolina, and they had four children pre-
vious to their removal to Missouri, viz. : Elizabeth L., Cynthia,
Miles S., and Thomas J. They came to Missouri and settled in
Pike county in 1819, after which they had the following children
— Robert B., John H., Sallie A., Emily I., and Lucinda J. All
of his children except Miles S., who is a member of the County
Court of Montgomery county, settled in Lincoln county. Mr.
Price, was Constable and Justice of the Peace in Pike county for
thirty years. He was also a great snake killer, and every spring
be and his neighbors would have a snake hunt. Oae spring they
killed 9,000 rattlesnakes. — Isaac Price first settled in St. Charles
county, and afterward in Lincoln. He married Tabitha Wilker-
son, of the former county.

Pegram. — The parents of Daniel Pegram were Sootch. Daniel
was born in Petersburg, Va., but settled and lived in Bedford
county, where he raised ten children, six sons and four daughters,

284 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURr

each of whom was more than six feet in height. Tiiomas, a son
of Daniel Pegram, married Nancy Hopkins, whose mother's maiden
name was Clark, and who had a brother, Chester Clark, who drew
$100,000 in a lottery. Thomas had but three children — James L.,
Edward T., and William. Tlie latter died in Virginia in his 19th
year. James L. married Julia R. Oley, of Virginia, and settled
in St. Charles county. Mo., in 1839, and in Montgomery county
in 1845. Mrs. Pegram died in 18G3. They had eight children,
four sons and four daughters. Edward T. Pegram married Mil-
dred Crane, of Montgomery county, and had two children, a son
and a daughter. (See "Anecdo'^es and Adventures.")

Peverley. — Peter Peverley and his wife, Libbie Myers, of Ken-
tucky, had the following children — Polly, Peggy, David, Daniel,
Elizabeth, Jacob, and Peter. The three daughters married and
settled in Montgomery county, -Mo. David died in Texas. Daniel
married Miss Cassety, of Kentucky, and settled in Montgomery
county in 1824. Jacob married Creey Bunch, of Montgomery
county. Peter married Jane Dungom.

Patton. — Jacob Patton and his wife, Rebecca Barnett, of North
Carolina, had four children — James, Thomas, Mary, and Rebecca.
They settled on Loutre Island, in Montgomery county, in 1810.
James, the eldest son, married Violet Douglass, and they had —
Robert, William, Jesse, Samuel D., Amelia, Cynthia A., and
Violet. Jesse married Nancy Burrell, and lives in Boone county.
Amelia married Eli Johnson, and is now a widow in Callaway
county. The rest of James Patton's children are dead. Thomas,
brother of James Patton, was bitten by a mad wolf, at his home
on Loutre Island, in January, 181G, and died of hydrophobia on
the 16th of the following August, in the 43d 3'ear of his age. His
wife died in December, 1867, in her 90 th year. Their children were —
James, William, Robert H., Thomas H., Elizabeth, Rebecca, Jane,
Violet, and Mary. Rebecca, daughter of Jacob Patton, married
John Gibson. She is now in her 88th year, a widow, and resides
in Callaway county. Mary married Thomas Patton, and their
children were — James B., William, Robert H., Thomas H., Eli
M., Elizabeth, Rebecca, Jane, Violet, and Mary.

Pew. — Reuben C. Pew was left an orphan at a very early age.
According to the custom of those days he was " bound out" for
his living, and got a A'ery poor one. His master treated him
badly, worked him hard, and gave him no education. When he
was sixteen years of age he could not read or write, and his
master, desiring to get rid of him, induced him to sign the
muster roll of a company that was recruiting for service in the
revolutionary war, telling him it was only a common piece of
writing, and could do him no harm. The consequence was that
he had to go into the army, very much against his will. He was
captured soon after his enlistment, and held as a prisoner for

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 285

several years, during which time he experienced all the horrors of
the British prisons of those times. After the war he married a
Miss Smith, and settled in North Carolina,, where he and his wife
died, leaving seven children, viz.: Reuben P., Benjamin F.,
Anderson S., Frances, Jemima, Polly, and Zilphey. Reuben P.
was born in 1789. In 1810 he married his cousin, Sarah Park,
who died in Kentucky in 1818, leaving four children — Erasmus
D., Perraelia H., James S., and William H. When the war of 1812
began, Mr. Pew enlisted, and was taken prisoner at Dudley's
Defeat, but afterward exchanged. After the death of his wife he
came to Missouri, and made a contract to haul a lot of tan bark
to St. Louis. He returned to Kentucky, got his team, came back
to St. Louis, fulfilled his contract, and cleared $1,200.
He then returned to Kentucky, and removed his family to
Montgomery Co., Mo., where he settled in 1819. Here he
married Nancy Yater, by whdm he had eight more children — An-
derson J., George W., Amanda C, Frank M., Sally, Frances S.,
Mary J., Judith E., and Nancy E. Mr. Pew built the first horse-
mill in the northern part of the county, and made good flour,
which was a rarity in those days. He put the flour into sacks,
and sent his boys on horseback to peddle it out over the country,
at the rate of one cent per pound. They frequently went as far
as thirty miles from home to sell a few pounds of flour. — Benja-
min F. Pew married Elizabeth Clark, of Kentucky, and settled
in Audrain county. Andrew S. married Anna Betheuram, and
settled in Montgomery county in 1836. They had — William D.,
Reuben C, Mary A., Jane H., Eliza A., and David A. Mr. Pew
and his wife died at the same time, in 1844, and were buried in
the same grave. Frances and Jemima married and settled in
Grundy Co., Mo. Polly married Simpson Stewart, who came to
Missouri in 1821, but afterward removed to Illinois. Zilphey
mai'ried a Mr. Polk, who settled in Indiana.

Peery. — George, William, and James Peery emigrated from
Scotland and settled in Tazewell Co., Va. George married Mar-
tha Davidson, of Ireland, and they had three sons and nine
daughters. Joseph, the youngest son, married Elizabetji Hall,
of Virginia, and settled in Montgomery Co. , Mo., in 1836. Their
children were — Charles, Albert G., Gordon C, Thomas, Andrew,
William H., Joseph A., and George. The members of the Peery
family are a genial, hospitable people, and highly esteemed by
their neighbors and acquaintances. Dr. Thomas Peery, who
died in 1875, was especially distinguished for his many excellent
qualities, and his loss is deeply felt by the community in which
he lived.

Purvis. — John Purvis and his wife, Margaret Strother, of Vir-
ginia, had — Frank, George, Strother, John, William, Thomas,
Elizabeth, Frances, Harriet, and Mary. Strother mai-ried Eliza-

286 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

beth Sterne, and settled in Montgomery county in 1839. They
had nine children.

Powell. — William G. Powell, of Holland, settled in Albe-
marle county, Virginia. His son, Lewis G., had three sons,
James, Buck, and Lewis, Jr. James married Nancy Shelor, of
Germany, and settled in Montgomery county, Missouri, in 1820.
They had — John W., James W., William L., Thomas J., and two
daughters, who died in infancy. After the death of James Pow-
ell, his widow, who lived for many years afterward, proved her-
self to be a woman capable of managing the business affairs of life
and carrying them to a successful issue. During the cold winter
of 1831-2 she had what is called a "jumping sleigh" built, and
went in it to Virginia, one thousand miles distant, by herself, and
brought back some negro slaves in another "jumper" similar to
her own. Very few women have ever accomplished such a feat as
that. — Buck Powell was a very stout man, and it is said that he
could lift a barrel of whisky by his teeth and drink from the bung
hole. He won a bet of fifty cents one day, by biting a ten penny
nail in two, and he certainly earned his money. — Thomas J., son
of James Powell, is a prominent attorney and citizen of Mont-
gomery county, and lives at New Florence. He has been Sheriff
of the county several times, and wields a large influence in politi-
cal matters.

Pearle. — WiUiam Pearle, of Virginia, settled in Lincoln
county, Kentucky, among the first settlers of that State. During
a portion of the Indian troubles he took refuge with his family in
the fort at Crab Orchard. His son, Henr}', married Polly Ows-
ley, sister of Governor Owsley, of Kentucky, by whom he had
twelve children, seven of whom lived to be grown. The names
of the latter were — Samuel, William S. F., Patience, Joel, Henry,
Nudigit O., and Catharine. Samuel married Sally Dugan, and
settled in Warren county, Missouri, in 1830. Joel married Re-
becca Wyatt, and settled in Montgomery county. Henry mar-
ried his cousin, Sally A. Pearle, t.nd settled in Montgomery
county in 1833. He was a school teacher and farmer, and
concluded once that he could preach as well as anybody. So he
gave out an appointment at the school house, and when the time
arrived, a large congregation was in attendance to hear him. . He
gave out the hymn, sang, and led in prayer as well as any one,
but when he arose to preach his subject "flew from his brain,"
as he graphically expressed it, and he could not preach at all.
He apologized by saving, " We thought we could preach, but we
can't preach," and took his seat. Another incident of an
entirely different character, but equally embarrassing, happened
to him soon after he came to Montgomery count3\ Four or five
of his horses strayed away, and he spent several months in hunting
them, during which time he rode four or five hundred miles, and

MONTGOMERY COUNl'Y 287

at last found his horses within five miles of home, where they
had been all the time, grazing on the prairie. — Patience
Pearle married William S. Wyatt, of Warren county, and settled
in Montgomery county in 1836. The rest of the Pearle children
settled in Montgomery county at a later date.

PoiXDEXTER.— Joseph Poindexter, of Bedford county, Virginia,
was a Captain in the revolutionary war. He married Elizabeth
Kenerly, and they had a son, Richard, who married a Miss Ford,
of Virginia, and settled in Montgomeiy county in 1837. They
had — Elizabeth A., Parthena S., Caroline K., Hezekiah F., Eliza,
Edward L., Joseph C, James W., John D., and Mary L., most
of whom settled in Montgomery county.

Quick — Jacob Quick, of Germany, married a widow named
Morris, whose maiden name was Rhoda Moore, of Ireland. They
first settled in Maryland, where they had — Aaron, Alexander,
Jacob, Jr., Sarah, and Rachel. Mr. Quick then removed with
his family to Kentucky, and in 1811 he came to Missouri and set-
tled on Loutre Island, in Montgomery county. Previous to his^
removal to Kentucky his children had never tasted corn bread.
In 1812 he built a block-house, for protection against the Indians,
in Best's Bottom, on the place that was settled by John Hancock,
for whom Hancock's Prairie was named. Mr. Quick died at this
place in 1822, and his wife in 1834. During their residence there
an old Indian named Phillips lived with them for several years.
He finally left them, and his body was afterward found away out
in the western wilderness, with his gun lying by his side. — Aaron
Quick, the eldest son, died a bachelor. Alexander married Nancy
Gilbert, of Kentucky, where they resided thirteen years, and
then came to Missouri. Their children were — Elizabeth, William,
Stephen, Sarah, Samuel, Aaron, Rhoda, Alexander, James, and
Gilbert. Jacob, Jr. ,• married Phoobe Copps, of Kentucky, and
settled in Montgomery county, on Whippoorwill creek, in 1811.
They had eight children — William, Jacob, Sampson, Polly, Patsey,
Sally, Peggy, and Elizabeth. Sarah Quick married Jacob Groom.
Rachel married Robert McFarland, of Kentucky. They had only
two children, Joseph and Sally, both of whom settled in Mont-
gomery county.

RocKAFELLOw. — Peter Rockafellow, and old revolutionary sol-
dier, was of German descent. He married the widow McGlathan,^
and settled in Montgomery county, Missouri, in 1822. (He lived
a short time in St. Louis county, when he first came to Missouri.)
He had but one child, Anna, who married Andrew Hunter.

Russell. — Robert Russell, of Campbell Co., Va., settled in
Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1830. His wife's maiden name was
Bridget Bryant. Their children were — James, Harrison, John,
Mary, Susan, P^lizabeth, and Sarah. Mr. Russell died in 1831,
and was the first person buried in the noted old Virginia grave

288

PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

yard, of Montgomery county, which received its name from the
fact that nearly all who were buried there were Virginians.

Rice. — William B. Rice was a revolutionary soldier. Previous
to his enlistment in the army he accompanied Daniel Boone on
one of his expeditions to Kentucky. He married Rebecca Ar-
lington, by whom he had — David, William G., Benjamin, Samuel,
Callier, and Sophia. Mr. Rice settled in Montgomery county in
1825, and died in his 95th year. His eldest son, David, married
Elizabeth Henderson, by whom he had a daughter named Louisa,
who married Judge William G. Shackelford, son of John Shack-
elford, of Virginia. The Judge was left an orphan at four years
of age, and was raised by his uncle, Samuel Lawrence, who edu-
cated him for a lawyer. He came to Montgomery county in
1835, where he lost his wife, by whom he had six children. He
afterward married Anna Rice, daughter of William G. Rice, bj''
whom he had six other children. Judge Shackelford was Judge
of the County Court of Montgomery county for twenty-one years.
He was a successful farmer, also, but never had a cart or wagon
on his place. His corn and other produce were gathered in
baskets and carried to the barn. — William G. Rice was married
first to Mary Vandiver, by whom he had three children. His
second wife was Sally Vandiver, by wlioin ho had nine children.
Mr. Rice was elected

Assessor at a time
when the county was /
in debt, and he made |
such a thorough and "^
accurate assessment ^i
that he paid the debt M
and left some money |"''
in the treasury. It
is said that he rode
an ox most of the
time as he traveled
over the county, and
although the asser-
tion cannot be sub-
stantiated, it is uni- mr, bice assessing Montgomery county
versally believed, on an ox.

and is doubtless true. But no matter what sort of an animal he
rode, he made one of the best assessors Montgomery county ever
had, and his horned steed no doubt greatly assisted him in climb-
ing over the mountainous region that borders upon the head
waters of Loutre. Mr. Rice also kept tavern on the Boones-
lick road, where Mrs. Davault now lives, and when a traveler
asked the price of dinner he would be told that he could get corn
bread and "common fixins" for 25 cents, but if he wanted wheat

MONTGOMEUY COUNTY 289

hreacl and "N-likken tixiiis" it would •>e 37^ cents. If llie trav*
■»ler (K'ci<U*<l to take hoili kinds of "fixins," be paid G2J cents,
aie Ills dinnrr, and departed, mucli amused at the singular terms
of his ecceninc iiost.

RouGEKS. — James Rodgers. of Pennsylvania, settled in Nelson
Co..- Ky., vvhere he raise«l a large family of children, and gave
each of them a Bih!e. Presley Rodgeis. his son, married Eliza-
heili Folay. of Kentucky, hy whom he had— -Hatha A., Mary E.,
James. John. Ph(el)e, Felix G , Elizahetli E., Nancy, Julia A..
Pernesia, and America. Mr. Rodgers came to Missouri in 1831,
and selUed in Howard county, afterward in Boone, then in Saline,
and finally in Montgomery. He was a blacksmith, and worked at
his trade until his death, which occurred in Deceml)er, 1863. He
built the first blacksmith shop in Montgomery City. Eight of his
eleven children are still living, and seven of them reside in Mont-
gomery county.

Stkobe. — Christian Strobe, of Pennsylvaiiiu, removed first to
Indiana, and from theni-e to Audrain Co., .Mo. His wife w.as
Marry Miller, of Kentucky, and they had — William H., Eliza,
James, Isabella, George, Rel)ecca, Mary, and Christian, Jr.,
most of whom have families, and live in Audrain and Montg( m«
ery counties

Sanders. — Christopher Sanders settled near Loutre Lict, in
Montgomery county, at an early date. He was a great hunter,
but somewhat indolent, and generally depended upon borrowiwu
a gun to shoot, his game with ratlmr than perform the labor of
carrying one. (See '"Anecdotes and Adventures.") He raise(l
four sons and two daughters — Jack, James, Joseph, William,
Nancy, and Rachel. William married Ibby Slavens, a daughter
of Stewart Slavens, of Middletown.

Sharp. — Thomas Sliarp was a native of Ireland, but emigrated
to America, and settled first in Pennsylvania, from whence he
removed to Washington Co., Va. He was married twice, and by
his first wife tie had — John, Thomas, Jr., and Benjamin. By his
second wife he had but one child, David, who became a Methodist
minister, and lived and died in Virginia. Thomas, Jr., settled in
Kentucky. Bnjamiu vvas a soldier in the revolutionary war, and
was in Colonel Campbell's f(»inraand at the itattle of Kimi^'s
Mountain He married Hannah Fulkerson, of Virginia, and
their children were — James P., John D., Poily C, Jacob L.. Cath-
arine E., Attosa P., Hannah D., Peter L , F^lvira E,, Malinda
M., Margaret J., and Benjamin F. In 1816 Mr. Sharp removed
to Missouri with all his family except John and Malinda, and
settled in (now) Warren county, three miles east of Pinckney.
When Montgomery county was organized in 1818, he vvas ap-
pointed Clerk of the County and Circuit Courts, and held the
position until the State was admitted into the Union. A small log
19

290 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOHKI

cabin was built in his yani and used as a court house, until t!>e
county s^at was locate«i at Piiickney, wlui-h was naraed tor his
daughier, Atossa Piuckney Sharp. Mr. Sharp died at the old
hoin> stead in 1843 ; his wile died two years previous. Tiieir sou
James married Caihariue Neil. Polly C. married Jerry H. Neil.
Jacoit L mairied Harriet Vance. After the organization of the
Slate government he bought the offices of County and Circuit
Clerk from a man named Long who had been appointed by Gov.
McNair. He paid $100 for those offices, and continued to hold
them by election until 1865. He was a bald-headed man, and
wore his hai on all o(H-asioiis, including the sitting of the Courts,
a privilege which all the Judges allowed him. While the county
seat was located at Lewiston he made a regular practice of taking
the prisoners out of the jail and exercising them. He died in
1869. Attossa Sharp married Capt. John VVyatt, a soldier of the
war of 1812. Hannah D Married Beston Callahan. Peter L.
married Jane Johnson. Elvira married James Hughes. Catharine
E. married Conrad Carpen'^er. Margaret J. married Frederick
Hamilton, who was editor of the Columbia, Mo., Patriot. Ben-
jamin F, is a physician, and is the only one of the twelve brothers
and sisters who is still living. He married Mary H. McGhee,
and resides on his farm near Montgomer}' City, respected and
honored by all who know him. Samuel T. and Benjamin F.,
sons of Jacob L. Sharp, are well known and prominent citizens of
Montgomery county.

See. — The Sec family is of German origin. Three brothers,
Adam, Georife, and Michael, with seven sisters, were raised in
Hardy Co., Va. Their father, George, and a negro man were all
Icilled by lightning while stacking hay. The girls married and
settled in Kentucky and Ohio Adam was a prominent lawyer,
and lived and died in Virginia. Michael married Catharine
Bxker, of Hardy Co., Va., by whom he had — Mary, Elizabeth,
A<lam C , Barbara, Anthony, Jacol>, John, Solomon, and Noah.
Mr. See was a soldier of the war of 1812. He settled in Mont-
gomery Co., Mo., in 1837. His daughter Elizabeth married
Hugh Hart, who settled in Montgomery county in 1839. Barbary
ma ried Ttiomas McCleary, who settled in Mongomery county in
1810 Jacob married Rachel Morrison, and settL d in Montgom-
ery county in 1837. He has been Justice of the Peace and Dep-
ut/ Shviriff, and is now the Representative of his county in the
State Legislature. He was also a prominent member and officer
of tiie Evanix Society, in Danville. Mr. See is very fond of fine
B ock, and in 1871 he raised eighteen hogs that averaged from 700
to 1000 pounds each. He took them to St. Louis, had them
made into bacon, and sent the hams to Memphis, Tenn. But
they were shipped back, with a statement from the commission
merchant that they were not buying horsn hams. Mr. See also

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 291

raised, and still has in his possession, the largest ox in the world.
He has mad€ a good deal of money Isy exhibiting this mammoth
brute in various parts of the United States, and everywhere he
goes crowds gather to see the wonder. — John See married Marga-
ret Stewart, and settled in Montgomery county in 1839. Noah See
was married first to his cousin, Margaret See, and after her death
he married Mary A. Saylor, and settled In Montgomery county in
1839. He is an influential and wealthy citizen, and has been
County Surveyor for a number of years.

Saylor. — Emanuel Saylor and his wife, Ann Hulett, were early
settlers of Montgomery count}'. They had James, John H. , and
Thomas. James married Libbey Cobb, and they had eleven chil-
dren. John H. married Virginia M. Perkins, of Kentucky.
Thomas married Maria Rice, and after his death his widow mar-
ried John Hays.

Stevens. — Richard Stevens was a noted hunter and trapper.
He married Sally Ambrose, and settled in Montgomery county in
1831. The first day after his arrival in Montgomery he killed
six deer, and during his residence in the county he killed 400
deer, 40 bears, and so many wild cats, raccoons, etc., that he could
not keep an account of them. He had six children — Hiram A.,
Emily, Willis, Lucretia, Virginia, and Joseph. Hiram A. mar-
ried Sarah A. Garrett, and lives in Montgomery county. Emily
married Evans B. Scale, and also lives in Montgomery county.
The rest of the children settled in other States.

Stevens. — Thomas Stevens emigrated from England and settled
on the James river, 120 miles above Richmond, Va., prior to the
revolution. His children were — John, William, Susan, Delila, P]liz-
abeth, and Lucy. John married Amanda Thornhill, of Virginia,
and they had — Thomas, William, Absalom, Elizabeth, Nancy,
Susan, and Hope. Thomas was a soldier in the revolutionary
war. He married Agnes Perkins, and settled in Missouri in
1826. His children were — John, William, Agnes, and Eliza. He
was married the second time in Missouri. William, who was a
Baptist preacher, was born in May, 1786. He married Frances
A. Ferguson, daughter of Dougal Ferguson and Elizabeth Archer,
whose father was the third owner of Bermuda Hundreds on James
river. William Stevens settled in Montgomery county in 1830.
His children were — Dougal F., Wiljiam H., John A., Thomas,
Eliza, Mary S., Frances A., and Virginia. Nancy, daughter of
John Stephens, married Jacob Maxey, who settled in Montgom-
ery county in 1835. They had — William B., Joseph, Redford,
Jacob, Elizabeth, Mar}', and Nancy.

Sinci.eton. — Spiers Singleton was the son of George Singleton,
of North Carolina. He married Lucinda Whitesides, of Christian
Co., Ky., and settled in Illinois, where he died, leaving a widow
and seven children. Her brotlier, James Whitesides, brought

292 PIONEER FAMIMES OK :MISS0LUI

her anil the children to Montgomery county, and attended to their
wants until the children were grown, and at his death he left
most of his property to them. The names of the children were —
James W., Kwell 1)., John S., Emeline, Cynthia A., Polly, and
Mary A.

SxETiiEX.- -Abraham Snethen and his wife, Elizabeth Stewart,
were natives of Germany. They emigrated to America and set-
tled in New Jersey, where they had eleven children, of whom
the names of only seven are now remembered. They were —
William, John, Reuben, Polly, Lydia, Elizabeth, and Margaret.
William married and settled in Kentucky in 1792, and in 1810 he
removed to Ohio, where he lost his wife. He then started to re-
turn to New Jersey, but died of cholera, at Ilagerstown, Md.
.John was born in March, 1789, and when he was eight years old
his mother died. He was then bound out to a man in P^lizabeth-
town, N. J., to learn the trade of wheel- wright. He remained
with the man seven years, and then having had a misunderstand-
ing with his landlady, he ran away and went to Philadelphia,
where he embarked on board a ship as a sailor He followed the
sea seven years, and during the latter part of that period, while
tlie ship was returning from the West India Islands, with a cargo
of sugar and coffee, the yellow fever broke out among the crew,
and all of them died except Snethen, the cook, and one sailor. They
succee<led, however, in bringing the vessel safely into port, and
deUvering her to the owners, whose admiration of Snethen's
bravery and skill was so great tliat they proposed to educate him
and give him command of a ship, He accepted their offer, but
in the meantime paid a visit to his friends in New Jersey, who
persuaded him to abandon the sea. He then went to Kentucky,
and arrived at Maysville (then called Lewiston) in December,
1799. Here he first heard of the death of General Washington.
From Maysville he went with his brother Reuben to visit their
brother AVilliam, who lived in Estell count}'. There he became
acquainted with and married Susan Box. He remained in that
county seven years, and bought several tracts of land, all of
which he lost on account of defective titles. In 1808 he placed
his wife, three children, and all their household goods and chat-
tels on a two-year old filley and a little pony, and came to
Missouri. He settled four miles above Loutre Island, on the
Missouri river, where he remained one year. During that time
he was visited by a party of French hunters, who expressed sur-
prise that he had settled in the bottom, "For," said they, "our
fathers have seen the water over the tops of the sycamore trees."
He became alarmed at their statement and removed seven miles
northward, and settled on Dry Fork of Loutre, where several
other families soon gathered about him. In 1812 he removed to
Howard county, in company with Make Box, Elisha Todd, James,

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 293

John, and William Savage, William Warden and Robert Benton,
and their families. They placed their families in Kincaid's Fort,
and joined the rangers, to assist in protecting the settlement
against the Indians. Mr. Snethen aftexward removed his family
to Hempstead's Fort, which was larger and stronger than Kin-
caid's. They remained there until 1814, when tiiey removed to
Cooper's Fort. On the night of the 14th of April of that year,
Capt. Sarshall Cooper was killed by some unknown person, who
picked out the chinking of his chimney and shot him through the
opening as he was seated in his cabin. Mr. Snethen was seated
by his side at the time, but was not hurt. In 1818 Mr. Snethen
returned to his old place on Dry Fork of Loutre, where he re-
mained until his death, which occurred on the first of January,
1859. He raised twelve children of his own, and twelve negro
children, and there was not a death on his place for forty-five
years. He saw eighty-one of his grandchildren before his death.
Mr. Snethen and his wife were both members of the Old Baptist
Church. Their children wei-e Aley B., John, Jr., Polly, Eliza-
beth, WilUam, Sally, Reuben G., Muke B., Nancy, Emeline,
David S., and Matilda. Aley B. was a Baptist preacher and a
physician. He married Caroline Johnson, and had fourteen
children. John, Jr., Avas a merchant at Troy, Mo., for thirty-
seven years, but has retired from business. He is an intelligent
gentleman, and can give a vivid portrayal of the dangers and
trials of pioneer life. He went to school with Kit Carson in
Cooper's Fort, and received most of his education while they were
living in the forts during the Indian war. He married Euphemia
Wells, a sister of Carty Wells, by whom he had six children. Mr.
Snethen clerked in the store of Charles Drury, at Loutre Lick,
from 1824 to 182(5. Polly Snethen married John Cundift",- and
they had fourteen children. Elizabeth married William Clark.
William married Susan Groom, and they had eleven children.
Sally married Holland Whitesides. Reuben G. was married
three times ; first, to Rebecca Dixon ; second to Catharine
Hunter, and third to Lucinda J. Sallee. He had twelve children
in all. Muke B. married Julia A. Leavell, and they had five
children. Nancy was married first to James Russell, second to
Alfred Windsor, and third to Newton J. Hunter. Emeline
married Toleson Hunter. David S. married Keziah FelkniflT.
Matilda married Benjamin F. Clark. Reuben Snethen, brother
of John, Sr., married a Miss Smith, and settled on Duck river,
in Tennessee. Abraham, another brother, was married twice,
and lived in Callaway count3^

Stewaut. — John Stewart, of Bath Co., Va., was of Irish
descent. He married Hannah Hickland, of Virginia, and their
children were — James, John, Edward, Jacob, Miranda, David,
Margaret, Nancy, and Jennie. John married his cousin, Mary

294 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Stewart, and they had — Octavia, Tabitha, Osborne, Margaret,.
Alonzo, Emily, Martha and Cortez. Mr. Stewart settled in
Montgomery county in 1839. His tliree j'ounger children died
before they were grown. Octavia married Frank Devine.
Tabitha married Rev. Martin Luther Eades, who died in old age,
and she afterward married Lewis Busby. Margaret married
John See.

SuBLETT. — Hill Sublett, of Green Co., Ky., married Delphi
Jennett, of Virginia. In 1817 he came to Missouri on a pros-
pecting tour, returned to Kentucky and brought his family out in
1822. He had ten children, six daughters and four sons.

Si.AVENS. — William S. Slavens was born in Greenbriar Co., Va.,
September 15, 1787. He. was married five times; first to Anna
Hawkins, by whom he had three children, second to Mary Riggs,
third to Elizabeth Elsbury, by whom he had seven children, fourth
to the widow Thomas, whose maiden name was Rebecca Stan-
ley, by whom he had two children ; and fifth to the'widow Meyers,
whose maiden name was Paulina Hunt. Mr. Slavens settled in
Montgomery, on Brush Creek, in 1820, and removed to near Mid-
dletown in 1829. He owned part of the land that Middletown
was built upon. Mr. Slavens came to Missouri in company with
his brother Thomas and a Mr. McCarta, in a little horse cart.
Their stock consisted of one cow, the property of William Sla-
vens, which they drove before them and for which he was offered
forty acres of land within the present limits of St. Louis ; but
thought his cow was worth more than the land, and kept
her. Mr. Slavens had $640 in money, which he loaned to Mr.
McCarta, who invested it in Irish potatoes, and planted them on
ten acres of land in Illinois. The potato crop was a failure, and
the money was never repaid. The names of Mr. Slavens' children
were — James H., Sarah, Isabella, Lydia A., Martha A., Aaron,
William N., Henry B., Euphemia, Louisa, EHzabeth, and Mary S.
The youngest son, now in his 47th year, has sixteen children and
ten grandchildren.

Summers. — Caleb Summers was raised in Montgomery county,
Maryland, where he married Rachel Crawford. In 1796 he settled
in Jefferson county, Kentucky. His children were — Polly, Ben-
jamin, Robert, Thomas, and Malinda. Robert married his cousin,
Grace Summers, and settled in Pike county, Missouri, in 1834.
His children were — William B., Elizabeth, Caleb L., Noah, Ben-
jamin F., George, Robert A., and Thomas. William B. married
the widpw Tucker, whose maiden name was Margaret J. Bryan,
and settled in Montgomery county in 1840. Caleb L. married
Sallie A. Bryan, and settled in Montgomery county in 1840.
Benjamin F. marritd Antoinette Sharp, and settled in Montgom-
ery county in 1842. Noah married and settled in Montgomerj-
the same year. Benjamin, son of Caleb Summers, Sr., married

MONTGOMEKY COl NTY 295

Polly RiitVrlv. and settled in .Montofomery county in 1839. Tbe
tailier of Citlei) Summers. Si-.. i-diiw to America in 1750, and the
hoots he WDii- then are in ihe museum at Cincinnati.

Spry-. — Enoch Spry cune to .Missouri from Clark county, Ken-
tucky, vviih Simon Griirgs and Cornelius Howard, when he was
tifieen years of age. He married Mary A Logan, the only sister
of Wiliiam, Alexander, Hujih and Heiirv Logan, and settled in
Montgom>Mv county in 1817. Tliey had eight children. Soon
after steamhoats l>egan to navigate the Missouri river, Mr. Spry,
happening lo be in the vicinity of the river one day, heard a boat
ttlow its whistle, at which he became very much frightened, and
ran home. He tohi his neighliors that a panther had caught a
man down on the river, and he never heard any one halloo like he
did. His story created so inucli ex-'itenicnt that a company was
organized an<l went in pnr>iiil of the " panther," which, of
course, they «;onld not tin<l.

Smith— Col. John Smith, of the rcvoliiti mary war. lived in
Franklin cimnty. Virginia, vNlicre he niarried Frances Bnrk. by
whom he had — VVilliam, Calum. Stephen, John, Wyatt, Henry,
Susan, Mary, and Frances VVilliam married Elizabeth Fergu-
son, of Virginia. I>y whom he ha<l — Samuel, Thomas, Steplien.
William H , Mary, Frances. Susan. Martha, Elizabeth, Sarah P.,
and Julia. Mary married Kemcol C. (jilbert, who settle*! in Cal-
laway county. Frances married Colonel Peter Booth, of Ken-
tucky. Susan married Colonel F. \. Hancock, who settled in
Alai)ama. Martha married Thomas J. Holland, who settled in
Montgomery county in 1832. He represented the county in the
State Legislature one term, and was Justice of the Peace in War-
ren county for a number of years. He died in 1862. Sarah P.
Smith married her cousin, Wright Smith, who settled in Warren
county in 1837. Julia married John Craighead, who settleil in
Callaway county.

Tkiplett. — Tlioinas Tripleit, of Buncomb county. North Caro-
lina, liad tlie foUo-ving childr>!n — James, William, George, John,
Rebecca, Nancy, and Lvilia. Williiim married Hannah Cox, of
North Carolina, and settled in Montgomery county in 1830. He
was a blacksmith anil wheelwright by trade ; and a staunch mem-
l)er of the Baptist Ctiurcb. It was at his house that Macedoiua
Church was organized by Jabez Han, in 1831. His children
were — Olive, Mary, Margaret, Harriet O., Rebecca C Narcissa
J., Lydia, Thomas, Zaccheus, David, Isaac M., and William H.
Mary married William E. Wells, who settled in Montgomery
county in 1830.

Talbott. — Matthew Talbott, of England, had a son named
Hale, who was born in December, 1754, He married Elizabeth
Irvine, who was born in September, 1778. Their children were —
Christopher, Thomas, William, David, Elizabeth, Polly, Nancy,

296 PIONEEIl FAMII.IKs ()K MISSOUKI

Sopliia. and Jane. Mr. TalboM ca ii • l<> rlie Territory of Missouri
in 1809, with liis eldest sod, Christopln r, and two nej^ro slaves.
They cleared a small farm on Louire Island, and raised a crop of
corn and vegetaliles. The following \ ear (1810) the rest of the
family came out and settleil at llieir new home. Mr. Tall»ott
brouiJlit to Missouri seventy-six fine mares, from which hf
raised horses for ilie Western and Southern trade. During the
Indian war he kept tlie greater portion of liis stock on tlie oppo-
site side of the river, where they could not be molested by the
savages. Christopher Talbott married Susan Parrish, by whom
he had— Hale, Jr., Thomas, John, James, William, Mattliew,
Susannah, Martha, and Mary A. Major Thomas Talbott, the
second son, was a roving, fun-loving youth. On one occasion
his father sent him to Cotesansdesseiii for some apple barrels, and
gave him the money to pay for them. He was gone about a month,
and came back without the i)arrels or the money. In 1828 he
made his first trip to Santa Fe. He was afterward employed by
tlie government as Indian agent, and while acting in that capac-
ity the Indians stole a lot of mules from him that were his individ-
ual property. The yjovernmeht promptly paid him $5,000 for his
mules. On one of his expeditions to Santa Fe there was a Mr.
Bradus, of Kentucky, in his company, who one day accidentally
shot himself in the arm The pain of his wound soon became so
great that he could not endure it. and it was decided that his
arm must be amputated to save his life. Tliere were neither sur-
geon nor surgical tools in the company, but they made such pre-
parations as they could, and successfully performed the operation.
The flesh was cut with a t)utclier's knife, the bone separated with
a liand saw, and the veins seared with the king bolt of a wagon,
which had been heated for the purpose. The man got well and
lived to a ripe old age. A number of years after this event Maj.
Talbott took a numbt;r of horses and mules to Soulli Carolina,
but finding no sale for them, he loaded tliem on buMid a couple
of schooners, and sailed for Cul)a. During the voyage a violent
storm came up, and the rolling of the vessels excited the animals
so that they began to fight one another, and several (A' them had
their ears bitten off. But these sold as well as tlie others, and
the Major had a very successful trip. That was the first importa-
tion of American horses to Cuba; but since then the business
has been extensively carried on. The Major was married twice,
and became a consistent member of the Methodist Church before
his death. Colonel William Talbott, the third pon, was a ranger
in Nathan Boone's company, and was afterward chosen Colonel
of militia. He was married twice ; first to Jane Ferguson, and
after her death to a widow lady named Bascom, a sister-in-law of
Bishop Bascom, by whom he had one daughter, Emma, who
married a Mr. Linberger, of Boonville. At the time of hia

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 297

death, which occurred June 14, 1874, the Colonel was livinij witli
his daugiiter in Boonville. David Talhott married Susan Clark,
and they hmi — Isaac H., William H., Mary E., Sarah A., David
R., Susan J., Adda A., and Ellen. Mr. Talbott died in Novem-
ber. 1852, and his wife in June of the same year. Elizabeth mar-
ried Judge Matthew McGirk. Polly married James Pitzer.
Nancy married Col. Irvine S Pitman. Sophia married Fletcher
Wright. Jane married Dr. James Talbott, who was in the first
State Constitutional Convention, which met in St. Louis in 1820.
He also represented Montgomery county in the State Legislature.

VanBibbkr — Peter and Isaac VanBibl)er, of Holland, came to
America and settled in Botetourt Co., Va., previous to, the rev-
olution. Peter married Mara:ueiy Bounds, and they had — Peter,
Jr., Jesse, Jacob, James, Joseph. Matthias, Nancy, Sophronia,
Ellen, and Olive. James married Jane Irvine, and settled in St.
Charles county in 1803. He was Coroner at the time William
Hays was killed by hi.s son-in-law, James Davis. In 1817 he
removed to Callaway county, and settled on the Auxvasse. His
children were — Joseph, Irvine, Frances. Lucinda, Melissa, Dan-
iel, and Minerva. Joseph was a surveyor, and made ttie govern-
ment surveys in range eight, west of the fiftli principal meridian.
Olive VanBibber married Nathan Boone. Isaac VanBibber,
l)rother of Peter, was Captain of a company in the battle of Point
Pleasant, in 1774, and was killed there. He left a widow and
four children— Jcfhn, Peter, Isaac, and Rebecca. John and Peter
married and settled in Powell's Valley. East Tennessee. Isaac
was born in Greenbriar Co., Va., October 20, 1771, and was only
two and a half years old when his father was killed. He was
adopted and raised by Colonel Daniel Boone, and at the early
age of thirteen years acted as a scout against the Indians in Vir-
ginia. In 1800 he came to Missouri with Nathan Boone, and set-
tled first, ill Darst'.s Bottom During the Indian war he was Major
of the miliiia uiicJer Col. Danitl M. Boone. He was married in
1797 to Susan Hays. In 1851 he settled at Louire Lick, now in
Montgomery county. The place was first settled by Thomas
Massey, in 1813. The land was a Spanish grant of 460 acres,
made to Nathan Boone, who sold it to VanBibber. The latter
built several cabins where he settled, and afterward erected a
large frame house, which he used as a hotel, and made a great
deal of money. His children were — Matilda, Marcha, Susan,
Elvira, Frances, Erretta, Pantha, Isaac, Jr., Ewing, and Alonzo.
Major VanBibbe died in 1836, his wife having died some time
before.

WoKLAND. — Charles B. Worland, of Maryland, married Mar-
tha A. White, and settled in Washington Co., Ky. Their chil-

298 PIONBEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

dren were — Benedict, Cliarles B., Thomas N., Maria, William T.,
John H , Stephen W., Edward H., James P., and Martha A.
Mr. Worland, his wife, and a portion of their family settled in
Monti^omerv eoiinty in 1839. They are excellent people; hon-
est, industrious, intelligent, kind-hearted and friendly.

Whitesides. — Thomas Whitesides was a native of Virginia,
hut removed to and settled in North Carolina. He had a son
named Francis, who married Ann Clark, of Kentucky, and set-
tled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1818. Their children were —
James, Holland, John C, Susan, Lucinda, Sarah J., Ann, Polly,
and Nancy.

Williams — Frederick, sou of Richard Williams, of Pulaski
Co., Ky., married Nancy Hanford, and settled in Montgomery
Co , Mo., in 1832. Their children were — Liberty. Margaret.
Mary, William, Harriet, Martha, Rosa A., John, Euphema, and
Clara A. Margaret married James Gray. Mary married John
Crutcher, Harriet tnanied Stephen Manning Martha married
Sylvester Millsai). Rosa A. married Christopher Millsap. En-
pliema married John Crutcher, Jr.

White. — Esquire William White settled in Montgomery county
in 1836. He is a brother of Benjamin White, who lives near
Danville. He married Anna Fletchrali, of Maryland, and their
children were — John, Danioi, Ann, William, Benjamin, Stephen,
Mary, Dorcas, and Eiizaheth. Elizaheth, a sister of William
White, Sr., married William Smith and settled near Jonesburg.

Windsor. — Sampson Windsor, of Prince William Co., Va., had
four sons — William, Christopher, Burton, and Alfred. Burton
married Elizabeth Tinsley, and settled in Missouri in 1833.
Alfred married Sarah Clark, and settled in Montgomery county
in 1833. He had ason, Joiin R., who married Mary A. Fi'zhuiili,
of Tennessee, and died leaving a widow an(i nine chihlren. five
sons and four daughteis. William T., another son of Alfred
Windsor, married Jane B. Bryan, a daughter of Recce Bryan
and Jane Evans, by whom he had stn'en sons and four daughters.

White. — Matthew L. White was horn and raised in Virginia,
but removed to East Tennessee, from there to Alabaniia, and in
1829 he settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., and entered the land
upon which the celebrated Pinnacle Rock stands. He married
Rhoda Stagdon, and they had—Nancy, William, Thomas S.,
James H., Isaac M., John R., Mary j., Rebecca, Samuel M.,
Margaret A., and Martha L.

White. — Benjamin White, Sr., was a native of Wales. He
married Elizabeth Smith, and their son Benjamin, Jr., married
Rebecca Chesell. They all lived in Montgomery Co., Md. Ben-
jamin, a son of Benjamin White, Jr., was born November 4,
1796. He was married in 1821 to Rebecca Darby, who died.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 299

and in 1831 he married Lucy Scott. In 1837 they came to
Missouri and settled in Montgomery county. Their children
were — Edward G., Williftm H., Richard G., Benjamin, Susan,
Mary A., and Sarah E., all of whom are married and living in
Montgomery county.

Woodruff, — Charles Woodruff, of Buckingham Co., Va., mar-
ried a Miss Gate wood, and their son, Wyatt P., married Mary
Talphro, and settled in St. Louis Co., Mo., in 1825. In 1827
they removed to St. Charles county, and from there to Montgom-
ery county in 1832. They had — John, Charles E., Robert H.,
Francis S., and David B., all of whom live in Montgomery
county.

Wright. — Jesse Wright and his wife. Dicey Galarby, of Am-
herst Co., Va., had — George G., Ellis, Shelton, William, Daniel,
and Nancy. George G. marriedSally Jacobs, 'of Nelson Co., Va.,
and settled in Montgomery Co. , Mo., in 1837. Their children
were — Margaret, Anna V., Catharine and George G., Jr. Mar-
garet married John R. Arnor. Anna V. married Isaac H. Tal-
bott, of Montgomery county. Catharine married Hon. Norman
J. Colman, editor of Colman's Rural World and Lieut. -Gov. of
Missouri. George G., Jr., lives in Montgomery county, is an in-
fluential citizen and a leader of the Democratic party of his
locality.

WiTCHER. — James Witcher, of Virginia, married Martha Wat-
son, and they had three sons and three daughters. Ephraim,
their eldest son, who was a soldier in the war of 1812, settled in
Montgomery Co., Mo., and married Winifred B. Holley, by whom
he had six children. He died in 1845, and his widow married
Col. Reuben Pew, who also died, leaving her a widow the second
time.

Wade. — Henry Wade and his wife, Lucy Turner, lived in Cul-
pepper Co., Va. They had — Luke, ZackfiH, Henry, Andrew,
John, Orinda, Polly, and Sally. Henry married Mary D. Waller,
in 1810, and settled in Lincoln Co., Mo., in 1835. His children
were — William, Henry, John, Richard, Andrew, Martha, Judiths-
Lucy, Polly, and Margaret. William married Susan Sitton, of
Lincoln county. Henry lives in California, unmarried. Richard
died in that State. John married Levisa Wright. Andrew died
in his youth. Martha was married first to Peter Shelton, and
after his death to George Dyer. Judith married John Carter, and
is now a widow. Lucy married James Berger, of Montgomery
county. Polly was married first to John C. Whitesides ; after
his death to Capt. William Quick, and she is a widow again. She
has in her possession her mother's wedding costume that was
spun and woven with her own hands in 1810. Margaret Wade
was married first to John T. Wright, and second to George
Ousley.

300 PIONEEU FAMILIES OF MISSOLKI

Wright. — John Wright, of England, came to America and
settled in Pittsjdvania county, Va. He had four children — John,
William, Nancy, and another daughter. A\^illiam married Isa-
bella Thrailkill, of Virginia, and settled in Clark county, Ky. He
served five years in the revolutionary war. He had twelve chil-
dren, ten of whom lived to be grown, and were married. His
fifth son, William, married Nancy Oliver, of Kentucky, and they
had eleven cKildren — Harvey S., James T., William M., Stephen,
Isaac W., Elizabeth, Susan, Nancy, Emeline, Louisa, and Lucin-
da. Mr. Wright settled in Montgomery county, Mo., in 1824,
on a place adjoining the present town of Danville, where he lived
and kept tavern for many years. A Methodist minister named
Prescott, stopped at his house one day to get his dinner, and
there being no men present he went to the barn to feed his horse.
AVhile looking around for the food he saw some large flat gourds,
which he supposed to be pumpkins, and fed a lot of them to his
horse. After that he was called Gourd Head Prescott. In 1833
Mr. Wright sold his place to Rev. Andrew Monroe, a well known
pioneer Methodist preacher, who lived there and kept tavern for
some time. Isabella Wright, sister of William Wright, Sr., mar-
ried John Stone, M'ho settled in Montgomery county in 1818, but
-afterward removed to Arkansas.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

CALLAWAY COUNTY.

The county of Callaway was named for the gallant Captain'
James Callaway, who was killed by the Indians at Loutre creek,
on the 7th of March, 1815. The county was organized Novem-
ber 25, 1820, out of the territory of- Montgomery county.

The first county seat was at a place called Elizabeth, situated on
Ham's Prairie, about six miles south of Fulton. It remained
until there 182G, when the seat of justice was permanently located
at Fulton. The latter place was founded in 1824, by Mr. George
Nichols, and was at first called Volney, for the celebrated French
author; but the name was soon after changed to Fulton, in honor
of Robert Fulton, the great applyer of steam to navigation.

The dates of the various early settlements in Callaway county,
are given in connection with the histories of families, and it is
not necessary to repeat them here.

FAMILIES OF CALLAWAY COUNTY.

Allen. — Captain Archibald Allen settled in Callaway county in
1822. He was born in Botetourt county, Virginia, January 7,
1795, and served his country in the war of 1812. He was
married in 1815 to Anna Galbreth, of Virgina, and settled first in
St. Clair county, Illinois, from whence he removed to Cal-
laway county. Missouri, at an early date. Al'ter the death of his
first wife he married Nancy Hamilton, of Missouri, in 1858, who
died also. In 1875 he was married again, to a Mrs. Brown,
being at the time more than 80 years of age. He died soon after.
Captain Allen joined the Presbyterian Church in 1824, and
was one of the first members of that organization in Calla-
way county. He remained a consistent and devout member until
his death.

302 nONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Allek.— David Allen and his wife, Margaret Gamble, were
natives of Scotland, but came to America and settled in South
Carolina prior to the revolution. Mr, Allen took part in the war,
and saw some hard service in' the Continental army. After the
return of peace he removed to Kentucky and settled in Mont-
gomery county. He had two sons, James and Joseph, who came
to Missouri, The former married Sarah Smith, of Bath Co,, Ky.,
and settled in Callaway Co,, Mo,, in 1825, Joseph married
Margaret Murphy, and settled in Callaway county about the same
time. The children of James Allen were — Jane, Caroline, John,
Nancy, David, James, William, Milton, Mary, Harvey, Martha,
and Virginia. The children of Joseph Allen were — Clarinda,
Jane, Grezella, Margaret, Amanda, John, and Sally.

Armstrong. — The parents of Thomas Armstrong died when he
was quite young, and he was "bound out" to a man in Philadel-
phia, to learn the boot and shoe trade. When he was grown he
married Jane Dalton, and settled in Dixon county, Tenn. His
children were — William, John, James, Thomas, Charles, Abner,
Lucy, Sophia, and Jane. William married Lucy Baxter, and
settled in Callaway county in 1837. He had — John, Limis, Jane,
Nanc}^, Richmond, Thomas, Felix, and William, Jr.

Austin. — Hezekiah Austin, of Montgomery county, Md., mar-
ried Elizabeth Odell, and settled in Christian county, Ky. They
had — Barach O., Mary A., Margaret, Jane, and Elizabeth.
Barach O. married Paulina J. Shirtridge, who died, and he after-
ward married Ellen L. Allen, and settled in Callaway county in
1836.

Allen. — Bethel, Sampson, and Thomas Allen, sons of Daniel
Allen and Elizabeth Bethel, settled in Callaway county in 1817,
Bethel married Elizabeth Read. He and Sampson were soldiers
of the war of 1812.

Agee. — Matthew and Tilman Agee settled on Coats' Prairie in
Callaway county in 1817. Matthew had a large apple and peach
orchard, and made brandy. In 1833 the cholera made its ap-
pearance in his family, and one of his sons, while suffering from
the scourge, drank a barrel of water in twenty-four hours-, and
got well. Matthew Agee's wife was a daughter of Rev. William
Coats, Tilman Agee married a daughter of William Thornton,
when she was only thirteen years of age. The next morning
after the wedding he left her to get breakfast, while he went out
to work. He worked until nine o'clock, without being summoned
to his meal, and then having become impatient, he went to the
house to see what was the matter, and found his wife sitting on
the floor playing with her dolls,

Anderson, — William Anderson, of Campbell Co,, Va., married
Sarah Easley, and they had — Jacob, John, Mary, Elizabeth,

CALLAWAY COUNTY 303

Jerry, Lucinda, William, and James C. Jacob settled in St.
Charles Co., Mo., in 1832. John settled in Gentry county in
1835. Mary, William, and Lucinda settled in Lafayette Co.,
Mo., and the latter married Rev. Thomas Callaway. James C.
married Jane Moorman, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county in 1831. Their children were — James W., Thomas C,
Anna M., Alexander, Judith, Jerry, Sarah J., Mary F., Henry
W., and George B.

Adaik. — Joseph, son of John Adair, of Delaware, married
Sarah Long, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in
1830. They had — Lj'dia, John L., Samuel S., Sarah, Ann,
Joseph, and Andrew. Mr. Adair was accidentally killed by a
horse. Lydia married Levi James, who settled in Callaway
county in 1822. Their children were — Sarah A., John, Eliza, and
Joseph. John L. Adair married Elizabeth E. Pemberton, and
they had — Louisa, John, Sarah, Fanny, Catharine, Noah, Jacob,
and James. Sarah Adair married Hardin Wash, who settled in
Callaway county in 1S30. Ann married Thomas Baker, and
Joseph married Sarah Adcoek. The former settled in Callaway
county. in 1821, and the latter in 1830. Andrew was married
first to Nancy Stephens, by whom he had — Lock and Elijah.
After the death of his first wife he married Louisa Booker, and
they had — Lulu and Louisa.

Adcock. — John Adcoek, of P^ngland, settled in Buckingham
Co., Va., and married a Miss Carter, by whom he had — John,
Carter, Edward, Henry, Joseph, and Phoebe. The latter was cap-
tured b}^ an Indian, who made her his wife. Joseph married Susan
Cason, of Prince Edward Co., Va., by whom he had — Phoebe,
Milly, Elizabeth, Lucy, Polly, Susan, Nancy, John, Samuel, Joel,
Henry, Edward, and Cason. Joel, who was born in 1792, served
eleven months in the war of 1812, principally at Richmond and
Norfolk. He was married in 1820 to P^lizabeth Childup, and set-
tled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1830. His children were — JohnH.,
Joseph Q., Aaron, Madison, Elizabeth, Sarah, Susan, and Drury
W. Mr. Adcock lost his wife in 1872, and he died in the summer
of 1876.

Arnold. — William Arnold, of Eastern Virginia, married Eliza-
beth Nowell, and they had — Robert, William, Pleasant, Polly,
and Susan. The three latter removed to Tennessee with their
parents. Robert and William were both in the war of 1812, and
the latter died of measles while in the army. Robert settled in
Shelby county, Ivy., and wa:-; married in 1816 to Elizabeth Marion,
by whom he had — William, Nancy, and Pleasant. In 1820 he
removed to Missouri, and settled in St. Charles county, where he
was employed two years as overseer for Nicholas Kountz. He
then removed to IMontgomery county, where he lost his wife in
1823. He soon after marriorl Piercy Hamlin, daughter of John

304 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Hamlin and Bertha Arnold, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county in 1825. His children by his second wife were — George H.,
Bertha A., John W., Mary E., Robert, and Martha C. His eldest
son, William, married Louisa SchoU, and died without issue.
Pleasant married Cai-oline SchoU, and died, leaving a widow and nine
children. He was an excellent man and a good citizen. Nancy
married Henry Covington. George H. married Melissa Johnson,
of Kentucky. Bertha A. married Benjamin F. Covington. John
W. married Mary S. Lail. Mary E. was married first to James O.
Johnson, of Scotland, and after his death she married James R.
Covington. Robert married Elvira Allen. Martha C. married
Thomas W. Higginbotham.

Adams. — John Adams, of Maryland, married Susan Wood, and
had — William, Sylvester, Richard, Philip, Benjamin, Susan, and
Elizabeth. Philip was married first to Fannie Powell, by whom
he had — Susan, Thomas, and Mary. He was married the second
time to Matilda Foster, by whom he had one son, John Booker.
Mr. Adams settled in Callaway county in 1839. John Booker is
still living. He was married twice ; first to Miss Anna M. Allen,
and second to Mrs. Sally E. Allen.

Burt. — Moses Burt was a native of Germany, but emigrated to
America, and settled in New Jerse)^ Times were very hard then,
and wages very low. A great many persons were out of employ-
ment, and glad to work for a living. Burt worked several months
for a peck of corn a day, and was glad to get that. About the
year 1776 he married Hannah Gru, and removed to Culpepper
county, Va. In 1783 he emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in
Scott "county, where he lived and died. He had ten children,
six sons and four daughters. The names of the former were
— Benjamin, Joseph, Ricliard, William, John, and James. Joseph
and James were soldiers in the war of 1812. The former died, and
the latter was killed on Lake Erie. Benjamin and Richard lived
and died in Kentucky. John settled in Indiana. William was born
in Culpepper county, Va., in 1776. He married Sarah Greenup,
a daughter of Samuel Greenup, and niece of Governor Greenup,
of Kentucky, and they had— Julia A., Polly, Franklin, Susan,
Emily, Amanda, James, and Sarah. Polly died in Kentucky, and
Mr. JBurt and the rest of his children, with the exception of Frank-
lin, removed to Indiana. Franklin married Martha Craig, and
settied in Callaway county. Mo., in 1835, where he has since
resided. His wife died in October, 1872. The names of their
children were — William D., James R., Mary E., Samuel E.,
Nancy J., Hiram W., Sally A., John H., and Amanda M. Mr.
Burt is an industrious, honest, jovial gentleman, and a worthy
and highly respected citizen. He says that when he first settled
in Callaway county he raised large quantities of watermelons
every year, of which he could eat more than any other man living,.

CALLAWAY COUNTY 305

Lis daily allowance being from fifteen to twenty large ones.

Bentley. — Tlie children of John Bentley, of Warren county,
Ky., were — Rebecca, John, James, Thomas, George, Mary,
Nancy, and Rhoda. Rebecca married Uriah Sutherland, who set-
tled in Callaway county in 1826. Thomas married Rhoda Hicker-
son, and settled in that county two years later. John married
Rhoda Patton, and removed to Callaway county, where she died.
He then married Amanda Scott, who also died, and he was mar-
ried the third time to Mrs. Harriet Yancy. George was married
first to Jane Hall, and second to Polly Singer.

Berry. — Richard, Edward, Frank, John, and Rachel Berry
were children of an English family that settled in Kentucky at an
early date. Richard married Polly Ewing, and settled in Darst's
Bottom, St. Charles county, in 1820. Three years later he re-
moved to Grand Prairie, in Callaway county. The names of his
children were — CalepE., John, Edward G., Richard, Samuel H.,
Robert M., Elizabeth, Nancy, Margaret, and Mary J. Calep
was at a public gathering of some kind, on a certain occasion, and
seeing no convenient place to hitch his horse, he buckled the
bridle to the stirrup of Colonel Warner's saddle. The Colonel's
horse got loose after a while, and went home, a distance of twenty
miles, taking Berry's horse with him. Both of the men had to
walk the entire distance to recover their horses. Calep Berry
married Virginia Fulkerson. John married Margaret Galbreth,
and Edward G. married Sallie A. Galbreth. Richard was mar-
ried twice ; first to Elizabeth Watts, and second to Mary Hamilton.
Samuel H. was Sheriff of Callaway county two years. He mar-
ried Eliza Watts. Robert was married first to Permelia Martin,
and second to Elmily A. Scholl. Elizabeth was married first to
Thomas Yocum, and second to John Watts. Nancy married John
W. Johnson. Mary J. married James B. Yager.

BuowN. — Joseph Brown, of Buckingham county, Va., married
his cousin, Lucy Brown, and they had — Nathaniel, Frederick,
Felix, Jonathan, James, Thomas, Stephen, Polly, and Patsey.
Felix married Agnes Boaz, of Buckingham county, in 1808, and
settled in St, Charles county, Mo., in 1819. The following year
he removed to Callaway county. His children were — Joseph,
Robert J., Elizabeth, Polly, William, John, Delila T., Jane,
Martha L., Harriet, James, Paulina A., and Thomas F. " Mr.
Brown was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was also a steam
doctor, and an Ironside Baptist preacher. For man}' years he
wore a long buckskin hunting shirt, reaching almost to his heels,
which caused him to present a singular appearance. He wore
this strange garb in the pulpit as well as everywhere else, and
his congregations no doubt imagined that he bore a strong resem-
blance to the patriarchs of old. He wtts very positive Ih his
opinions, and would never admit that he was in the wrong on any
20

30G PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

question, if he could possibly avoid it. lie believed thathe could
do anything that any other man could, and one day he endeavored
to temper a cross-cut saw that belonged to one of his neighboi's.
The saw was ruined, and the owner sued him for its value. The
case went though a number of courts, and was the source of a
great deal of amusement.

BoswEix. — Matthew Boswell, of Albemarle county, Va., was a
cooper by trade. He married Nancy Maire, and settled in Calla-
way county, Mo., in 1835. Their children were — Barbara, Marj-.
Marshall P., Elizabetli, Harriet, John H., Frances, Matthew M.,
James W., Thornas, and Martha M. Barbara married Willis
Hall, who settled in Callaway county in 1835. Elizabeth married
James Simpson, who became a citizen of that county in 1836. He
subsequently died, and she was married again to John Blunkall,
who settled in Callaway county in 1834. Harriet was married
first to Robert Ansel, and after his death to John Bentley, both
early settlersof Callaway county. Frances married James Field.
Martha M. married Abraham Brendonburgh.

Bethel. — Samuel Bethel, of Smith county, Tennessee, married
Rebecca Patton, and settled in Callaway county in 1820, and
was elected Justice of the Peace the same year. He was a soldier
of the war of 1812.

Blackburn. — The parents of Robert Blackburn lived in Fairfax
county, Va. Robert married Jane Fields. It was a runawa}-
match, and they were married at the cross roads. The}' settled
in Callaway county in 1838, and Mr. Blackburn died in 1845.
His widow still survives in her 91st j'car. Tiieir children were —
William, James, PMward, Thomas, Richard, Louis, Robert H.,
James S., Eveline, Amanda M., Mary J., and Margaret A.

Boone. — George, a brother of Daniel Boone, married Nancy
Lingell, and their children were — Squire, John, Samuel, Edward,
George, Jr., Elizabeth, Martha, Sarah, Poll}', and Maria. Squire
married and settled in St. Charles count}', Mo., where he died,
leaving five sons and several daughters. The names of the sons
were — Samuel, Hayden, Milo, Thomas, and John. Capt. Samuel,
son of George Boone, Sr., married Anna Simpson, of Kentucky,
by whom he had — Jeptha V., Mary A., Elizabeth C, Maxemille.
Martha L., and Samuel T. Elizabeth C. married her first cousin,
Dr. Banton Boone, who was a son of Edward Boone, and their
son, Hon. Banton Boone, of Henry county, was chosen Speaker
of the last House of Representatives of the State of Missouri. He
is a young man of fine abilities and has a brilliant future before
him. Dr. Banton Boone died of cholera, at his home on Prairie
Fork creek, in Callaway county. Capt. Samuel Boone settled in
Callaway county in 1818, and in 1820 he assisted in building the
first Baptist Church erected in that county, which was called Salem.
He was Judge of the County Court for some time, and a promi-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 307

nent and influential citizen. Edward, son of George Boone, Sr.,
married the widow Wtiite, whose maiden name was Dorcas
Simpson. She was a sister of Capt. Samuel Boone's wife, and at
the time of her marriage with Mr. Boone she had a son, Morgan
B. White, who is stiil living in Callaway county. Her Boone
children were — Banton, Rodolph, William, George L., Ann, Milley,
Margaret, Maria, and Mary.

Benson. — John and Thomas Benson settled in the State of
Maryland. John married a Miss Edmonson, and remained in
that State. Their children were — Thomas, Eden, Ruth, Eliza-
beth, and Margaret. Eden married Sally Bell, and removed to
Louisiana, where he made a fortune raising cotton. He then
came to Missouri, and settled in Callaway county in 1823. After
his removal to Missouri he speculated largely in lands, and at his
death he left his children, of whom he had thirteen, wealthy. Jef-
ferson B., a son of Thomas Benson, Sr., of Maryland, settled in
Montgomery county. Mo., in 1832. He married Sarah Hays, and
they had nine children.

Broadwater. — Cliarles L. Broadwater was an Englishman. He
came to America a short time before the commencement of the
revolution, and when the war began, he joined the American army
and served as a soldier during that memorable struggle. He after-
ward married Behethler Sabaston, and they had three children —
George, William E., and Anna M. George married Catharine
Gunnell, and they had — Ann M., Henry, Arthur, John C. H.,
Elizabeth, Thomas, and George, Jr., alPof whom, except Arthur,
settled in Missouri. William E., son of Charles L. Broadwater,
married Margaret Darne, and they had three children, who, after
the death of their father, came to Missouri with their mother, and
settled in Callaway county in 1833.

Board. — James Board, of New Jersey, marled Nancy Skiller,
and they had a son named Philip, who married Ellen Thompson,
by whom he had — James, William, John, Eliza, and Eleanor. His
first wife died, and he afterward married a widow lady named
Mitchell, by whom he had — David, Joseph, Thomas, Cornelius,-
JMaria, Benjamin, and Nancy. John Board married Elizabeth
Matthews, of Kentucky, and settled in Darst's Bottom, St. Charles
county, in 1819, where he lived six years. During that time he
assisted David Darst in catching a corn thief in a steel trap, and
then helped to whip him. In 1825 he removed to Callaway county.
The trip was made on one horse, which carried the entire family
of husband, wife and child, with their household goods, etc. Mr.
Board is a stone mason by trade, and built nearly all of the
old-fashioned mammoth stone chimneys in his neighborhood. He
has been married five times, and had twelve children. He is now
in bis 83d year, and stout and hearty for a man of that age. He
never wore gloves or over-shoes in his life, and his hands were

308 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

never so cold but that he could thread a cambric needle. In
disposition he has always been firm, even to obstinacy, and always
endeavored to have a mind of his own on every subject.

Bishop. — James Bishop came to America with the Penn colony,
and settled in Pennsylvania. He afterward married Elizabeth
Penn, a sister of William Penn, by whom he had eight children.
He died in his 99th year. The names of his children were — Jesse,
Rachel, James, Thomas, William, Samuel, Polly, and Rebecca.
Samuel married Sarah Viah, of Virginia, by whom he had — Tisa
D., Mary E., David J., Granville, Beverly A., William C, Frank,
Edwin L., Sarah V., Ardena F., and Samuel A. Mr. Bishop and
his family settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1835.

Basket. — Martin, James, Jesse, and John Basket were sons of
Jesse Basket, Sr., of Nicholas county, Kentucky. Martin and
James settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1821 ; Jesse and John
married and remained in Kentucky. Martin married Jane Baker,
of Kentucky, by whom he had a son and daughter. James mar-
ried Mary Baker, of Kentucky, by whom he had five sons and
four daughters. Mr. Basket was Circuit Clerk of Callaway county
for six years, and in 1835 he was elected one of the Judges of the
County Court. He was a good man, and respected by all who
knew him.

Boyd. — Thomas Boyd, of Pennsylvania, married Grezelda
Allen, of the same State, and settled first in Montgomery county,
Ky., from whence they removed to Callaway county. Mo., in 1827.
Their children were — Robert, John, Joseph, Thomas, Jane, and
Eleanor. Robert married Margaret' Rallston, and died in 1872,
without issue. Colonel John Boyd, still living in Callaway
county, was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Mary A.
Scott, of Missouri, by whom he liad — William S., John R.,
Joseph, Benjamin F., Charles O., Edward L., Grezelda A.,
Lydia A., George F., Mary P^., Sarah E., and Thomas A. The
first sev^n are living. Joseph, son of Thomas Boyd, Sr., married
Ann King, by whom he had — Malinda J., James E., Thomas G.,
Cynthia A., Robert M., John K., Grezelda M., Elizabeth S.,
Caroline H., Joseph W. W., and Newton C. Mr. Boyd settled
in Callaway county in 1822. Thomas, son of Thomas Boyd, Sr.,
married Ann Davis, by whom he had — Eliza, Thomas, Grezelda,
Mary J., Amanda, and Margaret. Jane Boyd married Isaac P.
Howe, by whom she had — Jane,. William, John, Thomas, David,
Harvey, Margaret, and Mary. Ellen married Thomas Caldwell,
who settled in Callaway county in 182G.

Baynham. — Dr. Baynhamj of London, England, settled in Vir-
ginia in 1775. His son, William, married Mary Wyatt, by whom
he had — Jonah, Mary, Millie, William, Joseph, and John. The
latter married Sarah Blackwell, of Halifax county, Va., and they
had — Mary, William G., Harriet B., John, Joseph, Charles M.,

CALLAWAY COUNTY 309

and Grief II. Mr. Baynham died in Virginia, and his wife afterward
married John W. Blackwell, by whom she had twelve move chil-
dren. Grief H. Baynham came to Callaway county, Mo., in
1831, with his step-father, and hired out to work on a farm, at
the rate of fifty cents per day. He has since made a fortune, be-
sides raising a large family of children. He married Martha E.
Gaines, of Callaway county.

Bright. — David Bright, of Pennsylvania, married Mary Gale,
and settled in the western part of Virginia in 1785. Their chil-
dren were — Polly, Michael, David, Jr., Jesse, and George. Polly
married a Mr. Weaver, and died in Pennsylvania. Michael mar-
ried Sally Price, of Virginia, by whom he had — David, Samuel,
Margaret, Jesse, Elizabeth, Michael, Jr., Sarah, Mary A., Jackell,
and Washington. Of these children we have the following his-
tory: David, Margaret, and Samuel remained in Virginia. Mary
A. married Ephraim Howe, who settled in Callaway county at an
early date. They had one child, Sally A., who is the widow of
Thomas Wright, and lives in Columbia, Mo. Jesse came to Mis-
souri, and married a widow lady named Thompson, who died of
cholera, while traveling on a steamboat on the ^lississippi river
in 1849. Elizabeth married Robert Calhoun, of Audrain county,
by whom she had — Robert O., Joshua J., Margaret, William,
Virginia, and Samuel. Michael Jr., was born in Greenbriar
county, Va., in 1810. He was married in 1832 to Jane McClung,
and settled in Callaway county in 1837. He served as a member
of the County Court for eight years. Sarah married David Pat-
terson, of Callaway county. Washington settled in Callaway
county in 1838. He married Esther Rapp, of Virginia.

Brown. — John Brown, of Pennsylvania, married Jane Shannon,
and settled in Scott county, Ky. Their children were — John,
William, Mary, Jane, Nancy, and Ann. John married Elizabeth
Ewing, and lived in Kentucky. William married Margaret D.
Hamilton, and also lived in Kentucky. His children were — Alex-
ander, Samuel, James, Robert, Charles, Sally, Margaret, Rachel
W. J., Polly, Nancy, and Jane. Margaret married her cousin,
William Brown, and they had — Charles H., John, Sarah, James,
Margaret, Robert William, and George S., all of whom settled in
Callaway county in 1834. Charles H., John, James, and Robert
are large land owners and cattle raisers. The former married
Amanda McCanny ; John married Jane Robinson ; Jane married
Catharine F. Holman, and Robert married Mary A. Fry. George
S., son of William Brown, Sr., lives in Mexico, Mo. He has been
married twice ; first to Margaret Smith, and second to Laura
Payne. Margaret, daughter of William Brown the second, mar-
ried John Bailus, and died, leaving four children.

Blattenberg. — Jacob Blattenberg, of Pennsylvania, married
Mary Read, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county in 1824.

310 nONKKK KAMILIKS OK MISSOURI

His children wore — Eliza, Mary, Margaret, Emma A., Philip H.,
and George.

BuRCH. — Leonard Burch, of IVIaryland, was married twice;
first to a Miss Webster, by whom he had— Jarues, Thomas, John,
and Nancy ; and second to a Miss Crow, by whom he had —
Stiraan, Stephen, Sally, Susan, and Catharine. James, the eldest
son by the first wife, was married in 180G to Mary Padgett, of
Virginia, by whom he had — Lucy, Thomas, Nelson, Joseph, and
Nancy. He died in 1816, and in 1841 his widow and two of her
daughters settled in Callaway county. Mo., where the former died
in 1853. Thomas, son of Leonard Burch, married the widow of
Thomas Hall, whose maiden name was Susan S. Clarby, of Am-
herst county, Va. He settled in Callaway county in 1830.
Joseph, son James Burch, married Elizabeth Chaney, of Boone
county. Mo,, and settled in Callaway county in 1831. Lucy, his
sister, married James L. Whittington, of Callaway county.
Nancy never married, and died in Bates county. Mo.

Bruner. — John Bruner was of German extraction. He settled
in Clark county, Ky., and was married four times. His son,
Stephen, married Elizabeth Strood and settled in Boone county.
Mo., in 1820. His children were — John W., James M., Mary,
Jacob T., George W., Edward T., and Robert S. After Mr.
Bruner's death, his widow married Stephen King, who was an
early settler of Callaway county.

BouLWARE. — Richard Boulware was an Irishman by birth, but
lived in Essex county, Va. He married Esther Ramsey, who was
born in England, and they had six children —Catharine, Mordecai,
Richard, Theodoric, Ramsey, and Martha. In the fall of 1784
Mr. Boulware and his family left Virginia and made their way
on pack horses through the wilderness to Garrard county, Ky.,
where they settled. Theodoric was born in Essex county, Va.,
November 13, 1780, After he grew up he united with the Old
Baptist Church, and became a minister of that sect. He was
married April 17, 1808, to Sarah W. Kelley, by whom he had —
Stephen G., James R., Theodoric F., Daniel R., Jane C, Cordelia
A., Susan M., Jeptha, and Isaac W. In 1827 Mr. Boulware
came to Missouri with his family, and settled near Fulton, in Cal-
laway county, where he taught school and preached in various
churches of his denomination for many years. He lost his wife
in January, 1854, and in June, 1855, he married Mrs. P^lizabeth
H. Offutt, who died in December, 1857. Mr. Boulware was a
man of a superior order of talents, possessed a fine flow of language,
and ready wit. He was highly respected by the people of his
community, and loved by the members of his church.

Bradley. — Thomas Bradley, of Kentucky, married Fannie
Bush, by whom he had — F. B., Lucy A., Thomas, and Milton,
all of whom settled in Callaway county in 1828.

CALLAWAY COUKTY 311

BuKGETT. — John Burgett lived at or near New Madrid, Mo., in
1811-12, and was one of the victims of the dreadful earthquakes
at that time and place. He struggled against his misfortune for
several 3^ears, but finally, in 1817, he left that part of the country
and settled in Callaway county. His wife was Elizabeth Coonse,
by whom he had — Josiah and Eli. The former married Polly
Zumwalt, by whom he had — Jacob, Elizabeth, John T., and
Sarah. His first wife died, and he was married again to Catha-
rine Gilman, and they had — Thomas B. and Sterling P.

Brooks. — Benjamin Brooks was a soldier of the revolutionary
•war. He settled first in Franklin county, Va. ; removed from
there to Kentucky, but soon afterward returned to Virginia. He
-was married twice, and had two children, Mary and William.
William married Mary Sellers, daughter of Andrew Sellers, a
revolutionary soldier. The student of history will remember that
in early days in Virginia a number of young girls were brought
from England and sold to the settlers for wives, to pay their pas-
sage across the ocean. Mr. Sellers obtained his wife in that way,
paying twenty pounds sterling for her ; and she made a good and
loving wife. The children of William Brooks were — Andrew, John,
Clifford, Ewell, Pleasant D., Irene, Drusilla, Julia, and Nancy.
Pleasant D. married Frances Gilbert, and settled in Callaway
county in 1834. His first wife died, and he was married the
second time to a widow lady named Lovelace. Ewell, his brother,
married Lourena Gilbert, and settled in Callaway county in 1837.

Bartley. — John Bartley was a native of Scotland ; his wife was
born in Turkey. Tliey came to America a number of years before
the revolution, and when the war began, their son, Joshua, who
was only eighteen years of age, enlisted in the American army.
He soon manifested great gallantry and fine soldierly qualities, for
which he was promoted to the rank of Captain, a position which
he held during the remainder of the war. Soon after peace was
declared he married Elizabeth Allen, who was a niece of General
Nathaniel Greene, and they had — Allen, John, James, William,
George, Polly, Nancy, and Elizabeth. Mr. Bartley settled in
Kentucky, and his sons, Allen, John and James, became volun-
teers from that State in the war of 1812. John married Winifred
Bagby, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1829,
where he died in 1849. His children were — George G., John J.,
WilUam W., Joshua W., Joseph D., Daniel M., Andrew J., Sarah
E., and Susan A. George, the youngest son of Joshua Bartley,
Sr., was educated by his brother John, and in 1820 he came to
Missouri and settled in Callaway county, where he married Elizabeth
Moore, and raised a large family, most of whom still live in that
county. He was appointed Deputy County and Circuit Clerk at
an early date, and was afterward elected Circuit Clerk, which
position he held for eighteen consecutive years. He also served

312 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

as Judge of the County Court for three terms. During his resi-
dence in Missouri he made several trips to Santa Fe, New Mexico,,
on trading expeditions.

Beaven. — John, Charles, and Sally Beaven were the children of
Richard Beaven, of Maryland. Charles married Anna Saucier,
and settled in Callaway county in 1824. His children were —
Richard, William, Robert, Zadock, Theodore, Walter, Polly,
Elizabeth, Julia A., Eliza, and Permelia.

BoYCE. — Robert C. Boyce, of Lincoln county, Ky., settled in
Callaway county in 1829. He married Ann Murphy, by whom he
had— Marion C, Greenberry D., Harrison A., Charles L., John
R., Wharton B., Ann M., Eliza, Susan, and Sarah.

Bush. — Frank Bush, of Clark county, Ky,, married Lucy Davis,
by whom he had — William, Polly, Nancy, Elizabeth, Mary, and
Fanny. Mr. Bush was married the second time to Rachel Martin,
by whom he had — Fielding, Jordan, Lucy, and Sally. Fanny
married Thomas Bradley, who settled in Callaway county in 1828.
Elizabeth married Daniel Oliver, who settled in that county in
1833. Jordan married Sally Stewart, and settled in Callaway
county in 1829.

Bennett. — Joseph Bennett, of Maryland, married Margaret
Davis, and settled in Madison county, Ky. In 1820 he removed
to Missouri and settled in Boone county, where he remained until
1838, when he removed to Callaway county. His children are —
Moses, Joel, Jesse D,, Milton, Elijah, Sedreia B., Elizabeth,
Nancy, Rebecca, Margaret, Emily, and Mary. The Bennetts
are relatives of Jefferson Davis, ex-President of the late Con-
federate States.

Brooks. — James Brooks married Elizabeth Holt, daughter of
Timothy Holt, and settled in Callaway county in 1819. His chil-
dren were — Robert, John, Elizabeth, Winifred, Ann, Fanny,
and James.

Brandon. — Robert Brandon married Jane Holt, daughter of
Timothy Holt, and settled in Callaway county in 1832. His
children are — Ann, Smith, Sarah, Frances, and Elizabeth.

Blythe. — John Blythe, of Kentucky, married Sallie Carter, by
whom he had — Daniel, Samuel, Matilda, John, William, Peggy,
Sally, Polly, Abbie, Patsey, and Maria. Mr. Blythe settled in
Callaway county in 1817. Samuel married Sally H. Russell.
William was married first to Matilda Denton, and second to Maria
Coonse. Polly married Price Holt. Matilda married Isaac Zum-
walt. They live in Callaway county.

Bryant. — William Bryant, of Kentucky, married Rachel Wil-
cox, by whom he had — Jerry, Hiram, Thomas, Henry, Susan,,
and Benjamin. They settled in Callaway county in 1820. Jerry
married Martha Plummer, by whom he had twelve children, seve»

CALLAWAY COUNTY 313

of whom lived to be grown, and married and settled in Callaway
county.

Brooks. — Thomas Brooks, of Virginia, married Elizabeth Bul-
lard, and settled in Callaway county in 1819. His children were
— Thomas, Jr., Churchill, Elcham, Theophilus, Jane, Elizabeth,
William, James, George R., Lafayette, Lorenzo, and Sarah, most
of whom live in Callaway county.

Berry. — Richard, Edward, Frank, John, and Rachel Berry
were the children of an Engli&h family that settled in Kentucky.
Richard married Polly Ewing, by whom he had — Frank, Caleb
E., John, Edward G., Richard, Jr., Samuel H., Robert M., Eliz-
abeth, Nancy, Margaret, and Mary J. Mr. Berry settled in
Darst's Bottom, St. Charles county, in 1820, and in 1823 he re-
moved to Grand Prairie, in Callaway county, where he died in
1843. His wife died in 1829. Frank, his eldest son, died a
bachelor. Caleb E. married Virginia Fulkerson, of Darst's Bot-
tom, and settled in Callaway county. John married Margaret
Galbreth, and settled in Callaway county, where he died in 1851.
Edward Q. married Sally A. Galbreth. Richard was married
first to Elizabeth Watts, and 'second to Mary Hamilton. Samuel
H. married Elizabeth Wells. He was Sherff of Callaway countj-
several times. Robert M. was married first to Perraelia Martin,
and second to Emily A. Scholl. Elizabeth was married first to
Thomas Yocum, and second to John Watts. Nancy married
John W. Johnson. Margaret married Joseph Dunham. Mary J.
married James B. Yager.

Bird. — The children of Abraliam Bird, of Shenandoah Co.,
Va., were — George, Andrew, Marcus, and Abraham. The latter
married Mary Holker, of Virginia, and they had — Nancy, John,
George, Abraham, Marcus, William, Rebecca, Mary, Elizabeth,
and Catharine. Marcus settled in Callaway county in 1826, and
married Eliza J. Talbott, daughter of Dr. James Talbott, of
Montgomery county, and she is the only one of the original Tal-
bott family that is still living. Mr. Bird was Cqunty Surveyor of
Callaway county for thirty-six years.

Barnes. — Richard Barnes, of Boone county, North Carolina,
had — Elias, Equilles, Richard, Samuel, Shadrach, Amos, Abra-
ham, and Sally. Elias, Equilles and Shadrach were in the rev-
olutionary war, and Equilles was killed at the battle of Cow
Pens. Amos, Shadrach and Sally (who married Randall Simms),
settled in Madison county, Ky. Amos afterward removed to
Howard Co., Mo., where he lived and died. Shadrach was mar-
ried in North Carolina, to Hannah Turner, and had three chil-
dren at the time of his removal to Kentucky. They went from
North Carolina to Kentucky on pack-horses. Mr. Barnes subse-
quently removed to Missouri, and settled in Howard county. He
died in Boonville, Mo., in the 92d year of his age. His children

31 J I'lONEEK FAMILIES OV MISSOLKI

were — Elizabeth, Piquilles, Philip, Sally, James, Amos, John,
Abraham, Benjamin, Nellie, Thomas, and Sophia. Elizabeth
married William Taylor, who settled in St. Charles county, Mo.,
in 1810. EquiUes .married Dolly Herndon, and settled in How-
ard county. Philip married Fanny Barnes, his cousin, and also
settled in Howard county. Sally married William Ridgeway, who
settled in Boone county. James married Elizabeth Burkhart, and
settled in Boone county. He was one of the noted pioneer Bap-
tist preachers of Missouri, and during the Indian war he taught
school in Cooper's Fort, and the afterwards celebrated Kit Car-
son was one of his pupils. In 1815 he went to New Orleans
with a fiatboat loaded with nine different kinds of wild meat, be-
sides honey, corn, potatoes, onions, furs, hides, deer and elk
horns, etc. He died in 1875, in his 87th year. Amos Barnes
married Dorcas Kincaid, and settled in Boone county. John
married Sally Hubbard, and settled in the same county. Abra-
ham married Grace Jones, and settled in Cooper county. Benja-
min married Lucretia Simms, and settled on the line between
Boone and Callaway counties, in 1819. He raised a large family
of children, and is the only one of his father's family now living.
He is a sociable old gentleman, and fond of fun and jokes. Dur-
ing his younger days he made seven trips to Sante Fe, New Mex-
ico, and rode the same little pony every time. He was Captain
of a wagon train, and received good pay. Nellie Barnes married
Harris Jameson, who settled in Boone county. Thomas mar-
ried Susan Fields, and settled in Cooper county. Sophia mar-
ried Jefferson Boggs, a brother of Governor Boggs, and settled
in Cooper county.

Burt. — John Burt, of Orleans Co., Vt., removed to Ohio in
1815. His three sons, John A., Henry, and George W., came to
Callaway county. Mo., from 181!> to. 1821. They were mill-
wrights by trade, and built the first water mill in Montgomery
county, for Col. Irvine Pitman. After a number of years the
mill was moved away, and the large water wheel left standing.
The action of the water of course kept it constantly turning, and
the negroes and a few superstitious white people of the vicinity
imagined that spirits had something to do with it, and could not
be induced to go near the place. The Burts also built the first
water mill in Callaway county. Henry Burt died in 1823, leaving
no family. John represented Callaway county in the Legislature
four years, was Judge of the County Court seven years, and died
in 1855. He married Bathsheba Fulkerson, of St. Charles Co.,
and they had nine children. Major George W. Burt served in
the war of 1812, when he was only fifteen years of age, and was
captured by the British. He married Erretta VanBibber,
daughter of Major Isaac VanBibber, and great-granddaughter of
Daniel Boone. When he asked the consent of her father to the

CALLAWAY COUNTY 315

marriage, the old gentleman replied in a loud tone of voice that
he could have her if he wanted her, but she was a "contrary
stick," and if he could do anything with her he was welcome to
her; but he didn't want him to send her back on his hands.
Major Burt gladly accepted the "contrary stick," and obtained a
good, wife by so doing. They prospered beyond their expecta-
tions, and accumulated a fortune. Major Burt was a money
loaner for manj' years, but would never accept more interest than
the law allowed hira. He always paid every cent he owed, and
collected all that was due him. lie was a good man, and re-
spected by the entire community where he lived. He died in
March, 1876, in his 78th year, leaving a widow and one son,
Huron. They also had a daughter, but she died many years ago.
Major Burt was in poor health for about thirty years before his
death, and his complaint often carried him apparentl}^ to the
verge of the grave.

Cress. — James Cress, of Virginia, married Judith Bybee, and
they had one child, William C, who settled in Callaway county
in 1833. He married Martha A. Thomas, and they had four sons
and three daughters. Mrs. Cress died in 1858, and her husband
afterward married Frances Gannaway. Mr. Cress owns the cele-
brated Boone Hays place in Callaway county.

CoKDKR. — Benjamin Corder, of Virginia, married Rebecca
Runion, and they had — John, William, James, Ephraim, P^lias,
Polly, Susan, Hannah, Eliza, and Rebecca. James was married
twice ; first to Judith Murray, and second to Leah J. H3'lton.
He settled first in Benton county. Mo., and removed from there
to Callawa}^ in 1838.

Covington. — Melchizedec Coving-ton was born in North Caro-
lina, and lost both of his parents when he was quite young , con-
sequently he received but little attention from any one, and
grew up without an education. When he was grown he went to
Christian Co., Ky., where, in 17!)U, he married Catharine Suddith,
who was born in Fairfax county, Va. In 1827 they loaded their
effects into a little one-horse wagon, and with their seven children,
came to Callaway county, Mo. They had $15 in money when
they started, and when they arrived at the end of their journey
had but 50 cents left. Mr. Covington rented some land and
went to work, and then as he became able he entered land
and obtained a home of his own. He raised thirteen children,
six sons and seven daughters, and died at the age of 86 years.

Crowson. — William Crowson and Mary Thomas, his wife, lived
in East Tennessee. Their children were — Moses, John, Jacob,
Abraham, Isaac, Thomas, Jonathan, Richard, Aaron, and Jane.
Thomas married Jane Vinson, whose father, Daniel Vinson, came
from Tennessee to Old Franklin, Howard county, in a keel-boat
of his own construction. He was on the different rivers

316 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

seven months. Mr. Crowson and his wife had fifteen children,
twelve of whom are living, and the youngest is thirty-six
years of age. Mr. Crowson was a very benevolent man, and
sold corn on credit to all who were not able to pay the cash
for it. When persons came with the money, he told them to go
and buy of those who would not sell on credit to poor, suffering
humanity.

Chick. — The widow of Harding Chick, of Christian county,
Ky., came to Callaway county. Mo., in 1830, with eight of her
children, viz. : Elizabeth, Polly, Nancy, Fanny, Frank, Lucy,
Adeline, and Joseph. She had six other children— Elijah, Will-
iam, Harding, Asa, Alexander, and Amanda — who remained in
Kentucky. Elizabeth Chick married Alexander Reade, and they
had a son, named John, who settled Readesville. John was a
smf 11 man, and he married Sarah Moxley, who was a very small
woman. They built a small house, bought a small cow that had
a small calf, and all their dogs, pigs, and chickens were small.

Collins. — William Collins, of Halifax county, Va., married
Martha Isbell, and settled in Sumner county, Tennessee, where
they had — Elizabeth, Thomas, George, Daniel, Nancy, William,
Barba, Samuel, and Martha. Mr. Collins died, and in 1808 his
widow and children removed to Christian county, Ky. Barba
was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was at the battle of New-
Orleans. He married Martha Johns, and settled in Callawaj^
county, Mo., in 1831, where they had twelve children. Mrs.
Collins died, and he was married the second time to the widow of
William Reade, whose maiden name was Polly Chick. She died
also, and he was married the third time to the widow McMurtry,
whose maiden name was Serena Hays, daughter of Boone Hays,
and gi'eat-granddaughter of Daniel Boone. Mr. Collins had nine
children by his three wives, and is a widower again, in his 83d
year.

Curd. — Doctors Isaac and Thomas Curd, and their sister Cath-
arine, were born in Albermarle county, Va. Dr. Isaac married
Jane Watkins, and in 1824 he removed to Ross county, Ohio. In
1831 he came to Missouri and settled in Callaway count}'. His
children were — Catharine, Martha, John, Thomas, Isaac, Edward,
and two named Martha, both of whom died while infants. Cath-
arine married Frank Diggs, John and Isaac live in St. Joseph,
Mo., and Edward is a banker in Fulton.

Cason. — William Cason married Nancy Hawkins, of Kentucky,
by whom he had — Hawkins, William, Larkin, and Benjamin.
Hawkins settled in Callaway county in 1827, and died a bachelor.
William married Sarah J. Overton, and settled in Callaway
county in 1828. Larkin married Nancy Suggett, and settled in
that county in 1831. Benjamin was married first to Mary J.
Hawkins, who died in 1834, and he was married the second time

CALLAWAY COUNTY 317

-to Ann E. Overton, who died in March, 1872. After her death
he married the widow of Dr. Thomas Hardin, of Boone county.

Crump. — Richard Crump, of Virginia, was born in 1772, and
was married in 1796 to Sarah Smith of that State. Their chil-
dren were — Lucinda, Turner, Nancy, Richard W. S., America,
Thompson S., Henry S., Sally, Mary F,, James S., John H.,
Benedict, and Lydia A. Mr. Crump settled in Callaway county
in 1820. America, his third daughter, was drowned in the Ken-
tucky river in 1819. His sons all made fortunes, and are good
and highl}' respected citizens.

Callerson. — Reuben Callerson, of Augusta county, Va., marr
ried Elizabeth Mitchell, and they settled first in Kentucky, from
whence they removed to Missouri. Their children were — James,
John, Robert, William, Elizabeth, Isabella, Dorothea, Nancy,
Polly, Jane, Martha, Margaret, and Ann. Robert, Polly, Doro-
thea, and Isabella came to Missouri. James married Nancy
Chick, by whom he had six children. John married a Miss Lock-
ridge, and died leaving a widow and three children. William
married Nancy Moore, by whom he had eleven children. Eliza-
beth married Andrew Hamilton, and they both died without issue.
Nancy and Martha never married. Jane married John Board,
and they had three children. Ann married a Mr. Gilmore, and is
now a widow.

Coil. — Jacob and Elizabeth Coil were natives of Ireland, but
came to America and settled in Bourbon Co., K}'., where they
had — Solomon, Noah, John, George, Elizabeth, Elijah, Polly, and
Margaret. Solomon and Noah settled in Callaway county in
1825. The former died in 1842 and the latter in 1843. Noah
married Elizabeth Lail, by whom he had nine children. John
Coil also settled in Callaway county, and married Dinah* Brad-
ford He died in 1865. P^lijah married Xiucinda Lail, and died
in 1863. Elizabeth, Polly, and Margaret remained in Kentucky.

CuLBERTSON. — Joscph Culbertsou was born in Pennsylvania,
but removed to Bourbon county, Ky. He was married first to
Elizabeth Martin, by whom he had — Samuel, John, Joseph, Alex-
ander, Robert, Patsey, and Polly. He was married the second
time to a Miss McClannahan, by whom he had four children.
Samuel, John, Robert, and Polly settled in Indiana. Patsey
married and removed to Ohio. Joseph was married in 1829, to
Sallie A. Griffin, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county,
Mo., in 1832. Their children are — Joscph M., James A. G.,
Amanda J., Rosa E., Mary A., Sarah A., William T., and Sam-
uel A.

Carter. — Adam Carter, of Virginia, married Mary A. Roberts,
and they had — Joseph R., Robert H., Elizabeth, Willi&m, and
Creed C. Joseph and Robert remained in Virginia. Elizabeth
married Gibson Goodrich, who Settled in -Callaway county in

318 nOUEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

1830. Their children were — Martha P., Abraham C, Joseph,
Edwin, Robert, Mary, Rebecca, and Elizabeth. William Carter
died in Arkansas. Creed C. married Mary Clansburg, in 1822,
and in 1830 he settled in Callaway county. They had — Thoma&
A., Emily J., Mary C, Nancy E., Susan E., Ann M., Phoebe E,.
Amanda S., and Robert C.

Crook. — John Crook, of Pennsylvania, married Elizabeth Deen,
by whom he had seventeen children. His son John married Mar-
garet Hughart, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county in
1834. His children were — Martha E., Trennvilla J., Elizabeth
M., Letitia E., Mary C, Sophia M., and John. Mr. Crook and
his wife lived together fift3^-one years, and never had a quarrel ;
nor did he ever quarrel with one of his neighbors. He lived in
Callaway county fifty years without going beyond its limits.

CooNES. — Jacob Coones, of Virginia, married Lettie Kemper,
by whom he had— Nancy, Henry, Jacob, and Joseph. Nancy
married Robert Evans, and died in Kentucky. Henry married
Nancy p]vans, and settled in Callaway county in 1836. Their
children were — John W.. Isaac F., Joseph N., Louisiana J.,
Cynthia A., Nancy M., and Mary J. Mr. Coones and his wife
were members of the Christian Church. Jacob Coones married
Jane Howe, and settled in Callaway county in 1830. Their chil-
dren were — Joseph W., John D., Cynthia J., Amanda, and Eliza-
beth. Joseph Coones married Lacretia I. Dalzell, and settled in
Callaway county in 1836. They had — Thomas J., William H.,
Joseph W., Robert, Nancy A., Isaiah, and Martha.

Craighead. — Robert M. and Isaiah Craighead were brothei'S,
and they had a nephew named John who was a son of their
brother John, of Virginia. Robert M. married Nancy Powell,
and they had — William, Solomon, Robert, Jr., Jonathan, Ste-
phen, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, and Nancy. They settled in Cal-
laway county in 1819. Isaiah married Feminine Robinson, and
settled in Callaway county in 1830. His children were — John R.,
George, James, Isaiah W., William A. B.,, Jane, and Nancy P.
John R. married Sarah Hall, and they had — Isaiah O., John W.,
Mark A., James, Patrick H., Caroline, and Lucy J. John Craig-
head, the nephew of Robert and Isaiah, married Julia Smith, and
settled in Callaway county in 1828.

