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THE 


H  I  S  T> 


O  F   :t  H  E 


P  U  R I  t^A^N  S 


O    R 


Proteftant  NonConformifis, 


FROM    THE 


Beginning  of  the  Civil  War  in  the 
Year    1642.    to  the  Death  ot  King 

Ch  A  R  LES   L     i  648. 


w  r  T  li 


An  Account  of  their  Principles  j  their  Attempts 
for  a  further  Reformation  in  the  Church  j 
their  Sufferings;  and  the  Lives  and Chara(5lers 
of  their  Principal  Divines. 


Bj 

DANIEL  NEAL, 

M.A. 

V  0  L.     III. 

Think  not  that  I  am  co7ne  to  fend  Peace  on  Earthy  I  came 
not  to  fend  Peace  hut  a  S-word^  Matth.  x.  34. 

L  O  N  2)  0  N: 

'Printed  for    Richard    H  e  t  t,     dt   the   Bible   anil 
Crown  in  tbe  Poultry.    M.DCC.XXXVl. 


&.'T3i£^5ft^J^^E53 


Gi^tsa^:? 


THE 


PREFACE 


^^"^^^^  0  Pc'rwJ  of  Civil  Hijhry  has  undergone  a 

^'A   more  critical  Examination  than  the  lajl  fe- 

^  i-en  Tears  of  King  Charles  i.  which 


^i|, 


k^ 


•^  %vas  a  Scene  of  juch  Confufion  and  incon- 
'vft;^  fii^^fJt  Management  het-iueen  the  King  and 
'^ii^^^M^'^^  Parliament,  thai  'tis  very  dilpculi  to  difco- 
ver  the  Motives  of  Aclion  on  cither  Side  ;  the  King  feenis 
to  have  'been  dire^ed'  by  fecret  Springs  from  the  ^een, 
and  her  Council  of  Papijls,  who  were  for  advancing  the 
Prerogative  above  the  Laws^  and  vejling  his  Alajefty 
with  fuch  an  abfolitte-Sovereigniy^  as  might  rival  his  Bro- 
ther ot  France,  and  enable  him  to  ejiablifo  the  Roman 
Catholick  Religion  in  England,  or  fome  how  or  other  blend 
it  with  the  Proteflant.  'This  gave  Rife  to  the  unparalell'd 
Severities  of  the  Sv,ir-Ch2imbQr  and  High  Coirsmiffion, 
which  after  twelve  'Tears  Triumph  over  the  Laws  and 
Liberties  of  the  Subjeol,  brought  on  a  fierce  and  bloody 
War,  and  after  the  Lofs  of  above  a  hundred  Thoufand 
Lives  ended  in  the  Sacrifice  of  the  King  himfelf,  and  the 
Subverfwn  of  the  whole  Conjlituiion. 

Though  all  Men  had  a  Veneration  for  the  Perfon  of  the 
King,  his  M.i^is,TEKS  had  rendered  ihemfelves  juftly  ob- 
noxious, not  only  Z?v  fetting  up  a  new  Form  of  Government 
at  home,  but  by  extending  their  Jurifdi^ion  to  a  neighbour- 
ifig  Kingdotn,  under  the  Government  of  di^.inSl  Laws, 
and  endined  to  a  Form  of  Church  DUcipline  very  different 

A  ?  from 


Iv  The   PREFACE. 

from  ihe'EngVidr:  This  raifedfuch  a  Storm  in  the  North,  as 
difirejfcd bis  Majejlfs  Admimjiratiofi  -,  exhaiijledhis^rea- 
jurc  \  drained  all  bis  arbitrary  Springs  of  Supply ;  and  after 
an  Intennijfwn  ofiweheTears^  reduced  him  to  the  Nccejfty 
of  returning  to  the  Conftitution^  and_  calling  a  Parliament  ; 
l?utwhen  the puhUckGrievanpes  came  to  he  opened^  there  ap- 
peared fuch  a  Collection  of  ill  Humours,  and  fo  general 
a  Diftrufi  between  the  King  and  his  two  Houfes,  as  threa- 
tened all  the  Mijihief  and  Dejolation  that  followed.  Each 
Party  laid  the  Blame  on  the  other,  and  agreed  in  noihingy 
but  in  throwing  off  the  Odium  of  the  Civil  Wd.\-  from 
ibenif elves. 

The  JJfairs  of  the  Church  had  a  very  confiderahle  In- 
fluence on  the  Welfare  of  the  State :  The  Epijcopal  Char  a- 
Her  was  grown  into  Conte?npit,  not  from  any  Defe£l  of 
Learning  in  the  Bifhops^  but  from  their  clofe  Attachment 
to  the  Prerogative,  and  their  own  infatiable  Thirjl  of 
Power.,  which  they  fir ained  to  the  utmofl  in  their  Spiritual 
Courts,  by  reviving  eld  and  obfolete  Cufoms,  levying  large 
Fines  on  the  People  for  Contempt  of  their  Canons,  and  pro- 
fecuting  good  Men  and  zealous  Protefl ants  for  Rites  and 
Ceremonies  tending  to  Super/Iition,  and  not  warranted  by 
the  Laws  of  the  Land.  The  King  fupported  them  to  the 
utmofl  •,  but  was  obliged  after  [ome  Time  to  give  way  firfi 
to  an  Ad  for  abolijhing  the  High  Commiffion,  by  a 
Claufe  in  which  the  Power  of  the  Bifhops  Spiritual  Courts 
was  in  a  manner  defiroyed  •,  and  at  lafl  to  an  Act  depriving 
them  of  \ht\v  Seats  in  Parliament.  If  at  this  Time  any 
Methods  could  have  been  thought  of  to  refore  a  mutual 
Confidence  between  the  King  and  his  two  Houfs,  the  re- 
riiaining  Differences  in  the  Church  inight  eafily  have  been 
compromifed  \  but  the  Spirits  of  Men  zvere  heated,  and  as  the 
Flames  of  the  Civil  War  grew  fiercer,  and  fpread  wider, 
the  Wounds  of  the  Church  were  enlarged,  till  the  DiJJrefs 
cf  the  Parliament's  Affairs  obliging  them  to  call  in  the 
Scots  with  their  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  they  be- 
came incurable. 

When  the  King  had  lofl  his  Cmife  in  the  Field,  he  put 

bimfelf  at  the  Head  of  his  Divines,  and  dmv  his  learned 

'       ■■  '    '  Pen 


The  IP  R  E  F  A  C  E. 

Pen  in  Defence  of  bis  Prerogative  and  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land i  but  his  Arguments  were  no  more  fucccfsful  than  his 
Sword.  I  haz'e  brought  the  Debates  betzveen  the  King 
and  Mr.  Hcndcrlbn  and  between  the  Divines  of  both 
Sides  at  thj  Treaties  of  Uxbrid^c  and  Newoort  upon  the 
Head  of  Efijcopacy,  into  as  narrosj  a  Compafs  as  pofiible  •, 
7ny  chief  Defign  being  to  trace  the  Proceedings  of  the  Par- 
liament and  their  /Ijfeinbly  at  VVeftminfter,  which  (zvhc- 
ther  juflifiable  or  not)  ought  to  be  placed  in  open  Fieu\ 
though  none  of  the  Hijlorians  of  thofe  'Times  have  ventured 
to  do  it. 

The  Wcftminfter  Ajffembly  was  the  Parlia?neni*s  grand 
Council  in  Matters  of  Religion^  and  ?nade  a  very  con- 
fidirable  Figure  both  at   home   and  abroad  through  the 
Courfe  of  the  Civil  JVar.^  Uill  they  dif pitted  the  Pozocr  of 
the  Keys  with  their  Superiors^  andfpUt  upon  the  Rocks  of 
Divine    Right  and  Coven:inr   Uniformicy.     The  Re- 
cords of  this  venerable  /IJfsmUy  were  lofi  in  the  Fire  of 
London,*  but  t  have  given  a  large  and  ju ft  Account  of 
their   Proceedings^  from  a  Manufcript  of  one  of  their 
M.embers^  and  fome  other  Papers  that  have  fallen  into  my 
Hands,  and  have  enter' d  as  far  into  their  Debates  wit5 
the  Eraftians,  Indepcndants,  and  others,  as  was  confi^ 
Jlent  with  the  Life  and  Spirit  of  the  Hiflory. 

Whatever  Views  the  Scots  niight  have  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  War,  the  Parliament  would  certainly  have 
agreed  with  the  King  upon  the  Foot  of  a  limited  Epifcopa- 
c%  till  the  Calling  the  Afjembly  of  Divines,  after  which 
the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  became  the  Standard 
of  all  their  Treaties,  and  was  defigned  to  introduce  the  Pref- 
bJerian  Government  in  its  full  extent,  as  the  eflablifhed 
Religion  of  both  Kingdoms.     This  tied  up  the  Parliament'' s 
Hands  from  yielding  in  Time  to  the  King's  mofi  reafonable 
Concejfons  at  Newport,  and  render' d  an  Accommodation 
impraolicable  *,  I  have  therefore  tranfcribed  the  Covenant 
at  large,  with  the  Reafons  for  and  againfl  it  ;  whether 
fuch  Obligations  upon  the  Confciences  of  Men  are  juflifiable 
from  //j^  NecefTicy  of  Affairs,  or  binding  in  all  Events 
and  Revolutions  of  Government,  Ifhall  not  determine  ;  but 
■  A  3  the 


The  PREFACE. 

the  mpofing  them  upon  others  zvas  certainly  a  very  great 
Hard/hip. 

The  remarkable  Trial  of  ArchVifljop  Laud,  in  which 
the  Anliquiiy  and  Ufe  of  the  Jeveral  Innovations  complain- 
ed  of  by  the  Puritans  are  fluted  and  argued^  has  never  been 
publijhed  entire  to  the  Pkorld.  The  Archbifrjop  left  in  his 
Diary  a  Summary  of  his  Anfwer  to  the  Charge  vf  the 
Commons,  and  Mr.  Prynne  in  his  Canterbury's 
Doom  has  publifbed  the  fir ji  part  of  his  Grace';  Trial^ 
relating  principally  to  Points  of  Religion  ;  but  all  is  imper- 
feui  and  immethodical.  1  have  therefore  compared  both 
Accounts  together^  and  fupplied  the  Defv^s  of  one  with  the 
other  ;  the  Whole  is  brought  into  a  narrow  Compafs^  and 
thrown  into  fuch  a  Method  as  will  give  the  Reader  a  clear 
and  diftincl  View  of  the  Equity  of  the  Charge,  and  how 
far  the  Archbifljop  dejerved  the  Ufage  he  met  with. 

1  have  drawn  out  Abflraols  cf  the  fever al  Ordinances 
relating  to  the  Rife  and  Progrefs  of  Prejhytery,  and  traced 
the  Proceedings  nf  the  Comiiiiltee  for  plunder* d  and  fcanda- 
lous  Minijlers,  as  far  as  was  necejfary  to  my  general  De- 
ftgn,  without  -defending  too  far  into  Particulars^  or  at- 
tempting to  juftify  the  "whole  cf  their  Conduct  ;  and  though 
I  am  of  Opinion  that  the  fntmber  of  Clergy  who  juffered 
purely  en  the  Account  of  Religion  was  not  very  ccnfider- 
able,  'tis  certain  that  many  able  and  learned  Divines, 
who  were  content  to  live  quiei'h^  and  fnind  the  Duty  of 
their  Places,  had  very  hard  Meaiure  fro?n  the  Violence 
cf  Parties,  and  defrve  the  ccmpaffonate  Regards  of  Po- 
fterity  *,  feme  being  dijcharged  their  Livings  for  refufing  the 
Covenant,  and  others  plunder'' d  of  every  Thing  the  unruly 
Soldiers  could  lay  their  Hands  upon,  for  not  complying  with 
the  Change  of  the  Times. 

In  the  latter  Ena  of  the  Reign  of  ^feen  Anne,  Doff  or 
Walker  p/Exeter  publijhed  an  Attempt  to  recover  the 
Numbers  and  Suflerings  cf  the  Clergy  cf  rhe  Church 
of  England  ;  but  with  notorious  Partiality,  and  in  Lan- 
guage not  fit  for  the  Lips  of  a  Clergyman,  a  Scholar,  or  a 
Chrijlian  ;  every  Page  or  Paragraph  almojl,  labours  with 
the  Cry  of  Rebellion,  Treafon,  Parricide,  Faction, 
I  ilupid 


The   PREFACE.  vii 

-flupid  Ignorance,  Hypocrify,  Cant,  af:d  downright 
Knavery  and  Wickedncfs  on  one  Side  ;  and  Loyalty, 
Learning,   Primitive  Sanctity,  and  //^^  glorious  Spi- 
rit of  Martyrdom  on  the  other.     One  inujt  concluuc  fro7n 
the  Doclor,   that  there  ivas  hardly  a  wife  or  honejt  Pa- 
triot with  the  Parliament^  fwr  a  weak  or  di/honejt  Gentle- 
man with  the  King.  His  Preface  is  one  of  the  mojl  furious 
Jnve5fives  again/i  the  Seven  moji  Glorious  Tears  of  ^een 
Anne  that  was  ever   publifljed ;    it   blackens  the  M,?- Preface, 
mory  of  the  late  King  William  III.  to  whom  he  ap-^'^^*^'^ 
plies  that  Paffage  of  Scripture,   I  gave  them  a  King  in 
my  Anger  and  took  him  away   in   my  Wrath  \    Ft 
arraigns  the  great  Duke  of  Marlborovgh,  /Z'6' Glory 
of  the  Englitli  Nation,  and  both  Houfes  of  Parlia??ienty 
as  in  a  Confederacy  to  dejlroy  the  Church  (?/" England,  and 
dethrone  the  Queen.     "  Rebel' :of,  fiys  the  Doolor,  was?-  ^^' 
*'  efeemed  the  moJi  necejpiry  Requijite  to  qualify  anyone 
**  for  being  intrujied  with  the  Government,  and  Difobe- 
*'  dience  the  principal  Recommendation  for  her  Majefiy^s 

*'  Service. 'Thofe  were  thought  the  mojl  proper 

*'  Perfons  to  guard  the  Throne,  who  on  the  fir  ft  Dijlike 
*'  were  every  whit  as  ready  to  guard  the  Scaffold',  yea, 
"  her  Majefty  was  in  effecl  told  all  this  to  her  Face  in  the 
*«  great  eft  jjembly  of  the  Nation  ;  and  to  fay  all  that  can 
"  be  [aid  of  this  Matter,  all  the  Principles  of  164.1,  and 
*'  even  tkofe  0/1648,  have  been  plainly  and  openly  re- 
'*  vived.*' 

Thus  has  this  obfcure  Clergyman  dared  to  affront  the 
Great  Author,  under  God,  of  all  our  prefent  Bleffings  ; 
.and  to  ftigmatize  the  Marlboroughs,  the  Godol- 
PHiNS,  the  Stanhopes,  the  Sunderlands,  the 
CowFERS  and  others,  the  moft  renowned  Heroes  and 
Statesmen  of  the  Age  I 

It  muft  be  confeffed,  that  the  Tumults  and  riotous  Affem- 
blies  of  the  lower  Sort  of  People  are  infufferable  in  a  well 
regulated  Government  ;  and  without  all  queftion,  fo?7ie  of 
the  leading  Members  of  the  Long  Parliament  made  an  ill 
UJe  of  the  Populace,  as  Tools  tofupport  their  fecret  Defigns ; 
hit  how  eafy  were  it  to  turn  all  this  Part  oj  the  Dotlor^s 

A  4  Artiller'j 


viii  The  PREFACE. 

Artillery  againjl  himfelf  and  his  Friends  ;  for  Prynnc, 
Burton,  /3«^  Bjftwick,  in  their  Return  from  their  feve- 
ral  Prifons,  were  not  attended  with  fuch  a  7iumerous  Ca^ 
valcade  as  waited  upon  the  late  Dr.  Sacheverel  in  his  tri- 
uinphant  Progrefs  through  the  wejlern  Counties  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales  ;  nor  did  they  give  themfelves  up  to  the 
fame  Excefs  of  Licentioufnefs  and  Rage.  '  If  the  Mob  of 
1 64 1  infulted  the  Biffjops^  and  awed  toe  Parlia^nent,  Jo 
did  the  Doolor^s  Retinue  in  I J 10 ',  nay^  their  Zeal  out- 
went their  Predeceffors,  when  they  pulled  down  the  Meec- 
ing-Houfes  of  Protefant  DiJJ'enters^  and  burnt  the  Ma- 
terials in  the  open  Streets.,  in  maintenance  of  the  Do5irines 
of  Pajfve -Obedience  and  Non-Refiftance^  which  their 
Hifl-.  picus  Conf£or  had  been  preaching  up  ;  "  ^  bold  infolent 
p-  5  57.  "  Man  (fays  Bifjop  Burnetj  with  a  very  f nail  Meafure 
"  cf  Religion.,  Virtue,  Learnings  cr  good  Senfe  :"  but  to 
fuch  Exlreams  do  Men*s  Pafipns  carry  them  when  they 
write  only  to  ferve  a  Caufe  !  I  have  had  occafion  to  fnake 
fome  UJe  of  Dr.  Walker'^  confufed  heap  of  Materials,  but 
have  endeavoured  carefully  to  avoid  his  Spirit  and  Lan- 
guage. 

No  Man  has  declaimed  fo  bitterly  againft  the  Proceed- 
ings of  Parliament  upm  all  Occafions  as  this  Clergy?nan  ; 
72or  complained  more  loudly  of  the  unfpeakable  Dainage  the 
liberal  Arts  and  Sciences  fufained  by  their  purging  the  two 
Univerf.ties  ;  the  new  Heads  and  Fellows  0/" Oxford  are 
V/alker's  called  "  a  Colony  of  PrefJjyterian  and  Independant  Novices 
Incroduit.  <c  yVc>w  Cambridge  •,  a  Tribe  of  ignorant  Enthufiajls  and 
\],o  *'  Schifmaticks 'i    an    illiterate    Rabble  fwept  from    the 

"   Plough-Tail,  from  Shops  and  Grammar  Schools,  &iQ.''* 
The  Univerfity  of  Can'ibridge  is  reported  by  the  fame  Au~ 
Walker's  thor '■'■  to  be  reduced  to  a  meer  Munftcr  by  the  Knipper- 
Introd.      tt  dolings  of  the  Age.,    who  broke  the  Heart-firings  of 
Oue'-^l*      *'  Learning  and  learned  Men,  who  thrufi  out  one  of  the 
CanE.        "   Eyes  of  the  Kingdom,  and  inade  Eloquence  duinb,  Phi- 
*'  lofophy  [ottijtj,    widowed  the  Arts^    drove  the  Mufes 
"  from  their  ancient  Habitation,   and  plucked  the  Reve- 
"  rend   and  Orthodox  Profefors  cut  of  their    Chairs. 
They  turned  Religion  into  Rebellion,  and  changed 

»^  the 


The  PREFACE.  ix 

•«  the  Apoftolical  Chair  into  a  Defi  for  Blaffhemy.  — — » 
*'  They  took  the  Garland  from  off  the  Head  of  Learning 

"  and  placed  it  on  the  dull  Brows  of  Ignorance,  And 

*'  having  unhived  a  ?inmeroui  Swarm  of  labouring  Bees, 
"  they  placed  in  their  room  Swarms  of  fenfelefs  Drones — " 
Such  is  the  Language  of  our  Hijlorian^  tranfcribed  from 
Dr.  B;irwick  !  /  have  carefully  look\i  into  this  Affair, 
and  colle^ed  the  Chara^ers  of  the  old  and  new  Profeffors 
from  the  viojl  approved  Writers^  that  the  difinterejlcd 
Reader  may  judge  how  far  Religion  and  Learning  fuffer- 
ed  by  the  Exchange. 

The  Cloje  of  this  Volume.,  which  relates  the  Difputes  he- 
tween  the  Parliament  and  Ariny  \  the  ill  Succefs  of  his, 
Majejly*s  Arms  and  Treaties  -,  the  Seizure  of  his  Royal 
Perfon  a  fecond  Time  by  the  Army  *,  his  Trial  before  a 
pretended  l-i\gh  Courc  of  Juftice,  and  his  unparalell'd 
Execution  before  the  Gales  of  his  Royal  Palace  by  the  Mi- 
litary Power,  is  a  inoft  melancholy  and  affe£img  Scene  j 
in  which,'  next  to  the  All-difpofing  Providence  of  God, 
One  cannot  but  remark  the  Kwg*s  inflexible  Temper,  toge- 
ther with  the  Indifcretion  of  his  Friends,  efpecially  his  Di- 
vines, at  a  Time  when  his  Crown  was  loji  by  the  Fortune 
of  War,  and  his  very  Life  at  the  Mercy  of  his  Enemies  ; 
nor  is  the  unwarrantable  Stiffnefs  of  the  Parliament  Icfs 
unaccountable,  when  they  faw  the  vicarious  Army  draw^ 
ing  towards  l^onQon  flu/bed  with  the  Defeat  of  the  Scots 
and  Englilli  Loyalifts,  and  determined  to  fet  aftde  that 
very  Uniformity  they  were  contending  for ^  ^f^is  Majefly 
had  yielded  at  firft  what  he  did  at  laft,  with  an  Appear- 
ance of  Sincerity  ,  or  if  the  two  Houfes  had  complied  with 
his  Ccnceffions  while  Cromwel  was  in  Scotland  \  or  if 
the  Artny  had  been  made  eafy  by  a  general  Indulgence  and 
Toleration,  with  the  Dijlributlon  of  fome  Honours  and 
Bounty  Money  among  the  Officers,  the  Crown  and  Conjli- 
tution  might  have  been  faved  -,  *■'•  hut  fo  many  miraculous  Vol  V. 
*'  Circumfiances  contributed  to  his  Majejly*s  Ruin  (fr.ys^'^^^' 
*'  Lord  Clarendon)  that  Men  7night  well  think  that 
"  Heaven  and  Earth  confpired  it.'* 

The 


The  PREFACE. 

TheOhjeBlons  to  the  firft  Volume  of  the  Hiftory  of 
the  Puritans,  by  the  Author  of  the  Vindication  of  the 
Government,  Doftrine  and  Worfhip  of  the  Church 
of  England^  obliged  me  to  reveiw  the  principal  Farts  in  a 
jmall  Pamphlet^  -wherein  I  have  endeavoured  to  difcharge 
my  [elf  as  an  H/ftorian,  without  undertaking  the  Defence 
of  their  feveral  Principles^  or  making  my  f elf  an  Advocate 
for  the  Whole  of  their  Condu5i.  I  took  the  Liberty  to 
-point  out  the  Mijiakes  of  our  fir[i  Reformers  as  I  pa/l 
along,  but  with  no  defgn  to  blacken  their  Memories  ;  for 
with  all  their  Foibles  they  were  glorious  Injlruments  in  the 
Hand  of  Providence  to  deliver  this  Nation  from  Anti-chri- 
fiian  Bondage  ;  but  they  were  free  to  confefs,  the  Work 
was  left  imperfe^  *,  that  they  had  gone  as  far  as  the  Times 
would  admit,  and  hoped  their  Succeffors  would  bring  the 
Reformation  to  a  greater  PerfeBion. 

But  the  State  of  the  Controverfy  was  entirely  changed  in 

the  'Time  of  the  Civil  Wars  ;  for  after  the  Coming  in  of  the 

Scots  the  Puritans  did  not  fght  for  a  Reformation  of  the 

Hierarchy,  nor  for  the  generous  Principles  <?/"  Religious 

Liberty    to  all  peaceable  Subjefts  ;  but  for  the  fame 

fpiritual  Power  the  BifJoops  had  exercifed  ;  for  when  they 

had  got  rid  of  the  Oppreffion  of  the  Spiritual  Courts  under 

which  they  had  groaned  almofl  Fourfcore  Tears,  they  were 

forfetting  up  a  Number  of  Prefbyterial  Confiftories  in  all 

the  PariJIoes  ^England,  equally  burdenfome  and  oppre five. 

Unhappy  Extream  I  That  wije  and  good  Men  fhould  not 

dijcover  the  beautiful  Confijlency  of  Truth  and  Liberty!  Dr. 

Barrow  and  others  have  obferved,  thai  in  the  fir [i  and  pure [i 

Ages  ofChriJiianity,  the  Church  had  no  coercive  Power, 

and  apprehend  that  it  may  flill  fubfift  very  well  without  it. 

The  Body  of  Protejlant  Dijfeuters  of  the  prefent  Age 
have  a  jujt  Abhorrence  of  the  perfecuting  Spirit  of  their 
Predeceffors,  and  are  content  that  their  Atlions  be  let 
in  a  fair  Light  as  a  Warning  to  Pofterity.  They  have  no 
lefs  a  Dread  of  reluming  into  the  Hands  of  Spiritual 
Courts  founded  on  the  bottQ7nlefs  Deep  of  the  Canon  Law, 
and  Jee  no  reafon  why  they  fijould  not  be  equally  expojcd, 
till  they  are  put  upon  a  better  foot ;  though  it  is  an  unpar- 
donable 


The  PREFACE.  xi 

f.'ah!e  Crime  in  the  Opinion  of  [ome  Churchmen  to  take 
Jtice^  even  in  the  moji  refpeoiful  manner^  of  ihe  leaji 
Biemijh  in  our  prefent  EJiahliJkmenty  "^hich  hoiv  valuable 
foever  in  it  felf  is  aUoived  by  all  to  be  capable  of  Amend- 
ments. Some  little  Effays  of  this  kind  have  fired  the  Zeal  of 
the  Bijhop  of  Litchfield  and  Ccvenrry,  who^  in  a  late 
Charge  to  the  Clergy  of  his  Diocefe,  is  plcafed  to  declaim 
againjl  theTimes  in  the follozving  mournful Lajjgnage  .\  ^'•Ai  C^^r^e, 
*'  fo  critical  a  J  unsure  ( fa)S  his  Lordfhip )  ichen  common  ^'  "^ ''  '^"•"^ 
"  Chrijiianity  is  treated  zvith  an  avowed  Contempt  and 
"  open  Profanenefs  ;  when  an  ■  tindifguifed  hnmorality 
"  prevails  fo  very  generally '^  when  there  is  fear cc  Honejiy 
"  enough  to  jave  the  Nation  from  Ruin  ;  when  with  Re- 
*'  gard  to  the  cfabiifJjcd  Church  in  particular,  the  Royal 
*'  Supremacy  is  profrff-dly  expofed,  as  inconfijtent  with 
*'  the  Rights  of  Confcience,  even  that  Supremacy 
♦*  which  was  the  Ground-work  of  the  r.  "formation  among 
*'  us  from  Popery,  which  was  acknowledged  and  [worn 
*'  to  by  the  OJd  Puritans,  though  now  inconfijiently 
"  enough  difowned  and  condemned  in  the  new  Hifory  and 

**  Vindication  of  them  and  their  Principles. When 

*«  fo  deftyu5live  an  Attempt  has  been  made  on  the  legal 
"  Maintenance  cf  the  Clergy,  by  the  lately  \i\\^  V)'\[\,  and 
*'  confequenlly,  on  the  Face  of  the  Chriftian  Religion 

*'  among  us. •  When  an  Attempt  has  been  lately  made 

*'  on  the  important  Out-zvorks  of  our  Ecclcfiaflical  Efta- 
"  blifloment,  the  Corporation  and  Teft  Ads,  with  the 
*'  greateft  Infolences  tozvards  the  Church,  and  mo  ft  un- 
* '  dutiful  Menaces  to  the  Civil  Government.  —  When 
**  the  Epifcopal  Authority  has  been  well  nigh  under- 
"  mined,  under  a  Pretence  of  reforming  the  Ecclefiafiical 
*'  Courts;  andif  .that  Ordtr  had  been  rendered  ufelefs,  as 
"  it  mujl  have  been  when  it  had  lojl  its  Authority,  then 
*'  the  Revenues  would  htive  been  fcon  thought  ufelefs  ; 
*'  and  in  the  Refult  ofT'hings  the  Order  it  fcrlf  7?iight  have 
*'  been  cGJifidered  as  fuperfluous,  and  perhaps  in  due  Time 

*'  thought  Jit  to  be  aboltflded.  When  Churches  have 

*'  been  put  into  fuch  a  Method  of  Repair  as  would  end  in 
*'  their  Ruin  in  a  little  Tune  ;  and  when  the  Ccrreclion 

"  of 


xii  The  P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 

**  of  the  Ahufes  of  the  Matrimonial  Licenfes  ha^  I  ecu  la- 
*'  hour''d  in  Jo  abfurd  a  Manner  as  to  perjjiit  the  Mar- 
"  riage  of  Minors  ivithout  confent  of  their  Parents  or 
"   Guardians :  When  thefe  fnelancholy  Circmnftancei  have 
"  fo  lately  comurr\i,  it  is  natural  to  infer  ^  our  Zeal  for  the 
"  Church  fhould  he  in  proportion  to  its  Danger  \  and  if 
•'  thefe  are  not  proper  Occafions  for  Zeal  for  our  Ecclefi-  ' 
"  aftical  Conftitution,  it  is  not  eafy  to  a(fign  Circumflances  ' 
*'  that  may  juflU  demand  it  — "     How  fine  and  fuhiile 
are  thefe  Speculations !  I  have  not  ohferved  any  Jnfolences 
towards  the  Church,    or  un dutiful  Menaces  to  the  Civil 
Government  in  the  late  Writings  of  the  Dijfenters  -,  hut  if 
Vii.alateone  Pin  of  the  Hierarchy  be  removed  hy  the  Wifdom  cj.  the 
excellent    hegiflatuT e ^  the  whole  Building  is  fuppofd  to  fall,  and  all 
Examria-  pisligion  along  with  it.     His  Lord/hip  therejore  advifes  his 
Cod/xfu-  ^^^^6)  ^^/?^^^)'  ib^  ^b^op  of  London's  Codex  in  order  to 
ris  Eccl.    defend  it ;  and  it  can  do  them  no  real  Prejudice  to  examine  at 
Angl.        the  fame  Tune,  the  Principles  of  La  w  and  Equity  on  which  it  is 
Charge,    founded.  As  to  the  Difienters  his  Lordfloip  adds,  '■'■However^ 
p.  46-       tt  f/  rj^ill  become  us  of  the  Clergy  in  point  of  Prudence,  not 
<'  to  give  -any  jujl  Sufpicions  of  our  Difguft  to  the  legal 
"  Toleration  of  them,  while  they  keep  zvithin  due  Bounds  5 
"  that  is,  while  they  do  not  break  in  upon  the  Privileges ^ 
*'  and  Rights  of  the   EftaUifh^d  Church,  by   declaring 
*'  againfl  all  legal  Eflablifhjnents,  or  the  legal  Eflabli/hinent 
*'  of  the  Church  c/"  England  in- particular,  or  by  not  be- 
•'  big  quiet  with  the  prefent  Limits  of  their  Toleration^  or 
^^  by'  afife^ing  Pofts  of  Authority,  and  thereby  breaking 
"  down  the  Fences  of  the  Church,  and  placing  themlelves 
*'^  on  a  Level  with  ity     But  whether  this  would  remain 
a  Point  of  Prudence  with  his  LordfJoip,  if  the  Bounda- 
ries of  his  Epifcopal  Power  ivere  enlarged^  is  not  very 
difficult  to  detennine. 

The  Diffenters  have  no  Envy  nor  Ill-will  to  iheChurchc's 
of  England  or  Scotland  ejlablifhed  by  Law  {attended  with 
a  Toleration  of  all  peaceable  Diffenters')  any  further  than 
they  encroach  on  the  natural  or  facial  Rights  of  Mankind  •, 
7ior  are  they  fo  flupid  as  7Wt  to  difiinguifh  between  high 
Dignities,  great  Authority^  and  large  Revenues  fecured 

bf 


The  PREFACE.  xiii 

h  La'iV^  and  a  poor  Maintenance  ariftngfrom  the  volun- 
iarsj  Conlribulions  of  the  People^  that  is  between  an  Efta- 
bliflimenu  rt;;^  rt  Toleration. 

'But  I  am  to  attend  to  the  Charge  of  Tnconfiflency  hroughO^^^^'  Pur. 
againjl  my  felf:  1  had  chferved  upon  the  Reign  of  the  bhody    ''^^' 
^2j  Mary,  tbut  an  ablbluie  Supremacy  over  ihe  Confci-       ^* 
tncesot  Men  lodged  with  a  finolePerfon  mio;htasweIl 

o  o  c? 

be  prejudicial  as  ierviceable  to  true  Religion  :   Audin 
the  Bcginnir.g  of  the  Reign  of  ^^  Elizabeth,  that  the  Powers  I'^^-  p-  ii9> 
then   claimed   by  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  Erighh'd  ^  ^°' 
were  in  a  rnanner  the  fame  with  thofe  claimed  by  the 
Topes  in  the  Times  preceding  the  Reformation,  ex-, 
cept  the  Adminidration  of  the  Spiritual  Offices  of 
l,he  Church.     This  was  that  Supremacy  which  was 
the  Ground-work  of  the  Reformation ;    of  which  I  fay^ 
Let  the  Reader  judge  how  far  thefe  High  Powers  are 
agreeable  or  confiflent  with  the  natural  Rights  of  Mankind. 
His  Lordfhip  calls  this  a  profefjed  expofing  the  Royal  Su- 
premacy,  and  the  rather^  hecaufe  "  That  Suprema- 
*  *  c  Y  was  acknowledged  and  fworn  to  by  the  Old  Puritans 
*'  themfel'ves^  though  now  inconfijlenl'ly  enough  dr owned 
*'  and  condemned  by  their  Hijlorian'."     But  furdy  his. 
hcrdjhip  fbould  have  informed  his  Clergy  at   the  fame 
'■Jime,  in  ivhat  Scnfe  the  Puritans  took  the  Oaih,  when  it 
was  before  his  Eyes,  in  the  fame  Page,  my  JVords  are 
thefe:  "  T^he  whole  Body  of  the  Papijis  r,fufed  the  Oath\Vi^u?\xv, 
"  of  Supremacy,  as  inconfljtent  with  their  yJllegiance  toV-  ^'i'^* 
*'  the  Pope,  but  the  Puritans  took  it  under  all  the/e  Dif-^'^'^^  ^ 
"  advantages,  with  the  ^een*s  Explication  in  her  In-  "^^^^ 
*'  juntlions,  that  is,  that  no  more  ivas  intended  than  that^^]  j. 
"  her  Maj£fty  under  God  bad  the  Sovereignty  and  Rule  p.  159. 
' '  over  all  Peyfons  born  in  her  Realm,  either  Eccicfiafli- 
"  cal  or  T^emporal,  fo  as  no  foreign  Power  had,  or  ought 
♦'  to  have  any  Superiority  over  them.^*     Where  is  the 
lnfo:-uijiency  of  this  Conduul  of  the  old  Puritans  or  their 
new  Hijlorian  ?  Or,  where  is  the  Diffenter  in  Engj-md 
who  is  not  ready  to  fwear  to  it  with  this  Explication  ? 

But  his  LordfJjip  is  pleafed  to  reafon  upon  this  Head, 
and  in  order  to  fupport  that  abfolute  Supremacy,  which 

%oas 


XIV  The  PREFACE. 

was  the  Ground-work  of  the  Reformation^  ^ffi^^ns,  that 
Charge,  "  all  Chriftian  Kings  and  Emperors  have  the  fame 
p.  20.  *c  Power  of  reforming.  Religion,  and  are  under  the 
*'  fame  Obligations,  as  the  Jeivijh  Kings  were  "in 
"  Cafes  of  the  like  Nature,"  without  producing  the 
leaf  Evidence  or  Proof ;  whereas  his  Lordjhip  knows ^  that 
the  Government  of  the  Jews  was  a  Theocracy  ;  that  God 
bimfefwas  their  King^  and  the  Laws  of  that  Nation  flriofly 
and  properly  the  Laws  of  God,  who  is  Lord  of  Confcience^ 
and  ma-j  annex  what  San^ions  he  pleafes ;  their  Judges 
and  Kings  were  chofen  and  appointed  ^y  God^  not  to  make 
a  new  Codex  or  Book  of  Laws  either  for  Church  or  State^ 
hut- to  keep  the  People  to  theJiriSJ  Obfervation  ofthofe  Laws 
and  Statutes  that  he  himfelf  had  given  them  by  the  Hand  of 
Mofes. 
p.  ai.  His  Lordfhipis  pleafedto  afk,  "  If  any  high  Preten- 

"  der  to  fpiritual  Liberty,  and  the  Rights  of  Con- 
"  fcience,  fhould  enquire  what  Authority  the  refpe- 
"  dive  7(?'ix;i/?»  and  Ci?r//?iiZ«  Powers  had  to  interpofe 
"  in  Matters  that  regarded  the  Rights  of  Confcience? 
'^  Since  in  faft  their  afTumed  Supremacy  was  an 
'*  Ufiirpation  of  "thofe. natural  Rights^'  I  anfwer^ 
that  With  regard  to  the  Jews,  it  was  no  Ufurpation^  for 
the  Reafons  beforementioned  \  and  when  his  Lordfhipfhall 
prove  a  Transfer  of  the  fame  Power  to  all  Chriflian  Prin- 
ces^ the  Controverfy  will  be  brought  to  a  ffjort  IJfue, 
p.  zi.  *'  — Bui  will  it  not  be  replied  (fays  the  Bifhop)  [hac 
"  thofe  Kings  and  Emperors  were  intrufted  by  God 
"  with  the  Care  of  the  Ecciefiaftical  as  well  as  Civil 
^'  Conft:tution  — '*  If  by  the  Care  of  the  Conftitu- 
tion  be  ineant  no  more  than  the  preferving  their  Subjeois 
in  the  Enjoyment  ef  their  unalienable  Rights^  nobody  de- 
nies it ;  but  if  under  this  Pretence  they  affume  a  Sovereign 
and  Arbitrary  Power  of  modelling  the  Ecciefiaftical  ConJH- 
tution  according  to  their  Pleafure^  and  of  eiforcing  their 
Suhjeofs  Obedience  -by  Cations  and  Penal  Laws,  I  fhould 
doubt  whether  they  are  obliged  to  comply,  even  in  Things 
not  abfolutely  iinful  in  themfelves,  becaufe  it  may  dero- 
gate from  the  Kingly  Ofnce  of  Cbrift,  who  is  Jole  King 

and 


The   PREFACE.  xv 

afid  La-'ii'oiver  in  his  own  Kingdojn^  and  has  not  delegated  this 
Branch  of  his  Author  it)  to  ans  Vicar  General  iifon  Earth, 
But  I  readily  agree  with  his  Lordfloip,  that  if  any  High  Pre- 
tender to  che  Rights  of  Coniatncc //jould  have  afked  the 
Fi  R-ST  Ch  R]ST  I A  N  Em  PE  R  ORS  t?)!  "dohat  Authority  they  took 
on  themfehes  the  Alteration  or  Change  of  Religion  ?  They 
would  have  thought  the  ^lefiion  unreajonable,  and  worthy 
ofCenfure  \  they  would  have  affirmed  their  own  Sovereign- 
tyy  and  have  taught  the  bold  Rnquirrrs  as  Gideon  did  the 
Men  or  Succoth,  with  Briars  andJhorm of  thePFildernefs. 

The  Bifkop  goes  on  ;  *'  Let  us  now  transfer  thisCharge, 
*'  Power  of  Jt-vvz/^  Kings  and  Chnftian  Emperors  toP*-*' 
"  our  own  Kings,  and  liiC  Cafe  will  admit  of  an  eafy 
"  Decifiun  — "  If  indeed  an  abjolule  Supremacy  in  Mat- 
ters of  Religion  is  the  natural  and  unalienable  Right  of  eve  ^ 
ry  Chrijlian  King  and  Emperor,  th:  Difpute  is  at  an  end  ; 
hut  if  it  depends  upon  a  Transfer,  we  jnuft  beg  pardon^  if 
we  dcfire  his  Lordfhrp  to  produce  his  Commiffwn  for  tranf- 
ferring  the  fame  Powers  that  Almigl.Hy  Cod  gave  the 
Jewilh  Kings  of  his  own  Appointment^  to  the  f.rfl  Criri- 
llian  Emperors,  who  were  neither chnfen  by  God,  norths 
People,  nor  the  Senate  o/"  Rome,  but  ufurped  the  fupr erne 
Authority,  by  theAJpflance  of  the  Military  Ar?n,  and  were 
fome  of  them  the  grectefi  Tyrants  and  Scourges  of  Mankind, 

His  Lordfhip  adds,  "  Have  not  the  En^hfn  Kingslbid, 
*'  fincc  the  Reformation  adlualiy  been  inveited  withthe 
"  SAME  Supremacy,  asthe7d'Z£;i/^Kingsand  Chnftian 
"  Emperors  were  ?'*  I  anfwer,  fuch  a  Supremacy  is  in 
my  Judgment  inconfiflent  with  our  prefent  Conflitution  and 
the  Laws  in  being.  The  Supremacy  claimed  by  King  Henry 
'VI II.  and  his  Succeffors  at  the  Reformation  was  found  by 
Experience  too  exceffive^  and  therefore  abridged  in  the  Reigns 
of  King  Charles  I.  and  King  William  III.  No  one  doubts, 
hut  the  Kings  of  England  are  obliged  to  proteEl  Religion^ 
and  defend  the  Efiablifhment  as  long  as  the  Legiflature 
think  fit  to  continue  it ;  but  as  they  may  not  fufpend  or  change 
it  by  their  fovereign  Pleafure,  fo  neither  rnay  they  publifh 
Edicts  of  their  own  to  enforce  it,  as  was  the  Cafe  of  the 
frft  Chrifliaji  Emperors.    "The  Reader  will  nrufe  this  Di- 


xvi  The  PREFACE. 

grejjioiii  as  necejjar^jtofupport  a  principal  FaSiofni'j'HiJlor^. 
I  am  fufficiently  aware  of  the  Delicacy  of  the  Jjfairs 
treated  of  in  tbi^  Volume,  and  of  the  'Tender nefs  of  the 
Ground  I  go  over  -,  and  though  I  have  been  very  careful  of 
my  Temper  and  Language,  and  have  endeavoured  to  look 
into  the  myfterious  Condu5l  of  the  fever al  Parties  with  all 
the  Indifference  of  aSpeolator^  I  find  it  very  difficult  to  form 
an  exa^  Judgment  of  the  ?noft  important  Events,  or  to 
fpeak  freely  without  Offence-,  therefore  if  any  pajjionate  or 
angry  Writer  fJoould  appear  againjt  this,  or  any  of  the  for- 
mer Volumes,  I  humbly  requejt  the  Reader  to  pay  no  regard 
to  perfonal  Refle5iions,  or  to  Inftnuations  of  any  ill  Defigns 
againji  the  eft ablijhed  Religion,  or  the  publick  Peace ;  which 
•  are  entirely  groundless.  1  am  as  jar  from  vindicating  the 
Spirit  and  Condu5f  of  the  warmer  Puritans,  as  of  the  go- 
verning Prelates  oj  thofe  Times ;  there  was  hard  Meafure 
on  both  Sides,  though  ifwefeparate  Politicks  from  Princi- 
ples of  pure  Religion  the  Balance  will  be  very  much  in  fa-, 
vour  of  the  Puritans.  In  Hijhrical  Debates  nothing  is  to 
be  received  upon  Truft,  but  Fd^Gisare  tobe  examined,  and 
a  Judgment  formed  upon  the  Authority  ^v  which  [hofe 
I'a^s  are  fupported  •,  by  this  Method  we  foail  arrive  al 
Truth  ',  and  if  itfhall  appear  that  in  the  Courje  of  this  long 
Hiftory  there  are  any  confiderable  Miflakes,  the  JVorld 
may  be  affured  I  will  take  the  firft  Opportunity  to  retra^  or 
amend  them,  having  no  Private  or  Party  Views,  no  Pro- 
fpe£l  of  Preferment  or  other  Reward  for  my  Labours,  than 
the  Satisfattion  of  doing  fome  Service  to  Truth,  and  to  the 
Religious  and  Civil  Liberties  of  Mankind  ;  and  yet  after 
all,  I  mujl  befpeak  the  Indulgence  and  Candor  of  my  Readers, 
which  thofe  who  are  fenfible  of  the  Labour  and  Toil  of  c  al- 
leging fo  many  Materials,  and  ranging  them  in  their  pro- 
ber Order,,  will  readily  allow  to  one  who  fmcerely  wifhes 
the  Profperity  and  Welfare  of  all  good  Men,  and  that  the 
Violence  and  Outrage  of  thefe  unhappy  Times,  which  brought 
fuch  Confufion  and  Mifery  both  on  King  and  People,  fnay 
never  be  imitated  by  theprefent  or  any  future  Age. 

London,  DaN.    NeAL. 

Nov.  4.  1735.  J 


THE      ■>f'"''- 

HISTORY 

O  F    T  H  E 

PURITANS. 

V  O  L.     III. 

C  H  A  P.     I. 

From  the  Battle  of  Edge-Hill  to  the  Calling  the 
Affembly  of  Divines  at  Weitminfter. 

|~^V',;  H  E  King  having  recruited  his  Army     Ring 

''^^       at  Oxfofd,  after  the  Battle  of  Edge-  Charles  T; 

Hill,  by  the  Affiftanceof  the  Univer-  vJ^/x-^ 

fity,  who  now  gave  his  Majeily  all  j';^^  j^^^-. ' 

their  Money,  as  they  had  before  donepurfues  his 

—        I  , their  PJate,    refolved    to   purfue  his^^»"<^^'o 

March  to  London,  in  order  to  break  up  the  Par]ia-^°'^'^°''"- 
ment»  and  furprize  the  City;  while  the  Earl  of  EJfex 
imagining  the  Campaign  was  ended,  lay  quiet  abouc 
Warwick,  till  being  informed  of  the  King's  Defigns, 
he  polled  to  London,  and  ordered  his  Forces  to  follow 
with  all  Expedition.    The  Earl  arrived  Npvemkr  7, 

B  and 


2  7y&^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

Ki»g     and  was  honourably  received  by  both  Houfes  of  Par- 
Charles  I-iiamenr,  who  prefented  him  with  a  Gratuity  of  five 
\,^r^^^  Thoufand  Pounds,  and  to  ftrengthen  his  Army  paf- 
fed  an  Ordinance,  that  fuch  Apprentices  as  would 
lift  in  their  Service  (hould  be  entitled  to  a  Freedom  of 
the  City  at  the  Expiration  of  their  Apprenticefhip, 
equally  with  thofe  who  continued  with  their  Mafters. 
Rufhw.     jn  the  Beginning  of  November  the  King  took  Poffef- 
°  g        fion  of  Reading  without  the  leaft  Refiftance,  the  Par- 
liament Garrilon  having  abandon'd  it,  which  alarm'd 
both  Houfes,  and  made  them  fend  an  Exprefs  tode- 
fire  a  fafe  Condu<5l  for  a  Committee  of  Lords  and 
Commons  to  attend  his  Majefty  with  a  Petition  for 
Peace  i    the  Committee  waited  on   his  Majefty  ac 
Colnbrook,  fifteen  Miles  from  London,  and  having  re- 
/  ceived  a  favourable  Anfwer,  reported  it  to  the  two 

Houfes,  who  immediately  gave  Orders  to  forbear  all 
Ads  of  Hoftility,  and  fent  a  Meflenger  to  the  King, 
to  defire  the  like  Forbearance  on  his  part ;  but  the 
Committee  had  no  fooner  left  Colnbrook,  than  his  Ma- 
jefty, taking  the  Advantage  of  a  thick  Mift,  advan- 
ced to  Brentford  within  feven  Miles  of  London,  which 
Whidock,  he  attacked  with  his  whole  Army,  ISov.  13.  and  after 
V'<^^*  a  fierce  and  bloody  Rencounter  with  the  Parliament 
Garrifon,  wherein  confiderable  Numbers  were  driven 
into  the  'Thames  and  flain,  he  got  Poffeffion  of  the 
Town,  and  took  a  great  many  Prifoners.  The  Cort- 
fternation  of  the  Citizens  on  this  Occafion  was  in- 
expreflible,  imagining  the  King  would  be  next  Morn- 
ing at  their  Gates ;  upon  which  the  Lord  Mayor  was 
ordered  to  fend  the  Train'd  Bands  immediately  to 
join  the  Earl  of  EJfex*s  Forces  which  were  juft  arrived 
at  Turnham  Green,  under  the  Command  of  Major  Ge- 
neral Skippon  \  and  there  being  no  further  Thoughts 
of  Peace,  Every  one  fpirited  up  his  Neighbour,  and 
All  refolved  as  one  Man  to  live  and  die  together.  Ma- 
jor Skippon  went  from  Regiment  to  Regiment,  and 
encouraged  his  Troops  with  fuch  fhort  Soldier-like 
Speeches  as  thcfe  •,  Come^  m^  Bo-^s !  my  brave  Boys !  I 

will 


Chap.  I.         of  tbe  Pu  KIT  ANs',  j 

will  run  the  fame  Hazards  with  you  ;  remember  the  Caufe     King 
is  for  God  and  the  Defence  of  your  felves,  your  fVives  a«  J  Charles  I. 
Children.  Come.,  myhoneji  brave  Boys !  let  us  pray  heartily,  ^ii^l^ 
and  fight  heartily,  and  God  will  blefs  us.     When  they^^     " 
were  drawn  up  they  made  a  Body  of  about  twenty 
four  Thouiand  Men  eager  for  Battle,  but  their  Or- 
ders were  only  to  be  on  the  Defenfive,  and  prevent 
the  King's  breaking  through  to  the  City.     The  two 
Armies  having  faced  each  other  all  Day,  his  Majefty 
retreated  in  the  Night  to  Kingflon,  and  from  thence 
to  Reading.,  where  having  left  a  Garrifon,  he  returned  R"fli'»^« 
to  Oxford  about  the  Beginning  oi  December  vtith  his  ' 

Brentford  Prifoners,  the  chief  of  whom  were  con-^* 
demned  to  die,  and  had  been  executed  for  High 
Treafon,  if  the  two  Houfes  had  not  threaten'd  to 
make  Reprifais.  The  Parliament,  to  prevent  a  like 
Surprize  of  the  City  for  the  future,  impowered  the 
Lord  Mayor  to  caufe  Lines  of  Circumvallation  to  be 
drawn  around  it,  and  all  the  Avenues  fortified. 

It  was  not  without  Reafon  that  the  two  Houfes -Afo/iW  »f 
complained  of  the  King's  extraordinary  Condu<^  on'^* 
this  Occafion,  which  was  owing  to  the  violent  Cowl- 
fels  of  Prince  Rwpert  and  Lord  Digby,  animated  by 
fome  of  his  Majefty*s  Friends  in  the  City,  who  ima- 
gined, that  if  the  royal  Army  appeared  in  the  Neigh- 
bourhood of  London,  the  Parliament  would  accept  of 
his  Majefty's  Pardon  and  break  up  ;  or  elfe  the  Con- 
fufions  would  be  fo  great,  that  he  might  enter  and 
carry  all  before  him  ;  but  the  Projeft  having  failed, 
his  Majefty  endeavoured  to  excufe  ic  in  the  beft  Man- 
ner he  could  :  He  allcdg'd,  that  there  being  no  Cef- 
fation  of  Arms  agreed  upon,  he  might  juftly  take  all 
Advantages  againft  his  Enemies.  He  infifted  further 
upon  his  Fears  of  being  hemm'd  in  by  the  Parliament's 
Forces  about  Colnbrook,  to  prevent  which,  it  feems,  he 
marched  feven  Miles  nearer  the  City.  Lord  Claren- 
don  fays,  Prince  Rupert  having  advanced  to  Hounflow 
without  Order ,  his  Majefty  at  the  Defire  of  the 
Prince  marched   forward,    to  difengage  him  from 

B  2  the 


4  "fh^  HISTORY  Vol.  IIL 

Kwg    the  Danger  of  the  Forces  quartered  in  that  Neigh- 
Charles  I.^^Qyj-j^QQ^ .    vvhich   is  fo  very  improbable,    that   in 
^^^^r-^^  the  Opinion  of  Mr.  Rapifiy    it  is  needlefs  to  refute 
Rapin,      it.     Upon  the  whole,  it  is  extreamly  probable,  the 
Vol.  XII.  King  came  from  Oxford  with  no  other  Defign  but  to 
P'  38.       furprize  the  City  of  London  before  the  Earl  of  EJJ'ex*^ 
Army  could  arrive  ;  but  having  miffed  his  Aim,  he 
•framed  his  bed  Pretences  to  perfwade  the  People  that 
his  Marching  to  Brentford  was  only  in  his  own  Defence, 
Remarks.       Though  his  Majefty  took  all  Occafions  to  make 
Offers  of  Peace  to  his  Parliament,  in  hopes  the  Na- 
tion would  compel  them  to  an  Agreement,   by  lea- 
ving him  in  Poffeffion  of  all  his  Prerogatives,  it  is 
furacienrly  evident  he  had  no  Intentions  to  yield  any 
Thing  to  obtain  iti,  for  in  his  Letter  to  Duke  Hamil- 
Hamil.  M.t<?«^  d^ttd  December  2,   1642.  he  fays,  "  He  had  fee 
Book  IV. -tc  up,  his  Reft. upon  the  Jtifiice  of  hi^  Caufe,  being  re- 
P-   °3'     (I  foived  that  no    Extremity   or  Misfortune  fhouid 
*'  make  him  yield,  for  (fays  his  Majefty)  I  will  be 
"  either  a  gbrious  King  or  a  patient  Martyr-,   and 
«<  as  yet  not  being  the  firft,  nor  at  this  prefent  ap- 
*'  pr^hending  the   other,  I  think  it  no  unfit  Time 
*''  tb  exprefs  this  my  Refolution  to  you."    The  Ju- 
ftice  'of  the  Caufe,  upon  which  his  Majefty  had  fet 
up  bis  -Reft,  was  his  Declaration  and  Promife  to  go- 
sjern'  for  .the:  future  according  to  the  Laws  of  the  Land\ 
but  the  Point  v/as  to  know  whether  this  might  be  re- 
Rapin,     lied  upon.     The  two  Houfes  admitted  the  Laws  of 
y-44>45'  the  Land-to  be  the  Ruie  of  Government,  and  that  the 
executive  Power,  in  Times  of  Peace,  was  with  the 
King  •,  but  his  Majefty  had  fo  often  fet  afide  the  Laws 
by  the  Advice  of  a  corrupt  Miniftry,  after  repeated 
Affurances  to  the  contrary,  that  they  durft  not  con- 
fide in  his  royal  Word,  and  therefore  infifted  upoa 
fome  additional  Security  for  themfelves,  and  for  the 
Conftitution.     But    his  Majefty   aver*d   the  Confti- 
tution  was  in  no  danger  from  him,  but  from  them- 
felves, who  were  ad:ing  every  Day  in  defiance  of  it. 
To  which  it  was  anfwer'd,  That  it  was  irapoflible  the 

T„aws 


Chap.  I.         of  tbe  "Pu  KIT  ANS.  5 

Laws  fhould  have  their  due  Courfe  in  Time  of  War  Rtng 
as  in  the  Height  of  Peace,  becaufe  this  muft  cffe6tu- ^^"'^*  ^* 
ally  tie  up  their  Hands.  Neither  Parcy  by  Lazv  .^^^^y^^ 
could  raife  Money  upon  the  Subjed:,  without  each 
others  Confenc ;  the  King  could  not  do  it  without 
Confent  of  Parliament,  nor  the  Parliament  without 
the  royal  Afient,  and  yet  both  had  pra^lifed  it  fince 
the  Opening  of  the  VVar.  To  have  Recourfe  there* 
fore  to  the  Laws  of  a  well  fettled  Government  in  a 
Time  of  I'uch  Confufion,  was  weak  and  impradlicable. 
Befides,  his  Majeity  refufed  to  give  up  any  of  his 
late  Miniiters  to  the  Juftice  of  Parliament  j  for  in 
his  Letter  to  Duke  Hamillon  he  fays,  That  his  ahaft' 
doning  the  Earl  of  Strafford  had  gone  fo  near  him,  thai 
be  was  refolvedno  Confideration  Jhould  make  him  do  the  like 
again.  Upon  thefe  Refolutions  he  declined  the  Medi- 
ation of  the  5'co/j  Commiflioners,  which  gave  the  feve- 
ral  Parties  engaged  againft  him  a  fair  Opportunity 
of  uniting  their  Interefts  with  that  Nation. 

This  was  a  nice  and  curious  Affair  •,  for  the  Friends 
of  the  Parliament,  who  were  agreed  in  the  Caufe  of 
civil  Liberty,  were  far  from  being  of  one  Mind  in 
Points  of  Church  Difcipline;  the  major  Part  were 
for  Epifcopacy,  anddefired  no  more  than  to  iecure  the 
Conftitution,  and  reform  a  few  Exorbitances  of  the 
Bifhops ;  fome  were  Eraftians^  and  would  be  content 
with  any  Form  of  Government  the  Magiftrate  fhould 
appoint  i  the  real  Prejb'^terians,  who  were  for  an  en« 
tire  Change  of  the  Hierarchy  upon  the  Foot  oi  divine 
Rights  were  as  yet  but  few,  and  could  carry  nothing 
in  the  Houfe ;  it  was  neceffary  therefore,  in  treating 
with  the  Scoti,  who  contended  earneflly  for  their 
Kirk  Government,  to  deliver  themfelves  in  iuch  ge- 
neral Expreffions,  that  each  Party  might  interpret 
them  as  they  were  inclined,  or  as  fhould  be  expe- 
dient. This  contented  the  Scots  for  the  prefent,  and 
left  the  Parliament  at  full  liberty,  till  they  law  what 
Terms  they  could  make  with  the  King.  Nor  could 
the  Church-Men  be  diflatisfied,  becaufe  they  knew, 

,      B3  if 


6  r^^  HISTORY  Vol.11}. 

King    if  they  could  put  a  Period  to  the  War  without  the 
ChaHes  l- Scots,  the  two  Houfes  would  not  call  in  their  Afli- 
V^^/^L*  ^^"^^>  much  lefs  fubmit  to  a  Kirk  Difcipline  they  had 
no  manner  of  Acquaintance  with  *,  and  therefore  Lord 
clarendon  was  of  Opinion,  that  even  at  the  Treaty  of 
Uxlridge,  if  the  Parliament  could  have  obtained  an 
A<5t  of  Oblivion  for  what  was  paft,  and  good  Securi- 
ty for  the  King's  governing  by  Law,  the  JJair  of 
Religion  might  eafily  have  been  compromifed  •,  but 
it  required  all  the  Prudence  and  Sagacity  the  two 
Houfes, were  Matters  of,  to  keep  To  many  different 
Interefts  in  Points  of  Religion,  united  in  one  com- 
mon Caufe  of  Liberty  and  the  Conftitution ,   at  a 
Time  when  great  Numbers  of  the  King's  Friends  in 
the  very  City  of  London,  were  forming  Confpiracies 
to  reftore  him  without  any  Terms  at  all. 
EwouvA!'        The  King's  A  flairs  had  a  promifing  Afpe£l  this 
g.ng  Pro-   Winter  -,  his  Forces  in  the  North  under  the  Earl  of 
■'t^^j'^   Af_^swcajtle,  were  fuperior  to  thofe  of  Sir  Thomas  Fair- 
Urn!      f^^'     ^J^  fl^-  Weftern  and  Mid-Jand  Counties  there 
were  fevcral  Sieges  and  Rencounters  with  various  Suc- 
Ruftiw.     cefs,  but  nothing  decifive.     Divers  Counties  enter'd 
^°!..^*     into  Affociations  for  their  mutual  Defence  on  both 
^'     *       fides.     The  tour  northern  Counties,  of  JSorthumber- 
land,  Cumberland,  IVeftmorland,  and  Durham,  affoci- 
Ib.  p.  94.  ated  for  the  King  ;  after  which  the  two  Houfes  en- 
couraged the  like  in  thofe  that  owned  their  Authori- 
ty, and  appointed  Generals  to  command  their  Troops ; 
the  Chief  of  which  was  the  Eaftern  AiTociation  of 
EJfex,  Cambridgejhire,  the  Ifle  of  Ely,  Hertford,  Nor- 
folk, Suffolk,  and  the  Chy  of  Norwich,  whof^  Militia 
were  trained,  and  ready  to  march  where  ;  ^ecefTity 
ihould  require  within  their  fevcral  Limits,     (n  fome 
Parts  of  England .  z\\p.  Inhabicants  refolved    o  ftand 
Neuter,  and  not  be  concerned  on  either  Siv-'e;  but 
the  Parliament  condemned  and  difannull'd  -  il  fuch 
Agreements. 

As  the  two  Houfes  depended  upon  the  A  •'■  ftance 
of  the  Scots,  his  Majefty  had  Expedations  of  oreign 

Aids 


Chap.  I.         of  f  be  Vu  KIT  A^s,  7 

Aids  from  the  Queen,  who  had  endeavoured,  by  the     King 
Influence  ofhcr  Son-:n  law,   the  Prince  of  Or^w^-f,  to^^"^"  ^* 
engage  the  States  of  Holland  in  the  King's  Intcreft,  ^J-vt-^ 
buc  they  wifely  declared  for  a  Neutrality  •,  however, 
they  connived  at  her  private  Negotiations,  and  gave 
her  a  general  PalTporc,  by  virtue  whereof  Ihe  tran- 
fported  a  very  large  Quantity  of  Arms  and  Ammuni- 
tion to  Burlington  Bay^    and  conveyed  them  to  the 
King  at  Tork.     His  Majefty  alio,  in  order  to  bring 
over  the  Irijh  Forces  under    the  Command  of  the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  confented  to  a  Truce  with  the  Irifi? 
Rebels,  [C]gn*dSepL  15.  1643.]  in  which  he  allow'd 
the  Catholicks  to  remain  in  FofTelTion  of  what  they  had 
conquered  fince  the  Rebellion,  to  the  great  Grief  of 
the  Proteftants,  who  by  this  means  were  legally  dif- 
pofTefled  of  their  Eftates :    A  moft  unpopular  Aflion  Rufhw. 
in  favour  of  a  People  who  by  their  Jace  MalTacre  were^<^^-  V. 
become  the  very  Reproach  and  Infamy  of  human  Na-^,^^''% 
ture!  Thus  the  whole  Kingdom  was  marfhalled  into  '  *    ^  * 
Parties,  with  their  drawn  Swords  eager  to  plunge  them 
into  each  other  Breads. 

The  Parliament  Caufe  having  a  dark  and  threa- Orrf/Ww* 
tening  Afped,    the  Lords  and  Commons  were  not^f  *^^ ^^*- 
forgetful  to  implore  the  divine  Bleffing  upon  ^^^}^'g^^Z^ 
Counfels  and  Arms ;  for  which  Purpofe  they  publifhedj*^'^^^'^ 
an  Ordinance,  Feb.  15.  164^,  exhorting  to  the  Duty  tance, 
of  Repe?2lance,  as  the  only  Remedy  to  prevent  publick 
Calamities.     It  was  drawn  up  by  fome  of  the  Puritan 
Divines ;    and  becaufe  Bifliop  Kennet  has  branded  iq 
with  the  reproachful  Chara<5lers  of  Cant,  h'oad  Hypo- 
crify,  and  a  Libel  againft  the  Churd\  I  will  tranfcribe 
the  Subftance  of  it  in  their  own  Words. 

"  That  flourifhing  Kingdoms  have  been  ruined,  Rufliw. 
**  by  impenitent  going  on  in  a  Courfe  of  Sin,  the  fa-  Vol.  v. 
**  cred  Story  plainly  tells  us  *,  and  how  near  to  Ruin^' *'^^' 
"  our  finful  Nation  now  is,  the  prefenr  lamentable  Face 
'*  of  it  does  too  plainly  (hew.    And  though  we  fhould 
"  feel  the  heavy  Strokes  of  God's  Judgments  yet 

B  4  *'feven 


8  r^^  HISTORY        VoI.IIL 

K^V    ««  feven  Titties  more,  it  is  our  Duty  to  accept  the 

Chario  I.  ct  Punllhmenr  of  our  Iniquities,  and  to  fay,  Righte- 

^u/'Y^  "  ^^-^  ^^^  ^^-"^'^^^    ^  ^^^^t    andjuft  are  thy  Judgments^ 

"  Yet,  becr.ufe  the  Lord,  who  is  juft,  is  alfo  rner- 

"  ciful,  and  in  his  infinite  Mercy  has  left  the  excef- 

*'  lent  and  fuccefsful  Remedy  of  Repentance^  to  Na- 

*'  tions  brought  near  to  the  Gates  of  Deftruftion  and 

**  Defpair,  O  !  let  not  England  be  negligent  in  the 

"  Application  of  it.    Humble  Addreffes  of  a  peni- 

"  tent  People  to  a  merciful  God  have  prevailed  with 

"  him  :  They  prevailed  for  Nineveh  when  Sentence 

*'  Teemed  to  be  gone  out  againft  her ;  and  may  alfo 

'*  prevail  for  England, 

"  It  is  therefore  thought  neceffary,  by  the  Lords 
^^  and  Commons  in  Parliament  afTembled,  that  all 
"  his  Majefty's  Subjefts  be  ftirred  up  to  lay  hold  of 
''  this  only,  and  unfailing  Remedy  of  Repentance, 
*'  freely  ^cknowledginp.,  and  heartily  bewailing, 
*'  with  dccpeft  Humiliation,  both  their  own  perfo- 
^'  nal  Sins,  and  thole  of  the  Nation  •,  a  Confeflion  of 
*'  national  Sins  being  mod  agreeable  to  the  national 
*'  Judgments  under  which  the  Land  groans,  and 
«*  moft  likely  to  be  effedtual  for  the  Removing  of 
*'  them. 

"  Among  the  national  Sins  are  to  be  reckoned, 
**  The  Contempt  of  God*s  Ordinances,  and  of  Holintjs  it 
*'/^?"'  ^^^yj  Ignorance^  and  Unfruitfulnefs  under  the 
"  Means  of  Grace ;  multitudes  of  Oaths,  Blajphemies^ 
*'  Profanation  of  the  Sabbath  by  Sports  and  Games  , 
"'  Luxury,  Pride,  Prodigality  in  Apparel,  Opprejfwn, 
"  Fraud,  Violence,  &c.  A  Connivance,  and  almofi  a 
*'  Toleration  of  the  Idolatry  of  Popery,  the  Majfacre  of 
"  Ireland,  and  the  Bloodfhed  of  the  Martyrs  in  ^een 
"  Mary'j  Time,  which  having  been  a  national  Sin, 
*'  fill  I  calls  for  a  national  Confeflion. 

*'  Now,  that  all  the  Sin  and  Mifery  of  this  pollu- 

"  ted  and  afHifted  Nation  may  be  bitterly  forrowed 

**  for,  with  fuch  Grief  of  Heart,  and  preparednefs 

*'  for  a  thorough  Reformation,  as  God  may  be  plea- 

•■■■'  i-    •  "  led 


Chap.  I.        o/'  /^ff  P  u  R I  T  A  N  s.  9 

•*  fed  gracioufly  to  accept,  it  is  ordained  that  all     King 
*'  Preachers  of  God's  Word  do  earneftly   inculcate  Sharks  I; 
•'  thele  Duties  on  their  Hearers,  that  at  length  we  i^^|* 
**  may  obtain  a  firm  and  happy  Peace,  both  with^^'^*'^ 
♦'  God  and  Man,  that  Glory  may  dwell  in  our  Land  ; 
**  and  the  Profperity  of  the  Gofpel,  with  all  the  Pri- 
"  vileges  accompanying  it,  may  crown  this  Nation 
**  unto  all  fucceedino;  Ages." 

The  Reverend  Prelate  abovementioned  makes  the 
following  Remark  upon  this  Ordinance.  *'  When 
*'  once  the  two  Houfes  could  .defcend  to  have  fuch 
**  fulfome  penitential  Forms  put  upon  them,  to 
'*  adopt,  and  to  obtrude  in  their  Name  upon  the 
*'  Nation,  it  was  a  fure  Sign,  that  all  that  was  found 
*»  and  decent  in  Faith  and  Worfhip  was  now  to  be 
"  commanded  into  Enthufiafm  and  endlefs  Schifms.** 
I  leave  the  Reader  to  examine,  whether  he  can  find 
any  ground  for  fo  fevere  a  Cenfurc. 

Though  the  King  had  reje(fled  the  Scols  Mediation,  ivw/y  of 
and  fel  up  bis  Rejl  upon  the  Juftice  of  his  Caufe,  hg  Oxford, 
waspleafed,  before  the  Beginning  of  the  Campaign, 
to  admit  of  a  Treaty  with  his  two  Houfes,  for  which 
Purpofe  he  fent  a  fafe  Conduct  to  fix  Lords,  and  as 
many  Commoners,  with  their  Attendants,  to  repair 
to  him  at  Oxford^  who  being  admitted  to  an  Audience 
in  one  of  the  Colleges,  produced  the  following  Propo- 
fals,  which  were  read  by  the  Earl  o^  Northumberland, 

1.  "  That  the  Armies  may  be  difbanded  on  both^^*  P^f- 
"  Sides,  and  the  King  return  to  his  Parliament.  l^^ment's 

2.  "   That  Delinquents  may  fubmic   to    a   legal ^^•^^^';*" 
*'  Trial,  and  Judgment  of  Parliament.  Rufhw. 

3.  *?  That  all  Papifls  be  difbanded  and  difarmed.    Vol.  V. 

4.  '•'  That  his  Majefty  will  pleafe  to  give  his  Con-  p-  165* 
"  fent  to  the  five  Bills  hereafter  mentioned.  ^^^* 

5.  *'  That  an  Oath  may  be  eflablifhed  by  Aft  of 
"  Parliament,  wherein  the  Papifts  fhall  abjure  and 
"  renounce  the  Pope's  Supremacy,  Tranfubftantia- 

"  tion. 


lo  !rt^  HISTORY         V0I.IIL 

King    «  tion.    Purgatory,    Vv'orfhipping   the  confecrated 

Charles  1. 1«  Hotl,  Crucifixes  and  Images,   and  the  refufing 

^J^47^  "  fuch  Oath  lawfully  tendered  fhall  be  a  fufficienc 

^i*-y--w  ^^  Convidion  of  Recufancy.  —  That  your  Majefty 

*«  will  gracioufly  pleafe  to  confent  to  a  Bill  for  the 

*'  Education  of  the  Children  of  Papifts  in  the  Pro- 

-<«  teftant  Religion.   —  And  to  another  Bill  for  the 

**  better  putting  the  Laws  in  Execution  againft  them. 

6.  "  That  the  Earl  of  Brijlol^  and  Lord  Herbert, 
*'  may  be  removed  from  your  Majcfty*s  Counfels, 
**  and  from  the  Court. 

7.  **  That  the  Militia  may  be  fettled  in  fuch 
•«  Manner  as  fhall  be  agreed  upon  by  both  Houfcs. 

8.  "  That  the  chief  Juftices  and  Judges  of  the  fe- 
*'  vera)  Courts  of  Law  may  hold  their  Places  quam 
' '  diu  fe  bene  gejferint. 

9.  '*  That  fuch  Perfons  as  have  been  put  out  of 
**  the  Commillion  of  the  Peace  fince  April  i.  1642. 
*'  may  be  reftored,  and  that  thofe  whom  the  Parlia- 
**  men t  fliall  except  againft  be  removed. 

10.  "  That  your  Majefty  will  pleafe  to  pafs  the 
«'  Bill  now  prefented,  to  fecure  the  Privileges  of  Par- 
«*  liamentlrom  the  ill  Confequences  of  the  late  Pro- 
**  cecdings  againft  the  Lord  Ki?nbohon  and  the  five 
•'  Members. 

11.  "  That  an  A6t  may  be  pafled  for  fatisfying 
*«  fuch  publick  Debts  as  the  Parliament  has  engaged 
**  the  publick  Faith  for. 

12.  "  That  your  Majefty  will  pleafe  to  enter  into 
*«  Alliances  with  foreign  Proteftant  Powers,  for  the 
•"  Defence  of  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  recover- 
**  ing  the  Palatinate. 

13.  "  That  in  the  general  Pardon,  all  Offences 
*'  committed  before  the  loth  of  Jan.  1641.  which 
"  have  been,  or  ftiall  be  queftioned  in  the  Houfe  of 
*'  Commons  before  the  loth  of  Jan.  1643.  be  ex- 

*'  cepted.  That  all   Perfons  concerned  in  the 

"  Irijh  Rebellion   be  excepted  ;    as  likewife,  Williarn 
**  Earl  of  Newcajlle,  and  George  Lord  Digby. 

14. 


Chap.I.  O/" /i&f  Pu  RITAN  S.  II 

14.  "  That  fuch  Members  of  Parliament  as  have    King 
**  been  turned  out  of  their  Places  fince  the  Beginning  ^^'^''^^J  ^* 
**  of  this  Parliament   may   be  reftored,    and   may  \^^Xj 
"  have  fome  Reparation,  upon  the  Petition  of  both  ^^^^ 
"  Houfes." 

Thefe  Things  being  granted  and  performed,  we 
/hail  be  enabled  (fay  they)  to  make  it  our  hopeful 
Endeavour,  that  your  Majefty  and  your  People  may 
enjoy  the  Bleffings  of  Peace,  Truth,  and  Juftice  — 

The  Bills  mentioned  in  the  fourth  Propofition  were 
thefe: 

The  firfl;  is  entitled,  an  A5i  for  the  Supprejfwn  of  di-^ui  a- 
vers  Innovations  in  Churches  and  Chapels  in  and  about  thegahfi  itt^ 
Worfhnp  of  God  -,  and  for  the  due  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  no-uatioM, 
Day,  and  the  better  ^Advancement  of  Preaching  Cod*s  holy  Husband*/ 
^ord  in  all  Parts  of  this  Kingdom.  ^^'(^^  ^ 

It  enads,  "  That  all  Altars  and  Rails  be  taken 
"  away  out  of  Churches  and  Chapels  before  April  18. 
*'  1643.  and  that  the  Communion  Table  be  fix'd  in 
"  fome  convenient  Place  in  the  Body  of  the  Church. 
*«  That  all  Tapers,  Candlefticks,  Bafons,  Crucifixes, 
**  Crofles,  Images,  Pidrures  of  Saints,  and  fuperfti- 
"  tious  Infcriptions  in  Churches,  or  Church  Ifards, 
*'  be  taken  away  or  defaced. 

"  That  all  Damages  done  to  the  Churches,  or 
"  Windows  of  Churches,  by  the  Removal  of  any  of 
'*  the  aforefaid  Innovations,  be  repaired  by  the  pro- 
*'  per  Officers  of  the  Parifli  or  Chapel. 

"  This  Ad  is  not  to  extend  to  any  Image,  Pi- 
"  dure,  or  Monument  for  the  Dead. 

It  cnads  further, "  That  all  Bowing  towards  the  Al- 
**  tar,  or  at  the  Name  ofjefus,  fhall  be  forborn  j  and 
**  for  the  better  Obfervation  ot  the  Sabbath,  that 
**  all  Dancing,  Gaming,  Sports  and  Paftimes,  fhall 
**  be  laid  afide.  That  every  Minifter  that  has  Cure 
•*  of  Souls  fhall  preach,  or  expound  the  Scriptures, 
•*  or  procure  fome  other  able  Divine  to  preach  to 

*'  his 


12  "The  HISirORY         ToLm. 

King    "  his  Congregation  every  Lord's  Day  in  the  Fore- 
Charles  I.tt  fjQQn  .  afj(j  j[  |jj3|.|  bg  lawful  for  the  Parifhioners 
s^-y^^*'  to  provide  for  a  Sermon  in  the  Afternoon,  and- a 
"  Lecture  on  the  Week-Day,    where  there   is  no 
*«  other  Ledure,  or  Preaching  ac  the  fame  Time  \ 
"  and  if  any  Perfon  oppofe  or  hinder  them  he  Ihall 
*«  forfeit  forty  Shillings  to  the  Poor. 
Husb.      :     The  fecond,  entitled  an  A51  for  the  uHer  aholijinngy 
Colleft.    ^^^  taking  away  of  all  Archhijhops,  Bijhop^  their  Chancelr- 
Icrs,  andC'ommiJfaries,  &c. 'has  been  already  inferted  ia 
-the  former  Part  of  this  Hiflory,  Fol.  II.  p.  584. 
^fZda-     The  third  is  entitled,  an  A£f  for  Punijhing  fcanda- 
loHs  Clergy M^^  Clergymen,  and  others. 

HiTsb^  "»      ^t  ordains,  *'  That  the  Lord  Chancellor,  or  Lord 
Colled.     "  Keeper,  for  the  Time  being,  fhall  award  Com- 
Fol.  129.  «  miflions  under  the  great  Seal,  to  Perfonsof  Worth 
,    "  and  Credit  in  every  County  of  £«g/^«^  and /i^rt/(?j  ; 
*'  which  Comm;lTioners,  or  any  Three,  or  more  of 
*'  them,  dial)  have  Power  to  enquire  by  the  Oaths 
-***  of  twelve  lawful  Men  of  the  laid  County  of  the  fol- 
**  lowing  Offences  in  the  Clergy  (viz.)  not  Preach- 
*'  ing  fix  Times  at  leaft  in  a  Year,    by  any  ec- 
-«?clefiaftical.  Perfon    having  Cure  of  Souls  under 
*'  the  Age  of  Sixty,    and  not   hinder*d   by  Sick- 
,*'  nefsor  Imprifonment:   Of  Blafphemy,   Perjury, 
*«  or  Subornation  of  Perjury,  Fornication,  Adulte- 
**  ry,  common  Ale-Houfe  or  Tavern  hunting,  Drun- 
•'  kennefs,    profane  Swearing  or  Curfiug,  done  or 
<*  committed  within  three  Years  pad,  by  any  Parfon 
*'  or  Vicar,  or  other  Perfon   having  Cure  of  Souls, 
^'  or  by  aJiy  Ledturer,  Curate,  Stipendiary,  School- 
**  Mafter,  or  U (her  of  any  School.     The  Commif- 
**  fioners  .fhall  take  Information  by  Articles  in  Wri- 
.*«  ting  ;  the  Party  complaining  to  be  bound  in  a  Re- 
•*'  cognizance  of  ten  Pounds  to  profecute  at  a  Time 
'*  appointed  J  the.  Articles  of  Complaint  being  firft 
««  delivered  to  the  Party  complain'd  of,  twenty  Days 
*'  before  the  Trial,    that  he  may  prepare  for  his 
<*  Defence.'   Upon   Convidion,    by  the.Verdid  of 
•-•  i  "  twelve 


Chap.  I.  .0/  /^/f  P  U  R  I  T  A  N  S.  I J 

*'  twelve  Men,  th^  Party  complained  of  fliall  be  de-     ^ifg 
"  pr ived  of  his  fpiritua)  Promotions,  and  be  adjud-^^"^^,^  ^• 
*<  gedadiiabled  Perlon  in  Law,  to  have  and  enjoy  ,J-,Jj^ 
"  the  fame  Incumbency  or  ecclefiaftical  Promotion. 
*'  This"A(5t  to  continue  till  Nov.  i.  1645.  and  no 
*'  longer. 

The  fourth  is  entitled,  an  J^  againjl  the  enjoy iftgA^^^«fi\ 
Pluralities  of  Benefices  by  fpiritual  Perfons,  and  Non-Re^ 2Tsot-' 

fldence.  '       '.  '  Reftdence. 

It  enads,  "  That  all  Perfons  that  have  two  or-Husb.CoU. 
*'  more  Benefices  with  Cure  of  Souls,  of  wha:  year-Fol.  140.' 
**  ly  Value  foever  they  be,  Ihall  refign  them  All  but 
*'  one,  before  April  i.  1643.  any  Licence,   Tolera- 
**  tion.  Faculty,  or  Difpenfation  ^o  the  contrary  not- 
*'   withftanding. 

**  That  if  any  fpiritual  Perfon,  having  Cure  of 
*'  Souls,  fhall  be  abfent  from  his  Cure  above  ten 
"  Sundays,  or  eighty  Days  in  a  Year,  except  in 
*'  cafe  of  Sicknefs,  Imprifonment,  or  except  he  be 
*'  a  Reader  in  either  Univerfity,  or  be  fummoned  to 
*'  Convocation  -,  and  be  thereof  lawfully  convi6l:ed  in 
"  any  Court  of  Juflice,  that  his  Living  fliall  ,bc 
"  deemed  void,  and  the  Patron  have  Power  to  nomi* 
;**  nate  another  Perfon,  as  if  the  former  Incumbent 
f\  was  dead.  •.  ^  • 

The  fifth,  For  calling  an  AJfe?nhly  of  learned  and  god^ 
ly  Divines  to  he  confultpd_with  by  the  Parliament,  for  the 
Settling  of  the  Government  and  Liturgy  of  the  Churchy 
and  for  the  Vindieating  and  Clearing  of  the  Do^rine  of  the 
Church  of  Rnghnd  fro?n  falfe  Afperjions  and  Interpreta-^ 
iions,  will  be  inferted  at  large,  when  we  come  to  the 
Sitting  of  the  Afiembly. 

To  the  forementioned  Propofitions  and  !pllls,  hi$ 
Majefty,  after  a  fharp  Reply  to  the  Preamble,  re- 
turned the  following  Anfwer  ;  That  though  many  of 
them  were  deftrudiveof  hisjuft  Power  an'd  Preroga- 
tive, yet  becaufe  they  might  be  mollified  and  explain- 
€d  upon  Debates,  he  ispleafed  to  agree,  that  a  Time 

and 


14  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King  and  Place  be  appointed  for  the  .Meeting  of  Com- 
Ckarles  I.  miffioners  on  both  Sides  to  difcufs  them,  and  to  con- 
xJ''^^^  fider  of  the  following  Propolals  of  his  own. 


The  King's     j.  «c  That  his  Majefty*s  Revenues,    Magazines, 

Propofals,  «c  Xowns,  Forts,  and  Ships,  may  be  forthwith  re- 

Rujbw.     „  ftored. 

».Vdo.'  2-  "  ^^^'  whatfoever  has  been  done,  or  publifh- 
<'  ed  contrary  to  the  known  Laws  of  the  Land,  and 
««  his  Majefty's  legal  Rights,  may  be  renounced  and 
"  recalled. 

3.  "  That  whatever  illegal  Power  over  his  Maje- 
**  fty*s  Subjeds  has  been  exercifcd  by  either,  Dr 
*«  both  Houfes,  or  any  Committee,  may  be  dif- 
'«  claimed,  and  all  Perfons  that  have  been  im- 
••  prifoned  by  virtue  thereof  be  forthwith  dif- 
"  charged. 

4.  "  That  a  good  Bill  may  be  framed,  for  the 
*'  better  preferving  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  from 
«*  the  Scorn  and  Violence  of  Browni/ls,  Anahaptijlsy 
"  and  other  Sedaries,  with  fuch  Claufes  for  the  Eafe 
«  of  tender  Confciences  as  his  Majefty  has  formerly 
*<  offered. 

5.  "  That  all  Perfons  to  be  excepted  out  of  the 
««  general  Pardon  fhall  be  tried /'(frP^r^j,  according  to 
*«  common  Courfe  of  Law,  and  that  it  be  left  to  that, 
*'  to  acquit  or  condemn  them. 

6.  *'  That  in  the  mean  Time  there  be  a  Ceflation 
«'  of  Arms,  and  free  Trade  for  all  his  Majefty's  Sub- 
••»  jeds  for  twenty  Days." 

His  Majefty  defired  the  laft  Article  might  be  firft 
fettled,  by  which  he  propofed  not  only  to  gain  Time, 
but  to  provide  himfelf  with  fcveral  Neceffaries  from 
Rapin,  London,  and  to  convoy  fafely  to  Oxford  the  Ammuni- 
P«  ^9-  tion  and  other  Stores,  the  Queen  had  lately  landed  at 
Burlington  Bay  ;  but  the  Parliament  were  too  fenfiblc 
of  his  Defigns  to  confent  to  it.  They  therefore  em- 
powered  their  Commifllonera  to  begin  with  the  fitft 

Propo- 


Chap.I.         of  the  PuiLiT  AH  s.  i^ 

Propofirion,  concerning  Rejloring  the  Revenues  of  the     King 
Crown,  nnd  the  Delivery  of  his  Majeftfs  Magazines^  Charles  I. 
Towns,  Forts  a7jd  Ships,  &c.     All  which  they  werey^?^^ 
authorized  to  agree,  on  condition  the  Perfons  with^^^^ 
whom  he  would  intruft  them  were  fuch  as  they  could 
confide  in.     To  which  the  King  replied,    that  the 
Oaths  of  the  Officers  were  a  fufficient  Security,  and  if 
they  abufed  rheir  Truft  he  would  leave  them  to  the 
Law.     The  Commiflioners  then  went  upon  the  other 
Articles,  and  fpun  out  the  Treaty  till   the  12th  of 
yipril,    without  concluding  one  fingle   Point,     The 
King  would  be  reftored  to  the  Condition  he  was  in 
"before  the  War,  upon  a  bare  Promife,  that  he  would 
govern  for  the  future  according  to  Law  *,  but  the 
Parliament  were  refolved  not  to  truft  themfelves, 
nor  the  Conftitution  in  his  Hands,  without  the  Re- 
drefs  of  fome  Grievances,    and  a   better  Security. 
Mr.  Whitlock  fays.  That  the  Commiflioners  (of  which 
he  was  one)  having  been  with  the  King  one  Evening 
till  Midnight,  gave  his  Majefty  fuch  Rcafons  tocon- 
fenc  to  a  very  material  Point,  which  would   have 
much  conduced  to  an  happy  Iflue,  and  Succefs  of  the 
Treaty,  that /.?,?  told  them,  He  was  fully  fatisfied,  ^w^Whitl. 
■promijed  to  let  the?n  have  his  Anfwer  in  writing,  accord-  ^^"* 
ing  to  their  defire,  next  Morning.     But  when  the  Com-^'  ^* 
miflioners  were  withdrawn,  fome  of  the  King's  Bed- 
chamber, and  they  went  higher^  fearing  the  King's 
Conceflions  would  tend  to  Peace,  never  left  perfwa- 
ding  him,  till  he  had  altered  his  Refolution,  and  gave 
-  Orders  for  the  following  Anfwer  to  be  drawn  up  di- 
■  redly  contrary  to  what  he  had  promifed  the  Com- 
miffioners. 

"  As  foon  as  his  Majefty  is  fatisfied  concerning  Rufhw. 
**  his  own  Revenue,  Magazines,  Ships  and  Forts,  Vol.  V. 
•  *•  in  which   he  defires  nothing,    but   that  the  juftP*^9> 
♦*  known  legal  Rights  of  his  Majefty,  devolved  to^  °* 
•*  him  from    his    Progenitors,    and  of  the  Perfons 
"  trufted    by   him,   which    have   violently   been 

'*  taken 


i6  t;^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

King    ««  taken    from     both,     be    reftored    to    him    and 
^Charles  I.ts  them-— — 

y^^^^      "  As  foon  as  all  the  Members  of  both  Houfes 

v^^V^'w  .  ^  Ihall  be  reftored  to  the  fame  Capacity  of  fitting  and 

"  voting  in  Parliament,  as  they  had  on  the  ift  of 

«'  Jan. 164.1.  the  fame  Right  belonging  unto  them 

"  by  their  Birthrights,    and  the  free  Elections  of 

**  thofe  that  fent  them  ;  and  having  been  voted  from 

**  them  for  adhering  to  his  Majefty  in  thefe  Diftra- 

«*  (Ttions  ♦,  his  Majefty  not  intending  that  this  ftiould 

*'  extend  either  to  the  Biffeops,    whofe  Votes  have 

**'  been  taken  away  by  Bill;   or  to  fuch  in  whofe 

•«'  Places,  upon  new  Writs  new  Eledions  have  been 

«*  made. 

X     *'  As  foon  as  his  Majefty  and  both  Houfes  may 

■**  be  fccured  from  fuch  tumultuous  Aflemblies,  as 

■*'  to  the  great  Breach  of  the  Privileges,  and  the  high 

"  Difhonour  of  Parliaments,  have  formerly  affembled 

•*  about  both  Houfes,  and  awed  the  Members  of  the 

*'  fame  ;  and  occafioned  two  feveral  Complaints  from 

'*■'  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  two  feveral  Defires  of  that 

•'  Houfe  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  to  join  in  a 

««  Declaration   againft   them,    the  complying  with' 

«  which  Defire  might  have  prevented  all  the  mifera- 

*'  ble  Dlftra(5tions  which  have  enfued  ;    which   Se- 

«*  curity  his  Majefty  conceives  can  be  only  fettled  by 

v>*  adjourning  the  Parliament  to  fome  other  Place, 

*«  at  the  leaft  twenty  Miles  from  London,  the  Choice 

«*  of  which  his  Majefty  leaves  to  both  Houfes. 

"  Plis  Majefty  will  then  moft  chearfully  and  readi- 
<'  ly  confent,  that  both  Armies  be  immediately  dif- 
*'  banded,  and  give  a  prefent  Meeting  to  both  his 
<*  Houfes  of  Parliament,  at  the  fame  Time  and 
**  Place,  at,  and  to  which  the  Parliament  fhall  agree 
*«  to  be  adjourned. 

"  His  Majefty  being  confident,  that  the  Law  will 
•  «*  then  recover  the  due  Credit  and  Eftimation,  and 
?  •*  that  upon  a  free  Debate,  in  a  full  and  peaceable 
:-*'  Convention  of  Parliament,  fuch  Provifions  will 

"be 


Chap.  I.         o/'  A^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  17 

**  be  made  againft  feditious  Preaching  and  Printing     King 

"  againfl:   his    Majefty,    and  the  eftablifhed  Laws,^^^"'^^  '^• 

«*  which  hath  been  one  of  the  chief  Caufes  of  thCyL^JI^ 

*'  prefent  Diftradions  *,  and  fuch  Care  will  be  taken 

**  concerning  the  legal  and  known  Rights  of  his  Ma- 

*»  jefty,  and  the  Property  and  Liberty  of  his  Sub- 

"  jedis,  that  whatfoevcr  hath  been  publilhed  or  done 

*'  in,  or  by  Colour  of  any  illegal  Declarations,  Or- 

*'  dinances,  or  Order  of  one  or  both  Houfes,    or 

**  any  Committee  of  either  of  them,  and  particular- 

*'  ly  the  Power  to  raife  Arms  without  his  Majefty*s 

'*  Confent,    will  be  in  fuch  manner  recalled,    dif- 

*'  claimed,  and  provided  againft,  that  no  Seed  will 

**  remain  for  the  like  to  fpring  out  of  for  the  future, 

*'  to  difturb  the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom,  and  to  en- 

•'  danger  the  very  Being  of  it'— 

This  refolute  Anfwer  broke  off  the  Treaty,  and 
left  the  Quarrel  to  be  decided  by  the  Sword ;  upon 
which  Bifhop  Rennet  makes  the  following  Remark, 
"  *Tis  to  be  lamented,  that  fome  of  the  King's  moll Compl. 
"  intimate  Friends  were  againft  his  concludincr  a  ' 
"  Peace,  and  Others  were  againft  his  obtaining 
"  an  ablolute  Vidory.  They  were  afraid  he  Ihould 
*'  comply,  left  his  Prerogative  might  not  be  great 
"  enough  to  proteft  him  •■>  and  yet  afraid  he  fhould 
'*  conquer,  left  he  might  be  tempted  to  afifume  an 
*'  arbitrary  Power.**  *Tis  plain  from  hence,  that 
by  Peace  the  King  meant  nothing  but  being  reftored 
to  all  the  Prerogatives  of  his  Crown  as  before  the 
War,  without  any  additional  Security ;  and  that 
there  was  no  room  for  a  Treaty  till  the  previous  Que- 
ftion  was  determined,  Whether  there  was  jufi  Renfon 
to  confide  in  the  King,  and  refiorc  him  to  bis  Rights  upon 
bis  bare  Vromife  of  governing  by  Law  for  the  future  ?  For 
all  the  Propofitions  neceflarily  lead  to  this  Point,  and 
till  this  was  decided  it  was  in  vain  to  lofe  Time  upon 
the  others. 

Vol.  III.  C  Thus 


i8  7y&^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Xw^  Thus  ended  the  Year  1642.  in  which  died  the  fa- 
^^^'J'l^' mous  Tobias  Crifp,  D.  D.  third  Son  of  Ellis  Crifp,  of 
^^^,^^^  London,  Efq;  He  was  born  in  Bread-Street,  London^ 
Death  and  "^^oo.  educated  at  Eaton  School,  and  having  took 
charaBer  the  Degree  of  Batchelor  of  Arts  at  Camhridge  retired 
^^  ■^^'  to  Oxford,  and  was  incorporated  into  Baliol  College 
"^'  in  the  Beginning  of  Feb.  1626.  In  the  Year  1627.  he 
became  Re6lor  of  Brinkworth  in  Wiltjhire,  and  a  few 
Years  after  proceeded  D.  D.  At  Brinkworth  he  was 
much  followed  for  his  edifying  Manner  of  Preaching, 
and  for  his  great  Hofpitality.  Upon  the  Breaking 
out  of  the  War  he  was  obliged  to  fly  to  London,  to 
avoid  the  Infolencies  of  the  King's  Soldiers ;  where 
his  peculiar  Sentiments  about  the  Dodrines  of  Grace 
being  difcovered,  he  met  with  a  vigorous  Oppofuion 
from  the  City  Divines.  The  Doftor  in  his  younger 
Years  had  been  a  Favourer  of  jirminianifm,  but  chan- 
ging his  Opinions,  he  ran  into  the  contrary  Extream 
of  Jntinomianifm,  He  was  cercainly  a  learned  and  reli- 
gious Perfon,  modefl  and  humble  in  his  Behaviour, 
fervent  and  laborious  in  his  minifterial  Work,  and 
txzdi  in  his  Morals.  Mr.  Lancafter,  the  Publifher  of 
his  Works,  fays,  "  That  his  Life  was  fo  innocent 
*'  and  harmlefs  from  all  Evil ;  fo  zealous  and  fervent 
*'  in  all  Good,  that  it  feemed  to  be  defigned  as  a 
*'  practical  Confutation  of  the  Slander  of  thofe  who 
*'  would  infinuate,  that  his  Docftrine  tended  to  Li- 
*'  centioufnefs."  The  Doflcr  was  pofTefTed  of  a  ve- 
ry large  Eftate,  with  which  he  did  a  great  deal  of 
Good  •,  but  being  engaged  in  a  grand  Difpute  againfl 
feveral  Opponents  (if  we  may  believe  Mr.  Wood)  he 
over-heated  himfelf,  and  fell  Sick  of  the  Small-Pox, 
of  which  he  died  Feb.  27.  1642.  and  was  buried  in 
the  Family  Vault  in  Bread-Jlreet,  London.  In  his  laft 
Sicknefs  he  was  in  a  moft  comfortable  and  refigned 
Frame  of  Mind,  and  declared  to  them  that  flood  by 
his  firm  Adherence  to  the  Dodrines  he  had  preached  ; 
that  as  he  had  lived  in  the  Belief  of  the  Free  Grace 
of  God  through  Chrift,  fo  he  did  now  with  Confi- 
dence 


Chap.  I.         of  tbe  Fv  RiT  AN  s.  19 

dence  and  great  Joy,  even  as  much  as  his  prefent     King 
Condition  was  capable  of,  refign  his  Life  and  Soul^^"K?  ^' 
in[o  the  H.inds  of  his  heavenly  Father.     He  pub-,^L^^ 
Jifhed  nothing  in  his  Life-time,    but  after  his  Death 
his  Sermons  were  publifhed  in  three  Volumes  from  his 
own  Notes,  which  with  fomc  Additions,  were  reprint- 
ed by  his  Son,  in  one  Volume  Quarto,  about  the  Year 
1689.  and  gave  Occafion  to  fome  intemperate  Heats 
among  the  Non-Conformifl  Minifters  of  thofe  Times. 

Towards  the  End  of  this  Year  died  Rchert  Lord^*""^ 
Brooke,  a  virtuous  and  religious  Gentleman,  a  good^'"°^^^' 
Scholar,  and   Patriot  of  his  Country,  but  a  deter- 
mined Enemy  of  the  Hierarchy.     In  the  Beginning 
of  the  War  he  took   part  with  the  Parhament,  and 
being  made  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  Counties  o( PFar- 
"ivick  and  Stafford,  put  himfelf  at  the  Head  of  twelve 
Hundred  Men,    and   marched  againft  the  Earl  of 
Cbeflerfield  'Si.z  Litchfield,  whom  hediflodgcd  from  the 
Town,  March  i.  but  next  Day  as  he  was  looking 
out  of  a  Window  with  his  Beaver  up,    and  giving 
Diredtion  to  his  Soldiers  to  affault  St.  Chad's  Church, 
adjoining  to  the  Clofe  where  the  Earl  of  Chejlerfield's 
Forces  lay,  a  MufketBall  ftruck  him  near  the  left  Eye, 
of  which  he  inflantly  died.    The  Parliamentary  Chro- 
nicle calls  him  *'  the  moft  noble,  and  ever  to  be  ho-P-i?*. 
**  noured,  and  renowned,  pious  L.ord  Brooke,  whofe 
"  moft  illuftrious  Name  and  Memory,  both  for  his 
•'  Piety,  Prudence,  incomparable  Magnanimity,  and 
"  heroick  martial  Spirit,  for  his  Loyalty  to  the  King, 
"  and  Fidelity  to  hisCountry,deferves  to  remain  deep- 
"  ly  engraven  in  Letters  of  Gold  on  high  ereded 
"  Pillari,  of  Marble."  On  the  other  hand  Archbifhop 
Laud  in  his  Diary,  has  fome  very  remarkable  Obfer- 
vations  upon  his  Death,    which  fhew  the  Superfli- 
tion  of  that  Prelate.     *'  Firji,  (fays  his  Grace)  iD'ary, 
**  obferve,  that  this  great  and  known  Enemy  10  Ca-P*  ^°'^ 
"  thedral  Churches  died  thus  fearfully,  in  theAlTaulc 
*'  of  a  Cathedral;  a  fearful  Manner  of  Death  in  fuch 
**  a  Quarrel  1    Sscondh,   That  this  happen'd  upon 

C  2  ''St. 


20  r/?;^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

Kif7g     «  St.  Chad*s  Day,  of  which  Saint  che  Cathedral  bears 
Charles  I.ct  ^^e  Name.     Thirdly,  That  this  Lord  coming  from 
^^,,^A^  *'  Dinner  about  two  Years  fince  from  the  Lord  Her- 
"  berths  Houfe  in  Lambeth,  upon  fome  Difcourfe  of  Sc. 
**  Paulas  Church  then  in  their  Eye  upon  the  Water, 
*'  faid  CO  fome  young   Lords  that  were  with  him, 
*'  That  he  hoped  to  live  to  fee  that  one  Stone  of  that 
"  Building  fhould  not  be  left  upon  another  j  but  that 
"  Church  (lands  yet,  and  that  Eye  is  put  our,  that 
*'  hoped  to  fee  the  Ruins  of  it." 
Tom-  While  the  Treaty  of  Oxford  was  depending  his 

kjnsiP/o/.]y]^j^,^^y»g  p^iends  in  the  City  were  contriving  to  bring 
Vol  v"     ^'"^  ^°  London,  and  deliver  the  Parliament  into  his 
„  j'jj.'     Hands.    Mr.  Tomkins,  Chaloner,  and  Waller  a  Member 
Rapin,  p.°^  ^^^  Houfe  of  Commons,  in  Conjundion  with  fome 
150,  15^. others  were  to  carry  off  the  King's  Children,  to  fe- 
cure  the  moft  adlive  Members  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons, as  Mr.  P)7/z,  Hampden,  Strode,  &c.    to  feize 
the  lower  and  the  Gates  of  the  City  with  the  Ma- 
gazines, and  to  let  in  a  Party  of  the  royal  Forces, 
who  were  to  be  at  hand  ;  for  all  which  they  had  the 
King's  CommifTion,    dated  March  16,   1643.     The 
Day  of  Rifing  was  to  be  the  laft  fFednefday  in  May  : 
but  the  Plot  was  difcovered  by  a  Servant  of  Tomkin5*s 
before  it  was  ripe  for  Execution,    upon  which  the 
Confpirators  were  apprehended  and   tried  ',  Tomk'ms 
and  Chaloner  confefTed  the  Fadls,  and  were  executed  ; 
but   Waller   purchafed    his  Life    for  ten  Thoufand 
Pounds,  and  was  banifhed. 
A  new         Upon  this    Difcovery    both    Houfes  refolved    to 
oath  er     ftrengthen   themfelves  by  a  new  Covenant  or  FoWy 
avenant,  ^j^j^,}^  ^^5  tender'd  firft  to  their  own  Members,  then 
Vol.  V,*     ^°  ^^^  Army,  and  fuch  of  the  People  as  were  willing 
p.  3*15.'     to  take  it.     In  it  they  declare,   "  Their  Abhorrence 
"  of  the  late  Plot,    and  engage  not  to  lay  down 
'*  their  Arms  as  long  as  the  Papifts  were  protected 
*'  from  Juftice,  but  to  afTift  the  Parliament  accord- 
"  ing  to  their  Abilities  in  the  juft  Defence  of  the 
**  Proteftant  Religion,  and  the  Liberties  of  the  Sub- 


Chap. I.  o/' //6^  P  U  R  I  T  AN  S.  2  1 

•*  ]qO:,  againft  the  Forces  railed  by  the  King,  without     King 
*'  their  Confent/'Ncverthelersthe  King's  Friends  were ^^2'*c3 1. 

not  difhearrened  from  entring  into  feveral  other  Com-  v,^— "t^ 
binationsagainll:  the  Fariiament  •,  onewasdilcovered  in 
Augujty  and  another  towards  the  latter  End  of  the  Year : 
Even  the  lower  Sort  of  Women,  to  the  Number  ofR-"^^^- 
two  or  three  Thouiand,  with  white  filk  Ribbons  in    "'    ' 
their  Hats,  went  in  a  Body  to  IVefifnifiJler  with  a  Pe-^ 
tiiion  for  Peace  upon  the  King's  Terms,    and  could 
not  be  difperfed  without  the  military  Arm  :  All  which 
was  occafioned  by  the  Correfpondence  the  King  held 
in  London,  in  Defiance  of  the  Ordinance  the  Parlia-  ' 

menc  had  publiflied  in  April  laft,  to  prevent  Spies  and 
Intelligences  from  Oxford  or  the  royal  Army,  coming 
to  any  part  of  the  Parliament's  Quarters. 

The  King  having  fliiled  in  his  Defigns  of  furprizingP'-''^^^''''*- 
the  City,  refolved  at  laft  to  ftarve  the  Citizens  '"^o'X^/?^^, 
their  Duty,  for  which  Purpofe  he  ifTued  a  Frochmii-^^^Uy  of 
tion,  July  17.  prohibiting  all  Intercourfe  of  Trade  London, 
and  Commerce  with  them,  and  exprefly  forbiding  all  Husb.  Col. 
Perfons  to  travel  to  London,  or  to  carry  any  Goods,  Fol.  237, 
Merchandize,  or  Provifions  thither,  without  fpeciaH*^*^' 
Licence  from   himfelf     By  another   Proclamation, 
[05lob.   17.]  his  Majefty  forbids  his  Subjedts  of  Scot- 
land^ and  all  foreign  Kingdoms  and  States  in  Amity 
with  him,    to   bring    any   Ammunition,    Provifion, 
Goods,  or  Merchandize,  of  any  Sort  to  London^  or 
any  other  Town  or  City  in  Rebellion  againft  him. 
The  Prohibiting  foreign  Merchandizes  had  very  little 
Influence  upon  the  Trade  of  the  City,  becaufe  the 
Parliament  were  Mafters  of  the  Seas  ;  but  the  Town 
of  Newcaflle  being  garrifoned  by  the  King,  the  Lon- 
doners  were  diftrelTed  the  following  Winter  for  Coals, 
which  obliged  them  to  have  Recourfe  to  the  digging 
Turf,  and  cutting  down  all  fell  Wood  on  the  Eftates  of 
Delinquents  within  fixty  Miles  of  London.     By  another 
Proclamation  his  Majefty  forbid  all  his  Subjeds,  up- 
on Pain  of  high  Treafon,  to  obey  the  Orders  of  Par- 
lir.rTient  j  and  all  Tenants  to  pay  their  Rents  to  fuch 

C  3  Land- 


22  r/^^  H I  S  T O  R  Y  VoLIII. 

^^»^    Landlords  as  adhered  to  the  Rebellion,  but  to  referve 
Chades  I.  thej„  f^j,  jjjg  Majcfty's  Ufe. 