Coats. — Rev. William Coats was born in South Carolina. When
grown he removed to Smith county, Tennessee, where he married
Nancy Baker, by whom he had — .James, William, John, Wilson,
Hiram, Lemuel B., Rachel, Frankie, Tabitha, Mahala, Nancy, and
Laodocea. In 1817 Mr. Coats removed with his family to Calla-
way count}-, Mo., and settled on the prairie which has since
borne his name. There was no minister in that part of the coun-
try at that time, and his neighbors appointed him to preach, which
duty he performed at stated intervals until his death. He organ-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 319

izecl most of the Old Baptist Cliurches in tliat region. His son
James married Polly Callaway, of Tennessee, by whom he had
two fchildren — Matthias S. and Laura A. William Coats, Jr., was
married first to Patsey Tracy, and second to the widow McLaugh-
lan, whose maiden name was Celia Callaway. John married
Nancj'^ Smith. He was Sheriff of Callaway county for several
years, and was a good auctioneer. Wilson married a Miss
Phillips, and moved to California. Hiram married Permelia
Walker, and was afterward killed by lightning. Lemuel B. mar-
ried EUzabeth Maddox. Rachel married Robert Reade, and is
now a widow. Frankie married a Mr. McLaughlan. Tabitha
married William Callawa3^ Nancy married Joseph P. Callaway.
Laodocea married Daniel Phillips.

Callaway. — Joseph Callaway, of South Carolina, married Polly
Barrett, by whom he had — John, Nancy, Joseph, Jr., Polly,
Elizabeth, William, Vinson, Cenia, and Thomas. Mr. Callaway
removed to Tennessee in 1804, and in 1818 he settled on Coats'
Prairie, in Callaway county. His sons John and Tliomas served
in the war of 1812. Thomas married Elizabeth Griffith, and set-
tled on Crow Fork, a branch of Auxvasse creek. During the
night of July 4, 1831, there came a very heavy rain, which raised
the creek so that it washed away his stable and smoke house. He
had a horse in the stable, which by some means, climbed into the
loft, got out at the window and swam ashore. The smoke house
contained some meat and a barrel of whisk}', which Mr. Callaway
succeeded in bringing ashore with a sugar trough, which he used
as a canoe. Mr. Callaway died some time ago, but his widow is
still living.

Ckow. — Joseph Crow, of Nelson county, Ky., married Sarah
Humphreys, and settled in Callaway county in 1819. His chil-
dren were — John H., Roily H., Joseph R., Mary, Elizabeth,
Nancy, and Sarah A.

Childs. — Benjamin Childs, of Halifax county, Va., married
Elizabeth Falkner, by whom he had — John H., William F.,
Henry, Samuel, Kcziah, Nancy, and Mary. John H. married
Mary I3oyster and settled in Callaway caunty in 1835. His chil-
dren are — William H., John D., Benjamin F., Samuel J., Henry
C, Walter S., Nathaniel R., Elizabeth, Frances, Ann, and
Salad ay.

Curry. — William Curr}', of Ireland, married Sarah Bigun, em-
igrated to America, and settled first in Virginia, from whence he
removed to Mercer c6unty, Ky. They had — WiUiam, James,
Robert, Samuel, John, Ann, Polly, and Jennie. John married
Polly McCamly, of Kentucky, by whom he had — William, Ro-
sana, Sarah, and Nancy. Mr. Curry settled in Callaway county in
1828. His son William married Mary Snell. Rosaina married
William Nasgal. Sally married Josiah Dixon. Nancy married

320 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Justice Murphy. All of the above are living in Callaway county.

Cheatham. — James Cheatham, of Kentucky, married Miss
Turley, by whom he had — David C. and Turley, both of whom
settled in Callaway county in 1834. David C. married Amanda
Rice.

Creswell. — James Creswell, of Ireland, married a Miss Mac-
kennon, of Pennsylvania, and settled in Kentucky, where they
had — Martha, Robert, William, George, Ehzabeth, John, Sally
A., Jane, and James. Mr. Creswell and four of his children set-
tled in Callaway county in 1827. Robert Creswell, his son, set-
tled ill St. Charles county in 1818. He was a carpenter and did
the wood work on Colonel Nathan Boone's stone house, on Femme
Osage creek. He also assisted in making Daniel Boone's second
colRn. In 1819 he and his brother WiUiam removed to and set-
tled in Callaway county. Robert married Nancy Nevens, and
William married Eliza Nichols. George married Elizabeth Fitz-
hugh. James married Jane Allen, and Jane married Singleton
Shelby.

Caldwell. — Robert Caldwell, of Scotland, was married in
South Wales, emigrated to America, and settled in Pennsylvania,
where he had a son, Robert, Jr., who married Mary Stephenson,
and settled in Bourbon county, Ky. His children were — James,
Robert, William, John, Alexander, Thomas and Patsey. Thomas
married Eleanor Boyd, and settled in Callaway county in 1826.
He established the pottery works there, now known as Potters-
ville. His children were — Robert, Thomas, Jr., James, John,
Newton, and Grizella. Robert, brother of Thomas Caldwell, Sr.,
married Anna Avery, and settled in Callaway county' in 1844.

Clatterbuck. — Reuben Clatterbuck, of Virginia, settled first
in Shelby county, Ky., and removed from there to Callaway
county. Mo., in 1826. His children were — John, Leroy, James,
Cageby, Richard, William, Nancy, and Caroline. John married
Martha Reynolds. Leroy married Mary Gray. James married
Permelia Howard. Cageby married Margaret Howard. Richard
married Anna Reynolds. William married Caroline Laford.
Nancy married Reuben Gerdon, and Caroline married George
W. Griffin. All of the above settled in Callaway and adjoining
counties.

CooNCE.--This name was formerly spelled Kountz, but by
agreement among the different members of the family the orthog-
raphy has been changed to its present form. Jacob Coonce, of
Pennsylvania, settled in St. Charles county. Mo., in 1797. He
had — John, Jacob, George, Henry, Nicholas, Polly, Elizabeth,
Eliza, Nancy, Harris, and Ibby. John married Barbara Rudy,
by whom he had — Abraham, Charlotte, George W., Maria,
Euphemia, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Edna. Henry Coonce mar-
ried Mahala Buckner, and settled in Callaway county in 1835.

CALLAWAY COUNTY 321

Sarah married Samuel Mayeock, who also settled in that county.
Nicholas Coonce married Rebecca McConnell, and settled on the
Booneslick road in St. Charles county, where he was killed by a
fall from a horse. He hunted a great deal, and was not afraid of
anything. It is said that he used to crawl into hollow trees and
dens, where bears were hid, and feel of them to see if they were
fat enough to kill.

Carrington. — Samuel Carrington, of Montgomery county, Md.,
married Mildred McDaniel, and settled in Montgomery county,
Ky. They had — Thomas, Randolph, Timothy, John, Samuel,
Elizabeth, Susan, Sally, and Friscilla. Randolph married Cath-
arine McGarey, and they had — William, John, Samuel, Randolph,
Jr., Emily, Nancy, and Permelia. They settled in Callaway
county in 1826. William Carrington was Judge of the County
Court one term. He married Susan Fisher. John was married
first to Eliza Randolph, and second to Nancy Hyton. Samuel
married Lydia A. Bowen. Emily married John Martin. Nancy
married Elisha Davis. Permelia married Hiram Holt. All of the
above live in Callaway county.

Clansbury. — Thomas Clansbury married Catharine Brown, and
their daughter Mary married Creed C. Carter. They also had a
son, Thomas, Jr., whose children were Susan, Mary W., William
H., John A., Martha, Virginia, Elizabeth, Robert and James, all
of whom settled in Callaway county.

Craig. — One day, a great many years ago, as a ship was sail-
ing from an Irish Port to America, a sailor named Toliver Craig
fell overboard and was drowned. The next morning a boy baby
was found on the deck of the vessel, with no one to claim him
or take care him. The ship was loaded with emigrants, among
whom were his parents, who doubtless felt too poor to assume
the care of the little fellow in the new county to which they were
going ; 80 they took that method of throwing him upon the char-
ities of the ship's crew. After some consultation it was decided
to name the little waif for the lost sailor, and he was accordingly
christened Toliver Craig. He grew to be a man, married and had
a son, whom he also named Toliver. The latter also grew to
man's estate, married, and had a son, whom he named Toliver,
Jr. The latter married Elizabeth Johnson, of Virginia, and
removed to Scott county, Ky., during the early settlement of that
State. The Indians were very hostile at the time, and they lived
three years in a fort. They had seven children — Jack, Elijah,
William, Nathaniel, Mary, Nancy, and Toliver. Jack, Elijah,
William, and Nancy married and lived in Tennessee. Nathan-
iel married Polly Ealey, and lived in Kentucky. They had —
William, Nancy, Martha, Robert, Ann, and Mary, all of whom
settled in Missouri. Toliver married Patsey Wright, an English
lady, by whom he had — Elizabeth, Polly, Larkin, Permelia,

322 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Catharine, Patse}'- W., Sally, Nathaniel, Margaret, Fannie, Carter
T., and John T. Larkin married Fanny Fieklin, and settled in
Callaway county at an early date. Cathai'ine married her cousin,
Levi Craig, who died, and she afterward married Colonel Thomas
Smith, of St. Aubert, Callaway county. Patsey W. married
Gideon Games, of Callaway county. Nathaniel married Easter
L. McKinney. Margaret married Samuel Craig, her cousin.
Fanny also married her cousin, Henry Craig, and lived in Boone
county. Carter T. married Sally S. Games, and lives in Calla-
way county. John T. married Adelia Berger, and settled in
Callaway county.

Davis. — Joseph Davis, of Georgia, settled in Callaway county
in 1834. His wife's maiden name was Mary Boxley, and their
children were — Marion, Nancy, William, Joseph, John, Susan,
Jesse, Levij Isaiah, and Margaret, all of whom, except Isaiah,
were married by Esquire William J. Jackson, at one dollar each.

Driskall. — Dennis Driskall and his wife, whose maiden name
was Thacker, were natives of Ireland, but came to America and
settled in Danville county. North Carolina. They had — Timothy,
Dennis, Jr., David, Polly, and Sarah. Mr. Driskall died, and his
widow and children removed to Franklin county, Ky., in 1805.
Dennis, Jr. was married in North Carolina, to Barbara Craft, by
whom he had — Jesse, John, William, David, Thomas, James H.,
Dennis, Frances, Elizabeth, and Sarah. James H. was married
in Kentucky to Martha Wallace, and settled in St. Charles county.
Mo., in 1825, and the following year he removed to Callaway
county, where he and his wife are still living. They had eight
children, three sons and five daughters. Mr. Driskall is called
the working man of Callaway county, and by industry and econ-
omy has made a fortune. He is a carpenter by ti-ade, and built
the first Auxvasse Presbyterian Church. It is related of him that
he once bought a yoke of oxen and some bacon in St. Charles
county, and conveyed the bacon home, a distance of sixty miles,
by tying it around the necks of the oxen with hickory withes. Not
long afterward, while he was lying in bed one morning, he heard
the oxen jump the lot fence, and knowing they would go back where
they were raised, he sprang up and followed them, dressed only
in his shirt and drawers, without hat or boots. He failed to head
them, but followed them to St. Charles county, and drove them
back home, performing the journey of one hundred and twenty
miles in twenty-four hours, and with nothing on but his shirt and
drawers.

Dillard. — The parents of John Dillard were natives of Eng-
land. He settled in Caroline county, Va., and married Lucy
Taliaferro, whose parents were natives of Ireland. They had —
John T., Thomas, Marj^, Isabella, William, Margaret, Eranklin
E., and James D. Thomas was a surgeon in the United States

CALLAWAY COUNTY 323

army, and lived and died in Philadelphia, John T. married ]Mar-
garet Steele, of Missouri, and settled in Callaway county in 1832.
Mary married John Waller, of Kentucky, who settled in Callaway
county in 1831. Isabella married John French, who settled in
Callaway county in 1821. William was a physician, and was
married first to Martha Hockaday, of Kentucky, and settled in
Callaway county in 1832. After the death of his first wife he
married Elizabeth Hughes. Margaret married James Hockaday,
of Kentucky, who settled in Callaway county in 1831. Frank-
lin E. alio was a physician. He was married first to Ann Bei'-
nard, who died, and he then married her sister. He settled in
Callawa}' county in 1833. James D. married Sally A. French,
and settled in Callaway county in 1833, The members of the
Dillard family are distinguished for their social qualities, intelli-
gence, hospitality, and polite manners. They possess good busi-
ness qualifications and are excellent citizens.

DuLEY. — James Dule}' married Devola Shields, of Montgomery
count3% Md., and settled in Scott county, Ky., in 1799. They
had — Enoch, Nathaniel, Alexander, Susan, Devola, and Nancy.
Nathaniel was a soldier of the war of 1812. He married his
cousin, Sarah Daley, and settled in Indiana, from whence he re-
moved to Callaway county, Mo., in 1821, and settled on the bank
of the Missouri river, where lie died July 11, 1832. His widow
died July 10, 1843. They hud— Paul H., Ferdinand C, John S.,
Margaret T., Samuel M., George W., Enoch C, William M.,
and Milton D. Paul H. was married first to tlie widow of Samuel
B. Long, whose maiden name was Harriet Burnett, by whom he
)iad two daugliters. After her deatli he married the widow of
Thomas Kelley, whose maiden was Malinda P^llis. Ferdinand C.
and John S. died wlien they were about grown. Margaret T.
married Thomas Jones, and died soon after. Samuel M. was
married first to Sarah Emmett, and second to Mary Wilkerson.
He had three sons and three daugliters by his last wife. George
W. married Amanda Wilkerson, and they had one son and one
daughter. Enoch C. married Minerva Wilkerson, and died, leav-
ing a widow and two daughters. William M. married Amanda
Dozier, and they had three sons and one daughter. Milton D.
died in Mexico in 1847, while serving as a soldier in
the war between that country and the United States.
Paul H., Enoch C, William M., and Milton D. were
all soldiers in the Mexican war. Thomas Duley, a brother
of Nathaniel Duley's wife, settled in Callaway county in 1817,
and died in 1830. He took a great deal of interest in politics,
and in order to keep himself informed in regard to public affairs,
etc., he subscribed for the Missouri Repuhlicmi in 1817, and con-
tinued his subscription until his death, when his nephew, Paul
H., assumed it and still takes and reads the paper.

324 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Day. — Thomas Daj', who was born in Virginia, removed to
Kentucky and married Mary Sanders, by whom he had —
Louis T.-, William, Ackley, Zanders, Polly, Milley, Eliza-
beth, Truman, and Charles A. Mr. Day was married the
second time to Catharine Williams, and by her had —
Fanny, Rebecca, Martha, Middleton, and Dudley. Louis
T. married Catharine Mclntire, and settled in Callaway
county in 183L Ackley married Sally Fowler, and settled in
Callaway county in 1830. Mille}'^ married Garret Davis, who set-
tled in Callaway county in 1828. Charles A. settled in Callaway
county in 1830. He was married first to Anna Speed, and second
to her sister, Dinah Speed. He died in 1850, leaving two chil-
dren. Mr. Day was the founder of the town of Portland, on the
Missouri river.

Dawson. — Elijah Dawson, of Nelson county, Va., married a
Miss Gentry, and had — Robert, Martin, Elizabeth, and James.
He was married the second time to Judith Gilliam, by whom he
had — Achilles G., Mary, Samuel, and Judith. Most of his chil-
dren live in Callaway county.

Dyer. — Samuel Dyer was born in Bristol, England, and came
to America when he was fourteen years of age, with a merchant
named Breckenridge, to whom he was bound. When the revolu-
tionary war began Breckenridge returned to England, but young
Dyer enlisted in the American army and became a commissioned
officer. After the war he settled in Albemarle count}'^, Va. , anti
married Celia Brickley, of Hanover county, by whom he had —
William H., Samuel, John, Ann, Frank B., Eliza, and Robert.
William H. married Margaret Bridie, of Richmond, Va.,and set-
tled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1827. Their children were —
Alexander B., Eliza A., Margaret, William F., Randolph H.,
Oeorge M., Celia B., John N., Isaac C, and Henry. Samuel
married a Miss Watkins, of Goochland county, Va., and settled
in Callaway county in 1821. He was the second merchant in the
town of Fulton. His children were — Thomas B., Mary J., Mar-
tha, Samuel R., Virginia, Edward B., Eliza, and Susan. John
Dyer married Evilena Warren, of Missouri, and settled in Calla-
way county in 1822. His children were — Sarah, Helen, Emily,
Samuel W., Israel G., Mary, and Ann. Ann Dyer, daughter of
Samuel Dyer, Sr., married George Robinson, of Richmond, Va.,
who settled in St. Louis, Mo., in 1828. Frank B. and Eliza
lived in Virginia. Robert married Sarah A. Morris, of Augusta
county, Va., and settled in Callaway county in 1850. His chil-
dren were — Catharine E,, Frank M., Ann M., Robert, Thomas
W., and Samuel.

DuLiN. — Thaddeus Dulin, of Loudon county, Va., married
Elizabeth Powell, and they had — John, Edward, James, Nancy,
Sally, Fanny, Winifred, Susan, and Lydia. Most of the chil-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 325

dren came with their parents to Kentucky at an early date. Ed-
ward married Mary Gordon, and they had — Thaddeus, Sally,
William, Thomas, Elizabeth, Fanny, John, Richard, Nancy, and
Lydia. Thomas settled in St Charles county. Mo., in 1819,
and married Mary Lyle, by whom he had two sons and four
daughters. He was married the second time to a widow, whose
maiden name was Maria Hill. He removed to Callaway county
in 1831. Richard settled in St. Louis. He was married twice.
Thaddeus settled in St. Charles county.

Duncan. — Roger and John Duncan were sons of Roger Dun-
can, Sr., of Scotland. The two brothers came to America and
settled in Bourbon. county, Ky. John married Elizabeth "Wam,
by whom he had — Thomas, John, Jr., Alexander, David, William,
Ann, and Mary. He subsequently removed to Callaway county,
Mo. Roger, Jr., married Sally Rodman, and remained in Bour-
bon county, Ky. Their children were — John, Thomas, George,
Polly A., and Amanda. John married Sally J. Adair, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1833. His children were Eveline,
George T., Angeline, Anna A,, Joseph W., and Mary E, Mr.
Duncan was married the second time to Nancy Loid, by whom
he had — John, Hiram J., Polly J., Solomon R., Susan, Nimrod
N., Benjamin R., and Nancy F.

Duncan. — David Duncan, of Scotland, came to America with
his wife, and remained some time in Boston, after which they re-
moved to Mercer county, Ky. They had nine children. Mrs.
Duncan died, after which he married again and had eleven chil-
dren more. William, the eldest son by his first wife, married
Elizabeth Henderson, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway
county in 1826. His children were — Alfred R., Joshua M., Will-
iam G., Nancy M., Amanda E., and Elizabeth J.

Duncan. — Joseph C. Duncan, of Buckingham county, Va.,
was of Scotch descent. He married Nancy Maddox, and settled
in Christian county, Ky., in 1817. In 1829 he removed to Mis-
souri and settled in Callaway county, where he lived the rest of
his life. His wife died in 1860, and he died in 1870. They had
nine children, but two of them died before they were grown.
The names of the other children were — Elizabeth A., Frederick
W., Ouslow G., Jerome B,, Artinicia, Merrett B., and Edward.
Elizabeth A. married John McMahan, and is now a widow.
Frederick W. lives in Oregon. Ouslow G. married Julia A.
Broadwater, and lives in Audrain county. Jerome B. married
Mary George. Artinicia married Colonel Marshall S. Coats, of
Coats' Prairie. Merrett B. married Mary E. Berkett. He is a
prominent banker of Mexico, Mo. Edward married Martha Mc-
Mahan, and lives in Monroe county. Joel and Richard were the
two who died before they were grown.

Dunlap. — Robert and David Dunlap were born in Ireland, but

326 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUUI

came to America with their parents when they were small boys,
and settled in North Carolina. Robert was born February 26,
1763, and at the age of twenty-five years' he was married to Eliz-
abeth Wile, of North Carolina, by whom he had— John, David M.,
Robert, Thomas, Eliza, and Elizabeth S. In 1801 he removed to
Bath county, Ky., and in 1821 he and his brother David removed
to Missouri and settled in Callaway county. In 1825 they settled
where Fulton now stands, and Robert Dunlap gave the name to
the town, which for a number of years was called Bob Fulton on
his account. He died in 1848, his wife having died in 1834.
John Dunlap married Elizabeth Gudgell, and they had two chil-
dren, Ro.bert and Jane. The former was killed in the Florida
war, and the latter married Milton V. Davis, of Callaway
county. David M., son of Robert Dunlap, Sr., married Polly
Gudgell, of Kentucky, by whom he had — Elizabeth, Andrew,
ThomiiS, Jane, Robert A., James, and Mary. Robert and
Eliza, children of Robert Dunlap, Sr., died in childhood, and
Thomas died when he was twenty-three years of age. James
married Sally S. Crump, of Missouri. Elizabeth married
Solomon Craighead. David, brother of Robert Dunlap, Sr.,
taught the first school in Fulton. He had but one leg, and sup-
plied the place of the lost member with an old-fashioned wooden
peg-leg. He married and had one daughter, and died of cholera,
at Portland, in 1840. The citizens of the place had such a dread
of the disease that they buried him as soon as he was dead, in
the dress he had on at the time. It was ascertained soon after-
ward that he had $2,800 in a pocket in his undershirt, and two or
three of the boldest citizens ventured to take the body up and get
the money.

Dakby. — Basil Darby, son of George Darby, of England, mar-
ried Rebecca AUnut, of Maryland, by whom he had — Samuel,
Thomas, George, Jane, and Ann. Samuel married Jane Viers,
and settled in Callaway county in 1840, where he died in 1869,
in his 76th year ; his widow still survives. They had two sons
and eight daughters.

Davis. — James, Harrison, Benjamin, and Robert Davis were
sons of James Davis, of Pennsylvania. Robert married Devora
Hornbuckle, and settled in Callaway county in 1819. His chil-
dren were — William, Emeline, James M., Thomas, Julia A., Su-
san, Jane H., Amanda C, Rufus, Martha, Nancy, Elizabeth, and
Sarah A. Thomas Davis married Nancy Gee, daughter of
John Gee, of England, and Elizabeth Pugh, of Tennessee, who
settled in Callaway county in 1822. The children of John Gee
were — Nancy, Silas, Elizabeth, Emeline, Willoughby, and John J.

Davis. — Richard Davis, of Halifax county, Va., married Polly
White, and they had — Thomas, Henry, William, John, and Dan-
iel. William married Elizabeth Mulberry, and they had — James,

CALLAWAY COUNTY 327

Elizabeth, Catharine, and John. James was a soldier of the
war of 1812. He married his cousin, Frances Davis, and settled
in Callaway county in 1826. They had — John W., George W.,
Richard A., James H., Cynthia E., Martha J., Delila, Polly, Eliz-
abeth F., and Mary F.

Davis. — Richard Davis was a revolutionary soldier. He mar-
ried Priscilla Coe, of Maryland, and they had— Matthew, Cath-
arine, Eli, James, Elizabeth, William, John, Presley, Richard,
and Alexander. Matthew married Elizabeth King, and settled in
Callaway county in 1829. Jane married Baylis Reno, who set-
settled_ in Callaway county in 1831. Elizabeth married Robert
Randolph, who settled in Callaway county in 1833. William
married Mary Randolph, and settled in Callaway county in 1830.
John married Malinda Lutrell, and settled in Callaway county
in 1837. Garret Davis, son of P^U, mari-ied Milley Day, and
settled in Callaway county in 1826.

DoziER. — Zachariah Dozier, of Pennsylvania, married Susan
Evans, and they had — John, Evans, William, Thomas, and Zach-
ariah, Jr. William married Sally Combs, of Kentucky, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1830.

Dougherty. — Charles Dougherty, of Ireland, settled first in
Baltimore, Md., and removed to Callaway county. Mo., in 1817.
His children were — Hugh, John, Matthew, and Nancy. Hugh
married Hannah Doyle, and they had ele"^en children. John
married Elizabeth Hudson, and Nancy married William Wallace.
They all live in Callaway county.

Evans. — Benjamin Evans, of Charlotte county, Va., had a son
named Larry B., who married Elizabeth Covington, of HaUfax
county, and settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1834. He died in
1851, leaving a widow, six daughters and an infant son in very poor
circumstances. Mrs. Evans was an excellent tailor, and was the
only person in that part of the county who could make fine cloth-
ing for gentlemen. She carried on the business before her hus-
band's death, and continued it with success after his decease.
She and her daughters also cultivated their farm, and did the
work as well as it could have been done by men. Mrs. Evans is
an excellent lady, and deserves great credit for her energy and
industry.

Ellis. — The parents of John, Abraham, Peter, and William
Ellis were natives of England. The four brothers came to
America and settled in Fauquier county, Va. Peter and Abra-
ham came to Missouri in 1808, and settled first in St. Louis
county. Abraham was in the war of 1812. He was married
first to a Miss Lee, and second to Mary Trussell, of Tennessee.
By his two wives he had — Elizabeth, Jane, Polly, Peter, Ellen,
Isabella, Mary, Rosa A., John, James, Cynthia A., Malinda J.,
Barbara L., William, Amanda R., and one other that died in

328 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

childhood. Mr. Ellis was a member of the Methodist Church,
and the first camp-meeting in Callaway county was held on his
land, and for many years afterward camp-meetings were held there
regularly. Religious services were also held in private houses, and
Mr. Ellis was generally selected to announce the next appoint-
ment, which he would do from the top of a stump, in a loud
voice, and then would add, "Bring along your guns and dogs,
and make as big a show as you can." Peter Ellis settled ia
Boone county.

EvERHART. — Jacob Everhart was of German parentage. He
lived in Loudon county, Va., and his wife was Ann Waltraan, a
daughter- of Jacob Waltman. They had — Jacob, John, Joseph,
and Sfirah. Jacob married Sarah Stuck, and they had one child,
a daughter. John was married twice, the name of his first wife
being Sarah Prince. Sarah married Henry Bruce. Joseph was
married in 1826, to Lydia Stuck, and they had— James L. and
Jacob E. Mrs. Everhart died in 1830, and her husband subse-
quently married Ann C. Deaver, by whom he had — Jesse D.,
Joseph v., Margaret A., Martha, Virginia, Catharine, John, and
"William B. Mr. Everhart settled in Callaway county in 1834. He
was married the third time to the widow of William Dyson, whose
maiden name was Lucinda Davis. She was also married three
times, her first husband being a Mr. Wren.

EsTENS. — James and John Estens settled in Callaway county ia
1815. They lived for two years on wild meat, without salt or
bread. They were said to be the first American settlers within
the present limits of Callaway county.

EwiNG. — Patrick Ewing, of Ireland, settled in Maryland, where
he married a Miss Patton, by whom he had — Joshua, Robert^
Putnam, Samuel, Polly, Eleanor, Catharine, and William. Mr.
Ewing's first wife died, and he was maiYied the second time to a
Miss Potter, by whom he had Patrick and Elizabeth. WiUiam set-
tled within the present limits of Missouri while it was a Spanish
province. Joshua married Rachel George, of Pennsylvania, and
settled in Lee county, Va. , where they had — Robert, Patrick,
Joshua, Jr., James P., Samuel, William, David C, Jesse, Marga-
ret, Eliza S., and Polly. Patrick, who was born in Lee county,
Va., in 1792, served as soldier in the first part of the war of 1812,
and in 1814 he came to Missouri and located in Darst's Bottom,
St. Charles county, where he taught school for some time. He
afterward married Nancy Darst, and settled in Callaway county
in 1817. He becarae the second Sheriff of that county, and was
Captain of a company in the Black Hawk war. He was married
the second time to Mrs. Fisher, whose maiden name was Ann
Eliza Ratakin. By his first wife he had — David D., Joshua,
Jesse, Rosetta H., Rachel C, Elizabeth, Jane, Mary, and Marga-
ret. James Ewing, brother of Patrick, married Belinda Neil,

CALLAWAY COUNTY 329

and settled in Callaway county in 1820. Samuel married Selena
Beatty, and settled in Callaway county in 1835.

Eley. — Edward Eley, of Culpepper county, Va., had a son
named Henry, who married Mary James, by whom he had — Mary,
Catharine, Benjamin F., George, James, Harriet, and Sally. He
was married the second time to the widow Simms, who also died,
and he was married the third time to Sally Fitzhugh. Mr. Eley
settled in Callaway county in 1835.

Evans. — Major Jesse Evans, of Wythe county, Va., was mar-
ried twice. His children were — John, Joseph, George, Jane, and
Nancy. He came to Missouri in 1816, and settled in Cotesans-
dessein, Callaway county. His son John married Sally Newell,
of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county in 1817. Joseph
married Elizabeth Smith, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county the same year his father did. Jane married Thomas
Farmer, who settled in Callaway county in 1817. Nancy mar-
ried Colonel George King, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county in 1817. George married Hannah Pritchett, and settled
in Callaway county in 1818.

French. — William and Simon French were brothers, and lived
in South Carolina. William died, leaving a widow and seven
children, viz. : Hugh, John, Jane, Sally, Hannah, Mary, and
Susan. The widow and her children removed to Warren county,
East Tennessee, in 1795. Her son Hugh married his cousin,
Sally French, of Christian county, Ky., and settled in Boone
county, Mo., in 1820. His children were — Simon L., William
H. , John N. , Caroline M. , Mary J,, Susan A., Sarah J., and
Emily E. John French settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1820. He
was married first to Jane Clark, of Montgomery county, by whom
he had — William H., Bryant, Milton, and Sally A. His second
wife was Isabella Dillard, by whom he had — Hugh, Thomas
and Lucy. Jane French married John Button. Sally mai-ried
Joseph Elledge. Hannah married Samuel Cox. Mary married
Isaac Clark, of Montgomery county. Susan married Samuel
McRunnels. Simon French, Sr., settled in Christian county, Ky.
His children were — Lewis, Pinckney, Andrew J., William N.,
Isaac C, Sally, Susan, and Mary A. Lewis married Louisa
Simpson, of Montgomery county, Mo., and settled in Callaway
county in 1821. Pinckney was married first to Devonia Clark, of
Christian county, Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county,
Missouri in 1836. They had — Henry, Isaac, Edward, and
William. After the death of his first wife, Mr. French
married Elizabeth Jones, of Christian county, Ky., and they had
Albert and Virginia. Andrew J. French married Sally Towley.
William N. married Comfort E. Parks. Isaac married Nancy
Monroe. The three last mentioned all settled in Morgan county.
Mo. Sally married her cousin, Hugh French. Susan married

530 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Enoch French, of Morgan county, Mo. Mary A. married Bell
Mure, of Christian county, K}'-.

FoxwoRTHY. — William Foxworthy, of Prince William county,
Va., was a soldier of the revolutionary war. His children were —
William, Samuel, John, Thomas, Alexander, Sally, Lilly,
and Harriet. William was a soldier in war of 1812. He married
Elizabeth Hesler, of Pennsylvania, and they had — Alexander,
Joseph, John, Isabella, Clarissa, and Sarah. Mr. Foxworthy
settled in Callaway county, Mo., in 1836, and was subsequently
killed by a horse. His widow removed to California when she
was 75 years of age. Alexander married Emily Bryan, of Ken-
tucky, and they had four sons and four daughters. John married
Mary Burt. Isabella married William H. Wilson. Clarissa mar-
ried Galbreth Wilson. Joseph and Sarah reside in California.

Freeman.— rJohn Freeman was an orphan Irish boy, and was
raised in South Carolina. When he was grown he settled in Ken-
tucky, where he married Nancy Lenox. In 1832 they came to
Missouri and settled in Callaway county. Their children were —
John, Thomas, Michael, David, Harvey, William, Mary, Jemima,
Lucretia, Pernina, Mahala, Arnetha, Lourena, Elizabeth, and
two that died in childhood. Mary married Thomas Moxley. Je-
mima married James Boyce. Lucretia was married first to Frank
Drinkard, and second to a Mr. Blessing. Pernina married Allen
Ticer. Lourena married Handy Moxley. Mahala married David
Cross. Arnetha married Charles Cravens. John, Thomas, Mi-
chael, Harvey and Jemima lived and died in Callaway county.

Fruite. — Enoch and Alexander Fruite settled in Callaway
county in Februarj'^, 1819. They were raised in Christian county,
Ky., and lived several years in Howard county, Mo., before they
settled in Callaway. Aleck Fruite lived on Nine Mile Prairie,
and was the first postmaster in that part of the county. He was
a hunter and trapper, and devoted most of his time to those occu-
pations. His stock of fire wood gave out once, during a very
cold spell of weather, and he and his family had a good prospect
of freezing before them, until a bright idea struck him. He took
down the wooden chimney of his cabin, hung a blanket across
the fire place, and then built a fire of the sticks of his dismantled
chimney in the middle of his cabin, the smoke ascending through
the roof. By this means they kept from freezing until the weather
moderated. Mr. Fruite was opposed to slavery, being what was
then called an AboUtionist, and in 1832 he removed to Illinois, so
he could live in a free State. Enoch Fruite also settled on
Nine Mile Prairie, and devoted the principal part of his time to
hunting and trapping. He was elected a Justice of the Peace,
and became an influential citizen of the county. He finally sold
out and removed to Monroe county. Some time afterward he
had occasion to visit his old neighborhood, and while crossing

CALLAWAY COUNTY 331

the prairies in Audrain county, on his way to Callaway, he
caught four young wolves, and carried them in his saddle bags
to the house of William B. Douglass, whose wife kept them for
iiim, in a chicken coop, until he returned home. The scalps of
those wolves paid his taxes for two years.

FiTZHUGH. — John Fitzhugh was a soldier of the revolutionary
war. His youngest son, Alexander C, married Nancy Cason,
and settled in Pike county, Mo., in 1823. Their children were —
John, Thomas, Sarah, Lucy, Ann, Elizabeth, Hart, Mary, Per-
melia, and Frances, most of whom married and settled in Calla-
way county.

FisHKii. — William Fisher, of Virginia, married Susan Peck,
and they had — Thomas, James, Elizabeth, William, Joseph,
Richard, Margaret, Charles W., and Mary. Thomas married
Isabella Humphreys, of Virginia, and settled in St. Charles
county. Mo., in 1819, and the following year he removed to Cal-
laway county. His children were — Mary J., William H., Susan,
Isabella, and Elizabeth. Joseph Fisher married Mary Craighead,
and settled in Callaway county in 1826. His children were^
William R., Charles P., Mary J., Elizabeth G., James M., Rich-
ard B., Joseph S., Sarah M., Catharine F. V., and Cordelia A.
William Fisher, Jr., settled in St. Louis. The members of the
Fisher family are nearly all zealous Methodists.

Ferrier. — Nathaniel Ferrier, of East Tennessee, settled in
Callaway county in 1817. His two sons, Thomas and Samuel,
and his nephew Thomas (better known as "Long Tom") came
with him from Tennessee. Thomas, the son of Nathaniel Fer-
rier, married the widow of James H. Goodrich. Samuel married
Alice Shannon, daughter of James Shannon, who was the first
settler on Hancock's Prairie, in Callaway county. Mr. Shannon
was a Catholic, and donated four acres of land to his church, upon
which he also built a house of worship. He was a native of Ire-
land, where he married. After his marriage he decided to emigrate
to America, but being too poor to bring his wife, he came over
by himself, and after he had made money enough he sent for her.
He met her in St. Louis, where they celebrated the event by
drinking liberal draughts of the liquid which elevates the soul
and makes the spirit glad. They drank a little too much, and
began to quarrel about the time they were married, one claiming
that is was during a certain year, and the other that it was alto-
gether a different year. Being unable to agree, they decided to
settle the matter by getting married again ; so they repaired to a
convenient priest and were soon made one again. Samuel Fer-
rier, in his old age, removed to Washington Territory, and soon
afterward wrote a glowing letter back to his cousin. Long Tom
Ferrier, who was then about eighty years old, telling him that deer,
bears, and bee trees were abundantout there. Long Tom was so

332 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

captivated by the destription that he shouldered his gun the next
day after the receipt of the letter, and, with his dogs following at
hiy heels, started for the distant land of promise, on foot.

Ferguson. — John Ferguson, of Virginia, whose f9,ther was a
sea captain, married Frances Lucas, and settled in Callawaj'
county in 1820. They had — Moses, Ann, John, Sarah, Nancy,
Swan, Napoleon, and Mary. Moses married Jane Pew, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1824. Ann married Arthur Neal, who
settled in that county in 1820. John married Peggy Pew, and
settled in Callaway county in 1820. Sarah married Braddock
Beasley, who settled in Callaway county in 1833. Nancy married
Henry Neal, who settled in Callaway county in 1820. Major
Swan Ferguson was born in Virginia in 179G. He married Jane
Holloway, and settled in Cotesandessein, Callaway county, in
1820. He purchased a farm and lived upon it forty-six years,
and raised and educated seven cliildren, six of whom are living.
On a certain occasion, as he was returning from Santa Fe, New
Mexico, he was surrounded by Indians, but cut his way through
them and escaped in the midst of a shower of arrows. Major
Ferguson is now in his 80th year, and lives Avith his son-in-law,
Colonel C. W. Samuels, who was formerly a member of the Leg-
islature, and is now a merchant at Cedar City. Napoleon
Ferguson married Elizabeth Allen, and settled in Callawaj'
county in 1820. Mary married Milton Cleveland, who settled in
Callaway county in 1820.

Foster. — Richard Foster, of Prince Edward county, Va., had a
son named James, who married Eliza Taylor, by whom he had —
George, William, Philip, Louisa, Ann, Eliza, Judith, Edmonia,
and John J. The latter married Sarah Gilcrease, of Virginia, by
whom he had — George and William. Mr. Foster settled in Calla-
way county in 1837.

Ferguson. — Joshua Ferguson, of Fairfax county, Va., was a
wagon master in the revolutionary war. After the close of the
war he settled in Kentucky, where he married Mary Stone, by
whom he had — John S., William, James, Polly, Sally, Nancy,
Elizabeth, and Rachel. Mr, Ferguson came to Missouri and
settled in Callaway county in 1817. His son, John S., married
Mary Jones, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county the
same year his father did. He had fifteen children, twelve of
whom lived to be grown, viz. : Thomas J., Elizabeth, John R,,
William S., Joshua, J., Sarah, Marion, Louisa, Nancy, Emma,
Jane, and Lucy. Joshua aqd Thomas built the first court house
at Fulton, in 1826, for which they received $1,300. Such a house
could not be built now for less than four or five thousand dollars.
James Ferguson married Mary A. McGruder, of Kentucky, and
settled in Callaway county in 1817. Rebecca married Dennis
Askrens, who settled in Callaway county in 1817. Nancy mar-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 333

rred George Hirscli, who settled in Callaway county in 1823.
Galbretii. — Torcal Galbretli, of North Carolina, married a
Miss Calvin, and settled in Callaway county in 1819. They had —
Neal, Catharine, Isabella, Mary, and Elizabeth. Neal died un-
married. Catharine died at the age of seventy years. She never
married. Isabella married Robert Graham. Mary married her
cousin, Daniel Galbreth. P^lizabeth also married her cousin,
James Galbreth. She was married the second time to Newton
Carpenter. Torcal Galbreth was married the second time to
Catharine Graham, and they had — Agnes, John, Daniel, Sally A.,
Margaret; and James.

Glendy. — John and William Glend}', of Scotland, came to Amer-
ica at an early date, and in 1796 John was a Presbyterian minister
in the city of Philadelphia. William was married twice, his second
wife being Anna Robinson, of Augusta county, Va. They had —
John, David, Samuel, Thomas, William, Jr., Robert, and Mary.
Samuel married Mary Shields, and settled in Callaway county,
Mo., in 1829. Thomas married Ellen Shields, and settled in that
county the same year. Samuel is a politician, and very few
persons can out-talk him.

Grant* — Israel Grant, of Scott county, Ky., married Susan
Bryan, a daughter of James Bryan, and niece of Daniel Boone's
wife. They had three children — James, William, and Israel B.
Mr. Grant died when his youngest son was quite small, and James
the elder, educated his brothers from the proceeds of their father's
farm. When Israel B. was fifteen years of age he came to Mis-
souri with his uncle, Jonathan Bryan, and taught school one year,
when he returned Kentucky, and began the study of medicine.
But he soon grew tired of medicine, and bound himself to a silver
smith at Lexington, Ky., to learn that trade, his term of appren-
ticeship to last five years. After the expiration of his appren-
ticeship he came to St. Louis, Mo., and worked at his trade five
years in that city. He then paid a visit* to his uncle, Jonathan
Bryan, who persuaded him to quit his trade and go to farming.
He accompanied his nephew to Callatfay county, where the latter
entered a tract of land, and then returned to Kentucky, where,
on the 28th of March, 1820, he was married to Letitia Warren.
He brought his bride to her new home in Callaway county the
same spring. Mr. Grant was elected County Judge several times,
and served two terms in the State Legislature. During Christmas
of 1835, he was killed by two of his negro slaves, as he was re-
turning from Fulton, where he had gone to collect some money.
One of the negroes was named Jacob. They were both hanged,
and Jacob's skeleton remained in a doctor's office in Danville for
many years, James Grant was married twice ; first to a Miss
Easton, and second to Sally Hunt. He settled in Callaway
county in 1823, where he became an influential citizen, and rep-

334 riONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUUI

resented the county in the Legislature one term. He was also
Judge of the Count}'' Court for some time. He subsequentl}' re-
moved to the southwestern part of the State, and settled on the
Neosho river, where he died. "William Grant enlisted as a private
soldier in the war of 1812, and was soon afterward promoted for
gallantry to the rank of Lieutenant. He was killed at the disas-
trous battle known as Dudley's Defeat, under the following cir-
cumstances. After the defeat and capture of the American forces,
they were driven under guard into an enclosure, where the In-
dians at once began to rob them of their money, watches, etc.
Grant still had his sword, whicli had not been taken from him, and
was standing with it in his hand, conversing with a friend.
Captain Micajah McClenny, when an Indian came up
and demanded the weapon. Grant turned to McClenny and said,
"They will kill us anyhow, and I intend to sell my life as dearly
as possible," and dropping the point of his sword to the level of
the Indian's breast he plunged it through his body to the hilt,
killing him in his tracks. The next instant Grant's body was
pierced with a hundred rifle balls, and he fell dead at the feet of
his friend. McClenny w^as not hurt, but was afterward exchang-
ed and lived to be an old man. Grant was married before he
entered the ai'my, to Miss Mosbey, and they had a son named
William, Jr., generally known as Captain Billy Grant. He was
married in 1820, to Sally A. Warren, of Kentucky, and settled in
Callaway county. Mo., the following year. His house was the
first one in Callaway count}' that had glass windows and a stair-
case, and people came twenty and thirty miles to look at it. The
names of Captain Grant's -children were — Thomas W., James E.,
Samuel, Sally W., Mar}' L., Agnes, Elizabeth, Eveline H., and
Martha. Captain Grant died in 1849, aild his widow in 1875.
Sally W. married Joseph I. Grant, a son of Samuel M. Grant,
and they settled in Callaway county in 1834, Mrs. Grant died in
1875. Israel Boone Gr^int, who was known as Licking Grant,
because he came from Licking river, Ky. , was a son of Squire B.
Grant and Susan Hand. He settled in Fulton, Callaway county,
and was County Clerk for twenty-one years. The names of Mr.
Grant's children were — James, Moses, Robert, William T., John,
Agnes. Martha, and Mary.

Gilbert. — The children of Michael Gilbert, of Franklin
county, Va., were — Kimwell, Preston, James, and Michael, Jr.
Kiniwell married Mary Smith, and settled in Callaway county in
1834. Michael, Jr., was married first to Elizabeth Ashworth,
and second to Elizabeth Kemp. He also settled in Callaway
county.

G<jODKicH. — Benjamin and James Goodrich, sons of James
Goodrich, Sr., of Tennessee, settled on Coats' Prairie, in Calla-
way county, in 1817. They built a horse mill and a distillery

CALLAWAY COUNTY 335

soon after tUey settled there. James was married in Tennessee,
to Patsey Taylor, and they had — Thomas, Joseph, Mary, Sarah,
Elizabeth and Eilen. His first wife died, and he was married
again tQ Charity Phillips, who is the oldest white person living
that was born in Callaway county. They had — James H., Mar-
tha, Matilda, and John B. Mr. Goodrich was one of the first
grand jurymen of Callaway county, and he donated the ground
upon which the Baptist church called Salem was built.

GiLMAN, — William Gilman, of Virginia, married Mary Mann,
and settled in Kentucky, where he had — George, William J., Eliz-
abeth, Lucy, and Family. George married Sallie Glazebrook,
and settled in Callaway county in 1825. William J. (Dr. Gil-
man) married Laricia Callaway, and settled in Callaway county
in 1829. Emily married John Gibner, who settled in Callaway in
1825.

Glover. — Robert Glover, of Virginia, married Omon Jones,
and they had Jesse and Creed. Jesse was married first to Eliza
Anderson, and second to Susan Williams, and settled in Callway
county in 1832. He was a soldier of the war of 1812. Peter
and Robert Glover settled in Callaway county in 1827. The for-
mer was Secretary of State one term. He married Patsey Mos-
ley. Robert married Patsey Anderson.

Gathright. — William Gathright, of Virginia, had a son Will-
iam who married Jane Woodson, by whom he had — Benjamin,
Matthew W., William, Jr., Thomas M., John S., Malinda, Eliza-
beth, and Jane A. Matthew W. manned Mary J. Withens, of
Virginia, and settled in Callaway county in 1831. His children
were — James W., William B., Matthew W., Jr., John T. Jane
A., Malinda, and Mary E.

Gray. — Alexander Gray, of Scotland, married Elizabeth Fitz-
hugh, and settled in Halifax county, Va. Their children were —
James, John, Alexander, Robert, George, Henry, Elizabeth,
Mai'v, and Sally. George was married in 1799, to Fannie Brooks,
of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county in 1823. His chil-
dren were — John B., Alexander, George W., Martha, Elizabeth,
Rachel, Polly, Fannie, and Anna, all of whom were born in Vir-
ginia, but settled in Callaway county with their parents.

Gilmore. — Thomas Gilmore, of Kentucky, settled in St. Charles
county. Mo., in 1808. He was a ranger in Captain Callaway's
company during the Indian war, and after its close he settled at
a noted place, which has since been known as Gilmore's Springs,
in the western part of St. Charles county. He married India
Ramsey, daughter of Captain William Ramsey, and thoy had —
William, Thomas, Robert, Nathan, Ephraim, and John, all of
whom, except Thomas, who was killed at Callaway's defeat, set-
tled in Callaway county from 1826 to 1830.

Garrett. — Richard Garrett was a soldier of the war of 1812.

336 I'lONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

He married Nancy Weare, of Rlclimond, Va., by whom he had —
James, John W.. Nancy, Frances, and Agnes. James first set-
tled in Warren county. Ivy., where he married a daughter of
Joseph Leet, a soldier of the war of 1812, and removed to Calla-
way countj^ Mo., in 1832. They had — Sarah, Mary V., Mar-
garet H., Nancy, Lucretia, Francis M., Lucy A., Amanda J.,
James T. , and John P.

Garrett. — Stephen Garrett, a Frenchman, settled in Bucking-
ham county, Va. His children were — Stephen, John, David, Eli-
jah, "William, Mary, and Elizabeth. William married Mary Cole-
man, of Virginia, by whom he had — Spillsberry, James, William
B., Stephen, Reuben, John, Elijah, Coleman, Magdalene, Lucy,
and Mary. Spillsberry married Biddie Hockett, and settled in Ralls
county, where he died. James married Nancy Brown, and set-
tled in Tennessee. William B. was born in Buckingham county,
November 1, 1795. When the war of 1812 began he was a mere
boy, but, carried away by the patriotic fervor of the day, he
enlisted and served during the war. He was married on the 3d
of June, 1827, to Mary Ockaman, and came to Missouri in 1829.
He settled on Hancock's Prairie, in Callaway county, where, by
industry and economy, united with good business qualifications,
he made a fortune. He built the first steam mill in Callaway,
from which he realized a good income. His children were — Wil-
son, Jane, Leneus B., Amanda C, John A., William H., Benja-
min F., George W., and James M. Elijah Garrett married Mar-
tha Glover, and settled in Callaway county in 1823. His chil-
dren were — Mary, Eliza, William PI, Martha, Sedona, Chesley,
and Benjamin. James, Ann, and Magdalene all married and set-
tled in Tennessee. Coleman. Mary and Reuben married and set-
tled in Illinois. Stephen settled in south Missouri. John lives
in Virginia, and Lucy married and lived in Kentucky.

Galbreth. — Neal Galbreth, of Scotland, settled on Tar
river in North Carolina. He had a son named Torcal, who mar-
ried a Miss McLooking, and they had — Catharine, Mary, Eliza-
beth, and Neal. He was married the second time to Catharine
Graham, by whom he had— Marion, Ancus, John, Daniel, Sally,
Margaret, and James. Mr. Galbreth removed from North Caro-
lina to Kentucky, and in 1819 he settled on the Auxvasse in Calla-
way county. He built the first water mill in Callaway county, on
that stream. The work was done by John and George W. Burt.
Mr. Galbreth had the plank sawed for his coffin several years be-
fore his death, which occurred in 1825. Sirenus Cox made his
coffin.

Gregory. — William and John Gregory, of Buckingham county,
Va., settled in Callaway county in 1832. The former had mar-
ried Nancy Fuque, by whom he had — John B., Richard F.,
Wilson, and Martha. Mrs. Gregory died, and her husband after-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 337

ward married Nancy Robinson, by whom he had — Thomas J.,
William, Mary, and Sarah. Mr. Gregory is dead, but his widow
still survives. The eldest son, John B., married Isabella Seholl,
and is one of the wealthy men of Callaway county. Richard F.
married Cathaiine Oliver, and lives in Montgomery county, Mo.
Wilson and Martha died unmarried. Thomas J. married
Bettie McCall, and lives in Callaway county. William died
in California, unmarried. Sarah was married first to Samuel
Gilbert, and second to Stokes McCall. Mary married Jolm
Bailey, of Williamsburg. — John, brother of William Gregory, Sr.,
married Elizabeth Fuque, of Virginia, and they had — Hopson,
James H., John D. (a physician), Granville L., Thomas M.,
Eliza, Sarah, and George W. Mr. Gregory was married the
second time to the widow of Jesse SchoU, whose maiden name
was Elizabeth Miller, and died, leaving no children by her. She
is still living. Hopson Gregory was married first to a Miss
Mosley, and second to Martha A. House. James H. married
Mary Seholl, and lives in Callaway county. Dr. John D. was
married first to Sallie A. Groom, and second to Elizabeth Nun-
nelly. He lives in California. Granville L. married Susan Nun-
nelly, and she is now a widow in Callaway county. Thomas M.
went to California, and married there. Ehza died single. Sarah
married John Windsor, who removed to California. George W.
married Mary White, and lives in Montgomery county. The
Gregorys are industrious, energetic people and good citizens, and
stand high in their communities.

Games. — John Games, of Scotland, came to America and set-
tled in Maryland. His children were — Robert, Absalom, James,
Basil, and Rachel. Absalom married Mary Wood, and they had
— Absalom, Jr., John, Gideon, Benjamin and EHzabeth. Absa-
lom, Jr., and John lived in Ohio, and the latter became a member
of the Legislature of that State. Gideon was in the war of 1812,
and was at the battle of the Thames, where the celebrated Tecum-
seh was killed. He saw the great chief fall a'fter he was shot by
Colonel Johnson. Mr. Games was married first to Rachel
Strother, of Kentucky, by whom he had — Mary, Minerva, and
Eliza. He was married the second time to Patsey W. Craig, by
whom he had — Martha, Craig, Catharine, Fanny; Amanda, John,
Benjamin, Gideon, Jr., Alice, and Louisa.

Harding. — Rev. John L. Harding, of England, settled in
Maryland. He had two sons, Elias and Reason. The latter
married Cassandra Ford, and they had — Elias H., Charles, Loyd,
John, Cassandra, Rebecca F., and Eliza. Elias H. married Har-
riet Hall, of Maryland, and they had — William H., Francis L.,
Howard D., John H., Elias H., Amanda, Henrietta, and Emeline.
He was married the second time to Mary Harding, and settled in
Callaway county in 1838.

338 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

Harper. — Nicholas Harper, of Fairfax county, Virginia, had —
Thomas, Walter, Nicholas, Jr., Smith, Sally, Nancy, Rachel, and
Mary. Nicholas, Jr., married Lucy Jameson, and settled in
Callaway county in 1824. He had — Thomas J., Sarah, Louisa,
Elizabeth H., Judith A., and Catharine. Rachel Harper married
Stephen Donahue, and Sally married William Graham.

HuTTS. — Michael Hutts, of Franklin county, Va., married
Susan Owens, and they had — Owens, Nancy, William, Sail}-,
Leonard, Robert, Mahala, Bluford, and Sarah. Bluford was the
only one who came to Missouri. He married Rebecca W. Hippin-
stall, and settled in Callaway county in 1835. They had several
children, and Mrs. Hutts died October 2, 1867.

Hughes. — Reece Hughes of Franklin county, Va. , married
Polly Lyon, and settled in Callaway county, Mo., in 1834. The}'
had — John, William, Elias, Robert, Armistead, Catharine, Poll}',
Lucy, Elizabeth, Sally, and two that died young.

HoBSON. — Dr. Samuel Hobson, of Kentucky, married a daugh-
ter of Judge John Clark, and came to Missouri at an early date.
He settled first in Montgomeiy county, on Camp Branch, where
he lost several of his negro slaves by fever. He then removed
and settled on Nine Mile Prairie, in Callaway county, where he
remained some time, and then removed to Fulton. He had two
children, Winthrop and Joseph. The latter died in his youth,
and the former is a distinguished minister of the Christian
Church. Winthrop was very wild when he was a boy, and was
called one of the worst boys in Callaway county.- He was bound
to have his fun, no matter who suffered by it. Among his vic-
tims was an old colored man named Tom Nichols, whose life be-
. came a burden from the constant badgering of the young scape-
grace. When Winthrop was nearly grown, he was sent off to
school, and remained away several years, during which time he
grew to be a large, portly man. When he came back to Fulton
he met Tom on the street, who failed to recognize him. "Why,
Uncle Tom," said he, "don't you know me?" "No, sah,"
said Tom ; " neber seed you afore, as I knows of." Winthrop
looked at him smilingly for a moment, and then said, "Well, Un-
cle Tom, who was the worst boy you ever saw?" This was suf-
ficient. Tom immediately recognized his old tormentor, and ex-
claimed, "Why, Massa Winthrop, is dis you! Bless God! I
neber would 'o known you in dis world! But what made you so
fat, Massa Winthrop ; has you been drinking whisky ? I bet you
has, 'fore God." This was a pretty rough sally for a divinity stu-
dent, but Hobson took it in good part, laughed at the honest
earnestness of his old friend, and then told him of the change
that had taken place, which greatly astonished Uncle Tom.

Harrison. — Micajah Harrison, of Kentucky, married Mary
Payne, and they had — Albert G., Micajah V., James O., Jilson

CALLAWAY COUNTY 339

P., and Mary. Albert G. married Virginia L. Bledsoe, of Ken-
tucky, and settled in Callaway county in 1832. He had four
sons and two daughters. Mr. Harrison was a prominent lawyer,
and was elected representative in Congress from his district
three times, viz. : 1834, 1836, and 1838. He died in 1839. Mi-
cajah V. Harrison married Dulcinea M. Bledsoe, of Kentucky,
and settled in Callaway county in 1833. He was Chief Clerk of
the House of Representatives of Missouri during six sessions of
the Legislature, and was Sergeant-at-Arms during several other
sessions. He died in June, 1855, and a neat monument was
erected by the State over his grave in the cemetery at Auxvasse
Church. Jilson P. Harrison settled first in Mississippi, and re-
moved from there to New Orleans, where he died. James O.
was a lawyer, and lived in Lexington, Ky. After the death of
Henry Clay he administered upon the estate of that eminent
man. Mary Harrison was married first to Captain Simpson, of
Kentucky, and after his death she married Dr. John Hannor, of
Fulton, Mo., who subsequently removed to Kentucky.

Henderson. — Alexander Henderson, of Augusta county^
Va., had sixteen children, and raised ten of them. The
names of those who lived were — John, Samuel, Joseph, Robert,.
David, Alexander, Jr., William, George, James, and Daniel.
The latter married Martha Steele, of Virginia, and settled on
Auxvasse creek, in Callaway county, in 1823. They had four
children, all of whom were born in Virginia and came to Mis-
souri with their parents. Their names were — Alexander, James
S., John S., and Jane. Alexander married Dicey Finley. Judge
James S. married Emily Boone, daughter of Judge Jesse Boone.
John S. was m&rried twice ; first to Mary Snell, and second to
EHzabeth Pratt. Jane married .Colonel Isaac Tate. Jx)seph
Henderson, brother of Daniel, married Susan Rallef, of Virgfrfia,
and settled in Callaway county in 1835. John married Polly
Burton, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county in 1835,
William married a widow lady named Irvine, and settled in
Audrain county. George and James also settled in Missouri, the
former in Clay county, and the latter in St. Louis. David mar-
ried Ellen Anderson, and they had — Alexander, David, Jr.,.
Joseph, John, William, Margaret, Rachel, Elizabeth, and Elsa.
Alexander, son of David Henderson, Sr., was married first to
Margaret Hart, and second to Elizabeth Morrison. He had ten
children by his two wives. Mr. Henderson settled in Callaway
county at an early date, and taught singing school for a number
of years. It is said that he and George W. Burt sang love songs
so sweetly that the pupils all fell in love with them. David J.,
son of Alexander Henderson, Jr., married Mary R. Blackenburg,
and settled in Callaway county in 1828. They had nine sons and
two daughters.

S40 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

HocKADAY. — Isaac and Amelia Hockaday, of Clark county, Ky.,
Lad the following children — Irvine O., Philip B., Edmund, Isaac
N., Jane, and two other daughters, one of whom married
Thomas Moore, and the other John H. Field. All except Jane
settled in Callaway county at an early date. Judge Irvine O.
Hockadaj' (see portrait on frontispiece) received a good English
education, and at an early age manifested good business qualifi-
cations. When quite young he was appointed to the important
position of cashier of the Clark County, Ky., Bank, and discharged
his duties to the entire satisfaction of his employers. He was
married in 1829 to Emily Mills, daughter of Dr. John and Lucy
Mills, of Winchester, Ky., and in 1821 he resigned his position
as cashier of the bank and came to Missouri. He settled in Calla-
way county, and was appointed the first Circuit and County Clerk,
also Treasurer, which offices he continued to fill for eighteen years,
to the entire satisfaction of the people of the county. He was also
Probate Judge of Callaway county one term, and President of
the Weston Bank, in Fulton, for some time. Judge Hockaday
was a man of superior talents, and associated intimately with such
distinguished men as Edward Bates, Thomas H. Benton, Beverly
Tucker, and Hamilton R. Gamble. He was an influential mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church for a number of years, and en-
joyed the respect and confidence of his brethren and fellow-citi-
zens in the highest degree. He died in 1864, leaving a widow,
who still survives, and a large family of children. One of his
daughters married James L. Stephens, a wealthy and influential
citizen of Columbia, Mo. Another married J. H. Vanmeter, of
Lexington, Kentucky, and died since the decease of her father.
The names of his other children are — Isaac, who lives in Colum-
bia, Mo., Mrs. R. B. Price, Irvine O., Jr., also of Columbia,
Mrs. J. M. McGirk, of Lexington, Mo., Mrs. Dr. A. Wilkerson,of
Fulton, Miss Lizzie, of the same place, and Hon. J. A. Hockaday,
the present able Attorney-General of Missouri. Philip B. , brother of
Judge Irvine O. Hockaday, was an eminent attorney. He married
Maria Hanson, a daughter of Judge Hanson, of Winchester, Ky.,
and came to Missouri in 1821. He settled first in Boone county,
but afterward removed to Montgomery, where he died. The names
of his children were — S. H., Amelia S., Martha J., Isaac, Philip
B., Jr., Serena, and R. W. Isaac N. Hockaday also settled in
Callaway county at an early date, and resided there many years, ;
but he now lives in Pleasant Hill, Mo. He married Catharine
Shortridge, of Callaway county, by whom he had three children.
Mr. Hockaday is an excellent and most highly esteemed citizen.
-Judge George, E. O., John, and James Hockaday, cousins of the
above family, settled in Missouri in 1838. Judge George Hocka-
day married Laura Hart, of Jefferson City, Mo., and raised a large
family. He was a member of the County Court of Callaway

CALLAWAY COUNTY 341

county for six years, and also represented the county in the Leg-
islature one term. He was a good business ruan and a highly
esteemed citizen. John Hockaday was a mei'chant in Fulton for
many years. He married Caroline Scott, of Loutre Island, and
they had three children. He stood high in the community as a
man and citizen, and was respected by all who knew him. James
Hockaday was a successful farmer, and prominent citizen. He
married a Miss Dillard, and they had two children.

HouF. — Peter Houf, of Germany, came to America before the
revolution. He had a son named Peter, who was born in Penn-
sylvania, and who served as a soldier in the war of 1812. Ho
settled in Augusta county, Va., where he married Mary E. Sum-
mers, by whom he had — Susanna, Elizabeth, Henry, David S.,
Jacob, John, Polly, James, William, Martha J., Margaret,
Amanda, and Louisa. Mr. Houf came to Missouri and settled in
Callaway county in 1823, and died in 1851. His widow died in
1870. All the children, except John, who died in childhood, in
Virginia, settled in Missouri.

Harrison. — The Harrison family, of which there are several
members in Callaway county, is one of the most distinguished in
America. It sprang from some of the best blood of England,
and has given to that country and America several of their most
celebrated characters. John, Benjamin, and Thomas Harrison
were sons of a family of English nobility, and were born in the
town of Feuby, Yorkshire. John was born in 1693, and became
a great inventor. Among his inventions were a chronometer and
gridiron. He also invented the pendulum for clocks, for which
the British crown paid him £20,000. He died in Ked Lion
Square, London, in 1776. Benjamin Harrison was born in 1094.
He had two sons, Benjamin and Robert, The former was the
father of Hon. Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, and who was the father of General
William Henry Harrison, President of tlie United States. Robert
Harrison was the fatlier of Hon. Robert Harrison, the great jurist.
Thomas, the younger brother of John and Benjamin Harrison, was
born in 1095. He married Hannah Morrison, of England, by
whom he had six sons — John, Benjamin, Thomas, Jr., Samuel,
Daniel, and James, all of whom came to America after the death
of their parents, and settled in the State of Maryland. When
the revolutionary war began they all enlisted in the American
army, and John and Thomas were soon promoted, the former to
the rank of Captain and the latter to that of Colonel. The other
four brothers were killed, and each left families, but of these we
have no account. Captain John Harrison married a Miss Malone,
of Maryland, and settled in Botetourt county, Va. He had six
sons — Thomas, Samuel, John, Benjamin, Daniel, and James.
Colonel Thomas Harrison never married. He was a shrewd

342 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

business man, and made a great deal of money while in the
army, most of which he invested in lands in the Valley of Vir-
ginia, and at his death he left his property to his nephew,
Thomas, son of Captain John Harrison. This nephew married
Margaret Billops, of Virginia, and removed with his parents to
South Carolina, but returned to Virginia after their deaths, and
settled in Montgomery county. He had ten children by his first
wife, of whom he raised eight, viz. : Edward, John, Thomas,
Samuel, James, Elizabeth, Sarah, and Polly. His second wife
was Nancy Crawley, of Virginia, by whom he had — Nancy,
Margaret, and William D. He was married the third time to
Jane Childress, of Virginia, by whom he had — Cynthia, Andrew
L., Eliza J., and Benjamin R. In the fall of 1819 he removed
with his family to Missouri, and settled on the Booneslick road
in Callaway county, where he died July 3, 1840, in his 75th year.
His eldest son, Edward, died in Virginia. His second son, John,
was born in Boutetourt county, Va., October 7, 1791. (See
portrait ; page 228.) He volunteered in the war of 1812, and was
promoted to the rank of Major. He was married in 1816, to
Mary Crockett, of Virginia, and in 1817 he came to Missouri
with his family, consisting of his wife and one child, Thomas.
He settled first in Saline county, but removed to Boone
in 1819. In 1827 he settled on Harrison's Branch in Callaway
county, where he died February 19, 1874. His wife died
August 1, 1873. Major Harrison had seven children — Thomas,
Crockett, Benjamin F., Samuel, James M., Rebecca, and
Virginia. Thomas and Crockett were blown up on a steam-
boat at New Orleans in 1849, and the former was seriously in-
jured. Thomas, brother of Major John Harrison, married Sarah
Potts, of Virginia, by whom he had — William, John T., Samuel
P., Mary, Nancy, Margaret, and Lucy. He settled on Harri-
son's Branch, in Callaway county, in 1819. In 1832 he went to
St. Louis on business, and on his return died of cholera, at St.
Charles, on the 81 h of June, in the 42d year of his age. His
widow is still living. In early days Mr. Harrison belonged to the
Regulators of Callaway county, and when the Indians, who some-
times passed through the county on their way to Washington
City, would steal anything, or commit other depredations, the
Regulators would catch them and whip them. One day an old
Indian set the woods on fire, and Mr. Harrison caught him and
whipped him, and then took his gun lock off and kept it, so that
he could not shoot any one for revenge. Judge James Harrison
came to Missouri with his brother. Major John Harrison, in 1817,
and settled with him in Saline county. In 1819 he removed to
Boone county, where, in 1821, he married Rebecca Crockett. In
1830 he settled in Audrain county, and the following year he was
appointed presiding Judge of the County Court, by Gov, Boggs,

CALLAWAY COUNTY 343

but resigned the office soon after. He was Justice of the Peace
for a number of years, and was elected to the Legislature three
times. He died in 1875, three days before his 80th birth-day.
He had twelve children — Thomas J.,. Samuel C, John, James,
William, Margaret R., Jane, Mary A., Nancy, Sarah, Virginia,
and Lucy. Samuel, brother of Major John Harrison, left Vir-
ginia for the West in 1819, and was never heard of again. He
was doubtless robbed and murdered, as the route between the
East and West was infested with robbers at various places, at
that time. Elizabeth and Sarah Harrison married and lived in
Virginia. Polly married and settled in Wisconsin. Margaret
married Charles Mclntire, of Audrain county. Nancy married
her cousin, Abner Harrison, of Audrain county. William D. Har-
rison was mariied first to Mary E. Bourn, and after her death he
married her sister, Effie. He lives in Audrain county. Cynthia
married Alfred Kibbe, of Texas. Eliza J. married Jeptha Yates,
of Callaway county, and died September 21, 1873. Andrew L.
and Benjamin R. are bachelors, and live in Callaway county.
James Harrison, son of Captain John Harrison, of the revolution-
ary war, married Louisa Duncan, of South Carolina, and settled
in Washington county. Mo., In 1819, John and Daniel, his
brothers, married and settled in Alabama, and Samuel and Ben-
jamin married and settled in Mississippi.

Hays. — Boone Hays was the son of William Hays, who was
killed by James Davis on Femme Osage creek, in 1804. He
married Lydia Scholl, his cousin, and settled in Darst's Bottom
in 1801. In 1818 he removed to Callaway county, and built the
first horse-mill in his part of the county. His children were —
Hardin, Jesse, Alfred, Wesley, Terilda, Eleanor, Amazon, Cin-
derella, Samuel, Mason, and Mary B. Mr. Hays was married
the second time to a Mrs. Frazier, of Memphis, Tenn., and in
1849 he went to California, where he died soon after. When Mr.
Hays raised his first cabin in Callaway county, he lacked a few
logs of having enough to finish it, and went into the woods to cut
some more. One of the trees in falling slipped ^d broke his
leg, and the severe pain caused him to faint. As he was reeling
and about to fall, John P. Martin, who was standing near, caught
him in his arms, when he too fainted, and they both fell to the
ground together. A man standing near them, but who knew
nothing of Hays' leg being broken, called out, "Hallo there!
are you two drunk again?" Hays had his broken leg splinted
and bound up, and then sat on a stump and gave directions about
the completion of his cabin as if nothing had occurred. He was
a man of iron nerve and robust constitution.

Hatton. —Thomas Hatton, of England, settled in Bedford
county, Va., prior to the revolutionary war. He married Polly
Capton, and they had — Thomas, Benjamin William, and Reuben.

344 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Benjamin and Reuben were soldiers in the revolutionary war, and
the former was killed by the Indians. Reuben married Joanna
Bellew, of Virginiy, and settled in South Carolina. He afterward
removed to Madison county, Ity., with his wife and six childi-en,
on pack-horses. The names of his children at that time were —
Frances, Polly A., William, Robert, Charles, and Nancy. After
they settled in Kentucky they had — Benjamin, Elizabeth, Fleming,
Stewart, Wesley, Thomas, James, Mitchell, and John. Thomas
married Polly Butler, of Kentucky, and settled in Boone Co., Mo.,
in 1819. and the following year he removed to Callaway. Polly
A. married Sf^muel Miller, and settled in Callaway county in
1819

Hume. — AVilliam Hume, of Bath county, Va., mai-ried Sarah
Benson, and renioved to Bourbon county, Ky. They had — Prub,
Jefferson, Gabriel, and Joel. Gabriel married Rachel Ashbrook,
of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county in 1831. He died in
^September, 1838, leaving a widow and eleven children, viz. : Jane,
Benson, Thomas, Benjamin, Willis, Lucinda, Sarah, Ann, Mar-
garet, James, and William D. The latter is now a large stock
dealer, and a wealthy citizen of Callaway county. When he was
married he had to borrow money to pay the parson ; he also bor-
rowed a pair of shoes to wear on that occasion.

HoBSON. — Thomas Hobson, of Cumberland county, Va., had a
son named John, who married Permelia Robinson, and settled in
Callaway county in 1839. He was married the second time to
Elizabeth James, of Callaway county, and by his two wives he
had eight sons and eight daughters. Mr. Hobson was a soldier of
the war of 1812.

Hays. — William Hays, of Mainland, had two children — George
N. and Nellie. His wife died, and he removed to South Caro-
lina, where he married Phoebe Jackson, by whom he had— Otho,
Owen, Charlotte, John, Harmon, William, Patsey, Lavinia, and
Riley. Nelli? married Robert Jones, and settled in Montgomery
county. Mo., in 1827. Harmon came to Missouri with Levi Mc-
Murtry and his family, when he was a boy, and rode a bull calf
most of the way. He settled near Readesville, in Callawaj-.
county, in 1832, and married Minerva Scholl. Since then he has
made a fortune and raised a large family of children.

Holland. — Major John M. Holland, of Frankhn county, Va.,
represented his county in the Legislature twelve years. He mar-
ried a Miss Ferguson, and they had — Peter, John, Andrew,
Johnson, Abraham, Ebenezer, Fanny, Mary, Julia, and Nancy.

Herring. — George Herring, of Virginia, married Elizabeth
Closby, and they had — Jonathan, George, John, and Nathan.
The three last named were soldiers in the war of 1812, and they
afterward married and settled in Callaway county. George mar-

CAIyLAWAY COUNTY 345

ried Lucy Sinco, John married Lucy Carver, and Nathan mafried
Susan Hill.

HoLMAN. — Edward, the son of Henry Holman, of Maryland,
married Abigail Williams, and their son Henry was married first
to Eliza Jones, of Kentucky, by whom he had two sons and five
daughters. After the death of his first wife he married Nancy
Nash, of Missouri, and settled in Callaway county in 1820.
Rosetta, daughter of Henry Holman, Sr., married David Darst,
who settled in Darst's Bottom in 1798. Jesse, son of Henry
Holman, Sr., was a noted lawyer of Indiana, and a son of his is
a representative in Congress from that State.

Howe. — Rev. Joseph Howe, of Pennsylvania, was a Presbyte-
rian minister, but unlike ministers in general, he was wealthy. At
his death he willed $20,000 to pay a church debt, and divided the
remainder of his property into nine equal parts, eight of which
were for his eight children, and the ninth was to be given to "the
Lord." His children were — Isaac, Harvey, John D., James,
Cynthia, Maria, Jane, and Eliza. Isaac married Jane Boyd, and
settled in Callawaj'' county at an early date. His children were —
Wallace, Thomas, John, David, Harvey, James, Jane, Margaret,
and Mary A. Harvey and John D., brothers of Isaac, also set-
tled in Callaway county. The latter was married first to Sally Par-
nell, and second to Margaret Henderson. James married Ann C.
Baker. Cynthia married David D. Davis. Maria married Jiimes
Jameson. Jane married Jacob Coons. Eliza was married first
to Joseph Henderson, and second to Mr. McAdoff".

Hopkins. — Charles Hopkins was an Episcopal minister of En-
gland, but came to America and settled in Goochland county,
Va. He was married twice, and had nineteen sons and two
daughters. One of his sons, named John, married Mary Luck,
of Virginia, by whom he had — George B., William L., Nancy,
Adelia, Lucy, Polly, and Sarah. George B. married Ann
Withens, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in
1831. He served as Judge of the County Court for twenty years.
In 1835 he was elected Colonel of militia, and served until 1845.
His children were — James A., Anna E., Marion L., John A.,
and Edward W. Mrs. Hopkins died in 1852, and he afterward
married Mrs. Ann Gray, who died in 1873.

HoRNBucKLE. — William Hornbuckle, of Virginia, married Jane
Harding;; and settled in North Carolina, from whence he removed
to Kentucky, and in 1821 he settled in Callaway county, Mo.
His children were — Thomas, Richard, Harding, Alfred, Rufus,
Nancy, Dubby, Rebecca, Peggy, Susan, and Sally, all of whom
settled in Callaway county.

Horde. — Killes Horde, of Culpepper county, Va., had — Alex-
I ander, Daniel, Lewis, Edwin, Catharine, and Minnie. Alexander

* married Agnes Jones, and settled in Callaway county in 1837.

k

346 riONKER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

They bad — Robert J., Richard L., Alexander, Julia A,, Mary
C, and Sarah J. Robert J. was born deaf and dumb. He mar-
ried Martha Jones, and they had two children who are deaf and
dumb also. Richard L. married Mary T. Heard, of "Virginia.
Alexander married Mary T. Jones, of Missouri. Julia A. mar-
ried John Carby, of Virginia. Mary C. married John Waller,
of Virginia. Sarah J. married Robert Davis, of Missouri.

Hyten..— Joseph Hyten, of Maryland, married Priscilla Cay-
wood, and their son, Josiah, married Rebecca Caywood, and
settled in Montgomery county, Ky., in 1810. Their children
were — William, Stephen H., and Otho. Stephen H. was in the
war of 1812. He married Nancy McGary, and settled in Calla-
way county in 1830. Their children were — Sampson, Landrum,
Stephen, Susan, Mary, Malinda, Rebecca, Nancy, and Amanda.

Humphreys. — The children of John Humphreys, of Greenbriar
county, Va., were — Rachel, Samuel, James, William, EHzabeth,
and Polly. Richard married Elizabeth Nevens, and settled in
Callaway county in 1818. Samuel married Susan Smart, and
settled in Callaway county in 1821. The rest of the children
settled in that county the same year.

Hamilton. — Archibald Hamilton was a native of the northern
part of Ireland, but came to America and settled in Augusta Co.,
Va. He had three sons — William, John, and Andrew. William
married Patience Craig, a daughter of Rev. Jesse Craig,* and
they had — Isabella, Jane, Frances, Mary, Joanna, Rebecca,
John C, Hugh, and Andrew. John C. married Sarah Craig, of
Virginia, and they had — James C, Mary, John, Robert, Eliza J.,
Isabella, Sarah, and Frances. Mr. Hamilton settled in Callaway
Co., Mo., in 1837. — Hugh, the son of William Hamilton, Sr.,
married Elizabeth Clark, and settled in Saline Co., Mo. His
brother Andrew married Nancy Craig, and settled in Callaway
county in 1829. They had — James, William C, Elizabeth,
Rebecca, Hugh, John S., Mary, and Margaret. Mr. Hamilton's
first wife died, and he was married the second time to Elizabeth
Callison. Joanna, daughter of William Hamilton, married Sam-
uel Wilson, who settled in Callaway county in 1832. Rebecca
married Brydon Wilson, who settled in Callaway county in 1832.
Frances married Robert Neal, who settled in that county in 1829.
— John Hamilton, a distant relative of the above family, settled
in Callaway county in 1820. His wife was Peggy C. BaskinS.

*Rev. Jesse Craig was the first Presbyterian minister who settled west of the
Blue Ridge Mountains. On the 28th of July, 1747, he assisted in laying the corner
stone of the first Presbyterian Church erected west of those mountains, and on that
occasion delivered the following address: "This is the day set apart, my friends, to
lay the corner stone of the first church west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, over which
I i)ronounce this unpremeditated benediction— 'May He who is the Layer of this cor-
ner stone prosper the work and countenance this hope as long as it shall be used for
His glory. Amen.'"

CALLAWAY COUNTY 347

He was a fast runner, and ran a race one day, with an Indian,
for a horn of powder. He won the powder, and then the Indian
wanted to run the race over again; but Hamilton could not see
the matter in that light. The children of John Hamilton were —
Anna R., William B., James G., John, Agnes G., Thomas S.,
George "W., and Charles H. Anna R. married Albert G. Boone.
Agnes G. married John H, Hamilton, of Montgomery City. The
Hamiltons were a sober, industrious, hospitable class of people
and highly esteemed by all their neighbors and acquaintances.

Hawkins — John Hawkins, of Scott (ounty, Ky., married
Sarah Johnson, and they had — John, Philip, William, Margaret,
Sally, Fanny, and Nancy. William married Lydia T. Francis,
of Kentucky, and settled in Howard county, Mo., in 1816. They
had — John, William, Mary J., Granville, and Henry. William
married Catharine W. Shelby, and settled in Caliaway county in
1832. He raised a large family of children.

Holt. — Timothy Holt, of Halifax county, Va., married Eliza-
beth Chambers, and they had — Abner, Hiram, Robert, John,
William, Lucy E,, Elizabeth, Jane, and Ann. Abner married
Elizabeth Brooks, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county in
1819. They had — Timothy, James, Robert, John, William P.,
Hiram, Abner, Jr., Elijah, Susan, and E^lizabeth C. Hiram, son
of Timothy Holt, Sr., was married twice, his first wife being Jane
Stanfleld, and his second her sister Nancy. He settled in Calla-
way county in 1826. His children were — Ann, William, Abner,
Elizabeth, Jane, Emeline, Mary, Margaret, Lucy, Hiram, Jr.,
and Ashley.

Jackson. — William J, Jackson was born in Chester, England,
and was an only child. He came to America in 1788 and settled
in Maryland, where he became a large tobacco grower. He mar-
ried Mary Belt, and they had two sons and two daughters ; but
only one of their children, Richard B., lived to be grown. In
1811 he went to Kentucky and settled in Scott county, where he
subsequently filled several offices of honor and responsibility. In
1816 he married Clarissa Green well, by whom he had — William
J., Caroline E., Thomas J., Clarissa, Richard B., and Robert W.
Mr. Jackson settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1831, and in
183'1 he was elected door-keeper of the House of Representatives
at Jefferson City, which office he filled in a highly creditable
manner for twenty-one years. He was also Marshal of the Su-
preme Court for several years. He died in 1855, in the 66th
year of his age. A handsome monument was subsequently
erected to his memory by the State. His son, William J., mar-
ried Sarah E, Wren. He has been a Justice of the Peace for
many years, and has performed the marriage ceremony for more
than a hundred couples. He married an entire family of thirteen
persons at $1 each. He was also a great hunter in early days,

348 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

and devoted a considerable portion of his time to that exciting
pursuit. One day, while out with a party of hunters, they came
upon an old bear, which they found to be a tough customer. He
killed or wounded all their dogs, and having shot all their am-
munition away at him without bringing him down, they drove him
into a neighbor's horse-lot, and killed .him with their knives.
Thomas J. Jackson, brother of William J., married Orientha
Sharp, Richard B. and Robert W. were killed during the late
war between the North and South. Caroline E. married a Mr.
Broadwater, and Clarissa married a Mr. Foster.
^ Jones. — WilHam Jones was a Captain in the American armj''
during the revolutionivry war, and was killed at the battle of
Guilford Court House. He had a son named David, who mar-
ried Elizabeth Mosley, of Buckingham county, Va., and settled
in Callaway county. Mo., in 1838. He was Postmaster at Will-
iamsburg for some time. His children were Eliza, Robert M.,
Permelia, Walker, William A., and Louisa W. EHza married
James S. Mosley. William A. married Mary E. Venable, and set-
tled in Missouri in 1831. Louisa W. married John Hobson, who
settled in Callaway county in 1838.

Jameson. — James Jameson, of Virginia, married Lucy Hack-
ney, by whom he had — John, James, Thomas, David,' William,
Zachariah, Judith, Margaret, and Nancy. Mr. Jameson removed
to Kentucky in 1789. His eldest son, John, married Jalee Reeds,
of Virginia, by whom he had — James, Samuel, Thomas, John,
Isaac N., Sarah, Lucy, Judith, Elizabeth, and Amanda. Mr.
Jameson settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1824. His son
James lived and died in Kentucky. Samuel married Malinda
Harris, and settled in Callaway county, where they had — TiraH.,
James, Samuel, Sally A., Jalee, Minerva, Susan, and Mary.
Thomas Jameson was married first to Margaret V. Martin, and
second to the widow of Philip George, whose maiden name was
C. A. Sallee. Col. John Jameson was born March 6, 1802. He
possessed a superior order of mind, was an able speaker and
reasoner, and was twice elected to Congress from his district. He
wielded a large influence in that bodj', and ably represented his
constituents. He died January 24, 1857. (See portrait on page
228). He married Susan Harris, and they had — John H., Eliza-
beth, Sallie T., and Malinda R. Isaac N. Jameson married Miss
A. P. Smith, and died twenty-eight days after. Sarah married
John Litton. Lucy married Nicholas Harper, and they had —
John, Albert, Thomas J., Sarah, Louisa, Elizabeth, and Judith.
Judith Jameson married Charles Yeater, and they had — John,
Joseph, and Sarah. Elizabeth married Henry Wright, and they
had Jameson and Jalee. All of the above settled in Callawaj'
and Audrain counties.

Jones. — John Jones, of Mercer county, Ky., married Elizabeth

CALLAWAY COUNTY 349

Wren, and they had — Tilman, Nancy, Polly, Robert, Margaret,
Elizabeth, Hezekiah, and William. Robert was married first to
Ellen Hays, and second to Tillie C. Simpson. His children were
— John, Elizabeth, Mary, and George. Mr. Jones settled in
Callaway county in 1831. Hezekiah, his brother, settled in that
county the same year. -He married JElizabeth Perkins, and they
had — Elvira, Newton, Elizabeth, Milton, Virginia, Nancy,
Thomas, Tilley, Lucy, and Nathaniel.

Kemp. — John Kemp, of England, married a Miss Craighead,
and settled in Franklin county, Va. They had — Thomas, Robert,
William, Jordan, John, and Martha. John married Fannie Dud-
ley, and settled in Callaway county in 1832. They had — Dudley,
Jordan, William, Milley, and Polly. Thomas Kemp married
Esther Maxey, of Virginia, and they had — Walter, John, William,
Rob«rt, James, Mary, Martha, Susan, Nancy, Lucy, Joanna,
Elizabeth, and Sarah W. Walter married Jerusha Key, and set-
tled in Callaway county, in 1832. William married Delila Kemp,
his cousin, and settled in Callaway county in 1834. Robert mar-
ried Mary Holland, and settled in Callaway county in I834.
James married the widow of Robert Craighead, and settled in
Callaway county in 1834. Sarah W. was married first to Pet er
H. Holland, who settled in Callaway county in 1836. After his
death she married John Steel.

KiDWELL — Zedekiah Kid well, of Fairfax county, Va., was born in
England. His children were — Washington R., Albert, Zedekiah,
Charles F., George W., Eglantine, Sarah, Virginia, and Mary.
Washington R. was married at Willard's Hotel, in Washington
City, in 1835, to Mary A. Wheeler, of Maryland, and settled in
Callaway county. Mo., in 1839. They had— William L., John
S., Z. K., Albert, Rebecca E., Mary W., Josephine, Eglantine,
Salli^, and Rosa W. Mr. Kidwell died in 1864. He represented
Callaway county in the' Legislature one term.

Kelley. — James Kelley, of Virginia, was of Irish descent. He
married Hannah George, and they had — John R., Mahala Y., and
Williamson. Mr. Kelley was Captain of a ship, and was lost in a
storm- at sea, which also wrecked his vessel. John R. and Mahala
Y. Kelley died in childhood. Williamson married Elizabeth B.
Bragg, daughter of Henry Bragg and Dinah W. Talbott, of Nor-
folk, Va., by whom he had three sons and one daughter. Mr.
Kelley was a merchant in Virginia, and when he came to Mis-
souri he brought his goods with him, and opened the first store
in Martinsburg, Montgomery county.

Kitchen. — Thomas Kitchen, of Smith county, Tennessee, mar-
ried the widow of James Goodrich, and settled on Coats' Prairie
in Callaway county, in 1817. He had no children, but adopted a
little girl named Lizzie Linnville, who was five years of age at
the time. When she was grown she married her adopted father,

350 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

his first wife having died. He -was seventy years of age at the
time. Mr. Kitchen's first wife was a member of the Old Baptist
Church at Salem, but he never joined because he could not tell
his experience, from the fact that he had none to tell. But he
officiated with the members, and was the business man of the
institution, which led to his being called a dry land member.
When Captain John Baker's mill was being built on Loutre creek,
Kitchen, who was a carpenter, assisted in the work, and one day
he slipped and fell from the top of the mill into the creek, and
struck a catfish, which he mashed into jelly, but escaped unhurt
himself. After this event he declared that he was no lonsrer a
a dry land member, as he had been thoroughly baptized. He
also called himself Thomas Jonah Kitchen, because he, like Jonah
of old, had been saved by a fish.

Key. — George Key served in the revolutionary war four years.
He afterward married Susannah Craighead, of Franklin county,
Va,, and in 1831, at the age of 78 years, he came to Missouri,
and settled in Callaway county. His children were — George T.,
Martin, Susan, Jerusha, Adonijah, Arphaxad, and Joanna.
Jerusha married Walter Kemp, and settled in Callaway county in
1831. Joanna married Albert Agee, who settled in Callaway
county in 1830.

King. — Stephen M. King, of Maryland, settled in Kentuckj' at
an earlj'^ date, and married a Miss Nelson, by whom he had a son
named Stephen. The latter was married first to a German lady,
who died ; he then married Cynthia Chaney, who also died, and
he afterward married a widow lady named Bruner, who was a
daughter of a Mr. Strood, of Clark county, Ky., who was a great
Indian fighter. Mr. King Had nine children by his three wives
and was an early settler of Callaway county.

Kemper. — Tilman Kemper was a soldier of the revolutionary
war. He settled first in Culpepper county, Va., where he'mar-
ried Dinah Hitt, by whom he had fifteen children. He subse-
quently removed to Bryan's Station, in Kentucky, with three of
his children, Thomas, Anna, and Benjamin. The latter married
Sally Adams, and they had a son named Abraham, who studied
medicine when he was grown and becamis a physician. He mar-
ried Sophia Wainscott, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway
county in 1830,

Kennon. — John Kennon, of Louisa county, Va., was the son of
Joseph Kennon. He married his cousin, Martha Kennon, and
settled in Callaway county in 1831. He lost his wife, and was
married again to Julia Snell.

Knight. — James Knight, of Maryland, married Nancy Will-
iams, and settled in Fleming county, Ky., where they had — John,
William, Elijah, Wesley, James, Selatha, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and
Sally. William Married Eliza Hornbuckle, and settled in Calla-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 351

way county in 1825. They had — James F., Sally, Wesley H.»
Rebecca A., Amanda, Elizabeth A., William S., and John H.

Leepek. — James Leeper and his wife, whose maiden name was
Margaret Henderson, were natives of Nicholas county, Ky. In
1829 they came to Missouri, and Mr. Leeper bought a New
Madrid claim of 640 acres, near Concord, in Callaway county^
upon which he settled. His children were — Ellen, Susan, Eliza-
beth, Louisa, Isabella C, Amanda, John, David, James A., and
William C. Mr. Leeper was a soldier of the war of 1812.

Langtrye — William and Hillery Langtrye came to America
from Ireland, and settled in Madison county, Va. Hillery was a
bachelor, and was in the employ of the government at Washing-
ton City for a number of years. In 1861 he returned to his
native country, and died there in 1869. His brother William
married Kitty B. Arbuckle, of Madison county, Va., and they
had — Hillery J., Anna, Archibald, Margaret, and William. Anna
was married first to William Gray, of Callaway county, and
second to Joseph Allen, of the same county. Archibald married
Elizabeth Hamilton, and settled in Callaway county in 1837,
Margaret married Madison McMullen, who settled in Callaway
county in 1838. William married Sarah Hamilton, and settled
in Callaway county in 1836.

Larch. — John Larch, of Pennsylvania, had four sons and two
daughters — Christopher, Joseph, Michael, John, Barbara, and
Jane. Christopher and Michael settled on Clinch river, in Vir-
ginia. Joseph was killed at the battle of Tippecanoe. John
married Margaret Long, of Maryland, and they had — Daniel,
Joseph, John, Abraham, Isaac, Jonathan, Catharine, Rachel,
Mary, and Eve. Daniel settled in Montgomery county, Md., in
1820, and mai-ried Elizabeth S. Johnson. Joseph settled in Calla-
way county in 1822, and married Narcissa Davis, by whom he
had twelve children. Daniel and Joseph Larch are both living,
the former in his 78th year, and the latter in his 76th. Daniel
owned a tanyard on Loutre creek, many years ago, and bought
a great many hides in Lincoln county, which he conveyed to his
tanyard by tying them to his horse's tail and dragging them on
the ground, a distance of twenty miles.

Lawrence. — David Lawrence, of Ireland, came to America,
married a Miss McKinney, and settled in Shelby county, Ky.
His children were — Mary A. , Thomas, James M. , Elizabeth, and
David. Mary A. was married first to Richard Bowen, and they
had — Judith A., Elizabeth, William, Richard, Mary E., and Effle
Mr. Bowen died in Kentucky, and his widow subsequently mar-
ried William Rodman, who settled in Callaway county. They
had Margaret and Susan, Thomas Lawrence settled in Callaway
county in 1824. He married Sally Riddle, and they had — Dur-
rett, David, Thomas, James, and Russell. James M. married

352 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Lucy D. Martin, and settled in Callaway county in 1823. They
had — David R., William M., James T., Mary A., Peggy R., and
LarissaW. Elizabeth Lawrence married James Metcalf, of Ken-
tucky. David married Elizabeth Scofield, of Kentucky.

Lail. — John Lail was born while his parents were prisoners in
an Indian camp in Kentucky. When he was grown he married
Susan Williams, a;id settled in Harrison county, Ky. They had —
George, John, Charles, Elijah, Nancy, Margaret, Jane, Lucinda,
Elizabeth, and Susan. George, John, Charles, Margaret and
Susan all married and remained in Kentucky. Nancy married
and lived in Indiana. Jane was married first to John Speirs, and
after his death she married Edward Wingfield, who settled in
Montgomery county, Mo., in 1834. Elizabeth was married first
to Noah Coil, and second to Mr. A. Hall. She has twelve chil-
dren living. Lucinda married Elijah Coil, by whom she had six
children. Elijah married Harriet Allen, of Kentucky, by whom
he had fourteen children. He died in 1869, leaving his children
all well off.

Larrimore. — Abraham Larrimore, of Madison county, Ky., had
one child, EHza, by his first wife. He was married the second
time to Mary Davis, of Kentucky, by whom he had^— Samuel,
^ancy, Henry, Elizabeth, Silas, Sally, Phoebe, John, Mary, and Su-
san, Nancy married Burgess iBlliott, who settled in Buchanan
county. Mo. Elizabeth married Fielding Lane, who settled in
Jackson county. Sally married Loudon Burk, and also settled in
Jackson county. Phoebe married Allen Cox, and settled in Bu-
chanan county. Henry married Jane Thomas, and settled in
Callaway county in 1835. He is one of the fine stock raisers of
Missouri, and his herd of thoroughbreds is not surpassed by any
in the State.

Langley. — Moses Langley, of Georgia, settled in Callaway
county in 1817. His children were — Moses, Isaac, Jane, Carter,
John, CoUett, Agnes, Uley, Sally, Polly, and Elizabeth, all of
whom married and settled in Callaway county. Moses married
Polly Clanton. Isaac married Nancy Chandler. James married
Matilda Haynes. John married Lucy Boyd. Collett married
Theresa Evans. Uley married Collett Haynes. Sallie married
her cousin, William Langley.

Love. — Charles Love, of Maryland, married Polly Barnes, and
removed to Prince William county, Va. They had — William,
Philip, Thomas, Samuel, John, Margaret, Luncinda, Harriet, and
Emily, all of whchn, except Thomas, who, died in Virginia, set-
tled in Bourbon county, Ky. Philip married Elizabeth Sparks,
of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1828. His
children were — Charles, James (a physician), Margaret A., Mary
F., Lucinda J., Thomas S., William H., John W., Robert T.,
Emily, and Stephen.

CALLAWAY COUNTY 353

Lynes. — The parents of Joseph Lynes died when he was a small
boy, and he was raised by his aunt, Mrs. Wayne. When he was
grown he married Mary Miller, of Kentucky, and settled in St.
Louis county, Mo., in 1805. In 1819 he removed to Boone
county. His children were — William, Jefferson, Washington,
Madison, Harrison, Jackson, Perry, Elizabeth, Malinda, and
Paulina. Jeiferson, Washington, and Jackson married and set-
tled in Callaway county, the two latter in 1836, and the former in
1831. Jeflterson married Catharine Suggett, Washington married
Susan Suggett, and Jackson married Mary E. Hervey.

Martin. — George Martin, of Virginia, married Elizabeth Rus-
sell, and they had a son named Russell, who was a soldier of the
revolutionary war. He married Peggy Vaughn, a daughter of
Cornelius Vaughn, of Caroline county, Va., and settled first ia
Kentucky, from whence he removed to Callaway county in 1826.
His children were — Nancy V., Lucy D., Fanny, John T., Will-
iam, and Samuel P. Nancy V. married Matthew McGill. Lucy
D. married James M. Lawrence, who settled in Callaway county
in 1824. Fanny married Henry Vaughter, of Kentucky. John
T. married Lucy Wayne. William married Peggy Wright, and
settled in Callaway county in 1824. He was married the second
time to the widow of James Davis. He founded Martinsburg, in
Audrain county. Samuel P. was married first to Judith D.
Wright, and settled in Callaway county in 1824. He was married
the second time to the widow Sally Turner. Mr. Martin is an
Old School Baptist, and a State's rights Democrat of the purest
water. In early days he was a great wolf hunter. On a certain
occasion he went into a wolfs den, killed the old ones, and
brought out eight young ones alive. He paid his taxes for two years
with the scalps of the latter. On another occasion he attacked a
gang of nine large wolves that had followed a neighbor of his, an
old man, several miles, trying to kill and devour him and his
horse. Mr. Martin killed three out of the nine with a club,
while sitting on his horse.

McMahan. — John McMahan, Jr., of Ireland, came to America
before the revolution, and settled in Roan county, N. C. In 1780
he went to Bryan's Station, in Kentucky, where he lost his wife.
He afterward married a daughter of Israel Boone, a brother of
Daniel Boone, by whom he had — James, Jesse, William, John,
and David. He was married the third time, but had no children
by his last wife. Jesse McMahan married Polly Fox, and settled
in Callaway county in 1827. His children were — John, Richard,
Shem, George, and Sophia. Jesse McMahan came to Missouri
in 1800, with a party of hunters, on a hunting expedition, and
while on Loutre Prairie they found a man living alone in a mis-
erable hut, and devoting his time to hunting and trapping. They

354 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

took dinner with him one day, which consisted of nothing more
than potatoes and buffalo milk.

McKiNNEY.^-Major James McKinney, of Virginia, removed to
Kentucky and settled at Crab Orchard. In 1818 he came to Mis-
souri and settled in St. Charles, where he remained two years,
engaged in hauling wood to town and selling it to the citizens.
In 1820 he bought Amos Kibbe's place in the southern part of
Grand Praii-ie, Callaway county, and settled there. He was mar-
ried in Kentucky to Levisa Whitney, and they had — Liberty,
Esther L., Charles, Sally A., Samuel, William, and Freeman.
Major McKinney was a member of the Ironside Baptist Church,
and the second organization of that church in Callaway county
was effected at his house. He was an intelligent man and a use-
ful citizen, and served as County Judge from 1827 to 1832. He
had twelye brothers, three of whom were killed in the revolution-
ary war. One of his brothers, Abraham, settled in Randolph
county. Mo., at an early date, and was a great hunter. Liberty,
eldest son of Major James McKinney, never married, and died
in New Orleans. Esther L. married Nathaniel Craig. Charles
married Mary A. Craig. Sally A. married George McCredi.
Samuel married Hortense McLane. William married and settled
in Kansas. Freeman joined General Walker's expedition against
Central America, and was killed with his commander.

Martin. — John P. Martin is the son of Bailey Martin, of Vir-
ginia. He married Sally Hatcher, of Richmond, and settled in
Callaway county. Mo., in the spring of 1819. They had three
childred — Permelia, Polly A., and William J, Mrs. Martin died
in September, 1873, in her 79th j'ear, but her husband is still liv-
ing, in his 83d year. He has been one of the most successful
farmers of Callaway county, and has accumulated a fortune.
In early days he raised cotton and flax, which his wife spun and
wove into cloth. She made her loom with her own hands, and it
was the first loom in Callaway county.

McCall. — Robert McCall, of Ireland, came to America and
settled in Franklin countjN Va., from whence he removed to
Bruke' county, N. C. His children were — -William, James,
Robert, Samuel, Henry, Alexander, Nancy, and Jennie. William
married Malinda Holland, by whom he had — Peter H., Lydia,
Robert H., Jane, William S., Mary L,, James E., John M.,
Thomas F., and Frances, nearly all of whom settled on and near
Coats' Prairie, in Callaway county, from 1834 to 1837. Robert
H. married Elizabeth M. Gilbert, and they were the parents of
Dr. William S. McCall. The Doctor says that when he was
learning to crawl his mother put sheep skin gloves on his hands,
and padded his knees with sheep skin, so he could crawl over the
rough puncheon floor without getting splinters in his hands and
knees. Jane McCall married WiUiam Bell, who settled in Calla-

CALLAWAY COONTT 355

way county in 1839. William S. was married first to Martha
Smith, and second to the widow Gilbert. He settled in Callaway
county in 1839. Mary L. married Stephen Smith, who settled in
Callaway county in 1839. James E. married Angeline Gilbert,
and settled in Callaway county in 1834. Frances married Thomas
Gilbert, and settled in Callaway county in 1846.

Moore. — William Moore married Hannah Ramsey, and settled
in Kentucky, where he had — William, Wharton, John, Thomas,
Henry, Charles C, Samuel, Mary, Elizabeth, and Nanc}^ Whar-
ton married Polly Browning, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county in 1819. His children were — William G., James B., John
B., Wharton H., Charles C, Mary C, Nancy S., Elizabeth, and
Margaret J. Samuel Moore married Emily Tarleton, and settled
in Callaway county in 1820. His children were — William, Alfred
J., Merideth T., and John H. After the death of his first wife
Mr. Moore mai-ried Catharine Tarleton, and they had one daugh-
ter, Emily. Mary Moore married James Gray, who settled in
Callaway county in 1824. They had, Virginia, Mary F., Caro-
line, William, John, and Wharton. Elizabeth Moore married Henry
Brite, who settled in Callaway county in 1813, but afterward re-
moved to Texas, where he died. Their children were — William,
Charles, Wharton, Thomas, Barton, Lucas, Hannah, Anna, and
Eliza. Nancy Moore married Judge Benjamin Young, who set-
tled in Callaway county in 1820. They had Mary, Margaret,
Elizabeth, and William.

Murphy. — Augustus H. Murphy, of Louisville, Ky., settled in
Callaway county in 1829. He married Nancy Curry, by whom
he had — Augustus C, Richard T., John, William, Margaret A.,
Sarah J., Susan J., and Charles W.

Murray. — Robert Murray and his family came from Scotland
to America on the first ship that sailed after the revolution. They
settled in Fauquier county, Va., and one of their sons, named
John, married Dorcas Robinson, and settled at BuUett Station,
Ky. His children were — Jesse, John, Enoch, Alfi*ed, James,
Joseph, Nancy, and Dorcas. John was killed at Dudley's De-
feat in the war of 1812. Enoch was born in 1779. He married
Jemima Gray, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway county. Mo.,
in 1817. At that time he had one son, Andrew R., and after his
settlement in Callaway county the following children were born —
Benjamin F., EUzabeth B., and Nancy G.

MosELEY. — Drury Mosely, of Tennessee, married Mary Thomas,
by whom he had a son named Benjamin L., who married Eliza
Thomas, and settled in Callaway county in 1828. His children
were — John, Robert, Joseph, Benjamin, Andrew, Jr., Frances,
Sarah J., Susan E., and EHza.

McClelland. — William McClelland, of Pennsylvania, married

356 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Martha Miller, by whom he had — Jane, Martha, Robert, "William,
Elisha, and James. Robert married Elizabeth Amos, and settled
in Callaway county in 1827. His children were — William,
Thomas, James, Elisha, Joseph, Elizabeth, and Martha. Elisha,
son of William McClelland, Sr., married Sally James, and settled
in Boone county. Mo., in 1827. His children were — Mary J.,
Martha, John, and James. James, son of William McClelland,
Sr. , married Polly Hunt, and settled in Boone county in 1826.
His children were — Elizabeth, Julia, Oliver, Mary A., James,
Noah, and Robert.

Metej^r. — William Meteer married Nancy Kirkpatrick, and
settled in Callaway county in 1826. Their children were — Polly,
Catharine, Jane and John. Mr. Meteer was married the second
time to the widow Miller, by whom he had — Samuel, Sally, Ann,
and Virginia.

Miller. — Abner Miller, of North Carolina, was married three
times, and settled in Kentucky. His (.-hildren were — Aaron, John,
Henry, Jacob, Dolly, James, Margaret, Sally and Matilda. John
married Margaret Fowler, and settled in Callaway county in
1823. Henry married Elizabeth Oliver, and settled in that
county 1826. His children were — William B., Isaac, Henry,
John, George W., Lucinda, Elizabeth, Rachel, and Harriet.

Moseley. — The children of Arthur Moseley, of Virginia, were —
Arthur, Daniel, Robert, William, John, Judith, Martha, and
Thomas. John and Thomas settled in Kentucky in 1796. The
latter married Magdalene Guerrant, by whom he had — Daniel P.,
Robert, Thomas, John, Polly, Magdalene, Patsey, Elizabeth, Ju-
dith, Louisiana, and Peter. John settled in Callaway county. Mo.,
in 1829, and married Sophia McMahan. Magdalene married
Edward Sallee, who settled in Callaway county in 1829. They
had thirteen children. Patsey married Peter Glover, who settled
in Callaway county in 1827. They had ten children. Judith
was married first to John Moseley, and after his death she married
Thomas Swearinger, who settled in Montgomery county. Mo.,
in 1834, Louisiana married Glover Smith, who settled in Callaway
county in 1827.

Manning. — Stephen Manning settled ia Callaway county in
1825. His brother Asa had settled in Montgomery county at a
much earlier date. Stephen Manning came from Warren county,
Ky., where he married Sally Leet, by whom he had — Asa,
Robert, Rozelda, and Nancy J. Mrs. Manning was a very large
woman, but her husband was very small, and his neighbors used
to tease him a good deal about his diminutiveness. He would
reply by saying that he and Sally would make as good a man as
any of them.

May. — ^Harry May settled on May's Prairie, in Callaway

CALLAWAY COUNTY 357

county, in 1820, where he built a horse-mill and opened a race
track. This race track became a place of note in those early
times, and a great many races were run upon it. On a certain
occasion the Willinghams and Kilgores, of Audrain county, bor-
rowed Sanford Jameson's fine race nag, Janus, filled her mane
and tail full of sheep burs, and took her to May's race track to
run against a crack pony known as Nick Biddle, which had been
brought from Kentucky by Thomas, David, and Singleton
Shehan. The mare presented such a poor appearance with the
burs in her mane and tail, that the bets were all in favor of the
pony, and nearly' every one present staked some money
on the favorite. Colonel Jeff. Jones, who was a boy then, was
there with $7:50 in his pocket, and he bet $5 of his money on the
pony. When the race came off" the mare beat the pony 250 yards
in a run of 600, and there were some pretty long faces in the crowd
that witnessed the result. Mr. Jameson afterward sold his little
mare to a gentleman from Louisiana, for a large sum of money,
and the latter won $80,000 with her while he kept her. She made
the fastest time on record in the United States, in a race of 600
yards. Mr. Maj^'s children were — Gabriel, Hannah (Mrs.
Joseph Sitten), Frances (Mrs. Stewart), Susan (Mrs. Crump),
Matilda (Mrs. Robert Arm), Richard, John, and Harry, Jr.

McFarlane. — George McFarlane was the only son of Duncan
and Maria McFarlane, of Scotland. He was born January 12,
1796, and received a classical education from his father, who
taught forty-six years in a parish school in Scotland, and was a
finely educated man. George subsequently studied law at Edin-
burg, and then wrote and studied several years more in a lawyer's
office in Glasgow. In 182 1 he came to the United States, and
landed at Philadelphia. The vessel was forty-nine days in mak-
ing the trip, which is now made in less than eight by the steamers
that ply between Europe and America. Mr. McFarlane remained
in Philadelphia a short time, and then went to New Orleans as
supercargo of a trading vessel. In 1823 he came West, and set-
tled in Boone county, Mo., where he taught school two years.
He then (1825) settled in Callaway county, a few miles north of
Fulton, where he resided until his death, which occurred in April,
1866, from injuries received by falling out of a wagon. He never
practiced law in America, but would occasionally write a deed or
other legal instrument for the accommodation of his neighbors.
He married Catharine Bennett, of Boone county, formerly of
Madison county, Ky., and they had — William W. (who is a phys-
ician), Mary M., George B., and John D. Mrs. McFarlane is
still living (1876), in Callaway county.

McPheeters. — Alexander McPheeters, of Ireland, settled in
Virginia, and married Jane Campbell, of Augusta county, by
whom he had eight children. His eldest son, Alexander, was mar-

358 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ried first to Jane Kelso, by whom he had five children. He was
married the second time to Florence Henderson, by whom he had
two sons, Robert and William. He was married the third time
to a widow lady named Arnott, of Kentucky. Robert and Will-
iam McPheeters settled in Callaway county, Mo., in 1839. The
former married Jane McKee, of Kentucky, and the latter married
Mary R. Henderson, daughter of David Henderson, of Kentucky,
Maddox. — Sherwood Maddox, of Fauquier county, Va., mar-
ried Elizabeth Ferguson, and in 1795 they removed to Scott
county, K3\ Their children were — James, Jacob M., Sherwood,
David, Larkin, Frances, and Ehzabath. James and Jacob M.
married and remained in Kentucky. Sherwood married Ameri-
ca M. Jones, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1830. His-
children were — Uriah, Wilson, David, Jacob, Irvin, Mary E.,
Catharine, Henry L., Larkin, and Elizabeth. Larkin married
Jane Powers, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county in

1825. They came to Missouri in an ox cart, drawn by a yoke of
oxen and a blind horse, and after they settled in Callaway county
he and his wife used to ride the horse and one of the oxen to
church, frequently going a distance of fifteen or twenty miles,
and back home the same day. After the death of Mrs. Maddox
her husband married Emeline Belcher, of Cass county. He had
twelve children by his two wires. Mr. Maddox was an outspoken
Southern sympathizer during the late war, and fearing that the
government would confiscate a large body of land which he
owned in Johnson county, he deeded it to a friend to hold for
him until the troubles were all settled. The next day he was
killed by an accident on the cars, and the friend to whom he had
entrusted so much endeavored to keep the land, but had to relin-
quish it after four years of litigation. Mr. Maddox was killed in
the early part of 1865, about the close of the war. David and
Elizabeth, brother and sister of Larkin Maddox, remained in
Kentucky. Uriah and Wilson died unmarried in Callaway
county. Jacob married Louisa E. Morris. Irvin is a bachelor.
Mary E. married Samuel Harrison. Catharine married Thomas
Harrison. Henry S. married Nancy Mclntire.

Miller. — William Miller, of Pennsylvania, settled in Bourbon
county, Ky., in 1778. He had — Robert, Thomas, William, Mot-
ley, Jane, and two others whose names could not be obtained.
Thomas married a Miss Dodd, and feettled in Callaway county in

1826. He laid off and founded the town of Millersburg. His
children were — James, Sally, and William. Horace Miller, son
of John Miller and Caroline West, of Millersburg, Ky., settled in
Callaway county in 1834. He married Nancy Vernon, of Bour-
bon county, Ky. The other children of John Miller were — John
T., Alvin W., Marguery, Robert W., Joseph A., Richard S., Je-
mima W. , and Preston A. , all of whom came to Missouri except

CALLAWAY COUNTY 359

the latter. Stephen Miller, of Maryland, had ten sons and one
daughter. Four of his sons came to Missouri. Their names
wer.e Philip, William, and Abraham. Philip was married twice ;
first to a Miss Richardson, and second to Lucy Mclntire, He
had twenty-one children by his two wives, and gave each of them
a quarter section of land when they were grown. William Miller
settled in St. Louis county in 1798, and removed to Callaway
county and settled in Millersburg in 1831. He was such a large
man that he could hardly pass through the door of a house. He
was a ranger in Nathan Boone's company in 1814. He married
Jane Martin, and they had — Elizabeth, David, Martin A., Allen
D., Luretha, and Harriet. Elizabeth married Albert Caruth.
David died in Callaway county. Martin A. was married first to
Jane Miller, by whom he had ten children. After her death he
married Mrs. Ramsey, whose maiden name was Sally D. Miller.
Allen D. married Maria Reed, of Kentuci^y. Luretha married
Zadoc Barnes. Harriet married J. E. Zerley. Abraham Miller
settled in Callaway county in 1818. He married Polly Rule, of
Kentucky, by whom he had — Warden, William B., Minerva,
James W., Noah W., Telemachus, Leander, Lycurgus, Vernile,
and Barton S., all of whom settled in Callaway county. Samuel
Miller was a carpenter by trade. He settled in St. Louis county
in 1817, where he married Polly A. Hatton. In 1819 he settled in
Callaway county, and built the jail at Elizabeth in 1821. His
children were — William P., James E., Albert H., Wesley G.,
Benjamin M. (a physician)j John O., Elizabeth A., Angeline,
Cordelia, Catharine, and Frances. Wesley G. Miller is a distin-
guished Methodist minister, and Professor of Theology in Cen-
tral College at Fayette, Mo. Samuel Miller died in 1858, and his
remains were taken up in 1875 and reinterred in the cemetery at
Miller's Church. They were found to be in a perfectly sound
state when the grave was opened. Mrs. Miller is still living, in
her 88th year. (See portrait on frontispiece.) She resides with
her youngest son, on the old homestead, and takes great pleasure
in recounting the perils and adventures of pioneer life in Missouri.
She was the first member of the Methodist Chui'ch in Callaway
county, and the first class of that denomination was organized in
her little cabin, 16x18 feet in size, in 1819. Preaching was held
there regularly for thirty years, and her house was often filled,
night and day, with people who had come to hear the gospel
preached. They frequently came as far as twenty and thirty miles,
and she would borrow beds from her neighbors for them to sleep
upon. The men would bring their guns and dogs with them. The
guns were stacked in one corner of the house, while the dogs
remained outside and fought. On one occasion the dogs treed a
catamount during services, which were immediately closed so that
all could go and witness the fight. The first election in Callaway

360 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOUKI

county was held under a large oak tree near Mrs. Miller's house,
and she had to cook dinner for the "big men," as she called
them, while the rest sat around trees and ate gingerbread that they
had brought with them.

Moss — Frederick Moss, of Virginia, married Sarah Tompkins,
by whom he had — ^John, Edward, WiUiam, Pleasant, James, Ma-
son, and four daughters. Mason married Catharine Hogan, by
whom he had — William, James, John, and Sarah. He was mar-
ried the second time to Lucy Hickman, by whom he had — David
H., Margaret, Benjamin F., Henry W., Clara, Thomas T., Nancy
B., and Charles. Mr. Moss settled in Callaway county in 1825.

MooRE. — John Moore, of Ireland, emigrated to America and
settled in Halifax county, Va. He had three sons — Bird, Ai:mi-
stead, and Tarleton. The latter married Elizabeth Stanfield, of
Virginia, by whom he had — Sarah, Banks, Armistead, Catharine,
and Edwin. Banks married Elizabeth J. Wilson, of Virginia,
and settled in Callaway county in 1837. He had five sons and
three daughters. Bird, son of Bird Moore, Sr., married Anna
G. Sitten, of Callaway county, who died, and he afterward mar-
ried Sarah Blackwell.

McDonald. — Joseph McDonald, of New York, was married
first to Elizabeth Ogden, and settled in Henderson county, Ky.,
where they lived until 1818, when they removed to Boone county.
Mo. Their children were — Daniel, Susan, Hiram, Nash, and
Joseph. Mr. McDonald was married the second time to Nancy
WilUngham, and they had — Icham, Cash, Giles, Clark, Nancy,
Pinckney, and Sally. Joseph, Icham, Susan, and Nash live in
Ohio, and Cash, Giles, Clark, Nancy and Sally live in Texas.

McGary. — Major Hugh H. McGary, who, it will be remembered,
took a prominent part in the battle of Blue Licks, Ky., (see page
34), settled in that State and was married several times. His
children were — Daniel, Robert, William R., Hugh, John, Jesse,
James, Elizabeth, Nancy, Rosa, and Sally. William R. married
Patsey Davis, of Virginia, by whom he had — James D., Hugh H.
and America I. James D. manned Nancy Murray, and settled
m Callaway county in 1822. He was a member of the Legisla-
ture one term, and is now living in Texas, Hugh H. married
Susan Davis, and settled in Callaway county in 1831. He was
married the second time to Rosetta Ewing. America I. married
Thomas W. Langley, who settled in Callaway county in 1838.
She is now a Widow and resides in Howard county, Missouri.

McCracken. — Ovid, Cyrus, Isaac, William, Seneca, and
Elizabeth McCracken were born in Ireland, but came to America
prior to the revolution. Ovid manied and settled in Indiana.
Cyrus settled in Kentucky, and died, leaving five children. Isaac
was Captain of a company of Kentucky militia, and was killed at

CALLAWAY COUNTY 361

the disastrous battle of Blue Licks. He left a widow and two
daughters. William was also Captain of a company in the same
battle, and was likewise killed. When Colonel Logan's ai-my
returned to the battle field the next day, his body was found and
buried in an old house, which was burned to prevent the Indians
from finding the grave. His remains were afterward taken up
and buried at Lexington, Ky. Seneca was married first to Re-
becca Williams, and second to Rebecca Reynolds. Elizabeth
married John Hamilton, who settled in Warren county. Mo.
Otho, a son of Cyrus McCracken, is now living in Callaway
county, in his 86th year. He was a soldier of the war of 1812.
He was married in 1832, to Jane Bell, of Kentucky, who died in
1840, leaving two children. He afterward married Sarah Wilson,
by whom he had three children. She died in 1875. Mr. Mc-
Cracken is noted for his wit and humor, and the felicitious
manner in which he can crack a joke. He can tell anecdotes all
day, and never repeat the same one ; but he rarely smiles
even in his most humorous moments.

McClanahan. — Robert McClanahan married Elizabeth McCluer,
and they had — Margaret, Jolm, and Sophronia. Margaret mar-
ried and lived in Indiana. John married Mary Griffith, of
Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county, Mo., in 1832. They
had — Robert, Margaret, James N., Amanda S., Nancy S., John,
and Samuel W. Mr. McClanahan was married the second time
to Jane Martin, of Kentucky.

McCamey. — Robert McCamey, of Pennsylvania, married Ro-
sanna McConnell, and settled in Kentucky. They had — Nancy,
Rosa, Margaret, Elizabeth, Polly, John, and Robert. Nancy
married James McAfee, who settled in Boone county. Mo., in
1826. John was married first to Margaret McAfee, of Kentucky,
and after her death he married Margaret Adams, of the same
State, and settled in Missouri in 1828. Robert settled in Calla-
way county in 1826. He married Susan McAfee, of Kentucky, by
whom he had — Lucinda, WiUiam A., Amanda, James I., Joseph,
and John. Lucinda married Joseph Bennett, and is now a widow,
with four children. Joseph and John died unmarried. James I.
is still living, unmarried. Amanda married Charles H. Brown,
Sr, William H. married Angeline Scott.

Martein. — Abram Martein was a native of France. He came
to American and settled in Virginia. He had a son named
Nicholas, who settled first in North Carolina, and in 1804 he came
to Missouri and settled in Callaway county. His children were —
William, Abraham, Louis, Robert, Elizabeth, and Polly. Will-
iam, better known as Esquire Billy Martein, was born in 1786.
He served as a soldier in the war of 1812, furnishing his own
outfit and paying his own expenses during the entire war. On

362 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

one occasion he assisted in capturing 100 Indians. He was mar-
ried in December, 1818, to Winifred Hardyshell, and settled in
Callaway county in 1820. He was Justice of the Peace for
twenty-one years, and was a zealous member of the Regular Bap-
tist Church. He died in 1872, leaving a widow and twelve
children. Mrs. Martein died in 1813. The names of their chil-
dren were — Nicholas P., John L., George W., William B.,
Cynthia, Malinda J., Mary A., Martha C, Louisa W., Caroline
M., Elizabeth C, and Virginia.

Nichols. — John Nichols, of Bedford Co., Va., had — Archa,
John, Frail, Elisha, Jesse, Catharine, and Jane. Archa married
Julia Hatcher, of Bedford county, and they had — Daniel, Bartley
C, Elizabeth. Catharine, Byer, Lucy, Julia, and Patsey. Bartley
C. married Polly Richardson, and settled in Callaway county in
1836. His first wife died, and he was married the second time to
Martha j. Love.

Neal. — Joseph Neal and his family settled in Callaway county
in 1831. His children at that time were — William, George,
Joseph J., Thomas, John, Benjamin, Carroll A., and Mary A. —
Benjamin, brother of Joseph Neal, Jr. , married a Miss Walker, and
settled in Callaway county in 1831.

Nash. — William Nash, Jr., of England, came to America and
settled in Virginia, where he married a widow lady named Brad-
ford, whose maiden name was Mary Morgan. Mr. Nash subse-
quently removed to Tennessee. His children were — Ira, Eliza-
beth, and William. Ira married and settled in St. Charles
county. Mo., in 1801. William married Rebecca Leitchworth,
and settled in St. Charles county in 1813, from whence he re-
moved to Callaway county in 1816. His children were — Ira, Al-
fred, James, Jesse, Allen, Elizabeth, and Nancy.

Ntjsum. — John Nusum was born in England in 1721. He learned
the blacksmith's trade, and came to America in 1757. He died
in 1761, leaving two sons, Robert and William. The latter mar-
ried Margaret Peece, of Virginia, by whom he had — John, Lewis,
William, Robert, Nathan, Conrad, David, Polly, Susan, Elizabeth,
and Sally. John and Robert settled in Callaway county in 1820.
The former had married Sally McLung, of Greenbriar county,
Va., by whom he had — Allen, Lewis, Nathan, Samuel, Nancy,
Mary J., Sally A., and Amanda. Robert married Elizabeth
Guinn, of Virginia, by whom he had — Harvey, William, David,
Rebecca, Julia, Virginia, Ruth, Susan, Sally, and Polly. Harvey
was Judge of the County Court of Callaway county for two
years.

Nevins. — John Nevins, of Ireland, married Winifred Dixon,
came to America, and settled in Greenbriar county, Va. In 1819
he removed to Missouri, and settled Callaway county. His chil-

CALLAWAY COUNTY . 363

dren were — James, Joseph, John, Thomas, Elizabeth, Nancy and
Virginia.

Nichols. — Mr. Nichols, of Pennsylvania, was of German de-
scent. He removed from Pennsylvania to Virginia, married Eliza-
beth Thomas, and afterward removed to Kentucky, and settled in
Clark county, near Bryan's Station, where he died at the age of
98 years. His widow died many years afterward, aged 115 years.
Their children were — George, AVilliam, Robei't, Frederick, James,
Catharine, Frances and Ehzabeth, five of whom lived and died
in Missouri, and three in Kentucky. George was born in Loudon
county, Va., and was married in the same county to Rebecca
Davis, by whom he had — James, William, George, Jr., Garret,
Felix G., Frederick, Elizabeth, Polly, Eveline, Nancy and Sally.
Mr. Nichols removed with his family to Callaway county. Mo., in
1824, and entered the land upon which Fulton is situated. The
town was laid off in 1825, and he donated 50 acres of his land to
the county. Mr. Nichols built the first cabin in Fulton, and had
to go ten miles get men to help him raise it. They came before
sun-rise on the appointed day,' had the cabin completed before the
sun went down, and danced in it the same night. Mr. Felix G.
Nichols, fifth son of George Nichols, Sr., and to whom we are in-
debted for this sketch, is the only member of his father's family
now living in Callaway county. He says that in early days
in that county bread was the most difficult of all things to
get. The first mill he ever saw was a horse-mill with a large
wheel over-head, around which was a raw-hide cable that propell-
ed the stones. A hollow sycamore "gum" was used for both
meal and bolting chest, the latter being turned by hand. When
the blackberry season came in there was always great rejoicing.
They would then throw their corn "dodgers" to tlie dogs, and
"go for" the blackberries with the greatest relish. Buckskin
shirts, pants and moccasins were all the style. At a wedding
which Mr. Nichols attended in 1824, the bride was dressed entn-e-
ly in cotton of her own spinning and weaving, and which she had
also made into garments. The groom wore pants and shirt of
white cotton, and a coat and vest of buckskin, while his low gaiter
shoes wei-e made white with tallow. He came to the bride's home
six hours before the time for the wedding, amd remained until the
appointed hour. They were married by a Hard Shell Baptist
preacher, who was dressed in buckskin from head to foot. Mr.
Nichols married Elizabeth Reno, of Missouri, by whom he had
seven children. His mother, Rebecca Davis, was a daughter of
John Davis, of Wales, who came to America and settled in "Virginia.
His brother Thomas settled in South Carolina. Their father was
a silk merchant in Wales, and left an estate valued at $ 33,-
000,000 of dollars, a portion of which the Nichols heirs are now
sueing for. John Davis was married three times, and had sixteen

364 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

children. He removed from Virginia to Montgomery county, Ky . ,
where he died at the age of 107 years.

OvERFELT. — Matthias Overfelt, of Franklin county, Va., mar-
ried Mary Vineyard, and they had — Charles, John, Michael, and
Mary. Charles settled in Monroe county, Mo. Michael was in
the war of 1812. He married Mary Ayers, of Virginia, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1829. His children were — Aletha,
Irean, Kitburd, Bethena, Mary, Eli, John, Elijah, William, and
Elizabeth.

Oliver. — James Oliver, of Clark county, Ky., married Rachel
Conkwright, and they had — John, James, and Benjamin. James
married Nancy Broughton, of Kentucky, by whom he had — Will-
iam, Richard, Robert, James, Taylor, Thomas, Rachel, Margaret,
Ellen, and George. Margaret married Richard Swearinger. Ra-
chel married R. F. Gregory, of Callaway county. William died
unmarried. The rest of the children are living in Callaway
county, unmarried.

Price. — Samuel Price lived and died in Virginia. He left a
widow and ten children, all of whom came to Missouri and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1836. They were about the first set-
tlers on Grand Prairie, and were a hardy, honest, intelligent, and
highly respected class of people. The names of the children
were — Cyrus, Margaret, Addison, Elizabeth, Sarah, Nancy, Re-
becca, Charles, John, and Mary.

Pledge.— AVilli am Pledge, of England, married Elizabeth
Woodson, and came to America and settled in Goochland county,
Va. Their children were — William, John, Arden, Frank L.,
Elizabeth and Nancy. John was a soldier of the war of 1812.
William married Mary Gray, of Virginia, by whom he had — John
A., Susan A., WilUam N., George F., Thomas G., and Jane.
Mr. Pledge removed first to Ross county, Ohio, in 1824, from
whence he came to Callaway county. Mo., in 1831. Susan A.
married Willis Snell, who settled in Callaway county in 1819.
Jane died single. John A. married Minnie C. Warren, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1819. William N. married Isabella
Luper, and is now living in Callaway county. He served in the
Black Hawk war. Mr. Pledge was not an experienced hunter,
though fond of the sport. One day he killed six buzzards, sup-
posing them to be wild turkeys, and did not discover his mistake
until he had carried them nearly home. Thomas G. Pledge mar-
ried Florence Luper.

Price. — Major Samuel Price, a soldier of the revolutionary
war, died in Greenbriar county, Va., in his 93d year. He was
of Welch descent. He was married twice, and the names of his
children were — Jacob, Samuel, William, James, John, Catharine,
Polly, and Margaret. James settled in Callaway county. Mo. , in

CALLAWAY COUNTY 365

1828, He married Sarah McClentie, and they had — Albert, Jane,
Robert, Margaret, James, Samuel, and Sarah. Mr. Price was a
soldier of the war of 1812. WilUam Price married Sarah "Walker,
and settled in Callaway county in 1830. He also was a soldier of
the war of 1812. His childi^en were — Margaret, Joseph, John,
Elizabeth, Sarah, and William.

Phillips. — John and Jonathan Phillips, sons of Jonathan Phil-
lips, Sr., of East Tennessee, settled in Callaway county in 1817.
John married Nancy Allen, and they had — Andrew, David, Mary,
Jane, Moses, Bethel, Hiram R., Elizabeth, Matilda, Charity, Sa-
rah, Sampson, Eliza, and Rosa.

Peters. — Charles Peters, of Nelson county, Va., settled in
Callaway county, on Auxvasse creek, about the year 1833. He
was married twice. By his first wife he had seven children, but
raised only three, viz. : Oliver, Napoleon, and Lafayette. He
was married the second time to Mary A. Fulkes, by whom he
had — John, Martha, Claiborne, Frank, Samuel, Mary and Maria,
all of whom married and settled in Callaway county, and are all
dead except three.

Pratt. — William Pratt and his wife, both natives of Ireland,
came to America and settled in Smith county, Tennessee. They
had — John, William, and Lavinia. Mrs. Pratt died, and her hus-
band subsequently married Polly Aikens, of Tennessee, by whom
he had — Nancy, Rebecca, Edward, Marj' A., Jerusha, William,
Albert G., Samuel, Araminta, and Carroll. John and William
Pratt came to Missouri -in 1817. The former settled in Clay
county. His wife was Anna Williams, and they both died, leav-
ing four children — Charles W., Ann, Fidelia, and William.
Chales W. married Sally Vaughn, and lives in Callaway county.
Fidelia married John Allen, of Callaway county. — William, son of
William Pratt, Sr., married Jerusha Burchett, of Tennessee, and
settled on Coats' Prairie, in Callaway county, in 1817. His chil-
dren were — John, Thomas J., James M., Lavinia, and Elizabeth.
John died of cholera, in 1833, in his 24th year. Thomas J. was
married in 1839 to Lucinda Petty, by whom he had — James M.,
John M., and Robert. Mr. Pratt was a good citizen and a kind
husband and father. He died in 1876, and his loss was much la-
mented by all who knew him. James Pratt died in childhood, in
Tennessee. Lavina was married first to Oliver Wright, by whom
she had William H. and Mary E. She was married the second
time to James Hamilton, by whom she had one daughter, named
Fannie. Elizabeth Pratt married Hon. John S. Henderson, of
Callaway county.

Palmer. — David Palmer, of New Jersey, married Ruth Davis,
of Virginia, by whom he had — Joel, Harriet, John J., Lucinda,
Thomas N., Adelaide and Marion. Joel, who is still living in

366 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Callaway county, was born in Jefferson county, Va., in 1797. He
volunteered in the war of 1812, and served under General Stans-
bury. He was in the battles of Bladdensburg and Baltimore.
In 1821 he married Amy M. Yates, of Bedford county, Va., by
whom he had — David, Harriet E., Sarah E., Burrell B., Marion,
WilUamB., GarretP., Martha I., Lucy C, JohnN., AmyM., and
Cornelia H. Hari'iet, daughter of David Palmer, Sr., lived and
died in St. Charles county. Mo. John J. is the present editor of
the Kichmond, Va., Enquirer. He has been married three times,
and has but one child. Lucinda Palmer married John Potts,
who settled in Callawaj^ county in 1828. They had — Lydia, John,
Joel, Susan and Caroline. Thomas N. Palmer disappeared in a
very mysterious manner, and was never heard of again. Ade-
laide married and died in Texas, Marion died in his youth.

Pattox. — James Patton, Sr., had — Wilson, John, Thomas,
James Jr. , Margaret and Fanny. Wilson Married Polly Martins,
and settled in Callaway county in 1826. John married Nancy
Duncan, and settled in that county the same year. Thomas mar-
ried Anna E. Duncan, and also settled in Callaway county in 1826.
Margaret married Alexander Hendei'son, who settled in Kentucky.
William married and settled in Callaway county in 1826.

Powell. — Jonathan Powell, of Maryland, married Nancy
Franklin, and they had — Sally, Miranda, Charlotte, and William.
Mr. Powell died in 1815, and his widow afterward married Samuel
Bowles, who came to Callaway county in 1836. Sally Powell
married James Steel. Miranda married Judge Henry Nusum, of
Callaway Co. Charlotte married Daniel Dunhum, of Callaway Co.

Pembertox. — George Pemberton, of Virginia, had a son named
John, who married Lucy Vivion, of Virginia, and settled in Scott
county, Ky. Tliey had — Fanny, Lewis, Vivion, Harvey, Lucin-
da, James, Tandy and Elizabeth, all of whom settled in Boone
and Callaway counties in 1829.

Ratekin. — John Ratekin, of Campbell county, Va., married
Mary Smart, and settled in Montgomery county, Ky., from
whence they emigrated to Callaway county. Mo., in 1828. Their
children were — Anna E., Sarah, Eliza S., Edmund W., Mary S.,
Martha V., Legrand, Miranda, James C, and John G. Anna E.
was married first to James D. Fisher, and second to Colonel Pat-
rick Ewing. Sarah married James Crump, who built the peniten-
tiary and court house at JeflTerson City. Mary S. married Stephen
Boulware. Martha V. married David H. C. Chratham. Miranda
married Thomas Cress. Mr. Ratekin was a mechanic and a natu-
ral genius. He made all of his furniture, knives and forks, table
ware, etc. He also built his own house. He once sold some
mules to a man on credit, and the man stole one of his negroes
and ran off with him and the mules to the South. Four years af-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 367

terward the negro came back home, having run away from the
man to whom he had been sold in the South.

Ramsey. — Jonathan Ramsey was born in Livingston county,
Ky. His father was Josiah Ramsey, who was captured by the In-
dians when he was seven years of age, and remained with them
until he was thirty. He became a celebrated hunter, and settled
in Callaway county, Mo., in 1819. Jonathan was married in
Kentucky, to Hannah Lampkin, by whom he had — Allen, Ewell,
Maria, and Jane. Mr. Ramsey was a delegate to the Constitu-
tional Convention in 1820, and afterward represented Callaway
county in the Legislature for several years. He was also one of
the Commissioners selected to locate the Capital of the State.
He strongly advocated Cotesansdessein as the place, but there
was some dispute about the title to the land upon which the town
was situated, and Jefferson City was selected as the future Capi-
tal. Mr. Ramsey was a shrewd business man, and .accumulated
a fortune before his death. Jane Ramsey married Robert Ew-
ing, of Kentucky, and their son, Hon. Henry Clay Ewing, became
Attorney-General of Missouri.

Riley. — John Riley was born in Ireland. When he was four-
teen years of age he came to America with his parents, and his
uncle Charles Riley, and his aunts Elizabeth and Mary. Thej'^
settled in Pennsylvania, and Charles Riley served as a soldier in
the revolutionary war. John was married in Pennsylvania, to
Mary Straham, and settled in Bourbon county, Ky., in 1793. His
children were — Samuel, Elizabeth, Grizelda, Jane (who was a
mute), Mary, Nancy, Sarah, and John, Jr. After the death of
his first wife Mr. Ramsey married the widow Franks, by whom he
had — Susan, Martha, and Charles. Samuel, now living in Calla-
way county, was in the war of 1812. After the war he made six
trips to New Orleans in flatboats, and walked back to his home
in Kentucky each time, a distance of nine hundred miles. In 1816
he was married to Jane Robertson, of Montgomeiy Co., Ky., and
settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1825. His children were —
William C. (a physician), Mary G., Benjamin S., James M.,
EUza J., John G., Samuel S., Jr., Julia A., George T., Joseph
R. (also a physician), and Fielding S.

Read. — Robert Read, of Tennessee, married a daughter of
Rev. AVilliam Coats, and settled on Coats' Prairie in 1817. He
was a soldier is the war of 1812, and present at the battle of
New Oi'leans. He was postmaster at Fulton for a number of
years. He left no children ; his widow is still living.

Robinson. — Henry Robinson, of Virginia, had two sons, Henry
and Mitchell. The former married a Miss Scott, of Kentucky,
and raised a large family. Mitchell married Nancy Waller, of
Yirginia, and they had a son named Henry, who married Nancy

368 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

A. Fisher, and settled in Pike county, Mo., where he died in
18G0, leaving a widow and seven children. James, another son
of Mitchell Robinson, married Nancy Alford, of Kentucky, and
they had three children. Captain John Robinson, a third son of
Mitchell Robinson, married Mary B. Walter, of Virginia, in 1824,
and removed to Callaway county in 1826. He entered the land
upon which the town of McCredie is now situated. His children
were — Judith A., Agnes J., Walter A., Nancy W., John E.,
Mitchell W., Addison L., and Mary E.

Rice. — Shelton Rice, of Virginia, married Lucy Williams, and
settled in Tennessee. In 1795 he removed to Mercer county,
Ky. His children were — Absalom, Polly, Nancy, Joseph, New-
ton, Harvey, Lucy, and Kittura. Absalom married Ellen Hens-
ley, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1831.
His children were — Amanda, William, Mary and John. Mr. Rice
is a minister of the Christian Church, and he organized the first
church of that faith in Callaway county, in 1833. He and his
wife have lived together fifty years, and a cross word has never
passed between them.

Robinson. — ^Andrew Robinson and wife were born in Ireland,
but came to America and settled in Penns3'lvania previous to the
revolutionary war. Their son James went to Bourbon county,
Ky., during the early settlement of that State, and took part in
the war against the Indians. He married the widow of Samuel
Nesbit, whose maiden name was Elspy Watt. Her first husband
was killed by the Indians. The children of James Robinson
were — Andrew, James S., John, and Joseph. Andrew lives in
Indiana. James and Joseph mai'ried and died in Kentucky.
John married Barbara L. F. Willett, and settled in Callaway Co. ,
Mo., in 1831. His children were — James E., William W.,
Eleanor P., Amanda, Elizabeth, and Viva M. Mr. Robinson is
now in his 80th year, and has been an influential and useful citi-
aen. He was Justice of the Peace in Callaway county for some
time.

Randolph. — The children of Obediuh Randolph, of Virginia,
were — William, Thomas, Edmund, James, Lucy A., and Martha.
Edmund settled in Callaway county in 1828, and married Martha
McClelland, by whom he had — Robert, James, Lucy, Sally, Eliza-
beth, and Thomas. William and Thomas, sons of Obediah Ran-
dolph, settled in Montgomery county. Mo.

Reynolds. — William and James Reynolds were sons of John
Reynolds, of Halifax county, Va. William married Lucy E.
Holt, daughter of Timothy Holt, Sr., and settled in Callaway
county in 1828. His children were — Elizabeth, John, Martha,
Anna, Bedford, Lucy, Ann, Fanny, and James.

Reno. — Francis Reno, was born in France, but came to Amer-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 369

ica after he was grown, and settled in Prince William county,
Va., where he married a Miss Bayliss. Their children were —
Enoch, Frank, George, Bayliss, Millie, Fanny, Dolly, Jane, and
Lydia. Bayliss married Jane Davis, and settled in Fleming
county, Ky., in 1811. They had — Richard D., Matilda, Henry
F., and Elizabeth. Mr. Reno settled in Callaway county in 1831.
Richard D. was married twice ; first to Mary Summers, and
second to Jane H. Davis. He settled in Callaway county in
1826. Matilda married James R. Chalpant, who settled In Calla-
way county in 1829. Henry F. married Sarah Alexander, and
settled in Callaway county in 1829. He sex'ved as Judge of the
County Court several terms. Elizabeth married Felix G. Nichols,
who settled in Callaway county in 1824.

Robertson. — Benjamin Robertson, of North Carolina, married
a Miss Allen, and settled In Montgomery county, Ky. They had —
Polly, Jane, Margaret, Joseph, William, Benjamin, and John A.
Jane married Samuel Riley, of Callaway county. William, who
was a physician, settled In Pike county, Mo., and was drowned
in Spencer's Creek. John A. settled in St. Charles in 1815,
where he married Nancy Kerr, and removed to Callaway county
in 1819.

RiDGEWAY. — Nlnnlan Ridgeway married Martha Redraon, of
Kentucky, and settled In Callaway county In 1823. They had —
John D , William, Zacharla, James R., A. D., Martin H., Mary,
Thomas, Nancy, Martha, and Sarah. William married Paulina
Ralnfro, and they had eight children, all of whom live In Calla-
way county. The rest of the Ridgeway children married and
settled in Callaway, Boone, and Montgomery counties, and are
all living except Thomas, Martha, Nancy, and Sai-ah.

Smith. — James Smith was born and raised In the northern part
of Ireland. In 1783 he emigrated to America and settled in
Bei'ks county, Pa., where he married Jane Blakey, and removed
to Madison county, Ky. Their children were — John, William,
PoUy, Elizabeth, Patsey, James, and David. John married
Nancy Fowler, and died In 1857, leaving a widow and two chil-
dren. William was born In Kentucky, In 1794, and was married
in 1824 to Martha McMichel, daughter of John McMlchel, of S .
Louis county, Mo., by whom he had — James B., John M., Benja-
min, William H., Oliver P., Warren A., Josephine, Martha O.,
and Fielding W. Mr. Smith represented Boone county in the
Legislature one term. Polly, daughter of James Smith, Sr.,
married Henry Anderson, who died without issue. She is now
living in Boone county, a widow. Elizabeth married John Mc-
Callp, of Cooper county, and died without issue. Patsey mar-
ried Thomas Taylor, who settled In Boone county in 1828. They
both died, leaving four sons and two daughters. James, Jr.,
married Nancy Howard, of Kentucky, and settled in Howard

370 I'lONEEK FAMILIE? OF MISSOURI

county Mo. Tliey had seven sons and two daughters. David
Smith married Josephine McMichel, and settled in Boone county.
They had eight sons and four daughters.

Smith. — Hezekiah Smith, of Virginia, was married twice ; first
to the widow Dodson, by whom he had — Thomas, Patsey, and
WilUam. By his second wife he had — Hezekiah, Jr., James, and
Joel. Thomas settled first in Kentucky, but in 1811 he came to
Missouri, and brought with him in his saddle-bags the gun lock
that was on Captain James Callaway's gun when he was killed.
It was a waterproof flint-lock, of a superior pattern, and fitted
so closely that water could not penetrate to the powder. Mr.
Smith served as a ranger in one of Callaway's companies for
some time. He was married first to Polly Darst, daughter of
David Darst, Sr., by whom he had two children. Miles and Saily.
After the death of his first wife Mr. Smith married her sister Eliz-
abeth, by whom he had Burrell, Loyd, Lavinia, Mackey, David,
Bethel, Polly, Cyrus C, Henry, and Zenaz. Mr. Smith was mar-
ried the third time to the widow Craig, and after her death he
was married the fourth time to Mary Hedderston. He settled ir.
Callaway county in 1818, and established Smith's Landing, on
the Missouri river, now called St. Aubert. Mr. Smith was a
wealthy and highly respected citizen. He was a member of the
Old Baptist Church forty-five years.

Smith. — Thomas Smith, of England, came to America and set-
tled in Virginia. His son, Thomas, Jr,, married a Miss Davis,
and settled in South Carolina. The}' had — John, Thomas,
Charles, Moses, and several daughters. John was married first
to Rebecca Jeffers, by whom he had — William, John, and Polly.
He was married the second time to Sarah Moseley, by whom he
had — Nimrod, Abel, Garland, James, Thomas, Edward, Susan,
Nancy, and Lucretia. Nimrod married Celia Gunn, and settled
in Callaway county in 1837. They had — Isaac, William, John,
Thomas, Elizabeth, Sarah J., and Nancy. Mr Smith is still liv-
ing, in his 73d year ; his wife is in her 69th year, and blind.

Swan. — John Swan, of England, came to America and settled
first in Pennsylvania, from whence he removed to Virginia, then
to Kentucky, and in 1815 he came to Missouri and settled on the
St. Francois river, where he died. He was married in Virginia,
to Margaret Coburn, by whom he had — Richard, Polly, John,
Cynthia, Thomas, and Letitia, all of whom came to Missouri.
Ricliard married Nancy Thompson of Kentucky, and settled in
Missouri in 1834. He had four sons and six daughters.

Smith. — Peter Smith was of German descent. He was born in
Maryland, but settled in Montgomery county, Ky. He married
Susan Millroy, and they had — Joseph, William, Margaret, John,
Elizabeth, George L., James, and Polly. George L. was mar-

CALLAWAY COUNTT 371

ried in 1828 to Polly A. Scott, of Kentucky, the ceremony being
performed by the celebrated Deacon Smith. Soon after their
marriage Mr. Smith and his wife packed everything they pos-
sessed on three horses, and came to Missouri. When they
stopped at the house of Mr. Thomas Harrison, on the Boones-
lick road, in Callaway county, they, had just twenty-five cents as
the total of their worldly wealth in cash. Mr. Smith has served
both as Lieutenant and Captain of militia in Callaway county.
James Smith, brother of John L., died in Ralls county, a bach-
elor.

Smith. — James Smith, of Warren county, Va., married Cath-
arine Webb. Their son Tarleton married Lucy Mallory, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1834. They had — Ma'ry T., Permelia
A., Sidney N., James H., Lucy, Tarleton, Frances E., Sarah N.,^
Eliza, and Stephen I.

Scott. — John Scott, of Campbell county, Va., married the
widow of Little Page, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Mat-
thews. They had two children, Matthias and Martha. The latter
died in Virginia, and the former was married in 1804 to Elizabeth
Wayne, of Virginia. They settled in Montgomery county, Ky.,
where they lived twenty-five years, and then, in 1829, they came
to Missouri and settled in Callaway county. They had thirteen
children. After the death of his first wife Mr. Scott married
Elizabeth Barnes, by whom he had one child. He died in 1852,
but his widow still survives.

SxELL. — John Snell and his wife, whose maiden nanm was Eliz-
abeth Watts, removed from Virginia to Scott county, Ky., at an
early date. They had — John, Jr., Willis W., Robert, William,
Joseph, Frank, and Anna. John married Polly Burton, of Vir-
ginia, and settled in Callaway county in 1825. He was married
the second time to Barbara Roth, of Indiana, and by his two
wives he had twenty-six children, thirteen of whom lived to be
grown. The names of the latter were — Lucy, Frank, Greenup,
William, Warfield, Garrett, Anna, Elijah, John R., Carroll, Pollj',
Maria, and Julia. Willis W., brother of John Snell, married
Jane Herndon, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaw&y county in
1825. Their children were — Susan, William, James^ Herndon,
Edward, Willis, and Clay. Mr. Snell was Sheriff of Callavyay
county in 1828 ; he was also a member of the State Senate one
term. Robert Snell married Polly Bianton, and settled in Calla-
way county. He was married the second time to the widow
Simpson, by whom he had several children. William Snell set-
tled in Howard county. Mo. Joseph was killed by his son-in-law,,
in Kentucky. Frank and Anna married and lived and died in;
Kentucky.

Scott. — The children of Reuben Scott, of Kentucky, were —

372 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

John, Martin, William, Reuben, Stephen, Elijah, Thomas, and
Phoebe. Reuben married Jane Gilmore, and settled in Callaway
county in 1827. Their children were — James, Nancy J., Stephen
L., and Silas. Mrs. Scott died, and he afterwar 1 married the
widow Allen, whose maiden name was Mary Steel, by whom he
had — Martha, John A., Mary M., Sarah A., William, Samuel
M., and Andrew Z. William Scott, son of Reuben, Sr., married
Susan Tate, of Kentucky, by whom he had — Eliza, Elizabeth,
WilUam, and Margaret. Stephen Scott married a widow lady
named Montgomery, by whom he had a son named William C,
who settled in Mexico, Mo., in 1852.

SiMco — In Albemarle county, Va., there lived a Mr. Simco
who had three children — James, IJrooks, and Catharine. The
two latter married in Virginia, and lived and died there. James
married Frances Kennedy, of Virginia, by 'v\'hom he had — Mary,
Elizabeth, Lucy, Judith, William, Reuben, Wharton, Samuel,
and John. Mr. Simco was a soldier in the war of 1812, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1836. All of his children came with
him to Missouri except Samuel. Mary married David Sheets,
who died in Virginia. She then married William Hardin, who
settled in Callaway county in 1836. Lucy married George Her-
ron. Judith married John Fletcher. Reuben married Sarah
Hill, and settled in Callaway county in 1834. Wharton married
Julia A. Brockman, of Missouri. John was married twice ; first
to Mary Fletcher, and second to Frances Smith, both of Callaway
county. WilUam died in Mississippi, unmarried.

Scott. — William Scott and his wife, whose maiden name was
Hawthorn, were natives of Pennsylvania, but removed to
Lafayette county, Ky. Their son, William B., was married in
1806 to L3^dia Metcalf, a niece of Governor Metcalf, of Kentucky.
In 1819 they came in a keel-boat to Callaway county, and settled
in the bottom on the Missouri river, six miles below Jefferson
City, where Mr. Scott died, in 1840. Their children were —
Charles M., Mary A., Angeline T., Eveline M., Alexander D.,
George W., Lj'dia, James M., and William V. Charles M. was
married twice ; first to Mary A. Hawkins, and second to Mrs.
McLane. Mary A. Scott married Colonel John Boyd. Angeline
married William H. McCamey. Eveline M. married Robert D.
Irvin. Lydia married William C. Herron. Alexander married
and removed to Texas. George W. married a widow lady named
Daugherty. James M. married Jane Irvin. William V. was a
soldier in the Mexican war, and died unmarried. Mrs. Scott
widow of William B. Scott, Sr., is still living, in her 88th year,
and keeps herself constantly employed making wax flowers and
bed quilts of a superior pattern.

ScHOLL. — ^William Scholl, of England, married a Miss Morgan,
and they had — Peter, Isaac, Aaron, Joseph, John, Sally, Eliza-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 373

beth, and Rachel. Joseph was born in 1755, and died in 1835.
He married Lavinia Boone, daughter of Daniel Boone, and
settled in Clark county, Ky. They had eight children — Jesse B.,
Septimus, Marcus, Joseph, Selah, Marcia, Leah, and Daniel B.
Jesse B. married Elizabeth Miller, of Kentucky, and settled in
St. Charles county, Mo., in 1811. He died in 1839. Septimus
married Sallie Miller, and came to Missouri. His children were
— Nelson, Daniel B., Marcus, Joseph, Cyrus, Catharine, and
Eliza. Marcus Scholl was married twice, and by his second wife
had two sons, Marcus, Jr., and Joseph. Joseph, son of Joseph
Scholl, Sr., married Rebecca V. G. Miller, and settled in Calla-
way county in 1820,. where his wife died in 1829. Their children
were — Oliver P., Cyrus R. M., and James R. Mr. Scholl was
married the second time to Eliza A. Broughton, of Kentucky, by
whom he had — Rebecca, Elizabeth, Catharine, Louisa, Eliza,
Celia, Septimup, Jesse B., Joseph R., Nelson, and Sarah. Mr.
Scholl was a Justice of the Peace in Callaway county for twenty-
two years, and in early days was a great bear and deer hunter.
His second wife, who is still living, often hunted with him, and
has killed several deer. Mr. S. would frequently go into caves
after bears, and was present when Robert Graham had the fight
with the wolf in Loutre creek. He is now in his 76th year, and
his eye sight is so good that he can see to read fine print through
an awl hole in a pair of leather spectacles. — Peter, son of Will-
iam Scholl, of England, married Mary Boone, daughter of
George Boone, a brother of Daniel, by whom he had thirteen
children. Two of his sons, John and Peter, came to Callaway
county, the former in 1830, and the latter in 1826. John married
Cenia Jones, and they had seven children. Peter married Eliza-
beth Hunter, and they had William M. and Mary. The former
was Sheriff of Callaway county in 1875. He married Sallie
Hughes, a daughter of Reese Hughes. Mary Scholl married
Milton Jones, and died some time afterward.

Sayers. — John T. Sayers was born in Virginia in 1758. He
joined the patriot army during the revolutionary war and served
with gallantry during that contest. He married Susan Crockett,
and settled in Wythe county, Va., where they both died. Theijr
children were — Robert, William, Samuel, John T., Margaret,
Easter, Lucy, and Jane. Robert and John T. were in the war of
1812. Samuel married Elizabeth Goes, and settled in Callaway
county in 1833. He died in 1855, leaving a widow, who still sur-
vives, and the following children — Susan C, Elizabeth J., Mai-y
E., Lucy A. M., Helen C, Nancy V., John T., and George-R.

SiTTEN. — Joseph Sitten, of North Carolina, married Dinah
Bick, and they had — John, Jeffrey, Philip, William, Thomas,
Jesse, Lawrence, John, Lydia, Dinah, and Saland. Mr. Sitten
and his family, with the exception of Thomas, who died in Ten-

374 I'lONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

iiessee, settled in Lincoln county, Mo., in 1816. Lawrence, the
seventh son, had settled in St. Charles county in 1808. Jeffrey
married Polly Boslick, of North Carolina, and settled in Callaway
oounty in 1819. His children were — Joseph, John, Benjamin F.,
William M., Vincent R., Thomas B., Polly, Sally, Mahala, Ly-
dia, and Maria. Joseph, son of Jeffrey Sitten, kept the first ho-
tel in Fulton, in 1825.

Sampson. — Hugh Sampson, of Scotland, had a son named
John, who came to America and settled in Madison county, Va.
He married Elizabeth Major, by whom he had but one child, a
son, named John. The latter married Frankie Medley, of Vir-
ginia, and they had one son, also named John. Mr. Sampson
died, and his widow and her son came to Callaway county in 1837.
The latter was married first to Mildred Tinsley, and after her death
he married the widow of George Emerson, whose maiden name was
Nancy §nell. Major Sampson is a very large man, measuring six
feet;six inches without his boots.

SiMMs. — Matthew Simms and his wife, who was a Miss Emory,
removed from North Carolina to Madison county, Ky., in 1779.
Their children were — Nancy, William, Elizabeth, Lucinda, and
Josiah. William married Sally Barnes, of Kentucky, and settled
in Howard county. Mo., in 1818. His children were — I^lias,
J^ames, Tarleton, William, Irving, John, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Lu-
cretia, Nancy, and Sally. Elias married Elizabeth Martin, and
settled in Missouri in 1819. James settled in Callaway county in
1830. Tarleton married Permelia Bowlin, and settled in Boone
county in 1819. William married Mary Gay, and settled in Au-
drain county in 1835. Irvin married Elizabeth Turner, and set-
tled in Boone countj' in 1819. John married Martha Crews, and
settled in Boone county the same year. Elizabeth married James
Barnes, who settled in Boone county in 1816. Rebecca married
Azal Barnes, who settled in Missouri in 1835. Lucretia married
Benjamin Barnes, who settled in Boone county in 1816. Nancy
married Ezekiel Hickman, who settled in Boone county in 1816.
Sally married George Hickman, who settled in Boone county in
1835.

Selby. — John Selby, of Maryland, was a Methodist preacher.
He married Rebecca Jones, and settled in Bourbon county, Ky.,
in 1806. In 1824 he removed to Callaway county. Mo., where
his wife died in 1828. Their children were — Isaiah, Jesse J.,
Assanith, William J., Anna, John M., James H., Louis V., Eliza,
Lucinda, and Henry B. Isaiah married Sallie Bass, and settled
in Callaway county in 1824. Jesse J. married Elizabeth Herre
ford. Assanith married Henry Swift, who settled in Boone
couutj' in 1823. William J. married Julia A. Turley. Ann mar-
ried her cousin, Joseph Selby, who settled^ in Callaway county in
3824. John M. married Emily Dazey, >Fames H. married

CALLAWAY COUNTY 375

Louisa Dazey, and Louis V. married Milley Dazey. Eliza mar-
ried Hawley Herreford. Lucinda married Samuel Hirdin, who
settled in Boone county. Henry B. married Mary Steele.

Steele. — Colonel John Steele, of Virginia, married a widow
lady named Sarah Holland, and settled in Callaway county in
1834. His children were — Isaac, Margaret, and Sarah. Colonel
Steele served as Captain of militia for some time, and then as
Colonel for a number of years.

Scott. — Captain Saybrook Scott lived in Georgetown, District
of Columbia, and was a sea captain. He married Miss Canan
Darne, by whom he had — Allen, Robert, and Elizabeth. Allen
was also a sea captain. He married Mary Darne, by whom he
had — James, John D., William A., Mary A., Melvina, Jeannette
E., and Henry. Captain Scott settled in Callaway county in
1837. His son, John D., was captain of a steamboat on the
Mississippi river for thirty years. He married Catharine Darne,
of Virginia, James Scott married Maria Ellis, of Virginia, and
settled in Callaway county in 1837. William A. married Marga-
ret Brasher, and settled in Callaway county in 1837.

Smart. — John Smart, son of Elisha Smart and Amy Glover,
of England, married' Elizabeth Ford, of Kentucky, and they had
— James, Edward, Enos, Ann, and Polly. James settled in
Callaway county in 1828, and married Rachel Ewing, who died,
and he afterward married Susan Glover. Edward married
Matilda Glover, and settled in Callaway county in 1833. Enos
was married three times, and settled in Callaway county in 1833.
Polly, a daughter of John Smart, married Joseph Warner, who
settled in Callawaj'^ county in 1835. — (Other children of Elisha
Smart, Sr. ) — Edward married Elizabeth Heath, nnd settled in
Callaway county in 1833. William married Anna Glover, and
settled in that county in 1828. David married Permelia Bledsoe,
and settled in Callaway county in 1833. Thomas married Har-
riet Thompson, and settled in Callaway county in 1832. Glover
Smart married Lou Moseley, and settled in Callaway county in
1832. Polly married John Ratekin, and settled Callaway county
in 1828.

Sheley. — John Sheley, Jr., of Virginia, married Mary Ridge-
way, by whom he had — John, Benjamin, Harrow, Singleton,
Van, George, Reason, Polly, Elizabeth, and Charlotte. Harrow
married Sally Kelley. Benjamin married Elizabeth Boulware.
Singleton was married first to Susan Oldham, and after her death
he married Jane Creswell. Van was married first to Martha
Woods, and second to Nancy Overton. All of the foregoing set-
tled in Callaway county in 1831. George married Sally Brooker,
and settled in Callaway count}- in 1834. Reason married Nancy
J. White, and settled in Callaway county in 1883.

376 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

SuoGETT. — James Suggett, of Wales, came to America and set-
tled in Baltimore, \There he married Elizabeth Smith, by whom he
had a son named John, who married Mildred Davis, of Virginia,
and they had — James, William, John, P^dgar, Milton, P^lizabeth,
Catharine, and Polly. James was a Hard-Shell Baptist preacher,
and noted for his facility in telling yarns. He married Sally
Ridden, of Virginia, and settled in Boone count}'. Mo., in 1822 ;
but in 1833 he removed to Callaway county. His children were —
Thomas S., James M., John, Edgcome, Joseph R., Henry, Ben-
jamin, Willifm AV., Malinda, Nancy, Catharine, and Susan.
Thpmas served in the war of 1812. James M. is a bachelor, and,
like his father, loves to tell amusing, stories. John, a brother of
Rev. James Suggett, married Winnifred Craig, and settled in
Callaway county in 1835. His children were — Volney, Minter,
John H., Garret, Frances, Araminta, and Martha.

Stokes. — Daniel Stokes, a German, who lived in Halifax county,
Va., married a Miss Dupley, by whom he had — Thomas, Josiah,
William, Young, Bartlett, Henry, and Polly. Thomas married
Polly Wade, and they had Henry W. and Thomas, Jr. He was
married the second time to a Mrs. Mundy, and they had — Single-
ton, Hamilton, Mumford, Armon, and Sarah. Henry W. Stokes
settled in Callaway county in 1835. He mai-ried Polly Tatum,
and they had nine children. He was married the second time to
Eliza A. Bartley, by whom he had nineteen children. By his
two wives he had twenty-eight children, fourteen sons and four-
teen daughters.

Snedicor. — Christopher Snedicor emigrated to America from
Holland, at an early date, and settled in Greenbriar Co., Va.
He left two sons, Moses and Isaac. The former served seven,
and the latter five years in the war of the revolution. Isaac was
married in Greenbriar Co., Va., to Eleanor Story, a cousin of
Chief Justice Story, and after the birth of three children they
emigrated to and settled in Montgomery Co., Ky. The names of
their children were — Abigail, James, Mary W., Rebecca B., Sam-
uel, Parker, and Isaac. James and Isaac married in Kentucky
and settled in Alabama. After the death of their father, the
widow and the rest of the children came to Missouri in 1820, and
settled in Boone county. In 1825 all except Abigail removed to
Callaway county, and settled near Fulton. Abigail was married
twice ; first to a Mr. Emmons, and second to a Mr. Finley. Mary
W. was married in Montgomery Co., Ky., to John Kelso, and
they had— Joseph G., Elizabeth J., Harrison W., Hesteran R»,
William D., Isaac S., Maria S., Samuel P., John M., and Adam
C. Of this lai:ge family, the mother, now in the 86th year of her
age, and Harrison W. and John M. only survive. Harrison
Kelso lives in Kansas City, and John M. lives in Callaway county,
where he has always resided.— Eleanor Story, the grandmother of

CALLAWAY COUNTY 377

these children, was born in Greenbriar Co., Va., in 1758. Her
parents were from Ireland.

Smith. — Edward Smith, of Virginia, married a Miss Linnville,
by whomhe had Thomas, Edmund, and Nathan. Thomas married
Margaret Zount, and settled in Howard county. Mo., in 1816.
His children were — Jerry, Richard, Marion, Matilda, Malinda,
Lusetta, John, Polly, and Boone. Richard married Elizabeth
Wagoner, and after her death he married the widow Wagoner,
whose maiden name was Susan Hart. He settled in Callaway
county in 1836.

Tate. — Nathaniel Tate, of Bedford county, Va., had — Zachariah^
Henry F., Nathaniel, Jr., Richard, and Polly. Zachariah married
Polly Nichols, of Bedford county, and they had — John G. , Nath-
aniel N., Jesse N., Henry M., Caleb W., Richard C, Susannah,
and Mary J. John G. married Jeannette Hipinstall, and settled in
Callaway county in 1837. Nathaniel N. was man-ied first to
Sarah Richardson, and second to Percy A. Hamlin. Jesse N.
was married first to Julia L. Hipinstall, and second to Mary
Carter. Caleb W. was married first to Emily Hamlin, and second
to Orva Hamlin. Richard C. married Elizabeth Hamlin, and was
killed in 1863 by the Federal soldiers. Susannah married Samuel
Wilkes, who settled in Missouri in 1834. Henry M. died in Missouri^
unmarried. The members of the Tate family are a reading,
intelligent people, and excellent citizens.

Tate. — James Tate, of Augusta county, Va., was a Captain in
the revolutionary wai', and was killed at the battle of Guilford
Court House, in North Carolina. His wife's maiden name was
Sarah Hail, and at his death he left a widow and five children.
The names of the latter were — Polly, EHzabeth,' Sarah, John and
Isaac. John married Sarah Hall, of Kentucky, and settled in
Callaway county, Mo., in 1829. His children were — Calvin,
Milton, Isaac, James, Elijah, Sarah, Margaret, and Mary. Mr.
Tate died in 1864, in his 83d year. Sarah Tate married William
Scott, of Kentucky, who settled in Callaway county in 1837.
Margaret married Major Daniel Nally, who settled in Callaway
county in 1829. Mary married Robert R. Buckner, of Callaway
county. James was married first to Clarinda P. Tate, and second
to Sophia Lysle. He settled in Callaway county in 1823. The
Auxvasse Presbyterian Church was organized at his house that
year, and it was the first organization of that religious denomination
west of St. Charles. Elijah Tate died in Kentucky. Milton married
Rachel B. Granberry. Isaac was Colonel of militia for many
years. He married Jane Henderson. Calvin was married first
to Elizabeth Allen, and second to a widow lady named Miller.
Mr. Tate went to California in 1849, and was engaged for some
time in hauling with his six-horse wagon. During his- sojourn in
California he served on a case in which several Chinamen were

378 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

witnesses, and they swore to everything but the truth, until the
judge had a rooster brjught. into the court room and placed on a
table, when a blank expression of dread came over the face of
each Chinaman, and after that they swore to the truth.

Thrailkill. — Hiram Thrailkill, of Scott county, Ky., married
Nancy Craig, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1835. His
children were — Marcellus N., Elcina, James, John, Sisra, Mary,
Eliza A., Ellen, and William. After the death of Mr. Thrailkill
his widow married Creed Carter, of Callaway county.

Trimble. — John Trimble, of Kentucky, married a Miss Turley,
by whom he had seven children. His eldest son, James, was
drowned by falling in a well. Mr. Trimble and the rest of his
family settled in Callaway county at an early date, and he and
his wife died in that county a number of years afterward. Mr.
Trimble was a good-hearted man, and liked by all who knew him.
He was very quiet, and rarely had anything to say, even at log-
rollings, where it was customary to get tight and have a " high
old time."

Todd. — John A. Todd and his wife, whose maiden name was
Mary Howard, were raised in Warren county, Ky. They settled
in Callaway county, Mo.,. in 1826, and had twenty-one children,
ten of whom lived to be grown. The names of the latter were —
Margaret, Robert L., Hugh A., Elizabeth S., Nancy J., Mary A.,
John A., Mildred F., Asa M., and Joseph H. Mr. Todd was
married the second time to a widow lady, by whom he had Will-
iam and Sarah J. He built a mill on Loutre creek, and the first
Methodist preaching in that part of Callaway county was held in
his house. He died in 1862.

Turner. — Lewis Turner, of Scotland, was a soldier in the rev-
olutionary war. He lived in Virginia, and his children were —
Lewis, Edward, James, Mary, and Ann. Lewis married Sarah
Martin, of Virginia, by whom he had — Wihiam, Martin, Casey,
Graham, Henry S., Elizabeth, and Mary. In 1825 Mr. Turner
removed to Missouri with his family, and settled in Callaway
county, where he died in 1826. His son William was married
first to Margaret McAdam, and second to Mary J. Scruggs. He
lives in Platte county. Mo. Martin married Devolia Hornbuckle.
Casey married Eliza Rawlings. Graham was married first to
Cynthia A. Nuir, and second to her sister, Lucinda. Henry S.
married Mary Houk, and settled in Callaway county in 1825.
He was Justice of the Peace twelve years. Assessor of the county
four years, and Judge of the County Court from 1865 to 1868.
He also represented thd county in the Legislature in 1855. Eliz-
abeth Turner married Rufus Hornbuckle, and settled in Johnson
county, Mo. Mary married Garret Nichols, who settled in Calla-
way county in 1824.

CALLAWAY COUNTY 379

Thomas. — Solomon Thomas, of East Tennessee, settled in Cal-
laway county in 1817. He had no education, but was elected
Justice of the Peace and performed his duties reasonably well.
He was a great yarn teller, and could entertain a crowd as well as
any other man. — Joel Tipton settled in Callaway county the same
year that Mr. Thomas did, and near his place. He was a very
large man and a good trapper, but no hunter. — William Thornton
and his son James, also settled in Callaway county in 1817.
They were great hunters and trappers.

Truett. — Samuel Truett, of Kentucky, married Ellen Parker,
and they had — Thomas, William, Mary and Nancy. Thomas
married Sally Kimbrough, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway
county in 1828. His children were — Nathaniel, Benjamin, Susan,
Ehzabeth, George, Mary, William, Sarah, John, Ellen, Martha
and Thomas. William, son of Samuel Truett, married Ellen
Brannon, and settled in Boone county. Mo. Mary married Berk-
ley Estus, and settled in Boone county. Nancy married John
Catonham, who settled in Monroe county. Mo.

Thornhill. — Jesse Thornhill and hi» wife, Elizabeth Stephen-
son, of Buckingham county, Va., had a son named Thomas, who
married Agnes Patterson, by whom he had— Samuel, Charles B.,
Nelson, Albert, Thomas, Jesse, Jemima, Hattie, Elvira, Susan
and Mary. Samuel was married first to Susan Stevens ; second
to Agnes Robinson, and third to Margaret MeCracken. He set-
tled in Callaway county in 1838. Charles B. was married in Vir-
ginia, to Elizabeth Moseley, and settled in Callaway county in
1828. Nelson married his cousin, Elizabeth R. Thornhill, and set-
tled in Callaway county in 1845.

Taylor.— Thomas T. Taylor, a revolutionary^ soldier, settled
in Smith county, Tennessee. He had three sons — John, Thomas
and Robert, and eight daughters. John married Peggy Smitli, of
Tennessee, by whom he had — Thomas, William, James, Wilson Y.,
Patsey, Elizabeth, Sally, Polly, Frances, Susan, Lucinda and
Nancy. Thomas married Lydia V. Deariag, William married
Lucy Ham, and James married Polly Bearing, all of whom settled
in Callaway county from 1821 to 18^9. Wilson, Elizabeth and
Polly also married and settled in Callaway county during the same
period of time.

Taylor.— William Taylor, of Stokes Co., N. C, married Sa-
rah Scruggs, and they had a son, Isaac, who married Catharine
Vaughan, a sister of Martin Vaughan, of Audrain Co., Mo.
Their children were — Carter, Fountain, and Mary. The mother
died while they were young, and their father having married
again to a widow lady of' Indiana, they were adopted by their
uncle Martin, who came to Missouri in 1830. Carter, the eld-
eat, married Minerva Callock, and settled in Howard county,

380

PIONEEK FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

where they lived and died. Mary married James Duncan, who
settled in Monroe county. Fr.untain settled in Callaway county.
He married Anna Wilburn, and they had a large family of chil-
dren. Mr. Taylor is a stone mason by trade, and once while
blasting roek he was blown up and badly burnt with powder.
Tile marks of the powder are still plainly visible on his hands and
face.

Thomas. — James Thomas, of Kentucky, married a Miss Hay-
den, by whom he had — William, James, Robert, Presley, George
H., and Susan. George H. married Evelina Nichols, and settled
in Callaway county in 1826. He was married the second time to
Nancy P. Craighead Presley Thomas married Phoebe Mieur,
and settled in Callaway county in 1831. He was married the sec-
ond time to the widow Collier, and the third time to the widow
Calbreath. James married Frances "Vaughan, and settled in Cal-
laway county in 1828. Susan married Jerry Mieur, and settled
in Callaway county in 1830.

Tarleton. — Jerry Tarleton, of Maryland, married Mary Briscoe,
by whom he had— Raphael B., Nancy, Alfred, Emily, John, Cath-
arine, Meredith, Amanda, and Lewellen P. Emily married Sam-
uel Moore, who settled in Callaway county in 1819. Meredith
married Mary E. Lock, and settled in Callaway county in 1840.

Whittington. — Thomas Whittington, of London, England,
came to America when he was twelve years of age, with his uncle,
who was a sea captain. He settled in Virginia, and after he was
grown married Elizabeth Brown, by whom he had — "William,
Thomas, Jr., James, Stark D., John, Edmund, Judith, Rhoda,
Patsey, and Nancy. Stark D. married Elizabeth Loudon, and
they had — James, Eliza, Martha, Emily, Anderson, George, Reu-
ben, Frances, and Elmira. James married Harriet Gregory, and
settled in Callaway county in 1841. He was married the second
time to Lucy Burch. Reuben Whittington also settled' in Calla-
way county.

White. — John White, of Kentucky, was a soldier in the revolu-
tionary war. He had a son named Archibald, who married a
Miss Simpson, and they were the parents of Morgan B, and
Archibald White, Jr. Morgan B. settled in Callaway county in
1826, and became a prominent and influential citizen. He has
always been a staunch Democrat, basing his political faith upon
the true Jeffersonian doctrine. He represented Callaway county
in the Legislature in 1834-5, with credit to himself and to the
satisfaction of his constituents. He is now past the age at which
men participate in public affairs, but, he still feels an interest in
the success of his beloved party, and the supremacy qf honesly
and good government. He reads a great deal, and keeps himself
thoroughly posted in the events of the day: "Uncle Morgan's"

CALLAWAY COUNTY 381

opinions and ideas still carry weight in Callaway county, where
be is respected as one of the few remaining actors in a better and
more prosperous era of our government. The white haired
pioneer is always given a prominent position at public meetings,
and office-seekers can do no better than declare, as they point to
him, that they will endeavor to perform their duty as ffiithfuUy
and disinterestedly as he and his associates did. Mr. White tells
an amusing anecdote on himself that occurred during his stay in
Jefferson City, while attending the session of the Legislature of
which he was a member. He boarded at a private house kept by
a widow lady, who put him to sleep in a bed surrounded by heavy
damask curtains. It was the first bed of the kind that he had
ever seen, and for his life he could not tell how to get into the
thing. He finally concluded that he would have to go in over the
top ; so drawing a table and chair to the side of the bed he
mounted on to them, and rolled over, expecting to land on a
nice, soft bed ; but instead of that he was caught by the floor,
and, like the Irishman, considerably hurt by the "sudden stop-
ping." He learned the trick, however, and after that had no
difficulty about getting into his bed. Mr. White was married first
to Mary Ann'Marmaduke, of Shelby county, Ky., by whom he
had twelve children. His second wife was a widow lady named
Hughes, whose maiden name was McMurtry. His children are
intelligent and cultivated, and his sons are among the most enter-
prising men of the counties in which they live. One of his sons,
Arch. H. White, is an ex-Sheriff of Montgomery county, and an
influential citizen. Another of his sons, Morgan B., Jr., is a
large stock raiser and successful farmer of Montgomery county.
He also takes a great deal of interest in politics, and exercises
<.'onsiderable influence in his county. — Archibald White, brother
of Morgan B., Sr., settled in Callaway county in 1832, and died
two years later, leaving a widow and one child.

Wright. — William Wright was a native of England. He had a
son named John, who was Tobacco Inspector at Fredericks-
burg, Va., at a very early date. The latter married Rosamond
Grant, daughter of Captain John Grant, by whom he had — Mar-
garet, Rosamond, Elizabeth, William, John, and Winfield. The
latter married Judith Tinsley, daughter of Edward Tinsley, of
Madison county, Va., and settled in Franklin county, Ky., in
1817. They had — William, Henry T., James G., Rosamond,
Elizabeth, Margaret P., Judith, and Polly. Henry T. married
Rebecca Tinsley, of Kentucky, and settled in Callaway county,
Mo., in 1837. They had— Henry, Jr., Winfi.-ld, Charles, and
>.jteorge After the death of his wife Mr. Wright married
Peachey Tinsley, and they had one child, a daughter. Mr.
Wright was married the third time to Elizabeth Jameson. James
G., son of Winfield Wright, married Rebecca Hawkins, of Frank-

iJ82 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOtTRI

Mh 'county, Ky., and settled ia Audrain county, Mo. Elizsabeth
married Reuben Overton, who settled in Callaway county in
1824. Margaret. P. married "William R. Martin, who settled ii>
Callaway county in 1827. Judith T. married Samuel P. Martin,,
who settled in Callaway county in 1824.

WiLBURN. — John Wilburn married Mary Curtis, by whom he
had — Caroline, Ann, Rebecca, St. Clair, William, Robert, andl
John. He settled in Callaway county in 1816.

"Word. — John "Word, of England, settled in Goochland county,
Va. He had two children, John and Mary. John married Lucj-
Rice, and settled in K<yitucky-in 1803. They had — "William,
Charles R., Matilda, and Nancy. Mr. Word removed to Missouri
in 1817, and settled in Callaway county. William, his eldest
son, married Polly Rives, who, after an affliction of seven years,
went entirely blind. Charles R., now living, was a celebrated
auger maker in his younger days. His augers were of such a
superior quality that he could not make them fast enough to sup-
ply the demand. He married Jane McCormaek, and they had —
Nancy, John, Lucy, Martha, Charles "W., James R., Margaret G.,
Mary E., Montezuma, and George W.

WiLKERSON. — Moses and William "Wilkerson were sons of Moses
"Wilkerson, of England, who came to America and settled in "Vir-
ginia before the revolutionary war. He died some j'ears after-
ward, and his widow married again. After their mother's second
mari'iage, Moses and "William wegt to Kentucky, and lived for
some time in the fort at Boonesborough. Moses married Aletha
Anderson, who had lived in the fort with her parents three
years, and was there when Jemima Boone and the Callaway girls
were captured by the Indians. They afterward settled in Mont-
gomery county, Ky., and raised nine children, whose namea
were — John, "William, Abraham, Henry, Hiram, Haley, Nimrod,
Cenia, and Sally. Mrs. Wilkerson died in Kentucky in 1833.
William, the second son, received a limited education, and after
his father's death he was appointed executor .of the estate and
guardian for his brothers and sisters. The duties thus imposed
upon him gave him a practical knowledge of business affairs, and
the people of his county had so much confidence in his ability
and integrity that they elected him a member of the Count}' Court
while he was quite young. The Court at that time was composed
of twelve men, selected with reference to their ability and expe-
rience, and it was no small honor to be so chosen. Mr. Wilkerson
enlisted in the war of 1812, and was chosen First Lieutenant of
Captain George Mc Arthur's company. They belonged to that
portion of the army which operated in Canada, and Lieutenant
W. assisted in capturing a Tort in which several hundred of the
enemy were garrisoned. After the close of the war he was
elected Colonel of militia, and was subsequently chosen to repre-

CALLAWAY COUNTY 3S3

sent his county in the Legislature. In 1830 he came to Missouri
and settled in Callaway county. In 1836 he was elected a mem-
ber of the Legislature, and afterward represented the county in
the same body during a portion of two terms. He was also pre-
siding Justice of the County Court for several years. He died in
1845 ; his wife died in 1839. Her maiden name was- Elizabeth
Clark, daughter of James Clark, who came from Ireland, mar-
ried a Miss Arbuckle, and settled in Greenbriar county, Va.
Colonel Wilkerson was a high-toned, honorable gentleman ;
moral and upright, but not a member of any church. He was
highly respected in his community, and his counsel and advice
were sought by all, which he gave withotit ostentation or displa}',
and always for what he considered best. He was modest and
unassuming in his manners, and possessed an excellent mind,
which he diligently cultivated. He was temperate in his habits,
and never used profane language. In his family . circle he was
kind and indulgent, but firm in requiring his children to do what
was right. He was an honest politician, and no competitor could
ever saj' that he took an unfair advantage of him. The names
of his children were — Harrison, Achilles (a physician), William
H., Narcissa, Martha C, Elizabeth, and Emily.

Wren. — James Wren of Fairfax countj^ Va., married Sarah
M. Lee, daughter of Hancock Lee, and settled in Callaway count}'
Mo., in 1833. His children were — Sarah E., James, Mary C,
and John E. Mr. Wren was married the second time to the
widow Williams, and died in Callaway county in 1875, aged 79
years. He was a soldier of the war of 1812.

Winn — Joseph Winn, of Kentucky, was married first to a Miss
Bartley, and second to Peggy Turman. Mr. Winn settled first in
Kentucky, and afterward removed to Clark county, Ohio, where
he died. His children were — John, Charles, Miartha, Jane,
Susan, Myrtella and Douglass. The latter married. Elizabeth i
Rawlings, and settled in Callaway county in 1838. Hischildren
were— Mary, Myrtella, John, Elizabeth, Thomas, Richard, Melvina
Douglass, Jr., Martha, William, Susannah, and Ascenia.

Watson. — John K. Watson was an early settler of Callaway
county. He made his living by splitting rails and was known as
the rail splitter of Callaway county.

Walker. — Edward Walker settled in Callaway county in 1831.
His children were — John, Edward, Griffin, Samuel, Elizabeth,
Permelia, Patsey, Charlotte and Harriet.

Williams. — William Willianas was a native of England, and
was a soldier in the British army during the American revolution.
He became so well pleased with the Americans and their country
from what he saw of them during his soldier days, that when the
war was over he remained, and settled in Virginia, where he soon
after married Sally Martin. Their children were — William, Asa

384 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

T., Peyton, Robert, Richard, John, Joseph, Polly, Lucy, Silly, and
Elizabeth, all of whom settled in Callaway county, Mo., from 1814
to 1824. AsaT. settled at Cotesansdessein in the spring of 1815,
and was the first American settler in that part of the county.
He afterward married Elizabeth Langley, and they had— John,
Isaac, Henry B , Peyton T., Robert B , James M., Asa T., Jr.,
William G. , Sally , Mary , Elizabeth J.,Mordecai A., Matilda, and
several others who died in childhood. William, brother of Asa T. ,
Sr., married Elizabeth May, of Virginia, and settled in Callaway
county in 1822. Peyton married Polly Langley, and settled in
Callawaj' county in 1820. Robert married Frankie M^y, and
settled in Callaway county the same year. John married Eliza-
beth Johnson, of Tennessee, and settled in Callaway county in
1824. Joseph settled in that county in 1817, and married Eliza-
beth Langley.

Wagoner. — Jacob Wagoner, of Roan county, N. C, married a
Miss Zount, and they had a son named George, who married
Alice Williams, of North Carolina, and settled in Tennessee. They
had — Edward, Susan, Jane, and Martha. Mr. Wagoner was
married again, after the death of his first wife, to Sarah Engle,
by whom he had Catharine and Stokeley. All of this family set-
tled in Callaway county from 1828 to 1831.

WiNTERBOWER. — Jacob Wintcrbowcr, of Pennsylvania, married
Polly Stone, and they had twenty children. One of their sons,
named John, married Elizabeth Zumwalt, of Missouri, daughter
of Jacob Zumwalt, who settled in Callaway county in 1817.

Yates. — Benjamin Yates was born in "Virginia in 1767, and died
in Shelby county, Ky., in 1558. He was married twice ; first to
Margaret Ford, of Kentucky, by whom he had — John, Edith,
Oilson, Mary, Nancy, Milton, Benjamin F., Jeptha, and William
F. His second wife was a Miss Sullivan, of Kentucky ; they
had no children. John Yates came to Missouri in 1816, when he
was a young man, and began to learn the tailor's trade with Dan-
iel Colgin, of St. Charles. But he soon grew tired of that busi-
ness, and obtained a situation as porter in Collier & Co.'s store,
at $12 per montt. He had been in the store only a few daj'S
when Mr. George Collier wanted a legal paper drawn up for some
purpose, and made inquiry among his em^Dloyes to know if any
of them could do it. Mr. Yates replied that he could, and the
matter was entrusted to him. He performed the work so well
and neatly that Mr. Collier was both pleased and surprised, and
finding upon conversing with him that he was an educated man,
he employed him as book-keeper, at good wages. A few years
later he sent a stock of goods to Elizabeth, the first county seat
of Callaway county, and sent Mr. Yates with it as superintendent.
The goods were opened in the house of Mr, Henry Brite, which
was also used as a tavern, court house, clerk's office, etc. This

CALLAWAY COUNTY 385

was the first store in Callaway county, except one at Cotesansdes-
sein, owned by Daniel Colgin, Jr., of St. Charles. Mr. Yates
soon became a partner in the store, and in 1825 he removed to
Fulton, where he carried on the business for many years, and
made a fortune. After his removal to Fulton the sales increased
largely, and he ordered goods so often that Mr. Collier became
uneasy and went to Fulton to see that all was right. Mr. Yates
showed him the books to prove that the sales had been made as
represented, apd then handed him all the money due to date.
This satisfied Mr. Collier, and he returned home. Soon after
this Mr. Yates bought his interest in the store, and carried on the
business himself. Mr. Yates was married first to Mary Nichols,
by whom he had one son, George, who is now a druggist in Will-
iamsburg. His second wife was Elizabeth Dawson, of Missouri,
by whom he had — Benjamin D., William, Martha (Mrs. Samuel
Grant), Thomas, John, and Martin. The latter is a physician.
Edith, daughter of Benjamin Yates, Sr., married Theodore
Drain, and they had — Stephen, Dulcinea, Emma, and Franklin.
Gilson Yates married Catharine Ford, of Kentucky, and they
had — James, John, and Frances. Mary Yates married William
Guthrie, and they had six children. Nancy married H. Woods ;
they had four children. Benjamin F. died when he was sixteen
years of age. Jeptha married Eliza J. Harrison, and they had —
John, Mary, and Lucy J. William F. married Nancy Hopkins,
and they had but one child.

Young. — Sennett Young, of Bath county Ky., married Barsheba
Catlet, and they had — Elizabeth, Polly, Original, Sennett, Jr.,
Edwin, Daniel and Willis. Original married Dorcas Moon, of
Virginia, and they had — Hiram, Reuben, John A., Sally and Han-
nah. John A. was married twice, and settled in Callaway coun-
ty in 1834.

HISTORIES OF FAMILIES.

AUDRAIN COUNTY.

The county of Audrain was organized December 17, 1836, and
named in honor of Colonel James H. Audrain, of St. Charles
county, who was a man of considerable note, and a member of
the Legislature in 1830. The seat of j ustice was located at Mexico
at the same time the county was organized.

Mexico was founded in 1836. by Rev. Robert Mansfield and
Mr. J. H. Smith, who donated twenty-five acres of their land to
the embryo town. The place did not improve much until the
opening of the North Missouri railroad, in 1857, when its growth
became rapid and substantial. It is now one of the principal
inland towns of Missouri, in point of location and trade, and num-
bers a population of more than 5,000. It commands a wholesale
and retail trade that extends over several adjacent counties, and
its public buildings, business houses and private residences are
unsurpEissed by those of any other inland town in the State. This
is the home of Governor Charles H. Hardin, who has done much
by his energy, influence and ample means to build up the town
and give it a reputation abroad.

The early settlers of Audrain county were principally from
Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee. They built
small cabins in the timber, on the water courses, and devoted
themselves to hunting, trapping and fishing. Game was
abundant, and hunting not only an exciting pastime, but
a remunerative occupation, and pleasure and profit were
combined in its pursuit. The game consisted of deer,
elk, wolves, raccoons, wild turkeys, and a few bears and

AUDRAIN COUNTY 387

panthers. The buffaloes had already taken their departure to
thg prairies of the distant West. In fact the French and Spanish
had, in a measure, driven them away before the Americans began
to settle within the present limits of Missouri, and but few of
those animals were to be found in this State after 1800. In early
times there was a salt lick in Dog Prairie, St. Charles county,
which was frequented by buffaloes as well as deer and other wild
animals ; but there is no authentic account of any buflFaloes hav-
ing been seen there after 1800, except an old one and its calf that
were killed at that place about 1816. They had evidently strayed
away from the herd and got lost.

Wolves were so numerous and daring that it was almost impos-
sible to raise sheep or other domestic animals, and there being no
inducements for any but hunters and trappers to locate in that
region, the larger portion of the land in Audrain county remained
unoccupied and in possession of the government until 1854, when
it was rapidly entered at twelve and a half cents per acre, under
the "■ Graduation Act." Citizens of other counties then flocked
to Audrain, entered homesteads and erected cabins, many of
which are still standing on the beautiful prairies, but most of
them have given place to neat frame and brick farm houses.

The streams of this county are all small, and all except one or
two head near its center. Salt river is the principal one, and is
merely a prairie brook, distinguished by the title of river probably
because of its association with streams of much smaller dimen-
sions. The people supply themselves and their stock with water
by digging cisterns and ponds, and except in extremely dry
seasons they have all they require. The streams are fed by living
springs, and flow during the entire year, afibrding abundant
water for mills and manufacturing purposes.

Most of the creeks derived their names from the people who first
settled upon them, and several incidents have been obtained in
this connection sufficiently amusing and instructive to be pre-
sented here.

The creek called Littleby was named for Robert Littleby, an
Englishman, who settled upon tAiat stream, near where it empties
into South Fork of Salt river, in 1816, and lived the life of a
hermit for many years, his dogs being his only companions. He
hunted and trapped extensively, and sold his furs and peltries
in St. Charles. His food consisted of game, wild fruits, and the
vegetable portion of the earth's natural productions. He

388 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

cured his meat by soaking it a week in a strong concoction of
lye. Beaver, otter, muskrats, raccoons, etc., were there in abun-
dance, and he reaped a rich harvest from their furs. In 1822 he
removed to Platte river, and died soon after.