\„0^y^^\^     After  this  Account  of  Things  *cis  reafonable  to 
The  People  fuppofe,  that  Very   extraordinary  Burdens  muft   be 
veducdto  laid  upon  the  People  on  both  Sides  to  fupport  the  Ex- 
%'"^*M-     P^"^^  °^  ^^^  ^2iT,     The  Parliament  at  Wepninjler 
'*'■'¥  'i>'.  Excifed  every  Thing,  even  the  Necefiaries  of  Life : 
All   Butchers   Meat    paid  one   Shilling   in   twenty  ; 
every  Rahbit  an  half  Penny  ;  and  Pigeons  one  Penny 
in  the  Dozen.     The  King's  Parliament  at  Oxford  did 
the  like  in  his  Majefty's  Quarters ;  and  by  an  Ordi- 
nance of  March  26.  following,  all  Perfons  and  Fami- 
lies within  the  Cities  of  Li?;z^c«  and  PFeJlminJier,  and 
the  Bills  of  Mortality,  were  to  pay  the  weekly  Value 
of  one  Meal  a  Week,  on  every  Tue/day,  for  the  pub- 
lick  Service,  which  they  were  fuppofed  to  abate  in 
their  Families.     Such   were    the   Hardfhips  of  tht 
Times ! 
succefj  of      xhe  King's  Affairs  this  Summer  were  very  profpe- 
'^1  ^'"^ ' rous,  and  threatened  the  Ruin  of  his  Enemies;  for 
-^"*     befides  his  Army,  which  had  been  recruiting  in  the 
0.98,99.  Winter,  the  Queen  furnifhed  him  with  foreign  Mo- 
ney,   and   with    two  Thoufand  Foot,    a    Thoufand 
Horfe,  a  Hundred  Waggons  laden  with  Ammuni- 
tion of  all  Sorts,  fix  Pieces  of  Cannon,  and  two  Mor- 
tars, Upon  which  the  Houfe  of  Commons  impeached 
her  of  High  Treafon,  for  levying  Forces  without  Con- 
fent  of  Parliament.     In  the  Month  of  April  the  Earl 
of  EJfex  befieged  and  took  the  Town  oi  Reading,  from 
whence  he  marched  within  ten  Miles  oi  Oxford,  where 
FrmcG  Ruperi  with  a  Party  of   Horfe  beat   up  his 
Quarters,    and  killed  the  Famous  Mr.  Hampden  in 
Chalgrave  Field,  after  which   Ejfex  retired,    and  put 
his  fickly  Forces  into  Quarters  of  Refrefhment.  In  the 
North  the  King's  Armies  had  a  Train  of  SuccefTes. 
Lord  Fairfax  was  defeated  by  the  Earl  of  Newcaflle 
tit'Atherflon  Moor,  June  30.    and  Sir  William  Waller 
at  tVie  Battles  of  Lanfdown.  and  Roundaway  Down, 
July  5th  and  13th.  which  was  followed  with  the  Lofs 

of 


Chap.  I.         o/* //6^  Pu  Ri  TAN  s.  23 

Q^lVejmcuth^  Dorcbejfer,  Portland  Caflle,   Exeter,  and     King 
almoft  all  the  Weft.     About  the  latter  End  of  7«/) Charleys  I. 
Prince  Rupert  befieged  and  took  the  City  of  Brijiol,  ^J^-^k^ 
and   the  King    himfelf   fat    down    before   Gloucejler 
\_Aug.  loxh.']  which  fo  alarmed  the  two  Houfes,  that 
the  Shops  in  London  were  ordered  to  be  fhut  till  the 
Siege  was  raifed,  and  a  ftrong  Body  of  the  Train'd 
Bands  difpatched  to  join  the  Earl  of  EJfcx^s  broken 
Troops,  who,  by  this  Means,  was  in  a  Condition  in 
fifteen  Days  to  march  to  the  Relief  of  that  important 
City  ;  upon  the  Earl's  Approach  the  King   raifed 
the  Siege,  and  EJfex  enter'd  the  Town,  when  redu- 
ced to  the  laft  Extremity  ;  and  having  fupplied  it 
with  all  Neceffaries,  after  three  Days  returned  to- 
wards London.     The  King  being  joined  by  Prince Rufhw. 
Rupert  with  five  Thoufand  Horfe,  got  before  him  to  Vol.  V. 
Newbury,  where  both  Armies  engaged   with   pret-P'  ^^^* 
ty  equal  Succefs,  till  Night  parted  them,  when  his 
Majefty    retired  toward  Oxford,    and  left  the  Way 
open   for  the  Earl   to  purfue  his  March.     In   this 
Battle  the  City  Trained  BnnJs,   by  their  undaonted 
Bravery,  are  laid  to  have  gained  immortal  Honour. 
But  it  is  the  Opinion  of  moft  Hiftorians,  that  if  inftead 
of  fitting  down  before  Glcucefier,  the  King  had  march- 
ed his  vidorious  Army  direftly  to  London  after  the 
taking  of  Briftol,  he  might  have  put  an  End  to  the 
War,  the  Parliament  being  in  no  Readinefs  to  oppofe     . 
him  *,  however  *tis  certain,  that  about  this  Time  the  * 
King's  Caufe  was  in  the  Height  of  its  Profperity, 
and  the  Parliament's  at  fo  low  an  Ebb,  that  they  were 
obliged  to  thj-ow  themfelves  into  the  Hands  of  the 
Scots.     But  it  is  no  Part  of  my  Defign  to  give  a  parti- 
ciilar  Defcription  of  Sieges  and  Battles,  or  a  Recital 
of  the  warlike  Exploits  of  the  Heroes  of  thefe  Times, 
any  further  than  to  inform  the  Reader  of  the  true  Si- 
tuation of  Affairs,  and  to  enable  him  to  form  a  juft 
Idea  of  the  Grounds  and  Reafons  of  thofe  extraordina- 
ry Meafures  that  each  Party  took  for  the  Support  of 

C  4  their 


24  !r/&^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

^,^^!'^  ,  ^^^''*  Caufc.    Lee  us  now  attend  the  Affairs  of  the 

v.,,.-Y^      '^^^  CJergy  on  both  Sides  had  a  deep  Share  in  the 
•y«#em-;5j  CaJamities  of"  the  Times,  being  plundered,  harrafs'd, 
cfti^e  pu~  impnTon'd,    and  their  Livings  fequefter'd,  as  they 
vjta»  ckr-feU  into  the  Hands  of  the  Enemy.     The  King's  Par- 
ty were  greatly  incenfed  againft  the  Puritan  Clergy, 
as  the  chief  Incendiaries  of  the  People  and  Trumpe- 
ters of  Rebellion.     Such  as  refufed  to  read  the  King's 
Proclamations    and  Orders   againfl    the  Parliament 
were  apprehended,  and  fhut  up  in  the  common  Gaols 
of2V/[',  and  other  Places  within  his  Majefty's  Quar- 
ters.    When  any  Parties  of  the  royal  Army  got  Pof- 
fefHon  of  a  Town  that  adher*d  to  the  Parliament,  they 
enquired  prefently  for  the  Minijler^s  Houfe,    which 
was  rifled  and  plundered  of  every  Thing  that  was  va- 
luable, and  himfelf  imprifoned,  if  he  could  be  found  i 
but  the  Incumbents  ufually  took  Care  to  avoid  the 
Danger,  by  flying  to  the  next  Parliament  Garrifon. 
Above  thirty  Puritan  Minifl:ers  took  Shelter  in  the 
City  of  Coventry  after  the  Fight  of  Edge-Hill.     Great 
Numbers  came  to  London  with  their  Families  in  a  na- 
ked and  flarving  Condition,  leaving  their  Books,  and 
every  Thing  they  could  not  bring  away,  to  the  Mer- 
cy of  the  King's  Soldiers.     The  Prifoners  underwent 
uncommon  Hardfliips,  and  would  have  been  execu- 
ted  as  Rebels^  if  the  Parliament  had  not  threaten'd 
•   Reprifals. 
Artd^f  the     On  the  other  hand,  the  Epifcopal  Clergy  were  no  lefs 
Bptfcopal.  harrafl^ed  by  the  Parliament  Soldiers  ;  thefe  being  in 
Pofl"eflion  of  the  beft  Livings  in  the  Church  were  li- 
able to  fufler  moft  Damage  •,  Multitudes  of  them  left 
their  Cures,  and  took  Sanduary  in  the  King's  Ar- 
mies or   Garrifons,  having  difpofed  of  their  Goods 
Walker's  and  Chatties  in  the  beft:  Manner  they  could.     Others 
p"^^^*j^^"' that  had  render'd  themfelves  obnoxious  by  their  Ser- 
P   ,8-*,     mons,  or  Declarations  for  the  King,  were  put  under 
Confinement  in  Lambeth,  Winchefier,  £/y,  and  moft 

of 


r 


Chap.  I.         of  fbe  "Pu  RiT  AK  s.  2^ 

of  the  Bifliops  Houfes  about  London  ;  and  for  want    King 
of  Room  about  twenty  (according  to  Dr.  IValker)^^^'^^'^^  ^• 
were  impriloned    on  Board  of  Ships  in  the  River (^L^;^ 
Tharnes,  and  fhutdown  under  Decks,  no  Friend  be- 
ing fuffered  to  come  to  them.     The  lame  Writer  ob- 
ferves,  that  about  one  Hundred  and  ten  of  the  London 
Clergy  were  turned  out  of  their  Livings  in  the  Years 
1642,  and  1643.  and  that  as  many  more  fled  to  pre- 
vent Imprifonment  -,  but  it  ought  to  be  remember*d, 
that  none  were  turned  out  or  imprifoned,  for  their 
adhering  to  the  DodtrineorDifciplineoftheChurch  of 
England^  till  aher  the  impofing  of  the  Scots  Covenant, 
but  for  Immorality,  falfe  Dodlrine,  Non-Refidence,  or 
for  taking  Part  with  the  King  againft  the  Parliament.    ■ 
However  it  is  to  be  lamented,  that  feveral  pious  and 
good  Bifliops,  and  other  Clergymen,  who  withdrew 
from  the  World,    and  were  defirous  to  Jive  peace- 
ably without  joining  either  Side,  fuffered  afterwards 
in  common  with  the  reft  of  their  Brethren  ;    their 
Eftates  and  Livings  being  fequefter'd,  their  Houfes 
and   Goods  very  often    plunder'd  by   ungovernable 
Soldiers,    and  themfelves  reduced  to  Jive  upon  the 
Fifths^  or  a  fmall  Penfion  from  the  Parliament,  either 
becaufe  they  could  not  take  the  Covenanty  or  comply 
with  the  new  Directory  for  pubJiclc  Worfhip.  Among 
thefe  we  may  reckon  the  moft  Reverend  Archbifliop 
UJher,  Bifliop  Morton^  Hall,  and  many  others.    When 
the  Bifliops  Lands  were  feized  for  the  Service  of  tlie 
War,  which  was  caJled  Bellum  Epifcopale  or  the  Bi- 
Jhops  fFar,  it  was  not  pofTible  to  fhew  Favour  to  an/ 
under  that  Character ;  and  though  the  two  Houfes 
voted  very  confiderable  Penfions    to   fome  of  the 
Bifliops,  in  lieu  of  their  Lands  that  were  fequefter'd, 
due  Care  was  not  taken  of  the  Payment ;  nor  wouJd 
feveral  of  their  Lordfliips  fo  far  countenance  the  Votes 
of  the  Houfes  as  to  apply  for  it. 

In  order  to  account  tor  thefe  Things,  it  will  be  nt-Commit- 
cefTary  tofet  before  the  Reader  the  Proceedings  of  the '^"/°*' 
feveral  Cornmittees  of  Religion  from  the  Beginning^^'^""** 

of 


26  r/-^  HISTORY         Vol.  III. 

Khg    of  the  prefent  Parliament.     It  has  been  remember *d, 
Charles  I.  that  ^  grand  Committee,    confifting  of  the  whole 
il^l^  Houfe  of  Commons,    was  appointed  Novemh.  6th. 
Walker's  1640.  to  enquire  into  the  fcandalous  Immoralities  of  the 
Attempt,  Clergy,  of  which  the  Famous  Mr.  ^/6z/^,  Member  of 
p.<^3'       Parliament  for  ^'o/z/^w^r/^,  a  good  Lawyer,  and,  ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Whitlock,    an  honeft,    learned,   and 
faithful    Servant   of    the   Publick,    was  Chairman. 
Great  Numbers  of  Petitions,  with  Articles  of  Mif- 
behaviour  were  brought  before  them,  relating  to  Su- 
perftition,  Herefy,  or  the  Immorality  of  their  Mi- 
niflers,  infomuch  that  the  Houfe  was  forced  to  branch 
the  Committee  into  feveral  Sub-divifions,    for  the 
Committee  (\\ncktv  Difpatch  of  Bufinefs.   Nov.  19.  1640.  a  Sub- 
forfcanda- Committee  was  appointed  "  to  confider  how  there  may 
Ions  Mim-n  j^g  preaching  Miniflers  fet  up  where  there  are  none ; 
^    *        *'  how  they  may  be  maintained  where  there  is  no 
"  Maintenance,  and  all  other  Things  of  that  Na- 
"  ture  ;  alfo  to  enquire  into  the  true  Grounds  and 
"  Caufes  of  the  great  Scarcity  of  preaching  Miniflers 
"  throughout  the  Kingdom,  and  to  confider  of  fome 
*'  Way  of  removing  fcandalous  Miniflers,  and  put- 
"  ting  others  in  their  Places."     For  which  Purpofes 
the  Knights  and  BurgefTes  of  the  feveral  Corporations 
were  ordered  to  bring  Informations  within  fix  Weeks, 
of  the  State  of  Religion  in  their  refpedive  Counties, 
This  Sub- Committee  confifled  of  Sixty  one  Members, 
together  with  the  Knights  and  Burgefles  of  Norihum- 
herland,  Wales,'  Lane  a/hire,  Cumberland,  and  the  Bur- 
gefTes of  Canterbury.     Mr.  White  was  Chairman  of 
this,  as  well  as  of  the  grand  Committee  \  they  had 
their  regular  Meetings  in   the  Court  of  Wards,  and 
from   the  Powers  abovementioned,  were  fometimes 
called  the  Committee  for  preaching  Minijters,    but 
more  ufualjy  {or  fcandalous  Minijlers.     They  had  the 
Infpeflion  of  all  Hofpitals  and  Free-Schools,    and 
'  were  authorized  to  confider  of  the  Expediency  of 
fending  CommifTions  into  the  feveral   Counties,    to 
examine    fuch    Clergymen    as    were  accufed,    and 

could 


Chap. I.         o/" /i6^  Pu  RiTAN  s.  27 

could    noc  with    Convenience   be    brought    up  to    ^''^ 
London.  '^^"'^  ^• 

Buc  Prefentmenrs  againft  the  Clergy  came  in  fo(^Ji^l^ 

faft,  that  for  thcDirpatchofBufmefs  they  were  obliged  Walkcr'x 
to  dividd  again  into  Teveral  fmaller  Committees,  which  Attempt, 
from  the  Names  of  the  Gentlemen  in  the  refpedliveP'^S* 
Chairs,  were  called  Mr.  White*s,  Corbei*s,  Sir  Robert 
Harlozv's,    and   Sir  Edward  Deering's   Committees, 
ij^c.     Within  a  fliort  Space  above  two  Thoufand  Pe- 
titions  were  brought   before  them,    of  which  Mr, 
Cori^d-^'s  Committee  had  no  lefs  than  nine  Hundred.  Bac 
greatComplaints  have  been  made  of  their  Severity,  by 
thofe  who  will  not  believe  the  Clergy  were  fo  corrupt 
as  really  they  were ;  nor  remember  the  political  Prin- 
ciples for  which  molt  of  them  fuffer'd.     The  Or- 
ders of   the   Committees    were    certainly   unexcep- 
tionable,   for  they  were  obliged  to  give  proper  No- 
tice to  the  Party  accufed  to  make  his  Appearance  ; 
the  VVi  nefl'es  were  ufually  examined  upon  Oath  in  Ibid, 
his  Prefence  i  a  Copy  of  the  Articles  was  given  himP-  ^'' 
it  defired,   and  a   reafpnable  Time  afTigned  to  pre- 
pare for  his  Defence.    The  Articles  of  Enquiry  on 
which  they  proceeded  were,   i.  Scandalous  Immora- 
lities of  Life,  as  Drunkennefs,    Swearing,    Inconti- 
nency,    and    fometimes    Blafphemy    and    Sodomy. 
2.   Falfe  or  fcandalous  Dodrines,  i.  e.    Popifh   and 
Arminian,  thefe  being  underftood  to  be  inconfiftenn 
with  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  En^and.     3,  Pro- 
fanation of  the  Sabbath,  by  reading  and  countenan- 
cing the  Book  of  Sports.     4.  Pradifing  and  prelling 
the  late  Innovations,  after  they  had  been  cenfur'd  by 
the  Parliament  as  illegal.     5.  Neglect  of  their  Cures, 
by  not  Preaching  according  to  their  Duty.     6.  Ma- 
lignancy and  Difaffeftion  to  the  Parliament,  difco- 
vered  by  their  afllfting  his  Majefty  with  Money,  and 
perfwading  others  to  do  fo  i   by  reading  the  King's 
Declarations,  and  refufing  to  read  the  Parliament's  ; 
by  not  obfcrving  the  Parliament's  Fafls,  but  calling 
them  Rebels,  TraytorSy   and  wijhing  the  Curfe  of  God 

upon 


28  7X^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

Khg    Upon  them  and  their  Caufe.    Thefe  were  apprehended 
Charles  I-reafonable  Matters  of  Enquiry,  and  juft  Grounds  of 
^J^J^  Exception,  as  Matters  flood  between  the  King  and  the 
two  Houfes.    But  after  all,  the  final  Determination 
was  not  with  the  Committee  ;  their  Opinion,  with  the 
Evidence,  was  firft  laid  before  the  grand  Committee, 
then  it  was  reported  to  the  whole  Houfe,  and  finally 
referr'd  to  the  Houfe  of  Lords  before  it  was  decifive. 
One  would  think,  here  Ihould  be  little  room  for  Com- 
plaint, and  yet  there  was  too  much  Paflion  and  Pre- 
judice on  both  Sides,  which  was  owing  to  the  Confu- 
fion  of  the  Times,  and  the  violent  Refentments  of 
each  Party.     The  Commiflloners  were  fometimes  too 
forward  in  expofing  the  Failings  of  the  Clergy,  and 
encouraging  Witnefiesof  flender  Credit ;  on  the  other 
hand,  the  Clergy  were  infufferably  rude  to  the  Com- 
mittee, defaming  the  WitnefTes,  and  threatening  Re- 
venge, for  being  obliged  to  plead  their  Caufe  before 
Laymen.     However,    few  Clergymen  were  feque- 
fter*d  by  the  Committee  for  fcandalous  Minifters  be- 
fore it  was  joined  with  that  ^or  plundered  Minijiers , 
an  Account  of  which  I  fhall  lay  before  the  Reader, 
after  I  have  given  two  or  three  Examples  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  prefent  Committee,  from  the  Rela- 
tions of  thofe  Clergymen  who  have  left  behind  them 
an  Account  of  their  own  Sufferings. 
Reverend       The  firfl  is  Mr.Symmonds^  of  Raynem  Effex^  who 
Mr-Sym-  acknowledges.  That  he  was  fequefter'd  for  preach- 
monds      j^g  3^,^  publifliing,    that  ihe  King  being  the  fupreme 
his  cafe^*  Magi/Irate  hath  immediate  Dependance  on  God,  to  whom 
Suff.  ckr- alone  he  is  accountable  — —  That  Authority  is  a  [acred 

gy,  p.  67 'Thing,  and  ejfential  to  the  King*s  Per  [on That  Refi- 

[lance  is  againjl  the  PFay  of  God,  deflruoiive  to  the  whole 
Law  of  God,  inconfijlent  with  the  Spirit  of  the  Gofpely 
ihe  perpetual  Practice  of  Chrijiianity,  the  Calling  of  Mi- 
nijiers,  common  Prudence,  the  Rule  of  Humanity,  Na- 
ture it  felf,  Reafon,  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  and  even  the 
late  Protejlation.  Befides,  he  had  notorioufly  defamed 
the  Parliament,  and  prefs'd  his  Auditors  lo  believe 

the 


Chap.  I.        o/"/^^  Puritans.  a^ 

rhe  King's  Declarations,  hecaufe  a  divine  Sentence  was    King 
in  his  Mouth,  and  he  cannot  err.     And  that  \i  David' s^'^^'^^^l  ^^ 
Heart  fmote  him   for  cutting  off  Saul*s  Garment,  yJ-J^ 
what  would  it  have  done  if  he  had  kept  him  from  his 
Caftles,  Towns,  and  Ships  ?  For  which  Reafons  the 
Lords  and  Commons  in  Parliament  affembled,  order- 
ed [.V/^^t/^  3,   1642.]  his  Living  to  be  fequeftered  in- 
to the  Hands  of  Robert  Atkins,  M.  A.  who  was  ap- 
pointed to  preach  every  Lord's  Day  till  further  Order. 
Mr.  Symmonds  endeavoured  todifcredit  the  Evidence, 
but  was  fo  far  from  difowning  the  Charge,  that  he 
afterwards  vindicated  ic  in  a  Pamphlet  entitled,  The 
loyal  SubjecTs  Belief. 

A  fecond  Gentleman,  who  has  left  an  Account  of  i^^'^';  J^^' 
his  Sufferings,  is  the  Reverend  Mr.  Squire  of  Shore-^^^^r^' 
ditch  j  he  was  articled  againft  for  "  pra^iftng  ^«^ /"''?/ ditch.°'^^' 
*'  f'"i,  ^^^^  ^'^^^  Innovations,  for  faying  the  Papijis  w^^^Suff.  Cler. 
"  the  King*s  hefl  Subjects,  becaufe  of  their  Loyalty  and  p.  67. 
"  Liberality  ;  for  declaring  that  none  Jhotild  come  to  the 
"  Sacrament,    unlefs  they  iz>ere  as  'ujell  affe5ied  to  the 
* '   King  as  the  Papifis  i  for  co?nparing  his  Majefly  to  the 
**  Man  that  fell  among  Thieves,  being  wounded  in  his 
"  Honour,  and  robbed  of  his  Cafiles,  and  of  the  Hearts 
*'  of  his  People ;  that  the  Priefl  pafjing  by,  was  the  PrO" 
**  tefiant ;    the  forward  Profejor  the  Levite,  but  the 
*'  Papift  was  the  good  Samaritan  j   and  for  affirming^ 
*'  that  the  King's  Subjects,  and  all  that  they  had  were  at 
"  his  command."  Mr.  Squire  denied  fome  of  thefe  Arti- 
cles, and  extenuated  others ;  he  procured  a  Certifi- 
cate from  feveral  of  his  Parifhioners  of  his  Diligence 
in  Preaching,  in  Catechifing,  and  in  beating  down 
Popery,  for   thirty  Years  paft,  all  which  might  be 
true-,  but  Dr.  fValker  admits,  that  from  the  Begin- Ibid, 
ning  of  the  War  he  was  a  moft  ftrenuous  Champion P*  ^~^' 
for   Allegiance ;    that  is,    for  Paffive-Obedience  and 
Non-Refiftance,    and    moft    earneftly  exhorted    his 
People  to  the  Praftice  of  it,  which,  as  the  Times 
then  were,  might  be  a  fufficienc  Reafon  tor  the  Par- 
liament to  filence  him. 

The 


30  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  111. 

King        The  other  Clergyman  is  Mr.  Finch  ofchriji  Churchy 
Charles  I.^Jjq  ^^s  articled  againft  for  Extortion^  SuperJiitiGn^ 
y^/'^^^^  Non-Reftdencey  and  Negie£i  of  his  Cure^  and  for  being  a 
Rev.  Mr.  commott    Swearer,     Tavern- Hunter,     and     Drunkard, 
Finch*/   which  was  proved  by  very  fubftantial  Evidence*     Dr. 
ch"\     ^alker^s  Defence  of  this  Gentleman  is  very  remark- 
""^  *    able,  "  Common  Charity  (fays  he)  will  oblige  eve- 
AttenfuV  "  ry  °"^  ^^  g^^^  ^^^^  Credit  to  the  bare  Word  of 
p.  71.    *  *'  a  Clergyman,  though  in  his  own  Vindication,  than 
*'  to  that  of   his   known    and  profefs*d  Enemies.'* 
p.  72.       And  yet  in  the  next  Page  he  owns,  he  was  not  falif- 
fied  in  Mr.  Finches  Charadler,  nor  in  fome  Parts  of 
his  Defence,    in   which  he  thinks,    he  does  by  no 
Means  acquit  himfelffrom  having  been  a  Man  of  an 
ill  Life.      His  Cafe  was  reported  by  the  grand  Com- 
mittee to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  by  them  to 
the  Lords,  who  all  agreed  that  he  was  unfit  to  hold 
any  ecclefiaftical  Living. 

It  mufl  be  left  with  the  impartial  World  to  judge. 
Whether  the  Parliament  had  reafon  to  fequefter  thefe 
Clergymen,  in  their  own  Defence  ?  The  laft  was  a 
Man  of  an  immoral  Life,  and  the  two  former,  allow- 
ing them  to  be  otherwife  good  Men,  were  certainly 
Incendiaries  againft  the  two  Houfes,  and  preached 
up  thofe  Dodlrines  which  were  inconfiftent  with  the 
Conftitution  and  Laws  of  their  Country,  as  moft  of 
the  parochial  Clergy  at  that  Time  did. 
Commit-  The  Committee  for  Plundered  Ministers 
tee  for^  took  its  Rife  from  thofe  Puritan  Clergymen,  who 
plunder  d  bei^g  driven  from  their  Cures  in  the  Country  by  the 
tni/ers.  j^^^^*^  Soldiers  fled  to  London  with  their  Families, 
leaving  their  Subftance  and  Houfhold  Furnicure  to 
the  Mercy  of  the  Enemy  :  Thefe  being  reduced  to 
very  great  Poverty,  applied  to  the  Parliament  for 
Relief;  the  Commons  firft  ordered  a  charitable  Col- 
ledtion  for  them  at  their  monthly  Faft,  and  four 
Days  after,  viz.  December  0,1,  1642.  appointed  a 
Committee  to  confider  of  the  ficteft  Way /or  the  Relief 
of  fuch  godly  and  well  affe^ed  Miniflers  as  have  been 

^lun- 


Chap.  I.        o/*/^^  Puritans.  31 

plundered  1  and  what  7nalignant  Clergymen  have  Benefices    Ring 
in  and  about  the  Tozvn,   whofe  Benefices  being  fequejler*d^^^^^^  ^* 
may  be  fitpplied  by  others  ixiho  may  receive  their  Profits.  v,J-st^ 
The  Names  of  the  Commictee  were  Mr.  Solicitor,  Mr. 
Martyn^    Sir  Gilbert    Gerrard,    Sir    PFilliafn  ylr?nyny 
Mr.  Prideaux,   Mr.  Holland,    Mr.  Roufe,  Mr.  Cafe^ 
Mr.  Knightly,  Sir  JVilliam  Hayman,  Mr.  PFentworlh, 
Mr.  Ruthen,    Mr.  Wheeler,    and  Mr.  Spurftow,    to 
whom  were  afterwards  added  feme  others  *,  among 
whom  Dr./Fii/^^-r  fuppofes  was  the  Famous  Mr.  White,  f.  73. 
who  fat  in   the  Chair  of  this  Committee,  March  2. 
i64f.     The  Commiflioners  were  upon  their  Oath  ; 
any  Four  had  a  Power  to  ad  -,  they  were  diftinguifh- 
ed  by  the  Name  of  the  Co7nmittee  for  plundered  Mini- 
fiers ;  but  the  Royalifts,  by  way  of  Reproach,  call- 
ed them  the  Committee  for  plundering  Minifiers.    They 
began   their  Meetings  in   the  Court  of   Excheq^uer, 
Jan.  2.  in  the  Afternoon  ;  two  Days  after,  they  were 
ordered  to  examine  the  Complaints  againfl  Dr.  Soam, 
Minifber  of  Twittenham  and  Stains,  to  fend  for  Par- 
ties and  Witnefles,  to  confider  of  proper  Perfons  to 
fupply  the  Cures,    to  apply  the  Revenues  to  their 
Ufe  if  they  found  it  neceflary,    and  to  report  the 
whole  to  the  Houfe.   July  27.  1643.  they  were  im- 
powered  to  confider  of  Informations  zg^LinU  fcandalous 
Minifiers,  though  there  were  no  Malignancy  proved 
againft  them,  and  to  put  out  fuch  whofe  Scandal  was 
fufficienrly  proved  j  from  which  Time  the  Committee 
for  fcandalous  and  plundered  Minifiers  were  in  a  fort 
united,  and  fo  continued  to  the  End  of  the  Long  Par- 
liament. 

In  order  to  filence  the  Clamours  of  the  Royalifts,  white's 
and  juftify  the  fevere    Proceedings  of  thefe  Com- Century 
mittees,  it  was  refolved  to  print  the  Cafes  of  thofej    '^!^.'^*' 
whom  they  ejefled,  and  fubmit  their  Condud  to  the,^iftejs.' 
publick  Cenfure ;    accordingly,    towards   the  latter 
End  of  the  Year  Mr.  White  the  Chairman  publifh- 
ed  a  Pamphlet,  entitled,  1'hefirfl  Century  of  fcandalous 
malignant  Priefis,   made  and  ad?nitted  into  Benefices  by 

the 


V^/^ 


32  r/6^  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

King  the  Prelates^  in  whofe  Hands  the  Ordination  of  Minifters, 
Charles  l-and  Government  of  the  Church  hath  been  ;  or^  a  Narra- 
^^"^5*  tion  of  the  Caufes  for  which  the  Parliament  has  ordered 
theSequeflration  of  the  Benefices  of  fever  at  Minijlers  com- 
plained of  before  them,  for  Vitioufnefs  of  Life ^  Errors  in 
J)o^rine,  contrary  to  the  Articles  of  our  Religion^  and 
for  pra^ifing  and  fr  effing  fuperflttious  Innovations  again  ft 
Law,  and  for  Malignancy  againji  the  Parliament.  The 
Author  in  his  Preface  fays.  The  Reafon  of  his  ap- 
pearing in  print  was,  ^hat  the  Parliament  might  appear 
juft  in  their  Doings,  that  the  Mouth  of  Iniquity  might 
be  ft  opt  \  that  all  the  World  might  fee,  that  the  'Tongues  of 
them  that  fpeak  Evil  of  the  Parliament  are  fet  on  Fire  of 
Hell  *,  that  they  hide  themfelves  under  Falfhood,  and  fnake 
Lies  their  Refuge.  And  then  adds.  That  the  groffejl 
Faults  which  were  charged  on  the  Clergy  were  proved  by 
many  Witneffes,  feldom  lefs  than  fix.  The  whole  Cen- 
tury were  convided  of  Malignity,  or  Difaffeftion  to 
the  Parliament  •,  and  about  Eighty  of  them  of  fcan- 
dalous  Immoralities  in  their  Lives.  Dr.  IValker  has 
endeavoured  to  recover  the  Reputation  of  Seven  or 
Eight,  and  would  infinuate  that  the  reft  were  con- 
vidted  upon  too  flender  Evidence,  the  Witneffes  not 
being  always  upon  Oath,  nor  in  his  Opinion,  of 
lufficient  Credit  to  impeach  a  Clergyman  ;  that  fome 
of  the  Crimes  were  capital,  and  therefore  if  they  had 
been  prov'd,  muft  have  touch*d  not  only  the  Li- 
vings but  the  Lives  of  the  Criminals ;  and  that  the 
Parliament  who  fet  up  for  precife  Morals,  accepted 
the  meer  verbal  Evidence  ot  the  moft  infamous 
People.  However  the  Doctor  himfelf  has  admitted 
and  confirmed  the  Centurift^s  Account  of  many  of  thefe 
fcandalous  Minifters,  by  the  Enquiries  he  has  made 
into  their  Chara(fters  in  the  Places  from  whence  they 
were  ejeded.  Mr.  Fuller  confeffes,  "  That  feveral 
"  of  the  Offences  of  the  Clergy  were  fo  foul,  that  it 
*'  is  a  Shame  to  report  them,  crying  to  Juftice  for 
"  Punifhment.'*  But  then  adds  in  favour  of  others, 
«*  That  Witneffes  againfl  them  were  feldom  exami- 

♦*  ned 


Ctler  Te- 
fiinionies 
of  their 
Charaffer. 
Hift. 
p.  Z07. 


Chap.  I.         of  the  Pu  KIT  Aii  9.  33 

*'  ned  on  Oath.     That  many  of  the   Complainers     K'»g 
*'  were  fadious  People.     That  feme  of  the  Clergy  ^'^^^^^  ^* 
*'  were  convicted  for  delivering  Doctrines  that  were  ,^Lt^ 
*'  difputable,    and  others   only  for  their  Loyalty.'* 
Bifliop  Kennet  fays,  I'hat  feveral  of  them  were  Vicious 
to  a  Scandal.     And  Mr.  Archdeacon  Eachard  is  of 
the  fame  Mind.     But    Mr.  Baxter^  Tellimony    is 
more  particular  and  decifive,  who  fays,   *'  That  in  Baxter's 
**  all  the  Countries  where  he  was  acquainted  fix  /(?Liie,p.74.; 
*'  one  at  leajl,  if  not  many  more,  that  were  feque- 
"  fter'd  by   the  Committees,  were  by  the  Oaths  of 
*'  Witnefles   proved   infufficient   or   fcandalous,    or 
*'  efpecially  guilty    of   Drunkennefs  and   Swearing. 
"  This  I  kmzv  (fays  the  Reverend  Author)  will  dif- 
*'  pleafe  the  Party  y  but  I  am  fur e  that  this  is  true.^^ 

*Tis  impoffible  to  account  for  the  particular  Vvo-rhir  Troz 
■ceedings  of  all  the  Committees,  of  which  greac  Out-'^^^'^'"^-^ 
cries  have  been  made  by  the  Friends  of  the  Sufferers. '^"'■^'"■''' 
""  If  the  meaneft  and  moft  vicious  Parifhioners  could  Suff-  Cler, 
•*  be  brought  to  prefer  a  Petition  againft  their  Parfon^'  ^' 
^*  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,    how   faifly   foever, 
**  (fays  Lord  Clarendon)  he  was  fure  to  be  profecuted 
*'  for  a  fcandalous  Minifter.'*     His  Lordfhip  adds, 
*'  That  the  Committees  accepted  of  the  Evidence 
"  not  only  of  mean  People,  but  of  them  who  were 
"  profefTed  Enemies  of  the  Difcipline  of  the  Church  ; 
*'  that  they  baited  the  Clergy  with  rude  and  uncivil 
*'  Language  \  that  chey  obliged  them  to  a  long  and 
**  tedious  Attendance,  and  were  very  partial  in  vo- 
*'  ting  them  out  of  their  Livings,  right  or  wrong." 
In   another   Place    he   fiys,    "    That   thefe    Com- 
"  plaints  were  frequently  exhibited  by  a  few  of  the 
**  Meanefl  of  the  People  againft  the  Judgment  of  the 
**  Parifh."     The  like  Account  is  given  by  moft  of 
the  Royalifts  i   but  the  Writers  on  the  Side  of  the 
Parliament  deny  the  Charge,  and  complain  as  loudly 
of  the  contemptuous  Behaviour  of  the  King*s  Clergy 
to  the  CommifTioners,  treating  them  as  a  Combina- 
tion of  illiterate  Laymen,  who  had  nothing  to  do 

Vol.  in.  D  with 


34  7/:'^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

K^tJg  with  the  Church  ;  nay,  as  Rebels  and  Traytors. 
Charles  I. Some  refufed  ro  obey  their  Summons,  and  others 
^^^_1^  that  appeared  took  up  their  Time  in  examining  the 
Spelh'ng  of  Words,  the  Propriety  of  Grammar,  and 
other  lictle  Evafions,  foreign  to  the  Purpofe.  They 
declared  roundly,  they  did  not  own  the  Tribunal 
before  which  they  ftood  ;  they  infulted  the  Witnefles, 
and  rhreaten'd  Reprifals  out  of  Court,  when  Things 
fliould  revert  to  their  former  Channel  •,  and  upon  the 
•whole  behaved  as  if  they  had  engroffed  all  the  Law, 
Learning,  and  good  Senfe  of  the  Nation  to  them- 
felves.  The  Commiflloners,  provoked  with  this 
Ufage,  were  obliged  to  behave  with  fome  Sharpnefs, 
in  order  to  fupport  their  own  Authority  j  they 
would  not  indulge  them  the  peculiar  Privilege  they 
claimed  as  Clergymen,  nor  allow  them  as  Scholars 
to  debate  the  Truth  of  thofe  DoiStrines  of  which 
they  were  accufed,  but  confined  them  to  Matters  of 
Fa(fV.  When  they  excepted  againft  the  Witnefles 
as  ignorant  Mechanicks,  fadious,  fchifmatical.  Ene- 
mies to  the  Church,  ^c.  they  over-ruled  their  Ex- 
ceptions, as  long  as  there  were  no  legal  Objedtions  to 
their  Competency  or  Credibility. 
Country  With  regard  to  the  Country  Committees^  the  Com- 

Comnitt-    miflioners  were  chofen  out  of  the  Deputy  Lieutenants, 
'**'•         and  the  beft  Country  Gentlemen  in  the  Parliament 
Intereft.     Moll  of  the  Crimes  for  which  the  Clergy 
were  fequeiter'd  were  confefled  by  themfelves  -,    Su- 
perftition  and  falfe  Dodlrine  were  hardly  ever  objeft- 
cd,  but  far  the  greateit   Part,  if  not  all,  were  caft 
out  for  Malignity  ;    and  yet  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Sequeftrators  were  not  always  juftifiable  ;  for  where- 
as a  Court  of  Judicature  Ihould  rather  be  Counfel  for 
the  Prifoner,  the  CommifTioners  confidered  the  King's 
Clergy  as  moft  dangerous  Enemies,  and  were  there- 
fore ready  to  lay  hold  of  all  Opportunities  to  dif- 
charge  them  their  Pulpits. 
Their  In-      But  whatever  might  be  the  Excefles,  or  Partiality 
puBisns.  of  particular  Commictees,  no  reafonable  Blame  can 

be 


I 


Chap.  I.         of  the  Pu  Rir  AN  s.  25 

be  laid  upon   the  two  Houfes,    whofe  Inftruftlons    King 
were,  in  my  Opinion,  unexceptionable:  The  Words C^*""'"*' 

of  the  Ordinance  are  thefe, "  And  to  the  End  that  ^J-^^^O 

•*  chofe  who  will  appear  before  the  Committee  may  Husb.  Coji. 
"  have  the  Witnefles  examined  in  their  Prefence,  it  is  p.  311. 
'*  further  ordained,  that  Summonfes,  with  fufficienc 
**  Warning  of  the  Time  and  Place,  when  and  where 
"  the  Charge  againft  them  fhall  be  proved,  be 
*'  either  ^iven  to  their  Perfons,  or  left  at  their  Hou- 
"  fes ;  and  if  they  defire  it,  they  fhall  have  a  Copy 
**  of  the  Articles  againfl  them,  with  a  convenient; 
*'  Time  to  give  in  their  Anfwer  under  their  Hands. 
'*  which,  together  with  their  Charge,  and  the  Proofs 
*'  upon  every  Particular  of  it ,  the  faid  Deputy 
*'  Lieutenants,  and  Committees  of  Parliament,  fhall 
*'  fend  up  to  the  Committee  of  this  Houfe,  appointed 
**  to  provide  for  plunder*d  Miniiters ;  which  Com" 
"  mittee  fhall  from  Time  to  Time  tranfmit  them  to 
*•'  this  Houfe."  And  further,  to  prevent  all  Abufes, 
'tis  ordained  in  the  Ordinance  for  Sequeflration, 
"  That  if  any  Perfon  or  Perfons  find  themfelveslbid.p.ijj^ 
"  agrieved  with  any  A<fls  done  by  the  Sequeftrators, 
*'  their  AgenLs  or  Deputies,  and  fhall  not  therein  be 
"  relieved  by  the  Sequeftrators,  upon  Complaint 
"  made  to  them,  or  any  Two  or  more  of  them  ;  then 
•*  upon  Information  given  to  both  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
"  ment,  or  to  the  Committee  of  Lords  and  Com*- 
*'  mons  aforementioned,  fuch  further  Order  fhall  be 
**  taken  therein  as  fhall  be  agreeable  to  Juftice.'* 
Here  was  an  Appeal  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  Court » 
and  to  prevent  too  fevere  a  Scrutiny  into  the  LivesSuff.  clpr. 
and  Manners  of  the  Clergy,  they  were  limited  inP'^4' 
their  Enquiries,  to  fuch  Crimes  as  had  been  com- 
mitted within  three  Years  before  the  Beginning  of  the 
prefent  Parliament  5  fo  that  if  the  Committees  ob- 
ferved  their  Orders  there  could  be  no  juft  Ground 
of  Complaint  •,  but  as  no  one  will  undertake  to  vindi- 
cate all  their  Proceedings,  we  mufl  not,  on  the  other 
hand,  give  ear  to  the  petulant  and  angry  Complaints 

V  z  of 


36  ^y^f  HISTORY  Vol.  Ill, 

King    of  every  difcontented  Clergyman.     I  (hall  only  ob- 
Charles  Lfgrve  further,  that  thefe  Country  Committees  hardly 
^^^,,1.,^^  began  to  fit  till  the  Year  1644.     That  they  exercifed 
their  Power  very  fparingly  while  the  War  was   in 
.  fufpence,  but  when  the  royal  Forces  were  beat  out 
of  the  Field,   and  Vidlory  declared  on  their  Side, 
they    proceeded    with    more    Freedom,    efpecially 
againft  thofe  who  had  made  themfelves  Parties  in  the 
War. 
ilualityof     Very  different  Accounts  are  given  of  the  Numbers 
^J^t"j      an^  Quality  of  the  ejeded  Clergy  by  their  feveral 
Friends.     Lord  Clarendon  fays,  That  all  the  Learned 
and  Orthodox  Divines  of  England  were  deemed  fcan- 
.     dalous.     And  Dr.  Walker  has  taken  a  great  deal  of 
Pains    to   encreafe   their   Numbers,    and  vindicate 
their  Charaders.     By  his  Account  one  would  think 
moft  of  them  were  of  the  firft  Rank   and  Chara- 
I  <5ter  ;    but  Mr.  Baxter^    who  was  much  better  ac- 

quainted with  the  Clergymen  of  thefe  Times,  fays, 
p.  9$.       ♦«  That  when  the  Parliament  purged  the  Miniftry 
"  they  cafl  out  the  grolTer  Sort  of  infufficient  and 
*'  fcandalous  Ones,  and  alfo  fome  few  civil  Men  who 
"  had  afllfted  in  the  Wars  againft  the  Parliament,  or 
•^'  fet  up  Bowing  to  Altars,  and  fuch  Innovations, 
*^  but  they  left  in  near  one  half  of  the  Minifters  that 
"  were  not  good  enough  to  do  much  Service,  nor 
*'  bad  enough  to  be  utterly  intolerable.     Thefe  were 
"  a  Company  of  poor  weak  Preachers  who  had  no 
"  great  Skill  \r\  Divinity,  nor  Zeal  for  Godlinefs, 
*'  but  preached  weekly  that  that  was  true,  and  were 
*'  free  from  notorious  Sins.'*     This  feems  a  pretty 
fair  Relation  of  the  Matter  •,  but  we  fhall  have  Occa- 
fion  to  confider  it  more  fully  hereafter. 
&que/ira-      Bcfidcs  the  Sequeftration  of  Benefices  the  Parliament 
''^"^'^^^''tonfidered  the  King's  Clergy  as  Panics  in  the  War^ 
ri*^^^'     and  feized  their  Eftates  both  real  and  perfonal  under 
Colleft.     ^^^^  Charafter,  to  help  bear  the  Expences  of  it ;  for 
gol.  13.    this  Purpofe  they  paffed   the  following  Ordinance, 
Jpril  I,    1643.   the  Preamble  to  which  fets  forth, 

«'  That 


Ghap. I.         of  the  PvRiT  AH  s.  37 

"  That  it  is  mod  agreeable  to  common  Jurt ice,  that    King 
**  the  Eltates  of  iuch  notorious  Delinquents  as  have^^^'J^'^J  ^* 
*'  been  the  Caufers  or  Inftruments  of  the  publick  Ca-  vj-y^ 
**  lamities,  which  have  hitherto  been  employed  to 
*'  the  fomenting  and  nourifhing  of.this  miferable  Di- 
*'  flradion,  fhould  be  converted  and  applied  towards 
*'  the  Support  of  the  Commonwealth. 


"  B 


E  it  therefore  ena<51:ed,  that  the  Eftates,  as 
well  real  as  perfonal,  of  all  fuch  Bijhops, 
Deansy  Deans  and  Chapters^  Prebendsy  AnhdeaconSy 
and  of  all  other  Perfons  eccleftafiical  or  temporal^  who 
have,  or  Jhall  raife  Arms  againjl  the  Parliament ;  or 
have  been  J  or  Jhall  be  in  a^lual  War  againjl  the  fame  ; 
or  who-  have^  or  Jhall  voluntarily  contribute  Money y 
Horfe^  Plate,  ArmSy  Ammunitiony  or  other  Aid  or 
Affiflancey  tozvards  the  Maintenance  of  any  Force  rai- 
fed  againfi  the  Parliament,  or  for  the  Plundering  of 
the  King*s  Subjects,  who  have  willingly  contributedy 
or  yielded  Obedience  to  the  Commands  of  both  Houfes  of 
Parliament,  and  of  all  fuch  who  have  joined,  or  Jhall  join 
in  any  Oath  or  AJfociation  againfi  the  Parlia?nent,  &c. 
fhall  be  feized  into  th«  Hands  of  Sequeftrators,  to 
be  named  by  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  which 
Sequeftrators,  or  their  Deputies,  are  to  feize  into 
their  Hands,  as  well  all  the  Money,  Goods,  Chat- 
tels, Debts,  and  perfonal  Eftates,  and  all  the  Ma- 
nors, Lands,  Tenements,  Hereditaments,  Rents, 
Revenues,  and  Profits,  of  all  the  faid  Delinquents 
before  fpecified  5  and  aifo,  two  Parts  of  all  the 
perfonal  and  real  Eftates  of  every  Papift,  and  to 
let,  fet,  and  demife  the  fame  from  Year  to  Year, 
as  the  refpe<5live  Landlords  or  Owners  thereof 
might  have  done.  And  the  Authority  of  both 
Houfes  is  engaged  to  fave  them  harmleft  from 
paying  any  Rents  to  their  Landlords  being  Delin- 
quents :  And  all  the  Monies,  Rents,  and  Reve- 
nues, that  (hall  arife  from  this  Ordinance,  fhall 
be  applied  to  the  Maintenance  of  the  Army  and 
D  3  '*  Forcca 


3  5  r>&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

^.^^"^    **  Forces  raifed  by  the  Parliament,  and  fuch  other 

16  "/' "  ^^^s  ^s  fhall  be  direded  by  both  Houfes  of  Parlia- 

v„/-y-^i^  "  ment  for  the  Benefit  of  the  Commonwealth. 

A  further       Auguft  19th,  1643,    this  Ordinance  was   further 
Expiana-  explained,    as  including  in  the  Number  of  Delin- 
tion  of  It.  quents,  Such  as  abfentedfrom  their  ufual  Places  of  Abode, 
Coll  ft''    or  betook  themjelves  to  the  King*s  Forces,  fuch  as  ftjould 
p.  A^^ '     embezzle  or  conceal  any  of  their  Effe£fs,  to  avoid  payment 
of  Taxes,    and  Ajfeffments  to  the  Parliament  -,  or  who 
kept  out  of  the  tVay  fo  that  no  Tax  could  be  levied  upon 
them  ;    or  who  concealed  or  harboured  the  Goods  or  Per- 
fms  of  Delinquents ;  or  who  jhouldfeize  or  moleji  any  Per- 
fonfor  obeying  or  executing  any  of  the  Parliament* s  Orders, 
A  Claufe  was  then  added  to  the  Ordinance,    em- 
powering the  Commiflioners  to  allow  to  the  Wives 
and  Children  of  fuch  Delinquents  for  their  MaintaiD- 
ance,  any  Portion  of  their  Goods,  provided  it  did  not 
iU  Fifths, exceed  one  fifth  Part.     This  Claufe  was  conftrued  to 
extend  to  the  Wives  and  Children  of  ail  Clergymen 
who  were  ejeded  their  Livings  on  any  Account  what- 
foever.     The  Commiflioners  were  alfo  to  feize  two 
Thirds  of  the  Eftates  of  Papifls,  both  real  and  perfo- 
nal,  and  for  the  Difcovering  of  them,  were  to  tender 
fuch  whom  they  fufpefted,  the  following  Oath. 

'Ahjuratm  «t  Y  j^  s   (3q  abjure  and  renounce  the  Pope's  Su- 

Oatb.       <c  J^  premacy,  and   Authority  over  the  Catholick 

*'  Church  in  general,  and  over  my  felf  in  particular. 

*'  And  I  do  believe  that  there  is  not  any  Tranfub- 

**  ftantiation  in  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 

*'  or  in  the  Elements  of  Bread  and  Wine  after  Con- 

**  fecration  thereof  by  any  Perfon  whatfoever.     And 

**  I  do  alfo  believe  that  there  is  not  any  Purgatory, 

•«  or  that  the  confecrated  Hoft,  Crucifixes,  or  Ima- 

•*  ges,  ought  to  be  worlhippM  ;  or  that  any  Wor- 

**  ihip  is  due  to  any  of  them.     And  I  alfo  believe, 

"  that  Salvation  cannot  be  merited  by  Works  i  and 

**  ail  Doftrines  in  Affirmation  of  the  faid  Points,  I 

"  do 


Chap.  I.         of  the  Vv  Ri  TANS.  39 

•*  do  abjure,  and  renounce^  without  any  Equivocation,     ^'"'.T 
*'  mental  Refcrvation,  or  fecrec  Evafion  whatfoever,^""^"  ^' 
♦'  taking  the  Words  by  me  fpoken  according  to  the  ^^/-^y*^ 
*'  common  Meaning  ot  them. 

'^Sobelp?ne  GOVr 

Divers  Clergymen  of  good  Learning,  and  blame- r^'^i''^^' 
lefs  Lives,  found  Proteltants,  and  good  Preachers, ^'^''•'°'* 
loft  their  Eftates  and  Livelihoods,  by  falling  with- 
in the  Compafs  of  this  Ordinance.  How  far  fuch 
Severities  are  juftifiable  by  the  Law  of  Arms,  in 
a  Time  of  civil  War  and  Confufion,  I  fhall  noc 
determine.  It  had  been  well,  if  thofe  who  would 
have  given  Security  for  their  peaceable  Behaviour, 
could  have  been  diftinguifhed.  But  what  could 
the  Parliament  do  with  Men  that  were  always 
dealing  in  Politicks,  privately  fending  the  King 
Money,  preaching  publickly  that  he  was  above 
Law,  and  ftirring  up  the  People  to  Sedition  and  Dif- 
afFedion  to  thofe  Powers  by  whom  they  were  pro- 
tedled  ?  If  Others  fuffered  in  this  Manner  it  was  very 
hard  Meafure  \  their  Eftates  might  have  been  double 
taxed,  as  thofe  of  Papifts  and  Nonjurors  have  fince 
been  ;  but  to  take  away  their  whole  Property,  and 
reduce  them  to  a  Fifths  and  this  at  the  Mercy  of  Se- 
queftrators,  was  extremely  rigorous  and  fevere. 

However,  his  Majefty  did  the  like,  and  gave  Di-'f^^^'^o 
redtions  to  feize  the  Lands  and  Goods  of  the  Parlia^^'^^'^J  ^'' 
mentarians,  as  appears  by  his  Proclamation  o^  April  y. 
and  Ma-j  8.  wherein  he  forbids  all  his  Subjefts  to 
fubmit   to    their    Orders ;    and    by    another    dated 
Ma-j  15.1643.  complains,*'  That  divers  of  his  Clergy,  Husb. 
*'  eminent  for  Piety    and    Learning,    becaufe  theyCoHeft. 
*'  publifh  his  royal  and  juft  Commands  and  Declara-^'  '''^* 
"  tions,  and  will  not  (againft  the  known  Laws  of  the 
"  Land,  and  their  own  Confciences)  fubmit  to  Con- 
*'  tributions,  nor  publickly  pray  againft  us  and  our 
"  Afliftanis,  but  conform  to  the  Book  of  Common 
*'  Prayer  eftablifhed    by  Law,    and   preach  God's 

D  4  "  Word 


King 
Charles  I. 


40  915^  HISTORY         VoI.IIL 

•  Word  according  to  the  Purity  of  it,    and  in  their 
Sermons  will  not  teach  Sedition,  nor  publifli  ille- 
gal Commands  and  Orders  for  fomenting  the  un- 
natural War  levied  againft  us,  are  feme  of  them 
driven  from  their  Cures  and  Habitations,  others 
filenced   and   difcharged   from    their  Cures,    and 
perfecuted,  and  their  Curates,  \f  Orthodox^  difpla- 
ced,  in  whofe  Places  fa<fliousand  feditious  Perfons 
are  introduced.  — .  His  Majefty  therefore  forbids 
all  his  Subjedls  to  hinder  any  of  his  Clergy  from 
exercifing  their  Functions,  or  to  difplace  them  ; 
and  if  any  tranfgrefs  this  Command  his  Majefty  de- 
clares them  Affiftants  of  the  Rebellion,  and  will 
proceed  againft  them  according  to  Law,  as  foon 
as  he  can  apprehend  them,  a-/jd  in  the  mean  Time 
will  give  Dire5fion  for  taking  their  Land!  and  Goods 
into  fafe  Cnjlody.**     Such  were  the  Extremities  on 
both  Sides  ! 
raea>itBe-     The  Silencing  fo  many  Clergymen  at  once  made 
Td^^p.        '^^  very  difficult  to  find  Perfons  qualified  to  fill  the 
vacant  Pulpits.     This  was  an  Inconvenience  that  at- 
tended the  Reformation  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  was 
the  Cafe  of  the  eftablifhed  Church  again  in  the  Year 
1662.  when  near  twoThoufand  Miniilers  were  ejedled 
for  Non-Conformity.     Lord  Clarendon,  with  his  ufual 
Candor,  fays,  That  frojn  the  Beginning  of  this  Parlia- 
tnent  he  is  confident  not  one  Learned  or  Orthodox  Man 
was  recommended  by  them,  to  any  Church  in  England  ; 
■and  yet  fome  of  the  grearefl  Ornaments  of  the  Church 
for  Learning  and  good  Senfe,    in  the  Reign  of  King 
Charles  II.  were  of  their  Promotion,  as  Bifliop  Rey- 
nolds,   Bifhop  Wilkins^    Dr.  Lightfoot,  Dr.  Cudzvcrth, 
'^'J°^^*Dr.  IValliSs    and    others.     Mr.  Baxter,    who  was  a 
"""^^"'^''morc  competent  Judge  in  this  refped,  fays,  "  That 
"  though  now  and  then  an  unworthy  Perfon,  by  fini- 
*'  fler  Means,  crept  into  the  Places  of  the  ejefted 
*'  Minifters,  yet  commonly  thofe  whom  they  put  in 
**  were  fuch  as  fet  themfelves  laborioufly  to  feek  the 
"  Saving  of  Souls.    Indeed  the  one  Half  of  them 

"  were 


p.  7^. 


Chap.  I.         offbeVuRiTAus.  ^i 

**  were  very  young,  but  that  could  not  be  help'd,     Kinir 
**  bt-raufe  there  were  no  others  to  be  had  ;  the  Par-^^^''^"  r. 
**  liarnent  could  not  make  Men   learned  or  godly,  ^'f'^5• 
**  but  only  put  in  the  learnedeft  and  ableft  that  they  ^v^*^. 
*'  could  have  ;  and  though  it  had  been  to  bewifhed, 
*'  that  they  might  have  had  Leifure  to  ripen  in   the 
"   Univerfities,  yet  many  of  them  did  (as  Ambrofe) 
*'  teach  and  learn  at  once  To  fuccefsfully,  as  that  they 
*'  much   encreafed    in   Learning    themfelves  whillt 
"  they  profited   others,    and  proportionably  more 
"  than  many  in  the  Univerfities  do.'*     Thoie  Cler- 
gymen  who  had   been  filenced  and  imprifoned   by 
Archbifhop  Laudvitrt  fee  at  Liberty  and  encouraged  ; 
fome  who  had  fled  to  Holland  a.nd  TSew- England  on  the 
Account  of    Non-Conformity  returned  home,    and 
were  preferr'd  to  confiderable  Ledures  in  the  City, 
or  to  the  Livings  of  thofe  who  were  fequefter*d. 
The    Parliament  entertained  and  promoted  feveral 
Scoti  Divines,  and  yet  after  all,  they  wanted  a  Supply 
for  feveral  vacant  Benefices,  which  obliged  them  to 
admit  of  fome  unlearned  Perfons,  and  Pluralifts,  noc 
of  Choice,  but  of  Neceflity,  for  when  Things  were 
more  fettled  the  Aflembly  of  Divines  declared  againft 
both  ;  and  it  deferves  to  be  remember*d,  that  the  Par- 
liament did  not  give  their  Divines  an  abfolute  and 
full  PoffefTion  of  the  fequefter*d  Livings,  but  refer- 
ved  to  themfelves  a  Right  in  their  Warrants  to  dif- 
placethem  if  they  faw  Occafion,  which  fhews  their 
great  Prudence  and  Caution  ;  for  by  this  Means  it 
was  in  their  Power,  upon  the  Conclufion  of  a  Peace, 
to  reftore  thofe  who  had  been  ejedted,  meerly  for 
their  Attachment  to  the  King,  without  any  Injury  to 
the  prefent  PolTefTor.     And  to  put  fome  Stop  to  the 
Clamours  of  the  Royalifts  at  Oxford,  who  gave  out, 
that  the  Parliament  admitted  Butchers,  Coblers,  Brick- 
layers, and  thofe  who  had  no  Call  from  God  or  Man, 
they  ordained,  July  27. 1643.  "  That  the  Commic- 
*'  tees  fhould  not  nominate  any  Perfons  to  vacant 
*'  Benefices,    but  fuch  as  Ihould  be  examined  and 

"  appro* 


42  r;6^  HISTORY         VoI.Iir. 

King    "  approved  by  the  Affembly  of  Divines  then  fitting 

Charles  I.  <c  ztWeJitninJier.**     Upon  the  whole  it  is  evident, 

^l^X^  that  the  two  Houfes  did  the  bed  they  could  in  their 

■^^'^  prefent  Circumftances,  and  perhaps  better  than  the 

Royalifts  did  at  the  Reftoration  1660.  when  accord- 

Suff.  Cler.  ing  to  Dr.  fFalker^  all  the  fequefter'd  Clergy  that  furvi- 

P;  ^.?7:     ved  were  reftored  to  their  Livings,  even  thofe  who  had 

been  convidled  of  the  moll  fcandalous  Immoralities, 

without  any  Marks  of  Repentance  or  Amendment. 

The  Parliament's  Affairs    being  low,    and  their 
Counfels  divided,  they  not  only  applied  to  Heaven 
by    extraordinary  Fallings  and  Prayers,    but  went 
on   vigoroufly    with    their    intended    Reformation. 
striBob-  They  began  with  the  Sabbath,  and  on  March  22. 
fevvation    164!.  fent  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London^ 
oft^esab-^^  defire  him  to^put  in  Execution,  the  Statutes  for 
H   band'j^^^  ^"^  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day  •,  his  Lord- 
Colka.     ^'P  accordingly  fent  his  Precept  the  very  next  Day 
p.  7.    '     to  the  Aldermen,    requiring    them    to    give    flri(5t 
Charge  to  the  Church-Wardens  and  Conftables  with- 
in  their  feveral  Wards,  that  from  henceforth  "  they 
*'  do  not  permit  or  fuffer  any  Perfon  or  Perfons,  in 
*'  Time  of  divine  Service,  or  at  any  Time  on  the 
*'  Lord's  Day,    to  be  tipling  in  any  Tavern,  Inn, 
'«  Tobacco-Shop,  Ale-Houfe,  or  other  VnSlualling 
*'  Houfe  whatfoever  ;  nor  fuffer  any  Fruiterers  or 
"  Herb- Women  to  ftand  with  Fruit,    Herbs,    or 
*'  other  Viifluals  or  Wares  in  any  Streets,    Lanes, 
"  or  Allies,  or  any  other  Ways  to  put  thofe  Things 
"  to  fale,  at  any  Time  of  that  Day,  or  in  the  Even- 
**  ing  of  it ;  or  any  Milk- Women  to  cry  Milk  •,  nor 
**  to  fuffer  any  Perfons  to  unlade  any  VeffeJs  of  Fruit, 
*'  or  other  Goods,  and  carry  them  on  Shoar  ;  or  to 
"  ufe  any  unlawful  Exercifes  or  Paftimes  ;  and  to 
*'  give  exprefs  Charge  to  all  Inn-Keepers,  Taverns, 
*'  Cooks -Shops,    Ale -Houfes,    ^c.    within    their 
*'  Wards,  not  to  entertain  any  Guefts  to  tipple,  eat, 
**  drink,  or  take  Tobacco  in  their  Houfes  on  the 
*'  Lord's  Day,  except  Inn-Keepers,  who   may  re^ 

"  ceivc 


Chap.  I.         of  tbe  FvRJTAiis.  43 

*'  ceive  their  ordinary  Guefts  or  Travellers,    who     King 
**  come  for  the  Dilpatch  of  their  necefTary  Bufinefs  j^^^^'"  f. 
"  and  if  any  Perlons  offend  in  the  Premifes»  they  li^tl!/ 
"  are  to  be  brought  before  the  Lord  Mayor,  or  one  ^»^^ 
*'  of  his  Majeily's  Jullices  of  Peace  to  be  punifhed 
*'  as  the  Lawdireds."     This  Order  had  a  very  con- Husb.  <;bl. 
fiderable  Influence  upon  the  City,  which  began  toP'^5'9. 
wear  a  different  Face  of  Religion  to  what  it  had  be- 
fore.    May  5.  the  Book  tolerating  Sports  upon  the 
Lord*s  Day  was  ordered  to  be  burnt  by  the  Hands  of 
the  common  Hangman  in  Cheapjidey  and  other  ufual 
Places  ;  and  all  Perfons  having  any  in  their  Hands 
were  required  to  deliver  them  to  one  of  the  Sheriffs  of 
London  to  be  burnt. 

Next  to  theLord*s  Day  they  had  a  particular  Kc- Manner  of 
gard  to  their  monthly  Faff  :  April  24.  all  Conftables,^'^'/''XT  '^e. 
or  their  Deputies,  were  ordered  to  repair  to  ^^^Y^afi^ 
Houfe  within  their  refpedtive  Liberties,  the  Day  be- 
fore every  publick  Fail,  and  charge  all  Perfons  llriifb- 
Jy  to  obferve  it  according  to  the  faid  Ordinances. 
And  upon  the  Day  of  the  publick  Faff  they  were  en- 
joined to  walk  through  their  faid  Liberties,  to  fearch 
for  Perfons  who  either  by  following  the  Work  of 
their  Calling,  or  fitting  in  Tavsrmy  Vi5iualli7ig^  or 
Ale-HoufeSy  or  any  other  Ways  Ihould  not  duly  ob- 
ferve the  fame  ;  and  to  return  their  Names  to  the 
Committee  for  Examination,  that  they  may  be  pro- 
ceeded againft  for  Contempt.  The  Faft  was  obfer- 
ved  the  laft  JVednefday  in  every  Month,  the  publick 
Devotions  continued  with  little  or  no  IntermifHon 
from  Nine  in  the  Morning  till  Four  in  the  Afternoon, 
and  (as  has  been  already  obfervcd)  with  uncommon 
Striftnefs  and  Rigor. 

Befides  thefey?^/^^  Fafls,  it  was  ufual  upon  extri- occajionaj 
ordinary  Emergencies  to  appoint  occafwnal  Qnt% ;  as^/r/?/. 
when  the  Army  was  going  upon  any  hazardous  En-Husb.CoL 
rerprize,  or  within  fight  of  the  Enemy,  or  under  ve-P'  '^^^' 
ry  difadvantagious  Circumftances.     When  the  Earl 
oi  EJfsx  was  fhut  up  in  Cornwaly  the  two  Houfes  ap- 


po 


need 


r: 


44  r^^  HISTORY         VoLIII. 

Kirjg  pointed  a  Day  of  Fading  and  Prayer  in  fix  Churches 
Charles  I.  within  the  Lines  of  Communication,  and  in  fuch  other 
tll^^  Churches  where  it  fhould  be  defired  •,  and  the  Crowds 
^^^i^  of  ferious  and  attentive  Hearers  on  fuch  Occafions  is' 

almoft  incredible. 
K'mgdif-  The  King  apprehending  the  Parliament's  month- 
foives  the  \y  Fail  was  perverted  from  its  original  Defign,  and 
^'**'^^'*'  ^  turn'd  into  a  Nurfery  of  Rebellion,  was  pleafed  to  dif- 
^nTat-  'fol^e  it,  and  appoint  another,  for  the  Reafons  con- 
/)of«f//?«o-tained  in  the  following  Proclamation  from  Oxfordy 
ther.  dated  0!^ob.  5.  1643.  "  When  a  general  Faft  was 
Hiisb.  Co!. "  firfl:  propounded  to  us  in  Contemplation  of  the 
p.  355.      «  Miferies  of  our  Kingdom  oi  Ireland,  we  readily 

"  confented  to  it. But  when  we  ohferve  what  ill 

<*  Ufe  has  been  made  of  thefe  pubiick  Meetings,  in 
*«  Pulpits,  in  Prayers,  and  in  the  Sermons  of  many 
*'  fcditious  Ledrurers,  to  ilir  up  and  continue  the 
'*  Rebellion  raifci  againft  us  within  this  Kingdom. 
*'  '-— «  We  thought  fit  to  command  that  fuch  an 
••*  hypocritical  Faft,  to  the  Difhonour  of  God,  and 
**  Slander  of  true  Religion,  be  no  longer  continued 
"  and  countenanced  by  our  Authority.  •■  And 
**  yet  we  being  dcfirous  to  exprefs  our  own  Humilia- 
**  tion,  and  tiie  Humiliition  of  our  People,  for  our 
*'  own  Sins,  and  the  Sins  of  the  Nation,  are  refolved 
«'  to  continue  a  monthly  Faft,  but  not  on  the  Day 
*'  formerly  appointed.  ■  We  do  therefore  here- 
*'  by  command,  that  from  henceforth  no  Faft  be  held 
*V  on  the  laft  Wcdnefday  in  the  Month,  as  for  many 
"  Months  it  has  been,*,  nor  on  any  other  Day  than  is 
*'  hereby  appointed  by  us.  «  But  we  do  exprefly 

**  charge  and /command,  that  in  all  Churches  and 
*«  Chapels,  ifjc.  there  be  a  folemn  Faft  religioufly 
<f  obferved  on  the  fecond  Friday  in  every  Month, 
•'  with  pubiick  Prayers  and  Preaching  whtre  it  may 
**  be  had,  that  as  one  Man  we  may  pour  out  our 
*'  Prayers  to  God,  for  the  Continuance  of  his  graci- 
«'  ous  Prefence  and  BlelTmg  upon  us,  and  for  efta- 
**  biiftiing  a  happy  Peace  ;  for  which  Purpofe  we 

'*  have 


Chap.  I.         of  the  VuJLiTAii  s.  45 

«*  have  caufed  devout  Forms  of  Prayer  to  be  compo-    King 
"  fed  and  printed,  and  intend  to  difperfe  them,  that^^'*''^'"^^  ^' 
"  they  may  be  ufed  in  all  Parts  of  our  Kingdom."  ^J->Ji^ 
Agreeably  to  this  Proclamation  the' King's  Friends Rufhw. 
in   the  Counties  of  Cornwal  and  Devonjhire  took  an  Vol.  V. 
Oath,  and  enter'd  into  an  AlTociation  upon  fundryP'  380. 
Articles,  of  which  this  was  one,  That  if  any  Mini- 
fler  fhall  refufe,    or  wilfully  negleft   to  obferve  the 
Faft  appointed  by  his  Majefty,  or  Ihall  not  read  the 
Service  and  Prayers  appointed  for  that  Faft,  and  be- 
ing carried  before  a  Juftice  of  Peace,  fhall  not  pro- 
mife    and   proteft    for  their   future  Conformity,  he 
fhall  be  forthwith  fecured,  and  his  EJlate  fequefier^dy 
the  like  Courfc  to  be  taken  with  fuch  Minifters  as 
abfent  themfelves  that  Day,  unlefs  upon  Sicknefs,  or 
other  Caufe  allowed  by  two  Juftices  of  Peace  ;  and 
with  thofe  that  will  not  read  fuch  Books  as -fhall  be 
appointed  to  be  read  by  his  Majefty  •,  and  the  Con- 
ftables  are  to  certify  their  Defaults  to  the  next  Ju- 
ftice of  Peace.     This  was   a    new   Hardfhip    upon 
Clergy  and  People,  for  the  Parliament  having  en- 
join'd  the  Continuance  of  the  Faft  on  TVednefday^  the 
Royalifts  were  obliged  to  an  open  Separation,    by 
changing  it  to  Friday.     Thus  the  Devotions  of  the 
Kingdom  were  divided,  and  Almighty  God  called 
into  the  Quarrel  on  both  Sides. 

The  next  Thing  the  Parliament  undertook  was  iht  Removal 
Removal  of  thofe  Monuments  cf  Superftition  out  of"/  ^^o"**- 
Churches,  i^c.  which  had  been  voted  down  the  ]aft"^^"'y-^ 
Year,    but  without  any  confiderable  Ened;,    becaufe^,^   ■'^'" 
of  the  DifTent  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords ;  bur  in  the  Be- 
ginning of  Af^)i,  Sir  Robert  Harlow,  by  Order  of  the 
two  Houfes  took  down  the  Croffes  in  Cheapfide,  Cha- 
ring Crofs,  and  St.  Paul's  Crofs,  which  was  a  Pulpit 
of  Wood  covered  with  Lead,  in  form  of  a  Crofs,  and 
^lOunted  on  feveral  Steps  of  Stone  about  the  Middle 
of  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard,  where  the  firft  Reformers 
ufed  to  preach  frequently  to  the  People  -,  and  upon  a 
further  Reprefentation  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines, 

they 


46  r;6^  HISTORY  Vol.  III. 

Kifig  they  paft  the  following  Ordinance,  "  That  before 
Charles  I.  It  [hg  firft  of  November  all  Altars  and  Tables  of 
V^iL>  "  Stone  fhall  h}c  utterly  taken  away  and  demolilh- 
ordinance  *'  ^'^  »  ^"^  ^^^  Communion  Tables  removed  from  the 
for  that  *'  Eaft  End  of  every  Church,  Chapel,  or  Place  of 
purpofe,  «  publick  Worfhip,  and  be  fet  in  fome  other  fie 
Husb.Col."  and  convenient  Place  or  Places  of  the  Body  of  the 
Fol.  307.  <t  Church  or  Chapel ;  and  all  Rails  whatfoever 
"  which  have  been  eredted  near  to,  or  before,  or 
**  about  any  Altar  or  Communion  Table,  in  any  of 
**  the  faid  Churches  or  Chapels,  fiiall  before  the  faid 
*»  Day  be  taken  away,  and  the  Chancel  Ground  of 
•'  every  fuch  Church,  or  Chapel,  or  other  Place 
**  of  publick  Prayer,  which  has  been  within  thefe 
"  twenty  Years  raifed  for  any  Altar  or  Communion 
*'  Table  to  ftand  upon,  (hall  before  the  faid  Day  be 
**  laid  down  and  levell'd  as  it  was  before  ;  and  all 
"  Tapers,  Candlefticks,  and  Bafins,  fhall  before 
«*  the  faid  Day  be  removed  and  taken  away  from  the 
"  Communion  Table  in  every  Church,  Chapel,  or 
**  Place  of  publick  Prayer,  and  not  be  ufed  again 
*«  afterwards.  And  all  Crucifixes,  CrofTes,  Ima- 
'*  ges,  and  Pidlures,  of  any  one  or  more  Perfons 
*'  of  the  Trinity,  or  of  the  Virgin  Mary  ;  and  all 
♦*  other  Images,  and  Pictures  of  Saints,  or  fuperfti- 
"  tious  Infer iptions  in,  or  upon  any  of  the  faid 
««  Churches,  Church  Yards,  or  other  Places  be- 
"  longing  to  the  faid  Churches  or  Church  Yards,  or 
"  in  any  other  open  Place,  fhall  before  the  faid  firft 
*«  of  November,  be  taken  away  and  defaced  by 
«'  the  proper  Officers  that  have  the  Care  of  fuch 
*»  Churches.  And  'tis  further  ordained,  that  the 
"  Walls,  Windows,  Grounds,  and  other  Places 
"  that  fhall  be  broken,  impaired,  or  altered  by  any 
**  the  Means  aforefaid,  fhall  be  made  up  and  repair- 
"  ed  in  good  and  fufficient  Manner,  in  all  and  every 
*'  the  faid  Parifh  Churches,  Chapels,  or  Places  of 
«*  publick  Prayer  belonging  to  the  Parifh,  by  the 
"  Church  Wardens  for  the  Time  being,  and  in  any 

**  Cathe- 


Chap.  I.        of  the  Puritans.  47 

*'  Cathedral  or  Collegiate  Church  or  Chapel  by  the     Kivg 

*»  Deans  or  Sub-Deans  •,  and  in  the  Inns  of  Court,  Charles  I. 

*'  by  the  Benchers  and  Readers  of  the  fame,  at  the  ^Jj^^^ 

**  Coft  and  Charge  of  all  and  every  fuch  Perfon  or^^^^"^ 

"  Perfons,    Bodies    Politick,    or    Corporations,    to 

"  whom  the  Charge  of  Repair  does  ufually  belong, 

*'  upon  Penalty  of  forty  Shillings  to  the  Ufe  of  the 

"  Poor,  for  the  Space  of  twenty  Days  after  fuch  De- 

*'  fault  \  and  if  Default  be  made  after  'December  i. 

"  the  Juftice  of  Peace  of  the  County  or  City  fhall 

♦'  have  Power   to  perform  it.     Provided  that  this 

"  Ordinance  rtiali  not  extend  to  any  Image,  Pidure, 

«'  or  Coat  of  Arms  in  Glafs,  Stone,    or  otherwife  in 

"  any  Church,    Chapel,    or   Church  Yard,    fet  up 

**  by,  or  engraven  for  a  Monument  of  any  King, 

*'  Prince,  Nobleman,  or  other  dead  Perfon,  which 

'*  has  not  been  commonly  reputed  or  taken  for  a 

"  Saint.'* 

This  Ordinance  is  almoft  the  fame  with  the  ^A\Mmner  of 
againft  Innovations  prefented  to  the  King  at  the  Treaty  '^f^  £*««-- 
o\  Oxford^  and  does  not  much  differ  from  Queen  ^/iza-''""  "■'  ^*' 
beth*s  Injun(ftions  at  the  Reformation  •,  there  were  fome 
Diforders  and  Tumults  in  putting  it  in  Execution,  a*nd 
great  Negle(ft  of  Repairs  •,  but  if  the  Reader  will  look 
back  to  the  fuperftitious  Decorations  and  Ornaments 
of  the  Cathedrals,  mentioned  in  the  former  Volume 
of  this  Work,  p,  224.  he  will  fee  there  was  fome 
need  of  a  Reformation.    December  14.  theCommifli- 
oncrs  cleared  the  Cathedral  of  Canterbury  of  all   the 
Images,  and  Paintings  in  the  Windows.     Heylin  fays,  HiA.  Prcf. 
the  Rabble  violated  the  Monuments  of  the  Dead,  P- 4^- 
fpoiled  the  Organs,  took  down  the  Rails,  Hffc.  and 
affronted  the  Statue  of  our  blefled  Saviour.     Dec.  30. 
they  removed  the  Piftures,  Images  and  Crucifixes  in 
He7iry  the  Sevenih*s  Chapel ;    and  about  Lady  Day 
the  Paintings  about  the  Walls  and  Windows  were  de- 
faced, and  the  Organs  taken  down  in  prcfenceofa 
Committee  of  the  Houfe.     The  Cathedral  of  Saint 
Pauri  was  ftripp'd  abouc  the  fame  Time,  the  Can- 

dlefticks. 


48 


516^  HISTORY         Vol.111. 


Kivg     dieflicks,  Crucifixes,  and  Plate,  being  fold  for  the 
Charles  I-gervice  of  the  War  ;  and  within  a  few  Months  moft 
,^^f^^  of  the  Cathedrals  throughout  England  underwent  the 
fame  Fate.     If  the  Parliament,    inftead  of  leaving 
this  Work  to  the  Officers  of  every  Barifh,  had  put  it 
into  the  Hands  of  fome  fkiUul  Perfons,  to  give  Dire- 
ctions what  might  remain,  and  what  was  fit  to  be 
removed,    all  the  Mifchiefs  that   have  been  com- 
plain'd  of  might  have  been  prevented  j  the  Monu- 
ments of  the  Dead  might  have  remained  entire,  and 
a  great  many  fine  Paintings  preferved  ;  Dr.  He^lin 
charges  the  Officers  with  Sacrilege,  and  fixes  the 
divine  Vengeance  upon  them  as  a  Terror  to  others, 
one  of  them  being  killed  in  pulling  down  the  Crofs 
in  Cheapfide^  and  another  hanged  foon  after  he  had 
pulled  down  the  rich  Crofs  in  Abingdon.     But  with- 
out remarking  on  the  Dodlor's  Prognoftications,  it 
was  very  proper  to  remove  thefe  Images  and  CrofiTes, 
becaufe  of  the  fuperftitious  Refort  of  great  Numbers 
of  People  to  them  ;  which  might  have  been  done  in 
a  peaceable  Manner,    without  any  Damage  to  the 
other  venerable  Remains  of  Antiquity. 
Ofders  for     xhe  Paper  Combate  between  the  two  Parries  atOx- 
Refrain-  y^^j  ^^^  London  was  carried  on  with  no  lefs  Fury  than 
^/j         the  War  it  felf ;  numberlefs  Pamphlets  were  fcatter'd 
up  and  down  the  City  of  London  and  the  Countries,  big 
with  Difaff'eftion  and  Scandal  againft  the  two  Houfes ; 
to  put  a  Stop  to  which  the  Commons,  by  an  Order  of 
March  6.   1647.  had   impowered  the  Committee  of 
Examinations  to  fearch  for  printing  PrefiTes  in  fuch 
Places  where  they  had  Caufe  to  fufpeft  they  were 
employed  againft  the  Parliament,  and  to  break  them 
in  pieces,  and  deftroy  all  the  Materials.     They  were 
alfo  to  feize  the  Pamphlets,  and  to  commit  the  Prin- 
Rufbw.     ler  and  Vender  to  Prifon.     But  this  Order  not  being 
^ol.V.     efi^eftual,  another  was  publifhed  June  14,  1643.  the 
P'  3  35-     Preamble  to  which  fets  forth,  **  That  the  former  Or- 
"  ders  of  Parliament  to  prevent  the  Printing  and  Di- 
*'  fperfing  fcandalous  Pamphlets  having  been  ineflfe- 

"  dual 


Chap.  I.         of  fbe  PuRiT  AVI  s.  49 

"  (fliKil,  it  is  ordained,  That  no  Perfon  or  Perfons     ^'f'g 
*'  fhali  princanyBookor  Pamphlet  without  Licence,  ^*^^"^" 
*'  under  the  Hands  of  fuch  Perfons  as  fhall  be  appoint- v^^^^i^ 
«'  ed  by  Parliament ;  nor  fhall  any  Book  be  reprint- 
*'  ed  without  the  L/icence  and  Confenr  of  the  Owner, 
*'  and  the  Printer  to  put  his  Name  to  it ;  the  Com- 
*'  pany  oi Stationers,  and  the  Committee  of  Exami- 
**  nations  are  required  to  make  ftri<^  Enquiry  after 
**  private  Prefles,  and  to  fearch  all  fufpedted  Shops 
"  and  Warehoufes  for  unlicenfed  Books  and  Pam- 
"  plilets,  and  to  commit  the  Offenders  againft  this 
"  Order  to  Prifon  to  be  punifhed  as  the  Parliament 
««*  fhall  dired.."     The  Names  of  the  Licenfers  ap- 
pointed by  this  Ordinance  werethefe  *, 


For  Booh  of  Divinity* 
Mr.  Tho.  Gataker,  J         /IVIr.Carter,  of  York- 


v> 


Mr.  J.  Downham, 
Mr.CallicutDown- 

{^  \  Dr.  Tho.  Temple, 
Mr.  Jof.  Caryl, 
Mr.  Edmund  Cala- 


g 


(     "^Y' 


fhire, 
Mr.  Ch.  Herle, 
Mr.  Ja.  Cranford, 
Mr.    Obad.     Sedg- 
wick, 
Mr.  Batchelor, 
^ Mr. John  Ellis,  jun^ 


For  Law  Books. 


Sir  John  Brampffon, 
Mr.  Serj.  Rolls, 


Mr.  Serj.  Phefant, 
Mr.  Serj.  Jermyn. 


For  Phyfick  and  Surgery, 
The  Prefident  and  four  Cenfors  of  the  College  of 
Phyficians,  for  the  Time  being. 

For  Civil  and  Canon  Law. 
Sir  Nath.  Brent,  or  any  three  Dodors  of  the  Civil 
Law. 


For  Heraldry,  Titles  of  Honour,  and  Arms, 

One  of  the  three  Kings  at  Arms. 
Vol,.  III.  E 


For 


The  HISTORY  Vol.111. 

Charles  T.    For  Philofopby,  Hijiory,  Poetry,  Morality  and  Arts, 
Sir  Nath.  Brent,  Mr.  La 
ScbooUMaJlers  of  St,  Paul's. 


.^^.      Sir  Nath.  Brent,  Mr.  Langley,  ««^  Mr.  Farnaby, 


Forjmall  Pamphlets,  Figures,  &c. 
The  Clerk  of  the  Company  of  Stationers,  for  the 
Time  being ',  and. 

For  Mathematicks,  Almanacks  and  Prognojlications. 
The  Reader  of  Qrejham  College  for  the  Time  being. 

But  neither  this,  nor  any  other  Regulation  of  the 
Prefs,  could  reftrain  the  Oxonians  from  difperfing 
their  Mercuries  and  Diurnals  over  the  whole  Kingdom 
as  long  as  the  Univerfity  was  in  the  King's  Hands. 


CHAP. 


Chap.  II.       o/*  /^^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  51 


CHAP.     II. 

From  the  CaU'nig  the  AlTembly  of  Divines  cit 
Weftminfter  to  the  Oxford  Farliament. 

IT  has  been  obferved,  that  at  the  Setting  down  of  ^'"^ 
this  Parjiament,  the  Refoluuon  of  the  leading ^'^^'^'J^'^'^^* 
Members  was  to  remove  the  Grievances  of  the  Church  ^.^-^^n./ 
as  well  as  State,  and  for  this  Purpofc  to  addrefs  the 
King  to  call  an  Aflembly  of  Divines  to  reform  the 
Liturgy  and  Difcipline  of  it.  To  forward  this  De- 
figa  the  London  Minilters  in  their  Petitions  in  the 
Year  1641.  prayed  the  Houfes  to  be  Mediators  to  his 
Majefty  for  a  free  Synod,  and  the  Commons  accord- 
ingly mentioned  it  in  their  grand  Remonftrance  of 
Dec.  I.  1641.  "  We  defire  (fay  they)  that  there  may  he 
"  a  general  Synod  of  the  moji  grave ,  pious,  learned, 
*  *  and  judicious  Divines  of  this  Ifland,  afftfted  with  fome 
* '  from  foreign  Farts  prof  effing  the  fame  Religion  with  us, 
*'  who  may  confider  of  all  things  neceffary  for  the  Peace 
*'  and  good  Government  of  the  Churchy  and  to  repre- 
*'  fent  the  Refult  of  their  Confultations  to  be  allowed  and 
"  confirmed^  and  to  receive  the  Stamp  of  Authority" 
In  the  Treaty  of  Oxford  a  Bill  was  prelented  to  the 
fame  Purpofe  but  rejeded  :  Some  Time  after  Dr. 
Burges,  at  the  Head  of  the  Puritan  Clergy,  applied 
again  to  Parliament,  but  the  Houfes  were  unwill- 
ing to  take  this  Step  without  the  King,  li!]  they 
were  reduced  to  the  NecefTity  of  calling  in  the 
Scots,  who  infifted,  that  there  fhould  be  an  Unifor- 
mity of  Do5lrine  and  Difcipline  between  the  two  Nations. 
To  make  way  for  which  the  Houfes  turned  their  Bill 
into  an  Ordinance,  and  convened  the  Aflembly  by 
their  own  Authority. 

The  Ordinance  bears  date  Jum  12.  1643.  and  is 
the  very  fame  with  the  Oxford  Bill,  except  in  the 
Point  of  Lay-AfTeflbrs,  and  of  reftraining  the  AfTem- 

E  2  biy 


52  ry6/ HISTORY  VoLIIL 

Khg    biy  from  exercifin^  any  Jurifdiftion,  or  Authority 
.Cha^rles  I.  Ecclefiaflical  whatfoever.     It  is  entitled, 

Crdinance  An  Ordinance  of  the  Lords  and  Commons  in  Parliaments 

fir  calling  for  the  Calling  of  an  Affemhl^  of  learned  and  godly  Di- 

if  ifc'  vines,    and  others^  to  be  confulted  with  by  the  Par- 

ijines,  ^'  liament,  for  Settling  the   Government   and   Liturgy 

Rufhw.  ^f  ^^^  Church  of  England,   and  for  vindicating  and 
Vol.  ir,  '     clearing  of  the  Do^rine  of  the  f aid  Churchy  fromfalfe 

Part  III.  Afperfions  and  Interpretations* 


P-  337. 


The  Preamble  fets  forth, 

**  That  whereas  amongft  the  infinite  Bleflings  of 
"  Almighty  God  upon  this  Nation,  none  is,  or  can 
'*  be  more  dear  to  us,  than  the  Purity  of  our  Reli- 
*'  gion  ;  and  forafmuch  as  many  Things  as  yet  re- 
•'  main  in  the  Difcipline,  Liturgy,  and  Government 
•'  of  the  Church,  which  neceflarily  require  a  more 
**  perfe<51;  Reformation.     And  whereas  it    has  been 
*'  declared  and  refoived,  by  the  Lords  and   Com- 
*'  mens  aflembled  in  Parliament,  that  the  prefenc 
*'  Church   Government    by  Archbifhops,    Bifiiops, 
*'  their  Chancellors,    Commiflaries,    Deans,    Deans 
"  and  Chapters,  Archdeacons,  and  other  ecclefiafti- 
"  cal  Officers  depending  on  the  Hierarchy,  is  evil, 
*'  and  juftly  Offenfive  and  Burdenfome  to  the  King- 
"  dom,    and  a  great  Impediment  to  Reformation, 
**  and  Growth  of  Religion,  and  very  prejudicial  to 
*'  the   State    and    Government  of   this   Kingdom, 
*'  that  therefore  they  are  refoived,  the  fame  fhail 
"  be   taktn   away  ,    and  that  fuch   a   Government 
**  fhall    be  fectled  in  the  Church    as  may  he  moll 
"  agreeable  to  God*s  holy  Word,   and  mod  apt  to 
*'  procure  and  preferve  the  Peace  of  the  Church  at 
"  home,   and  nearer  Agreement  with  the  Church  of 
**  Scotland,    and  other    reformed    Churches  abroad. 
*'  And  for  the  better  effevfting  hereof,  and  for  the 
"  vindicating  and  clearing  of  the  Doctrine  cf  the 

«  Church 


r 


Ghap.II.        of  the  Puritans.  53 

*'  Church  of  England  from  all  falfe  Calumnies  and    King 
«*  Afperiions,  it  is  rhought  fit  to  call  an  AfTembly^^"^"  ^' 
•'  of  learned,  godly,  and  judicious  Divines,  to  con- ^^.^i^ 
"  fult  and  advife  ol  fuch  Matters  and  Things  touch- 
*'  ingthe  Premifes,  as  (hall  be  propofed  to  them  by 
**  both,   or  either  Floufes  of  Parliament  •,   and  to 
*'  give  their  Advice  and  Counfel  therein  to  both,  or 
*'  either  of  the  faid  Houfes,  when,  and  as  often  as 
•'  they  fliail  be  thereunto  required.'* 

•*  T3  E   it   therefore  ordained   by  the  Lords  and 
**   13  Commons  in  this  prefent  Parliament  afiem- 
**  bled.  That  all  and  every  the  Perfons  hereafter  ia 
•*  this  Ordinance  named  f  the  Ordinance  here  names 
*'  the  Perfons]  and  fuch   other  Perfons  as  fhall  be 
««  nominated  by  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,    or  fo 
"  many  of  them  as  (hall  noc  be  letted  by  Sicknefs, 
•'  or  other  neceffary  Impediment,  (hall  meet  and  af- 
*<  femble,  and  are  hereby  required  and  enjoined  up- 
**  on  Summons  figned  by  the  Clerks  of  both  Houfes 
*'  of  Parliament    left    at    their    feveral    refped:ive 
**  Dwellings,  to  meet  and  afTem  bleat  ^F<?/?7»zV^^(?r,  in 
*'  the  Chapel  called  King  Henr'j  the  Seventh's  Cha- 
''  pel,  on  the  firft  of  July,   1643.  and  after  the  firit 
**  Meeting,  being  at  leaft  of  the  Number  of  Forty, 
""  fhali  from  Time  to  Time  fit,  and  be  removed  from 
"  Place  ro  Place  -,  and  alfo,  that  the  faid  AlTembly 
*'  fhali  be  diffolved  in  fuch  manner  as  by  both  Hou- 
*'  fes  of  Parliament  (hall  be  directed.     And  the  faid 
*'  Ass,tUBL'v  Jhall  have  Power  and  Authority,  and  are 
•'  hereby  enjoined  from  ^ime  to  Time  ^  during  this  prefent 
"  Parliament,  or  till  further  Order  be  taken  by  both  the 
*'  faid  Houfes,  to  confer  and  treat  among  themfelves  of  fuch 
"  Matters  and  Things  concerning  the  Liturgy,  Difcipline, 
*'  and  Government  of  the  Church  of  England,    or  the 
•*  vindicating  and  clearing  of  the  Docirme  of  the  fame 
*'  from  all  falfe  AJperfions  and  Mifconjiru^iions,  as  fhall  be 
**  propofed  by  either  or  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  and 
*^  no  other  \  and  to  deliver  their  Advices  and  Opini- 

E  3  !'  ons 


54  77:^^  H I S  T O R Y         VoLIII. 

Khg    "  ons  touching  the  Matters  aforefaid,    as  (hall  be 

Charles  la  ^^^  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  to  both  or 

vJ-\/^  '*  either  Houfes  from  Time  to  Time,  in  fuch  man- 

"  ner  as  (hall   be  required,  and  not  to  divulge  the 

"  fame  by  printing,  writing,  or  otherwife,  without 

*'  Confent  of  Parliament." 

If  any  Difference  of  Opinion  arofe  they  were  to  re- 
prefent  it  to  Parliament  with  their  Reafons,  that 
the  Houfes  might  give  further  Dire<I!lion.  Four 
Shillings  ^  Day  was  allowed  for  each  one  during  his 
Attendance.  Dr.  William  Twijfe  of  Newhur'j  was  ap- 
pointed Prolocutor,  and  in  cafe  of  his  Sicknefs  or 
Death  the  Parliament  referved  to  themfelves  the 
Choice  of  another.  The  Ordinance  concludes  with 
the  following  Provifo  :  "  Provided  always.  That  this 
**  Ordinance  fhall  not  give  them,  nor  JJjall  they  in  this 
*'  AJfembly  ajjiime  or  exercife  any  Jur  ifdiofion.  Power , 
'*  or  Authority  Ecclefiajiical  whatfoever,  or  any  other 
'*  Power  than  is  herein  particularly  exprejfed,'** 

Then  follow  the  Names  of  Thirty  Lay-AJfeJ[ors, 
(viz. J  ten  Lords,  and  twenty  Commoners,  and  one 
Hundred  twenty  one  Divines. 

N.B.  The  Lay-Assessors  had  an  equal  Liberty 
of  debating  and  voting  wich  the  Divines,  and  were 
thefe  i 

Peers.  Edward  Lord  Fife.  Con- 

samesof  Algernoon  £.f?/'Northum-  way, 

AffefTofs-       berland,  Philip  Lor^  Wharton, 

William  E.  of  Bedford,  Edward  Lord  Howard  of 

William  E.  of  Pembrook  Efcrick. 

and  Montgomery, 

William  E.  (p/'Salifbury,  Commoners, 

Henry  £.  o/Holland,  John  Selden,  £/^; 

Edward  £.(j/Mancherter,  Francis  Roufe,  Efq-, 

William  Lord   Fife,  Say  Edmund  Prideaux,  Efq; 

and  Seal,  Sir  Henry  Vane,  Knt.  fen. 


Chap. II.       of /^^  Puritans."  55 

5ir  Henry  Vane, /ir«/.;»«.  Mr.  Serjeant  Wild,              ^fg 

John  Glynne,  E/qy   Re-  Mr.  Young,                       CharlerL 

corder  of  London,  Sir  Match.  Hale,    ^ft^f- \^p^ 

John  White,  Efq-,  wards   Lord  chief  Ju- 

Bulftrode  Whiclocke,£/^i  7?iV^  o///j^  King's  Bench 

Humphry  Salway,  £/^i  [^appeared,  fays  Anthony 

Oliver  St.  John,  Efg;  Wood,  among  the  h&y - 

Sir  Benj.  Rudyard,  Kut.  Affeffors.] 

John  Pym,  Efq^  -  • 

Sir  John  Clotworthy ,  Knt.  Lay- Affejfors From  Scotland. 

Sir  Tho.  Barrington,  Knt.  Lord  Maitland,  after  puke 

William  Wheeler,  EJq-,  Lauderdale, 

William  Pierpoint,  Efq-,  E.  Lothian, 

Sir  John  Evelyn,  Knt.  A.  Johnfton,    caUed  Lord 

John  Maynard,  Efq-,  Warrillon. 

The  Divines  were  chofen  out  of  fuch  Lifts  as  the 
Knights  and  Burgefles  brought  in,  of  Perfons  beft 
qualified  in  their  feveral  Counties,  out  of  which  the 
Parliament  agreed  upon  two ;  though  according  to 
Dr.  Calamy  fome  Counties  had  but  one. 

ji  hi  ST  of  the  AfTembly  0/  Divines  at  Weftminfter, 
in  Alphabetical  Order. 

Thofe  with  two  **  gave  conftant  Attendance  ;  thofe  with 
one  *  fat  in  the  AJfemhly  and  took  the  Proteftation,  but 
withdrew^  or  feldom  appeared  j  thofe  with  no  Star  did 
not  appear  at  all. 

Tofupply  the  Vacancies  that  happened  by  Death,  Defer tion, 
or  otherways,  the  Parliament  named  others  from  Time 
to  Time,  who  were  called  Superadded  Divines. 

^^The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Twi.sse,  c/ Newbury, 
was  appointed  by  Parlia^nenty  Prolocutor, 
Dr. Cornelius  Burges,") 

**ne  Rev.  ^J^Y^'^^'w  i  Affeffors. 

^Mr.  John    White,    ofr 

Dorchefter,  A.M.      j 

E  4     ^  ^-^^ 


S6  r^rHISTORY         Vol.  III. 

^^»i  (  Mr.HENRY  RoBOROuGH,^     Scribcs, 

Charles  I.   #  y^^  i?^^.  ^^Mr.ADONiRAM  ByfieldA^w^  had  no 
J^  ?      A.M.  S^otes. 

Vames  of  **  I'he  Rev.  John  Arrowfmith,  of  Lynne,  afterwards 
the  Di-  D.  D.  and  Mafter  of  Peter  Houfe,  Cambridge 

vinej.       **Mr.  Simeon  Afh,  <?/ 5/.  Brides,  or  Bafingfhaw 

**  Mr.  Theodore  Backhurft,  o/Overton  Waterville' 
**Mr,  The.  Bayly,  B.  D.  o/Manningford  Bruce 
**  Mr.  John  Bond,  afuperadded  Divine 

*  Mr.  Boulcon,  fuperadded 

**  Mr.  Oliver  Bowler,  B.  D.  <?/Sutton 
**Mr.  William  Bridge,  A.  M.  0/ Yarmouth 

^he  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Ralph  Brownrigge,  Bp.  o/Exon 

Mr.  Richard  Buckley 
**  Mr.  Antony  Burges,  A.  M.  o/Sutton  Coldfield 
**  Mr.  Jer.  Burroughs,  A.  M.  <?/Stepney 
**  Mr.  Richard  By  field,  A.  M.  fuperadded 
**  Edmund  Calamy,  B.  D.  Aldermanbury 
**Mr.  Tho.  Cafe,  Milk-Street 

Mr.  Richard  Capel,  o/Pitchcombe,  A.  M. 
**  Mr.  Jofeph  Caryl,  A.  M.  Lincoln's  Inn 
**Mr.  William  Carter,  of  London  ^ 

**  Mr.  Thomas  Carter,  of  Oxon 
**  Mr.  William  Carter,  o/Dynton,  Bucks 
**  Mr.  JohnCawdrey,  A.M.  St.M^vi.V\d6s,fuperadd, 
*•  Humph.  Chambers,  D.  D.  of  Claverton 
**  Francis  Cheynel,  D.  D.  of  Petworth 
**  Mr.  Peter  Clarke,  A.  M.  v/Carnaby 
•      **  Mr.  Richard  Clayton,  o/Showel 
**  Mr.  Francis  Coke,  o/Yoxhall 
**  Mr.  Tho.  Coleman,  A.M.  o/Bliton 
**John  Conant,  of  Lymington,    D.  D.    afterwards 

Jrchdeacon  of  Norwich,  and  Preb.  of  Worcefter 
**  Mr.  Edvv.  Corbet,  A.  M.  Merton  Coll.  Oxon 

*  Rob.  Croffe,  D.  D.  aft.  Vicar  of  Chew,  Somerfet 
**  Mr.  Philip  Delme,  fuperadded 

Mr.  Tho.  Dillingham,  c/Dean 

*  Calibute  Downing,  D,  D.  o/Hackney 
Mr.  William  Dunning,  ^Godalfton 

'The 


Chap.  II.       of  ihe  Pur  IT  Aii  s.  57 

**TbeRev.  Mr  John  Drurv,  JUper added  King 

Mr.  Edward  EJlis,  B.  •;.'  Gilfield  Charles  r. 

Mr.  JonnErle,  o/B:lhopftownc  C^^Li 

*  Dan.  Feacley,  D.  D.  of  Lambeth  ^^^V^ 

**  Mr.  Tho.  Ford,  A.  M.  fuperadded 
**Mr.  John  Foxcrotr,  0/ Gotham 

Mr.  Hannibal  Gammon,  A.  M.  o/Cornwall 
**Tho.  Gataker,  B.  D.  Rotherhiche 
**  Mr.  Samuel  Gibtbn,  of  Burleigh 
**  Mr.  John  Gibbon,  o/Waltham 
**Mr.  George  Gippes,  o/Aylfton 
**  Tho.Goodwin,D.D.  o/Lond.«//./'r^y?.Mag.C.Oxon 
**  Mr.  William  Goad,  fuperadded 
**  Mr.  Stanly  Gower,  <?/ Brampton  Bryan 
**  William  Gouge,  D.  D.  of  Black-Friars 
**  Mr.  William  Greenhill,  0/ Stepney 
**  Mr.  Green,  of  Pentecomb 

John  Hacket,  D.  D.  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  af- 

terwards  BifJwp  0/ Lichfield 
Henry  Hammond,  D.  D.  o/Pen(hur(l,  Kent 
**  Mr.  Henry  Hall,  B.  D.   Norwich 
**  Mr.  Humphry  Hardwicke,  fuperadded 
*  John  Harns,  D.D. Preh.V^\nc\\.lVardenofV<I\ckhzm 
**  Rob.Harris,D.D.o/"Hanwe],Pr^7?."  rin-  Coll.  Oxon 
**Mr.CHARLES  Herle,  A.M.  Winwick,  ^//.Proloc. 
**Mr.  Rich.  Heyrick,  A.M.  o/Mancheiler 
**  Thomas  Hill,  D.  D.    of  Tichmarfii,    afterwards 

MaferofT'-'m.CoU.Czwhndi'^t 
♦Samuel  Hil-  rOiam,  B.  D.  ^/Felton 
**  Mr.  Jafpe:  r  .ickes,  A.M.  ofLawrick 
**Mr.  Tho  Hodges,  B.  D.  o/Kenfington 

Richard  Holdlworth,  D.  D.  M.  Eman.  Coll.  Camb. 
**  Jofhua  Hoyle,  D.  D.  0/ Dublin,  Ireland 

Mr.  Henry  Hutron 
**  Mr.  John  Jackfon,  A.  M.  0/ Queen's  Coll.  Camb. 
*  Mr.  Johnfon 

Mr.  Lance,  Harrow,  Middlefex 
**  Mr.  John  Langley,  c?/ Weft  Tuderly,  Pr^^.  Glou. 
;* Mr.  John  Ley,  A.M.  Great Budworch 


5?  r/6^  HISTORY         Vol.  III. 

King    **  rheRev.]o\iv\  Lightfoot,D.D.o/Afhby,iVf.Cath.H. 
Charles  I.  *  Rich.  Love,  D.  D.  c/Ekinton 
yjf^   *Mr.  Chriftoph.  Love,  A.M.  juperadded 
•^*^      Mr.  William  Lyford,  A.  M.  Sherbourne 

*  Mr.  John  de  la  March,  Minft.  of  the  French  Church 
**  Mr.  Stephen  Marfhal,  B.  D.  o/Finchingfield 

*Mr.  William  MafTam,  Juperadded 

Mr.  John  Maynard,  A.  M.  fuperadded 
**Mr.  William  Mew,  B.  D.  <7/Effington 
**  Mr.  Tho.  Micklethwaic,   Cheriburton 

George  Morley,  D.  D.  afterwards  Bp.  Winchefter 
Mr.  William  Moreton,  Newcaftle 

*  Mr.  Moore 

**  Mr.  Match.  Newcomen,  Dedham 

*  Mr.  William  Newfcore,  fuperadded 

William  Nicholfon,  D.  D.  aftw.  Bp.  o/Gloucefter 

Mr.  Henry  Nye,  o/Clapham 
**  Mr.  Philip  Nye,  o/Kimbolton 

Mr.HERBERT  Palmer,  B.D.  Afhwel,  ^//f.  AfTeffor 

Mr.  Henry  Painter,  ^Exeter 

Mr.  Chriftopher  Parkly,  (?/'Hawarden 
**  Mr.  Edw.  Peal,  of  Compton 
**  Mr.  Andrew  Pern,  o/Wilby  Northampton 
**'Mr.  John  Philips,   Wrentham 
**  Mr.  Benj.  Pickering,  Eaft  Hoatly 

*  Mr.  Samuel  de  la  Place,  Min.  of  French  Church 
**  Mr.  Will.  Price,  of  St.  Paul's  Covent  Garden 

John  Pridcaux,  D.  D.  BifJ:)op  of  \N orcQ^cr 
**  Mr.  Nicolas  Proffet,  o/Marlborough 

Mr.  John  Pyne,  o/Bereferrars 
**  Mr.  William  Rathband,  o/Highgate 
**  Mr.  William  Reyner,  B.D.  Egham 
**  Edw.  Reynolds,  of  Brampton,  D.D.  aft.Bp.'N or v/ich 
**  Mr.  Arthur  Salway,  Severn  Stoke 

Rob.  Saunderfon,  D.  D.  aft.  Bifbop  of  Lincoln 
**  Mr.  Henry  Scudder,  o/"Colingbourne 
**  Lazarus  Seaman, B.D.  <?/ Lond.  M.  Peter  H.  Camb. 
**'Mr.  Obadiah  Sedgwick,  B.D.Coggefhall 

Mr.  Jofias  Shute,  B.  D.  Lombard-Street 

The 


Chap. II.       o/' /^^  Puritans.  59 

**'Tbe  Rev.  Mr.  Sydrach  Sympfon,  London  King 

**  Pccer  Smith,  D.  D.  of  Barkway  ^^^arlcs  I; 

**  William  Spurftow,  D.  D.  0/ Hampden  v^V^ 

**  Edmund  Staunton,  D.  D.  of  Kingfton  n^^V^^ 

**Mr.  Peter  Sterry,  London 

**  Mr.  John  Strickland,  B.  D.  New  Sarum,  fiiper added 

**  Matth.  Styles,  D.  D.  Eaftcheap 

*  Mr.  Strong,  Wellminfter,  fuperadded 
**  Mr.  Francis  Taylor,  A.  M.  Yalding 
**Tho.  Temple,  D.  D.  o/Batterfey 

**  Mr.  Tho.  Thoroiighgood,  Maflingham 
**  Mr.  Chriftoph.  Tildale,  Uphurft  Bourne 

*  Mr.  Henry  Tozer,  B.  D.  Oxon 

**  Henry  Tuckney,  D.  D.  ^Bofton,  afterw.  Majler 

of  Saint  John';  Coll.  Oxon,  and  Regius  Profejfor 
**  Mr.  Tho.  Valentine,  B.  D.  Chalfort,  Saint  Giles'j 
**  Mr.Rich.Vines,  A.M.o/Calcot,M.Pemb.f/.Camb. 
TJie  viojl  Rev.  Dr.  James  Uflier,  Archhp.  'of  Armagh 
**  Mr.  George  Walker,  B.  D.  St.  John  Evans 

Samuel  Ward,  D.  D.  Mafler  of  Sidney  Coll  Camb. 
**  Mr.  John  Wallis,  afterwards  D.  D.  and  Scribe 
**  Mr.  John  Ward,  fuperadded 

Mr.  James  Welby,  Sylatten 

*  Thomas  Weftfield,  D.  D.  BiJIjop  of  "^n^oi 
**  Mr.  Jeremiah  Whitaker,  A.  M.  Stretton 

Mr.  Francis  Whiddon,  Moreton 
**  Henry  Wilkinfon,  fen.  D.  D.  Waddefdon,  afterw, 

Margaret  Profejfor^  Oxon 
**  Mr.  Henry  Wilkinfon,  jun.  B.  D.  St.  Dunftans 
»*  Mr.  Tho.  Wilfon,  Otham 

*  Tho.  Wincop,  D.  D.  Elefworth 

**  John  Wincop,  D.  D.  St.  Martin'j  in  the  Fields 
**  Mr.  Francis  Woodcock,  Pro5lor  of  the  Univ.Q^mh. 
**  Mr.  Thomas  Young,  Stow  Market 
Miniflers  from  Scocland. 
**  Mr.  Alexander  Henderfon 
**  Mr.  George  Gillefpie 
**  Mr.  Samuel  Rutherford 
J*  Mr.  Robert  Bayly 

Before 


6o  ^y^.?  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King        Before  the  Affembly  fat,  the  King  by  his  royal  Pro- 
Charles  I-clamationof  Jz/«(?  22.  forbid  their  Meeting,  for  the 
\^rs^  Purpofes  therein  mentioned  i  and  declared,  that  no 
Ads  done  by  them  ought  to  be  received  by  his  Sub- 
je6ls }  he  alfo  threatened  to  proceed  againft  them 
with  the  uimoft  Severity  of  the  Law  ;    neverthelefs, 
Sixty  nineaflembled  in  KingHenry  the  Seventh's  Cha- 
pel the  fir  ft  Day,  according  to  Summons,  not  in  their 
Canonical  Habits,  but  [chiefly  in  black  Coats   and 
Bands,  in  Imitation  of  the  foreign  Proteftants.     Few 
of  the  Epifcopal  Divines  appeared,  and  thofe,  after 
fome  Time  withdrew,  for  the  following  Reafons. 
Reafons  of    Obj.  I.  "  Becaufe  the  Affembly  was  prohibited  by 
the  Epifcorii  f^g  royal  Proclamation',  which  Dr.  Twijje  in  his 
^fS^tiV  Sermon,  at  the  opening  the  Affembly  lamented, 
^^S,/"  but  hoped  in  due  Time  his  Majefty's  Confent 
•*  might  be  obtained, 

Anfw.  To  which  it  was  replied^  "  That  the  Con- 
**  ftitutionatprefencwasdiffolvedj  that  thereweretwo 
*'  fovereign  contending  Powers  in  the  Nation  ;  and  if 
«*  the  War  in  which  the  Parliament  was  engaged  was 
•'  juft  and  neceffary,  they  might  affunve  this  Branch 
"  of  the  Prerogative,  till  the  Nation  was  fettled,  as 
<'  well  as  any  other. 

Ohj.  2.  "  Becaufe  the  Members  of  the  Affembly 
*«  were  not  chofen  by  the  Clergy,  and  therefore 
'*  could  not  appear  as  their  Reprefentatives. 

Anfw.  To  which  it  was  anfwered,  **  That  the  Af- 
**  fembly  was  not  defigned  for  a  National  Synod,  or 
*'  Re prefent alive  Body  of  the  Clergy,  bur  only  as  a 
*'  Committee,  or  Council  to  the  Parliament,  to  give 
"  their  Opinion  touching  fuch  Church  Matters  as  the 
«*  Houfes  Ihould  lay  before  them  ;  they  had  no 
*'  Power  of  themfelves  to  make  Laws  or  Canons, 
"  or  determine  Controverfies  in  Matters  of  Faith. 
"  They  were  to  enter  upon  no  Bufinefs  but  what  the 
«'  Parliament  appointed,  and  when  rhey  had  done 
«'  they  were  to  offer  it  to  the  two  Houfes  only  as 
"  their  humble  Advice  ;  and  furely  the  Parliaiiient 

"  might 


\ 


Chap.  II.        of  the  Fv  KIT  AH  B.  6t 

**  might  choofe  their  own  Council,   without  being    K'»g 
♦'  obliged  to  depend  upon  the  Nomination  of  the^'^'^'j'"  ^' 
"  Clergy.  J^ 

Obj.  3.  *'  But  as  great  an  Exception  as  any,  was 
"  their  Diflike  of  the  Company,  and  of  the  Bufmefs 
*'  they  were  to  tranfadt ;  there  was  a  Mixture  of 
"  Laity  with  the  Clergy ;  the  Divines  were  for  the 
"  moft  part  of  a  puritanical  Stamp,  and  Enemies  to 
"  the  Hierarchy  j  and  their  Bufinefs  (they  appre- 
**  hended)  was  to  pull  down  that  which  they  would 
^'  uphold. 

j^nfw.  "  This  being  not  defigned  for  a  legal  Con- 
"  vocation,  but  for  a  Council  to  the  Parliament 
"  in  the  Reformation  of  the  Church,  they  appre- 
*'  hended  they  had  a  Power  to  join  fome  of  their  own 
"  Members  with  fuch  a  Com7nittee  or  Council^  with- 
"  out  intrenching  upon  the  Rights  of  Convocation, 
*'  —  The  Divines,  except  the  Scots  and  French^ 
<«  were  in  Epifcopal  Orders,  educated  in  our  own 
*«  Univerfities,  and  mofl  of  them  Graduates  ;  their 
«'  Bufinefs  was  only  to  advife  about  fuch  Points  of 
**  Dodrine  and  Church  Difcipline  as  fhould  be  laid 
**  before  them,  in  which  the  Epifcopal  Divines  might 
*'  have  been  of  Service,  if  they  had  continued  with 
"  the  AfTembly,  to  which  they  were  moft  earneftly 
"  invired.'* 

I  believe  no  Set  of  Clergy  fince  the  Beginning  of 
Chriftianity  have  fufFered  fo  much  in  their  Charafters 
and  Reputations,  as  thefe,  for  their  Advices  to  the  two 
Houfes  of  Parliament.     In  his  Majefty*s  Vroz\2im2i- ckamBer 
tion  Q>{June  22.  the  far  greatefl  Part  of  them  are  faid"/'^^  ^Z- 
to  be  Men  of  no  Learning  or  Reputation.     Lord  Cla-^^"^^^'^' 
rendon  admits,  *'  about  Twenty  of  them  were  reve-^°'-^- 
"  rend  and  worthy  Perfons,    and  Epifcopal  in  their P'  ^5°' 
*»  Judgments ;  but  as  to  the  Remainder,  they  were 
*'  buc  Pretenders  to  Divinity  ;  fome  were  infamous 
"    in   tneir  Lives  and  Converfations,    and   moft  of 
♦'  them  of  very  mean  Parts  and  Learning,  if  not  of 
**  fcandalous   Ignorance,    ani^    of    no    other    Re- 

^'  putation 


62  7'>&^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

King  «  putation  than  of  Malice  to  the  Church  of  £«g/^«i.** 
Charles  I.  His  Lordfliip  would  infinuate,  That  they  underftood 
yjp^t^  not  the  original  Text,  becaufe  the  learned  Mr.  SeUen 
fometimes  corredled  the  £??^///^Tranflation  of  their  lit- 
tle Pocket  Bibles,  and  put  them  into  Confufion,  by 
his  uncommon  Acquaintance  with  Jewijb  Antiquities ; 
as  if  that  great  Man  would  have  treated  a  Convoca- 
tion with  more  Decency  or  Refped.  But  Arch- 
billiop  Laud's  Account  is  ftill  more  extravagant ;  for 
though  *tis  notorious  the  Affembly  would  not  allow 
a  Toleration  to  thofe  whom  they  called  Sedlaries, 
yet  his  Grace  hy^,  "  Thegreateft  Part  of  them  were 
"  Brownijls  or  Independents,  or  New  England  Mini- 
'-'  fters,  if  nor  worfe,  or  at  belt  Enemies  to  the  Do- 
*'  div'mt  and  Difcipline  of  the  Church  of  England-," 
whereas  in  truth  there  were  not  above  fix  Indepen^ 
d^ils  in  the  Affembly,  and  not  one  New  England  Mt- 
nifter  th^t  I  know  of.  If  the  Reader  will  carefully 
perufe  the  Lift,  he  will  find  in  it  fomeof  the  moft  con- 
fider^able  Lawyers  and  ableft  Divines  of  the  laft  Age; 
and  though  they  might  have  miftaken  Notions  of 
Church  Difcipline,  and  were  no  better  acquainted 
with  the  Rights  of  Confcience  and  private  Judgment, 
than  their  Predeceffors  the  Bifhops,  yet  with  all  their 
Faults,  impartial  Pofterity  will  admit  the  far  great* 
eft  Number  were  Men  of  exemplary  Piety  and  De- 
votion, who  had  a  real  Zeal  for  the  Glory  of  God, 
and  the  Purity  of  theChriftian  Faith  and  Pradlice. 
Mr.  Eachard  confefTes,  that  Lord,  Clarendon  had, 
perhaps,  with  too  much  Severity  faid,  that  fome  of 
thefe  Divines  were  infamous  in  their  Lives  and  Cha- 
ra6lers ;  but  Mr.  Ba^cter,  who  was  better  acquainted 
with  them  than  his  Lordfliip,  or  any  of  his  Fol- 
lowers, adds,  "  That  they  were  Men  of  eminent 
*'  Learning,  Godliqefs,  minifterial  Abilities,  and 
«  Fidelity" 

fie  JJfem-      The  Affembly  was  opened  on  Saturday  July  i.  with 
hiy  opens,    a  Scimon  preached  by  Dr .  TwiJ/e  in  King  Henry  the 

Seventh's 


Chap.  II.       of  fbe  Vu  KIT  AiJS,  63 

Seventh's  Chapel,  both  Houfes  of  Parliament  being     King 
prefenr.     The  Ordinance  for  their   Convention  was^^^'"''^''  ^' 
then  read,  and  the  Names  of  the  Members  called  ^Lt^ 
over,  after  which  they   adjourned  to  Monday y    and 
agreed  on  the  following  Rules. 

(i.J  "  That   every  Seflion  begin  and  end    with^«^"  ^- 

"  JPrayer.  fhfZm- 

(2.)  *'  That  after  the  firft  Prayer  the  Names  of  ^j^^^  ^^^' 

"  the  Affcmby  be  called  over,  and  thofe  that  are 

*'  abfent  marked  ;  but  if  any  Member  comes  in  af- 

"  terwards  he  fhall  have  liberty  to  give  in  his  Name 

*'  to  the  Scribes. 

(3.^  "  That  every  Member  before  his  AdmifTion 

*'  to  fit  and  vote  do  take  the  following  Vow  or  Pro- 

*'  teftation. 

«'  T  A.  B.  do  ferioufly  and  folemnly,  in  the  Prefence 
"  JL  of  Almighty  God,  declare  that  in  this  AlTembly 
"  whereof  I  am  Member,  I  will  not  maintain  any 
«  Thing  in  Matter  of  Do6lrine  but  what  I  believe  in 
'*  my  Confcience  to  be  moft  agreeable  to  the  Word 
*'  of  God  ;  or  in  Point  of  Difcipline,  but  what  I 
"  Ihall  conceive  to  conduce  moft  to  the  Glory  of 
"  God,  and  the  Good  and  Peace  of  his  Church. 

And  to  refrefh  their  Memories  this  Protefiation  was 
read  in  the  Aflembly  every  Monday  Morning, 

(4.)  "  That  the  appointed  Hour  of  Meeting  be 
**  Ten  in  the  Morning  ;  the  Afternoon  to  be  refer- 
"  ved  for  Committees. 

(5.)  "  That  three  of  the  Members  of  the  AfTem- 
*'  bly  be  appointed  weekly  as  Chaplains,  one  to  the 
"  Houfe  of  Lords,  another  to  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
**  mons,  and  a  third  to  the  Committee  of  both  King- 
**  doms."  The  ufual  Method  was  to  take  it  by 
Turns,  and  every  Friday  the  Chaplains  were  ap- 
pointed for  the  following  Week, 


64  r/^^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

R^f^g        (6.)  "  That  all  the  Members  of  the  Affembly 
Charles  I. «<  j^^yg  liberty  to  be  covered,  except  the  Scribes;" 
^L^^-  who  fome  Time  afcer  had  alfo  this  Liberty  indulged 
them. 

Befides  thefe,  the  Parliament  on  Thurfday  follow- 
y  ing  fent  them  fome  further  Regulations.     As, 

Regulati'  (i-)  *'  That /ze;o  ^^^rj  be  joined  with  the  Prolo- 
om  fent  "  cutor,  to  fupply  his  Place  in  cafe  of  Abfence  or 
them  by    c«  Sickncfs,  (vtz.)  Dr.  Cornelius  Surges  and  the  Re- 

mi''*''"''"  ^^^^"^  ^^-  J^^^  ^^^^^  ofDorch^jhr. 

(2.)  *'  That  Scribes  be  appointed,  who  are  not  to 
"  vote  in  the  Affembly,  viz.  the  Reverend  Mr. 
<«  Rohorough  and  Mr.  Byjield. 

(3.J  "  That  every  Member  at  his  firft  Entrance  in- 
«'  to  the  Affembly  take  the  forementioned  Protejla- 
"  iion. 

(4.)  "  That  no  Refolution  be  given  upon  any 
"  Queftion  the  fame  Day  wherein  it  was  firft  pro- 
"  pofed. 

(5-)  *'  What  any  Man  undertakes  to  prove  as  a 
*«  neceffary  Truth  in  Religion  he  fliall  make  good 
"  from  the  Holy  Scriptures. 

(6.)  "  No  Man  fhall  proceed  in  any  Difpute,  af- 
"  ter  the  Prolocutor  has  enjoin'd  him  Silence,  unlefs 
"  the  Affembly  defire  he  may  go  on. 

(7.)  "  No  Man  Ihall  be  denied  the  Liberty  of  en.- 
<'  tering  his  Diffent  from  the  Affembly,  with  his 
■*'  Reafons  for  it,  after  the  Point  has  been  debated; 
"  from  whence  it  fhall  be  tranfmitted  to  Parliament, 
"  when  either  Houfe  fhall  require  it. 

C8.j  "  All  Things  agreed  upon,  and  prepared  for 
*'  the  Parliament,  fhall  be  openly  read,  and  allowed 
'*  in  the  Affembly,  and  then  offered  as  their  Judg- 
"  ment,  if  the  Majority  affent ;  provided,  that  the 
*'  Opinions  of  the  Perfons  diffenting,  with  their  Rea- 
*'  fons,  be  annexed,  if  they  defire  it,  and  the  Sol u- 
"  tion  of  thofe  Reafons  by  the  Affembly.'* 

The 


Chap.  II.       of  the  PvR  IT  AH  s.  6^ 

The  Proceedings  being  thus  fettled,  the  Parliament    Khg 
fenc  the  AfTembly  an  Order  to  review  the  XXXIX <=^^^^'"  ^• 
Articles  of  the  Church  ;  but  before  they  enter'd  up-^^^^i;^ 
on  Bufinefs  ihcy  pcticion'd  the  two  Houfes  for  a  Fall. 
Upon  which  Bifhop  Kennet  pafles  the  following  fevere 
Cenfure,   Impartially  /peaking,  'lis  Jluft  with  Schifm,  Se- 
dition and  Cruelly,  I  will  therefore  fet  the  Subftance 

of  the  Petition  before  the  Reader  in  their  own  Lan-  ^ 

guage,    that  he  may  form  his  own  Judgment  upon 
it,  and  upon  the  State  of  the  Nation. 

To  the  Right  Honourable  the  Lords  and  Commons  ajfemhled 
in  Parliament, 

The  humble  Petition  of  divers  Minijiers  of  Chrifly  in  the 
Name  of  themfeheSy  and  fundry  others. 

Humbly  fhewelh, 
'  T'r'HAT   your  Petitioners  upon  ferious  Confi-^/^w^y^ 
'     X     deration,    and  deep  Senfe   of  God's  heavy  ^^^'*^"/''*' 
'  Wrath   lying   upon    us,    and    hanging  over  our'*^'^* 
'  Heads,    and  the  whole  Nation,    manifefted  par-y"j  y" 
'  ticularly    by   the    two   late    fad    and    unexpe6tedp_  5./ 
'  Defeats  of  our  Forces  in  the  North  and  in  the 
'   Weft,  do  apprehend  it  to  be  our  Duty,  as  Watch- 
'  men  for  the  good  of  the  Church  and  Kingdom,  to 
'  prefent  to  your  religious  and  prudent  Confidera-' 
'  tion  thcfe  enfuing  Requefts,  in  the  Name  of  Jesus 
'  Christ,  your  Lord  and  ours. 

Firji,  "  That  you  would  be  pleafed  to  command  a 
'  publick   and   extraordinary   Day  of  Humiliation 

*  this  Week,  throughout  the  Cities  of  London^ 
'  I'FeJl minder,  the  Suburbs  of  both,  and  Places  ad- 
'  jacent  within  the  weekly  Bills  of  Mortality,  thac 
'  every  one  may  bitterly  bewail  his  own  Sins,  and 
'  cry  mightily  to  God,  fo'-  Chritl  fake,  to  remove 
«  his  Wrath,  and  to  heal  the  Land  •,  with  profcffed- 

*  ly  new  Refolution  of  more  fu^i  Performance  of  the 
'  late  Covenant,  for  the  Ainendmencofour  Ways. 

Vol.  hi.  F  Second^ 


66  7i&^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King  Secondly^  **  That  you  would  vouchfafe  inllantly  to 
Charles  I.  tc  f^j^g  jj^j-q  yQ^^  ^^^^  ferious  Confideration,  how  you 
^Lt^  "  may  more  fpeedily  fet  up  Christ  more  glorioufly 
'*  in  all  his  Ordinances  within  this  Kingdom,  and  re- 
"  form  all  Things  amifs  throughout  the  Land,  where- 
**  in  God  is  more  fpecially,  and  more  immediately 
"  difhonoured,  among  which  we  humbly  lay  before 
"  you  thefe  Particulars. 

1.  "  That  the  brutifh  Ignorance,  and  palpable 
•*  Darknefs  poflefling  the  greateft  Part  of  the  People, 
*'  in  all  Places  of  the  Kingdom  may  be  remedied,  by 
♦*  a  fpeedy  and  ftri<5l  Charge  to  all  Minifters,  con- 
*'  ftanrly  to  catechize  all  the  Youth  and  ignorant 
'*  People  within  their  Parifhes. 

2.  '*  That  the  grievous  and  heinous  Pollution  of 
"  the  Lord's  Supper,  by  thofe  who  are  grofly  igno- 
"  rant,  and  notorioufly  profane,  may  be  henceforth 
"  with  all  Chriftian  Care,  and  due  Circumfpedtion 
**  prevented. 

3.  "  That  the  bold  venting  of  corrupt  Docflrines, 
<'  dire<5lly  contrary  to  the  facred  Law  of  God,  may 
•*  be  fpeedily  fuppreffed. 

4.  *'  That  the  Profanation  of  any  Part  of  the 
"'  Lord's  Day,  and  the  Days  of  folemn  Falling,  by 
"^'  buying,  felling,  working,  fporting,  travelling,  or 
*'  negledting  of  God's  Ordinances,  may  be  remedied, 
"  by  appointing  fpecial  Officers  in  every  Place  for 
"  the  due  Execution  of  all  good  Laws  and  Ordinan- 
*'  ces  againft  the  lame. 

5.  *'  That  there  may  be  a  thorough  and  fpeedy 
*'  Proceeding  againft  blind  Guides,  and  fcandalous 
*'  Minifters ;  and  that  your  Wifdom  would  find  out 
*'  fome  Way  to  admit  into  the  Miniftry  fuch  godly 
*•  and  hopeful  Men  as  have  prepared  themfelves, 
*'  and  are  willing  thereunto,  without  which  there 
*'  will  fuddcnly  be  fuch  a  Scarcity  of  able  and  faith- 
"  ful  Minifters,  that  it  will  be  to  little  Purpofe  to 
**  caft  out  fuch  as  are  unable,  idle,  or  fcandalous. 

6.  "  ThaE 


Chap.  II.        of  the  Pv  RiT  Aifs,  67 

6.  **  That  the  Laws  may   be  quickened  againfl:     K^«g 
Swearingr  and  Drunkennefs,  with  which  the  Land^^^^'"  ** 
is  filled  and  defiled,  and  under  which  ic  mourns.      \^^J^ 

7.  "  That  fome  fevere  Courfe  be  taken  againft 
Fornication,  Adultery  and  Inceft,  which  do  great- 
Jy  abound. 

8.  "  That  all  Monuments  of  Idolatry  and  Super- 
ftition,  but  more  efpecially  the  whole  Body  and 
Pracftice  of  Popery  may  be  totally  abolifhed. 

9.  "  That  Juftice  may  be  executed  on  all  Delin- 
quents, according  to  your  religious  Fow  and  Pro- 
tejlatiofj  to  thac  Purpofe. 

10.  *'  That  all  polTible  Means  may  be  ufed  for 
the  fpeedy  Relief  and  Relcafe  of  our  miferable, 
and  extreamly  diftrefled  Brethren,  who  are  Prifo- 
ners  in  Oxford^  Tork,  and  elfewhere,  whofe  heavy 
Sufferings  cry  aloud  in  the  Ears  of  our  God  ;  and 
it  would  lie  very  heavy  on  ihe  Kingdom  ihould 
they  mifcarry,  fuffering  as  they  do  tor  the  Caufe 
of  God. 

"  That  fo  God,  who  is  now  by  the  Sword  aveng- 
ing the  Qiiarrel  of  his  Covenant,  beholding  your 
Incegriry  and  Zeal,  may  turn  from  the  Fiercenefs 
of  his  Wrath,  hear  our  Prayers,  go  forth,  with 
our  Armies,  perfect  the  Work  of  Reformation, 
forgive  our  Sins,  and  fettle  Truth  and  Peace 
throughout  the  Kingdom. 

"  And  your  Petitioners  Jfjall  ever  pray,  &c."     j 

Purfuant  to  this  Petition,  Friday^  Jul^  21.  was 
appointed  for  a  Faft,  when  the  Reverend  Mr.  Bozvles 
and  Newcomen  preached  before  both  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
ment and  the  AlTembly  together ;  and  the  Faft  was 
obferved  with  areaL  Solmnirv  in  all  the  Churches 
within  the  Limits  abovementioned. 

Next  Day  a  Committee  of  Divines  was  appointed ^//^f^/iwi 
to  confider   what  Amendments  were  proper   to  be^w   the 
made  in  the  docHirinal  Articles  of  the  Church  of  £;»^_XXXIX 
land^  and  report  them  to  the  Afiembly,  who  were    '''"* 

F  2  ten 


68  r/6^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King     ten  Weeks  in  debating  upon  the  ?ixdi  fifteen ^  before 
Charles  I.  ji^g  Arrival  of  the  Scots  Commiflioners  •,  the  Defign 
^^..-y-^^  was  to  render  their  Senfe  more  exprefs  and  determi- 
nate in   favour  of  Calvinifm.     'Tis  not  neceflary  to 
trouble  the  Reader  with  the  theological  Debates  *,  but 
the  Articles,  as  they  were  new  modell'd,  being  rare- 
Appendixjjy  ^-^  {^^  met  with,  I  have  placed  them  in  the  Ap- 
pendix,  with  the  original  Articles  of  the  Church, 
in  oppofite  Columns,  that  the  Reader  by  comparing 
them  may  judge,  whether  the  Alterations  are  for  the 
better  or  nor. 
Cenfures  of     As  the  AfTembly  were  for  ftrengthening  the  Do- 
Antino-    iftrincs  of  the  Church  againft  Arminianifm^  they  were 
miani  m.  ^q^,2]Jy  fojicitous  to  guard  againft  the  oppofite  Ex- 
tream  of  Antinomianifm^  for  which  Purpofe  they  ap- 
pointed a  Committee  to  perufe  the  Writings  of  Dr. 
Crifp^    Eaton,    Salttnar/h,    and  others ;    who  having 
drawn  out  fome  of  their  moft  dangerous  Pofitions, 
reported  them  to  the  AfTembly,  where  they  were  not 
only  condemned,  but  confuted  in  their  publick  Ser- 
mons and  Writings. 
Tarlia-  At  this  7'ime  the  Intereft  of  the  Parliament  was  fo 

^7* hi*"^  reduced,  that  they  were  obliged  to  call  in  the  Afli- 
apTJthe^^^^^  of  the  Scots.    The  Confervators  of  the  Peace 
Scots.        of  that  Kingdom  had  appointed  a  Convention  of  the 
States,    Jime  22.    under   Pretence  of  fecuring  their 
Country   againft  the  Power  of  the  Royal  Army  in 
the  North  -,    and    a  general  AfTembly,  Aug.  2.    to 
confider  the  State  of  Religion.     His  Majefty  would 
have  forbid  their  Meeting,  but  that  being  impracti- 
cable, he  gave  Orders  to  limit  their  Confultations  to 
Rufhw.     the  Concerns  of  their  own  Country  ;  but  the  Parlia- 
Vol.  V.     ment  of  England  lent  the  Earl  of  Rutland,  Sir  William 
466  ^469  ^'^^y^^  Sir  H.  Kane,  Mr.  Hatcher,  Mr.  Darky,  and 
'two  Divines  from  IVeJlminJier,    (viz.J  Mr.  Marjhal 
and  Mr.  A^^'^,  with  Letters  to  each  of  thefe  AfTem- 
blies,   defiring  their  AfTiftance  in  the  War,  and  the 
AfTiftance  of  fome  of  their  Divines  with  thofe  at 
Wejtminfter,  to  fettle  an  Uniformity  of  Religion  and 

Church 


Chap.  II.        o/"  //6^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  69 

Church  Government  for  the  two  Nations.    To  enforce     K'»g 

thefe  Requefts  they  delivered  a  Letter  from  the  Af-^*'"'"  ^' 

fembly,  "  fetting  forth  the  deplorable  Condicion  ofv_J-^t^ 

*'  the  Kingdom  of  England,  which  was  upon  the  Edge 

*'  of  a  moll  defperate  Precipice,  ready  to  be  fwaiiow- 

*'  ed  up  by  Satan  and  his  Inftruments  ;  they  repre- 

*'  fent  [he  Cruelty  of  their  Enemies  againft  fuch  as 

"  fall  into  their  Hands,  being  armed  againrt  them, 

•'  not  only  as  Men,  but  as  Chr.ftians,  as  Protcllants, 

*'  and  as  Reformers  *,  and  that  if  they  fliould  be  gi- 

*'  ven  up  to  their  Rage,  they  fear  it  will  endanger 

**  the  Safety  of  all  the  Proteflant  Churches.     In  a 

**  deeper  Senfe  of  this  Danger  (fay  theyj  than  we 

*'  can  exprefs,    we  addrefs    you  in  the    Bowels  of 

*'  Chrift,  for  your  moft  fervent  Prayers  and  Advice, 

"  what  further  to  do  for  the  making  our  own  and  the 

**  Kingdom's  Peace  with  God,  and  for  the  Uniting 

"  the  Proteftant  Party  more  firmly,  that  we  may 

*'  all   ferve  God  with  one  Confent,    and  ftand  up 

'"  againft  Antichrift  as  one  Man.". 

The  Commiflioners  arrived  at  Edinburgh  Aug.  9. 
and  were  favourably  received  by  the  Aflembly,  who 
propofed,  as  a  Preliminary,  that  the  two  Nations 
Ihould  enter  into  a  perpetual  Covenant  for  themfelves 
and  their  Pofterity,  that  all  Things  might  be  done 
in  God*s  Houfe  according  to  his  Will  ;  and  having 
appointed  fome  of  their  Number  to  confult  with  the 
Englijh  Commiflioners  about  a  proper  Form,  they 
chofe  Delegates  for  the  JVepninJier  Aflembly,  and 
unanimoufly  advifed  the  Convention  of  States  to  aflift 
the  Parliament  in  the  War,  for  the  following  Rea- 

fons.  Renfns  of 

I.  "  Becaufe  they  apprehended  the  War  was  for  J**^ 5^"^^' 
"  Religion..     2.  Becaufe  the  Proteftant  Faith  was  ^^l^Qx\inl 
"  danger.     3.    Gratitude  for  former  Afljftances  sit for ajjlfiirg 
'*  the  Time  of  the  Scots  Reformation,    required  a.thehng\ii\\ 
*'  fuitable  Return,     4.  Becaufe  the  Churches  of  Scot-  p^^^^^- 
<«  land  and  England  being  imbarked  in  one  Bottom,  ^^^' 
"  if  one  be  ruined  the  other  can't  fubfift.     5.  ThcY^j  y' 

F  3  "Pro- p. 472.' 


70  ^^^  M I S T O R Y         Vol.nI. 

Khg  ««  Profpeft  of  an  Uniformity  between  the  two  King- 
Charles  I.t<  jJQn^g  irj  Difcipline  and  Worfhip  will  ftrengthen  the 
S^^^f'-y^  *'  Proteftant  Incereft  at  home  and  abroad.  6.  The 
"  prefent  Parliament  had  been  friendly  to  the  Scots^ 
•'  and  might  be  fo  again.  7.  Though  the  King  had  fo 
*'  lately  eftablilhed  their  Religion  according  to  their 
"  Defires,  yet  they  could  not  confide  in  his  royal 
**  Declarations,  having  fo  often  found /^(^^"y^r^zifoa- 
<^«  traria" 

The  Inftrudlions  of  the  Commiflioners  fent  to  the 
i^flembly  at  Weftminfter^  were  to  promote  the  Extir- 
pation of  Popery,  Prelacy,  Herefy,  Schifm,  Scep- 
ticifm  and  Idolatry,  and  to  endeavour  an  Union  be- 
tween the  two  Kingdoms  in  one  Confeffion  of  Faith, 
one  Form  of  Church  Government,  and  one  Diredory 
of  Worfhip. 
Ccffimitiee      Tj^g  Committee  for  drawing  up  the  folemn  League 
to^frame  a  ^"^  Covenant  delivered  it  into  the  Affembly ,  Aug.  1 7, 
Solemn      where  it  was  read,    and  highly  applauded,    by  the 
League     Minifters  and  Lay-Elders^  none  oppofing  it  but  the 
and  Cove-  King's  Commiffioners ;  fo  that  it  pafs*d  both  the  Af- 
"'"''•.        fembly  and  Convention  in  one  Day,  and  was  difpatch- 
Harrnl.  M.  ^^  ^^^^^  Morning  to  Wefiminjler^  with  a  Letter  to  the 
two  Houfes,  wiHiing  that  it  might  be  confirmed,  and 
folemnly  fworn,    and  fubfcribed   in  both  Kingdoms^ 
as  the  furefl  and  ftridteft  Obligation  to  make  them 
Hand  and  fall  together  in  the  Caufe  of  Religion  and 
Liberty. 
JA*.  Mar-       jyjr.  Marjhal  and  'Nye  in  their  Letter  to  the  Affem- 
N^i-iL^.b^y  oiAug.  18.  affure  their  Brethren,  the  Scots  Cler- 
u*  to  the  gy  were  entirely  on  the  Side  of  the  Parliament  in  this 
jpmhiy at  Qua.rre]^  againft  the  Popifh  and  Epifcopal  Faction  ; 
Weftmin-  j^^t  there  were  between  Twenty  and  Thirty  of  the 
prime  Nobility  prefent  when  the  Covenant  pafs*d  the 
Convention  ;  and  that  even  the  King's  Commiflioners 
confefTed,  that  in  their  private  Capacity  they  were 
for  it,  though  as  his  Majefty's  CommifTioncrs  they 
were  bound  tooppofe  it.  So  chat  if  the  Englijh  Parlia- 
ment (fay  they)  comply  with  the  Form  of  this  Cove- 
nant, 


Chap.  II.       of  f  be  Vv  KIT  AH  s,  71 

«a«/,  we  are  perfwaded  the  whole  Body  of  the  Scots     King 
Kingdom  will  live  and  die  with  them,  and  ipeedily  ^^^'J^'^*  ^* 
come  to  their  AfTiftance.  v-i-v^ 

When  their  Commifliouers  arrived  at  London  they  debates 
prefented  the  Covenant  to  the  two  Houfes,  who  refer- «;»o«  u. 
red  it  to  the  AfTcmbly  of  Divines,  where  it  met  with 
fome  little  Oppofition  ;  Dr.  Featly  declared,  he  durft 
not  abjure  Prelacy  abjolukly^  becaufe  he  had  fworn  to 
obey  his  BifhoD  in  all  Things  lawful  and  honeft,  and 
therefore  propofed  to  qualify  the  fecond  Article  thus, 
I  will  endeavour  the  Extirpation  of  Popery^  and  all  An- 
tichrijiian.  Tyrannical^  or  Independent  Prelacy  ;  but  it 
was  carried  againft  him.     Dr.  Surges  objected  to  fe- 
veral  Articles,  and  was  not  without  fome  Difficulty 
perfwaded  to  fubfcribe,  after  he  had  been  fufpended. 
The  Prolocutor,  Mr.  Gataker,  and  many  others,  de- 
clared for  primitive  Epifcopacy,  or  for  one  jtated  Pre- 
ftdent  with  his  Prejhyters  to  govern  every  Church  \  and 
refufcd  to  fubfcribe  till  a  Parenthefis  was  inferted,  de-Ca1amy*s 
daring  what  Sort  of  Prelacy  was  to  be  abjured,  (viz,)  Abiidg. 
[Church  Govermnent   by  Archhijhops^    Bifhops,    Deans  ^■^^' 
and  Chapters,    Archdeacons ^  and  all  other  Ecclefiajlical 
Officers  depending  upon  them.']     The  Scots,    who  had 
been  introduced  into  the  Affembly  6"^/)/.  15.  were  for 
abjuring    Epifcopacy    as  fimply  unlawful,    but  the 
Englijh  Divines  were  generally  againft  it. 

Bilhop  Burnet    fays,    our  CommifTioners    prefied  HamJl.  M. 
chiefly  for  a  Civil  League,  but  the  Scots  would  have  aP*  ^^^» 
Religious  One,  to  which  the  Engjijh  were  obliged  10^^*°" 
yield,  but  took  Care,  at  the  fame  Time,  to  leave  a 
Door   open   for  a  Latitude  of   Interpretation.     Sir 
Henry  Vane  put  the  Word  League  into  the  Title,  ai 
thinking  that  might  be  broken  fooner  than  a  Cove- 
nant ;    and  in  the  firft  Article  he  inferted  that  ge- 
neral Phrafe,    of  Reforming  according    to  the 
Word  of  God  j  by  which  the  EngliJIj  thought  them- 
felves  fecure  from  the  Inroads  of  Prefbytery  ;    but 
the  Scots  relied  upon  the  next  Words,  And  accord- 
ing TO  THE  Practice  of  the  best  Reformed 

F  4  Churche:-  •, 


72  fT/^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

*^^«^  Churches  ;  in  which  they  were  confident  their 
■  j^^"/-Dircipline  muft  be  included.  When  Mr.  Colman  read 
^y^Y^  ^^^  Covenant  before  Lue  Houfe  of  Lords,  in  order  tp 
their  fubfcribing  ir,  he  declared.  That  by  Pr^/^fy  all 
Sorts  of  Epifcopacy  was  not  intended,  but  only  the 
Form  therein  Jefcribed.  Thus  the  wife  Men  on 
both  Sides  endeavoured  to  out-wit  each  other  in  word- 
ing the  Articles ;  and  with  rhefe  fligKt  Amendments 
the  Covenant  pafs'd  the  Affembly,  and  both  Houfes 
of  Parliament  ;  and  by  an  Order  d  ited  September  21. 
was  printed  and  publifhed  as  follows : 

\d  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  for  Reformation,  and 
Defence  of  Religion,  the  Honour  and  Happinefs  of  the 
King,  and  the  Peace  and  Safety  of  the  Three  Kingdoms 
«?/"  England,  Scotland,  ^»^  Ireland. 

t!atT"''   XhJ^  Noblemen,    Barons,    Knights,    Gentle- 

alT^cove-'^    VV    men.    Citizens,    Burgeffes,    Minifters  of 

Tiant.        **  t^ie  Gofpel,    and  Commons  of  all  Sorts,    in  the 

Rufhvv.     "  Kingdoms  of  England,    Scotland,  and  Ireland,    by 

Vol.  V.     "  the  Providence  of  God,  living  under  one  King, 

p.  478.      if.  and  being  of  one  Reformed  Religion,  having  be- 

"  fore  our  Eyes  the  Glory  of  God,  and  the  Advance- 

*'  ment  of  the  Kingdom  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Je- 

"  fus  Chrift,    the  Honour    and   Happinefs  of  the 

«'  King's  Majefty,  and  his  Pofterity,  and  the  true 

''  publick  Liberty,  Safety  and  Peace  of  the  King- 

*'  doms,    wherein  every  one's  private  Condition  is 

««  included  •,  and  calling  to  Mind  the  treacherous  and 

"  bloody  Plots,  Conipiracies,  Attempts,    and  Pra- 

*<  dices  of  the  Enemies  of  God,  againft  the  true  Re- 

*«  ligicn.  and  ProfefTors  thereof  in  all  Places,  efpe- 

«'  cially  in  thefe  three  Kingdoms,  ever  fince  the  Re- 

*'  formation  of  Religion  ;  and  how  much  their  Rage, 

*«  Power,  and  Prefumption,  are  of  late,  and  at  this 

««  Time    encreafed   and    exercifed,  whereof  the  de- 

"  plorable  Eftate  of  the  Church  and  Kingdom  of 

«»  Ireland^  the  diflreffed  Eftate  of  the  Church  and 

"  King- 


Chap.  II.        o/'  //&^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  73 

"  Kingdom  of -E«^/^«^,  and  the  dangerous  Eftate  of    King 

*'  the  Church  and  Kingdom  of  Scotland^  are  prefenc^''^''^"  ^* 

**  and  pubJick  Tcltimonies  i  we  have  (now  at  l^ftJL^li!^ 

*'  after  other  Means  of  Supplication,  Remonftrance,  ^^^^ 

"  Proteftations,  and  Sufi'erings,  for  the  Prefervation 

*'  of  our  Lives,  and  our  Religion,  from  utter  Ruin 

"  and  Deftrudlion,  according  to  the  commendable 

*'  Practice  of  thefe  Kingdoms  in  former  Times,  and 

*'  the  Example  of  God's  People  in  other  Nations, 

*'  after  mature  Deliberation,  refolved  and  determi- 

"  red  to  enter  into  a  mutual  and  folemn  League  and 

*'  Covenant,  wherein  we  all  fubfcribe,  and  each  one 

"  ot  us  for  himfelf,  with  our  Hands  lifted  up  to  the 

**  moil  high  God,  do  fwear, 

I. 

**  That  we  fhall  fincerely,  really,  and  conftantly, 
''  through  the  Grace  of  God,  endeavour  in  our  feve- 
•'  ral  Places  and  Callings,  the  Prefervation  of  the 
'  Reformed  Religion  in  the  Church  of  Scotland,  in 
<  Dodtrine,  Worfhip,  Difcipline  and  Government, 
'  againft  our  common  Enemies  ;  the  Reformation 

•  ot  Religion  in  the  Kingdoms  oi England  and  Ireland^ 
'  in  Doctrine,  Worfhip,  Difcipline  and  Govern- 
«  ment,  according  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  the 
'  Example  of  the  beft  Reformed  Churches  ;  and  wc 
'  ihall  endearour  to  bring  the  Church  of  God  in  the 
'  three  Kingdoms  to  the  neareft  Conjundlion,  and 
'  Uniformity  in  Religion,  Confeffing  of  Faith,  Form 

=  of  Church  Government,  Diredory  for  Worfhip, 

•  and  Catechiling,  that  we,  and  our  Pofterity  after 
'  us,    may,    as  Brethren,  Jive  in  Faich  and  Love, 

•  and  the  Lord  may  delight  to  dwell  in  the  midft 
of  us. 

II. 

«'  That  we  Ihall  in  like  Manner,  without  refpe«5t 
of  Perfons,  endeavour  the  Extirpation  of  Popery, 
Prelacy  (that  is.  Church  Government  by  Arch- 

*«  bifhops. 


74  7X^  HISTORY        VoI.IIL 

King    <«  bifiiops,  Bifliops,  their  Chancellors  and  Commif- 

Charles  I.<c  faries.  Deans,  Deans  and  Chapters,  Archdeacons, 

^^.^J^  *'  and  all  other  Ecclefiaflical  Officers  depending  on 

"  that  Hierarchy)   Superftition,    Herefy,    Schifm, 

"*«  Profancnefs,  and  whatfoever  fhail  be  found  to  be 

*'  contrary  to   found   Doflrine,   and  the  Power  of 

'  *«  Godlinefs,  left  we  partake  in  other  Mens  Sins,  and 

**  thereby  be  in  danger  to  receive  of  their  Plagues ; 

*'  and  that  the  Lord  may  be  one,  and  his  Name 

«'  one,  in  the  three  Kingdoms. 

III. 

"  We  fhall  with  the  fame  Reality,  Sincerity  and 
•'  Conftancy,  in  our  feveral  Vocations,  endeavour 
'*  with  our  Eftates  and  Lives,  mutually  to  preferve 
*'  the  Rights  and  Privileges  of  the  Parliaments,  and 
"  the  Liberties  of  the  Kingdoms,  and  to  preferve 
*'  and  defend  the  King's  Majefty's  Perfon  and  Autho- 
«*  rity,  in  the  Prefervation  and  Defence  of  the  true 
*'  Religion  and  Liberties  of  the  Kingdoms,  that  the 
«'  World  may  bear  Witnefs  with  our  Gonfciences,  of 
*«  our  Loyalty,  and  that  we  have  no  Thoughts  or 
'*  Intentions  to  diminilh  his  Majefty's  juft  Power 
«'  and  Greatnefs. 

IV. 

"  We  fhall  alfo  with  all  Faithfulnefs,  endeavour 
*'  the  Difcovery  of  all  fuch  as  have  been,  or  fhall  be 
*'  Incer.diaries,  Malignants,  or  evil  Inftruments,  by 
*'  hindring  ■  "  Reformation  of  Religion,  dividing 
*^  the  King  from,  his  People,  or  one  of  the  King- 
■**  doms  from  anocher,  or  making  any  Factions  or 
,»'  Parties  among  the  People,  contrary  to  the  League 
"  and  Covenant,  that  they  may  be  brought  to  pub- 
'*  lick  Trial,  and  receive  condign  Punifhmenr,  as 
•'  the  Degree  of  their  Offences  fliall  require  or  de- 
*'  ferve,  or  the  fupream  Judicatories  of  both  King- 
**  doms  relpedlively,  or  others  having  Power  from 
«'  them  for  that  Etfed,  fhall  judge  convenient. 

V. 


Chap.II.       ^/^^  Puritans.  75 

KiKg 
V.  Charles  L 

««  And  whereas  the  Happinefs  of  a  bleflcdTeacc  vj^l^ 
«*  between  thefe  Kingdoms,  denied  in  formeiifrimes^^'^'^' 
"  to  our  Progenitors,  is  by  the  good  Providence  of 
*'  God  granted  unto  us,  and  has  been  lately  concluded 
*»  and  lettled  by  both  Parliaments,  we  (hall,  each 
•'  one  of  us  according  to  our  Places  and  Interefts, 
*<  endeavour  that  they  may  remain  conjoined  in  a 
«*  firm  Peace  and  Union  to  all  Pofterity,  and  that 
«*  Juftice  may  be  done  on  all  ihe  wilful  Oppofers 
"  thereof,  in  manner  cxpreffed  in  the  precedent 
"  Articles. 

VI. 

"  We  Ihall  alfo,  according  to  our  Places  and 
<*  Callings,  in  this  common  Caufe  of  Religion,  li- 
«*  berty,  and  Peace  of  the  Kingdom,  affift  and  de- 
«  fend  all  thofe  that  enter  into  this  League  and  Co- 
"  venant,  in  the  maintaining  and  purfuing  thereof » 
««  and  Ihall  not  fuffer  our  felves,  direftly  or  indireft- 
**  ly,  by  whatfoever  Combination,  Perfwafion,  or 
•*  Terror,  to  be  divided  and  withdrawn  from  this 
««  bleffed  Union  and  Conjundion,  whether  to  make 
*'  Defedtion  to  the  contrary  Part,  or  give  our  felves 
"  to  a  deteftable  IndifFerency  or  Neutrality  in  this 
*«  Caufe,  which  fo  much  concerneth  the  Glory  of 
"  God,  the  Good  of  the  Kingdoms,  and  Honour  of 
"  the  King  •,  but  fhall,  all  the  Days  of  our  Lives, 
**  zealoufly,  and  conflantly  continue  therein  againfb 
**  all  Oppofition,  and  promote  the  fame  according 
•'  to  our  Power,  againft  all  Lets  and  Impediments 
"  whatfoever  ;  and  what  we  are  not  able  our  felves 
*'  to  fupprefs  or  overcome,  we  Ihall  reveal  and  make 
**  known,  that  it  may  be  timely  prevented  or  re- 
**  moved. 

**  And  becaufe  thefe  Kingdoms  are  guilty  of  many 
•*  Sins  and  Provocations  againft  Qod,  and  his  Son 

Jefus 


76  r^^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

Khg    "  Jefus  Chrift,  as  is  too  manifeft  by  our  prefent  Di- 
Charles  I.  cc  ftreffes  and  Dangers,  the  Fruits  thereof,  we  pro- 
V^oL/  "  ^^^^  ^"^  declare  before  God  and  the  World,  our 
"  urilligned  Defire  to  be  humbled  for  our  own  Sins, 
««  and  for  ihe  Sins  of  thefe  Kingdoms  ;  efpecially 
*'  that  we  have  not,  as  we  ought,  valued  the  inefli- 
*'  mable  Benefit  of  the  Gofpel ;  that  we  have  not  la- 
*'  boured  for  the  Purity  and  Power  thereof ;  and 
"  that  we  have  not  endeavoured  to  receive  Chrift  in 
*«  our  Hearts,  nor  to  walk  worthy  of  him  in  our 
*'  Lives,    which  are  the  Caufe  of  other  Sins  and 
*«  TranfgrelTions,  fo  much  abounding  amongfl  us ; 
<«  and  our  true  and  unfeigned  Purpofe,  Defire,  and 
*'  Endeavour  for  our  felves,  and  all  others  under  our 
*'  Charge,  both  in  publick  and  private,  in  all  Du- 
"  ties  we  owe  to  God  and  Man ;  to  amend  our  Lives, 
**  and  each  one  to  go  before  another  in  ti.fc  Exam- 
*'  pie  of  a  real  Reformation,  that  the  Lord  mav  turn 
*'  away  his  Wrath  and  heavy  Indignation,  and  efta- 
"  blifh  thefe  Churches  and  Kingdoms  m  Truth  and 
«'  Peace.     And  this  Covenant  we  make  in  the  Pre- 
"  fence  of  Almighty  God,  the  Sv«:.rcher  of  all  Hearts, 
*«  with  a  true  Intention  to  perform  the  lame,  as  we 
*'  fhall  anfwer  at  that  great  Day,  when  the  Secrets 
"  of  all  Hearts  fhall  be  difcloffd  ;  moft  humbly  be- 
"  feeching  the  Lord  to  ftrengthcn  us  by  his  holy 
*'  Spirit  for  this  End,  and  to  blefs  our  Dv^fires  and 
«'  Proceedings  with  fuch  Succefs,  as  n\iy  be  a  Deli- 
"  verance  and  Safety  to  \\h  Peopl.'',  iinci  Encourage- 
*«  ment  to  the  Chriflian  Churches,  gmwiing  under, 
"  or  in  danger  of  the  Y  ike  of  Ant'chrittiaw  T.yran- 
*«■  ny,  to  join  with  the.fame,  or  like  Atteifation  and 
"  Covenant,  to  the  Glory  of  God,  the  Enlargement 
*'  of  the  Kingdom  of  Jcfus  Cnrift,  and  the  Peace  and 
"Tranquility  of  Chriflian  Kingdoms  and  Commonr 
•*  wealths." 

runner  of  .   Monday,  September  25.  was  appointed  for  fubfcri- 
takingit.  \^\^^  j-hjg  Covenant,    when  both  Houfes,  with  the 

Scots 


Chap.  II.       of  the  Vu  Kir  AN  s:  77 

Scots  Commiflioners,  and  Affembly  of  Divines,  bfi-     King 
ing  met  in  the  Church  of  St.  Margarei^s  ^<?/?///f«7?^r,  Charles  I. 
the  Reverend  Mr.  fFbite  of  Borchejler  opened  ihe  So-  J^j!^ 
Jemniry  with  Prayer  ;  after  him  Mr.  Henderfon  and  ^^f^ 
Mr.  A/)'^  fpoke  in  jurtification  of  taking  the  Covenant 
from  Scripture  Precedents,  and  difplay'd  the  Advan- 
tage the  Church  had  received  from  fuch  facred  Com- 
binations.    Mr.  Henderjon  fpoke  next,  and  declared. 
That  the  States  of  Scotland  had  refolved  to  aflift  theRufliw. 
Parliament  of  England  in  carrying  on  the  Ends  and^°^'^- 
Defigns  of  this  Covenant  ;  then  Mr.  ISye  read  it  from^*  '*^^' 
the  Pulpit  with  an  audible  Voice  Article  by  Article, 
each  Pcrfon  (landing  uncovered,  with  his  right  Hand 
Jifted    up   bare  to  Heaven,  worfhipping   the  greac 
Name  of  God,  and  fwearing  to  the  Performance  of 
it.     Dr.  G(?z/^(?  concluded  the  Solemnity  with  Prayer, 
after  which  the  Houfe  of  Comn^.ons  went  up  into  the 
Chancel  and  ful^fcribed  their  Names   in  one  Roll  of 
Parchment,  and  the  AITembly  in  another,  in  both 
which   the  CovenarJ  was  fairly    tranfcribed.     Lord's 
•Day  following  it  was  tender'd  to  all  Perfons  within 
(he  Bills  of  Mortality,    being   read  in  the  feveral 
Churches  to  their  Congregations  as  above.  05i.  15.  it 
was  taken  by  the  Houle  of*  Lords,  after  a  Sermon 
preached   by  Dr.  'Temple^  from  Nehemiah  x.  29.  and 
an  Exhortation  by  Mr.  Coleman.    O^ober  2g.  it  wasHamil.  M. 
ordered  by  the  Committee  of  States  in  Scotland  to  bep.  ^^o, 
fworn  to,  and  fubfcribed  all  over  that  Kingdom,  on 
Penalty  of  the  Confifcation  of  Goods  and  Rents,  and 
fuch  other  Punifliment  as  his  Majefty  and  the  Parlia- 
ment Hiould  infiidt  on  the  Refufers.     All  the  Lords 
of  the  Council  were  fummoned  to  fign  the  Covenant 
Nov,  2.  and  thofe  who  didnot,  to  appear  again,  the 
i4rh  of  the  fame  Month,  under  the  fevereft  Penal- 
ties, when  fome  of  the  King's  Party  not  attending 
were  declared  Enemies  to  Religion,  and  to  their  King 
and  Country  ;    Nov.  17.  their  Goods  were  ordered  to 
be  feized,    and    their    Perfons   apprehended  ;    upon 
which  they  fled  into  England,   Such  was  the  unbound- 
ed 


7S  r/6^  HISTORY         VoI.IIL 

King    ed  Zeal  of  that  Nation  !  February  2.  following,  the 
Charles  !•  Covenant  was  ordered  to  be  taken  throughout  the 
lI^^^  Kingdom  of  England,    by  all  Perfons  above  the  Age 
^^'^of  eighteen  Years;    and  the  AlTembly  were  com- 
manded to  draw  up  an  Exhortation  to  difpofe  People 
to  it,  which  being  approved  by  both  Houfes,  was 
publifhed  under  the  Title  of 

jin  Exhortation  to  the  taking  of  the  Solemn  League  and 
Covenant,  for  Reformation  and  Defence  of  Religiony 
the  Honour  and  Happinefs  of  the  King,  and  the  Peace 
and  Safety  of  the  three  Kingdoms  of  England,  Scot- 
land and  Ireland,  and  for  fatisfying  fuch  Scruples  as 
way  arife  in  the  taking  of  it ;  ajfented  to  by  the  Houfe, 
and  ordered  to  he  printed. 

Die  Veneris,  Feb.  9.  1643. 
An  txhor-^*'  TF  the  Power  of  Religion,  or  folid  Reafon  ;  if 
tatton  to  tc  J^  Loyalty  to  the  King,  and  Piety  to  their  native 
the  taking  *,  Country,  or  Love  to  chemfelves,  and  natural  Af- 
UaguT"''  ^e<^io"  to  their  Pofterity  ;  if  the  Example  of  Men 
and  Cove-"  touched  with  a  deep  Senfe  of  ail  thefe  ;  or  extraor- 
nant.  "  dinary  Succefs  from  God  thereupon,  can  awaken 
Ruftiw.  "  an  embroiled  bleeding  Remnant  to  embrace  the 
Vol.  V.  ((  Sovereign  and  only  Means  of  their  Recovery, 
P*  ^75-  ^l  5he|.e  can  be  no  Doubt  but  this  Solemn  League  and 
•  '«  Covenant  will  find,  wherefoever  it  fhall  be  ten - 
^  "  der*d ,    a  People    ready  to  entertain  it  with  all 

"  Chearfulnefs  and  Duly. 

"  And  were  it  not  commended  to  the  Kingdom  by 
*«  the  concurrent  Encouragement  of  the  honourable 
<*  Houfes  of  Parliament,  the  Affembly  of  Divines, 
*«  the  renowned  City  of  London,  multitudes  of  other 
'«  Perfons  of  eminent  Rank  and  Quality  of  this  Na- 
**  tion,  and  the  whole  Body  of  Scotland,  who  have 
"  all  willingly  fworn  and  fubfcribed  it  with  re- 
**  joicing  at  the  Oath,  fo  graciouQy  feconded  from 
"  Heaven  already,  by  blafting  the  Counfels,  and 
"  breaking  the  Power  of   the  Enemy   more  than 

*'  eve»' 


Chap.  II.       of  the  VvRi  TAN  s.  79 

**  ever,  yet  it  gocth  forth  in  its  own  Strength  with    King 

"  fuch  convincing  Evidence  of  Equity,  Tiuth,  and^'^^'^^'^s  I. 

"  Righteoufnefs,  as  may  raife  in  all  (not  willfully  ,J^^J^ 

"  Ignorant,  jor  miferatly  feduced)    inflamed   Affe-^^^^' 

**  dions  to  join  with  their  Brethren  in  this  happy 

*'  Bond,  for  putting  an  End  to  the  prefent  Miferies, 

»*  and  for  faving  both  King  and  Kingdom  from  ut- 

'*  ter  Ruin,  now  fo  ftrongly  and  openly  laboured 

'*  by  the  Popifh  Fadlion,  and  fuch  as  have  been  be- 

««  witched  and  befotted  by  that  viperous  and  bloody 

•*  Generation  — - 

It  then  proceeds  to  anfwerObjedlions  againft  taking 
the  Covenant ;  as, 

Obj.  I.  That  it  ohiiges  to  the  Extirpation  of  Prelacj^ 
which  jlands  as  yt  h'j  the  known  Laws  of  the  Land. 

Anjw.  The  Life  and  Soul  of  the  Hierarchy  is  al- 
ready taken  away  ;  nothing  of  Jurifdi6tion  remaining  ; 
and  fince  *tis  but  a  human  Conftitution,  if  it  be  found 
a  Grievance,  we  may  certainly  endeavour  its  Extirpa- 
tion in  a  lawful  way. 

Obj.  2.  *  I  is  fa  id  to  he  inconfijlent  with  the  Oath  of 
Canonical  Obediefjce. 

Anjw.  If  Men  have  fworn  Obedience  to  the  Laws 
of  the  Land,  may  they  not  endeavour  by  lawful 
Means  the  Repealing  thofe  Laws,  if  they  are  found 
inconvenient  ?  or,  If  any  Minifters  have  taken  Oaths 
not  warranted  by  the  Laws  of  God  and  the  Land, 
ought  they  not  to  repent  of  them  ? 

Obj.  3.  But  the  Covenafit  crojfes  the  Oaths  of  Supre- 
macy and  Allegiance. 

Anfw.  This  is  falfe,  for  it  binds  to  the  Preferva- 
tionof  the  King's  Perfon  and  Authority,  in  the  De- 
fence of  the  Religion  and  Liberties  of  the  Kingdom. 

Obj.  4.  But  it  is  done  without  the  King's  Confent. 
Anfw.  So  was  the  Protefiation  of  May  5.  which  went 
through  the  whole  Kingdom,  his  Majefty  not  except- 
ing againfl  it,  though  he  was  then  at  Whitehall.    The 
fame  has  been  done  by  the  united  Netherlands  under 

King 


8o  neHIBTOKY         Vol.  III. 

Kifig  King  Pbiiip ;  and  more  lately  in  Scotland,  his  Maje- 
Charles  I.fty  himfelf  declaring  by  Ad  of  Parliament,  that 
\^/>l>  they  had  done  nothing  but  what  became  loyal  and 
^"^v^*'"  QbgcJient  Subjefts. 

If  is  an-       Dr.  Barwick  {ays.  That  fome  Perfons  in  the  Uni- 
fwered.     yerfity  of  Ca?nbndge,  publifhed  an  Anfwer  to  this  Ex- 
L.  of  Bar.  hortation,  which  I  have  not  feen  ;  but  if  the  Reader 
*^* '  *       will  look  forward  to  the  Year  1647.  he  will  find  the 
Reafons  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford  againft  it,  con- 
firmed in  Convocation,  the  Validity  of  which  he  will 
judge  of  for  himfelf.  *Tis  certain  moft  of  the  religious 
Part  of  the  Nation,  who  apprehended  the  Proteftant 
Religion  in  danger,  and  were  defirous  of  reducing  the 
Hierarchy  of  the  Church,  were  zealous  for  the  Cove- 
nant.    Others  took  it  only  in  Obedience  to  the  Parlia- 
Rapin,     ment,  beiiig  fenfible  of  the  diftreflcd  Circumftances  of 
Vol.  XII.  their  Affairs,    and   that  the   Afliftance  of  the  Scots 
P-I3?'     Yvas  to  be  obtained  on  nolbther  Terms.     But  as  it 
was  a  Teft  of  a  mixed  Nature,  and  contained  fome 
Obligations  upon  Confcience,  which  wife  and  honeft 
Men  might  fcruple,  who  were  otherwife  well  afred- 
ed  to  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  the  Liberties  of 
their  Country  *,    the  impofing  it  as  a  Teft  was  not  to 
be  juftified,  though  it  appears  moft  of  the  Epifcopal 
Divines  who  made  the  greateft  Figure  in  the  Church 
after  the  Reftoration  did  not  refufe  it. 

Together  with  the  Exhortation  of  the  AJfembly,  the 
following  Orders  and  Inftru6iions  were  difperfed  over 
the  Kingdom. 
infiruBi-      Ordered,  "  That  Copies  of  the  Covenant  be  fent  to 
ons  for  ta-ii  all  Commanders  in  chief,  and  Governors  of  Towns, 
ktTig  the    ii  Pqj-cs,  Garrifons,  and  Soldiers,  that  it  may  be  ta- 
in^the      "  ^^^  ^Y  "^^  Soldiers  under  their  Command. 
Country.         "  That  Copies  be  fent  to  the  Committees  of  Par- 
Husb.Col. "  liament,  in  the  feveral  Counties  that  are  und^r  the 
p,  410.     "  Power  of  the  Parliament,  and  thac  the  Committees 
*'  within  fix  Days  difpcrfe  the  faid  Copies,  and  caufe 
"  them  to  be  d-^livered  to  the  Minifters,   Cliurch- 
"  Wardens,  or  Conftables  of  the  feveral  Parilhes. 

«'  That 


Chap.  IL       of  fbe  PuRiTAi;  5.  Si 

..  *'  That  the  feveral  Minifters  be  required  to  read  kin^  . 
*'  the  Covenant  to  the  People  the  next  Lord's  Day  ^^^'"''^^^  ^- 
«*  after  they  have  prepared  the  People  to  take  it.         vJ-\/-s^ 

"  That  the  Committees  of  Parliament  take  it 
"  themfelves  within  feven  Days  after  they  have  re- 
*'  ceived  the  Copies ;  and  then  difperfe  the'.nielvcs 
*'  throughout  their  Counties,  To  as  three  or  four  of 
*«  them  may  be  together  at  the  feveral  Places  ap- 
"  pointed  for  the  People  to  take  it.  That  they  fum- 
"  mon  all  the  Minifters,  Church-Wardens,  Confta- 
*'  bles,  and  other  Officers,  to  that  Place,  and  af- 
"  rer  a  Sermon  preached  by  a  Minifter  whom  they 
'*  fhall  appoint,  they  fhall  caiife  the  faid  Minifter  to 
««  tender  the  Covenant  to  all  fuch  Minifters,  and 
*'  other  Officers,  to  be  taken  and  fubfcribed  in  the 
"  Prefence  of  the  Committee. 

"  The  fiid  Minifters  nrS  then  to  be  required  to 
**  tender  t!ie  Covenant  to  ail  the  reft  of  their  Pnri- 
"  fhioners  next  Lord's  Day.  And  if  any  Minifter 
**  refufe,  or  negle(5l  to  appear  at  the  faid  Surtimons,' 
*'  or  refufe  to  take  the  faid  Covenant,  the  Com- 
*'  mittee  fliall  appoint  another  Miniftcf  to  do  it  in 
*'  his^place. 

*'  If  any  Minifter  refufe  to  take,  or  tender  the  Co- 
*'  venant  j  or  if  any  other  Perfon  refiifes  to  take  h 
''^  after  a  fecond  Tender,  upon  two  Lord's  Days, 
*'  their  Names  ftiall  be  returned  to  the  Committee, 
*'  and  by  them  to  the  ^oufe  of  Commons  •,  and  all 
*'  Perfons  that  abfent  rhem.felves  after  Notice  given, 
*'  ffiaii  be  returned  as  Refufers. 

The  r.n^li^j  in  for c\<^n  Parrs  were  not , exempted  Whjclcck, 
from  this  Tcil  ;  Dn-edions  were  fenc  to'  Mr.  S!nck''^''^9- . 
ijind^   the  Parliament's  Agent  at  the  Hd^ue^  to  rtipder^*'^-  ^^•"o 
Jc  to  all  iht  E77gli(h  m  thole  Countries,  ;ind  to  certify^' ^^"'' 
the  Names  of  fuch  as  rs;fufcd.    ,Here  the  Elcfflor  Pd' 
Iqt'me  took  it,  and  after  fome  Time  ca,me.  into  ^^'Z- 
tand,  and  condcfccnded  to  fit  in  the  Afferr.bly  of  Di- 
vines.    December  20.   1643.  it  was  ordered    by   iheHii>b.  Cc3, 
Lords  and  Co.mmons,    That  no   Perfgn  fliould   beP-.'-'f- 
tdx.Ifi;  G  capa- 


S2  7^^  HISTORY         Vol. Hi, 

^^»g  capable  of  being  elefted  a  Common  Council  Man  of 
Charles  I- the  City  of  Lo«^(?;z,  or  fo  much  as  have  a  Voice  in 
v,J-^t^  fuch  Eledlions,  who  has  not  taken  the  Covenant. 
On  the  29th  of  Jan.  164.4..  it  was  ordered  by  the 
Commons,  That  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant 
be  upon  every  Day  of  Fading,  and  publick  Humili- 
ation, publickly  read  in  every  Church  and  Congre- 
gation within  the  Kingdorti  5  and  every  Congre- 
gation is  enjoined  to  have  One  fairly  printed  in  a 
large  Letter,  in  a  Table  fitted  to  be  hung  up  in  a 
publick  Place  of  the  Church  or  Congregation,  to  be 
read  by  the  People.  All  young  Minifters  were  re- 
quired to  take  the  Covenant  at  their  Ordination  ; 
none  of  the  Laity  were  continued  in  any  Office  of 
Trull ,  neither  Civil  or  Military ,  who  refufed  it, 
"When  the  War  was  ended,  all  the  Noblemen,  Knights, 
Gentlemen,  and  Officers  who  had  oppofed  the  Par- 
liament, were  obliged  to  fubmit  to  it,  before  they 
were  admitted  to  Compofition.  But  notwithftanding 
Abijdg.  all  this  Severity,  Dr.  Calamy  fays,  Mr.  Baxter  kept  his 
p.  104.  People  from  taking  the  Covenant,  as  fearing  it  might 
be  a  Snare  to  their  Confciences.  Nay,  he  prevented  its 
being  much  taken  in  the  County  he  lived  in,  by  keeping 
the  Minifters  from  offering  it  to  their  People,  except 
the  City  o^  JVorcefier^  where  he  had  no  great  Intereft. 
Kwgfor-  The  King  could  not  be  unacquainted  with  thefe 
bidf  u.  Proceedings,  for  the  Covenant  lay  before  the  Parlia^ 
ment  and  Aflembly  almoft  a  Month,  during  which 
Time  his  Majefty  took  no  publick  Notice  of  it  5 
but  a  Fortnight  after  it  had  been  fubfcribed  by  both 
Houfes,  and  by  all  the  Clergy  and  Laity  within  the 
Bills  of  Mortality,  he  iffued  out  the  following  Pro- 
clamation, dated  from  Oxford,  Oulob.  9.  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Year  of  his  Reign. 

B'j  the  King. 
Rufh.       ««   TT^THEREAS  there  is^a  printed  Paper,  en- 
voi. V.     cc     y  Y    titled  A  Solemn  League  and  Covenant^  for 
P-  4  i'    ((  Reformation  and  Defence  of  Religion,  &c.  pretended 


Chap.  II.        cf  fbe  Fu  RiT  AN9.  83 

"  to  be  printed  by  Order  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,    King 

•*  Se'pl.    21.    which   Covenant,    though   it   feems  to^^*""'"  ^* 

**  make  fpecious  ExprelTions  of  Piety  and  Religion,  v^t^ 

"  is  in  truth  nothing  elfe  but  a  traiterous  and  ledi- 

*'  tious  Combination  againft  us  and  ihe  eftablifhed 

*'  Religion  and  Laws  of  this  Kingdom,  in  purfuance 

*'  of  a  traiterous  Defign  and  Endeavour  to  bring  in 

•'  foreign   Force  to  invade  this  Kingdom  :    We  do 

**  therefore   (Iraitly   charge   and   command    all   our 

**  loving  Subjecls,    of   what  Degree  or  Quality  fo- 

"  ever,    upon  their  Allegiance,  that  they  prefume 

*'  not  to  take  the  faid  fcditious  and  traiterous  Cove- 

*'  nant.     And  we  do  likewife  hereby  further  inhibic 

"  and  forbid  all  our  Subjedls  to  impofe,  adminifter, 

"  or  tender  the  faid  Covenant,  as  they,    and  every 

*'  one  of  them,  will  anfwer  the  contrary  at  their  ut- 

'^^  mod  and  extreameft  Perils." 

His  Majefly  fent  the  like  Declaration  m\.6  Scotland^ 
but  the  States  of  that  Kingdom  paid  no  further  Re- 
gard to  it,  than  to  fend  him  the  Reafons  of  their  Con- 
dud,  with  their  Advice  to  his  iVJajefty  to  take  the 
Covenant  himfelf. 

Great  Complaints  have  been  made,  ind  not  ^\t\i- The  infln- 
out  fome  Reafon,  of  the  Execution  this  Tefl  did  UDon«='^^  '^  ^'^^ 
the  King's  Clergv  throuo;hout  the  King-dom.     It  was"'! 
a  new  Weapon  put  into  the  Hands  of  the  Committees,      ^■^' 
which  enabled  them  with  more  eafe  and  certainty  to^ 
difcover  malignant  or  ciijaQeLted  Min'iflers  \    for  inflead 
of  producing  a  Number  of  Witneffes,  as  had  been 
the  Method  hitherto,  they  now   tender'd   tiie  Cove- 
nant^ which  the  others  refufing  gave  Occafion  to  the 
general  Report,  that  the  Clergy  were  turned  out  of 
their  Livings  onl^  for  refufing  the  Covenant^  whereas 
their  Sequcltration  was  grounded  upon  other  Caufes, 
or  at  lealt  the  Articles  of  Immorality  or  Difafled  00  id 
the  Parliament, were  almofl:  alwaysjoined  with  it.  When 
the  Co^w/i7/// pafTed  through  the  Parliament  Quarters, 
iti  fome  Towns  it  was  neg!e6ted,  in  others  the  Incum- 

Q  2  be^nt 


§4 


rhe  HISTORY  Vol.III. 


King  bent  avoided  ir,  by  withdrawing  for  a  few  Weeks, 
:harles  Land  getting  another  to  officiate.  Some  that  refufed 
^i^^  were  difplaced,  and  the  Names  of  thofe  who  abfented 
were  returned  to  the  Parliament^  but  little  or  nothing 
came  of  it.  The  V/ titer  of  the  Life  of  Bifiiop  Saun- 
derfon  fays,  that  in  the  affociated  Counties  of  Cairi- 
h'idge/hire,  &c.  all  were  ejeded  who  refufed  the  Cove- 
nant^ that  is,  all  to  whom  it  was  tender*d  ;  for  though 
it  was  preffed  pretty  clofely  in  feme  Places  notorious 
for  Difafiedion,  in  others,  that  had  been  quiet,  it 
was  but  little  regarded.  The  Earl  of  Manchefier  had 
particular  Indrudions  to  tender  the  Covenant  to  the 
Cambridge  Scholars,  and  yet  the  CommilTioners  im- 
pofed  it  only  upon  fuch  who  had  adher'd  to  the  King, 
or  of  whofe  Difaffedion  they  had  fufficient  Proof ;  fe- 
veral  who  behaved  peaceably  being  permitted  to  keep 
their  Places,  who  would  certainly  have  refufed  it.  It 
has  been  obferved,  that  Mr.  Baxter  prevented  its  being 
much  taken  in  Worctjter[hire\  and  no  doubt,  there  were 
Men  of  Moderation  and  Influence  who  did  the  fame 
in  other  Counties.  Thofe  Clergymen  who  had  de- 
clared for  the  King  were  ufually  pur  to  the  Trial  ;  but 
reputed  Calvinijls,  of  fober  Lives,  who  had  flood 
Neuter,  were  frequently  overlooked  ;  fo  that  the  be- 
neficed Clergy  fuffered  by  the  Covenant^  rather  as 
Parties  in  the  War^  than  as  Friends  of  the  Hierarchy. 
However,  it  being  a  Religious  Teji,  the  impofing  it 
was,  in  my  Opinion,  unwarrantable,  and  a  very 
great  Hardfhip,  efpecially  as  it  was  for  fome  Time 
a  Door  of  Entrance  into  Ecclefiaflical  Preferments 
for  fuch  young  Divines  as  had  no  Concern  in  the 
War.  A  Teft  of  a  civil  Nature  might  li:^ve  anfwer- 
ed  all  the  Ends  of  civil  Government,  without  bur- 
dening the  Confciences  of  Men  with  what  had  no  Rela- 
tion to  Liberty  and  Property  -,  but  if  the  Puritan 
Powers  bore  hard  upon  the  Loyalifts  in  impoftng  the 
Covenant^  the  King's  Clergy  were  even  with  them  at 
the  Reftoration,  when  they  obliged  them  publickly 
eo  abjure  it,  or  quit  their  Livings  in  the  Church. 

The 


Chap.  II.        of  tbe  V  u  RiT  AN  s.  85 

The  NecefTicy  of  the  King's  Affairs  havipfr  obli-     ^'"g 
ged   him  co  arm   the   Papitls,    and  commiffion  the^'^"'"'"  ^' 
Duke  o\  Ormond  to  agree  to  a  Ccffation  of  Arms  with  ,,^^osi/ 
the  Irijb  Calbolicks,  in  order  to  draw  off  his  Forces i^/wg- 
from  thence,    his  Majefty  fell  under  the  Sufpicion  o^irings 
favouring  that  Religion,  efpecially  when  it  appeared"'"''*' ^'"''^''' 
that  not  only  the  Proteftant  Soldiers,  but  the  ^f'W^^"'^  ^^^' 
Rebels  were  tranfported  with  them.  Mt .  JVhitlock^iys^ ^,  77,76. 
feveral  of  their  Officers  and  Soldiers  came  over  withRapin,p. 
the  King's  Arm>y  -,  that  a  Month  or  two  after,  eight  '4^  M4' 
Hundred  native  Irifh  Rebels  landed  ziJ^eymouth  un-'^'2''cnd« 
der  the  Lord  Incheqiiin,  and  another  Party  at  5<?^//-p°'^ 
maris,  which  committed  great  Spoils,  deltroying  withp  ^,  * 
Fire  what  they  could  not  carry  off.     Another  Party 
landed  near  Cbejler  under  the  Earl  of  Cork,  and  fif- 
teen Hundred  were  caft  away  at  Sea:  Thefe  Wretches 
brought  hither  the  fame  favage  Difpofuion  as  they 
had  difcovered  in  their  own  Country  j    they  plun. 
dered  and    killed    People  in  cold  Blood,  obferving 
neither  the  Rules  of  Honour  nor  the  Laws  of  Arms. 
The  Scots  Forces  in  the  North  of  Ireland  enter'd  into  a 
Confederacy  to  (land  by  each  other  againft  the  Ceila- 
tion,  the  Parliament  of  England  proteRed  againft  it, 
and  publifhed  a  Declaration  informing  the  World, 
that   his  Majefty  had  broke  through   his  royal  Pro- 
mile,  of  leaving  the  IriJIj  War  to  them;  they  forbid 
all   Mafters  of  Ships  to   bring  over  any  Officers  or 
Soldiers,  on  Penalty  of  the  Forfeiture  of  their  VefTels, 
and  gave  Letters  of  Mart  to  Merchants  and  others, 
who  would  fit  out  Ships  at  their  own  Expence,  im- 
powering  them  to  take  to  their  own  Profit  all  fuch 
Ships  and  Goods  as  they   fhould  meet  coming  over 
with  Soldiers  or  warlike  Stores  for  the  King.     Nexc 
Year  an  Ordinance  was  publillicd,  that  no  Qiiarter 
fhould  be  given  to  any  Irijh  Papift  taken  in  Arms 
againft  the  Parliament ;    all  Officers  were  to  except 
them  out  of  their  Capitulations,    and  upon    making 
them  Prifoners  were    immediately   to  put  them  to 
Death. 

G  3  This 


8^  r^^  HISTORY  VoI.III. 

Kir.g        This  unhappy  Management  of  the  King  alienated 
-hailes  r.  j-i^ig  Affeftions  of  great  Numbers  of  his  Friends  who 
^^-^-^li^-  had   the  Proteftant  Religion  at  heart  ;    many  whb 
vvifhed  well  to  his  Perfon  deferted  him  upon  this  Oc- 
cafion^  and  made  their  Peace  with   the  Parliament, 
as  the  Earls  of  Holland^  Bedford,  Clare,  CarliJIe,  Sir 
Edward  Deering,  and  others  ;    this  laft   Gentleman 
publiflied  the  Reafons  of  his  Conduft  to  the  World, 
the  chief  of  which  were,  the  Irijh  CelTation  •,  his  Ma- 
jeily's  preferring  Popifli  Officers  to  chief  Places  of 
Truft  and  Honour  ;  and  the  Language  of  the  Oxford 
Clergy  and  others.  That  the  King  Jhould  come  no  other 
Way  to  his  Palace  but  hy  Conq^ueft.     There  was  certain- 
ly a  very  malignant  Spirit  among  thofe  Gentlemen  at 
this  Time,  as  appears  by  their  Form  of  Thankfgi- 
ving,  or  rather  Imprecation,  for  the  taking  of  Bri- 
Jiol,  and  the  Succefs  of  the  Earl  of  Newcaflk^s  Army 
\n   the  North  ;    "  O   Lord  (fay  they)  though  our 
•'  Sins  cry  aloud,  hear  them  not,  but  look  to  the 
"  Righteoufnefs  of  our  Caufe  ;  fee  the  fearalefs  Coat 
"'  of  thy  Son  torn  -,    the  Throne  of  thine  Anointed 
*'  trampled  upon  ;  thy  Church  invaded  by  Sacrilege, 
^^  and  thy  People  miferably  deceived  by  Lyes  •,  fed 
**  it,  O  God,  as  fee  it  thoudofl,  and  vindicate  what 
*'  thou  feefl  on  the  Heads  of  thofe  who  lead  thefe 
*'  Wretches.'*     Many  of  the  Earl  of  Newcaflie*s  Sol- 
diers in  the  North,  upon  News  of  the  Iri/Jj  Ceffation 
threw  down  their  Arms,  and  offered  a  Compofition  ; 
and  if  we  may  believe  the  Parliamentary  Chronicle, 
this   fingle  Atftion    loft   the  King  all  the  Northern 
Counties.     To  put  a  Stop  lotthe  Clamours  of  the 
People,    and    prevent    any   farther   Defertions,    his 
Majefty  refolved  to  fupport  his  own  Charadfer  as  a 
Protefantj    antj  accordingly  made  the  following  Pro- 
teftation  in  Prefence  of  the  Congregation  at  Chrijl 
Church,  Oxford,    immediately    before   his  Receiving 
the  Sacrament  from  the  Hands  of  Archbifnop  Ufier. 


My 


Chap. II.       of  tbe  FuVLiTAnz,  87 

Khg 

«'  T  Efpy    here   many   refoJved  Proteftants,    who  ^J-vi^ 

"  X  "^^y  <^eclare  to  the  World  the  Declaration  iK'Pgs 

"  do  now  make.     I    have,    to  the  utmoft  of  my  i'roiejia- 

*'  Power,  prepared  my  Soul  to  be  a  worthy  Recei- '•''"• 

**  ver,  and  may  I  fo  receive  Comfort  from  the  blcf- ^"^^JJ"* 

**  fed  Sacrament,  asl  do  intend  the  Eftablifhment  of^.j'^  * 

«'  the  true  reformed  Proteftant  Religion,  as  it  flood  ^^'^^^ 

"  in  its  Beauty  in  the  happy  Days  of  Queen  Eliza- ^^  j^^*^ 

^'  beth,    without  any  Cofimvance  at  Popery.     I    blefs^c. 

'*  God,  that  in  the  midfl  of  thefe  publick  Diftra.- 

*'  6tions  I  have  ftill  liberty  to  communicate.     And 

*'  may   this  Sacrament   be  m.y   Damnation,    if  my 

"  Hear:  do  npt  join  with  my  Lips  in  this  Protefta- 
"  tion." 

But  how  inconfiflent  was  this  with  his  Majefly's 
A<flions,   when  within  a  few  Days  he  agreed  to  a  Cef- 
fation  with  the  Iri/A  Papifts  for  a  Year,  and  a  Tolera- 
tion of  their  Religion  ?  All  Men  knew,  that  his  Ma- 
jefly  not  only  connived  at  Popery,  but  indulged  it  as 
far  as  was  in  his  Power  ;  Hillorians  therefore  are  ac 
a  Lofs  to  reconcile  this  folemn  Appeal  to  Heaven 
with  the  King's  Piety  and  fmcere  Devotion.     The 
Parliament  was  fo  apprehenfive  of  the  Confequcnces 
of  bringing  over  the  Irijh  Papifls,  that  by  an  Order 
of  Nov.  22.   they  defired  the  AfTembly  of  Divines   to 
write  Letters   to  the  foreign  Churches  of  Holland, 
Frame,    S-j-itzerland,    and  other  Places,    to    inform 
them  of  the  Artifices  of  his  Majefcy's  Agents  ;  of  the 
conflant  Employment  of /n7Z>  Rebels,  and  other  Pa- 
pifts, to  be  Governors,  Commanders,  and  Soldiers  in 
his  Armies  •,  of  the  many  Evidences  of  their  Intentions 
to  introduce  Popery  ;  to  hinder  the  intended  Refor- 
mation, and  to  condcQiin  other  Proteftant  Churches 
as  unfound  becaufe  not  Prelatica!  •,  and  that  the  Scots 
Commiflloners  be  defired  to  join  with  them.     In  pur- 

G  4  fuance 


cc 


«S  fy^^  HISTORY         Ycim. 

Kh-g    fuance  of  this  Order  the  Ailembly  wrote  the  follow- 

^'ietv' "'S  Letter,  dated  A^oi;.  30.  1643. 

Tq  the  BQ]okky  French,  Helvetian,  and  other  reform' 
ed  Churches . 

Right  Rev.  and  dearly  beloved  in  our  Lord  Jefus  Chriji^ 

i^mru'  "  1 A7^  ^^^  Affembly  of  Divines,  and  others,  con- 
fore.gn"  "  V  V  vened  by  the  Authority  of  both  Houfes  of 
Churches.  "  Parliament,  with  the CommifTioners  from  the  Gene- 
Rdfhw.  "  ral  Afiernbly  of  the  Church  of  5<:o//^;7^,  do  heartily 
ill.  "  falute  you  in  the  Lord.  We  doubt  not,  but  the 
fad  Reports  of  the  Miferies  under  which  the  Church 
and  Kingdom  of  England  do  bleed,  and  wherewith 
we  are  ready  to  be  fwa) lowed  up,  is  long  fince 
come  to  your  Ears  ;  and  'tis  probable,  the  fame 
Inftruments  of  Satan  and  Anti-Chrift  have  by 
their  EmifTaries,  endeavoured  to  reprefent  us  as 
black  as  may  be  among  your  felves.  —  And  we 
fometimes  doubt,  whether  we  have  not  been  want- 
ing to  opr  pwn  Innocence,  and  your  Satisfa<5liori, 
in  being' thus  loii^  filent  i  but  pardon  us,  dear 
"  Brethren^  if  this  Cup  of  Trembling  wherewith  our 
"  Spirits  have  been  filled  to  Amazement,  and  our 
"  wreftling  with  extream  Difficulties  ever  fince  our 
''  Meeting,  has  hinder'd  from  that  which  was  our 
"  Duty  -,  and  give  us  leave  now  a  little  to  eafe 
"  our  Grief,  whjle  we  relate  the  Defolation  made  by 
"  the  AntichriRian  Faftion,  who  ar?  for  hindring 
*'  the  Work  of  Reformation,  and  for  introducing  and 
"  chenfhing  Popery  j  and  are' now  arrived  to  that 
*'  Strength,  that  if  the  Lord  do  not  fpeedily  help  us, 
"  we  fhall  be  altogether  la^l  wafte  by  them. 

"  How  great  a  Hand  they  [  the  Prelates  ]  have 
"  had,  in  the  iVIiferics  of  other  reformed  Churches, 
"  in  the  Pcftruclion  of  the  Palatinate^  in  the  Lofs  of 
«*  RocheU  are  fo  fully  knov^fn  and  felt  by  you  all, 
^^  that  we  need  not  fpeuk  any  Thing  of  them.     And 

*' we 


Chap. II.       of  tl)e  "PuRiT A^sl  89 

*.^  we  Ajppofe  their  inveterate  Hatred  againfl:  you  all     King 

"  is  fufficientJy  manifeft,  in  that  Multitudes  of  them  Chirles  I. 

*'  have    refufcd    to    acknowledge  any  of  you    ^or    l^!^Jr^ 

"  Churches  of  Chrift:  becaufe  you  arc  not  Prelatical, '"'^^*''^ 

*'  and  thereby  (as  they  conceive)  want  a  Jawful  Vo- 

"  cation  of  Minifters.    Sure  we  are,  that  among  our 

"  fclves,  fcarce  one  Thing  can  be  thought  of  which 

'*  may  be  fuppofed  an  Argument  of  their  Defign  to 

"  advance  Popery,    that   has  not  been  attempted. 

"  The  Laws  againft  Popery  have  been  fufpended ; 

*.'  J^^^g^^  forbid  to  proceed  againft  condemn*d  Priefts ; 

*'  Jefuits  fet  free-,  Houfes  of  Superftition  in  Ireland 

*'  and  England  have  been  fet  up  and  notdifcountenan- 

"  ced  ;  notorious  Papifts  harbour'd  about  the  Court 

"  and  preferr'd  »  jmany  releafed  from  legal  Penalties 

*'  and   their   Profecutors  difcountenanced ;    Agents 

"  have  been  fent  into  Italy^    and  Nuncios  from  Rome 

"  received,  while  the  moft  zealous  Proteftanrs  have 

"  been  perfecuied  •,  many  Prelates  and  Clergymen 

"  have  publickly  preached,  and  endeavoured  to  lea- 

"  ven  the  People  with  all  Points  of  Popery,  except 

"  the  Supremacy^  and  introduced  abundance  of  cor- 

*^  rupt  Innovations  into  the  Worfhip  of  God  ;    for 

"   Non-compliance  with  which  many  have  been  for- 

'i  ced  to  fly"  for  Refuge  to  the  remote  Parts  of  i\\Q 

"  World.' 

"  They  impofed  upon  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland  a 
"  new  Popilh  Service  Book  and  Canons,  to  which, 
"  when  that  Nation  would  notfubmir,  they  prevail- 
-  ed  with  his  Majefty  to  proclaim  them  Rebels,  and 
"  raife  an  Army  againft  them,  to  which  all  the  Pa- 
"  pifts,  and  thofe  who  were  Popifhly  affeded,  con- 
"  tributed  -,  and  had  not  the  Lord,  by  his  BIcfTing 
"  on  the  Scots  Arms,  and  by  the  Calling  of  this  Par- 
"  liament  prevented  it,  the  two  Nations  had  been 
"  imbruing  their  Hands  in  each  others  Blood. 

"  But  though  we  hoped  through  the  Goodnefs  of 
"  God,  and  his  BlefTing  upon  this  Parliament,  whofe 
^'  Hearts  were  inclined  to  a  more  perfect  Reforma- 

**.  tion. 


V,j<\rw 


90  7';&^  HISTORY         VoI.IIL 

King  "  tion,  that  our  Winter  had  been  pafl,  yet,  alas ! 
Charles  I.t«  ^g  fijjd  it  to  be  quite  otherwife.  We  know  our 
Jiii-/  "  ^^"^  ^^^^  deferved  all,  and  if  we  die  and  perilh  the 
Lord  is  righteous  j  to  his  f^and  we  fubmit,  and  to 
him  alone  we  look  for  Healing.  The  fame  Anti- 
chriftian  Fadion  not  being  difcouraged,  by  their 
want  of  Succefs  in  Scotland,  have  ftirred  up  a  bloody 
Rebellion  in  Ireland,  wherein  above  one  hundred 
Thoufand  Proteftants  have  been  deftroyed  in  one 
Province,  within  a  few  Months.  They  have  alie- 
nated the  Heart  of  his  Majefly  from  his  Parlia- 
ment, and  prevailed  with  him  to  withdraw  and 
raife  an  Army,  which  at  firfl  pretended  only  to  be 

made  up  of  Proteftants ■  but  foon  after  Papifts 

were  armed  by  CommifTion  from  the  King  -,  many 
great  Papifts  were  put  into  Places  of  publick  Com- 
mand, and  the  Body  of  all  the  Papifts  have  join*d  his 
Majefly  with  all  their  Might  j  they  profefs  and  exer- 
cife  their  Religion  publickly  in  feveral  Parts  of  the 
Kingdom,  and  go  up  and  down  plundering,  mur- 
dering, and  fpoiling  of  their  Goods,  all  fuch  as  ad- 
here to  the  Parliament,"  and  to  theCaufeof  Reli- 
gion. Nor  has  the  Parliament  been  able,  by  their 
Petitions  and  Remonftrances,  to  recover  his  Ma- 
jefty  out  of  their  Hands,  or  bring  thefe  Men  to 
deferved  Punifhment,  but  the  Sword  rages  almoft 
in  every  Corner  of  this  woful  Land. 
"  And  to  compleat  our  Miferies,  they  have  pre- 
vailed with  his  Majefty  fo  far  to  own  the  Rebels 
in  Ireland^  -as  not  only  to  call  them  his  Roman  Ca- 
tholick  Subjeds  now  in  Arms,  but  to  grant  them 
a  CefTation  of  Arms  for  a  Year,  and  to  hold  what 
they  have  gotten,  with  Liberty  to  ftrengthen 
themfelves  with  Men,  Money,  Arms,  Ammuni- 
tion, &c.  whereby  they  are  enabled  not  only  to 
deftroy  the  Remnant  of  Proteftants  in  Ireland,  buc 
to  come  over  hither,  (as  many  of  them  are  alrea- 
dy; to  act  the  fame  Butchery  upon  us. 

"  la 


Chap. II.       c/" /^^  Puritans.'  91 

"  In  the  Midft  of  thefe  troublefome  Times  the  two     King 
"  Houfes  of  Parliament  have  called  this  Aflcmbly,^h"lcs  r. 
"  to  give  them  our  beft  Counfel  for  the  Reformation  ^l^Jl, 
"  of  the  Church,  requiring  us  to  make  God's  Word  ^^^'^"'^' 
"  only  our  Rule,   and  to  endeavour  the  nearefl  Con- 
*'  formiry  to  the  bell  reformed  Churches,  and  Uni- 
"  formity  10  all  the  Churches  of  the  three  King- 
^'  doms  ■ 

"  The  Church  and  Kingdom  o^  Scotland  have  made 
"  Offer  of  their  humble  Mediation  to  the  King  for  a 
"  Pacif.calion^  v^^hich  being  rejected,  both  Nations 
*'  have  enter'd  into  a  mutual  League  and  Covenant  j 
and  the  Scots  have  refolved  to  join  in  Arms  with 
their  Brethren  in  Ejigland^  for  their  mutual  Prefer- 
vation  from  the  common  Enemy,  and  fo  far  as 
in  them  lieth  for  the  Safety  of  their  native  King. 
"  They  have  alio  fcnt  their  CommifTioners  hither, 
"  for  Uniformity  of  Religion  in  the  Churches  of  both 
"  Kingdoms. 

"  And  we  their  CommifHoners  do  exceedingly 
"  rejoice,  to  behold  the  Foundation  of  the  Houfe 
"  of  God,  not  only  in  Dodrine,  but  in  (ihurch 
*'  Government,  laid  before  our  Eyes  in  a  Reverend 
"  AiTembly  of  fo  wife,  learned,  and  godly  Di- 
"  vines.  And  we  find  our  felves  bound  in  all 
"  Chrillian  Duty,  as  well  as  by  our  late  Cove- 
"  nant,  to  join  in  reprefenting  to  the  reformed 
*'  Churches  abroad,  the  true  Condition  of  Af- 
"  fairs  here,  againft  all  Miftakes  and  Mifinfor- 
"  mations. 

"  And  now,  dear  Brethren,  we  beg  of  you, 
"  Flrjl^  To  judge  aright  of  our  Innocence  and  In- 
"  tegrity  in  this  oar  juft  Defence;  if  our  Enemies 
"  fay,  that  we  are  rifen  up  in  Rebellion  to  de- 
"  prive  the  King  of  his  juft  Power  and  Great- 
*'  nefs,  and  to  bring  Anarchy  and  Confufion  into 
^  the  Church  of  Chrift,  we  doubt  not  but  our 
"-'-  fokmn  Covenant  (a    Copy   of  v/hich    we  humbly 

"  pre- 


^Z  ?)&-?  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

Kivg  "  prefent  you  herewith)  will  fufficiently  dear  us. 
Charles  I. «  Lgt:  thc  righteous  Lord  judge  between  us, 
lifj^^'  whom  we  implore  to  help  us  no  further  than 
'^'^^^  "  we  can  plead  thefe  Thipgs  in  fincerity. 

Secondly,  "  That  you  would  fympathize  with  us 
*'  as  Brethren,  who  fufFer  in  and  for  the  fame 
"  Caufe  wherein  your  felves  have  been  op- 
**  preffed. 

thirdly,  "  That  you  would  conceive  of  our  Con- 
"  dition  as  your  own  common  Caufe,  which,  if 
"  it  be  loft  with  us,  your  felves  are  not  like  long 
*'  to  efcape,  the  Quarrel  being  not  fo  much  againft 
*'  Mens  Perfons ,  as  againft  the  Power  of  Godli- 
"  nefs,  and  the  Purity  of  God*s  Word.  The  Way 
^*  and  Manner  of  your  owning  us  we  leave  to 
"  your  felves,  only  we  importunately  crave  your 
*'  fervent  Prayers,  both  publick  and  private.  That 
"  God  would  bring  Salvation  to  us  ;  that  the  Blef- 
*^  fings  of  Truth  and  Peace  may  reft  upon  us , 
"  that  thefe  three  Nations  may  be  joined  as  one 
"  Stick  in  the  Hands  of  the  Lord  ;  and  that  we 
«  pur  felves,  contemptible  Builders,  called  to  re- 
"  pajf  the  Houfe  of  God,  in  a  troublefome  Time, 
"  may  fee  the  Pattern  of  this  Houfe,  and  com- 
"  mend  fuch  a  Platform  to  pur  Zembbahels  as  may 
*'  be  mofl  agreeable  to  his  [acred  Word,  nearefi  in 
"  Conformity  to  the  heft  reformed  Churches,  and  to 
"  eftabUJh  Uniformity  among  our  Jelves  ;  that  aU 
"  Mountains  may  become  Plains  before  them, 
«'  and  us ;  that  then  all  who  now  fee  the  Plummet 
"  in  our  Hands,  may  alfo  behold  the  top  Stone 
*'  fet  upon  the  Head  of  the  Lord's  Houfe  among 
«  us,  and  may  help  us  with  fhouting  to  cry,  Grace^ 
«  Grace,  to  \t. 

"  Thus  much  we  have  been  commanded  to  in- 
"  form  you  of,   Reverend  Brethren  (and  by  you  all 
*■'-  faithful  Chriftians  under  your  Charge)  by  the  ho-^ 
"  pourable  Houfe  of  Commons,   in  whofe  Name,^B 

«  and 


Chap.  II.       of  the  Puritans.  ^^ 

"  and  in  our  own,  we  bid  yoU  heartily  farewel  In     King 

"  the  Lord."  CharJe»  r. 

1645. 

7'Qnr  mojl  affe^ionakly  devoted  Brethren  in  Chrijl,      ^-O/^^ 

William  Twifle,    Prolocutor, 


Henry  R°borough,5  g    ^ 
Adoniram  By  field,  \  ' 

I 
S 


John  Maitland, 

A.  Johnfton, 

Alex.  Henderfon,  ^^  Commiffloners  of  the 

Sam.  Rutherford,  ^  Church  o/ScocJand. 

Rob.  Bailie, 

Geo.  Gillefpie, 

The  Infcription  was,  I0  the  Reverend  and  Learned 
Pajlors  and  Elders  of  the  Clajfes  and  Churches  of  the 
Province  of  Zealand,  our  much  honoured  Brethren. 


Letters  of  the  fame  Import  were  fent  to  the  feve-Hift. 
ral  Churches  of  the  [even  Provinces ;  to  the  Churches^cuarts, 
of  Geneva-,  the  Proteftant  Cantons  of  Switzerland -y^- '''^^' 
the  Churches  of  Hejfe,  Hannaw,  and  Anhalt ;  and  to 
•the  Proteftant   Congregation    at  Paris ;    all  which 
were  received  with  Refped,  and  anfwered  by  the  re- 
fpeftive  ClafTes.     But  the  Churches  of  BoJxriiia,  Iran^ 
'filvania^  Poland^  Silefia^  and  Auflria,  and  other  Ci- 
ties and  Principalities  of  Germany,  were  not  written 
to.     The  Anfwer  from  the  French  Church  at  Paris  ms.  pcne* 
was  read  in  the  Affembly  the  beginning  o{ March  \^^' 
from  Switzerland  June  12.  1644.  and  from  Gen:va  ac 
the  fame  Time-,  from  the  Claffes  o{ Amjlerdain  and 
GeldeHandJune  i().  and  \s/lr.  TVhitlockohkxwi:^^  That 
the   Netherlafid  Divines  exprefs'd  not  only  their  Ap- 
probation of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Parliament  and 
iMTembly  touching  the  Covenant,  but  defired  to  join 
with  the  two  Kingdoms  therein. 

The 


94  7"/^^  HISTORY  Vol.  ilf. 

King        The  King  apprehending  himfelf  mifreprefented  to 

Charles  Lfj^g  foreign  Churches,  in  that  part  of  the  Affembly's 

\J^r^  Letter  which  infinuates  a  Defign  to  introduce  Pope- 

\^-\r-^  ry,  and  being  advifed  to  vindicate  his  Character  from 

that  Imputation,  caufed  a  IVIanifelio  to  be  drawn  up 

in  Lalin  and   En^ijh^    to   all    foreign    Proteftants ; 

which  though  notpublilhed  till  the  beginning  of  next 

Year,  may  be  properly  inferced  in  this  Place. 

Charles,  I'j  the  ejpecial  Providence  of  Al?nighty  God^ 
King  (^/England,  Scotland,  France  and\rQ\2in<^,Defen- 
der  of  the  Faith,  &c.  to  all  thofe  who  profefs  the  true 
reformed  Proteftant  Religion^  of  what  Nation,  Degree, 
cr  Condition  foever  they  be,  to  whom  this  prefent  De- 
claration fhall  comey  Greeting, 

Khgs  "  TTT THERE  AS  we  are  given  to  underftand. 
Reply.  a  y  Y  that  many  fiUfe  Rumours,  and  fcandalous 
Rufhw.  tc  Letters,  are  fpread  up  and  down  among  the  re- 
Vol.  V.  <t  formed  Churches  in  foreign  Parts,  by  the  poli- 
'^'^  '  *«  tick,  or  rather  the  pernicious  Induftry  of  fome  ill 
"  affeded  Perfons,  that  we  have  an  Inclination  to 
«  recede  from  that  orthodox  Religion  which  we  were 
"  born,  baptized,  and  bred  in,  and  which  we  have 
«  firmly  profefled  and  pradtifed  throughout  the 
«'  whole  Courfe  of  our  L,ife  to  this  Moment ;  and 
*'  that  we  intend  to  give  Way  to  the  Introdudlion, 
«'  and  publick  Exercife  of  Popery  again,  in  our  Do- 
««  minions ;  which  moft  detcftable  Calumny  being 
«'  grounded  upon  no  imaainable  Foundation,  hacti 
«<  raifed  tbefe  horrid  Tumuks,  and  more  than  bar- 
<«  barous  Wars,  throughouc  this  fiourifliing  Ifland, 
"  under  Pretence  of  a  kind  of  Retormation  which  is 
«  incompatible  with  the  fundamental  Laws  and  Go- 
««  vernment  of  this  Kingdom  :  We  dcfire  that  the 
«'  whole  Chriftian  World  fhould  reft  allured,  that 
*'  we  never  entertain'd  the  leaft  Thought  to  attempt 
<«  fuch  a  Thing,  or  to  depart  a  Jot  from  that  holy 
«  Religion,  which  when  we  received  the  Crown  and 

"  Scepter 


Chap.  II.       of  the  Vv  KIT  AN  ii,  g^ 

"  Scepter  of  this  Kingdom,  we  took  a  mofl:  folemn     Khg 

"  facramental  Oath  to   profefs    and  proceft.     Nor^^'^'"'"  I' 

"  does  our  conftant  Pradlice,  and  daily  Prefcnce  in  \\^^1. 

"  the  Exercife  of  this  Religion,  with  To  many  A ITe- ^^^'^^*''^- 

"  venations  at  the  Head  of  our  Armies,  and  the  pub- 

"  lick  Attellation  of  our  Barons,  with  the  Circum- 

«'  Jpe^fion  ufid   in    the    Education    of  our  royal   Ojf- 

"  fpring^  befides  divers  other  undeniable  Arguments 

*'  only  demonftrate  this,  but  alfo  that  happy  Alli- 

*'  ance  of  Marriage  we  contra6led  between  our  eld- 

"  eft  Daughter  and  the  illuftrious  Prince  of  Orange^ 

"  moft  clofely  confirms  the  Reality  of  our  Intentions 

"  herein  ;  by  which  it  appears,  that  our  Endea.vours 

*'  are  not  only  to  make  a  Profefllon  thereof  in  our 

"  own  Dominions,    but  to  ftrengthen  it  abroad  as 

"  much  aslieth  in  our  Power. 

"  This  moft  holy  Religion  of  the  yJngUcane  Church, 
*'  ordain'd  by  fo  many  Convocations  of  learned  Di- 
*'  vines,  confirm*d  by  fo  many  Adls  of  Parliament, 
"  and  ftrengthened  by  fo  many  royal  Proclamations, 
"  together  with  the  Ecclefiaftical  Difcipline  and  Li- 
"  turgy,  which  the  moft  eminent  Proteftant  Au- 
«'  thors,  as  well  as  Germans,  French,  Danes,  and 
*'  Swedes,  Dutch  and  Bohemians,  do  with  many  Elo- 
"  gies,  and  not  without  a  kind  of  Envy,  approve 
"  and  applaud  in  their  publick  Writings,  particu- 
"  larly  in  the  Tranfadions  of  the  Synod  of  Dort, 
"  wherein  (befides  others  of  our  Divines  who  were 
"  afterwards  Prelates)  one  of  our  Bifhopsaffifted,.  to 
«  whofe  Dignity  all  due  Refpecfs  and  Precedency 
"  were  given  :  This  Religion,  we  fay,  which  our 
"  royal  Father,  of  bleffed  Memory,  doth  poblickly 
"  aflert  in  his  famous  Confefllon  addrefs'd  ro  all 
"  Chriftian  Princes,  with  the  Hierarchy  and  Litur- 
"  gv  thereof,  we  folemnly  proceft,  that  by  [he 
"  Help  of  God,  we  will  endeavour  to  our  utmoft 
«'  Power,  and  laft  Period  of  our  Life,  to  keep  intire 
«'  and  inviolable ;  and  will  be  careful,  according  to 
«  our  Duty  to  Heaven,  and  the  Tenor  of  our  Oath 

"  ac 


$6  Ty5^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol  III. 

Ring    "  at  our  Coronation,  That  all  our  Ecclefiafticks,  ia 

Charles!, t<  thejr  feveral    Degrees    and  Incumbencies,    fhall 

\J^^^  "  preach  and  pradlife.     Wherefore  we  command  all 

^^^f^  «  Qur  Minifters  of  ^State  beyond  the  Seas,  as  well 

*'  AmbalTadors  as  Kefidents,    Agents  and   MefTen- 

*^  gers ;  and  wedefire  all  the  reft  of  our  loving  Subr 

**  je6ts  that  fojourn  in  foreign  Parts,  to  communicate 

"  and  affert  this  our  folemn  and  fincere  Proteftation, 

"  when  Opportunity  of  Time  and  Place  fhall   be 

«  offer'd."  .  , 

Given  in  our  Univerjily  and  Ciiy  of  Oxford, 
tey  14.  1644. 

Kemarh.  This  Declaration  did  the  King  little  Service  among 
foreign  Proteftants,  for  though  it  aiTured  them.hi.$ 
Majefty  would  not  turn  Papift,  it  convincVl  them  that 
no  Alteration  in  the  EngUJh  Hierarchy  was  to  be  ex- 
pedted.  His  marrying  his  Daughter  to  the  Prince  of 
Orange  was  perhaps  the  only  Evidence  of  his  Charity 
For  the  2)^/<r/6  Reformation  ;  but  his  Appeal  to  the  Edu- 
cation of  his  Children  was  trifling,  when  all  the  World 
knew  they  were  under  PopiJJj  Injlru^ors,  in  purfur 
ance  of  a  Marriage  Contrail,  till  twelve  or  fourteen 
Years  of  Age,  and  had  received  ImprefTions  not  tp 
be  eafily  defaced.  His  infinuating  to  the  foreigq 
Churches,  that  their  moft  learned  Divines  preferr'J 
the  En^iijh  Hierarchy  to  the  Government  of  their 
own  Countries,  convinced  them  they  ougat  to  be 
more  fparing  of  their  Compliments  for  the  future, 
to  Perfons  that  would  draw  fuch  Conclufions  from 
them.  As  to  the  Synod  of  Dort^  no  Precedency  was 
given  to  the  Bifhop  on  account  of  his  Epifcopal  Cha- 
rafter,  but  as  a  Baron  of  the  EngUJJj  Parliament. 
Nor  is  there  any  Thing  in  the  Declaration  chat  might 
encourage  the  foreign  Clergy  to  hope  his  Majelly 
would  own  their  Churches,  Minillers,  or  Sacraments, 
or  unite  with  ihem  againft  the  common  Enemy  of  the 
Reformation,    any  more  than  before  thefe  unhappy 


Troubles  began. 


All 


Chap.  II,       o/*  /Zv  P  u  R I  T  A  N  ?,  97 

All  the  Epifcopal  Divines  left  the  Aflembly  before  Kitig 
the  bringing  in  cf  the  Covt^nant,  except  Dr.  FdatlyS^^^^^^  ^* 
who  was  expeird  for  holding  Correfpondence  with  \^J^Ai^ 
Archbifhop  U/her  at  Oxford^  and  for  revealing  their 
Proceedings,  contrary  to  the  exprefs  Words  of  the 
Ordinance,  which  obliges  them  not  to  divulge  by  Print- 
ing or  fFriting,  or  otherwife,  their  Opinions  or  Advices ^ 
touching  the  Matter  spropofed  to, them  by  Parliainent  ^without 
the  Confcnt  of  both  or  either  Honfes.  The  Doftor  was  a 
learned  Man,  and  a  Calvinijl,  upon  which  Account 
the  AfTembly  paid  him  great  Regard,  and  indul- 
ged him  in  all  his  Speeches  in  favour  of  Epifcopa- 
cy,  and  againll  tht  Covenant,  fome  of  which  were  af- 
terwards publifhed  to  the  World.  They  appointed 
him  to  anfwer  a  Popifh  Pamphlet  called  the  Safe- 
guard', and  he  bore  a  Part  in  the  Annotations  on  the 
Bible,  which  go  under  the  Name  of  the  AfTembly. 
Lord  Clarendon  fays,  the  King  fent  him  a  Letter  for- 
bidding him  to  fit  any  longer,  but  that  the  Doflor 
cxcufed  it  in  a  Letter  to  Archbifhop  Ufber,  which  be- 
ing intercepted,  he  was  committed  Prifoner  to  Lord 
Peter's  Houfe  in  Alderfgate  Street  as  a  Spy  ;  the 
Archbifhop  at  the  fame  Time  being  declared  unca- 
pableof  fitting  in  the  AfTembly  for  the  like  Reafon, 
And  here  was  an  End  of  all  the  publick  Concern  the 
Epifcopal  Party  had  in  the  Government  of  the  Church 
till  the  Refloration. 

From  the  Time  of  taking  the  Covenant  we  may  Di/dpiine 
date  the  entire  DifTolution  of  the  Hierarchy  of  the^-^'^^ 
Church,  though  it  was  not  as  yet  fet  afide  by  an  Or-^J"'J^[j 
dinance  of  Parliament.     There  were  no  more  Eccie- 
fiaftical  Courts,  no  Vifitations,  no  wearing  the  Ha- 
bits,   no  regard    paid  to    the   Canons  or   Ceremo- 
nies, nor  even  to  the  Common  Prayer  it  felf.     The 
Archbifhop    of   Canterbury,     by    an   Ordinance    of 
May  1 6.  had  been  forbid  to  collate  any  Benefices  in 
his  Gift,   but  to  Perfons  nominated  by  Parliament  ; 
for  Difobedience  to  which  he  was  by  another  Ordi- 
nance 0^  June  10.  **  fufpended  ab  O^cio  i^  Beneficioj 

Vol.  IIL  H  ♦*  and 


93  7y&^  HISTORY  Vol.  III. 

King     «  and  from  all  Archiepifcopal  Jurifdidion,    till  he 
Charles  I.  u  fhould  be  acquitted,    or  convidled  of  the  High 
\,y^-Y^  "  Treafon  of  which  he  was  impeached ;  and  as  to 
farlia-     "  fuch  Livings,  Dignities,  Promotions,  &c.  in  the 
mentno'    <*  faid  Archbifhop's  Gift  or  Collation,    as  are,  or 
mimte      tc  f^j^jj  hereafter  become  void,  Inftitution  or  Indu- 
*/S/?   ^'"  <^ion,  (hall  henceforward  be  given   by  the  Arch- 
"  bifhop's  Vicar  General,  or  any  other  having  Au- 
*'  thority  on  this  behalf,  upon  the  Nomination  and 
*'  Recommendation  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament.'* 
By  this  extraordinary  Method  the  Reverend  Mr.  Cor- 
bet was  induced  into  the  Living  of  Chatham,  Rations 
Sufpenftonis  Dom.  Guil.  Archiepifcopi  Cant.  ^  Sequeftra- 
tionis  temporaliu?n  Archiepifcopatus  in  manibus  fupremae 
curiae  Parliafnenti,  jam  exijlentis.     By  reafon  of  the  Su- 
fpenfion  of  the  Arcbbifhop  of  Canterbury,  and  the  Seqiie- 
Jlration  of  the  Temporalities  of  his  Archbijhoprick  into  the 
Hands  of  the  prefent  high  Court  of  Parliament,  the  fame 
belonging  to  their  Gift.     But  this  Ordinance  was  of  no 
long  Continuance,  for  upon  the  Sitting  of  the  Affem- 
bly  of  Divines  all  Church  Bufinefs  went  through  their 
Hands ;  the  Parijhes  chofe  their  Miniflers  the  AffetnU'j 
examined   and  approved,    and  the  Parliament  con- 
firmed them  in  their  Benefices  without  any  regard  to 
the  Archbirtiop  or  his  Vicar.     Thus  the  Earl  oiMan- 
chefter  filled  the  vacant  Pulpits  in  the  afTociated  Coun- 
ties •,  and  when  Lord  Fairfax  was  authorized  to  fup- 
ply  thofe  in  the  North,  by  an  Ordinance  of  i^?^.  27. 
Pari.  Chr.thc  Preamble  fays,   *'  The  Houfes  being  credibly 
Part  IV.    «  informed  that  many  Miniflers  in  the  County  of 
p-  12.  .     t(  2''ork  were  not  only  of  a  fcandalous  Life,  but  ha- 
*'  ving  left  their  Churches  and  Cures,  had  withdrawn 
*'  themfelves  wilfully  from  the  fame,  and  join'd  fuch 
*'  Forces  as  had  been  raifed  againft  the  Parliament, 
*'  and  affifted  them   with  Men,    Money,    Horfes, 
*'  and  Arms  •,  therefore   it   is  ordained,  that  Lord 
*'  Fairfax  be  authorized  to  fill  up  their  Places  with 
*'  fuch  learned  and  godly  Divines  as  he  fhall  think 
"  fir,  with  Advice  of  the  AfTembly." 

This 


Chap.  II.        of  f/je  Vu  RiT  Ai^  5.  99 

This  created  a  great  deal  of  Bufinefs ;  for  though  K^f^g 
the  AffL-mbly  had. not  a  Parliamentary  Authority  to^'^^''^"  ^' 
ordain,  yet  the  Examination  and  Approbation  ofv^^t^ 
fuch  Clergymen  already  in  Orders,  as  petitioned  for q,„,„jj if gg 
fequcfter'd  Livings,  being  by  exprefs  Order  of  ihao  examwe 
two  Houfes  referr'd  to  them,  they  were  obliged  toC/f>-^;wf»« 
chufe  a  feled  Committee  for  this  Work ;  their 
Names  were. 


The  Rev.  Dr.  Gvouge, 

Dr.  Staunton, 
Dr.  Lightfoot, 
Dr.  Smith, 
Dr.  Temple, 
Dr.  Tuckney, 
Dr.  Hoyle, 
Dr.  B urges. 
Dr.  SpurftoW) 
Mr.  Ley, 
Mr.  Reynolds, 


Tbe  Rev.  Mr.  Conant, 
Mr.  Gower, 
Mr.  Colman, 
Mr.  Hill, 
Mr.  Corbet, 
Mr.  Gacaker, 
Mr.  Herle, 
Mr.  Hall, 
Mr.  Whitaker, 
Mr.  Bathurfl, 
Mr.  Cheynel. 


-f'The    Method    of   Examination    was    this;    ihs'^^-'^'''  ^'^^^ 
Names  of  the  Minifters  who  petitioned  for  Livings, '""^ ''A. 
6r  were  recommended  by  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  ^^^^ 
being  publifhed  in  the  Allembly  two  or  three  Days  be- 
fore the  Examination,  Liberty  was  given  in  that  Time 
to  makcExceptions  to  their  Charafters ;  if  f^o:hing  was 
objcclcd  they  were  examined  by  the  Committee,  or 
any  five  of  them,  who  reported  their  Qualifications 
to  the  Houfe,   upon  which  each  Candidate  received  a 
Certificate   from    the   AfTembly    to   the    following 
E^:cfl : 


/\  Ccorciing  to  an  Order  bearing  Date  —  (rdtn 
;/~\,  the  Commit' ee  of  the  Eloufe  of  Commons 
for  plundered  Minifters,  to  the  Committee  of  Di- 
vines for  the  Examination  oi  J.  B.  concerning  his 
Fitnefs  to  l)e  admitted  to  the  Benefit  of  theScque- 
**  ftration*  of  the  Church  of— '^- — -,  in  the  County 

H  z  "  of 


tbo  77j^  H I S  T  O  R Y         Vol.  III. 

x?;7?    <«  of  • ,  and  fo  to  officiate  in  the  Cure  thereof, 

Charles  I.tt  jj^^^g  gj.g  jQ  certify  the  faid  Committee  of  plunder- 
vj-y^"  ed  Minifters,  that  upon  Examination  of  the  faid 
"  /f.  B.  and  feme  Trial  of  his  Gifts  and  Abilities, 
*'  we  conceive  him  fit  to  officiate  in  the  Cure  of — , 
"  in  the  County  aforefaid.  In  witnefs  whereof  we 
"  have  hereunto  fubfcribed  our  Names." 

The  Scribes  of  the  JJpmbly  were  ordered  to  keep  a 

Record  of  all  Orders  and  Certificates  concerning  Mi- 

nifters  recommended  to  Sequeftrations,  and  to  enter 

them  in  a  Regifler  Book.     This  continued  for  about 

a  Year,  till  the  new  Direftory  and  Form  of  Church 

Government  took  Place. 

Ee/tth  of       Towards  the  latter  End  of  this  Year  died  William 

r^'o  ^^\  Chillingworth,  A.  M.  whom  I  mention  not  as  a  Puritan, 

mgwor    ^yj.  ^^  ^  Witnefs  againft  fome  of  thofe  Hardfliips  the 

prefent  Di^enters  complain  of-,  he  was  born  at  Oxford, 

1602.  and  educated  m  Magdalen  College,  of  which  he 

became  Fellow  in  June  1628.     He  afterwards  turn'd 

Roman  C^-ihoWok,  and  went  to  the  Jefuits  College  ac 

St.  Ofner'*s,  but  not  being  thoroughly  fatisfied  in  fome 

of  their  Principles    he  return*d   to  England,    163 1. 

and   having  embraced  the  Religion  of  the  Church 

of  England,  publifh'd  an  excellent  Treatife,    entitled 

^he  Religion  of  Protejlants  a  fafe  fFay  to  Salvation,  for 

which  he  was  preferr'd  to  the  Chancellorfliip  of  the 

Church  of  Saru?n,  and  made  Matter  of  PFygfian  Ho- 

Jpital  in  Leicefler.     He  was   put  into  the  Lifl  with 

other  Loyalifts  to  be  created  D.  D.  in  the  Year  1642. 

Chill.Lue,  bm-  came  not  thither  to  receive  that  Honour.    It  was 

P*  ^''°'     the  general  Opinion  of  the  Times  that  he  was  a  Soci- 

nian,  but  in  his  lafl  Letter  at  the  End  of  his  Works, 

Chill.  Let'  hg  appears  an  Avian.     'Tis  very  certain  he  refufed  to 

Sheldon'''  ^"bfcribe  the  Thirty  nine  Articles  for  fome  Years 

at  the  End^^^^"^  his  Converfion,    (i.)  Becaufe  he  did  nor  be- 

cfhis        lieve  the   Morality  of   the   Fourth  Commandment. 