The next settler in that part of the county was Benjamin Young,
who located there in 1821 ; and Young's creek was named for him.
He was a native of Stokes county, North Carolina; had been
raised by the Indians, and married a squaw for his wife. In the
same county there lived a woman named Mary Ring, who was
captivated by Benjamin's prepossessing appearance, and proposed
matrimony to him. He frankly told her that he was already mar-
ried to the squaw, but had no desire to see her carried to an un-
timely grave from the effects of a broken heart, and if she would
whip the squaw she might take him. She accepted the proposi-
tion, "cleaned out" the squaw, and claimed her reward. Young
was not the man to "go back" on his word, so he dismissed the
squaw and married the white woman. The result proved good,
for they lived pleasantly and happily together, and the devotion
of his new wife to him increased as they passed down the stream
of life together. In 1809 Mr. Young placed his wife and worldly
goods on a little pony, and started on a journe)' to Kentucky,
which he performed on foot, with his rifle on his shoulder. They
lived in Kentucky two years, and then settled in Howard county,
Mo., where they lived until 1821, when they removed to what is
now Audrain county, and built their cabin on the bank of the
stream since known as Young's creek. For many years they
were the only persons who lived in that part of the county, and
they never saw the face of a fellow creature except when some
traveler would get lost and wander that way, or a solitary hunter
would stumble upon their humble habitation.

Colonel Thomas H. Benton used to stop at Mr. Young's house
and pay him a visit whenever he was out on an electioneering
tour, and the old hunter felt so much honored by the kind atten-
tions of the great man that he named one of his sons Thomas
Benton in honor of him. Benton also sent him a great many
public documents, .which he could not read, but would place in
prominent positions about the house as ornaments.

Mrs. Young, who was a very large woman, was almost as good
a hunter as her husband, and would frequently go into the woods
and camp for weeks at a time on hunting expeditions. She was
an excellent bee hunter, and always kept her family supplied with

AUDRAIN COUNTY 389

nice, fresh honey. One day she went into the woods accompa-
nied by her son, Thomas B. , on a bee hunt, and while they were
wandering about Tom saw a nice, straight grape vine that he
thought would make a good clothes line. So he mounted upon it
some twenty feet, and cut the vine above his head, without stop-
ping to consider the law of gravitation, or the effect of being sus-
pended in the air with nothing to suspend upon. The natural re-
sult was that he got a fall which jolted him so severely that he
never entirely recovered from it, and he did not make as great a
man as his distinguished namesake.

When Mr. Young's eldest daughter was married, the wheat
from which the bread and cakes for the festive occasion were to
be composed, was ground on a hand mill, and the flour bolted
through Mrs. Young's muslin cap. They had no sifter or bolting
chest, but the muslin cap answered the purpose very well.

Mr. Young was killed in 1833, by a pet bull. His coflin was
made by Rev. Mr. Hubbard, under directions from the widow,
who stood by and told him to make it large and roomy, as her old
man never did like to be crowded. It was accordingly made
"large and roomy," and the old hunter was buried in a decent
and comfortable manner. Let us hope that he sleeps well.

As the county began to settle up with enterprising farmers,
schools and churches were established, mills and shops erec-
ted, and other branches of industry were inaugurated, so that
to-day Audrain is fully abreast of the older and more populous
counties by which it is surrounded.

FAMILIES OF AUDRIAN COUNTY.

Armistead. — Franklin Armistead was a soldier of the war of
1812. He married Hannah Rice, of Virginia, and they had —
William, Franklin, Jr., Hannah, and Delpha. Franklin, Jr.,
married Martha Faulkner, and settled in Audrain county in 1833.
They had — Franklin W,, Martha, Lucy, Mary, Joseph, John,
Virginia, James, and Eliza.

Bybee. — James Bybee, of England, came to America and set-
tled in Clark county, Ky. His children were — Alfred, James,
Thomas, Louis, John, and two daughters. Alfred and John came

890 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

to Missouri. The former settled in Cass county, and the latter
in Howard. John was married six times : first to Polly Adams,
of Kentucky, by whom he had six children ; second to Nancy
Adams — two children ; third to Mary Myers — one child ; fourth
to Mary Kyle — four children ; fifth to Nannette Creed — nine
children ; sixth to the widow McGee. He had twenty-two chil-
dren in all. He settled in Audrain county in 1833, and two of
his sons, Martellus and John, are still living there. One of his
daughters, Mrs. Bloom, a widow, also lives in that county. Mar-
tellus is a great wit and humorist. He was the principal witness
for the defence in the celebrated Boggs breach of promise suit
that came off in Mexico, Mo., many years ago, and created a
great deal of fun.

Brown. — Coulborn Brown, of Pennsj'lvania, was killed in the
revolutionary war. He had a son named Solomon, who settled
in Bourbon county, Ky., when he was a boy. He married
after he was grown, and had two sons, William and Coulborn.
The former lived and died in Kentucky. Coulborn married Jane
Taylor, who was of Irish descent, and they had — William,
Samuel, Alexander, Clarissa, George, Laban I. T., Coulborn, Jr.,
Jane, Milton and Elijah, all of whom, except Alexander and
Eliza, settled in Missouri.

Bradley. — Ichem Bradley, of Ireland, came to America
and settled Virginia. His wife was a Miss McGee, by whom he
had — John, Thomas, and William. John was a soldier in the
revolutionttry war. He married Martha Mosbey, and they had —
David, Thomas, Edward, Ichem, Nancy, Sally, Polly, and Mar-
tha. David and Thomas were both soldiers in the war of 1812,
the former serving in and near Noi'folk, and the latter below Rich-
mond. Thomas became tired of the smell of gun powder, and
hired a substitute at $100 per day. He married Frankey Winler,
and they had nine children. Mr. Bradley and his family settled
in Audrain county in 1838.

Blue. — Duncan Blue, of Scotland, married his cousin, Effie
Blue, and came to America and settled in North Carolina before
the revolution. He joined the American army when the war
began, and served during the struggle for independence. After
the war he removed to Christian county, Ky. His children were
— Daniel, Neal, and Peggy. Neal was in the war of 1812. He
married Elizabeth Galbreth, of North Carolina, and they had —
Duncan, John, Sally, EflSe A., Peggy, Flora, Eliza, Emeline,
Caroline, and Charlotte E. Several of the children died young,
and in 1831 Mr. Blue and the rest of his family came to Missouri
and settled in Audrain county.

Btrnes. — John Byrnes and his wife were natives of Halifax
county, Va. Their children were — William, John, Richard,

AUDRAIN COUNTY 391

Rhoda, Mattha, and Sarah. William married Catharine H. Thag-
morton, and settled in Audrain county in 1830. They had —
William H., John R., Sarah F., James T., Mary, Millie C, and
Lucinda. Richard Byrnes married Patsey Barnes, of Virginia,
and settled in Audrain county in 1832. His children were — John,
Richard, Jr., William, George, Fielding, Sarah, Jane, and Ann.
Rhoda Byrnes married George Bonar, and they had — Alexander,
Catharine, Sarah, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Geprgiana. Martha
Byrnes married Matthew Scott, who died, leaving her a widow
with one child.

BowEN. — Thomas Bowen, of Virginia, married Mary Stone,
and removed to Kentucky, where they lived and died. Their
children were — Benjamin, John, Reece, George, Lorenzo,
Thomas, Sarah, Polly, Elizabeth, Anna, and Delilah. Thomas is
a Baptist preacher, and lives in Mexico, Mo. He was born in
Madison county, Ky., in 1796, and he and his brother Reece
belonged to Nathan Boone's company of rangers during the
Indian war in Missouri. Mr. Bowen married a daughter of Adam
Zumwalt. He was very fond of dancing when he was a young
man, and was present at Peter Yater's house warming, in Warren
county, when the floor fell through. Mr. Bowen had the mis-
fortune to get caught under Mrs. Yater in the fall, and she left
an impression on him that he never forgot, for she weighed 250
pounds.

Beatty. — James Beatty was born in M^iryland, in 1742. He
married Elizabeth Ramer, whose father fled from Germany to
avoid religious persecution by Charles V. Mr. Beatty settled in
Fayette county, Ky., among the first white people who sought
homes in that State, and he experienced all the dangers and tri-
als of the long and bloody Indian war that followed. After the
return of peace he gave his assistance to the development of the
country, and was one of the party who opened the first road to
Ohio. His children were — Marj', Michael, James E., Lydia,
Edward, Jonathan, Ann, Ruth, Amy, and Barbara. James E.
married and lived in Mobile, Ala. Edward married Malinda
Price, by whom he had — James E., John P., Elizabeth S., and
William. He was married the second time to Anna S. Smith,
and they had Joseph and Martha J. He was married the third
time to Eliza J. Holmes, but they had no children. Mr. Beatty
settled in Audrain county in 1837. John P. Beatty married
Elizabeth J. Clark, and they had — Edward H. , John W. , Lycur-
gus, Mary E., Leonidas, Helen S., Lawrence, James, and Oliver,
all of whom live in Missouri".

Barnett. — John Barnett, of England, had a son named Hutch-
ins, who married Polly Matthews, of Virginia, and settled in
Boone county. Mo., in 1820. Their children were— John W.,
Thomas M., Jane W., Mildred A., and Sarah R. John W. mar-

392 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ried Arretta Willingham in 1822, and settle 5^ in Audrain county
in 1831. Ttiey had— Sarah J., Mary M., Mi\dired A., Martha E.,
William J., Napoleon B., Sanders, Hutchins, Athanasis, John W.,
Thomas, and Jesse E. Thomas, son of Hutchins Barnett, Sr.,
settled in Audrain county in 1831. He never married. He pos-
sesses a remarkable memory, and can relate past events with
great accuracy. Sarah R., daughter of Hutchins Barnett, Sr.,
married Daniel Ellington, of Boone county. Mo.

Crockett. — Hugh Crockett, of Virginia, was a Colonel in the
revolutionary war, and was distinguished for gallantry. He mar-
tied Rebecca Lorton, and they had — Samuel, Walter, Robert,
Hugh, Nancy, Jane, Mary, and Rebecca. Samuel married Mar-
garet Rayborn, of Virginia, by whom he had — Hugh, Rebecca,
James, Joseph, Jane, William, Margaret, Walter, John D., Rob-
ert, and Randall. Mr. Crockett removed first to Williamson
county, Tennessee, where he lived nine years, and then came
to Mi^ouri, and settled in Boone county. His eldest son, Hugh,
now resides in Audrain county. He has been married three
times ; first to Mary A. Wright, second to Rhoda B. Finley, and
third to the widow Turner, whose maiden name was Nancy Price.
Rebecca married Judge James Harrison, of Audrain county.
Jane married John B. Morrow, and Margaret married James G.
Morrow. Joseph married Nancy Kright, and settled in Audrain
county in 1840. John married Mary Pool, and settled in that
county the same year. " The members of the Crockett family are
a jovial class of people, noted for their wit and humor and cheer-
ful dispositions. They also love the sport of hunting.

Calhoun. — Robert Calhoun, of Virginia, settled in Audrain
county. Mo., in 1838. He married Elizabeth Bright, a sister of
Judge Michael Bright, of Callaway county, and they had —
Austin, Sarah, Margaret, Virginia, Samuel, and William. Mr.
Calhoun was an industrious, energetic man, kind and affectionate
in his family, and highly respected by his neighbors. Like all the
early settlers, he was fond of hunting, and was one of the best
marksmen in the county.

Clark. — Daniel Clark and his wife, who was a Miss Shelton,
were natives of Scotland. They emigrated to America and set-
tled first in Lancaster county, Va., from whence they removed to
Culpepper county, where they both died about 1799. They had
six children — William, John, George, Robert, Elizabeth and
Polly. William married Elizabeth Hudnall, and settled in Mason
county, Va., where? his wife died December 14, 1816, and he died
at the same place July 4, 1826. Their children were — John H.,
Frances S., Jemima J., Elizabeth, Nancy, William M., and, Polly
A. William M. married Elizabeth H. McMullin, and settled in
Audrain county in 1839. Mr. Clark is a good neighbor and
citizen, hospitable, industrious, and persevering. He has a re-

AUDRAIN COUNTY 393

markable memory in regard to dates, and catl remember the date
of nearly every event that has occurred during his life.

Cawthorn. — James Cawthorn, of England, came to America
and settled in Virginia. He had but one child, a son named
Charles, who served seven years in the America army during the
revolutionary war. He was married first to Elizabeth Williams,
and they had one son, whom they named Asa, and who was a sol-
dier in the war of 1812. After the death of his first wife, Mr.
Cawthorn married Mary Sanders, of Virginia, and they had seven
sons and three daughters. Their names were — Asa, Jr., David,
Paul, Silas, Richard, Stephen, Celia W., Elizabeth, and Martha.
David and Paul married and settled in Andrew county. Mo.
Peter married the widow of George Eubanks, and settled in An-
drew county in 1835. Silas married Mary Jerman, and settled
in Audrain county in 1835. Richard and Stephen and their three
sisters settled in Indiana. Peter and Paul Cawthorn were twins,
and very devoted to each other. They married widows of the
same name (Eubanks), but who were not related in any way,
and the brothers each had one daughter, which were of the same
age.

Cauthorn. — Richard Cauthorn, of Essex county, Va., was a
school teacher and silversmith. He married a Miss Fisher, by
whom he had — Vinson, James, Reuben, Leroy, Godfrey, Amos,
and Patsey. James married Leah Allen, and they had — Allen,
Carter, James, Jr., Ross, Alfred, Nancy, Henrietta, and Frances.
Allen settled in Audrain Co., Mo., and married Elizabeth Har-
mon. At his death he left two sons and two daughters. Carter
married Elizabeth Calvin, and settled in Audrain county in 1835.
They had eleven sons and two daughters. James, Jr., married
Frances Calvin, and settled in Audrain county in 1835. They
had four sons and five daughters. Ross, Nancy, and Henrietta
lived and died in Virginia. Alfred married Emily Brooks, and
settled in Audrain county. They had seven sons and five daugh-
ters. Frances married William Garrett, who settled in Mexico,
Mo. They had three sons and three daughters.

Charlton. — John Charlton, of Ireland, came to America and
settled in Monroe county, Va. His children were — Joseph,
Thomas, John, Isabella, Ella, Letitia, and Polly, all of whom,
except John, lived and died in Virginia. John was a soldier of
the war of 1812. He married Isabella Humphreys, and came to
Missouri in 1820. The journey was made on a flatboat as far as
Shawneetown, IIU., where they disembarked and came by land to
St. Charles county. They settled first on Dardenne Prairie, and
removed from there to Audrain county in 1830. Mr. Charlton
built the first hewed log house in that county, and had to go
twenty-five miles to get hands to assist in raising it. He was a
very absent minded man, and a number of amusing anecdotes

894 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

are related of him in that connection. On a certain occasion when
his wife was about to be confined, he started after the doctor, and
did not return until the child was old enough to walk. On another
occasion he went to the store to get some salt, and was absent
eighteen months. When he came back he was carrying a broadax
on his shoulder, but did not remember what he had been doing
with it. The names of his children were — James, Thomas, John
H., and a daughter who died in childhood. James died in Illinois
in 1829. Thomas died of small-pox in 1831, while returning home
from New Orleans. John H. was married first to Nancy Carter,
and second to the widow of David Gloss. He lives In Audrain
county. He had five children by his first wife, three sons and two
daughters.

Cardwell. — Thomas R. Cardwell, of England, came to Amer-
ica and settled in Richmond, Va. His children were — John,
Perrin and George. John married Keziah Low, and they had —
John, Jr., Thomas, William, James, Wiltshire, George, Elizabeth,
Nancy, Martha, Lucy, and Mary. George, son of Thomas
Cardwell, Sr., married Anna Hamilton, and they had — John,
Elizabeth, William, Keziah, Martha, Mary, George, Jr., Jane,
Rebecca, Wyatt, and James. George, Jr., married Ida Vans-
doll, and settled in Missouri in 1832. Martha married William
Snelley. Wyatt married May Woods, and settled in Audrain
county in 1834. Jane married William Woods. WilUam mar-
ried Barbara Sanford, and settled in Audrain county in 1837.
He was married the second time to Elizabeth Watts.

Crouch. — Jonathan Crouch, of Bath county, Ky., was of Ger-
man descent. He married Hannah Wells, and they had — Joseph,
Isaac, Jonathan, Andrew, James, and Rebecca. Joseph was
drafted in the war of 1812, but obtained his exemption papers
because he walked in his sleep. He married Nancy Murie, of
Kentucky, and they had — Thomas, Frank, Ellen, and William,
all of whom came with their parents to Missouri in 1823, and
settled m Ralls county, where they remained thirteen years and
then removed to Montgomery county. Thomas married Louis-
iana Fuget, and they had ten children. He served as Justice of
the Peace for sixteen years. Frank married Nancy J. Johnson.
Ellen was married first to Hiram Fuget, and second to Samuel
Davis. William was married first to Phoebe A. McDanielj and
second to Sally Lovelace. All of the above live in Audrain
and Montgomery counties.

Canterberry. — Gideon Canterberry, of Canterberr}'-, England,
emigrated to America and settled in North Carolina. He served
three years and a half in the revolutionary war, and afterward
married Nancy Franklin, by whom he had — Reuben, John, Nim-
rod, and Benjamin. Reuben and John settled first in Virginia,

AUDRAIN COUNTY 395

and afterward removed to Kentucky, where they died. Nimrod
married Mary Franklin, and settled ia Monroe Co., Mo., in 1835.
Benjamin married Susannah Hooser, of Tennessee, and settled
in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1836. His children were — Franklin P.,
Reuben M., John C, Benjamin F., Narcissa, Mary, Susan, Nancy
J., and Elizabeth. Mrs. Canterberry died in August, 1875, in
the 94th year of her age.

Gopher. — ^Thomas Copher was born in Pennsylvania, but set-
tled in Virginia. His children were — Josiah, Jacob, George,
Reuben, and Jesse, all of whom settled in Kentucky. George
came to Missouri in 1820. Jesse married Elizabeth Boone,
daughter of George Boone, and settled in Boone Co., Mo., in
1819. They had— Thomas, Samuel B., David N., Phoebe,
Endecia, Jerusha, Sally, Hattie, and Millie. Samuel B. lives in
Audrain county. He was married first to Anna Thompson, and
second to Anna Maupin. Thomas was a soldier in the war of
1812. The rest of the children lived and died in Boone county.

Clark. — James Clark, of Ireland, married Catharine Home, of
Scotland. They came to America and settled in Winchester, Va.,
from whence they removed to Lincoln Co., N. C. They had six
sons — Alexander, William, James, Christopher, John, and David.
Alexander, James and John lived and died in North Carolina.
William and eleven other men were killed by the Indians in Ken-
tucky. They were in camp at night, and the savages came upon
them and shot them by the light of the fire. David came to Mis-
souri on a visit in 1811. After his return to North CaroUna he
married Margaret Douglass, and they had one son, named Will-
iam. Mr. Clark removed his family to Missouri in 1823, and set-
tled in Lincoln county. Captain Christopher Clark settled first
in Lincoln county, Ky., where he married Elizabeth Adams, by
whom he had — James, Sarah, Catharine, David, Hannah, and
Elizabeth. He was married the second time to Hattie Calvert, of
Virginia, and they had — Raphael H. F., Julia, and William C.
James and David came to Missouri among the early settlers, and
the former was a ranger in Nathan Boone's company, while David
served in Callaway's company. They and two of their sisters,
Sarah and Catharine, married and settled in Texas. Hannah
died single. Elizabeth married Jesse Cox, who settled in Lincoln
county. Mo. Raphael H. F. was born in Green's Bottom, St.
Charles county, while his mother was on a visit there. He mar-
ried Mary Murphy, of Kentucky, by whom he had two children.
She died in 1839, and Mr. Clark afterward married Mary Atkinson,
of Kentucky, by whom he had eight children. His second wife is
dead also, and he lives in Audrain county. Captain Christopher
Clark sent his stock to Missouri in 1799, and brought his family
in a keel-boat to St. Charles county the following year. He set-
tled first at Gilmore Springs, where he remained one year, and

396 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

in 1801 he removed to Lincoln county, near where Troy stands.
He built a fort there during the Indian war, and was commissioned
captain of militia by Gen. Wm. H. Harrison. The musters took
place at Zumwalt's Springs, and most of the men would get drunk
on Adam Zumwalt's whisky. One day, after the drill was over,
the Captain treated his men to a wash-tub full of whisky, which
so elated them that they marched around it and fired a salute
with their guns, which were loaded with powder and toe wads.
One of the men was too drunk to hold his gun up when he fired,
and the wad entered Daniel McCoy's moccasin and cut ofl" one of
his toes. Captain Clark commanded the company that went to
bury Price, Baldridge and Lewis, who were killed by the Indians
while hunting on Loutre Prairie. The bodies of Price and Bald-
ridge were found and buried, but no trace of Lewis could be dis-
covered. The Captain was a member of the Territorial Legisla-
lature when St. Charles county was reduced to its present dimen-
sions, by the organization of Lincoln and Montgomery coun-
ties. A debate arose in regard to the boundary line, Mr. Cottle
advocating Peruque creek as the line between St. Charles and
Lincoln, and Captain Clark favoring Cuivre. The Captain at
length carried his point, and Cuivre became the line between the
two counties. He also secured the name for the county, by a
speech which brought tears to the eyes of the members, a num-
ber of whom were natives of Lincoln county, N. C, and Lincoln
county, Ky. He worked upon their feelings by bringing up ten-
der recollections of their old homes, and then closed his speech
with a flight of eloquence that brought many of them to their
feet. Said he — "I was born in Lincoln councy. North Carolina,
have lived ih Lincoln county, Kentucky, and if God is willing I
want to die in Lincoln county, Missouri." His appeal could
not be withstood, and the county was named Lincoln without a
dissenting vote. Captain Clark was a most excellent citizen, and
his death was a great loss to the community.

Cunningham. — Jonathan and Delilah Cunningham were natives
of the State of Massachusetts. They had a son named Elliott
P. who came to Missouri in 1840, and settled in Audrain county.
He obtained the contract for building the State University at
Columbia, and was afterward elected a member of the County
Court of Audrain county. He married Cynthia Slocum, and
they had — Ellen, Clara, Russell S., Earle C, and Emmett R., all
of whom live in Audrain county.

DoAN. — Hezekiah J. M. Doan, of Harrison county, Ky., mar-
ried Matilda Berry, and removed to Boone Co., Mo., in 1827,
from whence they removed to Audrain county in 1831. Mr.
Doan was appointed one of the first judges of the County Court
of that county, and was Justice of the Peace for many years.

AUDRAIN COUNTY 397

He died in 1865, his wife having died in 1856. They had eight
children, five daugthers and three sons.

Douglass. — George Douglass, whose parents were Scotch, set-
tled first in Amherst county, Va., and removed from there to
Bedford county. He married Mary Tucker, and they had —
Lucinda, David, John, Murphy, William, Polly, Susannah, and
Sally. Lucinda, John, Polly and Susannah remained in Virginia,
where they married and raised large families. Murphy married
and settled in the northern part of Alabama. William married
and settled in Byron Co., Ky. Sally married John Coward, who
settled in Shelby Co. David was a soldier in the war of 1812.
He married Sally White, a daughter of Jacob White and Rebecca
Hollaway, by whom he had — Nancy, Elizabeth, William B.,
Louisa, Edward H., Mary A., Martha, Lumira, Sarah, Edith,
Robert H., Edna, and Keren. William B., who is a minister,
settled in Missouri in 1830. He was married in 1832, to Lucy
Chick, the ceremony being performed by Esquire Enoch Fruite.
They had six sons and two daughters. Mr. Douglass taught
school for some time after he came to Missouri, and he had a
great many grown pupils who did not know their letters. It was
the fashion then to study out loud in the school-room, and each
one would try to get his lesson in a louder tone than the others,
and sometimes the noise would be so great that it could be heard
half a mile. After Mr. Douglass began to preach he was fre-
quently called upon to marry people. On one occasion he went
seven miles to marry a couple, through a drenching rain, swim-
ming several creeks that lay in his route, and returned the same
day; for which he received the magnificent sum of fifty cents!
He then had to go thirteen miles, on a cold, rainy day and pay
that fifty cents to have the marriage recorded. Such were the
trials of pioneer preachers. Edward H. Douglass settled in
Audrain county in 1837. He married Mary J. Ogden, of Vir-
ginia, by whom he had two sons. He died in 1838. Sarah
Douglass married her cousin, Robert Douglass, and settled in
Johnson county, Mo.

Dingle. — Edward Dingle, of Maryland, settled in Scott Co.,
Ky., where he married and had seven children. Three of them,
Richard, Winder C, and Julia, settled in Marion Co., Mo. Mr.
Dingle settled in Audrain county in 1840. He was married the
second time to Frances Sallee, of Virginia, by whom he had —
Samuel, Carter B., William S., John G., Polly S. Nancy C,
and Mary A, Samuel was killed in Mexico, and left a widow
and five children. Mary A. married Taswell Johnson. Carter
B. married Nancy Ward, and died, leaving a widow and three
children. His widow afterward married his brother, John G.,
and they had three children. William S. Dingle died in his

398 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

youth. Polly S. married Kinzey Hardister, and she is now a
widow in California. Nancy C. married a Mr. Landrum.

Eubank. — John Eubank, of England, came to America and
settled in the State of Maryland. His children were — George,
John, Thomas, Richard, William, Mary, Lamar, and Sophia.
Georgo married Rebecca Heringdon, of Maryland, and they had
— David, Martha, George, Polly, Ellen, Rebecca, and Rboda.
David was a soldier of the war of 1812, and when the war was
over he removed with his father to Kentucky, and from thence to
Ohio. He subsequently returned to Kentucky and married
Anna Wyatt, and settled in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1837. His chil-
dren were — Cynthia, Julia, Lina, George, Rebecca, Jonathan,
David, Loyd, and Ambrose.

Ellek. — Jacob, Joseph and Daniel EUer were born and raised
in Maryland. Jacob married Margaret Willard, and they had —
Philip, George, Daniel, John, Sally, Susan, Margaret, Jacob, Jr.,
and Elias. Jacob, Jr., married Elizabeth Grimes, and settled in
Callaway county. Mo., in 1837. His children were — Warner,
Willard, John T., Ann M., Martha, and Elizabeth. EUas Eller
settled in Audrain county in 1838. He married Mary Stander-
ford, of Virginia, and they had — Abraham, Lizzie, Eleanor H.,
Margaret J., Mary A., Susan V., George E., Rachel, and
Joseph.

Farcett. — Edward Farcett, of North Carolina, settled in
Audrain county in 1835. He married Nancy McRay, and they
had — John, Thomas, Nancy, and Sally. Nancy married Josiah
Gantt, of Audrain county.

FiKE. — John Fike, Sr., of Chatham Co., N. C, had — Aaron,
James, John, Jr., and Nathan. John, Jr., married Mary
Rowe, and settled in Ralls Co., Mo., in 1817. They had —
Sally, Hasting, Elizabeth, Aussy H., Nelson, Dillard, Robert,
Martha A. , and Lucy. Aussy H. married Mary Thompson, and
they had a son named John, who married Virginia Fish. Aussy
H. Fike was married the second time to Mary Tipton. Martha
A. married William Powell, of Montgomery county, and after his
death she married William H. Martin, of Audrain county. Lucy
married Caleb Martin, of that county. Nelson, son of John Fike,
Jr., married Mary J. Hughes, and settled in Montgomery county.
Dillard, his brother, married the widow McConnell, whose maiden
name was Ann Scott. Robert married Mecha Holmes, and was
afterward killed by lightning.

FuGET. — Josiah Fuget, of Virginia, settled first in Kentucky,
and removed from there to Missouri in 1836. He married Jane
Musick, and they had — Jonathan, Sally, Josiah, Elizabeth, Ellen,
Hiram, Polly, Hattie, James, Louisiana, Virginia and Nancy.

Gilmer. — John Gilmer and Margaret Berry, his wife, settled in

AUDRAIN COUNTY 399

Mercer Co., Ky. They had — Joseph, James, William, Alexan-
der, Ann, and Jane. James was the only one who came to Mis-
souri. He married Nancy Wilson, and settled in Monroe county
in 1831, and in Audrain in 1842. His children were — Mary A.,
Margaret L., Eliza J., Sallie A., Harriet M., Emma C, and
John J.

Gantt. — An English family named Gantt, and consisting of
five brothers and two sisters, settled in North Carolina. Their
names were — John, James, William, Zachariah, Ichem, Keziah,
and Sally. William married Fannie Rippey, and settled in Ray
county, Mo. Ichem married Sally Rippey, and they had — Jane,
Levi, Josiah, Jesse, William, Thomas, and Ichem, Jr. Mr. Gantt
died, and his widow afterward married his brother James, by
whom she had James, Jr., and John. Josiah and Thomas, sons
of Ichem Gantt, Sr., settled in Audrain county in 1835. The
former married Nancy Farcett, and the latter married Cynthia
Hurdell.

Hepler. — Jacob Hepler was of German descent. He was born
in Rockbridge county, Va., but married and settled in Ohio,
where his wife died. Their children were — Obediah, John, Eliz-
abeth, and Anna. Mr. Hepler was married the second time to
Catharine Miller, of Ohio, by whom he had — Joseph, Edward,
William H., Mitchell, Rebecca, Eliza, and Barbara. All of the
children by his second wife settled in Audrain county.

Hall. — James Hall, of Nicholas county, Ky., had — Elizabeth,
Polly, Cynthia, Melvina, James, John, Henry, Elihu, and Moses.
John and Elihu came to Missouri in 1835. The former married
Kitty Squires, and they had one son and ten daughters, viz. :
Cynthia, Margaret, Mary, Amanda, Robert, Ruth, Llney, Mildred
A., Judith A., Sally, and Caroline. Elihu Hall married Susan
Bradshaw, and settled in Callaway county. Mo., in 1835, and in
1839 he settled in Audrain county. His children were — William,
Rebecca, Elizabeth, Polly, Robert, John, David, and James.
James, David and Amanda died in Indiana. Mr. Hall died in
1850, but his widow is still living, in her 77th year.

Henson, — Francis Henson, of Virginia, married Elizabeth
Hancock, a daughter of Stephen Hancock, and settled in Madison
county, Ky., from whence he removed to Missouri in 1838.
They had— Sarah, Elizabeth, William B., Zerelda, Polly A.,
Thomas H., and Frances. Sarah died single. Elizabeth mar-
ried Archibald Cress, of Kentucky. William B. married a Miss
Vaughan. Zerelda married James Horn. Polly A. married Bur-
goyne Bennett. Thomas H. was married first to Louisa J.
Bybee, and second to the widow Green. Frances married Moses
Baker.

Hall. — William Hall, of England settled in Pennsylvania, and

400 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

was killed by the Indians. His son John married Magdalene Smith,
and they had — John, William, Matthew, Jesse, Hezekiah, Elisha,
Tabitha, and Keziah. Elisha married Sarah Bent, and they had
ten children. Two of their sons, John and Burkes B., settled in
Missouri in 1832. John married Elizabeth Moon. She is dead,
but he is still living.

Hook. — Thomas Hook and Sally Long, his wife, were natives
of Maryland. They removed first to Kentucky, and from there
to Missouri in 1828. Their children were — Elizabeth, William,
James, Samuel, Thomas. Patsey, Polly, Nancy, and Matilda.
James married Cynthia Summit, and settled in Boone county,
Mo., in 1826. Samuel married Mary Simms, and settled in
Boone county in 1828. He died in 1829, and his widow married
Thomas Hook, who died in 1850. The first husband's children
were — Martha, Mary, and Samuel T., and the children of the
second were — Graham, Robert S., LucuUus, William H., Joseph,
and Martha E.

HuBBAKD. — Thomas Hubbard was a Hard-Shell Baptist
preacher. He bought a Bible that was published in London in
1708, for which he paid $100 in Continental money. The Bible
is now in possession of his great-grandson and namesake, Thomas
Hubbard, of Audrain county ; audit contains the genealogy of
the Hubbard family from 1718 to the present time. Thomas
Hubbard had a son named Thomas, who also was a Baptist
preacher. He was born in 1722, and learned the ship carpenter's
trade. He married Anna Brent, of Pennsylvania, and they had
one son, James. Mr. Hubbard was married the second time to
Anna Yerby, and they had — Gilbert, Thomas, Hill, and Estell.
He was married the third time to Anna Yarp, by whom he had —
Jabez, Mary, Asap, Ebenezer, Nancy, Hulda. and Harriet.
James, the eldest son, settled in Kentucky. Gilbert settled in
Howard county. Mo. , in 1807. Thomas settled in Washington
county, Mo. Hill died while he was a boy. Estell married St.
Clair Ledger, of Kentucky. Jabez was a member of the Legisla-
ture from St. Charles county in 1823-4. He died from the effects
of intemperance. Asap settled in Howard county in 1808, and
participated in the Indian war of 1812. He was a carpenter, and
a Hard-Shell Baptist preacher. He married Mary Stephenson,
who was living in New Madrid at the time of the great earth-
quakes. She was a granddaughter of Colonel Hugh Stephenson
of revolutionary fame. The children of Asap Hubbard were —
Henry C, Thomas J., Agnes E., and Fannie F. He settled in
Audrain county in 1830.

Jackson. — ^The parents of Zachariah Jackson, who were from
Ireland, settled in Pamlico county, N. C. Zach was a soldier of
the war of 1812, and was at the battle of New Orleans, where he

AUDRAIN COUNTY 401

was captured and held as a prisoner of war until peace was de-
clared. He then settled in Williamson county, Tenn., where he
married Malinda Slocum, by whom he had — Sarah A., James,
Mary J., Zelphft, Slocum, Riley, Malinda, and Permelia. Mr.
Jackson removed to Missouri with his family in 1819, and settled in
Howard county, from whence he removed to Boone county in 1822.
James, his eldest, married Asanith Turner, and settled in Audrian
county in 1834. He was appointed first Sheriff of the county,
but declined, and was elected the first Representative. He served
two terms. The revenues of the county were so small at that
time that his expenses had to be paid by the State. He was after-
ward clerk of the State Senate one term, and served as Judge of
the County Court eight years. He is also a Baptist preacher
of the Old School. Mr. Jackson says he was never "tight" but
once in his life, and then he felt so good he tried to burn the
grass on the prairie when the snow was a foot deep. He was very
fond of hunting in early days, and one time while out on the
prairie he came upon a rock about eight feet high, that had been
split in the center, and the two halves were lying about eight feet
apart. In 1860 he saw the same rock again, and the two pieces
had grown fast together, and were only three feet high.

Jesse. — Rev, William M. Jesse, of Cumberland Co., Va., was
an Old School Baptist preacher. He married Polly A. Parker,
and they had sixteen children — John P., Icham T., Mary A.,
Susan, Sally G., William J., Jesse S., Royal A., Paulina E.,
Cyrus S., Maria H., Alexander, and James M., several of whom
died in childhood. John P., Icham T., William J. and Royal A.
are all Baptist preachers, and live in Audrain county.

KiLGORE. — Jonathan Kilgore, of Ireland, emigrated to America
and settled in South Carolina, He removed from there to Cald-
well Co., Ky., where he and his wife both died, the latter being
81 years of age at the time of her death. Their children were —
John, David, William, Hugh, Jane, Samuel, Mary, and Jonatiian.
John and Hugh came to Missouri, the former in 1827 and the
latter in 1837. John was married first to Polly Willingham, and
they had — John, Samuel, Polly, Jane, Elizabeth, Nancy, and
Margaret. He was married the second time to Phoebe Tart, of
North Carolina, by whom he had Permelia, Amaretta, Lucinda,
James B., Erretta, Nathan F., and Parthena. Nathan F. married
Margaret J. Eller. Permelia married John H. Kilgore. Ama-
retta married Alfred Powell. Hugh, brother of John Kilgore, Sr.,
married Phoebe Bowlin, and, they had several children, all of
whom are dead. — John Hampton, Casana, and Isabella, children
of David Kilgore, of Caldwell Co., Ky., settled in Missouri.
John Hampton settled in Audrain county in 1830, and married
Margaret Willingham, who died, and he afterward married Per-
melia Kilgore. He had eighteen children in all. Casar a married
26

402 PIONEER FAMILIES OK MISSOURI

Icham Kilgore, who settled in Boone county in 1826, and in
Audrain in 1827. They had six sons and six daughters. Isabella
married William Wood, who settled in Callaway county in 1837,
and in Audrain in 1838. They had two sons and four daughters.

Levaugh. — Abraham Levaugh, of Woodford Co., Ky., was of
French descent. He had — Rebecca, Sally, Jane, William, Isaac,
James and Elizabeth. William married Polly Murphy, of North
Carolina, and settled in Montgomery Co., Mo., in 1823, and in
1832 he settled in Audrain county. He had but one child, a
son, who married Elizabeth Hall, by whom he had three sons.
He was marfied again to Minerva Jones, and they had three sons
and one daughter. Mr. Levaugh was a partner of the first mer-
chant in Mexico, Mo.

LocKRiDGE. — James Lockridge was born in Virginia, but
removed to and lived in Nicholson Co., Ky. His children were
— James, Jr., Robert, Andrew, William, and John. James and
John settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1828. The former married
Lavinia Hall, and they had — Margaret, Martha, James, Cynthia,
Elihu, John, Elizabeth, Perlissa A., Robert, and Melvina. John,
son of 'James Lockridge, Sr., married Mahala Brown, and they
had — John, Nancy, Martha, James, William, Robert, and Mary.
All of this family are now living in Audrain coi. .ty.

McClure. — John McClure, of Scotland, settled in Virginia,
and afterward removed to Clark Co., Ky. He had — John,
Andrew, Samuel, and two daughters. John married Polly Red-
mon, and settled in Missouri in 1832. They had — John, William,
Louisa, Polly A., Lucinda, Sally, Mary, and Margaret. Sam-
uel McClure married Emily Brown, and settled in Missouri in
1831. They had — James, David, John, Joseph, Clay, Elizabeth,
Mary, and Sallie.

McIntosh. — Loyd Mcintosh, of Logan Co., Ky., married
Catharine Harper, by whom he had — John, George L., Julia,
Rachel, and Jane. John married Elizabeth Gillum, and after his
death his widow settled in Missouri. George L. married Sarah
Harper, and settled in Missouri in 1838. Rachel married William
Mclntire, of Fulton, Callawa}"^ county.

McDoNNALD. — The parents of George and Jane McDonnald
were murdered by the Indians in the early settlement of Virginia.
GeOrge and his sister were in the lot, playing in a horse ti'ough,
when the attack was made. They lay down in the trough and
were not discovered by the savages.; but both of their parents,
who were in the house, were murdered. When George was
grown he married Mary Murdock, of Ireland, and they had —
John, Peter, Thomas, James, William, Elizabeth, and Ann. 'In
1795 they settled in Nicholas Co., Ky., where Mr. McDonnald
died, and his widow removed with her son William to Illinois,

AUDKAIK COUNTY 403

where she died. Thomas McDonnald married the widow Gray,
whose maiden name was Sarah Franklin, and settled in Missouri
in 1831, They had — Malinda, William H., Zerelda, Arthur,
Margaret, George, Elizabeth, Amanda, and Nancy, all of whom,
except Zerelda, settled in Missouri.

MuNDY. — Samuel Mundy, of Albemarle Co., Va., married
Mildred Croswhite. Two of their sons, Logan and Isaac, set-
tled in Missouri in 1836. Isaac afterward removed to California,
where he died. Logan married Lucinda Creed, and lives in
Audrain county. He came to Missouri poor, but has prospered,
and is now possessed of a goodly supply of worldly effects.

Martin. — John C. Martin, of Lincoln Co., N. C, married
Phoebe Allen, and settled in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1830. They
had — Allen, Thomas, Rufus, Robert, Nelson, Polly, Nancy, Eliz-
abeth, and Patsey. Mr. Martin was a devout Methodist, and
held family prayers regularly, night and morning ; but no one
could understand his prayers, as he used language which he alone
could interpret. It was his custom to give a corn shucking once
every year, and wind up with a quilting, as he was very much
opposed to dancing. One of his daughters married Henry Will-
iams, who at the time was so poor lie could not pay the minister,
but gave him an old spinning wheel for his trouble. Mr. Will-
iams afterward represented the county in the Legislature, and is
now one of the leading merchants of Mexico. Hecould pay sev-
eral parson's fees now without any trouble.

Myeus. — Yosty Myers was of German descent, and lived in
Maryland. His children were — Louis, Jacob, John, Mike, Ben-
jamin, Rebecca, and Mary. Louis married Elizabeth McKay, of
Virginia, and settled in Kentticky at a very early date. His chil-
dren were — Isaac M., Silas, William, Lewis, Elias B., Meredith,
Harvey S., Abishai M., jMary A., Elizabeth, Sally, and Rebecca.
jNIercdith married Nancy P. Jennings, a daughter of Gen. Will-
iam Jennings, of the war of 1812» and settled in Audrain Co.,
]Mo., where liis wife died. He afterward married Emeline Blue.
B}' his first wife he had two sons and four daughters. Lo^is
Myers came to Missouri and bought land, intending to remove
his l';unily here, Ijut he died on his way back to Kentucky. His
family came to Missouri after his death.

^IrwuAY. — William Murray, of Georgia, had five children —
Nancy, Timothy, WiUiam, Douglass, and Samuel. The latter
volunteered as a soldier in the war of 1812, when he was only
seventeen years of age. After he was grown he married Mary A.
Binns, and settled in Audrain Co., Mo., where he died in 1861,
in the G5th 3'ear of his age, leaving a widow and five children.

Mykrs. — Drury IVLyers, of Ireland, settled in Halifax Co., Va.

404 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

His children were — Drury, William, Gardner, and Beverly.
Drury married Nancy Douglass, who had seven brothers in the
American army during the revolutionary war. They settled first
in Tennessee, and removed from there to Kentucky, where Mr.
Myers died in 1828. He had six children, and his widow and
five of the children settled in Boone Co., Mo., in 1832. The
names of the children were — Sally, Drury D., Nancy, Beverl}- S.,
and William M. Sally married Marion Pate, who settled in
Audrain county in 1835, Drury D. married Mary A. Barnes, and
settled in Audrain county in 1833, Nancy married Hiram G.
Miller, who also settled in Audrain county, Beverly S. was
married first to Martha Ridgeway, and settled in Audrain county
in 1833, He was married the second time to Emelia E, Bladus.
William M. married Elizabeth H. Barnes, and settled in Audrain
county in 1834.

McIntire. — Daniel McTntire and his wife, who was a Mis&
Weaver, were natives of Virginia, but removed to Kentuck}', and
settled near Lexington. 'I'hey had — CharlesW., Roland, Duskin,
William, Catharine, Frances, Jane, and Elizabeth, Charles W.
settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1819, and in Audrain in 1836<
He was married in July, 1829, to Margaret Harrison, of Callaway
county, and they had — Donald, Thomas, William, Eliza, Cynthia,
and Nancy. Mr. McIntire was very fond of a joke, and never
let and opportunity pass to indulge in one ; but he got badly sold
on a certain occasion. The people of Callaway county had been
taunting the citizens of Audrain, and saying they had no mon'ey^
and in order to convince them that there was soipe money in
Audrain, he gave a man a $20 gold piece, and told him to go
into Callaway and show it to everybody he could see, and tell
them it was from Audrain, The fellow took the money and
departed, and is doubtless showing it around yet, as he never re-
turned it to its owner. On another occasion Mr, McIntire
endeavored to borrow the entire revenue of the county from the
Sheriff, who was conveying it to Jefferson City, It consisted of
$32 in money and six wolf scalps, Roland McIntire was born in
Fleming Co., Ky., in 1800. He married Maria Hunter, of Ohio,
and settled in Audrain county. Mo., in 1831. He hewed the logs
to build his house, and while they were lying in the woods some
Indians set the woods on fire, and the logs were burnt black, ren-
dering them unfit, in that condition, for use. Mr. McIntire and
a party of his neighbors pursued the Indians, and caught and
whipped them, to learn them not to do so. another time. He then
hewed his logs again and built his house. He had eight children —
Roland, Jr., Marvin, Amanda, Laura, Mary, Fleming, Catharine,
and Redmon. Duskin and William McIntire remained in Ken-
tucky. Catharine married Lewis Day, who settled in Audrain
countv in 1830. The widow of Frank McIntire lives in Fulton,

AUDRAIN COUNTY 405

Mo. Jane married James McClannahan, of Callaway county.
Elizabeth married Wiley Reynolds, of the same county.

MusiCK. — About the last of the seventeenth century, a small
boy was found in Wales who could give no account of his parents
or himself, except that his first name was George. George mani-
fested a fondness for music, and his friends surnamed him
Musick, as the word was then spelled. He emigrated to
Virginia in the beginning of the eighteenth century, where he
raised five sons, viz : Daniel, George, Alexis, Ephraim, and Abra-
ham. He also raised some daughters, but of these we know
neither the number nor names. Ephraim married a Miss Roy, and
raised a family in Spottsylvania county. He raised two daugh-
ters, one of whom married a Jenkins, and one a Cauthorn. He
raised four sons, viz: Abraham, John, Thomas R., and Ephraim.
Thomas R. Musick was born October 10, 1757. He joined the
Baptist Church, and commenced preaching at about seventeen
years of age. He went to Nortli Carolina during the revolution-
ary war, where he married Mary Nevel. Thomas served a part
of the time in the American army. He removed to South
/Carolina in the year 1789, and in 1794, he removed to Barren
■county. He visited Missouri several times while it was under the
Spa,ni8h Government, and preached in St. Louis county as early
as the year 1797. While preaching there he was frequently
threatened with violence. In the spring of 1804 he removed
with his family to Missouri and settled in St. Louis county, one
mile north of the present town of Bridgeton. Shortly afterward
he instituted Fefee Creek Baptist Church, which was doubtless
the first Baptist Church west of the Mississippi river, of which he
was pastor for many years. In the year of 1823 or 1824 his wife
Mary died at home in St. Louis county. After the death of his
wife, he made his home at the house of his nephew, Ury Musick,
a son of Abraham Musick. He continued to preach in various
parts of Missouri and Illinois until a short time previous to his
death, which occurred on the 2d of December, 1842, at the
house of Ury Musick. The family of Thomas consisted of three
sons and six daughters, viz: William, Nancy, Lewis, Mary,
Charlotte, Sarah, Drucilla, Joyce, and Thomas. William died at
seven or eight years of age, and Thomas at sixteen ; all th.e
others lived to be grown and married. Lewis Musick was born
the 1st day of February, 1784. He came with his father to Mis-
souri in 1804, and married Nancy Martin, who died some years
afterward, after which he married Mary Fitzwater. Lewis re-
moved to Pike county in the fall of 1819, and from there to Au-
drain county in the spring of 1839. From Missouri he went
to California, starting on the 15th of April, 1849. He died in
Sacramento Valley, October 27, 1849. He was engaged in trading
in live stock during the greater part of his life, and. in the course

406 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

of his business was occupied in driving liorses and eatUe in
various directions all the way from Texas to Selkirk's Colony on
North Red river, the country over which he had to pass for the
most part a savage wilderness. Lewis raised ten children, viz:
Lawson T., Elvira, Lafrenier C, Mary Ann, Charlotte
M., Sarah T., Thomas R., Ephraim L., James J., and Mandana
A. Lafrenier was born in St. Louis county on the 29th daj^ of
July, 1815, and married Jane D. Hayden. He joined the Baptist
Church in March, 1833, commenced preaching immediatelj* after-
ward, and was ordained in October, 1835. His present residence
is in Audrain county.

Mansfield, — Robert Mansfield and Mourning Clark, his wife,
of Virginia, had — WiUiam H., James W., Thomas M., Robert
C, Joseph, Mildred, Elizabeth, Nancy H., Mary, Sarah, and
Susannah. "William H., James W. and Joseph were Baptist
preachers, Thomas M. was a Methodist preacher, and Robert wa&
a Presbyterian preacher. The latter settled in Audrain countj'
in 1836, and he and Mr. J. H. Smith entered the land on which
the city of Mexico stands. They donated 25 acres to the city
the same year. Robert C. Mansfield married Elizabeth S. Beatty,
and they had — Malinda, Marj', William, Edward, Charles and
Lelia. Mildred, Elizabeth, Nancy H. and Sarah, daughters of
Robert Mansfield, Sr., remained in Virginia. Mary married and
settled in Illinois. Susannah married and settled in Monroe Co.,^
Missouri.

Petley. — Joseph Petley, of Warren Co., Ky., married Nancy
Hamilton, and they had — Alfred, Allen, Alexander, John, George,
Mar}'', Margaret, Rachel, and Nancy. Alfred settled in Audrain
county in 1828. He was married first to Malinda Meigs, by
whom he had three children. He was married the second time
to Cynthia Howard, by whom he had nine children. Mr. Petley
was the greatest hunter and trapper of his day. It is said by
those who had opportunities of knowing, that he killed more
bears, deer, panthers, wild cats, raccoons, and wild turkeys than
any two men in Missouri. He was very stout, and was often
seen carrying two deer, one strapped on each shoulder, and
his gun at the same time. He would carry such a load as this for
miles without seeming to grow weary. He lived to a very oid
age, and died in 1874. While he was lying on his death-bed he
had his gun and powder horn, a set of bucks' antlers, and the
skins of a wild cat, raccoon and bear hung where he could see
them, and they were the last objects that his gaze rested upon as
his soul took its flight to the spirit land. Allen Petley settled in
Moijtgomery county, and married Ellen Bishop. Alexander also
settled in Montgomery county. One day during harvest he cut
seven acres of wheat with a cradle, and drank a large quantity of
cold water while he was heated, from the eflTects of which he died

AUDRAIN COUNTY 407

that night.. Margaret married Taliaferro Reed, who settled in
Montgomery county in 1834. Rachel married William Williams,
who settled in that county the same year.

PuLis. — The parents of John Pulis, of New York City, were
Irish. John was married twice, and by his first wife he had
David and Courad. His second wife was a Miss Plunkett, by
whom he had Peter and John. David was married in the city of
New York, to Phoebe Taylor, by whom he had — Elizabeth, Will-
iam, John, Reuben, Conrad, and Samuel E. Mr. Pulis removed
to Kentucky, where he lost his wife, and was married again to
Mary N. Gardner, by whom he had — Thomas M., Stephen M.,
George, and Joseph. He then removed to Warren Co., Mo.,
where he died in 1848. William and John Pulis married and set-
tled in Missouri in 1829 and 1830. Reuben run away from home
when he was sixteen years old, and came to Missouri. He landed
at Hannibal, which at that time consisted of one house. There
he made a bark canoe and went down the Mississippi river to St.
Louis, from whence he worked his way back to Kentucky on a
steamboat. He then learned the trade of a blacksmith, and mar-
ried the widow Hutson. Her property consisted of a feather bed,
a gun, a cradle, two chairs and a pair of scissors ; while he had
$25 in money and a set of blacksmith's tools. He paid the $25
to a man to haul himself and wife and their property to Missouri.
They settled first in Audrain county, removed from there to Cal-
laway, and returned to Audrain again, where Mrs. Pulis died,
and he afterward married Nancy McDonald. Mr. Pulis was a
Justice of the Peace in Audrain county for six years. Conrad,
Samuel, Thomas and Stephen Pulis married and settled in Mis-
souri, Thomas in Audrain county.

Peery. — James Peery and his wife, who was a Miss Jameson,
were natives of Ireland. They settled in Tazewell Co., Va., and
had — Thomas, James, John, William, and Samuel. Mr. Peery
and his son Thomas were both soldiers in the revolutionary war.
The former was wounded severely, and the latter was killed.
Samuel Peer}- married Sarah Cartman, by whom he had — John,
William, Joseph, Thomas, Martha, Elizabeth, Althamira, and
Matilda. Thomas married Narcissa Canterberry, and split rails
at 50 cents per 100 to get money to pay the parson. He paid
his first taxes in Audrain county in 1837, to Jack Willingham,
who was the first Sheriff. His taxes amounted to two wolf scalps
and half-a-pound of powder. Mr. Peery is a devoted Methodist,
and loves to attend camp-meetings. He was present at a camp-
meeting, a good many years ago, when a violent rain and wind
storm came up and broke the ridge pole of the large tent, which
let the canvas sink down in the shape of a funnel, into which a
large quantity of water gathered, when some one cut a hole in the
canvas and the water rushed out with such violence that the

408 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

preachers were washed out of the pulpit and the women away
from the altar.

Pearson. — Stephen Pearson, ofBurch county, N. C, married
Mary Potts, and thej' had twd sons, John A. and Joseph, both
of whom settled in Audrain county, Mo., where the city of Mexico
now stands, in 1835. When the town was laid off the following
year, Joseph donated three acres of land to help it along. John
A. married Nancy Carlton, of North Carolina, by whom he had —
Rufus S., Leander P., John V., Marschall C, Joseph W., Clinton
P., Julia A., Mary E., Emily L., and Elizabeth L. In addition
to his own family Mr. Pearson had eight negro slaves, and they
all lived in two small cabins for a number of years. He served
eight years as a member of the County Court, and was an
esteemed and influential citizen.

Powell. — Thomas Powell and Nancy Chancy, his wife, were
natives of Maryland, but settled in Nicholas county, K3\, in 1796.
They had eleven children, nine of whom lived to be grown, viz. :
John, Charles, Jerry, Thomas, Isaac, William, Robert, Polly,
and Nancy. John, Isaac, and Nancy settled in Indiana. Charles,
Thomas, and William Hved in Kentucky. Polly married, and she
and her husband lived in Ohio. Jerry settled in Illinois. Robert
was a soldier of the war of 1812, and became an early settler of
Audrain county, where he still lives in his 83d j^ear. He was mar-
ried first to Ceiia Murphy, of Kentucky, by whom he had — Alvin,
Alfred, Monroe, Jefferson, Jameson, Columbus, Jackson, Robert
T., Julia A., Nancy, and Grezella. Mr. Powell was married two
other times, his last wife being the widow Hunt. All of his chil-
dren live in Audrain county.

RoDGERS. — Charles Rodgers and his wife, Elizabeth Harris, of
Halifax county, Va., had one son, Charles B., who was aLieuten-
ant in the war of 1812. He settled in Callaway county. Mo., in
1829, and at the commencement of the war with Mexico he raised
a company in Callaway and Audrain counties, and served as
Captain of his company (luring the war. His wife was Aletha
Overfelt, of Bedford cdunty, Va. , and their children were — Rich-
mond H., Charles A., Andrew J., James C, John L., Elizabeth
J., Sarah H,, Virginia C, Thomas R., Isaac C, William
G., and Aletha J. Charles A. was a private in his father's com-
pany during the Mexican war.

Reed. — Zachariah Reed, of Richmond, Va., married Margaret
Cockrell, by whom he had five sons and five daughters. They
left Virginia and settled in Kentucky, where they lived for many
years. Their son James, who was a coppersmith, married Susan
WiUiford, and settled in Boone county, Mo., in 1826, and in
Audrain county in 1834, where he still lives, in his 87th .year.
He served in the war of 1812, under Isaac Shelby, in Canada.
He had two sons and seven daughters.

AfUKAIX COUNTY 409

Rkvnolds. — John Reynolds, of South Carohna, married Nancy
Griggs, by wliom he had — Alien, John, Sarah, Shadrach, Emily,
William, WilcNS Judith, Joseph, and Durham. Mr. Reynolds
settled in Boone county, Mo., in 1829, and in Audrain county in
1832.

Rose. — George Rose and his wife, of Germany had three chil-
dren— Louis, Martin, and Matthias. Louis was Colonel of a
regiment in the battle of Blue Liclis, Ky., and was captured and
taken to Detroit, where he was exchanged, and returned home in
August, 1783. Matthias married Nancy Hickman, of Loudon
<;ounty, Va., and settled in St. Louis Co., Mo., in 1818. His chil-
dren were — Louis, IClga H., RoUey F., Elizabeth, Sarah, and
Angeline. Louis married Elizabeth Massey, and they had one
son, Frank E., who lives in St. Louis county. Elga H., better
known as Judge Rose, lives In Mexico, Mo. He married EUlen
B. Sullivan, and they had Matthias D. and Lucy E. Rolley F.
•was married first to Mary Clark, by whom he had — Louis, Will-
iam, Fi'anklin, and Nancy. He was married the second time to
Adeline DeHare, a French lady. Elizabetli married James Mc-
Clure. Sarah married Nicholas S. Burkhart. Angeline married
Benjamin D. Ray.

Russell. — Mr. Russell, of North Carolina, was a soldier of the
revolutionary war. He married in North Carolina, and settled in
Campbell county, Va. His children were — Mark, Henry, Daniel,
and Louis. Daniel married Lucy Lane, and settled in Carroll
county. Mo., 1836. Louis married Jane Davidson, and they
had — Frank, David, WiUiam, Eliza, Henry, John, and three
others. Mr. Russell lived for many years on the Ohio river, in
West Virginia, and made regular trips to New Orleans with flat-
boats. He was fond of hunting and trapping, and devoted a
great deal of time to those occupations. He settled in Audrain
c-ounty, Mo., in 1835, and died in 1872, in the 84th year of his
age.

Si'ENCEU. — Barnard Spencer and his wife, Mary Hampton, of
Gallatin Co., Ky., had — Preston H., Sarah A., Joseph D., James
H., Eliza, Rosa, Susannah, Henry H., and Barnard H. Joseph
D. married Elizabeth Bishop, and settled in Audrain county in
1839. Henry H. was married twice, and settled in Audrain
county. Barnard H., Eliza and Susannah also settled in Audrain
county.

Strahan. — John Strahan was the son of Robert Strahan and
Nancy Scott, of Doun Co , Ireland. When John was three
years old his mother died, and in 1812 his father came to Amer-
ica, bringing his son with him, and settled in Beaver Co., Pa.
His brother William and sister Nancy also came with them. John
lost his father when he was only eleven years of age, and he was

410 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

bound out to learn the carpsnter's trade. But that trade did not
suit him, and he left the man he was bound to and learned the
boot and shoe business. He also procured books and acquired
such an education as he could by his own efforts. He was natu-
ralized in 1824, and settled in Lincoln Co., Ky., in 1832, where
he married Celia Canterberry, by whom he had four sons and four
daughters. He came to Missouri in 1841, and settled first in
Platte county, but removed from there to Audrain county in 1844.
In 1849 he went to California, and during his absence his wife
died. He returned home in 1854, and married Cynthia Eubank.
He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1846, but resigned his
office when he went to California. He was re-elected upon his
return, and continued to hold the offiae for many years. He has
been a great friend of public improvements, and when the North
Missouri Railroad was built he subscribed largely to the capital
stock, saying that if he could not pa,y his railroad tax when it was
due, he would take his spade and work it out. The Esquire is
now living on his farm in Audrain county, and is a worthy and
respectable citizen.

Shock. — Henry Shock, of Germany, emigrated to America and
settled first in Pennsylvania, from whence he removed to Green-
briar Co., Va. His children were — Henry, John, Jacob, Rayner,
Christina, and Sally. John married Polly Shiley, and^they had —
Milley, David, Henry, Hector P. L., Eliza, Polly, William,
Rebecca, Peggy, and Sarah. Mr. Shock settled in Boone Co.,
Mo., in 1816, and built a horse-mill. His son Henry was married
first to Mary Jackson, and second to Hannah L. Cox, and by his
two wiye's he had sixteen children. He settled in Audrain county
in 1831, and bought out Richard Willinghara, "stock, lock and
barrel," for $80. He afterward purchased the property of Colonel
Robert Fulkerson, whose land adjoined his, and the latter
removed to Montgomery county. Mr. S!iock is called the "fat
man" of Audrain, county and we give his portrait on page 228. Da-
vid Shock married Cynthia Gibson, of Boone county. Hector P. L.
married Sarah A. Jackson, and settled in Bates county, where he
died. Eliza married Thomas Strickland, the first stage contrac-
tor on the Booneslick road, Polly married William Brewer. Will-
iam married the widow Evans. Margaret married Perry Cox.
Sarah A. married Milton Blythe. Richard died in childhood.

Stephenson. — Hugh Stephenson, of Ireland, settled in Penn-
sylvania, and fought under Washington during the revolutionary
war. His children were — John, Hugh, Richard, and Marcus.
The three latter also served in the revolutionary war. Marcus
married Agnes Hinkson, and they had — Polly, Elizabeth, Hugh,
Nancy, Marcus, Peggy, and Garret. Mr. Stephenson removed
to Missouri in 1807, and died in 1814, while on his way to How-
ard county. His widow afterward married Thomas Reynolds, of

AUDRAIN COUXTY 411

Kentucky, and died in 1865, Garret, son of Marcus Stephen-
son, married Effle A. Blue, and livfes in Audrain county.

Slocum. — Joseph Slocum, of England, settled in North Carolina,
•where he married .Mary Riley, and they had — Riley, Nancy, Rob-
ert, and Cynthia. Riley married the widow Potts, whose maiden
name was Nancy Crockett, of. Tennessee, and settled in Boone
Co., Mo., in 1819. They had— Nancy, Robert and Cynthia.
Nancy, daughter of Riley Slocum, married Joseph M. Gray, and
they had two children. Cynthia married Elliott P. Cunningham.
Robert is a bachelor, and lives in Audrain county. Riley Slocum
was married the second time to Annie Herring, by whom he had^—
William, Alfred, Joseph, Susan, John C, and Amanda J. The
first four died young. Amanda J. was married first to Charles
V. McWiUiams, and second to Oliver C. Cunningham. She had
two children by her second husband, Charles and Price.

Thomas. — Jackson Thomas was born and raised in Mercer Co.,
Ky., but removed to Monroe Co., Mo., in 1834, and to Audrain
county in 1838. He married Sarah D. McGee, and they had —
Ida C, James S., Mary J., Louisa A., Sarah E., Susan F., Mar-
tha E., and William J.

TiNSLEY. — The father of Edward Tinsley came from Scotland
and settled on James river, in Virginia, before the revolutionary
war. Edward married Elizabeth Buford, who was a sister of
Colonel William Buford of the revolutionary war. They had —
Caleb, Henry, Joshua, William, Abraham, Judith, Elizabeth,
Rachel, and Frances. Caleb married Elizabeth Medley, of Vir-
ginia, and they had — Ann, Mildred, Peachey, Frances E., and
Abraham B. Mr. Tinsley removed to Kentucky in 1816, and
settled in Callaway Co., Mo., in 1837. Abraham B. mairied
Rachel Jains, and settled in Audrain county in 1837. He was
Sheriff of that county three terms, and represented it in the Leg-
islature two terms.

Talley. — George, Abraham, Richard, and William Talley were
born and raised in England, but settled in Halifax Co., Va., at a
very early date. George and William came to Missouri in 1817,
and settled in Howard county, where they remained two years
and then removed to Boone county. William settled in Audrain
county in 1829, and George in 1831. The latter married Martha
Wilson, and they had — William, Jr., Sally, James, Martha, Har-
riet, George, Boswell W., Wiley, and Judith. William Talley,
Sr., married Judith Wilson, of Virginia, and they had — Eliza-
beth, John, Daniel, Wiley, Berry, Jennie, George, William and
Lethe.

Turner, — Thomas Turner, of Virginia, married Catharine
Smith, of the same State, and settled on the Yadkin river, in
North Carolina. They had a son named William, who was born

412 PIONEEK FA.MIJ.IJiS OF MISSOURI

in January, 1778, and is now living in Audrain Co., Mo. He has
been a member of the Old Baptist Church for seventy-six yeairs.
He Avent to Kentucky with his parents in 1790, where he married
Elizabeth Crooks, and in 1837 he settled in Boone Co., Mo.,
where he resided until 18G9, when he settled in Audrain county.
His children were — Thomas, James, CUnton, John, Samuel,
Silas, Mary, Lucinda, Nellie, Sarah, Margaret, Narcissa, Eliza-
beth, and Catharine. Four of Mr. Turner's brothers, Smithton,
James, John, and Thomas, settled in Boone Co., Mo.

Vaughan. — Frederick Vaughan was a soldier of the revolution,
and lived intlenry Co., Va. He married Nancy Boulware,
and they had — Catharine, Poll}'', Nancy, Fannie, Patsey,
Robertson, Frederick, and Martin, all of whom settled in Shelby
Co., Ky. Martin, Frederick, Polly, Fannie, and Patsy came to
Missouri with their parents. . Martin was married three times ;
first to Rebecca Taylor, second to Susannah Proffit, and third to
Coroline Wilborn. He had only three children, and is now a
widower in his 80th year.

Wayne. — John Wayne, of Virginia, had a son named Temple,
who was of a roving disposition and passionately fond of hunting.
He settled in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1827, and killed six deer the
first day he stopped there. During the hunting seasons no one
killed more deer and wolves than he did, and he lived for years
entirely on wild game. He was never satisfied except when he
was in the woods, where he spent neai'ly all of his time, night
and day — Sunday being like any other day to him. He was mar-
ried first to Loiinda Peyton, by whom he had — William, Mary,
Temple, Jr., Joseph, Lorinda, Jane, and James. He was mar-
ried the second time to Elizabeth Griggs, and they had — Lucy
A., George, Elizabeth, Emily, Alfred, and Franklin.

Wilson. — Moses Wilson married Mary Russell, of Virginia,
and settled in Boone Co., Ky. They had — John H., Sarah,
Martha, William, Elizabeth, Samuel, Susan, and Chrine. John
H. was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Susan Sim-
mons, and settled in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1834. They had —
Sally, Martha A., Esther, William W., Mary, Joseph R., Susan
C. , and Samuel M.

Williams. — Cobb Williams was a native of Virginia, but set-
tled in Lincoln Co., N. C, where he married Patsey Brown. He
settled in Audrain Co., Mo., in 1830. His children were — Polly,
Patsey, Delilah, Grandersou, Caleb, John, William L., Gideon,
and Absalom. John and Delilah died in North Carolina. Polly
married John Allen. Patsey married John Kilgore. Granderson
and Abraham live in Monroe county. Caleb is in California.
William L. was married first to Cordelia Kilgore, and second to
Mary E. Evans. Gideon married Elizabeth GuUey. Caleb Will-

AUDRAIN COUNTY 413

iams, Sr.,died in 1832, and his funeral was the first preached
in Audrain county. The services were conducted by Rev. Robert
Younger, a Methodist minister of Boone county.

Weatherford. — John "Weatherford, of Ireland, settled in
Virginia at an early date. His children were — George, Joel,
Archibald, Harden, Lindsley, and Milley. Joel married Catha-
rine Dry, and settled first in Kentucky, from whence he removed
to Pike Co., Mo., in 1829. They had one child, Polly, when
Mrs. Weatherford died, and he married Margaret Dry, by whom
he had — Catharine, George J., Joel M., Caroline, Margaret,
Jane, Frank, and Jacob. Joel M. married Mary B. Stanford.
Polly married Frank McCord. Catharine married John Pardon.
George J. married Susan Johnson. Caroline married S. T. Love.
Margaret married William Hoard. Jane married George' Walker.
Frank married Anna Atkins, and Jacob married a Miss Ferrell.

WiLLiNGHAM. — Many years before the revolutionary war, a
family of Willinghams lived in North Carolina. About 1800 two
brothers of the family, named John and William, settled in Ken-
tucky, and in 1816 they came to Missouri and settled on Rocky
Fork creek, within the present limits of Boone county, from
whence they removed to what is now Audrajn county in 1825.
John Willingham had a son named Jack, who was the first Sh'erifl!'
of Audrain county. He collected the revenues in 1837, which
amounted to $32 in money and six wolf scalps.

Watts. — Samuel Watts, of Halifax Co., Va.. was born in En-
gland. He married Sally Burchett, and they had — Rebecca,
Daniel, Lizzie, Gillum, John, Roland, Joseph, Berry, Brackett,
and Sally. Roland married Polly Lane, and settled in Audrain
county in 1833. Joseph was married first to Dorothea Conner,
of Virginia, and second to the widow of Henry Burnes, whose
maiden name was Arsissa Johnson, daughter of Richard Johnson
and Ann Withens, who came from Bourbon Co., Ky., to Callaway
Co., Mo., in 1824.

Woods. — Andrew Woods, of Mercer Co., Ky., married Mary
McGee, and they had — John, James, and William. John and
James settled in Monroe Co., Mo. William married Jane Card-
well, and settled in Audrain county in 1837. They had — George
A., David, James, William, Mary A., Joseph, John, Albert,
Olivia, Martha J., and Susan.

Woods. — The parents of Archibald Woods were Irish. He
was ^parried in Virginia, and removed to Kentucky during the
early settlement of that State, where he was killed by the Indians
during one of their attacks upon the fort where he and his family
were staying. He left a widow and four children — William,
Franklin, Nancy, and Archibald. William was married in Ken-

41 i PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

tucky, and settled in Missouri in 1820. Frank died unmarried in
Boonc Co., Mo. Nancy married William MuUina, who settled in
Howard county in 1820. Archibald married Fannie Hill, and
settled in Callaway county in 1826. His children were — David
H., Elizabeth, John, Nellie, Nancy, and Patsey. David H. mar-
ried Sarah Reynolds, and lives in Audrain county.

West. — William West married a Miss Bybee, and removed
from Virginia to North Carolina, and in 1800 he settled in East
Tennessee. Mr. West was a soldier of the revolutionary war,
and while he was in the army his wife kept all the pewter ware,
of which she had quite an amount, buried to keep the soldiers
from moulding it into bullets. Their eldest son, Joiley H., mar-
ried Nancy Williaihs, of North Carolina, by whom he had—
James, John, Emily, William, Elizabeth, Jeremiah J., and
Louisa. After the death of Mr. West his widow came to Mis-
souri with three of her children, Jeremiah J., William and
Elizabeth, and settled in Audrain county in 1834. Mrs. West
afterward married Elias Gilpin, who removed to Texas. William
West married Polly MuUins, of Tennesse. Jeremiah J. married
Zelpha Hatton, of Kentucky, by whom he had ten children,
nearly all of whom are named for Methodist preachers. Louisa
West married B. A. Fields, and died in 1856, leaving seven
children.

PAET lY

BIOGRAPHIES AND SKETCHES.

TiiE reader will find in the following pages the biographies of a
few leading men and pioneers of the region of country embraced
in the plan of this work, with several sketches of an interesting
character. Also a life of the celebrated Indian Chief Black
Hawk, with an account of his exploits as a warrior in Lincoln
and St. Charles counties, taken from his autobiography as pub-
lished in 1836, by Antoine Leclair, at that time U. S. Interpreter
for the Sac and Fox Indians, and to whom Black Hawk dictated
the matter contained in the book. A history of the Black Hawk
war, so often referred to in these pages, is also given in that con-
nection.

BISHOP ENOCH M. MARVIN.

The Marvin family is a very old one, dating back in this
country to about 1635. Like most of our American families, it
originated in England, but we have no account of it previous to
its advent into this country.

Reinold Marvin came from England to America with bis family
about the year 1635. He settled first in Hartford, Ct., but soon
removed from there to the town of Lyme, in the same State. Mr.
Marvin was an intelligent man, and fully appreciating the value
and power of knowledge, he educated his children as well as he
could in those early times, when schools, books and teachers were
not so abundant as they are now. The result was that his chil-

416 PIONEKR FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

dren occupied leading positions in the community where they
lived, and were distinguished for their intelligence, fine social
qualities, and good characteristics as citizens.

Lieutenant Reinold Marvin, a son of Reinold Marvin, Sr., was
born (probably in England) in 1634, and died in Lyme, Ct., in
1676. He was a prominent and influential citizen, and in addi-
tion to his services as a soldier, in assisting to defend his country
against the attacks of a savage foe, he occupied a high position in
civil affairs, and I'epresented the Colony in the General Court, a
body similar to our modern Legislatures. His son. Captain
Reinold Marvin, was born in Lyme, Ct., in 1669, and died in
1737. He represented his native town in the General Court from
1721 to 1728, and was also an officer in the colonial army.

Elisha, son of Captain Reinold Marvin, was born in Lyme,
March 8, 1717, and died December 3, 1801. He married Catha-
rine Mather, daughter of Timothy Mather, who was a member of
the celebrated Cotton Mather family.*

Enoch, son of Elisha Marvin, was born in Lyme, Ct., in
1747. He married Ruth Ely, and removed to Berkshire county,
Mass., where his son. Wells Ely, \\;as born. Soon after that event
Mr. Marvin removed to Shenango county, N. Y. , where his. family
was principally reared. In 1817 he came to Missouri with his
son, and died December 24, 1841.

Wells Ely Marvin was born in Berkshire county, Mass., as
above stated. He married Polly Davis, whose ancestors were

* Inc-rease, the father of Cotton Mather, was born at Dorchester, Mass., June 21,
1C39. He graduated at Harvard College in 1G5C, and in .June 1685 he became President
of that institution of learning, which position he occupied until 1701. He was or-
dained a minister of the gospel in 1661, but had preached before with great success
in Boston. He also distinguis-hed himself as a skillful statesman, and among other
public services rendered to his county, he prevented the Charter of Massachusetts
from being surrendered to ihe King, Charles' JI., for which he received the thanks
of the General Court. He died at Boston, August 23, 1723, :n the 85th yeai: of his age,
having been a preacher sixty-six years. It is gaid that he usually spent sixteen
hours a (jay in his study, and his sermons and other publications were proportiona-
bly numerous. During the witchcraft delusion he exerted all his influence to allay-
the excitement, and thereby saved many persons from a violent death at the hands
of an ignorant and superstitious mob.

Cotton Mather, D. -D., son of Increase Mather, surpassed even his father in learn-
ing, influence, and the variety and multitude of his productions. In one year he
preached 72 sermons, kept 60 fasts and 20 vigils, and wrote 14 books. His publications
amount to 382, some of them being of huge dimensions. His largest and most cele-
brated work is his Magnalia Chriati Americana, or the Ecclesiastical History of New
England, from 1625tol698, in seven books, folio. He was born in Boston, February
12, 1663, graduated at Harvard College in 1678, and was ordained a minister in 1684.
He died in 1728, aged 65 years, with the reputation of having been the greatest scholar
and author that America had then produced.

LIFE OF BISHOP AIARVIN 417

Welch, and came to Missouri in 1817. He settled on Dardenne
creek, in the eastern part of Howell's Prairie, where he remained
one year, and then removed to now Warren county, and settled two
and a half miles southwest of the present town of Wright City, on
a small stream called Barrett's creek. There he built a double-log
cabin, and covered it with rough clapboards, which wei-e kept in
their places by heavy poles laid transversely across the boards. A
wooden chimney stood at each end of the house, and between the
two rooms there was a passage or hall. Each room was lighted bv
a single small, square window, containing but one sash. In this
house Bishop Marvin was born, but was principally raised in a
new hewed log house which his father built after his birth. The
latter is still standing, and is what is known as a story and a half
house ; that is, the second story is only half as high as th6 first,
and so low that a grown person can stand upright onlj' in the
middle of the room, under the cone of the roof. The Bishop and
his brothers slept in this low upper-storj', which thej' entered
through a door in the gable end of the house, which \fas reached
by a ladder on the outside. If a storm or an accident overthrew
the ladder, they were prisoners until some one came to their re-
lief and hoisted it up again, for there was no other mode of
egress or ingress. As they lay in their beds they could plainly
hear the pattering of the rain upon the roof, and in the morninor
they were aroused by the singing of birds in the branches of the
trees over their heads. Two little windows in their humble
chamber looked out upon a rolling, hilly country, covered with
oak, hickory and walnut trees, among the branches of which
squirrels played and frolicked in undisturbed merriment. Beau-
tiful green cedars fastened their roots in the sides of the rocky
hills, and gave an emerald tinge to the solemn forest shade.
Little rivulets, warbling down the sides of the hills, mingled their
sparkling waters with the more pretentious brook in the valley
below, and murmuring a quiet salutation, flowed on together to
the river and the ocean. Raised in the midst of such surround-
ings, the embryjo Bishop necessarily acquired a poetic nature as
he grew up, and much of the beautiful imagery of his incompar-
able sermons, which flow from his lips in streams of sparkling
metai)hors, can be traced to his early associations.

Wells E. Marvin and wife had four children, all of whom were
born in Warren county, viz. : Elisha, born April 19, 1818, married
in 1845 to Margaret Faulkner, and died about 1850 ; Nathaniel
27

418 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Davis, born August 13, 1821; Enoch Mather, born June 12,
1823; Maria, born September 1, 1831, and died about 1851.
Nathaniel D. lives in Pilse county. Mo., is married and has a
family.

Mr. Marvin was not a member of any church, and made no pre-
tensions to religion ; but he never threw any obstacles in the way
of the religious training of his children. He died December 30,
1856, and was buried in the family graveyard on the home place.

Mrs. Marvin was a member of the Baptist Church, and a
devoutly religious woman. She instructed her children in the
principles of Christianity from the earliest moment that they
could comprehend her words, and they grew up with a firm faith
in its truths and divine origin. Bishop Marvin stated in his fare-
well sermon in St. Louis, before starting on his journey to China
and the East, that the first distinct recollection of his life was sit-
ting on his mother's knee and listening to her sing —

" Alas! and did my Saviour bleed,"
while the tears rolled down her cheeks and fell upon his upturned
face. She was a superior woman, intelligent and refined, and so
gentle and kind in her disposition that no one could know her
without loving her. The deA'otion of her children amounted
almost to idolatry, and the two who are still living never pass
near the old home without making a pilgrimage to her humble
grave. Her teachings are manifest in their lives and characters,
and the good seed which she sowed, with apparently but little pros-
pect of its fruition, has brought forth a thousand fold, in the
spread of the truths which she inculcated around the globe. She
taught school a considerable length of time in a small house that
was built for that purpose in the yard, and there she imparted to
her own children and the youth of the neighborhood the elements
of an English education. This house, we believe, is still stand-
ing. She died January 1, 1858, and was buried by the side of her
husband.

Bishop Marvin began to exhibit evidences of his oratorical tal-
ents at a very early age. Frequently he would gather his youth-
ful playmates around him, mount upon a stump in the woods or
fields, and astonish them with a speech, or sermon replete with
beautiful thoughts, clothed in the language of natural eloquence.
In their neighborhood debating societies he stood higher than all
the others, and no one could compete with him. If he had the
weak side of a question he would present it so plausibly, and with

LIFE OF BISHOP MARVIN 419

SO much eloquence, foi'ce and wit, that the judges would forget the
merits of the case and unanimously declare him the victor.

It was customary in their societies for the opposing speakers to
announce themselves as candidates for some office, and then
present their claims to their constituents in the best manner they
could. After the speakers were all done, an election would be
held, and the candidates who had presented their claims in the
most favorable light would be elected.

One evening young Marvin and Royal Kennedy, both about
sixteen years of age, and classmates in school, were opposing
candidates for the office of constable, in the debating society.
Kennedy made the first speech, in which he announced his candi-
dature, and made an earnest appeal for the support of his
friends. He promised to bring all transgressors of the law to
condign punishment, and to employ his best efforts to collect all
accounts placed in his hands; but if he failed to collect them he
would return the accounts to their rightful owners. He would
discharge all the duties of his office in an honorable and satisfac-
tory manner, and, believing himself better qualified for the
position than his opponent, he hoped to receive the unanimous
vote of the audience. He took his seat in the midst of great
applause, and his election seemed sure.

Marvin then arose, straightened his tall figure, brushed the
drooping hair from his brow, and began his speech. He referred
to the speech of his opponent, repeated its principal points, and
then throwing his head back, and casting one of his peculiarly
searching glances around the room, he said — "Now, my friends,
I will do all that m}' opponent has promised, and much more
besides. I will not only bring all transgressors to justice, but if
I fail to collect accounts that are entrusted to me, I will run my
hand down into my pocket (illustrating his words by the action),
pull out the money and pay them myself!"

This speech, so ludicrous in its application (for Marvin's
pockets were always empty), and so dramatically uttered,
"brought the house down," and he was elected on the spot, with-
out a dissenting vote.

Young Marvin joined the Methodist Church in August, 1839,
and was converted in December, 1840, being then in his 18th
year. He does not remember that any minister was specially
instrumental in his conversion, but attributes it more to the reli-
gious influence of his mother than any other agency. He began

420 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

to preach in 1841, being admitted by the Conference that met in
Palmyra that year. He did not attend that Conference, but was
admitted upon the recommendation of his pastor and class ; for
at that time the rules of the Church did not require a j'oung
minister to be present at Conference in order to be admitted.
The first Conference which he attended was held in Jefferson
City, and it is said — though we do not vouch for the truth of the
statement — that the suit of clothes which he wore on that occa-
sion was made of calico and presented to him by some of the
sisters of the Church. They had no opportunity to take his
measure, and the clothes being made "by guess," proved to be
too short by several inches, and he presented the appearance of
having run to seed below his elbows and knees.

He preached his first sermon in old Bethlehem Church, near
Flint Hill, iff St. Charles county, taking for his text the 10th and
11th verses of the third chapter of Isaiah. "Say ye to the
righteous, that it shall be well with him : for they shall eat the
fruit of their doings. Woe unto the wicked ! it shall be ill with
him: for the reward of his hands shall be given him."

This sermon was preached at the request of Rev. D. T. Sher-
man, well known among the Methodists of Missouri, and who is
still connected with the itinerant ministry in this State. He was
at that time a local preacher, and had an appointment to preach
at Bethlehem on that day, but being unable to attend, he
Requested Marvin to fill the appointment for him. An account of
that sermon and various incidents connected with it was written
by Rev. J. W. Cunningham, at present of St. Louis, and pub-
lished in the St. Charles News about a year ago. From that
account we make the following extracts :

" It was young Marvin's first sermon. People who were present
say his" appearance was that of an awkward country boy, dressed
in home-spun, home-cut, home-made and well-worn clothes. The
Bishop says his pantaloons were of blue cotton, when new, but
many washings had largely relieved them of the original indigo
color. They were sadly faded, and worn into holes at the knees,
and, to hide the openings, a tender mother's hands had placed
patches over them, with pieces of the original blue. Said he :
'The pale wus very pale, and the blue was very blue.' With
little or no thought of his parti-colored pantaloons and other faded
and worn apparel, the young preacher entered the church and
pulpit, and did as best he could. Mr. Ben Pierce remembers that
he said: ' When man came from the plastic hand of his Creator.'

LIFE OF BISHOP MARVIN 421

That is all he recollects of that ' first sermon,' and it is proba
bly the only relic of it that survives in the neighborhood in which
it was preached. The preacher was neither greatly embarrassed
nor over-confident. He was earnest and boisterous, without
much of the emotional. As the service closed, John P. Allen
took John B', Allen by the arm, and gave it a severe grip by way
of emphasizing his whispered words, as he said: 'That youth
had better quit preaching and continue to work on the farm. He
will never make a preacher.' John B. replied: 'He may be a
Bishop yet.'

"The service ended, the people retired, and no one was thought-
ful enough to invite the young sti anger to dinner. He mounted
his horse and started homeward. He had left home early in the
morning, had eaten but little, '■was very hungry,' and was de-
termined not to stand on formalities. If no one would invite him,
he would invite himself. He soon rode up beside Warren Walker,
who was traveling the same road, and said to him : ' Brother, how
far do you live from here?' On being told the distance, he said:
' Well, I am going home with you to get my dinner.' ' Certainly,'
said Mr. Walker, ' I will be glad to have you do so.' And to Mr.
Walker's he went and was cordially entertained."

The people who lived in the vicinity of Bethlehem Chui'ch were
noted for their hospitality, and there were none present on that
occasion who would not gladly have had the young minister go
home with them and appease his hunger ; but he had come to the
church in company with Mr. Walker, and most of them supposed
he was his guest and would be entertained by him. The failure
to invite him to dinner was not an intentional slight, but simply
an oversight resulting from thoughtlessness, and was so regarded
by the young preacher himself.

After his marriagfe, and after he had become distinguished as a
minister, he preached at Bethlehem again, attended by his wife.
When the services were over, quite a number of persons crowded
around and invited the minister and his wife to dinner, and among
them were several who had heard his first sermon. He recog-
nized them, and a merry twinkle came into his eyes as he said:
"The first time I came here I got no invitation to dinner, but now
I have the pick and choice of the neighborhood, and am going to
the nearest place where they have plenty to eat; where is that?"
To this question Uncle Ben Pierce quickly replied: "That's my
house — right over there," pointing to his elegant residence only
a short distance from the church. "We have plenty to eat, and
know how to cook it." "Very well," said Marvin, "I will go
with von," and there he went.

422 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Some years after this event, Marvin, who was then a Bishop,
repeated the incidents of his first and second visits to Bethlehem
Church, in a spirit of pleasantry, to a circle of friends in St.
Charles, Uncle Ben Pierce being present at the time. When he
had concluded, he turned to the latter and said: "Uncle Ben, I
discovered by my visits to your neighborhood, that you don't
think much of a man that wears patched clothes." To which
Pierce dryly replied : "Well, Marvin, the fact is, you were not
much of a preacher, then, no how, and that was not much of a
sermon, either."

Marvin was ordained deacon in 1843, and elder in 1845. In
1852 he was appointed presiding elder of St. Charles District,
and acted as agent for St. Charles College in 1854-5. He was
then transferred to St. Louis Conference, and stationed in the city
of St. Louis until 1861, having charge of the church on the corner
of Washington Avenue and Eighth street during the greater por-
tion of that time.

In February, 1862, he ran the guantlet of the Union armies and
went South as a missionary to the soldiers. He continued in the
South during the remainder of the war, preaching to the soldiers and
administering to their spiritual and physical wants. Many con-
versions took place under his preaching among the soldiers, and
many parched lips on bloody battle fields opened in thanks for the
cup of cold water "placed to them by the hands of the devoted
follower of the Naza,rene. Neither the vicious whistle of the
minnie ball nor the roar of cannons and muskets could drive
him from his duty, or prevent him from ministering to the wants
of his suflfering fellow-creatures.

Among the other duties of the General Conference of the M.
E. Church, South, which met in New Orleans in 1866, was the
election of a new Bishop, and the choice fell upon Enoch M. Mar-
vin,, than whom a more worthy selection could not have been
made. The action of the Conference met with universal ap-
proval throughout the limits of the Church, and the young
Bishop at once took a high position in the love and esteem of hia
brethren.

In connection with the life of Bishop Marvin, we present a his-
tory of the church over which he presided, as embraced in the
region of country to which this book relates. This history was
prepared especially for this work, by Rev. J. W. Cunningham, of

HISTORY OF THE METHODIST CHURCH 423

St. Louis, who has taken great pains to have it correct, and it
may be relied upon as authentic. In some of its statements it
diflFers slightly from that given elesewhere in the book, but as
Mr. Cunningham's opportunities forobtaining correct information
in regard to matters pertaining to his church are excellent, his
statements should be considered correct in preference to the
others.

HISTORY OF THE METHODIST CHURCH.

Itinerant and Local Ministry. — In the Methodist Episcopal Church
there are local and itinerant preachers. The local are those who have no
pastoral work, are engaged in secular pursuits, and preach when and
where they choose, without compensation. The itinerants are engaged in
the ministerial work, and look to the Church for a support.

The itinerants are called station and circuit preachers, presiding elders
and bishops. A station preacher is the pastor of a single church, called
a station ; a circuit preacher ministers to several churches, forming a
circuit; a presiding elder has the charge of a district, comprising several
circuits, or circuits and stations, and their pastors, whom he visits quar-
terly ; a bishop is a general superintendent, having the oversight of all
the churches, pastors and presiding elders, in the bounds of several
annual conferences committed to his care for a year, and who annually
appoints pastors and presiding elders to their respective fields of labor.

The First Local Preacher in Missouri. — In the days of the Spanish
rule the Rev. John Clark occasionally visited Missouri from Illi-
nois, and preached in the neighborhood of Spanish Pond in St. Louis
county. Sorme old people who knew him in their childhood think he was
a Methodist local preacher when he first visited Missouri, but he subse-
quently became a Baptist. He died in St. Louis county in 1833.

First Local Preachers in North Missouri. — One of the first Protes-
tant |preachers in North Missouri was a Dutch Tunker — Hostetter — who
occasionally preached in '* Dutch," in the region of Flint Hill, to his
American neighbors, who sat quietly under his ministry of which
they understood not a word — drinking in the gospel in an unknown
tongue, and he as rigorously supplied it as if they understood it all. As
early as 1810 a Methodist local preacher named Edwards lived in Darst's
Bottom, and preached in the western part of St. Charles county. He
subsequently removed to Illinois, and died there in 1833.

The First Itinerant Preachers in North Missouri. — The first itin-
erant preacliers sent to Missouri were John Travis and Wm. McKendree.f he
first a circuit preacher, and the latter a piesiding elder. Mr. Travis was
a young Kentuckian appointed to " Missourie Circuit" in September,
1806. He remained a year, preaching to the American settlements on
both sides of the Missouri river. After several years of Itinerant life he
located, studied medicine, and lived till 1852 — serving his neighbors in
Crittenden county, Ky., as a physician and local preacher. When Mr.
Travis preaclied In Missouri, there was not a Methodist preacher In
Indiana, and only one — Jesse Walker — in Illinois.

First Camp Meeting in Missouri. — Mr. McKendree's district — the
Cumberland — embraced nine circuits, incUuling half of Tennessee, a third
of Kentucky, and the pioneer settU-'ments of Illinois and Missouri. He
visited only once In the year the remote circuits of Walker and Travis.
In the summer of 1807, accompanied by Revs. James Gwlnn and Abbott
Goddard, he crossed the Ohio river near Shawneetown, and traversed the
Wilderness of Illinois to Kaskaskla. Leaving their horses in Illinois they

424 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

crossed into Missouri, and walked forty miles to ^ camp meeting, sup-
posed to have been somewhere between the Meramec and the Missouri
rivers. The preachers present were McKendree, Gwinn, Goddard, Travis,
and Walker.

McKendree spent nearly two months in Illinois and Missouri, but did
not cross the Missouri river.

A. Western Bishop. — In 1807 McKendree was returned to the "dis-
trict," with two circuits in Missouri — Missouri circuit above, and Mera-
mec circuit below the Missouri river, with Jesse Walker supplying the
llrst and Edmund Wilcox the other.

In May Mr. McKendree attended the General Conference in Baltimore
as a delegate from the West. On the first Sabbath he preached before
the multitude, "clothed in very coarse and homely garments, which he
had worn in the woods of the West." His appearance led the great Dr.
Bangs, of New York, to mentally to exclaim, "I wonder what awkward
backwoodsman they have put in the pulpit this morning, to disgrace us
with his mawkish and uncouth phraseology." But the sermon which
followed was one of great power. "That sermon," said Bishop Asbury,
■"will make him a bishop," and on the Thursday following he teas elected
bishop by an overwhelming majority. He filled the office of bishop
twenty-seven years, and died in 1835.

First Camp Meeting'in North Missouri. — James Ward took the
place of Bishop McKendree as presiding elder of the Cumberland district
in June, 1808, and in company with the Bishop and others visited Mis-
souri in July. On the 30th they commenced a camp meeting on the
Peruque, near the railroad trestle work west of O'Fallon. Mrs. Mary
Kent, of Warren county, who joined the church that year, and is the old-
est Missouri Methodist now living, was at that meeting and heard the
^'Bishop preach." The Bishop's tent was made by sewing the preachers'
saddle-blankets together and spreading them over a pole, supported by
forks placed In the ground, like soldiers' tents; one end of the tent was
closed with green boughs; the other was left open, and In front of It a
fire was made. His food was bread, and flesh broiled on the ends of
sticks. That was the first camp meeting in North Missouri, and at that
camp ground, the same year, a rude round log church was built, but never
completed, and was used only for a few years for summer services. It
was the first church north of the Missouri river.

James Ward and Jesse Walker. — James Ward had an aflllcted hand,
around which he always wore a large silk handkerchief. Under his
preaching sinners sometimes fell and cried for mercy. Objectors were
accustomed to say that he had concealed in his handkerchief powders
which he scattered on the people and by which they were overcome, as
described. Mr. Ward spent most of his life In Kentucky, and died there
at a good old age.

Jesse Walker spent several years in Missouri as circuit preacher and
presiding elder. In 1821 he organized the church in St. Louis, and was
instrumental in the erection of the first house of worship there. He
spent several years as missionary to the Indiana, organized the church
in Chicago, and died not far from that city In 1836.

Samuel Parker and Others. — In 1808 the Indiana District was
formed, including Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, with two circuits in
Missouri. Samuel Parker was Presiding elder that year, and for four
years continuously. Parl^er was a great preacher, an accomplished man
and almost unequaled as a singer; He died in 1819, while presiding elder
of a district embracing the State of Mississippi and part of Louisiana.

The preachers who served the churCh In North Missouri under Parker,
from 1808 to 1812, were Abram Ames, John Crane, Thos. Wright, and
John Cord. Ames was a few years an itinerant preacher, and then a local

HISTORY OF THE METHODIST CHURCH 425

preacher. Crane preached two years in North Missouri, and the second
year also supplied Cold Water circuit in South Missouri, and frequently
swam the Missouri river to reach his appointments. He was a popular
and successfol preacher, and died in youhg manhood in Tennessee.
Thos. Wright was fourteen years a preacher in Missouri, all but one iu
South Missouri; was several years a presiding elder, and died in 1826.
John Cord spent most of his minsitry in Indiana and Illinois, and died in
Indiana in 1827.