Works^  -     ('2.)    Becaufe   he  did  not  agree   to  the  Damnatory 

^*  5  •        Claufes  in  the  Athanafian  Creed,  and  therefore  could 

not 


Chap.  II.        of  tbe  F  u  RiT  AN  s.  lOi 

not  read  the  Common  Prayer.     He  obje<5led  alfo  to    King 
the  Twentieth  Article,    Of  the   Churches  Po'-jjer    to^^^^''^'^^' 
decree  Rites  and  Ceremonies ;    to  the  Nineteenth  Ar-  ,J^wl^ 
tide,    That    IVorks  done  before    the   Grace  of  Chriff, 
&c.   are  not  pleafing  to  God  ;    and  indeed,    fays  the 
Writer  of  his  Life,   to  the  Articles  in  general,  as  an  p.  loi. 
Impofition  on  Men*s  Confciences,  much  like  the  Au- 
thority which   the  Church  of  Rome  aiTumes.     Mr. 
Chiliujgworth  bleffes  God,  that  when  he  had  enter- 
tained fome  Thoughts  of  Subfcription,  two  unexpefl- 
ed  Impediments  diverted  him  from  it  ;  '*  For  ffaysChillfng- 
*'  hej  I  profefs,  fmce  I  entertain'd  it  I  never  en- ""^•'^'^'^ ' ^ 
*'  joy'd  Quiet  Day  nor  Night,  till  now  that  I  have^*^''' 
"  rid  my  felf  of  it  again  j  and  I  plainly  perceive, 
*'  that  if  I  had  fwallowed  this  Pill,  howfoever  gilded 
over  with  Glofles  and  Refervations,  and  wrapt  up 
in  Conferves  o^  good  Intentions  and  Purpofes^  yet  ic 
would   never   have   agreed  nor   flayed   with  me, 
but    I   fhould   have  caft  it  up    again,    and  with 
*'  it  whatfoever  Preferment  I  fliould  have   gained 
**  as   the  Wages  of  Unrighteoufnefs  -,     but  now  I 
"  thank  God,  I  am  refolved,  that  I  will  never  do 
*'  that  while  I  am   living  and  in  Health,  which  I 
"  would  not  do  if  I  was  dying  ;  and  this  I  am  fure  I 
**  would  not   do,    and    therefore  whenever  I  make 
*'  fuch  a  prepofterous  Choice,  I  will  give  you  leave 
*'  to  believe,  that  I  am  out  of  my  Wits  or  do  not 

"  believe  in  God '*     But  notwithftanding  thefe 

Refokuions,  he  was  prevailed  vvith  to  fubfcribe,  by 
his  Godfather  Archbifhop  Laud,  to  qualify  him  for 
the  above-mentioned  Preferments.  How  the  Pill  was 
gilded  over  is  not  certain  *,  the  Writer  of  his  Life 
fays,  he  fubfcribed  as  Articles  of  Peace,  but  not  cft^  '^^'» 
Belief.  Mr.  Cbiilingzuorth  was  a  quick  Difputant, 
and  of  very  high  Principles,  for  in  one  of  his  Sermons 
bef  )re  the  King,  he  fays,  That  the  7nofl  unjuji  and 
tyrannical  Violence  of  Princes  may  not  be  rejecled  ;  this 
being  unlazvful,  even  though  Princes  be  mofl  impious,  ty- 
rannicaly    and  idolMrous.     But    though    his   political 

H  3  Prin- 


102  r/j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IIL 

Kif^g    Principles  were  high,  he  was  low  enough  with  regard 
Chades  l.^^  ^.j^^  Authority  of  Councils,    Fathers,    and  Con- 
^^J.^^«^  vocations,  in  Matters  of  Faith  ;  and  declares  round- 
ly, Thai  the  Bible  alone  is  the  Religion  of  a  Protc- 
ftcint.     He  was  an  excellent  Mathematician,  and  fer- 
ved  as  Engineer  in  Arundel  Cajlk  in  S.ujfe>!,   where  he 
was  taken  Prifoner,  and  when  indifpoled  had  the  Fa- 
vour of  being  lodged  in  the  Bifhop's  Houfe  at  Chi- 
ChWlUk^chejler^  where  he  died  Jan.  20.  164^.     'Tis  furpri- 
?b'P'3U-fing,  that  I^gyA  Clarendon  Ihould  fay.  The  Parliament 
Clergy  frofecuted  him  with  all  the  T'nhumanity  imaginable, 
Jo  that  by  their  barbarous  Ufage  he  died  within  a  few  Days : 
When,  as   he  himfelf  acknowledged,  he  wanted  for 
nothing  i  and  by  the  Interefl  of  Dr.  Cheynel  who  at- 
tended   him    in   his  Sicknefs,  was  courteoufly  ufed» 
The  Do6lor  would  have  reafoned  him  out  of  fome  of 
his   Principles   but  could  not  prevail,  and  therefore 
at  his  Interment,  after  a  reflediing  Speech  upon  the 
deceafed,   he  threw  his  Book,    entitled  The  Religion 
of  Prcteflants  a  fafe  Way  to  Salvation^  into  the  Grave 
Jb.  p.  3620 laying,  ^c  Get  thee  gone,  thou  curfed  Book,  which 
«'  hait  feduced   fo  many  precious  Souls ;  Earth  to 
"  Earth,  Duft  to  Duff  i  get  thee  into  the  Place  of 
"  Rottennefs,  that  thou  may  ft  rot  with  thy  Author, 
*^  and  fee  Corruption."     A  molt  unchriflian  and  un- 
charitable Imprecation  ! 
ClataBer       Among  the  cunfiderable  States-Men  who  died  this 
pf  hir.      Year,    may    be   reckoned    John   Hampden.,    Efq;    of 
ramp  e  '  ^uckinghamfmre,    a  Gentleman  of  good  Extraction, 
and  one  of  the  greatell  Patriots  of   his  Age,  as  ap- 
pears by  his  ftandlng  Trial  with  the  King  in  the  Cafe 
o^ Ship-Money,  which  raifed  his  Reputation  to  a  very 
great  Heigh:  throughout  the  Kingdom.     He  was  not 
a  Man  of  many  Words,  but  a  very  weighty  Speaker  i 
his  Reputation  for  Honrfty  was  univerfal,  and  his 
AiTedions  leemcd  fo  pubiickly  guided,   that  no  cor- 
rupt or  private  Ends  coiilJ  bials  them.     He  was  in- 
deed a  very  wife  Man,  of  great  Parts  and  Modefty, 
a^td  polTeiTed  of  the  moft  abloluce  Spirit  of  Popularity 
.    ■'  ■■        •  Clays 


Chap. II.       of  fbe  FvRiT  Au  si'  103 

(fays  Lord  Clarendon)  I  ever  knew.     He  was  one  of     J<^i»g 
the  impeached  Members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  ^^'^'"'^^  ^' 
and  in  the  Beginning  of  the  War  took  the  Command  ,^^.J!4^ 
of  a  Regiment,  and  performed  the  Duty  of  a  Colonel 
on  all  Occafions  pundlually,  being  a  Man  of  great 
perfonal  Courage,    not  to  be  tired  out  by  the  moft 
laborious -i    and  of  Parts  not  to  be  impofed  upon  by 
the  moft  fubtle  ;  but  becaufe  he  fought  againft  the 
Court,  hord  Clarendon  fays  (if  this  be  not  an  Inter- 
polation of  the  Editors)  that  he  had  a  Head  to  f(?«-Hi(l. 
trive,  a  "Tongue  to  ;perfwade,  and  a  Hand  to  execute  an'j'^^^^^^^* 
Mifchief.    .Which  is  very  unaccountable  in  one  whotn'^* 
his  Lordfhiphad  commended  as  a  Perfon  not  only  of 
Chearfulnefs  and  Affability,    but    of   extraordinary 
Sobriety  and  Stri6tnefs  of  Life.     Mr.  Hampden  was 
certainly   in  all  Refpe6ls  one   of   the   greateft   and 
beft  Men  of  his  Age,  and  the  Parliament  had  an  irre- 
parable Lofs  in  his  Death,  which  happened  June  24, 
about  a  Week  after  his  Shoulder  Bone  had  been  bro- 
ken by  a  Mufl<et  Ball,  in  a  Skirmifh  with  Prince  Ru- 
^ert*s  Forces  in  Chalgrave  Field. 

John  Pp?i^  Efq;  Member  of  Parliament  for  Tavi-^^'^^'^^^^ 
flock  in  all  the  Parliaments  of  King  Charles  I.  was  af  ^'^^' 
Man  of  the  greateft  Experience  in  Parliamentary 
Affairs  of  any  Man  of  his  Time.     He  was  an  admi- 
rable Speaker,  and   by  the  Gravity  of  his  Counte- 
nance and  graceful  Behaviour,  could  turn  the  Houfe 
■which  way  he  pleas'd  ;    he  was  a  Man  of  Bufinefs 
and  for  moderate  Meafures,  according  to  L-ord  Cla- 
rendon^ till  the  King  impeach'd  him  of  High  Trea- 
fon.     In  his  private  Life  he  was  a  Perfon  of  true  Piety 
^nd  Exadtnefs  of  Manners ;  and  though  enclin'd  to 
the  Puritr.n   Party,  not  averfe  to  the  Hierarchy  of 
the  Church  with  fome  Emendations.     He  was  one  of 
the  Lay-Members  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines,  and 
at  the  Head  of  all  publick  Bufinefs,  the  Fatigue  of 
v/hich  wore  out  his  Conftitution,  and  put  an  End  to. 
his  Life,  December  8.    1643.  in  the  Sixtieth  Year  of 
his  Age.     The  News  of  no  Man's  Death  was  more 

H  4.  wel- 


J04  5"/^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IIL 

^  King     welcome  to  the  Royalifts  than  his,  who  fpread  a  Re- 
^^16^^-^  ^'port,  that  he  died  of  the  Morbus  pediculofus,  to  con- 
ijLy4^.  fute  which  his  Body  was  expofed  to  publick  View  for 
many  Days,  and  at  laft  interred  in  the  moft  honour- 
able Manner  in  TVeflminfler  Jbhey,     A  little  before 
his  Death  he  publifhed  his  own  Vindication  to  the 
World,  againft  the  many  Slanders  that  went  abroad 
concerning  him.     *'  He  declares  himfelf  a  faithful 
Son  of  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  of  the  Ortho- 
dox Doftfine  of  the  Church  of  England.     He  con- 
felTcs  he   had  been  for  reforming  Abufes  in  the 
Government  of  the  Church,    when   the  Bifhops, 
inftead  of  taking  care  of  Men's  Souls,  v/ere  ba- 
nifhing  their  Bodies  into  the  moft  defolate  Places  5 
bringing   in  new  Canons,  Armintan  and  Pelagian 
Errors,  and  fuch  a  Number  of  Rites  and  Ceremo- 
nies as  the  People  were  not  able  to  bear.  —When 
fince  that  Time  they  h?.d  as  much  as  in  them  lay 
fomented  the  civil  Differences  between  the  King 
and  his    Parliament,    abetting  and  encouraging 
Malignants  with  large  Supplies  of  Men  and  Mo- 
ney, and  flirring  up  the  People  to  Tumults  by 
their  feditibus  Sermons^     For  thefe  Reafons  (fays 
he)  I  gave  my  Opinion  for  abolifhing  their  Fun- 
dlions,  which,  I  conceive,  may  as  well  be  done  as 
the  Diffolution  of  Monafteries,  Monks  and  Friars 
was  in  King  Henry  the  Eighth's  Time.     He  con- 
cludes with  declaring,  That  he  was  not  the  Author 
of  the  prefent  Diftraftions  •,  with  acknowledging 
the  King  for  his  lawful  Sovereign,    but  thinks, 
when  he  was  profcri bed  for  a  Traitor,  meerly  for 
the  Service  of  his  Country,    no  Man  can  blame 
him  for  taking  care  of  his  own  Safety,  by  flying 
for  Refuge  to  the  Protedion  of  Parliament,  who 
were  pleafed  to  make  hh  Cafe  their  o^fjn. 


CHAP. 


Chap. III.      o/'/i&^  Puritans'.  '105 

CHAP.    III. 

The  Oxford  Parliament.  Progrefs  of  the  War. 
Vijitation  of  the  Univerfty  of  Cambridge  by 
the  Earl  ^"Manchefter.  Com??iitteesfor  plun- 
dered, fequejlered,  andfcandaloiis  Minijlers. 

THE  Campaign  being  over  without  a  Profped     King 
of  Peace,  both  Parties  endeavour'd  toftrength-^'^^''"  \* 
en  themfelves  by  new  and  fovereign  A6ts  of  Power.  k^^II, 
The  Parliament  experiencing  the  Want  of  a  Great ^j^g  Qy^_ 
Seal  for  many  Purpofes,  gave  Orders  that  one  fhouldford  Par- 
be  made.     They  continued  to  lift  Soldiers,  to  leyyi'amsTit. 
Taxes,  and  to  ufe  every  Method  they  thought  proper .R"^^^^* 
to  fupport  their  Caufe.     On  the  other  hand,    the      "    ' 
King   raifed  Contributions  without  Form  of  Law  ; 
ordered  the  Removal  of  the  Courts  of  Juftice  from 
U'^ejlminjler  ;  and  that  he  might  feem  to  a6l  in  a  Par- 
liamentary Way,  fummoned  the  Members  who  had 
been  expelled  the  Houfes,  and  all  others  willing  to 
withdraw  from  the  rebellious  City  o^  London,  to  meet 
him  at  Oxford,  Jan.  22. 164:^.  which  was,  in  efFeft,  dif- 
annulling  the  Ad:  for  continuing  of  the  prefent  Par- 
liament.    In  obedience  to  the  Proclamation  there  ap- 
peared Forty  nine  Peers,  and  one  Hundred  forty  one 
of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  not  reckoning  thofe  em- 
ploy'd  in  his  Majefty's  Service,  or  abfentwith  leave. 
Lord  Clarendon  lays,  the  Appearance  of  both  Hou-CIar.Rem. 
fes  with  the  King  was  fuperior  in  Number,  as  well  asP-  ^*^^* 
Quality,    to  thofe  at  Weftminjter,  which  muft  be  a 
Miftakei  for  though  the  Majority  of  Peers  were  on 
his  Side,  Mr.  Whitlock  afTures  us,  that  upon  a  Call  Mem. 
of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  the  very  Day  the  others?'  "^' 
were  to  meet  at  O^r/t/r J,  there  were  prefent  two  Hun- 
dred and  eighty  Members,  not  reckoning  one  Hun- 
dred more,  who  were  engaged   in  their  Service  in 
tiic  feveral  Counties.     Ti"iis  is  a  very  confidcrabje 

Majo- 


io6  77^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

Kirg    Majority,    though  if  there  had  been  but  Forly  the 
Charles  I. King  could  not  have  prorogued  or  difiblved  them 
,^^J,?J^  without  their  own  Confent.     However,    the  Oxford 
Rufhw.    Members    ftiled    themfelves   the  Parliament,    Lord 
p.  $(57,     Littleton  being  Speaker  for  the  Peers,  and  Serjeant 
<S88.        Evers  for  the  Commons.     Their  firft  Step  was  to 
Ra?'">     fatisfy  the  World  they  defired  Peace,  fuch  a  Peace, 
i*?o.  '     ^^  ^^^  ^^^  King's  o;vn  Words,  "  wherein  God*s  true 
Hift.        **  Religion  may  be  fecured  from  the  Danger  of  Po- 
Stuarts,     «e  pery,  Sedaries,  and  Innovations ;  the  Crown  may 
p.  Z46.     «c  poffefs  thofe  juft  Prerogatives  which  may  enable 
"  me  to  govern  my  People  according  to  Law,  and 
«'  the  Subjefts  be  confirmed  in  thofe  Rights  which  I 
**  have  granted  them  in  Parliament,  to  which  I  (hall 
*«  be  ready  to  add  fuch  new  Graces,  as  I  fhall  find 
*'  may  mod  conduce  to  their  Happinefs.*'     They 
laid  an  Excife  upon  'Tobacco,    Wine,  Strong  Waters^ 
Ale,  Cyder,  Grocery,  and  Mercery  Wares,  Soap,  Salt„ 
and  Butcher's  Meat,  and  fubfcribed  confiderable  Sums 
of  Money  for  Support  of  the  War  ;  they  declared  the 
Scots  then  entring  E?igland  with  an  Army,  Traytors, 
and  the  Lords  and  Commons  at  Weftminjler  guihy  of 
High  Treafon,  for  inviting  them,  as  well  as  for  coun- 
terfeiting  the  Great  Seal.     On  the  other  hand,   the 
y",  Y*     Parliament  at  Weflminjler  would  not  acknowledge  the 
p.  28 3.'     Oxford  Members,  nor  receive  a  Meflage  from  them 
Rapin,      under  the  Charader  of  a  Parliament,  but  expell'd 
P-  iS^j     them  the  Houfe,  except  they  returned  to  their  Seats 
^^"*         within  a   limited  Time.     April   16.  the  King  pro- 
rogued his  Oxford  Members  to  November  following, 
when  they  fell  under  his  Difpleafure,  for  advifing  to 
pacifick  Meafures  at  the  Treaty  of  L^^r/'nV/^i?,  which  was 
then  upon  the  Carpet,  and  in  a  fair  way  of  producing 
an  Accommodation.     This  was  fo  didigreea ble  to  the 
Queen,  and  her  Roman  Catholick  Counfellors,  that 
they  never  left  off  teazing  the  unhappy  King  till  he 
had  difmified  them,  and  broke  off  the  Treaty  ;  an 
Account  of  which  he  fent  her  in  the  following  Letter, 
which  feems  to  breath  an  Air  of  too  great  Satisfadlion. 

Tiear 


Chap. III.      cf  the  TvRiT Au si  107 

Kirjg 

Dear  Heart,  CharUs  I. 

"    \  71/ HAT  I  told  thee  1  aft  Week,  concerning  j£^^ 
*'     VV    a  good  Parting  with  our  Lords  and  Com- ji;;j„^'j£,j^, 
*'  mons  here,   was  on  Monday  laft  handfomly  ^tx-ter  to  tht 
««  formed  ;  now  if  J  do  any  Thing  unhandfome,  or^<ff"» 
*'  difadvantagious  to  my  felf  or  Friends,  in  order  to 
*'  a  Treaty,  it  will  be  meerly  my  own  fault  —  Now 
**  I  promife  thee,  if  the  Treaty  be  renewed  (which 
**  I  believe  it  will  not)  wiihout  fome  eminent  good 
*«  Succefs  on  my  fide,  it  fhali  be  to  my  Honour  and 
"  Advantage,  I   being  now  as  well  free  from  the 
"  Place  of  bafe  and  mutinous  Motion  (that  is  to  fay, 
'*  our  7niajgrcl  Parliament  here)  as  of  the  chief  Cau- 
"  fers,  for  whom  I  may  juftly  expedl  to  be  chidden 
*'  by  thee,  for  having  fuffered  thee  to  be  vexed  by 
"  them  — 

Mr.  IVhitlockfiys,  this  AlTembly  fat  again  at  Ox- 
fcrd,  in  the  Year  1645.  and  voted  againft  the  Dire^o- 
;-)',  and  for  the  Common  Prayer  j  bun  the  King's 
Caufe  being  grown  defperate  they  foon  after  fhifted 
for  themfelves,  and  made  their  Peace  at  JVeJlminJler 
upon  the  heft  Terms  they  could. 

Qn  the  19  th  of  7^//.  164-^.  the  iSco^j  Army,  con  filling  Scots^rwjr 
of  twenty  one  Thoufand  Men,  under  the  Command  p"'^" 
of  General  Lf;:;^«,  crofted  zhe  Tijuecd  2.t  Berwick^  and    '  1^  "  * 
enrcr'd'£/7^ij/;^.     The  two  Houfes  fent  a  Committee  y^j  yj^ 
to  meet  them,  which  being  joined  by  another  of  ihatp.  603, 
Nation,  was  called  the  Committee  of  both  Kingdoms^  and 
v;ere  a  Sort  of  Camp  Parliament,  to  direct  the  Mo- 
tions of  the  Army,  which  after  fome  Time  united 
with  the  Lord  Fairfax^  Forces,  and  with  the  Earl  ot 
Manchejler^  and  Lieutenant   General  Cromwel.,   from 
the  affociated  Counties;  the  united  Armies  laid  Siege 
to  the  City  of  2 or(',  which  Prince  Rupert  having  re- 
lieved,   occafioned    the    Battle    of  Marfion    Moor, 
wherein   the   Prince  was  routed,    with   the  Lofs  of 
rhree  Thoufand  Men,  and  his  whole  Train  of  Arril- 
•       ■  •  '  Itryi 


io8  r/6^  HISTORY  VoI.III 

Kif}g  lery  ;  afcer  which  the  Marquis  of  iVl^w^^y?/,?  left  the 
Charles  I. j-oyal  Army,  and  embarked  with  divers  Lords  and 
\t^rsJ  Grentlemen  for  Hamburgh,  Prince  Rupert  retired  to- 
'"  wards  Cbejler,  and  deferted  all  the  Northern  Garri- 

fons  to  the  Mercy  of  the  Enemy,  which  falling  into 
their  Hands  next  Sumaser,    concluded  the  War  in 
thofe  Parts. 
E.o/Effex     But  his  Majefty  had  better  Succefs  in  the  Weft, 
iiefeated  w  ^liQYQ  being  ftrengthen*d  by  Prince  Maurice,  he  fol- 
Cornwall.jQ^^^  the  Earl  ofEffex,  and  fhut  up  his  Army  with- 
^^j  y'    in  the  narrow  Parts  of  Cornwal,  fo  that  he  could  nei- 
p.  dpij    ^her  fight  nor  retreat.     Here  the  King  invited  the 
701,  yoSjEarl  to  make  his  Peace,  but  he  chofe  rather  to  re- 
710,        tire  in  a  Boat  to  Plymouth,  leaving  his  Men  to  the 
Fortune  of  War.     As  foon  as  the  General  was  gone, 
the  Horfe  ynder  the  Command  of  Sir  fFilliam  Bal- 
four, bravely   forced  their  Way  through  the  royal 
Quarters  by  Night ;  but  the  Foot  under  the  Com-» 
raand  of  Major  General  Skippon,  were  obliged  to  fur- 
render   their   Arms,    Artillery,    Ammunition    and 
Baggage,    confifling  of  Forty  Brafs  Cannon,    two 
Hundred  Barrels  of  Powder,  Match  and  Ball  pro- 
portionable, feven  Hundred  Carriages,  and  between 
eight  and  nine  Hundred  Arms,  and  to  fwear  not  to 
bear  Arms  againft  the  King  till  they  came  into  Hamp- 
/hire.  This  was  thegreateft  Difgrace  the  Parliament's 
Forces  underwent  in  the  Courfeof  the  War,  the  Foot 
being  forced  to  travel  in  a  naked  and  flarving  Con- 
dition to  Portfmouth,  where  they  were  fupplied  with 
new  Cloaths  and  Arms.     And  now  again  the  King 
made  Offers  of  fuch  a  Peace,  as  he  fays,   he  had  been 
labouring  for,  that  is,  to  be  reftored  to  his  Preroga- 
tives as  before  the  War  j  but  the  Houfes  would  not 
fubmic. 
Kife  of  tie     Upon  the  Defeat  of  the  Earl  of  EJJex  his  Majefty 
ciuh-Men.  j-gfolved  to  match  diredly  for  London^  and  upon  the 
Rapin,      j^oad  iilucd  out  a  Proclamation,  Sept.  30.  requiring 
'^'     all  his  loving  Subjects  to  appear  in  Arms,  and  ac- 
company him  in  his  prelcnt  Expedition.     This  gave 

rife 


Chap.  III.      0/  //?^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  109 

rife  to  a  Combination  of  iVIen,  diftinguifliM  by  th6    King 
Name  of  Club-Men,  who  got  together  in  fVorce-^^^F^^^  ^' 
jietfjire  and  Dorfeljhire,  agreed  to  defend  themfelves  ^J-^^i^ 
againfl  the  Orders  both  of  King  and   Parliament. 
I'heir  Increafe  was  owing  to  the  prodigious  Ravages  of 
the  King's  Forces  in  their  March.  Prince  Rupert  \^^.%chara6fet 
a  fiery  Youth,  and  with  his  flying  Squadrons  of  Horfe''^.'^-'f 
burnt  Tov/ns  and  Villages,  deftroy'd  the  Countries ^^^'^^^'^ 
wherehecame,  and  indulged  his  Soldiers  in  Plunder  and  yv^Jj]  ' 
Blood.     In  Wales  he  drove  away  the  People's  Cattle,  p.  87.* 
lifled  their  Houfes,  and  fpoiled  their  ftanding  Corn. 
Aged  and  unarmed  People  were  ftripc  naked,  fome 
murdered  in  cold  Blood,  and  others  half  hanged  and 
burnt,  and  yet  fuffer'd  to  live.     "  Lord  Goring^  theClar. 
"  King's  General  of  the  Horfe,  was  one  of  the  moft^ol'^^* 
*'  finlflied  Debauchees  of  the  Age,  and  wanted  no-P  ^^^' 
*'  thing  but  Induftry  to  make  him  as  eminent  and 
*'  fuccefsful  in  the  higheft  Attempts  of  Wickednefs 
*'  as  ever  any  Man  was.     IVilmot^  the  Lieutenant 
"  General,  was  as  great  a  Debauchee  as  the  other, 
*'  and   had  no  more  regard  to  his  Promifes,  or  any 
"  Rules    of  Honour    or   Integrity."     Sir  Richard ^^^-^j^ 
Greenville^  who  commanded  the  Army  before  Ply- 
mouthy  is  reprefented  by  the  noble  Hiftorian,  as  ha- 
ving been  exceeding  barbarous  and  cruel  in  Ireland, 
hanging  up  old  Men  and  Women  of  Quality,    even 
though  they  were  bed-rid,  if  he  did  not  find  the  Plun- 
der he  expecfted  ;  when  he  came  into  the  JVeJl  heib  p  $54. 
exercifed  all  kinds  of  Cruelty,  and  would  fometimes 
make  one  of  the  Company  hang  all  the  reft,  contrary 
to  the  Law  of  Arms. 

The  LiccRtioufnefs  of  the  King's  Soldiers  was  not  in-  Ana  Soj- 
ferior  tothatof  hisOfficers,  for  having  no  reguhir  Pay^^^'w/. 
they  committed  Rapines  and  Plunders,  without  Di- 
flinction  of  Friends  or  Foes;   and  were  infamous  fol? 
the  moft  execrable  Oaths,  and  all  Kinds  of  Impiety; 
*'   Lord   Goring's  Horfe    (fays  the   noble  Hillorian)^'^''- 
"  committed    horrid   Outrages    and    Barbarites    in^''  ^'^' 
"  Hamp/hire,  and  infcHed  the  Borders  of  DorfetJ/Are'^ 


110  "The  HISTORY  Vol.lll. 

King    <«  Somerfetjhire,  and  Devon,  with  unheard  of  Rapines,. 
Charles  I.tc  fothat  the  People  who  were  well  devoted  to  the  King 
^L^^ '«  willied  for  the  Acceflion  of  any  Forces  to  redeem 
"  them/*     They  raifed  vaft  Contributions  in  feverai 
Counties  without  any  other  Pretence  but  the  King's 
Clar.        fovereign  PJeafure.     In  Cornwall  they   levied,  feven 
p.  <345,     Hundred  Pounds  a  Week  ;  in  Devonfifire  two  Thou- 
fand  two  Hundred  Pounds  a  Week,  and  proportion- 
able in  other  Parts.     As  the  Army  marched  along 
the  Country,  they  feized  the  Farmers  Horfes,  and 
carried  them  away  without  any  Confideration.    Ac 
Barnftahle  they  plunder'd  the  Town,  and  hanged  the 
Mayor,  though  it  was  furrender'd  upon  Articles.  At 
Eve/ham  the  King  fent  away  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen 
Prisoners  to  Oxford.     At  Woodhoufe  in  Devonjhire  they 
feized  fourteen  fubftantial  Weft  Country  Clothiers, 
who  were  not  in  Arms,  and  hanged  them,  by  way 
of  Reprifal  for  fome/r?/6  Rebels  that  had  been  exe- 
cuted according  to  the  Ordinance  of  Parliament.     In 
Ihort,  where-ever  they  came  they  lived  at  free  Quar- 
ter, and  took  but  every  Thing  they  could,  and  there- 
fore no  wonder  the  Club-Men  united  in  their  own 
Defence. 
viglt  of        Xhe  King  thought  to  have  reach'd  London  before 
Newbury,  j-j^g  Parliament  could  recruit  their  Armv,  but  the 
two  Houfes  fent  immediately  fix  Thoufand  Arms, 
and  a  Train  of  Artillery   to    Portfmoutb,    with   new 
Clothing  for  the  Cornijh  Soldiers.     They  ordered  Sir 
PFilliam  Waller  and    the  Earl  of   Mancbefter  to  join 
them,  and  difpatched  thither  five  Thoufand  of  the  City 
Train  Bands,  under  the  Command  of  Sir  ^james  Har- 
rington^ by  which  Accefiion  they  were  enabied  to  face 
his  Majefty's  Army  2x'Ne'-jjhur^^  Ociob.  27.  and  having 
forced  the  Town,  which  the  King  had  fortified,  after 
a   fmart  Battle  they  took  nine  of   his  Cannon  and 
leveral  Colours,  but  under  covert  of  the  Night  his 
Majefty  fecured  the  refl  of  his  Artillery  in  Denning/on 
Cafiley  and  marched  off  with  his  broken  Army  to  Ox- 
ford i  the  Parliament  Generals  left  a  Body  of  Troop'-. 

to 


Chap.  III.     o/*/^^  Pur  I  TANS.  in 

to  block  up  the  Caftle,  being  aflfurcd  it  muft  furrender     Khg 
in  the  Winter  for  want  of  Provifion  •,  but  on  a  fudden^^^''^"  ^* 
a  Party  of  the  King's  Horfe  raifed  the  Blockade,  and^^^jf^ 
carried  off  the  Anillery  to  Oxford.     This  occafioned^^^^' 
great  Murmurings  at  London,  and  Quarrels  among 
the  Generals,  EJJex,  Manchefter,  and  Croni'wel,  which 
ended  in  the  new  Modelling  of  the  Arrt-jy,  as  will  be 
feen  under  the  next  Year. 

As  the  royal  Army  was  little  better  than  a  Qom-C''':^raBer 
pany  o^  Banditti,  or  publick  Robbers;  the  Parlia-'J''^*  ^'^'^ 
ment*swere  kept  under  the  ftridtefl:  Difcipliiie,  and^^^y"* 
grew  up,  for  the  moft  part,  into  great  Diligence  and  vd.  iir 
Sobriety,  which  (fays  Lord  Clarendon)  begot  Cou- 0,584/ 
rage  and  Refolution  in  them,  and  notable  Dexterity 
in  Atchievements  and  Exercifes.     Moft  of  their  Offi- 
cers were   Men    of  Religion  -,    their    Soldiers  were 
poflTcfs'd  with  the  Belief,    that  their  Caufe  was  the 
Caufe  of  God,  and  that  they  fought  for  the  Protejlani 
Religion,    and  Magna  Charta  ;    but  (till  there  were 
among  them  Men  of  diflblute  Lives,  who  fought  for 
nothing   but  Pay  and   Plunder  ;  flrange  Complaints 
were  fent  up  from  BedfordJInre,  Buckingham  (hire,  and 
Sujfex,    of  the  Diforders  of  the  common   Soldiers, 
whereupon  the  Parliament  appointed  a  Committee  ro 
enquire  into  the  Fad:s,  and   make  Exam^es  of  the 
Offenders,  which  put  an  efieftual  Stop  to  the  grow- 
ing Mifchief.     And  as  the  Parliament  were  enabled, 
by  the  inexhauftible  Treafure  of  the  City  o{  London, 
to  give   their  Soldiers   regular  Pay,  they  had  rhem 
under  fuch  ftridt  Governm.ent  that  they  were  little  or 
no  Burden  to  the  Towns  and  Villages  where  they 
quartered. 

Upon  the  whole,  though   the  Parliament  A^^u^stateofAf- 
were  low  at  the  End  of  the  Year,  ?ind  their  Counfcis'^'^"'''*"/* 
divided,  by  reafon  of  the  Length  of  the  War,  ihe^^"J^.f 
King's  were  much  worfe  ;    for  though  he  had  tri- 
umph'd  over  the  Earl  of  EJJcx  in  Ccrn'-juail,  and  was 
Mafter  of  the  open  Country  in  the  Weft,  he  had  no 
Acceflion  of  fGal  Strength,  nor  had  taken  any  con- 

fiJerablc 


ri2  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

iihg    fiderable  Garrifons :  The  Entrance  of  the  Scots  broke 
Charles  I.  j^jg  Army  in  the  North,  and  loft  him  that  part  of  the 
vJk^^  Kingdom,  whereby  the  Parliament  were  enabled  to 
■^^^^  draw  off  their  Forces  to  the  fFeJi  -,  but  the  worft 
Circumftance  of  all  was,    that  his  Majefty  had  ex- 
haufted  all  his  Treafure,  and  had  no  way  of  Raifing 
a  Supply,  which  obliged  him  to  connive  at  his  Sol- 
Clar.        diers  living  at  free  Quarter  ;  his  Officers  being  poor^ 
Vol.  II.     quarrel'd  in  the  royal  Prefence,  and  carried  their 
P-SSpj     Refentments  to  fuch  an  height,  that  the  King  him- 
'^^'*        felf  could  not  reconcile  them,    which  had  but  an  ill 
I  Afpe(5t  upon  the  following  Campaign.     The  Parlia- 

ment Generals  alfo  were  cenfuring  each  others  Con- 
du6t  in  theHoufe,  on  Occafion  of  the  Efcape  of  the 
King's  Artillery  from  Dennington  Cajlle.  The  Earl 
of  EJfex*s  Party  were  charg'd  with  a  Defign  to  pro- 
1  tra6t    the  War,    in   order  to   an  Accommodation, 

'  while  others  being  weary,  were  for  putting  it  to  a 

decilive  IfTue.  In  fhort,  both  Parties  were  in  Confu- 
fion  and  Diftrefs ;  they  were  divided  in  their  Judg- 
ments, fome  being  for  Peace,  and  others  for  carry- 
ing on  the  War  to  the  laft  Extremity.  Ail  Proper- 
ty was  in  a  manner  loft,  the  Farmers  paid  no  Rent 
to  their  Landlords ;  nor  could  any  Man  be  fecure  of 
his  Property  except  he  buried  it  under  Ground.  The 
Spirits  of  the  contending  Parties  were  as  much  exafpe- 
rated  as  ever,  and  there  was  no  feeing  to  the  End  of 
thefe  Troubles. 
Affairs  of  To  return  to  the  Church  •>  the  State  of  the  Contro- 
the  chunk  y^^fy  about  Ecclefiaftical  Difcipline  was  now  changed, 
for  whereas  before  the  Entrance  of  the  Scots  the  Par- 
liament infifted  only  upon  a  Reformation  of  the  Hierar- 
chy, now  they  were  obliged  to  attempt  the  total  Ex- 
tirpation of  it,  and  to  eftablifli  another  Scheme  for 
both  Kingdoms  in  its  room  ;  but  it  was  a  confi- 
derable  Time  before  this  could  be  perfected.  In 
the  mean  while,  they  refolved  to  purge  the  Univer- 
fity  of  Cambridge,  which  was  the  Head  Quarters  of 
their  Forces,  that  they  might  have  a  Succeffion  of 

Clergy. 


Chap.  III.      of  f  be  Pu  Kit  AiJS.  113 

Clergymen  training  up  in   the  Principles  they  had     K'ng 
efpoulrd.  Charier. 

Tht  Town  of  Cambridge  was  in  the  Intereft  of  the  yj^^ij^^ 
Parliament,  but  the  Colleges  were  fo  many  little  Gar- 5^/;^^,^^ 
rifons  for  the  King,  and  Sanftuaries  of  Difaffedion  ;  of/fceum-; 
the  Univerfity  Prefs  was  at  his  Majefty's  DifpofaU^'^^'y^O"'/ 
and  their  Sermons  were  filled  with Invedivesagainft  the  j^^'J^J"^^ 
two  Houfes.     Frequent  Quarrels  happened  between  g^jj-'^^j^j.^ 
the  Townfmen  and  Scholars,  which  would  have  end-gy^'p^^g, 
cd  in  the  Ruin  of  the  Univerfity,  had  not  the  Parlia- 
ment forbid  the  offering  any  Violence  to  the  Colleges, 
Chapels,  Libraries  and  Schools,  under  fevere  Penal- 
ties.   Indeed  the  Co?nmiltee  enjoyned  the  proper  Offi- 
cers of  the  Parifh  to  put  in  execution,  the  Ordinance 
for  deftroying  the  Relicks  of  Superftition,  whereby 
the  Paintings  .in  Windows,  Images  of  the  Deity,  and 
a  great  deal  of  carved  Work  was  demolifhed,    atSufF.  Cleri 
which  the  Maflers  and  Fellows  were  fo  incenfed,  that  P-  m» 
when  they  were  ordered  to  repair  the  Damages  they 
peremptorily  refufed,  and  were  fined  forty  Shillings 
a  College,  as  the  Ordinance  direded. 

The  Heads  of  the  Univerfity  raifed  a  great  Cla- 
mour at  this  pretended  Invafion  of  their  Rights, 
as  if  the  Parliament  intended  to  feize  all  their  Reve- 
nues, and  deflroy  the  very  Fountains  of  Learning ; 
whereupon  the  Houfes  publifhed  the  following  Ordi- 
nance, Jan.  6.  164^.  declaring,  "  Thar  none  of  the  Husb.  Col. 
«'  Eftates,  Rents,  and  Revenues  of  the  Univerfity,?' ^^S** 
•'  or  of  the  Colleges  and  Halls  refpeftively,  fhall  be 
*'  fequefter'd  or  feized  upon,  or  in  any  wife  difpofed 
**  of,  by  virtue  of  the  Ordinance  for  fequeftring  the 
'*  Eftates,  Rents,  and  Revenues  of  Delinquents,  but 
*'  fhall  remain  to  the  Univerfity,  and  the  refpeftive 
**  Halls  and  Colleges,  to  all  Intents  and  Purpofes  as 
"  if  the  faid  Ordinance  had  not  been  made  i  and 
*'  the  Rents  and  Revenues,  ^c.  are  ordered  to  be 
"  paid  to  the  ufual  Receivers  or  Treafurers,  being 
"  approved  of  by  the  Earl  of  Manchefter^  and  to 
"  be  applied  to  their  proper  Ufes  as  heretofore.     But 

Vol.  III.  I  «  if 


114  ^y^d"  HISTORY         Vol.m. 

Kwg  <«  if  any  of  the  Headsy  Fellows,  Scholars,  or  other 
Oiarlcs  1.14  Officers,  were  con vifled  of  Delinquency,  the  Re- 
^^J«J^- ''  ceiver  was  to  pay  their  Dividend  into  the  Hands  of 

*'  the  Commitceeof  Sequeitrations." 

Cam-    ^       This  Committee  was  founded  upon  an  Ordinance 

fttattoJ^' ^^  7^«.  22.  for  regulating  the  Univerfity  of  Cam- 

crdina'nce  ^'^^^^^y  ^^^  removing  fcandalous  Minifters  in  the  fe- 

fortbeCom-^^^  aflociated   Counties;    the  Preamble  fets  forth, 

mitteeof   "  That  the  Service  of  the  Parliament  was  retarded, 

ss^ue[ira^  "  the  People's  Souls  flarved,  by  the  idle,  ill-afted- 

H  \        '-'  ed,  and  fcandalous  Clergy  of  the  Univerfity  of 

us  .    o.t<  Cambridge,  and  the  a iTociated  Counties ;  and  that 

**^  many  who  were  willing  to  give  Evidence  againll 

"  them  not  being  able  to  bear  the  Charges  of  a  Jour- 

"  ney  to  London,    the  Earl  of  Manchefter  was  there- 

"  fore  empowered  to  appoint  Committees  in  all  the 

"  aflociated  Counties,  to  confift  of  ten  Perfons,  be- 

*'  ing  Deputy-Lieutenants,  or  fuch  as  had  been  no- 

**  minated  to  Committees  by  fome  former  Ordinance 

*'^  of  Parliament  ;  F/i^i?  of  thefe  were  z.  Riorum,  and 

"  they  were  empowered  to  call  before  them  all  Pro- 

*'  vofls,  Mafters  and  Fellows  of  Colleges,  all  Stu- 

"  dents  and  Members  of  the  Univerfity,  all  Mini- 

"  fters  in  any  of  the  Counties  of  the  Aflbciation,  all 

"  School- Mafters,  that  ivere  fcandalous  m  their  Lives ^ 

"  or  ill-affeofed  to  the  Parliament,  or  Fomenters  of  this 

*'  unnatural  War,  or  that  Jloall  wilfully  refufe  Obedience 

*''  to  the  Orders  of  Parliament,  or  that  have  dejerted  their 

*«  ordinary  Places  of  Refidence,  not  being  employed  in  the 

"  Service  of  the  King  and  Parliament.     The  faid  Com- 

"  mittees  were  alio  empowered  to  fend  for  Witnefles, 

"  and  to  examine  any  Complaints  againft  the  fore- 

"  mentioned  Delinquents  upon  Oath,  and  to  certify 

"  the  Names  of  the  Perfons  accufed  to  the  Earl  of 

"  Manchejler,  with  the  Charge  and  Proof,  who  fhall 

"  have  Power  to  eje61:  fuch  as  he  fliall  judge  unfit 

"  for  their  Places ;  to  fequefter  their  Eftates,  Means, 

'*  and  Revenues,  and  to  difpofe  of  them  as  he  fhall 

"  think  fir,  and  place  ocheis  in  their  room,  being 

«  firlt 


Chap.  III.      of  fbe  Fur  IT  AN  s.  115 

*'  firft  approved  by  the  Aflembly  of  Divines  fitting     ^^fg 
«*  zi  Wejlminjler.     He  had  alfo   I'ower  to  order  che^^^^^^"  ^• 
"  Covenant  to  be  adminifter'd  where  he  thought  fie,  ,^^s^^ 
**  and  to  afiign  the  Fifths  of  fequefter'd  Eftates  for 
''  the  Benefit  of  their  Wives  and  Children."     The 
Ordinance  makes  no  mention  of  the  Dod:rine  or  Difci- 
plineoftheChurch,butfeems  to  be  levell'donly  againlt 
ihofe  who  took  part  wich  the  King  in  the  War. 

The  "EdirXoi  Manchejler,  who  was  at  the  Head  o^^^'.^J''^^ 
thefe  Sequeftrations,  was  in  the  Life  time  of  his  ^^-"Ii^^Iyik- 
ther.  Lord  KimhoUon,  and  one  of  the  impe  iched  Mem-iter. 
hers  of  the  Houfe  q\  Commons :    Lord  Clarendon  ob- 


ferves,   that  **  he  was  of  a  eenteel  and  j2,enerous  Na-Clarend, 
*'  ture ;  that  his  natural  Civiiiry  and  good  Manners      *  ' 
flowed  to  all  Men,  and  that  he  was  never  ouilty  of  J','  ,     ', 


"  any  Rudenefs  even  to  thofe  whom  he  was  obliged  tO-  j^jj, 
*'  opprefs  *,  that  he  long  and  heartily  wifhed  for  the 
*«  Rertoration,  and  never  forfeited  that  Grace  and 
*'  Favour  to  which  his  Majefty  received  him  after  his 
«  Return."  The  Earl  repaired  in  Perfon  to  Cafn-^.^""^^'/ 
bridge  about  the  n^.iddle  of  Februarjy  with  his  two  J^^/"" 
Chaplains,  Mr.  y^j^  and  Mr.  Gcod,  and  by  his  War- g^^-  ^*j  • 
rant  of  the  24th  Inflant,  required  the  Heads  of  thefe- piU, 
veral  Colleges  and  Halls  10  fend  him  their  Scatu'es, 
with  the  Names  of  all  their  Members,  and  to  certify 
who  were  prefent,  and  who  abfent,  wich  the  exprefs 
Time  of  their  Difconcinuance.  Two  Days  after,  the 
Officers  of  each  College  and  Flail  were  ordered  to 
give  fpeedy  Advcrtifement  to  the  Mafters,  Fellows, 
Scholars,  &'c.  to  repair  to  Cambridge  by  the  loth  of 
March,  in  order  to  anfwer  fuch  Enquiries  as  fhould 
be  made  by  himfelf  or  by  his  Commiflioners.  But 
the  Earl  being  informed,  that  this  Notice  was  too 
fhort,  the  Time  was  prolonged  to  the  3d  of  Aprily 
when  the  Earl  fummoned  Mr.  'Tunjlal  and  Mr.  Pal- 
grave,  Fellows  o{  Corpus  Chrifti  College ^  to  appear  be- 
fore the  Commiflioners  at  the  Bear  Inn  in  Cambridge^ 
on  penalty  of  Ejedment.  Warrants  of  the  fame 
Nature  were  fcnt  to  feveral  of  the  Fellows  of  Caius^ 

I  z  Sr- 


Ii6  r/:;^  HISTORY  VolIII. 

-King     St.  yobn^,s,    ^leen^s,    Peter    Houfe,    Sidney,    Trinity^ 
Charles  l-Chrift's,  Magdalen,  and  J efus  Colleges -,    and  to  Pern- 
^,^r>^^i^  brook  and  Clare  Hall ;   who  not  appearing  according  to 
the  Summons,  were  by  a  Warrant  of  /Ipril  8.  ejefted, 
to  the  Number  of  Sixty  five.     The  Reafons  afTigned 
for  their  Expulfion  were,  Non-Refidence,  and  not  re- 
turning  upon  due  Summons,   and  federal  other  political 
^nPi.Ocv.Mifdemearion.     If  the  Parties  ejeded  returned  afcer 
P-  15 1}     this,  they  were  required  not  to  continue  in  the  Uni- 
verfity  above  three  Days,  on  Pain  of  Imprifonment, 
and  Confifcation  of  Goods;    their  Names  were  put 
out  of  the  Butteries,  and  the  Profits  of  their  Places  re- 
ferved  for  their  SuccefTors.     Not  one  Fellow  or  Stu- 
dent in- Trinity  Hal!,    or  Katherine  Hall,  was   turned 
our,   but  all  ^(een\  College  wa.s  evacuated. 
Covenant       The  Covenant,  which   was  read  Alarch  18.   in  the 
"^'J^l'J^'^^^ffChurches  and  Chapels  of  the  Town  and  Univerfity, 
vniverftiy.^^''^  tendcf'd  to  the  Inhabitants  and  Soldiers,  was  not 
Introd.     offer'd  to  the  whole  Univerfity,  but  only  to  fuch  of 
Suff.  Cler.whofe  Difaffection  they  had  fufficient  Proof.     Arch- 
p.  113.      h'lihop  Tillolfon  fays,  thegreatelt  part  of  the  Fellows  of 
King*s,  College  were  exempted,  by  the  Interefi  of  Dr. 
JVitchcott ;  and  nodoubt,  others  that  had  behaved  peace- 
ably obtained  the  fam.e  Favour.     Dr.  Barwick,  Au- 
thor of  the  ^erela  Cantabrigienfis,  a  famous  Loyalift, 
mentions  an  Oath  of  Difcovery  for  the  Univerfity,  like 
that  of  the  Oath  ^.vOy$^c/<?  j  but  Mr.  Fuller,  the  Hifto- 
rian,  about  the  Year  1653.  having  requefted  an  Ac- 
count of  this  Oath  from  Mr.  JJbe  the  Eari*s  Chap- 
lain,  he  returned  for  Anfwer,  that  he  remem.ber'd 
Appeal,     no  fuch  Thing.     Mr.  Fuller  adds,  That  he  is  upon 
P-  7^-      juft  Grounds  daily  confirmed  in  his  Confidence,  that 
neither  the  Earl  o\ Manchejler,  nor  any  under  him  by 
his  Command  or  Content,  enforced  iuch  an  Oath. 
}<:i,mhers        The  whole  Number  of  Graduates  expell'd  the  Uni- 
ejfded.      verfity  in  this  and  the  following  Year,  by  the  Earl  of 
Innod.      Manchejler   and   his   CommiiTioners,    including  Ma- 
j"    '^    ilers  and  Fellows  of  Colleges,  were,    according  to 
\)r.  Walker^  near  two  Hundred,  befides  inferior  Scho- 
lars, 


Chap.  III.       o/'  /Z)^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  117 

lars,  which  was  fomcthing  more  than  one  half-,  for     Ki?ig 
the  fame  Author  cells  us  in  another  Place,   there  were  C^^''^'-'^  ^• 
about  three  llundrcd  fifty  five  Fcllowfhips  in  the  fe-  v..^r>/!40 
veral  Houles  of  the  Univerfity  ;  above  one  Hundrcdsuff.  clcr, 
and  fifty   therefore  kept  their  Places,    and  far  chep.  163. 
greareft  part  of  the  reft  had  deferted  their  Stations 
and  fled  to  the  King.     There  were  fix  Heads  of  Col- 
leges out  of  fixteen   that  complied,  (viz.)  Dr.  Bain- 
hrigge^  of  Cbri/i^s  College,    Dr.  Edef?,  of  Trimly  Hally 
Dr.  Richard  Love,  of  Beunet  College,    Dr.  Brcivnrigge^ 
of  Katharine  Hall,  ejected  in  the  Year  1645.  Dr.  Bach- 
croft,  ol"  Cains  College,  and  Dr.  Rainbow  of  Magdaleit 
College.     The  Ten  that  were  ejetfted  by  the  Earl  of 
Majichejler,  March  13.  or  fome  little  Time  after,  with 
the  Names  of  their  Succeflbrs,  are  contained  in  the 
following  TablQ. 


Mafters  turned  out. 


Dr.  Jn.  Cofins,/row 
Dr.  Tho.  Pafk, 
Dr.  Benj.  Laney, 
Dr.  Sam.  Collins, 
Dr.  Edw.  Martin, 
Dr.  Rich.  Stern, 
Dr.William  Beale, 
Dr.  Tho.  Comber, 
Dr.R.Holdfworth, 
Dr.  Samuel  Ward, 
Anno  1645.      ) 
Dr.RalphBrown-> 


Colleges. 

Peter  Houfe 
Clare  Hall 
Pembrook  Hall 
Kin^s  College 
^ieen*s  College 
Jefus  College 
Sx.  John^s  Coll. 
Trinity  Hall 
Eman.  College 
Sidney  College 

Kath.Hall 


Succeeded  by 

Dr.Laz.  Seaman, 
Dr.  R.  Cud  worth, 
Mr.  Rich.  Vines, 
Dr.Ben.Witchcotr, 
Mr.  Herb.  Palmer, 
Dr.  T.  Young, 
Dr.  J.  Arrowfmith, 
Dr.  Tho.  Hill, 
Dr.  Anr.Tuckney, 
Dr.Rich.  Minfhull, 
t  Dr.  W;  Spurftow, 
/  and -afterwards, 
^Dr.  Lightfooc. 


It  has  been  objected  to   the  Proceedings  of  the  •'^^'t/^'^- 
Gommiflioners,  that  they  were  not  according  to  thc^.^^^^-^f^  "^ 
Statutes  of  the  Univerfity  ;  to  which  it  was  replied, 
That  the  Nation  was  in  a  State  of  War  ;.thac  thefe 
Gentlemen  were  declared  Enemies  to  the  Proceedings    .„ 
of  Parliament-,    *'  They   infiilled   into   their  Pupils (-!..,'|^ 

I  3  .."  a^^ysp^ijo. 


m8  rhe  HISTORY         VoI.IIL 

ch^T     *'  (fays  Fuller)  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  refifting  the  King 
1644  '*'  "P°"  ^"y  Pretence  whatfoever,"  and  preached  up- 
\yr\^  on  thefe  Subjefts  to  the  People.     It  was  therefore  ne^ 
ceffary  to  take  the  Education  of  the  Youth  out  of 
their  Hands,    which  could   not   be  done  any  other 
way  at  prefent.-,  but  in  all  future  Eleftions  they  re- 
Walker's  turned  10  the  Statutes  — ■    It  has  been  faid  further. 
Attempt,  ^Y,u  jf  ^^s  a  great  Lofs  to  Learning,  becaufe  thofe 
who  fucceeded  were  not   equal  to  thofe  who  were 
eje(5led.     If  this  had  been  true,  'tis  nofufficienc  Rea- 
fon  for  keeping  them  in  their  Places,  in  a  Time  of  V/ar, 
when  the  Conftitution  and  Liberties  of  their  Country- 
were  at  ftake.     But  the  befl  Way  of  determining  this 
Fad  is  by  comparing  the  Charaders  of  both. 

charaB:ri  p^.  CosiNs  had  bccn  fequefler'd  by  the  Parlia- 
ed  Prefer-' ^^^^  in  the  Year  1640.  for  his  high  Principles,  and 
forj.  was  retired  to  France,  where  he  continued  till  the 
Suff.  cier.  Reftoration,  and  was  then  prefert'd  to  the  rich  Bi- 
p.  68.  fhoprick  of  D5<r/^^w ;  He  was  a  learned  Man,  of  an 
open,  frank,  and  generous  Temper,  and  well  ver fed 
in  the  Canons,  Councils  and  Fathers, 

Dr.  Paske  lived  peaceably  and  cheatfully  under 
lb.  pi/j-i.^he  Parliament,  and  was  reftored  to  all  his  Livings 
at  the  Rcftoration,  except  the  Mafterfhip  of  this 
CoUege,  which  he  quitted  to  his  Son.  The  ^erela 
Cantab,  fays,  he  was  eminent  for  Learning  ;  but  I 
don't  remember  that  he  has  given  any  Specimens  of 
it  to  the  World.  .>,'-'  . 

Pr.  Laney  was  firft  Chaplain  to  Dr.  Neil,  and  af- 

Tb.  p.  x^3- terwards  Prebendary  of  JVejlminJier  ;    he  was  one  of 

Caiamy's  the  King's  Divines  at  the  Treaty  of  Uxbridge,  and  at- 

AbnJg.     tended  upon  King  C/^^r/f j- II.  in  his  Exile  i  after  the 

^'  ^^^'     Reftoration  he  was  fucGeflivcly  Bifhop  of  Peterborough, 

Lincoln,  and  Ely,  and  was  more  favourable  to  the  Non- 

Conformiffs  than  fome  of  his  Brethren.    Fie  has  fome 

Sermons  extant,  and  a  fmall  TreatifeagainftH^^^^J. 

Dr.  Collins  was  Regius  Profelfor,    Provoft  of 
Kin^s  College,  and  Redor  of  Fenn^  Dilton ;  of  which 

laft 


Chap. III.      of  the  Pv  Tt,  I  TANS.'  119 

Jaft  he  was  deprived  by  the  Earl  of  Manchejlcf\  for     xi;j^ 
his  fteady  Adherence  10  the  royal  Caule.     He  kept^^^^'"-^  ^• 
his  Provollfliip  till  the  Year  1^5.  and  his  Profellor-  ^J~ti^ 
Jliip  much  longer.     He  died  'in  tne  Year  1651.  and  ,n[y.  ckr. 
had  the  Reputation  of  a  great  Scholar  (fays  Dr.  Bar-^.  ijo. 
wzVi')  and  his  Name  was  famous  in  foreign  Univer- 
fitics,  though  he  has  tranfmitted  very  little  down  to 
Pofterity. 

Dr.  Martin  was  one  of  Archbilhop  Laud's  Chap- 
Jains,  and  is  one  of  Mr.  IVhite's  fcandalous  Minifters  -, 
he  was  accufed  not  only  of  prac^lifing  the  late  Innova- 
tions, and  of  being  in  the  Scheme  of  reconciling  the 
Church  of  £«^/(7«(i  with  Rome  ;  but  of  ftealing  Wheac 
Sheaves  out  of  the  Field  in  Harveft  on  the  Sabbath 
Day,  and  laying  them  to  his  Tithe  Stock,  He  was 
very  high  in  his  Principles,  and  was  imprifoned  for 
fending  the  Univerfity  Plate  to  the  King.  After  his 
Enlargement  he  retired  lo-France^  and  at  the  Refto- 
ration  was  preferr'd  to  the  Deanry  of  Ely.  Loyd  hy& 
he  was  a  godly  Man,  and  excellently  well  fkilled  in 
the  Canon,  Civil,  and  Common  Law  *,  but  Mr. 
Fryrine  gives  him  but  a  very  indiflerent  Charadler  ; 
and  Bifhop  Rennet  acknowledges  his  Principles  were  Ken.  Chr. 
rigid,  and  his  Temper  four.  P*  670. 

Dr.  Stern  was  another  of  Archbifhop  Laud*s 
Chaplains,  and  was  imprifoned  for  the  fame  Reafon 
as  the  former.  He  afterwards  affifted  the  Archbi- 
ihop  on  the  Scaffold,  and  lived  retired  till  the  Refto- 
ration,  when  he  was  made  Bifhop  of  CarliJIe,  and  in 
J664.  Archbifliop  of  2or/^.  He  had  a  fober,  honefl,  Sufi.  Ckr. 
mortified  Afpeft,  but  was  of  very  arbitrary  Princi-P*  H-'* 
pies,  and  a  very  uncharitable  Temper ;  for  when 
Mr.  Baxter,  at  the  Savoy  Conference,  was  entreating 
the  Bifhops  not  to  caft  out  fo  many  Minifters  in  the 
Nation,  he  made  this  mean  Remark  to  his  Brethren, 
that  Mr.  Baxter  would  not  ufe  the  Word  Kingdom 
left  he  fhould  own  a  King. 

Dr.  Bealp  was  alfo   imprifoned  for  fending  the 
Univerftry   PJate  to  the  King  i    after  his  Enhuge- 

J  4  menc 


I20  fTy^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y        Vol. Ill, 

King  ment  he  retired  to  Oxford,  and  was  one  of  the  Preach- 
Charlcs  I  gj.3  before  the  Court,  but  upon  the  declining  of  the 
^J-^t^  King's  Caufe  he  retired  to  Madrid,  where  he  died 
Suff.  cier. about  the  Year  1651.  He  was  a  Man  of  very  high 
p.  148.  Principles ;  but  if  we  may  believe  the  ^erela,  a 
Perfon  of  fuch  Worth,  as  rendered  him  above  the 
reach  of  Commendation. 

Dr.  Comber  was  another  of  the  King's  Chaplains, 
but  was  imprifoned  and  deprived,  for  fending  the 
Univerfity  Plate  to  the  King  ;  after  his  Enlargement 
he  lived  privately  till  the  Year  1653.  when  he  died  j 
he  was  a  learned  Man,  and  of  great  Piety  and  Cha- 
rity. 

Dr.  HoLDswoRTH  had  been  a  celebrated  Preacher 
in  the  City  oi London,  and  Divinity  Reader  in  Grejham 
College;  he  was  afterwards  chofen  Mailer  oi Emanuel 
College  Cambridge,  and  was  a  zealous  Advocate  for 
the  King,  for  which  he  was  fometimes  under  Con- 
finement. He  attended  his  Majefty  at  Hampten-Court 
and  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  but  foon  after  died  with  Grief. 
He  was  a  pious  and  charitable  Man,  but  high  in  his 
Principles,  and  of  an  hafly  and  paflionate  Temper. 
Hepublifhed  but  one  Sermon  in  his  Life-time,  but 
after  his  Death  his  Friends  publilhed  his  Pr(xle5iioneSy 
and  a  Volume  of  Sermons. 

Dr.  Ward  was  one  of  the  Englifh  Divines  at  the 
Synod  of  Dort,  and  nominated  of  the  Committee  of 
Divines  that  fat  in  theJerufalem^Chamber,  and  of  the 
Affembly  at  Wejlminjier,  tho'  he  never  fat ;  he  was  a 
very  learned  Man,  and  died  foon  after  his  Ejeft- 
menr. 

Dr.  Brownrigge  was  inftalled  Bifhop  of  Exeter^ 
1642.  and  deprived  of  his  Maflerfhip  in  the  Year 
1645.  for  fome  ExprefTions  in  his  Sermon  upon  the 
King's  Inauguration.  He  was  an  excellent  Man, 
and  of  a  peaceable  and  quiet  Difpofnion  ;  after  the 
War  he  was  allowed  the  Liberty  of  the  Pulpit,  and 
was  chofen  Maflier  of  the  Temple,  where  he  died  about 
the  Year  1659. 

Far 


Chap. III.      of  the  Vu-R  IT  AiJ  si  121 

Far  be  it  from  me  to  detra<ft  from  the  perfonal     King 
Merits  of  any  of  thefe  Sufferers  ;  or  from  their  Rank^''^''^"  I. 
in  the  Commonwealth  of  Learning  ;  but  their  polici-  lif 'JiJ*. 
cal  Principles,  like  thofe  of  Archbidiop  Laud,  vfQre^^^ 
certainly  inconfiilent  with  the  Conftitucion  and  Liber- 
ties of  England^  and  expofed  them  very  juftly  to  the 
Refcntments  of  the  Parliament  in    ihcfe  boifterous 
Times, 

Thofe  who  fucceeded  the  eje(5led  Maflers,  having 
been  firft  examined,  and  approved  by  theAffembJy 
of  Divines  at /^f/?««'«y?(fr,  were  thefe  ; 

Dr.  Lazarus  Seaman,  a  veryrccnfiderable  "Di' Ana  of  their 
vine,  according  to  Mr.  Wood,  a  compleat  Mailer  of^""^J[P>rs. 
the  oriental  Languages,    an  excellent  Cafuifl,  and  a^J^^y** 
judicious  moving  Preacher.    He  was  well  verfed  inyj'jp 
the  Controverfy  of  Church  Government,  which  made„  i^/ 
the  Parliament  fend  him  with  their  Commiffioners  to 
The  Ifle  of  Wight^  where  his  Majefty  was  pleafed  to 
take  particular    Notice    of   his  Abilities.     He  was 
ejeded  out  of  hJs  Mafterfhip  of  Peter  Houfe  in  1662. 
and  died  in  1667.     He  printed  feveral  Sermons,  and 
a  Vindication  of  the  Judgment  of  the  reformed  Churches 
concerning  Ordination. 

Dr.  Ralph  Cudworth  is  fo  univerfally  known 
in  the  learned  World,  for  his  great  Learning,  which 
hedifcovered  in  his  Jntelle^ual  Syjlem,  that  I  lliall  on- 
ly obferve,  he  conformed  at  the  Reftoration,  and  a 
little  before  refigned  his  Mafterfhip  of  Clare  Hall  into, 
the  Hands  of  Dr.  Dillingham,  who  continued  in  it  to 
his  Death. 

Dr.  Richard  Vines  was  a  very  learned  and  ex- 
cellent Divine,  a  popular  and  laborious  Preacher, 
one  of  the  Parliament  Divines  at  the  Treaty  of  the 
Ifle  of  Wight,  and  a  moft  induftrious  and  ufeflil  Man 
in  his  College.  He  was  turned  out  of  his  Mafterfhip 
for  refufing  the  Engagementy  and  died  before  the  Rct 
ftoration. 


i'2i    .  !r/&^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Tol. III. 

Kitis        Dr.  Benjamin  Witchcot  was  Fellow  of  Ema- 
Charles  I. ;i^;^..?  College,  and  upon  the  Ejedmenc  of  Dr.  Colims 
il!!^i^'  preferr*d  to  the  Mafterfliip  of  X"^»^'s  College,  in  which 
r"^/^  }jg  continued  till  the  Reftoration»   and  then  conform- 
ed.    The  Account  that  Archbifhop  Tillolfon  gives  of 
Til.w'<'»'^'Jjhim  is  this  ;  "  That  he  was  an  excellent  Tutor  and 
Vol  I.      t<  Inftruftor  of  Youth,  and  bred  up  many  Perfons  of 
P-  ^77-     cf,  Quality,  and  others,  who  afterwards  proved  ufe- 
"  ful  and  eminent ;  that  he  contributed  more  to  the 
"  forming  the  Students  to  a  fober  Senfe  of  Religion 
"  than  any  Man  of  that  Age.    He  never  took  the 
"  Covenant,  and  by  his  particular  Friendfhip  and  In- 
'*  tereft  with  fome  of  the  chief  Vifitors,  prevailed  to 
*'  have  the  greatefi  Part  of  the  Fellows  of  his  College 
^^>exempted  from  that  Impofition" 
CI.  Lives,     Mr.  Herbert  Palmer,  B.  D.    was  one  of  the 
p.  183.     Univerficy  Preachers  in  1632.  and  Clerk  in  Convo- 
cation for  the  Diocefe  of  Zfwo/;?,  at  the  beginning  of 
this  Parliament ;  he  was  one  of  the  Afleffors  ot  the 
Aflembly  of  Divines  ixiJVejtminJler,  and  on  April  11. 
1644.  conftitured  Mafler  of  ^een*s  College  by  the 
Earl  o^  Manchejler,     He  was  very  careful  to  appoint 
fuch  Perfons  for  Tutors  of  Youth  as  were  eminent  for 
Learning  and  Piety  ;  and  being  pofiefled  of  a  good 
paternal  Eftate  was  unbounded  in  his  Liberality.     He 
was  a  polite  Gentleman,  a  compleat  Mafter  of  the 
French  Language,  in  which  he  could  preach  as  well  as 
in  EngUfJj  ;  but  his  Conftiturion  being  infirm  he  died 
•'in  the  Year  1647.  when  he  was  but  Forty  feven  Years 
^f  Age.  •     -    .  . 

Dr.  T.  Young  was  an  eminent  Member  of  the  Af- 
p.  194.  fembly  of  Divines  (fays  Mr.  C/tfr/^<?)  a  Man  of  great 
Learning,  of  much  Prudence  and  Piety,  and  of  great 
Ability  and  Fidelity  in  the  Work  of  the  Miniftry. 
He  yas  a  Preacher  at  Dukeh  Place,  in  London,  from 
whence  he  was  preferred  to  the  Mafterfbip  of  Jefus 
College,  where  he  behaved  wirh  great  Prudence  and 
Piety,  till  he  wa»turn'd  out  for  rctufing  the  Engage- 
ment. FJe  was  one  of  the  Authors  of  the  PamphJet 
called  Smeth7n?}uus,  Pr. 


Chap.III.      of  the  PuRiTAtJ^l  123 

Dr.  JoHM   Arrowsmith   was   Fellow  oF  King*s     K^rtg 
Hally  and  of  an  unexceptionable  Charadler  fci  Learn^^^l''*^^  L 
jng  and  Piety,     He  was  an  acute  Dit'putant,  and  a  s^^^^lj 
judicior.s  Divine,  as  appears  by  his  Tallica  Sacra,  a       '^'^ 
3ook  of  great  Reputation  in  thofe  Times.     He  died 
before  the  Reftorarion, 

Dr.  Thomas  Hill  was  Fellow  of  Emanuel  College,  CI.  Livei, 
and  one  of  the  Aflembly  of  Divines  at  fVeJl?nmJicr.?'  ^3^« 
He  was  firft  conftituied  Matter  of  Emanuel,  and  af- 
terwards removed  to  Trinity  College^  where  he  em- 
ployed all  his  Zeal  in  the  Advancement  of  Know- 
ledge and  Virtue,  and  in  keeping  up  the  College 
Exercifes.  He  was  twice  Vice-Chancellor,  and  was 
as  folicitous  to  preferve  the  Honour  and  Privileges  of 
the  Univerfity  as  any  of  his  Predeceflbrs.  He  was  a 
zealous  C^/^'z;;^/'?,  and  after  about  ten  Years  Govern- 
ment of  his  College  died  in  the  Year  1653, 

Dr.  Antony  Tuckney  had  been  Vicar  of  Bojlon 
in  Lincoln/fjire,  from  whertce  he  was  called  up  to  fit  in 
the  AfTembly  of  Divines  at  Wejlminjler.  In  the  Year 
1645.  he  was  cohfticuted  Mafter  o^  Emanuel  College. 
In  1653.  he  was  chofen  Mafter  of  St.  J^-^^'s,  and  up-CaIamy*t 
on  the  Death  of  Dr.  Arrowfmitb  Regius  Profeflbr,  Abridg. 
which  Place  he  enjoyed  till  the  Reitoration,  when^'^^* 
King  Charles  II.  by  Letter  under  the  Hand  of  Secre- 
tary Nicolas,  ordered  him  to  refign,  promifing  him, 
in  Confideration  of  his  great  Pains  and  Diligence  in 
difcharge  of  his  Duty,  one  Hundred  Pounds  ^  J^nn. 
which  was  paid  by  hisSuccefTor  till  his  Death,  in  the 
Year  1671.  He  left  behind  him  the  Charaderof  a 
pious  and  learned  Man,  an  indefatigable  Student,  a 
candid  Difputanr,  and  a  zealous  Promoter  of  Truth 
and  Piety.  He  publifhed  fome  practical  Treatifes  in 
his  Life  j  and  his  Prcele^iones  Theologicce,  with  a  Vo- 
lume of  Sermons,  were  printed  after  his  Death. 

Dr.  Richard  Minshull  was  Fellow  o^ Sidney  Col- 
lege, and  upon  the  Death  of  Dr.  fVard  chofen  regular- 
ly, according  to  the  Statutes,  into  the  vacant  Mafter- 
ihip,  and  continued  therein  till  the  Reftoration,  when 

he 


124  r/j^  HI  S  T O R  Y  Vol. III. 

Ki»g  he  conformed,  and  was  confirmed  in  his  Place,  which 
Charles  l.^g  ^i\^^  ^jth  Reputation  to  his  Death. 
\^J^^i^  Dr.  William  Spurstow,  one  of  the  Affembly  of 
Calamy's  Divines,  and  one  of  the  Commifiioners  at  the  Savoy  in 
Abridg.  the  Year  1662.  he  was  a  Perfon  of  good  Learning, 
Vol.  II.  of  a  peaceable  and  quiet  Difpofition,  and  of  great 
p. 47 1.  Humility  and  Charity.  He  was  turn*d  out  of  his 
Mafterfhip  of  Katherine  Hall  for  refufing  the  En- 
gagement^    and  fuCceeded  by  the  famous 

Dr.  LiGHTFooT,  the  mofl  compleat  Matter  of 
oriental  Learning  of  his  Age;  the  Doftor  enjoyed 
this  Mafterfhip,  with  the  fequefter*d  Living  of  Much 
Munden,  given  him  by  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  till 
the  Reftoration,  when  he  would  have  refign*d  it 
back  into  the  Hands  of  Dr.  Spurjlcw^  but  he  declining 
it,  Lightfoot  conformed,  and  upon  his  Application  to 
the  King  was  confirmed  in  both  his  Preferments  tili 
his  Death.  His  Works  were  publifhed  by  Mr.  Strype 
in  two  Volumes  Folio. 

ftemarks.  If  it  fhould  be  granted,  that  the  new  ProfefTors 
were  not  at  firfl  fo  expert  in  the  Learning  of  the 
Schools  as  their  PredecelTors,  that  Defccfl  was  abun- 
dantly fupplied  by  their  Application  and  Diligence  in 
their  Places,  for  they  obferv*d  a  very  ftrid  and  fe- 
vere  Difcip'line  ;  the  Tutors  were  conftant  in  reading 
Ledures  not  only  in  Term-time^  but  out  of  it  5  the 
Pro^ors  and  other  Officers  had  a  fl:ri<fl:  Eye  over  the 
Students  to  keep  them  within  Bounds,  and  oblige 
them  to  be  prefent  at  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer. 
The  Lord's  Day  was  obferved  with  uncommon  Ri- 
gour; there  were  Sermons  and  Prayers  in  all  the 
-Churches  and  Chapels  both  Morning  and  Afternoon. 
Vice  arid  Profanenefs  were  banifhed,  inlbmuch,  that 
an  Oath  was  not  to  be  heard  within  the  Walls  of  the 
■Dniverfity  ;  and  if  it  may  be  fa  id  without  Offence, 
the  Colleges  never  appeared  more  like  Nurferies  of 
Vol.  V.  Religion  and  Virtue  than  at  this  Time.  T'he  noble 
P*  ^4-       Hiftorian  confefTcs,    the  Umverfity  q\  '  0>: ford  ?iO\ji- 

rifhed 


Chap.III.      of  the  VutLiTAi^s,  I25 

rifhed  as  much  in  Learning  and  learned  Men  at  the     King 
Reftoration,    as  before  the   Civil    Wars,    which   is  Charles  L 
equally  true  of  Cambridge.     And  it  ought  to  be  re- ^jfj^il/ 
member'd,  that  moft  of  the  great  Divines  and  Phi- ^^'^' 
Jofophers  who  fiourifhed  in  the  Reigns  of  King  Charles 
the  Second  and  King  JVilliam  the  Third,  owed  their 
Education  to  the  Tutors  of  thofe  Times,  for  whom 
they  always  retained  a  great  Veneration,  though  dif- 
placed  afterwards  for  Non-Conformity. 

Though  the  Form  of  inducing  the  new  Mafiersvovmofirt' 
was  not  according  to  the  Statutes  (as  has  been  ob-^"^"""/ 
ferved)  becaufe  of  the  Diftraftion  of  the  Times,  it^^^//^^ 
is  evident,  this  was  not  defigned  to  be  a  Precedent  for  ^%  q'^^.^ 
their  SuccelTors,  as  appears  by  the  Manner  of  their  p^  j'j^. 
Inveftiture,    which  was  this ;    Mr.  Lazarus  Seaman 
having  been  examined,  and  approved  by  the  AlTem- 
bly  of  Divines  at  Wejlminfter,  the  Earl  oi  Manchefter 
came  in  Perfon  into  the  Chapel  of  PeterHoufe^  April  1 1. 
and  did  there  declare,  and  publifh  Mr.  Lazarus  Sea' 
man  to  be  conftituted  Mafter  of  the  faid  Pefer  Houfe,  in 
the  Room  of  Dr.  Co/t?js,  late  Mafter,  but  juftly  and 
lawfully  ejeded  ;  requiring  Mr.  Seaman  to  take  upon 
him  that  Office,   putting  him  into  the  Matter's  Seat, 
and  delivering  to  him  the  Statutes  of  the  College  in 
token  of  his  Inveftiture,  flraitly  charging  the  Fel- 
lows, iyc.  to  acknowledge  and  yield   Obedience  to 
him,  notwithflanding  he  was  not  ele5ied,  nor  admilled  ac- 
cording to  the  ordinary  Courfe  prefcribed  by  the  faid  Sta- 
tutes in  this  Time  of  Diftra£iion  and  War^  there  being  a 
J^eceffity  of  reformings  as  well  the  Statutes  thetnfelves,  as 
the  Members  of  the  faid  Houfe.     The  Earl  then  gavelb.  p.  iic. 
him  an  Inftrumenc  under  his  Hand  and  Seal  to  the 
fame  Effed:,  and  adminifter'd  him  an  Oath  or  Pro- 
teftation,  which  he  took  in  the  following  Words, 

"   T  Do  folemnly  and  ferioufly  promife,  in  the  Pre-rZ*  oat\. 
"   X   ^"^"ce   of  Almighty  God,    the  Searcher  of  all 
"  Hearts,  that  during  the  Time  of  my  Continuance 
*'  in  this  Charge,  I  fliall   faithfully  labour  to  pro- 

*'  mote 


126  516^  HISTORY  Vol.IIt. 

Kipg  «  mote  Learning  and  Piety  in  my  felf,  the  Fellows, 
Charles  l-jt  Scholars,  and  Students,  that  do  or  fhall  belong  to 
\J^P^  "  the  faid  College,  agreeably  to  the  late  folemn,  na- 
"  tional  League  and  Covenant,  by  me  fworn  and  fub- 
**  fcribed,  with  refpedt  to  all  the  good  and  wholfome 
"  Statutes  of  the  faid  College,  and  of  the  Univer- 
*«  fity  correfpondent  to  the  faid  Covenant ;  and  by 
"  all  Means  to  procure  the  Good,  Welfare,  and  per- 
•*  fe£t  Reformation  both  of  the  College  and  Univer- 
*'  iity  fo  far  as  to  me  appertaineth.** 

The  other  Mafters  were  introduced  into  their  feve- 
Tal  Chairs  after  the  fame  folemn  Manner,  their  War- 
rants bearing  Date  the  nth,  i2tli,  or  13th  of  yf^nV; 
but  the  Claufe  of  the  Covenant  was  left  out  by  thofe 
that  did  not  take  it,  as  in  the  Cafe  of  Dr.  Wilchcot, 
and  others. 
'And  of  the  But  the  vacant  Fellowfliips  being  more  numerous 
Fellows,  ^grg  not  fo  quickly  filled,  though  the  Earl  took  the 
SufF.  Cler.j^Qfl-prQdenc  Method  in  that  Affair,  ior  April  10.  he 
^*  ^^'^'  direded  a  Paper  to  the  feveral  Colleges,  declaring,  that 
"  his  Purpofe  was  forthwith  to  fupply  the  vacant 
'*  Fellowfliips,  and  defiring,  that  if  there  were  any 
*'  in  the  refpe(5live  Colleges,  who  in  regard  of  De- 
«  gree.  Learning  and  Piety,  fliould  be  found  fit  for 
'*  fuch  Preferment,  they  would,  upon  Receipt  of 
"  that  Paper,  return  him  their  Names,  in  order  to 
"  their  being  examined  by  the  AffefnUy,  and  in  veiled 
*'  in  them."  The  Perfons  thus  examined  and  pre- 
fented,  were  conftituted  Fellows  by  Warrant  under 
the  Hand  and  Seal  of  the  Earl  of  Mancbejler,  to  the 
Heads  of  the  feveral  Colleges,  in  the  following 
Form. 

lb.  p.115."  TX7HEREAS  j^.  i?.  has  been  ejefted  out  of 
"  V  V  his  Fellowfliip  in  this  College  •,  and  where- 
*<  asC.D.  has  been  examined,  and  approved  by  the 
"  JJfembly  of  Divines y  thefc  are  therc-ibre  to  require 
*'  vou  to  receive  the  faid  C.  D.  as  Fellow  in  the  Room 
'  "  of 


Chap.  III.      of  the  Puritan  s.  127 

«  of  A.  B.  and  to  give  him  place,  according  to  his     King 

"  Seniority  in  the  Univerfuy,  in  Preference  to  all^^"'"^' 

'*  thofe  that  arCj  or    fhall  hereafter  be  put  in  by  ^^^^^ 
"  me." 

I  have  before  me  the  Names  of  Fifty  five  Perfons,M5.  penes 
who  after  they  bad  been  examined  by  the  Affembly^  were""^'- 
put  into  vacant  Fellowfhips  in  the  Compafs  of  the 
Year  1644.  and  within  fix  Months  more  aJl  the  Va- 
cancies were  in  a  manner  fupplied,  with  Men  of  ap- 
proved Learning  and  Piety. 

From  this  Time  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  enjoy- 
ed a  happy  Tranquillity,  Learning  revived.  Religion 
and  good  Manners  were  improved,  at  a  Time  when 
the  reft  of  the  Nation  was  in  Blood  and  Confufion. 
And  chough  this  Alteration  was  effedled  by  a  Mixture 
of  the  Civil  and  Military  Power,  yet  in  a  little  Time 
Things  reverted  to   their  former  Channel,  and  the 
Statutes  of  the  Univerfity  were  as  regularly  obferved 
as  ever.     Let  the  Reader  now  judge  of  the  Candor 
and  Impartiality  of  the  famous  Dr.  Barwicky  Author 
of  the  ^erela  Cantabrigienfis^  whofe  Words  are  thefe  : 
"  Thus  the  K?2ipperdollif7gs  of 'the  Age  reduced  a  glo- Querela," 
"  rious  and  renowned  Univerfity  almoft  to  a  meerPf^^-  P'*» 
"  Munjler^  and  did  more  in  lefs  than  three  Years,  than"''  ^"^'^ 
«  the  Apoftate  Julian  could  effed  in  his  Reign,  ('^^'-0  A^c^cm 'i* 
*'  broke    the  Heart-ftrings   of  Learning,    and    all     jj^/ 
<*  learned  Men,    and  thereby  luxated  all  the  Joints 
"  of  Chriftianity   in   this  Kingdom.     We    are    not 
*'  afraid  to  appeal  to  any  impartial  J^^'^ge,  Whether 
"  if  the  Goths  and  VcJidals^  or  even  the  Turks  them- 
"  felves,  had  over-run  this  Nation,  they  v;oujd  have 
"  more  inhumanly  abufed  a  flourifhing  Univerfity, ' 
"  than  thefe  pretended  Advancers  of  Religion  have 
"  done  ?  Having  thruft  out  one  of  the  Eyes  of  this 
"  Kingdom,    made    Eloquence    dumb,    Philofophy 
"  fottifti ;    widdowed    the  Arts,    drove  the    Mufes 
*'  from  their  ancient  Habitation,  plucked  the  Reve- 
"  rend  and  Orthodox  ProfefTors  out  of  the  Chairs, 

«'  and 


128  5"y&^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

King    "  and  filenced  them  in  Prifon  or  their  Graves;  turn*d 

Charles  I.tc  Religion  into  Rebellion  ;  changed  the  Apoftolical 

^^^^44j«  Chair  into  a  Defk  forBlafpheray  j  tore  the  Gar- 

"  land  from  off  the  Head  of  Learning  to  place  it  on 

"  the  dull  Brows  of  difloyal  Ignorance,  and  unhived 

"  thofe  numerous  Swarms  of  labouring  Bees,  v^hich 

«  ufed  to  drop  Honey-dews  over  all  this  Kingdom, 

"  to  place  in  their  room  Swarms  of  fenfelefs  Drones." 

Such  was  the  Rant  of  this  Reverend  Clergyman  ',  and 

fuch  the  Language  and  Spirit  of  the  ejefted  Loyalifts ! 

Commttiee      While  the  Earl  was  fecuring  the  tJniverfity  to  the 

/iw/i-dfwrf/^- Parliament  he  appointed  Commiflioners  for  removing 

Ims  -^^^"^"fcandaiousMinifters  in  the  feven  afTociated  Counties, 

^^^ '        empowering  them  to  ad  by  the  following  Warrant. 

March  15. 

£.<./Man-"  TJ  Y  virtue  of  an  Ordinance  of  both  Houfes  of 

cheikr's    cs  £j  Parliament^  bearing  Date  Jan,  22.   164^.  I 

^^7^u*r-  "  ^^  authorize  and  appoint  yeu  ■«,  or  any  five 

'i^gtbem  "  of  you,  to  Call  before  you  all  Minillers  or  School- 

to  aB.      "  Mailers  within  the  Counties  of ,  that  are  jcan- 

Suff.  Cler. "  dalous  in  their  Lives,  or  ill-affe^fed  to  the  Parliament j 

p.  117.     «  or  Fomenters  of  this  unnatural  War ;  or  that  Jh all  "doiU 
'*  ful^  refuse  Obedience  to  the  Ordinances  of  Parliament ; 

"  or  that  have  deferted  their  ordinary  Places  of  Refidence^ 

•'  not  being  employed  in  the  Service  of  the  King  and  Par^ 

"  liament,  with  full  Power  and  Liberty  to  fend  for 

•  "  any  WitnefTes,  and  to  examine  Complaints  upon 
*'  Oath.  And  you  are  to  certify  the  Names  of  fuch 
«  Minillers,  with  the  Charge  and  Proof  againll  them 
«  to  me." 

♦  It  is  to  be  obfcrved,  that  the  Warrant  is  pointed 
only  againft  thofe  who  were  immoral^  or  difaffe5ied 
to  the  Parliament^  or  had  deferted  their  Cures ;  and 
was  accompanied  with  Injlru^ions^  and  a  Letter^  ex- 
horting them  to  the  faithful  and  effedual  Dif- 
qharge  of  their  Truft.  The  Inftrudions  were  to 
this  Effect. 

Pirfl,- 


Chap.III.      0/ //^^  Pir  Ri  TANS.  129 

Firjl,  '*  That  they  fhould  be  fpeedy  and  efreftual     xw^ 
**  in  executing  the  Ordinances,  and  fit  in  fuch  pia-C'^'*'"^"  ^* 
"  ces  within  the  County  that  all  Parties,  by  the  ^^^-y^ti^ 
"  nefs  of  Accefs,  may  be  encouraged  to  addrefs  tlicm-E^oyMan- 
**  felves  to  them  vvith  theit  Complaints.  chciler'^ 

Secondly,  "  That  they  fhould  iffue  their  Warrants, ^^/'•«^''- 
««  to  fummon  before  them  fuch  Minifters  and  Witnef-""""'^^'^' 
«'  fes  as  the  Articles  preferr'd  againft  them  fhould^"^*  ^^^^^ 
"  require.  *^ 

thirdly,  "  That  the  Party  accufed  fhould  noc  be 
'*  prefent  at  the  taking  the  Depofitions,  becaufe  of 
"  difcounrenancing  the  Witneffes,  and  difturbing  the 
•*  Service*;  but  when 'the  Depofitions  were  taken 
**  upon  Oath  the  Party  accufed  fhould  have  a  Copy, 
•'  and  have  a  Day  given  him  to  return  his  Anfwer  in 
**  writing,  and  to  make  his  Defence  within  fourteen 
•**  Days,  or  thereabouts: 

Fourthly,  "  They  were  to  teturh  both  the  Accufa- 
"  tion  and  Defence  to  Mr.  Good  and  Mr.  Afhe,  the 
*'  EarPs  Chaplains,  and  upon  fuch  Receipts  they 
^'  fhould  have  further  Dire(5tions. 

Ftjtljly^  "  If  the  Party  accufed  would  not  appear Husb.  Col. 
•'^o  make  his  Defence  they  were  to  certify  the  Caufep-3ii» 
^*  of  his  Abfence,  heca-uk  if  they  were  Nofi-Re/idenlSy 
'*  or  in  Arm^againft  the  Parliament,  the  Earl  would 
"  proceed  againll  them. 

Sixthly,,  "  It  being  found  by  Experience,  that  Pa- 
"  rifnioners  were  not  forward  to  complain  of  their 
*'  Minifters,  though  very  fcandalous ;  feme  being 
««  Enemies  to  the  intended  Reformation,  and  others 
*'  fparing  their  Minifters,  becaufe  they  favoured 
**  them  in  their  Tithes,  and  were  therefore  efteemed 
*'  quiet  Men  ;  therefore  they  were  required  to  call  unto 
'•"^  them,  fome  well-aff^efted  Men  within  every  Hun- 

*  "Wiis  was  owino  ro  the  inlblcnt  and  unmannerly  Behaviour  of 
the  Clergy  before  the  CommilTioners ;  for  the  Ordinance  of  Sept.  6. 
1643.  appoints.  That  the  Wicne0es  ftiall  be  examined  in  their  Pre- 
fence  ;  and,  that  fufflcient  Warnino  {hall  be  given  of  the  Time 
and  Place  where  the  Charge  againll  rhrm  fhould  be  proved. 

Vol.  hi.  K  «  dred. 


I30  7he  HISTORY  Vol.Il!. 

King    te  dred,  who  having  no  private  Engagements,  were 

'^^   ■"  to  be  encouraged  by  the  Committees  to  enquire  af- 

V,^,,.y^  *'  ter  the  Doiflrines,  Lives,  and  Converfations  of  aU 

"  Minifters  and  School-Mafters,  and  to  give  Infor- 

"  mation  what  could  be  depofed,  and  who  could  de- 

"  pofe  the  fame. 

Seventhly,  "  Each  CommifHoner  fhall  have  five 
"  Shillings  for  every  Day  he  fits  ;  and  the  Clerk  to 
"  receive  fome  Pay,  that  he  might  not  have  occa- 
"  fion  to  demand  Fees  for  every  Warrant  or  Copy, 
"  unlefs  the  V\^ritings  were  very  large. 

Eighthly,  "  Upon  the  Ejedling  of  any  fcandalous, 
"  or  malignant  Minifters,  they  were  to  require  the 
"  Parifhioners  to  make  Choice  of  fome  fit  and  able 
"  Perfcn  to  fucceed,  who  was  to  have  a  Teftimonial 
"  from  the  well- affefled  Gentry  and  Miniftry  *,  and 
"  to  take  particular  Care  that  no  Anahaptift,  or  An" 
<*  iimmian,  be  recommended. 

Ninthly,  "  They  were  to  certify  the  true  Value  of 
"  each  Living  ;  as  alfo  the  Eftate,  Livelihood,  and 
"  Charge  of  Children  which  the  accufed  Perfon 
"  had,  for  his  Lordfliip's  Diredion  in  the  ittlign- 
*'  ment  ot  the  Fifths.     And, 

Lajfly,  "  They  were  to  ufe  all  other  proper  Ways 
*'  and  Methods  for  fpeeding  the  Service.'* 

Wirh  thefe  InftrvMions  the  Earl  fent  an  Exhortation 
by  Letter,  in  the  following  Words, 

Gentlemen, 
The  Earls  a  -w  Send  you  by  this  Bearer  a  CommifTion,  with 
"  £  Initructions,  for  executing  the  Ordinance,  ^c. 
"  within  your  County.  I  neither  doubt  of  your  Abi- 
"  lities,  nor  Affections,  to  further  this  Service,  yet, 
*'  according  to  the  great  Truft  impofed  on  me  hcre- 
"  in  by  the  Parliament,  I  muft  be  earneit  with  you 
**  to  be  diligent  therein.  You  know  how  much  the 
*'  People  of  the  Kingdom  have  formerly  fuffered  in 
"  their  Perfons,  Souls,  and  Eftates,  under  an  idle, 

it  iil- 


Suff.  Cler 
p.  1 18. 


Chap.  irP  ''  of  f  be  'PvR  IT  AN  5.  131 

"  ill-afyeftdH,  fcandalous,    and  iniolent  Clergy,  up-     Khg 

'*  held  tii^Wie  Bilhops  ■■,  and  you  can'c  but  loref^.'c,^^^'"'"  ^• 

*'  that  their  Preliures  and  Burthens  will  (till  conti-  ^J«ii^i^ 

"  nuc,  though  the  Form  of  Government  be  alter'd, 

*'  unlels  great  Care  be  taken   to  difplace  fuch  Mini- 

'*  flers,  and  ro  place  orthodox  and  holy  Men  in  eve- 

"  ry   Pariih  ;    for  let  the  Government  be  what  ic 

•'  will  for  the  Form  thereof,  yet   it  will  never  be 

"  good  unlefs  the  Partic^s  employed  therein  be  good 

*'  themfelves.     By  the  Providence  of  God  it  now  lies 

*'  in  your  power  to  reform  the  former  Abufes,  and 

*'  to  remove  thefe  Offenders.     Your  Power  is  gre^t, 

"and  lb  is  your  I'ruft.     If  a  general  Reformation 

**  follows    not  within  your   County,    alTuredly  the 

*'  Blame  will   be  laid  upon  you,  and  you  muft  ex- 

*'  pe6t  to  be  called  to  Account  for  it,  both  here  and 

"  hereafter.     For  my  part,  I  am  refolved  to  employ 

"  the  utmoft  of  my  Power,  given  to  me  by  the  Or- 

"  dinancefor  procuring  a  general  Reformation  in  all 

"  the  afTociated  Counties,  expelling  your  forward- 

*'  nefs,  and  heartily  joining  with  me  herein,'* 

J  refl.  See, 

When  a  Clergyman  was  convifted  according  toThch-  m«- 
the  Inftrudtions  above-mentivoned,  report  was  madc^^'^^^'f^''''' 
to  the  Earl,  who  direded  a  Warrant  to  the  Church-'^'^^''-^- 

Wardens  of  the  Parifh,  to  eieft  him  out  of  his  Parfo-^'   '  ^'^^* 

p,  1 1 9, 
nage,  and  all  the  Profits  thereof  j  and  another  to  re- 
ceive the  Tithes,  and  all  the  Benefits  into  their  own 
Hands,  and  to  keep  them  in  fafe  Cuftody  till  they 
ihould  receive  further  Order  from  himfelf.  At  the 
flime  Time  he  direfled  the  Parifhioners  to  choofe  a 
proper  Minifter  for  the  vacant  Place,  and  upon  their 
Prefentation  his  Lordfhip  lent  him  to  iht  AJfcjnhly  of 
Divines  at  Wejiminfter,  with  an  Account  of  his  Cha- 
radler,  for  their  Trial  and  Examination.  And  upon 
a  Certificate  from  the  AfTembly,  that  they  approved 
of  him  as  an  orthodox  Divine,  and  qualified  to  offi- 
ciate in  thepartoral  Fundion,  his  Lordfhip  ifiucd  out 

K  2  his 


132  T'/^d' HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

Khg  his  laft  Warrant,  fetting  forth,  that  "  fuch  an  one 
Charles  l.«c  having  been  approved  by  the  Aflembly,  ^c.  he 
\,^^>^X^  "  ^'"^  therefore  authorize  and  appoint  hini  the  faid 

"  . J  to  officiate  as  Minifter,  to  preach,  teach, 

and  catechize  in  fuch  a  Parifli  durifjg  his  (the  Earl's) 
Pleafurey  and  then  empower  him  to  take  Poffef- 
fion  of  the  Church,  Parfonage  Houfes,  Glebe 
Lands,  and  to  receive  the  Tithes  and  Profits,  and 
enjoy  the  fame,  until  his  L^ordihip  fhould  take  fur- 
ther Order  concerning  the  fame,  requiring  all  Of- 
ficers to  aid  and  affift  him  for  that  purpofe.'* 
Remarks,  If  the  Committees  obferved  thefe  Articles  there 
could  be  no  reafonable  Ground  of  Complaint,  except 
of  the  Sixlh,  which  might  be  conftrued  as  giving  too 
much  Encouragement  to  Informers ,  but  the  Me- 
thods of  Conviction  were  unexceptionable  ;  the  Per- 
fons  to  be  called  before  the  Commiflioners  were  fcan- 
dalous,  or  Enemies  to  the  Parliament ;  the  Depofi- 
tions  were  upon  Oath  ;  a  Copy  of  them  allowed  the 
Defendant,  with  Time  to  give  in  his  Anfwer  in 
writing  *,  then  a  Day  appointed  to  make  his  Defence 
in  prefence  of  the  Witncffes,  to  whom  he  might 
take  Exceptions  5  and  after  all,  the  final  Judgment  not 
left  with  the  Commiflioners  but  with  the  Earl.  The 
filling  the  vacant  Benefice  was  no  lefs  prudent  ;  the 
Parifhioners  were  to  choofe  their  own  Minifter,  who 
was  to  produce  Teflimonials  of  his  Sobriety  and  Vir- 
tue -,  the  Affembly  were  then  to  examine  into  his 
Learning  and  minifterial  Qualifications;  and  after 
all,  the  new  Incumbent  to  hold  his  Living  only  J«- 
rlng  Pleajure -^  the  Parliament  being  willing  to  leave 
open  a  Door,  at  the  Conclufion  of  a  Peace,  for  re- 
iloring  fuch  Royalifts  as  were  difplaced  meerly  for  ad- 
hering to  the  King,  without  Prejudice  to  the  prefent 
PofTeflbr.  One  cannot  anfwer  for  Particulars  under 
fuch  uncommon  Diftraftions  and  Violence  of  Parties  ; 
but  the  Orders  were,  in  my  Opinion,  not  only  rea- 
fonable but  neceflary,  for  the  Support  of  the  Caufe 
in  which  the  Parliament  was  engaged. 

The 


Chap.  III.       o/* //'c*  P  u  R  I  T  AN  s.  133 

The  Committees  for  the  afTociated  Counties  a(5led,     K//?^? 
I  apprehend,  no  longer  than  the  Year  1644.     The^'^^j^''-''  ^• 
laft  Warrant  of  Ejedlment  mentioned  by  Dr.  NnlfoTjy  v^J-^^^^ 
bearing  Date  March  17.   164]^.    in  which  Time  Af-suff.  cier. 
fairs  were  brought  to  fuch  a  Settlement  in  thofe  Parts,  p.  uy. 
that  the  Royalifts  could   give  them  no  Difturbance. 
The  alTuciated  Counties,  fays  JVTr.  Fuller^  efcaped  the 
beft  of  all  Parts  in  this  civil  War,  the  Smoak  there- 
of only  offending  them,  while  theFire  was  felt  in  other 
Places.     The  chief  Ejeftments  by  the  Commiflloners 
in  other  Parts  oi  England^   were  in  the  Years  1644, 
1645.  and  till  the  Change  of  Government  in  the  Year 
1649.  when  the  Covenafji  it  felf  was  fet  afide,  and 
changed  into  an  Engagement  to  the  new  Common- 
wealth. 

'Tis  hard  to  compute  the  Number  of  Clergy  men  ^'«wi^'-' 
that  might  lofe  their  Livings  by  the  feveral  Com-'^^^^^' 
mittees  during  the  War,  nor  is  it  of  any  great  Im- 
portance, for  the  Laiv  is  the  fame  whether  more  or 
fewer  fuffer  by  it  5  and  the  not  putting  it  in  Execution 
might  be  owing  to  want  of  Power  or  Opportunity. 
Dr.  Nalfon  fays,  that  in  five  of  the  afTociated  Coun- 
ties one  Hundred  fifty  fix  Clergymen  were  ejefted 
in  little  more  than  a  Year  -,  namely,  in  Norfolk  Fifcy 
one,  Suffolk  Thirty  feven,  Camhridgefjire  Thirty  one, 
Effex  Twenty  one,  Lincoln[hire  Sixteen  •,  and  if  v/e 
allow  a  proportionable  Number  for  the  other  two, 
the  whole  will  amount  to  two  Hundred  and  eighteen  ; 
and  if  in  feven  Counties  there  were  two  Hundred  and 
eighteen  Sufferers,  the  Fifty  two  Counties  of  England, 
by  a  like  Proportion,  will  produce  upwards  of  fix- 
teen  Hundred.  Dr.  Walker  has  fallacioufly  encreafcd 
the  Number  of  fuffering  Clergymen  to  eight  Thou- 
fand,  even  though  the  Lilt  at  the  End  of  his  Book 
makes  out  little  more  than  a  fifth  parr.  Among  his 
Cathedral  Clergy  he  reckons  up  feveral  Prebends  and 
CanonrieSy  in  which  he  fuppofes  Sufferers  without  any 
Evid:;nce.  Of  this  Sort  Dr.  Calamy  has  ''eckon'd^^^^^^'J^^^^ 
above  two  Hundred.    If  one  Clergyman  was  poffefs'd^Jj^''^^'/^    ■ 

K  3  of,.,..     " 


134  r/^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King     of  three  or  four  Dignities  there  appear  as  many  SufFer- 
Charles  Lg^s.     The  like  IS  to  be  obferved  in  the  Cafe  of  Plu- 
K,,^f>--yX^  raJifts  ;    for  Example,    Richard  Stuart,  L.  L.  D.    is 
fee  down  as  a  Sufferer  in  the  Deanry  ot  St.  Paul's,  as 
Prebendary  of  St.  Pancras,  and  Refidentiary  •,  in  the 
Deanry  and  Prebend  of  the  third  Stall  in  Wefiminfier  ; 
in  the  Deanry  of  the  Royal  Chapel  -,  in  the  Provoft- 
ih'ipoC  Eaton  College,  and  Prebend  of  Northalton  in 
the  Church  of  Salijhury  ^  all  which  Preferments  he  en- 
joyed (fays  Tir.  Walker)  or  was  entitled  to  together,  and 
his  Name  is  repeated  in  the  feveral  Places.     By  fucha 
Calculation 'tis  eafy  to  deceive  the  Reader  and  fwell  the 
Account  beyond  Meafure.  The  Reverend  Mr  .Withers^ 
a  late  Non- Conform ift  Minifter  at  Exeter,  has  taken 
Pains  to  make  an  exa6l  Computation  in  the  affociated 
Coianties  of  Suffolk.,  'Norfolk.^  and  Camhridgejhire,  in  which 
are  one  Thouland  thice  Hundred  and  Ninety  eight 
Pariflies,  and  two  Hundred  fifty  three  Sequeflrationsj 
lb  that  if  thefe  may  be  reckon'd  as  a  Standard  for  the 
whole  Kingdom,  the  Number  will  be  reduced  con- 
fiderably  under  two  Thoufand.     He  has  alfo  made 
another  Comput.^tion  from  the  County  di  Devon,  in 
which  are  three  Hundred  ninety  four  Parifhes,  and 
one  Hundred  thirty  nine  Sequeftrations,  out  of  which 
Thirty  nine  are  deduced  for   Pluralities,  <^c.    and 
then  by  comparing  this  County  (in  which  both  Dr. 
Walker  and  Mr.  Withers  lived)  with  the  reft  of  the 
Kingdom,  the  amount  of  Sufferers  according  to  him, 
is  one 'Thoufand  [even  Hundred  twenty  fix -,  but  admit- 
ing  they  fliiould  arife  to  the  Number  of  the  Doctor's 
Names  in  his  Index,  which  are  about  two  Thoufand 
four  Hundred,  yet  when  fuch  are  dedufted  as  were 
fairly  convicled  upon  Oath,  of  Immoralities  of  Life, 
,^^.'  (which  were  a -fourth  in  the  affociated  Counties.) 
and    all   fuch  as    took  Part  with  the  King   in   the 
War,  or  dilbwned  the  Authority  of  the  Parliament; 
preaching  up  Do(5trines  inconfiftent  with  the  Caufe 
for  which,  they    had  taken  Arms,    and  exciting  the 
People  to  an  abfolute  Submifllon  to  the  Authority  of 

the 


Chap.  III.      of  tbe  Fu  KIT  Aijs.^  135 

the  Crown,  the  Remainder  that  were  difplaced  only    Kitig 
for  refujhig  the  Covenant ^  muit  be  very  inconiiderable  -^Cnarics    . 
Mr.  Baxter  fays,  they  caft  out  the  grofTer  Sort  of  in-  K^y-^X^ 
fufficient  and  fcandalous  Clergy,  and  feme  tew  civil 
Men  that  had  aded  in  the  Wars  for  the  King,  and 
fet  up  the  late  Innovations,  but  left  in  near  one  half  of 
thofe  that  were  but  barely  tolerable.  He  adds  further, 
"  That  in  all  the  Counties  in  which  he  was  acquaint-Hift.  of  L. 
"  tdfix  to  one  atleajl^  if  notmore^  that  were  fequeller'd='"^^'^"^"> 
»'  by  the  Committees,  were  by  the  Oaths  of  Witneffes^"  ""^"5' 
**  proved  infufficient  or  fcandalous,  or  both.'* 

But    admitting   their    Numbers    to    be  equal   to 
thofe  Puritan  Miniiters  ejedled  at  the  Reftoration, 
yet  the  Caufe   of    their   Ejectment,    and    the    Cir- 
cumftances    o(    the   Times,    being  very    different,  cc'w?/)^^^^ 
the  Sufferings  of  the   former  ought  not  to  be  com-''^''^^ '^'^ . 
par'd   with    the  latter;    though  Doftor    Walker    is^^'^/jfj" 
pleafed  to  fay  in  his  Preface,  That  f  the  Sufferings"^l(^[^ 
of  the  Diffenters  hear  any  tolerable  Proportion  to  thofe 
of  the  ejeoied  Loyalijis,    in  Number,    Degrees,  or  Cir- 
cumJlanceSy    he  will  be  gladly  deemed  not  only  to  have 
lojl  all  his  Labour,  hut  to  have  revived  a  great  and  mi' 
anfwerable  Scandal  on  the  Caufe  he  has  undertaken  to  de- 
fend,    I  fhall  leave  the  Reader  to  pafs  his  own  Judg- 
ment upon  this  Declaration,  after  I  have  produced 
the  Teftimony  of  one  or  two  Divines  of  the  Church 
oi  England.     **  Who  can  anfwer  (fays  one)  for  the  Conform. 
"  Violence  and  Injuflice  of  A6tions  in  a  Civil  War  ?  fir^  ^''^a, 
"  Thofe  Sufferings  were  in  a  Time  of  general  Cala-P-^^*  ^^* 
*'  mity,  but  thefe  [in  1662.]  were  ejed^ed  not  only 
*'  in  a  Time  of  Peace,  but  a  Time  of  Joy  to  all  the 
*'  Land,  and  after  an  Aft  of  Oblivion,    to  which 
"  common  Rejoicing  thefe  fuffering  Minifters  had 
*'  contributed  their  earneft  Prayers,  and  great  En- 

''  deavours '*     "  I  muft  own  (fays  another  of 

*'  the  Doctor's  Correfpondents)  that  though  both 
**  Sides  have  been  excelfively  to  blame,  yet  that  the 
*'  Severities  ufed  by  the  Church  to  the  Diffenrers  are 
"  lefs  excufable  than  thofe  ufed  by  the  Dillenters  to 

K  4  "  the 


n6  52^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

K^f'g    "  the  Church  ;  my  Reafon  is,  that  the  former  were 
164  /'"  "^^^  ^"  '^'"^^^  ^^  Pe^CQ,  and  a  fetiled  Government, 
^^ryi^  "  whereas  the  latter  were  mfli6led  in  a  Time  of  Tu- 
Calamy's  "  muIt  and  Confufion,  fo  that  the  Plundering  and 
Ch.  and    t'  Ravaging  endured  by  the  Church  Minifters  were 
Sm  ared  "  ^^'"g  (many  of  them  at  leaft)  to  the  Rudenefs  of 
P-'^L  *V  "  ^^^  Soldiers,  and  the  Chances  of  War ;  They  were 
"  Plunder'd  not  because  they  were  Confor- 
"  MISTS,    BUT  Cavaliers,    and   of  the  King's 
*'  Party."     The  Cafe  of  thofe  that  were  fober  and 
virtuous,  feems  to  me  much  the  fame  with  the  Non- 
Jurors  at  the  late  Revolution  of  King  William  III. 
Ilift.        Jjnd  I  readily  agree  v/ith  Mr.  F«//(?r,  that  "moderate 
p.i07,     «  jyjgj^  bemoaned  thefe  Severities,  for^as  much  Cor- 
'*  ruption  was  let -out  by  thefe  Ejedments    (many 
"  fcandalous  Minifters  being  defervediy  punifhed)  fo 
*'  at  the  fame  Time  the  Veins  of  the  E7iglijh  Church 
*'  were  alfo  emptied  of  much  good  Blood." 
The  Fifth,     We  have  already  obferved,  that  affth  Part  of  the 
Revenues  of  thefe  ejedled  Clergymen  was  referved  for 
the  Maintenance  of  their  poor  Families,  "  Which 
Calamy's   44  ^^g  ^  Chriftian  Ad,    and  which  I  fhould  have 
Diiienc'ers  **  ^^^^  S^^*^  ^^^y^  ^^^^  Divine  above-mentioned)  to 
p.  14.     *"  ^^^^  ^^^^  imitated  at  the  Reftoration."     Upon 
this  the  Cavaliers  fent  their  Wives  and  Children  to  be 
maintained  by  the  Parliament  Minifters,  while  them- 
llusb.OoJ.feives  were  fighting  for  the  King.    The  Houfes  there- 
"•^-^•_   foreordained,  Sept.S.   1645.  That  the  fifths  fhould 
not  be  paid  to  the  Wives  and  Children  of  thofe  who 
came    into  the    Parliament    Quarters  withouc  their 
Hufbands  or  Fathers,  cr  who  were  not  bred  in  the 
Proteftanr  Religion.     But  when  the  War  was  over 
all  were  allowed  their  Fifths,  though  in  fome  Places 
they  were  ill  paid,  the  Incumbent  being  hardly  able 
to  allow  them,  by  reafon  of  theSmallnefs  of  his  Li- 
ving, and  the  Devaftation  of  the  War.     But  when 
fome   pretended    to  excufe  themfelves  on    the  fore- 
mentioned  Exceptions,  the  two  Houfes  publifhed  the 
following  Explanation,    November  11.   1647.   (viz.) 

**  That 


Chap.  III.      of  the  Puritans."  1^7 

*'  That  the  Wives  and  Children  of  all  fuch  Pcrfons     King 
*'  whofe  Eilatesand  Livings  are,  have  been,  or  fhall^^^''^"  f* 
*'  be  fcqucfter'd  by  Order  of  either  Houfe  of  Parlia- 1^"^' 
"  ment,    fhall   be  comprehended  within  the  Ordi- s^[j^^^]gl 
"  nance  which  allows  a  fifth  Part  for  Wives  and  p.  1*00. 
•*  Children,  and  fhall  have  their  fifth  Part  allowed 
*'  them  i    and  the  Committee  of  Lords  and  Com- 
•'  mons  for  SequeftraLions,  and  the  Committees  for 
**  plunder'd  Minifters,  and  all  other  Minifters,  are 
"  required  to  take  Notice  hereof,  and  yield  Obe- 
*'  dience  hereunto."     Afterwards,  when  it  was  que- 
ftion'd,    whether  the   Fifths  IhouJd  pay   their  Pro- 
portion  of    tlie    publick   Taxes,    it  was   ordained. 
That  the  Incumbent  only  fhould  pay  them.     Under 
the  Government  of  the  Protestor  Cromwel  it  was  or- 
dained, That  if  the  ejedled  Minifter  left  the  quiet 
PoffefTion  of  his  Houfe  and  Glebe  t,o  his  Succeflbr 
within  a  certain  Time,  he  fhould  have  his  Fifths^  and 
all  his  Arrears^  provided  he  had  not  a  real  Eftate  of 
his  own  of  thirty  Pounds  ^^r  Annum,  or  five  Hundred 
Pounds  in  Money. 

But  after  all,  it  was  a  hard  Cafe  on  both  Sides  ;  t\\tThe  fiarS- 
Incumbents  thought  it  hard  to  be  obliged  to  all  the/''/'  ^" 
Duties  of  their  Place,  and  another  to  go  away  with       ^'^"' 
a  Fifth  of  the  Profit,  at  a  Time  when  the  Value  of 
Church  Lands  wasconfiderably  leffened  by  the  Neg- 
ledl  of  Tillage,  and  exorbitant  Taxes  were  laid  upon 
all  the  Neceflaries  of  Life.     To  which  may  be  added, 
an  Opinion  that  began  to  prevail  among  the  Farmers, 
of  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  paying  Tithes  :  Mr.  Selden  had 
led  the  Way  to  this  in  his  Book  of  Tithes,   whereupon 
the   Parliament,   by  an  Ordinance  of  Nov.  8.   1644. 
'*  Stridlly  enjoyned  all  Perfons  fully,  truly,  and  effe- 
"  dlually  to  fet  out,  yield,  and  pay  refpedlively  all  and 
"  fingular  Tithes,  Offerings,  Oblations,  Obventions, 
*'  Races  for  Tithes,  and  all  other  Duties  commonly 
"  known  by  the  Name  of  Tithes."     Others,  that 
had  no  Scruple  about  the  Payment  of  Tithes,  refufed 
to  pay  them  to  the  new  Incumbent,  becaufe  ihc  eject- 
ed 


13S  rz^^  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

King     ed  Minifter  had  the  kgal  Right,  infomuch  that  the 
Charles  I.  Prefby terian  Miniflers  were  obliged  in  many  Places 
\-r>/^  to  fue  their  Parifhioners,  which  created  Difturbances 
yf-y-^s^  and  Divifions,  and  at  length  gave  rife  to  feveral  Peti- 
tions from  the  Counties  of  Buckinghamjhire,  Oxford- 
Jhirey  HertfordJInre^  &c.  praying,  That  their  Mini- 
flers might  be  provided  for  fome  other  Way.     The 
Parliament  referr'd  therft  to  a  Commictce,  but  came 
to  no  Agreement,  becaufe  they  could  not  fix  upon 
.    another  Fund,  nor  provide  for  the  Lay-Impropri- 
ations« 


CHAP. 


Chap. IV.      of  fbe  Vu  RiTAKs,  139 

CHAP.    IV. 

Of  the  feveral  Parties  in  thejjjjembly  of  Divines^ 

Presbyterians,    Erastians,    Indepen- 

DANTs.    'T'heir  Proceedings  about  Ordination, 

/  and  the  Diredlory  for  Divine  Worihip.     The 

Rife  J   Progrefs,  and  bufferings  of  the  Englifli 

•    Anabaptists. 

BEFORE  we  proceed  to  the  Debates  of  the  Af-    King 
-fembly   of  Divines  it  will  be  proper  to  diftin-^'^^''^"  r, 
gui(h  the  feveral  Parties  of  which  it  was  conftituted.  .,^Jf  ^^ 
The  Epifcopal  Clergy  had  entirely  deferted  it  beforep^y^;>^  ,•„ 
the  bringing  in  of  the  Covenant^  fo  that  the  Eflablifh-/^«>4/7e/w- 
ment  had  not  a  fingle  Advocate.     All  who  remained^.  °f 
were  for  taking  down  the  main  Pillars  of  the  Hierar-'^^'^^""' 
chy,  before  ihey  had  agreed  what  Sort  of  Building  to 
ere<5t  in  its  room. 

The  Majority  at  firft  intended  only  the  Reducing  o//^.? 
Epifcopacy  to  the  Standard  of  the  firfl  or  fecond  A ge,  P/^^y^s- 
but  for  the  Sake  of  the  5"^^?/^  Alliance,  they  were  pre-^*^"^* 
vailed  with  to  lay  afide  the  Name  and  Function  of  Bi- 
fhops,and  attempt  theEftablifhinga  Prefby  terial  Form 
upon  the  Ruins  of  all  others,  which  at  length  they 
advanced  into  Jm  Divinum,  or  Divine  InJliluiio?2y  de- 
rived exprefly  from  Chrift  and  his  Apoftles.  But  this 
engaged  them  in  fo  many  Controverfies,  as  prevented 
their  laying  the  top  Scone  to  their  Building,  fo  that 
it  fell  to  pieces  before  it  was  perfedled.  The  chief 
Patrons  of  Prcfbytery  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  were 
Denzil  Hollis^  Efq;  Sir  PFilliam  Waller,  Sir  Philip  Sia- 
fleto?iy  Sir  John  Clolworthy,  Sir  Benjamin  Riidyard, 
Serjeant  Maynard,  Colonel  MaJJey^  Colonel  Harley, 
John  Glyn,  Efq-,  and  a  few  others. 

The  En  AST  JANS  formed  another  Branch  of  the  A(-^fff 
fembly,  fo  called  from  Erajlus,  a  German  Divine  of  the  ^'       ,  * 
fixceenth  Century.     The  PaJloralOjJice,  according  to^.c  "' 

hinijp,    39. 


140  r/'^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IlL 

Khg  him,  was  only  perfwafive,  like  a  Profeflor  of  the 
Charles  I- Sciences  over  his  Scudents,  without  any  Power  of  the 
\2r^^^^yi  annexed.  The  Lord's  Supper,  and  other  Or- 
dinances of  the  Gofpel,  were  to  be  free  and  open  to 
all.  The  Minifter  might  diffuade  the  vicious  and  un- 
qualified from  the  Communion,  but  might  not  refufe 
it,  or  inflid  any  kind  ofCenfurejthePuniflimentofall 
Offences,  either  of  a  civil  or  religious  Nature,  being 
refervcd  to  the  Magiftrate.  The  pretended  Advan- 
tage of  this  Scheme  was,  that  it  avoided  the  eredting 
Jmperium  in  Imperio,  or  two  different  Powers  in  the 
fame  civil  Government ;  it  effediually  deftroyed  all 
chat  fpiritual  JurifdicHiion  and  co-ercive  Power  over 
the  Confciences  of  Men  which  had  been  challenged 
by  Popes,  Prelates,  Prefbyteries,  ^c.  and  made  the 
Government  of  the  Church  a  Creature  of  the  State, 
Moft  of  our  firft  Reformers  were  fo  far  in  thefe  Sen- 
*  liments  as  to  maintain,  that  no  one  Form  of  Church 

Government  is  prefcribed  in  Scripture  as  an  invari- 
able Rule  for  future  Ages  ;  as  Cranmer,  Redmayn, 
Cox,  Sec.  and  Archbifhop  ^j6i/^///,  in  his  Controver- 
fy  with  Cartwrigbt,  delivers  the  fame  Opinions  "  I 
*'  deny  (fays  he)  that  the  Scripture  has  fee  down 
«*  any  one  certain  Form  of  Church  Government;  to 

*<  be  perpetual.  < Again,  it  is  wel)  known,  that: 

«'  the  Manner  and  Form  of  Government  expreiTed  in 
"  the  Scriptures  neither  is  now,  nor  can,  nor  o-jght 
**  to   be  obferved  either  touching  Perfons  or  Fun- 

*'  (flions.  The  Charge  of  this  is  left  to  the  Ma- 

*'  giftrate,  fo  that  nothing  be  contrary  to  the  Word 
"  of  God.  The  Government  of  the  Church  muft  be 
"  according  to  the  Form  of  Government  in  the  Com- 
*'  monweakh.'*  The  chief  Patrons  of  this  Scheme 
in  the  AfTembly  were  Dr.  Lightfoot,  Mr.  Coltnan,  Mr. 
Selden^  Mr.  IVhitlock  ;  and  in  the  Houfeof  Commons, 
befi  ies  Sdden  and  PFbitlock,  Oliver  St.  John,  Efq-,  Sir 
Thomas  Widdrington,  John  Crewy  Efq;  Sir  "John  Hip- 
/fv,  and  others  of  the  greateft  Names. 

The 


Chap.  IV.      of  t/je  Tun  IT  AK  5.  14  r 

The  In  DEPENDANTS,  or   Congregational  Brethren^     King 
compofed  a  third  Party,    and   made  a    bold  Stand ^''^'■'"  ^• 
againfl:  the  Proceedings  of  the  high  Prefbyterians  j  ^jfj^^ 
their   Numbers  were  fmall  at  firil,    but   encreafedo/r/jtf  In- 
prodigioufly  in  a  few  Years,  and  grew  to  a  confider-dcpcn- 
able  Figure  under  the  ProtecStorfliip  of  Oliver  Crom-^^^^^- 

IVcll. 

We  have  already  related  their  Original,  and  car- 
ried on  their  Hiftory,  till  they  appeared  in  publick 
about  the  latter  End  of  the  Year  1640.  The  Divines 
that  pafled  undev  this  Denomination  in  the  Afiembly 
had  fled  their  Country  in  the  late  Times,  and  formed 
Societies,  according  to  their  own  Model  in  Holland^ 
upon  the  States  allowing  them  the  Ufe  of  their 
Churches,  after  their  own  Service  was  ended,  with 
liberty  of  ringing  a  Bell  to  publick  Worfhip.  Plere 
(as  they  declare)  they  fet  themfelves  to  confult  the 
Holy  Scriptures  as  impartially  as  they  could,  in  order 
to  find  out  the  Difcipline  that  the  Apoftles  themfelves 
pradtifed  in  the  very  firft  Age  of  the  Church  ;  the 
Condition  they  were  in,  and  the  melancholy  Profpeft 
of  their  Afi^airs  affording  no  Temptation  to  any  par- 
ticular Biafs.  The  reft  of  their  Hiftory,  with  their 
diftinguifhing  Opinions,  I  fhall  draw  from  ihtw  Apo- 
logetical  Narration,  publiflied  at  this  Time,  and  pre- 
fented  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons. 

*«   As  to  the  Church  oi England  ffay  they)  we  pro- Apologct. 
"  fefs  before  God  and  the  World,  that  we  do  appre-^air.  of 
"  hend  a  great  deal  of  Defilement  in  their  Way  of^^-'^  J"'^'^" 
*'  Worfhip,  and  a  great  deal  of  unv/arranted  Power^    g^     * 
**  exercifed  by  their  Church  Governors,  yet  we  al- 
*'  lowed  Multitudes  of  their  Parochial  Churches  to 
*'  be  true  Churches,  and  their  Minifters  true  Mini- 
»*  fters.  In  the  late  Times,  when  we  had  no  Hopes  of 
*'  returning  to  our  own  Country,  we  held  Communi- 
*'  on  with  them,  and  offered  to  receive  to  the  Lord's 
*'  Supper  fome  that  came  to  vifit  U5  in  our  Exile, 
"  who:Ti  we  knew  to  be  godly,   upon  that  Relation 
*'  and  Mi^mberfhip  they  held  in  their  Fari(h  Churches 

'■•  in 


142  ^/jd-  H  I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King    "  in  England,  they  profefling  themfelves  to  be  Mem- 
Charles  I.tt  bers  thereof,  and  belonging  thereto.     The  fame 
,i?^^  "  charitable  Dirpofiticn  we  maintained  towards  the 
^^^f^  t(  Dutch  Churches   among    whom   we   lived.     We 
*'  mutually  gave  and  received  the  right  Hand  of 
*'  Fellowfhip,    holding  a  brotherly  Correfpondence 
'«  with   their   Divines,    and  admitting  fome  of  the 
*«  Members  of  their  Churches  to  Communion  in  the 
*'  Sacrament,    and  other  Ordinances,  by   virtue  of 
*»  their  Relation  to  thofe  Churches, 
lb.  p  11,       The  Scheme  they  embraced  was  a  middle  Way 
!$•  between  Brownifm  and  Prejly^ter^y  ("^^"Z-)  that  "  every 

"  particular  Congregation  of  ChrijUans  has  an  entire  and 
*'  compleat  Power  of  Jurifdi^ion  over  its  Members,  to  he 
"  exercifed  by  the  Elders  thereof  within  it  [elf.  This 
*'  they  are  fure  mull  have  been  the  Form  of  Go- 
<'  vernment  in  the  Primitive  Church,  before  the 
"  Numbers  of  Chriftians  in  any  City  were  multiplied 
<^  fo  far  as  to  divide  into  many  Congregations, 
*<  which,  'cis  dubious,  whether  it  was  the  Fad:  in 
*'  the  Apoftles  Times. 

*'  Not  that  they  claim  an  entire  Independency 
<«  with  regard  to  other  'Churches,  for  they  agree, 
"  that  in  all  cafes  of  Offence  the  offending  Church  is 
*«  to  fubmit  to  an  open  Examination,  by  other  neigh- 
"^  bouring  Churches,  and  on  their  perfifting  in  their 
"  Error  or  Mifcarriage,  they  then  are  to  renounce 
lb.  p.'iS.  «  all  Chriftian  Communion  with  them,  till  they  re- 
"  pent,  which  is  all  the  Authority  or  Ecclefiaflical 
•  "  Power  that  one  Church  may  exercife  over  another, 

«'  unlefs  they  call  in  the  civil  Magiftrate,  for  which 
«  they  find  no  Authority  in  Scripture. 

*'  Their  Method  of  publick  Worfhip  in  Holland 
*«  was  the  fame  with  other  Proteftants  ;  they  read 
"  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Teflament  in 
*'  their  Affemblies,  and  expounded  them  on  proper 
<'  Occafions ;  they  offered  up  publick  and  folemn 
*'  Prayers,  for  Kings,  and  all  in  Authority  ;  and 
*'  though  they  did  not  approve  of  a  prefcribed  Form, 

^f-  they 


Chap.  IV.      of  the  Vv  RITA  j^ji,  14  j 

"  they  admitted  that  ptibl.'rk  Prayer  in  their  Affem-.    King 
*«  blics  ought  to   DC  framed  by  the  Meditation  and^^"^"  ^• 
"  Study  oUbcir  Minifl:er<;,  as  well  as  their  Sermons  ;  ^l^^X^ 
"  the  Wor:  of  Gou  was  conftantly  preached  ;  the^*^^^ 
*'  two  Sucramep'.o  of  Baptifm   to  Infants,    and  the 
««  Lord's  Supper  were  frequently  adminifler'd ;  to 
"  which  was  added,  finging  of  Pfalms,  and  a  Col- 
*«  le<flion  for  the  Poor  every  Lord's  Day. 

*«  They  profeis  their  Agreement  in  Doflrine  with 
«'  the  Articles  of  the  Church  oi England y  and  other 
*«  reformed  Churches. 

*'  Their  Officers,  and  publick  Rulers  in  the 
«'  Church,  were  Pallors,  Teachers,  Ruling  Elders 
"  (not  Lay,  but  Ecclefiaftical  Perfons,  feparated  to 
•'  that  Service)  and  Deacons. 

"  They  praclifed  no  Church  Cenfures  but  Admo- 
"  nition  •,  and  Excommunication  upon  obftinate  and 
*'  impenitent  Offenders,  which  latter  they  appre- 
*'  hended  fhould  not  be  pronounced  but  for  Crimes 
*«  of  the  laft  Importance,  and  which  may  be  reafon- 
*'  ably  fuppofed  to  be  committed  contrary  to  the 
«'  Light  and  Conviflion  of  the  Perfon's  Confcience. 

"  In  conclufion  they  call  God  and  Man  to  witnefs,?-  ^4,  15, 
*'  that  out  of  a  Regard  to  the  publick  Peace  they  had  -7i 
"  forbore  to  publilh  their  peculiar  Opinions,  either 
"  from  the  Pulpit  or  Prefs,  or  to  improve  the  prefenc 
"  Difpofition  of  the  People  to  the  Increafe  of  their 
*'  Party  ^  nor  fhould  they  have  publifhed  thatApo- 
"  logy  to  the  World,  had  not  their  Silence  been  in- 
"  terpreted  as    ah   Acknowledgment  of  ihofe  Re- 
"  proaches  and  Calumnies  that  have  been  caft  upon 
*«  them  by  their  Adverfaries  ;  but  fhould  have  wait- 
*'  ed  for  a  free  and  open  Debate  of  their  Sentiments 
*'  in  the  prefent  AfTembly  of  Divines,  though  they 
**  are  fenfible  they  fhall  have  the  Difadvantage  with 
**  regard  to  Numbers,  Learning,  and  the  Stream  of 
*'  publick   Interefl ;    however,  they  are  determined 
*'  in  all  Debates,  to  yield  to  the  utmoft  Latitude  of 
"  their  Confciences,    profefTing  it  to  be  as. high  a 

"  Point 


i44  neUlSrOKY         Vol.  III. 

King    "  Point  of  Religion,  to  acknowledge  their  Miftakes 

Charles  I.  cc  when  ihey  are  convinced  of  them,  as  to  hold  fart 

^Jf^^  «'  the  Truth  ;  and  when  Matters  are  brought  to  the 

^^  <«  neafefl  Agreement,  to  promote  fuch  a  Temper  as 

*«  may  tend  to  Union,  as  well  as  Truth. 

p,  .q;  ««  They  therefore  befeech  the  honourable  Houfes 

<«  of  Parliament,  not  to  look  upon  them  as  Diflurb- 

«'  ers  of  the  publick  Peace,  but  to  confider  them  as 

««  Perfons  that  differ  but  little  from  their  Brethren ; 

<*  yea,  far  lefs  than  they  do  from  what  themfelves 

**  pradifed  three  Years  ago.     They  befeech  them 

««  likewife  to  have  fome  regard  to  their  pad  Exile, 

**  and  prefent  Sufferings,  and  upon  thefe  Accounts 

<«  to  allow  them  to  continue  in  their  Native  Country, 

*'  with  the  Enjoyment  of  the  Ordinances  of  Chrift, 

*=  and  an  Indulgence  in  fome  lefTer  Differences,  as 

"  long  as  they  continue  peaceable  Subjecfts." 

Signed  byy 

Tho.  Goodwin, 
Sydrach  Simpfon, 
Philip  Nye, 
Jer.  Burroughs,] 
William  Bridge. 

Rmarb.  The  Reverend  Mr.  Herle,  afterwards  Prolocutor 
of  the  AfTembly,  in  his  Imprimatur  to  this  Apology, 
calls  it  a  Performance  full  of  Peaceablenefs,  Modefty 
and  Candor-,  and  though  he  wrote  againfb  it,  yec 
in  the  Preface  to  his  Book,  entitled  The  Independency 
upon  Scripture  of  the  Independency  of  Churches,  fays, 
*'  The  Difference  between  us  and  our  Brethren  who 
*«  are  for  Independency,  is  nothing  fo  great  as  fome 
'«  may  conceive ;  at  mofl  it  does  but  rufHe  the 
"  Fringe,  not  any  way  rend  the  Garment  of  Chrift  ; 
*'  it  is  fo  far  from  being  a  Fundamental,  that  it.  is 
"  fcarce  a  material  Difference."  But  the  more  ri- 
gid PrefbyCerians  attacked  the  Apology  with  greater 
Severity  •■>     fwarms   of   Pamphlets    were    publifhed 

againft 


Chap.  IV.      of  tbe  Pu  nit  Aii  s;  145 

againft  it  in  a  few  Months,  fome  refle£ling  on  the     Khg 
Perfons  of  the  Jj)oIogi/is,  and  others  on  their  Princi-^^"'"  ^* 
pies,    as  tending  to  break   the   Uniformity  of  the^^jfj^ 
Church,  under  the  Pretence  of  Liberty  of  Confci-^^'^' 
cnce.     The  moll  furious  Adverfaries  were  Dr.  Bajl- 
wick,  old  Mr.  Vicars,  and  Mr.  Edwards,  Minifter  ot 
Cbrijl  Church,  London,    who  printed  an  Antapologia, 
of  three  Hundred  Pages  in  Quarto,  full  of  fuch  bit- 
ter Invedives,  that  the  Pacifick  Mr.  Burroughs  faid, 
«'  he  queflioned  whether  any  good  Man  ever  vented  fo 
**  much  Malice  againft  others,    whom  he  acknow- 
•*  ledged  to  be  pious  and  religious  Perfons.'*     But 
we  fhall  have  occafion  to  remember  this  Gentleman 
again  hereafter. 

Lord  Clarendon  and  Mr.  Eachard  reprefent  the  ///-r^"**  ^'V 
dependants  as  ignorant  and  illiterate  Enthufiafts  ;  and^^'^'^"^"' 
though  Mr.  Rapin  confefles,  he  knew  nothing  of  their 
Rife  and  Progrefs,  he  has  painted  chem  out  in  the^' 
moft  difadvantagious  Colours,  affirming,  "  That 
"  their  Principles  were  exceeding  proper  to  put  the 
"  Kingdom  into  a  Flame ;  that  they  abhorred  Mo- 
*'  narchy,  and  approved  of  none  but  a  Republican 
*'  Government,  and  that  as  to  Religion,  their  Prin- 
"  ciples  were  contrary  to  all  the  reft  of  the  World  ; 
"  that  they  would  not  endure  ordinary  Minifters  in 
"  the  Church,  but  every  one  among  them  prayed, 
"  preached,  admonifhed,  and  interpreted  Scripture, 
"  without  any  other  Call,  than  what  himfeU  drew 
*'  from  his  fuppofed  Gifcs,  and  the  Approbation  of 
«  h's  Hearers.'* 

'Tis  furprifing  fo  accurate  an  Hiftorian  fhould  take 
fuch  Liberties  with  Men  whofe  Principles  he  was  fo 
little  acquainted  with,  as  to  fay,  The  Independants  ab- 
horred Monarchy^  and  approved  of  none  hut  a  Republican 
Government.  Whereas  they  affure  the  World  in 
their  Apology,  That  they  prayed  publickly  for 
Kings,  and  ail  in  Authority,  This  was  no  Point  of 
Controverfy  between  them  and  the  Prefbyterians,  for 
when  they  hud  chc  King  in  their  Cuftody  they  ferved 

»••!..  IIL  L  him 


146  T/&^  HISTORY.        Vol.IIT, 

King  him  on  the  Knee,  and  in  all  probability  would  have 
Charles  I-reftored  him  to  all  the  Honours  of  his  Crown,  if  he 
\^^^^^  had  complied  with  their  Propofals.  When  they  were 
reproached  with  being  Enefnies  to  Magiflracy^  a  Decla- 
ration was  publifhed  by  ih^  Congregational  Societies  iTi 
and  about  London  in  the  Year  1647.  wherein  they  de- 
p.  8.  clare,  **  That  as  Magiflracy  and  Government  in  ge- 
"  neral  is  the  Ordinance  of  God,  they  do  not  dif- 
*'  approve  of  any  Form  of  civil  Government,  but 
"  do  freely  acknowledge^  that  a  kingly  Government^ 
' '  hounded  by  jiifi  and  wholefo?ne  Laws^  is  both  allowed 
"  by  God,  and  a  good  Accommodation  unto  Men** 
And  if  we  may  believe  Dr.  fVelwood,  when  the  Army 
refoived  to  fet  afide  the  prefent  King,  the  governing  Par- 
ty would  have  advanced  the  Duke  of  Gloucefier  to  the 
Throne  if  they  could  have  done  it  with  fafety.  With 
regard  to  Religion  he  adds.  Their  Principles  were  con- 
trary to  all  the  rejl  of  the  World ;  and  yet  they  gave 
their  Confent  to.  all  the  dodlrinal  Articles  of  the  Af- 
iembly's  Confeffion  of  Faith,  and  declared  in  their 
Apology,  their  Agreement  with  the  doftrinal  Ar- 
ticles of  the  Church  of  England^  and  with  all  the  l^ro- 
teftant  reformed  Churches  in  their  Harmony  ofConfef- 
fions,  differing  only  about  the  Jurifdi<5bion  of  ClafTes, 
Synods  and  Convocations,  and  the  Point  of  Liberty 
of  Confcience  —  Our  Hiflorian  adds,  that  they 
were  not  only  averfe  to  Epifcopacy,  but  would  not  endure 
fo  fnuch  as  ordinary  Minijlers  in  the  Church,  They  7nain- 
tained,  that  every  Man  might  pray  in  puhlick,  exhort 
his  Brethren  and  interpret  Scripture,  without  any  other 
Call  than  what  himfelf  drew  from  his  Zeal  and  fuppofed 
Gifts,  and  without  any  other  Authority  than  the  Approba- 
tion of  his  Hearers.  But  here  his  Annotator,  Mr.  Tin- 
dal,  rightly  obferves,  that  he  has  miftook  the  Inde- 
pendants  for  the  Brownijls  •,  the  Independants  had  their 
dated  Officers  in  the  Church  for  publick  Prayer, 
Preaching,  and  Adminiflring  the  Sacraments,  as 
Paflors,  Teachers,  and  Elders  (who  were  Ecclefialticks) 
and  Deacons  to  take  Care  of  the  Poor  j  nor  did  they 

..A  adnuc 


Chap.  IV.      ^  /^<f  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  147 

admit  of  Perfons  unordained  to  any  Office,  to  exer-    King 
cife  their  Gifts  publickly,    except  as  Probationers^  jj^Charlts  I. 
order  to  their  devoting  themfelves  to  the  Miniilry.  ^Ll^^^^ 
The  Words  of  their  ConfefTion  are;  "  The  Work^avoy 
**  of  Preaching  is  not  fo  peculiarly  confined  to  Pa-Conf.  /\to. 
"  ftors  and  Teachers,  but   that  others  alio  gifted,  P-2'4- 
<*  and  fitted  by  tlie  Holy  Ghofl  for  it,  and  appro-^"*  ^'^* 
*'  ved  [bcmg  by  lawful  Ways  and  Means ^  by  the  Pro- 
*'  vidence  of  God  called  thereunto)    may  pubhckly,  or- 
"  dinarily,    and  conftantly   perform  it,  fo  that  they 
**  give  the?nfelves  up  thereunto.**     'Tis  neceflary  the 
Reader  fhould   make  thefe  Remarks,    to  reftify  a 
Train  of  Miflakes  which  run  through  this  Part  of 
Mr.  Rapin*s  Hiftory,  and  to  convince  him,  that  the 
King's  Death  was  not  owing  to  the  diftmguifhing 
Tenets  of  any  Se6l  or  Party  of  Chriftians.  There  were 
indeed  fome  Republicans  and  Levellers  in  the  Army, 
whofe    Numbers    encreafed  after  they  delpaired  of 
bringing  the  King  into  their  Meafures,  but  *tis  well 
known  that  at  their  firft  Appearance,  Cromwell  by  his 
perfonal  Valour,  fuppreffed  them  with  the  Hazard 
of  his  Life.    Thefe  were  chiefiy  Anabaptijls,  and  pro- 
ved as  great  Enemies  to  the  Prote^or  as  to  the  King. 
But  there  is  nothing  in  the  Principles  of  the  Pref- 
byterianSy    Independants,    or  Anabapiijls    (as  far  as  I 
can  learn)  inconfiftent  with  Monarchy,  or  that  had 
a  natural  Tendency    to  put    the    Kingdom    into  a 
Flame. 

Mr.  Baxter^  who  was  no  Friend  to  the  Indepen- 
dants,  and  knew  them  much  better  than  the  above- 
mentioned  Writers,  admits,  "  That  moft  of  rhem Baxter's 
•*  were  zealous,    and  very  many  learned,    difcreetL'fe, 
'•  and  pious,  capable  of  being  very  ferviceable  to  the?*  ^40> 
•*  Church,    and  Searchers  in[o  Scripture  and  Anti- ^'^^" 
'*  quity  •,"  though  he  blames  them  on  other  Occafions, 
for  making  too  light   of  Ordination  ;  for  their  too 
great  Stridtnefs  in  the  Qualification  of  Church-Mem- 
bers ;    for  their  popular  Form  of  Church-Govern- 
ment i  and  their  too  much  exploding  of  Synods  and 

L  2  Coun- 


148  IT/^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King    Councils  ;    but  then  adds,     "  I   faw  a    commend- 
Charles  I. «  ^j^j^  q^^^  ^p  ^^^-^^^  Holinefs  and   Difcipline  in 

\^,r-^-^  "  mofl  of  the  Independant  Churches ;  and  1  found, 
"  th'at  fome  Epifcopal  Men,  of  whom  Archbifhop 
"  UJher  was  one,  agreed  with  them  in  this,  that  eve- 
"  ry  Bifhop  was  independent,  and  that  Synods  and 
**  Councils  were    not    fo  much  for  Government  as 
*'  Concord."     And  I  may  venture  to  declare,  that 
thefe  are  the  Sentiments  of  almoft  all  the  Proteftanc 
Non-Conformifts  ifi  England  a.\:  this  Day. 
of  the   /^"^  There  was  not    one  profeiled  Anahaptift   in    the 
Anabap-   Affembly,  but  their  Sentiments  began  to  fpread  won- 
derfully without  Doors.     Their  Teachers  were  for 
the  moft  part  illiterate,    though  Mr.  Baxter  fays. 
Life,        <t  He  found  many  of  them  fober,  godly,  and  zea- 
p.  i4o»     <4  lous,  not  differing  from  their  Brethren  but  as  to 
"  Infant  Baptifm."     Thefe  joining  with  the  Inde- 
pendanls  in  the  Point  of  Difcipline  and  Toleration, 
made  them  the  more  confiderable,    and  encouraged 
their  Oppofition  to  the  Prejbyterians  who  were  for 
\      eftablifhing  their  own  Difcipline,  without  regard  to 
\^  fuch  as  differ'd  from  them. 
SetfT     '^  ^^  "°''  ^°  ^^  wonder'd,  that  fo  many  Parties, 
fembiy.      ^^^^  different  Views,  fhould  entangle  the  Proceedings 
of  this  venerable  Body,    and  protradb  the  intended 
Union  with  the  Scots^  though  as  foon  as  the  Covenant 
was  taken  they  enter'd  upon  that  Affair,  the  Parlia- 
ment having  fent  them  the  following  Order,  dated 
O^oh.  12.  1643. 

f.«tr''    "  I  TPON  ferious  Confideration  of  the   prefenc 

about  Di-  "  L*"  ^^^^^  of  Affairs,  the  Lords  and  Commons 

fciplitie.     "  affembled  in   this   prefent   Parliament   do  order, 

"  That  the   Affembly  of  Divines,    and  others,  do 

**  forthwith  confer,  and  treat  among  themfeives,  of 

"  fuch  a  Difcipline  and  Government  as  may  be  moft 

«'  agreeable  to  God's  holy  Word,  and  moft  apt  to 

"  procure  and  preferve  the  Peace  of  the  Church  at 

*'  home,  and  a  nearer  Agreement  with  the  Church 

"  of 


Chap.  IV.       o/* //6^  Pur  I  TANS.  149 

"  oi  Scotland^  Sec.  to  be  fettled  in  this  Church  inftead     Khg 
*'  of  the  prelent  Church  Government    by   Archbi-^^^''^".^* 
*'  Ihops,  Bifliops,  ^c.    which  it  is  rcfolved  to  take^^^?1^ 
"  away  j  and  to  deliver  their  Advice  touching  the 
"  fanie  to  both  Houfes  of  Parliament  with  all  con- 
"  venient  fpeed.'* 

Hereupon  the  AlTembly  fet  themfelves  to  enquire 
into  the  Conftitution  of  the  Primitive  Church  in  the 
Days  of  the  Apoftles,  which  being  founded  upon  the 
Model  of  the  Jezvijh  Synagogues,  gave  the  Ligbifoots,  Light- 
the  SeldeNS,    the  Cole?nam,    and    other    Mafters    of^°°?'*  ^.'^' 
Jewi/b  Antiquities,    an  Opportunity  of  <^i^playingp^^x"p  g" 
their  fuperior  Learning,  by  new  and  unheard  of  In- 
terpretations of  Scripture,  whereby  the  warmer  Pref- 
byterians  were  frequently  difconcerted,  whofe  Plan 
of  Difcipline  they  had  no  mind  fhould  receive  the 
Stamp  of  an  Apojlolick  San^ion  in    the  Church  of 
Efigland. 

But  it  was  a  capital  Miftake  in  the  Proceedings  of 
Parliament,  to  deftroy  one  Building  before  they 
were  agreed  upon  another.  The  ancient  Order  of 
Worlhip  and  Difcipline  in  the  Church  of  England  was 
fet  afide  above  twelve  Months  before  any  other  Form 
was  appointed  ;  no  wonder  therefore,  that  in  this  Time 
Se5fs  and  Divifions  arrived  to  fuch  a  Pitch,  that  it  was 
not  in  their  Power  afterwards  to  deftroy.  Committees 
indeed  were  appointed  to  prepare  Materials  for  the 
Debate  of  the  AlTembly  ;  fome  for  Difcipline,  and 
others  for  JVorJhip^  which  were  argued  in  their  Or» 
der,  but  then  laid  afide  without  being  perfefted,  or 
fent  up  to  Parliament  to  receive  the  San6tion  of  a  ' 
Law.  Nothing  can  be  alJedged  in  excuse  for  this, 
but  their  backwardnefs  to  unite  with  the  Scots,  or  the 
Profpedl  the  Parliament  might  yet  have  of  an  Agree- 
ment with  the  King, 

The  firft  Point  that  came  upon  the  Carpet  waso/  odl- 
the  Ordination  of   Ministers',  which  was  the""''^"- 
more  necelTary,  becaufe  the  ^ifhops  refufed  to  ordain 

L  3  any 


150  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

KiKg    any  who  were  noc  in  the  Intereft  of  the  Crown  :  This 

Chades  l-g^ve  occafion  to  enquire  into  the  ancie^it  Right  of  Pre/- 
y^^^-yi^  byters  to  Ordain  •without  a  Bijhop,  which  meeting  with 
feme  Oppofuion,  the  Committee  propofed  a  tempo- 
rary Provjfion  till  the  Matter  could  be  fettled,  and 
ofiered  theff"  two  Queries. 

Firjl^  "  Whether  in  extraordinary  Cafes  fomethipg 
"  extraordinary  may  not  be  admitted,  till  a  fettled  Or- 
"  der  can  be  fixed,  yet  keeping  as  near  to  the  Rule  as 
"  poffible? 

Secondly,  "  Whether  certain  Minifters  of  this  City 
"  may  not  be  appointed  to  ordain  Minifters  in  the 
"  City  and  Neighbourhood,  for  a  certain  Time, 
"  jurefraternitntis  ?  '* 

To  the  laft  of  which  the  Independants  enter'd  their 
Diffent,  unlels  the  Ordination  was  attended  with  the 
previous  Eleftion  of  fome  Church.     New  Difficulties 
being  continually  ftarted,  upon  this  and  fome  other 
Heads,  the  Scots  Commiflioners  were  out  of  all  Pati- 
ence, and  applied  to  the  City  Minifters  to  petition  the 
Parliament  to  call  for  the  Advice  of  the  JJfembly.     The 
Petition  was  prefented  cS"^//.  1 8.   1644.  in  which,  ha- 
ving  reminded   the  Commons   of  their  Ret?ionflrance, 
wherein  they  declare,    it  was  not  their  Intention  to 
Jet  loofe  the  golden  Reins  of  Difcipline ;  and  of  their 
National  Covenant,    wherein  they   had  engaged  to 
the  moft  high  God,    to  fettle  an  Uniformity  in  the 
Ruilrvv.     Church,  they  add,  "  Give  us  leave,  we  befeech  you, 
^^I'o^'    "  *"  purfuance  of  our  National  Covenant,  to  figh 
^  '  °'     "  out  our  Sorrows  at  the  Foot  of  this  honourable  Se- 
"  nate.     Through  many  erroneous  Opinions,  ruina- 
'^  ling  Schifms,  and  damnable  Herefies,  unhappily 
*»  foment^  in  this  City  and  Country,  the  orthodox 
"   Miniftry  is  negleded,    the    People  are   feduced, 
■*'  Congregations  torn  afunder.    Families  diftra<5ted, 
«  Rights  and  Duties  of  Relations,  National,  Civil,  and 
**  Spiritual,  fcandaloufly  violated,  the  Power  of  Godli- 
**  nefs  decayed,  Parliamentary  Authority  undermined, 
-'  fearful  Confufions   introduced.,    imipinent  Deftru- 

*'  dion 


Chap.  rV.      dj/"  /^^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  151 

"  ftion  threatened,  and  in  part  inflicted  upon  us  late-     J^^f^ 

"  ly  in  tne  Weft.     May  it  therefore  pleafe  your  Wif- Charles  T. 

"  doms,  as  a  fovereign  Remedy  for  the  Removal  o^  ej->^t^ 

*'  our  prefenc  Miferies,    and  preventing  their  fur- 

"  ther  Progrefs,   to  expedite  a  Direcflory  for  publick 

*'  Worlhiu,  to  accelerate  the  Eftablifhmenc  of  a  pure 

''  Dilcipline  and  Government,  according  to  the  Word 

"  of  God,  and  the  Example  of  tre  beft  Reformed 

'*  Churches,  and  to  take  away  all  Obftrucftions  that 

*'  may  impede  and  retard  our  humble  Df  fires."  Upon /4^t;/Vf  0/ 

this  the  Afiembly  were  ordered  to  fend  up  their  hum-*^^  /'JTim- 

hie  Jdvice  upon  this  Head  •,  which  was  to  the  following   ''* 

EfFe6l,  [Sept.!!."]  (viz.)  That  in  this  prefent  Exigency, 

while  there  were  no  Prefbyteries,  yec  it  being  necef- 

fary  that  Minifters  Ihould  be  ordained  for  the  Army 

and   Navy,    and  for  the  Service  of  many  deftitute 

Congregations,  by  fome  who  having  been  ordained 

themfclves,  have  Power  to  join  in  the  fetting  apart 

of  others  :  They  advife, 

(i.j  That  an  Aflbciation  of  fome  godly  Minifters n-/,   P-im. 
in  and  about  the  City  of  London  be  appointed  by  pub-  P^"^^„""^* 
Jick  Authority,   to  ordain  Minifters  for  the  City  and 
the  neighbouring  Parfs,  keeping  as  near  to  the  Rule 
as  may  be. 

(2.)  That  the  like  AfTociations  be  made  by  the 
fame  Authority  in  great  Towns  and  neighbouring 
Parifties  in  the  feveral  Counties  which  are  ac  prefent 
quiet  and  undifturbed. 

(3.)  That  fuch  as  are  chofen,  or  appointed  for  the 
Service  of  the  Army  or  Navy,  being  well  recom- 
mended, be  ordained  as  aforefaid,  by  the  afTociaied 
Minifters  of  London y  or  fome  others  in  the  Country  i 
and  the  like  for  any  other  Congregations  that  want  a 
Minifter. 

According  to  this  Advice  the  two  Houfes  paft 
an  Ordinance,  O^ob.  2.  for  the  Ordination  of  Mini- 
fters pro  tempore,  which  appoints  the  following  ten 
Perfons,  being  Prefbyters,  and  Members  of  the  Af- 
fembly,    to  examine  and  ordain,    by  Impoficion  cf 

L  4  Hands, 


15-2  ry^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

Kin^     Hands,  all  thofe  whom  they  (hall  judge  qualified  to 
Charles  I.  ^^  admitted  into  ciie  facrcd  Miniftry,  (viz.) 

Dr.  Cornelius  Burgefs,  Jf- 

fejfor. 
Dr.  William  Gouge, 
Mr.  John  Ley, 
Mr.  George  Walker, 
Mr.  Edmund  Calamy, 


Mr.  Starkey  Gower, 
Mr.  John  Conant, 
Mr.  Humphrey  Chambers^ 
Mr.  Henry  Roborough, 
Mr.  Dan.  Cawdrey, 


And  the  following  Thirteen  being  Prefbyters  of 
the  City  of  London,  but  not  Members  of  the  Aflem^ 

bly,  viz. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  John  Down- 
ham, 
Mr.  Charles  Off. 

fpring, 
Mr.  Richard  Lee, 
Mr.  Tim.  Dod, 
Mr.  James  Cran^ 

ford, 
Mr.Tho.Horton, 


IheRev.  Mr.  Tho.  Glen- 
don, 
Mr.  Sam.  Clarke, 
Mr.  Arthur  Jack- 

fon, 
Mr.  Em.  Bourne, 
Mr.  Fulk  Billers, 
Mr.  Fr.  Roberts, 
Mr.  Leon. Cooke. 


Any  Seven,    or  more,  to  be  a  ^orum,  and   all 
Perlons  fo  ordained  to  be  reputed  Minifters  of  the 
Church  of  England,    fufficiently  authorized  for  any 
Office  or  Employment  therein,    and  capable  of  all 
Advantages  appertaining  to  the  fame.     Their  Rules 
for  Examination,  and  Trial  of  Candidates,  will  be 
feen  the  next  Year,  when  this  Affair  was  fully  fettled. 
In  the  mean  Time  another  Ordinance  paft  the  Hou- 
fes,  for  the  Benefit  of  the  County  of  Lancajler,  where- 
by the   Reverend    Mr.    Charles  Herle,   Mr.  Richard 
Her  nek,  Mr.  Hyet,    Mr.  Bradjhaw,    Mr.  Ifaac  Am^ 
hrofe^t  tmd  others,  to  the  Number  of  Twenty  one, 
had  full   Power  given  them  to  ordain  pro  tempore  in 
the  County  ot  Lancajier.     And  to  obviate  the  Re- 
proaches of  the  Oxford  Divines,  the  following  Claufe 

was 


Chap.  IV.      of  the  Puritans.'  i^^ 

was  added,  that  "  If  any  Perfon  do  publickly  prpach,     Kh^ 
"  or  otherwife  exercife  any  minifterial  Office,  that^^arlcs  r. 
*'  fhall  not  be  ordained,  or  thereunto  allowed  by  fe-    i^li^. 
"  ven  of  the  faid  Minifters,  their  Names  fhall  be  re-  ""^^^ 
"  turned  to  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  to  be  dealt 
*'  with  as  they  in   their  Wifdom  iliall    think  fit.** 
It  was  voted  further,  that  "No  Minifter  be  allowed  Pari.  chr. 
"  to  preach,  unlels  he  has  a  Certificate  of  his  Ordina-P*  151. 
'•  tion,  or  at  lead  of  his  being  examined  and  appro- 
*'  ved  by  the  AfTembly.**     And  Feb.  16.  at  a  Con- 
ference between  the  two  Houfes  it  was  agreed,  Thac 
the  AfTembly  of  Divines  bedefired  to  admit  none  in- 
to their  Pulpits,  but  fuch  whofe  Dodrine  they  would 
be  anfwerable  for.     Such  was  the  Concern  of  the  Parr 
Jiament  in  thefe  diftradted  Times,  to  have  a  fober  and 
well  regulated  Clergy. 

Next  to  the  providing  for  a  SuccefTion  of  Minifters  ^^«^«:y 
by    Ordination,     the    AfTembly   confulted     about  ^^^J^-^'"^ 
Form  of  publick  Devotion  ;  for  the  old  Liturgy  be-       ^^' 
ing  laid  afide  there  were  no  publick  OiBces  in  the 
Church :  A    Committee    was    therefore   appointed, 
OBob,    ly.    1643.    to  agree    upon    certain    general 
Heads,  tor  the  Diredlion  of  the  Minifter  in  the  Dif- 
charge  of  his  Office,  which  having  pafTed  through 
the  AfTembly,  were  fent  into  Scotland,  for  the  Ap- 
probation of  the  General  AfTembly,  and  then  efla- 
blifhed  by  an  Ordinance  of  Parliament  bearing  Date 
Jan.  Q^,   164*.  under  the  Title  of  a  Directory  FOR 
Publick  Worship. 

The  Reafons  which  induced  the  Parliament  to  dif- 
card  the  old  Liturgy,  and  form  a  new  Plan  for  the 
Devotion  of  the  Church,  I  ffiall  tranfcribe  from  their 
own  Preface.    "  *Tis  evident  (fay  they)  after  long  and  P'-^f  '" 
*'  fad  Experience,  that  the  Liturgy  ufed  in  the  Church  '^^^^^°^1' 
*^  o[ England,  notwithftanding  all  the  Pains  and  reli- 
"  gious  Intentions  of    the  Compilers,    has  proved 
"  an  Offence  to  many  of  the  Godly  at  home,  and  to 
"  the   relormed  Churches  abroad.     The   Enjoining 
"  the  reading  all  the  Prayers,  heightened  the  Grie- 

"  varces  9 


154  ^Ty^^  HISTORY         Vol.  III. 

King  *'  varices;  and  the  many  unprofitable  and  burden- 
Charles  Let  fome  Ceremonies  has  occafioned  fnuch  Mifchief, 
vJ^oL/ "  by  difquieting  theConfciencesof  many,  who  could 
"  not  yield  to  them.  Sundry  good  People  have,  by 
"  this  Means,  been  kept  from  the  Lord's  Table, 
**  and  many  faithful  Minifters  debarred  from  the 
"  Exercife  of  their  Miniftry,  to  the  Ruin  of  them 
*'  and  their  Families.  The  Prelates  and  their  Fa- 
*'  dlion  have  raifed  their  Eftimatbn  of  it  to  fuch  an 
*'  Height,  as  if  God  could  be  vvorlliipped  no  other 
"  Way  but  by  the  Service  Book ;  in  confequence  of 
*'  which  the  Preaching  of  the  Word  has  been  de- 
*'  preciated,  and  in  fome  Places  entirely  neg- 
^'  ledted.  •* 

"  In  the  mean  Time  the  Papifls  have  made  their 
*'  Advantage  this  way,  boafling,  that  the  Common 
*'  Prayer  Book  came  up  to  a  Couipliance  with  a 
*'  great  Part  of  their  Service  i  by  which  Means  they 
"  were  not  a  little  confirmed  in  their  Idolatry  and 
*'  Superftition,  efpecially  of  late,  when  new  Cere- 
«*  monies  where  daily  obtruded  on  the  Church. 

"  Befides,  the  Liturgy  fias  given  great  Encou- 
**  ragement  to  an  idle,  and  unedifying  Miniftry, 
*'  who  chofe  rather  to  confine  themfelves  to  Forms 
"  made  to  their  Hands,  than  to  exert  themfelves  in 
"  the  Exercife  of  the  Gift  of  Prayer,  with  which 
*«  our  Saviour  furnifhes  all  thofe  whom  he  calls  to 
"  that  Office. 

"  For  thefe,  and  many  other  weighty  Confidera- 
"  tions,  relating  to  the  Book  in  general,  befides  di- 
*'  vers  Particulars,  which  are  ajuft  Ground  of  Of- 
•^  fence,  it  is  thought  advifeable  to  fet  afide  the  for- 
*'  mer  Liturgy,  with  the  many  Rites  and  Ceremo- 
'*  nies  formerly  ufed  in  the  Worfhip  of  God,  not  out 
"  of  any  i\ffe6lation  of  Novelty,  nor  with  an  In- 
•^ii»'  tention  to  difparage  our  firft  Reformers,  but  that 
'•'  we  may  anfwer  in  fome  Meafure  the  gracious  Pro- 
♦'  vidence  of  God,  which  now  calls  upon  us  for  a  fur- 
*'  ther  Reformation  j  that  we  may  fatisfy  our  own 

*^  Con- 


Chap.  IV.      of  the  VuRiTAKsl  15^ 

it  «<  Confciences ;  anfwer  the  Expe6lations  of  other  re-     Kmg 
'   **  formed  Churches ;  eafe  the  Conlcicnces  of  many  Charles  I. 
*'  godly  Perfons  among  our  felvcs ;  and  give  a  pub-  ilftij 
♦'  lick  Tertimony  of  our  Endeavours  after  an  Uni-  ^»^- 
•'  formity  in  divine  Worfhip,  purfuant  to  what  wc 
*'  had    promikd    in    our  Solemn  League  and  Covs- 

Ic  has  been  obferved,  that  the  Dire^ory  is  not  an 

'  abfolute  Form  of  Devotion,    but  agreeably   to  it$ 

'   Title,  contains  only  fome  general  Direftions,  taken 

partly  from  the  Word  of  God,  and  partly  from  Rules  of 

Chrillian  Prudence  -,  It  points  out  the  Heads  of  pubiick 

Prayer,  of  Preaching,  and  other  Parts  of  the  Pafto- 

ral   Fundlion,    leaving   the  Minifler  a  difcretionary 

I  Latitude  to  fill  up  the  Vacancies  according  to  his 

\  Abilities.  It  is  divided  into  feveral  Chapters,  and  being 

a  Book  of  a  pubiick  Nature,  comprehending  all  the 

I  Peculiarities  of  the  Prefbyterian  Reformation,  I  have 

given  ic  a  Place  in  the  Appendix.     Mr.  Fuller  ob-Appcndir, 

lerves.  That  the  Independants  in  the  Ailembly  wereN'^lI' 

!  hardly  perfwaded   to  confenc  to"  it,    for  fear  of  in- P- 2.2.1. 

fringing  the  Liberty  of  Prayer,  but  being  admitted 

to  qualify  fome  Things  in  the  Preface  they  complied. 

j  The  Committee  that  compofed    the  Preface  were 

Mr.  iVy^,    Mr.  Bridges^    Mr.  Burges,  Mr.  Tho.  Good- 

wifi,    all   Independants ;     Mr,  Fines,    Mr.  Reynolds, 

Mr.  Mar/hall,  and  Dr.  Temple,   with  the  Scofs  Com- 

mifll  oners. 

The  Dire^ory  pafTed  the  AfTembly  with  great 
Unanimity  ;  thofe  that  were  for  fet  Forms  of  Prayer 
refolving  to  confine  themfelves  to  the  very  Words  of 
the  Diredlory,  while  Others  made  ufe  of  them  only 
as  Heads  for  their  Enlargement. 

Ic  may  not  be  improper  in  this  Place  to  advife  ihtrarrathnt 
Reader  of  the  following  Variations  introduced  into  the'"^^^  ^'' 
Church  upon  this  Occafion.    Inftead  of  one  prefcribed'^^^^^^'^jf,. 
Form  of  Prayer  the  DireBory  only  points  out  certain  ccotwo« 
Topicks  on  which  the  Minifter  might  enlarge.     T\\ti^raycr. 
■^hole  Apocrypha  is  rejefted  j  Private  and,  Lay  Baptifmy 

with 


,56  r>6^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IIL 

King  with  the  Ufe  of  God-Fathers  and  God-Mothers,  and 
Charles  I.  the  Sign  oi  [he  Crofs,  are  difcontinued.  In  the  Sacra- 
yl^'^''^'  ment  of  the  Lord's  Supper  no  mention  is  made  of 
''^  private  Communion,  or  adminiftring  it  to  the  Sick. 
The  Jltar  with  Rails  is  changed  into  a  Communion 
Table,  to  be  placed  in  the  Body  of  the  Church, 
about  which  [he  People  might  ftand  or  fit.  Kneeling 
not  being  thought  fo  proper  a  Pofture.  The  Prefby- 
terians  were  for  giving  the  Power  of  the  Keys  into 
the  Hands  of  the  Minijlers  and  Elders,  as  the  Inde- 
pendants  were,  to  the  whole  Brotherhoods  but  Light' 
foot,  Selden,  Coleman,  and  others,  were  for  an  open 
Communion,  to  whom  the  Parliament  were  moft  in- 
cHnable,  for  all  they  would  yield  was,  that  the  Mi' 
tiifier  immediately  before  the  Co?nmunion  fhould  warn  in 
the  Name  of  Chrift,  all  fiich  as  are  ignorant,  fcandalous^ 
;prophane,  or  that  Uve  in  any  Sin  or  Offence  againfi  their 
Knowledge  or  Confcience,  that  they  prefume  not  to  come  to 
that  holy  Table,  jhewing  them,  That  he  that  eatetb  and 
drinketh  unworthily  eateth  and  drinketb  Judgment  to  him- 
felf.  The  Prohibition  of  Marriage  in  L(?»/,  and  the 
Ufe  of  the  Rhjg,  is  laid  afide.  in  the  Vifitation  of 
the  Sick,  no  mention  is  made  of  private  Confeflion, 
or  authoritative  Abfolution.  No  Service  is  appoint- 
ed for  the  Burial  of  the  Bead.  All  particular  Veft- 
ments  for  Priefts  or  Minillers,  and  all  Saints  Days 
are  dilcarded.  It  has  been  reckon*d  a  confiderable 
Omifllon,  that  the  Diredory  does  not  enjoin  reading  the 
Cur.  -Apojtles  Creed  and  the  'TenCommandments ;  Lord  Claren- 
Vol.  11.  don  reports,  that  when  this  was  obferved,  in  private 
p.  5S8.  Converraiion  at  the  Treaty  of  Uxbridge,  the  Earl  of 
Pembrook  faid.  He  was  forry  for  the  Omifllon,  but 
that  upon  a  Debace  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  it  was 
carried  in  the.  Negacive  by  eight  or  nine  Voices. 
Which  made  many  fmile(fays  his  Lordfhip;)  but  the 
Jejl  wiil  be  loft,  when  the  Reader  is  informed,  that 
the  Queftion  in  the  Houfe  was  not.  Whether  the 
Creed  Ihould  be  received  or  rejctfled,  but  whether  it 
Ihould  be  printed  wiih  the  Bire^ory  for  JVorfJjip ;  it 

being 


Chap.  IV.      of  the  Puritan  s.  157 

being  apprehended  more    proper  for  a  Confejfwn  of    King 
Failh  ;   and  accordingly  the  Creed   and   Ten  Com- Charles  L 
mandments  were  added  to   the  AJfemblies  Conj'efion^  s^r>r^ 
publilhcd  a  Year  or  two  forwards.     Thr  Ordinance 
for  eftablifhing  the  Dirioior-j  repeals  and  makes  void 
the   Adls  of  Edward   VI.   and   Queen   Elizabethy  by 
which  the  old  Liturgy  was  eftabliOied,  and  forbids 
the  Ufe  of  it  within  any  Church,  Chapel,   or  Place  of 
publick   Worfhip  in  England  or   Wales^    appointing 
the  Ufe  of  the  Direolor-j  in  its  room  ;  and  thus  it  con- 
tinued t'il  the  Reftoration  of  King  Charles  II.  when 
the   Conftitution   being   reftored,    the    old   Liturgy 
took  Place  again,  the  Ordinance  for  its  Repeal  ha- 
ving never  obtained  the  royal  Affenr. 

It  was  a  confiderable  Time  before  this  great  He- rJe succefj 
volution  in  the  Form  of  publick  Worfiiip  touk  place''/ ^^« 
over   the  whole  Kingdom.     In    fome  Parts   t-f    the 
Country  the  Church- Wardens  could  not  procure  a  Di- 
re^ory,  and  in  others  they  defpifcd  it,  and  coniinued 
the  old  Common  Prayer  Book  -,  fome  would  read  no  Form, 
and  others   would  ufe  one  of  their  own.     In  order 
therefore  to  give  Life  to  the  Dire^ory,  the  Parliament 
next  Summer  called  in  all  Common  Prayer  Books^  and 
impofed  a  Fine  upon  thofe  Minifters  that  fliould  read 
any  other  Form  than  that  contained  in  the  Dire£iory. 
The  Ordinance  is  dated  Aug.  23.  1645.  and  cnads, 
that  "  the  Knights  and  Burgeffes  of  the  feveral  Coun- 
ties in  England  zud.  JVales  fhall  fend  printed  'Qook^ crdir.ame 
of  the  Directory  fairly  Bound  to  the  Committee  of/"«»" ^"Z"'- 
Parliament  in  their  feveral  Counties,  who  fhall  de-  ^J'?'^  jf''^ 
liver  them  to  the  Officers  of  the  feveral  Parifhesj/Z^^^^^, 
in  England zVidlValrSy   by  whom  they  fhall  be  deli-^ufhw. 
vered  to  the  feveral   Minifters  of  each  Parifh.     ItParclV. 
ordains  further,  That  the  feveral   iVjinifters  next  Vol.  I. 
Lord's  Day  after  their  receiving  the  Book  of  the  Di-^  '°^' 
re^ory  fhall    read     it  openly   in    their  refpeflive 

Churches  before  Morning  Sermon.     It  then 

forbids  the  Ufe  of  the  Common  Prayer  Book  in 
any  Church,  Chapel,  or  Place  of  publick  Wor- 

♦«•  fhip, 


158  77j^  H  I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

Khg     <«  fhip,  or  in  any  private  Place  or  Family,  under 
Charles  l.ic  Penalty  of  five  Pounds  for  the  firft  Offence,  ten 
,LJ^  **  for  the  fecond,  and  for  the  third  a  Year's  Impri- 
*'  fonment.    Such  Minifters  as  do  not  obferve  the 
«'  Dire^ory  in  all  Exercifes  of  publick  Worfliip  fhall 
*'  forfeit  forty  Shillings  *,  and  they  who  v.'ith  a  De- 
*«  fign  to  bring  the  Dire^ory  into  Contempt,    or  to 
"  raife  Oppofition  to    it,    fhall  preach,    write,    or 
«  print  any  Thing  in  Derogation  of  it,  fliall  forfeit  a 
«'  Sum  of  Money  not  under  five  Pounds,  nor  more 
*'  than  fifty,  to  be  given  to  the  Poor.     All  Com- 
«<  mon  Prayer  Books  remaining  in  Parifh  Churches 
««  or  Chapels  are  ordered,  wichin  a  Month,  to  be 
"  carried  to  the  Committee  of  the  feveral  Counties, 
'*  to  be  difpofed  of  as  the  Parliament  fhall  direft.** 
jiemarks,      Thefe  were  the  firft  Fruits  of  Prefbyterian  Unifor- 
mity, and  are  equally  to  be  condemned  with  the  Se- 
verities and  Oppreflions  of  the  late  Times ;  for  tho* 
it  fhould  be  admitted,  that  the  Parliament  or  Legi- 
flature  had  a  Right  to  abrogate  the  Ufe  of  the  Comjnon 
Prayer  Book  in  Churches,  was  it  not  highly  unreafon- 
able  to  forbid  the  Reading  it  in  private  Families  or 
Clofets?  Surely  the  Devotion  of  a  private  Family  could 
be  no  Difturbance  to  the  Publick  -,  nor  is  it  any  Ex- 
cufe  to  fay,  that  very  few  fufi^sred  by  it,  becaufe  the 
Law  is  ftill   the  fame,  and  equally  injurious  to  the 
natural  Rights  of  Mankind. 
icing  for-       Though  his  Majefty's  Afi^airs  were  very  defperate 
iids  the     ^fter  the  Battle  of  Najeby,  yet  he  had  the  Courage  to 
vfeofit.    fQi-bid  the  Ufe  of  the  new  Dire^ory,  and  enjoin  the 
Riiihvv.     Continuance  of  the  Common  Prayer^  by  a  Proclama- 
Vol.I.  '    tion  from  0>;/or^,  dated  A^ovifw/'.  13.   1645.  in  which 
p.  Z07.     his  Majefty  takes  Notice,  that  "  the  Book  of  Com- 
*'  mon  Prayer  being  a  moft  excellent  Form  of  Wor- 
"  fhip,  grounded  on  the  Holy  Scriptures,   is  a  great 
"  Help  to  Devotion,  and  tends  to  preferve  an  Uni- 
'*  formity  in  the  Church  of  England  j  whereas  the 
**  Direftory  gives  liberty  to  ignorant,  fadious,  and 
*'  evil  Men,  10  broach  their  own  Fancies  and  Con- 

^  ceics, 


Chap. IV.      of  the  VvYLiTfiL^t.  j^^ 

«'  ceits,  and  utter  thofe  Things  in  their  long  Prayers    King 

'»  which  no  confcientious  Man   can  aflenc  to  i  and^^"^"  ^« 

«  be  the  Minifter  never  fo  pious,  it  breaks  in  upon  the^Jf  ^J^ 

"  Uniformityofpublick  Service.     And  whereas  this ^^'^ 

"  Alteration  is  introduced  by  an  Ordinance  of  ParJia- 

*'  ment,  inflifling  Penalties  on  Offenders,  which  was 

"  never  pretended  to  be  in  their  Power  without  our 

*<  Confent;    Now,  leaft  our  Silence  Ihould  be  inter- 

"  preted  as  a  Connivance  in  a  Matter  fo  highly  con- 

*'  cerning  the  Worlhip  of  God,  and  the  eftablifhed 

*«  Laws  of  the  Kingdom,    we  do  therefore  require 

<'  and  command  all  Miniflers  in  all  Cathedrals  and 

«*  Parifh  Churches,  and  all  other  Places  of  publick 

*'  Worfhip,  that  the  faid  Book  of  Common  Prayer 

*'  be  kept  and  ufed  in  all  Churches,  Chapels,  &c, 

«'  according  to  the  Statute  frimo  Eliz,  and  that  the 

«'  Dire<5tory  be  in  no   fort  admitted,    received,    or 

<«  ufed  •,  and  whenfoever  it  fliall  pleafe  God  to  reftore 

"  us  to  Peace,  and  the  Laws  to  their  due  Courfe,  we 

«'  fhall    require  a    ftrid  Account,  and  Profecution 

*«  againft  the  Breakers  of  the  faid  Law.     And  in  the 

«'  mean  Time,  in  fuch  Places  where  we  fhall  come 

««  and  find  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  fuppreffed 

«  and  laid  afide,  and  the  Directory  introduced,  we 

*'  Ihall  account  all  thofe  that  are  Aiders.  Adors,  or 

"  Contrivers  therein,  to  be  Perfons  difaffedted  to  the 

«'  Religion  and  Laws  eftablifhed.'* 

His  Majefty  likewifc  iffued  out  Warrants  under  his 
own  Hand,  to  the  Heads  of  the  C/w/'L'^'r/;/)',  command- 
ing them  to  read  divine  Service  as  ufual,  Morning 
and  Evening  *,  and  afTured  his  Peers  at  Oxford^  that  he 
was  ftill  determined  to  live  and  die  for  the  Privileges  , 
of  his  Crown,  his  Friends,  and  Church  Government. 

About  this  Time  the  Anabaptists  began  ioRifeand 
make  a  confiderable  Figure,  and  fpread  themfelves^''''^'tA  «/ 
into  feveral    feparate  Congregations.     We  have  al-!.^^='_ 
ready  diftinguifhed  the  German  Anabaptifts  from  thebaptifls. 
Englijh,  whodiffer'd  only  from  their  Proteftant  Bre- 
thren about  the  Subjed  and  Mode  oiBapiJm  j  thefe 

were 


me. 


160  r.&<?  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  lit 

Kwg  were  divided  into  Generals  and  Particulars,  from  their 
Charles  I.  different  Sentiments  upon  the  Arminian  Conivovtriy  ; 
l^^^  the  former  appeared  in  HollamU  where  Mr.  Smith 
their  Leader  publiJhed  a  ConfefTion  of  Faith  in  the 
Year  161  r.  which  Mr.  Robinfon,  the  Minifler  of  the 
Independant  Congregation  at  Leyden  anlwercd  in 
1614.  but  the  Severity  of  thofe  Times  would  not  ad- 
mit them  to  venture  into  England.  The  Particular 
Baptijls  wereUrl^  Calvinijls,  and  were  fo  called,  from 
their  Belief  of  the  Doctrines  of  particular  Ele^ion, 
Redemption,  &c.  They  feparated  from  the  Indepen- 
dant Congregation  about  the  Year  1638.  and  fet  up 
for  themfelves  under  the  Paftoral  Care  of  Mr.  Jejfe^ 
(as  has  been  related)  but  having  renounced  their  for- 
mer Baptifm,  they  fent  over  one  of  their  Number, 
MS^.  penes j^Mr.  Blunt"]  to  be  dipp*d  by  one  of  the  Dutch  Ana- 
baptlits  o^ Amjlerdam,  that  he  might  be  qualified  to 
baptize  his  Friends  in  England  after  the  fame  Manner. 
A  ftrange  and  unaccountable  Condudl !  for  unlefs  the 
Dutch  Anabaptifts  could  derive  their  Pedigree  in  an 
uninterrupted  Line  from  the  Apoftles,  the  firft  Re- 
viver of  thisUfage  mufl  have  been  unbaptized,  and 
confequently  not  capable  of  communicating  the  Ordi- 
nance to  others.  But  upon  Mr.  Blunt^s  Return,  he 
baptized  Mr.  Blacklock  a  Teacher,  and  Mr.  BlacHock 
dipped  the  refl  of  the  Society,  to  the  Number  of  Fifty- 
three,  in  this  prefent  Year  1644.  "  Prefuming  up- 
"  on  the  Patience  of  the  State  (lays  Dr.  Fe ally)  they 
"  have  Rebaptized  one  Hundred  Men  and  Women 
"  together,  in  the  Twilight,  in  Rivulets,  and  fome 
*'  Arms  oi  the  Thames,  and  elfewhere,  dipping  them 
"  over  Head  and  Ears.  They  have  printed  divers 
"  Pamphlets  in  Defence  oi  their  Herefy  (fays  the 
*'  fame  Author)  and  challenged  fome  of  our  Preach- 
*'  ers  to  a  Difputation."  Nay,  fo  wonderfully  did  this 
Opinion  prevail,  that  there  were  no  Icfs  than  Forty 
feven  Congregations  in  the  Country,  and  feven  in 
London  at  this  Time,  who  publifhed  a  ConfelTion  of 
their  Faith,  figned  in  the  Name  of  their  Congrega- 
tions, 


Chap.  IV.      of  the  V 15  KIT A-a^,  i6i 

tions,  by  JVitUam  Kiffin^  Thomas  Patience^  George  Tip-     K-ng 
ping,  John  Spil/hury,    Thomas  Sheppard,  Thomas  Mun-^^"^^^  ^' 
den,  Ihomas  Gtin,  John  Mabbelt,  John  JFebb,  Thomas  vj^^ 
Kilcop^  Paul  Hobjon,  Thomas  Gore,  John  Philips,  and 
Edward  Heath.     In  the  Year  1646.  it  was  reprinted, 
•witti  the  additional   Names  of  Denis  le  Barbier  and 
ChrijJopher  Durel/,   Minifters  of  the  French  Congrega- 
lion  :n  London,  of  the  fame  Judgment. 

Their  ConfeflTion  confifted  of  Fifty  two  Articles, Thir  €077^ 
and  is  ftridly  Calvimjlical  in  the  doctrinal  Part,  and^^'f  "/ 
According  to  the  Independant  Difcipline  ;  it  confines  ""   * 
the  Subjeel  of  Baptifm  to  grown  Chriftians,   and  the 
Mode  to  Doping  ;  it  admits  of  gifted  Lay-Preach- 
ers,  and  acknowledges  a  due  Subjedlion  to  the  Civil 
Magiftrate  in  all  Things  lawful  •,    and  concludes  thus, 
^«   We  defire  to  live  quietly  and  peaceably,  as  be- 
**  comes  Saints,  endeavouring  in  all  Things  to  keep 
*'  a  good  Confcience,  and  to  do  to  every  Man  (of 
"  what  Judgment  foeverj  as  we  would  they  fhculd 
**  do  to  us ',  that  as  our  Pradtice  is,  fo  it  may  prove 
*'  us  to  be  a  confcionable,  quiet,  and  harmlefj  Peo- 
*'  pie  (no  way  dangerous  or  troublefome  to  human       ")?xeS[ 
*'  Society)  and  to  labour  to  work  wi,a  our  Hands,  '''  * 

<'  that  we  may  not  be  chargeable  to  any,  but  to  give 
"  to  him  that  needeth,  both  Friend  and  Enemy,  ac-  - 
"  counting  it  more  excellent  to  give  than  to  receive. 
'<  Alfo  we  confefs,  thac  we  know  but  in  part,  and 
«'  that  we  are  ignorant  of  many  Things  that  we  de- 
**  fire  and  feek  to  know  •,  and  if  any  fhall  (""o  us  thac 
*'  friendly  Part,  to  fliew  us  from  the  Word  of  God, 
*'  that  which  we  fee  not,  we  (hall  have  Caufe  to  be 
*'  thankful  to  God  and  them.  But  if  any  Man  fhali 
"  impofe  upon  us  any  Thing  that  we  fee  not  to  be 
"  commanded  by  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  we  fhould,  in 
*'  his  Srrengrh,  rather  embrace  all  Reproaches,  and 
'*  Tortures  of  Men  ;  to  be.llripp*d  of  all  our  ouc- 
"  ward  Comforts,  and,  if  it  were  poflible,  to  die  a 
"  thoufand  Deaths,  rather  than  do  any  Thing  againft 
<'  the  Truth  of  God,  cr  againft  the  Light  of  our  own 

Vol.  III.  M  "  Con- 


i62  T.&^  HISTORY  Vol.m. 

King  «  Confciences.  And  if  any  (hall  call  what  we  have 
Charles  !.«  ^^jj  Herefy,  then  do  we  with  the  Apoftle  acknow- 
\^^-^i^  "  ledge,  That  after  the  Way  they  call  Herefy  fo 
"  worfhip  we  the  God  of  our  Fathers  >  difclaiming  all 
"  Herefies  (rightly  fo  called)  becaufe  they  are  againft 
««  Chrift;  and  defiring  to  be  ftedfaft  and  immoveable, 
"  always  abounding  in  Obedience  to  Chrift,  as  know- 
**  ing  our  Labour  (hall  not  be  in  vain  in  the  Lord.** 

"When  Dr.  Featley  had  read  this  Confeflion  he 
owned,  they  were  neither  Hereticks  nor  Schifmaticks, 
but  tender-hearted  Chriftians,  upon  whom,  through 
falfe  Suggeftions,  the  Hand  of  Authority  had  fallen 
heavy  whilft  the  Hierarchy  ftood. 
Tireir  &a^  The  Advocatcs  of  this  Doflrine  were,  for  the  moft 
raffer.  pzTi,  of  the  meaneft  of  the  People;  their  Preachers 
were  generally  illiterate,  and  went  about  the  Countries 
making  Profelytesofall  that  would  fubmit  to  thar  Im- 
merfi on ywkhouz  a  due  regard  to  their  Acquaintance  with 
the  Principles  of  Religion,  or  their  moral  Charadters. 
The  Writers  of  thefe  Times  reprefenc  them  as  tin- 
ftured  with  a  kind  of  cnthufiaftick  Fury  againft  all 
Baxter's  that  oppos*d  them.  Mr.  Baxter  fays,  *'  There  were 
Life,  It  jj^jj.  fg^  Qf  them  that  had  not  been  the  Oppofers 
^* '  *'  "  and  Troublers  of  faithful  Minifters  — —  That  in 
"  this  they  ftrengthen'd  the  Hands  of  the  Profane, 
'•'  and  that  in  general,  Reproach  ofMimfterSy  Fa^iotiy 
**  Frlde^  and,  fcan-dalous  PracliceSy  were  fomented  in 
««  their  Wa^.^*  But  ftill  there  were  among  them 
fome  learned,  and  a  great  many  fober  and  devout 
Chriftians,  v/ho  difallowed  of  the  Imprudence  of  their 
Country  Friends.  The  two  moft  learned  Divines 
that  efpoufed  their  Caufe  were  Mr.  Francis  Cornwall^ 
M.  A.  of  Emanuel  College y  and  Mx.John  To??iheSj  B.  D. 
educated  in  the  Univerfity  o^  Oxford,  a  Perfon  of  in- 
comparable Parts,  well  verfed  in  the  Greek  and  He- 
brew Languages,  and  a  moft  excellent  Dlfpucanc. 
He  Wrote  feveral  Letters  to  Mr.  Selden  againft  Jnfanc 
Baptifm,  and  publilhed  a  Latin  Exercitation  upon  the 
fame  Subjed,  containing  feveral  Arguments,  which 
--■    ■  he 


fchap.  IV.      of  the  Puritans:  163 

he  prefented  to  the  Committee  appoinred  by  the  Af-     ^^^g 
fembly  to  pur  ti  S  op  to  the  Prnorels  of  this  Opinion.^***!"'"  ^* 
The  Exercitation  being  tranflatea  into  £«5/{/?>  brought  ^^^.^ti|^ 
upon   him  a  whole   Army   of  Adverfaries,    among 
whom  were  the  Reverend  Dr.  Hammond^  Dr.  Holmes^ 
Mr.  Marjhal,    Fuller^    GereCy    Baxter.^    and    others. 
The  People  of  this  Pertwafiori  were  mo'"e  expofed  to 
the  publi'k  Refentments,  becaufe  ttiey  would  hold 
tommunion  with  none  but  Tuch  as  had  been  dipp'd. 
AH  mull  pafs  under  this  Cloud  before  they  could  be 
received  into  their  Churches ;  and  the  fame  narrow 
Spirit  orevails  too  geoefailly  among  them  even  at  this 
Ddv.  V 

Befides  the  above-trientfoned  Writers,  the  moG:  Tleir  suf- 
eminent  D'vjnes  in  tfic  City  of  London^  as  Mr.  Fwes,f^'''"S^' 
CaUmy,  and  others,  preached  vigoroufly  againft  thefe 
Dodrines,  which  'hey  had  a  Right  to  do  ;  but  it  was 
moft  unjuft'fiable  to  fight  them  at  the  fame  Time 
with  the  Sword  ot  the  Civil  Magiftrate,  and  fiiuc 
them  up  in  Frifon,  a»  was  the  Cafe  of  feveral  in  this 
and  the  following  Year,  among  whom  are  reckon*d 
the  Reverenii  iVIr.  Henry  Dehn,  formerly  ordain*d  by 
the  B  fhop  of  St.  David's,  and  pofTeffed  of  the  Living 
of  Pyeton  in  Hertfordjhire  ;  Mr.  Coppe  Minifter  in 
IVar-wirkJhire,  an  1  fometime  Preacher  to  the  Garri- 
fon  in  CofHpton  Hovfe  ;  Mr.  Hanferd  Knollys,  who  was 
feveral  Tines  before  the  Committee  for  p'Ciching 
jinlvwmi^nifm  and  Antiptzdohaptijm  ;  and  ht\u^  forbid 
to  preach  in  the  publick  Churches  he  opened  a  fe pa- 
rate  Meeting  in  Great  St.  Helen*^^  from  wht-nce  he 
was  quickly  Oinovlged,  and  his  Followers  difperfed. 
Mr.  Andre 'JO  Wyke^  in  the  Coun  y  of  Suffolk,  was  im- 
prifoned  on  the  farne  Account  ;  ;ind  Mr.  Oatss  in  Ef- 
[ex^  tried  lor  r.is  Life  at  Chelm.^fjrd  Aflizes  for  the 
Murder  q{  Anne  Martin^  becaufe  (he  died  a  few  Days 
after  her  Immerfum,  of  a  Cold  that  feized  her  at  that 
Time.  Lawrence  Clark  ion  was  iir.pnfoned  by  the 
Committee  ot  Sufflk,  and  hav  ng  lain  in  Gaol  fix 
Months  figned  a  Recan'ati  n  and  was  releafed.    The 

M  2  Recan- 


164  n^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

K^ng    Recantatioii,  as  enter*d  in  the  Committee's  Books, 

*^^Y^"  ^-was  in  thefe  Words; 
1644. 


V^V'v^ 


July  15.-  1645. 


Mr.Chrk-ti  PTpHIS  Day  Lawrence  ClarkfoHy  formerly  com- 
caritation,  "  -*-  mitted  for  an  Anahaptijly  and  for  Dipping, 
*  "  does  now,  before  the  Committee,  difclaim  his 
'*  Errors.  And  whereas  formerly  he  faid  he  durft 
**  not  leave  his  dipping,  if  he  might  gain  all  the  Com- 
''  mittees  Eftates,  now  he  fays.  That  he,  by  the 
*'  holy  Scriptures  is  convinced,  that  his  faid  Opini- 
*'  ons  were  erroneous,  and  that  he  will  not,  nor 
*'  dares  not  pradlife  it  again,  if  he  might  gain  all  the 
"  Committees  Eftates  by  doing  it.  And  that  he 
**  makes  this  Recantation  not  for  fear,  or  to  gain  his 
"  Liberty,  but  meerly  out  of  a  Senfe  of  his  Error, 
"  wherein  he  will  endeavour  to  reform  others." 

Remath.  It  mufl  be  granted.  That  the  impru^dent  Behaviour 
of  the  Baptijl  Lay  Preachersj  who  declaimed  againft 
human  Literature,  and  hireling  Priefts ;  crying  down 
Magiftracy,  and  a  regular  Miniftry,  and  talking  in 
the  moft  exalted  Strains  of  a  fifth  Monarchy,  and 
King  Jefus^  prejudiced  the  Minds  of  many  fober 
People  againft  them  -,  but  (till  the  imprifoning  Men 
meerly  on  account  of  religious  Principles,  not  incon- 
fiftent  with  the  publick  Peace,  nor  propagated  in  a 
riotous  and  tumultuous  Manner,  is  not  to  be  juftified 
in  any  Light ;  and  'tis  the  more  inexcufable  in  this 

Baxter's    Cafe,   becaufe  Mr.  Baxter  ^dimm^  that  the  Prelby- 

'        terian  Zeal   was  in   a  great  Meafure  the  Occafion 
p.  103.       ^ .  t> 

of  It. 
Charles  Before  we  leave  the  AlTembly  for  this  Year,  it  will 
Lewis,  i^g  proper  to  take  notice,  that  it  was  honoured  with  the 
Palatine  P^'efence  of  Charles  Lewis  Elector  Palatine  of  the 
comes  into  .Rhine ^  eldefl  Son  o^ Frederick,  &c.  King  of  Bobef?iia,vfhQ 
the  /f/Tf^;- married  K'lno  James's  Daughter,  and  loft  hisTerritories 
^^y-  by  the  fatal  Battle  of  Prague  in  1619.     The  unhappy 

•-Fr^^t'nV/(:died  in  1632.  and  left  behind  him  fix  Sons 

and 


Chap.IV.       of  lie  Pu  KIT  AN  s.  165 

and  five  Daughters,  among  whom  were  Prince  Ra-     f^'^g 
pert.  Prince  Maurice^  and  the  Princefs  Sophia.     The^'^"^"  ^• 
young  Eledor  and  his  Mother  often  foJicitcd  the  Eng-  \J^X^ 
lijh  Court  for  Afliftance  to  recover  their  Dominions,  ^^'^• 
and  were  as  often  complimented  with  empty  Promi- 
it^.     AJl  the  Parliaments  of  this  Reign  mention  with  ^^^  Pala- 
Concern  the  calamitous  Condition  of  the  Queen  of""*^^'"'"' 
Bohemia  and  her  Children,  and  offer  to  venture  t^eir^^,^^"^^"^. 
Lives  and  Fortunes  for  the  Recovery  of  the  Palati-  Puricans. 
nate,  but  King  Charles  I.  did  not  like  his  Sifter's  Prin- 
ciples, who  being  a  refolved  Proteftant,  had  been  heard 
to  fay  (if  we  may  believe  UEJlrange)  That  rather  than 
have  her  Son  bred  up  in  Idolatry  at  the  Emperor" s  Court, 
Jhe  had  rather  he  his  Executioner.     And  Mr.  Eachard^"^^^- 
adds,  that  the  Birch  o^Kiu^  Charles  II.  in  the  Year ^*'^'^^' 
1630.  gave  no  great  Joy  to  the  PwnVflW,  becaufe,  as 
one  of  them  faid,  God  had  already  provided  for  them  in 
the  Family  of  the  ^uen  of  Bohemia,  who  were  bred  up 
in  the  Protefiant  Religion,  while  it  was  uncertain  what 
Religion  King  Charles'i  Children  would  follow,  being  to 
be  brought  up  by  a  Mother  devoted  to  the  Church  o/"Rome. 
When  the  War  broke  out  between  the  King  and 
Parliament,  the  Elector's   younger  Broihers  Rupert 
and  Maurice,  ferved  the  King,  but  the  Ekuior  him- 
felf  being  in  Holland  took  the  Covenant,  and  by  a  Let- 
ter to  the  Parliament  teftified  his  Approbation  of  the 
Caufe  in  which  they  were  engaged.     This  Summer 
he  made  a  Tour  to  England,  and  was  welcomed  by  a 
Committee  of  the  two  Houfes,  who  promifed  him 
their  beft  Advice  and  Afliftance  ;  to  whom  the  Prince 
made  the  following  Reply. 

"   T  HOLD  my  felf  much /obliged  to  the  Parlia-Hift. 
"   X   ment  for  their  Favours,  and  my  coming  is  to^^"^^^J^^» 
*'  exprefs  in  Perfon  what  I  have  often  done  by  Let-^' " 
"  ter,  my  fincere  Affections  to  them,  and  to  take 
"  off  fuch  Jealoufies,  as  either  the  Anions  of  fome 
"  of  my  Relations,    or  the  ill  Effects  of  what  my 
*'  Enemies   might    by   my  Abfence  caft  upon  me. 

M  3  "My 


i66  Ti&f  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

King    ?«  My  Wiflies  are  conftant  for  the  good  Succefs  of  the 
Charles  I.tc  great  Work  you  have  undertaken,  for  a  thorougli 
\,y^^X^.  "  Reformation  ;  and  my  Defires  are  to  be  rul*d  and 
'•  governed  by  your  grave  Counfels.'* 

The  Parliament  order^'d  an  Apartment  to  be  fitted 
up  for  the  Prince  at  Whitehall^  and  voted  him  eight 
„.«  Thoufand  Pounds  a  Year  for  his  Maintenance,  and 

Stuarts,    ^^^  Thoufand  for  his  royal  Mother,  till  he  Ihould  be 
p.  279.    reftor'd  to  hisEledloiate.     While  he  ftayed  here  he 
frequently  attCi.JccI  the  Affembly  in  their  Debates, 
and  after  fome  Tia.e  had  a  Pafs  for  himfelf  and  forty 
Horfe  into  the  Low  Countries.     I  lis  Sifter,  Princeuj 
Sophia,  afterwards  married  the  Duke  of  Brunf- 
Kvick  and  Hanover,  whofe  Son,  upon  ttu   Deceale  of 
Queen  June,  fucceeded  to  the  Crown  of  Greai  Bri- 
tain, by  the  Name  of  George  I.  the  numerous  Po- 
fterity  of  King  Charles  I.  being  -t  afide  as  Pipifts, 
and  the  Children  of  the  Queen  oi  Bohemia,  Eledrefs 
Palatine,  and  Daughter  of  King  James  |.  advanced 
to  the  Imperial  Crown  of  thefe  Kingdoms  in  their 
room,  as  a  Reward  for  their  Firmnefs  to  the  Piote- 
jftant  Religion  j  And  may  the  fame  illuftrious  Fam  ly 
continue  to  be  the  Guardians  of  our  Liberties, 
both  Sacred  and  Civil,  to  the  End  oi  Time  ! 
siafe  of        Religion  was  the  Fafhion  of  thefe  Times  i  the  Af- 
Religlon.   fembly  was  often  turned  into  a  Houfe  of  Prayer,  and 
hardly  a  Week  paft  without  folemn  Fafting  and  Hu- 
miliation, in  feveral  of  the  Churches  oi  London  and 
IVeJlminjler ;     the    Laws    againft   Profanenefs  were 
carefully  execured  -,  and  bccaufe  the  former  Ordi- 
nances for  the  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day  were 
noc  cffe<flual,  ic  was  ordained,  April  6.  that  fiii  Per* 
cr^ance  ^^^^  Ihould  apply  ihemfelves  to  the  Exercife  of  Piety 
for  better   and  Religion  on  the  Lord's  Day,  "  Thnc  no  Wares, 
ch/ervui-  <■<■  Fruit,  Hcrbs,  or  Goods  of  any  S:  it,  be  expofed 
tiro  the     ct  j-q  SaJe,  or  cry'd  abouC  Streets,   upon  Penalty  of 
Lc-ds^'^y  jj  forft-iting  the  Goods.     That  no  Perfon,  without 
^coe.s    ^j  Caufe,  liiall  travel,  or  carry  a  Burden,  or  do  any 
„  ^s  *'  worid- 


Chap. IV.     of  fbe  VvRir  AH  5.  1 67 

**  worldly  Labour,  upon  Penalty  of  ten  Shillings  for    King 

**  the  'Iraveller,  and   five  Shillings  for  every  Bur-^*'*^'" 

**  den.     That  no  Perfon  fhall,  on  the  Lord's  Day,  \^^^,^i^ 

**  ufe,   or  be  prefent  at  any  Wreftling,   Shooting, 

*'  Fowling,  Ringing  of  Bells  for  Pleafure,  Markets, 

**  Wakes,  Church-Ales,  Dancing,  Games  or  Sports 

•*  whatfoever,    upon  Penalty  of    five  Shillings,    to 

**  every  one  above  fourteen  Years  of  Age.     And  if 

*'  Children  are  found  offending  in  the  Prcmifes,  their 

*'  Parents  or  Guardians  to  forfeit  twelve  Pence  for 

"  every  Offence.  That  all  May-Poles  be  pulled  down, 

•'  and  none  others  ere(fted.    That  if  the  feveral  Fines 

"  above-mentioned  can*c  be  levied,    the  offending 

"  Party  fhall  be  fee  in  the  Stocks  for  the  Space  of 

"  three  Hours.     That  the  King*s  Declaration  con- 

"  cerning  lawful  Sports  on  the  Lord*s  Day  be  called 

"  in,  fuppreffed,  and  burnt. 

"  This  Ordinance  fhall  not  extend  to  prohibit 
*'  dreffing  Meat  in  private  Families,  or  felling  Vi- 
<«  duals  in  a  moderate  Way  in  Inns  or  Vidlualling 
*'  Houles,  for  the  Ufe  of  fuch  as  can't  otherwife  be 
*'  provided  for  ;  nor  to  the  Crying  of  Milk  before 
*'  Nine  in  the  Morning,  or  after  Four  in  the  After- 
«  noon." 

The  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was  in  fuch  high  Lond.M;». 
Repute  at  this  Time,  that  by  an  Order  of  the  Houfejf  Jj"^ 
of  Commons,    Jan.   29.    1644.    it    was   appointed,  jy^^;[,  ^y 
**  That  on  every  Faft-Day,    and  Day  of  pubhckjf.  dtr//?, 
^«  Humiliation,    the  Covenant  fhould  be  publickly  p.  ^6. 
*'  read  in  every  Church  and  Congregation  within  the 
^'  Kingdom  ;  and  that  every  Congregation   be  en- 
"  joined   to   have   one  of   the  faid  Covenants  fairly 
"  printed,  in  a  fair  Letter,  in  a  Table  fitted  to  hang 
^'  up  in  fome  publick  Place  of  the  Church  to  be 
*'  read."     Which  was  done  accordingly,   and  they 
continued  there  lill  the  Reftoration. 

But  that  which  occafioned  the  greateft  Difturbance 
over  the  whole  Nation,  was  an  Order  of  both  Houfes 
relating  to  Chrijimas  Day.     Dr.  Lightfoot  fays.  The 

M  4  "i(?«-. 


1 68  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

•Kitfg    London  Minifters  met  together  laft  Year,  to  confult, 
Charles  I.  whether  they  fhould  preach  on  that  Day  •,  when  one  of 
^Jii,^^^  confiderabJe  Name  and  Authority  oppofed  it,  and 
was  near  prevailing  with  the  reft,  but  the  Doctor 
convinced  them  fo  far  of  the  Lawfulnefs  and  Expedi- 
ency of  it,  that  when  the  Queftion  was  put  it  was  car- 
ried in  the  Affirmative  with  only  four  or  five  diffent- 
ing  Vo'.zes.    But  this  Year  it  happenirig  to  fall  on  the 
Monthly  Faji,  fo  that  either  the  Faji,  or  the  FeftivaU 
muft  be  omitted,    the  Parliament,    after  fome  De- 
bate, thought  it  mofl:  agreeable  to  the  prefent  Cir- 
cumftances  of  the  Nation,  to  go  on  with  Failing  and 
Prayer ;  and  therefore  publifhed  the  following  Or- 
der, 

Die  Jovis  1 9  Dec.   1 644. 

,   r     "   \ 71 7HE RE  AS  fome  Doubts  have  been  rais'd, 

Vila-  "     V  V     Whether  the  next  Fajl  fhall  be  celebrated, 

fjs^e     *'  becaufe  it  falls  on  the  Day  which  heretofore  was 

cbfervati-  "  ufuaJly  Called  the  Feafl  of  the  Nativity  of  our  Savi- 

cn  of       »'  our?  The  Lords  and  Commons  in  Parliament  af- 

chniimas.u  fembled  do  order  and  ordain,  that  publick  Notice 

Jiuflivv.     «t  be  given.  That  the  Faft  appointed  to  be  kept  the 

p.  Si 7.      cj  ]^^  Wednefday  in  every  Month  ought  to  be  obfer- 

*'  ved,  till  it  be  otherwile  order*d  by  both  Houfes ; 

*'  and  that  this  Day  in  particular  is  to  be  kept  with 

*'  the  more  folemn  Humiliation,  becaufe  it  may  call 

*'  to  remembrance  our  Sins,  and  the  Sins  of  our  Fore- 

"  fathers,  who  have  turned  this  Feaft,  pretending 

'•'  the  Memory  of  Chrift,  into  an  extreme  Forgetful-^ 

"  nefs  of  him,    by  giving  liberty  to  carnal  and  fen- 

*'  fual   Delights,  being  contrary  to  the  Life  which 

"  Chrift  led  here   on    Earth,    and   to  the'fpiritual 

"  Life  of  Chrill  in  our  Souls,  for  the  fanftifying  and 

"  faving  whereof,  Chrift  was  pleafed  both  to  take  a 

"  human  Life,  and  to  lay  it  down  again." 

Kemarh.  TheRoyalifts  rais'd  loud  Clamours  on  account  of  the 
fuppos'd  Impiety  and  Profanenefs  of  thisTranfadion, 
as  what  had  never  been  heard  of  in  the  Chriftian  World 

f  before. 


Chap. IV.      of  fbe  FvJLiTAH  s'.  iJbi^ 

before,  tho*  ihey  could  not  but  know,  that  this,  as  well     King 

as  ocher  Feftivals,  is  but  of  Ecclefiaftical  Appoint- ^'^^'^^  ^ 

ment  i  that  there  is  no  mention  of  the  Obfervation  of^JrviL/ 

Chrijhnas  in  the  firft  or  fecond  Age  of  Chriftianity  ;  ^*^^- 

that  the  Kirk  of  Scotland  never  obferv'd  it  fince  the 

Reformation,  but  when  under  the  Power  of  the  Bi- 

iliops,  and  do  not  regard  it  at  this  Day.     Some  of  thq 

moft  learned  Divines  among  the  Prefbyterians,  as 

well  as  Independants,  were  in  this  Sentiment.     Mr, 

Edmund  Calamy^  in  his  Sermon  before  the  Houfe  of 

Commons  on  this  Day,  has  thefe  Expreffions.  "  This 

"  Day  is  commonly  called  Chrijimas  Day,    a  Day 

''  that  has  heretofore  been  much  abufed  to  Sup.erfti- 

*'  tion    and    Profanenefs.     It    is   not    eafy  to    fay, 

"  whether    the     Superftition     has     been    greater, 

"  or    the   Profanenefs.     I  have  known    fome   that 

*'  have  preferr'd  Chrijimas  Da'j  before  the  Lord's  Day. 

"  Some  that  would  be  fure  to  receive  the  Sacrament 

*'  on  Chripnas  Day  though  they  did  not  receive  all 

*'  the  Year  after.     Some  thought,  though  they  did 

•*  not  play  at  Cards  all  the  Year  long,  yet  they  muft 

"  play  at  Chrijimas^  thereby,  it  feems,  to  keep  in  Me- 

•'  mory  the  Birth  of  Chrift,     This,  and  much  more, 

*'  hath  been  the  Profanation  of  this  Feaft  ;  and  tru- 

"  Jy,  I  think  the  Superftition  and  Profanenefs  of  this 

•'  Day  is  fo  rooted  into  it,  that  there  is  no  way  to 

"  reform  it,  but  by  dealing  with  it  as  Hezekiah  did 

"  with  the  brazen  Serpent.     This  Year  God,  by  his 

"  Providence,  has  buried  this  Feaft  in  a  Faft,  and 

•'  I  hope  it  will  never  rife  again.     You  have  fet  our, 

'*  Right  Honourable,  a  ftrid  Order  for  keeping  of 

'*  it,  and  you  are  here  this  Day  toobferve  your  own 

*'  Order,  and  I  hope  you  will  do  it  ftridlly.     The 

tt  Neceflities  of  the  Times  are  great,  jiever  more 

*'  need  of  Prayer  and  Fafting.     The  Lord  give  us 

"  Grace  to  be  humbled  in  this  Day  of  Humiliation, 

"  for  ail  our  own  and  England*sS\ns,  and  efpecially 

"  for  the  old  Sjperfticion   anci  Profanenefs  cf  thi^- 

♦'  Feaft.  About 


170  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King  About  Midfummer  this  Year  died  DocHior  Thomas 
Charles  ^'H^ejlfield,  Bifhop  of  Brijiol ;  he  was  born  in  the  Ifle 
^_Jf ^Jj^  of  Ely,  1573.  educated  in  Jefus  Colieqe  Cambridge, 
Death  ^"^  afterwards  Reftor  of  Hornfe^y  and  of  St.  Bartbo- 
cfBifiop  lomew  the  Great,  London,  and  Arch- Deacon  of  St. -^Z- 
Weftfield.^^;^»s.  In  the  Year  1641.  he  was  advanced  to  the  See 
Walker's  o{  Brijiol,  which  he  accepted,  though  he  had  refufed 
SufF.  Cler.jp  ^^^  jg  (-^j^j^  Twenty  five  Years  before.  He  was  a 
^  Gentleman  of  great  Modefty,  a  good  Preacher,  and 

excellent  Oracor.  The  Parliament  had  fuch  an 
Efteem  for  him,  than  they  named  him  one  of  the 
Affembly  of  Divines,  and  he  had  the  Goodnefs  to 
appear  among  them  for  fome  Time.  Upon  the  Bi- 
lhop*s  Complaint,  that  the  Profits  of  his  Bifhoprick 
were  detained,  the  Committee  ordered  them  to  be 
reftored,  and  gave  him  a  Pafs  to  go  to  Brijiol  to  re- 
ceive them,  wherein  they  ftile  him  a  Perfon  of  great 
Learning  and  Merit.  He  died  in  Poffeflion  of  his 
Bilhoprick,  June  25.  1644.  aged  Seventy  one,  anc| 
compofed  his  own  Epitaph,  one  Line  of  which  was, 

Senio  &  M^srore  confe^us, 
.    Worn  out  with  Age  and  Grief, 

And  another  5 

Epifcoporum  infimus,  Peccatorum  primus^ 
The  leaji  of  Bifhops,  the  greatejl  of  Sinners, 

ofDoBor  Dr.  Calihute  Downing  was  born  of  an  ancient  Vz" 
Vowmri'g.^xXy  mGlouceJierfhire^  about  1616.  he  was  educated 
in  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  and  at  length  became  Vicar 
of  Hackne-j,'  near  London,  by  the  Procurement  of 
Archbiihop  Laud ;  which  is  very  itrange,  if  (as  Mr. 
Wood  fays)  he  always  look'd  awry  on  the  Church, 
In  his  Sermon  to  the  Artillery  Company,  Sept.  i. 
1640.  he  maintain'd.    That  Jor  Defence  of  Religion, 

and 


Chap. IV.     ©/"/^if  Puritans:  I71 

and  Reformation  of  the  Churchy  it  was  lawful  to  take  up    King 
Arms  againjl  the  Kingy  if  it  could  be  obtained  no  other  way.  ^h"'"  ^« 
For  which  he  was  forced  to  abfcond  till  the  Begin- y^^?J^ 
ning  of  this  prefent  Parliament.    He  was  afterwards  ^^^^ 
Chaplain  in  the  Earl  of  Effex-s  Army,  and  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  but  died  before  he 
was  Forty  Years  of  Age,  having  the  Charafter  of  a 
pious  Man,  a  warm  Preacher,  and  yery  zeafpus  for 
the  Parliaraient. 


CHAP. 


tji  theVLlSrOl^Y         Vol.  Ill, 

CHAP.    V. 

^MftraB  of  the  ^rial  of  Archbijhop  Laud;  and^ 
of  the  'Treaty  of  IJxbridge. 

•King     X  "TEX  T  Day  after  the  Eftablifhment  of  the  Bi- 
Charles!.  1^   re^or^^  Dr.  William  Laud,  Archbilliop  of 
y,^>J^  Canterbury,    received  Sentence  of  Death  :    He  had 
3Vw/  of    been  in  the  Tower  almoft  three  Years,  upon  an  Im- 
^ji.  Laud.peachment   of  High  Treafon   from   the    Houfe  of 
Commons,  without  once  petitioning  for  a  Trial,  or 
fo  much  as  putting  in  his  Anfwer  to  the  Articles » 
but  as  foon  as  the  Parliament  had  united  with  the 
Scots^  it  was  refojved  to  gratify  that  Nation  by  bring- 
ing him  to  the  Bar  ;  accordingly  Serjeant  M^ild  was 
fenc  up  to  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  Ociob.  23.  with  ten 
additional    Articles  of   High  Treafon,    and   other 
Crimes  and  Mifdemeanors  ;    and  to  pray.  That  his 
Grace  might  be  brought  to  a  fpeedy  Trial.    We  have 
already  recited  the  fourteen  original  Articles  under 
the  Year  1640,    The  additional  Ones  were  to  the  fol- 
lowing Purpofe. 

Articles  of  j.  *»  That  the  ilrchbilhop  had  endeavoured  to  dc- 
impeach-  a  fij-Qy  f^g  ufg  of  Parliaments,  and  to  introduce 
went.  ^     it  ^^  arbitrary  Government. 

Compl.*  2.  "  That  for  ten  Years  before  the  prefent  Parlia- 
Hift.o/fi^^"  ment  he  had  endeavoured  to  advance  the  Council 
Trialof  <«  Table,  the  Canons  of  the  Church,  and  the  King's 
Jbp^Uixd.ii  Prerogacive  above  Law. 

*■ '  *  3.  "  'I'hat  he  had  itopt  Writs  of  Prohibition  to 

"  (lay   Proceedings    in    the    Ecclefiallical  Courts, 
*'  when  the  fame  ought  to  have  been  granted. 

4.  '-  That  he  had  caufed  Sir  John  Corbel  to  be 
*'  commi/tted  to  the  Fleet  for  fix  Months,  only  for 
"  caufmg  the  Petition  of  Right  to  be  read  at  the 
'*  Seffions. 

,  5.  '♦  That. 


Chap.  V.       of  the  V\3-^  IT  Kn  s;  173 

5.  "  That  Judgment  having  been  given  in  the  Court    tcing 
«'  oi  King's  Bench  aga.\ni\:  Mr.  Burky,  a  Clergyman ^''"'" '• 
«  of  a  bad  Charader,  for  Non-Refidence,  he  had  ,J^^^ 
*«  caufed   the  Judgment  to  be  ftay'd,    faying.    He 

*'  would  never  fuffer  'Judgment  to  pafs  upon  any  Clergy-- 
•'  man  by  nihil  dicit. 

6.  *'  That  large  Sums  of  Money  having  been  con- 
"  tributed  for  buying  in  Impropriations,  the  Arch- 
**  bifhop  had  caufed  the  Feoffments  to  be  overthrown 
*'  in  his  Majefty's  Exchequer,  and  by  that  Means 
"  fupprefled  the  Defign. 

y.  "  That  he  had  harboured  and  relieved  divers 
"  Popifh  Priefts,  contrary  to  Law. 

8.  *'  That  he  had  faid  at  fFeJlfninJler^  there 
*'  muft  be  a  Blow  given  to  the  Church,  fuch  as  had 
*'  not  been  given  before  it  could  be  brought  to  Con- 
*'  formity,  declaring  thereby  his  Intention  to  alter 
*'  the  true  Proteftant  Religion  eftablifhed  in  it. 

9.  *»  That  after  the  Diffolution  of  the  jall  Parlia- 
*'  ment  he  had  caufed  a  Convocation  to  be  held,  in 
*'  which  fundry  Canons  were  made  contrary  to  the 
**  Rights  and  Privileges  of  Parliament,  and  an  ille- 
*'  gal  Oath  impofed  upon  the  Clergy,  with  certain 
"  Penalties,  commonly  known  by  the  Et  coetera 
<«  Oath. 

10.  "  That  upon  the  abrupt  Diffolving  of  the 
«'  fiiort  Parliament  1640.  he  had  told  the  King,  He 
«*  was  now  ahfolved  from  all  Rules  of  Government,  and 
"  at  liberty  to  make  Ufe  of  extraordinary  Methods  for 
*<  Supply.** 

I  omit  the  Charge  of  the  Scots  Commiflloners,  be- 
caufe  the  Archbiftiop  pleaded  the  Adl  of  Oblivion. 

The  Lords  ordered  the  Archbifliop  to  deliver  inPrynne, 
his  Anfwer  in  Writing  to  the  above-mentioned  Ar-P-'l-^' 
tides  in  three  Weeks,  which  he  did,  but  took  no 
Notice  of  the  original  ones.     The  Trial  was  put  off 
from  Time  to  Time,  at  the  Requefl  of  the  Prifoner 
till  5"^/'/ 16.  when  the  Archbifliop  appeared  at  the  Bar, 

and 


274  neUlSTOKY         Vol.  III. 

Kwg    and  having  kneeled  for  fome  Time  and  then  ordered 
Charles  I.  jq  ftand,  one  of  the  Managers  for  the  Commons  moved 
^J^^i^  the  Lords,  that  their  Articles  of  Impeachment,  with 
■^^^^  the  Archbilhop's  Anfwer,  might  be  read  ;  but  when 
the  Cleric  of  the  Houfe  had  read  the  Articles,  there 
was  no  Anfwer  to  the  original  Ones,    Upon  which 
Serjeant  Mapard  ftobd  up,  and  obferred,  "  How 
<«  unjuft  the  Archbiftiop's  Complaints  of  his  long 
*•  Imprifonment,  and  of  the  Delay  of  his  Hearing 
««  muft  be,  when  in  all  this  Time  he  had  not  put  in 
"  his  Anfwer  to  their  original  Articles,    though  he 
*'  had  long  fince,  Counfel  aflign'd  him  for  that  Pur- 
**  pofe.     That  it  would  be  abfurd  in  them  to  pro- 
**  ceed  on  the  additional  Articles,  when  there  was  no 
*'  Iffue  joyn'd  on  the  original  ones ;    he  therefore 
**  prayed,  that  the  Archbiftiop  might  forthwith  put 
*'  in  his  Anfwer  to  all  their  Articles,  and  then  they 
*'  Ihould  be  ready  to  confirm  their  Charge  whenevei/ 
«*  their  Lordfhips  fhould  appoint.'* 
"Wharton's     fhe  Archbifhop  fays,  the  Lords  look'd  hard  one 
Hift^«'/■^*^^Jpon  another,  as  if  they  would  afk  where  the  Miftake 
ireubL    w^s»  ^^^  himfelf  faid  nothing,  but  that  his  Anfwer 
p.  ii4,'    had  not  been  call'd  for.     His  Gr^c*?  would  have  em- 
115.        barras'd  them  further,  by  defiring  them  to  hear  his 
Counfel,  Whether  the  Articles  were  certain  and  par- 
ticular enough  to  receive   an  Anfwer.     He  moved 
likewife,  That  if  he  muft  put  in  a  new  Anfwer,  his 
former  might  be  taken  off  the  File ;  and  that  they 
would  pleafe  todiftinguifh  which  Articles  were  Trea- 
fon,  and  which  Mi/demeanor.  But  the  Lords  rejecfted  all 
his  Motions,  and  ordered  him  to  put  in  a  peremptory 
Anfwer  to  the  original  Articles  of  the  Comm6ns  by 
the  2 2d  Inftant,  which  he  did  accordingly,  to  this 
Effedr. 

/hp's  Art-      ^^  As  to  the  T^th  Article,  concerning  the  Trou- 

fwtf.        ii  bies  in  Scotland,   and  all  A6lions,  Attempts,  Af- 

"  fiftance,  Counfel,  or  Device  relating  thercro,  this 

"  Defendant  pleadeth  the  late  Ad;  of  Oblivion,  he 

"  being 


Chap.V.       of  the  Puritan $:  ly^ 

**  being  none  of  the  Perfons  excepted  by  the  faid    King 
*»  Ad:,  nor  are  any  of  the  Offences  charged  upon  this^^''"  ^• 
*'  Defendant  excepted  by  the  faid  Ad.  v^V^ 

**  And  as  to  all  the  other  Articles,  both  Original  ^^^^ 

"'  and  Additional,  this  Defendant  faving  to  himfelf 
*'  all  Advan  ages  of  Exception  to  the  laid  Articles, 
"  humbly  faith,  that  he  is  not  Guilty  of  all,  or  any 
<'  the  Matters,  by  the  faid  Articles  charged,  in  fuch 
*'  Manner  iind  Form  as  the  fame  are  by  the  faid  Ar* 
*'  tides  charged  againil  him.** 

The  Trial  was  deferred  all  the  Month  o^  February,  Order  avd 
as  the  Archbifhop  infinuates,  becaufe  Mr.  Prynne^^^^^^.^f 
was  not  ready  with  his  Witnefles.  When  it  came  on,'^*  '^'  * 
Lord  Gr^3;  of  ^^r/^.  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
was  appointed  Prefident  •,  but  the  Archbifliop  com- 
plained, that  there  was  feldom  above  fixteen  or  eighteen 
Peers  prefent  at  a  Time.  The  Managers  for  the  Com- 
mons were  Serjeant  PFild  and  Mr.  Maynard,  Mr. 
Brown,  Mr.  Nicolas,  Mr.  Hill,  whom  the  Archbi- 
Ihop  calls  Conful  Bibul'us,  becaufe  he  faid  nothing  ; 
their  Solicitor  was  Mr.  Prynne,  the  Archbifhop's 
grand  Enemy.  His  Grace's  Counfel  were,  Mr. 
Hearne,  Mr.  Hales ,  Mr, Chute,  Mr.  Gerard;  and  his 
Solicitor  was  his  own  Secreary,  Mr.  Dell.  The 
Trial  was  depending  almoft  five  Months,  in  which 
Time  the  Archbifhop  was  heard  twen  y  Days  with 
as  much  Liberty  and  Freedom  of  Speech  us  could  be 
reafonably  de fired.  When  he  complain'd  of  rhe  Sei- 
zure of  his  Papers,  the  Lord's  ordered  him  a  Copy  of 
all  fuch  as  he  fhould  fiy  were  neceffary  for  his  De* 
fence  *,  and  when  he  acquainted  them,  That  by  rea*- 
fon  of  the  Sequeflration  of  his  Eftate,  he  was  unca- 
pable  of  feeing  his  Counfel,  they  moved  the  Com- 
mittee of  Sequeftrarions  in  his  Favour,  who  ordered 
him  two  Hundred  Pounds.  His  Counfel  had  free 
Accefs  to  him  at  all  Times,  and  flood  by  to  advife  him 
throughout  his  whole  Trial, 

The      ■ 


176  T^^  H I S  T  O  R  V         Vol.  IIL 

Khg        The  Method  of  Proceeding  was  thus,  the  Arch- 
Charles  l-bilhop  had  three  or  four  Days  Notice  of  the  Day  of 
-l^il^  his  Appearance,  and  of  the  Articles  they  defTgned  to 
'    "        proceed  on.    He  was  brought  to  the  Bar  about  ten 
in  the  Morning,    and  the  Managers  were   till  ofie 
making  good  their  Charge  5    the  Houfe  then  ad- 
journ'd  to  four,  when  the  Archbifhop  made  his  De- 
fence, after  which  one  of  the  Managers  replied,  and 
the  Archbifhop  returned  to  thcTower  httweeti feven 
and  eight  of  the  Clock  at  Night. 

'Tis  unhappy  that  this  remarkable  Trial,  which 
contains  the  chief  Heads  of  Controverfy  between  the 
Puritans  and  the  Church,  was  not  publifh'd  by  Of- 
der  of  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  that  the  W6rld  might 
have  feen  the  Arguments  on  both  Sides  in  their  full 
Strength.  Mr.  Prynfie,  by  Order  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons,  has  given  us  their  Evidence  to  that  Branch 
of  the  Charge  which  relates  to  Religion,  and  the 
Archbifhop  has  left  behind  him  his  own  Defence  on 
every  Day's  Hearing,  mixed  with  fatyrical  and  fling- 
ing Rtfiedtions  on  his  Adverfaries  -,  but  thefe  being 
broken  Performances,  I  have  endeavoured  to  put 
the  mofl  material  PafTages  into  a  proper  Method^ 
without  confining  my  felf  to  the  exad:  Order  of  Time 
in  which  the  Articles  were  debated. 
Summary  All  the  Articles  may  be  reduced  to  thefe  Three  ge- 
«/'^*  neral  Heads  or  Charges,  according  to  which  Method 
^'"''^^*     we  fhall  go  through  them. 

Firfl,  «  That  the  Archbifhop  had  tfaiteroufly  at- 
"  tempted,  and  endeavoured  to  fubvert  the  Rights  of 
"  Parliamefit,  a7id  to  exalt  the  King's  Power  above 
"  Law. 

Secondly^  "  That  he  had  traiteroufly  endeavoured 
*'  to  fubvert  the  Fundamental  temporal  Laws  and 
"  Government  of  the  Realm  of  England ,  and  to  in- 
"  troduce  an  arbitrary  Government  againft  Law, 
"  and  the  Liberties  of  the  Subjed. 

Thirdly^ 


Chap.V.       of  fbe  TvtLitAiff,  177 

Thirdly^  "  That  he  had  traiceroufly  endeavoured,     ^'^S 
**  and    pradifed,    to   alter   and   fubvert  God*s   true^^^'j'^*  ^* 
**  Religion  by  Law  eftablifhed   in   this  Realm,  and^Ll^ 
•'  inOead  thereof  to  fee  up  Popifli  Superftition  and 
"  Idolatry,    and  to  reconcile  us    to   the  Church  of 
"  Rome:* 

The  Trial  began  March  12.   164^.  when  Mr.  Scr '/Serjeant 
jeant  PFiUy   one  of  the  Managers  for  the  Houfe  of^J^''^°^'^"' 
Commons,    opened  the  Impeachment  with  a  ^^^^^p_^ach^ent. 
Speech,   in  which  he  aggravated  the  feveral  Crimes 
charged  upon  the  Archbifhop,  and  concluded,  with 
comparing   him   to  Naaman  the  Syriafjy  who  was  a 
great  Man,  bur  a  Leper. 

The  Archbifhop  having  obtained  leave  to  reply, r^«  'f'"'^*-' 
endeavoured  to  wipe  off  the  Afperfions  that  were  caft  ''^'''^,' 
upon  him,  in  a  laboured  Speech,  which  he  held  i'^vj-i^^^    *. 
his  Hand.     He  faid,  "  It  was  no  lefs  t\\a.n  a  Torment  ^^-^^^  ^^ 
"  to  him  to  appear  in  that  Place,  and  plead  for  him-  Laud's 
**  felf  on  that  Occafion,  becaufe  he  was  not  only   zTroubleti 
*'  Chriftian  but  a  Clergyman,  and  by  God's  GraceP-  ^^5* 
"  advanced  to  the  greateft  Place  this  Church  affords. 
*'  He  bleffed  God,  that  he  was  neither  afhamed  to 
*'  live,  nor  afraid  to  die ;  that  he  had  been  as  flrift 
"  an  Obferver  of  the  Laws  of  his  Country,  both  in 
"  publick  and  private,  as  any  Man  whatfoever  ;  and 
"  as  for  Religion,  that  he  had  been  a  ileady  Mem- 
**  ber  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  eftabJifh'H  by 
"  Law,  which  he  hid  endeavoured  to  reduce  to  De- 
"  cency.   Uniformity,  and  Beauty,    in  the  outward 
"  Face  of  it ;  but  he  had  been  as  far  from  artempt- 
"  ing  any   "Alterations  in  favour  of  Popery,  as  when 
*'  his  Mother  firfh  bore  him  into  the  World  ;    and 
"  let  nothing  be  fpoken  but  Truth  (fays  hej  and  I 
•'  do  here  challenge  wharfoever  is  between  Heaven 
"  and  Hell,  that  can  be  faid  againfl:  me  in  point  of 
"  my  Religion,  in  which  I  have  ever  hated  Diffimu- 
"  lation  i"  He  then  concludes  with  a  Lift  of  Twenty 

Vol.  in.  N  one 


i;^  7;&?  HISTORY         Vol.OL 

King    one  Perfons  whom  he  had  converted  from  Popery 

^^16^"/'^°  the  Proteftant  Religion. 