Jesse Walker was presiding elder of Illinois District, including Mis-
souri, from 1812 to 18U, and Jesse Haile served the Church north of the
Missouri river during that f^eriod. In 1814 Samuel H. Thompson became
presiding elder of the Missouri district, and served it two years. Wm.
Stribling was the preacher on Missouri circuit one year, and Jacob
Whitesides the next, under Thompson. These three men spent most of
their lives in Illinois, where they died with gopd names in the Church.
In 1815 Booneslick circuit was organized. It extended up the Missouri
river, above St. Charles county. Joseph Piggott, its tlrst preacher, was a
son of Captain Piggott, of Piggott's Fort, in Illinois, who established
the first ferry across the Mississippi river at St. Louis.

Pioneer Preaching Pi.aces.— The house of Jacob Zumwalt (now D.
Heald's), near O' Fallon, was one of the pioneer preaching places for the
Methodists. John Travis preached tiiere, and organized a sodiety in
1807, out of which Mount Zion Church grew. Anotlier pioneer society
was near Flint Hill, from which Bethlehem Church sprang, between Flint
Hill and Wentzville, which subsequently gave place to Flint Hill Church;
a third was on the F*!mme Osage, not far from the home of Daniel
Boone; a fourth in Darst's Bottom, at the house of Mr. Crow, from
which the Pleasant Hill Church descended; and a fifth at Marthasville,
where a good church exists. In those times private houses were the
preaching places.

Sometimes the "meeting day" was an occasion of social, as well as
religious enjoyment. A big dinner was prepared and a general invitation
to the people was given to stay and eat the dinner prepared, and many
accepted it. An old lady with a good experience in entertaining the
preacher and his congregation, meekly suggested that "the meeting"
become an itinerant one. Said she, "if themeetiug 's a burden, I think
some of you ought to bear it with me, and if it's a blessing I am willing
for you to share it with me."» For this or some sufficient reason the
preaching was in some neighborhoods, changed from house to liouse.
Many esteemed t a blessing, extemporised seats for the occasion, and
joyfully bade preacher and people welcome to their houses and their
tables. Some houses were permanent preaching places: This was true
of Jacob Zumwalt's. David K. Pitman's father selected his land In 1809,
because of the preaching there, and he — D. K. P. — remembers to have
attended a service in it conducted of J. Whitesides iu 1816.

When Methodism was Introduced into Missouri, in 1807, there was
only one conference, called the "Western Conference," west of the Alle-
gheny Mountains. In -1812 the Tennessee Conference was organized.
Including Missouri. In 1816 the Missouri Conference was formed, includr
ing Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, and Arkansas, and so remained till 1824,
when the territory of the Missouri Conference was reduced tcr the State
of Missouri. To this point, 1816, our recltil of facts comes. From this
date the Church gradually extended with the incVease of population. Till
1832 the territory included in St. Charles coun y bore the original name,
"Missouri Circuit;" after that It was for several years called the St.
Charles Circuit, and was subsequently divided into other pastoral
charges.

The preachers on Missouri Circuit from 1816 to 1830 were.: Johu

426 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

Schrader, Philip Davis, Wm. Townsend, A. McAllister, Wm. L. Hawley,
W. W. Redmond, Thomas Handle, John Glanville, Cassell Harrison,
John Bassdel, R. I. Dungan, Wm. Heath, A. H. Stemmons, E. T.
Peery, N. M. Talbott, J. P. Burks, and Benj. Babbitt. Up to this
time Missouri Circuit embraced the settlements in the counties of St.
Charles, Warren, Lincoln, Montgomery, Audrain and Pike. In 1830 Pal-
myra Circuit and Salt River Mission were organized, with Wm. Kitron
on the former, and E. T. Peery on the latter. In 1831 Bowling Green
Circuit appeared under F. B. Leach and J. Lamins. In 1833 Paris Circuit,
under J. Larains. In 1835 Danville Circuit, with J. M. Jamison as
preacher. In 1840 Warrenton Circuit, under G. W. Bowman.

During the period indicated, the following served as presiding elders of
the Mi,ssouri District: Jesse Walker, Jesse Haile, S. H.Thompson, David
Sharp, Jesse Haile, John Dew, Andrew Monroe, Jesse Green, A. McAl-
lister, J. Edmunson, Jesse Green, G. C. Light, Richard Bond, A. Monroe,
W. W. Redmond, Geo. Smith, Wm. Patton, E. M. Marvin — which brings
us to 1852. To introduce all the names of circuits subsequently organ-
ized, and the names of preachers serving them, would make the list too
lengthy for our space.

In 1820 Mrs. Catharine Collier erected a house of worship in St. Charles
for the Methodists, but for several years thereafter there was no'regular
preaching there. In 1829 she erected a larger church on Main street — yet
standing — where Methodism was established. It is supposed to be the
oldest church buifding in Missouri. The church now occupied was built
in 1853. To Mrs. Collier and her son George the Methodists are indebted
for the building and partial endowment of St. Charles College — the oldest
college in the West.

COLONEL J. F. JONES.

There are but few persons in Missouri who have not heard of
ColonelJeff. Jones, of Calaway county — the "Kingdom of Calla-
way," as he appropriately named it during the " late unpleasant-
ness." He is one of the leading thinkers of our State, and has
only failed to gain a national reputation by his honest repugnance
to mingling in the dirty politics of the day. He is firm in his
convictions of right and justice, and would not yield an iota of his
principles for the highest place in the gift of his fellow-country-
men. He has never hesitated to denounce wrong and the authors
of it in the boldest and most unequivocal language, and hence he
has frequently incurred the enmity of men in high places, but on
the other hand has gained the respect and confidence of hosts of
frends and honest men wherever he is known.

He belongs to one of our old American families which dates
back beyond the revolutionary war, and which has numbered
among its members heroes and patriots.

William Jones, the founder of the family, in this country, was

COLONEL J. F. JONES 427

born of Welch parents, in the citj' of London, England. He died
on his way to America, leaving a young widow, who, soon after
landing in Virginia, gave birth to a son whom she named Mosias.
She afterward married a man named Webb, of Albemarle county,
and they soon removed to Greenbriar county, Va., where Mosias
was raised, and married. After his marriage he removed to Ken-
tucky, and settled on the head waters of Caney fork of Otter
creek, in Madison county, four miles east of Richmond. His
children were — Mosias, Foster, George, William, Roger, John,
Thomas, Rebecca, and one other daughter, who married a gentle-
man from Virginia named Garrison. Rebecca married Henry
Burnham, a Hard-Shell Baptist preacher. All the boys served in
the revolutionary war, and most of them through the entii-e
struggle.

William married Lucy Harris, who was also a native of Green-
briar county, Va., and they had — Levi, Thomas G., Elizabeth,
Robert H., Nancy, John B., Ransom P., WiUiam, Milton and
Rebecca. Elizabeth married Joel Hern. Nancy married Tyro
Harris. Rebecca married Irvin Ogan.

Thomas G., the second son of William Jones, was married in
Montgomery county, Ky., to Rebecca B. Snedicor, and removed
with his father to Boone county. Mo., 1824 and in 1848, he settled
in Callaway county. His children were — Jefferson F. , Pamelia
A., William D,, Caroline M., Sidney F., William H., Miranda J.,
Mary E., and George W. Pamelia A. was married first to S. B.
Ham, and second to Joseph Young, now of Johnson county. Mo.
Caroline M. married Dr. B. B. Thornton, of Johnson county,
Miranda J. married William S. Foster, of Johnson county, and
Mary E. married Joseph L, Craig, of Callaway county.

Colonel Jefferson F. Jones was married on the 6th of March,
1844, to Sally Ann Jameson, by whom he had sixteen children,
ten of whom are living. The Colonel began the practice of law
at Fulton, where he was raised, in 1843, and soon gained a large
and lucrative business, his superior talents placing him at the
start among the leaders of the bar in his county. His powers as
a debater were soon recognized by the party to which he belonged
(the Whig), and in 1844 he was appointed to canvass the county
against his wife's uncle, Hon. John Jameson. In 1848 he was
appointed Whig Elector for the State of Missouri ; and in 1852 he
was nominated by his party as a candidate for the Legislature,
but declined to run. In 1856 he was again nominated for the

428 I'lONEEH FAMILIES OF MISSOUUI

same position, and although he again deeUned, he was elected
by a large majority, and served his county to the entire satis-
faction of his constituents. In 18G0, after his removal to his
farm, he was again nominated for the Legislature, but declined
positively. In 1875 he was again elected a member of that body,
on the Democratic ticket, and became one of the leaders of the
House immediately upon assuming his seat. Since the close of
the war he has been sent as a delegate to every Democratic State
Convention except one, and so great i^s the confidence of the peo-
ple of his county in his abilily and integrity that they would read-
ily entrust him with my office in their gift.

Colonel Jones was for many years a manager of the State Luna-
tic Asylum at Fulton, the duties of which position he discharged
in the most faithful and conscientious manner. When the North
Missouri Railroad Co. was organized he became a raehaber of the
incorporating board of directors, and did much toward the con-
struction and progress of the road.

In all his public services he has regarded himself as a ser-
vant of the people, and endeavored to perform his duties in such
a manner that their interests would be protected and advanced.
Fidelity and energy have marked his entire career, and if our
affairs of State could always rest in hands as true as his, they
would be safe.

FRANCIS SKINNER.

Among the few old pioneers of Missouri who are still left to
bring up memories of the past, is Mr. Francis Skinner, of Jones-
burg, Montgomery county. (See portrait on frontispiece. He
was born in 1794, and is now more than 82 years old, but still"
vigorous and active. It has not been very long since he was seen,
while riding at full gallop, to stoop and pick his hat up from the
ground, a feat which very few young men of the present day can
accomplish.

John Skinner, the father of Francis, was born in the Highlands
of Scotland, in 1757. He remained among the hills and moun-
tains of his native country until he was twenty years of age, and
then (in 1777) he came to America, which at that time was rent

ADVENTURES OF FRANCIS SKINNER 429

and torn by civil war and seemed to be in the death struggle of
its national existence.

The young Scotchman settled in Virginia, where he witnessed
the final dawn of peace after the dark and bloody night of war,
and lived to see the new republic in its grandest and purest era.
He was married in 1785, in Culpepper county, Va., to a daughter
of John and Nancy Story, who were among the first English fam-
ilies to come to America after the revolution. Mr. Skinner and
his wife had ten children, eight sons and two daughters, all of
whom lived to be grown, and all but one, the eldest, who died*in
Virginia, came to Missouri.

Two of the sons, Francis and Hugh, married sisters, daughters
of Robert Jasper, and came to Missouri in 1820, their object
being to obtain cheap lands for their rising families. They came
by land and water to St. Louis, crossing the river at the latter
place on a ferryboat propelled by horse power. They found the
place to be nothing more than a French village, built principally
along one street, called Main street. They camped near the old
market on Broadwj^, which at that time was a forest of young
timber. About one hundred Indians were camped near them,
and as they had never seen any red men before, they slept but
little that night. Just north of the old market there was a steep,
rocky bluff, with a cabin built of cedar logs on the summit. The
cabin remained there until about twenty years afterward, when the
bluff was quarried away, and the stone used in building ware-
houses.

After leaving St. Louis they proceeded to St. Charles, and
found the river so covered with driftwood, on account of the June
rise, that they were afraid to attempt to cross it. They delayed
several days, and then ha^^ng become more accustomed to the
river, and less afraid of its angry appearance, they crossed their
families and horses over on a boat made by lashing a platform on
the top of two canoes, which ran parallel with each other, at the
distance of several feet apart. Their wagons had to be conveyed
across in a large flat-boat, which was so clumsy and unwieldy
that it floated down the river about four hundred yards while they
were pushing it across the stream.

They all crossed in safety, and resumed their march westward
until they reached Camp Branch in Montgomery county, where
they located. In St. Louis they had met with an old friend, Col-
onel George Strother, who was receiver at the land oflflce, and he

430 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

introduced them to Mr. Thomas Rector, who had surveyed a great
deal of land in the region of country north of the river, and who
gave them much valuable information in regard to surveys, etc.
They bought their first land under his instructions, and did well
by so doing. Government lands were sold then at $2 per acre,
one-fourth of which was paid at the time of purchase, and the
balance in three equal installments, with interest. Many of the
early settlers burdened themselves with heavy debts in endeavor-
ing to buy large tracts of land, and at the session of Congress of
1820-21 a law was passed for their relief, which permitted
them to hold in fee simple the one-fourth for which they had paid,
and relinquish the rest. These relinquished lands were placed in
the market again at the end of five years, and rapidly sold. Mr.
Skinner bought all he could, and he still owns the first eighty
acres that he ever purchased. Since then he and his children
have bought, and still own 2,600 acres, being the most choice
land in the region of country where they live, as it was purchased
when there was no competition. Mr. Skinner holds in own name
892 acres; divided into three farms, which aggregate 500 acres in
cultivation. He now lives in Jonesburg, a town of five hundred
inhabitants, the site of which, for years after he came to Mont-
gomery county, was an uninhabited waste.

When he first settled in Montgomery county, the population
was so thin that they frequently had to go ten to fourteen miles
to help their neighbors raise their cabins. A great many built
cabins and "squatted" on government lands, without making
any effort to obtain titles to them ; and they were generally un-
molested by land hunters, who could obtain plenty of the best
without disturbing them.

Wolves and other wild animals abounded in those days, and it
required the most careful attention to protect sheep, pigs and
poultry from their ravages. Mr. Skinner still has a trap from
which he and his sons have taken sixty-three wolves, and they
killed many more with their rifles.

On the 15th day of November, 1820, snow fell to the depth of
about ten inches, rendering it an excellent season for hunting.
Mr. Skinner and one of his brothers shouldered their rifles and
started out on a deer hunt, but found the deer scarce. They soon,
however, heard some heavy animal running through the brush,
and hastening forward they discovered the fresh tracks of a huge
bear. Knowing it would be useless to pursue him on foot, and

ADVEKTUBES OE FRANCIS SKINNER 431

being inexperienced hunters, tliey repaired to the house of a
neighbor for instructions. Acting under his advice^ they pro-
cured horses and dogs and started in pursuit. The excitement
was so great that Mr. Skinner s aged father, who was 82 years
old, determined to go with them. They obtained the services of
a youth as a guide, and followed rapidly on in the direction the
bear had taken, the youth constantly cautioning them not to
make a noise, lest the bear should get frightened and run away.
But they soon came up with him, and upon the first sight of his
shaggy hide all the dogs but one took to their heels and scam-
pered away. The one that was brave enough to remain ran to
the bear and snapped him first on one side and then on the other,
making him jump about and break the brush and young sapplings,
which were loaded down with snow. Seeing that he could make
no progress in the timber, he started for the prairie, which was
only a short ( distance away. Mr. Skinner observed his tactics,
and hastily examining the flint and priming of his gun, he spurred
his horse to the edge of the prairie, where he dismounted and
made ready ; and as the bear came crashing out of the brush, still
pursued by the "faithful dog, he sent a ball through his heart and
killed him in his tracks. At the sound of the gun Ihe other dogs
all came running up as bold as lions, and seemed brave enough to
eat poor bruin on the spot.

The hunters were highly elated with their success, and made
the woods ring with tfieir cheers. The bear proved to be a fine
one, weighing .400 pounds net, with four inches of fat on his ribs,
and they had bear bacon in abundance for sometime afterward.

Having trained their dogs, they started on another hunt among
the mountains that border on Loutre creek, in -the southern part
of Montgomery county. Soon after reaching the hunting grounds
they came upon a large bear track that measured ne9,rly seven
inches broad at the toe, and observing the course of the trail,
they started around through the woods to head it off. They had
not gone far when, looking up at the top of a bluflf under which
they were riding, they observed a large bear reared up on his
haunches and quietly looking down at them. Mr. Skinner, Miles
Price and John Ferguson immediately turned their horses into a
ravine that led to the top of the bluff", and started in pursuit of
the bear, making as little noise as possible. When they reached
the place where they had seen the bear he had fled, but the dogs
struck the trail and started in hot pursuit. ThQy came up with

432 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

him about half a mile distant, and a battle ensued between them.
When the hunters came up they found one of their best dogs
badly wounded, and the others fighting with great fury. The
bear observing their approach, started again to run, but they
overhauled him as he began to ascend the next hill. He had
mounted upon a log that lay along the side of the hill, for the
purpose of facilitating his progress, and Mr. Skinner, riding to
the opposite end of the log, discharged his gun at him, and gave
him a desperate wound in the hip, the ball passing nearly through
his body. The dogs now closed in upon him and fought with in-
creased courage, the bear resisting their attacks as well as he
could in his wounded condition. One of the dogs got a slap
from his jaw and started to run, and at the same instant one of
the hunters discharged his gun and accidentally killed the dog.
The bear now made off up the side of the hill, regardless of the
dogs, but fell dead in about four hundred yards. He weighed
500 pounds and had four inches of fat on his ribs.

The hunters had neglected to bring their tomahawks with them,
and consequently had some trouble in getting the meat divided
so they could carry it conveniently. But they succeeded finally
in dividing it with their knives and a sharp rock. They obtained
half a bushel of fat, and were at a loss how to carry it to their
camp, until a happy thought struck Mr. Skinner. Removing his
buckskin drawers he tied up the bottoms of the legs with stout
strings, and loading the fat into them he had no difllculty in
carrying it to camp thrown across his horse. When they arrived
in camp he and his horse and saddle were well greased with
bear's oil.

About the middle of February, 1828, Mr. Skinner and several
of his neighbors went on another bear hunt among the Loutre
hills, and soon after they had arrived on the hunting grounds they
observed a large bear on the opposite side of a creek. Bruin
discovered them about the same time, and made off as fast as
his legs could carry him.

The hunters had to descend a hill, cross the creek and climb a
high bluff on the opposite side, by which time the bear had
obtained a good start. But the dogs caught the scent of the trail
and sped away like lightning, with Mr. Skinner, Miles Price, John
Ferguson and Sam Grubbs after them as fast as they could ride.
Now and then they could see the bear through an opening in the
trees or rocks, and away they would go with wild shouts and

ADVENTURES OF FRANCIS SKINNER 433

renewed energy. After running about five miles the bear came
to his den, and disappeared in it, followed by one of the boldest
dogs, which was Soon crushed to death in the embrace of his huge
antagonist.

When the hunters came up they built a fire at the mouth of the
cave and kept it burning until they felt confident that the bear was
suffocated by the smoke, when, night being near at hand and
the weather having grown very cold, they started in the direction
of a sugar camp, not far distant, to find comfortable quarters for
the night. They found the camp without much difl3culty,
received a hearty welcome from the sugar makers, and early next
morning they started in quest of their game. As they were
descending a steep bluflf on the way to the cave, they arrived
suddenly on the verge of a precipice some twelve feet high, and
which was rendered more precipitous by the steep slant of the
bluff below its base. To retreat was impossible, for their horses
could not climb the hill that lay behind them, and their only
recourse was to go over the precipice and trust to luck. So seat-
ing themselves firmly in their saddles they spurred their horses
forward and landed safely at the bottom, the earth giving away
some distance around them and breaking the force of their fall.

Upon arriving at the cave where the bear lay, a discussion arose
as to which of them should go in, for it was a dangerous venture
and no one was anxious to undertake it. It finally fell to Mr.
Skinner's lot to perform the dangerous duty, and preparing him-
self with a torch, and carefully examining his gun, he cautiously
made his way into the depths of the cavern. He soon reached
the bear, which lay dead and cold, with their dead dog lying under
him. Attaching a rope around the carcass, Mr. Skinner called
to his comrades on the outside, and they quickly drew both him
and the bear out of the cave. They divided their game with the
sugar makers who had entertained them so hospitably the previous
pight, and then returned home, having had fun enough for one
time.

Some time after this, Mr. Skinner and another party went on
a deer hunt. One morning he had fine luck and killed two fat
deer, which he conveyed to camp, and there found his brother
awaiting his arrival to go with him after a large buck that he had
wounded. They started immediately, and arriving upon the
ground soon found traces of blood, which were pointed out to the
dogs, and they started in pursuit. The trail was cold, and they
28

434 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

followed slowly, but finally came upon tlie buck where he was
lying down in a thicket. As soon as he discovered them he
sprang up and started toward them with a vicious look in his
eyes. One of the dogs ran up and caught hold of him, but the
buck, turning a somersault, broke his hold and then pinned him
to the earth with his horns. In the meantime Mr. Skinner h^d
run up and caught the buck by the hind-legs, but having his
gloves on he could not hold tight, and the deer kicked loose. He
took one jump away, and then turning sharply around darted
upon the now helpless hunter, with his horns lowered and fire flash-
ing from his eyes. The prongs of his horns passed on either side
of Mr. Skinner's thigh, ripping his buckskin pants and graining
the skin on both sides, but doing no other damage. Quickly
stooping he caught the infuriated animal by the fore-legs, and
held him tight, while the dogs worried him behind. He alsa
called to his brother to draw his knife from its scabbard and stab
the deer, but he was so excited that it took him some time to do
^o. He finally succeeded in getting the knife, and stabbed the
buck to the heart. The fight was soon over then, and after rest-
ing a while they shouldered their game and returned to camp^
with something more than an ordinary hunting adventure ta
relate to their comrades.

This closes the account of the hunting experiences of ''Uncle
Frank" Skinner, as he is familiarly called. He had many others,
but those just related were the most important, and we have no
room for more.

Uncle Frank is a stone and brick mason by trade, and all the
work that he ever did stood firm without cracking or breaking. He
built the cellar wall and foundation of the first brick house erected
in Danville, which is now occupied by Mr. Samuel A. Wheeler,
and though it has stood forty years, there is not a crack or flaw
in the wall.

Mr. Skinner's father was a Baptist preacher, but he never gave
much thought to religious matters until his. children were all
about grown. Then through the illness of one of his sons, whom
he loved dearly, he was led to seek religioji, and united with the
Christian Church, since which time he has* been a faithful and
consistent member. He and his son, with a little aid from their
neighbors, built the brick church at Jonesburg, which is occupied
by the Christian congregation.

And now, having passed beyond the allotted time of man's

FRANCIS DUQUETTE 435

duration upon the earth, and having performed his life's work
well, he quietly and serenely awaits the summons to "come up
higher," and enjoy the rewards that are in store for the faithful
servant.

FRANCIS DUQUETTE.

There lived many years ago, in St. Charles, a Canadian French-
man, named Francis Duquette, who occupied a prominent and
influential position in that town during the close of the last and
the beginning of the present century. It was he who transformed
the old round furt into a wind-mill, and thereby converted an
establishment of war into one of the most useful implements of
peace. He was also the father of the Catholic Church in St.
Charles, for although he was not a priest, and did not organize the
Church, yet he built it up from a small beginning and sustained
and cultivated it for many years ; and his memory is held in affec-
tionate regard by the Catholics of St. Charles.

Francis Duquette was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1774. When
quite a young man he came West, and landed first at Ste. Gene-
vieve, then the principal town west of the Mississippi river.

While there he had the funeral rites of the Catholic Church
performed over the remains of a deceased friend, and the mystery
connected therewith caused universal comment and has never yet
been solved. Twelve years before a 3'oung Canadian made his
appearance in Ste. Genevieve and engaged in the then common
occupation of hunting. No one knew him, and he took no
pains to enlighten the citizens in regard to himself. In fact his
presence created very little comment in the communitj', for
it was no unusual thing for strange hunters to make their
appearance there, remain a short time, and disappear as mj'ste-
riousl}' as they came. He gave his name as Pierre Gladu, and
stated that he was from Canada. One day he went out to
hunt, and was killed by some Indians, in a little prairie near
the town. His remains were subsequently found and buried
where he had fallen, and the incident soon ceased to be a subject
of comment among the citizens of the town.

Twelve years afterward another young Canadian made his ap-

436 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

pearance in Ste. Genevieve, gave his name as Francis Duquette,
and immediately sought out the lone grave on the little prairie.
He then caused the remains to be disinterred, and buried in the
grave-yard of the town with all the solemnities and ceremonies of
the Catholic Church. Curiosity attracted numerous visitors, and
a large procession marched from the grave to the cemetery,
Duquette walking near the coffin, bareheaded, with a lighted
taper in his hand. After the reinterment he caused to be placed
at the head of the grave a large cross, bearing the name of the
deceased. He then disappeared from the country, leaving his
conduct an unexplained mystery, which the inhabitants never
could solve.

Duquette proceeded to St. Charles, where he purchased prop-
erty and located. . For a number of years he carried on business
as a trader, dealing in furs, peltries, goods, etc. He also
invested largely in lands, and thereby became involved in his
mercantile business. His goods had been purchased in Canada,
and his creditors there sent an agent to Missouri who levied on
most of his property and sold it under execution. He saved
enough, however, to leave him in comfortable circumstances.

He was married in 1736 to Miss Mary Louisa Bauvis, of Ste.
Genevieve, but they had no children.

Mr. Duquette's house stood on the same square where the
stone church was afterward erected, and the members of his
church used to gather there during the Lenten season for devo-
tional services. He planted some fruit trees near his house soon
after his arrival in St. Charles, and two of these were bearing
not more than three years since, and they may be still for aught
we know.

Duquette died February 2, 1816, and was buried in the old
cemetery on Jackson and Second streets. His remains were
afterward taken up and removed to the Catholic grave-yard
where the church of St. Charles Borromeo now stands, and there
they rested for many years. But eventually the growth of the
city required the removal of the cemetery, and about twenty
years ago a new one was established beyond the limits of the
corporation. Duquette's remains were again disinterred and de-
posited in the new cemetery, where a massive, old-fashioned
monument marks his grave. It was erected nearly sixty years
ago, and the sculptured work upon it is partially obliterated by
the ravages of time and its frequent removals.

ACADEMY OP THE SACRED HEART

437

Mrs. Duquette died April 2, 1841. Previous to 'and at the
time of her decease, she lived in the house now occupied by
Mrs. Walton, on Glay street. She was highly respected by the
citizens of the town and vicinity, and the funeral procession that
followed her remains to the grave was the largest that had ever
been seen in St. Charles at that time. The bells of the various
churches, irrespective of creed, were tolled in honor of the
beloved dead as the hearse bore her remains to their last resting
place.

In connection with the lives of these twp pioneers of the Cath-
olic religion in St. Charles, it will be appropriate to present the
histories of the Academ}^ of the Sacred Heart and Church of St.
Charles Borromeo, which were prepared expressly for this
work, the first by the Secretary of the Academy, and the second
by Rev. John Roes, pastor of the church. These histories will
be the more interesting because the two institutions to which
they relate date back to the very infancy of the town in which
they are situated, and no public history of them has ever been
published before.

ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART.

This was the first foundation made by the religious of the Society of
the Sacred Heart of Jesus in America. On the Feast of the Sacred
Heart, in the year 1818, after a perilous voyage of one hundred days,
Madame Duchesne, one of the first companions of the Venerated Mother
Madeline Sophie Barrat, founder of the Society, landed in New
Orleans. For long years Madame Duche'^ne burned with the desire of
devoting her life for the salvation of the Indians. Now she had the realiza-
tion of all her hopes; a wide field lay opened before her, but one thickly
strewn with difficulties. A severe illness compelled her to prolong her
stay in New Orleans, yet her ardent soul sighed to begin the work.
Scarcely convalescent, she proceeded with her co-laborers, Madames
Eugenie Ande, Octavie Berthold and two co-adjuting sisters, Catharine
and Margaret, and arrived at St. Louts the same year. While remaining
in this city, Madame Duchesne received the approbation of the Right
Reverend Bishop Dubourg, whose pastoral cares extended over the two
Louisianas, to lay the foundation. The pre-ent site, at St. Charles, was
selected as the most desirable spot. The Cure of the village, the cele-
brated and Reverend Gabriel Richard, who was also elected member of
Congress, installed the little colony in their humble dwelling, a log hut,
containing two rooms; it stood in the midst of two acres of barren soil.
Here and there might be seen the cabin of the Sioux. By an authentic
act, the Bishop renewed his approbation, and the Sovereign Pontiff
blessed, from afar, the new mission of the Sacred Heart. Too soon their
little resources failed them, and extreme poverty menaced them on all
sides. Incapable of supporting so rude a trial, sufficient to cause the
stoutest heart to recoil, the little colony returned to St. Louis in Septem-
ber, 1819; but their destined home was St. Ferdinand, Florissant. On
Christmas eve they took possession of their new residence, and at mid-

438 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

night they had the happiness of assisting at mass, with the five pupils
who had followed them frv)m St. Charles.

At St. Ferdinand the prospects were very favorable, and brightened
each year. Auxiliaries were received from the Mother House in France;
new colonies were sent out, and houses established at St. Louis, Grand
Couteau, and St. Michael. Madame Duchesne governed all, in quality of
Provincial, but made St. Louis her home.

Since the departure from St. Charles all hopes were not extinguished
in renewing their eflorts to plant the standard of the Sacred Heart in that
city. Encouraged by their success at St. Ferdinand, Madarne Duchesne
once more looked toward St. Charles to recommence the foundation. So
on the morning of October 10, 1828, the little caravan, consisting ot
Madames Duchesne, Octavie, Lucille and O'Connor, set out from St. Fer-
dinand. The Right Reverend Bishop Rosatti, nine Jesuit Fathers, and
three secular priests accompanied them. His lordship was mounted on
a humble courser, while the fathers walked at his side; the ladies occu-
pied a carriage, and consequently arrived sooner. Their presence was
announced and the inhabitants, who were now increased by one-half,
testified their joy on the return of the religious. They were conducted
to their house, which consisted of boards ; underneath was a cellar, the
receptacle for all the animals of the village; the odor arising from this
assemblage of sheep, pigs and rats was almost intolerable, but in a short
time they were freed from these interlopers. A chapel adjoining the
house was hastily constructed, and Uere nine masses were celebrated ia
one day.

On the 14th Madames Lucille and O'Connor were left the sole occu-
pants. Before departing to St. Ferdinand, Madame Duchesne installed
Madame Lucille as Superior of the household, assisted by Madame
O'Connor. They immediately went to work to fulfill the functions of
carpenters, painters, masons, etc., and by dint of industry in fifteen days
the house was beyond recognition.

The 29th of October the classes of the day school were opened, com-
posed of five pupils; in November there was twelve; in December, six-
teen; and in a few months more the number amounted to fifty. Daring
the first six years one hundred and twenty pupils received instructions,
and many of them became excellent mothers of families.

In March of 1829 reinforcements arrived; among them was Sister Mary
Layton, the first American novice. In 1832 Sister Ann Egarty, and in
1833 Madame Guillot were sent to give their assistance. Amid this seem-
ing prosperity privations were gathering, and soon pecuniary want was on
the point of forcing them to abandon once more the work ; but a divine
Providence, who never forsakes those who place their confidence in him,
rescued them in this painful dilemma; and in 1838 they were enabled to
begin and complete the new building, contiguous to the church belonging
to the Jesuit Fathers. Madame Lucille retained her office until 1840.
About this time Bishop Rosati demanded a colony of the religious of the
Sacred Heart for Sugar Creek, which was peopled by the Potowotamies.
Obedience called Madame Lucille to take charge of the new mission.
Here she endeared herself to the hearts of the Indians by her unwearied
cares, making herself their common mother. It was the ardent desire
of this devoted soul to live and die among her savage children. St.
Mary's also witnessed her labors and there she passed the remainder of
her days accomplishing the wish of her heart. It was only in January of
1875 that this admirable religious went to receive her reward, at the ad-
vanced age of 81 years.

For some years previous to the foundation at Sugar Creek Madame
Duchesne had been released from the burden of Superiority ; her declin-
ing years requiring rest, she withdrew into her solitude at St. Charles,

ACADEMT OF THE SACRED HEART 439

•where she continued her prayers and sufferings for her dear Indians.

In 1840 Madame Regis Hamilton, now assistant superior in Chicago,
replaced Madame Lucille; she was succeeded in 1844 by Madame St. Cyr,
who governed seven years. During this time a purchase was made from
Reverend Father Verhasgen, pastor of the church, and the grounds were
considerably enlarged.

In 1851 Madame Hamilton resumed the charge for the space of one
year. Her presence was a solace to the Worthy Mother Duchesne, whom
Providence had preserved until this time ; but now her days were number-
ed, and soon her holy soul was to wing its flight toward its eternal home.
Until her last she submissively obeyed the most trivial order with child-like
simplicity and resignation. It was at 10 o'clock on the morning of the
18th of November, 1852, that this venerated Mother, surrounded by her
sorrowing family, passed from a sweet slumber to the presence of the
Master, whom she had so long and so generously served. She was aged
eighty-four years, thirty-four of which were passed in the missions of
America.

Madame Aloysia Jacquet relieved Madame Hamilton for a few months.
She was then recalled to superintend the Community at St. Louis, In 1853
Madame Bouillon was appointed Superior, but in December of the same
year she was sent to the Southern province, and Madame Aloysia return-
ed to her former charge.

In 1854 the increase of the pupils was so rapid that extensive altera-
tions were obliged to be made in the building. • The new addition con-
sisted of a large and commodious study hall, 45x35 feet, a class room, a
refectory and play room beneath, with a dormitory and an infirmary
above, and aspacious upper division. In 1855 the Parish School was built
upon the Convent grounds. Here yearly about fifty or sixty children,
mostly of the poorer class, are instructed In their religion "and in the
principles of education fitted to their station.

Madame Aloysia had made a vow to erect a shrine in honor of "Our
Lady of the Pillar," if a favor she so earnestly sought for would be
granted her. Heaven being propitious to her request, the chapel was
constructed and the statue placed upon a pedestal over the altar. The
Reverend Father De Siiiet blessed the first stone. This little sanctuary,
now hallowed by the souvenirs connected with it, stands in the front
yard, facing the right of the Convent. Immediately after the completion
of the work the precious remains of the beloved founder of the society
in America were transferred from their former resting place and deposited
in the vault. The base of the altar bears this inscription: "Pray for the
Conversion of the Indians."

In 1856 Madame Tucker directed the Community, but In 1858 she was
summoned to St. Louis to receive again the charge of Superiority. Since
then she has governed some of the houses of the East. In 1870 she was
named Superior Vicar of the Western Province, which comprised the
houses of St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Joseph, Chicago, St. Mary's Mission
and Maryville.

In 1858 Madames Jouve and Ludovica Boudreaux successively govern-
ed, and in 1860 Madame Miller was appointed Superior. She endeared
herself, like her predecessors, to all hearts by her devotedness to her
Community.

In 1865 Madame Wall attached herself, with untiring zeal, to the new
charge which was placed upon her; but in 1868 obedience called her to
St. Joseph.

Then Madame Bourke assumed the care of government; she held her
office five years. .-U the expiration of this time she was removed to
Chicago, to continue her labors as Superior.

In the spring of 1870 the church of the Jesuits, adjacent to the Con-

440 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

vent, was torn down, and the land on which it was built was purchased
from the Fathers ; it now forms part of the garden which surrounds the
house.

In September of 1873 Madame Niederkorn, the present Superior, was
nominated. Since that period many improvements have been made on
the Convent and its surroundings. But in November, 1875, a fire, originat-
ed by a spark from the flue, broke out in the upper story of the middle
building, and threatened destruction to the entire place. Evidently the
flames had been playing for some hours between the roof and the timbers
before the inmates were aware of their danger, but as soon as the alarm
was made public, the kind-hearted citizens of St. Charles flocked to their
assistance. To their indefatigable efi'orts and the interposition of a
divine providence may be attributed the saving of the house, at a moment
when all hopes were renounced. Unable to make the necessary repairs
during the winter season, the religious waited for the coming spring;
but a temporary roof prevented their being exposed to the inclemency of
the weather. In February, 1876, the fearful tornado, which almost
devastated the city, augmented the damages caused by the fire. Nearly
every pane of glass on the east side of the house was shattered into frag-
ments; the fences and gi"ape arbors were thrown down, trees uprooted
and transported with the wind, and immense rocks which supported the
lower wall facing the street were hurled from their places — thus adding
an expense of several hundred dollars.

In March the carpenters began their work, and notwithstanding the
many interruptions, the results of the heavy rain and snow storms, in a
few weeks the burnt-out attic was transformed into large and elegant
apartments.

CHURCH OF ST. CHARLES BORROMEO.

The first church in the town of St. Charles was built by the Roraatt
Catholics, the year and day not known by the pesple now living. Pio-
neer French priests visited these Western wilds at a very early day.
The church was a humble log house, with its timbers standing upright,
which consequently soon rotted down. Governor Blanchette replaced it
by a neat frame building on Second, near Jackson street, on the north-
western part of Block 28. This must have been before 1793, as Governor
Blanchette is reported to have died that year, as we gather from tradi-
tion, and to have been interred along the walls of the church. The
records kept at the church of St. Charles Borromeo date from 1792, and
indicate sufficiently the approximate date of the erection of the latter
building. The first baptism recorded is that of Peter Beland, on the 21st
of July, 1792; it was administered by Rev. Peter Joseph Didier, a Bene-
dictine of the Congregation of St. Maus, of the Royal Abbey of St. Den-
nis, at Paris, then the acting, although not resident Pastor. Father Did-
ier was succeeded in 1798 by Rev. Father L. Lusson, a Recollect Priest.
Father Lusson's name disappears from the records after October, 1804,
and after that time several priests, some of whom were Trappists, min-
istered to the spiritual wants of the Congregation ; some for a longer,
others for a shorter period of time. These came either from St. Louis
or Portage, where priests resided at a raucti earlier date than at St.
Charles. One of these, long remembered was the Rev. Joseph Mary
Dunand, a trappist, who acted as pastor at St. Charles Iromthe year 1809
to the year 1815. In 1814 Bishop Flaget, of Louisville, is reported ta
have visited St. Charles, while Father Dunand was pastor.

In 1823 the Jesuits settled in the Florissant Valley, on what is now
generally known as the Priest's Farm. Solicited by Bishop Dubourg,
they undertook the care of the Missionary Stations across the Missouri

CHURCH OF ST. CHARLES BORROMEO 441

in St. Charles county, but had for some time no permanent residence in
any of them. The first Jesuits who visited St. Charles were Father Van
Quicltenborn, the Superior of the Missions, and Father Timmermans.

In 1827 Father Van Quiclienborn bought a new frame building on Main
street, near Lewis, and the Fathers took up their residence there. In 1827,
also, they began the building of the stone church, corner of Second and
Decatur. Completed in the fall of 1827, by the indomitable energy of the
pastors, and the corresponding courage of the parishoners, it was sol-
emnly consecrated by Bishop Rosatti on the 12th of October. On that
grand occasion, Father Van Quickenborn acted as assistant priest, Fathers
DeTheux and Dusosey as Deacons of Honors, and Fathers Smedts and
DeSmet as Deacon and sub-Deacon. Gladly would we give here a short
sketch of the Fathers who in turn acted as Superiors of the St. Charles
Residence and as pastors of the congregation, but this would exceed the
limits of the intended sketch, and would be difficult to do, for one who
has not the necessary dates at command ; thus, however, we must say
that they were all men who knew how to make generous sacrifices for
the interest of religion and education ; nay, even for the temporal wel-
fare of St. Charles. They were all men of zeal and of indomitable ener-
gy, most of them too, were men of talent and superior education.

Before passing on there is one name, however, which is so familiar still
to all the people of St. Charles that we cannot pass it over in silence ; it
may seem invidious, but we cannot withstand giving it with a brief
sketch of his life. Wo, mean the Rev. P. J. Verhaegen, whose name has
left a deep impression on the Protestants as well as on the Catholics :

Born in Belgium on the 21st of June, 1800. He came to Missouri in
1821, as one of the little band of Jesuit missionaries, whom Bishop Du-
bourg had succeeded in drawing to his vast diocese which stood so sadly
in need of clergymen to break the word of life to them. Before his ordina-
tion he had already visited St. Charles to instruct the people and to gather
them together on Sunday. Ordained in 1826 he became the regular Pas-
tor and Superior, and remained until August, 1828. Incredibly hard and
laborious was his position, especially during the building of the stone
church, at which he Avorked almost as a day laborer. In 1828 he was suc-
ceeded by Father J. B. Smedts as Pastor and Superior of St. Charles,
and Father Felix Verreydt as Missionary to the surrounding country.

Father Verhajgen, transferred to the St. Louis University, acted there
as its President, later as Superior of the missions, and later again as
Vicar General and Administrator of the diocese of St. Louis. Relieved
of these arduous duties he returned to St. Charles in 1843, to leave it
again in 1844 to become Proviucial of the Jesuits in Maryland. Having
there completed his term of ofiice he returned to the West and becanie
the first President of the College of St. Joseph at Bardstown, which the
Bishop of Louisville confided to the Society in 1848. In 1851 he returned
once more to St. Charles to leave it only for one year, that is the year
1857-58, which he spent at the St. Louis University to teach Theology to
the young scholastics, and to give the Sunday evening lectures at St.
Xavier's Church ; returned to St. Charles, which was the place of his
choice, he acted as Superior of the residence, and as first pastor until his
death, and in that double capacity, he endeared himself more and more
with the people of the city. In 1808 his health began visibly to give
way, and after a few days of serious illness he died at the pastoral resi-
dence on Third street, on the 21st of July, regretted by all; on the 28th
his mortal remains were followed to their last resting place at the Novi-
tiate near Florissant, by many of his sorrowing spiritual children.

Father Verhaigen was a man of superior mind, of profound knowledge
and of genial manners; he was the friend of all who knew him, ever
cheerful, and with a kind word for all who came near him. During hl»

442 PIOXEER FAMILIES OV MISSOURI

long career of usefulness in the high positions he so successfully filled
as Rector of Colleges, as Superior of the Missions, as Provincial of
Order and as Administrator of the Diocese of St. Louis, he gained what
he did not seel:, a great name, and an extensive popularity, and promoted
what was the sole object of his ambition, the good of religion and educa-
tion and the greater glory of God.

On the 29th of July, 1868, he was succeeded by the Rev. J. R)es as
Superior of the residence and as lirst pastor, who holds the same office
still.

A month after his appointment it was found necessary, on account of
the constantly increasing number of the parishoners, to secure as soon as
possible, a larger church edifice, and on the last Sunday of August, a spir-
ited meeting of the congregation was held in the old school-house on
Third street, now known as the Franjdin School, at which it was deter-
mined to begin at once the new church. Permission was obtained from
his grace Archbishop Kenricii and from the Provincial of the Society, and
soon several thousand dollars were subscribed; the foundations were
begun in October, the corner stone however was only laid on the Dth of May,
1869, by his grace the Archbishop, in the midst of an immense concourse
of people who had flocked together from St. Louis and from the neigh-
borhood; they were addressed by Rev. Father Tschieder of St. Joseph's
in St. Louis, their former pastor, in German, and Rev. Father O'Reilly, now
as then pastor of the Immaculate Conception, St. Louis, in English.
After four years of persevering sacrifices, on the part of the people, and
of struggle and toil on the part of the pastors, the splendid edifice was
completed. In the beginning of October, 1872, and on the 13th of that
mo'ntli it was solemnly consecrated by Rt. Rev. P. J. Ryan, Coadjutor
Bishop of St. Louis, assisted by a great cumber of clergymen from St.
Louis and St. Cliarles counties. Tlie crowd assisting at tlie beautiful and
grand ceremony of consecration was very large; it was addressed by Rev.
J. DeBleick, S. J., of the St. Louis University, in English, and by Rev. P.
J. Tschieder of St. Joseph's, in German; both sermons were masterly
pieces. The consecration was followed by a solemn high mass. Father
Van Assche, of Florissant, one of the original founders of the Missouri
Province was the celebrant, and was assisted by Fathers J. Van Mierlo
and Van Leert as Deacon and sub-Deacon. On the 29th of March, 1873,
the cliurch was permanently opened for divine service by a very success-
ful mission preached by Rev. J. Coghlan, S. J., from St. Mary's, Kansas,
assisted by Rev. Kulilmau, S. J., from the Novitiate. The present pas-
tors are Father J. Roes assisted by Fathers W. B. V. Ileydeu and H. Van
Mierlo.

The financial crash of 1872 has put the congregation to great trouble
and sacrifice; but it is to be hoped this will now soon end, and with the
available property sold on even reasonably low figures, the congregation
will find an end to their troubles and will be able to boast of their fine
church and school and pastoral residence, and leave a glorious legacy to
their children.

THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY HERMIT 443

MAJ. GEORGE BAUGHMAN, THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY

HERMIT.

In a lonely, desolate hillside, a short distance from Danville,
there lives a singular being known as the Montgomery county
hermit. His place of abode is in a small cavern, formed by a
shelving rock in the side of the hill, on one side of which he has
built a wall of stone and formed a rough doorway, which is closed
by some boards clumsily fastened together. The sides of the cave
are smoky and dirty, and a more gloomy, desolate place could
hardly be found. Here this singular man has resided since about
1852, twenty-four years, and he will doubtless remain there until
death removes him to a more pleasant habitation. He subsists upon
charity, public and private, and the fruits of his gun and fishing
tackle. He also raises a small crop of corn each year, and has a
a few peach trees near his cave, which yield him a small amount
of that delicious fruit each season. His gun is of the most antique
pattern, long and ungainly, like himself, and shows the effects of
age and constant use, being held together by numerous strings
and bands. He dresses in a style peculiar to himself, as will be
observed by referring to his portrait on the frontispiece, which
is copied from a photograph taken expressly for this work, the
sitting being secured just after he had return from a fishing ex-
cursion. His shoes, which do not show in the pictui'e, are com-
posed of rough leather, tied with strings to a sole composed of a
piece of a clapboard ; he discards socks entirely.

In the side of the hill near his den he has dug two large wells,
twenty-five or thirty feet deep, in quest of golden treasures
which he imagines are hid there. The greater portion of the ex-
cavations has been made through solid rock, without the aid of
powder or blasting tools, and he has carried the debris to the top
in his pockets and shirt bosom, ascending and descending by
means of a ladder of the most primitive construction. Some idea,
therefore, may be formed of the patience and perseverance that
have been employed in the prosecution of his work.

We have obtained a history of this singular person, which we
present below, and from it may be gleaned the cause of his hal-
lucination and peculiar mode of life.

Henry Baughman, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch,
was a native of Holland, but desiring to better his prospects in
life, he came to America, and settled in Pennsylvania. When

444 PIONEKR FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

the revolutionary war began he enlisted in the American army
and served his adopted country during its struggle for indepen-
dence. After the close of the war he removed to Stark county,
Ohio, where he settled and lived. He had a son named George,
who married Mary Mclntire, and settled in Carroll county, Ohio.
They had ten children, viz. : Jacob, Joseph, Emanuel, William,
James, Henry, George, Polly, Esther, and Rachel.

George was born December 3, 1814, and is now nearly 62 years
of age. He received a good common school education, having
attended the public schools in the vicinity of his father's house
during the winter months from the time he was eight years old
until he was nearly grown.

In 1836 he came to St. Louis, Mo., where he remained one
month, and then went to Washington county, Illinois, and settled
on 80 acres of land that his father had given him. He remained
there until 1847, when he traded his farm for one in Cliristian
county, Mo., where he settled and resided five yeai's. At the end
of that time he paid a visit to his father in Ohio, remaining only
a short time. He then purchased a cart and a yoke of oxen, and
accompanied by his little nephew, started on his return to Mis-
souri. His route lay through Montgomery county, and he camped
one night at Loutre Lick, where he lost one of his oxen, and
spent a moi.th in looking for him, without success.

In the meantime his mind became deranged on the subject of
gold, and he located at the place where he has since lived, and be-
gan to dig for hidden treasure. His nephew remained with him
several years, but being in destitute circumstances he was finally
sent home by some of the citizens of the community.

Baughman says that many years ago the French concealed large
quantities of gold where he has dug his wells ; that he has now
found the treasure and is waiting for France to send an army to
stand guard while he takes it out. He declares that he has writ-
ten several letters to the Boss of Paris in regard to the matter, and
thinks the army will be here soon. He will converse in a perfectly
sane manner en any subject except that of gold, but the moment
that is mentioned he forgets everything else and will talk about
nothing but his hidden treasures.

He has an old horse with which he cultivates a small patch of
government land, and the County Court appropriates $25 a year
to his support. This money is placed in the hands of Mr. Dock
Graham, who expends it to the best advantage, and in such a

THE SLICKER WAR 445

way that Baughman imagines he earns it, for if he had the
slightest intimation that it was a public charity he would, not
accept it under any circumstances. He catches fish and shoots
squirrels, rabbits, turkeys and other game, which he sells or trades
for groceries and other necessary articles ; so that he does not
suffer for something to subsist upon. Mr. Graham and other
citizens of the vicinity extend a helping hand to him when he
needs assistance, and are careful to see that he does not suffer
for anything. He grinds his meal on a mill of his own construc-
tion, and does his own cooking and washing — though from his
usual appearance one might infer that he did very little of the
latter. He is a gentleman in his manners, quiet and inoffensive,
and his cave is often visited by children, of whom he is quite
fond. He is liked and respected by the people of the vicinity,
who are careful not to offend him or wound his feelings by making
light of his singular hallucination and mode of living ; and notwith-
standing his seclusion and eccentricities he will be sincerely
mourned when the hand of death is laid upon him.

THE SLICKER WAR.

Only a few of the older citizens of Lincoln and St. Charles coun-
ties remember anything about the " Slicker War," as it was called,
that occurred between rival organizations in the two counties, be-
ginning about 1844, and closing about three years afterward. It
was a civil war of considerable dimensions, and well deserves a
place in this history.

The organizantion known as Slickers originated in Benton
county about 184 L The name came from their mode of inflicting
punishment, which was to tie the culprit to a tree and " slick" or
whip him with hickory withes, and then give him notice to leave
the country in a designated time. The Slickers were organized
for the purpose of breaking up a band of horse thieves and coun-
terfeiters, who tad their headquarters among the hills and moun-
tains of Benton county. Similar organizations were formed in
various parts of the State for like purposes, and were known by the
same general appellation of Slickers. In some instances bad men,
and even the very thieves and counterfeiters against whom they

446 I'lONEEU FAMILIES OF JIISSOURI

were warring, contrived to become members of tliese societies
and througli their evil influence and false and maUcioiis represen-
tations innocent and unoffending persons were severely and cruelly
punished. This led to the organization of anti-Slicker companies,
and in some parts of the State actual war raged between the
opposing factions, and many persons were killed, wou;ided, or
maltreated.

During the high water in June, 1844, several small steamers
ascended Cuivre river to Chain-of-Rocks, in Lincoln county,
where there was a small village consisting of several stores, a mill,
one or two shops, etc. One of these boats, called the Bee, made
several trips between St. Louis and that place, and on one of her
trips landed a man at the Chain-of-Rocks who gave his name as
Hal Grammar, and who proved to be a counterfeiter, horse thief,
and bad character generally.

The next time the Bee came up she brought a peddler, who-
landed from the boat and proceeded to the hotel to get his dinner.
He left his pack in the office of the hotel and passed into the din-
ing room, and while engaged in eating his dinner Hal Grammar
and his confederates, who at that time were unknown, stole the
goods and left. Grammar was captured soon after, but had dis-
posed of the goods, which were never found. He escaped from
his captors, and it soon became evident to the citizens that there
was a regular organization of thieves and counterfeiters in their
county, and that Grammar was doubtless the originator and chief
of the band.

The county became flooded with counterfeit money ; horses,
cattle and hogs were stolen and run out of tlic country ; and the
thieves finally became so bold that they butchei*ed beef cattle on
the farms of their owners, and shipped the meat to St. Louis in
boats prepared for the purpose.

The evil having become unendurable, the citizens organized a
company of Slickers for the purpose of ridding themselves of
their grievance. Many of the best men of the county joined the
organization, and Mr. James Stallard, of Hurricane township, was
elected captain. In the company were such men as Ira T; Nel-
son, RoUa Mayes, Abraham and Joshua King, Rufus Gibson,
Mitchell Bosman, John and Malachi Davis, Washington Noel,
Lewis G. JMartin, Sebran Wallace, Littleton Dryden, William
and Benjamin Cooper, William Wilson, Thomas Wallace, James
Bedows, Abraham Burkhead, Dr. William Wise, James Day, John

THE SLICKER WAR 447

Argent, George Smith, John W. McKee, . John Dalton, Joseph
Wright, James Oliver, James and John Lindsay, Kinehen Rob-
inson, Jacob Boone, Levi Bailey, Jacob Groshong, George Pol-
lard, Elihu Jones, Taylor Grumes, Willis Hutton, Samuel and
James Alexander, Andrew Hill, Jacob Conn, John Loving,
Charles Mcintosh, Charles W. Martin, Lawrence B. Sitten, Tandy
K. Nichols, James Blademore, Harrison Anderson, Joseph Wood-
son, Carroll Sitten, Zoar Perkins, M. Martin, Vincent Shields,
and others, among whom, as was afterward ascertained, were sev-
eral of the counterfeiters and thieves. All of those whose names
are given were good, honest, law-abiding citizens, who went into
the organization from the best of motives. Only seven of the
entire number are now living.

The thieves and counterfeiters were hunted out and tried, and
most of them were whipped and ordered to leave the country,
which they were glad to do ; but a few of the ring leaders were
executed.

These vigorous measures soon restored peace and security to
the honest people of the county, and the Slickers ought then to
have disbanded, but they kept up their organization, and, as usual
with such bodies, soon began to punish some that were innocent
along with the guilty.

In the spring of 1845 reports came to the Slickers that the sons
of Mr. James Trumbull were in sympathy with counterfeiters,
and were encouraging and abetting them in their unlawful busi-
ness. The reports were not true, but were made by malicious and
evil minded persons, and led to a serious and deadly affray. The
boys were ordered to leave the country, which they positively
refused to do. The Slickers therefore determined to enforce their
order, and one day about the middle of April, 1845, a party of
them went to Trumbull's house for that purpose. They arrived
about noon, and found the family, who had expected an attack,
armed and barricaded in their house. Mr. Trumbull and his
daughter Sarah came out to expostulate with the Slickers and
entreat them to go away, declaring that they and their relatives
were entirely innocent of the charges made against them. But
their appeals were unavailing, and they were told that they must
immediately leave the county.

The slickers at once attacked the house, and John and Mal-
achi Davis endeavored to enter together. The former was
wounded on the head by a corn knife in the hands of one of the

448 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Trumbull girls, and the latter received two gunshot wounds from one
of the boys, named Squire, from the effects of which he died next
day. John Davis, though suffering severely from his wound,
shot both Squire Trumbull and his brother James, shattering the
thigh bone of the former with a rifle ball, from the effects of
which he died several weeks later. James Trumbull was shot
through the mouth and neck, and fell apparently dead, but finally
recovered from his wounds, though he remained paralyzed the
rest of his life. He died several years afterward, in Arkansas.
Several Slickers were wounded, but not seriously, and they finally
withdrew without having accomplished their purpose.

Among the Slickers engaged in this affair was Kinchen Robin-
son, who was a great gasser, and who styled himself the " lamp-
lighter of the twelve apostles." When the fight was over he re-
treated with considerable haste, and just as he sprang over the
yard fence one of the Trumbull girls cut the tail of his coat off
with a corn knife. His acquaintances enjoyed a good deal of fun
at his expense after that adventure.

This unfortunate affair became noised over the entire country,
and opposition at once began to manifest itself against the
Slickers. Many who had previously been in full sympathy with
them now denounced them without stint, and demanded that
their organization should be broken up, as they had accomplished
their object and were now going beyond the bounds of reason,
and even becoming outlaws themselves,

A company of anti-Slickers was organized in St, Charles
county, in the vicinity of Flint Hill, with the avowed determina-
tion of dispersing the Slickers of Lincoln county. They station-
ed a guard at Trumbull's house, to prevent further bloodslied,
and warned the Slickers -not to cause any more trouble. Mr.
James Shelton was elected captain of this company, and among
his men were David McFarlane, Robert Sheley, Bob Woolfolk,
Joseph Allen, Perry Custer, George W. AVright, Sam Carter, Scott
Evans, Sam Newland, Benjamin and Oliver Pitts, George M.
Coats, Jeff. Dyer, George McGregor, Archibald M. Wade, John
T. Daniels, Elliot Lusby, Lewis and Peter Daniels, Dr, William
Coleman, S, L, Barker, Tliomas, Amos and Joseph Dyer, Will-
iam A. Abington, John P. Allen, and many other leading men of
that part of the county. They were all citizens of St. Charles
county, while the Slickers were all citizens of Lincoln, and on
that account considerable enmity arose between the people of the

THE SLICKEK WAR 449

two counties. Both organizations were composed of good men
actuated by honest motives, but through misrepresentations and
tlie excitement of the times they were brought into antagonism,
and several fights and skirmishes ensued, in which a number
were wounded, others were whipped, and one or two lives were
lost.

But the excitement finally died away, and both companies were
eventually disbanded.

About two years afterward Captain Shelton, while crossing
Cuivre river in a skiff, was fired upon by some person concealed
in the brush on the Lincoln county side, and his arm was broken.
One Jacob Boone, who had been a Slicker during the late trouble,
was accused of the crime, arrested, and taken to Troy for trial.
When his trial came off he was acquitted, as there was no direct
evidence against him. But the friends of Shelton, a few of jvhom
had attended the trial, declared that he had escaped justice
through the connivance and influence of his friends in Lincoln
count}'^, who had been his companions in the Slicker war ; and an
angry discussion arose in regard to the matter, during which the
old Slicker and anti-Slicker difficulties were revived, and much
bitterness was manifested on both sides. That night as Shelton's
friends were returning home, several of them were waylaid and
fired upon but fortunately none were hurt. The' same evening,
about dusk, two young men, nephews of Mr. Levi Bailey, who
had expressed anti-Slicker sentiments, were fired upon by parties
in ambush just as they were entering the outer gate that led to
their uncle's house, where they were going on a visit. One of
their horses was shot through the jaw, and several buckshot
passed through a shawl that one of the boys wore.

These events again aroused the old excitement, which ran high
for some time ; and several years elapsed before the matter was
forgotten and friendly feelings restored.

And such was the gi'eat Slicker war, which threatened for some
time to array the citizens of two populous counties in deadly
hostility against each other, to bathe theiv hearth-stones in
blood, and lay waste their farms and homes. It teaches a prac-
tical lesson that should not be forgotten, -viz. : that good men,
with the best intentions, may be led into the commission of un-
just, unlawful and cruels deeds when they take the law into their
own hands and attempt to punish criminals and allay crime by
summary proceedings.
29

450 riONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

THE GERMAN IMMIGRATION.

In 1824-25 an educated and intelligent German named Gott-
fried Duden, came to America and traveled extensivel3' over our
country, observing our climate, soil and productions, and taking
notes of our manners, customs, laws, etc. He spent nearly a
year in the region of country embraced in the counties of St.
Charles, Warren and Montgomery, traveling under the guidance
of Daniel M. Boone and others, whom he paid liberally for their
services.

He was highly pleased with the country and the people whom he
found here, and upon his return to Germany wrote and published
a book of 350 pages, giving a complete history of our laws, forms
of government, etc., with a thorough description of the portions
of country that he had visited. The book had an immense salt,
and he became wealthy from the proceeds.

In a few years the effect of his writings began to be manifest
by the arrival of German immigrants, preceded by a few educated
and wealthy men who came in advance to prepare the wa}' for
them. Each family had a copy of Duden's book, and so accu-
rate were his descriptions of places and names that thej' knew
the farms and the names of their owners as they came to them.

They expected not only to find an abundance of game and
wild animals of all kinds — in which they were not disappointed —
but also to be under the necessity of defending their homes
against the attacks of the savages ; and hence they came prepared
with swords, muskets, pistols, etc. It was no uncommon thing to
see a stout burgher marching at the head of his familj' with an
immense sabre buckled around his portly form and a musket or
portentious yager resting upon his broad shoulders. But they
soon beat their swords into plowshares and used their fire-arms
to kill squirrels, turkeys, deer and other game with which the
country abounded.

The Americans rejoiced at their coming, and extended to them
a hearty welcome, for they brought with them money, which the
country greatly needed just at that time, bought lands, and
proved to be honest, industrious, thrifty citizens. They also
introduced the mechanical arts of an older country, and manufac-
tured many useful articles that had before been unknown to the
Americans.

Louis Eversman came with Duden, traveled with him, and

GERMAN IMMIGRATION 451

remained when the latter returned to Europe ; so that he was the
first German settler in that part of Missouri. He married a Miss
McLane^ bought a farm in Warren county, raised an intelligent
family, and became a prominent and influential citizen.

Most of the first immigrants were from Hespers, Germany, and
they arrived in 1833. They came in societies or companies,
which bore the names of their native places in Germany. The
Berlin Society was composed of the following families : Charles
Madler, Charles A. Miller, William and Ferdinand Roch, Henry
Walks, Henr}^ Seitz, Louis, William, and Conrad Haspes, August
Rixrath, Jerry Schieper, Daniel Renner, Justus Muhnn and his
two brothers, Charles Lipross, Philip Renner, Jacob Sack, Henry
Schaa, Harmon Stuckhoff, and Charles V. Spankern, Most of
these settled in the .western part of St. Charles county, in the
vicinity of Augusta. Other families came about the same time,
amongst whom were, Charles Wincker, George H. Mindrup (who
served as Judge of the County Court of St. Charles county four
years), Frederick Wincker (who was postmaster at Augusta for
sometime), Bernhard and Henry Stuckhoff, Arnold Vaelkerding,
William, August, and Julius Sehart, Francis Krekel (father of
Judge" Arnold Krekel), and Julius, Emile, Herman, and Conrad
Mallinckrodt. The Mallinckrodts were all well educated, and
became influential citizens in the communities where they settled.
They studied the English language before they came to America,,
but the pronunciation was incorrect, and when they arrived in.
this country they were mortified to find that they could not con-
verse with our people until they had unlearned the English which
had been taught them in Germany. When Julius Mallinckrodt
arrived in St. Louis, he met a man in the street, and desiring to
make some inquiries of him, he addressed him in what he
supposed to be the English language, but the man could not
understand him. He then addressed him in German, and then in
Latin, but he still could not understand. By this time they were
both excited and beginning to grow angry, when Mallinckrodt
exclaimed in a fit of desperation, '■'■ Parlez-vous Francais, Mon-
sieur?" Instantly the man threw his arms around his neck and
embraced him, while tears of joy ran down his cheeks. He
proved to be a Frenchman who had just arrived in the city, and^
like Mallinckrodt, could not find any one with whom he could
converse. The latter spoke French almost as fluently as he did
his mother tongue, and a warm friendship, which lasted for

452 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

years, at once sprang up between the two strangers in a strange
land.

In 1834 the Gissen Society arrived. It was under charge of
Hon. Frederick Munch, who still resides in Warren county, and
besides being a man of great local influence, is a writer and author
of some renown. He has been a member of the Legislature and
State Senate several times, and is everywhere recognized as a man
of ability and a profound thinker and philosopher. He was born
and raised in the province of Upper Hesse, in Prussia, and edu-
cated for the ministry. He was pastor of a Protestant Liberal
church in Germany thirteen years, and in 1834 he organized the
Gissen Society from among the members of his congregation, and
came to America. In the Society were the following families :
Gotlieb Beng, John Kessler, Jacob Jeude, Frederick Reck, "Dr.
Frederick Kruge, Henry Becker, Charles Kesel, Jonathan Kunze,
Mr. Guhlemann, Frederick Feach, Andrew and Louis Klug,
Pressner Goepel (whose son Gelt afterward represented Franklin
county in both Houses of the Legislature), Frederick Bruche (whose
son Henry represented Cape Girardeau county in the Legislature),
and Augustus Kroell, who was pastor of a German Protestant
church in Cincinnati at the time of his death. The above families
settled in the eastern part of Warren and western portion of St.
Charles counties, where they and their descendants still reside.
Their religious belief is rational. They discard all miarcles and
the doctrine of atonement through the blood of Christ, believing
that we make our own future condition by the life we live here,
receiving punishment for our evil deeds and rewards for our good
ones. They accept Christ as a good man and a great teacher, but
do not believe that he was divine.

Some time after the arrival of the Gissen Society, the following
families came : Jacob and Frederick Ahmann, Cliarles Winkelmeir,
Frederick and Erasmus Hieronymus, Ulmfers and Frederick
Blantink, Erastus Grabbs (who became a merchant, postmaster,
and Justice of the Peace in Marthasville, Warren county), Will-
iam Barez, (who was a banker in Berlin and a very intelligent
man), George Munch, Henry and George Berg, Mr. Fuhr and his
five sons, John Miller, Henry Dickhouse, Harmon Lucas and his
brother, Henry and Luke Hurmann, Mr. Tuepperts, and Mr. Ober-
hellmann.

In 1833 the following families settled in St. Charles county,
in and near Dog Prairie, all of whom were from Prussia : Antone

GERMAN IMMIGRATION 453

Arens (whose wife was Amelia Ostoman, and the names of their
children were Joseph, Sophia, Antone, Amelia, and Theodore),
Joseph Floar, Joseph and John Shoane, Francis Moledor and his
two sons Frank and Casper, Anton Stahlsmidth, John Freymuth,
Mr. Mescheda (who came in 1837), Alexander Arens, Joseph
Stahlsmidth, John Heidelmann, Frederick Loebecke, Andrew Sali,
and Baltasar Vetsch, who came from the province of Alsace.

Most of the Germans who came to America with money, lost it
by injudicious speculations in lands, but those who came poor
generally prospered on their small beginnings, and soon became
money-loaners and land-owners. Many of them became wealthy,
and left large families in affluent circumstances. No other race of
people ever did more for the development of a country, or made
better or more thrifty citizens. They caused barren hillsides to blos-
som with grape-vines and fruit trees, and opened large farms in
the midst of dense forests. Swamps and marshes were drained,
and fertile fields took the place of stagnant ponds that for years
had sent out their miasmas to poison the atmosphere of the sur-
rounding country and breed fevers, chills, and pestilence. Villages
and towns sprang up where solitude had previously reigned, and
the liberal arts began to flourish. The country received a new
impetus, and prosperity smiled upon the people.

Many of the descendants of those early German families have
become influential and leading men, in politics, letters, sciences,
arts and commerce. Among this class may be mentioned the
children of Francis Krekel, several of whom have become distin-
guished through their own efl'orts and perseverance. Judge
Arnold Krekel, of the United States District Court, has gained a
reputation that is national, and when we consider the difficulties
that he had to contend against, we can not do otherwise than accord
to him an unusual degree of talent and energy.

He was about sixteen years of age when his father arrived in
Missouri, his mother having died of cholera on the route. He
could neither speak nor understand a word of the English lan-
guage, but at once began the study of it, and was soon able to
converse intelligibly with his American neighbors. He worked
as a farm hand, and made rails at twenty-five cents per 100, uniil
he obtained money enough to pay his expenses at school, when he
went to St. Charles and became a student in St. Charles College.
He graduated at that Institution, studied law, and began to practice
in the city of St. Charles. He was successful from the start and

454 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

soon gained both distinction and wealth. His subsequent his-
tory is famiUar to the people of the State, and need not be
given here.

His father was a devout Catholic, and several of his brothers
are members of that Church, but he embraced liberal views in re-
ligious matters at a very early age, and though perhaps not an in-
fidel in the real meaning of that word, he does not believe in the
divine origin of the Bible or the biblical account of creation.

His early views with regard to the origin of man were somewhat
peculiar, but we cannot say whether he still entertains the same
opinions or not. Bei^g asked one day how he would account for
the existence of man if he discarded the biblical theory, he re-
plied that he supposed there was a place in some remote country
where, the soil and elements being favorable, man germinated
and grew like the vegetable productions of the earth, and after-
ward developed from that imperfect state into his present condi-
tion. The Judge would hardly advance such an idea now, but he
doubtless still believes in the natural and scientific theory of the
creation of man rather than the scriptural.

THE TOWN OF TROY, LINCOLN COUNTY.

This town was named from Troy, N. Y., by Mr. Joshua N.
Robbins, a native of that city, and who was the first merchant of
Troy, Mo. The latter place was founded in 1802, on two Spanish
grants, made respectively to Joseph Cottle and Zadock Woods.
The dividing line ran through the big spring, giving one-half of it
to each of the parties. Woods getting the north and Cottle the
south half. During the Indian war a fort was built on Woods'
land, and called Woods' Fort, and during the winter of 1813-14
Lieut. Zachary Taylor, who subsequently became a Major-General
and then President of the United States, had his headquarters in
this fort.

In 1824 Mr. Woods sold his land and removed to Austin, Texas,
where he and several of his sons were killed during the war be-
tween Mexico and the Lone Star Republic.

In 1827 there were four stores in Troy, owned by the following
gentlemen, viz. : Joshua N. Robbins, Emanuel Block, R. J. Peers

THE BLACK HAWK WAK 455

and H. C. Diaper. The place contained one hotel, kept by
Rev. Andrew Monroe, and thirty families, none of whom are
there now. Tro}' was not made the county-seat until 1829, when
it was removed from Old Alexandria and located there.

Many exciting events occurred at and near Troy, then called
Woods' Fort, during the Indian war, but as they are given else-
where we will not repeat them here.

During early days a physician named Linn lived at Troy, and
cue day he was sent for to see a negro woman named Sail, who be-
longed to Mr. John Carty. The woman h^d had a chill, an the
doctor inquired what time the chill came on. She replied, " Jes
as Isaac cum from de mill." "Well, Isaac," said the doctor,
*' when did you come from the mill? " "Jes 'fore John cum wid
de wood," was the reply. " Well, John, when did you come with
the wood?" "Jes 'fore Bill cum home." "And when did Bill come
home?" sharply inquired the doctor, whose ire was beginning to
rise. "I golly ! " said Bill, "jes 'fore Sail had de chill." "And
how in thunder am I to find out from you blamed fools when
the woman had the chill?" exclaimed the now furious doctor.
Bill sighed a melancholy sigh, and replied, "God knows; /
want dar."

THE BLACK HAWK WAR.

During the winter of 1831-2, several tribes of Indians- whose
country lay within the present limits of Illinois, Iowa and Wis-
consin, began to manifest warlike intentions. They were led by
the celebrated Black Hawk, a chief of the Sac Nation, who
proved himself to be, by nature, both a soldier and a statesman ;
and had he possessed the advantages of civilization and education
he would have made one of the most celebrated characters of
history. He possessed an implacable hatred against the Amer-
icans, probably with good cause, if wc may believe the state-
ments made in his autobiography published in the following pages,
and nearly his entire life was spent in fighting against tb'iia.
During the war of 1812 he received a commission as Brigadier
General from the British government, and commanded an army
of Indians who served one campaign with the British regu-

456 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

lars in the lake region. Tiiey were defeated in several en-
gagements, when Black Hawk and his warriors returned in disgust
to their own country, where they resumed operations against the
American settlements lying between the Mississippi and IMissouri
rivers. Black Hawk was the leading spirit in all the attacks made
upon those settlements, several of which he led in person. (For
a full account of these events, see Indian War, and Life of Black
Hawk.)

The troubles of 1831-2 arose out of a refusal of the Sac Indians,
or a portion of them, to leave their country in Illinois, which they
had previously ceded to the United States government. A portion
of the tribe, led by a chief named Keokuk, acquiesced in the
terms of the treaty, and peacefully removed to the western bank
of the Mississippi ; but Black Hawk claimed that the treaty was
a fraud, and refused to leave his village. In the summer of 1831
several American families settled in the Sac village, and were
ordered away by Black Hawk and his warriors. They appealed
to the government for protection, and refused to leave. Black
Hawk raised a band of several hundred warriors from among the
Sacs, Foxes and Winnebagoes, and assumed a warlike attitude.
The Saqs and Foxes had for ages been in close alliance with each
other, and always made common cause against any nation with
whom they were at war.

The white families that had settled in the Sac country now be-
came alarmed, and fled for safety to the adjacent forts, while an
army of United States regulars and Illinois and Missouri militia,
under the command of Gens. Scott and Atkinson, advanced
agaist the hostile_^Indians. The latter retired northward expecting
assistance from the British in Canada, in which they were, of
course, disappointed. Several skirmishes and one principal battle
took place, in which the Indians were defeated and scattered.
They eventually came within the American lines and surrendered,
and were removed to their reservation west of the Mississippi.

Black Hawk, being deserted by his warriors after their defeat,
wandered about for some time, endeavoring to evade the Ameri-
can forces, but finally came within the lines and surrendered un-
conditionally. He was treated with marked distinction hy the
American officers, and after a short confinement in Jefferson Bar-
racks, below St. Louis, he was taken on a tour through the east-
ern cities of the United States, where immense crowds of people
flocked to see the distinguished warrior. He was finally returne<?.

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 457

to his people with a much better opinion of the Americans than
he had previously entertained, and from that time until his death
he went no more upon the war-path.

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK.

The Indian name for Black Hawk is Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiaky
which we presume very few Americans can pronounce.

The following autobiography was dictated by Black Hawk to
Mr. Antoine Leclair, United States Interpreter for the Sac and
Fox Indians, in August, 1833, and published by him in October
of the same year. It is Black Hawk's own account of his life^
given in his own words, as translated into English, and it is deeply
interesting from the beginning to the end. Of course it will not
do to accept all his statements as true, for many of them are, no
doubt, highly colored in his favor, but in general the history is
correct, and agrees in the main with our own histories, made from
oflScial reports, etc. This autobiography shows Black Hawk to
have been a strong and original thinker, a keen observer of the
ways of men, and a shrewd leader among his own people. He
also represents himself as a man of humane and generous feelings,
in such a straightforward, unostentatious manner that we cannot
accuse him of egotism, but on the contrary, are led to believe
that he spoke the truth, as he understood it, at least; and, in fact^
the accounts which have been given of his generosity and hu-
manity, by white men, correspond with what he says iii regard to
himself.

We are indebted for the privilege of copying this little book, to
the Librarian of the St. Louis Mercantile Library, where it has
been on exliibition since the death of Rev. Wm. M. Peck, by
whom it was willed to the Library. It has been out of print many
years, and being a very rare and entertaining work, will no
doubt be highly prized by the readers of this book.

CERTIFICATE.

Indian A(;i;xf i , Kock Island, >
October KJth, 183:5. /
I do hereby certify that Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, or Black Hawk, did
call upon me, on his return to liis peoi)le in xVngust last, and express a
great desire to have a history of his life written and published, in order

458 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

(as he said) that the people of the United States miglit know the causes
that had impelled him to act as he had done, and the principles by which
he was governed. In accordance with his request I acted as Interpreter;
and was particularly cautious to understand distinctly the narrative of
Black Hawk throughout, and have examined the work carefully, since its
completion, and have no hesitation in pronouncing it strictly correct in all
its particulars.

Given under my hand, at the Sac and Fox Agency, the day and date
above written. Antoine Leclaik,

U. S. Interpreter for the Sacs and Foxes.

DEDICATION.
To Brigadiek-Genekal H. Atkinson :

Sir — The changes of fortune and vicissitudes of Avar made you my con-
quei'or. When my last resources were exhausted, my warriors worn down
with long and toilsome marches, we yielded, and I became your prisoner.

The story of my life is told in the following pages ; it is intimately con-
nected, and in some measure, identifled- with a part of the history of your
own; I have, therefore, dedicated it to you.

The changes of many summers have brought old age upon me, and I
cannot expect to survive many more. Before I set out on my journey to
the land of my fathers, I have determined to give my motives iind reasons
for^y former hostilities to the whites, and to vindicate my character from
misrepresentation. The kindness I received from you while a prisoner of
war, assures me that you will vouch for the facts contained in my narra-
tive, so far as they came under your observation.

I am now an obscure member of a nation that formerly honored and
and respected my opinion. The path to glory is rough, and many gloomy
hours obscure it.

May the Great Spirit shed light on yours, and that you may never expe-
rience the humility that the power of the American Government has
reduced me to, is the wish of him, who, in his native forests, was once as
proud and bold as yourself. Black Hawk.

10th moon, 1833.

I was born at the Sac Village, on Rock River, in the year 1767,
und am now in my 67th year. My great-grandfather Na-na-ma-
kee, or Thunder, was born, in the vicinity of Montreal, where the
Great Spirit first placed the Sac nation, and inspired him with the
belief that, at the end of four years, he should see a white man,
who would be to him a father. Consequently, he blacked his face,
and eat but once a day (just as the sun was going down,) for
three years, and continued dreaming throughout all this time
whenever he slept ; when the Great Spirit again appeared to him,
and told him that, at the end of one year more, he should meet
his father, and directed him to start s'even days before its expira-
tion, and take with him his two brothers, Nah-ma or Sturgeon,
and Pan-ka-hum-ma-wa or Sun-fish, and travel in a direction to
the left of sun-rising. After pursuing this course five days, he
sent out his two brothers to listen if they could hear a noise, and,
if so, to fasten some grass to the end of a pole, erect it, pointing
in the direction of the sound, and then return to him.

I.Iti; OK KLACK HAWK 459

Early next morning the}- returned and reported that tliey had
heard sounds which appeared near at hand, and that they had ful-
filled his order. They all then started for the place where the
pole had been erected ; when, on reaching it, Na-na-ma-kee left
his party and went alone to the place from whence the sounds pro-
ceeded, and found that the white man had arrived and pitched his
tent. When he came in sight, his father came out to meet him.
He took him by the hand, and welcomed him into his tent. He
told him that he was the son of the King of France — that he had
been dreaming for four years — that the Great Spirit had directed
him to come here, where he should meet a nation of people who
had never yet seen a white man — Ihat they should be his children,
and he should be their father — that he had communicated these
things to the King, his father, who laughed at him, and called
him a Ma-she-na, but he insisted on coming here to meet his
children, where the Great Spirit had directed him. The King
told him that he would neitiier find land nor people — ihat this was
an uninhabitable region of lakes and mountains; but finding that
he would have no p6ace without it, fitted out a na-pe-qua, manned
it, and gave it to him in charge, when he immediately loaded it,
set sail and had now landed at the very place that the Great Spirit
had told him, in his dreams, he should meet his children. He
had now met the man who should, in future, have charge of all the
nation. He then presented him with a medal, which he hung
round his neck. Na-na-ma-kee informed him o( his dreaming and
told him that his two brothers remained a little way behind. His
father gave him a shirt, blanket, and handkerchief, besides a
variety of presents, and told him to go and bring his brothers.
Having laid aside his buffalo robe, and dressed himself in his new
dress, he started to meet his brethren. When they met he ex-
plained to them his meeting, with the white man, and exhibited to
their view the presents that he had made him, took off his medal,
and placed it upon Nah-ma, his eldest brother, and requested
them both to go with him to his father. They proceeded thither,
were ushered into the tent, ami after some brief ceremony his
father opened his chest and took presents therefrom for the new-
comers. He discovered that Na-na-ma-kee had given his medal
to Nah-ma. He told him that he had done wrong — he should
wear that medal himself, as he had others for his brethren. That
which he had given him was a type of the rank he should hold in
the nation. That his brethren could only rank as civil chiefs, and
their duties should consist of taking eare of the village, and at-
tending to its civil concerns, whilst his rank, frojn his superior
knowledge, placed him over them all. If the nation got into any
difficulty with another, then his puc-co-ha-wa-ma or sovereign de-
cree, must be obcj'ed. If he declared war, he must lead them on
to battle. That the Great Spirit had made him a great and brave

460 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

general, and had sent him here to give him that medal, and make
presents to him for his people. His fatlier remained four days,
during which time he gave him guns, powder and lead, spears and
lances, and showed him their use, so tliat in war he could cliastise
his enemies, and in peace tliey could kill buffalo, deer, and otlier
game necessary for the comforts and luxuries of life. lie then
presented the otliers with various kinds of cooking utensils, and
learned them their uses, and having given them a large quantity
of goods, as presents, ilnd every other tiling necessary for their
comfort, he set sail for France, after promising to meet them
again, at the same place, a;ter the twelfth moon. Tiie three
newly made chiefs returned to their village and explained to
Muk-a-ta-quet, their fatlier — who was the principle chief of the
nation — what had been said and done.

The old chief liad some dogs killed and made a feast prepara-
tory to resigning his sceptre, to which all *the nation were invited.
Great anxiety prevailed among them to know what the three
brothers had seen and heard, when the old chief rose and related
to them the sayings and doings of his three sons ; and concluded
by observing tliat the Great Spirit had directed that these, his three
children, should take the rank and power that had been his, and
that he yielded these honors and duties willingly to them, because
it was the wish of the Great Spirit, and he could never consent to
make him angry. He now presented the great medicine bag to
Na-na-ma-kee, and told him that he clieerfully resigned it to him
— it is the soul of our nation — it has never yet been disgraced,
and I will expect you to keep it unsullied. Some dissension arose
among some of them, in consequence of so much power being
given to Na-na-ma-kee, he being so young a man. To quiet this,
Na-na-ma-kee, during a violent thunder storm, told them that he
had caused it and that it was an exemplification of the name the
Great Spirit had given him. During the storm the lightning
struck, and set fire to a tree close by (a sight they had never
witnessed before). He went to it and brouglit away some of its
burning branches, made a fire in the lodge, and seated his bi'oth-
ers thereby, opposite to each other, whilst he stood and addressed
his people as follows: " I am yet young, but the Great Spirit
has called me to the rank I now hold among you. I have never
sought to be any tl;iing more than my birth entitled me. I have
not been ambitious, nor was it ever my wish whilst my father
lives to have taken his place, nor have I now usurped his power.
The Great Spirit caused me to dream for four years ; he told nie
where to go and meet the white man,' who would be a kind father
to us all. I obeyed his order. I went and have seen our new
father. You have all heard what was said and done. The Great
Spirit directed him to come and meet me, and it is his order that
places me at the head of my nation, the place which my father

\
\

LIFE OK BLACK HAWK 461

has willicgly resigned. You have all witnessed the power which
has been given to me by the Great Spirit, in making that fire, and
all that I now ask is, that these, my two chiefs, may never let it
go out, that I may preserve peace among you, and administer
to the wants of the need}'. And should an enemy invade our
country, I will then, but not until then, assume command and go
forth with my band of brave warriors and endeavor to chastise
them."

At the conclusion of this speech every voice cried out for Na-
na-ma-kee — all were satisfied when they found that the Great
Spirit had done what they suspected was the work of Na-na-ma-
kee, he being a very shrewd young man.

The next spring, according to promise, their French father re-
turned, with his na-pe-qua richly laden with goods, which were
distributed among them. He continued for a long time to keep
up a regular trade with them, they giving him in exchange for his
goods, furs and peltries. After a long time the British over-
powered the French, (the two nations being at war) drove them
away from Quebec, and took possession of it themselves. The
diflFerent tribes of Indians around our nation, envying our people,
united their forces against him, and succeeded, by their great
strength, in driving them to Montreal, and from thence to Mac-
kinac. Here our people first met our British father, who fur-
nished them with goods. Their enemies stiU pursued them, and
dro/e them to different places on the lake, until they made a
village near Green Bay, on what is now called Sac river, having
derived its name from this circumstance. Here they held a
council with the Foxes, and a national treaty of friendship and
alliance was concluded upon. The Foxes abandoned their village
and joined the Sacs. This arrangement being mutually obligatory
upon both parties, as neither was suflficiently strong to meet their
enemies with any hope of success, they soon became as one
band or nation of people. They were driven, however, by
the combined forces of their enemies, to Wisconsin. They re-
mained here for some time, until a party of their young men,
(who had descended Rock river to its mouth) returned and made
a favorable report of the country. They all descended to Rock
river, drove the Kas-kas-kias from the country, and commenct'd
the erection of their village, determined never to leave it. At
this village I was born, being a regular descendant of the first
chief, Na-na-ma-kee, or Thunder. Few, if any," events of note
transpired within my recollection, until alsout my fifteenth year, I
was not allowed to paint, or we^^r feathers ; but distinguisned
myself at that early age, by woUnding an enemy ; consequently I
was placed in the ranks of the braves.

Soon after this, a trading chief of the Muscow nation, came to
our village for recruits to go to war against the Osages, our com-

462 riONEEU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

men enemy. I volunteered my services to go, as my father had
joined him ; and was proud to have an opportunity to prove to
him that I was not an unworthy son, and that I had courage and
bravery. It was not long before we met the enemy, when a battle
immediately ensued. Standing by my father's aide I saw him kill
his antagonist, and tear the scalp from his head. Fired with valor
and ambition, I rushed furiously upon another, smote him to the
earth with my tomahawk, ran my lance through his body, took oft
his scalp, and returned in triumph to my father, He said noth-
ing, but looked pleased. This was the first man I killed. The
enemy's loss in this engagement having been great, they immedi-
ately retreated, which put an end to the war for the present. Our
party then returned to our village and danced over the scalps
we had taken. This was the first time I was permitted to join in
a scalp dance.

After a few moons had passed, I led a party of seven, and
attacked one hundred Osages. I killed one man, and left him for
my comrades to scalp, whilst I was taking an observation of the
strength and preparations of the enemy ; and finding they were
all equally well armed with ourselves, I ordered a retreat, and
came off' without losing a man. This excursion gained for me
great applause, and enabled me, before a great while, to raise a
party of one hundred and eighty, to go against the Osages. We
left our village in high spirits, and marched over a rugged coun-
try, until we reached that of the Osages on the Missouri. We
followed their 1rail until we arrived at. their village, which we
approached with great caution, expecting that they were all there,
but found to our sorrow that they had deserted it. The part}'
became dissatisfied, in consequence of this disappointment, and
and all with the exception of five dispersed and returned home.
I then placed myself at the head of this brave little band, and
thanked the Great Spirit that so many remained, and took up the
trail of our enemies, with a full determination never to return
without some trophy of victory. We followed on for several
days, killed one man and a boy, and then returned with their
scalps. In consequence pf this munity in my camp I was not
again enabled to raise a sufficient party to go against the Osages,
until about my nineteenth year. During this interim, they com-
mitted many outrages on our nation and people. I succeeded at
length, in recruiting two hundred efficient warriors, and took up
the line of march early in the morning. In a few days we were
in the enemy s country, and had not traveled far before we met an
equal force to contend with. A general battle, immediately com-
menced, although my braves were considerably fatigued by forced
marches. Each partj'' fought desperately. The enemy seemed
unwilling to yield ihe ground, and we were determined to conquer
or die. A large number of the Osages were killed, and many

I.IFK OK BLACK HAWK 403

wounded, before they commenced retreating. A band of warriors
more brave, skillful, and efficient than mine, could not be found.
In this engagement I killed five men and one squaw, and had the
good fortune to take the scalps of all I struck, except one. The
enemy's loss in this engagement was about one hundred men,
ours nineteen. We now returned to our village, well ple,ased
with our success, and danced over the scalps we had taken. The
Osages in consequence of their great loss in this battle, became
satisfied to remain on their own lands, and ceased, for awhile,
their depredations on our nation. Our attention, therefore, was
directed towards an ancient enemy, who had decoyed and murder-
ed some of our helpless women and children. I started with my
father, who took command of a small party, and proceeded against
the enemy. We met near Meramec, and an action ensued ; the
Cherokees having greatly the advantage in numbers. Early in
this engagement m}'^ father was wounded in the thigh, but had
the pleasure of killing his antagonist before he fell. Seeing that
he had fallen, I assumed command, and fought desperately until
the enemy commenced retreating before us. I returned to my
father to administer to his necessities, but nothing could be done
for him. The medicine man said the wound was mortal, and from
which he soon after died.

In this battle I killed three men, and wounded several, the
enemy's loss being twenty-eight and ours seven. I now fell
heir to the great medicine bag of my forefathers which had be-
longed to my father. I took it, buried our dead, and returned
with my party, all sad and sorrowful, to our village in consequence
of the loss of my fatlier. Owing to this misfortune, I blacked my
lace, fasted, and prayed to the Great Spirit for five years, during
which time I remained in a civil caipacity, hunting and fishing.

The Osages having commenced aggressions on our people, and
the Great Spirit having taken pity on me, I took a small party
and went against the enemy, but could only find six men. Their
forces being so weak, I thought it cowardly to kill them, but took
tbem prisoners, and carried them to our Spanish father at St.
Louis, and gave them up to him ; and then returned to our vil-
lage. Determined on the final extermination of the Osages, for
the injuries our nation and people had received from them, I com-
menced recruiting a strong force, imrnediately on my return, and
started in the third moon with five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and
one hundred loways, and marched against the enemy. We con-
tinued our. march several days before we came upon their trail,
which was discovered late in the day. We encamped for the
night, made an early start next morning, and before sundown fell
upon forty lodges, and killed all their inhabitants, except two
squaws, whom I captured and made prisoners. During the attack
I killed seven men and two boys, with my own hand.

464 IMONEEK KAJIILIES OF MISSOURI

In the engagement many of the bravest warriors among the
Osages were killed, which caused the balance of their nation to
remain on their own lands, and cease their aggressions upon our
hunting grounds. The loss of my father by the Cherokees made
me anxious to avenge his death, by the annihilation, if possible,
of all their race. I accordingly commenced recruiting another
party .to go against them.

Having succeeded in this, I started with my party, and went
into their country, but only found five of their people, whom I
took prisoners. I afterward released four men, the other, a
young squaw, we brought home. Great as was my hatred for
this people, I could not kill so small a party. During the close
of the ninth moon, I led a large party against the Chippewas,
Kaskaskias and Osages. This was the commencement of a long
and arduous campaign, which terminated in my thirty-fifth year,
having had seven regular engagements, and a number of small
skirmishes. During this campain several hundred of the enemy
were slain. I killed thirteen of their bravest warriors with my
own hand.

Our enemies having now been driven from our hunting grounds,
with so great a loss as they sustained, we returned in peace to
our villages ; and after the season of mourning and burying our
dead relatives, and of feast dancing had passed, we commenced
preparations for our winter's hunt, in which we were very suc-
cessful. We generally paid a visit to St. Louis every summer ;
but in consequence of the protracted war in which we had been
engaged, I had not been there for some years. Our difficulties
having all been settled, I concluded to take a small party that
summer, and go down to sec our Spanish father. We went, and
on our arrival put up our lodges where the Market House now
stands. After painting and dressing, we called to see our Span-
ish father, and were well received. He gave us a variety of pres-
ents and plenty of provisions. We danced through the town as
usual, and the inhabitants all seemed to be well pleased. They
appeared to us like brothers, and always gave us good advice.
On my next and last visit to my Spanish father, I discovered, on
landing, that all was not right ; every countenance seemed sad
and gloomy ; I imagined the cause, and was informed the Ameri-
cans were coming to take possession of the town and country, and
then we should lose our Spanish father. This news made
myself and band sad, because we had always heard bad accounts
of the Americans from Indians who had lived near them, and we
were sorry to lose our Spanish father, who had always treated
us with great friendship.

A few days afterwards the Americans arrived. I took my band,
and went to take leave for the last time, of our father. The Ameri-
cans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out at

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 465

one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our
canoes for our village on Rock river, not liking the change any
more than our friends at St. Louis appeared to.

On arriving at our village we gave the news that strange people
had taken St. Louis, and that we should never see our Spanish
father again. This information made all our people sorry.

Some time afterwards a boat came up the river with a young
American chief [Lieutenant (afterwards General) Pike] and a
small party of soldiers. We heard of him some time after he had
passed Salt river. Some of our young braves watched him every
day, to see what sort of people he had on board.

The boat at length arrived at Rock river, and the young chief
came on shore with his interpreter, made a speech, and gave us
some presents. We, in return, presented him with some meat
and such provisions as we could spare. We were all well pleased
with the speech of the young chief. He gave us good advice ;
said our American father would treat us well. He presented
us an American flag, which was hoisted. He then requested
us to pull down our British flags and give him our British medals,
promising to send us others on his return to St. Louis. This we
declined, as we wished to have two fathers. When the young
dhief- started, we sent runners to the Fox village, some miles
distant, to direct them to treat him well as he passed, which they
did. He went to the head of the Mississippi and then returned
to St. Louis. We did not see any Americans again for sometime,
being supplied with goods by British traders.

We were fortunate in not giving up our medals, for we learned
afterwards from our traders, that the chiefs high up on the Missis-
sippi who gave theirs, never received any in exchange for them.
But the fault was not with the young American chief. He was a
good man, and a great brave, and died in his country's service.

Some moons after this young chief descended the Mississippi
one of our people killed an American, and was confined in the
prison at St. Louis for the offence. We held a council at our
village to see what could be done for him, which determined that
Quash-qua-me, Pa-she-pa-ho, Ou-che-qua-ka and Ha-she-quar-hi-
qua should go down to St. Louis, see our American father, and
do all they could to have our friend released, by paying for the
person killed, thus covering the blood, and satisfying the rela-
tives of the man murdered. This being the only means with us
for saving a person who had killed another, and we then though it
was the same way with the whites.

The party started with the good wishes of the whole nation,
hoping they would accomplish the object of their mission. The
relatives of the prisoner blacked their faces and fasted, hoping
the Great Spirit would take pity on them, and return the husband
and father to his wife and children. Quash-qua-me and party
30

466 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

remained a long time absent. They at length returned and en-
camped a short distance below the village, but did not come up
that day, nor did any person approach their camp. They
appeared to be dressed in^ne coats and had medals.

From these circumstances, we were in hopes that they had
brought good news. Early the next morning the Council Lodge
was crowded. Quash-que-me and party came up and gave us the
following account of their mission :

On their arrival at St. Louis, they met their American father,
and explained to him their business, and urged the release of
their friend. The American chief told them he wanted land, and
they agreed to give him some on the west side of the Mississippi,
and some on the Illinois side, opposite the Jeffreon. When the
business was all arranged, they expected to have their friend re-
leased to come home with them. But about the time they were
ready to start, their friend was let out of prison, who ran a short
distance and was shot dead. This was all they could recollect of
what was said and done. They had been drunk the greater paH
of the time they were in St. Louis.

This is all myself and nation knew of the treat}^ of 1804. It
has been explained to me since. I find by that treaty all our
country east of the Mississippi, and south of the Jeffreon, was
ceded to the United States for ove thousand dollars a year. I will
leave it to the people of the United States to say whether our nation
was properly represented in this treaty, or whether we received a
fair compensation for the extent of country ceded by those four
individuals. I could say much about this treaty, but I will not at
this time. It has been the origin of all our difficulties.

Some time after this treaty was made, a war chief with a party
of soldiers came up in keel boats and encamped a short distance
above the head of the Des Moines rapids, and commenced cutting
timber and building houses. The news of their arrival was soon
carried to all the villages, where council after council was held.

We could not understand the intention, or reason, why the
Americans wanted to build houses at that place, but were told
that they were a party of soldiers, who had brought great guns with
them, and looked like a war party of whites. A number of our
people immediately went down to see what was doing, myself
among them. On our arrival we found thej' were building a fort.
The. soldiers were busily engaged in cutting timber, and I observ-
ed that they took their arms with them when they went to the
woods, and the whole party acted as they would do in an enemy's
county. The chiefs held a council with the officers, or head men,
of the party, which I did not attend, but understood from them
liiat the war chief had said that they were building houses for a
trader who was coming there to live, and would sell us goods
very cheap, and that these soldiers were to remain to keep him

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 467

company ! We were pleased at this information, and hoped it
was all true, but we could not believe that all these buildings were
intended merely for the accommodation of a trader. Being dis-
trustful of their intention, we were anxious for them to leave off
building, and go down the river again. By this time a consider-
able number of Indians had arrived to see what was doing. 1
discovered that the whites were alarmed.

Some of our men watched a party of soldiers, who went out to
work, carrying their arms, which were laid aside before tliey com-
menced. Having stolen up quietly to the spot, they seized the
guns and gave a yell !

The party threw down their axes and ran for their arras, but
found them gone, and themselves surrounded. Our young men
laughed at them, and returned them their guns. When tliis party
came to the fort they reported what had been done, and the war
chief made a serious affair of it. He called our chiefs to council
inside of ' his fort. This created considerable excitement
in our camp; every one wanted to know what was go-
ing to be done, and the picketing which had been put up, being
low, every Indian crowded around the fort, and got upon blocks
of wood and old barrels, that they might see what was going on
inside. Some were armed with guns, and others with bows and
arrows. We used this precaution, seeing that the soldiers h?.d
their guns loaded, and having seen them load iheir big gun that
morning.

A party of our braves commenced dancing and proceeded up
to the gate, with an intention of going in, but were stopped.

The council immediately broke up ; the soldiers with their arms
in their hands, rushed out of their rooms where they had been
concealed, the cannon was hauled in front of the gateway, and a
soldier came running with fire in his hand, ready to apply the
match. Our braves gave way, and all retired to the camp.

There was no preconcerted plan to attack the whites at that
time, but I am of the opinion now, had our party got into the
fort, all the whiles would have been killed, as the British soldiers
had been at Mackinaw many j'ears before.

We broke up our camp and returned to Rock river. A short
time afterwards, the first parly received a reinforcement, among
whom we observed some of our old friends fi'om St. Louis.

Soon after our return from Fort Madison, runners came to our
village from the Shawnee Prophet* with invitations for us to meet
him on the Wabash. Accordingly a party went from each village.
All of our party returned, among wlioin came a Prophet, who
explained to us the bad treatment the different nations of Indians
had received from the Americans, by giving them a few presents,
and taking their land from them. I remember w;ell his saying. If

* Tecumseh's brother.

468 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

you do not join your friends on the Wabash, the Americans will
take this very village from you, I little thought then that his
words would come true, supposing that he used these arguments
merely to encourage us to join him ; we agreed that we would not.
He then returned to the Wabash, where a party 'Sf Winnebagoes
had arrived, and preparations were making for war. A battle
soon ensued, in which several Winnebagoes were killed. As soon
as their nation heard of this battle, and that some of their people
had been killed, they started war parties in different directions.
One to the mining country, one to Prairie du Chein, and another
to Fort Madison. This last returned by our village, and exhibited
several scalps which they had taken. Their success induced sev-
eral other parties to go against the fort. Myself and several of
my baud joined the last party, and were determined to take the
fort. We arrived in the vicinity during the night.

The spies that we had sent out several days before, to watch
the movements of those at the garrison, and ascertain their num-
bers, came to us and gave the following information: That a
keelboat had arrived from below that evening with seventeen men ;
that there were about fifty men in the fort, and that they marched
out every morning at sun-rise to exercise. It was immediately
determined that we should take a position as near as we could (to
conceal ourselves) to the place where the boldiers would come ;
-and when the signal was given each man to fire and then rush into
the fort.

I dug a hole witTi my knife deep enough (by placing a few
weeds around it) to conceal myself. I was so near the fort that
I could hear the sentinel walking. By daybreak I had finished
my work, and was anxiously awaiting the rising of the sun. The
drum beat; I examined the priming of my gun, and eagerly
watched for the gate to open. It did open, but instead of the
troops marching out, a young man came alone. The gate closed
after him. He passed close by me, so near that I could have
killed him with my knife, but I let him pass. He kept the path
towards the river ; and had he had gone one step out of it, he
must have come upon us, and would have been killed. He
returned immediately and entered the gate. I would now have
rushed for the gate and entered it with him, but I feared our
party was not prepared to follow me.

The gate opened again ; four men came out, and went down to
the river after wood. Whilst they were gone another man came
out, walked towards the river, and was fired upon and killed by a
Winnebago. The others immediately ran for the fort, and two of
them were killed. We then took shelter under the bank, out of
reach of fire from the fort.

The firing now commenced from both parties, and continued all
day. I advised our party to set fire to the fort, and commenced

P BLACK HAWK

469

Education Centre Library
dore College & Nipjssing University

purpose. At night we made the
ring the buildings several times, but
J always extinguished. The next day
two the cord by which they hoisted
aa from raising it again. We contin-
munition was expended ; and finding
ort, returned home, having had one
wounded during the siege. I have
IT, who lived in the fort, wounded
scalping the first man that was killed.
3 now living, and is very friendly dis-
lieving him to be a great brave.
e, news reached us that war was going
ritish and the Americans. Runners
erent tribes, all confirming the report
British agent. Col. Dixon, was hold-
•esents to, the different tribes. I had
r to join the British or remain neutral.
d trait in the character of the Anier-
untry. They made fair promises but
;he British made but few, but we could
. One of our people having killed a
ien the British took him prisoner, and
e next day. His family were encamp-
the mouth of the Wisconsin, He
I see them that night, as he was to die
itted him to go, after promising to
sunrise. He visited his family, which
iiildren. I cannot describe their meet-
jrstood by the whites ; as it appears
Liiat luea leeungs &ic actc^ upon by certain rules laid down by
their preachers,, whilst ours are governed only by the monitor
within us. He parted from his wife and'children, hurried through
the prairie to the fort, and arrived in time. The soldiers were
ready, and immediately marched out and shot him down. I vis-
ited his f&mily, and by hunting and fishing, provided for them
until they reached their relatives. Why did the Great Spirit ever
send the whites to this island, to drive us from our homes, and
introduce among us poisonous liquors, disease, and death ? They
should have remained on the island where the Great Spirit first
placed them.

But I will proceed with my story ; my memory however is not
very good. Since my late visit to the white people, I have still a
buzzing in my ears, from the noise, and may give some parts of
my story out of place, but I will endeavor to be correct. Sev-
eral of our chiefs and head men were called upon to go to Wash-
ington, to see their Great P'ather. They started ; and during

10:0000580

t itleifxeniplar of liberty : nat
utlKji :Grinde, Donald A., 1946-
eni u]:0n4358654
due: 8/3 1/2005, 23: 59

title:Seven fiieb [videoiecordi
uthor:Gaikezheyongai, Sally.
em id:013410/594456
due :7/21/2005, 23:59

title;M(jre than bows and at rows
uthur:Hoiiiaday, N. Scott, 1934-
eni id: 01 34 106007203
due:7/21/?005,23:59

iiii.iiipissingu.ca/library
705-474-3450 #4222

470 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

their absence, I went to Peoria, on the Illinois river, to see an old
friend, a trader, to get his advice. He was a man that always
told, us the truth, and knew everything that was going on. When
I arrived at Peoria, he was not there, but had gone to Chicago.
I visited the Pottawatomie villages, and then returned to Rock
river. Soon aft t which, our friends returned from their visit to
our Great Father and related what had been said and done.
Their Great Father (they said) wished us, in the event of a war
taking place with England, not to interfere on either side, but to
remain neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to hunt
and support our families and live in peace. He said that British
traders Would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi, to fur-
nish us with goods, but we would be well supplied by an Ameri-
can trader. Our chiefs then told him that the British traders
always gave us credits in the fall, for guns, powder, and goods,
to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. He replied that the
trader at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods, that we should
go there in the fall, and he would supply us on credit, as the
British trader had do le. The party gave a good account of what
they had seen, and the kind treatment they received.

This information pleased us all very much. We all agreed to
follow our Great Father's advice, and not interfere with the war.
Our women were much pleased at this good news. Everything
went on cheerfully in our village. We resumed our pastimes of
playing ball, horse racing, and dancing, which had been laid aside
when this great war was first talked about. We had fine crops of
corn, which was now ripe, and our women were engaged in gath-
ering it, and making caches to contain it. In a short time we
were ready to start to Fort Madison to get our supply of goods,
that we might proceed to our hunting grounds. We passed mer-
rily down the river, all in high spirits. I had determined to
spend the winter at my old favorite hunting grounds, on Skunk
river, and left part of my corn and meal at its mouth, to take up
when I returned. Others did the same. Next morning we
arrived at the fort, and made our encampment. Myself and
principal men paid a visit to the war chief at the fort.

He received us kindly, and gave us some tobacco, pipes and
provisions. The trader came in, and we all arose and shook
hands with him, for on him all our dependence was placed, to
enable us to hunt, and thereby support our families. We waited
a long time, expecting the trader would tell us that he had orders
from our Great Father to supply us with goods, but he said noth-
ing on the subject. I got up and told him, in a short speech,
what we had come for, and hoped he had plenty of goods to sup-
ply us, and told him that he should be well paid in the spring,
and concluded by informing him that we had determined to
follow our Great Father's advice and not go to war.

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 471

He said that he was happy to hear that we intended to remain
at peace ; that he had a large quantity of goods, and that if we
made a good hunt we would be well supplied, but remarked that
he had received no instructions to furnish us anything on credit,
nor could he give us any without receiving the pay for them on
the spot. We informed him what our Great Father had told our
chiefs at Washington, and contended that he could supply us if
would, believing that our Great Father always spoke the truth.
But the war chief said that the trader could not furnish us on
credit, and that he had received no instructions from our Great
Father at Washington. We left the fort dissatisfied, and went to
our camp.

What was now to be done we knew not. We questioned the
party that brought us the news from our Great Father that we
could get credit for our winter's supplies at this place. They
still told the same story, and insisted upon its truth. Few of us
slept that night ; all was gloom and discontent. In the morDing
a canoe was seen descending the river ; it soon arrived, bearing
an express, who brought intelligence that La Gutrie, a British
trader, had landed at Rock Island, with two boats loaded with
goods, and requested us to come up immediately because he had
good news for us, and a variety of presents. The express pre-
sented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran
through our camp like fire in the prairie. Our lodges were soon
taken down, and all started for Rock Island. Here ended all
hopes of our remaining at peace, having been forced into war by
being deceived. Our party was not long in getting to Rock
Island. When we came in sight and saw tents pitched we yelled,
fired our guns, and commenced beating our drums. Guns were
immediately fired at the island, returning our salute, and a
British flag hoisted. We landed and were cordially received
by La Gutrie, and then smoked the pipe with him, after which he
made a speech to us, that had been sent by Col. Dixon, and
gave us a number of handsome presents, a large silk flag and a
keg of rum, and told us to retire, take some refreshments and
rest ourselves, as he would have more to say to us the next day.
We accordingly retired to our lodges and spent the night. The
next morning we called upon him and told him that we wanted his
two boat loads of goods to divide among our people, for which he
should be well paid in the spring with furs and peltries. He con-
sented, told us to take them and do as we pleased with them.

Whilst our people were dividing the goods, he took me aside,
and informed me that Col. Dixon was at Green Bay with twelve
boats loaded with goods, guns and ammunition, and wished me
to raise a party immediately and go to him. He said that our
friend, the trader at Peoria, was collecting the Pottowatomies,
^nd would be there before us. I communicated this information

472 PIONEER FAMIUES OF MISSOURI

to my braves, and a party of two hundred warriors was soon col-
lected and ready to depart.

I paid a visit to the lodge of an old friend, who had been the
comrade of my youth, and had been on many war paths with me,
but was HOW crippled and no longer able to travel. He had a son
that I had adopted as my own, who had hunted with me the two
preceding winters. I wished my old friend to let him go with me. He
objected, saying that he could not get his support if his son left him ;.
that I would be gone, and he had no other dependence than his son.
I offered to leave my son in his place, but he still refused. He
said he did not like the war ; he had been down the river and had
been well treated by the Americans, and could not fight against
them. He had promised to winter near a white settler, above Salt
River, and must take his son with him. We parted. I soon con-
cluded my arrangements, and started with my party to Green
Bay. On our arrival there we found a large encampment and
were well received by Dixon and the war chiefs that were with
him. He gave us plenty of provisons, tobacco and pipes, and
said he would hold a council with us the next day.

In the encampment I found a large number of Pottowatomies,
Kickapoos, Ottawas, and Winnebagoes. I visited all their camps
and found them all in high spirits. They had all received new
guns, ammunition, and a variety of clothing. In the evening a
messenger came to me to visit Col. Dixon. I went to his tent, in
which were two other war chiefs and an interpreter. He received
me with a hearty shake of the hand and presented me to the other
chiefs, who shook my hand cordially and seemed much pleased to
see me. After I was seated. Col. Dixon said: "Gen. Black
Hawk, I sent for you to explain to you what we are going to do^
and the reasons that have brought us here. Our friend. La Gutrie,
informs us, in the letter you brought from him, what has lately
taken place. You will now have to hold us fast by the hand»
Your English father has found out that the Americans want to
take your country from you, and has sent me and his braves to
drive them back to their own country. He has likewise sent a
large quantity of arms and ammunition, and we want all your
warriors to join us." He then placed a medal around my neck,
and gave me a paper and a silk flag, saying: " You are to com-
mand all the braves that leave here day after to-morrow, to join
our braves near Detroit." I told him that I was very much dis-
appointed, as I wanted to descend the Mississippi and make war
upon the settlements. He said he had been ordered to lay the
country waste around St. Louis ; that he had been a trader on the
Mississippi many years and had always been kindly treated, and
could not consent to send brave men to murder women and chil-
dren. That there were no soldiers there to fight ; but where he
was going to send us there were a number of soldiers ; and, if we

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 473

defeated them, the Mississippi country should be ours. I was
pleased with this speech; it was spoken by a brave. I inquired
about my old friend, the trader at Peoria, and observed that I ex-
pected he would have been here before me. He shook his head,
and said he had sent express after express to him, and had offered
him large sums of money to come and bring all the Pottowotamies
and Kickapoos with him ; but he refused, saying your British
father had not money enough to induce him to join us. I have
now laid a trap for him. I have sent Gomo and a party of Indians
to take him prisoner and bring him here alive, I expect him in a
few days. The next day, arms, ammunition, tomahawks, knives
and clothing were given to my band. We had a great feast in
the evening, and in the morning following I started with about
five hundred braves to join the British army. The British war
chief accompanied us. We passed Chicago. The fort had been
evacuated by the American soldiers, who had marched for Fort
Wayne. They were attacked a short distance from that fort and
defeated. They had a considerable quantity of powder in the
fort at Chicago, which they had promised to the Indians ; but the
night before they marched they destroyed it. I think it Avas
thrown into the well. If they had fulfilled their word to the In-
dians I think they would have gone safe. On our arrival, I found
that the Indians had several prisoners. I advised them to treat
them well. We continued our march and joined the British army
below Detroit ; and soon after had a fight. The Americans fought
well, and drove us back with considerable loss. I was surprised
at this, as I had been told that the Americans could not fight.

Our next movement was against a fortified place. I was sta-
tioned with my braves, to prevent any person going to, or com-
ing from the fort. I found two men taking care of cattle, and
took them prisoners. I would not kill them, but delivered them
to the British war chief. Soon after several boats came down
the river full of American soldiers. They landed on the opposite
side, took the British batteries, and pursued the soldiers that had
left them. They went too far without knowing the forces of the
British, and were defeated. I hurried across the river, anxious
for an opportunity to show the courage of my braves ; but before
we reached the ground all was over. The British had taken many
prisioners, and the Indians were killing them. I immediately put
a stop to it, as I never thought it brave, but cowardly, to kill an
unarmed and helpless enemy. We remained here some time. I
cannot detail what took place, as I was stationed with my braves
in the woods. It appeared, however, that the British could not
take this fort, for we were marched to another some distance off.
When we approached it, I found it a small stockade, and con-
cluded that there were not many men in it. The British war
chief sent a flag ; Col. Dixon carried it, and returned. He said

474 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

«, young war chtBf commanded, and would not give up mthout
fighting. Dixon came to me and said, "You will see to-morrow
how easily we will take that fort." I was of opinion that they
would take it ; but when the morning came I was disappointed.
The British advanced, commenced an attack, and fought like
braves, but by braves in the fort were defeated, and a great num-
ber killed. The British army were making preparations to retreat.
I was now tired of being with them,; our success being bad, and
having got no plunder, I determined on leaving them and return-
ing to Rock river, to see what had become of my wife and chil-
dren, as I had not heard from them* since I started. That night
I took about twenty of my braves and left the British camp for
home. We met no person on our journey until we reached the
Illinois river. Here we found two lodges of Pottowotamies.
They received us very friendly, and gave us something to eat ;
and inquired about their friends that were with the British. They
said that there had been some fighting on the Illinois, and that my
old friend, the trader at Peoria, had been taken prisoner. "By
Gomo and his party?" I immediately inquired. They said no^ but
by the Americans, who came up with two boats. They took him
and the French settlers, and then burnt the village of Peoria.
They could give us no news respecting our people on Rock river.
In three days more we were in the vicinity of our village, where
I discovered a smoke ascending from a hollow in the bluffs. I
directed my party to proceed to the village, as I wished to go
alone to the place from whence the smoke proceeded, to see who
was there. I approached the spot, and when I came in view of
the fire, saw a mat stretched and an old man sitting upon it in
sorrow. At any other time I would have turned away without
disturbing him, knowing that he had come there to be alone to
humble himself before the Great Spirit that he might take pity on
him. I approached and seated myself beside him. He gave one
look at me, and then fixed his eyes on the ground. It was my old
friend. I anxiously inquired for his son, and what had befallen
our people. My old comrade seemed scarcely alive ; he must
have fasted a long time. I lighted my pipe and put it in his
mouth. He eagerly drew a few puffs, east up his eyes which met
mine, and recognized me. His eyes were glassy! He would
again have fallen off into forgetfulness, had I not given him some
water, which revived him. I again inquired what had befallen
our people, and what had become of our son? In a feeble voice
he said: "Soon after your departure to join the British, I de-
scended the river with a small party, to winter at the place I told
you the white man had requested me to come to. When we
arrived I found a fort built, and the white family that had invited
me to come and hunt near them had removed to it. I then paid
a visit to the fort, to tell the white people that myself and Uttle

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 475

band were friendly, and that we wished to hunt in the vicinity of
their fort. The war chief who commanded it told me that we
might hunt on the Illinois side of the Mississippi, and no person
would trouble us; that the horsemen only ranged on the Missouri
side, and he had directed them not to cross the river. I was
pleased with this assurance of safety, and immediately crossed
over and made my winter's camp.

"Game was plenty; we lived happy, and often talked of you.
My boy regretted your absence, and the hardships you would
have to undergo.

"We had been here about two moons, when my boy went out as
usual, to hunt. Night came on and he did not return ; I was
alarmed for his safety, and passed a sleepless night. In the
morning ray old woman went to the other lodges and gave the
alarm, and all turned out in pursuit. There being snow on the
ground, they soon came upon the track, and after pursuing it
some distance, found he was on the trail of a deer, that led
towards the river. They soon came to the place where he had
stood and iired, and found a deer hanging upon the branch of a
tree, which had been skinned. But here were found the tracks
of white men. They had taken my bny prisoner. These tracks
led across the river and then down towards the fort. My friends
followed them and soon found my boy lying dead. He had been
most cruelly murdered ! His face was shot to pieces, his body
stabbed in several places, and his head scalped. His arms were
tied behind him."

The old man paused for soma time, and then told me that his
wife had died on her way up the Mississippi. I took the hand of
my old friend in mine, and pledged myself to avenge the death
of his son. It was now dark, a terrible storm commenced raging,
with heavy torrents of rain, thunder, and lightning. I had taken
my blanket off and wrapped around the old man. When the
storm abated, I kindled a fire, and took hold of my old friend to
remove him near it, but he was dead.

I remained with him the balance of the night. Some of my
party came early in the morning to look for me, and assisted me
in burying him on the peak of the bluff. I then returned to the
village with my friends. I visited the grave of my old friend for
the last time, as I ascended- Rock river. Oa my arrival at the
village, I was met by the chiefs and braves, and conducted to a
lodge that had been prepared to receive me. After eating, I gave
an account of what I had seen and done. I explained to them
the manner the British and Americans fought. Instead of steal-
ing upon each other, and taking every advantage to kill the
enemy and save their own people, as we do, they march out in
open day light, and fight, regardless of the number of warriors
they may lose. After the battle is over they retire to feast and

476 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

drink wine, as if nothing iiad liappend ; after wiiich, they malce a
statement in writing of what they have done, eacii party claim-
ing the victory and neither giving an account of half the number
that have been killed on their own side. They all fought like
braves, but would not do to lead a war party with us. Our maxim
is to kill the enemy and save our own men. Those chiefs would
do to paddle a canoe, but not to steer it. The Americans shoot
better than the British, but their soldiers are not so well clothed,
or provided for. The village chi^f informed me that after I started
with my braves, and the parties who followed, the nation was
reduced to so small a party of fighting men, that they would have
been unable to defend themselves, if the Americans had attacked
them ; that all the women and children, and old men, belonging
to the warriors who had joined the British, were left with them to
provide for ; and that a council was held, which agreed that
Quash-qua-me, the Lance, and other chiefs, with the old men,
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany
them, should descend the Mississippi and go to St. Louis, and
place themselves under the protection of the American chief sta-
tioned there. They accordingly went down to St. Louis, and
were received as the friendly band of our nation — sent up the
Missouri and provided for, whilst their friends were assisting
the British. Ke-o-Kuck was then introduced to me as the war chief
of the braves then in the village. I inquired how he had become
a chief. They said that a large armed force was seen by their
spies going towards Peoria; that fears were entertained that they
would come upon and attack our village, and that a council had
been convened to decide upon the best course to be adopted,
which concluded upon leaving the village and going on the west
side of the Mississippi, to get out of the way. Ke-o-Kuck during
the sitting of the coRncil had been sitting at the door of the
lodge, where he remained until old Wa-co-me came out. He
then told him that he had heard what they had decided upon,
and was anxious to go in and be permitted to speak before
the council adjourned. Wa-co-me returned and asked leave
for Ke-o-Kuck to come in and make a speech. His request
was granted, Ke-o-Kuck entered and addressed the chiefs. He
said: "I have heard with sorrow, that you have determined to
leave our vallage, and cross the Mis^ssippi, merely because you
have been told that the Americans were seen coming in this direc-
tion. Would you leave our village, desert our homes, and fly
before an enemy approaches? Would you leave aL — even the
graves of our fathers, to the mercy of our enemy, without trying
to defend them? Give me charge of your warriors; I'll defend
the village, and you may sleep in safet}'." The council consented
that Ke-o-Kuck should be a war chief. He marshalled his braves,
sent out spies, and advanced himself on the trail leading to Peo-

LIFK OK BLACK HAWK -177

ria. They returned without seeing an enemy. The Americans
did not come by our village. All were well satisfied with the
appointment of Ke-o-Kuck. He used every precaution that our
people should not be surprised. Tliisis the manner in which, and
the cause of receiving the appointment. I was satisfied, and
then started to visit my wife and children. I found them, and my
boys were growing finely. It is not customary for us to say much
about our women, as they generally perform their part cheerfully,
and never interfere with business belonging to the men. This is
the only wife I ever had, or ever will have. She is a good wom-
an, and teaches my bo^'s to be brave.

Here I would have rested myself., and enjoyed the comforts of

my lodge, but I could not ; I had promised to avenge the death

of my adopted son. I immediately collected a party of thirty

braves, and explained to them my object in making this war

part}' — it being tu avenge the death of my adopted son, who had

been cruelly and wantonly murdered by the whites. I had

explained to them the pledge I had made his father, and told them

that they wt re the last words he had heard spoken. All were

willing to go with me, to fulfill my word. We started in canoes

and descended the Mississippi until we arrived near the place

where Fort Madison had stood. It had been abandoned by the

whites and burnt, nothing remained but the chimneys. We were

pleased to see that the white people had retired from our country.

We proceeded down the river again. I landed with one brave,

near Cap au Gris ; the remainder of the party went to the mouth

of the Cuivre. I hurried across the trail that led to the mouth

of the Cuivre to a fort, and soon after heard firing at the mouth of

the creek. Myself and brave concealed ourselves on the side

of the road. We had not remained here long before two men

riding one horse came in full speed from the direction of the

firing. When they came sufficiently near we fired ; the horse

jumped and both men fell. We rushed towards them — one rose

and ran. I followed him, and was gaining on him, when he ran

over a pile of rails that had lately been made, seized a stick and

struck at me. I now had an opportunity to see his face — I knew

him ! He had been at Quash-qua-me's village, to learn his people

how to plow. We looked upon him as a good man. I did not

wish to kill him, and pursued him no further. I returned and

met my brave ; he said he had killed the other man and had his

scalp in his hand. We had not proceeded far before we met the

man, staggering like a drunken man, all covered with blood.

This was the most terrible sight that I had ever seen. I told

my comrade to kill him, to put him out of his misery; I could

not look at him. I passed on and heard a rustling in the bushes,

and distinctly saw two little boys concealing themselves. I

lihought of my own children, and passed on without noticing

478 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOUKF

them. My comrade here joined me, and in a little whilfe we m«\f
the balance of our party. I told them that we would be pur&ued,
and directed them to follow me. We crossed the creek and
formed ourselves in the timber. We had not been here long
before a party of mounted men rushed at full speed upon us.
I took deliberate aim and shot the man leading the party. He
fell from his horse lifeless. All my people fired, but without
effect. The enemy rushed upon us without giving us time to
reload. They surrounded us and forced us to run into- a deep
sink hole, at the bottom of which there were some bushes. We
loaded our guns, and awaited the appearance of the enemy. They
rushed to the edge of the hole and fired, killing one of our men.
We returned the fire instantly and killed one of their men. We
reloaded and commenced digging holes in the side of the bank
to protect ourselves, whilst a part}'' watched the movemen-ts of
the enemy, expecting that their whole force would be upon us
immediately. Some of my warriors commenced singing their
death songs. I heard the whites talking, and called to them to
come out and fight. I did not like my situation, and wished
the matter settled. I soon heard chopping and knocking ; I
could not imagine what they were doing. Soon after they ran up
wheels with a battery on it, and fired down without hurtiag any
of us. I called to them agam and told them if they were brave
men to come down and fight us. They gave up the serge and
returned to their fort about dusk. There were eighteen in this
trap with me. We all got out safe and found one white man
dead on the edge of the sink hole. TlieyXdid not remove him for
fear of our fire. We scalped him and placed our dead man upon
him. We could not have left him in a better situation than on
an enemy.

We had now effected our purpose, and started back by land,
thinking it unsafe to return in our canoes. I found p>y wife and
children and the greater part of our people at the mouth of
the Iowa river. I now determined to remain with my familv, and
hunt for them, and Jiumble myself before the Great Spirit and
return thanks to him for preserving me through the war. I made
my hunting camp on English river, (a branch of the Iowa). Dur-
ing the winter a party Pottowatomies came from the Illinois
to pay me a visit ; among them was Wash-e-own, an old man, that
had formally lived in our village. He informed us that in the
fall the Americans had built a fort at Peoria, and prevented them
from going down the Sangomon to hunt.

He said they were very much distressed, that Gbmo had re-
turned from the British army, and brought news of their defeat
near Maiden, and told us he went to the American chief with a
flag, gave up fighting, and told the chief that he wished to make
peace for his nation. The American chief gave him a paper for

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 479

the war chief at the fort at Peoria, and I visited that fort with
Gomo. It was then agreed that there should be no more fighting
between the Americans and Pottowatomies ; and that two of their
chiefs and eight braves, with five Americans, had gone down to
St. Louis to have the peace confirmed. "This." said Wash-e-
own, " is good news ; for we can now go to our hunting grounds,
and, fdr my part, I never had anything to do with this war. The
Americans never killed any of our people before the war, nor in-
terfered with our hunting grounds ; and I resolved to do nothing
against them." I made no reply to these remarks, as the speaker
was old, and talked like a, child. We gave the Pottowatomies a
feast. I presented Wash-e-own with a good horse, my braves
gave one to each of his party, and at parting they said thev wished
us to make peace ; which we did not promise, but told them that we
would not send out war parties against the settlements. A short
time after the Pottowatomies left, a party of thirty braves belong-
ing to our nation, from the peace camp on the Missouri, paid us a
visit. They exhibited five scalps which they had taken on the
Missouri, and wished us to dance over them, which we willingly
joined in. They related the maner in which they had taken these
scalps. Myself and braves then showed them the two we had
taken near the Cuivre, and told them the reason that induced that
war party to go out ; as well as the manner and difficulty we had
in obtaining these scalps. They recounted to us all that had taken
place ; the number that had been killed by the peace party as they
were called and recognized, which far surpassed what our own
warriors who had joined the British had done. This party came
for the purpose of joining the British. I advised them to return
to the peace party, and told them the news the Pottowatomies
had brought. They returned to Missouri, accompanied by some
of my braves, whose families were with the peace party.

After sugar-making was over, in the spring, I visited the Fox
village at the lead mines. They had nothing to do with the war
and were not in mourning. I remained there some days, and
spent my time pleasantly with them, in dancing and feasting. I
then paid a visit to the Pottowatomie village on the Illinois river,
and learned that Sa-na-tu-wa and Ta-ta-puc-key had been to St.
Louis. Gomo told me that peace had been made between his
people and the Americans, and that seven of his party remained
with the war chief to make the peace stronger. He then told me
that Wash-e-own was dead. That he had been to the fort to carry
some wild fowls to exchange for tobacco, pipes, etc. That he had
got some tobacco and a little flour, and left the fort before sun-
down, but had not proceeded far before he was .shot dead by a
war chief who had concealed himself near the path for that
purpose, and then dragged him to the lake and threw him in
where I afterwards found him. ' I have since given two horses and

480 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

my rifle to his relations, not to break peace ; which they had
agreed to. I remained some at the village with Gomo, and went
went with him to the fort to pay a visit to the war chief. I spoke
the Pottowatomie tongue well, and was taken for one of their
people by the chief. He treated us very friendly, and said he
was very much displeased about the murder of Wash-e-own, and
would find out and punish the person that killed him. He made
some inquiries about the Sacs, which I answered. On my return
to Rock river, I was informed that a party of soldiers had gone
up the Mississippi to build a fort at Prairie du Chein. They had
stopped near our village, and appeared to be friendly, and were
kindly treated by our people. We commenced repairing our
lodges, putting our village in order, and clearing our corn fields.
"We divided the fields of the party on the Missouri, among those
that wanted, on condition that they should be relinquished to the
owners when they returned from the peace establishment. We
were again happy in our village ; our women went cheerfully to
work, and all moved on harmoniously. Sometime afterwards five
or six boats arrived, loaded with soldiers going to Prairie du
Chein to reinforce the garrison. They appeared friendly, and
were well received. We held a council with the war chief. We
had no intention of hurting him, or any of his party, or we could
easily have defeated them. They remained with us all day, and
used, and gave us plenty of whiskey. During the night a party
arrived and brought us six kegs of powder. They told us that
the British had gone to Prairie du Chein and taken the fort, and
wished us to join them again in the war, which we agreed to. I
collected my warriors, and determined to pursue the boats,
which had sailed with a fair wind. If we had known the day
before, we could easily have taken them all, as the war chief
used no precautions to prevent it. I immediately started with
my party, by land, in pursuit, thinking that some of their boats
might get aground, or that the Great Spirit might put them in our
power if he wished them taken and their people killed.

About half-way up the rapids I had a full view of the boats, all
sailing with a strong wind. I soon discovered that one boat was
badly managed, and was suffered to be driven ashore by the wind.
They landed by running hard aground, and lowered their sail.
The others passed on. This boat the Great Spirit gave us. We
approached it cautiously, and fired upon the men on shore. All
that could, hurried aboard, but they were unable to push off, being
fast aground. We advanced to the river's bank, under cover,
and commenced firing at the boat. Our balls passed through the
plank and did execution, as I could hear them screaming in the
boat. I encouraged my braves to continue firing. Several guns
were fired from the boat without effect. I prepared my bow and
arrows to throw fire to the sail, which was lying on the boat, and

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 481

after two or three attempts, succeeded in setting the sail on fire.
The boat was soon in flames. About this time one of the boats
that had passed returned, dropped anchor and swung in close to
the boat on fire, and took off" all the people, except those killed
and badly wounded. We could distinctly see them passing from
one boat to the other, and fired on them with good aim. We
wounded the war chief in this way. Another boat now came
down, dropped her anchor, which did not take hold, and was
drifted ashore. The other boat cut her cable and drifted down
the river, leaving their comrades without attempting to assist
them. We then commenced an attack upon this boat, and fired
several rounds. They did not return the fire. We thought they
were afraid, or had but a small number on board. I therefore
ordered a rush to the boat. When we got near they fired and
killed two of our people, being all that we lost in the engage-
ment. Some of their men jumped out and pushed off the boat,
and thus got away without losing a man. I had a good opinion
of this war chief, he managed so much better than the others.
It would give me pleasure to shake him by the hand. We now
put out the fire on the captured boat, to save the cargo, when a
skiff' was discovered coming down the river. Some of our people
cried out, here comes an express from Prairie du Chien. We
hoisted the British flag, but they would not land. They turned
their little boat around and rowed up the river. We directed a
few shots at them, in order to bring them to, but they were so far
off that we could not hurt them. I found several barrels of
whisky on the captured boat, and knocked in their heads and
emptied out the bad medicine.

I next found a box full of small bottles and packages, which
appeared to be medicine also ; such as the medicine men kill the
white people with when they get sick. This I threw into the
river ; and, continuing my search for plunder, found several guns,
large barrels full of clothing, and some cloth lodges, all of which
I distributed among my warriors. We now disposed of the dead,
and returned to the Fox village, opposite the lower end of Rock.
Island, where we put iip our new lodges and hoisted the British
flag. A great many of our braves were dressed in the uniform
clothing which we had taken, which gave our encampment the
appearance of a regular camp of soldiers. We placed our sen-
tinels and commenced dancing over the scalps we had taken.
Soon after several boats passed down, among them a large boat
carrying big guns. Our young men followed them some distance,
firing at them, but could not do much damage, more than to
frighten them. We were now certain that the fort at Prairie du
Chien had been taken, as this large boat went up with the first
party who built the fort. In the course of the day some of the
Biitish came down in a small boat; they had followed the large
31

482 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

one, thinking she would get fast in the rapids, in which case they
were certain of taking her. They had summoned her on the way
down to surrender, but she refused, and now, that she had passed
over the rapids in safety, all hope of taking her had vanished.
The British landed a big gun and gave us three soldiers to man-
age it. They complimented us for our bravery in taking the'
boat, and told us what they had done at Prairie du Chien ; gave
us a keg of rum, and joined with us in our dancing and feasting.
We gave them some things which we had taken from the boat,
particularly books and papers. They started the next morning,
after promising to return in a few days with a large body of sol-
diers. We went to work under the direction of the men left with
us, and dug up the ground in two places, to put the big gun in,
that the men might remain in with it, and be safe. We then sent
spies down the river to reconnoitre, who sent word by a runner
that several boats were coming up filled with men. I marshalled
my forces, and was soon ready for their arrival, and resolved to
fight, as we had not yet had a fair fight with the Americans
during the war.

The boats arrived in the evening, and stopped at a small willow
island nearly opposite to us. During the night we removed our
big gun further down, and at day-light next morning commenced
firing. We were pleased to see that almost every fire took effect,
striking the boats nearly every shot. They pushed off as quickly
as possible, and I expected would land and give a fight. I was
prepared to meet them, but was soon sadly disappointed, the
boats having all started down the river. A party of braves fol-
lowed to watch where they landed ; but they did not stop until
they got below the Des Moines rapids, when they landed and com-
menced building a fort. I collected a few braves and started to
the place where it was reported they were building a fort. I did
not want a fort in our country, as we wished to go down in the
fall to the Two-river country, to hunt — it being our best hunting-
ground ; and we concluded that if the fort was established, we
should be prevented from going to bur hunting-ground. I arrived
in the vicinity of the fort in the evening, and stopped for the
night, on the peak of a high blufl". We made no fire for fear of be-
ing obsiBrved. Our young men kept watch by turns, whilst the
others slept. I was very tired and soon went to sleep. The
Great Spirit, during my slumber, told me to go down the bluff to
the creek, where I would find a hollow tree cut down ; to look into
the top of it and I would see a large snake, to observe the direc-
tion he was looking, and I would see the enetay close by and un-
armed. In the morning I communicated to my braves what the
Great Spirit had told me, and took one of them and went down
a hollow that led to the creek, and soon came in sight of the place
on an opposite hill, where they were building the fort. I saw a

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 483

great many men. We crawled cautiously on our hands and knees
until we got into the bottom, then through the grass and weeds,
until we reached the bank of the creek. Here I found a tree that
had been cut down. I looked in the top of it and saw a large
snake, with his head raised, looking across the creek. I raised
myself cautiously and discovered, nearly opposite to me, two war
chiefs, walking arm-in-arm, without guns. They turned and
walked back towards the place where the men were working at the
fort. In a little while they returned, walking immediately to-
wards the spot where we lay concealed, but did not come as near
as before. If they had, they would have been killed, for each of
us had a good rifle. We crossed the creek and crawled to a bunch
of bushes. I again raised myself a little, to see if they were
coming, but they went into the fort. By this they saved their
lives. We recrossed the creek, and I returned alone, going up
the hollow we came down. My brave went down the creek, and,
on rising the hill to the left of the one we came down, I could
plainly see the men at work, and discovered, in the bottom near
the mouth of the creek, a sentinel walking. I watched him at-
tentively, to see if he preceived my companion, who had gone to-
wards him. The sentinel first walked one way and then back
again. I observed my brave creeping towards him. The sentinel
stopped for some time, and looked in the direction where my
brave was concealed. He lay still and did not move the grass,
and as the sentinel turned to walk, my brave fired and he fell. I
looked towards the fort and saw they were all in confusion, run-
ning in every direction, some down a steep bank to the boat. My
comrade joined me and we returned to the rest of our party, and
all hurried back to Rock river, where we arrived in safety at our
village.

I hung up my medicine bag, put away my rifle and spear, and
felt as if I should not want them again, as I had no wish to raise
any more war parties against the whites without new provocation.
Nothing particular happened J"rom this time until spring, except
news that the fort below the rapids had been abandoned and
burnt. Soon after I returned from my wintering ground we
received the information that peace had been made between the
British and Americans, and that we were required to make peace
also, and were invited to go down to Portage des Sioux for that
purpose. Some advised that we should go down, others that we
should not. No mite, our principal civil chief, said he would go
as soon as the Foxes came down from the mines. The}"^ came,
and we all started from Rock river. We had not gone far before
our chief was taken sick. We stopped with him at the village on
Henderson river. The Foxes went on, and we were to follow
as soon as our chief got better ; but he continued to get worse,
And died. His brother now became the principal chief. He re-

484 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

fused to go down, saying that if he started he would be taken
sick and die, as his brother had done, which was reasonable. We
all concluded that none of us would go at this time. The Foxes
returned. They said they had smoked the pipe of peace with
the Americans, and' expected a war party would be sent against
us because we did not go down. This I did not believe, as the
Americans had always lost by their war parties that came
against us.

La Gutrie and other British traders arrived at our village in
the fall. La Gutrie told us that we must go down and make
peace, that it was the wish of our English father. He said he
wished us to go down to the Two-river country to winter, where
game was plenty, as there had been no hunting there for several
years. Having heard that a principal war chief, with troops, had
come up, and had commenced to build a fort near Rapids des
Moines, we consented to go down with the traders to see the
American chief, and tell him the reason why we had not been
down sooner. We arrived at the head of the rapids. Here the
traders left their boats except one, in which they accompanied us
to the Americans. We visited the war chief and told him what
we had to say, explaining the reason we had not been down
sooner. He appeared angry, and talked to La Gutrie for some
time. I inquired of him what the war chief said. He told me
that he was threatening to hang him up on the yard-arm of his
boat. But said he : " I am not afraid of what he says. He dare
not put his threats into execution. I have done no more than I had
a right to do, as a British subject." I then addressed the chief,
asking permission for ourselves and some Menomonees to go down
to the Two-river country to hunt. He said we might go down,
but must return before the ice made, as he did not intend we
should winter below the fort. " But," said he, "what do you want
the Menomonees to go with you for?" I did not know at first
what reply to make, but told him that they had a great
many pretty squaws with them, and we wished them to go with
us on that account. He consented. We all started down the
river, and remained all winter, as we had no intention of return-
ing before spring when we asked leave to go.

We made a good hunt. Having loaded our traders' boats with
furs and peltries, they started to Mackinaw, and we returned to
our village..

There is one circumstance which I forgot to mention in its
proper place. It does not relate to myself or people, but to my
friend Gomo, the Pottowatomie chief. He came to Bock river
to pay me a visit. During his stay, he related to me the follow-
ing story: "The war chief at Peoria is a very good man; he
always speaks the truth and treats our people well. He sent for
ine (Hie day and told me that he was nearly out of provisions, and

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 485

wished me to send my young men out to hunt, to supply his fort.
I promised to do so ; and immediately returned to my camp and
told the young men the wishes and wants of the war chief. They
readily agreed to go and hunt for our friend ; and soon returned
with about twenty deer. They carried them to the fort, laid them
down at the gate, and returned to our camp. A few days after-
wards I went again to the fort to see if they wanted more meat.
The chief gave me some powder and lead and said he wished me
to send my hunters out again. When I returned to my camp I
told my young men the chief wanted more meat. Ma-ta-tah, one
of my principal braves, said he would take a party and go across
the Illinois, about one day's travel, where game was plenty, and
make a good hunt for our friend the war chief. He took eight
hunters with him ; his wife and several other squaws accompanied
them. They had traveled about a day in the prairie when they
discovered a party of white men coming towards them with a
drove of cattle. Our hunters apprehended no danger, or they
would have kept out of the way of the whites (who had not yet
perceived them). Ma-ta-tah changed his course, as he wished
to meet and speak to the whites. As soon as the whites saw our
party some of them put off at full speed and came up to our hun-
ters. Ma-ta-tah gave up his gun to them and endeavored to ex-
plain to them that he was friendly, and was hunting for the war
chief. They were not satisfied with this, but fired at and wound-
ed him. He got into the branch of a tree that had been blown
^own, to keep the horses from running over him. He was again
fired on by several guns and badly wounded. He found he would
be murdered, and sprang at the nearest man to him, seized his
gun, and shot him from his horse. He then fell, covered with
blood from his wounds, and almost instantly expired. The other
hunters, being in the rear of Ma-ta-tah, seeing that the whites had
killed him, endeavored to make their escape. Thej' were pursued
and nearly all the party murdered. My youngest brother brought
me the news in the night, he having been with the hunters and but
slightly wounded. He said the whites had abandoned their cattle
and gone back towards the settlement. The remainder of the
night was spent in lamenting for the death of our friends. At
day-light I blacked my face and started to the fort to see the war
chief. I met him at the gate and told him what had happened.
His countenance changed ; I could see sorrow depicted in it for
the death of my people. He tried to persuade me that I was
mistaken, as he could not believe that the whites would act so
cruelly. But when I convinced him, he told me that those cowards
who had murdered my people should be punished. I told him
that my people would have revenge ; that they would not trouble
any of his people of the fort, as we did not blame him or any of
his soldiers, but that a party of my braves would go towards the

486 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Wabash to avenge tke death of their friends and relatives. The
next day I took a party of hunters and killed several deer, and
left them at the fort gate as I passed." Here Gomo ended his
story. I could relate many similar ones that have come within
my own knowledge and observation ; but I dislike to look back
and bring on sorrow afresh.

I will resume my narrative. The great chief at St. Louis hav-
ing sent word for us to go down and confirm the treaty of peace,
we did not hesitate, but started immediately, that we might smoke
the peace pipe with him. On our arrival we met the great
chiefs in council. They explained to us the words of our Great
Father at Washington, accusing us of heinous crimes, and divers
misdemeanors, particularly in not coming down when first invited.
We knew very well that our Great Father had deceived us and
thereby forced us to join the British, and could not believe that
he had put this speech into the mouths of these chiefs to deliver
to us. I was not a civil chief, and consequently made no reply ;
but our chiefs told the commissioners that what they had said was
a lie. That our Great Father had sent no such speech ; he know-
ing the situation in which we had been placed had been caused
by him. The white chiefs appeared very angry at this reply, and
said they would break off the treaty with us, and go to war, as
they 'would not be insulted. Our chiefs had no intention
of insulting them, and told them so ; that they merely
wished to explain to them that they had told a lie without making
them angiy, in the same manner that the whites do when they do
not believe what is told them.* The council then proceeded, and

*An account of this council was given by Rev. Timothy Flint, who witnessed it, in
the following language: At the grand council at St. Louis, wliere all the America»
commissioners were present, and a vast concourse of Indians and Americans, — that
portion of the Sacs that had been hostile to us during, the war, was engaged in the
debates of the council. Some noble-looking chiefs spoke on the occasion. They
fully exempliHed all that I had ever heard of energy, gracefulness, and dignity of
action and manner. The blanket was thrown round the body in graceful folds. The
right arm, muscular and brawny, was bare quite to the shoulder. And the movement of
the arm, and the inclinations of the body, might have afforded a study to a youthful
orator. I observed a peculiarity of their posture, which I have not seen elsewhere
noticed. When they closed an earnest and emphatic sentence, they regularly raised
the weight of the body from the heel, to poise it on the toes and the fore part of the
foot. The rest looked on the speaker eagerly, and with intense interest. When he
uttered a sentence of strong meaning, or involving some interesting point to be
gained, they cheered him with a deep grunt of acquiescence. A favorite chief, of
singular mildness of contenance and manner, had spoken two or three times, in .a
very insinuating style. He was, in fact, the "Master Plausible" of his tribe. I re-
marked to the govenor, that he was the only Indian I had ever seen, who appeared
to have mildness and mercy in his .countenance. He replied, that under this mild
and insinuating exterior, were concealed uncommon degrees of cunning, courage,
revenge, and cruelty; that in fact he had been the most bloody and troublesome par-
tisan against us, during the war, of the whole tribe. The grand speech of this man
as translated, was no mean attempt to apply to the ladies and gentlemen present, the
delightful unction of flattery. Some repotts had got in circulation among them,
which inspired them with arrogant expectations of obtaining permission to retain the

LIFE OP BLACK HAWK 487

the pipe of peace was smoked. Here, for the first time, I touched
the goose quill to the treaty, not knowing, however, that by that
act I consented to give away my village. Had that been explained
to me, I should have opposed it, and never would have signed
their treaty, as my recent conduct will clearly prove.

What do we know of the laws and customs of the white people ?
They might buy our bodies for dissection, and we would touch
the goose quill to confii'm it, without knowing what we are doing.
This was the case with myself and people in touching the goose
quill the first time. We can only judge what is proper and right
by our standard of what is right and wrong, which differs widely
from the whites, if I have been correctly informed.

The whites may do bad all their lives, and then if they are sorn/
for it when about to die, all is well I But with us it is different.
We must continue throughout our lives to do what we conceive to
be good. If we have corn and meat, and know of a family that have
none, we divide with them. If we have more blankets than sufH-
cient, and others have not enough, we must give to them that
want. We were friendly treated by .the white chiefs, and started
back to our village on Rock river. Here we found that troops
had arrived to build a fort at Rock Island. This, in our opinion,
was a contradiction to what we had done — to prepare for war in
time of peace. We did not, however, object to their building the
fort on the island, but we were very sorry, as this was the best island
on the Mississippi, and had long been the resort of our young
people during the summer. It was our garden which supplied us
with strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, plums, apples, and
nuts of different kinds ; and its waters supplied us with fine fish,

British traders among them, for whom, it seems, they had contracted a great fond-
ness. The govenor replied with great firmness, that these expectations were wholly
inadmissible. His answer was received with a general grunt of anger. A speaker of
Tery different aspect from the former arose, and with high dudgeon in his counte-
nance, observed, that he had understood that the thing which they wished, had
been promised; but that "the American people had two tongues." Mr. Clarke, who
perfectly understood the import of their figures, explained the remark to mean, that
we were a perfidious and double-tongued people. Justly indignant to be addressed
by a principal chief in this way, and to notice that the remark was cheered by the
grunt of acquiescence on the part of the tril>e, he broke off the council with visible
displeasure. In the afternoon of tliat day, a detachment of United States artillery
arrived on the shore of the river opposite the Indian camp. This detachment waa
ordered to the Sac country. The men paraded and fired their pieces. The terror of
the eavages at artillery is well known. The courage of these fierce men was awed
at once in the i)ro8pect of this imposing force, which they had understood was bound
to their country. The next morning the Sac chiefs, rather submissively, requested
the renewal of the conference which had been broken off. We all attended the
council to hear how they would apologize for their insolence the day before. The
same chief who had used the offensive language came forward and observed that the
father had misunderstood the meaning of the poor ignorant Indians; that he had
intended only to eay, that he had always understood from his fathers, that the
Americans used two languages, viz.: French and finglish; and that they had two
VI ays to express all that they had to say to the Indians.

488 PIONKEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

being situated in the rapids of the river. In my early life I spent
many happy days on this island. A good spirit had care of it,
who lived in a cave in the rocks immediately under the place where
the fort now stands, and has often been seen by our people. He
was white, with large wings like a swan's, but ten times larger.
We were particular not to make much noise in that part of the
island which he inhabited, for fear of disturbing him. But the
noise of the fort has since driven him away, and no doubt a bad
spirit has taken his place. Our village w&s situated on the nofth
side of Rock river, at the foot of its rapids, and on the point of
land between Rock river and the Mississippi ; and in our rear, a
continued bluff, gently ascending from the prairie. On the side
this bluff we had our corn fields, extending about two miles up,
running parallel with the Mississippi ; where we joined those of
the Foxes whose village was on the bank of the Mississippi,
opposite the lower end of Rock Island, and three miles distant
from ours. We had about eight hundred acres in cultivation, in-
cluding what we had on the islands of Rock river. The land
around our village, uncultivated, was covered with blue grass,
which made excellent pasture for our horses. Several fine springs
broke out of the bluff near by, from which we were supplied with
good water. The rapids of Rock river furnished us with abun-
dance of excellent fish, and the land being good, never failed to
produce good crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, and squashes. We
always had plenty ; our children never cried with hunger, and our
people were never in want. Here our village had stood
for more than a hundred years, during all of which time we
were the undisputed possessors of the valley of the Mississippi
from the Wisconsin to the Portage des Sioux near the mouth of
the Missouri, being about seven hundred miles in length. At this
time we had very little intercourse with the whites, except our
traders. Our village was healthy, and there was no place in the
country possessing such advantages, nor no hunting grounds
better than those we had in possession. If another prophet had
come to our village in those days and told us what has since taken
place, none of our people would have believed him. What! to
be driven from our village and hunting grounds, and not even
permitted to visit the graves of our forefathers, our relations
and friends ?

This hardship is not known to the whites. With us it is a
custom to visit the graves of our friends, and keep them in repair
for many years. The mother will go alone to weep over the grave
of her child. The brave, with pleasure, visits the grave of his
father after he has been successful in war, and repaints the post
that shows where he lies. There is no place like that where the
bones of our forefathers lie, to go to when in grief. Here the
Great Spirit will take pity on us. But how different is our situa-

LIFE OK BLACli HAWK 489

tion now from what it was in those days. Tiieh we were as happy
as the buffalo on the phiin, but now, we are as miserable as the
hungry, howling wolf in the prairie. But I am digressing from
my story. Bitter reflection crowds upon my mind, and must find
utterance. When we returned to our village in the spring, from
our wintering grounds, we would finish trading with our traders,
who always followed us to our village. We purposely kept some
of our fine furs for this trade ; and, as there was great opposition
among them who should get these skins, we always got our goods
cheap. After this trade was over, the traders would give us a
few kegs of rum, which was generally pi'omised in the fall, to en-
courage us to make a good hunt and not go to war. They would
then start with their furs and peltries for thier homes. Our old
men would take a frolic, (at this time our young men never drank).
When this was en(ied the next thing to be done was to bury our
dead (such as had died during the year). This is a great medi-
cine feast. The relations of those who have died, give all the
goods they have purchased, as presents to their friends, thereby
reducing themselves to poverty, to show the Great Spirit they are
humble, so that he will take pity on them. We would next open
the caches, and take out corn and other provisions, which had
been put up in the fall, and then commence repairing our lodges.
As soon as this is accomplished, we repair the fences around our
fields, and clean them off ready for planting corn. This work is
done by our women. The men, during this time, are feasting on
dried venison, bear's meat, wild fowl, and corn prepared in differ-
ent ways ; and recounting to each other what took place during
the winter. •

Our women plant the corn, and as soon as they get done we
make a feast, and dance the crcme (Za)u;e, in which they join us,
dressed in their best and decorated with feathers. At this feast
our young braves select the young woman they wish to have lor a
wife. He then informs his mother, who calls on the mother of the
girl, when the arrangement is made, and the time appointed for
him to come. He goes to the lodge when they are asleep (or
pretend to be), lights his matches, which have been provided for
the purpose, and soon finds where his intended sleeps. He then
awakens her, and holds the light to his face that she may know
him, after which he places the light close to her. If she blows it
out the ceremony is ended, and he appears in the lodge the next
morning as one of the family. If she does not blow out the light
but leaves it to burn out, he retires from the lodge. The next
day he places himself in full view of it, and, plays his flute. The
young women go out, one by one, to see who he is playing for.
The tune changes to let them know he is not playing for them.
When his intended makes her appearance at the door, he con-
tinues his courting tune until she retires to the lodge. He then

\

490 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

gives over playing, and makes another trial at night, which gener-
ally turns out favorable. Daring the first year they ascertain
whether they can agree with each other, and can be happy ; if
not, they part, and each looks out again. If we were to live
together and disagree, we should be as foolish as the whites. No
indiscretion can banish a woman from her parental lodge ; no
difference how many children she may bring home she is always
welcome, the kettle is over the fire to feed them. The crane
dance often lasts two or three days. When this is over we feast
again, and have our national dance. The large square in the vil-
lage is swept and prepared for the purpose. The chiefs and old
warriors take seats which have been spread at the upper end of
the square, the drummers and singers come next, and the braves
and women form the side, leaving a large square in the middle.
The drums beat and the singers commence. A warrior enters
the square, keeping time with the mu^ic. He shows the manner
he started on a war party, how he approached the enemy ; he
strikes and describes the way he killed him. All join in applause.
He then leaves the square, and another enters and takes his
place. Such of our young men as have not been out in war
parties, and killed an enemy, stand back ashamed, not being able
to enter the square. I remember I was ashamed to look where
our young women stood before I could take my stand in the
square as a warrior. What pleasure it is to an old warrior to see
his son come forward and relate his exploits ; it makes him feel
young, and induces him to enter the square and fight his battles
over again. This national dance makes our warriors. When I
was travelling last summer, on a steamboat, on a large river going
from New York to Albany I was shown the place where the
Americans dance their national dance [West Point], where the
old warriors recount to their young men what they have done, to
stimulate them to go and do likewise. This surprised me, as I-
did not think the whites understood our way of making braves.

When our national dance is over, our cornfields hoed, and
every weed dug up, and our corn about knee high, all our young
men would start in a direction towards sun down, to hunt deer
and buffalo, being prepared also to kill Sioux if any are found on
our hunting grounds ; a part of our old men and women to the
lead mines to make lead ; and the remainder of our people start
to fish and get mat stuff. Every one leaves the village and
remains about forty days. They then return, the hunting party
bringing in dried buffalo and deer meat, and sometimes Sioux
scalps, when they are found trespassing on oiir hunting grounds.
At other times they are met by a party of Sioux too strong for
them, and are driven in. If the Sioux have killed the Sacs last,
they expect to be retaliated upon, and will fly before them, and
vice versa. Each party knows that the other has a right to retal-

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 491

iate, which induces those who have killed last to give way before
their enemy, as neither wishes to strike except to avenge the death
of their relatives. All our wars are predicated by the relatives of
those killed, or by aggression upon our hunting grounds. The
party from the lead mines brings lead, and the others dried fish
and mats for our winter lodges. Presents are now made by each
party, the first giving to the others dried buffalo and deer, arid
they, in exchange, presenting them lead, dried fish, and mats.

This is a happy season of the year, having plenty of provis-
ions, such as beans, squashes, and other produce. With our
dried meat and fish we continue to make feasts, and visit each
other, until our corn is ripe. Some lodge in the village makes a
feast daily to the Great Spirit. I cannot explain this so tlie
whites would comprehend, as we have no regular standard among
us. Every one makes his feast as he thinks best, to please the
Great Spirit, who has the care of all beings created. Others be-
lieve in two Spirits, one good and one bad, and make feasts for
the bad Spirit to keep him quiet. If they can make peace with
him, the good Spirit will not hurt them. For my part I am of
opinion that so far as we have reason we have a right to use it in
determining what is right or wrong, and should pursue that path
which we believe to be right, believing that whatever is, is right.
If the Great and Good Spirit wished us to believe and do as the
whites, he could easily change our opinion so that we could see
and think and act as they do. We are nothing compared to His
power, and we feel and know it. We have men among us, like the
whites, who pretend to know the right path, but will not consent
to show it wiihont pay. I have no faith in their paths, but be-
lieve that every man must make his own path. When our corn is
getting ripe, our young people watch with anxiety for the signal
to pull roasting ears, as none dare touch them until the proper
time. When the corn is fit to use another great ceremony takes
place, with feasting and returning thanks to the Great Spirit for
giving us corn. I will here relate the manner in which corn first
came. According to ti'adition, handed down to our people, a
beautiful woman was seen to descend from the clouds, and alight
upon the earth, by two of our ancestors, who had killed a deer,
and were sitting by a fire roasting a part of it to eat. They were
astonished at seeing her, and concluded that she must be hungry
and had smelt the meat, and immediately went to her, taking
with them a piece of the roasted venison. They presented it to
her and she ate, and told them to return to the spot where she
was sitting, at the end of one year, and they would find a reward
for their kindness and generosity. She then ascended to the
clouds and disappeared. The two men returned to their village,
and explained to their nation what they had seen, done and
heard ; but were laughed at by their people. When the period

492 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

arrived for them to visit this consecrated ground, where they were
to find a reward for attention to the beautiful woman of the clouds,
they went with a large party, and found where her right hand rested
on the ground corii growing, and where the left hand rested beans
growing, and immediately where she had been seated tobacco.
The two first have ever since been cultivated by our people as our
principal provisions, and the last used for smoking. The white
people have since found out the latter, and seem to relish it as
much as we do, as they use it in different ways, viz. : smoking,
snuffing and eating.

We thank the Great Spirit for all the benefits he has conferred up-
on us. For myself, I never take a drink of water from a spring with-
out being mindful of his goodness. We next have our great ball
play ; from three to five hundred on a side play the game. We
play for horses, guns, blankets, or any other kind of property we
have. The successful party takes the stakes, and all retire to our
lodges in peace and friendship. We next commence horse racing,
and continue our sport and feasting until the corn is all secured.
We then prepare to leave our village for our hunting-grounds.
The traders arrive and give us credit for such articles as we want
to clothe our families and enable us to hunt. We first, however,
hold a council with them, to ascertain the price they will give us
for our skins, and what they will charge us for goods. We in-
form them where we intend hunting and tell them where to build
their houses. At this place we deposit part of our corn and leave
our old people. The traders have always been kind to them and
relieved them when in want. They were always much respected
by our people, and never, since we have been a nation, have one
of tliem been killed by one of our people. We disperse in small
parties to make our hunt, and as soon as it is o /er we return to
our traders' establishment with our skins, and remain feasting,
playing cards, and other pastimes, until near the e^ose of the
winter. Our young men then start on the beaver hunt ; others to
hunt raccoons and muskrats, and the remainder of our people go
to the sugar camp to make sugar. All leave our encampment and
appoint a place to meet on the Mississippi, so that we may return
to our village together in the spring. We always spent our time
pleasantly at the sugar camp. It being the season for wild fowl,
we lived well and always had plenty when the hunters came in,
that we might make a feast for them. After this is over we re-
turn to our village, accompanied sometimes by our traders. In
this way the year rolled round happily. But these are times
that were !

The remainder of Black Hawk's narrative is principally made
up of an exparte argument in regard to the purchase and occupa-

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 493

tion of the Sac and Fox country by the United States government,
with a detailed and uninteresting account of the campaign between
his forces and the army under Gen. Atkinson, all of which is fa-
miliar to every person who has read the history of our country,
and it would be a work of supererogation to repeat it here.

After Black Hawk's defeat and capture he was taken on a tour
through the Eastern cities, in order that he might see the great-
ness of the American nation and learn how futile would be his
feeble efforts to war against such a people. He was treated
kindly everywhere, and upon his return recorded his impressions
of the trip and what he saw and heard, in his book, in his own
peculiar fashion. His account of the trip is given in the follow-
ing words :

On our way up the Ohio we passed several large villages, the
names of which were explained to me. The first is called Louis-
ville, and is a very pretty village, situated on the bank of the
Ohio river. The next is Cincinnati, which stands on the bank of
the same river. This is a large and beautiful village, and seemed
to be in a thriving condition. The people gathered on the bank
as we passed, in great crowds, apparently anxious to see us. On
our arrival at Wheeling, the streets and river banks were crowded
with people, who flocked from every direction to see us. While
we remained here many called upon us and treated us with kind-
ness— no one offering to molest or misuse us. This village is not
so large as either of those before mentioned, but is quite a pretty
village. We left the steam boat here, having 'raveled a long dis-
tance on the prettiest river (except our Mississippi) I ever saw,
and took the stage. Being unaccustomed to this made of travel-
ing, we soon got tired and wished ourselves in a canoe on one of
our own rivers, that we might return to our friends. We had
traveled but a short distance before our carriage turned over,
from which I received a slight injury and the soldier had one arm
broken. I was sorry for this accident, as the young man had be-
haved well. We had a rough and mountainous country for several
daj's, but had a good trail for our carriage. It is astonishing to
see what labor and pains the white people have had to make this
road, as it passes over an immense number of mountains, which
are generally covered with rocks and timber ; yet it has been
made smooth and easy to travel upon. Rough and mountainous
as is the country, there are many wigwams and small villages
standing on the road side. I could see nothing in the countiy to
induce the people to live in it ; and was astonished to fin I so manj'
whites living on the hills. I have often thought of them since my
return to my own people ; and am happy to think they prefer liv-
ing in their own country to cominf out to ours and driving us

494 PIOKEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

from it, that they might live upon and enjoy it — as many of the
whites have alre9,dy done. I think, with them, that wherever the
Oreat Spirit places his people they ought to be satisfied to remain,
and thankful for what he has given them ; and not drive others
from the country he has given them, because it happens to be
better than theirs. This is contrary to our way of thinking ; and
from my intercourse with the whites, I have learned that one great
principle of their religion is to do unto others as you wish them
to do unto you. Those people in the mountains seem to act upon
this principle ; but the settlers upon our frontiers, and on our
lands, seem never to think of it, if we are to judge by their
actions.

The first village of importance that we came to, after leaving
the mountains, is called Hagerstown. It is a large village to be
so far from a river, and is very pretty. The people appear to
live well, and enjoy themselves much.

We passed through several small villages on the way to Fred-
<ericktown, but I have forgotten their names. This last is a large
and beautiful village. The people treated us well, as they did at
all other villages where we stopped. Here we came to another
road, much more wonderful than that through the mountains.
They call it a railroad. I examined it carefully, but need not
ieacribe it, as the whites know all about it. It is the most aston-
lafling sight I ever saw. The great road over the mountains will
bear no comparison to it, although it has given the white people
much trouble to make. I was surprised to see so much labor and
money expended to make a good road for easy traveling. I pre-
fer riding on horseback, however, to any other way ; but suppose
these people would not have gone to so much trouble and
expense to make a road, if they did not prefer riding in their new
fashioned carriages, which seem to run without any trouble.
They certainly deserve great praise for their industry. Oh our
arrival at Washington, we called to see our Great Father, the Pres-
ident. He looks as if he had seen as many winters as I have, and
seems to be a great brave. I had very little talk with him, as
he appeared to be busy, and did not seem much disposed to talk.
I think he is a good man ; and although he talked but little, he
treated us. very well. His wigwam is well furnished with every
thing good and pretty, and is very strongly built. He said he
wished to know the cause of my going to war with his white chil-
dren. I thought he ought to have known this before ; and conse-
quently said little to him about it, as I expected he knew as well
as I could tell him. He said he wanted us to go to Fortress Mon-
roe, and stay awhile with the war chief who commanded it. But
having been so long from my people, I told him that I would
rather return to my nation, that Ke-o-kuck had come here once
on a visit to see him, as we had done, and he let him return agaia

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 495

as 80011 as he wished ; and that I expected to be treated in the
same way. He insisted, however, on our going to Fortress Mon-
roe;-and as our interpreter could not understand enough of our
language to interpret a speech, I concluded it was best to obey
our Great Father, and say nothing contrary to his wishes. Dur-
ing our stay at the city, we were called upon by many people,
who treated us well, particularly the squaws. We visited the
great council house of the Americans — the place where they keep
their big guns — and all the public buildings, and then started to
Fortress Monroe. The war chief met us on*our arrival, and shook
hands, and appeared glad to see me. He treated us with great
friendship, and talked tome frequently. Previous to our leaving
this fort, he gave us a feast, and made us some presents, which I
intend to keep for his sake. He is a very good man, and a great
brave. I was sorry to leave him, although I was going to return
to my people, because he treated me like a brother, during all
the time I remained with him.

Having got a new guide, a war chief (Maj. Garland) we started
for our own country, taking a circuitous route. Our Great Father
being about to pay a visit to his children in the big towns towards
sunrising, and being desirous that we should have an opportunity
of seeing them, directed our guide to take us through. On our
arrival at Baltimore, we were astonished to see so large a village ;
but the war chief told us that we would soon see a larger one.
This surprised us more. During our stay here, we visited all the
public buildings and places of amusement, saw much to admire,
and were well entertained by the people, who crowded to see us.
Our Great Father was there at the same time, and seemed to be
much liked by his white children, who flocked around him, to
shake him by the hand. He did not remain long — having left the
city before us. "We left Baltimore in a steamboat, and traveled
in this way to the big village, where they make medals and money
(Philadelphia). We again expressed surprise at finding this vil-
lage so much larger than the one we had left ; but the war chief
again told us, that we would soon see another, much larger than
this. I had no idea that the white people had such large villages,
and so many people. They were very kind to us — showed us all
their great public works, their ships and steamboats. We visited
the place where they make money and saw the men engaged at it.
They presented each of us with a number of pieces of the coin
as the}' fell from the mint, which are very handsome. I witness-
ed a militia training in this city, in which were performed a num-
ber of singular military feats. The chiefs and men were well
dressed, and exhibited quite a war-like appearance. I think our
syotem of parade far better than that of the whites, but, as I am
now done going to war, I will not describe it, or say anything
more about war, or the preparations necessary for it. We next

496 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

started to New York, and on our arrival near the wharf, saw a
large collection of people gathering at Castle Garden. We had
seen many wonderful sights in our way — large villages, the great
national road over mountains, the railroads, steam carriages,
ships, steamboats, and many other things ; but we were now about
to witness a sight more surprising than any of these. We were
told that a man was going up into the air in a balloon. We
watched with anxiety if it could be true ; and to our utter aston-
ishment, saw him ascend in the air until the eye could no longer
perceive him. Our people were all surprised, and one of our
young men asked the Prophet if he was going up to see the Great
Spirit.

After the ascension of the balloon, we landed, and got into a
carriage, to go to the house that had been provided for our recep-
tion. We had proceeded but a short distance before the street was
so crowded that it was impossible for the carriage to pass. The
war chief then directed the coachman to take another street and
stop at a different house from the one he had intended. On our
arrival there, we were waited upon by a number of gentlemen,
who seemed much pleased to see us. We were furnished witii
good rooms, good provisions, and everything necossary for our
comfort. The chiefs of their big village, being desirious that all
their people should have an opportunity to see us, fitted up their
great council house for this purpose, where we saw an immense
number of people; all of whom treated us with friendship, and
many with great generosity. The chiefs were particular in show-
ing us every thing that they thought would be pleasing or gratify-
ing to us. We went with them to Castle Garden to see the fire-
works, which was quite an agreeable entertainment, to the whites-
who witnessed it, but less magnificant than the sight of one of
our large prairies would be when on fire. We visited all the pub-
lic buildings and places of amusement, which, to us, were truly
astonishing, yet very gratifying. Every body treated us with
friendship, and many with great liberality. The squaws presented
us many handsome little presents, that are said to be valuable.
They were very kind, very good, and very pretty — for pale-faces.

Having seen all the wonders of the big village, and being anx-
ious to return to our people, our guide started with us for our
own country. On arriving at Albany, the people were so anx-
ious to see us that they crowded the streets and wharves, where
the steamboats landed, so much that it was almost impossible for
us to pass to the hotel which had been provided for our recep-
tion. We remained here but a short time, and then started for
Detroit. I had spent many pleasant days at this place, and an-
ticipated on my arrival to meet many of my old friends, but in
this I was disappointed. What could be the cause of this? Are
they all dead? Or what has become of them? I did not see our

LIFE OF BLACK HAWK 497

old father there, who had always given me good advice and treated
me with friendship. After leaving Detroit, it was but a few days
before we landed at Prairie du Chien, The war chief at the fort
treated us very kindly, as did the people generally. I called on
the father of the Winnebagoes (Gen. J. M. Street) to whom
I had surrendered myself after the battle at the Bad Axe, who
received me very friendly. I told him that I had left my great
medicine bag with his chief before I gave myself up ; and now
that I was to enjoy my liberty again, I was anxious to get it, that
I might hand it down to my nation unsullied. He said it was
safe ; he had heard his chiefs speak of it, and would get it and
send it to me. I hope he will not forget his promise, as the
whites generally do, because I have always heard he was a good
man, and a good father — and made no promises that he did not
fulfill.

82

PAET Y

ANECDOTES m ADVENTURES.

In the summer of 1812 James Murdock, Temple and Stephen Cole^
James Patton and John Gooch, left the settlements on Loutre Island and
went in pursuit of a party of Indians whp had stolen some horses from
them and other settlers. They followed their trail to Grand Prairie, now
in Audrain county, and night coming on they camped on the bank of a small
stream. It appears that the savages were in the vicinity and watching
them, for soon after they had fallen asleep they were fired upon, and three
of their number, Patton, Gooch and Stephen Cole, were instantly killed.
Temple Cole engaged in a desperate hand-to-hand contest with one of the
Indians, and was wounded, but succeeded in making hts escape. Murdock
escaped unhurt. Many years afterward the skulls of the murdered men
were found near where they fell, and the stream upon the bank of which
they had camped was named Skull Lick, the latter part of the name being
derived from a deer lick not far distant on the same stream.

Mr. William Keithley, of St. Charles county, served as a ranger
during the entire Indian war, part of the time under Capt. James Calla-
way and part under Nathan Boone. He was one of the party of rangers
that was sent with Lieutenant Campbell in 1814 to the relief of the garri-
son at Prairie Du Chien (see pages 92-94), and was wounded in the
engagement which took place in the rapids above Rock river. He was
under Lieutenant Riggs at the time, but was with Campbell's men when
the attack was made.

They reached Rock river on the 12th of June, 1814, and the next day they
met a party of Indians who pretended to be friendly, and proposed a treaty.
These Indiana were "under Black Hawk himself, who tells a different story
from that of the rangers,' and entirely in his own favor. (See page 480.)
While, the treaty was progressing, the Indians proposed a foot-race
between one of their crack runners and a white soldier, the latter to be
selected by his companions. The soldiers, desiring to manifest as friend-
ly a spirit as the red men, accepted the challenge, and the wager, con-
sisting of blankets and moccasins, was hoisted on a pole near the race
ground. The soldiers selected as their champion a little man named Peter
Harpool, who was so small that the Indians laughed at him, and thought

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 499

they would have an easy conquest ; but when the race came ott he beat
their champion very badly. They were greatly surprised at the result,
and gathering around Harpool they looked and pointed at him in astonish-
ment, and jabbered and made signs among themselves to indicate their
state of feelings.

Early the next morning Lieutenant Campbell's boat was attacked by a
large body of Indians, and a number of his men were killed, Harpool
being among the first. Keithley and several others were in the water
bathing when the attack was made, and the former received a severe
wound in the hip, but escaped to the boat. They fought about an hour,
when the Indians shot blazing arrows into their boat and set it on fire.
Lieutenant Rector then came alongside and took their men on board; and
they all dropped down the river to Cap-au-Gris. The men who were
bathing when the fight began lost their clothing, which they left on the
shore, and they had to go as far as Cap-au-Gris in the dress that Adam
wore. Among the rangers killed in this engagement, besides Peter Har-
pool, were Samuel Brumfleld and Berry Pitman. Several weeks later
Captain Callaway marched his company into the Indian country, and came
upon a large force of British and Indians entrenched at Rock Island.
Callaway attacked them with his usual impetuosity, nothwithstanding
they outnumbered him ten to one ; but having lost several men, and seeing
that he could make no impression against the enemy with his small force,
he retreated to Cap-au-Gris.

Mr. Keithley was not with Callaway when he was killed, but he was
present when his body was found and buried. This took place late in the
afternoon, and the party rode to Loutre Island that night. They swam
Loutre slough, which was very high at the time. One of the rangers,
named Robert Baldridge, rode a horse that was not accustomed to svyim-
ming, and when he got to deep water he began to struggle, and sank, car-
rying his rider with him. Baldridge prayed for help like a good fellow,
and finally got safe to shore.

Captured rvthe Indians. — A short time before the commencement of
the war of 1812 Captain Nathaniel Heald, whose history is given on page
153, was stationed at Fort Dearborn, where Chicago now stands; and
during the time that he was there, the fort was visited by a beautiful and
accomplished young lady from Louisville, Ky., whbse name was Rebecca
Wells. She came in company with her uncle. Major William Wells, of
the U. S. army, who had been captured by the Indians when he was eight
years of age and remained with them until he was thirty. He then
joined the army and was commissioned major for gallantry and good con-
duct. The father of the young lady. Colonel Samuel Wells, was also an
oflficer of the war of 1812, and distinguished for gallantry on the battle
field.

The charms and graces of the young lady soon won the heart of Captain
Heald, and led to an avowal of his affection and an offfer of his hand. He
was rejoiced to find that his sentiments were reciprocated, and on the 23d
of May, 1811, they were married at the residence of the bride's father, in
Louisville. The Captain immediately returned to his post of duty, accom-
panied by his young bride.

On the 15th of August, 1812, Fort Dearborn was evacuated, and shortly
after the troops left the fort they fell into an Indian ambuscade, and were
nearly all massacred. A few were saved, among whom were Captain
Heald and his gallant wife, but they were both severely wounded, the Cap-
tain having been shot through the hips and his wife through the body and
both arms. They and the other survivors were all taken prisoners by the
Indians. Mrs. Heald was finely mounted on a spirited young mare, and
notwitlistanding her severe and painful wounds she maintained her seat In

500 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

the saddle, and became an unwilling witness of the horrible atrocities that
were pei-petrated upon the bodies of her murdered friends. She saw an
Indian cut out the heart of her uncle, Major William Wells, and after
Jiaving flourished it in triumph over his head, on the end of a ramrod, he
took it down and ate it. This and other sickening spectacles of a like
character made an Impression upon her young mind which time has never
effaced ; and even now, since so many years and changes have intervened,
she cannot speak of them without a shudder.

While Mrs. Heald was sitting on her horse, a horrified observer of the
barbarities that were taking place around VKr, a squaw approached and
attempted to snatch a beautiful red blanket that was folded over her
saddle, but, reckless of the consequences, she drew her riding whip, and
gave the squaw several sharp cuts over the shoulders and face, which made
her glad to retire without the coveted blanket. The Indians observed the
incident, and yelled and shouted with laughter, for they richly enjoyed the
discomfiture of the squaw and the spirit of the white woman. Mrs. H.
was afterward informed, by one of the chiefs, that this exhibition of
bravery on her part saved the lives of both herself and husband ; but it
did not prevent her from being deprived of her horse, the greater portion
of her clothing and all her jewelry. The latter she prized very highly, as
most of it had been presented to her by her father, husband and friends,
and she deeply regretted its loss ; but on arriving at home, after she and
her husband had escaped from the Indians, she was rejoiced to find her
jewelry all safe. It had been traded by one of the savages engaged in the
massacre to John O'Fallon, an Indian trader at St. Louis, who recognized
the name engi-aved upon the several pieces, and restored it to her father in
Louisville.

After the massacre Captain Heald and his wife were separated and taken
by difl'ereut tribes into their country on the northern lakes ; but Shandarry,
the chief of the tribe that held the Captain, proved to be their friend, and
in order that they might be together he purchased Mrs. Heald from her
captors, giving in exchange an old mule and a bottle of whisky. The hus-
band and wife were deeply thankful to Shandarry for this generous act of
kindness; but he proved himself to be more generous still,, for soon after-
ward he hired a young Indian, named Robinson, to assist the prisoners in
making their escape. He conveyed them in a birch bark canoe along the
shore of Lake Michigan to Mackinaw, a distance of two hundred miles,
traveling only at night; Two weeks were consumed in making the dan-
gerous voyage, and during, that time tlie young Indian kept them supplied
with game with a little single-barreled gun that belonged to the Captain,
and which had been returned to him by Shandarry when they started on
the trip. During the day they would hide their canoe In the woods on the
shore, while they slept and refreshed themselves, and at night resume
their journey again. Frequently when they attempted to land they found
the water very shallow, and were compelled to wade to the shore. This
was the most trying part of the voyage, for the Captain had one leg
broken, and being without crutches he had to be supported to shore by
his wife, who also suffered greatly from her wounds.

Upon arriving at Mackinaw the Captain paid the young Indian $100 for
his services, and discharged him with many expressions of gratitude for
his kindness and devotion. The Captain had saved this money, and $20Q
besides, by keeping It concealed In a pocket In his undershirt during the
time they were with the Indians. He also retained his little gun, which
remained In the family as a relic until the late war between the North and
South, when the St. Charles militia took it and kept it.

The British officer in command of the fort at Mackinaw proved to be a
true friend, and did everything he could to render the prisoners comforta-
ble, He assured them that as soon as their wounds were better and

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 501

they had recovered from the fatigue of their journey he would send them
to Detroit, where tliey would be exchanged and returned to their friends.
He and Captain Heald were both Masons, and the mystic link of brother-
hood greatly strengthened their friendship.

They had been at Mackinaw only a few days when a party of their old
captors, who had followed them, arrived at the fort and demanded the
restoration of their prisoners. Under the conditions of the treaty
between his government and the savages, the officer was bound to accede
to their demand, but being loth to deliver them up to savage cruelty, he
secretly transferred them to a sailing vessel that was lying in the harbor,
and they escaped to Detroit, where they were exchanged and returned to
Louisville. Upon arriving there Capt. H. found a commission of Major in
the regular army awaiting him ; but having grown tired of military life he
resigned his commission at the end of the war and removed with his
family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his life engaged in the peace-
ful pursuit of agriculture.

Before his death he received a visit from Shandarry and his son. They
remained about two weeks, and were treated with the greatest kindness
and hospitality. At the end of their visit they took their departure for the
distant West, and never returned again.

Robinson, the young Indian who conveyed them to Mackinaw, settled,
at the close of the waKj in Illinois, about fifteen miles northwest of
Chicago, where ho became wealthy and raised a large family. In 1856
Mr. Darius Heald, a son of Major Nathaniel Heald, paid him a visit, for
the purpose of expressing his gratitude for his kindness to his father and
mother during their captivity. He was an old man then, with gray hair
and venerable appearance, and Mr. Heald found him living iu a wigwam
near the house where his family resided. The house was well built and
handsomely furnished, and the old Indian's daughters were educated and
accomplished ; but he preferred to live in a wigwam and sleep on skins
and blankets, as his people had done for ages before. He could not
speak a word of English, and at first regarded Mr. Heald with distrust,
supposing him to be merely an intruder or curiositj'-huntcr. But when
his daughters explained to liim the purpose of Mr. Heald's visit, and who
he was, he received him with great cordiality and treated him to the best
he had. He tapped a keg of whisky that was twenty years old, brought
out some wine of the same age, and pressed Mr. Heald to drink of both ;
but he was compelled to refuse, owing to the fact that he had just taken a
pledge of total abstinence. The old Indian then took down some drigd
buffalo meat that he had suspended from the roof of his wigwam, and
they both ate of that. His mode of presenting the meat to his visitor was
rather peculiar. He would jump up and cut off" a piece several inches
in length, and then gravely scat himself again and place one end of the
piece of meat iu Mr. Heald's hand. He would then divide it in the middle
between them with his knife, and each would keep a half. When that was
disposed of he would repeat the same thing, and kept it up until
they were satified. Mr. Heald remained with him several days, and when
he took his departure the old Indian expressed heartfelt regret.

The following directions were recently given by our friend, Mr. James
L. Pegram, of Montgomery City, to a deaf old gentleman from Callaway
county, who was in search of some stray horses which he understood
were in a pasture near that town. Observing that he was deaf, Mr. P.
gave his directions in a very loud voice, as follows: "You go by
that house you see yonder where that yellow dog is, and go a little lower
on tlie other side of the railroad, and you will see another road, you know.
Take that end until you come to a lane running so (thi'owing both hands
up), with one of the fences gone, you knoio, and you will see a gate, but

502 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

don't go through it, you know, but keep straight on to the left and cross
another branch, you know, and you will see another lane witll both fences
gone. Go through that, and go on and go through another gate, you know,
and take a corn row ; and see if the fence is up, you know, (the gap was
down last year -when I was out there), but if it is up, come back, ?/om
know, and, take up the main big road, which runs straight on so, you
know, and you will see a hay stack that was cut last year, for I helped to cut
it, you know. Then j'ou will see a ditch ; go across that and you will see
a pasture with some horses in it, you know, and may be your horse is
there. If he ain't there, you knoio, you had better ask someijody else, for
I haven't been out there for ten years, you know.^'' By this time a crowd
had gathered around the two, and when Mr. Pegram ceased speaking
there was a general roar of laughter, in which he joined heartily, for he
appreciated the joke as well as any of them. The deaf man had listened
very attentively all the way through, and he now leaned over his horse's
neck to inquire what Mr. Pegram had said about the hay stack. ThiS
created 'another explosion of mirth, during which Mr. P. repeated his
directions in a louder tone of voice than before, whereupon the old gen-
tleman thanked him and rode oft' in the direction of the house where the
yellow dog was, and late that evening he was seen on the top of a hay
stack smelling and looking around to see if it was the one Mr. Pegram
had mentioned in his directions, and had helped to cut.

One day Mr. Pegram yoked his oxen to his wagon and, accompanied by
his eldest son and one of his nephews, went down to what is called the
"devil's back-bone," in th6. southern part of Montgomery county, to get
some flat rocks for hearth-stones. The first rock they prized up had a
yellow jacket's nest under it, and the vicious little insects stung the oxen
so that they ran away. They brought the oxen back and prized up another
rock, under which there was a bumble-bee's nest, and all hands got badly
stung. They then ti'ied another rock, and found another bumble-bee's
nest, and got stung again. By this time they began to be discour-
aged, and felt like they wanted to go home; but finally decided to try
another rock. They did so, and found five large rattle-snakes, but for-
tunately escaped being bitten.- They killed all the snakes, and skinned the
largest one, which measured five feet in length and four inches in diameter.
They were now so disheartened that they decided to go home without any
rocks at all, and got on the wagon and started. They had not gone far
when they ran over a hornet's nest, and the hornets stung the oxen so
that they ran away and tore the wagon all to pieces. They finally reached
home, almost starved, having had nothing to eat all day, and half dead
from their stings and other misfortunes. After that they always gave the
"devil's back-bone" a wide berth.

One among the most original characters of early days in Missouri —
and there were some very original ones about that time — was Hon. Jacob
Groom, of Montgomery county, who was a member of the first State
Legislature. During the sitting of that body in St. Charles, Mr. Groom
and other members were invited one evening, by Dr. .Young, to take tea
at his house. Mrs. Young, who was a highly cultivated lady, had a piano
and played well upon it. A piano at that time was a great curiosity, for
there w6re none in the country until Mrs. Young brought hers, and peo-
ple traveled thirty and forty miles just to see the wonderful instrument
and hear its music. Mr. Groom possessed an ardent desire to see the
piano, and he kept his eyes open from the time he entered the house. They
were ushered into a room whichi contained, among other things, a large,
■Old-fashioned curtained bedstead, which Groom at once concluded must
be the much talked of piano. He eyed it curiously, and cautiously felt
of the curtains, longing for the appearance of- the hostess. He was not

ANECDOTE? AND ADVENT CRES

503

kept long in suspense, for she soon entered and welcomed her guests.
As soon as an opportunity presented itself, GrooRi addressed her and
said. that he was passionately fond of music, that he had heard of her
wonderful piano aad the elegant manner in which she played upon it;
"and now. Madam," said he, "I would like the best in the world to see
you perform on that instrument,^' pointing to the bed. Mrs. Young
blushed and left the room in great confusion, while the rest of the com-
pany roared with laughter at Groom's expense.

During that session of the Legislature he made a speech, which created
so much amusement that it was taken down and published, with suitably
caricatures, in one of the newspapers of that time. We have obtained a
copy of the speech, which is as follows ;
^'■Memhera of this Meeting :

"You don't know me I 'spose ;
well, it's no matter. I tell you
my name is Jacob Groom — live
at the Big Spring Post-office,
Montgomery county (I air the
postmaster), and bein' a Jack-
son Dimocrat of the upright
principle. You see I am a big
man — can eat a heap — can eat
green persimmons without
puckerin'. Salt don't keep me,
Dor liquor injure me. I am a
tearin' critter of the catamount
school, and a most decided and
total porker in poUyticks. In
religion I am neutral, and am
decidedly masculine on the up-
right principle.

"Gentlemen Jacksonians and
fellows of the couflicacious

community in this land of con- mr. groom arises to a point- of order.
cussence and supernaciousness, Jacksonians, I say, exaggerate your-
selves and support the insufflciousnes of the oracle of Jackson. Friends,
the cause of the veto on the veloniousness of the United States Bank
was the purlicution of tlie Clay party, and when Jackson has spyfl-
cated the confidence of the present Congress, he will rise to his super-
clUious majesty and crush the "growing powers of these illusible
States. The gentleman, Jacksonians, was adequate to the circumfer-
erice of Jacksonianism. And now I previse you to exaggerate your-
selves, and let them that you left behind see the doings of this 'sem-
bly, the first that has ever met in this towQ of St. Charles. Jmt before
we all got to this place we stayed all night at our friend John Pitman's,
on the road, where we enjoyed the good eating, drinking and dancing
of the hospeculities of our old friend Pitman.

" I am no book larut man, but there is few who can beat me swapping
hor: ?8 or guessing at the weight of a bar. I have come here because my
peoi)lfc voted for me, knowing I was a honest man, and could make as
good whisky and apple brandy at my still as any man. I want you all to
commit the same like feeling, aad finish the whole job on the Jacksonian
principle, and if you don't do as I previse you will come short, and
it will be harder for you to git to this place again than it would be for
you to ride down from the clouds on a thunderbolt through a crab apple
tree and not git scratched."

Mr. Groom resumed his seat amidst deafening applause.

504 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Adventures of Lewis Jones.— Lewis Jones was a noted hunter, trap-
per and surveyor of early times in Missouri. His father was an English-
man, who settled in Virginia at an early date, and had two sons, Lewis
and Benjamin. The latter ran away from home when he was sixteen
years of age, and came to St. Louis, where he joined the Indians and
engaged in hunting and trapping, until Lewis and Clark started on their
expedition, when he joined their party in the capacity of a scout. Before
the expedition reached the Pacific Ocean, he and one or two others were
sent back to St. Louis with dispatches. They fell into an Indian ambus-
cade, lost their horses, and had to perform the journey on foot, which oc-
cupied six months, buf they arrived safe aind delivered the dispatches.
Jones afterward married and settled in St. Louis county, on the Missis-
sippi river, just below the mouth of the Missouri. He subsequently went
on an expedition to Santa Fe, and was absent four years. On his return
he removed his family below St. Louis and settled on the Mississippi,
where he resided until his death.

Lewis Jones also ran away from his parents, and came to Missouri in
1802, a mere boy. He engaged at first in hunting and trapping, and soon
became famous among the old pioneers. He married Susannah Hays, a
grand-daughter of Daniel Boone.

When Lewis and Clark passed up the river on their westward march,
they came upon Lewis Jones and John Davis— a noted hunter of early
times — engaged in sawing lumber with a whip-saw. They endeavored to
persuade them to go along, but they refused unless they could go as inde-
pendent scouts, without being subject to the commands of the officers.
The commanders would not consent to this arrangement, and they resumed
their sawing.

Some time after this, Jones and Davis went on a hunting expedition up
Into the Platte river country and were captured by the Indians, who
stripped them of their clothing, gave them an old musket with six loads
of ammunition, and started them back home. The weather was very
cold, and being neaked, they suffered severely. But before they started
Davis stole a blanket from one of the squaws, and with that
they managed to keep themselves from freezing the first day. That night
they came upon an old Indian camp, and upon stealthily approaching it,
they discovered a large panther stretched out in the ashes of the smoul-
dering fire. They shot him with their old musket, and removed his hide
with sharp stones. Jones then turned the hide and drew it on over his
body, with the fur next to his flesh, and had a warm, comfortable suit.
They made their supper from a portion of the carcass of the panther, and
when they resumed their journey in the morning they took several pounds
of the meat along with them for future use. During the trip they killed
a turkey and squirrel, which, with their panther meat, sustained them
until they reached home, where they arrived in ten days. In the mean-
time Jones' panther skin had become hard and dry, and he had to cut it
ofi" with a knife before he could resume his usual dress. He often said,
afterward, that it was the most comfortable suit he had ever worn.

Jones subsequently made several trips to the mountains as guide to a par-
ty of fur traders, and while on one of these expeditions a grizzly bear at-
tacked his little white pony, which he thought a great deal of, while it was
grazing on the prairie, and killed and ate it. He was very much en-
raged when he discovered the remains of his pony, and asked the traders
if any of them would go with him to kill the bear. Only one of them
was brave enough to volunteer, and the two immediately left the camp in
pursuit of old grizzly. They had not gone far when they saw the bear
coming toward them, and Jones stationed himself in front with the un-
derstanding that he would fire first, and if he did not kill the bear then

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 505

his companion was to give him the contents of his gun. Jones waited
until the bear came within one hundred yards of him, and then fired and
killed him in his tracks, the ball passing through liis brain. He then
turned toward his companion and was surprised to see him two hundred
yards in the rear, running as fast as his heels could carry him in the di-
rection of the camp. "Hallo! you blockhead," shouted Jones, "why in
the mischief are you running from a dead bear?" The man returned,
Tery much crestfallen, and begged Jones not to say anything about the
affair to the rest of the party.

When game became scarce, and hunting was no longer a paying occu-
pation, Jones studied surveying under Prospect K. Robbins, and became
one of the most efficient and correct surveyors in North Missouri. If
any of the land owners had a dispute about a line, Jones would be sent
for to decid e the riiatter, and wherever he said the line ought to go, there
it went, because they all knew he understood his business and would not
make a false or incorrect survey.