\,^rY^  Ir  was  obferved  by  fome,  that  if  the  pafBonatc  Ex- 
preffions  in  this  Speech  had  been  a  little  qualified, 
they  would  have  obtained  more  Credit  with  his 
Griue^s,  Judges  ;  but  as  they  were  pronounced,  were 
thought  hardly  fit  for  the  Mouth  of  one  who  lay  un- 
der the  Weight  of  fo  many  Accufations  from  the 
whoFe  Reprefentative  Body  of  the  Nation. 

March  1  J.     xhe  next  Day  the  Managers  for  the  Commons 

^^^^'  entered  on  their  firft  Charge^  to  the  following  Pur- 
pofe, 

Ttrjl  cc  xhat  the  Archbifhop  had  traiteroufly  attempt- 

fbe"cLrge''  ^^  ^°  ^jbvert  the  Rights  of  Parliament,  and  to 
ftrfubvert-*'^  exalt  the  King*^s  Power  above  the  Laws.'* 
ingthe  i»  To  fupport  which  they  produced  a  PafTage  out 

Rights  of  of  his  own  Diary,  Dec.  5.  1639;.  "  A'  Refolution  was 
V-irha-  «t  1)0163.  at  the  Board  to  affijl  the  King  in  extraordinary 
Laud's  "  ^^)s-,  if  (f^ys  he)  the  Parliament JhOuldjirov^  Peevifh 
Hift.  '      "  ^^^  rrfufer 

p.  zr9.         The  Archbifhop  replied,  That  this  was  the  Vote 

i3c»        of  the  whole  Council  Table,  of  which  he  was  but  a 

^3'*         fingle  Member,  and  therefore  could  not  be  called  his 

Counfel.    Befides,    the  Words  had  relation  to  the 

Troubles  of  Scottandy  and  are  therefore  within  the 

Ad  of  Oblivion. 

2.  *^  They  produced  another  Expreffion  in  one  o^ 

"  the  Archbifhop*"s  Papers  under  his  own  Hand,  in 

'^  the  beginning  of  which  he  fays,,  that  Magna  Charta 

*'  had  an   ohfcure    Birth ^    and  was  fofier*d  by  an  iU 

"  NurfiJ' 

Laud's  The   Archbifhop  replied.    That   it  was   no  dif- 

^^^'        grace  to  Magna  Charta  to  fay,  it  had  an  obfcure  Birth  ; 

P*  4>^i?-     Q^j.  Hiftorres  confirm  the  Truth  of  it,  and  fome  of 

our  Law- Books  of  good  Account  ufe  almoft  the  fame 

ExprtfTions  -,  and  fhall  the  fame  Words  be  Hiftory 

aad  Law  in  them  and  Treafon  in  me  ? 

3-  They 


Chap.  V.        of  the  FuRiT  AK2]  179 

3.  Theyaverr'd,  '*  That  he  had  faid  in  Council,     ^^"S 
«*  char  the  King''s  Proclama'Aon  was  of  as  greit  Force  ^C""^^"  ^* 
«'  an  ALt  of  Parliament  \  and  thac   he  had  comparr-d  y\r^ 
*'  the  King  to  the  Stone  fpoken  of  in  the  G<jrpel,M<rK.7g£ri 
*'  That  whofoever  falls  upon  it  Jhall  he  broken,  hut  uponc^arge. 

<J  ivbomfoevcr  it  falls  it  will  grind  him  1 0  P>wder,** 

The  Archbi/hop  replied,    That  this   was  in   the^'^^^*^ 
C3.k  of  the  SoaD  Buftne/s,  twelve  Years  aoo  ;  and  he^'^»  , 
thinks  it  impofTible  thofe  Words  (heuld  be  fpoken  by  Y\^^l^ 
him;    nor  does  he  apprehend   the    Gentlemen  whop.  ^34, 
jprefs  this  Evidence  can  believe  it  themfelves,  confi- 
dering  they  are  accufing  him  for  a  running  Delinquent, 
So  God  forgive  thele  Men  the  Falfhood  and  Malict  of 
their  Oaths  ffiiys  he)!  but  as  to  the  Allufion  to  tl»e 
Stone  in  the  Scripture,  if  I  did  apply  it  to  the  King  ii 
was  far  enough  f;:':^m  Treafon,  and  let  them  and  their 
like  take  care,  icii  ic  prove  true  upon  themfelves,  for 
Solomon  fays,  The  J^iger  of  a  King  is  De^ih. 

4.  In  further  Maintenance  of  this  Part  of  ihe'ir Arbitrarf 
Charge  the  Man.^ers  prodQced  "  two  Speeches  which '^^'^^'^^■'" 
**  his  Grace  framed  for  the  King  uo  be  fpuken  to  ^he^^j^ft^f 
"  Parliament;  and  his  Majefty's  Anfwer  to  the  Re-ZkeAhp 

*'  monftrance  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  in  the  Yc2iT M.cbargt, 
**  1628.  which  was  all  written  with  the  Archbifhop*s 
*'  own  Hand,  and  thefe  Words  endor/d  by  himfelf, 
**  My  Anfwer  to  the  Parliament's  Remonftrance.     In 
"  which  Papers  were  fundry  Paifages  tending  to  fee 
'*  up  an  abfolute  Power  in  the  King,  and  to  make 
"  the  Calling  of   Parliaments  in  a  manner  ufelefs. 
*'  The  King  is  made  to  fay,   that  his  Power  is  onlyKifg't 
**  from  God,    and  to  hi?n  only  be  is  accountable  foP  his^^^^^^* 
**  A5fions.     That  never  King  was  more  JclJous  cf  ^7^   **'' 
*'  his  Honour,  nor  more  fenfible  of  ihe  Negkd:  ar:<i 
*<  Contempt  of  his  Royal  Rights.     Mis  Mjj;  fty  bk'S 
*'  the  Commons  remember,     that  Parliaments  are 
"  altogether  m  his  Power,  for  ihe:r  Calling,  Sirting, 
•'  and  DifTolut'on  ;  and  that  according  as  they  be- 
**   haved  themfelves  they  fhould  conunue,  or  nor  be. 
*•  When  fome  of  the  Me!/ibers  of  ParJiamen--  had 

N  2  "  fpoken 


i8o  r/&^  HISTORY  VolIIL 

King     ««  fpoken   freely  againft  the  Duke  of  Buckingham, 

Charles  I.  »6  ^j^gy  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  King's  Command,  fent  to  the 

x^f^-^^  "  Tower ;  and  his  Majefty  coming  to  the  Houfe  of 

Khg'j      "  Peers,  tells  thern.  That  he  had  thought  fit  to  pu- 

speecb,      «  ni(h  fome  infolent  Speeches  lately  fpoken  againft 

May  I  J.    cc  thg  Duke,  for  I  am  fofenfible  of  all  your  Honours 

"  ('fays  he)  that  he  that  touches  any  of  you  touches 

•'  me  in  a  very  great  Meafure.     Further,  when  the 

**  Parliament  was  difTolved  in  the  Year  1628.  a  Pro- 

"  clamacion  was  publifhed  together  with  the  above- 

*'  mentioned  Remonftrance,  in  which  his  Majefty  dc- 

^^Y*^^*7.»t  Clares,    That    fince    his  Parliament  was    not  fo 

*'  dutiful  as  they  ought  to  be,    he  was  refolved  to 

'«  live  without  them,  till  ihofe  who  had  interrupted 

"  his  Proceedings  fhould    receive  condign    Punifti- 

*'  ment,  and  his  People  come  to  a  better  Temper  ; 

"•  and  that,  in  the  mean  Time,  he  would  exadl  the 

*'  Duties  that  were  received  by  his  Father,  which 

"  his  now  Majefty  neither  could  nor  would  difpenfc 

*'  with.'* 

Jhp's  Re-      The  Archbiftiop  replied.  That  he  did  indeed  make 

^>»  ,       the  abovemenrioned  Speeches,  but  was  commanded 

jHift.  p.     ^^  ^^^  Service,  and  followed  his  Inftru6lions  as  clofe 

230,405,33   he   could.     As  for    the    fmart    PafTages    com- 

404,  406. plained  of,  he  hopes  they  will  not  be  thought  fuch, 

when  *tis  confidered  whofe  Mouth  was  to  utter  them, 

and  upon   what  Occafion.     However,    if   they   be, 

he  is  heartily  forry  for  them,    and  humbly  dcfires 

chey  may  be  pafs'd  by.     The  Anfwer  to   the  Re- 

monftrance   was    drawn    by    his    Majefty*s  ,Com- 

ma(|d,  as  appears  by  the  Endorfemcnt  j    and  the  fe- 

vere  PafTages  objeded  to,  were  in  his  Inftruftions. 

"When  a  Parliament  errs  may  not  their  King  tell  them 

of  it  ?  Or,  muft  every  PalTage  in  his  Anfwer  be  four 

that  pleafes  not  ? 

The  Managers  went  on  to  produce  fome  other  Paf- 
fages  tending  more  immediately  to  fubvert  the  Rights 
of  Parliament,  and  among  others,  they  infifted  on 
thefc  Three, 

^li-k^Thac 


I 


Chap.V.        of  the  Fu  RiT  AKs.  i8i 

I.  *'  That  the  Archbifhop  had  laid  at  the  Council    King 
•*  Table,    after  the  ending  of  the   late   Parliament, ^*^^'''"  ^' 
•'  that  fwzv  the  King  might  make  ufe  of  his  own  Power.  \^V^ 
*'  This  was  attefted   by  Sir  Harry  Vane  the  BAdtr ^  Arbitrary 
**  who  was  a  Privy  Counfellor,  and  then  prefent.'*     speeches  of 

The  Archbifhop  replied,  1  hnt  he  did  not  remem-'^:"  *'*/' 
ber  the  Words  ;  that  if  he  did  fpeak  them  they  were  ^'!^'i!j'  . 

r       1  1  •/-    1  I  1  1  M.  Charge, 

not  trealonable  ;  or  if  they  were,  he  ought  to  have^^.>^  „^_ 
been  tried  within  fix  Months,  according  to  the  Sta-p/y^ 
tute  1  Eliz.  cap,  6.     That  Sir  Henry  Vane  was  but  a  Laud's 
fingle  Witnefs,  whereas  the  Law  requires  two  Wit-^ift* 
nelles  for  Treafon  ;  befides,  he  conceived  that  thisP'  *^^* 
Advice  reJating  to  the  Scottijh  Troubles  was  within 
the  A<5t  of  Oblivion,  which  he  had  pleaded.    But 
lajl  of  all,  let  it  be  remember'd,  fays  the  Archbifhop, 
for  Sir  Harry's  Honour,  that  he  being  a  Man  in 
Years,  has  fo  good  a  Memory,  that  he  alone  can 
remember  Words  fpoken  at  a  full   Council  Table, 
"which  no  Perfon  of  Honour  remembers  but  himfelf; 
but  I  would  not  have  him  brag  of  it,  for  I  have  read 
in  St.  Aujlin,  that  fame,  even  the  worji  of  Men,  have 
great  Memories,  and  fo  much  the  worfe  for  having  them. 
God  blefs  Sir  Henry  ! 

2.  The  Archbifhop   had    afHrmed,    "  That  theP^*'^'^' 
"  Parliament  might  not  oa,§ddle  with  Religion,  with-'"^""  , 
**  out   the   AfTent  of  the    Clergy   in   Convocation, ^^J^^^^^''^ 
"  Now,    if  this  were  fo    (fay  the   Managers)  wcReiigion. 
"  fhould  have  had  no  Reformation,  for  the  Bifhops^/.  cfe^r^ff. 
"  and  Clergy  diffented.'* 

The  Archbifhop  in  his  Reply  cited  the  Statute-^J^/jtHe- 
I  Eliz.  cap.  I.   which  fays,  thzt  what  is  Herefy  Jhall  beP^y- 
determined  by  the  Parliament,    with   the  yJjfent  of  the^^)^ 
Clergy  in  Convocation,  from  whence  he  concluded,  then.401. 
Parlia,ment  could  not  by  Law  determine  the  Truth 
of  Do6lrine  without  the  AfTent  of  the  Clergy  *,  and  to 
this  the  Managers  agreed,  as  to  the  Point  oi Herefy^ 
but  no  further.     The  Archbifhop  added,  that  in  his 
Opinion,  It  was  the  Prerogative  of  the  Church  alone 
tp  determine  T'ruih  and  Falfhood,  but  that  the  Power 

N  3  of 


i82  t;^^  HISTORY  VoLIir, 

Ki»g    of  making  Laws  for  the  Punifhment  of  erroneous  Per- 
^^j"^^'  ^'^ons,  was  in  the  Parliamenr,  with  the  Aflent  of  the 
\,^-^^  Clergy.     Indeed  the  King  and  Parliament  may,  by 
their  abfolute  Power,  change  Chrijliamiy  into  Turcifm^ 
if  they  pleafe,  and  the  Subje6ls  that  can*t  obey  muft 
fly,  or  endure  the  Penalty  of  theLa\y  ;  but  of  Right 
they  can't  do  this  without  the  Church.     Thus  the  Par- 
liament in  the  beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign, 
by  abfolute  Power,    abolilh'd  Popifti  Superftition  » 
but  when  the  Clergy  were  fettled,  and  a  Form  of  Do* 
Arine  was  to  be  agreed  on,  a  Synod  was  called  1562* 
and  the  Articles  of  Religion  were  confirmed  by  Par- 
liament, with  the  AfTentof  the  Clergy,  which  gave 
all  Parties  their  juft  Right,  and  is  fo  evident,  that  the 
Heathens  could  fee  the  Juftice  of  it,  for  Lucullus  fays 
in  Tully^  that  the  Priejls  were  Judges  of  Religion y  and 
the  Senate  cf  the  Law. 
cfiUK       3.  *c  Af  a  Reference  between  Dr.  Gill^  School- 
^'^  p^W   "  Mafter  of  St.  Paul's,  and  the  Mercers  Company, 
the  canorii''  ^^^  Archbifliop  had  faid,  that  the  Company  could 
0/  the       *'  not  turn  him  out  of  th^  School,  without  Confent  o/" 
church.     «'  his  Ordinary;  and  that  upon  mention  of  an  Aft  of 
M.clarge.ii  Parliament  he  replied,    1  fee  nothing  will  down 
"  wirh  you  but  A^s  of  Parliament,  no  regard  ac 
"  aii  to  the  Canons  of  the  Church  j  but  I  will  refcind 
^    *'  all  Ads  that  are  againfl  the  Canons,  and  I  hope 
"  fhortly  to  fee  the  Canons  and  the  King's  Preroga* 
"  tive  of  equal  Force  with  an  Ad  of  Parliament." 
'Ahp's  Re-      The  Archbifhop  was  fo  provok*d  with  the  Oath 
^'y'  of  this  Witnefs  [Mr.  Samuel  Bloody  that  he  was  go- 

j..^fi_  p^  \ngio  bind  his  Sui  on  his  Souly  not  to  be  forgiven  him, 
2,36,  i-^^jMll  he  Jhould  ajlhim  Forgivenefs  ;  but  he  conquered  his 
Paffion,  and  replied,  Thatfmceby  a  Canon  no  Per- 
Can.  77,  Ion  is  allowed  to  teach  School  without  the  Bifhop*s 
^9*  Licence,  and  that  in  cafe  of  Offence,  he  is  liable  to 

Admonition  and  Sulpenfion,  it  ftands  good,  that 
he  may  not  be  turned  out  without  the  faid  Bifliop's 
Knowledge  and  Approbation.  As  for  the  Words, 
that  he  Jaw  nothing  would  doi^n  innth  them  but  an  A5i  of 

Par- 


Chap. V.       e)/*  r^^  Puritans.  183 

Parliament,  and  that  no  Regard  was  bad  to  the  Canons,     King 
he  conceived  them  to  be  no  Offence-,  for  though  the^^*""^"  ^' 
Superiority  belongs  to  Adls  of  Parliament  in  this  King-  ^-^^ 
dom,  yet  certainly  fome  Regard  is  due  to  the  Ca- 
nons i  and  therefore  he  fays  again,  that  if  nothing  will 
down  with  Men  but  A^s  of  Parliament,  the  Governmeitt 
in  man-j  Particulars  can*t  fubfiji.    But  as  to  the  laft 
Words,  of  his  refcinding  thole  Ads  that  were  againfl: 
the  Canons,  he  is  morally  certain  he  could  not  fay 
them;  nor  does  he  believe  any  Man  that  knows  him 
will  believe  him  fuch  a  Fool,  as  to  fay,  He  hoped  to 
fee  the  Canons  and  the  King's  Prerogative  of  equal 
Force  with  an  A-d:  of  Parliament,  fince  he  has  lived  to 
fee  fundry  Canons  receded,  and  the  King's  Prerogative 
difcufs'd  by  Law,  neither  of  which  can  be  done  by 
any  Judges  to  an  A<5t  of  Parliament.     But  however, 
if  fuch  Words  Ihould  have  efcaped  him,  he  obferves, 
there  is  but  one  Witnefs  to  the  Charge  ;  and  if  they 
be  within  the  Danger  of  the  Statute,  then  to  that  Sta- 
tute which  requires  his  Trial  within  fix  Months  he 
refers  himfelf 

The  Managers  went  on  to  the  fecond  Charge  againll  i'^  ^^f, 
the  Archbilhop,  which  was  his  Defign  to  Subvert  •^'t^'"^''':!. 
THE  Fundamental  Temporal  Laws  of  '^'^^^ tie  taws. 
Kingdom,  and  to  Introd^uce  an  Arbitrary  o/^/j/j- 

GoVERNMENT    AGAINST    LaW   AND   THE  LiBERTY  Money^ 

OF  THE  Subject,     in  Maintenance  whereof  they  :i\'Tonna^ 

ledged,  *'  His  illegal  Preffures  of  Tonnage  and  Pound-  ^^ 

*'  age  without  Ad  of  Parliament,  Ship-Money,  Coat  j^j  cf^arge. 

"  and  Condu^  Money,  Soap- Money^  Sec.  and  his  Com- 

*'  mitment  of  divers  Perfons  to  Prifon  for  Non-Pay- 

*'  ment  ;  for  Proof  of  which  there  appeared,  among 

*'  others,  three  Aldermen  (viz.)  Aldermen  Atkins^ 

*'  Chambers,  and  Adams.** 

The  Archbilhop  confelled,  that  as  to  the  Bufinefs  ^^'^  ^^' 
of  Ship- Money,  he  was  zealous  in  that  Affair,  but  "o^  stud's 
with  an  inrent  to  violate  the  Law,  for  though  this  wos  |.jj(|   p 
before  Judgment  given  for  the  King,  yet  it  was  afte^jjj,  135, 

N  4  thci^. 


iS4  fr;^^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

Khg     the  Judges  had  declared  the  Legality  of  ir  under  their 
^Chades  I. Hands,  and  he  thought  he  might  fafely  follow  fuch 
\,i/^^  Guides.     He  was  likewife  of  Opinion,  that  Tonnage 
and  Poundage,    Coat  and  Conduct  Mone'j,    were  law- 
ful  on  the  King's  Part ;  that  he  was  led   into  this 
Opinion  by  the  exprefs  Judgment  of  fome  Lords  pre- 
fent,  and  by  the  Silence  of  others  •,  none  of  the  great 
Lawyers    at    the    Table    contradicTting   ir  ;     how- 
ever, that  it  was  the  common  Aft  of  the  Council  Ta- 
Me,  and  therefore  All  were  as  culpable  as  himfelf } 
but  he  was  fure  this  could  not  amount  to  Trefon, 
except  it  were  againfl  the  three  Aldermen,  Athns^ 
Chambers,  and  Adams. 
Depopuloj      xhey  objeded  further,    "  fundry  Depopulations, 
*tZhT     *'  ^^^  pulling  down  Houfes ;  that  for  the  Repair  of  Sr. 
dcivn        "  Paul's  above  fixty  Dwelling  Houfes  had  been  pulled 
uoujes.      "  down,  by  Order  of  Council,    wi  hout  any   Satisfa- 
ii.clarge.ii  6lion  to  the  Tenants,  becaufe  they  did  not  accept 

*'  of  the  Committee's  Compofition. That  he 

♦'  had  obliged  a  Brewer  near  the  Court  not  to  burn 
"  Sea-Coal,  under  Penalty  of  having  his  Brewhoufe 
^'  pulled  down  -,  and  that  by  a  like  Order  of  Council 
"  many  Shop-keepers  were  forcibly  turn'd  out  of  their 
"  Houfes  in  Cheapfide,  to  make  way  for  Goldfmitbsy 
"  who  were  forbid  to  open  Shop  in  any  other  Places  of 
*'  the  Cicy.  When  a  CommifTion  was  ifTued  under  the 
"  Broad  Seal  to  himfelf  to  compound  with  Delinquents 
*'  of  this  kind,  Mr.  Talboys  was  fined  fifty  Pounds 
"  for  Non-compliance  •,  and  when  he  pleaded  the 
"  Statute  of  the  qpih  of  Eliz.  the  Archbifhop  repli- 
"  ed,  Do  you  plead  Law  here  ?  Either  abide  the  Order, 
"  or  lake  your  Trial  at  the  Star  Chamber.  When  Mr. 
^*  Wakern  had  one  Hundred  Pounds  allowed  him  for 
?'  the  pulling  down  his  Houfc,  he  was  foon  after  fined 
"  one  Plundred  Pounds  in  the  High  CommiJJion  Court, 
jhpsRe-  "  for  Profanation  ;  of  which  he  paid  Thirty." 
piy-  ^  This  the  Archbifhop  ndmitted,  and  replied  to  the 

L:.iio*5       ^pf}-^  ^\^^^  )^^  humbly  and  heartily  thank'd  God,  that 
z;\",  244,"J^^  ^^^5  counted  worthy  to  fuffcr  for  the  'Repair  of 

.-.6,    156.  be. 


Chap.  V.       0/ //^^  Pur  IT  AN  si  18^ 

St.  Paursy  which  had  coft  him,  ouc  of  his  own  Purfc,     King 
above  twelve  Hundred  Pounds.     As  to  the  Grievan-^^*''^"  ^* 
ces  complain*d  of,  there  was  a  Compoftlion  allotted  \^J^^i^ 
for  the  Sufferers,    by   a  Committee  named  by  the^^^^^" 
Lords,    not  by  him,    which  amounted   to  eight  or 
nine  Thoufand  Pounds,  before  they  could  come  ac 
the  Church  to  repair  it ',  fo  that  if  any  Thing  was 
amifs  it  muft  be  imputed  to  the  Lords  of  the  Coun- 
cil, who  are  one  Body,  and  whatfocver  is  done  by  the 
major  Part  is  the  Ad  of  the  Whole  ;  that  however, 
here  was  fome  Recompense  made  them,  whereas  in 
King  Jameses  Time,  when  a  CommifTion  was  iffued 
for  dcmolifhing  thele  very  Houfes,  no  Care  was  ta- 
ken for  Satisfaction  of  any  private  Man's  Interefl: ; 
and  I  can't  forbear  to  add  (Tays  the  Archbifhop^  thac 
the  Bifhop  and  Dean,  and  Chapter,  did  ill  in  giving 
way  to  thele  Buildings,  to  encreafe  their  Rents  by  a^ 
facrilegious  Revenue;  there  being  no  Law  to  build 
on  confecrated  Ground.     When  it  was  replied  to  this, 
"  That  the  King's  CommifTion  was  no  legal  War- 
**  rant  for  pulling  down  Houfes,  without  Authority 
'*  of  Parliament,"  he  anfwered.  That  Houfes  more 
remote  from  the  Church  of  St.  Paulh  had  been  pulled 
down  by  the  King's  CommifTion  only  in  King  Edward 
the  Third^s  Time.  As  to  the  Brew-Houfe,  the  Arch- 
bifhop  own'd  that  he  had  faid  to  the  Proprietor,  that 
he  muft  feal  a  Bond  of  two  Thoufand  Pounds  to 
brew  no  more  with  Sea-Coal ;  but  it  was  at  the  Coun- 
cil Table  when  he  was  delivering  the  Senfe  of  the 
Board,  which   Office  was  ufually  put  upon   him  if 
prefent  ;     fo    that    this  or  any   other  Hardfhip  he 
might  fufFer  ought  not  to  be  imputed  to  him,  but 
to  the  whole  Council  ;  and  he  was  very  fure  it  could 
not  amount  to  Treafon,  except  it  wereTreafon  againft 
a  BreW'Hotife.     The  like  Anfwer   he  made  ro   the 
Charge  about  the  Goldjmiths  Shops,  namely,  That   it 
was  the  Order  of  Council,   and    was   thought  to   be 
for  the  Benury  and  Grandeur  of  the  City,   and   he 
did  apprehend  the  Council  had  a  Right  to  comaianJ 


i86  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King  in  Things  of  Decencyy  and  for  the  Safety  of  the  SuhjeU^ 
Charles  ^'a»d  where  there  was  no  Law  to  the  contrary.  As  ta  the 
\^^^^^  Words  which  he  fpoke  to  Mr.  Taiboys,  they  were  not 
^  defigned  to  derogate  from  the  Law,  but  to  fliew, 

that  we  fat  not  there  as  Judges  of  the  Law,  but  to 
offer  his  Majefty*s  Grace,  by  way  of  Compofition  to 
them  that  would  accept  it,  and  therefore  he  had  his 
Option,  whether  he  would  agree  to  the  Fine  we  im- 
pofed  upon  him,  or  take  his  Trial  eifewhere.  But 
the  Commons  replied  with  great  Reafon,  That  no 
Commiflion  from  the  King  could  juftify  the  pulling 
down  Mens  Houfes,  or  oblige  them  to  part  with 
their  Eftates  without  Ad  of  Parliament. 
jShgal  The  Managers  objeded  further  to  the  Archbifhop, 

Commit-   (c  feveral  illegal  Commitments,  and  exorbitant  Fines 
a'nd^rchi-*^  and   Cenfures  in  the   Star    Chamber,    and  High 
iitiorts  in  "  Commifllon  Court,   as  in  the  Cafes  of  Prynne,  Bur^ 
the  Spiri-  '«  ton,  BaJiwick,Hunl!ey,  and  others;  and  that  when  the 
tiialCoiutsc;  Perfons  aggrieved  brought  Prohibitions  he  threa- 
Ai.charge.,,  ^^^>^  ^^  l^y  ^^^^  by  the  Heels,  faying.  Does  the 
**  King  grant  us  Pozver,  and  are  we  then  prohibited? 
**  Let  us  go  and  complain,  1  will  break  the  Back  of 
"  Prohibitions,  or  they  fhall  break  mine.     Accordingly 
*•  feveral  Perfons  were  adually  imprifon'd  for  deli- 
*'  vering  Prohibitions,  as  was  tettified  by  many  Wit- 
**  nefies ;    nay,    Mr.  Wheeler  fwore,  that  he  heard 
**  the  Archbifhop  in  a  Sermon  fay.  That  they  which 
*'  panted  Prohibitions  to  the  Dijlurbance  of  the  Church* s 
'•  Right,  God  will  prohibit  their  Entrance  into  the  King- 
'«  dom  of  Heaven.** 
JhfsKe-       The  Archbifhop  replied.  That  the  Fines,  Impri- 
l!a'ud*s      fonm^nts,    and  other  Cenfures  complain'd  of,    were 
Hift.  p.     the  Ads  of  rhe  feveral  Courts  that  direded  them, 
a7o,  i7r,and  not  his.     That  the    Reafon  why  feveral  Per- 
-75>  -y^j-fons  were  imprifoned  for   ppohibitions,  was,    becaufe 
they  delivered  them   into  Court  in    an  unmanner- 
ly way,  throwing  them  on  the  Table,  or  handing 
them  over  the  Heads  of  others   on   a  Stick,  to  the 
Aftront  of  the   Co.urt  ;    notwithftanding  which,    as 

many 


Chap.V.       o/*/^^  Puritans.  187 

many  Prohibitions  had  be^n  admitted  in  his  Time  as     King 
in  his  PrcdecefTors ;    but  after  alJ,  he  apprehended  Charles  I, 
chefe  Prohibitions  were  a  very  great  Grievance  to  the  ijf  JlTy 
Church  v  nor  was  there  the  fame  Reafoa  for  them  ^*^*^ 
row,  as  before  the  Reformation,    for   then  the  Bi- 
fhops   Courts    were  kept    under    a   foreign  Power, 
whereas  now  all  Power  exercifed  in  Spiritual  Courts^ 
is  from  the  King,  as  well  as  in  'Temporal.     As  to  the 
Words  of  his  Sermon,  though  he  did  not  remember 
them,  yet  he  faw  no  great  harm  in  them.     And  hero 
the  Archbifhop  put  the  Lords  in  mind,  that  nothing 
had  been  done  of  late  in  the  Star  Chamber,  or  Coun- 
cil Table,  but  what  had  been  done  in  K.\T\^James  and 
Queen    Elizabeth's    Times.     Nor  is  there  any  one 
W'itnefs  that  fays,  what  he  did  was  with  aDefignto 
overthrow   the  Laws,    or  introduce  Arbitrary  Go- 
vernment i  no,  that  is  only  the  Confl:ru(5tion  of  the 
Managers,  for  ivhichy  and  fomething  elfe  in  their  PrO" 
ceedingSy  I  am  confident,  fays  he,  they  Jhall  anfwer  at 
cnother  Bar. 

The  Managers  objefted  further,  «*  The  ATchhx-'^rlbery oU 
"  fiiop's  taking  undue  Gifts,  and  among  others,  his^!^^^'' "* 
**  receiving  two  Butsof  Sack,  in  a  Caufe  of  fome  ^^^-^^  charge, 
"  fier  Men,  whom  it  was  in  his  Power  to  relieve,  by 
•*  mitigating  the  Fine  fet  on  them  in  the  High  Com- 
•'  mifTion,  and  taking  feveral  large  Sums  of  Money 
"  by  way  of  Compofition  for  Fines  in   the  High 
'*  CommifTion  Court,  making  ufe  of  the  Method  of 
'*  Comfnutation,  by  virtue  of  a   Patent  obtain'd  from 
**  the  King,  which  took  away  all  Opportunity  from 
**  his  Majefty  of  doing  Juftice,  and  fhewing  Mercy 
"  to  his  poorSubjeds,  and  invefted  the  Archbilhop 
"  with  the  final  Determination." 

His  Grace  heard  this  Part  of  his  Charge  with  great  ■<«^?'j  J^*- 
Refentment  and  Impatience.     If  I  would  have  had{'^' 
any  Thing  to  do  in  the  bafe,  dirty  Bufinefs  of  Bribe-  j^jj^ 
ry  (fays  he)  I  needed  not  be  in  fuch  Want  as  I  noAv  p.  17^, 
am.     As  to  the  Sack,  he  protefted,  as  he  Ihould  an- 176.  300. 
fwer  it  to  God,  that  he  knew  nothing  of  ic,  and  offer- 

*cd 


i88 


"the  HISTORY 


Vol.111. 


Khg  ed  to  give  his  Oath,  if  ic  might  be  admitted.  He  de- 
Charles  I.  clartd,  that  when  his  Steward  told  him  of  Mr.  Stone*s 
^L^^  Defign,  he  abfolutely  forbid  his  receiving  it,  or  any 
Thing  from  any  Man  that  had  Bufinefs  before  him  5 
but  Mr.  Stone  watching  a  Time  when  his  Steward  was 
out  ot  Town,  and  the  Archbifhop  at  Court,  brought 
the  Sacky  telling  the  Yeoman  of  the  Wine-Cellar, 
thaL  he  had  leave  to  lay  it  in.  Afterwards,  when  his 
Sceward  acquainted  him,  that  the  Sack  was  brought 
in,  he  commanded  it  fhould  be  carried  back,  but  Mr. 
Stone  entreated  he  might  not  be  fo  difgrac'd,  and  pro- 
tefted  he  did  not  do  it  on  the  Account  of  the  Chefier 
Bufinefs^  though  after  this  he  went  home  and  put  it 
on  their  Account  5  for  which  they  complained  to  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  and  produced  Mr.  Stone  for 
their  Witnefs.  The  Archbifhop  obferves,  that  Mr. 
Browne  in  fumming  up  his  Charge  did  him  Juftice  in 
this  Particular,  for  neither  to  the  Lords  nor  Com- 
mons did  he  fo  much  as  mention  it. 
Comniuhx-  As  to  the  other  Sums  of  Money  which  he  took  by 
thn  of  way  of  Compofitionj  or  ctherwife,  for  Fines  in  he 
penance,  fjjgh  CommifTion,  he  faid,  that  he  had  the  brrnd 
Seal  from  the  King,  for 
Repairing  the  Weft  End 
Space  or  ten  Years,  which 
Hands  of  Mr.  Holford,  and 
feen.     Now  ail  Fines  in  the 


applying    them    to 

of   Sr.    Paul's,    for 

Broad  Seal  is  now  in 

is   on    Record    to 

High  Commifllon 


t.. 
the 
be 
be- 


longing  to  the  Crown,  his  Majefty  had  a  Right  to 
g've  them  to  what  Ufe  he  pleas'd  ;  that  as  for  him- 
lelf,  he  thought  it  his  Duty  to  get  as  much  Money 
for  fo  good  a  Work  as  he  could,  even  by  way  of  Coin^ 
mutalwn  for  certain  Crimes  j  which  Method  of  pecu- 
niary Commutations  is  accordmg  to  Law,  and  the 
ancient  Cuftom  and  Praftice  of  this  Kingdom,  efpe- 
cially  where  Men  of  Quality  are  Offenders,  and  ij 
as  legal  in  that  Court  as  any  other  ;  but  he  had  ap- 
plied no  Part  of  it  to  his  own  Beneiic  or  Advaa- 


I2ge, 


It 


Ghap.  V.       of  the  Vu  KIT  AiJ  s.'  1 89 

It  was  next  objected, ."  Thac.be  had  made  divers    Ktrg 
/'  Alterations  in  the  K'mg^s  Coronation  Oath,    and^-^^^les  L 
^*'  introduced  feveral  unwarrantable  Innovations  wi'h,!^^;^. 
'*  relation  to  that  auguft  Ceremony  •,  as  particularly,  ^J^^^^Jl^^^ 
"  that  he  had  inferted  thofe  Words  into  the  Osithytn  tfrcorf 
*'  agreeable    io   the  Kxn^s    prerogative^    with    about """""w 
**  Twenty  other  Alterations  of  lefs  Moment,  which ^'''^'• 
»*  they  apprehended  to  be  a  Matter  of  mod  dange-    '    '"^^*^ 
"  rous  Confequence.     That   he  had  revived  certain 
«'  old  Popifh  Ceremonies,  difufed  fince  the  Reforma- 
"  tion,  as  the  placing  a  Crucifix  on  the  Altar,  the 
"  confecrating  the  holy  Oil,  tlie  anointing  the  Kirg 
"  in  form  of  a  Crofs,  the  offering  up  ihe  Regalia  on 
«'  the  Altar,  without  any  Rub;ick  or  Diredion  for 
«*  thefe  Things,   and  inferting  the  foilowir.g  Charge, 
*'  taken  verbatim  out  of  the  Roman  Pontifical,  *'  ^land 
•«  and  hold  f aft ^  from  heijceforlh^  the  Place  to' which  you 
«  have  been  Heir  by  the  Succefficn  of  jour  Forefathers^ 
«'  being  now  delivered  to  you  by  the  Authority  of  Alnigh- 
*^  ty  Godf  and  by  the  Hands  of  us,    and  all  the  BifJjops 
'«'  and  Servants  of  God  ;    and  as  you  fee  the  Clergy  come 
<*  nearer  the  Altar  than  others^  fo  remember,   that  in 
•*  Place  convenient  you  give  them  greater  Honour,  thai 
«■'  the  Mediator  of  God  and  Man  may  eflabUpj  you  in  the 
*'  Kingly  Throne,  to  be  the  Mediator  between  the  Clergy 
.««  and  the  Laity,  and  that  you  may  reign  for  ever  with 
**'  J^fi^^  Chrifl,  the  King  of  Kings,  and  Lord  of  Lords^ 
«  who  with  the  Father,  and  the  Holy  Ghoji,  liveth  and 
**  reigneth  for  ever.     Amen." 

The  Archbilhop  replied.  That  he  did  not  infert ^^^ R«?>, 
the  Words  above-mentioned  into  the  Coronation  Oath,  Laud's 
but  that  they  were  firft  added  in  King  Edward  VI,  or  ^'!;*'« 
Queen  £/i2:^i'^/^'s  Time,  and  had  no  relation  to  thep^'ng 
Laws  of  the  Kingdom,  mentioned  before  in  the  be- p.  475. 
ginning  of  the  Oath,    but  to  the  ProfefTion  of  the 
Gofpel,    whereby  the  King  fwears  to  maintain  his 
Prerogative  againft  all  foreign  Jurifdidlions  ;   but  if 
this  be  not  the  Meaning,  he  avers,  that  the  Claufe 
was  in  the  Coronation  Oath  of  King  Japies.    As  to 

the 


t90  TbemSrORY         Vol.  III. 

King    the  Other  Alterations  they  are  admitted  not  to  he  ma- 
Charles  l-terial;   but  his  Grace  confeffeSy  that  when  they  met 
^!f  J^  in  the  Committee  they  were  forced  to  mend 'many    j 
\-/-V^w'  flips  of  the  Pen  in  fome  Places,  and  to  make  Scnfe   " 
and  good  En§ijh  in  others,  and  the  Book  being  in- 
truded with  him  he  did  it  with  his  own  Hand,  openly 
in  the  Committee,  and  with  their  Approbation.     As 
To  the  Ceremonies  of  the  Coronation,  they  are  no- 
thing to  him,  fince  he  did  not  crown  the  King,  but 
his  Predeceflbr,  therefore  he  did  not  anoint  him  in 
form  of  a  Crofs  -,  indeed  he  fupplied  the  Place  ot  the 
Dean  of  Wefmmfter^    and  was  therefore  obliged  to 
look  after  the  Regalia,  and  he  conceives  the  Offering 
them  at  the  Altar  could  be  no  Offence.     He  does  not 
remember   the  Crucifix  was  brought  out   [though 
He-jUn  fays  it  was]  and  as  to  the  Prayer,  it  was  not 
taken  out  of  the  Pontifical  by  him,  for  it  was  ufed  at 
King  Jameses  Coronation,  and  being  a  good  one  *tis 
7)0  matter  whence  it  was  taken.     To  all  which  the 
Managers  replied,  that  i:  appeared  by  his  own  Diary, 
that  he  had  the  chief  Diredtion  of  all  thefe  Innova- 
tions. 
'Attempt  to     The  Managers  went  on,  and  charged  the  Arch- 
fetupan    bifhop,   *'  with  endeavouring  to  fet  up  an  Indepen- 
jndepen-    «  ^^^^   Power  in   the  Church,    by   attempting   to 
in  the       '*  exempt  the  Clergy  from  the  JuriJdi£lion  of  the  Civil 
aerpy.      "  Magtfirate  ;    oi'  which  they  produced  feveral  Ex- 
ManagBvs  "  amplcs ',    one  was,    the  Archbilhop's  forbidding 
charge.     <t  ^j^g  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London  to  carry 
*'  the  Sword  upright  in  the  Church,  and  then  ob- 
*'  taining  an  Order  of  Council  for  fabmitting  it  in 
**  Time  and  Place  of  Divine  Service.     Another  was 
"  taken  out  of  the  Archbilhop's  Diary  i  Upon  ma- 
*'  king  the  Bifhop  of  London  Lord  Treafurer,  he  fays, 
**  No  Church7nan  had  it  fince  Hcmy  VII.  and  now,  if 
*'  the  Church  will  not  hold  up  themjelveSy  under  God,  I 
*'  can  do  no  more.  A  third  was,  his  faying  in  J  he  High 
«,'  Commifljon,    that  Jio  Conftahle  fhould  meddle  with 
mi.  ^      "  ^^"  ^^  '^■'^h  Orders.     A  fourih  was,    his  calling 


Chap.V.       of  the  FuHLiTAKi:  l^i 

*'  fomc  Juftices  of  Peace  into  the  High  Commifllon,     King 

"  for  holding  the  SctTionsixil ewkjbury  in  the  Church- ^'^*'''"  ^* 

"  Yard,  being  confecfated  Ground,  though  they  had  y^^^^X^ 

«  Lkence  from  the  Bifliop,  and  though  the  Eighty  ^^'^' 

"  eighth  Canon    of   the    Church  of  England  gives 

*'  leave,  that  temporal  Courts  or  Leets  may  be  kept 

«'  in  the  Church  or  Church- Yard.     And  a  fifth  was, 

"  that  he  had  caus'd  certain  Church-Wardens  to  be 

*'  profecuted,  for  executing  the  Warrant  of  a  Juftice 

"  of  Peace  upon  an  Ale-Houfe-Keeper,  contrary  to 

*<  the  Statutes  of  7^f£>^.  7.  and  Carol.  3." 

The  Archbifhop  replied  in  general,  that  he  never  3X'Ahp*s  Re-: 
tempted  to  bring  the  temporal  Power  under  the  Clergy ,  p/> 
nor  to  free  the  Clergy  from  being  under  it;  but  thisj,*"*^' 
he  confefs'd,  that  he  had  labour*d  to  preferve  the^g,' ^g^; 
Clergy  from  fome  Lay  -  Me^i*9  Opprefllons,  for 
Vis  Laica  has  been  an  old,  and  a  juft  Complaint ; 
and  this  I  took  to  be  my  Duty  (fays  he)  affuring  my 
felf  that  God  did  not  raife  me  to  that  Place  of  Emt- 
nency  to  fit  (till,  and  fee  his  Minifters  difcountenai>- 
ced  and  trampled  upon.  To  the  firft  Particular  he 
replied,  that  it  was  an  Order  of  Council,  and  there- 
fore not  his ;  bat  it  was  a  rcafonable  one,  for  the 
Sword  was  not  fubmitted  to  any  foreign,  or  home 
Power,  but  to  God  only^  and  that  in  the  PJace,  and 
at  the  Performance  of  his  holy  WorfhijJ,  at  which 
Time  and  Place  Kings  fubmit  themfelves,  and  there- 
fore can*t  infifl  upon  the  Emblems  of  their  Power. 
To  the  fecond  and  third  Examples  he  replkd,  that 
he  faw  no  Treafon  nor  Crime  in  them.  To  the 
fourth  he  replied,  that  no  temporal  Courts  ought  to 
be  kept  upon  confecrated  Gromd ;  and  that,  though 
fome  fuch  might  upon  urgent  Occafions  be  kept  in 
the  Church  with  leave,  yet  that  is  no  Warrant  for  a 
SefTions,  where  there  might  be  a  Trial  for  Blood  •, 
and  certainly  it  can  be  no  Crime  to  keep  off  Profana- 
tion from  Churches  ;  but  be  it  never  fo  criminal  ic 
was  the  Aft  of  the  High  Commiflion,  and  not  his  ♦, 
nor  is  there  any  Thing  in  ic  that  looks  towards  ^reeir 

(on. 


192  T^^  H I S  T  D  R"?         .Vol Ilf  • 

King    fin.     To  the   Profcciiting  the  Church-Wardens  he 
Charles  I-anfwcr'd,    that  thofe  Statutes  concern'd  Ak-Houfe- 
yy-^X^  Keepers  only,  and  the  Reafon  why  they  were  profe- 
cuted  was,  becaufe  being  Church-Gfficers  they  did 
not  complain  of  it  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Diocefe, 
for  certainly   (landing    in    fuch  a  Relation    to   the 
Church  they  ought  to  have  been  as  ready  to  infornl 
the  Bifliop  as  to  obey  the  Juftice  of  the  Peace. 
sitting  of      Lajily,    The  Managers  objected  to   the  Archbt- 
$h6  coj3vo-ci  fl^op.  The  Convocation's  fitting   after    the  Par- 
ur^hepar-^^  liament  was  diffolved,  contrary  to  La-w  j  their  im- 
liament  .  "  pofing   an  Oath  on   the  Subjed,  and  their  m2i- 
M.charge,**'  king  fundry  Canons,  which  had  fince  been  voted 
Amclej.  (c  i^y  both  Houfes  of  Parliament   contrary   to  the 
*'  King's  Prerogative,  to  the  fundamental  Laws  of 
*<  the  Realm,  to  the  Rights   of  Parliament,  to  the 
>'  Property  and  Liberty  of  the  Subjedl,  and  contain-- 
^/*  ing  Matters  tending  to  Sedition,  and  of  dangerous 
*<  Co"f"squence." 
'jlp's  Re-      The  Archbifhop  replied,  that  the  Sitting  of  the 
/'^»  ,       Convocation  after  the  DifTolution  of  the  Parliament 
H^ft.  ^      ^^^'  *"  ^^^  Opinion  both  of  Judges  and  other  Law- 
p.  a82.     yers,  according  to  Law  ;    that   as   they  were  call- 
ed to  fit  in  Convocation  by  a  different  Writ  from  that 
which  called  them,  as  Bifhops  to  fit  in  Parliament, 
fo  they  could  not  rife  till  they  had  a  Writ  to  difcharge 
them.     As  fof  the  Oath  fo  much  complained  of,  it 
was  according  to  Law,  or  elfe  they  were  mifled  by 
fuch  Precedents  as  were  never  excepted  againfl,  for 
in  the  Canons  made  in  King  Jameses  Time,  there  was 
an  Oath  againfl  Simony,  and  an  Oath  for  Licences  for 
Marriages,  and  an  Oath  for  Judges  in  Ecclefiaflical 
Courts,  and  all  thefe  eftablifhed  by  no  other  Autho- 
rity than  the  late  one.     As  to  the  Vote  of  both  Hou- 
fes, which  condemn'd  the  Canons^  fince  their  Lord- 
fhips  would  not  fuffer  him  to  debate  the  Juflice  and 
Equity  of  it,  he  could  only  reply,  that  alj  thefe  Ca- 
nons were  made  in  open  and  full  Convocations,  and 
are  Ads  of  that  Body,  and  cannot  be  alcribed  to  him, 

though 


fchap. V.       of  fbe  Pv^tr An H  193; 

though  Prefident  of  that  Synod,  fo  by  me  (fays  the     King 
Archbiihop)  they  were  not  made.  Charles  r. 

Thcfc  were  the  principal  Evidences  produced  by 
th6  Commons  in  Maintenance  of  the  firft  Branch  of 
their  Charge  (viz.)  his  Grace*s  Endeavours  to  fubvcrt 
the  Rights  of  Parliament,  and  the  Fundamental 
Temporal  Laws  of  the  Kingdom.  From  whence 
it  is  eafy  toobferve,  that  befidestheSharpnefsofthe 
Archbifhop's  Temper,  there  are  three  capital  Mi- 
ftakes  which  run  through  this  Part  of  his  Defence. 
,  I.  A  groundiefs  Suppofition,  thdit  where  ibe  Law  is ii^«>7tarks^ 
filent  the  Prerogative  takes  place ;  and  that  in  all  fuch 
Cafes,  a  Proclamation,  an  Order  of  Council,  or  a 
Decree  of  the  Star-Cham  ber,  ^c.  is  binding  upon 
the  Subjed: ;  and  that  Difobedience  to  fuch  Procla- 
mations or  Orders  might  be  punifhed  at  Difcretion. 
This  gave  Rife  to  mod  of  the  unwarrantable  Orders 
by  which, the  Subjedl  was  infufferably  opprefs*d  in  the 
former  Pare  of  this  Reign,  and  to  the  exorbitant 
Fines  that  were  levied  for  Difobedience,  in  which  the 
Archbifhop  himfelf  wa^  notorioufly  aftive. 

2.  The  falfe  Conclufions   drawn  from  his   being  hut 
a  Jingle  Member   of  the    Council   or   High  Commiffi' 
on  (viz.)    that  therefore  he  was   not  anfwerable  for 
their  Votes  or  Orders,  even  though  he  had  fee  his 
Hand  to  them  ;  becaufe  what  is  carried  by  a,  MajorityL^ud'i 
is  fuppdfed  to  be  the  A£i  of  the  whole  Body,  and  not  of  anj  H'^* 
particular  Member.     According  to  which  way  of  Rea-^"  "^5^* 
foning  the  Conftitution  might  be  deftroy'd,  without  a 
Pofllbilrty  of  punifhing  the  Authors. 

3.  His  wilful  MifconJlru5lion  of  the  Managers  Rea^ 
JoHings ;  as  when  he  replies  with  an  Air  of  Satisfa- 
(Stion  and  Triumph,  he  hopes  this  or  the  o'.her  Par- 
ticular will  not  be  conftrued  Treafon,  unlefs  it  be 
againft  a  Brew-Houfe  or  an  Alderman^  or  the  like  j 
though  he  was  told  over  and  over,  by  the  Managers 
for  the  Commons,  that  they  did  not  obje6l  rhefe 
Things  to  him  as  fo  many  treafonable  A(fts,  but  as 

Vol.  III.  O  Proof? 


King    Proofs  and  Evidences  of  one  general  Charge,  which 
Ch^arles  I.  ^^^^  ^  traiterous  Attempt  and  Endeavour  to  fubvert  the 
K^^'^yX^  Fundamental  Temporal  Laws,  Government^  and  Liber- 
ties of  the  Realm  ;  and  how  far  they  have  made  good 
this  Part  of   their  Charge  muft   be  left  with  the 
Reader. 

^d general    The  Commons  proceeded  next  to  the  third  gene- 

sut^er'twp^^^  Charge,    relating  to  Religion,    in  which  our 

KeUgien.   Hiftory  requires  us  to  be  more  particular  ;  and  here 

they  aver,  "  That  the  Archbifhop  had  traiteroufly 

*'  endeavoured  and  praftifed  to  Alter  and  Sub- 

*'   VERT     GoD*S    TRUE    ReLIGION    BY    LaW    ESTA- 

*«  blish'd  in  this  Realm,  and  instead  there- 
of TO  set  up  Popish  Superstition  and  Idola- 
try, and  to  Reconcile  us  to  the  Church  of 
Rome. 

This  was  divided  into  two  Branches, 

Firft,  **  His  introducing  and  pradifing  certain  Po- 
*'  pifh  Innovations,  and  fuperflitious  Ceremonies,  noc 
**  warranted  by  Law,  nor  agreeable  to  the  Practice 
"  of  the  Church  of  England  fince  the  Reforma- 
«'  tion. 

Secondly,  "  His  countenancing  and  encouraging 
«'  fundry  do6lrinaI  Errors  in  favour  of  Arminianifm 
"  and  PoperyP 

The  Managers  began  with  Popish  Innovations 
and  Ceremonies,  in  Maintenance  of  which  they  in- 
filled on  the  following  Proofs. 


'O 


pawthg^  ^i.)  ti  His  countenancing  the  Setting  up"  of  Images  in 
'T/ w'  "  Churches,  Church  mndows,  and  other  Places  of  Reli- 
Crucifixes. ''  g^^^^  Worjhip.  That  in  his  own  Chapel  at  Lambeth 
M.charge.*-^  he  had  repaired  the  Popifh  Paintings  on  the  Win- 
Prynne's  *'  dows  that  had  been  |deftroy'd  at  the  Reformati- 
Cant.  «t  on,  and  made  up  the  Hiftory  of  Chrift  crucified 
^X'a'/'  between  two  Thieves;  of  his  rifing  out  of  the 
461?  ''*"  ^^^^^  '  o^  his  Afcenfion  into  Heaven  ;  of  the 
**  Holy  Gboft  defcending  in  form  of  a  Dove ;  of 

"  Chrift 


thap.  V.       of  the  Vu-s.  IT  All  sJ  1 95 

•*  Chrilt  ralfing  Lazarus  out  of  the  Grave  ;  and  of    ^i^g 

•'  God  himklf  raining  down  Manna  from  Heaven  •, ^*'^''^" 

•*  of  God's  giving  rhe  Law  to  Mojes  on  Moy^nt  Sinai ;  ^^J-vti^ 

**  of  Fire  dcfcending   from   Heaven  ac  the  Prayer  of 

•'  Elifhay    of  the   Holy    Ghoft  ovcr-fhadowing   the 

*'  Virgin,  i^c.  all  taken  from  the  Roman  MilTal,  with 

*'  feveral  fuperftitious  Motto's  and  Infcriptions.  Thac 

'*  he  had  caufed  divers  Crucifixes  to  be  fer  up  in 

•'  Churches  over  the  Communion  Table,  in  his  Cha- 

**  pel  at  Lambeth,  at  fVbitehally  and  at  the  Univer- 

*'  fity  of  Oxford,  of  which  he  was  Chancellor.     That 

**  in  the  Parifh  of  St.  Marfs  there  was  fince  his  Time 

*'  ereded  a  Statue  of  the  Virgin  Mary  cut  in  Stone, 

*'  with  a  Child  in  her  Arms,  to  which  divers  People 

"  bow'd  and  did  Reverence  as  they  went  along  the 

*'  S'recrs,  which  could  not  be  done  without  his  Al- 

•'  lowance  ;    nay,    fo  zealous  was  this  Prelate  (fay 

*'  the  Managers)  in  defence  of  Images,  that  he  pro- 

**  cured  Mr.  Sherjield  to   be  fentenced    in   the  Star 

•'Chamber,    for  defacing  a  Church  Window  in  or 

*'  near  Salijbury,  becaule  there  was  an  Image  in  it  of 

**  God  the  Father  •,  all  which  is  contrary  to  the  Sta- 

**  tute  of  the  3d  and  4th  of  Edward  VI.  and  the  In- 

*'  junftions  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  which  enjoin,  All  Pi- 

*'  ^ures.  Paintings,  Images,    and  other  Monuments  of 

**   Idolatry  and  Superflition  to  be  dejlrofd,  fo  as  that 

*'  there  remain  no  Memory  of  them  in  Walls,  Glafs  Win- 

•*  dows,  or  elf  where,  within  any  Church  or  HoufeJ* 

The  Archbifhop  anfwer'd  in  general,  that  Cruci-^^/*'^  ^*^- 
jfi\es  and  Images  in  Cnurches  were  not  fimply  un--(^^^j. 
lawful  ;  that  they  were  in  Ufe  in  Conftantine^s  Timenift. 
ar.d   long   before,    and  therefore  there  could   be  nop.  311. 
Popery    in   them.     Tertullian  fays   they   had  the  Pi-^rynne, 
dli  re  of  Chrift  engraven  on  their  Chalice  in  form  of  aP'/^'^^' 
Snepherd  carrying  home  a  loft  Sheep  -,  and  even  Mr."^  ^'  '^ 
Calvi::  allows  an  hiftorical  Ufe  of  Images,  Inftit.  1.  i.   • 
cap.  1 1.  Se(ft.  1 2.   Neq^ue  tamen  ea  Superjtitione  teneor  ut 
nullas  prorfus  Imagines  ferendas  cenfeam,  Jed  quiafculptu* 
ra^  p5iura,  Dei  dona  funt,  purum  £s?  legitimum  utriuf- 

O  2  qut 


196  f/^?  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

K^tfg    fueufum  requiro.     The  Archbifhop  appeal*d  likewifc 
Charles  I-jQ^he  Homslles,   p.  64,  6s.  for  an  hiftorical  Ufe  of 
x^'^^  Images  -,  but  if  it  fhould  be  granted  (fays  he)  that 
they  are  condemn*d  by  the  Homilies,  yet  certainly 
one  may  fubfcribe  to  the  Homilies  as  containing  a 
godly  and  wholfome  Do£lrine,    necelTary  for  thofc 
Times,    without  approving  every  Paffage  or  Sen- 
tence, or  fuppofing  it   neceflary  for  all  Times.    I 
do  not  approve  of  Images  of  God  the  Father,  though 
fome  will  juftify  them  from  Dan,  vii.  22.  but  as  for 
the  Images  of  Things  vifible,  they  are  of  ufe,  not 
only  for  the  beautifying  and  adorning  the  Places  of 
divine  Worfhip,  but  for  Admonition  and  Inftrufli- 
on  ;  and  can  be  an  Offence  to  none  but  fuch  as  would 
have  God  ferved  flovenly  and  meanly,  under  a  Pre- 
tence of  avoiding  Superflition. 
Prynne,        ^g  j-q  j-j^g  Particulars,  the  Archbifhop  allowed  his 
"^  '^  '"     Repairing  the  Windows  of  his  Chapel  at  Lambeth, 
and  making  out  the  Hiflory  as  well  as  he  could,  but 
not  from  the  Roman  Miffal,  fince  he  did  not  know  the 
Particulars  were  in  it,  but  from  the  Fragments  of  what 
remained  in  the  Windows  fince  the  Reformation  •,  but 
if  they  had  been  originally  painted  by  his  Order,  as 
in  the  Cafe  of  the  new  Chapel  at  Wejiminjler^  he  knows 
Laud*«     no  Crime  in  it.  The  Image  of  the  Virgin  Mar'j  in  Ox- 
fordM^SLS  fet  up  by  Bilhop  Owen,  and  there  is  no  Evi- 
dence that  I  countenanced  the  fetting  it  up,  nor  that 
any  Complaint  was  made  to  me  of  any  Abufe  of  it. 
^•P^J'f'Asto  Mr.  SherfieWs  Cafe,  one  of  the  Witnefles  fays, 
it  was  the  Pidlure  of  an  old  Man  with  a  Budget  by 
his  Side,  pulling  out  Adam  and  Eve,  'tis  not  there- 
fore certain  that  it  was  the  Image  of  God  the  Father ; 
but  if  it  was,  yet  Mr.5^(fr/(f/^  ought  not  to  havedefaced 
it  but  by  Command  of  Authority,  though  it  had  beea 
an  Idol  of  Jupiter  ;  the  Orders  of  the  Veftry  which  Mr. 
•    SlT^rfielA  pleads,  being  nothing  at  all  without  the  Bi- 
lhop of  the  Diocefe.     The  Statute  of  Edward  VL 
has  nothing  to  do  with  Images  in  Glafs  Windows,  the 
Words  of  the  Statute  are,  An^  Images  of  Stone,  Timber^ 


Chap.V.        of  tbe  FuRiT  Aus,  197 

Alabajler,  or  Earth,  grave)!,  carved,  or  painted,  taken     Kifig 
out  of  an-j  Church,  &c.  Jhall  be  dejiroyed.     So  here   is^^"^^*  ^• 
not   a  Word  of   Glafs  Windows,     nor  Images    invj^tt^ 
them. 

The  Managers  for  the  Commons  replied,  that  izm.  Reply  to 
was  notorioufly  falfe,    that  the  primitive  Chriftians^"'^?- "/ 
approved    of   Images,    for    Jujlin   Martyr,    ^^^^tens^^^"^" 
Alexandrinus,  Iremsus,  and   all   the   ancient  Fatherspj.ynnr 
agree,  that  they  had  none  in  their  Churches,     -^^-p.  463, 
iiantius  fays.  There  can  be  no  Religion  in  a  Place'f<^4« 
where  any  Image  is.     Epiphaniui  rent  in  Pieces  an 
Image  painted  on  Cloth,  which  he  found  in  a  Church, 
out  of  holy  Indignation.     All  the  ancient  Councils  are 
againft  Images  in  Churches ;  and  many  godly  Empe- 
rors caft  them  out,  afcer  they  began  to  be  in  Ufe  in  la- 
ter Times,    as  our  own  Homilies  exprefly  declare. 
Peril  of  Idolatry,    ParHI.  p.  38.     As  for  Tertullian, 
all  that  can  be  proved  from  him  is,  that  thofe  Here- 
ticks  againft  whom  he  writ  had  fuch  a  Chalice,  not 
that  the  Orthodox  Chriftians  allowed  of  ir.     Calvin 
only  fays,  That  he  is  not  fo  fuperftitious  as  to  think 
it  altogether  unlawful  to  make  Images  of  Men  or 
Beafts  for  a  civil  Ufe,  becaufe  Painting  is  the  Gift  of 
God.     But  he  affirms  in  the  very  next  Section,  that 
there  were  no  Images  in  Churches  for  five  Hundred 
Years  after  Chrifl ;  and  fays  exprefly,  that  they  were 
not  in  ufe  till  the  Chriftian  Religion  was  corrupted 
and  depraved.     He  then  adds,  that  he  accounts  it  un- 
lawful and  wicked  to  paint  the  Image  of  God,  be- 
caufe he  has  forbid  ir.     But  the  Homilies  are  fo  ex- Peril  of 
prefs,  that  they  wonder  the  Archbifhop  can  mcntion^'^°'- 
them  without  blulhino; ;  as  well  as  his  not  knowing^'  ''•^j'^^» 
that  the  Paintings  were  according  to  the  Mals-Book, 
when  his  own  Mafs-Book  is  marked  in  thofe  Places 
with  his  own  Hand.  The  Images  in  thofe  Windows  were 
broken  and  demolifhed  at  the  Reformation,  by  virtue 
of  our  Statutes,  Homilies  andlnjunflions,  and  remained 
as  Monuments  of  our  Indignation  againft  i^c?/?;//?)  Idola- 
try, till  [he  Archbilhop  repaired  them.     The  Mana- 

O  3  gers 


198  ry&^  HISTORY         Voim.       ; 

K/w^  gers  obferved  further,  that  the  Archbifhop  had  con- 
Charles  I-fefs'd  the  Particulars  of  this  part  of  their  Charge,  and  \ 
vJ-^14^  had  only  excufed  himfelf  as  to  the  Univerfity  ofOxford^ 
though  they  conceive  it  impoflible  he  could  be  igno^ 
rant  of  thofe  Innovations,  being  Chancellor  and  Vi- 
fitor,  and  having  entertain'd  the  King,  Queen,  and 
Eledor  Palatine  there  for  feverai  Days.  As  for 
Mr.  Sherfiel?z  Cafe,  they  apprehend  the  Authority 
of  the  Veftry  was  fjfficient  in  a  Place  exempt  from 
the  Jurifdidion  of  the  Bifhop,  as  St.  Edmund*^  Church 
was.  And  the  Managers  are  ftill  of  Opinion,  that 
the  Statute  oi Edward  VI.  extends  to  Images  in  Glafs 
Windows;  and  that  which  confirms  them  in  it  isi 
that  the  Injundions  of  Qiieen  Elizabeth  made  in  pur- 
iuance  of  this  Law,  extend  in  dired  Terms  to  Ima- 
ges in  Glafs  Windows ;  and  the  Praflice  of  thofe 
Times  in  defacing  them  infallibly  proves  it. 

^oftfecra-       (2,)  Another   Popifli  Innovation  charged   on   the 
tion  of      Archbifhop,  wa,s,  "  His  fuperjlitious  Manner  of  conjecra- 
AttdMian  "  iif^g  Chapels^  Churches^  and  Church-Tards  \  they  in- 
ATtdFeafn  "  ftanced  in  Creed- Church ^of  which  the  Reader  has  had 
tfDedua-  '<  art  Account  before  ;  and  in  St.  Giles's  in  the  Fields^  - 
i.ow.         ts  which  being  fallen  to  decay,  was  in  part  Re-edified 
Prvnne'^^*"  ^"^  finilh'd  in  Bifhop  Mountaine*s  Time,  Divine 
p.  114,'     '*  Service,  and  Adminiftration  of  Sacraments  having 
497.         "  been  perform'd  in  it  three  or  four  Years  before  his 
*'  Death  ;    but  no  fooner  was  the  Archbifhop  tran- 
"  flated  to  the  See  of  London,  but  he  interdided  the 
*'  Church,  and  fhut  up  the  Doors  for  feverai  Weeks, 
*'  till  he  had  re-confecrated  it,  after  the  Manner  of 
"  Creed-Church,  to  the  very  great  Cofl:  and  Charge  of 
*«  the  Parifh,  and  contrary  to  the  Judgment  cf  Bl- 
"  fhop  Parker,  and  our  firll  Reforme*rs." 

*'  They  objected  further,  h\%  conjecrating  of  Altars, 
"  with  all  their  Furniture,  as  Pattens,  Chalices,  Al- 
"  tar-Cloths,  &c.  even  to  the  Knife  that  was  to  cut 
''  the  facramcntal  Bread  ;  and  his  dedicati?2g  the 
"  Churches  to  certain  Saints,  together  with  his  pro- 

"  moting 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Pv  RiT AH  s.  199 

"  mocing  annual  Revels,  or  Feafts  of  Dedication  on    Kir,^ 
«  the  Lord*s  Day  in  feveral  Parts  of  the  Country, ^^'^^"'  ^* 
*'  whereby  that  boly  Day  was  profaned,  and  the  Peo-  v^^p-yO 
**  pie  encouraged  in  Superftition  and  Ignorance." 

The  Archbifliop  anfwered    to  the  Confecration  ofj^P^^^'' 
Churches,  that  the  Pradlice  was  as  ancient  zs'MofesJ^ZJ 
who  confecrated  the  Tabernacle,  with  all  its  Y t^th crathg 
and  Ornaments;    that  the  Temple  was  afterwards Cit«rcfc«x. 
confecrated  by  King  Solomons  that  as  foon  as  Chri-La"<i'5 
ftian  Churches  began  to  be  built,  in  the  Reign  of     ' 
Conji antine  t\it  Great,  they  were  confecrated,  as  Eu-  '\  ' 
febius  teftifies  concerning  the  Church  of  Tyre,  in  his 
Ecclefiaftical  Hiftory,   /.  10.    cap.  3.    and  fo  it  has 
continued  down  to  the  prefent  Time.    Befides,    ifP'^ynne, 
Churches  were  not  confecrated  they   would  notbeP**^^* 
holy  ;  nor  does  Archbifhop  P<2ri('<?r  fpeak  againft  Con- 
fecrations  in  general,  but  againft  Popifh  Confecra- 
tions,  which  mine  were  not  (fays  the  Archbilhopj 
for  I  had  them  from  Bifhop  Andrews. 

As  to  the  Manner  of  confecrating  Creed-Church,  St.i'^^^.^P{^ 
Gileses,  &c.  his  Gr«^^  con feffed,  that  when  he  came^^^^^'^* 
to  the  Church  Door,  that  PafTage  in  the  Pfalms  was 
read.  Lift  up  your  Heads,  O  ye  Gates,  even  lift  them  up, 
ye  everlajling  Doors,  that  the  King  of  Glory  may  come  in  ; 
that  he  kneePd  and  bow'd  at  his  Entrance  into  the 
Church,  as  Mofes  and  Aaron  did  at  the  Door  of  the 
Tabernacle  ;    that  he  declared  the  Place  holy,    and 
made  ufe  of  a  Prayer  like  one  in  the  Roman  Pontifi- 
cal ;  that  afterwards  he  pronounced  divers  Curfes  on 
fuch  as  fhould  profane  it,  but  denied  his  throwing 
Duft  into  the  Air,  in  which,  he  faid,  the  WitnelTes 
had  forfworn  themfelves,  for  the  Roman  Pontifical 
does  not  prefcribe  throwing  Duft  into  the  Air,  but 
Afoes  \   and  he  conceives  there  is  no  harm,    much 
lefs  Treafon  in  it.    The  PradVice  of  giving  the  Names 
di  Angels  and  Saints  to  Churches  at  their  Dedication, 
for  Diftindion  fake,  and  for  the  Honour  of  their 
Memories  (fays  his  Grace)  has  been  very  ancient,  as 
appears  in  St.  Auftin,  and  divers  others  of  the  Fa- 

O  4  thers, 


:aoo  r/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

Ring    thers,  but  the  Dedication  ftriflly  fpeaking  is  only  tp 
Charles  I.Qq^  .  ^^^  j^  ^j^^  obferving  the  annual  Feafts  of  De- 
\,tf^'^X^  dication  lefs  ancient ;  the  Feaft  of  the  Dedication  of 
the  Temple  was  obferved  in  our  Saviour's  Time, 
and  though,  no  doubt,  it  was  abufed  by  fome  among 
the,  Jews^  yet  our  Saviour  honoured  it  with  his  Pre- 
j^?^°^     fence.     Judge  Richard/on^  indeed,  had  made  an  Qr- 
p.  u^.    der  in  his  Circuit,    for  "putting  down  thefe  Wakes^ 
but  he  was  obliged  to  revoke  it  by  Authority,  and 
under  Favour  (fays  the  Arch bilhop)  T  am  of  Opini- 
on, that  the  Feajls  ought  not  to  be  put  down  for  fome 
Abufes,  any  more  than  all  Vines  ought  to  be  rooted 
up  becaufe  fome  will  be  drunk  with  the  juice  of  them. 
The  Fc-^T^j  are  convenient  for  keeping  up  Hofpitality 
and  good  Neighbourhood  *,  nor  can  thefe  be  a  more 
proper  Time  for  obferving  them,  than  on  Sundays  af- 
ter divine  Service  is  ended. 
fraT^^Ai      ^"^  ^^  ^^^  Confecrating  of  Churches,  and  dedica- 
^^y"^'^^ 'ting  ihem  to  God,    has   been   of    ancient    Ufage, 
iheirTur-io  has  the  Confccratiou  of  Altars,  and  their  Furni- 
iinure.      ture,  and  fuch  Confecrations  are  neceffary,  for  elfe 
lb. i).  31 3. the  Lord's  Table  could  not  be  called  holy,  nor  the 
VefTels  belonging  to  it  holy,  as  they  ufually  are  ;  yea, 
there  is  an  Holinefs  in  the  Altar  which  fandlifies  the 
Gift,  which  it  could  not  do,  except  it  felf  was  holy  ; 
if  there  be  no  Dedication  of  thefe  Things  to  God,  no 
Separation  of  them  from  common  Ufe,  then  there 
can  be  no  fuch  Thing  as  Sacrilege,  or  difference  be- 
tween an  holy  Table,  and  a  common  one.     And  as  to 
the  Form  of  confecraring  thefe  Things,  I  had  them 
not  from  the  Roman  Pontifical,  but  from  Bifhop  An- 
drews, 
^iTl^^tl'      '^^^  Managers  for  the  Commons  replied,  that  if 
fh^Mti-   ^^^  Temple  was  confecrated  it  was  by  the  King  himfelf^ 
(julty  of    and  not  by  the  Hiih  Prieji  •,  and  if  the  Tabernacle  was 
confecra-   confecfated,    it  was   by  Mofes,  the  civil  Magijlrate, 
*'m  and  not  by  Aaron  the  High  Priejl  ;  but  we  read  of  no 

pfvmfe*  OLher  confecrating  the  Tabernacle  and  its  Utenfils, 
p!'Vi'r/  butanointingthem  with  Oil,  \ov  ^hichMofes  had  an 
499:  Q^c.  exprefs 


phap.V.       o/'//&^  Pur  iTANs.  201 

cxprefs  Command  ;  nor  of  any  other  confecrating    King 
the  Temple,  but  of  Solomon*s  making  an  excellent ^^a""'"  X- 
Prayer  in  the  outward  Court,  not  in  the  Temple  it  fe/f,  ^iil^ 
and  of  his  hallowing  the  middle  Court  by  Offer- 
ings and  Peace-Offerings ;  and  'tis  obfervable,  that 
the  Cloud  and  Glory  of  the  Lord  filled  the  Temple,  fo 
as  the  Priefts  could  not  ftand  to  minifter  before  Solo- 
7?io7t  made  his  Prayer,  which  fome  call  his  Confecration. 
But  if  it  Ihould  be  allowed,  that  the  Temple  was 
confecrated  in  an  extraordinary  Manner,  we  have  no 
mention  either  in  Scripture,  OTjewiJh  Writers,  of  the 
Confecration    of    their    Synagogues,     to    which    our 
Churches  properly  fucceed.     And  after  all,  'tis  no 
conclufive  Way  of  arguing,  to  derive  a  Chriftian  In-  • 
ftitution  from  the  Pradice  of  the  Jewifi  Church,   be- 
caufe  many  of  their  Ordinances  were  temporary,  ce- 
remonial, and  abolifhed  by  the  Coming  of  Chrift. 

From  the  beginning  of  Chriftianity  we  have  noprynne;^ 
credible  Authority    for    confecrating    Churches  forP«5oi- 
three  Hundred  Years.     Eufebius,  in  the  Life  of  Con- 
fiantineibe  Great,  indeed,  mentions  his  confecrating 
a  Temple  that  he  built  over  our  Saviour's  Sepulchre 
at  J erufalem-,   hut  how?    With  Prayers,    Difputa- 
tions,  Preaching,  and  Expofition  of  Scripture,  as  he 
cxprefly  defines  it,  cap.  45.  Here  were  no  Proceflions, 
no  knocking  at  the  Doors  by  the  Bifhop,   crying. 
Open,  ye  everlajiing  Doors  *,  no  cafling  Duft  or  Afhes 
into  the  Air,  and  pronouncing  the  Ground  holy  ;  no 
reverencing  towards  the  Altar,    nor  a  great  many 
other  Inventions  of  later  Ages ;  no,  thefe  were  not 
known  in  the  Chriftian  Church  till  the  very  darkeft 
Times  of  Popery  -,   nay,  in  thofe  very  dark  Times, 
we  are  told  by  Otho,  the  Pope's  Legate,  in  his  Ecclefi- 
'aftical  Conftitutions,  that  in  the  Reign  of  King  Hen- 
ry III.  there  were  not  only  divers  Parifh  Churches, 
but  fome  Cathedrals  in  England,  which  had  been  ufed 
for  many  Years,  and  yet  never  confecrated  by  a  Bi- 
fhop.    But  it's  plain  to  a  Demonftration,  thar  th^ 
Archbilhop's  Method  of  confecrating  Churches  is  a 

modern 


202  ne  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

Khg    modern  Popifh  Invention,  for  'tis  agreed  by  Gratian^ 
Charles  I.  piatina,  the  Cenlurtaton,  and  others,  that  Pope  Hy- 
yj£^J^  gimsy  Gelafius,  Silvejier,  Felix  and  Gregory,  were  the 
Prynne,  p.^^ft  Inventers  and  Promoters  of  ic ;  and  it  is  no  where 
ji6,  1 17. to  be  found  but  in  the  Roman  Pontifical,  publilh'd 
by  command  of  Pope  Clement  VIII.  De  Eccleftcd  Dedi-^ 
catione^  p.  209,280.    for  which  Reafons  it  was  ex- 
Ib.p.  iij.pJoded  and  condemned  by  our  firil  Reformers,  and 
particularly  by  Bifhop  Pilkingion,    in  his  Comment 
upon  Haggai,  ch.  i.  ver.  7,  8,  and  Archbilhop  Parker ^ 
who  in  his  Jntiq^.Britan.  exprefly  condemns  the  Arch- 
biftiop*s  Method  of  Confecration  as  Popifli  and  Super- 
ftitious,  p.  85,  86,  87. 
lb.  p.  jot.     But  the  Archbifhop  fays,  if  Churches' are  not  con- 
fecrated   they   can't  be  holy,  whereas  many   Places 
that  were  never  confecrated  are  ftiJed  Holy,  as  the 
viojl  holy  Place,    and  the  holy  City  JerufaJem  ;    and 
our  Homilies  fay^  that  the  Church  is  called  Holy, 
not  of  it  felf,  but  becaufe  God's  People  rsforcing  thi- 
ther are  Holy^  and  exercife  themfelves  in  holy  Things ; 
and  'tis  evident  that  San£fification,  when  applied  to 
Places,  is  nothing  elfe  but  a  feparating  them  ?jo  r 
common  Ufe  to  a   religious  and  facred  ont,  wi 
may  be  done  without  the  fuperftitious  Mr   . 
mentioned;  and  tl-.ough   the  Archhiir,   ;. 
had  not  his  Form  of  Confecration  h 
Pontifical,  he  acknowltdges,  he  ^jad 
Andrews,  who  could  have  it  no  ^/hf^r^- 
To  eertfe-        As  for  confecrating  Altars,  Pauc. 
cratifjg  Al-tar-Cloths,  and  other  Altar  Furniti. re  ;  tncn 
tars  and    jg  ^^^  higher  than  the  Ronian  Miffal  and  Pontifit.u,    i, 
^ ituvT^'  ^°^^  which  there  are  particular  Chapters,    and  fee 
Piynne,    Forms  of  Prayer  for  this  Purpofe  ;  but  to  imagine 
p.  (>j,8'£.that  thefe  VefTels  may  not  be  reputed //^/y,  though 
-^67,  470- Separated  to  an  holy  Ufe,  unlefs  thus  confecrated,  is 
without  any  Foundation  in  Reafon  or  Scripture,  and 
contrary  to  the  Praftice  of  the  Church  of  England^ 
and  the  Opinion  of  our  firft  Reformers, 

Ta 


Chap.  V.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  20  j 

To  the  Archbifliop's  Account  of  Feq/ls  of  Dedi-    Rj«g 
cation  we  anfwer  as  before,  that  an  Example  out  of^^^''^*-'^  ^* 
the  Jezvijh  Law  is  no  Rule  for  the  Chriltian  Church,  'Jr^X^ 
Ezra  kept  a  Feaft  at  the  Dedication  of  the  Tem^k,  to Antiq.of 
when  it  was  rebuilt,  and  offered  a  great  many  Burnt- Feajli  of 
Offerings,  Ezra  vi.  16,  17.  but  it  was  not  made  an^''^"^'*'^<"*« 
annual  Solemnity  1  for  the  Feaji  of  Dedication  men-  ^^^^^* 
iioned  John  X.  22.   was  not  of  the  Dedication  of  the 
Temple,  but  of  the  yf//^r;,  inftituted  by  7«J^J  M^^c- 
cabaus,  to  be  kept  annually  by  the  Space  of  eight 
Days,  I  Mac.  iv.  p,6^  ^g.  which  being  of  no  divine 
Inftitution,  but  kept  only  by  the  fuperftitious  Jews^ 
not  by  Chrift  or  his  Apoftles  (who  are  only  faid  to 
be  at  Jerufakm  at  that  Timej  can  be  no  Precedent  for 
our  modern  Confecrations. 

Pope  Felix  and  Gregory  are  the  firft  that  decreed 
the  annual  Obfervation  of  the  Dedication  of  Churches 
fince  our  Saviour's  Time,  which  were  obferved  in 
England  under  the  Names  of  Wakes  or  Revels^  but 
were  the  Occafion  of  fo  much  Idlenefs  and  Debauche- 
ry, that  King  Henry  VIII.  Ann.  1536.  reftrain'd 
them  all  to  the  firll:  Sunday  in  05loher^  not  to  be  kepc 
on  any  othier  Day  •,  and  afterwards,  by  the  Statute 
5  &  6  Ed'-juard  VI.  cap.  3.  of  holy  Days,  they  were 
totally  abolifh'd.  But  thefe  Feafis  being  revived 
again,  by  degrees,  in  fundry  Places  of  this  Realm, 
and  particularly  in  Somerfetjhire,  Judge  Richardfon^ 
when  he  was  on  the  Circuit,  at  the  Requeft  of  the 
Juftices  of  the  Peace  for  the  County,  publilh'd  an 
Order  for  fupprcfling  them  ;  but  was  obliged  the 
next  Year  as  publickly  to  revoke  ir,  and  to  declare 
fuch  Recreations  to  be  lawful ;  and  as  a  further 
Punifhment  on  the  Judge,  the  Archbifhop  obtain'd 
his  Removal  from  that  Circuit.  *Tis  very  cer- 
tain, that  at  thefe  Revels  there  were  a  great  many 
Diforders  ;  as  Drunkennefs,  Quarrelling,  Fornication 
and  Murder,  *[is  therefore  very  unlikely  they  fhould 
.a^nfwer  any  good  Purpofe,  and  how  fit  they  were 
to   fucceed    the   publick    Devotions  of    the  Lord's 

Day, 


204  ry&ir  HISTORY  Vol.Iir. 

K^ng    Day,    we  fhall  leave  to  your  Lordfhips  Confide- 

Charles  I  ration. 

1644, 

Antiq,  of      (3-)  The  Managers  charged  the  Archbifliop  further, 
jltars,      *'  with  giving  Orders  to  Sir  Naib.  Brent,  his  Vicar- 
ibeirsitu-ii  General,  to  enjoin  the  Church- Wardens  of  all  Pa- 
iRMlin"^  "  "^  Churches  within  his  Diocefe,  that  they  Jhould 
iUmin.    *'  remove  'the  Communion  Table  from    the  Middle  of 
M.charge.^^  the  Chapel  to  the  upper  End,   and  place  it  in  form 
Prynne,p.?'  of  an   Altar,    cloje   to   the  Wall,    with   the  Ends 
<Jii9i3CP<r.tt  }<lorth  and  South,  and  encompafs  it  with  Rails,  ac- 
*«  cording  to  the  Model  of  Cathedrals.     They  ob- 
^'  jeded  likewife  to  his  furnifoing  the  Altar  in  his 
*'  own  Chapel,    and  the   King's  at  Whitehall,    with 
*'  Bafms,  Candleflicks,    Tapers,   and  other  Silver  Vef- 
"  fels,  not  ufed  in  his  Predecefibrs  Time  ;  and  to  the 
"  Credeniia  or  Side-Table,  in  conformity  to  the  Ro- 
'*  man  Ceremoniale,  on  which  the  Elements  were  to 
*'  be  placed  on  a  clean  Linen  Cloth  before  they  were 
*'  brought  to  the  Altar  to  be  confecrated  5  and  to 
*'  the  hanging  over  the  Altar  a  Piece  oi  Arras  with  a 
«'  large  Crucifix." 
'AlfiAfi'       The  Archbifhop  anfwered,    that  the  placing  the 
/w*r.^       Communion  Table  at  the  Eaft  End  of  the  Chancel  was 
Hift         commanded  by  Queen  fi/iz^^^^^'s  Injunflions,  which 
p.  ~io,     fayt  that  the  holy  Table  Ihall  be  fet  in  the  Place 
where  the  Altar  flood,  which  all  that  are  acquainted 
with  Antiquity  know,    was  at  the  Eafl  End  of  the 
Chancel,  with  the  Ends  North  and  South,  clofeto  the 
Wall, and  thus  they  were  ufually  placed  both  in  this  and 
other  Churches  of  Chriftendom  ;  the  Innovation  there- 
fore was  theirs  who  departed  from  the  Injundions, 
and  not  mine  who  have  kept  to  them.     Befides,  Al- 
tars, both  Name  and  Thing,  were  in  ufe  in  the  Primi- 
tive Churches  long  before  Popery  began  ;  yea,  they 
are  to  be  found  both  in  the  Old  and  New  Teftament, 
and  that  there  can  be  no  Popery  in  railing  them  in, 
I  have  proved  in  my  Speech  in  the  Star  Chamber. 
l^Iovv'evcr  I  aver,  that  I  gave  no  Orders  nor  Djredi- 

ons 


Chap. V.       of  the  VuKitA^i s;  20^ 

ons  to  Sir  Nath.  Brents  my  Vicar -General,  neither    King 
by  Letter,  nor  otherwife,  to  remove  or  rail  in  Com-^***'"'^  ^ 
munion  Tables  in  all  Parifli  Churches ;  and  I  defire  ^J^^^ 
Sir  Natb.  may  be  called  to  teftify  the  Truth  upon  hispjOj^T''^' 
Oath.     Sir  i^atb.  being  fworn,  the  Archbifhop  afkedp.89, 
him  upon  his  Oath,  Whether  he  had  ever  given  him 
fuch  Orders?  To  which  he  replied.  My  Lordsy  upon 
(be  Oo'lb  J  have  taken  ^  I  received  an  exprejs  Dire^ioft 
and  Command  from  the  Archhijhop  bimfelf  to  do  what 
I  did  of  this  kind,  otberwije  I  durfi  never  have  done  it. 
The  Archbifliop  infifling  that  he  never  gave  him  fuch 
Orders,  and  wondering  that  he  fhould  he  fo  unwor> 
thy  as  to  affirm  it  upon  Oath,  Sir  Natb.  prduced  the 
following  Letter  under  the  Archbiihop's  own  Hand, 
dired:ed  to  himfelf  at  Maidjtone. 

SIR, 
**  T  Require  you  to  command  the  Communion  Ta- 
*'  X  ^^€  ^t  Maidjlone  to  be  placed  at  the  Ead,  or 
^'  upper  End  of  the  Chancci,  and  there  railed  in, 
*'  and  that  the  Commimicants  there  come  up  o  the 
"  Rail  to  receive  the  bleffed  Sacrament ;  and  the  like 
*'  yoii  are  reqaired  to  do  in  all  Churches ,  and  in  aU  other 
*'  Places  where  you  vijit  Metro^olilically.*' 

W.  Cant. 

Toi  which  the  Archbifihop,  being  out  of  Countenance, 
made  no  other  Reply,  but  chat  he  had  forgot  it. 

As  to  the  Furoicure  upon  the  Altar,  he  added,  that 
ic  was  no  other  than  was  ufed  in  the  King's  Chapel  ac 
Whitehall  before  his  Time,  and  was  both  neceffary 
and  decent ;  as  is  llkewife  the  Credeniia  or  Side- Ta- 
ble, the  Form  of  which  he  took  from  Bilhop  Art" 
dire^^s  Model ;  and  the  Piece  of  Jrras  char  was  hung 
up  over  the  Altar  in  Paffion  Week,  he  apprehended, 
was  very  proper  for  the  Pkce  and  Occafioo,  fuch 
Reprefentations  being  approved  by  %hc  Lutherans^  and 
even  by  Calvin  himfelf,  as  had  been  already  fhown. 

Tfcc 


2o6  r/&^  M I S  T  O  R Y         Vol.  lit 

Khg        The  Managers  replied  to  the  Antiquity  of  Altars^ 
Charles  I.^h^t  though  the  Name  is  often  mentioned  in  Scripture, 
^t^y"^^  yet  'tis  never  applied  to  the  Lord's  'Table  ;  but  Altars 
ja.  Reply  to2Ln6  Priejls  are  put  in  Oppofition  to  the  Lord's  Table, 
Antiq.  of  and  Mini  Iters   of  the    New  Teftament,    i  Cor.  ix. 
4hars,and  ^^^  14.     Chrift  himfelf  celebrated  the  Sacrament  at 
fhemw.    ^  Table,  not  at  an  Altar,  and  he  calls  it  a  Supper, 
Prynne,  p.not  a  Sacrifice  ;  nor  can  it  be  pretended  by  any  Law 
480,  48i.or  Canon  of  the  Church  of  England,  that  it  is  called 
an  Altar  more  than  once,  Stat,  i  Edward  VI.  cap.  i. 
"which  Statute  was  repealed  within  three  Years,  and 
another  made,  in  which  the  Word  Altar  is  changed 
IvfeofBp.into  Table.   'Tis  evident  from  the  unanimous  Suffrage 
>Villianis.  of  moft  of  the  Fathers  that  lived  within  three  Hun- 
dred Years  after  Chrift ;  and  by  our  moft  learned 
Reformers,    that  for  above  two  Hundred  and  fifty 
Years  after  Chrift  there  were  no  Altars  in  Churches 
but  only  Lord's  Tables,  Pope  Sixtus  II.  being  the 
firft  that  introduced  them ;  and  the  Canons  of  the 
Prynne,    Popifh  Council  of  Aix,    1583.    being  the  only  ones 
8»*^**       that  can  be  produced  for  railing  them  in  *,  one  of 
■which  prefcribes  thus,    Unumquodque  Altare  fepiatur 
cmnino  fepto  ferreo^  vel  lapideo  'vel  ligneo.    Let  every 
Altar  be  encompaffed  with  a  Rail  of  Iron,  Stone  or 
Wood.     The  Text,  Heb.  xiii.  10.  IVe  have  an  Altar^ 
whereof  they  have  710  right  to  eat  ivhich  ferve  the  Taber- 
nacle, is  certainly  meant  of  Chrift  himfelf,  and  not  of 
the  Altar  of  Wood  or  Stone,  as  our  Proteftant  Writers 
have  proved  at  large  ;  agreeably  to  which  all  Altars 
in  Churches  were  commanded  to  be  taken  away  and 
removed,    as  Superftitious  and  Popifh,    by  publick 
Laws  and  Injunftions  at  the  Reformation,  and  Tables 
To  their  si' ^QYc  fec  up  in  their  ftead,  which  continued  till  the 
tuatwn.     ^rchbifiiop   was  pleas'd  to    turn'  them  asain  in:o 

Altars  an-    ai 
cievtly  rot  ^^^^rs. 

fxedtothe     But  the  Archbifhop  is  pleafed   to  maintain,    that 
Ea-p.  Wall  the  ^{een*s  Injuji5fio7is  prefcribe  the  Commumoyi  Ta'      ■.» 
*^*'^^        be  fet  in  the  Place  where  the  Alt  ir  food,  a>  ^    ' 
Prynne"  t>.'^^^  aucienih  at  the  Eaft  End  of  the  Choir  ;  \ 
482,  4S'4»  •* 


Chap.  V.       of  tbe  ?u  KIT  A  Vi  s;  ^07 

affirm,  that  he  is  not  able  to  produce  one  Precedent    King 
or  A'jrhority  in  all  Antiquity  for  this  Aflertion  •,  on^'^^'"'^^  ^' 
the  contrary,  we  are  able  to  demonftrate  to  y  ur^^f^^ 
Loiufl^iips,     that  JUr^  and   l^'d's  Tables  amongft  v"idcBjr 
Jizi's  ^ndChriJi^'.i^.,  i.^ood  anoienrly  in  the  Midft  ofwii.iam's 
their  Churches  o'  Choirs  *  ;  v/herc  the  People  mig!>t^'^'^> 
fit,  il.ind,  and  go  convenien';ly  round  1  hem.     So  it^'  *°^* 
was  certainly  in  ziiejewijh  Church,  as  t^vtry  one  al- 
lows*, and  it  was  fo  in  the  Chriftian  Cnurc h,  till  the 
very  darkeft  Times  of  Popery,  when  private  Mafles 
were    introduced.      Eufebius ,    Dionyfius    Areopagita^ 
Cbnfrft'^r.i^  Athayafiuty  Augujline,   6cc.    affirnj,    tnac 
the  Table  of   the  Lord  flood  in   the  middle  of  the 
Cbancely  fo  '^hac  they  might  compafs  it  about ;  nay, 
Durandus.  a  Popifli  Writer  informs  us,  that  when  a 
Bifliop  confecrates  a  new  Altar,  he  muft:  go  round 
about  it  feven  Times  ;    by   which  'tis  evident,    ic 
could  not  (land  againft  a  Wall ;  but  our  mod  emi- 
nent Writers  againil  Popery,  ^s  Bucer,  B\(hop  Jewels 
Bilhop  Babington^    Bilhop  Morton,    and  Archbifhop 
WilliamSy  have  proved  this  fo  evidently,  that  there 
is  no  room  to  call  it  in  queftion  ;  and  we  are  able  to 
produce  feveral  Authorities  from  venerable  5(?^,?,  Sc. 
Auftin  the  firft  Archbifhopof  Ctf«/(?r^«r)i,  and  others, 
that  they  flood  thus  in  England  in  their  Times. 

Nor  do  Queen  Elizabeth's  Injundions  in  the  leafl 
favour  the  Archbi(hop*s  Praflice,  of  fixing  the  Com- 
munion Table  to  the  Eaft  Wall  with  Rails  about  it, 
for  they  order  the  Table  to  be  removed  when  the  Sacra-- 
ment  is  to  be  dijlributed,  and  placed  in  fuch  Sort  within 
the  Chancely  as  whereby  the  Minijler  may  be  more  conve- 
niently beard  of  the  Communicants,  and  the  Communicants 
may  more  conveniently,  and  in  greater  Numbers,  commu- 

*  Cfwhr  or  Chorus  has  its  Denomination  from  the  Multitude 
fianding  round  about  the  Altar  Iw  modum  Q)ron*,1  in  the  Form  of 
a  Ring  or  Circle,  In  the  ancient  Liturgies  they  prayed  for  all 
thofe  that  ftood  round  about  the  Altar.  — —  The  Priefts  and  Dea- 
cons ftood  round  about  the  Altar  when  they  officiated,  and  fb  did 
the  Biiliop)  when  chey  confecrated  it. 

nicatc 


ao8  ne  HISTORY         Vol. lit 

King    nicate  with  him.    Now,  if  it  be  to  be  rembved  at  the 
Charles  !•  Time  of  Communion,  'tis  abfurd  to  fuppofe  it  to  be 
s^-Y^  fix*d  to  the  Wall,  and  encompafs'd  with  Rails.    Be- 
Prjrnne,  p.  fides,   the  Rubrick  of  the  Comrtion  Prayer  Book, 
467,  48irand  the  Eighty  fecond  Canon  of  1603.  appoint  the 
Communion  Table  to  be  placed  in  the  Body  of  the 
Church,  where  the  Chancel  is  too  fmall,  or  near  the 
middle  of  che  Chancel,  where 'tis  large  enough  ;  and 
thus  they  generally  ftood  in  all  Churches,  Chapels, 
and  in  Lambeth  Chapel  it  felf  till  the  Archbifhop's 
Time,  which  puts  the  Matter  6ut  of  queftron.    And 
if  it  be  remember'd,  that  the  faying  of  private  Maf- 
fes  brought  in  this  Situation  of  Altars  into  the  Church 
of  Rome,  contrary  to  all  Antiquity,  the  Archbifhop's 
imitating  them  in  this  Particular  mufl  certainly  be  a 
Popifh  Innovation. 
furniture      ^^^  Fumiture  upon  the  Altar  which  the  Archbl- 
'  fhop  pleads  for,  is  exa<5lly  copied  from  the  Roman  Pon- 
tifical and  the  Popifh  Council  of  Aix,  and  is  con- 
demned by  our  Homilies  and  Queen  Elizabeth's  In- 
junctions, which  cenfure,   condemn,  and  abolifh  a^ 
Superflitious,  Ethnical,  and  Popifh,  all  Candleflicks, 
Trendals,  Rolls  of  Wax,  and  feiting  up  of  Tapery, 
as  tending  to  Idolatry  and  Superflitidfi,  Injunb.  2, 
23,  25.    Therefore  inftead  of   conforming   to  the 
Chapel  at  Whitehall,  he  ought,  as  Dean  of  that  Cha- 
pel, to  have  reformed  it  to  our  Laws,  Homilies,  and 
Injundtions. 
Prynne,       *The  like  may  be  faid  of  the  Credentia  [or  Side-Ta- 
p.65,<}<58.|^]g-j  ^hich  is  taken  exprefly  out  of  the  Roman  Ceremo- 
mat  and  Pontifical,  and  is  ufed  amongfl  the  Papifts  on- 
ly in  their  mofl  foiemn  MafTes.     It  was  never  heard  of 
in  any  Proteflant  Church,  nor  in  the  Church  of  £«g- 
land,    till  the  Archbifhop's  Time ;    and  as  for  the 
ftale  Pretext,  of  his  having  it  from  Bilhop  Andretvs ; 
if  it  be  true,  we  are  certain  that  Bijljop  could  have  ic 
no  where  elfe  but  from  the  Roman  Mijfal. 
lb.  p.  Ci,      The  yirras  Hangings,  with  the  Pidure  of  Chrifl  aC 
his  laft  Supper,  with  a  Crucifix,  are  no  lef«  Popifh 

thait 


Chap.  V.       0/ //v  Puritans;'  209. 

than  the  former,  being  enjoin'd  by  the  Roman  Ccre^  King 
moniald,  Ed.  Par.  1633.  iib.  i.  c.  12.  p.  69,  70.  in^*^"^"  ^• 
ihefe  Words,  ^od  J\  Jltare  parieti  adbareaty  apjJicari^^,.^^^^ 
foterit  ipfi  parte  ft  fupra  Alt  are  paanus  aliquis  ceteris  nobi- 
lior  ^ Jpeciofior^  ubi  vitextce  fint  D.N.  Jeju  Chrijii  aut  glo- 
ria f(z  Firgwis,  vel  fan5iorum  Imagines.  .If  the  Altar  he 
fix^d  to  the  Wall  let  there  be  fome^  Hangings  more  .noble  and 
beautiful  than  the  reft^  fajten^d  upo?^  the  IVall  over  the  Al- 
tar^ in  which  are  "wrought  the  Images  ofChrili^  the  blejfed 
Virgin^  or  the  Saints.  Befides*  chefe  Things  being  con- 
demned by  our  Sratutt-s,  Homilies,  and  Injunt;::ions, 
as  we  have  already  proved,  otrgnc  noc  certainly  to 
have  been  introduced  by  a  Prelate,  who  chaiUnges 
all  that  is  between  Heaven  and  Hell^jufly  to  tax  him  in  an^^ 
one  Particular  favouring  of  Popfh  Superftition  or  Ido- 
latry. 


.  *'  Another  Innovation  charged  on  the  Archbifhop,^»''V«^''> 
"  was  his  introducing  divers  Sjp^rftitions  into  divine''-' ■^''^'"'^ 
V  W'Orlhip,  ;as  bowing,  to-wards^  the.  Altar ^  Ojzvijjg  at  tbj ^j.^  jj,^^^^ 
•*  Name  of  JsrSVs,  enjoining  People  to  do  Reverence  at m.  charge. 
**  their  Entrance  into  Churchy-  reading' the  fecojid  Service^tynuc^ 
"  at  the  Communion  Tabid,  finding  up  at  the  GlohiaP-""'^*^' 
**  Patri,  and  introducing  the  Ufe  of  Copes  and  Church 
*'  Mufick.    They  objefted  further,  his  repairing  old 
*'  Crucifixes,  his  new  Statutes  of  the  Univerfity  of 
*'  Oxford^  among  which,  fome  were  arbitrary,  and 
*'  others  very  fuperftitious  *,  of  the  former  Sort,  are 
"  the  impofing  new  Oaths  j    the  Statute  of  Banni- 
•*  tion ;    referring  fome  Mifdemeanors  to   arbitrary 
"  Penalties,  and  obliging  Students  to  go  to  Prifdn 
"  on  the  Yice-ChancelJor's  or  Prpdor's  pommand. 
**  Of  the  latter  Sort,  are  bowing  to  the  Altar,  fi^V^g 
"  the  Litan-^^  and  reading  Latin  Prayers  in  Lent  -,  10- 
*'  gether  with   the  above-mention'd  Superftitions  in 
"  tne  Manner  of  divine  Worfhip." 

The  Archbifhop  anfwered,  that  Bowing  in  divine ^'^/•f  -^f- 
Worfhip  was   pradifcd  among  the  Jews,  2  Chronyj^^':, 
xxix.  29.  and  the  Pfalmift  fays,    0  come,  let  us  wor-^iiCu  p. 
Vol.  III.  P  ^  A^P,-,iirJi- 


iio 


Ihe  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


^ing   pjip^  and  how  down,  let  us  kneel  before  the  Lord  our  Ma- 
Charles  1.^^^^    p^-^j^  ^^^^   ^^    ^^^^   jj.    ^^g  yj-^^j  j„  Queen  Eli- 

y^y^i^zabeth*s  Time;  and,  that  the  Knights  of  the  Garter 
were  obliged  to  this  Practice  by  the  Orders  of  their 
Chapter.  Befides,  the  Altar  is  the  chief  Place  of 
God's  Refidence  on  Earth,  for  there  it  is,  'This  is  ?»;y 
Body  ;  whereas  in  the  Pulpit  *tis  only,  Thii  is  my 
Word.  And  fhall  I  bow  to  Men  in  each  Houfe  of 
Parliament,  and  not  bow  to  God  in  his  Houfe  whi- 
ther I  come  to  worfhip  him  ?  Surely  I  muft  worfhip 
God,  and  bow  to  him,  though  neither  Altar  nor 
Communion  Table  be  in  the  Church. 
•Bowvg  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jesus  is  prefcribed  in  di- 
^yjameof  ^^^  Terms  by  Queen  Elizabeth^  Injundions*  N'^  12. 
^epis.  ^"^  ^y  ^^  ^^^^  Canon  of  our  Church  v  and  though 
ftanding  up  at  the  Gloria  Patri  is  not  prefcribed  by 
any  Canon  of  the  Church,  'tis,  neverthelefs,  of  great 
Antiquity  ;  nor  is  the  Reading  the  fccond  Service 
at  the  Communion  Table  an  Innovation,  it  being  the 
conftant  Praflice  in  Cathedrals,  and  warranted  by 
the  Rubrick. 

The  Ufe  of  Copes  is  prefcribed  by  the  24th  Canon 
of  1603.  which  fays,  That  in  all  Cathedrals y  and  Colle- 
giate ChurcheSy  the  Communion  Jhall  be  adminijier'd  vn 
j)rindpal  Feajl  DaySy  fometimes  by  the  Bifhop  if  prefenty 
fometimes  by  the  Dean,  and  fofnetimes  by  the  Canon  or 
Prebendary^  the  principal  Minifter  ufing  a  decent  Cope  v 
fo  that  here  is  no  Innovation,  any  more  than  in  the 
UfeofOfg^w,  which  our  Church  has  generally  ap- 
proved, and  made  ufe  of. 

As  to  the  Statutes  of  the  Univerfity  oi^  Oxford,  'tis 

Honour  more  than  enough  for  me,  that  I  have  finifh- 

ed  and  fettled  them  •,  nor  did  I  any  Thing  in  them 

but  by  the  Confent  of  the  Convocation  ;  and  as  to 

iU;if/>/|/o the  Particulars,  there  is  nothing  but  what  is  agree- 

Eoiving  /t^able  to  their  Charters,  and  the  ancient  Cuftom  and 

th  Altar.  Ufage  of  the  Univerfity. 

^'^y""^'        The  Managers  replied,  that  Bowing  to  t^je  Altar  fs 
4-d'^'47-  Popidi,.  Superftitiops,  and  Idolatrous,  being  prefcri- 


of  Copes. 


Laud's 

p.  304. 


/iS^, 


bed 


Chap.  V.       of  ^ie  PuiLiTAvs:  211 

bed  only  by  Popifh  Canons,  and  introduced  on  PuT-  King 
pofe  to  fupport  the  Doclrine  of  Tranrubftantianon,^^*'''"  ^* 
which  the  Archbifhop's  Practice  feems  very  much  ^^  i,^^>>^X^ 
countenance,  when  at  his  coming  up  to  the  Altar  to 
confecrate  the  Bread,  he  makes  three  low  Bows,  and 
at  his  going  away  three  more,  giving  this  Reafon  for 
it,  ^ia  hoc  eji  corpus  meum^  becaufe,  This  is  m^  Body  \ 
whereas  he  does  not  bow  to  the  Pulpit,  becaufe  a 
greater  Reverence  is  due  to  the  Body  than  to  ibeWord 
of  the  Lord.  Befides,  it  has  no  Foundation  in  Anti- 
quity, nor  has  it  been  approved  by  any  Proteilant 
Writers^  except  the  Archbifhop's  Creatures,  fuch  as 
Dr.  Heylin,  Pocklington^  &c.  but  has  been  con- 
demned by  the  belt  Writers  as  Popifh  and  Superfti- 
tious.  The  black  Book  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter 
at  fVindfor^  is  but  a  forry  Precedent  for  a  Proteftanc 
Archbifhop  to  follow,  being  nnade  in  the  darkeft 
Times  of  Popery  {viz.)  in  the  Reign  of  King  Hen- 
ry Y.  and  if  they  ho^  Deo  ^  Altari,  to  God  and  to 
his  Altar,  as  the  Archbifhop  in  his  Speech  in  the  Star 
Chamber  is  of  Opinion  Chriftians  ought  to,  do,  we 
can't  but  think  it  both  Popifh  and  IdoIattojUs.  His 
Paffages  of  Scripture  are  nothing  to  the  Purpofe,  for 
kneeling  before  the  Lord  our  Maker  has  no  relation  to 
bowing  to  the  Altar  5  nor  is  there  any  Canon  or  In- 
jundion  of  the  Church  to  fupport  the  Prad:ice. 

The  Archbifhop  confefTes,  that  there  is  neither  Ca-7b  tie 
non  nor  Injundion  for  (landing  up  at  the  Gloria  Pafri.^y^^^J*^' 
which  muft  therefore  be  an  Innovation,  and  is  of  no^'J^^^  ^^ 
greater  Antiquity  than  the  OfHce  of  the  Mafs,  ioxtheKar^e 
'tis  derived  from  the  Ordo  Romanus^  as  appears  from<?/7^M. 
the  Works  of  C/ijTi'WdT,  p.  98.     And  though  Bowing  l^^y""^*    , 
at  the  Name  of  Jesus   be  mention'd  in  [he  Canons, P"'^''" 
■yet  thefe  Canons  are  not  binding,  not  being  confirm'd 
by  Parliament,    efpecially   fince  the  Homilies,    the 
Common-Prayer  Book,    the    Articles    of   Religion, 
-and  the  Book  of  Ordina'.ion,  which  arc  the  only  aur 
thentick  Rules  of  the  Church,  make  no  mention  of 
it ;  nor  was  it  ever  introduced  before  the  Time  of 

P  2  Pope 


SL12  rZ;^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

Krng  Pope  Gregory  X.  who  firft  prefer! bed  ic ;  and  from  the 
Charles  ^- CouDcWs  of  Bafil^  Sennes^  and  Augujla,  ic  was  after- 
y^-Z-^  wards  inferred  into  the  Roman  Ceremoniale-,  befides,  our 
A  D,  bed  Proteftanc  Writers  have  condemned  the  Praftice. 
1451.  Reading  the  fecond  Service  at  the  AJtar  when  there 

TeReaditig  is  no  Communion,  is  contrary  to  the  Canons  of  157 1, 
the  fecond  ^^^  1603.  contrary  to  the  Queen's  Injundions,  the 
Pn-nne*     Homilies,  and  Rubrick  in  the  Common- Praycr-Book, 
l>.  45)2.*    ^^^  was  never  praftifed  in  Parilh  Churches  till  of  late, 
though  ufed  in  fome  Cathedrals,  where  the  Rubrick 
enjoins  the  Communion  to  be  adminifter*d  every  Sun- 
day in  the  Year,  which  being  omitted,  ihe  fecond  Ser- 
'vice  at  the  Table  was  left  to  fupply  it.     The  Lord's 
Table  was  ordained  only  to  adminifter  the  Sacrament, 
but  the  Epiftle  and  Gofpel,  which  are  the  chief  Parts 
oi  the  fecond  Service,  are  appointed  to  be  read  with 
the  two  Leflbns  in  the  Reading  Pew. 
To  Copes.        As  for   Copes,    neither    the   Common-Prayer- 
lbid.p.64jgQQl^^  nor  Book  of  Ordination,  nor  Homilies  con- 
^    '^  '^'firmed  by  Parliament,  nor  Queen  Elizabeth's  Injun- 
ctions in  her  firft  Year,  make  any  mention  of  them, 
they  are  evidently  derived  from  the  Popilh  Ward- 
robe,   and  the  laft  Common-Prayer-Book  of  King 
'Edward  VI.  exprefly  prohibits  them.     The  24th  Ca- 
non of  1603.  enjoins  only  the  chief  Mini fier  to  wear  a 
Cppe  at  the  Adminiftration  of  the  Sacrament,  where- 
as the  Archbiihop  prefcribed  them  to  be  worn  by 
others  befides  the  chief  Minifter,  and  as  well  when 
the  Sacrament  was  not  adminifter'd  as  when  it  was. 
But  as  we  obferved  before,  thofe  Canons  not  being 
confirmed  by  Parliament,  expired  with  Km^Jatnes, 
and  therefore  can   be  no  Warrant  for  their  prefenc 
Ufe.  Nor  is  the  Ufe  of  Mu/jck  in  Churches,  or  Chaunt- 
Jb.  p.(!;5. 'ing  of  Prayers,  of  any  great  Antiquity,  being  firll 
A,D.  6(5(<.  introduced  by  Pope  Vitahan,  and  encouraged  only  by 

Popifh  PrelaceF. 
Tothevr/i-     And  though  the  Archbifliop  pleads,  that  the  Sta- 
Jrf'/'     '^"^^s  of  0;c;)^o/y/ are  agreeable  to  ancient  Cuftom  and 
Ufage,  we  affirm  they  contain  fundry  Innovations, 

-    ^  ncvc 


Chap.V.        o/'/>&f  Puritans.  213 

not  only  with  regard  to  the  Liberty  of  the  Subie(fl,     Kirp 
but  with  regard  to  Religion,  for  Lalin  Prayers  were^^^''^"  ^* 
formerly  laid  only  on  /^/b  JVednefdays  before  the  Ba-  ^J^^^^i, 
chelors  of  Arts,  whereas  now,  none  others  are  to  beprynne 
laid  throughout  all   Lent;    the  Statute  for  fingino-p.  478.* 
in  folemn  Proceflions  was  made  in  time  of  Popery, 
and  renewed  in  thefe  Statutes  to  keep  up  the  Pradice 
of  fuch  fuperftitious    Perambulations  ;    and  though 
the  Archbifhop  with  his  wonted  Aflurance  wonders 
what  thefe  Things  have  to  do  with  Treafon,  we  ap- 
prehend, that  if  they  appear  fo  many  Proofs  of  a  De- 
llgn  to  fubvert  the  ejlablijljed  Religion  of  the  Church  of 
England,  the-j  will  be  judged  fo  in  the  highefl  degree. 