One day he was running a line for Mr. Benjamin Sisk, who had built
his house before his land was surveyed, and unfortunately the house
extend'" j over upon another man's land. As they were running the line,
Sisk, who felt anxious about the matter, looked through the sights of the
compass and saw that it would go through the middle of his house.
Greatly agitated, he led Jones to one side, where the chain bearers could
not overhear him, and said, "For God's sake, Jones, alter the course of
your compass, or it will ruin me!" "No," said Jones, "I'll follow the
compass if it goes to h — 1 !" and he kept his word.

Jones was a great reader, and a close student of the Bible, but not-
withstanding he was an avowed infidel, and made no effort to conceal or
modify his views. One day he was surveying a piece of land in the
presence of Revs. Jabez Ham and William Stevens, who entered into
conversation about the Bible, and in the course of their remarks they
eulogized Moses in the highest terms, as an honest, humble follower of
the Lord, and a man in whom there was no guile. Jones attent vely
observed his compass for some time, but presently he looked up, lifted
his spectacles from his nose to the top of his head, and remarked, " Yes,
I guess Moses was a pretty good sort of an old fellow ; but he was an
awful liar." " How so?" inquired one of the ministers. " Why, he said
he saw God, and he never saw him any more than I have seen him."

On another occasion he had a dispute with Rev. Mr. Nowlin about a
place of future punishment, Nowlin affirming that there was such a place
and Jones denying it. At last Nowlin said, "Now^ Jones, if there is no
hell, how are such fellows as old S. and his sons (naming some very bad
characters who lived in that vicinity) going to get their dues after they
are dead?" Jones studied a little while, and then replied, "Well, parson,
that's a fact. I never thought of that before ; and darn it, if there is no
hell for thoee fellows, I'll give five hundred dollars to help build one for
them."

History of Major Jack A. S. Anderson. — One among the most eccen-
tric characters of early times in Missouri was Major Jack A. S. Ander-
son, well known to the older settlers of North Missouri. He was born in
North Carolina, but removed with his parents to Kentucky in 1770. His
father died in that State, and his mother and her children afterward emi-
grated to Missouri. Jack received a good education, and became a fine
mathtmatician, surveyor and scribe. During the war of 1812 he served
as a Major in Colonel Dick Johnson's regiment, and was present in the
battle of the Thames when his leader killed the celebrated Tecumseh.

After his r^jmoval to Missouri he was employed by the government to
assist in surveying the Territorial county of St. Charles, and in that

506 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

cr.pacity became well known to the older settlers. His compass, a bottle
of whisky and his dogs were his inseparable and most beloved compan-
ions. He dressed entirely in buckskin, and his hunting shirt was filled
with pockets, inside and out, in which he carried his papers and other
worldly possessions. He would often carry young puppies in his pock-
ets or the bosom of his shirt, while their mother trotted behind or
hunted game for her master to shoot. He paid no attention to roads or
paths, but always traveled in a direct line to the place where he was
going, across creeks, hills, valleys, and through thick woods. He was
never known to sleep in a bed, preferring to lie on the ground or a
puncheon floor, covered with a blanket or buffalo robe. No one ever saw
him smile, and his countenance always bore a sad and melancholy
expression. He was never married, and died in old age, in destitute cir-
cumstances, in an old out-house two and a half miles south of Fulton.
He was buried in Mr. Craighead's family graveyard.

A number of amusing anecdotes are related of this singular character,
a few of which we give in this connection.

One day Mr. Thomas Glenn, of Montgomery county, went to Flanders
Callaway's mill, on Teuque creek, with a sack of corn to be ground into
meal, and on his return home he met Jack Anderson, who accom-
panied him as far as Cuivre creek, which they found to be frozen over.
The ice was not strong enough to bear the weight of the horse, so they
slid the sack of meal over, and then started up the stream, intending to
cross higher up where the water was so swift that it had not frozen ; but
Anderson purposely wandered around with his companion until he had
confused and bewildered him, and then took him on a long jaunt into
Boone and Callaway counties, where they remained about three weeks
engaged in hunting, and when they returned they were loaded down with
game. They stopped one night at the house of Mr. Thomas Harrison,
who treated them in a very hospitable manner and gave them the best
room in his house. During the night Anderson got up and skinned sev-
eral raccoons, and after having roasted them he called his dogs in and
fed the carcasses to them on the floor, which of course ruined the carpet
and greatly damaged the furniture. Mr. Harrison, who felt outraged at
the affair, charged them for the damages, and as Anderson had no money
Glenn had to pay the bill.

During his wanderings Anderson frequently stopped at the house of
Major Isaac VanBibber, where he was always treated well and fared
sumptuously ; but on one occasion he stopped there late at night when
they happened to be out of meal, and he had to go to bed without his
supper. He lay down on the floor and pretended to be asleep. Soon
after a son-in-law of VanBibber's, named Hickerson, who was . living
there, came In from a day's hunt, almost famished, having had nothing
to eat during the day. He begged his wife to sift the bran and see If she
could get meal enough to bake him a hoe cake. She did as requested,
made the cake and put it to bake in the ashes of the fire. Anderson, who
had observed the proceedings, now arose, complaining that he couldn't
sleep, owing to the disturbed condition of his mind in regard to a sur-
vey he had madie that day, in which he could not find the corners. Pre-
tending to illustrate the 'T^atter, he took the Jacob staff of his compass and
began to mark In th6 ashes, first cutting the cake into four equal parts,
and then stirring It round and round until it was thorougly mixed with
the ashes. Hlckerson watched the operation with tears In eyes, for he
was nearly starved, and when Anderson had retired again, he begged his
wife to go out and milk the cows and get him some milk to drink. She
did so, but on her return Anderson met her at the door, and It being very
dark, she supposed he was her husband, and gave him the milk, which he
drank, and went back to bed. This exhausted Hlckerson's patience, and

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURliS 507

calling up his dogs he went into the woods and caught a raccoon and
roasted and ate it before he returned to the house, swearing that old Jack
Anderson should not beat him out of his supper again.

*Thqma8 Massey, Jr., of Montgomery county, was a ranger under
Nathan Boone during the Indian war, and one day while he and a party
of rangers were scouting in the Indian country on tlie east side of the
Mississippi river, they came upon an old Indian and his son, who pro-
fessed to be friendly. They let the old man go, but took the boy with
them, and after they had crossed the river on the ice they killed him in
cold blood and without provocation. In order to avenge the wrong, a
party of Sac warriors, to which tribe the young Indian belonged,
went to the house of Mr. Massey's father, at Loutre Lick, in Montgomery
county, and killed his brother Harris, who was plowing in a field near
the house. His sister, who was standing in the door at the time, and
witnessed the killing of her brother, blew a trumpet which they kept in
the house foj" that purpose, and the Indians became frightened and fled
without committing further outrages. Tliere are a number of instances
on record, similar to this, where the Indians murd-jred white people solely,
in revenge for wrongs inflicted upon themselves; and if the whites had
always acted fairly and justly toward them, much trouble would have
been averted.

The late Thomas Howell, of St. Charles county, was a very active man
in his youth, and became the champion runner and jumper of his locality.
He belonged to Captain Callaway's company of rangers during the Indian
war, and married tlie Captain's sister, wlio is still living: (See portrait
on frontispiece.) The Captain also married Howell's sister, previous to
the commencement of the war; and Howell's sweetheart was present at
the wedding festivities. He naturally wanted to make a good impression
and was dressed in his best and put on his best behavior. On
the same occasion there was another young man present named Lewis,
who was the champion jumper of his community. He presently challen-
ged Howell for a trial of their skill, but the latter knew Lewis' reputation
as a jumper, and dreading the shame of a defeat in the presence of his
sweetheart, he held back for some time and tried to evade the challenge.
But Lewis persisted; and finally walking up to the table, which was
spread in the yard under some trees, and loaded down with good
things for the wedding dinner, he stood for a moment, and then sprang
clear over the table, dinner and all, and alighted several feet beyond it.
"There now," said he, "beat that if you can!" It was a tremendous
leap, and Howell's heart sank within him ; but it would never do to have his
championship taken from him without a trial. He was determined to
make the effort if he smashed the table and ruined the dinner. So strain-
ing every nerve in his body he made a desperate leap, cleared the table,
and alighted several inches beyond Lewis. This gave him the champion-
ship for all that part of the country, and made him the lion of the occa-
sion. His sweetheart thought he looked ten times more handsome than
ever, and after that he had no difilculty in winning her affections.

Hugh Logan, of Montgomery county, suffered severely from rheuma-
tism for several years, being confined to the house the greater part of the
time. At last he got a little better, and hobbled out into the woods near
his house, one pleasant day, to feed a sow and some young pigs that he
thought a great deal of. As he was returning he met an old hear that
was teaching her young cubs how to climb a tree. When she saw Mr.
Logan she left the cubs, reared up on her hind feet and came at him with
extended paws and open mouth. Mr. Logan stood still until she came

•This incident is given by Black Hawk, though in a different manner, on page 474.

oOS

inONEKU FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

nearly to him, and then flung his hat into her open mouth, an.1 throwing
away his crutches he started for the h()use at full speed, followed closely
by the old bear. He said he could feel her hot breath on his legs every
step he took; but he beat her to the fence, when she turned back.
That adventure cured him of the rheumatism.

Mr. Tate, of Callaway county, owned a little negro boy named Skilt,
who was so deaf that he could hardly hear it thunder. One morning
Skilt got up much earlier than usual, and .saw some wild turkeys eating

corn out of the crib near the
, house. lie determined to have
one of those turkeys or do some-
tliing desperate in the attempt
to catch them ; so he cautiously
made his way to the opposite
side of the crib, crawled under
it, and .seized two old goblers
by the feet. But they proved
_ too much for him, and flew
rc^ away with him hanging to their
1?S) legs. Skilt's mother witnessed
the adventure and began to
scream, and Mr. Tate ran out of
the house to see what was the
matter. lie looked up and saw
SKILT ANi> THK TUKKEYS. Skilt and the turkeys just go-

ing into the clouds, with no apparent intention of coming back again. He
called to the little darkey to let one of the turkeys go and the other
would bring him down safely. Skilt, notwithstanding his deafness, heard
what his master said, and obeying his directions he brought one of the
turkeys down in triumph.

About 1820 a man named Brazzleton came from Virginia to Missouri
to look for land, and while here he thought he would have a hunt. So a
party was made up and went to what is now Johnson county, in the wes-
tern part of the State, where they found plenty of bears, deer, elk, etc.
One day Brazzleton went out by himself, and wounded a cub bear, which
he caught and began to tease by pulling its ears. He was not enough of
a hunter to know that he was getting himself into trouble by so doing,
but he soon became aware of that fact. The cub set up a piteous squall-
ing, and directly he heard a dreadful snorting and cracking of brush near
him, and looking up the side of a hill he saw the old bear coming toward
him as fast as. she could run, with her bristles elevated and furious growls
issuing from her distended jaws. It occurred to him about that time
that he could find other portions of the country equally as desirable as
that which he was then occupying, and he lost no time in putting his
ideas into execution. He arose and departed in the direction of a small
prairie about two hundred yards distant. He felt as if he wanted to see
that prairie immediately, so he ran. But the old bear was in a hurry too,
and he could feel her hot breath on his back ; so he accelerated his pace
and got along a little faster than he ever did at any other period of his
life. He came out into the prairie about two inches ahead of the old
bear, and felt very proud because he had won the race. The old bear
went back to her young one then, but Brazzleton never looked back to
ask her how she felt. He kept straight on to the camp, and remarked
when he got there that he believed he would never pull another
cub bear's ears; he didn't like the noise they made.

But even old hunters sometimes got caught as Brazzleton did. Will-

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 509

iam Ramsey, a pioneer of Warren couaty, wounded a cub bear one day,
and sat down to amuse himself with it. Presently he heard a rustling of
the bushes behind him, and before he could look 'around he was in the
embrace of the old bear. She hugged him until slie made his ribs crack,
and gnawed the back of his head with her teeth until he thought slie
would certainly pull his scalp off. He felt as if his time had come, but
made a desperate effort to save his life, and succeeded in drawing his
knife from his belt. The next instant he plunged it into the bowels of
tlie ferocious brute, when her grip began to slaclven and slie soon sank down
lifeless at his feet. This adventure took place in the woods near Mar-
thasville. Ramsey was an old hunter, and had killed scores of bears,
but that affair taught him a lesson he h^d not learned before, and he
never afterward sat down to play with a cub bear without having his
gun in a convenient position to shoot the old one if she came upon him.

Boss Logan, of Montgomery county, had a donkey that he thought a
great deal of, and was considerably worried because some rascal was in the
habit of taking him out at night and riding him. Being unable to endure
the outrage any longer, he wrote the following notice and posted it over
thf; stable door : "Whereas, some no account fellow has been riding my
ass at night when I am asleep, now lest any accident happen, I, Henry
Logan, take this method of letting the people know that I am determined
to shoot the a«s, and warn any one who may be riding liim at the time to
take care of himself, for by mistake I may shoot the wrong ass." His
donkey was not disturbed any more after that.

Old Isaac Van Bibber, of Montgomery county, believed in the transmi-
gration of souls. He advocated the doctrine that there was a complete
revolution of nature every six tliousand years, and at the end of each of
these periods everything would return exactly where it had been six
thousand years before. He kept hotel at Louter Lick, and took great de-
light in explaining his belief to his guests. A party of Kentuckians stopped
with him one night, and after supper, while they were seated around the
roaring log fire, he broached the subject of his religious faith. They
listened attentively, and seemed interested ; and after they had retired to
bed he told his wife that he believed he had converted those men. He
felt so good over his fancied conquest that he lay awake nearly all night
tlilnking about it. Next morning, when the men were ready to start, one of
them said to Mr. Van Bibber: "We were very much impressed with your
argument last night, and believing that there may be some truth in your
doctrine, and being short of cash just now, we have decided to wait until
we come around again at the end of six thousand years, to settle our
bills." The old Major saw the point at once, and was considerably non-
plused as to how he would get over it without losing the value of their
night's lodging or exhibiting a practical unbelief in his own doctrine.
But a happy thought struck him. "No," said he, "you are the same
d — d rascals who were here six thousand years ago, and went away with-
out paying your bills, and now you have got to pay before you leave."
They laughed, paid their bills and took their departure; but the old
Major was never again heard to brag about his converting powers.

Isaac Van Bibber, Jr., a son of- the Major, once wrote a business letter to
a commission merchant in New Orleans, which created a national sensa-
tion. It was published first in the New Orleans Picayune, copied from
that into the New York Tribune, and then took the rounds of the press.
We have obtained a copy of the letter, which Is given below. The Pica-
yune published it under the following Introduction:

"A Business Lktter.— -The following is a verbatim copy of a busi-
ness letter, lately received by a commission house of this city. It Is In

510 PIONEEK FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

reply to a letter from the firm announcing the non-reception of a letter
said to contain a draft from California on New Orleans. The writer
gives a very interesting account of the trouble he underwent about the
time his letter should have been deposited, whereby he was made to for-
get what he did with it. We think he has made out a pretty good case
of a confused mind."

THE LETTER.

"Johnstown, Bates Co., July 13, 1851.

"I receved your leter wliich you cent Mr. Ellas House, of June 8th, and
I examined the post office where I should have maled mi leter, which was
Johnstown, and I supose that I never put sayed leter in the box, tho' I
rote the leter and inclosed the sayd Bill and went to Johnstown for the ex-
pres purpose to male sayd leter, on the 6th of February last. When I got
to Johnstown, which was 9 miles from mi residence, Samuel C. Van Bib-
ber, mi nefue, a uthe 18 years old, and the only sun of mi bruther Ewing
A. Van Bibber, ho lives in California, and the man that sent me that
draft. Samuel C, mi nefue, has been with me 12 years, and a good boy
he is. Upon him coming up covered with a Gore of Blud, having reed a
blow on the left cide of the head from Elihue Ashcrof, ho had come to
mi house a few minits after I left home, for the purpose of whipping ml
nefue, Samuel C. Van Bibber aforesayed, the only son of my bruther
Ewlng A. Van Bibber of California, having with him his two suns, .John
and Gronnel, one 15 years old and the other 18 years old, all attacking
Samuel C. mi nefeu in the most furrlous and frlteful manner. The old
man Ashcrof striking Samuel C. with the spike end of a big hickory stick,
which I heard him brag that his father nocked Jim Sullivan's brains out
in an affray in the expedition against the Mormons, in an affray that took
place or that arose after the defeat of the Mormons. Elihue Ashcrof
payed $10 for tlie stick at his lather's sale 12 months before the affray
with ml nefue, Samuel C. Van Bibber, took place, which the sayed Ash-
crof wanted to regain the renown of his ded father by nocking out Sam-
uel C. mi nefue's brains with the same stick. In the fury Samuel C. mi
nefue renched the stick out ol Ashcrof's hands, and turned the spike end
which he punched Ashcrof twice in the belly just above the nable, and he
fell on the floor, upon which his boys became intimidated and exclaimed,
0, dudy is dead, whereupon Samuel C. mi nefue, being as much alarmed
as the Ashcrof boys, cort a horse and came after me ful tilt, and overtook
me just as I was going Into Johnstown to male the aforesayed leter, and
made his statement, which throwed me Into a confusion, I being a non-
resident of the place, and never having had anything to do with the fury
between Samuel C. ml nefeu and old Ashcrof. Qld Major Cummlngs ad-
vised Samuel C. to take them with a peace warrant, which Samuel C.
dun, and Ashcrof was 3 dais getting a cpuncellor to trie the case, which
lasted 8 dais, during which time I never thought about what took me to
Johnstown, and all the time at mi house and his phlsiclan sailng he, Ash-
crof, would dy to-nite.

" { miself pleaded mi nefue Samuel C.'s case before 3 squires, ho after
8 day's deliberation pronounced it a case of man slarter in the fifth de-
gree, which was for Samuel C. to pay $20 and leve the county, which he
dun. All the time old Ashcrof's second wife and sun and a fue of his
knalghbors attending him, he expressed a wish to get well and a great
determination of revenge, when on the 10 day I became afraid that the
pralrs of his second wife and knalghbors, and which I miself hartily
concurred In, would not be ansured, which was, mite God increse his
palne and lay It close to his sinful hart, that his moments mite be fue. I
made them haul him home, where he Unguered until the first of March,
when to the gratification of his second wife aod to bis nalghbors and I
miself also we buryed him.

AKECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 511

'*! have ritten mi bruther Ewing A. Van Bibber, of California, making
a statement of tlie matter to him, and I must now wate the result of mi
mismanagement, as I may be mistaken as to the house I rote to in New
Orleans, as I only had his leter to refur to, which only said I send you a
draf on New Orleans. You must excuse the length of mi unimportant
and almost unconsiderate leter, and consider me most considerately your
friend, " Isaac Van Bibber."

Samuel C. VanBibber, the "nefue" who gave the old gentleman such a
turn, joined the Confederate army during the late war, and was captured
and taken to Fort Delaware, where he died of measles soon after.

VanBibber went on an expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the employ
of the government, previous to his removal to California, and upon his
return to Montgomery county he raised a company to go back with him.
The following is a copy of one of his speeches, delivered at Loutre Lick,
to an audience of attentive listeners, from among whom he was seeking
volunteers :

"Westward! Westward! my friend?, I am bound. I call on you to-
day to answer, or hereafter hold your tongues.

"Who will join in the march to the Rocky Mountains with me, a sort
of high-pressure-double-cylinder-go-it-ahead-forty-wild-cats-tearing sort
of a feller? Westward bound! Come on, boys; let's streak it like a
rainbow, and feast it like a wolfs eye to the West, to the Rocky Moun-
tains, where you may learn to sing rockaby baby up in a tree top to all
creation, with a wolfs howl and a bear's growl just by way of echo.
Wake up, ye sleepy heads! Kick your eyes open and git out of this
place. Git out of this brick kiln — these mortality turners and murder
mills, where they render all the lard out of a feller until he is too lean to
sweat. Git out of this warming-pan, ye holly hocks, and go out to the
West whei'e you may be seen. You can't make a shadow where you are
nor see how to breathe. Why, I could cram a dozen such nations into a
rifle barrel like buckshot; and I have a kind of a creeping calculation that
about the time you smelt powder there would be little of you left. I guess^
if all of you chicken-hearted fellers were melted and run into one, you
might make a shadow.

" Come, come, jump on behind, boys, and I will gallop you to the West,
and I will show you such things that all natur nor a brace of earthquakes
couldn't break. Fine people, lots of land — and such land, too! Why,
you can plant a punkin over night, and next morning it will sprout pies !
Such good things, such land, such deer — plenty to eat — oceans of Injuns,
wild cats, rattlesnakes — and snappers as thick as onions on a rope. So
hitch on, boys; there is room for a hog pen full of you, baggage ahd all.
I have got one pocket as is not engaged, besides I guess I might stow
away a ton of you aboard of my hat, taking inside and outside seats in
the count, and when you find the craft too full, why jump into the hole.
This is the only regilar United States craft that runs by land, chartered to
the Rocky Mountains, as swift as a rocket and as safe as a possum in a
pie. And those mountain gals will scramble for you like pigs after a
punkin. Such gals! You never saw any like them. They are like young
hurricanes! And I guess some of them are full grown storms, rainbow
and all. Some of you would think you had run afoul of an earthquake.
What are you sniggering at. I guess if you would sink in a basket full
of our Western breezes it would crack the drawing string and take all
the puckers out of your mouth.

"So come along, boys; what is the use of staying here. Come out
and pasture awhile in the West, and I will bet a dozen raccoons and
throw in a possum, if you will get aboard this dry land ship of Uncle
Sam's, that before the year 1840 comes jumping over the stile you will

512 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

spread out, scatter your limbs, overrun the country with your branches
and breed a famine. "

We can readily believe that after this famous speech, he had but little
difficulty in enlisting all the men he vranted.

Among the queer geniuses of early times was old 'Squire Colgin, of St.
Charles. He was a Justice of. the Peace, and usually rendered his decis-
ions in a manner peculiar to himself, and the way he considered right,
without descending from his lofty prerogative to consult the law. A man
named Miller once sued a neighbor named Kirkpatrick on an open
account in Colgin's court. Colgin rendered judgment in favor of the
plaintiff, and after the decision was given, Miller thought of a buffalo
robe he had sold Kirkpatrick, but which he had forgotten to include in
the bill. So he whispered to Colgin to make an entry of it on the back
of the judgment, which he did in the following words : " Mr. Miller says
that Kirk (as he wrote it) got a buffalo skin for f 8, that he forgot to
charge in the account, therefore I, Daniel Colgin, Justice of the Peace of
this court, believe that Miller tells the truth about the skin, and I do
hereby put it down on the back of the judgment, for to be collected at
the same time the balance is paid. "Daniel Colgin, J. P."

Kirkpatrick very naturally got mad at the decision, and said if he were
going to heaven and should see Miller coming too, he would change his
course and go to — the other place. Colgin considered this contempt of
his court, and fined him one dollar.

Another case that was entered upon Colgin's docket still further mani-
fested his peculiar sense of justice. Two citizens of St. Charles had a
quarrel about a piece of ice which one had sold to the other, and which
fell short half a pound. While, they were quarrelling the ice all melted,
and the dealer went to Colgin and sued the other man for the price of the
ice, which was six and one-fourth cents, Colgin gave judgment in his
favor, but made him pay half the costs (seventy-five cents), because he
thought it was right that the costs should be divided between them for
being "such blamed fools as to quarrel about a little piece of ice that he
could eat in five minutes any warm day."

Colgin afterward removed to Cotesansdessein, in Callaway county,
where he and his son opened a store, which was the first store kept by
Americans \n that county.

A Fourth of July Oration. — Adam Cobb, of Montgomery county,
was a great admirer of Gen. Washington and the heroes who fought
with him. He had a speech which he used to deliver at every Fourth of
July celebration that he could attend, and the people would ride a great
many miles to hear it. When he was delivering his oration he would
walk to and fro on the rostrum, flourish his large bandana handkerchief,
and weep. The following is a literal copy of his speech;
"Gentlemen and Ladies, Friends and Enemies:

" I appear before you, at this time, in behalf of our beloved Washing-
ton and our forefathers. I have come to speak their praises, for it was
them that bore the brunt of our sorrows and made us a free and a happy
people,

" Yes, my friends and enemies, it was my forefathers and anchestors
as well as yours that fit with our beloved Washington when he whipped
the great battle of the cow pens in the State of old North Carolina.
When the Red Jackets came to beguile us from our homes, besides the
Red Man of our native land. Our forefathers and our anchestors had
to work their craps the best they could, with the rifle in one hand and the
Brazln seikle in the other, and the hot briling sup. shining down on their
backs.

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 613

*' But our glorious, beloved Washington is no more, for he is buried
way down on old Faginia shore. Whar the willows wave over his grave,
and we see him no more, for he is buried way down on old Faginia
shore, where the willows wave over his grave, and we see him no more.
So Sweet-Li let him Lye, and sleep for ever more.

For I don't expect to detain this large, highly larnt ordinance, that
is spread out before me, this day, but I do expect to spificate the great
doctrine of our Great and Glorious Country that spreads from the rivers
to the great Oceans of the East and the West, and should I fail to do it,
I hope the memorj- of our forefathers and our beloved Washington will
make up. all I lack.

"You, my friends and enemies, I tell you this day with tears in my
eyes, that it was our beloved Washington, with General Green and our
forefathers that fit the Battle of Bunkers Hill, a way down in North Car-
olina. It was there the Brazen Mouth Cannon belched forth her thunder
and Spit Lightning at the same time.

"Yes, my friends, thera was trying times with our beloved Washington,
and our forefathers, for they had to leave their poor wives and little
children at home, and fight in their bare feet with their toes .bleeding as
they marched down Lundy's Lane, in the State of Georgia, whar our
great and good General Montgomery was killed. Yes, you ought to think
a heap of that great man, for they tell me this county is named after him,
and there is one on the other side of the river is named after our beloved
Washington.

"I never felt better in my life as I do to-day, it makes me happy, my
friends to talk to such a well manners ordinance as this, lor our beloved
Washington for seven long years, he sat in his saddle on his white horse,
and fit the Eed Jackets, with sword and pistol, and never got a scratch,
for our forefathers and our beloved Washington sat upon their mother's
knees, when they was babies, and rocked to sleep, and they have grown
from small cliildren to be great men to save the people of this great land,
that reaches from North to South, from East to West, has hearn of his
death, and we this day, as I was going to say, all things happens for the
best. This great Americanas with her wide and long rivers, and high
mountings is left us, and our prosperity to be enjoyed by us, by our be-
loved Washington, for at Braddock's defeat in old Faginia our forefathers
bled and died while the Red Jackets and the Red Man was made to run
away.

"Our father Washington Avas too small then to do much good, but the
military was in him, for he' was chock brim full of the gredience that
makes the warrior. Yes, my friends, this is a glorious day, with us
all, I am proud of having the liberty of sending forth my feelings as old
father Noah sent forth the dove from his ark.

Sock after David Darst settled in Darst's Bottom, he built a still-
house, and made some splendid apple brandy, which was so good that it
soon became celebrated all over the country. All the family drank of it
freely, and when visitors came it was set out for them to drink, as the
custom was in those times. They had but few cups then, and in their
places they used gourds, wild cimbllngs, horns, tin cups, etc., the
favorite vessel being a horn ; and no one ever called without "taking a
horn" before he departed. Old Brother Clark, an Ironside Baptist
preacher, called at Mr. Darst's one morning to get his breakfast, and a
tin cup full of apple brandy was warmed and set by his plate. He viewed
it with delight, took a sip and smacked his lips over its fragrance, and
then holding it up in his hand, he said the following grace: " May the
good Lord bless this cup of spirits, and may we all drink of it, or of the
same spirits, to the salvation of our souls, and to our coming posterity."

514 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

After the grace he drank the brandy with great relish, and it no doubt did
his body and soul both good.

Mr. Darst had several neighbors who were not very fond of work, and
depended principally upon iheir neighbors' cribs and smoke-houses for a
support. Mr. Darst suffered severely from their depredations, and finally
growing tired of feeding several families besides his own, he put a lock
on his corn crib. Such a thing had never been heard of before in that
part of the country, and it aroused the indignation of those who had
been in the habit of helping themselves. Among the latter was a man
named Smith, an idle, good-for-nothing sort of a fellow, whom Mr. Darst
had long suspected. Locks did not prevent him from slipping corn out
at the cracks of the crib, and Mr. Darst finally determined to catch him.
So he sent for him one day to come and show him how to set a steel trap.
Smith considered it quite an honor to be requested by so prominent, a
man as Mr. Darst to show him how to do anything, and he came very
readily. Mr. Darst explained thnt some person had been stealing corn
out of his crib, and he wanted to set a trap by a certain crack in order to
catch the thief. The trap was accordingly fixed, and Smith tooK his de-
parture, laughing in his sleeve as to how he would fool the old man ; but
as soon as he was out of sight Darst removed the trap and set it by
another crack, on the other side of the crib. The next morning being
Sunday he walked out early to observe the situation, and was surprised to
see his friend Smith hugging close up to the corn crib, with his right
hand fast in the steel trap. "Good morning, Mr. Smith," said Mr. Darst,
"you are up early this morning. Won't you come in?" Smith excused
himself by saying that he could not just then, as his hand was hurting
him very much. And then he begged Darst not to say anything about it,
and said if he would keep it still he might take his shirt off and give him
thirty-nine lashes. Darst accepted the proposition, and gave him the
whipping; but tlie aft'air leaked out, and Smith left the country.

Christopher Sanders, of Montgomery county, was very fond of hunt-
ing, but did not like the trouble of carrying a gun, so he genera'ly depended
upon borrowing one after he found his game. He borrowed so often of
the VanBibber boys, who lived near Loutre Lick, that they finally be-
came tired of it, and determined to give him a dose that would cure him.
So the next time he called for a gun, they loaded an old musket about half
full of powder and bullets and gave it to him; but he suspected that
something was wrong, from the peculiar manner in which the boys
winked at one another, and he returned the gun with the load still in it.
The boys were now greatly troubled to devise some means to get the
load out of the gun, for they were afraid to shoot it, and there was no
other way to get it out. A few days afterward an Irishman came
along, who had seen several deer at the side of the road, and wanted to
borrow a gun to shoot them with. The boys very readily loaned him the
old musket, ahd he took his departure in quest of the game. Pretty
soon they heard a roaring in that direction, which sounded like several
small earthquakes h{id broken loose ; and they waited with some degree
of anxiety for Pat to put in an appearance. Presently he returned, hav-
ing'killed three deer and wounded a fourth; but the old musket had
kicked him heels over head, dislocated his arm and mashed his nose. He
was delighted, however, with his success, and exclaimed, "Faith, an' I
kilt three of the buggers, and would have got another if the blamed ould
gun had had a good load in her!"

A CHURCH meeting was once held in Danville, over which the cele-
brated Dr. Bond presided, to decide where they sliould hang their new
church bell. One of the members suggested that they should hang it on
the parapet of the church, but Dr. Bond objected, saying that it would

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES

515

shake the walls down. After a good deal of discussion, without arriving
at anything definite, Dr. Adams, who was not a member of the church
but merely a spectator, suggested that they plant a forked tree, and hang
the bell in that. Bond jumped at this proposition as the very thing they
wanted, thanked the doctor for his kindness, put the suggestion in the
form of a motion to the meeting, and it was carried. This aroused tlie
ire of the brother who had suggested the parapet of the church, and aris-
ing from his seat he addressed the chair and said he was more than sur- .
prised at such a foolish thing. "Why," said he, "do you let a mere
outsider, and a fool at that, come in here and make such a silly sugges-
tion? The idea of planting a forked tree and waiting for it to grow large
enough to hold a bell that will weigh flvd hundred pounds, is the most
absurd thing I ever heard of in my life. "• lie took his seat in the midst
of a universal titter, and for years afterward it would make him as mad
as a hornet to say anything abaut planting a forked tree in his presence.

James Ripper, of Callaway county, went on a hunt, one day, with sev-
eral of his neighbors, and while they were in the woods they caught two
cub bears. Ripper wanted to save them alive for pets, and the rest of
the party agreed to let him have them if he would carry them home alive.
So he tied their legs together, slung them across a stick and shouldered
them. He had proceeded only a short distance on his way home when
each of the bears caught him by one of the ears, and bit them oflf. That
worried him, and he threw the bears down and killed them on the spot.

In early days a disease called the hollow horn was very bad among the
cattle of Callaway county, and many of them died. Ripper thought he
could fool the hollow horn and give it something to think about ; so he
sold all of his horned cattle and bought rauleys instead. But pretty soon
the muleys had the hollow horn too, and when Ripper went in great dis-
tress to his neighbors to inquire wliat he should do, they advised him to
take a gimlet and bore holes into the heads of his cattle. He did so, and
killed tliemas dead as the hollow horn could have done.

Ripper used to farm in partnership ^^^
with a neighbor named Hamlin. The 1 i%
latter was low, but large and fat, while
Ripper was low and lean as a lucifer
match. In the fall they would gather
the fodder and the tops of the stalks of 'J
their corn while it was green and sweet,
and bundle it up for winter food for their
stock. But the corn grew very tall, and
they were both so low that they could not
reach to the tops, so they had to invent
some plan to increase their stature. They
finally decided to splice themselves, and
upon trying it they found that the plan |
worked admirably. Ripper would stand J'j
on Hamlin's shoulders and pull the top
blades while his fellow-laborer pulled ;
those lower down ; and thus they gath-
ered their crop in peace and harmony.

Benjamin Ellis, of Callaway county,
was a great bear hunter when bears were
plentiful in Missouri. He wore a suit of
buckskin, the pants being very stout and
thick, and when he came to a .'^teep hill, in
pursuit of a bear, he would sit down and slide to the bottom on the

GATilEKING FODDER IN CALLA-
WAY COUNTY.

516

PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

SUGGETT AND THE IJUCK.

seat of his pants, keeping his legs crossed so they could not divide on the
saplings and bushes that came in his way. By this means he would reach
the foot of the hill much sooner than he could walk or run down ; and,
besides, he could take a little rest while he was sliding along.

Mr. James Suggett, of Callaway county, heard a peculiar noise in
his stable, one day, and upon
going out to ascertain what
caused it, he found a large buck
quietly feeding himself from
the horse-trough. Mr. S. has-
tily slammed the door shut, in-
tending to fasten the deer in ;
but he" was not quick enough,
and the frightened animal
plunged against the door and
carried it off the hinges. It re-
mained fast on his horns, and
while he was struggling with it
Mr. Suggett laid hold of him,
thinking he could hold him
down ; but the deer proved to
be the stronger of the two, and
dragged him and the door to the lot fence. Seeing that he was going to
jump over, Mr, S. let go, having no desire to perform such a feat of gym-
nastics, and the deer went over the fence as light as a bird, the door still
hanging to his horns. He soon disappeared in the woods, and that was
the last Mr. Suggett ever saw ol the deer or his stable door.

Her "Experiexce." — Mrs. P., a pioneer of Montgomery county, ap-
plied for membership in the Baptist Church at New Providence, of which
Eev. Jab6z Ham was pastor. Brother Ham said :

"Sister P., have you had an experience?''

"Oh, yes," she replied; "I heard some beautiful music down in the
creek bottom near my house, the other night; it was mighty pretty music."

"Sing it for us, sister," said Mr. Ham, "and if you can't sing it, just
try and hum it a little."

"Well, I reckon I can," said Mrs. P., "but I'm afraid."

"Afraid of what?" inquired Mr. Ham.

"Why, I'm afraii to mock the angels," she replied.

"Don't be afraid of that," exclaimed the minister; "mock them if you
can; /'ZZ be responsible."

So she settled herself in her seat, cleared her throat, and rolled her
eyes up toward the ceiling, in the direction where it is popularly sup-
posed heaven is located, while they all gathered around her to hear her
"mock the angels." Presently she broke out on the C sharp note with
the refrain —

"The camels are coming.
The camels are coming.
Hi ho! Hiho!"
winding up wi'Ji a shriek and a demi-semi-quaver that made the rafters
of the old church quake with terror.

"Stop! Stop!" cried Brother Ham, with his fingers in his ears, "for
the love of mercy don't give us any more of that." Then in a milder
tone he added, "your experience won't do, sister — you must try again,"
and without further ceremony he dismissed the meeting.

John Ckockktt and his sister Lucy, who settled on Loutre Island at a
verv earlv date, were both splendid shots with the rifle, and could bring

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 517

down a turkey or a deer at long range every fire. One day John bought
an ox from Stephen Patton, which Patton represented as being a good
riding ox. So John mounted on his bacli and started home, when the
steer became frightened and ran away. He tooli his course through the
thick woods, and in addition to ruining John's clothes came very near
killing him. He had life enough left in him, however, to crawl home,
where he and his sister nursed his wound until they were well, vowing
all the time that they would have revenge. The opportunity soon came.
Patton was passing through the woods, one day, without his gun, when
he discovered a large, fat deer, and Crockett's house being near, he went
there to borrow a gun. John was away, but his sister remembered the
adventure with the ox, and rejoiced that the time had come when she
could pay Patton back. They had an old musket in the house which she
loaded half full of powder and shot, and gave it to Patton with the re-
mark that she guessed it would "bring something down." Patton took
the gun, found his deer and blazed away. But the moment he touched
the trigger he imagined that an earthquake had sprung up around him.
The old musket dislocated his shoulder, cut oflf one of his ears, mashed
his nose, nearly burnt his eyes out, and left him flat on his back on the
ground, a hopeless wreck; and then to add insult to injury, the old gun
got up on its breech and danced around him and whooped and yelled
like a wild Indian. But it killed the deer! After lying on the ground
several hours Patton recovered sufficiently to make his way home, but it
was several weeks before his wounds and bruises were cured.

How TO Break a Colt. — Old Fred SLuggs. a Dutch pioneer of Audrain
county, had a two-year old colt that he wanted to break and make gentle.
So he said to his son Jake, "Now Jake, you go up into the lane, and vhen
I cum along on the colt you shanip oud and say boo! mit your mout."
Jake did as he was told, and directly he saw his father cantering along on the
colt in a very agreeable and pleasant manner. Just as they came oppo-
site to where he was concealed Jake sprang out on his all fours and
shouted "J5oo / Bco ! Boo T as loud as he could yell. The colt was
frightened out of its wits, and threw the old man on his head, breaking
his arm and knocking the breath out of him. Jake thought his father
was dead, and ran to him and began to blow his breath into his mouth.
Presently the old man came to, and looking up at his son with a rueful
countenance, and groaning with pain, he said, "Ah, Jake, Jake, youboo'd
too dam much !"

Among the first settlers of Audrain county were two neighbors, shout-
ing Methodists, who made a rule of "getting happy" on all occasions,
especially at camp-meetings, and manifesting their joy by shouting, clap-
ping their hands, and performing various grotesque maneuvers. They
both became exceedingly happy at a camp-meeting, one day, and in order
to give free vent to their exuberant feelings, they climbed into the top of
a tall tree, in the camp ground, and shouted and sang, and bade farewell
to all below, saying that they could see their Jesus on a white horse and
were on their way to meet him. Presently one of those rapid little
August thunder clouds came up and overshadowed the heavens, and its
bright flashes of lightning were followed by keen, sharp bursts of thun-
der, which caused the women and children to scream and the men
to shrink and dodge like raw recruits on their first battlefield. In a few
minutes a tall tree near the camp was struck by lightning and shivered
into splinters, the flash being followed by a crash of thunder that seemed
to rend the very bowels of the earth. Things were getting too hot for
the two old fellows in the tree top, and they came down to the ground as
nimbly as squirrels, and complained that the storm had bothered them
and prevented them from having a fair chance.

618 PIONEER FAMILIES OF KIS80URI

Adventures of General Burdine. — The older citizens of St. Charles
county will remember a rich character known as General Burdine, who
resided in Dog Prairie at an early date. He made his living* by hunting
and fishing, and was distinguished for his eccentricities and the marvel-
ous yarns he could tell about his adventures in the woods. A few of
these we give below, as the General told them :

He shot a buck, one day, and killed him so dead that he did not fall,
but remained standing until the General went up to him and pulled him
over by the ear. On another occasion he" was hunting on Cuivre river,
when he discovered a large, fat buck standing on the opposite side, and
on looking up into a tree just over him he sarV a fine large turkey. He
desired to kill both, but had only a single-barreled gun, and knew that as
soon as he shot one the other would leave. But a happy thought struck
him. He put another ball down on top of the one that was already in his
gun, and with that he shot the turkey; then dropping the muzzle of his
gun in the twinkling of an eye he killed the buck with the other ball. He
now had to wade the river to get his game, and in doing so caught the
seat of his buckskin pants full of fine fish, which he carried home along
with his turkey and deer.

Another time while the General was_ hunting, he shot all his bullets
away, but happening to have a lot of sh'oemaker's awls in his pocket, he
loaded his gun with them.. Presently he saw three deer in a group, and
fired at them and killed two. The third one was pegged fast to a tree
by one of the awls, where he swung and kicked until the General let him
loose and took him home alive.

Late one very cold afternoon the General shot a buffalo on the bank of
a creek, and removing the skin he rolled himself up in it and lay down
and slept all night. Next morning the skin was frozen so hard that he
could not unroll himself or even get on his feet, and he began to tliink he
would have to lie there and starve to death. But finally he rolled him-
self down the bank of the creek and landed in a warm spring, which soon
thawed the skin until it was soft, and he unrolled himself and went home
rejoicing.

One day, before he was grown, the General saw a wood-pecker fiy into
his hole in a tree, and he climbed up to catch him. When he pu". his hand
into the hole he caught a black snake, which frightened him so badly that
he let go his hold and fell into the forks of the tree, where he became
wedged in so tight that he could not get out. He began to call for help,
and pretty soon a boy came along, whom he sent to gel an axe to cut the
tree down. The boy did as he was directed, and cut the tree so that it
fell right side up, and the General was saved.

He had a pony named Ned, that he rode on all his hunting expeditions;
and Ned was as smart a horse as any one could desire to see. One day
they came to a deep creek, with steep banks, across whidh the General
felled a amall sapling with his tomahawk, intending to walk over, and
let Ned swim. But Ned winked one eye and smiled in his peculiarly sly
manner, as much as to say, "Never mind, old fellow, I'll show you a
trick worth knowing." The General started across, holding the bridle in
his hand, but when he reached the middle ot the creek, he stopped and
looked back to see how Ned was getting along, when, to his amazement,
he saw the pony walking the sapling after him ! Ned shook his head and
motioned for his master to go on ; and so they passed over in safety,
without either of them getting v\et. Ned was a native of Kentucky, and
his master had owned him so long that they felt like brothers. Tlie pony
was thoroughly trained in hunting, and was exceedingly fond of the
sport. Whenever his master killed a deer, he always insisted upon lick-
ing the blood, of which he was very fond.

The General once undertoolt to explain to a parly of gentlemen the

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 519

manner in which the distance -across Cuivre river could be measured by
an engineer. Said he, "You see, gentlemen, the surveyor first gits a
obligation across the stream, and sticks down his compass. Then he
leanders up or down the river, as the case may be, and gits a nuther obli-
gation from that; then he leanderS back to the first obligation and works
it out by figgers. It's simple enough," added the old General, "and I
could do it myself, although I don't know a darned thing about figgers."
His children were about as eccentric as himself. One of his sons,
whom he called Jim, was particularly noted for his oddities and the num-
ber of singular scrapes that he managed to get himself into. In early
days the people sometimes amused themselves at an entertainment called
a " gander pulling," which which was something like the more modern
" tournaments," A suitable track having been cleared ofi", an old gander
would be hung on a cross-bar, with his head down, and just low enough
so that a man on horseback could reach his outstretched neck. Then
the contestants would ride at full gallop under the cross-bar, and the one
who succeeded in pulling the gander's head oflf, without losing his seat
in his saddle, was declared the victor and crowned accordingly. Jim
went to one of these gander-puUings one day, on board of an old mule,
which was so extremely lazy and slow that he felt confident he would
have plenty of time to "pull the gander." When his turn came he
started in at a gait that was slow enough to satisfy his brightest antici-
pations, and when he came under the gander he laid hold of his head
with a full determination never to let go until victory crowned hisefl'orts.
But just at that moment somebody gave the old mule a sharp, cut with a
whip, and he made a lunge forveard and left Jim hanging in the air by the
gander's neck. The old gander proved to be a tough one, and Jim had
to let go without wringing his coveted neck.

During the Slicker war Jim fell in with a party of Slickers, one day, who
were on their way to lynch a horse theif, and falling into the rear he fol-
lowed after them "just to seethelun." He had two bottles of whisky
in his pockets, and presently he dreiV one out and took a long pull at it.
One of the rules of the Slicker organization was that none of their mem-
bers, nor any dne who accompanied them, should drink any intoxicating
liquors while they were on an expedition; and the Captain of the com-
pany, observing Jim thus impudently breaking one of their strictest
rules, rode back to his side and broke the bottles over his head. Jim left
in a hurry then, saying he had seen all the fun he wanted to that day.

Another Hard-Shell Sermon. — Eev. Mr. Green, of Callaway county,
preached the following sermon in Mr. Henry Logan's house, on Bear
creek, one Sunday night, after having eaten a hearty supper of onions,,
etc. He read his text as follows :

"And my sheep will know my voice, and when I call they will come;
and a stranger's voice they know not, therefore they won't come, ah."

"Now, my brethering, " he continued, "my sheep is likened unto a
little goat, named Cato, that my daddy had in North Carolina, ah, that
come up missing one day, ah, and the thunder and lightning and the wind
WPS coming on at a mighty rate, ah, and we children went out arid called
Cato, ah, and no Cato answered we children, ah. But daddy just poked
his head out of the winder, ah, and called Cato one time, ah, and poor
Cato said Baa, ah. So you see, my brethering, ah, poor Cato knowed.
daddy's voice, ah, and as soon as he called him he answered, ah. Just
so It will be with us at the great day of judgment, ah. When the Master
shall call his sheeps, ah, they will answer; and a heap of them will
answer, ah, that he did not call, ah; and a heap of them will have on
wolves' skins, ah, and pretend they are sheep, ah, but the Great Shep-
herd will know which of them wears the wool, ah. So daddy called poor

520 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Cato, and he said Baa, ah. Yes, my brethering, when Gabriel shall stand
■with one foot on the ground and the other foot in the water, ah, and blow
that long trumpet, ah, that will walje up the dead, ah, and the living will
start a-running, ah, and calling on you, brother Ham, ah, to save them
from the blue blazes of hell, ah.

" I think I hear somebody say over in that corner, ah, that brother
Green can't preach, ah, and I think I hear somebody in that corner say
that brother Green can preach, ah; but if you will wait a while Brother
Green will lumber, ah. And when daddy called poor Cato he said
Baa, ah.

" We are told, my brethering, ah, that we must not put new wine into
old bottles, ah, nor old wine into new bottles, ah; and it becometh us to
fill full all righteousness, ah, and not to back bite our neighbors, ah, nor
our neighbor's a^s, ah, nor anything that is his, ah; and the Bible says,
wives do good to your husbands, ah, and husbands do good to your
wives, ah, and children obey your father and mother, ah. Now, I want
to know to-night, ah, how many of you havje done any of these things,
ah. And daddy called poor Cato, and he said Baa, ah.

"Now, in conclusion, I want to say to you/my brethering, ah, that if
any of you get to heaven, ah, before brother Ham or brother Green, ah,
just keep yourselves ready to meet us, for we are coming too, ah And
while I have been preaching this night, ah, some of ray sheep have gone
to sleep, ah; and I will get you, brother Logaq, to just say to that man
talking at the door, ah, not to talk so loud, ah, or he will wake up my old
sister Cobb, ah, who is sitting there in the corner asleep, ah.

"And my sheep will know ray voice, ah, and when I call they will
come, ah, and a stranger's voice they don't know, ah, neither do they
come, ah. And daddy called poor Cato, ah, and Cato said Baa, ah. "

The first piano was brought to North Missouri in 1816, by Mrs
Dr. Young, whose husband laid oil' the town of Marthasville, in Warren
county. It excited a great deal of wonder, and people performed long
journeys to^ see it and hear Mrs. Young play upon it. A number of old
ladies walked from Callaway, Montgomery, Lincoln and St. Charles coun-
ties, and carried their shoes and babies in their arms, just to see the won-
derful instrument.

At a camp-meeting in Warren county, many years ago, an old style
Baptist preacher from Illinois was invited to preach. He read his text
as follows: "And Joseph is not, and Benjamin is not, and Simon was
not also," from which he preached the following short sermon: "My
brethering and sisters, I am all the way from Elinois, ah. And we read
in the scriptures, ah, where our blessed Savior, ah, held the man and let
him go at the same time, ah — held him, my brethering, ah, and let him go
at the same time, ah. I can't see how he done it, ah, nor understand it,
ah ; and I venture to say, ah, that there is no man on this ground that
could do it, ah. " And with that he closed his sermon.

An old pioneer of South Bear Creek had a " log-rolling," which, as
usual, wound up with a dance. During the night one of his guests be-
came very warm from the exercise of dancing, and pulling off his pants
he continued to dance in the airy costume of a buckskin hunting shirt.
The old pioneer became offended at his free and easy manner, and led him

Sut of the house by the ear, remarking that he " didn't allow any such ex-
ibitions in his house." But his guest argued the question with him, and
finally convinced him that there was nothing so neat and elegant to dance
in as a buckskin hunting shirt. So the old pioneer pulled his pants off
too, and both went back and danced in that "light fantastic costume'*
until morning.

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 521

In early times a youth named Jim Stewart, of Montgomery county,
concluded tie would try a new plan for hunting wild turkeys. So he dug
a trench near his father's house, and baited it with corn. Then he put a
tremendous load of shot and powder into his gun, and seating
himself at one end of the trench, he quietly awaited coming events. He
watched patiently all night, and when day light came the next morning"
the trench was filled with wild turkeys, squirrels and hogs. Jim blazed
away and brought down sixteen turkeys, one squirrel and an old sow.

Poetry by a Pioneer. — Many years ago an old pioneer, while wan-
dering through the then wilderness of what is now Montgomery county,
found a family of "squatters" who were originally from the State of In-
diana. He was hospitably entertained by them, and his feelings found
vent in the following effusion, which is well seasoned with truth, even if
it does not contain much genuine poetry :

" As a stranger traveling through the West,^

I came upon a Hoosier nest —

Or, in other words, a Buckeye cabin,

Just big enough to hold Queen Mabin.

Its situation, low, but airy,

On the border of the prairie.

Fearing he might be benighted,

He hail'd the house, and then alighted.

The Hoosier met hira at the door —

The salutations soon were o'er;

He took the stranger's horse aside,

A^d to a sapling tied ;

Having taken the saddle off,

He fed him in the sugar trough.

The stranger stooped to enter in.

The entrance closing with a pin ;

He manifested strong desire

To sit himself by the log-hen p flre.

Where half a dozen Hoosler-roons,

With mush and milk, tin cups and spoons,

White heads, bare feet, and dirty faces,

Seemed much inclined to keep their places.

The Madam, anxious to display

Her rough and undisputed sway.

Her offspring to the ladder led.

And cuff'd the youngsters up to bed.

Inviting the stranger to partake

Of venison, milk and Johnny cake.

The stranger ate a hearty meal ;

A glance around the room would steal ;

One side was hung with divers garments,

The other strung with skins of varments —

Two rifles placed above the door.

Three dogs stretched upon the floor —

In short, the domicile was rife,

With specimens of Hoosier life."

Mr. David Kennedy, of Callaway county, poured some slop into his
hog trough, one day, and a little bull calf came along and drank it all. It
filled him as ftill as a tick, and resulted in a serious catastrophe immedi-
ately afterward. As he turned to go out of the lot his belly struck against
the end of a fence rail, and he was stufffed so tight that he bursted open
on the back and the slop fiew ten feet high.

522 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

Pigeons.— Mr. Calvin Tate, of Callaway county, says that the wild
pigeons were so plentiful one summer that frequently when they would
alight on a tree it would bend down to the ground with their weight. He
went hunting one day, and seeing a fine lot of pigeons in a tree, he hitched
his horse to one of the limbs and fired and killed three hundred at one
shot. The rest flew away, and as soon as the tree was relieved of
their weight it straightened up, carrying his horse with it, and the poor
brute had to hang there until he could go home and get an ax and cut
the tree down.

Three old pioneers of Montgomery county became insulted because
one Of their neighbors did not invite them to his daughter's wedding. So
they went to his house after night, built a large log fire in the yard, then
caught his old yellow dog and cut his tail oflf, roasted and ate it, and re-
turned home happy and contented.

Uncle Billy Grant, of Callaway county, was not much of a hunter,
but one time a friend of his from Kentucky, who was exceedingly fond of
the sport, paid him a visit, and Uncle Billy thought it would never do to
let him go back horae without taking a hunt in our Missouri woods. He
remembered where he had seen a deer about three years before, and
he thought now woilld be a good time to show his skill as a hunter and
get the deer too. So one morning he proposed to his friend that they
should take a hunt, and the friend readily consented. They started, and
having arrived on the ground near where Uncle Billy had seen the deer,
they dismounted and cautiously crept up to a large log that lay in front
of them. When they reached it Uncle Billy slowly raised his head above it,
and having taken a long look into the woods, he said in a loud whisper:
^'Now, just here, throe years ago, I saw a buster!" His friend at tirst
looked as if he was badly sold, but seeing that Uncle Billy was in dead
earnest, he burst into a laugh, in which his companion joined, and they
soon after returned home without the deer.

Mr. Benjamin Barnes, a pioneer of Boone and Callaway counties,
went to school to his brother James, in Cooper's Fort, during the Indian
war. One day he and several other boys climbed over the pickets and
went to the river to bathe. Benjamin being small, was left on the bank
to guard their clothes while the other boys were in the water, and he
keenly felt the slight thus put upon him because he was not a "big boy."
He determined to pay them back, and as soon as they were all in the
water he yelled, "Indians! Indians!'' and ran toward the fort. The
other boys followed as fast as their feet could carry them, naked and
scared half to death. They tumbled over the picketing like frightened
sheep, and for a while there was great excitement in the fort, everybody
expecting an immediate attack. But finally young Birnes had to explain,
and then he was locked up in the guard house and kept there for a week
— which was not half so funny as scaring the boys.

Mr. Barnes had a cousin named Azel, who was a blacksmith, and dis-
tinguished for his ability to spin yarns. He said he made a scythe, once,
seven feet in length — beat it out on his anvil. Then he put a handle to
it, and cut seven acres of grass in one day, without whetting or grinding
his blade. As he was going home that evening he saw a sheep skin lying
on at pond of water, with the wool side up, and with one sweep of his
scythe he shaved the wool ofl" clean without making a rilfle on the water.
He raised five acres of corn, one summer, and when it was nearly ripe a
very large turkey gobbler (he must have been very large indeed) stoDd on
the outside of the fence and picked ofl" nearly all the ears ! He afterward
killed the gobbler, and he weighed 150 pounds to the quarter, or 600
pounds in all, and yielded 29 pounds of good feathers .

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES 523

Adventure with a Bull. — Mr. Joliu Hudson lived in Montgomery
county, near tlie line of Lincoln, and one day he rode his little pony down
to Dr. Brandt's, in Warren county, to get some medicine for his family.
On his way back a vicious bull attacked the pony, Avhich threw his rider into
a branch and then ran home with the bull after him. John was so fright-
ened that he crawled out of the branch and climbed up into a tree, where
he tied himself fast with his suspenders and remained until morning.
When the flrst gray streaks of dawn began to appear, he cautiously made
his way to the ground and started home, but had not gone iar when he
met the same bull returning from his chase after the pony. John "skin-
ned" another tree in a twinkling, and the bull charged up to him just in
time to be too late to give him a lift with his horns. John thanked him for
his kind intentions, but said he preferred to climb his own way — it was
slower, but more comfortable. The bull sat down and crossed his legs
and watched him all that day and night, but just at day light the next
morning he fell into a doze, when John tremblingly slipped down to the
ground and walked home (he walked pretty fast too.) The distance was
twelve miles, and when he arrived at home he was nearly dead from star-
vation and loss of sleep.

Mr. Micajah Harrison of Callaway county, was passionately fond of
hunting, and would frequently go out with hunting parties and camp for
weeks at a time. On one occasion Hon. Wm. H. Kussell, of Boone
county, was a member of the party. Mr. Russell was a pandidate for the
Legislature at the time, and never lost an opportunity to advocate his
claims where he thought he could do the most good. One day he became
separated from the party and got lost in the woods. There was snow
on the ground, and in trying to find his way back to the camp he
became so confused that he wandered in a circle instead of pursuing a
direct course. At last he completed the circle and came upon his own
tracks. "Hallo!" he exclaimed, "here's one of the fellows," and away
he went to overtake him. He soon performed the circle again and came
upon two tracks, which he imagined were made by two of the hunters;
and away he went after them as hard as he could go. He kept this up
until he had gone around four times, when an old owl in the woods called
out, "Who-who-who-a-e-i-u?" Russell immediately replied, "lam Will-
iam H. Russell, sir, formerly of Kentucky, but now of Missouri, and a
candidate for the Legislature." About this time Mr. Harrison and the
rest of the party came up, and had a hearty laugh over Russell's morning
adventures and his address to the owl. The joke was so good that it got
into the papers, and was related at every public speaking during the can-
vass by Mr. Russell's opponent.

Mr. Aleck Weant, a pioneer of Callaway county, was a blacksmith by
trade, and he used his arras so much that the blood stopped circulating in
them. He says that for nine months he had to have them lanced nine
times every morning before sun rise, and had to carry his hands tied up
over his head, while his heels were stretched over a bench seven feet
high. This heroic mode of treatment finally restored the circulation, and
he got well. Mr. Weant Avent hunting in Kentucky, one day, before his
removal to Missouri, and wounded a buck, which first jumped upon him
iind then went over a precipice forty feet high, and escaped. Soon after-
ward he shot a turkey, which fell over the same precipice, and while he
was trying to get it a panther came along and picked the turkey up, and
then sprang on him and scared him nearly to death ; after which it trotted
away and ate the turkey. Mr. Weant saw a cannon, captured from the
British at the battle of New Orleans, which was so large that the ball had
to be drawn into it with a yoke of oxen, and then the oxen were driven
•out at the touch hole. Mr. Weant was standing near the gun when it

524 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

was discharged, and the concussion was so great that it made him deaf
for a montli. That was a very large cannon.

Mr. Peter Bratton, of Montgomery county, 1ms met with some very
remarkable adventures during his life ; so many in fact that we can notice
only a very small number of them. He formerly lived in Iowa, where it
was very cold, and they had good'skating almost the year round. They
would frequently get up skating parties, and spend an entire day at this
exciting amusement. In one of their parties there was a young man who
was such an adapt in the use of his skates that he never thought of going
around air-holes, but would jump right over them. Some of the air-holes
were thirty feet across, but he went over them without any difficulty
whatever. — Mr. Bratton was hauling a load of iron, one day, while he
lived in Iowa, when a violent thunder storm came up. The lightning
bolts fell thick and fast around him, but he escaped unharmed, as they
passed under him and struck the iron. On another occasion Mr. Bratton
went on a sea voyage, and one day they discoverad an immense whale. It
was so large that an entire day was consumed in sailing from one end of
the whale to the other. But perhaps the greatest feat that Mr. Bratton
ever accomplished was when he got six fox skins off of Ave foxes. They
were very large, fine foxes, however, and that may account for it. Mr. B.
and one of his friends have frequently jumped from the roof of a four-
story mill into a creek, when they were bathing, without getting hurt in
the least. They did it just for fun.

Capt. Wm. Oxley, of Montgomery county, obtained his title at the
battle of New Orleans, where he cammanded a flat-boat in the service of
General Jackson. After the General was elected President he appointed
Capt. Oxley to the position of postmaster of a small town in Kentucky,
which yielded him the enormous salary of $G.50 a year. He was a farmer
as well as postmaster, and desiring to devote as nmch time as possible to
his work, he carried all the letters that came to the office in his
hat, so he could deliver them without stopping his work when the persons
to whom they were addressed called for them. The Captain says he was
a very strong man when he was younger, and one day he shouldered one
thousand green shingles and started to carry them up a ladder to the roof
of a house. Every round of the ladder broke as he went up, and when the
last one broke he was just high enough so that he could catch the eave of
the roof with his teeth, and he hehl on there until the workmen "came to
his relief. Some time afterward he met with an accident and lost his
teeth, which had so opportunely saved his life on the occasion referred to.
The accident happened in this way: He had shouldered a large beech log,,
and started to carry it into the house for a back-log to his fire, but just as
he reached the door he stumbled and fell, and the log came down on the
back of his head with so much force that it drove his teeth several inches
into the door sill, where they remained fast and were drawn out of his
mouth when he arose. He aftei'ward chopped them out of the door-sill
with an ax. — The Captain was out hunting, one day, and heard a sound
like some one mauling rails at a distance. His curiosity was excited, and
he hurried on in the direction of the sound to see what caused it. He
soon came in sight of a hollow stump, which was "chuck" full of 'coons,
and there was just one 'coon more than the stump would hold. This
extra 'coon cavorted around on the outside awhile, and then snapped and
bit his way into the stump through a hole at the bottom. This crowded
out another one at the top, which 'fell to the ground with a loud tluimp.
This one then ma.de his way in at the bottom, as the other had done, when
another was crowded out at the top ; and they kept this up for several
hours, the extra 'coons falling to the ground with so much regularity that
the noise sounded like a man mauling rails.

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTUKES 625

Jonathan Bkyan built the flrst water mill in Missouri, in 1801. It
was situated on a small spring branch, that empties into the Femme
Osage creek, in St. Cliarles county. The mill would grind from six to
ten bushels of grain in twenty-four hours, and for several years it sup-
plied the settlements from St. Charles to Loutre Island with meal and
flour, the same stones* grinding both wheat and corn. The flour was
bolted in a box, by hand, and they made pretty good flour that way. Mr.
Bryan would flU the hopper with grain in the morning, and the mill would
grind on that until noon, when the hopper would again be filled. The
meal ran into a large pewter basin which sat on the floor at the bottom
of the stones. Daniel Boone was 1 ving attliat time with his son Nathan,
about a mile from the mill, and he had an old dog named Cufi" that used
to go to the mill in Mr. Bryan's absence and lick the meal out of the
basin as fast as it ran from the spout. When it did not run fHSt enough
to suit him he would sit down and howl and bark, and one day Mr. Bryan
heard him and hastened to the mill to see what was the matter. He soon
discovered where his meal had been going, and after that he exchanged
the pewter basin for a tin coffee pot, which was too small at the top for
Cuff to get his head into it. But he made the attempt one day, and got
the coffee pot fast on his head and ran away with it. Mr. Bryan subse-
quently built a larger mill, and sold the stones of the old one to Mr.
Aleck Logan, of Montgomery county, who tied them together with a
hickory withe and carried them to his home on Bear creek. The same
stones are now in the possession of Mr. Aleck Logan, Jr., who uses them
to set his bee stands on.

W.M. Strode, a scout and Indian fighter of early days in Kentucky,
was captured on one occasion by a large party of Indians, and as they
knew him well he expected immediate death or future torture at the
stake. But he determined to make the best of his misfortune, and show
his captors that he was not afraid of them ; so he jumped on to a log and
crowed like a chicken, at the same time moving his arms like a chicken
flapping its wings. The Indians were highly amused and laughed heart-
ily, and from that time forward they treated him as a friend rather than
an enemy, suffering him to remain in their camp unguarded and to do
nearly as he pleased. He finally made his ef<cape and returned to his
friends.

Many remarkable feats were performed by the old pioneers, and occa-
sionally it is hard to avoid the belief that they sometimes "stretched
the blanket. " For instance, a pioneer of Callaway county, who was a
native of Tennessee, says that he swam the Tennessee river, one day,
with his head through the hole of a millstone; and on another occasion
he dived to the bottom of a deep spring, where his head got fast under a
root, which he had to gnaw in two with his teeth before he could rise to
the surface again. Wonder how he got his bi'eath while he was gnawing
that root?

When Mr. Samuel Cobb first settled in Montgomery county, rattle-
snakes were numerous, and he says they used to gather around his house
and sing all night. One morning he found a large rattlsnake coiled up in
his oven. He was not a very tempting piece of meat to roast, but Mr.
Cobb determined to give him a trial; so he quickly placed the lid on the
oven, built a fire under it, and roasted the snake brown.

Mr. Ira Cottle, of St . Charles county once had a diflficulty with Hon. Ben-
jamin Emmons, Sr., about a calf, each claiming it as his property. They

* It is stated on page l:?3 that these stones were brought from Kentucky to Mis-
souri on a pack-horse, but this is an error, as they were made by Mr. Bryan's fatlter,
from stones taken from the liill near where the mill stool.

526 PIONEER FAMILIES OP MISSOURI

finally concluded to try Solomon •m the calf, and let it decide which cow
■was its mother. So it was turned into a lot with the two cows, and at first
it ran to the one owned by Cottle. "Aha!" he exclaimed, greatly elated,
'•I told you it was my calf— see how it runs to its mother." But about
this time the calf discovered its mistake and ran to the other cow, and
remained witli her. "Confound the calf," said Cottle, "it don't know its
own mother." But it had decided against him, and according to the
terras of the agreement he was bound to submit, which he did with as
good grace as he could command.

The Hen-Egg Revival.— During early days in Kentucky there was a
great revival of religion, known as the "hen-egg revival," which
occurred in this way: Some one had found an egg, upon which was legi-
bly inscribed the portentious words — " The day of judgment is close at
hand. " The inscription had been made after the egg was laid, by some
one who was "up to snufl'," but it answered the purpose just as well as if
it had been there from the first, and great excitement prevailed in thrt
community. People who had not read their Bibles or prayed for years
now did both with great fervor, and nothing was thought or alked of but
religion and the end of the world. A Baptist preacher got possession of
the egg and read the ominous inscription from his pulpit, after which
be preaehed a sermon that fairly glowed with the blazing brimstone of
future punishment. He dwelt upon the horrors of hell and the terrors
of the judgment day until women shrieked with fright, and strong men
fell upon their knees and begged aloud for mercy. The minister then
called for penitents, and the altar was filled to overflowing. A great
revival immediately took place, and among the converts was a young man
named Theodoric Bouhvare, who subsequently became a minister in the
Baptist Church, and located in Callaway couuty. Mo. His conversion
proved to be genuine, and he made an able and efficient worker in the
cause of Christianity. But in after years he often related with gre at
relish the amusing incidents of the "hen-egg revival." Previous to Mr.
Boulware's removal to Missouri he preached a sermon from the text,
"And Peter's wife's mother lay sick of a fever." There was a back-
woodsman in the congregation who seemed deeply interested in the ser-
mon, and gave his undivcled attention to it. About forty years afterward
Mr. Boulware visited that neighborhood, and preached again from the
same text. The same backwoodsman w^s^ present again on this occasion,
having grown to be an old man, and he seemed more deeply interested
than before. When the service* were over he led the minister aside, and
with genuine anxiety and distress depicted upon his features, he said :
"For the Lord's sake, ain't that old woman dead yet? How long do you
think she will live? Poor old critter! what a lot she must have sufffered
these forty j'cars. I'll warrant she's needy, and really the people ought
to send her something to help her along." Mr. Boulware explained the
situation as well as he could, but had to leave the old man not more than
half satisfied.

How Dog Prairie Got Its Name.— Dog Prairie, in the northeastern
part of St. Charles county, was originally called White's Prairie, in honor
of Capt. James White, of Ohio, who was the first settler upon it; and
during the Indian war he built a fort which also bore his name. Some
years after this Mr. Comegis built a mill on the prairie, and the name was
subsequently chaciged to Comegis' Prairie, which it letained until 1830,
when it received the name it has since borne from a celebrated dog fight
which took place at the mill. An election was being held there for some
purpose, and nearly everybody in the vicinity was present. Among the
rest were two brothers named George and Sara Wells. The latter had a

ANECDOTES AND ADVENTURES

527

dog that he thought a great deal of, and he bet fifty cents that he could
■whip any other dog on the ground. Bob Pruett took up the bet, but
having no dog of his own, he borrowed one, named Bulger, from Mr.
Absalom Keithley. Bulger whipped Wells' dog, and two others besides,
which 80 enraged the Wells boys that they jumped on to Pruett to whip
him, when a general fight ensued. Felix Scott knocked the two Wells
boys down, and Pruett bit Sam's chin ofi". During the row, Mr. Robert
Guthrie, who was a very small man", became badly frightened, and ran
and hid hiniself in the meal chest of the mill, where he was found several
hours afterward, still trembling with apprehension. When they found
him he sprang out of the chest, all covered with meal, and wanted to
know if the fight was over. So many were engaged in this fight, and it
became so widely known, that the prairie was at once named "Dog
Prairie," which title it has borne ever since.

Early one morning, in the year 1814, Abraham Keithloy went into the
woods to hunt his horses. He crossed Cuivre river at Clmin-of- Rocks,
and was soon afterward killed and scalped by a party of Indians. His
body was found by his friends a few days afterward, and buried where
he fell.

Callaway county is distinguished in many ways, and no matter what
the "Kingdom" undertakes it generally makes the best of it. Among
its other remarkable productions
Is the tall man — a descendant of
Daniel Boone — who is so tall that
nobody knows what his height re-

ally is. During harvest seasons g
the farmers employ him to-stack g
their oats and hay, and he has tolf
sit on the ground to make himself
low enough to reach down to the^
top of a stack. He h'angs his^_j
lunch basket in the tops of the
tallest trees, and when he wantd
a drink he reaches up and squeezes
a cloud into his mouth.

This description of the tall man
may be somewhat exaggerated, r
and we believe it is, but if any of^
the readers of this book want to
believe that it is true, we shall ^
not get mad about it.

Chased by Indians. — The
horses belonging to the rangers thk tall man of Callaway county.
who were stationed at Fort Madison during the Ifldian war, were allowed
to graze upon the prairie, several of the men being detailed every morn-
ing to watch them and prevent them from straying away or being stolen
or killed by the Indians. One morning three of the men — Morgan Bryan,
Towning and Bays — were detailed to guard the horses. They left the
fort about sunrise, and proceeded to the place where the horses were
grazing, which was about five miles distant. That evening as they were
returning to the fort they were fired upon at a distance of not over
ten feet, by a party of Indians who were concealed behind a large log..
Fortunately none of them were touched, and they at once started on a
run for the fort. Bryan and Towning wore heavy boots, which greatly
hindered them in running, but Bays had on a pair of buckskin moccasins
and could run with the fieetness of a deer. Observing that his compan-

528 PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI

ions were falling behind, he sprang behind a tree and presented his gun
at the pursuing Indians, who at once took shelter behind trees and began
to reload their guns. It is proverbial that an Indian will never run upon
a loaded gun, and knowing this Bays determined to save his two compan-
ions if possible. He held the Indians in check until they had passed him
some distance, and then he ran ahead of them again, and stationed him-
self behind another tree until they came up and passed on, when he
repeated the same maneuver, and kept it up until they all escaped to the
fort, never allowing the Indians time enough to reload their guns. After
having run some distance Bryan and Towning threw off their heavy
boots and ran in their stockings, after which they had no difficulty in
keeping up with Bays. The Indians followed them within half a mile of
the fort, and then turned and fled.

Joseph Lamb, a pedagogue of early days in Warren and St. Charles
counties, had an old brass watch that he thought a great deal of, but one
day while binding wheat for Mr. Isaac Fulkerson he lost it, and it could
not be found. About twelve months afterward Mr. Fulkerson was plow-
ing in the same field, when suddenly he heard something go tick, tick, tick,
in the furrow behind him. Thinking it might be a snake, he sprang to
one side of his plow, very much frightened ; but on looking back he saw
Lamb's old brass watch ticking away as merrily as ever. It had never
stopped running during the twelve months.

The names of Revs. Jesse Walker and David Clark, the former a Meth-
odist and the latter a Baptist preacher, are already familiar to the read-
ers of this book. These two old fashioned ministers affiliated together,
notwithstanding the wide difference between the two s^cts which they
represented, and they would often travel together on foot through the
settlements and hold religious services in the cabins of the pioneers.
One day they were traveling from the settlements on the Femme Osage
to the house of Mr. Flanders Callaway, near the present town of Mar-
thasville, where they intended to hold a meeting. As they were crossing.
Femme Osage creek they were fired upon by some Indians, and one of
the balls passed through Mr. Walker's hat, just grazing the scalp. They
both ran, and were soon out of danger, as the Indians did not follow or
fire at them again. Previous to that time, Mr. Walker had always declared
that he was not afraid of Indians, but after that adventure he changed
his mind, and was careful not to give them an opportunity to trj their
aim on him again.

THE END.

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

ABINGTONt HenBY

185

Allen, Phoebe .

. . 403

tt

John

127

" Ruth

. . 136

tt

SAMXnSL . .

215

Sally E.

. . 304

Adams,

EJdmond F.

256

" William

. . 126

tt

Elizabhh'h .

395

" William M. .

. . 185

ft

James

238

»f

. . 369

•

9»

John

304

Allnut, Rebeccah .

. . 326

W

Maboabet ■

281

Ambrose, Sallie

. . 291

ft

Nancy .

390

Amos, Elizabeth .

. . 356

>*

Polly

390

Andebson, Aletha

. . 382

tt

Sally .

350

Anna

. . 281

tt

William .

252

Eliza .

. . 335

Adaib,

Joseph

303

Ellen

. . 339

tt

Sally

325

" Habbiett

J. . 203

Adcock

John

303

Henby

. . . 369

>t

Sabah

303

" James

. , 267

AoEE, Matthew .

302

" Jane .

. . 150

" TiLMAN .

302

" Jemima

. . 225

Aiken,

J. H. ...

200

John .

. . 239

AlKENS

, Polly

365

Maby .

. . 239

Aldeeson, B. H. . . .

161

" Patsby

. . 335

Alexander, James .

171

" Pbesley

238, 260

»f

John

197

" Rebeccah

. . 208

»»

Sally

138

" ROBEBT A.

. . 197

ff

William H.

271

" William

, ,

Alfobd,

Nancy .

368

225,

239, 243, 302

Alkibe,

Babbaba

159

Anset, Robebt

. . 306

Allen,

Anna M.

304

Applebebby, Elizabeth . . 267

>»

Abchibald

301

Aebuckle, Kitty

. . 351

tt

Chables

237

Abcheb, Cbeeu

. . . 188

tt

Daniel

302

" Chables C.

. . 206

tt

David

302

Ablington, Rebeccah

[ , .288

tt

Elizabeth . 311,

332

377

Abm, Robert

. . . 357

n

Ellen N.

302

Abmistead, Franklin . . 389

tt

Elvibah

«

304

Armstrong, Elizabeth . 212

tt

Frances . .

184

Abmstbong, Thomas

. . 302

H

Habbiett .

238

352

Abnold, William

. , . 303

t>

Jane

270

320

Abnott, . .

. . 358

tt

John .

365,

412

Ashbbook, Rachel

. . 344

M

Joseph .

351

Ashley, Maby D.

. 153

tt

Leah .

•

393

Ashwobth, Elizabeth . . 334

tt

Mabtha L. .

126

AsKBENS, Dennis

. . . 332

tt

Maby J.

•

207

Atkins, Anna .

. . 413

tt

Maby S.

872

Atkinson, John

. . . 198

tt

Nancy

•

866

Maby .

. . 395

(529)

530

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

AtJDBAIN, PeTEB . .

. . 128

Ayebs, Ebengzeb

•

127

Austin, Hezekiah

302

" Maby . .

• •

364

AvKUY, Anna

. . 320

Babeb. Hibam

B

. . 137

Babtley, Eliza .

• •

376

Baobbt, Winifbfo)

311

John . .

,

311

Bailey, Et.izabeth .
" Hannah

. . 130
165

ft

383
258

Babton, James B, . .

• •
•

" James G. .

. . 130

,

296

" John . . .

. 337

Bass, Sallie .

190,

374

tt

126

Bast, Geobge Y.

. 214,

272

• • •

Bailus, John .

309

HUMPHBEY

170

Bainbbidge, Usubdus

. . 212

Bates, Babton .

, ,

158

Bakeb, Ann C.

345

Bates, Edward

•

139

" Cathbeine .

. . 290

Baugh, Abbam

• •

131

" David . . .

239

Baxteb, Lucy .

,

302

" Eliza H. .

. . 180

• •

369

" Elizabeth .

. . 269

Baynham, .

^

308

" Jane . .

. . 308

Beabd, Edwin

, ,

242

" Moses . .

399

Bearfield, .

,

154

" Maby . .

. . 308

Beaselety, Bbaddock .

• •

332

" Nancy . .

318

Beatty, Elizabetth

,

406

" Robebt .

. . 240

" HOBACE

, ,

171

" Thomas

303

" James

171,

391

Baldbidge, Daniel

, . 154

" Selena .

329

Eve

. 179

Beaven, Richabd .

•

312

" Maby

. . 127

Beck, Jane .

, ,

215

Nancy .

. 188

Jkrby

•

140

" Robebt

. . 134

" Lydia . . .

• •

215

Ball, James

136

Beckman, Josephine

•

202

Nancy . .

. . 131

Bedfobd, Reuben

• •

210

Babada, Louis .

. . 199

Behbens, Agnes

•

197

Babbeb, Anna

. . 283

Bell, Jane

• •

361

Babeeb, Simeon L.

. 173

" Lydia

,

167

Babksdale, Mabtha .

. . 148

" Maby . . .

* •

242

Babnes, Azal .

. 374

" Sallie

,

307

Benjamin

. . 374

" Sabah B.

• •

164

" Elizabeth .

. . 371

" Wiluam

•

354

" Elizabeth H.

. . 404

Bellew, Joanna . .

, ,

344

" Fannie

. . 314

Belt, Maby

,

347

" James .

. 242, 374

Bennett, Bubgoyne .

• •

399

" Maby A. .

. . 404

" Cathabine

.

357

" Patsey . .

. . 391

" Joseph

. 312

361

" Polly . .

. . 352

Benson, John . .

,

307

RiCHABD

. . 313

Sabah .

• •

344

" Sally . .

. . 374

Bent, Sabah

,

400

" Walteb . .

. . 129

Bentley, John .

. 305

306

" Zadoc . .

. . 359

Bebgen, Mabia . .

,

191

Babnettt, John .

. . 391

Bebgeb, Adelia .

• •

322

" Rebeccah

. . 284

" Elizabeth .

, ,

282

Babbett, Polly . .

. . 319

Fanny . .

• •

280

Babtlett, Maby

. . 223

" Jacob .

•

243

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

531

Bebges, James
Lucy .

" Melcina .
Beekett, Mart E,
BijtNARD, Ann
Bebby, Babbaba
Caleb

" Mabgabet

" Matilda

" Richabo .
Best, Estheb
Best, Isaac

" Polly . .

" Stephen
Bethel, Mabgabet N

" Samuel
Bethueam, Anna
Bbvan, Estheb

" William A.
BicK, Dinah
Biggs, Nanoy

" Ranall . .
BiGELOW, Moses .
BiGUN, Saeah .
Bilboa, Abchibald

BiLLOPS, MABOABEn*

BiBD, Abbaham .

" John

" Mabshall .
Bishop, Elizabeth
Ellen

" James
Black, Jane

" Maby . .
Blackbubn, Robebt
Blackenbubo, Maby R.
Blackwell, John W

Sabah
Bladenbubo, Nancy
Blades, Chables
Bladus, Emeua .
Blakey, Jane .
Blanton, Polly

BLATTENBBatG, JACOB

Bledsoe, Dulcinia M
" Permelia

" ViBGINIA L

Blessing,

Bloom,

Blue, Duncan . .

" Effie .

" Effie A. .

" Emaline
Blunkall, John
Blythe, John

299 Blythe, Milton

261 Boabd, James
261 " John . .

325 Boatbight, Maby

323 BoAZ, Agnes

253 Bobb, Elizabetth

150 Bodkin, Delilah .

398 BooGS, Jeffebson

. 396 BoicE, Ellen

305, 313 BoNAB, Geobge ,

. 161 BooKEB, Louisa
241 " Nancy .

241 Boone, Albebt G. .
241 " Anne

269 " B. H.

306 " Banton

285 " Daniel

195 " Elizabeth

192 " Emily . .

J73 " Geobge .

129 " Hayden

129 " ISBAEL .

128 " Jesse . .

319 " John

152 " Lavinia

342 " Maby

313 " Nathan 133

206 " Handolf

127 Booth, James W.
409 " Peteb

406 BOBDEN. E. P. .

308 BoBN, Elsie .
165 BoSTICK, PoixT
190 BoswELL, Matthew
306 BoTTS, Fanny .
339 BouLWABE, Elizabeth

. 309 " Nancy

308, 360 " RicHABD

. 264 " Stephen

238 Bounds, Maboueby

. 404 BouBN, Maby E.

141, 369 BouBNE, Effie

. 371 BowEN, Elizabeth

309 " Lydia a.

839 " RiCHABD .

375 " Thomas

339 Bowles, Cathabine
330 " Davh) .

390 " Gideon

390 " John

890 " Leo

411 " Robebt .

403 " Samuel

306 BowLiN, Pebmelia
813 " Phoebe

144,

410

307
317
243
305
168
249
314
148
391
303
226
347
238
184
306
133
395
339
306
209
353
137
171
373

. 373
160, 297

. 275
139
295
202
121
374
306
186
375
412
310
366
297
343
343
253
321
351
391
170
173
366
129
170
153
366
374
401

532

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Box, Susan 892

BOXLET, Mabt .... 322

. 330

312

. 320

153

. 345

136, 372

. 352

326

. 308

. 141

. 1S>3

. 319

. 31?

362

. 390

. 227

310, 312

. 399

192

, 349

. 272

. 812

. 379

. 253

. 375

. 271

. 137

. 166

. 306

. 400

410

. 324

324

. 242

309

. 392

132

. 380

. 355

. 259

160

307

32S

. . 348

Bbockhan, Julia A. . . 372

Bbookeb (Bbookinq?) Sallie 375

Bbooks, Benjamin . . . 311

" Elizabeth . . . 347

Emily .... 393

" Fannie .... 335

James .... 312

" Thomas .... 313

BoTCE, James

" ROBEBT C.
BOTD, ElEANOB .

" Elizabeth
" Jane .
" John

" LUCT . .

" Mabtha a.

" Thomas

" William
BoYSE, Matthew R.
BOYSTEB, Maby . .
Bbadfobd, Dinah

" Maby M.

Bbadley, Ichem
" Nicholas
" Thomas
Bbadshaw, Susan
Bbady, Anna
Bbaog, Elizabeth
Bband, Joseph C. .
Bbandon, Robebt
Bbannon, Ellen
Bbanson, Maby .
Bbasheb, Maboabet
Bbatton, Isaac C.
Bbaun, Cipleb
Bbeckett, Mabgabet .
Bbendenbubo, Abbaham
Bbent, Anna
Bbeweb, William
Bbickley, Celia .
Bbidie, Mabgabet
Bbiogs, Mabtha a.
Bbioht, David .

" Elizabeth
Bbingeb, Sally
Bbiscoe, Maby
Bbite, Henby
Bbitt, Andbew
Bbittle, Ann
Bboadwateb, Chables
Julia A

L.

Bbouohton, Eliza A.
Bbown, B. Gbatz .
" Cathabine
" Chables H.
" coulbobn .
" Cynthia A.

Daniel H.
" Elizabeth

Ellen S. .

Emily .
" Isabella
" John .
" Joseph
" Lucy .
" Mahala .

Nancy
" Patsey .
" Peyton A.

Sally
" Vebnon
" Wiluam .

209,

206

Bbowninq, Daniel F.
Polly .
" William

Bbuce, Henby . .
Bbuin, Maby
Bbumwell, Elizabeth H
Bbuneb, John

Bbyan, Emily

" Estheb

" James .

" Jane B.

" Joanna .

" Jonathon

" Mabgabet

" Nancy

" Pabthana

" Phoebe

" Rebeccah

" Susan

" William
Willis

Bbyant, Bbidget
John R.
" Wiluam
BucKNEB, Mahala .

" RoBEBT R.

" ___
BuroBD, Elizabeth
BuGG, Mabtha .

873
193
321
361
390
277
168
380
172
402
158

220, 309

136, 305
305
402
336
412
158
238
170

244. 309
301
137
355
258
328
266
154
310
360
330
281

133, 221
298
225
145
294
220
128
146
. 277

253, 333
. 132
220
222
183
287
139
312
320
377
193
411
268

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

533

BuLLABD, Elizabeth .

. . 313

BuBBELL, Nancy . .

. . 284

BuT.i.RTT, Mart

. . 184

BuBsoN, Mabgaeet C. .

216

Bunch, Cbect

. . 284

Bubt, John .

. . 314

Davu) W. .

. . 342

" John A. . .

150

BuBCH, Leonard . .

. . 310

" Maby . . .

. . 330

Lucy . .

. 380

" Moses

304

BUBOHETT, JkBUSHA .

. . 365

Burton, Caroline

. .220

" Sallie .

413

Elizabeth

207

BuBDiNE, Amos .

. 134, 146

Polly . .

. 339, 371

BuBOEss, Thomas .

. . 206

" Woodson A. .

212

BuBQETT, John

. . 311

Busby, Lewis

. . 294

BuBK, Fbances

. . 295

" Matthew .

242

" Loudon

. . 352

Bush, Cynthia A. ,

, . 277

BuBKfcTT, Elizabeth

. 162

Fannie . .

310

Polly . .

. . 162

Feank

. . 312

BuBKHABT, Elizabeth .

314

" William

. 239

" Nicholas S.

. 409

Busteb, John

. . 259

BuBKLEs, Edna

. . 151

Butleb, Polly

. 344

" Jebusha .

. . 151

Sally . .

. . 154

" Samuel , .

151

Buxton, Margabet . .

200

BuBKMAN, John .

. . 129

Bybee, James

. . 389

BUBNES, AbSISSA J.

413

Judith . .

. 315

Bubnett, Dabney

. . 183

" Louisa J. .

. . 399

" Habbiett
Bubns, William

323
. . 151

It

414
. . 159

Byeb, Sabah A. .

. 180

Bybnes, John .

. 390

Caffeb, .

C

. . 212

1
Callock, Minebva .

379

Cain, Jesse

. 207

Calvebt, Hattie . .

. . 395

" John . . .

. . 174

Calvin, Elizabeth . .

. 393

Calbbeath, . .

380

" FRANCES

. . 393

Caldwell, IsABEaxA .

" ROBEBT .

274

tt

. 333
. . 249

• • jut
320

Camp, Hardin

Thomas .

. . 308

" Martha

. 179

Calhoun, Robebt .

309, 392

Campbell, James

. . 140

Callahan, Beston .

. . 290

Jane . .

. 357

Callebson, Reuben

. 317

Nancy .

. . 160

Callaway, Angeuna

. . 129

Sally . .

. 170

Cella . .

. 319

" Samuel .

. . 138

" B^NCIS

. . 220

Sophia . .

. 171

James . .

. 155

" ViBGINIA .

. . 164

" John B.

. . 208

William M,

. 138

" .TnHFPIT P

319

i»

. . 246
. 140

" Labicia .

. . 335

Cannon, Joseph

" Labkin S.

. . 155

Cantebberry, Celia .

. . 410

•' Minebva

. . 216

Gideon

. . 394

Polly . .

. 319

" Narcissa

407

" Sabah .

. . 242

Capton, Polly

. . 343

" Susanna .

. 155

Carey, John

346

" Thomas .

. . 303

Cabdwell, Jane .

. . 413

" William .

319

Thomas R.

. . 394

Callison, Elizabeth

. . 346

Cabkineb, Stuabt

. . 262

534

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Cabltor

, Nancy

408

Caywood, Pbiscilla

346

Cabmicle. Ann .

. 139

Chalpant, James R.

. 369

Cabnefaz, WnjJAM

. 207

Chambebs, Elizabeth .

. 347

Cabnifix, . ,

. 275

John . .

. 208

Cabpenteb, Conkad

. 290

" Louisa . .

126

tf

Newton

. 333

Nancy V.

. 132

Cabb, Elijah . .

. 141

" Thomas

218

" Ruth . . . .

. 136

Chandleb, Nancy

. 352

Cabbinoton, Samuel .

. 321

Chaney, Cynthia . .

360

Cabson,

Chbistopheb ("*

:it") 247

" Elizabeth

. 310

*f

Lindsay .

247

Nancy . . .

408

Cabteb,

Adam

. 317

Polly .

. 280

»>

Cathabine

192

Chaneywobth, John .

158

•t

Cbebd

. 378

Chapman, John .

. 161

»t

Cbeed C. .

. 321

" Stephen

249

tr

Cybus .

. 171

Chables, Joseph

. 276

tr

Ithiel

. 208

Chableswobth, Chables .

145

n

Jane

. 184

Walteb .

. 145

n

John

209, 299

Chablejton, John .

393

n

Joseph I.

. 223

Chase, E. E. ...

. 198

n

Judith

224

Cheeley,

218

It

Maby

. 377

Cheeseman, Chbistina .

. 20?

M

Nancy

. 394

Chesell, Rebeccah

298

••

Petkb

. 245

Chesteb, Nancy . .

. 250

n

Rebbccah . .

. 184

Chick, Elizabeth . .

246

ff

Sallie .

. 312

" Habdino .

. 316

»»

Susan

131. 224

" Lucy . . . .

397

t>

Thomas

. 140

" Nancy . .

. 317

ft

. 303

Polly .

316

• •

Cabtlbhan. Rh(H>a .

w 218

Childbess, Jane . .

. 342

CABTHAn, SaBAH

. 407

Childs, Benjamin . .

319

Cabuth

, Albebt . .

. 359

Childup, Elizabeth . .

. 303

Cabuthebs, Abchibald .

216

Cheatham, David H. C.

366

Cabveb,

Lucy

. . 345

Cheistman, Elizabeth A.

. 200

Cabtcoe, Sabah

. 216

Chbisty, Ellen

150

Caset,

Johanna

. 199

William . .

. 144

Cason,

Nancy .

. 331

Clausbubo, Maby .

318

tt

Susan

. 303

Clausbuby, Thomas • .

. 321

n

William

. 316

Clanton, Dbuby

250

Casseti

1 • •

. 284

Henby . .

. 250

Castlio

, Cenia . .

. 163

Polly . .

352

»

Chablotte .

. . 162

Clabby, Susan S.

. 310

t»

Fobtunatus .

. 129

Clabe, Allen .

247

It

John

. . 140

Clabs:, Ann ....

. 298

II

John H. .

. 165

" Benjamin .

293

It

Mahala

. . 166

" Daniel

. 392

Catlet,

Babsheba . .

886

" Detonia

329

Caton,

Elizabstth .

. . 209

" ElIZAiBEH'H

•

tf

Jesse . .

209, 220

. . 274, 285, 346, I

}83. 391

II

Rebeccah

. . 216

" Henby . . . 1

546, 272

Catonham, John .

. 379

" Isaac

329

Cauthobn, Richabd .

. . 393

" James ... 3

L89, 395

It

. 406

" Jane

329

• •

Cawtuobn, James .

. . 898

Mabtha . . .

. 276

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

535

Clabk, Mart
" moxjbninq
" Rachel .
Sabah .
" Susan .
" William

240,

Clattebbuck, Rbccen
Claughnauqh, Anna
Clay James .
Clatpool, Polly
Clements, Benjamin

" ESTHEB

" Susan

Clemens,

Cleveland, Milton .
Clinton, A. S. . .
Close, Eliza . .

ClOSE»EY, EtJZABETH

Clyce, William .
Coats, Mabshall S.
" William . .

Coalteb, John .

Julia D,
Cobb, Nancty

" Samuel
Cobebt, Shelton
Cobubn, Mabgabet
Cochban, James

COCKBELL, MaBQABET

CoE, Pbiscilla
Coil, Elijah

" Elizabeth

" Jacob

" Noah
Colbebt, Pleasant .
Cole, Mabk

" Sabah Jane
Coleman, Judith

Maby . .

" NoBMAN J.

" Reuben

" William A
CoLouM, Daniel . .

COLLIEB, AlEXANDEB

" Geoboe .
John

141

Collins, Frances

" Mabtha

" Nicholas

" William

409 CoMEGYS, Cathabine

406 CoNKWBioHT, Rachel

147 CONNEB, DOBOTHEA .

274, 298 CoNoiEB, Peteb .

297 Conway, Samuel .

293 Cook, Mabtha R.

338 CooLEY, Pbances

320 Coombs, Nancy .

26« " Sallie

167 CooNCE, Jacob

162 CooNEs, Jacob •

244 Coons, Jacob . .

268 CooNSE, Elizabeth

244 " Mabia
136 Cope, James
332 CopHEB, Thomas .

184 Copps, Phoebe .
203 " Sally
344 CoBDEB, Benjamin .
208 CoBKEB, John
325 CoBNOYEB, Celeste .
318 " Chables
367 " Elizabeth

302 " ViCTOIBE

139 CosHow, Maby Hughes

131 " William .

245 CosTUO, Ruth .
249 Cotes, Nancy Smith
280 Cottle, Salome
370 " SuBY
136 " Wabben
408 Counts, Rachel D.
327 CouBTNEY, Eliza. J.
352 " Emily
227 " Nancy .

207, 317 Covington, Benjamin

352 " Elizabeth

. 147 " James R.

250, 284 " Melchizedec

. 181 CowABD, John

131 Cowhebd, William

336 Cox, Allen .

299 " Hannah .

173 " Hannah L.

173 " Jesse

143 " Lemuel

261 " Pebby . . .

175, 194 " Samuel

141 " SiBENUS .

380 Cbaft, Babbaba .

185 Cbaio, Amy ....
282 " David . .
141 " Elizabeth .

141, 316 " Henby . .

179
364
413
145
131
176
173
164
327
320
318
845
311

. 312
247. 248

. 395
287
215
815
215
199
199
181
163
133, 138

. 138
208
277
138
138
138
263
238
240
238
304
327
304
315
397
238
352
295
410
895
272
410

. 329
241, 244

. 322
184
245
254
322

536

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Cbaiq, James

144

Crockett, Hugh . .

. 411

Levi . . .

. 322

Mary . .

342

" Mabgaret

254, 257

Nancy . .

. 411

" Martha

. 304

" Rebeccah

. 342

Mary A. . .

. 354

Susan . . .

. 393

" Nancy . . .

. 354

Crook, John

. 318

" Nathaniel

. 354

Crooks, Elizabeth .

. 412

" Patience

. 346

Cross, David

. 330

Patsey W.

. 337

Crosswhite, Lucinda

. 403

" Samuel .

322

Crouch, Jonathon . .

394

Sarah

242, 346

Crow, Joseph

. 319

TOLIVEB . .

. 321

" Polly . . .

. 160

" Vtptor

244

tt

. 310
. 315

MM J*

* xv^ X yJa • • •

" Winifred

tf

. 376
. 370

Crowson, William . .
Crump, James .

• • • •

366

Craighead, John .

295

" Richard .

185, 317

Mary . .

. 331

Salt.te S. . .

. 326

" Nancy P

380

tt

. 357
. 201

X ^ AiTt V^ X X • •

" Robert M,

. 318

Cruse, B^ancis . . .

" Solomon

. 326

Crutcher, John

. 298

" Susannah .

. 350

Samuel .

. 248

Crane, George W. .

246

CULBERTSON, ELIZABETH

165

" Joseph

. 238

" Joseph

. 817

" Mildred

. 284

CuLLEM, Ann

199

Cravens, Armon . .

. 207

Tilman

. 207

" Charles .

. 330

Cundiff, John . .

. 293

Crawford, John R. .

. 264

Polly . . .

. 279

" Rachel . .

294

" Richard .

. 251

" Sarah . .

. 272

" Sarah . . .

. 239

*i

. 255

" William . .

249

• ■

Crawlhty, Nancy

. 342

Cunningham, Abneb . .

. 161

Creech, John .

. 140

" Charles A.

. 201

Creed, Lucinda .

. 403

" Edward C.

. 200

" Nannette .

. 390

Elliott P.

411

Cresey, .

. 266

" Jonathon

. 396

Cress, Archibald ,

399

Oliver C.

411

" James

. 315

Thomas W.

. 200

" Thomas . .

366

Curd, Isaac

316

Creswell, James

. 320

Curry, Nancy

. 366

Jane . .

375

" William . .

319

Crews, Martha

. 374

CuBTLEY, Fannie

. 141

Criitenden, Sarah

. 176

Dabney, John . .

D
239 Darn. Mary ....

. 375

Sarah .

. 224

Darne, Margaret .

. 307

Dalton, Jane .

302

Darnell, Fielding C.

. 186

Dalzell, Lacretia

. 318

Jesse B. . .

. 186

Darby, Basil .

326

Darnes, Matilda

. 261

" Rebeccah

. 298

Darst, David .

145. 345

Susan . . .

. 269

" Elizabeth

. 370

Darn, Canan

. 375

" Nancy . . .

328

" Catharine .

. 375

Polly

. 370

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

537

Datsc

>N, Rebeccah .

. 136

Dazey, Louisa .

. 375

Daug]

HEBTY, Samuel .

. . 221

Millie

. . 375

f>

372

Deabing, Lydia V. . .

. 379

•

Davai

JLT, CaTHAHINE

. . 274

Polly .

. . 379

ft

Henry .

254, 281

Deaver, Ann C.

. 32S

»f

Virginia M.

. . 277

Deen, Elizabeth

. . 318

Davidson, Alexander .

253

DeHare, Adeline .

409

»t

Andrew

. . 146

DeJarnette, Mary .

. . 242

99

Jane

' . 409

Deminq, Louisa

. 208

»»

Martha

. . 285

Denney, Charles

. . 147

tff

Rachel .

263

Denton, Matilda

. 312

99

Virginia .

. . 198

Derano, Harrietts Moor

e . 208

f»

. 257

Deversia, Edward .

. 182

Davis

, Ann .

. . 308

Devine, Frank .

. . 294

9r

David D.
Elisha

345
. . 321

. 171
. . 262

*t

Dickerson, Martha .

tf

Elizabeth .

. 130

DiGGS, Frank .

316

99

Francis

. . 327

" Sarah

. . 261

f»

Garrett

. 324

" Simon

. 251

It

James

326, 353

DiLLARD, Isabella

. . 329

»»

Jane

369

" John ,

. 322

»»

Jane H. .
John

. . 369
252

It

. . 341
. 397

ft

•

Dingle, Edward

*»

JONATHON . .

. . 253

Dithmyer, Alfred

. . 163

f»

Joseph .

322

Dixon, Joseah . ,

. 319

99

Lewis . .

. . 147

" Rebeccah

. . 293

»•

Louis

209

" Winifred .

. 362

ft

LUCINDA .

. . 328

DoAN, Hezekiah J. M.

. . 396

t»

Lucy

312

Dodd,

368

It

Mary .

. . 352

DoDiER, Louise . .

. . 178

99

Mildred . .

. 376

DODSON, .

. 370

99

Milton V.

. . 326

Dolby, Joles

. . 153

ft

Nancy

. 185

Donahue, Stephen

. 338

t>

Narcissa .

. . 351

Don NELL, Elizabeth

. . 190

'ft

Pleasant

243

DoRSEY, Mary . .

. 141

ft

Patsey

. . 360

Doty, Rachel

. . 174

ft

Rebeccah

. 363

Dougherty, Charles .

. 327

ft

Richard . .

326, 327

Douglass, Benjamin

. . 272

ft

Robert .

346

" Elizabeth .

164

ft

Ruth .

. . 365

" George

. . 397

ft

Samuel . .

394

" Margaret .

395

ft

Susan

. . 36ff

Nancy . 329

395, 404

ff

Unitia .

. 277

" Robert . .

397

ff

. . 370

Douglas, Violet . .

. . 284

Dawlins, Frances

168

Downs, Elizabeth . .

. 148

Dawson, Eujah

. , 324

" Rebeccah

. . 216

ft

Eh^IZABETH

385

Doyle, Hannah

. 327

Day,

Jane

. . 222

DoziER, Amanda .

. . 323

ff

Lewis

404

" Zachariah

327

ff

Mary

. . 166

Drain, Theodore . .

. . 385

>f

Milley

. 327

Draper, Daniel

182

ff

Robert

. . 146

Drinkard, B'rank

. . 330

ff

Thomas .

. 324

Dbiskall, Dennis .

322

Dazey, Emilt

. . 374

Dbummond, James .

. . 146

538

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Dbummond, Polly .
Druby, James W.

" Lawson

" Martha Ann

" Mary L. .

" Susan B.
Dry, Catharine

" Margaret .
Dryden, David .
Dudley, Fannie .
Duff, Fanny
DuGAN, Sallie

Duley, James

Sarah .
Dulin, Thaddeus
Duncan, Anna B,
David .
" James

" Joseph

Bades, Martin L.
Ealey, Polly
Babl, Eliza

" William L.
Easley, Sarah
Easton, Rufus .

Eddings, Jane
Edmonds, Nancy
Edmonson,

Edwards, A. H.
" Ambrose

" EIlizabeth

" Henry

ElDBAM, James . .

Elbert, Mary J. .

Eley, Edwabd .

EjLledge, Joseph .
" Jacob .
" Margaret J

E<LLEB, .

Ellington, Daniel

Sarah .
Elliott, BtrRGEss

" Lucy .

Polly .

" William .

Ellis, Abraham .

" Benjamin .

" Charles .

" Elizabeth .

185
129
251
199
163
200
413
413
253
349
253
286
261
323
323
324
366
325
255, 380
255

Duncan, Joseph C.
" Louisa .

Nancy
" Roger .

DuNGAM, Jane
Dunham, Joseph
DuNLAP, Robert .

Dupley, .

DuRAN, Theotes .
Durfee, Jane A.
Thomas
DuTTON, John .

" Natley .
Dye, Mildred
Dyer, George

" John

" Samuel
Dyson, Alice .

" lucinda d.

E

294
321
178
179
302
149
333
141
239
307
193
148
219
224
280
188
329
329
398
401
168
392
245
352
246
137
267
327
256
209
137

Ellis, Malinda .
" Maria
" Martha
" Nancy .
" Sarah
" Stephen
" Susan
" William
Elsbury, Elizabeth

EIlton, .

Embree, Sally
Emerson, John

Nancy S.
Emmerson, Daniel

JiMMETT, SaBAH .

Emmons, Benjamin

Emory, .

Enert, Elbert
England, Barsheba

" Joseph
Engle, Sarah .
English, B. .
Ensaw, Sidney R. .
Epperson, Martha A
Estell, Benjamin .
EsTENs, James

" Mary .

ESTUS (EiSTES?) .

Eubank, Cynthia
" John

325
343

366
325
162
284
313
325
376
193
161
202
329
255
160
159, 299
147
324
274
328

323
376
277
209

226
134
137
290
256
203
148
374

323
149
376
374
280
280
256
384
189
147
259
256
328
269
379
410
398

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

539

EUBANKS,

Evans, Benjamin

" Elizabeth .

'• Millie .

" Nanct

" Rachel

" Robert

" Susan .

" Thebesa . .

392 EvEBHABT, Jacob

327
276
329
159
318
188
318
327
352

328

EvEESMAN, Henrietta . . 129
EvEBSON, ESlizabeth . . 282
Evert, Ann 179

EwiNG, Elizabeth
Patrick
Polly
Robert
rosettta

183, 309
145. 328. 366

305, 313

. . . 367

. . 360

Palkneb, Elizabeth
Fallice, Nellie

Thomas
Fabcett, BIdwabd
" Nancy .
Fabmer. Eva

Thomas
Farbis, William
Farbow, George
Farsdale, Maria
Farthing, William .
Faulkner, Martha
favecett, lucretia c.

Willis .
Felkniff, Kaziah
Ferguson, Elizabeth
" Frances A,

" Jane .
" John
" Joshua .

Mary . .
" William .

Febney, Charles E.
" Milton .

Febbell, Benjamin .
" hutchings
" Paulina .

Febbieb, Nathaniel
Ficklin, Fannie .

" Habbiett .

" Nicholas
Field, James

John H. .
Fields, B. A. .

" Jane . .

" Susan .
Fike, John .
Fines, Vincent . .

PiNLEY, DiCIE

. 319
190

. 161
. 398

. 399
279

. 329
. 282

. 258
. 224

. 259
389

. 172
. 161

. 293
295, 358

. 291

. 296
332
332
170
167
344
129
148
150
154
190
413
331
322
160
173
306
340
414
306
314
39S
210
339

FiNLEY, Elizabeth
" Maby .
" Thoda B. .
" Stephen
William C.

Fipps, Basbaba Stboup
" Susan
" William
Fish, Virginia .
F^shback, Hannah
Fisher, Ann B. R. .

" James D. .

" Jemima E. .

" Nancy A. .

" Rebeccah

" Solomon

" Susan .

" William

Fitzhuqh, Elizabeth
John .
Mary A.
" Richard

Sally
Fitzwateb, Mary .
Flaughebty, James
Fleet, Sabah .
Fletcher, John . .

Mary .
F^tohball, Ann
Flint, Timothy .

Flippin, .

Flobathey, Raphael
FoLEJY, Leah . .

" Elizabeth .
Fobbish, Mary
Ford, Calvin
" Catharine
•' Cassandra
" Elizabeth

240
259
392
260
242
376
274
260
258
398
189
328
366
240
367
242
259
321
331
. 393

320, 335
331
298
258
329
405

127. 151
166
372
372
298
150
158
140
247
289
146
259
385
337

240. 376

540

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

POBD, MabgabET

POBSHEA, CaTHABINE

FosTEB, Matilda .

" KiCHABD

FOUBT, AnDEEW
" MABOABEn^

Nancy .

FOWLEB, MaBOABET

" Nancy

" Sallie .

Fox, Polly . .

FoxwoBTHY, William

Fbancis, Lydia T. .

Fbanklin, Maby .
" Nancy

" Sabah

Fbanks,

Fbans, William .

Fbazieb, David .
" Maboabet

Fbeeland, Nelson
Fbeeman, John

384 Fbench, Enoch .

287 " Hugh

160 " John . .

304 " Maby

332 " Sallie A. .

348 " William

210 Fbeymuth, Fbank A.

216 " Maby

216 Frog, Peggy . .

356 Fruit, Hannah .

369 Fbuite, Enoch

324 Fby, Elizabeth , '

353 " Maby A. . .

330 Fuget, Hiram .

347 " JosiAH . .

. 395 " Louisiana

366, 394 Pltlkebson, Bathsheba

. 403 " Hannah .

367 " James .

184 " Mabgabet .

150 " Vibginia .

252 FuLKES, Maby A. .

343 F^GUA, Mabtha . .

257 Fugue, Elizabeth .

330 " Nancy . .

272

. 330
. 32»

246, 323

. 246
323, 329

. 329
176

. 159
. 167

. 134
246, 330

. 150
309

. 394

. 394

. 314

289

149, 256

. 225

305

. 365

. 226

337

. 336

O

Gaff, John . .
Gagnon, Ellen .
Gaines, Mabtha E.
Galbbaith, Anna
Galbbeath, Isabella

TOCAL

Galbbeth, Daniel .
" Elizabeth

•' James
" Mabgabet .

" Neal

" Sallie A.

" TOBCAI .

Gale, Maby .
Gallaheb, Thomas
Gallabby, Dicey
Gamache, August .
Gamble, Hamilton R.
Games, John .

" Sally S.
Gammon, Benjamin

" Sabah

Gantt, Josiah . .

" William . .
Oabdneb, Maby N. .

170
199
309
301
261
261
333
390
333
305
336
305, 313
333
309
169
299
179
139
337
322
262
222
398
399
407

Gabbett, Ann
" Richard

Sabah
" Stephen

" William

Gaevin, Alexander
" Mabgabet

Gatewood,

Gathbight, William

Gaty, Edna .
" Geoboe .
Lee . .

Gautkins, Eliza A.
" lucinda s

Gay, Maby . .

Gee, Nancy .

Gentby, David .

" jonathon g
" Nancy . .

Geobge, C. a. Sallee
" Fanny .
" Hannah
" Maby

269

. 291

393
153
165
129
299
335
169
151
169
160
140
374
326
260

. 279
132, 158

. 334
348
276
349
325

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

541

Geobce, Mildbed
" Rachel .

Gett,

GiBNEB, John

Gibson, Abchibald
" Cynthia
" Guion .
" John

Nancy
" Samuel
Sabah .

Gilbebt, Angeline
" Elizabeth
" Elizabeth M
" Kemcol C.

" LOUBENA

" Michael

" Nancy

" Samuel .

" Thomas ,

Gilcbease, Sabah .

GiLDEBLAND, ClABISSA
" WiNNEY .

Giles, .

GiLKEY, Thomas
Gill, John

" Rhoda

" Samuel

GiLLELAND, NaNCY

GiLLETT, James .
Gilliam, Judith .
GiLLis, Daniel
GiLLUM, Elizabeth
GiLLMOBE, Thomas

GiLMAN, CatHABINE

" William .
Gilmeb, John . .
Gilmobe, Jane .
Thomas

Gilpin, Elias . .
GiVENS, James .

" Rachel .
GizEB, Nancy . .

" Susan .
Olazebbook, Sally
Glenday, Anna .
Glendy, John

" Peteb .
Glenn, James

" Lucy A.
Gloss,

261
328
130
335
212
410
212
284
215
. 218
208, 218
354
276
354
295
311
334
287
337
354
354
332
190
206
243
211
152
272
261
180
247
171
324
209
402
183
311
335
398
372
335
317
414
152
197
224
185
335
202
333
165
262
239
394

Gloveb, Amy

" Anna

" David .

" Eleanob . .

" John P. .

" Matilda . .

" Mabtha

" Peteb

" Robebt .

GODFBEY, GeOBQE . .
GOE,

Goes, Elizabeth . .

Golden, Sabah . .

Goodbich, Benjamin .
Elijah .
" Gibson

" James

GoEDON, Louisa .

Maby . .
" Samuel H.

Gould,

Gbabenhobst, Fbedebick
Gbaham, Cathabine
John . .
" Robebt .
" William .
Gbanbebby, Rachel B
Gbant, Isbael
" Joseph I.
" Rosamond .
Gkantham, Joseph .
Gbaves, Peteb .
" Peyton .
" Thomas
" Wabben . .
Gbay, Alexandeb .
" Ann . . .
" Geobge
" James
" Jemima
" Joseph M.
" Maby . . .
" Polly . .
" Robebt .
•• Sabah F. . .
" William
Gbeen, James
" Sallie . .
" Sabah .

Gbeenup, Sabah
Gbeenwell, Clabissa
" Ignatius

375

. 375

. 248

. 256

260
. 336

336

. 356

. 335

. 262

251
. 373

217
. 334

188
. 317

349
. 331

241
. 325

271
. 177

147
333, 336

261
. 333

338

. 377

133, 333

. 334

381
, 153

163

. 261

. 211

. 211

335
. 345

259

298, 355

. 355

411
320, 364

247
. 212

403
. 351

151

. 268

. 185

. 399

304
. 347

129

542

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Gbeenwell, John

. . 263

Groom, Jacob

287

Gbegoby, Granville L.

. . 283

" Polly A. .

260

" Habbiet

. . 380

" Sally A.

337

R. P.

. . 364

" Sabah .

293

William

. . 336

" William . .

249

260

Gbesham, Nanct

. . 246

GbOSS, Ei^IZABETH . .

164

Gbiffith, Asa

. . 161

" Kitty . .

255

" Elizabeth

. . 319

Gboveb, Cathabine M.

254

" Gbeenbebbt

. . 245

Gbu, Hannah .

304

Mabt . .

176, 361

Gbub, Rachel

203

" Samuel

. . 152

Gudgell, Elizabeth

326

Gbiffin, Geoboe W.

. . 190

Polly . .

.

326

John . .

. . 190

GuEBDo, Evebett W.

225

" Sat.lie a. .

. . 317

Guebdon, Reuben

.

320

Gbioo, Obedience .

. . 242

Guebbant, Madalene

356

Gbioos, Elizabeth .

. . 412

GuiN, Elizabeth

.

362

" Louisa .

. . 159

GuiON, Louis . .

.

123

" Ruth A. . .

. . 219

Gully, Elizabeth .

412

" Sabah . .

. . 262

GuNN, Calvin

.

193

r»

. . 213

Celia . .

370

• •

If

. . 409

GuNrELL, Catharine .

.

307

■ •

Gbimes, Elizabeth .

. . 398

GuTHBiE, Frances A. .

148

Gbiswold, Pbeoebick .

. . 211

" Robert . .

. 152

159

Habvet .

. . 211

William .

385

" Susan . .
Gboom, Aabon .

. . 224
. . 239

t»

192

Hackney, Lucy

H
348 Hamilton, Fbedebick ,

•

290

Haden, Elizabeth .

. 269

" James

■• •

365

Hail, Sabah

. . 377

John . .

,

360

Hall, A

. . 352

John H. .

.

347

" Dobcas .

. . 250

Maby . 165, 305,

313

" Elizabeth . .

. 286, 402

Nancy .

. 301

406

" Fanny . .

. . 279

Sabah . .

351

" Habiette

. . 337

ft

• •

214

•

" James

. . 399

Hamlet, Sabah

272

" Jane . . .

. . 305

Hamlin, Elizabeth .

• •

377

" Lavinia .

. . 402

Emily . . .

377

" Polly . . .

. . 264

Obva

.

377

" Sallie T. . .

. . 150

Pebcy a. . .

377

" Susan S. C. .

. . 310

" Pieecy .

• •

303

" Sabah. . 173, 2

79, 318, 377

Hammond, Polly

272

" Sydney . .

. . 264

Thomas .

, ,

192

" William .

. 264,399

Hampton, Maby

409

" Willis

. . 306

Hance, Adam . .

• •

270

Ham, Jabez .

. . 265

Hancock, Benjamin

160

" Lucy . . .

. . 379

" Elizabeth

159,

399

" Stephen

. . 266

F. A. . .

295

Hamilton, Andbew .

. . 317

" Leonoba

, ,

241

" Anna . .

. . 394

Nancy . .

159

" Abchibald

. . 346

William .

• •

214

*• Elizabeth

. . 351

Hanfobo, Nancy

298

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

543

Hannob, John

. 339

Hathaway, Sarah

. 251

Hansford, Jane

247

Hatton, Polly A. .

. 369

Sanson, Mabia .

. 340

tt

Thomas

343

Hardin, Samuel .

375

'1

Zelpha .

. . 414

" William

. 372

Haverstakes, Henry .

. 154

»>

317

TJ A \]ErirT*-"'C! A XT1VT A

. . 294
275

• •
Harding, Alexander . .

» OX 1

. 267

Elizabeth

Jane . . .

345

ft

John .

. . 147

John L. . .

. 337

tf

Mary A. .

372

Maby . . .

. 337

tt

Mary J.

. . 316

Hardisteb, Kinsey .

. 398

tt

Nancy

316

Hardyshell, Winifred .

362

tt

Rebeccah .

. . 381

Harmon, ELifABETH .

. 393

>»

Sarah

249

Harnett, Louisa B.

126

tt

Sarah F. .

. . 165

LUEY . . .

. 127

tt

William A. .

. 159

Harper, Catharine
" Elizabeth ,

402
. 271

T-T A TTPTPT*''^'*'^'^'^

. . 372
. 191

XIA W 1 J

Hay, -

• • • •

John . . .

264

Hayden, Jane D.

. . 404

Louisa .

. 221

tt

Margaret .

147

" Nicholas

338, 348

tt

Russell

. . 158

" Samuel . .

. 179

tt

380

William . .

139, 221

Haynes, Collett .

. . 352

Harris, Caroline

. 158

t*

Matilda

352

" Elizabeth . .

408

Hays,

Boone . .

. . 343

" Isabella

. 269

Ellen

349

" James .

269

Jemimah .

. . 213

John . . .

. 280

Jeremiah

. 213

" Malinda .

. 348

John .

. . 291

Sarah T. .

. 190

Mahala ,

253

Susan . . .

348

Mary

. . 1255

Harrison, Abneb

. 343

McKenley .

. 242

Elizabeth J.

385

Sabah .

. . 307

" Grenade .

, 185

Susan

. 297

" James

. 392

William .

. . 344

" Margaret .

. 404

Heald

t • •

. . 163

" Micajah . .

338

Heard

, Mary T. . .

. 346

" Samuel .

. 358

Heath

, Elizabeth . .

. 375

Thomas

342, 358

Hedderson, Mary

. . 370

Harshey, John .

. 255

Heihm, Catharine . .

140

Hart, Hugh

290

Henderson, Alexander

339, 366

John . . . .

. 215

If

Elizabeth

288, 325

" Laura .

340

ft

Florence

. . 358

" Margaret .

. 339

tt

Jane .

. 377

» Nancy . . .

. 208

tf

John S. .

. . 365

" Nathaniel

. 215

If

Joseph

345

" Susan

377

It

Margaret .

345, 351

Haevey, Sarah .

. 206

»»

Mary R. .

. . 358

Haslip, Nancy V. . .

132

Hendricks, John .

. 159

" Robert .

. 268

Henley, Hazekiah .

. . 268

Hatcher, John .

. 158

Henrk

, Elizabeth . .

. 158

" Julia .

. 362

tt

Nancy

. . 158

Sally . .

. 354

tt

Samuel

. 267

Hatfield, Joseph

. 215

Hensley, Benjamin .

, . 267

Hathaway, Abigail

207

tt

Ellen

368

544

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Hensley, Samuel
Henson, Fbancis .
Henton, Jesse
Hepleb, Jacob .
Hebington, Rebecah
Hebndon, Dolly

" Jane .

Maby
Hebbefobd, Elizabeth

" Hawlet

Hebbing, Annie .

" Geobgb
Hebbon, Anna

" Geobge . .
Hesleb, Elizabeth .
Hewett, Julia A. ,

" Juliet .

•• KllTY . .

Hickebson, John . .

Rhoda
HicKLAND, Hannah .
Hickman, Cabolina.L.

" EZEKIEL .

" Geoboe

" John

" Lucy . .

Nancy .
Hicks, Elizabeth .
Higgenbotham, Moses

Thomas
Higgens, Maby .
Hightoweb, Maby
Hilbebt, Aloyseus Z
Jacob P.
" John . .
Hill, Fannie . .
" James .
" Mabia .
" Maby. .
" Nancy .

" RiCHABD

" Sabah .

" Susan .

" William
Hinds, Levi
HiNKSoN, Agnes . .
Hippenstall, Jeanetts
Julia U
" Rebbccah

Hibsh, Geobge
HiTT, Dinah . . .
HoABD, William . .
HoBBs, Nancy H. .
HoBSON, John . . .

267
399
269
399
398
314
391
268
374
375
411
344
273
372
330
266
271
271
269
305
. 293
180, 185
374
374
269
360
409
264
159
304
226
267
203
202
202
414
168
325
277
279
169
372
346
259
221
410
377
377
338

W.

HoBSON, Samuel

" Thomas . .

HocKADAY, Isaac
" James

" Mabtha .

HOCKETT, BlODIE .
HOGAN, CaTHABINE .

HoGUE, Hannah . .
HoLKEB, Maby .
HoLLADAY, Eliza
Holland, Eliza Eabl
John M. .
" Malinda
Maby . .
Peteb H. .
" Sabah

Thomas J.
HoLLAWAY, Jane . .
Nancy .

360
413
277
348

HoLLEY, Maby E. .

" WiNIFBED B. ,
HOLMAN, CaTHABINE F,

" Edwabd .
" Rosetta
Holmes, Eliza J.

" Mecha
Holt, Elizabeth .
" Hibam
" Jane
" Lucy E. .
" Pkice .
" Timothy .
Hook, Susannah

" Thomas
Hopkins, Amanda
" Chables
Lucy .
Maby E.
Nancy .
" Polly .
" Pbice .
" Sally .
William
Hopping, Sabah .
Hobiw, Killes .
HoBN, Jambs . .
Hobnbucklb, Devolia
" Devoba

" Eliza

" Rufus

" WnXLAM

HOBNE, CATHABINE
HOBTON, FRANCES . .

338
344
340
323
323
336
360
247
313
248
178
344
364
349
379
376
296

272
248
185
299
309
345
145
391
398
312
321
312
308
312
347
396
400
129
346
219

. 129
284, 386

. 206
270
206
214
224
346
399
378
326
350
378
346
396
276

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

545

HOSTETTEB, ISAAC

HosTLEB, Elizabeth
HoucK, Maby
HouF, Peteb
House, Maby .

" Mabtha a. ,
HovEY, Simon .

HOWABD, ChABLES

" cobnelitjs
" Cynthia
" David . .
" Maboabet
" Maby . .
" Nancy .
" Pebmelia .

Howe, Ephbaim .
Isaac P.
" Jane .
" Joseph .

Howell, Benjamin
" Fbancis
" John .
" Louis . .

" LUCINDA .

Nancy . ,
'• Newton .
Sally . .
Hubbabd, Sallie .
Maby . .
" Thomas

HuDNALL, Elizabeth
" Nancy .

" William .

Hin)SON, Elizabeth
" Oablano T.
" John

Nancy
" Susan .
Huffman, Geoboe .

Kate .
Huohabt, Maboabet
Hughes, E<lizabeth
" Elizabeth J
" James . .
John . .
" Mahaley
Maby J. .

163
162
186
378
341
283
337
259
264
213
406
216
320
378
369
320
309
308
318
345
140
172

134. 154
220
212
140
219
186
314
282
400
253
261
392
270
266
327
288
872
272
212
154
134
318
323
280

290, 213
215
130
398

Hughes, Nancy .

" Sallie .

" Sabah

" Thomas .
Hughlet, Nancy .
HuGHLiN, Nancy . .
HuLETT, Ann
Hume, Whxiam .
humphbey, joice .
Humphbeys, Isabella

" John .

" Sabah .

Hun, B^ank
Hunt, James . .
Paulina .
Polly . .
Sally

293
160
373
264
404
164

HUNTEB, AnDBEW

" Andebson

" Cathabink

" Eliza A.

" Elizabeth

" Ephbaim

" Mabli . .

" Mattie .

" PmrEB G.

" Nelson .... 249

" TOLESON ... 293

HuBDELL, Cynthia . . . 399

HuBST, Evelina . . . 271

Huss, Geoboe .... 280

HuTCHiNQS, Ann . . . 150

" Chabij:s . 154

" Chbistopheb . 180

•" LUCINDA . . . 180

" Malinda . . 219
Nancy . . .141

" PETEB ... 154

" Sally . . 150, 164

Hutchinson, Maboabet E. . 218

HuTSON, .... 407

HuTTON, .... 247

HuTTS, Michael .... 338

Hylton, Lea J 315

Hyton, Joseph .... 846

Nancy .... 821

. 126

338

. 373

269

263, 268

148

. 161

291

. 344

186

331. 393

346

. 319

. 203

. 259

294

. 366

. 333

. 408

213

263. 287

. 273

546

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Iman, Daniel

. 159

Irvine,

Jane

•

297

Ingram, GARRK-rr .

. 272

,»

Jared . . . .

•

216

" JONATHON .

. 272

f,

Magdalene .

•

180

Irvin, Jane ....
Irvine, Elizabeth

. 372
. 295

rr

339
316

Isbell

• • •

, Martha

•
•

Jackson, George W. .

J

. 158

Jernei

, Peter

161

Mart . . .

410

Jesse,

William M. . .

401

" Phoebe . .

. 344

Johns

, John J. . . .

161

202

Sarah A. . .

. 410

tt

Martha . .

316

WlTTTAM E.

. 147

Johnson, Arsissa

•

413

William J. .

347

>»

Caroline . .

293

" Zeckariah .

. 400

f*

Catharine

•

192

Jacobs, Catherine .

246

tt

Eli . . .

284

" John . . .

. 272

9t

Elizabeth . .

,

" Satt.y . . .

299

. . 152, 251

321

384

" Sophia , . .

. 241

tt

Elizabeth S.

351

Jains, Rachel . .

. 411

tt

EIlsie Ward .

.

240

James, Benjamin

. 216

tt

George W. .

160

EiLIZABETH . .

. 344

tt

Hannah .

,

184

Joshua . .

. 220

tt

James 0.

304

•• Levi . . .

. 303

>l

John W. . .

,

" Mart . . .

. 329

. . 160, 227,

305,

313

" Nanct . . .

. 248

tt

Jane

266,

290

Sali.te . . .

. 356

tt

Judith , .

•

240

" Walter T. . .

. 225

tt

Lizzie

^

240

" William . . .

. 225

tt

LuCT .

•

268

ri

250

tt

Margaret

•

188

• • •

Jameson, Elizabeth . .

. 38il

tt

Martha

•

208

Harris .

. 314

*f

Melissa . .

•

304

" James . .

345, 348

tt

Nanct J. . .

•

394

" Jane .

206

tt

Patset .

^

148

John . . .

. 247

tt

Sarah . 146,

203,

347

LUCT . . .

. 338

It

Strother . .

^

158

»f

. 407

tt

Susan .

■ ,

413

• • •

Jamison, Allen . .

218

tt

Taswell . .

,

397

" Elizabeth L.

. . 269

tt

Teresa

,

201

" Judith

. 227

Jones,

Agnes . . .

•

345

Januabt, .

. 264

America M. .

,

368

Jeeter, Jane

251

Cenia

,

373

Jeffebs, Rebeccah .

. 370

EUZA

224,

345

Jefferson, Buckner

343

Elizabeth . .

273,

329

" Thomas .

. 261

EUPHEMIA

•

238

Jenkins, Solomon . .

. 192

EZEKIEL

,

272

»9

. 405
. 294

Giles . . . .
Grace .

216

Jennett, Delphi

•

314

Jennings, Nanct P. .

. 403

Henbt

•

216

Jerman, Mart .

393

John ....

•

348

Jernet, James

. 151

Judith

•

246

" Joseph . .

. 161

Martha

260.

346

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

547

Jones, Mabt . .

. . . 332

Jones, Robert .

344

Mabt T. . .

. . 346

Sandy . . .

. . 248

" Milton

. . .373

" Sarah .

246

" Minerva . .

. . 402

" Thomas .

. . 323

Omon . .

. . . 335

William . .

348

" Rebeccah

. . 374

Wiixiam R. .

. . 273

" Richard .

. . . 273

Judge, James .

181

Kabt.kr, Nicholas C

K

, 217 Kkrney, .

. . 131

KahALE, Kl'lTDRA .

. . 206

Kerr, Nancy .

369

Keeble, Richard B.

. . .170

" William

. . 276

Keefauvee, Nicholas

1 . . 256

Ketchersides, .

218

Keeler, Magdalene

. . . 137

Kettbay, Charlotte .

. 166

Keithet,

. . 221

Key, George

360

Keishler. Frederick

. . .174

" Jebusha

. 349

Keithley, Absalom

. . 140

Kibbe, Alfred .

343

" Daniel

. . .162

" Harriet .

. 241

•• Jacob .

. . 162

KiCLER, Jacob .

163

" John .

. . . 162

KinwEiT^ Zedekiah .

. 349

" Joseph .

. . 162

ff

261

•* Nathan

. . . 221

Kile, George A,

. 163

" Samuel .

. . 162

KiLGOBE, Cordelia .

412

Keller, John A. .

. . . 194

ICHAM

. 402

Kelley, James . .

. . 34»

" John . .

. 412

" Malinda B.

. . 323

John H. . .

. 401

" Sallie . .

. . 375

" Jonathon . .

401

" Sarah W.

. . 310

" Pexmrt.ia .

. 401

Kellogg, Sallie

. . 222

KiMBROUGH, Sallie . .

379

Kelso, Edward R.

. . 210

KiNCAiDE, Dorcas

. 314

Jane . .

. . 358

" Margaret

lf6

John . .

. . . 376

King, Ann . . . .

. 308

Kemp, Elizabeth

. . 334

" Barbara . .

268

" John .

. . 349

" Carolina W. . .

. 272

Kemper, Lettie . .

. . 318

" Euzabeth

327

TiLMAN . .

. . 350

" George . . . .

. 329

Kendall, Lucinda T.

. . 262

" Isaac

274, 276

Kendbick, Jane .

. . 260

" John ....

220. 283

" Rebeccah

. . 268

" Joseph . .

227

Kennerly, Elizabeth

. . 287

" Salue . . . .

. 219

Kennedy, Catherine

. . 167

" Stephen . .

310

" Eleanor .

. . 208

" William B, . .

. 223

" Frances .

. . 372

Kinnear, Margaret

203

" James . .

. . 220

KiRKPATRicK, Nancy

. 368

John

. . 217

Kitchen, Thomas

349

" Pleasant

. . .186

Kite, Kittt . . . .

. 221

Tabitha .

. . 212

'• Martin .

218

" Thomas .

. . 212

Kitzmiller, John

. 256

Kenneb, Rodman .

160, 163

Maithn

255

Kennon, John

. . 350

•• Mary

. 256

Martha .

. . 350

" Rachel .

266

Kent, Isaac .

. 218, 219

KiZER, John . . . .

. 248

Kebrer, Maria R. .

. . 173

Knight, James . .

250

548

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Knott, David .
Knox, David
'• William

199 KouNTZ, Felix .
274 Kbight, Nanct
246 Ktlb, Mabt

212
392
390

Lackland, James C,
La Ceoix, Lucien
Lact, Elizabeth
Thomas H,
Lafobd, Gasoline
Lail, Elizabeth
" John

" LUCINDA .

" Maby S. .
Lamb, Fannie .
Lamme, Missouri
" Sesena .

" WiLLL&M T,

Zabina
Lampkin, Hannah
Landebs, William

Landbum,

Lane, Fielding .

" LtJCY .

Lanofobd, Mabtha
" Pabbish

Langlet, Euzabeth
" Moses
Polly .
Thomas W,
" William
Lanotbye, William
Lanieb, Lavenda .
Lapping, John . .
Labch, John . .
Labbimobe, Abbaham
" James

Lattbaille,

Laughlan, Ellen
Lawleb, Henby . .
Lawbence, David
" James M,

" Sally

Lawson, Henby
Leach, Elizabeth

" John
Leaby, Dobothea
" Benjamin
Leavell, Edwabd
Jane W.
Julia A.
Ledgeb, St. Claib .

166
199
127
127
320
317
362
317
304
216
209
157
219
220
367
265
267
398
352
409
209
219
384
362
384
360
352
351
148
273
351
352
255
178
353
170
351
353
219
276
283
276
262
283
276
207
293
400

Lee, Catharine
" Elizabeth
" Sabah M.

Leepeb, James

" Thomas
Leet, Sally .

Leitchwobth, Rebeccah
Lenox, Melinda

Nancy .
Levaugh, Abraham
Lewellyn, Jacob
Lewis, Aesop

Avis . .
" Chables .
" Commodore
Edward S.
" Edwin
" John
" Joseph .
" Maria Bell
Mary . .
Mary A.
Nancy .
Sally .
LiLES, Ann .
" Elizabeth
Hugh . .

Linberger,

Lindsay, Thomas
" William
LiNGELL, Nancy .
LiNTZ, John K.
LiNViLLE, Lizzie .

LiNNVILLE,

Litton, John
Livingston, Thomas
Lock, Mary E. .
Lockridoe, James .

lockwood,

Logan, Ella .

" Harriet .

Hugh .

" Huldah

" Mary A.

Maby J.

283
248
383
327
361
219
356
336
362
264
330
402
277
276
167
272
276
169
276
167

164, 166
165
269
191

242, 264
279
220
213
220
296

153, 165
164
306
194
349
377
348
218
380
402
317
198

133,

203
164, 277
129
295
242

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

549

LoiD, Nancy . .
Long, Catharine

" Habbiet B.

" isabeixa .

" Lawrence .

" Mabgabet .

" Rachel

" Sallie

" Samuel
Lorain, .

LORTON, RebECCAH

Loudon, Elizabeth
Love, Charles

" James

" Jane .

" Martha J.

" S. T. . .

Lovelace, Sallt

325 Low, Charity
256 " Keziah .

323 LoYCE, Willis

173 LoYD, William .

. 219 Lucas, Fbanois .
141, 351 " Mabtha

. 155 Luck, Maby .

400 LUCKETT, J. C. .

255 " Robebt P,

178 " Susan

392 " Thomas

380 LuPER, Florence
352 " Isabella .

186 Lusby, Thomas

195 Lutbell, Malinda

362 Lyle, Elizabeth
413 " Mary . .

273 " Sallie

394 Lynes, Joseph

311 Lysle, Sophia .

138
394

281
277
332
147
345
1?4
169
129
164
364
364
167
327
185
325
218
353
377

Maars, Mary . .
Mabbey, Cornelius
Mackay, Julia .
Mackennon,

Mackey, James ,
Maddox, Elizabeth
Nancy .
" Salue .
" Sarah .
" Sherwood
" Stephen .
Magruder, Henrietta
Mahan, Jane . •
Mahoney, Kate
Maibe, Nancy
Majob, Elizabeth .
Malinq, Elizabeth
Mallebson, Amy
" Cynthia

" Elijah

" Thomas

Malloby, Lucy . .
Mann, Maby . .
Manning, Stephen
Mansfield, Robebt
Mabion, Elizabeth .

Mabmaduke, John ,
" Maby Ann

Marshall, Campbell
" Thomas J,

M

226 Marshall, Unity L.

280 Martein, Abbam .

343 Mabtin, Caleb .

320 " Elizabeth .

173 " George .

319 " James . .

325 " Jane . .

251 " John . .

262 " John C. .

358 " John P. .

243 " Lucy D. .

170 '• Margaret V.

165 •• Nancy .

213 " Olive . .

306 " Parmelia

374 " Pebmelia ,

170 " Rachel .

153 " Samuel P. .

183 " Sally . .

183 •• Sabah . ,

173 " William H.

370 " WiLLiAM R.

. 335 Mabtineau, Mabtha

298, 356 Mabtins, Polly . .

. 406 Mason, Maby

303 " William M.

193 Massey, Elizabeth

271 " John . .

381 " Nancy .

220 " Thomas .

224 " . .

215
361
398
224, 317, 374
. . 353
152, 220
. 359, 361
321
403
354
352
348
405
148
313
303
312
382
383
378
398
382
178
366
212
188
409
182
203
279
258, 278

550

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Matthews, EJdmond P. .

130

Miller, Sallie . .

373

" EUZABETH .

307

371

Sally D. .

• •

359

" Mabtha

190

" Samuel .

344

359

Polly

391

" Stephen .

.

359

" St. James .

215

" Susan . .

161

Mattison, Anna . .

129

" William .

358, 359

Maughs, Nathaniel

281

" William R. .

.

177

" ViBOINIA .

Maupin, Anna , .

255

, 277
395

f»

356

877

n

• •

• •

" Bebnard B. .

269

Millington, Ira

175

" Gabriel

247

" Jerry .

• •

175

'• Patset .

269

Seth . .

175

" Sabah . ,

247

Millroy, Susan .

.

370

Maubey, Matilda H.

152

Mills, Emily .

340

Maxey, Esther

" 207,

349

MiLLSAP, Christopher

,

298

" Jacob

291

" Sylvester . .

298

Maxwell, Samuel .

199

Mitchell, Elizabeth

,

317

May, Elizabeth . .

384

" . John . .

182

" Pbankie .

" Habey . . .

384
356

,r

307
173

Mittleberger, John C. .

■ , *

" Rachel

126

" Maria .

• •

183

Maycock, Samuel

321

MoFFiT, Thomas

210

Meanes, David H. .

139

Money, Cautious . .

•

179

Maby . .

139

Monroe, Nancy . .

329

Mechatt,

188

Montague, Martha V.

♦

150

Medley, Elizabeth .

411

Montgomery, E^bn

170

" Fbankie .
Meek, Polly

374
183

f.

372
162

172,

MooLER, Mary .

•

Meigs, Malinda

406

MooNE, Elizabeth

» •

400

Mennefee, Babbaba .

272

MooRE, Dorcas . .

385

Mebideth, Lavinia .

131

" Elizabeth

,

311

Metcalf, Elizabeth .

273

•' Habbiet . .

208

" James

352

" HOBACE

,

171

Lydia . . .

372

" James .

282

William . .

273

" Jane ,

•

213

Meteeb, William

356

" John .

167,

360

Meyebs, Maby B. .

190

" Mabgabet . .

.

128

MiDDLETON, Sabah

249

Nancy . . .

317

MiEUB, Jerby

380

" Rhoda

*

287

Phoebe

380

" Samuel . .

380

Milleb, Abneb . .

356

Thomas . .

184,

340

Ann . . . .

150

William

356

Anna . . .

184

" Zachabiah

•

171

" Cathabine .

399

Moorman, Edward . .

207

" Elizabeth

337,

373

Jane . . .

^

303

Fanny . . .

173

Moran, Lucena J. . .

259

" Fleming

176

Morgan, Mordecai

•

221

HiBAM G. . .
" Jane .

404
359

„

372
206

Morris, Henry

John . . . .

358

" Isabella .

155

" Mabtha

356

" Joshua .

,

281

Maby . . .

289,

353

Louisa E. . .

358

Rebeccah V. G.

373

" LUCINDA . .

,

272

Robert .

•

176

Rhoda M. . .

287

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

551

MoBBis, Samuel .
•" Sabah a.
Morrison, Elizabeth

" Emma A.

" Fbize .

" James .

vESSE •

" Rachel .

MoBBOw, Daniel .
" Fannie
" James G.

John B. .

Maby .

MOSBY,

Mosebey, Mabtha .
Mosely, Arthur
Druby .
" John .
MosELEY, Elizabeth
Lou . .
Sarah .
Mosley, Elizabeth .
" James S.
" Patsey
" Virginia

Moss, Frederick .
MoxLEY, Handy

Sarah .
" Thomas .
Mulberry, Elizabeth

. 281
324

. 339
193

. 143
175

. 175
. 290

. 279
264

. 392
264, 392

. 362

. 334
390
356
355
356
379
375
370
348
348
335
239
337
360
330
316
330
326

Mullens, Celia
MuLLiNS, Polly .
" William
MuNDAY, Wade
MuNDY, Samuel

Murdoch, James

Mary .
Mure, Bell .
Murphy, Ann

" Augustus H
Celia .
Ellen
" John .
" Justice .
" Margaret
" Mary .
Polly .
Murray, Judith
" Nancy .
" Robert

Samuel F.
" William .
Muschaney, John B
Musick, George

Jane .
Myers, Drury .
" Libbie

Mary . .
" Paulina H.

YOSTI .

126
414
414
136
403
376
167
402
330
312
355
408
199
170
320
302
395
402
315
360
355
192
403
171
405
398
403
284
390
294
403

Mc

McDaniel, Margaret A
" Mildred

" Phoebe A.

" William

McDearmon, James R.

McDermid, Frank .
Ruth C. .

McDonald, Archibald
" George .

" Joseph .

" Louis .

Nancy .

McDonnell, Virginia

McDuRMiD, .

McElhiney, William G.

McFarland, Daniel .
" Elizabeth .

" Joseph

" Robert

. 272

321
. 394

282
. 169

140
. 208-

209
. 176

402
179, 360

182
. 407
. 224

207

168
. 189

260

249, 279

. 287

McFarland, Sally
McFarlane, George
McGary, Catharine .
Hugh H. .

" Nancy , .
McGarvey, Hattie .
McGarvin, Catharine

" James .

McGee, Mary

Sarah D.

McGeorqe, Francis
McGhee, Epsey

John .

Mary H. .
McGill, Matthew
McGirk, Matthew
McGiNNis, Erasmus
" John

249
357
321
360
346
221
256
279
261
413
411
390
266
241
281
290
353
297
242
279

552

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

McGlNNis, Maby
McGlathlan,

McGowAN, Henbt

McGbindeb, Mabt a.

McGuiBE, Michael

McIntibe, Cathabine
" Chables

" Daniel .

Lucy .
" Nancy

" William

McIntosh, Loyd
" Robebt

McKay, Elizabeth .
" Patbick .

McKee, Jane

McKinney, Celeste C

" Easteb Li.

" James

" John .

'* Maby
»

McKinzey, Caboline
McKnight, Addison
David

" POSTEB .

" Matilda

McLane, Hobtense ,

Nally, Daniel
Nasoal, William
Nash, Iba

Nancy .

" William
Natt, William B.

Natton,

Nave, Katy
Naylob, Jane

John .
Neal, Abthub

" Henby .

" Joseph

" Robebt .
Neil, Belinda

" Cathabine

" Jebby H.

" Rebeccah
Nethebton, Nancy
Nettle, Maboabet H
Nevell, Maby
Nevens, Elizabeth

280
287
172
332
199
324
343
404
359
358
402
402
154
403
168
358
199
322
354
220
209
351
218
165
183
152
152
354
372

McLaughlan, Celia C.

McLoOKING, .

McLung, Sallie .
McMahan, John .

" Mabtha .

" Sophia .

McMahon, John . .
McMichel, Josephine

" Mabtha .

McMuLLEN, Madison
McMuLLiN, Elizabeth H
McMuBTBY, Seeena H. .

" William .

McNaib, David
McNonone, James .
McPheetebs, Alexandeb
" James

" Theophiltjs

McQueen, Elizabeth

McRay, Nancy .

McRobebts, Fanny .
" John

" Julia A.

" Medoba

McRuNNELS, Samuel

McWilliams, Chables V.

N

. 377 Nevens, Nancy .

319 Nevins, John .

. 185 Newell, Sally

345 Newton, Amy .
. 362 Nichols, Eliza .

139 " Eveuna

. 259 " Felix G.

206 " Gabbett .

. 139 " John .

139 " Joseph

. 332 " Maby .

332 " Polly

. 362 " .

346 Nobthcutt, John
. 328 NoBVAL, Mabia

290 Now^ELL, Elizabeth

. 290 NowLiN, James .

150 NuiB, Cynthia A. ,

, 209 " LUCINDA

259 NuNNELLY, Elizabeth

. 405 " Gbanville

846 " Maby

81»
319
336
362
325, 353
325
356
283
370
369
351
392
316
217
381
175
147
357
175
175
140
139
398
164
203
190
136
329
411

320
362
329
173
320
380
369
378
362
176
386
377

221
224
303
282
378
378
337
283
267

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

553

NUNNELLT, PeTEB .

" Sabah .

" Susan

•• Thomas

283 NusoM, Robert

275 NusuM, Henby
337 " John

277

189
366
362

0

Oaks, Pbeslet T.
O'Bbien, John .

Mabt .
OcKAMAN, Mabt
Odell, Elizabeth
Oden, Jacob

" John .

" Nancy
Odin, Polly .
Offutt, Elizabeth H
" Lizzie

OODEN, EhjZABETH

" MabyJ. .
Oglesby, Elizabeth

" Mahala
Oldham, Susan
Oley, Julia R.
Oliveb, Cathabine

" Daniel

" Elizabeth .

" James

" Mabtellus ,
Nancy .
Onan, Dennis .

Pace, Jane
Padgett, Maby .
Page, Elizabeth M.
Pallabdie, Piebbe .
Palmeb, Anthony C
David . .
Hibam .

•' Lucind
Pardon, John
Pabham, Benjamin
Pabk, Sabah .
Parker, Ellen .

" Polly A.

" Sally . .
Parkinson, William
Parks, Comfort E.
Parnell, Sallie .
Parton, George
Pabrish, Susan .
Pabsons, Cunningham

206
200
221
336
302
210
283
210
206
310
281
360
397
194
192
375
284
337
312
356
364
273
300
129

251
310
371
181
127
365
247
366
413
179
285
379
401
260
218
329
345
189
296
208

Obeab, N. C. . .
Obgan, Sabah S.
Obb, Jesse
Obbick, Fbances
" John

Lucy A. .
OsTicK, Maby
Oveball, John .
" Louisiana
Wilson .
" Wilson L.

OVEBFELT, AlETHA

" Matthias

OvEBTON, Ann B.
Nancy .
" Reuben
Sabah J.
Owens, Susan

Owing s,

•

Oeobge .

ft

James .

*i

James M.

Owsley,

Polly .

Parsons

, Louisa

Pate, Mabion

Patterson, Agnes

*>

David

Patton,

Jacob .

t>

James .

tt

Rebeccah

rt

Rhoda .

*9

Thomas

tt

Violet .

tf

Paul, Fanny
Payne, Lauba

Maby .
Peabce, Gideon .
Peable, Joel

" Martha A.
" Patience

Polly
" Sallie A.

177

. 184

152

. 273

176

177, 194

170

. 262

170

. 127

. 152

. 176

. 408

364

. 317

. 375

. 382

316

. 338

162

. 221

. 272

. 213

. 286

272
404
379

309
284

306
805
284

212, 328

309
338
179
225
224
226
225
286

554

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Peable, William .
Peabson, Stephen .
Peck, Susan .
Peebles, William .
Peece, Maboabet . .
Peeby, James .
Peobam, Daniel .
Pembebton, Elizabeth
" Geoboe

Sally .
Pendleton, Anna .
" Fannie .

Lucy J.
Penn, Amanda

" e4lizabeth
Pennington, James .

Maby
Pebkett, Susan
Pebkins, Aones .
Eli H. .
" Elizabeth

" ViBGINIA M

Pebby, Geobge
Pebsau, Joseph .
" Mabtha p.
" William S.
Petebs, Chables
Petley, Joseph .
Pettis, William G.
Petty, Lucinda .

Maby A. .
Pevebly, Magdalene
" Peteb . .
Pew, Jane

" Peggy . .
" Reuben
" Reuben C.
Peyton, Lobinda ,
Phillips, Chabity .
" Daniel

Jenkins .
John .
Rachel E,

If

w
n

Phoenix, Polly
Pitman, Ibvine S.

Pitneb, Maboabet
PiTTMAN, David K.
Maby .
Pitts, Hannah

Susan R. S.
Pitzeb, James .

" Robebt
Pleasants, Edwabd

E.

286
408
331
154
362
407
283
303
366
190
126
127
217
127
308
225
150
129
291
182
349
291
285
178
179
178
365
406
175
365
259
249
284
332
332
227, 299
284
412
335
319
203
364
203
319
227
297
179
152
159
276
184
210
297
180
221

Pledge, William
Plummeb, Mabtha

Plunkett,

PoAouE, Elizabeth
Poindexteb, Joseph .
" Mabcellus

Polk, . .

Pool, Maby
PooB, Maby
Post, Eliza.
Potteb,

Potts, Maby

Nancy C. . .
" Sabah
PouBciLLiE, Joseph ,
Powell, Alfbed

" Elizabeth .
" Fannie
" Jonathon
" Ludlow

Nancy . .
" Thomas .
" William
William G.
powebs, dulcinea

" Jane .
Pbatt, Elizabeth
" Gabbet .
" Thomas . .
" William
Pbeston, John

MabyW. .
Paulina C.
William C.
Pbice, Alonzo
Anna C.
" Fbedebick
" Lemuel . .
" Malinda .
" Mike
" Miles .
" Nancy .
" Sallie . .
" Samuel .
Pbince, Sabah
Pbingle, Nobman .
Pbiob, Elizabeth
Pbitchett, Hannah

" Henby

Pboctob, Benjamin
" John
" William
Pboffit, Susannah
PuLis, John
PuLLiAM, Nancy . .

364
312
407
130
286
. 217
285
392
133
185
328
408
411
342
179
401
237, 324
304
366
188
318
408
398
286
259
358
339
220
222
365
222
219
189
139
262
264
134
222
391
180
283
392
309
364
329
222
206
329
224
273
146
281
412
407
162

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

555

QciCK, Elizabeth
'.' Jacob
" Rhoda

Q

278 Quick, Sallie .
287 " Sabah

279 " William

261
241

Raffebty, Polly
Raley, Alice . .
Rallston, Maegaret
Ramsey, Esther .

" Hannah .
India .

" Jane .

" John

" Jonathon

" Polly Meek
Sally D. M.

" William
Randolf, Eliza.

Jane W.
Mary

" Obediah

" Peter .

" Robebt

Rainfbo, Pauuna
Rallef, Susan .
Ramer, Elizabeth
Range, Louisa .

Rankin, .

Rapp, Esther .
Ratakin, Ann Eliza
Ratclitf, Atha
Ratekin, John . .
Rattsburn, Joseph
Rawlings, Eliza.

" Elizabeth

Ray, Benjamin D.
Raybobn, Margaret
Raymond, Eveline

Read, Alexander

" Elizabeth
Maby . .

" Polly Chick

" Robebt
Redman, George W.
" Martha W
Redmon, Polly .
Reed, Maria .

" Mary . .

" Priscilla .

" TOLIVEB .

295
129
308
310
355
335
269
172
367
155
369
183
321
248
327
368
148
327
369
339
391
255
265
309
328
173
366, 375
225
378
383
409
392
263
182
316
302
309
316
309
184
369
402
359
266
282
407

Reed, Zackariah
Reeds, Gabriel .

" Jalee .
Reid, Nathaniel
Rengo, Henry
Reno, Baylis
" Elizabeth ,
Feancis .
Reynolds, Anna .
" Edetha

John .
" Mabtha

" Rebeccah

Sabah
Thomas
" Wiley

" William

Rice, Amanda
" Anna .
" Hannah .
" Maria .
" Sallie
" Schuyler .
" Shelton .
" Walter .
" William B.
Richabdson, Polly
" Sabah

RicHEY, John
Riddle, Sally
Ridden, Sally •
Ridgeway, Mabtha
Mary

" NiNNIAN

" William
RiGGS, Hannah
" Jonathon
" Maby .
Riley, John

Maby .
RippEY, Fannie ,

" Sallie
Ripley, Richard
Rives, Polly .
RoBBiNs, Miranda

408
242
348
166
179
327
363
368
320
282
409
320
360
414
410
406
368
320
288
389
291
218
209
368
168
288
362
379
359
183
861
369
404
376
369
314
162
182
294
367
411
899
899
248
882
178

556

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

ROBBINS, PbOSPECT K.
ROBEBTS, MaBT .

Mabt a, .

" ROBEBT

William . 129
RoBEBTSON, Benjamin .

" Jane . .

Robinson, Aqnes

" Alonzo

" Andbew . .

" Anna . .

" DOBCAS . .

" DOBOTHT .

" Elizabeth .

" Feminine .

" Geoboe .

" Henbt

" Isaac

" Jane .

" John

" Mabia

" Mabtha .

" Mabt . .

" Nancy .

" Pesmelia .
Rochester, Emily .

ROCKAFELLOW, PeTEB .
RODOEBS, ChABLBS .

" James .
Rodman, Sallie

WTOXIAM .

Roley, .

. 183

198
. 317

153
161, 255

369
. 367

379
. 149

368
. 333

355
. 180

252
. 318

324
. 367

151
. 309

276
. 173

152

. 259

. 337

. 344

146
. 287

408
. 289

325

. 351

. 147

Rollins, Thaddeus
Root, Maboabet
RoPEB, Maby . .
Rose, Geobge
Ross, Lawbence .
" Mabion
" Pbesley
" Stapleigh
" William

Roth, Babbaba .
Row, Maby . .
Rowan, Maboabet
Rowland, Babbaba

" Joseph .

" Tennie

Roy,

Royston, Thomas .
Rudy, Babbaba .
RtJGQLEs, Benjamin
Rule, Polly . .
Russell, Elizabeth

" James .
Maby . .

" Robebt .

" Sallie H.
Sabah C.

Rust, Habbiet
Rutqebs, Aabon
Ryan, Geobge M.
Rybolt, Peggy .

183
222
159
409
189
224
224
150
189
188
371
398
217
162
163
162
405
215
320
218

. 359
256, 353

. 353
412
287
312
226
409
267
183
147
134

Sabaston, Behetleb

Sallee, C. a.
'• Edwabd
" Frances
" Lucinda J.
" Rhoda .

Sampson, Hugh

Samuels, .

Sandebs, Chbistopheb
" Lucy
Maby

Sanfobd, Babbaba

Safington, Riohabd

SaBIE, I3ULALIE

Saucieb, Anna . .

Savoy, Mabie L.
Sayebs, John T.
Sayleb, Sallt .

8

307 Saylob, Emanuel . . .291

. 348 " Maby A. . . . 291

356 " Phoebe . . . . 264

. 397 Scale, Evans B. . . . 291

293 Scales, Maby .... 184

. 275 Schofield, Elizabeth . . 352

374 ScHOLL, Gasoline . . . 304

. 246 " Emily A. . . 305, 313

289 " Elizabeth M. . . 337

. 190 " Eveline ... 283

324, 392 " Isabella . . .337

. 394 " Louisa ... 304

243 " Lydia .... 843

. 181 " Maby .... 337

312 " MiNEBVA . . .344

. 175 " William ... 372

178 Scott, Amanda . . . • 805

. 373 " Angeline . . . 861

. 249 " Ann 398

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

557

Scott, Caroline

" Fanny . .

" Felix .

" Jane . .

" John .

" LrcY . .

" Maby a. ,

" Matthew

" Nancy .

" Polly A. ,

" Preston B.

" Reuben

" Sarah

" Saybbook

" William

134,

Scruggs, Maby J.

" Sarah •

See, Adam .

" Elizabeth .

" John . .
Seeton, Mary
Selby, John

" Joseph
Sellers, Mary .
Senate, Susan
Setieb, Enoch .
Shacklefobd, Margaret
" Nancy

" William G.

Shannon, Alice

Jane .
Shabp, Antoinette

" Atossa

" Isabella

" Obientha

" Thomas

Shaw, James .
Jane . .
" Samuel .
Sheets, David
Shelby, Cathabine W,

" Singleton
Shelley, Elizabeth

John .
Shelob, Nancy . .
Shelton, Celie .
J. B. . .
" James .
" Mabtha .

Mary M.
" Matilda
" Peteb •

341
. 167
140, 186
248, 281
165, 371
. 299
308
391
409
371
197
371
226
. 375
372, 377
. 367
378
127, 379
290
223
294
251
374
374
311
154
280
281
249
288
331
309
394
223
283
348
289
192, 283
182
182
187
372
347
320
183
162
286
282
256
184
192
126
206
299

Shelton,

Shely, John . .
Shbppabd, Chables
Sherman, David . ,
Shields, Devola

" Ellen .
Mary . .

" Susan .
Shiley, Polly .
Shipper, Polly .
Shirtbidoe, Paulina J
Shobe, Daniel
" Rebeccah
" Mahala
Shock, Henby .
Shobtbidge, Cathabine
Shuck, Maby
Shbumb, Jacob .
John . .

" Nicholas .
Shue, Michael . .
Sibley, Geobge C.

" Julia .
sidebottom, elizabeth
SiGLER, Jacob
Sigebson, Laura . .

SiMCO, .

Simons, Susan

Simmons, Susan
simms, lucbetia
Mary . .
" Randall
" Susan R.

Simpson, Anna
" Dorcas

Henry .
James .
Louisa . .

TiLLIE C.

William H.

238, 339

SiNCo, Lucy . .

Singer, Polly .

Singleton, Spiers

SiTTEN, Anna G.
" Elizabeth
" Joseph .

Sitter, Diana
" Lawrence
" Phillip .

Polly .
" Saloma .

H

392
375
161
222
323
333
333
227
410
272
302
207
211
211
410
340
150
210
212
210
173
149
281
280
271
170
176
185
176
412
314
400
313

. 210
211, 329

. 306
306

. 126
223, 306

. 329
349

. 220
371, 380

. 345
305
291
360

. 218
357, 373

. 212
212
212
212
212

558

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

SiTTEBS, Israel

•

•

227

Smith, . 183, 185

285, 293

SiTTON, Ellen

• •

•

247

Smither, Lucy . .

264

»»

Lydia ,

•

,

275

Snedicob, Chbistopheb

. . 376

f»

Nancy .

,

140,

159

Snell, John

371

fr

Susan . ,

,

a

299

Julia . .

. . 350

Skilleb, Nancy .

,

•

307

Maby . . .

319, 339

Skinneb, Anna . .

•

,

213

Nancy . .

. . 374

rt

John

•

,

222

Witmam . .

. 364

Slaole, Elizabeth .

•

•

201

Snelley, William

. . 394

Slateb,

,

,

270

Snethen, Abbaham

292

Slavens, Ibby .

,

,

289

" Caboline .

. . 274

t*

William S

•

,

294

Eliza . .

. 246

Slocum, Cynthia .

,

•

396

John . .

. . 192

ft

Joseph .

•

,

411

N. B. . .

275

ff»

Malinda .

,

,

401

Polly . .

. . 249

Slonce, .

,

,

227

" Pbudence N.

246

Smart, EJlizabeth .

•

,

283

SoiZEs, Maby

. . 141

»f

John .

,

,

375

Sparks, Elizabeth

133, 352

tt

"M klLT

366

tt

. . 209
159

tt

Susan

•

•

346

Speabs, Susan A. .

Smelzeb, Susan

•

,

161

Speed, Anna .

. . 324

Smiley, Cathabinb

, ,

,

148

Dinah . . .

324

Smith, A. P.

.

•

348

Speebs, John . .

. . 130

f»

Ann . .

•

126,

224

Spenceb, Anna . .

. 279

»f

Anna S.

,

,

391

" Babnabd

. . 409

Cathabine

,

•

411

" Geobge

. 187

Chbistiana .

•

,

151

" Mabtha

. 203

Edwabo .
Elizabeth 145

164
329

377
376

9t

212
. 352

29g

Spiebs, John .

t»

Elizabeth M.

,

,

180

Spby, Enoch

. 295

Frances . .

•

•

372

Squibes, Kitty .

. 399

rt

George

•

,

262

Susan . . .

. 176

Glover .

•

•

356

Stagdon, Rosa

. 294

Hezekiah . .

.

.

370

Stallabd, Joseph B.

. 160

James . .

133,

369,

371

Walteb .

. 184

James J. . .

•

•

185

Standebfobd, Maby

. 398

Jane

•

•

169

Stanebbu, Ubila . .

. 177

John . .

•

•

295

Stanfield, Elizabeth .

. 360

Julia

•

,

318

Jane . . .

. 347

Lucy . .

•

•

268

Nancy . .

. 347

Magdalene ,

,

•

400

Stanford, Maby B. .

. 413

Margaret .

•

•

309

Stanley, Rebeccah

294

Maria .

,

,

127

Stabk, James

. 215

Martha . .

,

203,

355

Job ... .

. 213

Mary .

223,

281,

334

St. Cyb, Constance . .

. 144

Nancy .

136,

277,

319

Steel, James

366

Peteb

,

,

370

Maby . . . .

. 372

Peggy . .

a

137.

379

Steele, Elizabeth . .

. 238

Sarah .

•

•

302

John ... .

. 375

Stephen .

•

•

355

" Mabgabet .

. 333

Susan M. .

,

,

258

" Mabtha .

. 339

Thomas . .

145,

322,

370

Mary . . .

. 375

William . .

•

186.

298

Stegale, Elizabeth . .

. 194

Wright . .

•

•

295

Steoall, Richabd .

. 206

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

559

Stephens, James L. .
" John .

" Nanot . .

" Susan
Stephenson, Dorothea
" Elizabeth

Hugh .
Mabt . .
•• Nicholas H,

Thomas D.
Stebne, Elizabeth .
Stevens, D. P. . .

" RiCHABD

" Susan . .

" Thomas
Stewabt, Elizabeth

" John .

John H. . .

" Letitia

" Louisa .

" Mabqabet .

Maby . 165
Sally . .

" Simpson .

" William .

Sthallsmith, John
Stinson, Rebeccah .
St. Louis, Maby .

Stoebuck, .

Stokes, Daniel .
Stone, Ellen

" Jane .

" John

" Maby . .

" Susan .

Stonebbeakeb, John
Stobey, Eleanob .

. 340

275
. 303

274
. 281

379

. 410

320, 400

. 275

180
. 285

274
. 291

379
. 291

292
. 293

165
. 239

248

. 291

201, 293

. 312

. 285

. 186

280, 357

. 147

276
. 145

270
. 376

154
. 214

300
332, 391

154
. 193

161
. 376

Stbahan, John
Stbickland, Thomas
Stbideb, Maby
Stbobe, Chbistian .
Stbood, Elizabeth .

Stsotheb, Maboabet

" Rachel

Stboup, Babbaba

" Babbaba A.
Stuabt, Maby
Stuck, Lydia

" Sabah .
Sublett, Hill

" William .

SUDDITH, CaTHABINE

Sugoett, Cathabine

Nancy .
" Susan .
Sullivan, Ellen B.
" Habbiett

" Susan .

" William

SuMMEBS, Caleb .
" Gbace

Maby .

Maby E,
Summit, Cynthia
Suthebland, Ubiah
Swan, John .

SWASEY,

Sweabingeb, Richabd
" Thomas

Sweeney, Tim
Swift, Henby .
SwoPE, David

409

410
153
289
310
350
285
337
274
258
259
328
328
294
187
315
353
376
316
353
409
218
161
185
384
294
294
186, 369
341
400
305
370
208
364
356
180
374
187

Taggabt,

Anna .

. . 206

Talbott, Susan A.

246

n

James

. . 188

Taliafebbo, Lucy

. 322

Talbott,

David .

. . 246

Talley, Geoboe . .

411

*t

Eliza J. .

. . 313

John A. . . .

. 188

1*

Isaac H.

. . 299

Talpho, Maby . .

. 299

»»

Isham H.

. . 180

Tandy, Lucy ....

. 263

„

James .

. . . 297

Taple'it, Susan

267

„

Maby A. ,

. . 239

Tableton, Cathabine

. 355

»»

Matthew

. . 295

" Emily .

. 355

•>

Nancy

. . 180

Jerby . . .

. 380

II

Richabd

. . . 179

Tabt, Phoebe .

401

560

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Tate, Clabinda .... 377

" Isaac 339

" James 377

" Joseph .... 273

" Nathaniel . . . 377

" Susan .... 372

Taylob, Ann 201

Eliza .... 332

" Fbank . ... 189

" James .... 224

" Jane 390

John .... 126

Lenoba .... 249

Patsey .... 335

" Phoebe .... 407

Quick .... 208

" Rebeccah . . 127, 412

" RiCHABD ... 189^

" Sabah .... 127

Thomas ... 369

" Thomas T, . . . 379

William . 127, 314, 379

Tayon, Chables .... 189

Tedfobd, . . . 171

Tenney, James .... 174

Tebbell, Mabtha . . . 222

Thackeb, .... 322

Thagmobton, Cathabine H. . 391

Thomas, Alexandeb W. . . 136

Eliza .... 355

Elizabeth . . 244, 363

" Fannie .

" Jackson

" James , .

" Jane .

" Joseph

" Lucy

" Mabtha A.

Maby . .

" Rebeccah S.

" Solomon .

Thompson, Anna

Ann B.
" Elizabeth

Ellen .
" Habbiett

'• John .

" Maboabet

" Maby . .

" Nancy

" Sabah .

Thobnhill, Amanda

136
411
380

243, 352
283
268
315

315, 355
294
379
265
396
188
215
307
375
189
. 188

145, 208

. 370

165

309, 398
. 291

Thobnhill, Babney

" Bbyant .

" Elizabeth R,

" Jesse

" Reuben

" ViBGINIA

Thobnton, William

Thubman, John

" Joseph

Thbailkill, Hibam

" Isabella

Tice, John , .
TicEB, Allen . .

TiDBALL, ElEANOB .

TiLSON, Levi . .

TiNSLEY, EdWABD .

" Elizabeth ,
" Judith

" MiLDBEO

" Peachey .

" Rebeccah .
Tipton, Joel

Maby . .
Todd, Hannah . .

" John A. . .
Tompkins, Sabah .
Towebs, Elizabeth .
Towley, Sallie
TowNSEND, Lucy
Tbabue, Jane .
Tbacy, Patsey
Tbavis, Thomas .
Tbimbell, John .
Tbimble, Jane ....
Tbiplett, Thomas
Tbout, Alcana Delanay FoE'
tunatus Fleming ,
Tbuett, Samuel ....
Tbussell, Maby

TUCKEB, BeVEBLY

" Mabgabet J. B.
Maby . .

212
212
379
379
212
159
379
302
222
222
378
300
223
330
176
218
411
298
381
374
381
381
379
398
266
378
360
251
329
382
277

. 319
127, 185

. 378

221

TuBK, Elizabeth
TuBLEY, Julia A.

Tubman, Peggy
Tubnbaugh, Allen

TUBNEB, AsANITH

" Elizabeth

" Hannah

" Judith .

" Lewis .

198
379
327
139
294
397
139
269
374
320, 378

151
401
374
313
167
378

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

561

TuBNEB, Lucy

. . 299

TuBNEB, Thomas

. 411

Nancy P.

. 392

TwYMAN, Maria , .

. . 129

Sally . .

. . 353

Tyneb, Samuel J. . .

. 178

Upteobovb, Hibam

. . 280

U
Ubf, John

. . 160

Polly . .

. 280

VALLANDIGHAH, NABCISSi

. . 281

V

Vaughan, Fbedebick

. 412

Van Bibbeb, Ebbetta

314

fr

. , 399

Peteb

. 297

Vaughn, Peggy . .

. 353

" Susan . .

269

" Polly .

. . 269

tf

. 244
. 175

Sallie . .
Vaughteb, Henby

. 365
. . 353

•

Van Buckles, Sabah .

WiLLLAM

. . 190

Venable, Maby

348

Vance, Habbiett

. 290

Vebnon, Nancy .

. . 368

Vandiveb, Maby .

. 288

ViAH, Sabah

. 308

Salue . .

. 288

ViEBS, Jane .

. . 326

Van Hook, Maby

. 256

Vinson, Jane .

. 315

Vanmeteb, J. H.

340

VivioN, Lucy

. . 366

Vansdoll, Ida

. 394

ViNYABD, Maby . .

364

Vaughan, Cathabine .

. 379

VoLKEBSoN, James .

. . 256

" Fbances .

. 380

W

Waddell, Elijah

. 264

Walleb, John

. . 323

Wade, Fanny .

. 203

" Maby D. . .

. 299

Henby . . .

. 299

" Nancy . .

. . 367

Polly .

376

" Sabah M.

148

Waooneb, Elizabeth

. 377

" Thomas . .

. . 224

Jacob . .

384

Wallpool, Rebeccah .

276

Susan H. .

. 377

Walteb, Maby B.

. . 368

Waidb, Lucy

282

Waltman, Ann

. 328

Wainscott, Sophia .

. 350

Walton, Agnes . .

. . 209

Walden, Louisa

207

" ROBEBT

131

" ViBOINIA

. 207

Thomas H.

. . 130

Walkeb, Benjamin . .

. 203

ft

147

• •

" Edwabo . .

. 383

Wam, Elizabeth . .

. . 826

" Geobge

413

Wabd, Cathebine

. 171

Joel . . .

. 190

" Elsey . . .

. . 240

" Pebmeua . .

319

" John

. 213

Polly . . .

. 220

" Nancy . . .

. . 397

" Sabah

. 365

»»

139

> • •

tf

. 362
. 322

Wabdlow, Elizabeth
Wabneb, Joseph

272

Wallace, Mabtha . .

. 376

William ..

. 327

Wabben, Evilena . .

. . 324

Walleb, Anna . .

269

" Letitia

. 333

" Cabb . . .

. 148

" Minnie C. .

. . 364

GOBDON H.

160

Sally A. . .

. 334

562

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Wabts, Jacob

• •

255

White,

Benjamin . .

298

Wash, Habdin . .

,

303

f»

Clemency

. 248

Wathen, Benedict .

• •

170

»f

DOBCAS S. . . .

307

Watkin, Jane .

•

316

»•

EsQUIBE W. . .

. 298

Watkins, . .

• •

324

tt

Isabella

274

Watson, Abchibald

,

191

ir

Jacob . . .

. 193

John K. .

• ■

383

»»

John , . . .

380

Mabtha .

,

299

»i

Mabtha A. .

. 297

Mabt . .

. 127,

258

ft

Maby . . . .

337

" Samuel

, ,

167

ft

Matthew L.

. 298

" Thomas . .

172,

190

tt

Nancy J. . . .

375

Watt, Elspey

, ,

368

It

Polly

. 326

Watts, Elizabeth 305, 313, 371

394

r»

Sally .

397

Geobge W. .

190

Whiteason, Elizabeth .

. 206

John . .

. * 305,

313

Whitesides, Holland .

293

" Mabt

152

tf

John C.

. 299"

" Samuel .

413

f»

LUCINDA .

291

" Samuel R.

190

n

Maby

. 274

Wayne, Elizabeth .

371

n

Thomas

298

" John .

412

Whitley, Sabah

. 166

•• Lucy

353

Whitney, Levisa .

354

*9

353
336

ft

. 193
310

Weabf,, Nancy

Whittington, James L.

Weathebfobd, John

413

»

Thomas .

. 380

404

Whittles, Solomon

146

WEAVEB,

Webb, Cathabine .

371

Widen,

Joseph

. 199

Websteb, Sabah . ,

245

WiLBOBN, Caboline

412

>f

310
221

WiLBUBN, Anna .
Wile, Euzabeth

. 380
226

Welch, Henby

" James .

221

WiLKEBSoN, Amanda . .

. 323

Kitty . .

221

tf

Maby .

323

ff

221
164

»

MiNEBVA

Moses .

. 323
382

Weldon, John

»»

Nancy , .

180

ft

Tabitha . .

. 283

Wellnoth, Emma

162

Wilkes

, Samuel

377

Wells, Cabty . .

192

Wilkinson, Elizabeth .

. 147

" Elizabeth

313

Willabd, Mabgabet

398

" Euphemia .

293

Willett, Babbaba P.

. 368

" Hannah .

394

Williams, Abigail .

345

" Jacilt.a

243

i»

Anna . .

. 365

Maby E.

128

»

Cathabine .

324

'• Rebeccah .

215

ft

COBB .

. 412

'* William

126

ft

Edwabd .

225

" William E.

296

»

Elizabeth . '

382, 393

•»

221
368

w

Fbedebick . .
Henby

298

• •
West, Caboline . .

l>

403

William .

414

n

John .

. 215

Wetmobe, Elizabeth

179

»

Lucy . .

368

Whabton, Obton

• •

130

ft

Mabgabet . . S

560, 279

Wheatley, Henbietta

129

ft

Mabtha J. .

208

Wheeleb, Chables .

184

ff

Maby J. .

. 248

" Chesteb .

225

ff

Nancy . 266, J

(50, 414

Maby

160

tf

Penina .

169

Maby A. .

849

tt

Pbiscilla .

. 208

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

563

Williams, Rebeccah

361

Woods,

Archibald .

413

" Susan

335, 352

It

H

. 385

" William

383, 407

tt

John

. 127

»f

222, 383
. 408

9*

Martha .
May

. 375

WiixiFOBD, Susan

tt

394

Willingham, Abbetta

. 392

tt

Sarah

. 164

" John . .

. 413

tt

Sidney . .

. 215

" Margaret .

. 401

It

WniiAM . .

. 394

" Nancy

. 360

Woodson, C. F. . .

188

Polly . .

, 401*

ft

Caroline M. .

. 130

Wilson, Ann B.

188

II

Elizabeth

364

" Brydon . .

. 346

II

Jane .

. 335

" Catharine

252

Woodward, Rachel

160

" Elizabeth .

. 360

WOOLFOLK, COLBUBN . .

. 189

" Galbreth . .

330

II

Richard H,

192

" Judith . .
Martha .

411

ukT j-i ^^ «■>■?«

._

193

• "XXX

. 411

WOOTEin, ...

WooTON, Nancy

. 164

" Moses .

. 412

Word,

John ....

. 382

Nancy . .

399

Worland, Charles B. .

297

" Samuel . .

. 346

Wren,

Elizabeth

. 348

Sarah . . .

361

tt

James .

383

Susan . . .

. 146

tt

Sarah E. . .

. 347

William H. .

. 330

Wright, Elizabeth .

185, 242

tt

. 273

tt

Fletcher

. 297

• • •

Winder, F^ankie .

390

tt

Henry .

348

WiNQFiELD, Edward .

. 352

tt

Jesse

. 299

Winn, Joseph .

. 383

ft

John .

158

Theodosia . .

. 226

tt

John T. .

299, 300

Winter, Jane .

. 248

tt

Judith D.

. 353

WiNTEBBOTTOM, JACOB

. 384

tt

Levisa .

. 299

Wiseman, Sally A.

252

tt

Matilda .

212

WiTCHER, James .

. 299

tt

Mary A.

. 892

WiTHENs, Ann .

345

tt

Olfveb . .

366

Withers, Mary J.

. 335

tt

Patsey .

. 821

Wolff, Catharine . .

. 154

tt

Peqgy . .

863

WoMACK, Charles A.

. 220

tt

Richard

. 224

Wood, Charlotte

187

tt

Sarah A. . .

. 212

Frances

. 206

ri

Thomas . .

. 809

" James D.

. 277

tt

William

381

" Margaret .

. 263

tt

William W.

. 239

•• Mary ....

337

Wyatt, Anna .

398

" Nancy . . .

. 259

•1

Anthony

. 186

" .Sidney S. . .

. 223

tt

Emily . .

141

" Susan . . .

. . 304

tt

Frank .

223. 225

" William . .

. 402

tf

John .

290

Woodland, EJlizabeth

. . 225

tf

Mary .

184, 308

Woodruff, Catharine A.

161

tt

Polly .

208

" Charles .

. . 299

tt

Rebeccah

. 286

" Susan .

257

tt

Sally . .

. 216

Woods, Andrew .

. . 413

tt

Sarah .

. 210

564

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Yager, Andbew .

" Elizabeth .

" James B.
Yaney, Harbiett .
Yabp, Anna .
Yater, Conrad .

" Elizabeth

" Nancy .
Yates, Amy M.

" Benjamin .

" Jeptha
Yeally, Crescentia

. 263 Yeateb, Charles .

141 Yerby, Anna

305, 313 YocuM, Thomas .

305 YoKTJM, Thomas

. 400 YoSTi, Emeline .

227 " Francis .

. 275 Young, Benjamin

285 " Leonard

. 366 " Mary

384 " Mary A.

. 343 " Sennett .

202 " William

. 343

400
. 305

313

. 193

175, 193

. 355

225
. 209

145

. 385

. 194

Zerley, J. E.
ZouNT, Margaret

Zumwalt, Adam .
" Catharine

" Elizabeth

" Henry

" Isaac .

" Jacob

359 Zumwalt, John .... 215

. 377 " JONATHON . . 179

384 " Margaret . . . 134

. 209 " Mary ... 167

219 '• Mary A. . . . 219

138, 384 " Polly ... 311

. 174 " Rachel . . 174, 219

. 312 " ... 391

. 195

GENERAL INDEX

TO

"PIONEER FAMILIES OF MISSOURI"

Absent minded uan, an . 394
Allen, Benjamin . . . 114

Amusements 76

Anabuqes 76

Anderson, Majob Jack A. S.,

HISTORY OF . . 505

Anecdotes & Adventures 498-528
Antiquities .... 118
Auxvasse Presbyterian

Church . . . 377

B

Banks, "wild cat" ... 79 Boone, Edward 3

Baptism, fibst Protestant . 144 " Elizabeth .... 8

Baptist chubch, fibst in " Emily 7

Callaway . . 306 " George . . . . 3, 63

Barn, first two story . . 189 " Hannah 8

Barnes, Benjamin . . . 522 " Harriet .... 7

Bates, Edward ... 91 " Howard . ... 7

Baughman, Major George . " Israel . . . 3, 6, 32

. . . . 245, 443 " James . . 3, 6, 7, 14

Bauvis, Mary L. . . . 436 " James M 7

Bear gbease, strange con- " Jemimah ....

TAiNER for . . 432 . . 6, 7, 18, 19, 27, 95, 208

Bell & forked tree . 514 " Jesse . . . 6, 7, 8, 40

Benton, Thomas H. . 91, 164, 388 " John 3, 7

Blackfish, Chief . . 22, 24 " Jonathon . . 3, 53, 84

Black Hawk, life of 195, 457-497 " Lavinia . . . . 6, 7

War . . 455-457 " Mahaley .... 7

Blue Licks .... 34-37 " Malinda .... 7

Boone, Albert J 7 " Mary 8, 7

Alonzo .... 7 " Melcina .... 7

" Daniel, life of . . 1-54 " Minerva .... 7

" " coffin of . . 49 " Nancy 7

" FAMILY LONGEVITY . . 53 " NaTHAN . 6, 7, 8, 51, 53

" Daniel, grave op . . " Olive 7

. . 53, 54, 133, 211 " Pantha .... 7

" " LOSES Mss. . 107 " Samuel . . 3, 32, 36, 53

" " PETITIONS " Sarah 3

Congress . . 41 " Squire 3, 11, 12, 14, 26, 29

" " PORTRAIT OF . 3 " SqUIRE, Jb 3

M. . 6, 7, 40, 47 " Susan 7

" Delinda .... 7 " Susannah .... 8

(565)

566

GENERAL INDEX

Boone, Van D. . , . . 7
" WnxiAM . . . .53
BOONESBOBOUOH . . 16, 21, 23
BORBOMEO, ChUBCH OF St.

Chables . 440-442
Bbatton, Peteb .... 524

BbAZZLETON & THE BEAB . 508

Bbtan, Abneb .... 103

" Daniel .... 3

David .... 204

" jonathon ... 54

Bbtan, Rebeccah . 6, 7, 17, 48

" William .... 6

" William S, . . . 179

Bbtan's Station . . 17, 30, 32

Buckskin pants, embabbassino 148

buffalos 9

Bull, adventubes with a . 523
Bullet, Thomas . . . .15
Bull's Hell Mill . . . 128
Bubdine, adventubes of 134, 518
Bubial mounds .... 118

Callaway, Betty . . 7, 18

Flandebs 2, 6, 18, 19, 26

49, 53, 95. 204, 208"

" Fbances . . 7, 18

James . 95-100, 370

" John B. . . .47

" RiCHABD 7, 18, 19, 28

Campbell, Colonel ... 25

Candidate, a pebpetual . . 151

Cabl, William . . . . . 8

Caton, Jesse 103

Chasseub, Blanchette . . 59
China wabe, fibst . . . 246
Choleba, stbanoe cube fob . 302
Chubch, fibst in St. Chables 123

Clabk, Geoboe R 45

Clebical oabb, stbanoe . . 305

Clock, fibst patent . . . 208
" Rev. John . . . .45
Cobb, Adam, and his Foubth of

July obation . 249, 512
Colgin, 'Squibe, his peculiab

sense of justice 143, 512
Colt, how to bbeak a . . 517
Cobnstalk, Chief ... 15
CosHow, William ... 47
Cotes, Les Petite . . . .59
Cotesandessein, fight at . . 107
Coubtships, shobt . . 175, 268
Countebfeitebs . . 75, 217, 446
Cbaio, Rev. James ... 53

Cbane dance 489

Cbittenden, John B. . . .53

Rev. James . . 124

Cbockett, John . . . 516

Dabst, David, the Ironsides
pbeacheb & the apple
bbandy .... 515
De Lassus, Don Chables D. . 41
DiDiEB, Rev. Peteb J. . . . 123
DocTOB, fibst in St. Chables 175
Doo Pbaibie 626

Dolls instead of sbeakfast 302
Dbinkino habits . . . .71

Duel, A 186

DuQUESNE, Captain . . 24, 25
Duquette, Francis . . 435-437
DuBGEE, Chables .... 114

Eably days in Missoubi . 65-81

Education 74

Egg, a squabk . . . .103

B

Ellis, Benjamin
Emmons, Benjamin

615
53

FiNLET, John
Fish stoby, a

. 8 Flint, Rev. Timothy . 67, 144
240 Floyd, Colonel .... 19

Fbench famiues in St.

GENERAL INDEX 567

Fbeedom Baptist chxtbch . 237
. 125

G

Gebman immigrants .
GiDDiNGS, Rev. Salmon
GiBTY, Simon .

GiSSEN SOCIETT

GoE, Phillip

GouBD Head Pbescott

450-464

. 124

. 30

452

. . 7

. 300

Govebnment Affaibs . . 89-91
Gband Jury, first ... 90
Gbant, Uncle Billy . . 522
Gbiswold, Habvey ... 54
Gboom, Jacob . . 260. 263, 502
GuuxET, Bebnabo . . . .62

H

Hamilton, Govebnob ... 21
Hancock, Stephen ... 26
" William ... 26

Habdino, Chesteb . . .2
Habdshell sebmon . . . 519
Hablan, Majob .... 32
Habpool, Peteb, wins a bace 498
Harbison, Micajah . . . 523
Habbod, James .... 15
Habbod's Station ... 17
Habt, Nathaniel ... 29
Thomas .... 29
Hat, a famous . . . 260, 278
Hayes, William .... 6
Heald, Captain, captubed 499

Heel Stbings 76

Hempstead, Edward ... 90

Hen, a bemabkable . . . 163
Hen-Egg bevival . . . 626
Hendebson, Richabd ... 16
Hendbicks, John, kccentbici-

ties op . . . 159
Hebmit of Montgomeby Co. 245, 443
HoLDEN, Joseph .... 8
HoBSE hams 290

HOBSE-MILL, PIBST . . . 127
HOBSES, FIBST SOLD TO CCBA • 296
HOSTETTEB, ChBISTOPHHI . . 110

Howell, Samuel . . . 114
" Thomas, his great

LEAP .... 507

Hunters, obeat ....
. . 244, 248, 262, 291, 406, 430

Indian coubtship . . . 489 Indictment, fibst . . .90
Wab .... 91-116

Jacob & Esau .... 240 Justices of the Peace in St.
"Jebks", The . , . 83-88, 212 Chables . . 126

Jones, Lewis, adventures of 504

K

Keithley, William . . . 498 Keokuk, Chief .... 476
Kennedy, David, A the Calf 521 Kibbe, Alfbed .... 281
Kentucky, meaning of . . 476

Lamb, Joseph, A his brass La Motte mines . . . .67

watch . . . 528

568

GENERAL INDEX

Lamp-lighter of the twelve

apostles . . 448
Largest woman in world . 162
Latin, first student of . . 156
Lewis, Andretw . . . .15
Lewiston, town of . . . 230
Lexington City .... 17
Lincoln Co. named . . . 396
Lindsay, John .... 114

Lindenwood College 124, 149, 194
LiTTLBBY, Robert . . . 387
LocHON, Sieur de . . . .56
Logan, Benjamin . . 28, 32, 37
" & his donkey . . 509
" Hugh, cured of rheu-
matism . . . 507
Lord's Supper, first Methodist 195

M

Mansfield, Rev. Robert . 387
Marriage fee, hard earned . 397
Marvin, Bishop Enoch M. 415-422
Massey, Thomas . . . 507
Matthews, Rev. John . . 124
Mattress, uncomfortable . 146

Methodist Church in Missouri

. . . . 423-426
Methodist Church member,

FIRST in Callaway Co. 359
MoNCEY, James .... 8
Money . . .75, 79, 122, 404
MusiCK, Abraham . . 45, 405

Mc

McAfee, George
" James
" Robert

McBride, Major

McCoy, Joe

15
15
15
32
111

McDowell, Thomas ... 16
McGary, William . . 112, 114
McNair, Hamilton . . . Ill
McPeters, Jeremiah . . .16

N
New Madrid earthquakes 116-118 Newspapers, early . 123-126, 163

"Old Checlickler" ... 40
O'Neil family murder . . 109
Orleans, massacre at Fort . 57

Ox, world's largest
Oxen, hunting .
Oxley, William .

291
322
524

Peck, Rev. John M, . 2, 51, 144
Peoram, James L., gives direc-
tions . . . 501
Piano, first 520

Pigmies .
Pickney, town of
Poetry, pioneer .
Pottery

Pigeons 522 Pugh, Peter

119
228
621
119
111

Railroad convention ... 80
Ramsey family murder 101, 238
Ramsey, William, & the bear 508

Rangers 96

Reaper, first .... 161

Reeland, David .... 110
Religious matters . 45, 81-88
Riffle, Francis .... 114
Ripper, James, cubes "hollow

horn" . . . 515

GENERAL INDEX

569

RoBBiNs, Joshua N.
Ror, Baptiste L.

454 "Root Hog, ob Die"
107 "Round Toweb" .

137
125

Sac Indian coubtship , . 489
Sacbed Heabt Academy . 437-440
Sandebs, Chbistofheb, bobbows

A GUN . . 289, 514
•Salabies of officials . . 122

Salt 20, 48, 231

ScHOLL, Joseph .... 7
Settlement, fibst Amebican

. . . . 58, 204

Shake Rags 76

Sibley, Geoboe C. . . . 124
Silk made in St. Chables . 175
SkILT & THE tubkeys . 508

Skinneb, Peancis . . 428-435

Skull Lick, why so called 498
Slickeb Wab 137, 217, 445-449, 519

Smith, J. H 387

Snake stobies . . . 252, 283
St. Chables College . . 124
St. Louis attacked ... 44
Steamboat, fibst at St. Louis 234
Steam mill, fibst in Callaway 336
Stewabt, John .... 8
Stoneb, Michael . . . .15
Stbode, William . . . . 525
Suggett, James, and the buck 516
Subgical operation, a bough 296

Tall man of Callaway . 527
Taylob, Hancock ... 15
Tecumseh, Chief ... 92
Text, the lost Bible . . 266
Tobacco, explosive . . . 146

Todd, John
" Levi

29, 32, 36
32

Toiton, Simon
Tbansylvania Co.
Trigg, Stephen
Tboy town .
Tbudeau, Zenon

. 43

. 15

32, 34

454-455

. 40

Van Bibber, Cloe .... 7 Van Bibbeb, Isaac & tbans-

" Isaac, letteb of 510 migration 509

Olive ... 7

W

Walking, long distance . 367 Wells, Joseph B.

Watermellon eater, a . . 304 "Wild Cat" banks .

Water mill, first ... 525 Wild Hogs, lassoing

Weant, Aleck, adventures of 523 "Wild man of the forest"

Wedding garments
Welch, Rev. James

78, 363 Wright City laid off
2. 3, 86

54

79

145

214

224

Young, Benjamin

. 388 YouNOEE Boys, ancestor of
Z

235

Zimmebman wheat

201

Date Due

F 313 1041740
465 Bryant William
.B79 Smitht 1846-1940.
1876 A history of the
pioneer families of
Missouri* with
numerous sketchest
anecdotes f«

DATE DUE

BORROWER'S NAME

\

11" ,\ " lijR

__\\_\__ v-k'iii'i