Further  they  charged  the  Archbifhop  with  ^dvi-Bookof 
fing  the  King  *'  to  publijh  his  Declaration  for  the  Ufe  of^P"^^^- 
»•'  Sports  on  the  Lord's  Day,  in  order  to  fupprefs  After- ^•^^''/^'• 
"  noon  Sermons;  with  obliging  the  Clergy  of  his  p.  j""*^' 
*-^  Diocefc  to  read  it  in  their  Pulpits,  and  punifhingiy6, 
<«  thofe  that  refufed."  S^*- 

The  Archbifhop  anfwered,  that  he  had  the  King's ^^/''/ ^;»- 
Warrant  for  printing  the  Book  of  Sports  \  that  there  is/^'^'"-, 
no  Proof  that  it  was  by  his  Procurement,  nor  thaticL^a^^ 
was  done  on   purpofe   to  take  away  Afternoon  '^Vr-,^,'?' 
mom,    fincc  thefe  Recreations  are  not  allowed   till 
they  are  over  ;  befides,  the  Declaration  allows  only 
lawful  Recreations,  which  is  no  more  than  is  prafti- 
fed  at  Geneva,  though  for  his  own  Part  he  always  oh^ 
jer-ved [tri5ily  the  Lord's  Day.     What  he  enjoin'd  about 
the  Reading  the  Declaration  was  by  his   Majelfy's 
ConKTiand,  and  he  did  not  punilh  above  three  or  four 
for  not  reading  it. 

The  Commons  replied,  that  it  was  evident   by  xhtAUvagtrs 
Archbifhop's  Letter  to  the  Bifhop  ot  Bath  and  Wells,  ^^Pb^ 
Xhzi  i\\t  Declaration  Vi2i%  printed  by  his  Procurement,^ '^""^* 
the  Warrant  for  printing  it  being  written  all  with  his^ 
own  Hand,  and  without  Date,  and  therefore  might 
probably  be  obtain'd  afterwards  ;    moreover,  fome 
of  thp  Recreatipns  meqtion'd  in  it  are  unlaivful  on  the 
.  P  3  L-ord's 


2J4  r.^^  HISTORY  VolIII. 

Kir.g     Lord's  Day,   according  to  the  Opinion  of  Fathers, 
Charles  ^-Coufidls,  and  Imperial  Laws  ;  and  though  Calvin  dif- 
i,J^^X^  fers  from  our  Proteftant  Writers  about  the  Morality 
^^      of  the  Sabbath,  yet  he  exprefly  cond  mns  Dancing 
and  Paftimes  on  that  Day.     As  for  his  Grace's  owi| 
ilridt  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day,  'tis  an  Aver^ 
menc  without  Truth,    for  he  far  conftantly  at  thp 
Council  Table  on  that  Day,  and  it  was  his  ordinary 
Pradice  to  go  to  Bowls  in  the  Summer  Time,  and 
life  other  Recreaiions  upon  it ;    nor  is  it  probable, 
that  the  Archbifhop  would  have  puntfhed  confcien- 
lious  Minifters  for  not  reading  the  Book  of  Spores,  if 
the  Thing  had  been  difagreeable  to  his  Practice,  efpe- 
cially  when  there  is  no  Warrant  at  all  in  the  Declara- 
tion that  Minifters  (hould  publifli  it,  or  be  punifhecj 
for  refufing  it ;  and  that  he  punifhed  no  more  was 
not  owing  to  his  Clemency,  who  gave  Command  to 
fufpend  all  that  refufed,  but  to  the  Clergy's  Compli- 
ance *,  for  fo  zealous  was  this  Archbifliop,  and  fome 
of  his  Brethren  in  this  Affair,  that  it  was  inferted  as 
an  Article  of  Enquiry  in  their  Vifitations,  Pfhether 
ihe  King's  Declaration  for  Sports  has  been  read  and  pub- 
lifhed  by  the  Minijier  ?    And  Defaulters  were  to  be 
prefented  upon  Oath.     Now  we  appeal  to  the  whole 
Chriftian  World,  Whether  ever  it  has  been  known, 
that  any  who  have  been  called  Fathers  of  the  Church, 
have  taken  fo  much  Pains  to  have  the  Lord's  Day 
prophaned,  as  firft  to  advife  the  King  to  publifh  a 
Declaration  to  warrant  it,    then  to  enjoin  the  Clergy 
to  read  it  in  their  Pulpits,  and  to  fufpend,  fequefter 
and  deprive,  all  whofe  Confcienccs  would  not  allow 
them  to  comply,  and  this  not  only  contrary  to  the 
Laws  of  God,   but  to  ihe  Laws  of  the  Land. 


jitmaus. 


The  Reader  will,  no  doubt,  remark  upon  this  part 
of  the  Arc'n!ifhop's  Trial,  that  thofe  Rites  and  Cere- 
monies which  have  bred  fuch  ill  Blood,  and  been 
contended  for  with  fo  much  Fiercenefs,  as  to  difturb 
the  Peace  of  the  Church,    and  divide  its  Commu- 


nion 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Vv  Ri  TANS.  2 15 

nion,  have  no  Foundation  in  Scripture,  or  primitive    Kivg 
Antiquity,  but  had  their  Rife  for  the  moft  part,  in^*^*""^"  ^• 
thedarkcft  and  moft  corrupt  Times  of  the  Papacy.  ^^^.Jj^^ 
I  fpeak  not  here  of  thofe  Rites  that  are  eftablifhed  by 
Law,  as  the  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  and  kneeling  at  the  Com" 
mioiion,  &c.  becaufe  the  Commons  could  not  charge 
thefe  upon  the  Archbifhop  as  criminal.     But  it  will 
be  obfervcd  further,  that  when  Men  claim  a  Right 
to  invent  Ceremonies  for  Decency  of  Worftiip,  and 
impofe  them  upon  the  People,  there  is  no  know- 
ing where  to  flop.     Archbifhop  Laud  would ,    no 
doubt,  by  Degrees,  have  introduced  all  the  Follies 
of  the  Roman  Church  ;  and  indeed,  if  we  admit  oi  an 
Authority  to  impofeRites and  Ceremoniesnot  mention- 
ed in  Scripture,  'tis  not  eafy  to  give  a  Reafon  why 
fifty  may  not  be  enjoined  as  well  as  five. 

The  Managers  went  on  next  to  xht  fecond  Branch  TDoBrhal 
ef  their  Charge,    to  prove  the  Archbifl-Jop*s  Defign^*"*"'"' 
to  fubvert   the   Proteftant  Religion,    Bv   Counte- 
nancing  AND    Encouraging   sundry    Doctri- 
nal Errors  in  Favour  of  Arminianism  and 
Popery. 

And  here  they  charged  him,  Firjl,  "  With  being  Armini- 
**  the  great  Patron  of  that  Part  of  the  Clergy  who'"^'^* 
**  had  declared  themfelves  in  favour  of  thefe  Errors,  ' 
'*  and  with  procuring  their  Advancement  to  the 
«*  higheft  Stations  in  the  Church,  even  though  they 
*'  were  under  Cenfure  of  Parliament,  as  Dr.  Man- 
*'  waring,  Montague,  &c.  They  averr*d,  that  the 
*'  beft  PrefermenLs  in  his  Majefty's  Gift,  ever  fince 
*•  the  Archbifhop's  Adminiftration  in  1627.  had,  by 
"  his  Advice,  been  beftow'd  on  Perfons  of  the  fame 
"  Principles;  and  that  he  had  advifed  the  King  to 
"  publifh  a  Declaration,  prohibiting  the  Clergy  to 
"  preach  on  ih^five  controverted  Points,  by  vinue  of 
'*  which  the  Mouchs  of  the  Orthodox  Preachers  were 
"  ftopt,  and  fome  that  yentur*d  to  tranl'grcfs  the 
"  King's    Declaration  were   punifhed  in  the  High 

P  4  ♦*  Com- 


2 16  r.6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y        Vol. IIL 

Kit^g    "  Commiflion,  when  their  Adverfaries  were  left  at 
Charles  I. «  j^^gg   ^Q   fpread   their   Opinions   at  their  Plea- 

Jhp's  An-      The  Archbifhop  anfwered,  that  he  had  not  de- 
/wm       fended  any  Points  of  Armmamjm^  though  he  hearti- 
Laiid's     Jy  vviflied,  for  the  Peace  of  Chriftendom,  that  thefe 
\*^,^     Differences  were  not  purfued  with   fuch  Heat  and 
I'rynncV  Anlmofity.    He  confeffed,    that  he  had  been  taxed 
p.  ^1%     in  a  Declaration  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  as  a  Fa- 
vourer of  Arminians^  but  without  Proof,  and  he  took 
it  as  a  very  great  Slander,    Nor  had  he,  to  the  beft 
of  his  Remembrance,  advanced  any  fuch  to  Eccle- 
fiaftical  Livings ;  if  they  proved  fo  afterwards  it  was 
more  than  he  could  forcfee  -,  but  he  had  preferr*d  di- 
vers orthodox  Minifters,  againft  whom  there  was  no 
Exception.     He  denied  that  he  had  any  hand  in  the 
Preferment  of  Dr.  Manwaring    or  Montague^    who 
were  under  Cenfure  of  Parliament,  nor  is  the  'Pocket 
Book  a  fufKcient  Proof  of  it ;  he  was  of  Opinion,  that 
'Neale,  Lindfe'^y   JVren^    Bancroft,    Curie,    and  others 
mentioned  in  the  Charge,    were  worthy  Men,   and 
'every  way  qualified  for  their  Preferments,  though  it 
does  not  appear  he  had  any  hand  in  beflowing  them. 
i'Vynne,    As  for  the  King's  Declaration,  prohibiting  the  Cler- 
p.  50S.     gy  jQ  preach  on  ihcfive  Points,  it  was  his  Majefty's 
own,  and  not  his  }  and  fince  the  publifhing  of  it,  he 
had  endeavour'd  to  carry  it  with  an  equal  hand,  and 
to  punifh  the  Tranfgrefforsdf  it  on  one  fide  as  well  as 
the  ether.  ' 

Managers  The'  Commons  replied,  that  they  wonder'd  at  the 
Pr  nrie  ^rchbifliop's  Affurance  in  denying  his  Endeavours  to 
p.  ^J9.'  pi'omote  Armimamfm  in  the  Church  •,  that  the  Re- 
,   :  monftrance  of  the  Commons  was  a  fufRcient  Evidence 

of  his  Guilt,  being  comfirm'd  by  many  Proofs,  tho* 
his  Anfwer  to  it  was  full  of  Bitternefs  and  Sawcinefs, 
as  throwing  Scandal  on  the  whole  Reprefentative  Bo- 
dy of  the  Nation. 

As  to  the  Particulars,  they  fay,  that  his  preferring 
Mr.  Bownham  and  T^a-jlor,  orthodox  Men,  to  fom'e 
'  ■  Bese- 


Chap.V.       of  the  Pxjritaur]  217 

Benefices,  was  buc  a  Blind  to  cover  his  advancing  fo    Khg 
many  popifhly  aft'edled  Clergymen.     'Tis  known  toCharlei  L 
ftll  the  World  that  Mofjtague  and  Manwaring  were    *^^+' 
his  Creatures -,  the  Pocket  Book  fays,  that  hjs  Ma- ^'^'^''^ 
jefty's  Royal  Affent  to  their  Preferment  wasfignified 
by  Order  of  this  Prelate,  when  only  Bi(hop  of  Lon- 
don,   and  himfelf  was  the   Perfon  that   confecratcd 
them.    It  would  be  too  long  to  go  into  Particulars, 
but  every  body  knows,  that  the  Difpofal  of  all,  or 
moft  of  the  Bifhopricks,  Deanrics,  and  mpft  confi- 
derable  Benefices  fince  the  Year  1627,  have  been  un- 
der the  Direflion  of  this  Airchbifhop  j  and  what  Sort 
of  Perfons  have  been  preferred,  is  apparent  to  all 
Men,    by  the   prefent  diftradled  ^Condition  of  the 
Church  and  Univerfities." 

The  King's  Declaration  for  prohibiting  ^Ttzchxn^Vreai^ing 
on  the  five  controverted  Points,  was  an  Artifice  of"". '^'^/f* 
the  Archbifhop's,  to  introduce  the  Arminian  Errors,  p^^'"^' 
by  preventing  ort-hodox  Minifters  from  awakeningp.  jy^* 
the  Minds  of  People  againft  them.     And  whereas  hcju. 
avers,  that  he  has  carried  it  with  an  even  Hand,  and 
could  bring  Witnefles  from  Oxford  to  prove  ir,  we 
challenge  him  to  name  one  Scholar  or  Miniftcr  that: 
was  ever  imprifon'd,  deprived,  filenced,  profecuted 
in  the  High  Commiflion,  or  call  out  of  Favour  on 
this  Account ;    there  was  indeed  one  Raimford,    an 
Arminian^  who  in  the  Year  1632.  was  obliged  pub- 
lickly  to  confefs  his  Error,  in  difobeying  his  Majefty*s 
Declaration,  but  that  was  all  his  Punijfhment ;  where- 
as great  Numbers  of  the  other  fide  have  been  perfe- 
cuted,  fo  as  to  be  forced  to  abapdon  their  Native 
Country,  at  a  Time  when  the  moft  notorious  and  de- 
clared Arminians  were  advanced  to  the  beft  Prefer- 
menrs  in  the  Church,  as  Montague  made  a  Bifhop, 
Harfnet  an  Archbifhop,  Lindfey  promoted  to  two  Bi- 
fhopricks ;    Potter  co    a  Dcanry,    and    Duppa  to  a 
Dcanry  and  a  Bifhoprick,  and  made  Tutor  to  the 
Prince,  i^c. 

Tbe 


2  i  8  neHlSfO  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

I  King        The  Managers  objeded  further  to  the  Archbifhop, 

f        Charles  I. «  ^ ^^^  having  obtained  the  fole  Licenfing  of  the 
^^J^^tu  "  Prefs,    by    a   Declaration  of  the  Scar  Chamber 
jhufe  of   "  Jn  the  Year  1637,  he  had  prohibited  the  reprint- 
ihe  Prefs  <^  jog    fund'ry    orthodox    Books    formerly    print- 
iy  proh:bi- «  g^j^  ^nd  fold  by  Authority,   as  the  Geneva  Bible 
M^ckare"  ^^^^  NotGS,'  Giilibrand*s   Protejiant  Almanack,    in 
p/ynne^*  "  which  the  Popifh  Saints  were  Jefc  out  of  the  Ka- 
p.  180,     *'  lendar,  and  Proteftant  Martyrs  put  in  their,  Pla- 
iSi,&c.  «<  ces ;  that  his  Chaplains  had  refufed  to  licence  the 
*'  Confeffion  of  Faith  of  the  Palatine  Churches,  Fox*s 
"  Book  of  Martyrs,    Bilhop  Jewel*^  Works^  fome 
"  part  of  Dr.  fFillet\   and  the  Hijiory  of  the  Gun- 
**  Powder-Treafon,  as  was  attefted  by  the  Clerks  of 
*'  Stationers  Hall,  and  this  Reafon  given  for  the  Re- 
'*  fufal,  That  we  were  not  now  fo  angry  with  the 
**  Papifts  as  formerly,  and  therefore  it  was  not  pro- 
"  per  to  exafperate  them,  there  being  a  Defign  on 
•Bycaflya-  "foot  to  win  them  with  Mildnefs.     That  the  Arch- 
tingthem  tc  bif^op  had  fupprefs'd  fundry  new  Books  written 
*'  againfl:  Arminianifm  and  Popery ^  and  had  caftrated 
"  others,  expunging  fuch  PalTages  as  rericditrd  upon 
"  the  Superftition  and  Idolatry  of  that  Cnurch  ;" 
a  large  Caualogue  of  which  the  Commons  produced  ; 
many  Authors  appeared  in  Maintenance  of  this  part  of 
Prynr.?,    the  Charge,  and  among  others,  Vr.featly^  Dr.  Clarke^ 
V' -57i     D:.  Jones,  Mr.  J^ard,  &c.     It  was  faid  in  particular, 
i^S,  &:c.  4,  j|,^j  j^g  l^^j  expunged  divers  PafTages  which  bore 
«'  hard  upon  the  Papifts  out  of  the  Colledion  of  pub- 
*'  lick  Prayers  for  a  general  Faft  againft  the  Plague  ; 
*'  and  that  in  the  Prayer-Book  appointed  by  Autho- 
"  riry  for  the  5th  of  Nov.  inftead  of  Root  out  that  ba- 
♦'  bylonijh  and  antichriliian  Se5l,  whofe  Religion  is  Re- 
*•'  belliou,  whofe  Faith  is  Fa B ion,  and  whoje  Praoiice  is 
•'  murdmng  of  Soul  and  Body  ;    he  had  altered  that 
*'  PaiTage,  and  artfully  turn'd  it  againft  the  Puritans, 
**  thus.  Root  cut  the  antichrijlian  Scti  of  them,  who  turn 
'-*  Rdigion  inlo  Rebellion ^  and  Faith  into  Faclion, 

««  And 


Chflp.V.       of  tbe  Tv  KIT  A  as]  iji^ 

"  And  as  the  Archbilhop   had   caftrated    fome    Kif7g 
"  Books,    bccaufe   they  refuted    the   Dcxftrines    he^^'^"  ^' 
"  would  countenance  ;   fo  he  gave  full  Licence  to  \^^i. 
"  others,  wherein  the  grolTeft  Points  of  Arminianifm^yii^g^ 
•'  and    Popery    were  openly  averted  j     as   Cofim^sjlng  popfi 
'*  Hours  of  Prayer,  Sates*^  Introduftion  to  a  devout  ^^o^'- 
"  Life,  Cbrijl'%  Epiftle  to  a  devout  Soul,  and  others,  ^''^"^"g^' 
"  in  which  the  following  Doctrines  were  maintain'd,  ^^^^    * 
*»  (i.)  The  Neceffity  of  Auricular  Confeflion,  and 
'*  the  Power  of  Pr lefts  to  forgive  Sins.    (2.)  The 
"  Lawfulnefs  and  Benefit   of  Popiih   Penance,    as 
*'  wearing  Hair-Cloth,  and  other  corporal  Punifh- 
•'  ments.    (i.)  Abfolute  Submiflion   to  the  Com- 
"  mands   of    Pricfts    as    Directors  of   Confcience* 
'*  (4.)  That  in  the  Sacrament,   the  Body  and  Blood 
"  of  Chrift  is  a  true  and  proper  Sacrifice  -,  that  the 
*'  natural  Body  and  Blood  of  Chrift  is  really  and  fub- 
*'  ftancially  prefent  in  the  Eucharift  ;  and  that  there 
*'  can  be  no  true  Sacrament  or  Confecration  of  ic 
*'  where  there  is  no  Altar.     (5.)  That  Crucifixes, 
*'  Images  and  Pictures,  may  be  lawfully  fet  up  in 
•*  Churches,  and  ought  not  to  be  remov'd.  (6.^  That 
"  the  Pope  is  not  Antichrift.     (7.)  That  there  are 
*'  venial  Sins.     (8.)  That  there  is  a  Purgatory  or 
"  Limbus  Patrum.  (9.)  That  the  Reliques  of  Saints 
*'  are  to  be  preferved  and  reverenced.     (10.)  Than 
*'  the  Virgin  Mar'j  and  Saints  are  to  be  invoked  and 
"  prayed  to.     (11.)  That  iht  Church  oi Rome  is  the 
"  Mother  Church,  and  never  erred  in  Fundamen- 
*'  tals.     (12.)  That  there  are  written  Traditions  of 
**  equal  Authority  with   the  Word  of  God.**     To 
which   were  added  fundry  Articles  of  yfr»iww«  Do- 
ctrine,   as   of  Free-Will,    total   and  final  Apoftafy 
from  Grace  •,  Exa.mples  of  which  the  Managers  pro- 
duced from  the  feveral  Authors. 

And  as  a  further  Encouragement  to  Popery,  they  And  comi- 
objected  his  Grace*s  "  conniving  at  the  Importation  i"''^  ^* 
*'  of  Popilli  Books,   and  reftoring  them  to  the  Own-  '^''^  ]""' 
"  ers,  when  fcized   by  the  Searchers,    contrary  lo^^ynog"* 

!nhep,3^9.' 


Hift. 
p.  3  50 


±26  ne  HISTORY  Vol. Ilfj 

King    *^  the  Statute  of  3  Jacob.  I.  by  which  means  many 
Charles  I.ce  Thoufands  of  them  were  difpers'd  over  the  whole 
\J^r>J  *'  Kingdom  5    whereas  he  gave  the  ftrideft  Com- 
"^"^^^  '«  mands  to  his  Officers  to  feize  all  imported  Bibles 
**  with  Notes,  and  all  Books  againft  Arminian  and 
•*  Popifh   Innovations.     All    which   put    together, 
"  amount  to  no  lefs  than  a  Demonftration  of  the 
*'  Archbifhop*s  Defign   to  fubvert  our  eftabliflied 
"  Religion,  by  introducing  Dodrinal  Arminianifm 
*«  and  Popery." 
'4fc/)*i  An-      The  Archbifliop  anfwered,  that  the  Decree  of  the 
f^er.^       Star  Chamber  for  regulating  the  Prefs  was  the  A6t 
J;^."^'*      of  the  whole  Court,  and  not  his ;  that  the  Stationers 
themfelves  gave  him  Thanks  for  it ;  and  he  is  ftill  of 
Opinion,  that  it  was  both  a  neceffary  and  ufeful  A(5t, 
being  defign'd  to  fupprefs  fediiious,  fchifmatical,  and* 
mutinous  Books.     As  to  the  Pariiculars,  he  replied, 
that  the  Geneva  Bible  was  only  tolerated,  not  allowed 
by  Authority,  and  deferved  to  be  fupprefs'd  for  the 
marginal  Note  on  Exod.  i.  17.  which  allows  D^lbbe- 
dience  to  the  King's  Command.     Gillbraftd's  Alma- 
nack had  left  out  all  the  Saints  and  Apofllc^s,  and  put 
in  thofe  named  by  Mr.  Fox,  and  thereforr  deferved  to 
be  cenfured.     As  to  the  Book  of  Martyrs,  it  was  an 
Abridgment  of  that  Book,  I  oppofed  (fays  his  Grace^ 
leaft  the  Book  it  felf  fhould  be  brought  into  difafe, 
and  leaft  any  Thing  material  fhould  be  left  out.     But 
the  Licenfing  of  Books  was  left  in  general  to  my 
Chaplains,  for  an  Archbifhop  had  better  grind  than 
take  that  Work  into  his  own  Hands  ;  and  whereas  it 
has  been  inferr'd,  that  what  is  done  by  my  Chaplain 
muft  be  taken  as  my  Ad,    I  conceive  no  Man  can 
by    Law    be    punifhed  criminally   for   his   Servants 
Fafl,    unlefs    it    be  proved   that  he    had    a  Hand 
in  it. 

The  like  Anfwer  the  Archbifhop  gave  to  the  Ca- 
flrating  and  Licenfing  Books,  his  Cnaplains  did  it ; 
and  fince  it  was  not  proved  they  did  it  by  his  exprcfs 
Command  they  muft  anfwer  for  it.     He  admits,  that 

he 


Chap.  V.       of  tU  P  u  R  I  T  A  M  s;  21 1 

he  altered  the  Prayers  for  the  5th  of  iVo-y.  and  for  the    King 
general  Fajly  by  his  Majefty's  Command  j  and  he  is  of^^""'"  ^' 
Opinion,  the  Expreffions  were  too  harfh,  and  there- yjfj^ 
fore  ought  ro  be  changed.  '' 

He  dcnitd  that  he  ever  connived  at  the  Importation 
of  Popifli  Books ;  and  if  any  f  ich  were  reftored  to  the 
Owners,  it  was  by  Order  of  the  High  Commiffion, 
and  therefore  he  is  rot  anfwerable  for  it. 

The  Commons  replied,  that  the  Decree  for  Regu- -^^^"^e** 
laling  the  Prefs  was  procured  by  him,  with  a  Defign^^^'^"- 
to  enlarge  his  Jurifdidion  ;  and  chough  feme;  Things  ^^^^ 
in  it  mighf.  delerve  the  Thanksof  the  ^/.-z/m^r^,  they 
compla^i'd  loudly   that  Books  formerly    printed  by 
Autbority^  might  not  be  reprinted  without  a  new  Li- 
cence from  himfelt         ■     As  to  Particulars,  they  af- 
firm, that  the  Geneva  Bible  was  printed  by  Authority 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  King  James^  cum  Privilegio  1 
and  in  the  i^ihjacob.  there  was  an  Impreflion  by  the 
King's  own  Printer,  notwithftanding  the  Note  upon 
Exodus^  which  is  warranted  both  by  Fathers  and  Ca- 
nonifts.     GilUbrand's  Almanack  was  certainly  no  Of^ 
fence,  and  therefore  did  not  deferve  that  the  Author 
ihould  be  tried  before  the  High  Commiffion  •,  and  if 
the  Queen  and  the  Papifts  were  offended  at  it,  it  was 
to   be  liked  never    the  worfe   by   all   good  Prote- 
ftants.     The  Archbilhop  is  pleafed,  indeed,  to  ca(t 
the  whole  Blame  of  the  Prefs  on  his  Chaplains ;  but 
we  are  of  Opinion  (fay  the  M  inagers)  that  the  Arch- 
bifhop  is  anfwerable  for  what  his  Chaplains  do  in  this 
Cafe ;    the  Truft   of  Licenfing    Books   being   ori- 
ginally inverted    in   him,    his    Chaplains  being   iiis 
Deputies,    he  mufl   anfwer  for  them   at  his  Peril. 
When  the  Archbifhop  q^ Tork,  in  the  Regn  of  Ed- 
"iVardl.  was  queftion'd  in  Parliament  for  excommu- 
nicating two  Servants  of  the  B\(ho^  oi  Durham,  em- 
ployed in  the  King's  Service,   the  Archbilhop  threw 
the  Blame  on  his  CommifTary,  who  was  the  Perfon 
that  excommunicated  them  ;   bu"  it  was  then  refolved 
in  Parliament,  that  the  ConimilTary's  AO.  was   his 

own. 


222  r>6^  HISTORY         VoLIir. 

Kf«g    own,  and  he  was  fined  four  Thoufand  Marks  to  the 

Charles  I- King.     Now  the  Commifary  was  an  Officer  eftablifh- 

\^P^cd  by  Law  ;  but  the  Archbifnop's  Chaplains  are  not 

Officers  by  Law,  and  therefore  dare  not  licence  any 

Thing  without  his  Privity  and  Command. 

Befides,  'tis  apparent,  thefe  Books  were  caftrated 
by  the  Archbifhop's  Approbation,  for  ocherwife  he 
would  have  punilhed  the  Licencers,  Printers,  and 
Publiffiers,  as  he  always  did  when  Information  was 
given  of  any  new  Books  publifked  againft  the  late 
innovations.  His  Grace  has  forgot  his  refufing  to 
licence  the  Palatine  Confejfwn  of  Faith,  which  is  hi? 
peculiar  Happinefs,  when  he  can  make  no  Anfwer  ; 
and  it  looks  a  little  undutiful  in  him  to  caft  the  Alte- 
ration of  the  Prayers  for  JSov.  5.  on  the  King,  when 
every  body  knows  by  whom  the  King's  Confcience 
was  dircfted. 

But  whereas  the  Archbifliop  denies  his  conniving  at 
the  Importation  of  Popilh  Books,  he  does  not  io 
much  as  alledge,  that  he  ordered  fuch  Books  to  be 
feized,  as  he  ought  to  have  done  ;  he  confefTes,  that 
fuch  Books  as  were  feized,  had  been  reftored, 
•by  order  of  the  High  CommifTion,  whereas  it  had 
been  fworn  to  be  done  by  his  own  Order ;  but  if  it 
had  not,  yet  he  being  Prefident  of  that  Court  ought 
to  have  crofs'd  thofe  Orders,  that  Court  not  daring 
to  have  made  any  fuch  Reftitutions  without  his  Coil- 
fent;  fo  that  we  cannot  but  be  of  Opinion,  that  the 
whole  of  this  Charge,  which  fhows  a  manifeft  Par- 
tiality on  the  fide  of  Armimanifm  and  Popery^  and  the 
ftrongeft  and  moft  artificial  Attempts  to  propagate 
thefe  Errors  in  the  Nation,  fVill  remains  in  its  full 
Strength. 

Trofecuthg  The  Managers  went  on  to  charge  the  Archbifliop 
^"'"11'^"''  with  his  "  fevere  Profecution  of  thofe  Clergymen  who 
Prynne*^^  *'  ^^^  dared  to  preach  againft  the  dangerous  Increalc 
p.  561/  "  of  Jrmini an jjh  2in(i  Popery^  or  the  late  Innovati- 
5<5z,  &c.   c<  ons ;  they  inftanced  in  Mr,  Chancy,  Mr.  IForkmafiy 

*'  Mr. 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Vvi^iTAV  s."  553 

*'  Mr.  Vavenporty  and  others  i  fomeof  whom  were    K'm^, 
•*  punifhed  in  the  High  Commifllon  for  not  Railing ^f^^J^s  ^ 
«'  in    the  Communion  Table,    and    for    breaching  ^^4^ 
*'  againft  Images  ;  and  when  Mr.  Davenport  fled  to^*^ 
«i  ]^ew  England,  to  avoid  the  Storm,  the  Archbifhop 
*'  faid,  His  Arm  JJjould  reach  him  Uoere,     They  ob- 
"  jefted  further,  his  fupprejjing  Afternoon  Sermons  on 
'*  the  Lord's  Day,  and  the  laudable  Defign  of  buying 
««  in  Impropriations,    which   was  defigned-for  the 
*'  encouraging  fuch  Ledlurers."       .  »   ^'i:  0  .. 

The  Archbifhop  anfwered,  that  the  Cen  fa  res  paft^Jp'j  An- 
on the  Minifters  abovementioned  was  the  Ad  of  the/^""-^ 
.High  Commifllon,  and  not   hiss  but  he  confefles, [;*"'** 
their  Sentences  appeared  to  him  jufl:  and  reafonable, ,,,'  ?'g^ 
:in  as  much  as  the  Pafl^ages  that  occafioncd  them 
-were  againft  the  laudable  Ceremonies  of  the  Church, 
againft  the  King's  Declaration,  tending  to  infufe  into 
the  Minds  of  People  groundlefs  Fears  and  Jealoufies 
of  Popery,  and  to  caft  Afperfions  on  the  -Governors 
of  the  Church  ;  that  therefore  if  he  did  fay,  his  Arm 
Jhould  reach  Mr.  Davenport  in  New  EngJand,  he  fees 
no  harm  in  it,  for  there  is  no  Reafon  that  the  Plan- 
tations fhouki  fecure  OflPenders  againft  the.  Church  of 
England  from  the  Edge  of  the  Law  i  and  he' meddled 
with  none  but  fuch  as   yvtic  ■  Puritanical,    Fa^iousy 
Scbifmaticai,  and  Enemies  to  the  good  Orders  of  the 
Church. 

As  to  the  Supprtjjhig  Afternoon  Sermons,  the  Inftru-Prynne, 
ftions  for  turning  them  into  catechizing ■:was  before?-  3^^* 
his  Time,  and  he  could  not  but  approve  of  the  De- 
fign, as  a  proper  Expedient  for  preferving  Peace  be- 
tween Minifters  and  People,  the  Ledurers  being  for 
the  moft  part  fa(flious,  and  the  Occaflon  of  great 
Contentions  in  the  Pariflies  where  they  preached. 

He  confefled,    that  he  overthrew  the  Dcfign  of 

buying  up  Impropriations,  and  thanked  God  he  had 

.  deftroyed  it,  becaufe  he  conceived  it  a  Plot  againft 

the  Church,  for  if  it  had  fucceeded  more  Clergymen 

would  have  depeoded  on  thefe  Feoffees  than  upon  rhe 

King, 


2«4  T/&^  HISTORY         Vol.IIT. 

King    King,  ana  oh  all  the  Peers  and  Bifliops  of  the  King- 
Charks  1.  ^Jqj^  befide  *,  but  he  proceeded  againft  them  accord- 
^J,^Ji^  ing  to  Law,  and  if  the  Sentence  was  not  juft  it  muft 
it.  Reply,  be  the  7«<%?j  faiilt,  and  not  his; 
Prynne,        The  Commons  replied,  that  it  was  notorious  to  all 
PJris i^c-Mcn,  how  cruel  he  had  been  towards  all  Men  who  had 
dared  to  make  a  Stand  againft  hfs  Proceedings.  They 
put  him  in  mindof  Prynne,  Burton^  and  Bajiwick,  and 
of  great  Numbers,  whom  he  had  forced  info  Holland, 
and  into  the  Plantations  of  Americay   to  avoid  thfe 
Kuin  of  themfelves  and  Families ;  yea,  fo  implaca- 
ble was  this  Prelate,   that  he  would   neither  fufFer 
them  to  live  in  the  Land,  nor  out  of  it,  an  Embargo 
being  laid  on  all  Minifters  going  to  ISIew  England-, 
and  if  any  fuch  got  over  clandeftinely,  he  threatened 
hh  Armjhould  reach  them  there.'    In  vain  does  he  fhel- 
ter  his  fevere  Proceedings  under  the  Authority  of  the 
tourt,  for  if  this  Plea  be  admitted,  no  corrupt  Judges 
or  Counfellors  can  be  brought  to  Juftice  for  the  moft 
arbitrary  Proceedings ',  but  in  reality,  the  Aol  of  tbs 
Court  is  the  A5i  of  every  particular  Perfon  that  gives  his 
Vote  for  it,  and  every  individual  Member  is  account- 
able.   Many  Ihftances  of  this  might  be  produced  ; 
but  there  has  been  one  very  lately,  in  the  Cafe  of 
Ship-Money,    which  is  frefh  in  the  Memory  of  all 
Men;  and  we  do  aver,  that  the  Sermons  or  Book's, 
for  which  the  abovementioned  Perfons  fufFered  fo  f^- 
verely,  were  neither  fa(5lious  nor  feduious,  but  ne- 
celTary  for  thefe  Times,  wherein  the  ProrelVant  Reli- 
gion runs  fo  very  low,  and  Si^^erftition  and  Popery  is 
coming  in  like  a  Flood. 
Prynne,         As  to  the  Inftru(^ions  for  Supprejfng  Aflernmn  SeY- 
P'  ^7(^j    mons,  whenfoever  they  were  drawn  up,  'tis  evident 
5S7;  53^'he  wasthe  Man  that  put  them  in  Ex^cjnon,  and  le- 
vell'd  them  againft  thofe  confcientious  Perfons  who 
fcrupled   reading    the    Prayers  in  their  Surplice  and 
Hood^  or  taking  a  Living  with  Cure  of  Souls,  all  fuch 
Perfons,  how  Orthodox  foever  in  Dcdrine,  or  how 
Diligent  foever  in  their  Callings,  and  Pious  in  their 

Lives, 


Chap.  V.       of  f  be  Pv  JL  IT  AT^  $.  22^ 

Lives,    being    reputed   fadlious,    fchifmatical,    and    pfg 
unworthy  of  the  lead  Employment  in  the  Church.      Charles  I. 
As  to  the  JmpropriatiouSy  there  was  no  Defign  in,^L"ti^ 
the  Feoffees  to  render  the  Clergy  independent  on  thep,.ynne, 
Bifhops,    for  none  were  prefented  but  conformable  p.  -jj?. 
Men,  nor  did  any  preach   but  fuch  as  were  licenfed 
by  the  Bifhop  ;  indeed,  the  Defign  being  to  encou- 
rage the  Preaching  of  the  Word  of  God,  the  Feoffea 
vere  careful  to  employ  fuch  Pcrfons  as  would  not  be 
idle;  and  when  they  pefceiv*d  the  Archbifhop  was 
bent  on  their  Ruin,  Mr.  JVbite  went  to  his  Grace^ 
and  promifed  to  redify  any  Thing  that  was  amifs,  if 
the  Thing  it  felf  might  ftand.     But  he  was  determi- 
ned  to  deftroy  it,  and  by  his  mighty  Influence  ob- 
lain'd  a  Decree,    that  the  Money  Hiould  be  paid  in- 
to the  King's  Exchequer,  by  which  an  End  was  put 
to  one  of  the  moft  charitable  Dcfigns  for  the  Good  of 
the  Church  that  has  been  formed  ihefe  many  Years. 

The  laft   Charge  of   the   Managers,    was  "  ^'^^V""'il 
*'  Grace's  open  Attempts^to  reconcile  the  Church  of^j^^^*^^^^ 
**  England  with    the   Church  of  Roine,    as  appears, Enaiand 
"  Firji^  By  the  Papal  Titles  he  fuffered  the  Univer-c/i^ 
"  fities  to  give  him  in  their  Letters,  as  San5fitas  t^^-Romc,  dt»;< 
"  fira,  your  Holinefs  ;  SanBiJfma  Paler,  moft  holy^-^^j^g 
"   Father;  Spiritus  fanBi  effufijjime^fknus,  full  of  the  ^/^f,  ^^^ 
"  Holy  Ghoft  i  Siim?niis  Ponlifex,  optimusmaximufqnedifcQura' 
'*  in  ierris,  &c.    Agreeably    to  this  he  affumed  zo(^j^g  fo- 
*'  himfelf  the  Title  of  Patriarch,  or  Pope  of  Grear'^"^^^'" 
*'  Britain,  AUerius  Orbis  Papa  -,  which  gave  the  ^^~^^{  ctar^e 
manijls  fuch  an  Opinion  of  him,  that  they  offered  ibjd. 
him  twice  a  Cardinal's  Ha:-,    though  as  Thingsp.441. 
then  ftood,  he  did  not  think  it  prudent  to  receive 
it.     But  Sir  H.  Mi Idm ay,  and  Sir  X  Breni,  fwore, 
that 'both  at  i^ow^and  elfewhere,   he  was  reputed 
a   Papift  in  his   Heart  ;    which  Opinion  was  not 
a    little    confirm'd,    (i.)  By    his    forbid  :ing  the 
Clergy  to  pray  for  the  Converfion  of  the  Queen  to 
the    Protcftant  Faith.     (2.)    By   his   owning  the 
Vol.  III.  Q_  "  Church 


2l6 

King 

Charles  I 

i64<f. 


7he  HISTORY 


V0I.IIL 


Prynne, 


Alft  An- 
/•wer. 
Laud's 
Hift.  p. 

515,  &c. 
Prynne, 

P-  543- 
Laud's 
Hift.  p. 
41S,  419' 


Church  0^  Rome  to  be  a  true  Church  ;  by  denying 
the  Pope  to  be  Antichrift,  andwifhing  a  Recon- 
ciliation with  her ;  and  affirming,  that  ihe  never 
erred  in  Fundamentals,  no,  not  in  the  worft  of 
Times.  (30  By  his  fowing  Difcord  between  the 
Church  of  England  and  foreign  Proteftants,  not 
only  by  taking  away  the  Privileges  and  Immuni- 
ties of  the  French  and  Dutch  Churches  in  thefe  King- 
doms, but  by  denying  their  Miniflers  to  be  true 
Minifters,  and  their  Churches  true  Churches. 
(4.)  By  maintaining  an  intimate  Correfpondence 
with  the  Pope's  Nuncio  and  wich  divers  Priefts  and 
Jefuits,  conniving  at  the  Liberties  they  took  in  the 
Clink^  and  elfcwhere,  and  threatning  thofe  Pur- 
fuivants  who  were  diligent  in  apprehending  them  ; 
to  all  which  they  added,  the  Influence  the  Archbi- 
fhop  had  in  marrying  the  King  to  a  Papift,  and 
his  Concealment  of  a  late  Plot  to  reduce  thefe 
Kingdoms  to  Popery  and  Slavery." 
To  this  long  Charge  the  Archbilhopanfwered  fome 
Things  in  general,  in  fatyrical  and  provoking  Lan- 
guage :  My  Lords  (fays  he)  I  am  charged  with  an 
Endeavour  to  reconcile  the  Church  o^  England  to  the 
Church  of  i?c;«^  ;  I  (hall  recite  the  Sum  of  the  Evi- 
dence, and  of  the  Arguments  to  prove  it,  {i.)  \  have 
reduced  feveral  Perfons  from  Popery,  whom  I  have 
named  in  my  Speech ;  ergo,  I  have  endeavoured  to 
bring  in  Popery.  (2.)  I  have  made  a  Canon  againft 
Popery,  and  an  Oath  to  abjure  it ;  ergo^  I  have  en- 
deavoured to  introduce  it.  (3.)  I  have  been  twice 
offered  a  Cardinal fhip  and  refufed  it,  becaufe  I  would 
not  be  fubje(5t  to  the  Pope  ;  ergo^  I  have  endeavour- 
ed to  fubjed:  the  Church  of  England  to  him.  (z^.)  I 
writ  a  Book  againft  Popery  ;  ergo,  I  am  inclinable 
to  it.  (5.)  I  have  been  in  danger  of  my  Life  from  a 
Popifii  Plot  ;  ergo,  I  cherilhed  it,  and  endeavoured 
tp  accompliOi  it.  (6.)  I  endeavoured  to  reconcile  the 
Lutherans  and  Calvinijts  ',  ergo,  I  laboured  to  bring 
in  Popery. 

2  To 


Chap.  V.       (?/*//&<?  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s;  227 

To  the  Particulars  he  anfwered  thus,  that  what'     ^'"g 
ever  papal  Power  he  had  affumed,  he  affunied  it  not^*^"'"  ^* 
in   his  own  Right,  as  the  Popes  did,  but  from  the^^^^,,.^^ 
King.    That  the  SciJe  of  Holinejs  was  given  to  St.  An-  j-,,  his  af- 
gujline^  and  others,  and  therefore  not  peculiar  to  ihzfuming 
Pope  ;  why  then  fhould  fo  grave  a  IN^an  as  Mr.  BrownP^P"^ 
ffays  he)  difparage  his  own  Nation,  as  if  it  was  im-^' 
poflible  for  an  Engli/h  Bilhop  to  deferve  as  good  a 
Title  as  another  ?   As  for  the  other  Titles,  they  muft 
be  taken  as  Compliments  for  my  having  deferved  well 
of  the  Univerficy  ;  but  after  all,  'tis  one  Thing  to 
affume  papal  TilleSy    and  another  to  affumc  p.^pal 
Power.     As  to  the  Title  of  Patriarchy  or  Pope  of  the 
other  PForld ;  'tis  the  Title  that  AnfeUn  fays  belongs  to 
the  Archbifhops  of  Canterbury,  and  not  fo  great  an 
one  as  St.  Jerom  gave  to  St.  Augiijl'me,  when  he  wric 
to  him  with  this   Title,  Beat'ijp.mo  Pap(B  Augujiino, 
I  confefs  I  have  been  oiFered  a  Cardinal's  Hat,  but 
refufed  it,  faying,  /  could  not  accept  it  till  Rome  was 
otherwifd  than  it  now  is.     If  afcer  this,  Others  will  re- 
pute me  a  Papift  I  can't  help  it,  I  hope  I  fhall  not  be 
anfwerable    for    their  Uncharitablenefs.    Sir  Henry 
Mildmay  will  witnefs  how  much  I  am  hated  and  fpo- 
ken  againft  at  Ro?ne.     It  does  not  appear  that  I  for-  La"'^'^ 
bad  Miniflers  praying  for  the  Queen's  Converfion  ;      j 
but  wiicn  I  was  cold  the  Queen  was  pray'd  for  in  a^ 
fadlious  an.j  feditious  Manner  I  referr'd  the  Matter  to 
my   Vifitors,    and  do  acknowledge  that  Mr.  Jones 
was  puniflied  in  the  High  Commiffionon  this  Ac- 
count. 

To  the  Objedion,  of  the  Church  0^  Rome*s  being  7*^  t^^f 
a  true  Church,  I  confefs  my  felf  of  that  Opinion,  and  2''*""'^^  "t  • 
do  (till  believe,  that  /he  never  erred  in  Fundamentals, y"^  ^^^^ 
for  the  Foundations  of  the  Chriftian  Religion  are  \n  church. 
the   Articles  of  the  Creed,    and  fhe  denies  none  oflb.  p.39z. 
them  ;  and  it   would   be  fad  if  fhe   fhould,    for  'tis 
through  her  that  the  Bijhops  of  the  Church  0/ Engl  and, 
who  have  the  Honour  to  he  capable  of  deriving  their  Call- 
ing from  St.  Peter,  muft  deduce  their  Succejfion,    She  is 

0^2  there- 


228  neUlSrORY  Vol.  Ill 

•K?>^    therefore  a  true  Church,  though  not  an  orthodox  One-, 
^ar  es  l.^^j.  K.ejigJQn  and  theirs  is  one  in  Eflentials,  and  Peo- 
Na^'Y^  P^^  "^^y  ^^  faved  in  either.     It  has  not  been  proved, 
that  I  deny  the  Pope  to  be  Antichrift,  though  many 
learned  Men  have  denied  it  *,  nor  do  I  conceive  that 
our  Homilies  affirm  it  •,  and  if  they  did  I  don*c  con- 
ceive my  felf  bound  to  believe  every  Phrafe  that  is  in 
Prynne,    them.     I  confefs,  I  have  often  wilh'd  a  Reconcilia- 
p*  5  5<5.     j-Jq:^  between  the  Churches  of  England  ^nd.  Rome  in  a 
Juft  and  Chriftian  way,   and  was  in  hopes  in  due 
Time   to  effeft  it  ;    but  a   Reconciliation  without 
Truth  and  Piety  I  never  defired. 
iro  tlevn-     To  the Objedionofthe  foreign  Proteftant  Churches, 
churching  |  ^^^^  j.j^^j.  |  j^^^g  endcavoured  to  fow  Difcord  be- 
tePants^."' ^^^^^  them,  but  I  have  endeavoured  to  unite  the 
Laud's      Calvinijis  and  Lutherans ;  nor  have  I  abfolutely  un- 
Hift.        churched  them.     I  fay  indeed,  in  my  Book  againit 
P'  374-      Ft/her^  according  to  St.  Jerom,  No  Bi/Jjop,  7io  Church ;. 
rynn«^>    and  that  none  but  a  Bifhop  can  ordain,  except  in  Ca- 
fes of  inevitable  Necefilty  ;  and  whether  that|  be  tlie 
Cafe  with  the  foreign  Churches  the  World  muft  judge. 
The  Judgment  of  the  Church  of  England  is,  that 
Church  Government  by  Bifhops  is  unalterable,  for 
the  Preface  to  the  Book  of  Ordination  fays,  Thac 
from  the  Apoftles  Time  there  have  been  three  Orders 
of  Minilters  in  the  Church,    Bilhops,    Priefls,  and 
Deacons ;  now,  if  Bifhops  are  the  Apoftles  Succcf- 
fors,  and  have  continued  in  the  Church  above  fixteen 
Hundred  Years,  what  Authority  have  any  Chriftian 
States  to  deprive  them  of  that  Right  which  Chrift  has 
given  them  ?  As  to  the  French  and  Dutch  Churches  in 
this  Kingdom,  I  did  notqueftion  them  for  their  anci- 
ent Privileges,  but  for  their  new  Encroachments,  for 
Ibid.        it  was  not  the  Defign  of  the  Queen  \_EIizabeth']  to  har- 
f*  57  '     bour  them,  unlefs  they  conformed  to  the  Englifh  Li- 
turgy ;  now,  1  infifted  on  this  only  with  refpcd  to 
thole  who  were  of  the  fecond  Defcent,  and  born  in 
England  -,  and  if  all  fuch  had  been  obliged  to  go  to 
their  Parlfh  Churches  as  they  ought,  they  would  not 

have 


Chap.V.        of  tbe  FuJLiT  ANSi  229 

have  done  the  Church  of  England  fo  much  harm  as    ^'«g 
they  have  fince  done.  Charles  r. 

To  the  fourth  Objedlion  I  anfwer,  that  I  had  no^^If^^ 
iiitimate  Correfpondence  with  Priefts  or  Jefuits,  novj-oiis  Cor- 
cntertained  them  at  my  Table,  knowing  them  to  ho-refpondin^ 
filch.     I  never  put  my  Hand  to  the  Releafing  any^'^-'^"/"}^ 
Pried  out  of  Prifon,  nor  have  I  connived  at  the  Li-  J'*"'^//- 
berties  they  affumed  ;  the  Witnefles  that  pretend  to^jij, 
prove  this  are  either  mean  Perfons,  or  ftrongly  pre-p.  394, 
judiced  j  and  to  mod  of  the  Fafts  there  is  but  one 
Witnefs.     As  to  the  Nuncios  from  Rome,  it  was  not 
in  my  Power  to  hinder  their  coming,  the  King  ha- 
ving condefcended  to  ir,  at  the  earnclt  Requeft  of  thq 
Queen  ;  nor  had  I  any  particular  Intimacy  with  them 
whilil  they  were  here  ;  nor  do  I  remembtr  my  check- 
ing the  Purfuivants  in  doing  their  Duty.      But  if  ic 
could  be  fuppofed  that  I  faid,  /  will  have  notbirig  to  do 
with  any  Prieji  catching  Knaves,  I  hope  the  Words  are 
not  Treafon  •,  nor  is  it  any  Offence  not  to  be  a  Perr 
fecutor,  or  not  to  give  ill  Language  to  Jefuits  ;  and 
I  do  affirm,   that  I  never  perfecutid  any  orthodox  Mi-, 
nifters  or  Puritans,  though  I  may  h3.ve  profeculed  fome 
for  their  Schifms  and  Mifdemeanors.  ^ 

As  to  the  King's  Marrying,  'tis  not  proved  that  I 
had  any  hand  in  it,  though  I  acknowledge  the  Duk^ 
of  Buckingham  did  me  the  Honour  to  make  me  his 
Confeffor.  Nor  did  I  conceal  the  iare  Plot  to  bring 
in  Popery,  but  difcovered  it  to  the  King  as  foon  as  I 
had  [ntellig<=nce  of  it  ;  for  the  Truth  of  which  I  ap- 
peal not  only  to  my  Letters,  bJt  10  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland  here  prefent ;  who  flood  up,-  but  faid, 
He  rcmember'd  no  fuch  Thing. 

The  Commons  replied  to  the  Archbifhop's  generaH^--^'M> 
Defence,  that  he  had  been  fighting  with  his  own  Sha-   '^"'^^' 
dow,    for  they  never  objected  thofe  Things  to  him        ^' 
for  the  Purpofes  which  he  mentions  j   they  never  ob- 
jedted  his  Reducing  any  from  Popery,   but  that  many 
were  hardened  in  it  by  h.s  means.     Nor  did  they  ob- 
ject the  Canons  or  O^ch  to  prove  him  guilty  of  intro- 

9^^  d'lcing 


230  !r6^  HISTORY  VolIII. 

J^ing    ducing  Popery,  but  to  quite  different  Purpofes.    So 
^^^^'"^' that  the  Archbifhopin  thefe,  and  the  other  Particu- 
;^^,-y^  lars  abovementioned,  has  given  us  a  Specimen  of  his 
Sophiftry  and  Jefuitifm,  transforming  his  own  De- 
fence into  our  Charge  and  Evidence,  and  making  our 
Objedions  ftand  as  Proofs  of  a  Fad  which  they  were 
not  in  the  lead  intended  to  fupport. 
To  his  //-     To  the  Particulars  they  replied,  that  the  Titles  he 
/«w/r^pa-had  afTumed  were  peculiar  to  the  Papacy  ;  that  they 
^fdu"  ^^'^^  never  affumed  by  any  Proteftant  Archbifliop 
murs. '     before  himfelf  •,  nay,  that  in  the  Times  of  Popery 
there  are  hardly  any  Examples  of  ^heir  being  given  to 
Engli/h  Bifhops,  and  that  it  is  Blalphemy  to  give  the 
Title  of  Holinefs  in  the  Abflracft  to  any  but  God  him- 
felf; the  Archbifliop  therefore  ought,  in  his  Anfwers 
to  the  Letters  of  the  Univc:  fuy,  to  have  check*d 
them,  whereas  he  does  not  fo  much  as  mention  thefe 
Exorbitancies,  nor  find  the  leaft  Fault  with  them. 
And  though  there  be  a  Difference  between  papal 
Titles  and  papal  Power,  yet  certainly  his  claiming 
the  Ti[le  of  Alterius  Orhis  Papa^  Pope  of  t^e  other 
World,  is  a  Demonftration  that  he  was  grafping  at 
♦  the  lame  Power  in  Great  Britain  as  the  Pope  had  in 

Italy  ;  and  though  for  prudent  Reafons  he  refufed  the 
Piynnc,  Cardinal's  Hat  when  it  was  offer'd,  yet  when  he  had 
p.  413-  made  his  Terms,  and  accomplifhed  that  Reconcilia- 
tion between  the  two  Churches  that  he  was  contri- 
ving, no  doubi;  he  would  have  had  his  Reward.  Sir 
Henry  Mildfnay  being  fummoned,  at  the  Archbifhop's 
Requeft,  to  give  in  Evidence,  how  much  he  was  ha- 
ted and  fpoke  againft  at  Ro?ne^  fwore.  That  when  he 
was  nt  Ro?ne  feme  of  the  Jefuiiical  Fa6tion  fpoke 
againft  the  Archbifhop,  becaufe  they  apprehended 
he  aimed  at  too  great  an  Ecclefiaftical  Jurifdiftion 
for  himfelf  j  but  the  Seculars  commended  and  ap- 
plauded him,  becaufe  of  the  near  Approaches  he 
made  to  their  Church,'  and  fhewed  himfelf  favour- 
able to  their  Party.  The  like  Evidence  was  given 
by  Mr.  Challoner,  and  others. 

And 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Vv  KIT  AH  B.  231 

And  whereas  the  Archbifhop  had  faid,  that  it  was     King 
not  proved,  that  he  forbid  Minilters  to  pray  for  the^^*^^"  ^* 
Queen's  Ccnverfion,    the  Managers   produced   Mr.  v,^-^^x^ 
Hugh  Ratcliffe  of  St.  Martinis,  Ludgale,  who  fwore,  j-p  his  For- 
Thsit  Sir  Nath.  Brent  his  Vicar  General,  at  a.  V\[it^- bidding  to 
tion  at  Bozv  Churchy  gave  in  Charge  to  the  Clergy/"")' /^'^* 
in  his  hearing,  thefe  Words,  fVbereas  divers  of  ^^^j §^^4" /?o». 
in  your  Prayers  before  Sermon,    ufed  to  pray  for    ^/^^prynne, 
^een^s  Converfion^  you  are  to  do  fo  no  more,  for  the f.^^iS. 
^een  docs  not  doubt  of  her  Converfwn.     And  both  be- 
fore and  after,  the  Archbifhop  himfclf  caufed  Mr.Ib.  p.444r 
Bernard,  Mr.  Peters,   and  Mr.  Jones,   to   be  profe- 
cuted  in  the  High    Commiflion   on   this   Account. 
The  Archbifliop  having  faid,  that  he  never  put  his 
Hand  to  the  Releafing  any  Prieft  out  of  Prifon,  the 
Managers  produced  a  Warrant  under  his  own  Hand, 
dated  Jan.  31.  1633.  for  the  Rtleafc  oi  PFilliam  Wal- 
grave,  depofed  to  be  a  dangerous  feducing  Prieft,  in 
thefe  Words: 

•^  I  I  ^HESE  are  to  will  and  command  you,  to 
"  A  fist  at  full  Liberty,  the  Perlbn  of  {Villiam 
^*  Walgrave,  formerly  committed  to  your  Cuftody, 
•'  and  for  your  fo  doing  this  fliall  be  your  fufficienc 
*'  Warrant. 

W.  Cant, 
R.  Ebor, 

But  the  Archbifliop's  Memory  frequently  fail'd  him 
on  thefe  Occafions.  r.i'i 

His  Grace  confelfes  the    Church  oi  Rome   to    hzChurchof 
a  true  Church,  whereas  we  aver   her    to  be  a  faife^°"^^ "" 
and  antichriftian  One,  for  ihe  has  no  fure  Founda- J^^^j^^ 
tion,  no  true  Head,  no  Ordinances,  Sacraments  norprynne,  p. 
Worfhip,    no  true    Miniftry,    nor  Government  oiss^i^- 
Chrift's  Inftitution  ;    fhe  yields  no  true  Subjection  to 
Chrift's  Laws,  Word,  or  Spirit,  but  is  overfpread 
with  damnable  Errors  in  Doctrine,  and  Corruptions 
in  Manners  and  Worfliip,  and  is  therefore  defined  by 

Q  4  our  - 


232  neUlSrOKY         Vol.  III. 

^'^S    our  Homilies  to  be  a  faife  Church.     Muft  fhe  not  err 
Charles  L-^^  Fundamentals,  when  fhe  affirms  the  Church  to  be 
y^tt^  built  on  Peler,    not  upon  Chrift,    and  refolves  our 
Faith  into  the  Church,  and  not  into  the  Scriptures? 
When  jfhe  deifies  the  Virgin  Mary ^  and  other  Saints, 
by  giving  them  divine  Worfhip,    and  obliges  us  to 
adore   the   confecrated  Bread  in  the  Sacrament  as 
the  very  Body  and  Blood  of  Chrift  ;  when  fhe  de- 
nies the  Cup  to  the  Laity,  obliges  People  to  pray  in 
an  unknown  Tongue,  and  fets  lip  a  new  Head  of  the 
Church  inftead  of  Chrift,  with  the  Keys  of  the  King- 
dom of  Heaven  at  his  Girdle  ?  What  are  thefe,  but 
fundamental  Errors,  which  nullify  the  Church  that 
maintains  them  ?  The  Religion  of  the  Church  of  Ro?ne 
and  ours  is  not  one  and  the  fame,  for  theirs  is  no 
Chriftian  Religion,  but  a  Heap  of  Superftition  and 
Idolatry  •,  and  his  affirming  Salvation  may   be  had 
in  that  Church,  is  contrary  to  the  Opinion  of  our  beft 
Proteftant  Writers,  who  make  her  damnable  Errors 
the  Foundation  of  our  Separation  from  her.     And 
though  the  Archbifhop  makes  light  of  his  not  belie- 
ving the  Pope  to  be  Antichrift^  we  do  aver,  that  our 
Statutes  and  Homilies  do  either  in  diredt  or  equiva- 
lent Expreffions  define  him  to  be  Jntichriji,  and  par- 
ticularly in  the  Subfidy'Ad,  3  7^<r.  penn'd  by  the 
Convocation. 
To  his  Re-    g,jj.  ^^^  ^j^y  Thing  more    fully  demonftrate  the 
tTeCh^rch-^^^^^^^^p'^  Defign  to  reconcile  the  Church  of  Eng- 
«/Eno-    iand  with  Rome  th3.n  his  own  Confeffion  ?  He  fays, 
land  to     he  has  laboured  this  Matter  with  a  faithful  and  fingle 
Some,      Heart,  Rej)ly  to  Fi/her^  P-  388.    though   not  to   the 
Prejudice  of  Truth  and  Piety.     But  it  muft  be  obfer- 
ved,  that  the  i^rchbiffiop's  Defign  was  not  to  bring 
over  the  Church  of  Rome  to  us,   but  to  carry  us  over 
to  them  ;  and  what  large  Advances  he  has  made  that 
way  appears,    by  his  fett-ng  up  Altars,  Crucifixes, 
Images,  and  other  Innovations.     What  Advance  has 
the  Church  of  Rome  made  towards  us  ?    Why  none  at 
alii  nor  is  ic  poffible  (lie  fhould,  till  fhe  lays  afide 

her 


Chap. V.       c/'/^^  Puritans!  233 

her  Infallibility.     The   Pretence,  therefore,  of  the    Khg 
Church  of /^oM^'s  meeting  us  halfway,  was  a  meer^^j^^^*  J« 
Blimi  to  deceive  the  People  of  England,  till  he  had  ,Jm^^ 
carried  them  wholly  over  into  her  Territories. 

The  Archbifhop  has  denied  his  Endeavours   ioTobisvn- 
fow  Difcord  among  foreign  Proteftants,  and  aflertedS.^"^' J"'^ 
his  Endeavours  to  reconcile  the  Lutherans  and  Cahi-protefiants 
niJlSi   though  he  has  produced  no  Evidence  of  it  i 
but  his  late  Behaviour  towards  the  Scots,  on  the  Ac* 
count  of  their  having  no  Bifhops,  and  to  the  foreign 
Settlements  among  our  felves,  is  a  fufficient  Proof  of 
the  contrary.     The  Maxim  that  he  cites  from  St.  J^-Prynne, 
rom.  No  Bijhop,  no  Church,  is  a  plain  perverting  ofP-  54^' 
his  Senfe,  for  his  Words  are,  Ubi  non  efl  facer dos,  non 
eft  ecckfia  -,    but  *tis  well  known,  that  according  to 
St.  Jerom,  Bifhops  and  Prefbyters  are  one  and  the 
fame  in  Jurifdicftion  and  Office,  and  Prefbyters  have 
the   Power  of  Ordination   as  well  as  Bifhops ;  and 
therefore  this  is  a  Condufion  of   the  Archbifhop*s 
framing,  which  if  it  be  true,  mufb  neceilariiy  Un- 
church all  the  foreign  reformed  Churches,  and  ren- 
der all   the  Ordinations  of   thpir  Minifters  invalid, 
which   is  a   fufficient   Evidence  of  his  Enmity  to 
them. 

As  to  the  French  and  Dutch  Churches,  who  were 
fettled  by  Charter  in  the  Reign  of  King  Edward  VI. 
Mr.  Bulteers  Book,  of  the  manifold  Troubles  of  thofe 
Churches  by  this  Archbiffiop's  Profecutions,  evi- 
dently proves,  that  he  invaded  and  diminiflied  their 
ancient  Immunities  and  Privileges  in  all  Parts  ;  and 
that  he  was  fo  far  from  being  their  Friend,  that  they 
accounted  him  their  greateft  Enemy. 

To  the  fourth  Objedtion,  relating  to  the  Archbi-^"^'' 
ffiop's  Correfpondence  with  Popifh  Priefts,  we  reply /f.^"*2% 
that  the  Archbiffiop's  Intimacy  with  S'lr'Toby  Mathew^priejls? 
the  molt  active  Jefuic  in  the  Kingdom,   has  been  fully  Prynne, 
proved;    that    he    was   fometimes  with   him  in    hisP'448. 
Barge,  fometimes  in  his  Coach,  fometimes  in  private '^^*^'  ^59» 
with  him  in  hisQarden,  and  frequently  at  his  Table.  ^ 

■   ThQ 


234  r^^  HISTORY         Vol.  Ill, 

King     The  like  has  been  proved  of  San ^a  Clara,  St.  Giles 
Charles  ^-L^ander,  Smithy  and  Price,  and  we  can't  but  wonder 
^^^^  at  his  denying  that  he  knew  them  to   be   Priefts, 
when  the  Evidente  of  his  Knowledge  of  fome  of 
them  has  been  produced  under  his  own  Hand ;  and 
the  \Vitneffes  for  the  others  were  no  meaner  Perfons 
than  the  Lords  of  the  Council,  and  the  High  Com- 
miffioners,  (amongft  which  was  himfelf )  employed 
to  apprehehd  Priefts  and  Delinquents  ;  from  whence 
we  conclude,  that  all  the  Archbifliop's  Predeceffors 
iince  the  Reformation  had  not  half  the  Intimacy 
with  Popifh  Priefts  and  Jefuits  as  himfelf,  and  his 
harbouring  fome  of  them  that  were  native  Englijb 
Men,  is  within  the  Statutes  of  23  Eliz.  cap.  i.  and 
27  Eliz.  cap.  2.     'Tis  very  certain,  that  the  Liberty 
the  Jefuits  have  enjoyed  in  Prifon,  and  elfewhere, 
was  owing  to  his  Connivance  ;  and  though  the  Arch- 
bifhop  is  fo  happy  as  not  to  remember  his  checking 
the  Officers  for  their  Diligence  in  apprehending  Po- 
pifh Priefts,    yet  his  Diftinc^tion  between  nut  per/ecu- 
ting    Papifts,    and  profecuting  Puritans,     befides  the 
Prynne,  p.  Quibble,  is  an  unanfwerable  Argument  of  his  AfFefti- 
458,  44^.  on  to  the  one  beyond  the  other. 
And  Dif-       The  Managers  produced  fix  or  eight  Witneftes  to. 
^^^'"'^"'^""prove  the  Archbiftiop*s  Difcountenancing,  and  ihrea- 
PrffecJtmS^^^^^  fuch  as  Were  aftive  in  apprehending  Pnefts 
Prynne,    and  Jefuits.     And  though  he  would  wafli   his  Hands 
p.  446.     of  the  Affair  of  the  Pope's  Nuncio,  refiding  here  in. 
Charafler,  and  holding  an  intimate  Corrf^fpondence 
with  the  Court,  becaufe  himfelf  did  not  appear  in  it, 
yet  'cis  evident,  that  Secretary  Windehank,  who  was  the 
Archbifhop's  Creature  and  Confident,  held  an  avow- 
ed Correfpoadcnce  with  them.     If  he  had  no  Con- 
cern in  this  Affair,  fhould  he  not,  out  of  regard  to 
the   Proteftant    Religion,    and  Church  of  England, 
even  to  the  Hazard  of  his  j^rchbifhoprick,  have  made 
ibme  open  Proteftation,when  Grcgorio  Panzani  refided 
here  in   Charafler  two  Years ;  Gregorio  Con  a  Scot, 
for  three  Years  and  two  Months  j    and  laft  of  all. 

Count 


Chap.  V.       of  tbc  Tu  KIT  AK  si  235 

Count  Rofetti,  till  driven  away  by  the  prefent  Par-    King 
liament.  <^^=^'"  I- 

It  has  been  fuificiently  proved,  that  the  Archbi-  vj^lj^ 
fhop  was  concern'd  in  the  Spanijb  and  French  Matches,  ''^ 
and  in  the  Inftrudions  given  to  the  Prince  at  his  go- 
ing to  Spain^  to  fatisfy  the  Pope's  Nuncio  about 
King  James's  having  declared  the  Pope  to  be  ^fiii- 
chrijt  i  for  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  was  the  Prince's 
Dired-or,  and  himfelf  acknowledged  that  he  was  the 
Duke's  Confeffor. 

And  as  to  the  late  Plots  of  Hahernfield  we  hzvtTolis  Con- 
own'd  in  our  Evidences,  that  at  firft  he  difcovcr*d  itf!'^?'"^  - 
to  the  King,  becaufe  he  imagined  it  to  be  a  Plot  ofg^^jj^p}^^^ 
the  Puritans^  but  when  he  found  the  Parties  engaged Prynnc, 
in   it   to  be  Papifts,  and  among  others.   Secretary  p  sd^jSP^?. 
JVmdehank  and  Sir  Toby  Mathew,  his  own  Creatures, 
he  then  concealed  his  Papers,  call'd  it  a  fham  Plot, 
and  Brow-beat  the  Informers,  v/hereas  he  ought  at 
leafl  to  have  laid  it  before  the  Parliament,  that  they 
might  have  fifted  it  to  the  Bran.     But  that  it  was  a 
real   Plot,  his  own  Diary,  together  with  our  later 
Difcoveries,  fully  prove;  and  his  Concealment  of  it, 
we  conceive  to  be  an  high  and  treafonable  Offence, 
tending  to  fubvert  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  fub- 
je6t  us  to  the  Church  of  Rome. 

Thus  we  humbly  conceive,  we  have  made  a  fa- ^^^  ^''*"'** 
tisfaftory  Reply  to  all   the  Archbilhop's  Anfwers,^^^'^^^'"' 
and  have  fully  made  good  the  whole  of  our  Charge,*^ 
namely,  that  the  Archbijhop  has  traiteroujly  endeavour- 
ed to  dejlro'y  our  civil  Liberties,  and  to  introduce  Tyranny 
and  arbitrary  Power  ;    and,  fecondiy^  that  He  has  en- 
deavoured to  fubvert  the  Proteftant  Religion  eftablijhed  by 
Law  in  thefe  Kingdoms^  and  to  fubje^f  us  to  the  Church  of 
Rome  ;  wherefore  we  do,  in  the  Name  of  all  the  Com- 
mons of  England,  pray  Judgment  againfl  him  as  a^^y^ 
Tray  tor.  speech  at 

Before  the  Archbifliop  withdrew  from  the  Bar  h&the  chfe  of 
moved  the  Lords,  that  confidering  the  Length  of  hisj^'^^''/'*^- 
Trial,  and  the  Diftance  of  Time  between  the  feveral  j^-Jj  * 

Days^j,;  ^1$. 


236  fT/^^  HISTORY         VoI.Iir. 

Khg  Days  of  hearing,  they  would  allow  him  a  Day  that 
Charles  I.  he  might  fet  before  their  Lordfhips  in  one  View  the 
yj^^^^  whole  of  the  Commons  Charge,  and  his  Defence  ;  to 
^^  which  they  condefcended,  and  appointed  Sepi,  2.  which 
■was  five  Weeks  from  the  laft  Day  of  his  Trial.  When 
the  Archbifhop  appeared  at  the  Bar  he  began  with  a 
moving  Addrefs,  befeeching  their  Lordfhips  to  confi- 
der  his  Calling,  his  Age,  his  long  Imprifonment,  his 
Sufferings,  his  Patience,  and  the  Sequeftration  of  his 
Eflate.  He  then  complained,  (i.)  Of  the  Uncer- 
tainty and  Generality  of  the  Commons  Charge.  (2.) 
Of  theihortTime  that  was  allowed  him  for  his  An- 
fwer.  (3.)  That  he  had  been  fifced  to  the  Bran,  and 
iiad  his  Papers  taken  from  him.  (4.)  That  the 
Things  he  had  taken  moft  Pains  in,  were  for  the  pub^ 
lick  Good,  and  done  at  his  own  great  Expence,  as 
the  Repair  of  St.  Paurs,  and  the  Statutes  of  Oxford. 
(5.)  That  many  of  the  WitnelTes  were  Sectaries  and 
Schifmaticks,  whereas  by  the  Canon  Law,  No  Schif- 
vtatick  Jhould  be  heard  aga'mjl  his  Bijhop,  He  com- 
plain'd  alfo  of  the  Number  of  WitnefTes  produced 
againfl  him,  which  were  above  one  Hundred  and  fif- 
ty i  whereas  the.  Civil  Law  fays,  that  the  Judges 
Ihould  moderate  Things  foas  no  Man  fhould  be  op- 
preffed  with  the  Mulritude  of  WitnefTes.  (6.)  That 
he  had  been  charged  with  pafTionate  and  hafty  Words, 
which  he  hopes  their  Lordfhips  will  pardon  as  human 
Frailties,  (y.)  That  other  Mens  Adicns  had  been 
Jaid  to  his  Charge,  as  thofe  of  his  Chaplains,  and  the 
Aftions  of  the  High  CommifTion  and  Star  Chamber, 
which  he  infifts  cannot  by  any  Law  be  put  upon  him, 
it  being  a  known  Rule,  Refertur  ad  univerfos  quod  pub- 
lice  fit  per  inajorem  partem.  He  then  went  over  the 
particular  Charges  abovementioned,  and  concluded 
with  a  Hequefl,  that  when  the  Commons  had  replied 
to  the  Fads,  his  Council  might  be  heard  as  to  Matters 
Laud's  of  Law.  The  Commons  replied  to  the  ArchbiOiop's 
W'^^"  Speech  ^^Z*/.  11.  and  the  lame  Day  his  Council  deli- 
p. 4»-'     vered  in  thcfe  two  C^erjes,  (j.j  [-f^hetber  in  ail,  or 

any 


Chap.  V.       «/  //&(?  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s:  237 

ah'j  of  the  Articles  charged  againji  the  Arcbhijhop^  there  be    King 
contained  any  Treajon  by  the  ejlablijhed  Lazvs  of  this  iii;7^- Charles  T. 
^iom.     (2.)  IVbetbfr  the  Impeachment  and  Articles  ^'^vjftty 
contain   fucb  Certainties  and   Particularities  as   is  re-  ^^f^ 
quired  by  Law  in  Cafes  of  Treafon.     The  Lords  km^"'"*' "f 
down  the  ^eries  to  the  Commons,  who,  after  thcy^^^^' 
had   referr'd    them    to   a   Committee   of  Lawyers, 
agreed  that  the  Archbiftiop*s  Council  might  be  heard 
to  the  frji  ^ery,  but  not  to  the  fecond.     Accord- Laud's 
\t\o\y^05foher  11.   the  Archbifhop  being  prefent  at^'^* 
the  Bar,  Mr.  Heam  propofed  to  argue  thefe  two  ge-^'  '^^^* 
neral  Queflions. 

(ij  "  Whether  there  be  at  this  Day  any  other  Trea- Mr. 
<«  fon  than  what  is  enabled  by  the  Statute  of  25th  £J-Hearn'/ 
"  ward  III.  cap.  2.  or  enabled  by  fome  other  fubfe-'^''"^"'"^'^* 
**  quent  Statute  .'* 

{2.)  "  Whether  any  of  the  Matters,  in  any  of  the 
**  Articles  charged  againft  the  Archbifhop,  contain 
*'  any  of  the  Treafons  declared  by  that  Law,  or 
-*'  enaifled  by  any  fubfequent  Law?'* 

And  for  the  clearing  of  both  thefe  he  humbly  in-IbiJ. 
fifted,  that  an  "  Endeavour  tofubvert  the  Laws^  the  Pro-  P-  4^41 
*'  tejl ant  Religion,  and  the  Rights  of  Parliament,  which^'"'^' 
*'  are  the  Three  general  Charges  to  which  all  the  Particu- 
*'  lars  alledged  againji  the  Archbifhop  may  be  reduced,  is 
**  not  Treafon  within  the  Statute  of  25  Edward  III.  nor 
*'  any  other  particular  Statute** 

In  Maintenance  of  this  Propoficion  he  obferved, 
Firfi,  *'  That  the  Particulars  alledged  againft  the 
*'  Archbifhop  were  not  within  the  L(?//^r  of  the  Sta- 
*'  tuteof  the  25th  Edward  III.  and  then  argued,  that 
'*  the  Statutes  of  this  Land  ought  not  to  be  conftrued 
*'  by  Equity  or  Inference,  becaufe  they  are  declarative 
"  Laws,  and  were  defigned  for  the  Security  of  the 
"  Subjed:  in  his  Life,  Liberty  and  Eftate  ;  and  be- 
*'  caufe  fince  the  Time  o(  Henry  IV.  no  Judgment 
''  has  been  given  in  Parliament  for  any  Treafon  not 
"  exprefly  contained,  or  declared  in  that,  or  fome  other 
^*  Statute,  but  by  Billj  from  whence  it  will  follow,    ^ 

"  that 


238  ^'heUlSTORt         Vol.  lit 

King    "  that  the  Particulars  charged  againft  the  Archbi- 
Charles  I.  cc  fj^op,   being  only  an  Endeavour  to  fuhvert  funda' 
\2r^r>J  "  ''^^^^^^  LawSi  are  of  fo  great  Latitude  and  Uncer- 
^^^'^  •«  tainty,  that  every  Aftion  not  warranted  by  Law 
«  may  be  extended  to  Treafon,  though  there  is  no 
««  particular  Statute  to  make  it  lb.    If  it   be  re- 
««  plied,  that  the  Statute  of  25  Edward  III.  takes  no- 
laud's      (c  xXcQ  o{  compajfing  or  imagining,  we  anfwer,  it  con- 

^^\'7      **  ^"^^  ^^  ^^  ^^^  Death  of  the  King. ;  but  an  Endea- 
^  i<  t;our  to  fuhvert  the  Laws  of  the  Realm,  is  no  deter- 

*'  minate  Crime  by  the  Laws  of  England,  but  has 
<«  been  efteemed  an  Aggravation  of  a  Crime,  and 
<«  has  lleen  ufually  join'd  as  the  Refult  of  fome  other 
««  Offence  below  Treafon." 
Ibid.  «t  xhe  like  may  be  obferved  to  the  fecond  Charge, 

P«  4i9«  tc  of  Endeavouring  to  fuhvert  Religion ;  'tis  not  Trea- 
<«  fon  by  the  Letter  of  any  Law  eftabliflied  in  this 
"  Kingdom,  for  the  Statute  of  i  Edward  VJ.  cap.  12. 
«<  makes  it  but  Felony  to  attemptan  Alteration  of  Relt- 
<*  gion  by  force,  which  is  the  worfe  kind  of  Attempt, 
*'  As  to  the  third  Charge,  of  Endeavouring  to  fub' 
*'  vert  the  Rights  of  Parliament.  We  infift  on  the 
"  fame  Reply  that  was  made  under  the  firft  Head. 
«'  We  allow,  that  by  the  Statute  of  5  Jac.  cap.  4, 
*'  'tis  provided,  that  if  any  Man  (hall  put  in  Praftice 
*«  to  reconcile  any  of  his  Majefty's  Subjeds  to  the 
*'  Pope  or  See  of  Rome  it  fliall  be  deem'd  Treafon ; 
"  but  we  conceive  this  does  not  reach  the  Archbi- 
Il>.p.45o.c«  fliop,  becaufe,  (1.)  He  is  charged  only  with  an 
"  Endeavour,  whereas  in  the  Statute  it  is  putting  in 
"  Pra£iice.  {2.)  Becaufe  the  Archbifhop  is  charged 
*«  with  reconciling  the  Church  of  England  with  the 
''  Church  of  Rome,  whereas  in  the  Statute  it  is  recon- 
"  ciling  any  of  his  Majefty's  Subjects  to  the  See  of 
**  Rome  ;  now  reconciling  wi/Z?,  may  as  well  be  con- 
*'  ftrued  a  Reducing  Rome  to  E^jgland,  as  England  to 
*«  Rome. 

"  Thus,  fays  Mr.  Hear n,  we  have  endeavoured  to 
*      "  make  it  appear,  that  none  of  the  Matters  in  any 

it  of 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Puritan  s:  239 

«'  of  the  Articles  charged  are  Treafon  within  the  Let-     Kh^g 
«'  ter  of  the  Law  ;  indeed,  the  Crimes,  as  they  are  laid  Cliarks  I. 
«  in  tlie  Charge,  are  many  and  great,  but  their  Num-  ^.^r^X^ 
•*  ber  cannot  make  them  exceed  their  Nature  ;  and^^^^"^ 
*'  if  they  be  but  Crimes  and  Mifdemeanors  apart, 
*'  below  Treafon,  they  cannot  be  made  Treafon  by 
«*  putting  them  together." 

Thefe  Arguments  of  the  Archbifhop's  Council 
ftagger'd  the  Houfe  of  Lords ;  nor  could  the  Mana- 
gers for  the  Commons  fatisfy  them  in  their  Reply  ; 
they  had  no  Doubts  about  the  Truth  of  the  Fads, 
but  whether  any  of  them  were  Treafon  by  the  Laws  of  the 
Land  'f  This  the  Judges  very  much  queftion*d,  and 
therefore  the  Lords  deferr'd  giving  Judgment  till 
the  Commons  thought  fit  to  take  another  Method  to 
obtain  it. 

Various  are  the  Accounts  of  the  Archbifliop's  Be-Cevfuresof 
haviour  on  his  Trial ;  his  Friends  and  Admirers  flat-^^^"^^^-* 
ter'd  him  beyond  Meafure,  and  faid,  that  he  perfcd-  ^  ^'^""''^* 
ly  triumphed  over  his  Accufers ;  and  his  Grace  feems 
to  be  of  the  fame  Mind,  when  he  tells  us,    that  ^//t.aud's 
Men  magnified  his  Anfwer  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons^  hut  ^^^' 
he  forbore  to  fet  down  in  what  Language,  becaufe  it  was^'  '^'^'* 
high.     Mr.  Prynne  3,]\oy/s^  that  *' he  made  as  full,  asPrynne,- 
*'  gallant  and  pithy  a  Defence,  and  fpake  as  muchP*  4'5i« 
"  for  himfelf  as  was  pofiible  for  the  Wit  of  Man 
*«  to  invent ;    and  that  with  fo  much   Art,  Sophi- 
"  ftry.    Vivacity,    Oratory,    Audacity  and  Confi- 
*'  dence,  without  the  leaft  Blufh,   or  Acknowledge 
«*  ment  of  Guilt  in  any  Thing,  as  argued  him  ra- 
<«  ther  Obftinate  than  Innocent,  Lr^pudent  than  Pe- 
«*  nitent,  and  a  far  better  Orator  and  Sophifter  than 
**  Proteftant  or  Chriftian."     But   then   he  imputes 
his  Boldnefs  to  the  King's  Pardon,  which  he  had  in 
his  Pocket. 

Bilhop  5«r«^/  is  of  Opinion,  that"  in  moft  of  theHift.  (j/i&« 
"  Particulars  the  Archbilhop  made  but  frivolous  Ex-  L»fe,Vol,I. 
'*  cufes  >  as,  that  he  was  but  (?«^  ^^/w^}',  who  either  ^'^"^ 

''  in 


240  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         rol.  IIT. 

King    "  in  Council,  Star  Chamber,  or  High  Commiffion, 

Charles  I.  tc  voted  , illegal  Things.     Now, '  though    this    wit 

yJ^-^Xj  "  true^  yet  a  chief  Minijler,  and  one  in  high  Favour, 

"  determines  the  reft  fo  much,  that  they  are  littl6 

««  better  than  Machines  afted  by  him.    On  other 

«'  Occafions  he  fays,  the  Thing  was  proved  but  by 

««  one  Witnefs.    Now,  how  ftrong  foever  this  De- 

<*  fence  may  be  in  Law,  it  is  of  no  Force  in  an  Ap- 

'«  peal  to  the  World  ;  for  if  a  Thing  be  true,  'tis  no 

**  matter  how  full  of  defective  the  Proof  is." 

Eis  cha-       The  Archbiftiop  himfelf  has  informed  us  of  his  great 
raHer  cf   patience  under  the  hard  Ufage  he  met  with  at  his  Tri- 
theWit-   ^j .  j^^j.  j^jg  Diary  furniflies  too  rriany  Examples  to  the 
^"^^ '       contrary,  for  it  appears  from  thence,  that  he  fome- 
times  gave  the  WitnefTes  very  rude  Language  at  the 
Bar,  infinuating  to  the  Court,    that  many  of  them 
were  perjur*d  ;  that  their  Evidence  was  the  Effeft  of 
Malice,  Envy,  and  a  Thirft  after  his  Blood :  Some- 
times he  threaten'd  therti  with  the  Judgments  of  God, 
and  once  he  was  going  to  bind  their  Sins  upon  one  of 
them  not  to  be  forgiven  till  he  afked  pardon  ;  but  he 
Laud's      recovered  himfelf.     He  is  pleafed  fometimes  to  ob- 
Hift.        ferve,  that  his  Crimes  were  proved  but  by  one  JVit- 
P'*37.     fiefs  \  and  yet,  at  laft,  he  complains,  that  he  was  op- 
prefifed  with  Numbers,  no  lefs  than  one  Hundred  and 
It.p.  417,  fifty,  and  calls  them,  "  A  Pack  of  fuch  Witnefics 
"  as  were  never  produced  againft  any  Man  of  his 
**  Place  and  Calling ;  Purfmvants^  Meffengers,  Pillo- 
«'  ry-Men,  Bawds ;  and  fuch  as  had  fhifted  their  Re- 
"  ligion  to  and  again."     And  yet  there  were  among 
them  Men  of  the  beft  Fafhion  and  Quality  in  the 
Kingdom,  as  Sir  H.  Vane,  fen.  Sir  H.  Mildmay,  Sir 
William  Balfore,  Sir  Nath,  Brent,  Vicar  General  ;  fun- 
dry  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London^  and  many  excel- 
lent Divines,  as  Dr.  Feafly,  Dr.  Haywood  the  Arch- 
bifhop's  Chaplain,   Mr.  Dell  his  Secretary,  Mr.  Of 
haldifton,    and  others,    of   an   equal,    if  not  fuperior 
Jb.  p.  434.  Character.     When  his  Grace  was  checked  at  the  Bar 

for 


chap.  V.       of  f be  Pu KIT Au  ^:  241 

for  refleding  upon  the  Witnefles,  and  put  in  mind  by     King 
the  ManagerSy  that  fome  of  them  were  Aldermen, ^'^"^^  '• 
fome  Gentlemen,  and  fome  Men  of  Qi^iality,  he  re-  ,,/-yi^ 
plied  fmartly,  "  That  is  nothing,  there  is  mt  an  a^ive 
"'  Separatijl  in  England  hut  his  Hand  is  againfi  me  \ 
'*  hoih  Gentlemen^    Aldermen^   and  Men  of  all  Condi- 
*'  tionSy    are  Separatijl s  from  the  Church  of  England, 
"  and  I  zuoidd  to  God  fome  of  my  Judges  were  not."'' 

After  this  it  can  hardly  be  expedled,  that  the  ilf-^--'^'^  ^^"'^ 
7m7ers  for  the  Commons  fhould  efcape  his  Graced  Ccn-'""^  "' *  " 

/■  •  rLL        J-        J       L       ■        \,     r-        rex.-    Manager*. 

lure;  it  mult  be  admitted,  that  in  the  Courie  or  their 
Evidence  they  made  ufe  of  fome  harfh  ExprefTions, 
which  nothing  but  the  Charafler  they  fudaincd  could 
excufe  ;  but  it  was  no  Argument  of  the  Archbifhop's 
Patience  and  Difcretion,  to  fight  them  at  their  own 
Weapons.  The  Managers  were  Serjeant  Maynardy  i^iud's 
one  of  theablefl  Lawyers  of  his  Age  ;  he  lived  to  beHill- 
the  Father  of  his  Profefllon  ;  and  when  the  Prince  ofP*  S?^"  ' 
Orange  [afterwards  King  William  III.]  compli- 
mented him  upon  his  having  out-lived  all  his  Brethren 
of  the  Law,  he  made  this  handfome  Reply,  that  if 
it  had  not  been  for  the  wonderful  Revolution  that 
his  Hio;hnefs  had  brouo;ht  about,  he  fhould  have  out- 
lived  the  Law  it  felf.  He  managed  the  firfl  Part  of 
the  Evidence  March  13th,  i6th,  iSth,  and  28th, 
*'  This  Gentleman  (fays  the  Archbifhop)  pleadedj 
•*  though  ftrongly,  yet  fairly  againft  me.'* 

Serjeant /iFi/^  was  the  Son  of  Serjeant  George  fFild,  of 
"Droitxvich  in  Worcefterfhire  \  he  was  afterwards  Reader  of 
the  Inner  Temple^    a  great  Lawyer,  and   of  unble- 
mifhed  Morals.  After  the  Reftoration  of  King  Charles 
II.  he  was  made  Lord  Chief  Baron,  and  efteemed  a^^'^* 
grave  and  venerable  Judge.     Ke  managed  that  part^'  55°» 
of  the  Evidence  which  concerned   Religion,    May"^ 
20,  27.    June  6,  II,  17,  20,  and  27.    July  20,  and 
24.  but  *'  this  Gentleman,  fays  the  Archbilhop,  the* 
**  he  had  Language  good  enough  fometimes,  he  had 
"  little  or  no  Senfe.     1  had  a  Character  given  me  be- 
"  fore  of  him,    v/hich   I  forbear    to    exprefs,    buc 

Vol.  III.  R  *'  b/ 


242  7y&^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King    <<  by    his  Proceedings  with  me  I  found  it  exadlly 

Charles  I.  <«    ix[jiQ  ** 

\^^'^^  Samuel  Browne^  Efq-,  was  an  able  and  grave  Law- 
yer ;  In  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  II.  he  was 
knighted,  and  made  Lord  Chief  Juftice  of  the  Com- 
mon Ple^s  *,  he  fummed  up  the  whole  Evidence  at  the 
Lord's  Bar.  "  His  Behaviour  towards  the  Archbi- 
*'  fhop  was  decent  and  civil,  but  his  Pleadings  (ac- 
**  cording  to  his  Grace)  very  unfair  ;  the  Archbifhop 
"  blames  him  for  not  ufing  his  own  Notes,  but  co- 
"  pying  other  Mens.  This  is  moil  Chriftian-like  in 
*"  Mr.  Browne  (fays  hej  but  it  may  be  he  learn'd  it 
*'  out  of  the  Notes  his  Father-in-law  takes  at  Ser- 
*«  mons." 

Robert  Nicolas,  Efq;  prefs'd  the  Archbifliop  very 
hard,  and  therefore  no  wonder  that  he  was  difpleafed 
with    him.     The  Archbifhop  allows,    that  he    had 
fome  Senfe,  but  cxtream  virulent  and  foul  Language. 
He  managed  the  fecond  and  fourth  Branches  of  the 
Evidence  April  i6.  May  4,  16.  July  ig.     This  Gen- 
Laud's      tleman  happening  to  call  the  Archbifhop  Pander  to 
Hift.         the  Whore  0/ Babylon  ;  the  Archbifhop  bids  him  re- 
p«39o«      member,  "  That  one  of  his  zealous  WitnefTesagainft 
"  the  Whore  of  ^^i^^/fyw  got  all  his  Means  by  being  a 
*'  Pander  to  other  lewd  Women,  and  was  not  long 
'♦  fmce  raken  in  Bed  with  one  of  his  Wife's  Maids. 
«*  Good  Mr,  Nicolas  (fays  he)  do  not  difpenfe  with 
"  all  W^hores  but  the  Whore  of  Babylon !  ** 

As  for  Mr.  Hill,  the  other  Manager,  he  is  called 
Conful  Bibulus,  becaufe  he  faid  nothing.  Upon  the 
whole  the  Archbifhop  is  of  Opinion,  that  the  Mana- 
lb.  p.i7i.g€rs  for  the  Commons  fought  his  Blood  -,  "  and  made 
*'  falfe  Conftrudtions,  for  which  (fays  he)  I  am  con- 
**  fident  they  fhall  anfwer  at  another  Bar,  and  for 
**  fomething  elfe  in  thefe  Proceedings.'* 

Such  was  the  unhappy  Spirit  of  this  Prelate,  who, 

"  though  he  had  feen  the  violent  Effedls  of  his  ill 

«'  Counfels,  and  had  been  fo  long  fliut  up,  and  fo 

I,  *'  much 


Chap.  V.       o/'  //6^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  243 

much  at  leifure  ro  refleft  upon  what  had  pad  in  the     King 

Hurry  of  Pallion,    and  in  the   Exaltation  of  his^^*'^'"  ^' 
^  1644. 


Profperiry,    yet  (as   Bifliop  Burnet  oblerves )  he     '  '^'^* 


does  not  in  any  one  part  of  his  Diary  acknowledge 
his  own  Errors,  nor  mix  any  wife  or  pious  Relle- 
(fbions  upon  rhe  unhnppy  Steps  he  had  made.'*  Ic 
was,  no  doubt,  a  great  Mortification  co  his  high  Spirit, 
to  be  expofed  to  the  People,  and  to  wait  fometiraes 
an  Hour  or  two  before  he  was  called  to  the  Bar  ;  but 
as  for  his  Charily  and  Patience  under  his  Sufferings,  I 
mult  leave  it  with  the  Reader. 

While  the  Proceedings  againft  the  Archbifhop  v/erePetltms 
at  a  (land,  by  reafon  of  the  Lords  being  diffatisfied,/^**  ^*^"^* 
H'hether  the  Facls  proved  againft  him  were  Treafon  b)  j^f^  "^ 
Statute  Law  ;  the  Citizens  oi London  got  together,  and 
prefenred  a  Petition  to  the  Houle  of  Commons, 
O^ob.  28th.  fign'd  with  great  Numbers  of  Hands, 
praying  for  fpeedy  Juftice  againfl  Delinquenrs,  and 
particularly  againft  the  Archbifliop  •,  which  was,  no 
doubt,  an  artful  Contrivance  of  his  Enemies.  The 
Commons,  to  prevent  all  further  Delays,  deter- 
mined not  to  prefs  the  Lords  for  Judgment  upon  the 
Trial,  but  ordered  a  Bill  of  Attainder  [o  be  brought  in; 
and  when  it  had  been  twice  read,  the  Archbifliop 
was  brought  to  the  Bar  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
ro  hear  the  Evidence  on  which  it  proceeded,  and  to 
make  what  further  Defence  he  thought  proper  ;  Mr, 
Browne  fumm'd  up  the  Charge,  iVoi;.  2.  and  the 
Archbifliop  had  nine  Days  given  him  co  prepare  his 
Defence.  Nov.  11.  he  fpoke  for  himfelf  fome  Hours 
at  th^fBar  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  Mr. 
Browne  replied  before  the  Archbifhop  withdrew  •,  af- 
ter which  rne  Bill  of  Attainder  pall  the  Fioufe  the  ve- 
ry (iime  Day  with  but  one  diffenting  Voice,  and  that 
nor  upon  the  Mattt-r  of  the  Charge,  but  upon  th^ 
Manner  of  Proceeding.  The  Bill  being  fcnt  up  to 
the  Lords  they  made  an  Order,  Dec.  4.  That  all 
Books^  IVriting^^  &c.  concerning  the  ArcbbiJJjop^s  Trial, 
JJjould  be  brought  in  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Parliafnsnt,  wh;ch 

R  2  beins 


Hi  "The  HISTORY  Vol. Illj 

ii:zǤ-    being  done,  tliey  examined  over  again,  all  the  Heads, 
^^^^    'and  principal  Parts  of  the  Evidence,  and  voted  each 
%^y^  Particular  as  they  went  forward  ;  fo  tender  were  they 
of  the  Life  of  this  Prelate,  and  fo  careful  to  maintain 
Condemn  d  the  Honour  and  Juftice  of  their  Proceedings.     When 
J   ^-^J    ^^^y  ^^^^  gone  through  the  Whole,  they  voted  him 
'  guilty  of  all  the  Fa6ts  charged  againft  him,  in  three 
Branches,    namely.    Guilty  of  endeavouring  to  fuhvert 
the  Laws  \ — Of  endeavouring  to  overthrow  the  Proteftant 
Religion,  —  And  the  Rights  of  Parliaments.     After  this 
they  fent  a  Meflage  to  the  Commons,  to  defire  thenpi 
to  anfwer  the  Argument  of  the  Archbifhop's  Council, 
•as  to  the  Point  of  Law,  which  they  accordingly  did 
at  a  Conference,  Jan.  i.  when  Serjeant  Wild,  Mr, 
Browne,  and  Mr.  JSicolas,  having  given  the  Reafon 
of  the  Commons  for  their  Attainder,  the  Lords  were 
fatisfied,  and  Jan.  4.  paffed  the  Bill,  whereby  it  was 
ordained,  that  he  fhould  fuffer  Death  as  in  Cafes  of 
High  Treafon.     To  flop  the  Confequence  of  this 
Attainder  the  Archbifhop  produced  the  King's  Par- 
don under  the  Great  Seal,  fign'd  April  12.  i9ch  Car, 
Whid.      but  if  was  over-rul'd  by  both  Houfes,   i.  Becaufe  \i 
Mem.       was  granted  before  Convidion.     And,  2.  If  it  had 
P'ii7«     been  fubfequent,  yet  in  the  prefent  Cafe  of  Treafon 
they  argued,  that  the  King  could  not  pardon  a  Judg- 
ment of  Parliament,  efpecially  as  the  Nation  was  in 
a  State  of  War  •,  for,  if  the  King's  Pardon  was  a  Pro- 
teftion,  not  a  Deferter,  nor  a  Spy,  nor  an  Incendiary 
of  any  kind  againft  the  Parliament,  would  have  fuf- 
fer'd  in  his  Lile  or  Liberty. 

All  the  Favour  therefore  the  Archbifliop  could  ob- 
tain, was,  upon  his  Petition,  to  have  his  Sentence  altered 
from  hanging  to  being  beheaded  on  Tower-Hill,  which 
was  appointed  to  be  on  Friday, J  an.  10.  when  the  Arch- 
bifhop, being  ccnduded  to  theScaffbld,  attended  by  his 
Chaplain,  Dr.  Stern,  and  by  MT.MarJJjal^nd  Palmer,  fenc 
hh  Jaft  by  the  Parliament,  read  his  laft  Speech  to  the  People, 
S}jecch,  which  was  a  Sort  of  Sermon,  from  PJeb.x\\.2.  Let 
us  run  with  Patience  the  Race  that  is  fet  before  usy  looking 

uni9 


Chap. V.        of  tbe  Pv KIT  Aus'.  24^ 

tinto  Jefus^  the  Author  and  Finijher  of  our  Faith,  who,     -K/w? 
for  the  J  O'j  that  luasfet  before  hivi^  endured  the  Crofs^  de-*^^""^^^  ^' 
Jpifing  the  Shame,  and  is  fat  down  at  the  right  Hand  (fy,^-,^^^ 
ihe  Throne  of  God.     In  which  he  acknowledges  hlm- 
felf  to  have  been  a  great  Sinner  ;  but  having  ran- 
fack'd  every  Corner  of  his  Heart,   he  thanks  God, 
that  he  has  not  found  any  of  his  Sins  deferving  Death 
by  any  of  the  known  Laws  of  the  Kingdom,  though 
he  does  not  charge  his  Judges  becaufc  they  are  to  pro- 
ceed according  to  Evidence He  thanks  God 

that  he  is  as  quiet  wiihin,  as  ever  he  was  in  his  Life, 
and  hopes  that  his  Caufe  in  Lleaven  will  look  of  ano- 
ther Colour  liian  it  does  here.  It  is  clamour'd  againft: 
me  (fayi  hej  that  I  defigned  to  bring  in  Popery,  but 
I  pray  God,  that  the  Pope  does  not  come  in  by 
means  of  thefe  Sedlaries  which  clamour  fo  much 
againft  me.  As  for  the  King^  he  aiTures  the  World, 
that  he  is  as  found  a  Proteftant  as  any  Man  in  the 
Kingdom,  and  would  venture  as  freely  for  ir.  He 
complains  of  the  Citizens  tor  ga(hering  LLands  to  Pe^ 
titions,  and  particularly  againft  himfelf,  whereby 
thev  were  brin2,in2;  the  Guilt  of  innocent  Blood 
upon  themfeives  and  their  City.  He  lamcn^^s  the 
Ruins  of  the  Hierarchy,  and  concludes  wiih  decla- 
ring himfelf  a  true  Proteftanr,  according  to  the 
Church  o^  England  eftablifhed  by  Law,  and  takes  ic 
upon  his  Death,  that  be  never  endeavoured  the  Subver- 
fion  of  the  haws  of  the  Realm,  nor  any  Change  of  the  Pro- 
idfant  Religion  into  Popi/b  Superjiition  i  nor  was  he  an 
Enemy  to  Parliaments. 

In  his  laft  Prayer  he  defites  that  God  would  give  And  Frayi 
him  Patience  to  die  for  his  Honour,  for  the  King's^r. 
Happinefs,.     and    the     Church     of    England.      He  j 

then  prays  for  the  Prefervation  of  the  King  in  his 
juft    Rights  •,    for    the    Parliament   in  their  ancient  j 

and  juft  Power  i  for  the  Church,  that  if  may  be 
ictiled  in  Truth  and  Peace,  and  in  its  Patrimiony  ; 
and  for  the  People,  that  they  may  enjoy  their 
aocienc  Laws,  and  other  Liberties ;  and  then,  ha- 

R  3  ving 


24^  r;6?  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    ving  forgiven  his  Enemies,    he  concluded  with  the 
Charles  l.LQj.j»g  player.     After  which  he  gave  his  Paper  lo 
^^^"^^^  Dr.  Sterne,  faying,  Dodlor,  I  give  you  this,  to  fhew 
your  fellow  Chaplains,  that  they  may  fee  how  I  am 
gone  out  of  the  VVorld,  and  God's  BleiTing,  and  his 
Mercy    be    upon  them.     When    the   Scaffold    was 
cleared,    he  pulled  off   his  Doublet,  and  fiid,  God's 
Will  be  done^  I  am  willing  to  go  out  of  the  World  j  no 
Man  can  be  more  willing  to  fend  me  out.     Then  turning 
to  the  Executioner   he  gave  him  fome  ^f'Ioney,  and 
bid  him  do  his  Office  in  Mercy  *,  he  then  kneeltd 
down,  and  after  a  fhort  Prayer,  laid  his  Head  on  the 
Block,   and  laid.   Lord  Jefus  receive  my  Spirit  \   which 
being  theSgn,  the  Executioner  did  his  Office  at  one 
Blow.     The  Archbifliop's  Corpfe  was  put    into   a 
Coffin,  and  by  the  Permiffion  of  Parliament  buried 
in  Barkin  Church,  with  the  Service  of  the  Church 
read  over  him.     The  Infcription  upon  the  Coffin  was 
this.  In  hac  cifiida  condutitur  ExiivicB  Gulielmi  Laud, 
Arcbiepijcopi  Cantuarienfis,  qiii  fecuri pcrcuffm  Immorta- 
litatem  adiit,  die  x°  Januarii,  jEtatis  fiicd  72.   Archie' 
fifcopatus  xii.     But  after  the  Reftoration,   his  Body 
was  removed  to  Oxford,  and  depofued  with  great  So- 
lemnity in  a  brick  Vault,  according  to  his  iaft  Will 
and  Teftan-)ent,  near  the  Altar  of  the  Chapel  of  St. 
John  Baptift  College,  Jul-j  24.   1663. 


racier. 


Hischa-  Thus  died  Dr.  William  Laud,  Archbiffiop  of 
Canterbury,  Primate  of  all  England^  and  Metropoli- 
tan ;  fome  Time  Chancellor  of  the  Univerfities  of 
Oxford  SLnd  Dublin,  one  of  the  Commiffioners  of  his 
Majefly's  Exchequer,  and  Privy  Counfellor  to  the 
King,  in  the  Seventy  fecond  Year  of  his  Age,  and 
twelfth  of  his  Archepifcopal  Tranflation.  He  was 
of  low  Stature,  and  a  ruddy  Countenance  >  his  natu- 
ral Temper  was-  feveie  and  uncourily,  his  Spirit 
ailive  and  rcfllefs,  which  pufli*d  him  upon  the  moft 
hazardous  Entcrprizcs.  His  Conduft  was  rafii  and 
pr'ecipitate,  lor  according  to  Dr.  Hieylin,  he  attempt- 
ed 


Chap.  V.       of  fbe  Fu  RiTAi^  s.  247 

ed  more  Alterations  in  the  Church  in  one  Year,  than    King 
a  prudent  Man  would  have  done  in  a  great   many.^^*''^"  '• 
i  iis  Counfcls  in  Slrjfe  /Affairs  were  high  and  arbitrary,    l^^^X^ 
for  lie  was  at  the  Head  of  ail  the  illegal  Projcds,  ot 
vShip-lVIoney,     Loans,     Monopolies,    Star-Chamber 
Fines,  ^c.    which  were  the  Ruin  of  the  King  and 
Conftitution. 

His  Maxims  in  the  Church  were  no  Icfs  (zvtr^,  for 
he  fharpen'd  the  fpirituil  Sword,  and  drew  it  againft 
ail  Sorts  of  Offenders,  intending  fas  Lord  Clar&ndon 
obfervesj  that  rhe  Difcipline  of  the  Church  fliould  be 
felt  as  well  as  fooken  of.  Inhere  had  not  been  fuch  a 
Crowd  of  Bufinefs  in  the  High  CommiJJion  Court 
fince  the  Reforniation,  nor  fo  many  large  Fines  im- 
pofed,  as  under  this  Prelate's  Adminiltration,  with 
little  or  no  Abatement,  becaufe  rhey  were  affigned  to 
the  Repair  of  St.  Pj?//'s,  which  gave  occafion,to  an  un- 
lucky Proverb,  tnat  the  Church  'liuas  re;pa:recl  wWj  the 
Sins  of  the  People. 

As  to  the  Archbifhnp's  Religion,  he  declared 
himfelf,  upon  the  Scaffold,  a  Proteftanr,  according 
to  the  Conftitution  of  the  Church  of  Ennjand,  but 
with  more  Charity  to  the  Church  q^  Rome  than  to  the 
foreign  Proteflants ;  and  though  he  was  an  avowed 
Enemy  to  Sectaries  and  Fanaticks  of  all  Sorts,  yet  he 
had  a  great  deal  of  Superltition  in  his  Make,  as  ap- 
pears trom  thofe  PafTages  in  his  Diary,  in  which  he 
takes  Notice  of  his  Dreams,  of  the  F'alling  down  of 
Pidtures,  of  the  Bleeding  of  his  Nofe,  of  aufpicious 
and  inaufpicious  Days  ot  the  Year,  and  ofthePofi- 
tion  of  the  Stars  •,  a  Variety  of  which  may  be  colle(5tcd 
out  of  that  Performance. 

His  Grace  muil  be  allowed  to  have  had  a  con(ider-^'''^''y» 
able  Share  of  Knowledge,  and  to  have  been  a  learn- P*  ^ 
.  ed  Man,  though  he  was  more  a  Man  of  Bull- 
nefs  than  of  Letters.  He  was  a  great  Bejiefador 
to  the  College  in  which  he  was  educated,  enrich- 
jng  it  with  a  Variety  of  valuable  Manulcriprs,  be- 
-  fides  five  Hundred  Pounds  in  Money.     He  gave 

R  4  eight 


24B  tr/j^  HISTORY         Vol. Ill 

i^%    eight  Hundred  Pounds  to  the  Repair  of  the  Cathedral 
Chades  I. of  S(.^  p^^i^  ^^^  fundry  other  Legacies  of  the  like 
^J,^^^^  Nature.     But  with  all  his  Accomplifhments  he  was  a 
cruel  Perfecutor,  as  long  as  he  was  in  Power,  and 
the  chief  Incendiary  in  the  War  between  the  King 
and   Parliament,    the  Calamities  of  which  are  in  a 
great  Meafure  chargeable  upon  him.    "  That  which 
"  gave  me  the  ftrongeft  Prejudices  againft  him  (fays 
**  Bifhop  Burnet)  is  that,  in  his  Diary,  after  he  had 
*'  feen  the  ill  Effcfts  of  his  violent  Counfels,  and  had 
"  been  fo  long  fiiut  up,  and  fo  long  at  leifure  to  re- 
"  fle^  on  what  had  pafTed  in  the  Hurry  of  PalTion,  in 
"  the  Exaltation  of  his  Profperity,    he  does  not  in 
*'  any  one  part  of  that  great  Work  acknowledge  his 
"  own  Errors,    nor  mix  any  wife  or  ferious  Refle- 
"  (5lions  on  the  ill  Ufage  he  met  with,  or  the  un« 
"  happy  Steps   he    had   made."     The  Bifhop  adds 
Hift.o/^/i  withal,   "  That  he  was  a  learned,  fincere,  and  zea- 
Li^e,         "  lous  Man,  regular  in  his  own  Life,  and  humble  in 
Vol.  r.      t<  Yi'is  private  Deportment,    but  hot  and  indifcreet, 
^"^  '   °'  *'  eagerly  purfuing  fuch  Matters  as  were  either  very 
"  inconfiderable  or  mifchievous;  fuch  as  fettling  the 
"  Communion  Table  by  the  EaftWall  of  the  Church, 
"  bowing  to  it,  and  calling  it  an  Altar^  fupprefling 
"  the  Walloon  Privileges,  breaking  of  Leftures,  and 
*'  encouraging  of  Sports  on  the  Lord's  Day,  i^c. 
^'  Hii  Seventy  in   the  Star  Chamber,    and   in   the 
"  High  Commifiicn  Court',  but  above  all  his  vio- 
*'  lent,  and  indeed  inexcufable  Injuftice,  in  the  Pro- 
*'  lecution  of  Bifhop /^V/Zm/wx,  were  fuch  vifible  Ble- 
"  mifhes,  that  nothing  but  the  putting  him  to  Death 
*'  in  fo  unjufl  a  Manner  could  have  raifed  his  Chara- 
"  d:er.     His  Diary  reprefents  him  as  an  abjed  Fawn- 
*'  er  upon  the  Duke  of  Buckingham^  and  as  a  fuperfti- 
"  ticus  Regarder  of  Dreams  -,  his  Defence  of  himfelf, 
*'  writ  with  fo  much  Care  when  he  was  in  the  Tower^ 
"  is  a  very  mean  Performance  ;  and  his  Friends  have 
*'  really  lefTen'd  him  ;  He^lin   by  writing  his  Life, 
*'  and  fVbarion  by  publifliing  his  Vindication  of  him- 

>'  felf." 


I 


Chap.  V.       of  fbe  PuRiT  Ai^s'.  249 

'*  feif.'*     Mr.  Rapht  adds,  *'  Let  the  Archbifhop's    Kh^ 
"  Favourers  lay  what  they  pleafe,  he  was  one  of  the ^'^'"■''^^  ^' 
"  chief  Authors  of  the  Troubles  that  afflidcd  £''^-vJ->^i^ 
*'  lofid,  fi^/^i  By  fupporting  with  all  his  Might  thci^apin^     ' 
"  Principles  of  that  arbitrary  Power  which  the  Court  Vol  XII. 
"  Itrove  for  feveral  Years  to  eftabliHi.     Secondly,  Byp-^S-t* 
*'  ufing  too  much  Stri^flnefs  and  Rigidnefs  in  the  Ob- 
*'  fervance  of  Trifles  in  divine  Service,  and  in  com- 
*'  pelling  every  body  to  conform  themfelves  there- 
*'  to."     To  which  I  would  beg  leave  to  add,  that 
fince  no::hing  relating  to  the  Dodlrine'  or  Difcipline 
oi  the  Church  of  England  eflablifli'd  by    Law  was 
objeded     to    him    at   his  Trial,    but    only   certaia 
Innovations  in   the  Church,    without    or    contrary 
to  Law,  I  cannot  conceive  with  what  Propriety  of 
Language  his   Friends  and   Admirers  have  canoni- 
zed him  as  the  hlejfed  Marty  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
J.ind. 

The  la  ft,  and  moft  memorable  Tranfadion  of  this^'-'^'^O;  °f 
Year,  was  the  Treaty  o^Uxbridge.     iHis  Majefty  had  ^^^'';^§'^' 
fent  the  two  Moufes  fundry  Propofitions  for  Peace    ^  ^'' 
laft  Summer,  which  took  them  up  a  great  deal  of 
Time  to  form  into  Propofitions  for  his  Majefty's  Af- 
fent.  The  CommifTioners  were  two  Lords,  four  Com- 
moners, and  thofc  of  the  Scots  Commiflloners  ;   they  

arrived  at  Oxford  Nov.  26.  but  though  the  King  had 
given  them   a  (ik  Condudl,  Mr.  Wbitlock  obferves, 
ihey  met  wiih  very  rude  Treatment  from  the  Popu- 
lace,   who  faluted  them   as  they   paffed  along  the 
Streets  with  the  Names  of  Traytors,  Rogiie<,  and  Re- 
bds,  throwing  Stones  and    Dirt  into  their  Coaches  ; 
when  they  came  to  their  Inn  they  were  infulied  by  the 
Soldiers,  fo  that  they  were  obliged  to  fhut  up  the 
Doors  till  the  King  ordered  them  a  Guard.  When  they  WhUIoct, 
delivered    their    Propofitions,    his   Majefty   received P  ^H- 
them  but  coldly  •,  and  becaufe  they  were  only  to  re- 
ceive his  Anfwer,   told  them,  a  Letter  Carrier  might 
have  done  ai  i^ell,     Ne:^t  pay  his  Majefty  oave  them 

his 


2^0  r.^^  HISTORY         Vol.  Ill 

King    his  Anfwer  in  writing  fealed  up  ;  and  when  they  de- 
Charles  I.  fired  to  fee  it,  he  replied  with  a  Frown,  JVhat  is  it  to 
yl^^li^  you,  who  are  hut  to  carry  ivhat  I  /end  ;  if  I  will  fend  ths 
Song  of  Robin  Hood,  or  Little  John,  you  mufi  carry 
it.     But  at  length  they  obtained  a  Copy,  which  was 
only  to  defire  a  fafe  Condud  for  the  Duke  of  Lenox 
and  Earl  o^  Southampton  to  come  to  London  with  his 
Majefty's  Anfwer  -,  but  the  l^etter  not  being  direded 
to  the  Parliament  of  England,  the  Houfes  would  not 
confent  but  upon  that  Condition.     The  King's  Coun- 
cil advifed  him  to  yield,  but  could  not  prevail,  till 
his  Majefty  had  found  out  an  Evafion,  and  enter'd  it 
'  upon  Record  in  the  Council  Books,  as  apoears  by  his 

Letter  to  the  Queen,  dated  Jan.  2.  in  which  he  fays, 
KingsCa-'-'-  T\\2i\i  his  calling  them  a  Parliament  did  net  imply 
linei  open- a  j^ig  acknowledging  them  as  fuch  -,  upon  which  Con- 
wh'tl  k  "  fts'uftion,  and  no  other  (fays  he)  I  called  them, 
p^  2,--,  '"  as  it  is  regifter'd  in  the  Councils-Books,  and  if 
*'  there  had  been  but  two  of  my  Opinion  (fays  the 
*'  Kingj  I  would  not  have  done  it."  In  another  in- 
tercepted Letter  to  the  Queen  he  tells  her,  "  He 
*'  could  not  prevail  with  his  Parliament  at  Oxford  to 
*'  vote  thofe  at  IVeilminfler  no  Parliament,  but  af- 
"  fures  her,  he  would  not  make  Peace  wuhout  her 
'*  Approbation ,  nor  go  one  Jot  beyond  the  Pa- 
*'  per  fhe  fent  him.*'  In  another  the  King  in- 
forms his  Queen,  "  That  the  Parliament  were  fend- 
"  ing  him  Propofitions  for  Peace,  which  if  she 
*'  L  I  K  E  s,  he  thinks  may  be  the  beft  way  for 
"  Settlement  as  Things  ftand  ;  "  fo  that  the  Face 
"of  England  was  to  be  determin'd  by  the  Queen  and 
her  Popifli  Council.  Befides,  his  Majefty  was  un- 
happily elevated  at  this  Time  by  the  Divifions  at 
TVejlmin[ler^  which  produced  the  new  Modeling  the 
Army  *,  and  with  a  falfe  and  fomantick  Account  of 
the  Succeffes  of  the  Marquis  of  Montrofs  in  Scotland, 
which  were  fo  magnified,  that  it  was  expefted  the 
Scots  muft  immediately  march  back  into  their  own 
Country  *,  whereas,  in  reality,  they  were  not  fo  con- 

fiderable. 


Chap.V.       of  the  Pv  KIT  Ai^s.  ijl 

fiderablc,  as  to  oblige  them  to  draw  off  a  fingie  Re-     Khg 
gimenr.  Charles  J. 

In  this  Situation  of  Affairs  it  was  agreed,  according  i^^'^;^ 
to  the  Propolals  of  the  King*s  Commiffioncrs,  that       "' 
ihere  fhould  be  a  Treaty  of  Peace  at  Uxbridge,  to 
Commence  Jitfi.  qo.   164*.  and   to  continue  twenty 
Days. 

There  were  fixteen  Commiffioners  for  the  King,  t/V  Cow- 
('viz.)  nine  Lords,  fix  Commoners,  and  one  Divine  ; '"#<'«f»''» 
twelve  for  the  Parliament,  and  ten  for  the  6'i:;?/j,  and 
one  Divine,  (viz.)  Mr.  Henderfon  ;  the  King's  Divine 
was  Dr.  Steward,  who  was  affifted  by  Dr.  Sheldon^ 
■Lanes ^  Fern,  Potter^  and  Hatnifiond.  Affiftant  Di- 
vines for  the  Parliament  were  Mr.  Vines.,  Marjhal^ 
Cbeynel,  and  Cbiefh.  Thefe  with  their  Retinue,  to 
the  Number  of  one  Hundred  and  eight  Perfons,  were 
included  in  the  fafe  Condudt. 

The  Propofitions  to  be  treated  of  v/ ere  Religion, 
the  Militia,  and  Ireland ;  each  of  which  were  to  be 
debated  three  Days  fucceffiveJy,  till  the  twenty  Days 
were  expired. 

The  Treaty  was  preceeded  by  a  Day  of  Fading  and  Treat)  le- 
Prayer  on  both  Sides  foraBleffing,  but  was  interrupted S'"'* 
the  very  firft  Day,  by  a  Sermon  preached  occafionally 
in  the  Church  of  Uxbrid^e  by  Mr.  Love,  then  Preach- 
er to  the  Garrifon  of  PVindfor,  wherein  he  had  faid, 
that  they  [his  Majefty's  Commiffioners]  came  thither y^v-'^^^^"^ 
with  Hearts  full  of  Blood,  and  that  there  was  as  great  a^'^"'""' 
Diftance  between  this  Treaty  and  Peace,  as  betzveen  Hea- 
ven and  Hell.     The  Commiffioners  having  complain- ^^"g'l'^''^'* 
ed  of  him  next  Day,  the  Parliament  Commiffioners  J^J'^^J'''"'-^^ 
laid  it  before  the  two  Houfes,  who  lent  tor  him  to    '"'^^l!^  ' 
London,   where  he  gave  this  Account  of  the  Affair  i 
that  the   People  being  under  a  Difappointment  at 
their  Lecflure,  he  was  defired  unexpecfledly  to  give 
them  a  Sermon  ;  which  was  the  fame  he  had  preach- 
ed at  Windfor  the  Day  before.  He  admits  that  he  cau- 
tioned the  People  not  to  have  too  great  a  Dependance 
upon    the  Treaty,    becaufe,    *'  whilft  our  Enemies  ^ 

*'  (fays  ^ 


25^  r/j^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

Kwg  "  (Ta^s  he)  goon  in  their  wicked  Pradices,  and  we 
(Charles  I.  cc  j^eep  to  our  Principles,  we  may  as  foon  make  Fire 
^i^^A^  **  and  Water  to  agree  j  and  I  had  almoft  faid,  re- 
"  concile  Heaven  and  Hell,  as  their  Spirits  and 
*'  ours.  They  muft  grow  better,  or  we  muil  grow 
"  worfe,  before  'tis  poflible  for  us  to  agree."  He 
added  further,  "  That  there  was  a  Generation  of 
"  Men  that  carried  Blood  and  Revenge  in  their 
•'  Hearts  againft  the  well  affedted  in  the  Nation, 
*'  who  hated  not  only  their  Bodies  but  their  Souls, 
*'  and  in  their  Cups  would  drink  an  Health  to  their 
"  Damnation."  Though  there  might  be  fome 
Truth  in  what  the  Preacher  faid,  yet  thefe  ExprefTi- 
ons  were  unbecoming  a  private  Perfon  in  fo  nice  a 
Conjundture ;  he  was  therefore  confined  to  his  Houfe 
during  the  Treaty,  and  then  difcharged. 
Rapin,  It  was  loo  evident,  that  neither  Party  come  to  the 
-p.  i7S.  Treaty  with  a  healing  Spirit ;  the  King's  Commif- 
fioners  were  under  fuch  Reftraints,  that  little  good 
was  to  be  expedled  from  them,  and  the  Parliament 
Commillioners  would  place  no  manner  of  Confidence 
in  his  Maje(ly*s  Promifes,  nor  abate  any  Thing  of  a 
lull  Security  for  themfelves  and  the  Conflitution. 
The  King  therefore,  in  his  Lecter  to  the  Queen  of 
Jafj.  22.  affures  her  of  the  utter  Improbability  that 
this  prefent  Treaty  fhould  produce  a  Peace,  "  Confi- 
'«  dering  the  great,  and  ftrange  Difference,  if  not  con- 
«'  trariety  of  Grounds  that  were  bei  ween  the  Rebels 
*'  Propofuions  and  his  ;  and  that  I  cannot  alter  mine, 
*'  nor  will  they  ever  theirs,  but  by  force." 
of  the  Mi-  We  fhall  but  jufl  mem  ion  the  Propofuions  relating 
iitia.  to  the  Militia  and  Ireland,  our  principal  View  being 
to  Religion.  The  King's  Commiffjoners  propoled  lo 
put  the  Militia  into  the  Hands  of  Trvstees  for  three 
Tears^  half  to  be  named  l?y  the  King,  and  half  by  the  Par- 
liament,  and  then  to  revert  abfolutely  to  the  Crown  on  pain 
of  Highl'yeafon.  But  the  Parliament  Commiflioncrs 
replied,  that  by  the  King's  naming  half  the  Commif- 
fjoners  the  Milicia  would  be  render'd  unadive,  and 

that 


Chap.  V.       of  the  V  MIL  IT  An  ^\  253 

that  afcer  three  Years  they  fliould  be  in  a  woffe  Con-    J^irig 
dition  than  before  the  War  ;  they  therefore  propo-^'^^''^"  ^• 
fed,  that  the  Parliament  fhould  name  the  Com7nil[wners  ^^^^^^ 
for  [even  Tears,  and  then  to  be  fettled  as  the  King  tf;/^Rapin,    ' 
Parliament  Jhould  agree,  or  elfe  to  limit  their  No?nination^.  aSj, 
to  three  7'ears  after  the  King  and  Parliament  fhould  de- 
clare the  Kingdom  to  he  in  a  fettled  Peace.     It  had  been 
eafy   to  form  this  Propofition,    fo  as  both  Parties 
might  have  complied  with  Honour  and  Safety,  if  they 
had  been  in  earneft  for  an  Accommodation  j  buc  his 
Majefty's  Commiflioners  could  yield  no  further. 

As  to  Ireland,  the  King's  Commiflioners  juftificdo/Ir^land. 
his  Majefty's  Proceedings  in  the  Ceflation,  and  in 
fending  for  the  Rebels  over  to  fill  up  his  Armies; 
and  when  the  CommifTioners  on  the  other  fide  put 
them  in  mind  of  his  Majefty's  folemn  Promifes  to 
leave  that  Affair  to  the  Parliament,  and  to  have 
thofe  Rebels  punifhed  according  to  Law  *,  the  others 
replied,  "  They  wifhed  it  was  in  his  Majefty's  Power 
*'  to  punifh  all  Rebellion  according  as  it  deferved  5 
"  but  fince  ic  was  otherwife,  he  muft  condefcend  to 
*'  Treaties,  and  to  all  other  Expedients  neceffary  to 
"  reduce  his  rebellious  Subjects  to  their  Duty  and 
*'  Obedience."  Admirable  Arguments  to  induce 
the  Parliament  to  put  the  Sword  into  the  King's 
Hands! 

The  Article  of  Religion  was,  in  the  Opinion  ofofReJ/gi-{ 
Lord  clarendon,  of  lefs  Confequence  with  many  in  the""- 
Parliament  Houfe,  for  if  they  could  have  obtained  a 
Security  for  their  Lives  and  Fortunes,  he  apprehends  this 
might  have  been  accommodated,  tho',  confidering  the 
Influence  of  the  Sects,  and  the  growing  Strength  of  the 
Prefbyterian  and  Independant  Parties,  'cis  very  much 
to  be  doubted.  However,  this  being  the  firft  Thing 
debated  in  the  Treaty,  and  a  Church  Controverfy,  ic 
will  be  proper  to  repreftnt  the  Inftruclions  on  both 
Sides.  While  this  w.is  upon  the  Carpet  Dr.  StCiVard, 
Clerk  of  the  Clofct,  and  a  Commiflloner  for  the 
King,  fat  covered  without  the  Bar,  behind  the  Com- 
mifTioners i 


254  r>6^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

King  rniflloners  i  as  did  Mr .  Henderfon  behind  thofe  of  the 
^it^l  ^' Parliament.  The  Affiftant  Divines  were  prefent  in 
^,^jr'>^/^  Places  appointed  for  them,  oppofice  to  each  other. 
King  sin-  His  Majefty's  Inftrudjons  to  his  Commiffioners  on 
firuBions  the  Head  of  Religion  were  thefe  :  "  Here  (Tays  the 
iohiscom-^,  Y^-^  the  Government  of  the  Church  will  be  the 
Rulhvv.  chiet  Qaeltion,  wherein  two  Things  are  to  be  con-- 

Vol.  V.     "  fidered.  Conscience  and  Polk)  \  for  the  Firfl^  I  mull 
p.  887.     "  declare,  that  I  can't  yield  to  the  Change  of  the 
*'  Government  by  Bifhops,  not  only  becaufe  I  fully 
*'  concur  with  the  moft  general  Opinion  of  Chrifti- 
•'  ans  in  all   Ages,    in  Epifcopacy's  being   the  beft 
"  Government,  but  likewife  1  hold  my  felf  particu- 
"  larly  bound  by  the  Oath  I  took  at  my  Coronation, 
"  not  to  alter  the  Government  of  this  Church  from 
*'  what  I  found  it  -,  and  as  for  the  Church  Patrimo- 
**  ny,  I  can't  fufifer  any  Diminution  or  Alienation 
"  of   it,   it   being,   without  peradventure.  Sacrilege, 
"  and  Jikewil'e  contrary  to  my  Coronation   Oath  ; 
*'   but  whatfoever  fhall  be  offered  for  rcd:ifying  Abu- 
"  fes,  if  any  have  crept  in,  or  for  the  Eafe  of  ten- 
<^«  der  Confciences,  (provided  the  Foundation  be  not 
*'  damaged^  I  am  content  to  hear,  and  willing   to 
"  return  a  gracious  Anfwer.     Touching  the  Second^ 
"  That  is  the   Point  of  Policy,  as  it  is  the  King's. 
"  Duty  to  protecft  the  Church,  fo  the  Church  is  re- 
"  ciprocally  bound  to  afTift  the  King  in  the  Maintc- 
*'  nance  of  his  jiift"  Authority.     Upon  thefe  Views 
<'  my  PredecefTors  have   been  always  careful  (cfj-Cr 
"  cially  fince  the  Reformation)  to  keep  the  Deptn- 
"  dence  of  the  Clergy  entirely    upon   the   Crown, 
*«  without  which  it  will  fcarce  fct  faft  on  the  King's 
"   Head,  therefore  you  mud  do  nothing  to  change 
<»  or  leflen  this  natural  Depcndance." 
Varlia-  The  Commiffioners  from  the  two  Houfes  of  Pnr- 

ment's  In-  li^-^ment  at  IVeJiminJler,  infte^d  of  being  initrucled  to 
firuBions.  ^j.^^j.  jjj^Qm  a  Reformation  of  the  Hierarchy,  were  or- 
^"766.^'  dered  to  demand  the  pafling  of  a  Bill  for  aboliiliing 
and  taking  away  Epifcopal  Government  j  for  con- 
firming 


Chap.V.        of  the  Vv  KIT  AH  s.  25^ 

firm-ng  the  Ordinance  for  the  Calling  and  Sitting  of     Ki»g 
the  Alr^mbly  of  Divines  j    that   the  Direftory  for  Charles  I. 
p'jblick  Worfliip,  and  the   Propofitions  concerning     ^^'^'' 
Church  Government,    hereunto    annexed,    be  con-,'*''V^**^ 
firmed  as  a   Part   of  Reforn"i:uion  of  Religion  and 
Uniformity  ;  that  his  Majefty  take  the  Soldmn  League 
and   Covenant^    and   tliat  an    A(5t  of  Parliament   be 
pafltd,  enjoining  the  taking   it  by  all  the  Subjedls  of 
the  three  Kingdoms. 

The  Propofitions  annex*d  to  thefe  Demands  were 
thefe  (viz.)  "  That  the  ordinary  Way  of  dividing 
*'  Chriftians  into  dill incft  Congregations,  as  mofl  ex- 
"  pedient  for  Edification,  be  by  the  refpedlive  Bounds 
"  of  their  Dwellings. 

"  That  the  Miniders,  and  other  Church-Officers 
*'  in  each  particular  Congregation,  fhall  join  in  the 
•'  Government  of  the  Church  in  fuch  manner  as  fhall 
"  be  eftabliHied  by  Parliament. 

"  That  many  Congregations  fhall  be  under  one 
"  Prelbyterial  Government. 

"  That  the  Church  be  governed  by  Congrega- 
**  tional,  Clafllcal,  and  Synodical  AiTemblies,  in 
"  fuch  manner  as  fhall  be  eftablifhed  by  Parlia- 
'•  menr. 

"  That  Synodical  AiTemblies  Ihall  confift  both  of 
*'   Provincial  and  National  AiTemblies." 

One  may  eafilyobferve  the  Diftance  between  the  In- 
ftrudionsof  the  two  Parties  •,  one  being  determined  to 
maintain  Epifcopacy,  and  the  other  no  lefs  refoiutc 
for  eflabliflaing  Prefbyrery.  After  feveral  Papers  had 
pafb  between  the  Com nuffi oners,  about  the  Bill  for 
taking  away  Epifcopacy,  it  was  debaied  by  the  Di- 
vines for  two  Days  together. 

Mr.  Henderjon,  in  a  labour'd  Speech,  endeavour'd -?^^'•  Hen- 
to  fhew  the  NccefTuy   cf  changing  the  Government '^"-'^'^'''•^ 
of  the  Church  for    the    Prefervat;on    of    the   S  ate.*^^'";  p" 

*. "  That  now  the  Queirion  was   nor,    whether  cia--. 

*'  the  Government  of  the  Church    by  Bifhops  was  Vol.  li. 
**  lawful,  but  whether  it  was  fo  neccflary  that  Chrj-P-  !;^4- 

"  ftianity 


2^6  neUlSrORY         Vol.  lit 

Kttjg    <e  flianlty  could  not  fubfift  without  it?  — «  That  this 

Charles  I.sc  Jitter  Pofition  could  not  be  maintained  in  the  Affir- 

^J^^^ "  mative,  without  condemning  all  other  reformed 

"^  ««  Churches  in  Europe.         ■  That  the  Parliament  of 

*'  England  had  found  Epifcopacy  a  very  inconvenient 

'«  and  corrupt  Government •  That  the  Hierar- 

"  chy  had  been  a  publick  Grievance  from  the  Re- 
«'  formation  downwards  —  That  the  Bifhops  had 
«'  always  abetted  Popery,  had  retained  many  fuper- 
«'  flltious  Rites  and  Cuiloms  in  their  WorOiip  and 
«'  Government  •,  and  over  and  above  had  lately 
"  brought  in  a  great  many  Novelties  into  the  Church, 
««  and  made  a  nearer  Approach  to  the  Roman  Com- 
«'  munion,  to  the  great  Scandal  of  the  Proteftanc 
«'  Churches  of-  Germany^  France,  Scotland^  and  HoU 
<«  land.  That  the  Prelates  had  embroil'd  the  Britijb 
«  Ifland,  and  made  the  two  Nations  of  England  and 
««  Scotland  fall  foul  upon  each  other.  -■  That  the 
"  Rebellion  in  Ireland,  and  the  Civil  War  in  England, 
«'  may  be  charged  upon  them  —  That  for  thefe 
<*  Reafons  the  Parliament  had  refolved  to  change  this 
*'  inconvenient,  mifchievous  Government,  and  fee 
«*  up  another  in  the  Room  of  it,  more  naturally  form*d 
«  for  the  Advancement  of  Piety —  That  this  Alte- 
<*  ration  was  the  bed  Expedient  to  unite  all  Pro- 
*'  teftant  Churches,  and  extinguidi  the  Remains  of 

"  Popery  •   He    hoped    therefore    the    King 

«'  would   concur  in   fo  commendable  and  godly  an 

*'  Undertaking  ;  and  conceived   his   Majefty's  Con- 

*«  fcience  could  not  be  urged  againft  fuch  a  Compli- 

*'  ance,  becaufe  he  had  already  done  it  in  Scotland  ; 

*'  nor  could  he  believe  that  Epifcopacy  was  abfolute- 

«'  ly  neceffary  to  the  Support  of  the  Chriftian  Re- 

*'  lig'on." 

DcBor  Dr.  Steward,  Clerk  of  the  King's  Clofet,  addref- 

gcevvard'j  fjj^g  himfelf  to  the  Commiffioners,    repiied,    "  He 

^^Ph-       <c  l^new  their    Lordfhips  were   too  well   acquainted 

«'  with  the  Conftiiution  of  the  Church  o(  Ergland, 

«  and  the  Bifis  upon  which  it  ftood,  to  imagine  it 

2  *'  could 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Puritans^  257 

«f  could  be  fhaken  by  the  Force  of  Mr.  Henderfon*i    King 
**  Rhetorick — -That  he  was  firmly  of  Opinion, ^^^^^"  ^' 
*'  that  a  Government,  which  from  the  firft  Planting  ^L^;^, 
"  of  Chriftianity  in  England  had  continued  without  ^ 

*'  Interruption  *,    that    a  Government    under  which 
**  Chriftianity  had  fpread  and  flourilhed  to  a  remark-  " 
"  able  Degree,  could  have  nothing  Vicious  or  Anti- 
**  chriftian   in    its  Frame ;  that  he  expeded,  thac 
*«  thofe  who  had  fworn  themfelves  to  an  Abolition ' 
'*  of  this  primitive  Conditiuion,  and  came  hither  to* 
"  perfwade  their  Lordfhips   and    his  Majeily  to  a ' 
<*  Concurrence,  would  have  endeavoured  to  prove' 
"  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  that  Government  they  preifed 
**  fo  ftrongly  to  remove  — ^  But'though  in  their  Ser- 
«*  mons  and   Prints  they  gave  Epifcopacy  an  Anti- 
*'  chriftian  Addition,  Mr.  Hcnderfon  had  prudently- 
*«  declined  charging  fo  deep, -and  only  argued  front  ■ 
««  the  Inconveniencies  of  that  Governmient,  and  the- 
"  Advantages  which  would  be  confequent  on  an  Al- 
*<  teration  —  Forafmuch  as  an  Union  with  the  Pro-' 
"  teftant  Churches  abroad  was  the  chief  Reafon  for- 
**  this  Change,  the  Doctor  defired  to  know  what  fo- 
*'  reign  Church  they  defigned  for  a  Pattern —  Thac 
«'  he  was  fure  the  Model  in  the  tiiretlorj  had  no  greac ' 
"  Refemblance  to  any  foreign  refbrm'd  Church — . 
*'  And  though  he  would  not  enter  upon  a  Cenfure  of 
"  thofe  Communions,    yet  it  was  well  known  thai: 
*'  the  moft  learned  Men  of  thofe  Churches  had  k- 
"  mented  a'Defed  in  their  Reformation  j  and  that' 
**  the  want  of  Eprfcopacy  was  an  unhappy  Circum-" 
"  ftance  —  That  they  had  always  paid  a  particular 
"  Reverence  to  the  Church  ofJ^j^gland,  and  look'd' 
*'  on  it  as  the  moft  perfed;  Conftitution,    upon  the" 
"  Score  of  its  having  rerained  all  that  was  venerabltf 
*'  in  Antiquity  —  From  hence  he  proceeded  to  en- 
"  large  upon  the  ApoftolicalTnftitution  of  Epifco- 
"  pacy,    and  endeavoured  to  prove,    that   without 
"  Biftiops  the  facerdoul  Character  could  not  be  con- 
YoL.  III.  S  *'  veyed. 


25^8  !r/j^  HISTORY       yoi.in- 

Kifjg  .  *'  veyedj  *nor  the  Sacramems  adminillred  to  any  Sig- 

cjiarie^s  Lu  nificancy.         '       , 

S^i>-^1^  "^.  As  to  his  Majefty's  confenting  to  put  down  Epif- 
"  copacy  in  Scollafid  ht  would  hy  nothing,  though, 
"  he  knew  his  Majefty's  prefent  Thoughts  upon  that 
*'  Sufejied.  But  heobferved  that  the  King  was  fur- 
**  ther  obliged  in  this  Kingdom  than  in  the  other  i 
"  that  in  England  he  was  tied  by  his  Coronation  Oath 
•'  to  maintain  the  Rights  of  the  Church,  and  that 
*'  this  lingle  Engagement  was  a  Reftraint  upon  his 
*'  Majefty's  Confcience,  not  to  confenc  to  the  Abo- 
*'  Jition  of  Epiicopacyj  or  the  Alienation  of  Church 
*'  Lands."  :j  3:-t::.t  .-nsvoTj  :.,.'h  '' 

Mr.  Henderfon  and  Mr.  Marjhal  declared  it  to  hi 
falfe-  in  fa^,  and  a  dotvnrighl  Impofition  upon  the  Com- 
miffjoners^  theit  the  foreign  Proteft ants  latnented  the  Wa.nl  ^ 
cfEpfcopacy,  and  efteemed  our  Conftitution  more  perfeEl . 
than,  their  own.     They  then  ran  out  into  a  high  Com■^• 
mendatjon  qi  Prejhyt^rial  Government,  as  that  which 
had  the  only  claim  to  a  di'vine  Right.     Upon  which 
the  Marquis  of  Hertford  fpoke  to  this  Effedj  ^,;,. 


Kufhw. 
p.  84S'. 


M^  Lords,  _  . 


*'\;TJ^RE  is  much  faid  concerning  Church  Go-? 
"  J.  A  vernment  in  the  general ;  the  Reverend  Do- 
*'  dors  on  the-  King's  Pajt.affirm,  that  Epifcopacy 
**:  is  JureDivino;  the;  Reverend  Minjfters  on  the 
".  other  Part  affirm,  that  Prefbytery  is  Jure  Divino  ; 
*'  for  my  Part,  1  think  neither  the  oneiior  rthe  other, 
*'  nor  any  Government  whatfoever  to  be  Jure  Divi-- 
*-  ?it^.>  and  I.  defire  we.  may  leave  this  Argnmenc, 
*.'  and  pr^oceed  to  debate  on  the  particular- Propo- 
•'  fals.'*:  .      ,  ,       .- 

f  rl  <LV.  lo  310 jr:  .' ' 
•  Ov.Ste'd^jirddt^u^d  [hey  might  dirpute;5\'//ogi,'?fr^//y,. 

as.bec.njne  Scholars,  to  which  Mr.  Ilendcrfon  readily 

agreed^-   In  that, Way    they  proceeded  about   two 

l3iys  >  .the.Poinis  urged  by  the  King's  DG(5lors  were 

..•,.-  .    ftrongly 


Chap.  V.        of  the  Vu  KIT  Ai^  9^  2^J 

ftrongly  oppofed  by  Mr.  Hendcrfon,    Mr.  MarfhaU    K'^r  ' 
and  Mr,  FifieSy  and  very  learnedly  replied  to  by  his ^^''''■^"  ^' 
Majefl:y*s  Divines,  who  feverally  declared  their  Judg-  v,^t-^ 
mencs  upon  the  Apoftolical  Inflicution  of  Epilcopa- 
cy  ;   but  neither  Party  were  convinced  or  fatisfied. 

When  the  Debate  concerning  Religion  came  on  a 
fecond  Time,  his  Majefly's  Commiirioners  delivered 
in  their  Anfwer  to  the  Parliament's  Demands* in  wri- 
ting, with  their  Reafons  why  they  could  not  confenc 
to  the  Bill  for  abolifliing  Epifcopacy,  and  eftablifli- 
ing  the  Diredlory  in  the  Room  of  the  Common  Pray- 
er, nor  advife  his  Majefty  to  take  the  Covenant :  Buc 
for  the  uniung  and  reconciling  all  Differences  in  Mat- 
ters of  Religion,  and  procuring  a  blefled  Peace,  they 
were  willing  to  confent, 

(i.)  "  That  Freedom  be  left  to  all  Perfons,  of  what-K^'^^'-' 
*«  Opinion   foever,    in  Matters  of  Ceremony,    and'^"^^'""*- 
*'  that  all  the  Penalties  of  the  Laws  and  CuIloms^"g77* 
"  which  enjoin  thofe  Ceremonies  be  fufpended.  818."* 

(2.)  "  That  the  Bifhop  fhall  exercife  no  Acl  ofDu^dale, 
"  Jurifdidlion  or  Ordination,    without  the  ConfentP»7^°* 
"  and  Counfel  of  the  Prefbyters,  who  fhall  be  cho- 
*'  fen  by  the  Clergy  of  each  Diocefe,  out  of  the  moft 
"  learned  and  grave  Minifters  of  the  Diocefe. 

(3.)  "  That  the  Bifhop  keep  his  conftant  Refi- 
"  dence  in  his  Diocefe,  except  when  he  fhall  be  re- 
*'  quired  by  his  Majefty  to  attend  him  on  any  Occa- 
''  fion,  and  that  (if  he  be  not  hinder'd  by  the  Infir- 
*'  mities  of  old  Age,  or  Sicknefs)  he  preach  every 
*'  Sunday  in  fome  Church  within  his  Diocefe. 

C4.)  "  That  the  Ordination  of  Minifters  fhall  be 
**  always  in  a  publick  and  folemn  Manner,  and  ve- 
"  ry  ft ri6t  Rules  obferved  concerning  theSufficiency, 
**  and  other  Qualifications  of  thofe  Men  who  fhall 
•'  be  received  into  holy  Orders,  and  tlie  BifhoDS^ 
*'  fnall  not  receive  any  into  holy  Orders,  without  the 
"  Approbation  and  Confenc  of  the  Prefbyters,  or 
•'  the  major  Pare  of  them. 

S.2  '  (5.) 


26o  27jrHl  STORY  Vol.IIL 

K.'ffg        (5.J  «  That  a  competent  Maintenance  and  Provi- 

Chajk|r.«  jPjq^  ^^g  eftablifted  by  Ad:  of  Parliament,  to  fuch 

v^-Y^^  *'  Vicarages  as  belong  to  Bifhops,  Deans,  and  Chap- 

"  ters,  out  of  the  Impropriations,  and  according  to 

«'  the  Value  of  thofe  Impropriations  of  the  feveral 

"  Parifhes. 

(6.)  "  That  for  Time  to  come  no  Man  fhall  be 
**  capable  of  two  Parfonages  or  Vicarages,  witK 
*'  Cure  of  Souls. 

(y.)  *«  That  towards  fettling  the  publick  Peace, 
"  one  hundred  Thoufand  Pounds  (hall  be  raifed  by 
«*  Ad:  of  Parliament,  out  of  the  Eftates  of  Bifhops, 
*'  Deans,  and  Chapters,  in  fuch  manner  as  fhall  be 
*'  thought  fit  by  the  King  and  two  Houfes  of  Par- 
♦'  liament,  without  the  Alienation  of  any  of  the  faid 
**  Lands. 

(8.)  *'  That  the  Jurifdidion  in  Caufes  Teftamen- 
"  tary,  Decimal,  Matrimonial,  be  fettled  in  fuch 
**  manner  as  lliail  feem  moft  convenient  by  the  King 
''  and  two  Houfes  of  Parliament. 

(9,)  *'  That  one  or  more  Ad:s  of  Parliament  be" 
*'  paflfed  for  regulating  of  Vifitations,  and  againft 
•*  immoderate  Fees  in  Ecclefiaftical  Courts,  and 
*'  Abufes  by  frivolous  Excommunications,  and  all 
•'  other  Abufes- in  the  Exercife  of  Ecclefiaftical  Ju- 
*'  rifdidion,  in  fuch  manner  as  fliall  be  agreed  up- 
"  on  by  the  King  and  both  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
«'  ment. 

"  And  if  your  Lordfhips  fliall  infill  upon  any 
*'  other  Thing,  which  your  LordOiips  fliall  think 
"  ncceflary  for  Reformation,  we  (liall  very  willingly 
*'  ajjply  our  felves  to  the  Confideration  thereof" 
But  they  abfolutcly  refufed  their  'Confent  to  the 
main  Points  {z'iz.)  the  abolilhiing  Epifcopacy,  efta- 
blifhing  the  Diredory,  confirming  the  AfTembly  of 
Divine.^-,  and  taking  the  Covenant. 

Kmat^s,       Mr.  Rapin  obferves  upon  the  firft  of  thefe  Concef-* 
fi©ns,  that  fince  the  penal  Laws  were  not  to  be  abo- 

'  liflied, 


Chap.  V.        of  tbe  VuRiT  AN  s.  2.^^ 

liflied,  but  only  fufpended,  it  would  be  in  the  King's    -K?",? 
Power  to    take    off   the   Sufpenfion   whenfoever    he^^^""'^'*  ^* 
plcaled.     Upon  the  third,    fourth,    and  fifth,    that^^t^ 
they  were  To  reafonable  and  necelTary,  that  it  was  noc 
for  the  King's  Honour  to  let  them  be  confidered  as  a 
Condefcenfion  to  promote  the  Peace  ;  and  the  Re- 
mainder, depending  upon  the  joint  Confent  of  King 
and  Parliament,  after  a  Peace,  it  would  always  be  in 
the  King's  Breaft  to  give  or  with-hold  his  Afient,  as 
he  thought  fit. 

The  Commiflioners  for  the  Parliament  replied  to^-"'^';'- 
thefe  Conceflions,  that  they  were  fo  many  new  Pro-""^'''^ 
pofitions,    wholly  different  from  what  they  had  pro-j^^'V.Jgi^ 
pos'd,  that  they  contained  li'tle  or  notiiing,  but  whatp.  8S5. ' 
they  were  already  in  Poffeffion  of  by  the  Laws  of  the 
Land  i  that  they  v/ere  no  way  farisfadory  to  their 
Defires,    nor  confifting  'ivitb  that  Reformation  to  which 
loth  Nations  are  obliged  by  khe  Solemn  League  aJtdCo- 
venant ;  therefore  they  c^  give  no  orher  Anfwer  to 
them,  but  mufh  infill  to  defire  their  Lordfliips,  that 
the  Bill  may  be  pafs'd,  and  their  other  Demands  con- 
cerning   Religion  granted.     The  Parliament  Com- 
miffioners,  in  their  laft  Papers,  fay,  that  all  Obje- 
i^ions  in  favour  of  the  prefent  Hierarch-j^  arifing  from 
Confcience,  Law,  or  Reafon,   being  fully  anlwered, 
they  muft  now  prefs  for  a  determinate  Anfwer  to  their 
Propofition  concerning  Religion. 

I'he  King's  Commiffioners  deny,  that  their  Obje- 
^ions  againft  paffing  the  Bill  for  abolifhing  Epifco- 
pacy  have  been  anfwer'd,  or  that  they  had  received 
any  Satisfaftion  in  thofe  Particulars,  and  therefore 
cannot  confent  to  it. 

The  Parliament  Commiffioners  add,  that  after  folb. p. 7S7. 
many  Days  Debate,  and  their  making  it  appear,  how 
great  a  Hindrance  Epifcopal  Government  is,  and  has 
been  to  a  perfed:  Reformation,  and  to  the  Growth  of 
Religion  ;  and  how  prejudicial  it  has  been  to  the  State^ 
they  hoped  their  Lordfhips  would  have  been  ready  to 
anfwer  their  Expedlations. 

33  The 


262  r/'^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

K'^g        The  King's  CommifTioners  replied,  "  'tis  evident,     ' 
Charles  I.  tc  g^d  wc  conccive  confented   to   on  all  Sides,  tliac 
(^^^^^.Al^  *^  Epifcopacy  has  continued  from  the  Apoftles  Time, 
"  by  a  continued  Succeflion,  in  the  Church  of  Chrifi:, 
*'  without  IntermifTion  or  Interruption,  and  is  there- 
"  fore  Jure  Druino.'* 
Dugdale,       The  Parliament  CommifTioners  anfwer,  "  So  far 
p.  7SS.     cc  vvere  we  from  confenting  that  Epifcopacy  has  con- 
"  tinued  from  the  Apoftles  Time,  by  a  continued 
*<  Succefiion,  that  the  contrary  was  made  evident  to 
your  Lordfhips,    and  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  it  fully 
prov'd." 

lb.  p.  790,     The  King's  CommifTioners  replied,  that  they  con- 
*^''*        ceived  the  SuccefTion  of  Epifcopacy  from  the  Apoftles 
was  confented  to  on  all  Sides,  and  did  not  remember 
that  the  Unlawfulnefs  of  it  had  been  afTertcd  and  pro- 
ved.    However,  they  apprehend  all  the  Inconveni- 
cncies  of  that  Government  are  remedied  by  the  Al- 
terations which  they  had  offer'd.     Nor  had  the  Par- 
liament CommifTioners  given  them  a  View  in  parti- 
cular of  the  Government  they   would  fubftitute  in 
place  of  the  prefent ;    if  therefore  the  Alterations 
propofed  do  not  fatisfy,  they  defire  the  Matter  may 
be  fufoendcid  till  after  the  Difbanding-  the  Armies, 
and  both  King  and  Parliament  can  agree  in  calling  a 
National  Synod. 
Remarks       'fhe    abovementioned    ConcefTions    would   furely 
upon  them.  Y^^^^  been  a  fufficient  Foundation  for  Peace,  if  they 
had   been  made   twelve   Months  fooner,   before  the 
Scots  had  been  call'd  in  with  their  Solemn  League  and 
Covenant,  and  fufficient  Security  had  bsen  given  for 
their  Performance-,  but  theCommifTionersHands  were 
now  [ied  ;  the  Parliament  apprehending  themfelvts 
obliged  by  tl^e  Covenant  to  abolifh  the  Hierarchy  ; 
and  yet  if  the  CommifHoners  could  have  agreed  about 
ihe  Militia,  and   the  Punifhment  of  evil  Counfellorr, 
the  Affair  of  Religion  would  not,    in  the  Opinion  ot 
Lord  Clarendon,    have  hinder'd.the  Succefs  of  the 
Clar.       Treaty  5    his  Words  are  thcf-;-,  "  The  parliament 
P-SS^'  *'  tooic 


.  Chap.  V.       of  tbe  Pu  RiTAi^  s.'  263 

*'  took  none  of  the  Points  of  Controverfy   lefs   to     ^''^ 
*'  heart,    or  were  lefs  uniced  in  any  Thing  than  in^''*^^"  ^* 
•*  what  concern *d  the  Church  ;  the  Scots  would  have,^^^^.^1-^ 
"  given  up  every  Thing  into  the  Hands  of  liie  Kingoar. 
*'  tor  their  beloved   Prcfbytery  •,  but  many  of  thcp.  -jS-f. 
'*  Parliament  were  for  Peace,    provided  (hey  miqjH 
*'  have  Indcvinity  jor  wbri  zvas  fajl^  and  Security  for 
*'  Time  to  come.''*     And   were  not  thefe   reafonable 
Requefts  ?   Why  then  did  not  the  CommifTioners  pre- 
vail with  the  King  to  give  them  Security,'  and  divide 
the  Parliament,  or  put  an  End  to  the  War. 

The  laft  Day  of  the  Treaty  the  Parliament  conti-'^''''^'y 
nued  fitting  till  nine  of  the  Clock  at  Night,  in  hopes  "'^"'''"'^ 
of  hearing  fomething  from  their  Commiflloners  thac 
might  encourage  them  to  prolong  the  Treaty  *,  but 
when  an  Exprefs  brought  Word,  that  the  King's 
Commidloncrs  would  not  yield  to  one  of  their  Propo- 
fitions  they  broke  up  without  doing  any  Thing  iri  the 
Bufmefs.  Each  Party  laid  the  Blame  upon  the  other  ; 
the  King's  Commiflloners  complain'd,  that  the  Par- 
liament would  not  confent  to  prolong  the  Treaty  i 
and  the  others,  that  after  twenty  Days  Conference 
not  one  Propofition  had  been  yielded.'  All  fober 
Men,  and  even  fome  of  the  King's  Commiflloners, 
were  troubled  at  the  Event ;  but  confidering  the  State 
of  the  King's  Affairs,  and  his  fcrvile  Attachment  to 
the  Counfels  of  a  Popijh  ^leen^  it  v/as  eafy  to  fortfce 
it  could  not  be  otherwife. 

Bifhop  Burnet  in  the  Hiflory  of  his"  Life  and  Times,  Kecifom  of 
fays,  that  Lord  Hollis,  who  was  one  of  the  Commif-^'- 
fioners,  told  him,  *'  That  the  King's  Affairs  were 
*'  now  at  a  Crifis,  for  the  Treaty  of  Uxhricfge  gave 
*'  him  an  Opportunity  of  making  Peace  with  the 
*'  Parliament,  but  all  was  undone  by  the  unhappy 
*'  Succefs  of  the  Marquis  of  M?;//rcy5  at  this  Time  in 
«'  Scotland^  which  being  magnified  to  the  King  far 
•'  beyond  what  ic  really  was,  prevailed  with  his  Ma- 
.  «'  jefiy  to  put  fuch  Limitations  on  his  Commiflloners 
f'  as  made  the  whole  Defign  mifcarry." 

§  4.  Mc;^ 


^4  I'he  H  I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  Ilf. 

-Kivg        Mod  of  the  King's  CommifTioners  who  were  not 
Charley  ^'Cxcepted  out  of  the  Article  of  Indemnity,  were  for 
^^i^^^i^accomrnodating  Matters   before  they  left  Uxhridge. 
^        "    The  Earl  of  Southajnpton  rid   Poft  from  Uxbridge  lo 
Oxford,  to  prefs  the  King  to  yield  fomething  to  the 
NecefTity  of  the  Times  ;•  feveral  of  his  Council  prefsM 
him  to  it  on  their  Knees ;  and  'tis  faid  his  Majefty 
was  at  length  prevail'd  with,    and  appointed  nexC 
horning  to  fign  a  Warrant  to  that  Purpofe,  but  that 
Montrofs^s  romantick  Letter,-  of  his  Conqueft  in  Scot- 
land, coming  in  the  mean  Time,  made  the  unhappy 
••♦       King  alter  his  Refolution. 
.^marh.      B^t:  there  was  fomething  more  in  the  Affair  than 
this :  Lord  Clarendon  is  of  Opinion,  that  if  the  King 
had  yielded  fome  Things  to  the  Demands  of  the  Par- 
liament, relating  to  Religion,    the  Militia,  and  Ire- 
land, there  were  ftill  other  Articles  in  referve  that 
would  have  broke  off  the  Treaty  -,  in  which  I  cannot 
but  agree  with  his  Lordlhip  •,  for  not  to  mention /^j? 
giving  up  Delinquents  ■  to  the  Juftice  of  Parliament,  of 
which  himfelf  was  one,  there  had  been,  as  yet,  no 
Debate  about  the  Roman  CathoUcks,  whom  the  Par- 
jiament  would  not  tolerate,  and  the  King  was  deter- 
mined not  to  give  up,  as  appears  from  the  Corre- 
spondence between  himfelf  and  the  Queen   at  this 
Time.     In  the  Queen's  Letter,    Jan.  6.   1641^.   fhe 
Eapin,     defires  his  Majefty  "  to  have  a  Care  of  his  Honour, 
p.  27$.     ««  and  not  to  abandon  thofe  who  had  ferved  him  ~— ■ 
"  for  if  you  agree  upon  Stridnefs  againft  Roman  Ca- 
"  tholicks  it  will  difcourage  them  from  ferving  you  ; 
*'  nor  can  you  exped  Relief  from  any  Roman  Catho- 
'*  lick  Prince  <——.'*     In  her  Letter  of  Jan.  27.  fhe 
adds,  "  Above  all  have  a  Care  not  to  abandon  thofe 
"  who  have  ferved  you,  as  well  the  Bifhops  as  the 
"  poor  CathoUcks."     In  anfwer  to    which    the    King 
writes  Jan.  30.  "  I  defire  thee  to  be  confident,  that 
*'  I  fhall    never    make   Peace    by  abandoning    my 
*<  Friends."     And  Feb.  15.  "Be  confident,  that  in 
«*  making  Peace  I  fhall  ever  (hew  my  Confidence  in 

•'  ad» 


Chap.  V.       of  the  Pv  KIT  AiJ  5]  "^65 

•'  adhering  to  the  Bifhops,  and  all  our  P'riends  —  **     King 
March  5.  "  I  give  thee  Power  in  my  Name,  to  de-^'^^*^'^*  ^» 
*'  clare  to  whom  thou  thinkeft  fit,  that  I  will  take  ^Jf 'J^, 
"  away  all  the  penal  Laws  againfl  the  Roman  Ca-  Rufhw.   "* 
**  tholicks  in  E?jglaNif,     as  foon  as  God   fhall  make  Vol.  v. 
"  me  able   to   do    it,    fo    as    by    their    Means,    IP-P-f^ 
"  may  have  fo  powerful  Afliftance  as  may  deferve^"^"^'  5>46» 

*'  fo  great  a  Favour,  and  enable  me  to  do  it '    '^  ' 

As  for  Ireland,  his  Majefty  had  already  commanded 

the  Duke  of  Ormoftd,  by  his  Letter  of  Feb.  zj.  to 

make  Peace  with  the   Papifts,  coft  what   it  would. 

*'  It  the  fufpending  Poynwgs's  Adl  will  do  it  (fays  he) 

"  and  taking  away  the  penal  Laws,  I  (hall  not  think 

*'  ic  a  hard  Bargain  — —  When  the  Irijh  give  me  that^''-  P-  7isi 

"  AlTillance  they  havepromifed  I  will  confenc  to  the^'^' 

"  Repeal  by  Law." 

It  appears  from  hence,  that  the  Peace  which  the 
King  feemed  fo  much  to  defire  was  but.  an  empty 
Sound.  The  Queen  was  afraid  he  might  be  prevailed 
with  to  yield  fomething  ;  but  his  Majefly  bids  her  be 
confident  of  the  contrary,  for  his  CominiJJioners  would  not 
he  difputed  from  their  Ground.,  which  was  according  to  the 
Note /he  re?nefnbers,  and  which  he  would  not  alter.  When 
the  Treaty  was  ended  he  writes  thus  to  the  Queen, 
March  13.  "  Now  is  come  to  pafs  what  I  forefaw,  the 

"  fruitlefs  End  of  this  Treaty Now  if  I  doanyRapin," 

*'  Thing  unhandfome  to  my  felf  or  my  Friends  it  willp-  ^^^ 

"  be  my  own  fault I  was  afraid  of  being  prefTed 

•'  to  make  fome  mean  Overtures  to  renew  the  Trea- 
•'  ty,  but  now  if  it  be  renewed  it  fhall  be  to  my  Ho- 
**  nour  and  Advantage."     Such    was    the    Queen's ^-■'^''^"•' 
Afcendanc  over  the  King,  and  his  Majefty's  fervile^^°''^^^* 
Attachment  to  her  imperious  Dictates ;  the  Face  of    ^  *** 
three  Kingdoms  was  at  her  Difpofal ;  no  Place  at 
Court  or  in  the  Army  mufl  be  difpofed  of  without  her 
Allowance;  no  Peace  muft  be  made  but  upon  her 
Terms  ;  the  Oxford  mungr el  Parliament  fas  his  M.ije- 
fty  calls  itj  mull:  be  difmiiTcd  with  Difgracc,   becaufe 
chey  voted  for  Peace  j  the  IriJh  Proteltanrs  muft  be 

deftroyed 


^66  5ft^  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  im 

King  deflroyed  and  given  up,  and  the  Englijh  mufl  go  on 
Charles  I.  j-q  deftroy  each  other  with  Fire  and  Sword,  to  make 
^_j^Ji^  way  for  the  Toleration  or  Eftablifliment  of  a  Popiflt 

Religion  and  an  arbitrary  Government. 
E.  c/Gla-      As  a  farther  Demonflration  of  this  melancholy  Re- 
morgan'j  mark,  his  Majefty  authorized  the  Earl  of  Glamorgan^ 
trreaiy      by  a  Warrant  Under  his  Royal  Signer,  dated  M^rc^ 
Irifta  *'^    ^^'  '^^A-'r;  ^^  Conclude  privately  a  Peace  with  the 
Rufliw.    I^i^  Papifts  upon  the  beft  Terms  he  could,  though 
Vol.  VI.  they  were  fuch  as  his  Lieutenant  the  T>\ik&of  Ormond 
P-^?95^<^' might  not  well  be  feen  in,  nor  his  Majefty  himfelf 
Rapin,     think  fit  to  own  publickly  at  prefent,  engaging  on 
^ij'  *     the  Word  of  a  King  and  a  Chriftian,  to  ratify  and 
jJcuarts,     perform  whatfoever  he  fhouid  granc  under  his  Hand 
P«  3P5-     and  Seal,  on  Condition  they  would  fend  over  into  Efig-^ 
land  a.  Body  of  ten  Thoufand  Men,  under  the  Command 
of  the  faid  Earl.     The  Date  of  this  Vv:iTranc  is  re- 
markable,, for  it  was  at  a  Time  when  his  Majefty's 
Affairs  were  far  from  being  defperate ;  when  he  thought 
the  Divifions  in  the  Parliament-Houfe  would  quickly 
be  their  Ruin,  and  that  he  had  little  elfe  to  do  but  to 
lit  ftill  and  be  reftored    upon  his  own  Terms,    for 
which  Reafon  he  would  yield  very  little  at  the  Treaty 
of  Uxbridge  ;  and  yet  the  Earl,  by  his  Majefty's  Com^ 
mifTion,  yielded  every  Thing  to  the  Irijlj^  even  to 
the  eftablifhing  the  Roman  Catbolick  Religion,    and 
putting  it  on  a  Level  with  the  Proteftant -,  he.gave 
them  all  the  Churches  and  Revenues  they  were  pof- 
felTed  of  fmce  the  Rebellion,  and  not  only  exempted 
them  from  the  Jurifdidion  of  the  Proteftant  Clergy, 
but  allowed  them  their  own  Jurifdidion  over  their  fe- 
veral  Flocks,  fo  that  the  Reformed  Religion  in  that 
Kingdom  was  in  a  manner  fold  for  ten  Thoufand  Irijh 
Papifts  to  be  tranfported  into  England^  and  maintain- 
ed for  three  Years.     Let  the  Reader  now  judge,  what 
Profped:  there  could  be  of  a  well  grounded  Peace  by 
the  Treaty  o(  Uxbridge !    What  Security  there  was 
for  the  Proteftant  Religion  !   How  iictle  Ground  there 
was  to  rely  upon  the  King's  ^^romifcs !  and  confe- 
,,  quently> 


Chap.V.       of  the  VvRiTA^t,  267 

quently,    to  whofe  Account    the    Calamities  of  the     Kivg 
War,    and  the  Confufions  that  followed   after  this^*^^'^"  I* 
Time  ought  to  be  placed.  vJ-N'jty 

The  Day  before  the  Commencement  of  the  Treaty  ^^^Xof  ' 
ofCXv/'n^/^t' the  Members  of  the  Houfeof  Commons ;\;r. 
attended  the  Funeral  of  Mr,  John  While,  Chairman ^Vhitc, 
of  the  Grand  Committee  of  Religion,  and  PubliOicr 
of  the  Century  of  Scandalous  Miniflers  \  he  was  a 
grave   Lawyer  (fays   Lord  Clarendon)  and  made  a 
confiderable  Figure  in  his  Profeflion.     Fie  had  bcca 
one  cf  the  Fcoifees  for  buying  in  Lr-proprialions,  for 
which   he  was  cenfured  in  the  Star  Chamber.     He 
ferved  in  Parliament  for  the  Borough  of  Soulhwark  ; 
having  been  a  Puritan  from  his  Youth,  and  in  the 
Opinion  of  Mr.  IVbitlock,   an   honeft,    learned,   nnd 
faiuhful  Servant  of  the  Publick,  though  fomew hat  fe- 
vere  at  the  Committee  for  phinder'd  Miniflers.     FIe^^"^« 
died  Jan.  29.  and  was  buried  in  the  Temj^le  Church^*'" 
with  greac  P'uneral  Solemnity. 


IZZt 


C  II  A  P. 


ieS  r^^^f  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

CHAP.    VI. 

^Jbe  Frogrefs  of  the  War,     Debates  in  the  Af- 

fembly  about  Ordination,     Ihe  Power  of  the 

Keys,     '\the  divine  Right  of  Presbyterian  Go- 

tuernment.     Co?nmittees  for  Cofnprehenfion  and 

Toleration  of  the  Independants. 

King    rri HE  King's  Commiflioners  had  been  told  at  the 
Charles  I.   J^    Treaty  of  Uxbridge,  that  the  Fate  of  the  Englijb 
\J^^^  Monarchy  depended  upon  its  Succefs ;  that  if  theTreaty 
Clarend.    was  broken  off  abruptly  there  were  a  Set  of  Men  in  the 
p.  595.      Houfe  who  would  remove  the  Earl  oi  EJJex,  and  con- 
ititute  fuch  an  An?iy  as  might  force  the  Parliament 
and  King  to  confent  to  every  Thing  they  demanded, 
or  change  the  Government  into  a  Commonwealth  i 
•whereas,  if  the  King  would  yield  to  the  Neceflity  of 
the  Times,  they  might  preferve  the  General,  and 
not  only  difappoint  the  Defigns  of  the  Enemies  to 
Monarchy,  but  foon  be  in  Circumftanccs  to  enable  his 
Majpfty  to  recover  all  he  fhould  part  with.     How- 
ever, the  CommifTioners  look'd  upon  this  as  the  Lan* 
guage  of  Defpair,  and  made  his  Majefty  believe  the 
Divifions  at  PFepninfter  would  foon  replace  the  Scep- 
ter in  his  own  Iflft^» 
E,of  Effex     The  Houfe  qf  Commons  had  been  diflatisfied  with 
^emcved    ^|^g  Condua  of  the  Earls  oi  Effex  and  Mancheiler  laft 
my  new    Summer,  as  tending  to  lengthen  out  the  War,  leafl 
mpddfd.    one  Party  fhould  eitablifli  it  felf  upon  the  Ruins  of 
the  other  ;  but  the  warmer  Spirits  in  the  Houfe  fee- 
ing no  Period  of  their  Calamities  this  vvay,  appre- 
hended a  decifive  Battle  ought  to  be  fought  as  foon  as 
pofTible,  for  which  Purpofe,  after  a  folemn  Faft,   it 
was  moved  that  all  the  prefent  Officers  fliould  be  dif- 
charged,  and  the  Army  intruded  in  fuch  Hands  as 
they  could  confide  in.  Dec.  9.  it  was  refolved,  That  no 
Member  of  either  Houie  fhould  c^cecuie  any  Office 
'  Civil 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Puritans;  469 

Civil  or  Military,  during  the  prefent  War  ;  accord-  'K-ing 
ingly  the  Ordinance  commonly  called  the  Self  De-^"^"  '•> 
NYiNG  Ordinance  was  brought  in,  and  pail  the(J^Ji^, 
Commons  ten  Days  after,  bu:  was  laid  afide  by  the^^^^^ 
Lords  till  after  the  Treaty  of  Uxbridgey  when  it  was 
revived  and  carried,  with  fome  little  Oppofition. 
The  Earls  of  EJfex,  Manchefter,  TFarwick,  and  Ben- 
higby  the  Lord  Roberts,  IVUloughbyy  and  others,  were 
difmiffed  by  this  Ordinance,  and  all  Members  of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  except  Lieutenant  General 
Cromwelly  who  after  a  few  Months  was  difpenfed  with, 
at  the  Requeft  of  the  new  General.  All  the  Regi- 
ments were  difbanded,  and  fuch  only  lifted  under  the 
new  Commanders  as  were  determined  to  conquer  or. 
die.  S'wTho.  Fairfax  was  appointed  General,  and 
Oliver  Cromwell^  after  fome  Time,  Lieutenant  Ge-. 
neral  ;  the  Claufe/^r  Prefervation  of  the  King's  Perfon 
was  left  out  of  Sir  T'bomas's  Commiflion  ;  nor  did  it 
run  in  the  Name  of  the  Kif7g  and  Parliament^  but  of 
the  Parliament  only.  The  Army  confifted  of  twenty 
one  Thoufand  refolute  Soldiers,  and  was  called  in 
Contempt  by  the  Royalifts  the  new  nodell'd  Army  y 
but  their  Courage  quickly  revenged  the  Con- 
tempt. 

Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  was  a  Gentleman  of  nocharaUer 
quick   Parts  or  Elocution;  but  religious,    faithful, ef '^«  Ge- 
valianr,  and  of  a  grave,  fober,  refolved  Difpofition  ;"^''''''', 
neither  too  great,  nor  too  cunning  to  be  direfted  by^jf„ 
the  Parliament.     But  Oliver  Cromwell  was  morcp.  49. 
bold  and  afpiring  ;  and  being  a  Soldier  of  undaunted) 
Courage  and  Intrepidity,  proved  at  length  too  power-, 
lul  for  his  Mafters,  The  Army  was  more  at  his  Difpo- 
fal  than  at  Fairfax's,  and  the  Wonders  they  wrought 
fprung  chiefly  from  his  Counfels. 

When  the  old  Regiments  were  broken  the  Cha.p- R 'A ^fEn- 
lains  being  difcharged  of  Courfe,  returned  to  their'^'^/j*^-/''* 
Cures  -,  and  as  new  ones  were  formed,   the  OfScers^^.,/^^ 
applied  to  the  Parliament  and  AfTembly  for  a  frefh 
Recruit  -,  but  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  being  pof- 
2  felTed 


tjd     '  ^^^  HISTORY         Vol.  lit 

King    felted  of  warm  Benefices,  were  unwilling  to  undergo 
Charles  I- the.  Fatigues  of  another  Campaign,  or  it  may  be, 

\J^/ij  ^°  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^"  °^  ^^^^  defperate  Meafures.     This 
'^^'^  fatal  Accident  proved  the  Ruin  of  the  Caufe,  in  which 
the  Parliament  were  engaged;    for  the  Army  be- 
ing deftituce  of  Chaplains,  who  might  have  retrain- 
ed the  Irregularities  of  their  Zeal,  the  Ofticers  fet  up 
£oT  Preachers  in  their  feveral  Regiments,    depending 
upon  a  kind  of  miraculous  AfTiflanize  of  the  divine 
Spirit,  without  any  Study  or  Preparation  ;  and  when 
their  Imaginations    were    heated,    they    gave    venc 
to    the    moft    crude'  and    uhdi'gefted    Abfurdicies  -, 
nor  did  the  Evil  reft  there,  for  from  preaching  ai; 
the    Head  Of   their   Regiments,    they  took  PofTef- 
fion  of  the  Country  Pulpits  where  they  were  quar- 
tered, till  at  length  they  fpread  the  Infedion  over  the 
■whole  Nation,  and  brought  the  regular  Miniftry  inr 
to  Contempt.     Moft  of  the  common  Soldiers  were 
religious  and' orderly,  and  when  releafed  from  Duty 
fpent  their  Time  in  Prayer  and  religious  Cohferehces, 
like  Men  who  carried  their  Lives  in  their  Hands ;. 
but  for  wantof  prudent  and  regular  Inftruction,  were 
fwallowed  up  in  theI)epthsof  Enthufiafm.  Mr.  5^^:- 
/d'r  therefore  obferves  very  juftly,  "  It  was  the  Mim- 
'*  Jiers  that  loft  all  by  forfaking  the  Army,  and  be- 
'<  taking  themfelves  to  an  eafier  and  quieter  v/ay  of 
*'  Life.     When  the  Earl  of  EJ/}x*s  Army  went  out 
"  each  Regiment  had  an  able  Chaplain,  but  after 
*'•  £(^^<?-/i'/// Fight  moft  of  them  went  home,  and  left 
*'  the  Army  to  their  own  Condu6l."     But  even  after 
thedecifive  Battle  of  A'/z/^^};  he  admits,  great  Num-. 
bers  of  the  Officers  and  Soldiers  were  fober  and  ortho-^ 
dox  •,  and  from  the  lirtle  Good  which  he  did  whilft 
Eaytcr's    among  them,  concludes,  that  if  they  had  but  had  Mi- 
l-»f^>         jiijlers,  who  would  have  followed  his  Meafures,  th^- 
f*  ^^' ^^' King,    the  Parliament,    and  Religion,    might  have 
been  faved.      '  . 

Their  firiB     The  new  modeird  Troops  were  kept  under  the  fenr 
Difcq'im,  vcreft  Difciplinc,  CommifTioners  being  appointed  to 

lake 


Chap. VI.      o/"  /^f  Pit  R I  TA  N  3:  iyf. 

take  Care  that  the  Country  was  not  opprefled  i  that  no    Kin^ 
Soldiers  were  quarter'd  in  any  PJace  but  by  Appoint- ^'^^'f^"  r* 
ment  of  the  Quarter-Mafter  ;  that  ready  Money  be^^^ 
paid  for  all  Provifions  and  Ammunition  ;  every  Sol-^^^^^ 
dier  had  fix  Pence  a  Day  for  his  Diet,    and  every 
Trooper  eight  Pence.   No  Inhabitants  were  compeirci 
to  furnilh  more  Provifions  than  they  were  able  and 
willing  to  fpare,  under  the  fevereft  Penalties  ;  where-;, 
as  the  Royal  Army  having  no  regular  Pay,  lived  up- 
on the  Plunder  of  thofe  Places  that  had  the  Misfortune 
to  receive  them. 

Ma^  30.  the  King   took   the  Town  of  LelceJlerProgrefs  of 
by  Storm,  with  a  very  great  Treafure,  which  the'^^^  K^r^gi 
Country  People  had  brought  thither  for  Security,  ''^"^' 
but  his  Soldiers  divided  the  Spoil  and  treated  the  In- Whitl, 
habitants  in  a  moft  cruel  and  unmerciful  Manner  i^^*"* 
After  this  Conquefl,  his  Majefty  writ  to  the  Queen, P"  ^"f^* 
that  \\\?,,  Affairs  were  ?jever  in  fo 'hopeful  a  Pojlure fince^ 
the  Rebellion.     The   Parliament  Army  were  prepa- 
ring to  lay  Siege  to  the  City  of  Oicford,  but  upon 
News  of  this  Difafter  had  Orders  to  follow  the  King, 
and  hazard  a  Battle  at  all  Events;  whereupon  Sir  T/;<7,. 
Fairfax  petitioned  the  two  Houfes  to  difpenfe  witit 
the'ii:  Self  Denyifig  Ordinance  mih  refpedt  to  Lieutenant' 
General  Cromwell,  whofe  Courage  and  Counfels  would 
k)e  of  great  Service  in  the  prefenc  Crifis  ■■,.Cro7nwell  was^ 
accordingly  difpenfed  with  during  Pleafure-,  and  having.' 
joined  the  Army  with-fix  Hundred  Horfe  and  Dra- 
goons they  overtook  the  King,  and  gave  him  Battle 
June  14.  at  Nafeby,  about,tliree_MileisfrOiii  Harborougb 
luLeiceflerfhire,         ,:r.cA  ^'rjz^-'^^.Wo-iMV.'j'D  ■' 

The  Battle  begctn  about  ten  ift    thfe-Mtirning,  B.7///e  ^r 
and  ended  about   three  or  four  in  the.  Afternoon, Nafoby. 
in  an  abfolute  Defeac  of  the  King's  Forces,  which 
was  owing,  in  a  great  Meafure,  to  the  wife  Con^" 
du<ft,    and  Refolution  of  Lieutenant  General  Crom- 
IV ell  on  one  hand,    and  to  the  indifcreec  Fury  and 
Violence  of  Prince /^«/>^r/ on  the  other.     The   Ar-' 
jiiies.  were  pretty  equal  in  Nuoiber,  about  twelve  or 

four- 


27^  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

Kwg  fourteen  Thoufand  on  a  Side,  but  the  Parliament 
;charlcs  I- Soldiers  were  better  difciplin'd,  and  fought  with  all 
^L^i^  the  Bravery  and  Magnanimity  that  an  enthufiaftick 
'^  Zeal  could  infpire.     General  Fairfax  having  his  Hel- 

met beat  off  rode  up  and  down  the  Field  bare-headed  s 
Major  General  Skippon  received  a  Wound  in  the  Be- 
ginning of  the  Fight,  upon  which  being  defired  to 
go  off,  he  anfwered.  He  would  not  fiir  as  long  as  a 
Man  would  ft  and.     Ireton  was  run  through  the  Thigh 
with  a  Pike,  had  his  Horfe  killed  under  him,  and 
was  made  a  Prifoner,  but  found  means  to  efcape  upon 
fWhui.      the  Turn  of  the  Battle.     The  King  fiiewed  himfelf  a 
P*/'^^*     couragious  General,  but  his  Soldiers  were  ftruck  with 
Oar^nd.  -^^^^  ^  Panick,  that  when  they  were  once  difordered 
p  gjg*     they  would  never  rally,  whereas  if  the  others  were 
beaten  from  their  Ground  they  prefently  returned,  and 
kept  their  Ranks  till  they  received  new  Inftruftlons. 
'      "When  VnncQ Rupert  had  routed  Ireton'*^  left  Wing  he 
loft  his  Advantage  ;  Firft^  By  following  the  Chafe 
almoft  three  Miles,  and  then  by  trying  to  become  Ma- 
tter of  the  Train  of  Artillery,  before  he  knew  the 
Succefs  of  the  main  Body  ;  whereas  when  Cromwell  had 
broke  the  right  Wing  of  the  Enemy  he  purfued  them 
but  a  Quarter  of  a  Mile,  and  leaving  a  fmall  Party  of 
Horfe  to  prevent  their  Rallying,    returned   imme- 
diately   to    the    Battel,    and    with    his    viftorious' 
Troops  charged  the  Royal  Infantry  in  Flank,  and 
Jlapin,     drove  them  entirely  out  of  the  Field.     The  Parlia- 
^'  ^^°'     ment  Army  took  above  five  Thoufand  Prifoners ;  all 
the  King's  Train  of  Artillery,  Bag  and  Baggage,' 
with  his  Cabinet  of  Letters,  fome  of  which  were  af- 
terwards publifhed  to  the  World  -,  but  not  above  fix  or 
feven  Hundred  of  his  Men  were  killed,  with  about  one 
Hundred  and  fifty  Officers.     The  King,  with  a  Party 
of  Horfe,  fled  into  Wales^  and  Vr met  Rupert  to  Bri- 
jlol;  but  the  Parliament  Forces  purfued  t he 'r  Victo- 
ry with  fuch  Eagernefs,  and  marched  with  that  rapid 
Swiftnefs  over  the  whole  Weft  of  En^iand^  to  the  very 
Land's  End,  that  in  a  few  Months  all  the  Royal  For-^ 

ces 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Pu  RiTAHs,  273 

ces  were  difperfed,  and  his  Majefty*s  Garrifons  furren-     King 
derVI  almoft  before  they  were  fummori'd.     The  Ci-^^^""'"  ^* 
ty  of  Brijlol,  into  which  Prince  Rupert   had  thrown  ,Jr<^^ 
himfeif,  capitulated  before  the  Befiegers  approached 
the  Walls,  which  provoked  the  King  to  that  degree, 
that  he  commanded   him  by  Letter  to  dcpait  the 
Land  ;  as  did  aifo  the  Prince  oi  fVales,  for  the  Secu- 
rity of  his  Perfon  ;  fo  that  by  the  End  of  the  Cam- 
paign the  unhappy  King  was  expofed  to  the  Mercy  of 
his  Enemies,  and  (hut  up  all  the  Winter  httle  better 
than  a  Prifoner  in  his  Garrifon  oi^  Oxford. 

To  return  to  the  Affairs  of  the  Church.     When  \tParlU- 
is  recollefled  what  great  Numbers  of  Clergymen  had'"^"'^ 
deferted  to  the  King,  or  were  otherwife  dinatisfied^.^^''^^ 
with  the  new  Terms  of  Conformity,  we  muft  con-ckrgy. 
dude  ic  very  difficult  to  fupply  the  vacant  Pulpits 
in  the  Country  with  a  learned  and  regular  Clergy: 
One  of  the  Univerfities  was  entir-cly  ufelefs,  and  the 
young  Students  that  adher*d  to  the  Parliament  could 
not  obtain  Ordination   in  a  legal  Way,  becaufe  all 
the  Bifhops  were  in  the  Oppofition,  and  would  ordain 
none   but  thofe  of  their  own  Principles,  which  was 
another  Caufe  of  the  Increafe  of  unqualified  Preachers. 
To  put  fome  flop  to  the  Clamours  of  the  Royalifts, 
and  to  the  Mifchiefs  of  Lay-Preaching,  which  be- 
gan to  appear  in  the  Army,  the  Parliament  ordain- 
ed, April  26.  "  That  no  Perfon   Ihall   be  permitted ^"5^- C^^* 
to  preach  who  is  not  ordained  a  Minifler  in  this  or^"    '^'^' 
fome  other  reformed  Church,  except  fuch  as  intend 
the  Miniftry  who  fhall  be  allowed  for  the  Trial  of 
their  Gifcs,  bv  thofe  that  fhall  be  appointed  there- 
unto by  both  Houfcs  of  Parliament  j  and  ic  is  ear,- 
ntftly  defired,  that  Sir  Tho.  Fairfax  take  care,   that 
this  Ordinance  be  put  in  Execution  in  the  Army. 
It  is  further  ordered  to  be  fcnt  to  the  Lord  Mayor, 
and  Committee  of  the  Militia  in  London -f  rp  the 
Governors  anJ  Commanders  of  all   Forts,  Garri- 
fons.   Forces,  Cities  and  Towns,   with  the  like  In- 
jundion  ;    and  the  Mayor,  Sheriff?,  and  Juilices 
VoL.m.  T  ♦'  of 


274  7/j^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

king     «'  of  the  Peace,  are  to  commit  all  Offenders  to  fafe 

Charles  I.t<  Cuftody,  and  give  Notice  to  the  Parliament,  who 

^L1^  «'  will    take    a    fpeedy   Courfe    for    their    Punilh- 

"  menr.'* 
DheBory        At  the  fame  Time  the  Lords  fent  to  the  JJJembly^ 
forOrdina-^Q  prepare  a  new  Dirc5iory  for  the  Ordination  of  Mini" 
MhiLrs.  fi^^^  ^^  ^^^'^  Church  of  England,  without  the  Prefence 
'  of  a  Diocefan  Bifliop.     This  took  them  up  a  great 
deal  of  Time,    by  reafon  of  the  Oppofition  it  met 
with  from  the   Erajliaiis    and  Independants^  but  was 
at  laft  accompliflied,  and  paffed  into  an  Ordinance, 
bearing  Date  A^O'i;.  8.  1645.  and  was  to  continue  in 
force   by  way  of  Trial  for  twelve   Months ;    after 
which,  on  the  28th  of  yfz/^z// following,  it  was  pro- 
longed for  three  Years,  at  the  Expiration  of  which 
it  was  made  perpetual. 

The  Ordinance  fets  forth,  "  That  whereas  the 
Words  Frefbjter  and  BiJIoop  do  in  Scripture  fignify 
the  fame  Fundio'n,  though  the  Title  of  BiJIjop 
has  been,  by  corrupt  Cuftom,  appropriated  to 
'  one,  who  has  afTumed  to  himfelf,  in  the  Matter  of 
Ordination,  that  which  was  not  meet ;  which  Or- 
dination, notwithftanding,  being  performed  by 
him,  we  hold  for  Subftance  to  be  valid,  and  noc 
to  be  difclaimed  by  any  that  have  received  it ; 
and  whereas  it  is  manifeft,  that  Ordination, 
that  is.  An  outzvard,  folemn  fetting  Apart  of  Perfons 
for  the  Office  of  the  Minijiry  in  the  Church  by  preaching 
*'\  Prefhyters.,  is  an  Inftitulion  of  Chrift,  it  is  there- 
«*  fore  ordained  'by  the  Lords  and  Commons,  with 
^■''^'ihe  Advice  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines  at  Wejhnin^ 
"  Jler,  that  the  feveral  and  refpeftive  Claffical  Pref- 
'^byters  within  their  refpeftive  Bounds  may  exa- 
*'  mine,  approve,  and  ordain  Prefbyters,  according 
Appendix, <c  ^q  ^\^q  following  Diredlory,'*  which  I  have  placed 
^°  ^^^      in  the  Appendix,  and  is  in  Subftance  as  follows  : 

^Firjl^   "  The  Perfon  to  be  ordained  muft  apply  to 
'«'  the  Prefbytery,withaTeftimonialof  his  taking  the 
<"  Covenant,  of  his  Proficiency  in  his  Studies,"  <&r. 
-   ■  '  Second' 


Runivv. 

Part  IV. 

Vol.  I. 

p.  zu. 

Chap.  VI.      of  f/je  FuRiT  AU$.  275 

Secondly^  "  He  is  then  to  pafs  under  an  Examlna-     King 
*'  tion  as  to  his  Religion  and   Learning,    and  Call^^^"^'"  ^' 
"  to  the  Miniftry.  v^^T^ 

**  Then  follow  Rules  for  Examination,  as  in  the 
*'  Appendix. 

"  Ah^  Examination  he  fliall  receive  a  publick 
*'  Teftimonial  from  his  Examiners,  which  fhall  be 
'*  read  puolickly  before  the  People,  and  then  iix'd 
*'  to  the  Door  of  the  Church  where  he  preaches  for 
*'  Approbation,  with  Liberty  to  any  Pcrfon  or  Per- 
"  fons  to  make  Exceptions. 

*'  Upon  the  Day  of  Ordination  a  folemn  Faft  fhali 
*'  be  kept  by  the  Congregation,  in  which,  after  a 
"  Sermon,  the  Perfon  to  be  ordained  (hall  make  a 
*'  publick  Confeflion  of  his  Faith,  and  declare  his 
"  Refolutions  to  be  diligent  and  conftant  in  the  Dif- 
*'  charge  of  his  paftoral  Duty.  After  which  he  fhall 
*'  be  feparated,  or  let  apart  to  the  Paftoral  Office  with 
"  a  fhort  Prayer,  and  the  Laying  on  of  the  Hands  of 
"  the  Miniftcrs  prefent.  After  the  Ordination  there  is 
"  to  be  an  Exhortation  to  Minifter  and  People,  and  the 
*'  vi]\o\t  Solemnity  to  conclude  with  a  Pfahi  a.nd  a  Prayer, 

It  is  further  ordained,    *'  That  all  Ordinations,  Ff^j-w/rrOr^ 
"  according  to  the  former  Ufage  of  the  Church  oidinamtit 
"  England^  as  well  as  i\\o{zo{ Scotland^  and  other  re-'^'**  * 
"  formed  Churches,  fhall  be  efteemed  valid. 

"  A  Regifter  is  to  be  kept  by  every  Prefbytery  of 
"  the  Names  of  the  Perfons  ordained  by  them,  of  the 
"  MiniHers  concerned,  and  of  the  Time  and  Place 
"  vvhere  they  were  fettled.  No  Money  or  Gift  what- 
*'  foever  fhall  be  received  from  the  Perfon  ordained, 
"  or  from  any  on  his  Behalf,  for  his  Ordination,  or  any 
"  Thing  relating  co  it,  except  for  the  Inltruments  or 
"  Teftimonials,  which  fhall  not  exceed  ten  Shillings. 

LajKy,  Ic  is  orda;ned,  "  'I'hatall  Perfons  ordained 
*'  accordmg  to  this  D/>f^(?r^',  fliall  be  for  ever  repu- 
*'  ted  and  taken,  to  all  indents  and  Purpofcs,  for  law- 
"  fully,  and  fufKciently  authorized  Minifters  of  rhe 
^,'  Church  oi  England,  and  as  capable  of  anv  minilttrjal 
I    2  '       '■'  K:n- 


276  r/j^  HISTORY  Vol.Iir. 

x/t?^    "  Employment  in  the  Church,  as  any  other  Prefby- 
^ades  l.tt  ter  already  ordained,  or  hereafter  to  be  ordained.'* 
v-#-^/-^      To  give  a  fhort  Specimen  of  the  Debates  upon  this 
Debates     Ordinance;  when  the  Paffage  m 'Tmothy,  Oi  Laying 
upon  it.     on  of  the  Hands  of  the  Prefbytery  was  voted  a  full  Proof 
for  Prefbyters  ordaining  without  a  Bifhop,  Mr,  Sel- 
Lightf.    ^f«,  Lightfoot^  and  fome  others,  enter'd  their  Diflenr, 
^"^        declaring.  That  the  Impofition  of  Hands  there  fpoken 
of  was  only  for  Admiffion  to  be  an  Elder  •,  and  though 
Elders  might  ordain  Elders,  it  did  not  necefTarily  fol- 
low they  might  ordain  a  Bifhop. 
Will  the        Xhe  Independants  argued  for  the  Right  of  every 
Jndepen-    particular  Congregation  to  ordain  its  own  Officers ; 
this  was  debated  ten  Days  •,  the  Arguments  on  both 
Sides  were  afterwards  publiflied  by  Confent  of  the  fe- 
Gm;;^       veral  Parties,  in  a  Book,  entitled,  ^he  grand  Debate 
g  '     between  Prejbytery   and  Independency.     At  length  the 
Queftion  being  put,  'T'hat  it  is  requifite  no  fmgle  Con- 
gregation that  can  conveniently    ajfociate   with   ethers^ 
Jhould  afjume  to  it  felf  the  fole  Right  of  Ordination^  it 
was  carried  in  the  Affirmative,  but  the  following  In- 
dependant  Minifters  entered  their  Diflent. 


Tho.  Goodwin, 
Phil.  Nye, 
Jer.  Burroughs, 
Sidracb  Simpfon, 


Willia7n  Bridge, 
JVilliam  Greenhill, 
TFilUam  Carter, 


It  was  next  debated,  whether  Ordination  might  pre- 
ceed  Eledion  to  a  particular  Charge ;  Dr.  I'emple, 
Mr.  Herle,    Vines,    Palmer,    fVhitaker,    and  Cala?ny, 
MS.  penes  argued   for    the  Affirmative,     i.  From   the  Ordi- 
"^'*  nation  of  Timothy,    Titus  and  yipollos,    without   any 

particular  Charge.  2.  Becaufe  'tis  a  different  Thing 
to  ordain  to  an  Office,  and  to  appropriate  the  Excr- 
cife  of  that  Office  to  any  particular  Place.  3.  If  Ele- 
dlion  mufl  precede  Ordination,  then  there  muft  be  a 
new  Ordination  upon  every  new  Election.  4.  It 
would  then  follow,  that  a  Minifter  was  no  Minifler 
out  of  his  own   Church    or    Congregation.     And, 

5.  Then 


Chap.  VI.      of  tbe  Vv  RiT  Aiis.  277 

5.  Then  a  Minifter  could  not  gather  or  plant  Churches,    Kivg 
or  baptize  new  Converts,  becaufe,  according  to  the^'^'*'''"  ^* 
IndependantSy  there  muft  firfl  be  a  Church  before  there  \J^X^ 
can  be  a  Minifter.  v-^V^-' 

Mr.  Goodwin,  Nye,  Bridge,  and  the  reft  of  the  In- 
dependants,  replied  to  the  foregoing  Reafons,  That 
timothy  and  Tilus  were  extraordinary  Officers  —  That 
it  appeared  to  them  abfurd,  to  ordain  an  Officer  with- 
out a  Province  to  exercife  the  Office  in  —  That  they 
faw  no  great  Inconvenience  in  Re-ordinalions,  though 
they  did  not  admit  the  Confcqucnce,  that  a  Perfon 
regularly  ordained  to  one  Church,  muft  be  re-ordain- 
ed upon  every  Removal  ;  but  they  affirmed,  that  a 
Paftor  of  one  particular  Church  might  preferve  his 
Charader  in  all  Places  ;  and  if  there  was  extraordina- 
ry Service  to  be  done  in  planting  new  Churches,  or 
baptizing  new  Converts,  the  Churches  might  fend 
out  their  Officers,  or  create  new  for  that  purpofe. 
The  grand  Difficulty  with  the  bukpendanls  Jay  here, 
that  Ordination  without  Election  to  a  particular 
Charge  feemed  to  imply  a  Conveyance  of  Ojjice-^ 
Power,  which,  in  their  Opinion,  was  attended  with 
all  the  Difficulties  of  a  lineal  Succeffion.  The  De- 
bates upon  this  Article  continued  feveral  Days,  and 
ifTued  at  laft  in  a  Com-promife  in  thefe  Words ;  It  is 
agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  very  expedient ,  that 
thofe  who  are  to  be  ordained  Minijlers,  be  defigned  to  fome 
particular  Churchy  or  other  minijlerial  Charge.  And 
with  regard  to  the  Ceremony  of  Impofillon  of  Hands, 
the  Independants  admitted  it,  provided  it  was  attend- 
ed with  an  open  Declaration,  'I'hai  it  was  not  intended 
as  a  Conveyance  of  Offce-F  ower . 

It  might  feem  abfurd  to  begin  the  Reformati'on  ofpozi;;^  cf 
the  Church,  with  an  Ordinance  appointing  ClaJ/ical^"'^''^^'''" 
Prepyters  to   ordain  Minifters  within    their    feveral -S",^"^^'^ 
Bounds,  when  there  wao  not  as  yet  one  clajjlcal  Pfefby-yf   f^^" 
tery  in  q.\\  England -,  but  the   Urgency  of  Affairs  re- cempore. 
quired  it  •,  the  Scarcity  of  Minifters  would  not  fuffer  a  vide  App. 
Delay  till  the  whole  Fabrick  of  Prefbytery  wasered-^",'^^* 

ediP-"^^- 


:> 


278  ri;^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  Ill 

K^"g    ed  ;  therefore,  to  fupply  this  Defeft  for  the  prefent, 
barles  X.  ji^g  whole  Bufinefs  was  committed  to  the  JJJembly, 
who  voted  December  24.  that  a  Committee  for  Exa- 
mination of  Minifters  fhould  fit  every  Tuefday  and 
1'hurfday'm  the  Afternoon  at  Two  of  the  Clock,  and 
the  Members  of  the  Affembly  are  to  attend  in  their 
Turns,  as  they  fhall  be  nominated  and  appointed  by 
the  Scribe,  according  to  the  Order  of  their  Names  in 
the  Regifter  Book,  five  at  a  Time,  and  each  to  at- 
tend a  Week. 
ThDhine     While  the  Affair  o^  Ordination  "w^^  depending  in 
Right  of  jj^g  Afi'embly,  Committees  were  chofcn  to  prepare 
VidVT"p  Materials  for  a  new  Form  of  Difcipline  and  Church 
N'li*.     Government;  a  Point  of  the  greater  Confequence, 
chapter  of  becaufc  the  old  Form  was  difiblved,  and  no  -other  as 
ch.Gevew-y^l  eftabliihed  in  its  room.     Here  the  Independants 
tment.       agreed  with  the  Prefbyterians,  that  there  was  a  cer- 
tain For?n  of  Church  Government  laid  down  in  the  New 
'J'ejlament^  which  was  of  Divine  IrlHtuHon  ,    but  when 
they  came  to  the  Queftion,    What  that  Govermnent 
,was  ?  and,  Whether  it  was  binding  in  all  Ages  of  the 
Church  ?  Both  the  Eraftians  and  Independants  divided 
againft  them.     The  Propofition  was  this,   That  the 
Scripture  holds  forth,  that  many  particular  Congregations 
may,  and  by  Divine  Institution  ought,  to  be  under 
one  Prefbyterial  Government.     The  Debate  iaftcd  thir- 
ty  Days ;    the  Eraftians  did  not  except  againft  the 
Prefbyterial    Government  as    a    political    Inftttutan, 
proper   to   be  eftabliihed   by   the  Civil   MagUlrate, 
but  they  v/ere  againft  the  Claim  of  a  Divine  Right. 
Upon  this  Occafion   Bulftrcdc  IVhitlock,  Efq;  one  of 
the  Lay- Com mifli oners,  ftood  up,  and  made  the  fol- 
lowing Speech. 

Mr.  Prolocutor, 
chje^hiis  i(   T  Might  blufh  tofpeak  in  this  Reverend  Aftem- 
e>j  we  E-   u    S    bjy     upQ,-,  tj^e  Queftion  now  in  Debate  before 

'  rvit  1  sins*  ^^  ^^ 

Whui.  "  ^^^»  ^^'^  ^  ^^^^  ^y  ^^^^  Honour  of  being  one  of 
Mem.  "  your  Membt;rs,  feen  your  Candor  to  others,  and 
J.  95'  *'  ob- 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Puritans.  279 

"  obferved  you  to  be  mod  capable  to  give  Satisfadli-     K/w^ 
"  on  to  any  S^'ruple  here,  and  to  enable  fiich  as  I  am  Chaiks    . 
"  to  lat  sfy  Objedions  abroad,  whereof  I  have  met  v^,^-vtO 
*'  with  Ibme,  your  Queftion  not  being  under  Secrecy. 
'"'  By  Governmenl  all  Men  und;!rihind  the  prudent: 
"  and  weil  ordering  of  Perlbns  and  Affairs,  that  Mca 
*'  may  live  well  and  happily  •,  and   by  the  Govern- 
"  mcnt  of  thi'  Churchy  the  ordering  and  ruling  of  Pcr- 
"  fons  and  Matters  having  Relation  to  the  Worfliip 
*'  of  God  in  fpirifual  Matters. 

*'  The  Word  Frcfh^ier  was  in  great  Honour  among 
*'  the  Je-isjs^  being  given  to  the  Members  of  their 
*'  great  Sanhedrim,  and  therefore  is  not  nov/  fo  pro- 
"  perly  to  be  attributed  to  the  Rulers  of  every  fmall 
"  Congregation.  I  am  none  of  uhofe,  Mr.  Prolocu- 
"  /or,  who  except  againft  tlie  Prefbycerian  Govern- 
*'  menc ;  I  think  it  has  a  good  Foundation,  and  h4^ 
*«  done  much  good  in  the  Church  of  Chrift, 

*'  But,  Sir,  whether  this  Form  of  Government  be 
*'  Jure  Divir.o^  or  not,  may  admit  of  ibme  Difpute? 
*'  and.  Whether  it  be  now  requifice  for  you  to  de- 
*'  clare,  that  it  is  fo.'' 

"  If  the  Meaning  be,  that  it  is  Jurs  Dlvino  Ecdc- 
"  fiaftico^  then  the  Quellion  will  be  raifed,  of  the 
"  Magiftrates  impofing  Forms  upon  Mens  Confci- 
*'  ences,  for  then  they  will  be  only  the  Magiflrates 
"  Impofition.  But  if  the  Meaning  be  Jure  Divino 
"  abfolute-,  it  mull  then  be  the  Precept  of  God,  and 
*'  they  are  in  a  (ad  Condition  who  are  not  under  this 
'*  Government. 

"  But  ic  is  objeLted,  that  no  Form  of  Govern- 
"  ment  is  Jure  Dizino,  but  that  in  general,  all 
"  Things  muft  be  done  Decently,  and  in  Order. 
*'  A  Government  is  certainly  Jure  Divino^  but  whe- 
*'  thcr  Prefbytery,  F.pifcopacy,  Independency,  or 
"  any  other  Form  of  Government  be  Jure  Divino^  or 
"  not  ;  that  is,  whether  there  be  a  Prsfcripr,  Rule 
"  or  Command  of  Scripture,  for  any  of  thofe  Forms, 
*^  will  not  be  adnyitted  bv  many  as  a  clear  Thiiig. 

T  4  "It 


2So  r^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

Kif^g        **  It  may  therefore  not  be  unworthy  your  Confi- 

Charles  Lee  deration,  Whether  it  be  not  more  prudent  at  this 

,L^^  "  Time  to  forbear  to  declare  your  Judgments  in  this 

^  "  Point?  the  Truth  will  neverthekfs  continue  the 

**  fame. 

"  If  this  Government  be  not  7«r^  Dfi;/;z^j  no  Opi- 
"  nion  of  any  Council  can  make  it  fo  ;  and  if  it  be 
*'  Jure  Divino  it  continues  fo  flill,  though  you  do 
"  not  declare  it  to  be  fo. 

*'  I  therefore  humbly  fubmit  it  to  your  Judgments, 
*'  Whether  it  be  not  better  at  this  Time  to  avoid 
•'  giving  Occafion  to  Difputes  of  this  Nature,  and 
"  only  to  prefent  your  Judgment  to  the  Parliament, 
"  That  the  Government  of  the  Church  by  Prefi^teries  is 
*'  mojl  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God^  and  moji  fit  to  be 
•*  fettled  in  this  Kingdom  ?  or,  in  what  other  Expref- 
*'  fions  you  may  think  fit  to  cloch  your  Queltion  ? 
•*  And  I  hope  you  may  foon  have  a  cefired  Iffue.'* 

Mr.  Selden  and  St,  John  were  of  this  Mind  j  and  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Colman  was  fo  zealous  upon  this  Head, 
that  he  declaimed  againft  ihtDivwe  .Right,  not  only 
in  che  Aflembly,  but  in  the  Pulpit,  apprehending 
Prefbytery  would  prove  as  Arbitrary  and  Tyrannical 
as  Prelacy,  if  it  came  in  with  a  Divine  Claim.  He 
therefore  propofed,  that  the  Civil  Magiitrare  fhould 
have  the  iole  Power  of  the  Keys  by  way  of  Interim, 
till  the  Nati<m  was  at  Peace. 
'And  of  the  g^^  j.}-,g  Jndependants  oppofed  the  Propofition  of  the 
damr'^  Di'z^/w  Right  of  Prefhytery^  by  advancing  a  counter  Di- 
vine Right  of  their  own  Scheme  ;  fifteen  Days  they 
took  the  Part  of  Opponents,  and  fifteen  Days  they 
were  upon  the  Defenfive.  To  give  a  (hort  Specimen 
of  their  Debates. 
CY.im  The  chief  Enquiries  were,  about  the  Conftitution 

^^^^^\c  ^"^^^  Form  of  the  firft  Church  ofjerufalem  \  the  Siib- 
^'    ''      '  ordination  cf  Syicds^  znd  of  Lay- Elders,    Upon  the  firft 
Queflion  the  Independants  maintained,   That  the  firfi 
Church  at  Jerufalem  was  not  larger  than  could  meet  in 

one 


Chap. VI.      c/'/y^^  Puritans!  281 

one  Place.     In  fupport  of  which  they  produced  feveral     Kh^ 
PalTiges  in  the  new  Teftamenc  •,  as,  A5fs  i.  15.    TheChai'cs  L 
whole  Number  of  Difciples  being  about  one  Hundred  i^li. 
and  twenty  met  together  with  one  Accord.    And  /l£Ji  ^^' 
ii.  I.  They  were  all  with  one  Accord  in  one  Place. 
When  they  were  multiplied  to  three  Thoufand  *tis 
Ttill  laid,  they  met  together  with  one  Accord,  and  in 
one  Place,  y^cfs  ii.  46.     When  they  were  further  in- 
creafed.  Multitudes  being  added  to  them,  both  Men 
and  Women,  they  ftill  met  together  with  one  Accord, 
and  in  one  Place,  A^s\.  12,  14.     When  the  Num- 
ber of  Difciples  was  yet  further  multiplied,  fo  that  it 
became  neceflary  ro  choofe  Deacons  to  take  care  of 
the  Poor,  the  whole  Multitude  were  called  together, 
and  chofe  out  feven  Men  from  among  themfelves, 
and  fet  them  before  the  Apoftles,  AHs  vi.  2,  5.     And 
even  after  the  general    DifperHon  of  the  Difciples, 
mentioned  A5lsv\\\.  'tis  recorded,  that  thofe  who  re- 
mained met  together  in  one  Place  as  a  Church,  A5is 
XV.  4,  22.     Then  pleafed  it  the  Apoftles  and  Elders, 
with   the  WHOLE   Church,  to  fend  chofen  Men  of 
their  own  Company  to  Antioch.     They  allowed,  that 
there  was  mention  of  a  Prefbytery  in  Scripture,  but 
that  it  was  no  other  than  the  Prefoytery  or  Elders  of 
one  particular  Church  or  CoHgregation,  for  it  is  no 
where  written,  that  God  has  fet  in  the  Church,  di- 
ftinfl  Sorts  of  Prefbyteries,  fuch  as  Confifiories,  C!af- 
feSy    Proviixial  Syjio^ls^    and   General  Affemhlies^    one 
above  another.     They  objefted  alfo  to  the  high  Pow- 
ers claimed  by  the  Prefbyteries,  as  the  Right  of  Ad- 
mifTion  and  Exclufion  from  the  Chriftian  Church  with 
Pains  and  Penalties,   which,  as  they  have  no  fecunda- 
tion in  Scripture,  are  not  very  confiftent  with   the 
Powers  of  the  Civil  Magiftrate. 

To  remove   thefe    Difficulties    the   PrefbyreriansP^esbyte- 
itiaintained,  That  the  Church  <?/"  Jerufalem  was  made  up"^^^^^ 
of  more  Congregations  than  one,  as  appeared  from  the^^^^^ 
Multitude  of  Difciples  mentioned  in  divers  Places  ;2}e-i.j/? 
—  fiom  the  many  Apoftles  and  Teachers  in  thep.  41. 

Cnurch 


2S2  ^/^^  HISTORY         Vol.  lit 

King    Church  of  Jerufalem^   who  could  not  exercife  their 
Charles  I-Gifts  in  one  Affembly  -,  —  and  from  the  Diverfuy  of 
y^^llj  Languages  mentioned  J5is  ii.  and  A5fs  vi.     Now  ic 
being  granted,  that  the  Difcipies  were  too  numerous 
to  affemble  in  one  Place,  it  mud  follow,  that  they 
were  under  one  Prelbyterial  Government,    becaufe 
they  are  ftill  called  but  one  Church,   A£ls  viii.  i. 
the  Elders  of  which  are  often  mentioned  in  the  fame 
Book.     The  moft  learned  Cricicks  in  the  Affembly 
were  divided  upon  this  Head,  as  Dr.  'Temple,  Light- 
foot,  Selden,  Colman,  Vines,  and  others ;  but  it  was  car- 
ried for  the  Prefbyterians. 
subordha-     It  was  argued  in  favour  of  the  Subordination 
tionof      OF  Synods,  that  the  Scripture  fpeaks  of  an  Appeal 
^yw<^.      £j.Qj^  ^^^  ^j.  j.^^   Brethren  to  the  whole  Church, 
Debate      Matth.  xviii.  15,  and  of  the   Appeal  of  the  Church 
p.  iiy,     at  Antioch  to  the  Apoftles  and   Elders  at  Jerufakm^ 
laSj&c.  A^s  XV.  2.     But  the  Independants  affirmed,    that  a 
Synod  of  Prefbyters  is  no  where  called  a  Church  ; 
and  that  the  Appeal  of  the  Church  o^  Antioch  was 
only  for  Advice,  not  for  a  judicial   Determination  : 
'      But  fuppofing  the  Aflembly  of  the  Apoftles  at  Jemfa- 
lem  to  be  a  Synod,  it  could  neither  be  Provincial  nor 
National  to  the  Church  at  Antioch,  and  confequent- 
ly   no  Proof  of  a  Subordination.     The  Mafters  of 
Ltgthf.      JewiJIj  Antiquities  difplaycd  all  their  Learning  upon 
Rem.        ^j^J5  Debate,  for  the  Jewi/h  Sanhedrim  being  defigned 
^"  ^'''       as  the  Model  of  their  Chrifiian  Prejh-^ter^,   it  was  ne- 
ceffary  to  enquire,  what  were  the  Powers  of  the  Ec- 
clefiaftical  and  Civil  Courts  under  the  Law.     Mofes 
having  appointed,  that  he   that  would  not  hearken 
to  the  Priejt,  or  the  Judge,  Ihould  die,  Deut.  xvii.  12. 
it  was  ari^Lied  in  favour  of  Church  Power,  that  the 
Prieji  held  one   Court,  and  the  Civil  Magijlrate  ano- 
ther i   but  Mr.  Seld::n  obferved,   that  the  vulgar  Latiti 
till  within  thefe  forty  Years  reads  thus,  Qui  non  obedi- 
I'erit  facerdoti  ex  decreto  judicis  morietur.     He  that  will 
iiot  obey  the  Pricfl  fliall  die  by  the  Sentence  of  the 
Judge  3  and  Mr.  Lightfoot  added,  ihat  when  the  Judges 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  "Pu  KIT  A  tis.  283 

of  interior  Courts  went  up  to  Jerufalem  by  way  of    Kivg 
Appeals   it  was  only  tor  Advice  and  Confultation; ^'^^'■'"  ^* 
but  when  the  Queflion  was  put,  Dec.  11.  for  a  ^^^-  \,^Xu 
ordination  of  •  Synods  with  Lay-Elders,    as  Jo  many 
Courts  of  Judicature,  with  Power  to  difpenfe  Church  Cen- 
fures,  it  was  carried  in  the  Affirmative,  and  inferted 
in   their  humhle  Advice,   with   this  Addition;    *'  SoVideApp. 
*'  Chrift  has  furnifhed  feme  in  his  Church  (befides^'"  ^^^• 
*'  Minifters  of  the  Word)  with  Gifts  for  Govern m en r,g_^^'^'^'^£ 
*'  and  with  Commiflion  to  execute  the  fame,  when^;^,;^^ 
"  called  thereunto,  who  are  to  join  with  the  Minifter 
*'  in  the  Government  of  the  Church,  which  Officers 
*'  the  reformed  Churches  generally  call  Elders.'* 

Thus  the  main  Pillars  of  the  Prefbyterial  Goxtrn- ^^omplaiTm 
ment  were  voted  of  Divine  Appointment   by  a"-^^^'^  ^'^' 
very  great  Majority  *,    but  the  Independants  ^"^f^rM^^^^"^" 
their  Diffent  in  writing,  and  complained  to  the  World 
*'  of  the  unkind  Ufage  they  met  with  in  the  /^/Tem- 
"  bly  •,  that  the  Papers  they  offered  were  not  read  •, 
*'  that  they  were  notallowcd  to  Hate  their  own  Que- 
*'  ftions,   but  were  cold  they  fet  themfelves  induilri- 
*'  oufly  to  puzzle  the  Caufe,  and  render  the  cleareft 
"  Propofnions  obfcure,  rather  than  argue  the  Truth 

"  or  Falfenefs  of  them That   it  was  not  worth 

"  the  Affembly's  while  to  fpend  fo  much  Time  in 
"  debating  with  fo  inconfiderable  a  Number  of  Men*; 
*'  they  alfo  declared,  that  the  Aflembly  refufed  to 
"  debate  their  main  Propofition,  {viz.)  Whether  a 
"  divine  Right  of  Church  Government  did  not  remain 

"  with   every  particular  Congregation "     To  all 

which  It  was  replied,  that  the  Aficmbly  were  not 
confcious  they  had  done  them  any  Injuftice,  and  as 
for  the  reft,  they  were  the  moft  proper  Judges  cf 
their  own  Method  of  Proceeding. 

The  Era/linns  feeing  how  Things  were  managed ConduB  oj 
in  the  Aflembly,  referved  themfelves  for  the  Huufe'^;^  ^^** 
of  Commons,  where  they  weTe  fure   to  be  joined    by 
all  (he  Patrons  of  the  Independant?;.     The /'>^/i//6  and 
Scots  Co4nmiffioners  being  no  lefs  folicitous  about  the 

Event, 


"The  HISTORY 


VoI.IIL 


1645. 

Whitl. 
Mem. 
p.  ic6. 


284 

Kivg    Event,    gave  their  Friends   Notice  to  be  early  in 
Charles  !•  their  Places,  hoping  to  carry  tlie  Queftion  before 
the  Houfe  fhould  be  full ;  but  Mr.  Glyn  perceiving 
their  Incention,  fpoke  an  Hour  lo  the  Point  of  Jus 
DiviNUM ;  and  after  hin:'.  Mr.  fVhitlock  flood  up  and  en- 
larged upon  the  fame  Argument,  till  the  Houfe  was  full, 
^'h^r'i    r  ^^^^  ^^^  Queftion  being  put,  it  was  carried  in  the  Ne- 
cf  Divine  g^tive  ;  and  that  the  Propofition  of  the  Affembly 
Right  lofi  Ihould  ftand  thus.  That  it  is  lawful  and  agreeable 
in  then,  of  TO  THE  WoRD  OF  GoD,  that  the  Church  be  governed 
Commons,  ^y  Congregational,  Clajfical  and  Synodical  JJJefnhlies. 
Several         Xhe  Difappointment  of  the  Scots  Commiffioners  and 
Taillr  *"  ^^^^^  Friends  in  the  Affembly  at  the  Lofs  of  this  Quefti- 
tnlm  to    0^  ^s  not  to  be  expreffed  ;  they  alarmed  the  Citizens 
admit  it,   with  the  Danger  of  the  Church,  and  prevailed  with  the 
Common  Council  to  petition  the  Parliament  [Nov.  15.] 
that  the  Prejbperian  Difcipline  might  be  eflablijhed^  as 
THE  Discipline  of  Jesus  Christ  ;  buttheCommons 
anfwered  with  a  Frown,  That  the  Citizens  mufi  have 
been  mifmformed  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Houfe^  or  elfe 
the'^  would  not  have  precipitated  the  "Judgment  of  Parlia- 
ment i  Not  difcouraged  at  this  Rebuke  they  prevailed 
with  the  Cit'^  Miniflers  to  petition,  but  when  they 
came  to  the  Houfe  the  Speaker  told  them,  T/^<?_y  need 
not  wait  for  an  Anfiuer^    but  go  home  and  look  to  the 
Charges  of  their  fever al  Congregat  ions  \  and  i  m  m  ed  i  a  t  e  - 
ly  appointed  a  Committee  to  enquire  into  the  Rife  of 
thefe  Petitions. 

The  PrefbyterianM/;7f/?i?ndefpairingofSuccefs  with 
the  Commons,  inrtead  of  yielding  to  the  Times,  refol- 
ved  to  apply  to  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  who  received  them 
civilly,  and  promifed  to  take  their  Requeft  into  Confi- 
deraiion ;  but  no  Advances  being  made  in  two  Months 
they  were  out  of  all  Patience,  and  determined  to  re- 
new their  Application  -,  and  to  give  it  the  greater 
Weight,  prevail'd  with  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Court  of 
Alderman  to  go  at  their  Head,  Jan.  16.  with  an  Ad- 
VolPamp-drefs,  "  For  a  fpeedy  Settlement  of  Church-Govern- 
N^  34.     4c  nient,    according  to  the  Covenant,    and  that  no 
^■5'  **  Tole- 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  FuRiT  AN  s,  285 

<»  Toleration  might  be  given  to  Popery,  Prelacy,     King 
*«  Superftition,  Herefy,  Profanenefs,  or  any  Thing  ^^^^f^^s  ^• 
"  contrary  to  found  Doftrine,  and  that  all  private  Af-  ,J^1^ 
*'  femblies  might  be  reftrain*d."   The  Lords  thank'd^^^^"^ 
them  for  their  Zeal,  and  recommended  it  to  the  City 
to  fupprefs  all  fuch  unlawful  Aflemblies  ;    but  the 
Houfes  were  not  to  be  moved  as  yet  by  fuch  forcible 
Methods ;  however,  this  laid  the  Foundation  of  thofe 
Jealoufies  and  Mifunderftandings  between  the  City 
and  Parliament,  which  proved  the  Ruin  of  the  Pref- 
byterian  Caufe. 

But  the  fierceft  Contention  between  the  AfTemblyO/^Zie 
and  Parliament  arofe  upon  theP^w^r  ofiheKgys,  which ''''^'^''  "/ 
the  former  had  voted  to  be  in  the  Elderfhip  or  Pref-^^^^^^^^" 
bytery,  in  thefe  Words,  "  The  Keys  of  the  ^i^g- niclum'!' 
*'  dom  of  Heaven  were  committed  to  the  Officers  ofvid.  App. 
"  the  Church,  by  virtue  whereof  they  have  PowerN^Hl. 
**  refpedtively  to  retain  and  remit  Sins,  to  fhut  iht^^^pter  of 
*'  Kingdom  of  Heaven  againft  the  Impenitent  both^^""-?*  '^^' 
"  by  the  Word  and  Cenfurcs,  and  to  open  it  to  the       ^* 
''  Penitent  by  Abfolution,  and  to  prevent  the  Profa- 
**  nation  of  the  Holy  Sacrament  by  notorious  and  ob- 
"  ftinate  Offenders,  the  faid  Officers  are  to  proceed 
«'  by  'Admonition,  Sufpenfion  from  the  Sacramenp 
*«  of  the  Lord*s  Supper  for  a  Seafon,  and  by  Excom* 
*'  munication  from   the  Church,    according    to  the 
*'  Nature  of  the  Crime  and  Demerit  of  the  Perfon  ;'* 
all  which  Power  they  claimed,  not  by  the  Laws  of 
the  Land,  but  Jure  Divino,  or  by  divine  Appoint- 
ment. 

The  Independants  claimed  a  like  Power  for  theBrother-  The  Inde- 
hoodofevery  particular  Congregation,  butwithoutanyP'-"'^/"^" 
civil  Sandions  or  Penalties  annexed ;  the  Erajlians  wert^^'"^'^"' 
for  laying  the  Communion  open,and  referring  all  Crimes 
to  the  Civil  Magiftrate.  When  theQueflion  therefore 
came  into  Debate  in  the  Houfe of  Co mmons,  the  Learn-  ^r?d 
ed  Mr. 5'f/^^« delivered  his  Opinion  againftallSufpenfi-Scldtn's 

ons  and  Excommunications  to  this  EfFed,"  That  f*r  four  ^"^^'• 
^  Thoufand  Years  there  was  no  Law  to  fufpend  Per-^'  ^^5- 

*'  fons 


286  r/j^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King    "  fons  from  religious  Exercifes.    Strangers,  indeed, 
Charles  I.  <i  were  kept  from  the  Pafifover,  but  they  were  Fa- 
L..A^.  *'  gans,  and  not  of  the  y^-ay/yS  Religion.     The  Que- 
**  ftion  is  not  now  for  keeping  away  Pagans  in  Times 
"  of  Chriftianity,    but  Proteftants  from  Protcftant 
"  Worfhip.     No  Divine  can  fhcw,  that  there  is  any 
*'  fuch  Conimand  as  this  to  fufpend  from  theSacra- 
"  ment-     No  Man   is  kept  from  the  Sacrament   ea 
"  mmine,  becaufe  he  is  guilty  of  any  Sin,   by    the 
"  Conftitution   of  the   Reformed  Churches,  or   be- 
'«  caufe  he  has  not  made  Satisfadion.     Every  Man 
«'  is  a  Sinner  ',  the  Difference  is  only,  that  one  is  in 
'*  private,  and  the  other  in   publick.     Die  Ecclefiid 
'*  in  St.  Matthew  were  the  Courts  of  Law  which  then 
*'  fat  at  Jerufalem.     No  Man  can  f^ew  any  Excom- 
"  munication  till  the  Popes  Viofor  and  Zephorinus  (two 
"  Hundred   Years  after  Chrifl)    firfb  began   to  ufe 
"  them  upon  private  Quarrels,  whereby  it  appears, 
*'  that  Excommunication   is  an  human  Invention, 
*'  taken  from  the  Heathens." 
AndV^Kv:>     'Mr.Whitlock  fpake  on  the  fame  Side  of  the  Que- 
P*  -o3«     {lion,  and  faid,   *«  The  AfTembly  of  Divines  have 
*«  petitioned  and  advifed  this  Houfe,    that  in  every 
*«  Prep'jtery,  or  Prefi'jterian  Congregation^  the  Pajlors 
*'  and  ruling  Elders  may  have  the  Power  of  Excommuni- 
"  cation y  and  of  Sufpending  fuch  a^  they  pj all  judge  igno- 
"  rant  or  fcandahus.     By   Paftors,  I  fuppofe,    they 
*'  mean   themfelves,  and  others  who  are  or  may  be. 
*'  Preachers,  and  would  be  Bifiiops  or  Overfeers  of 
•«  their  Congregations.    By  ruling  Elders  they  mean 
"  a  fele6l  Number  of  fuch  in  every  Congregation  as 
"  fhall  be  chofen  for  the  Execution  of  Government 
**  and  Difcipline  therein.     A  Paftor  is  one  who  is  to 
*'  feed  his  Sheep ;  and  if  {o^  how  improper  muft  it 
"  be  for  fuch  to  defire  to  excommunicate  any,   or 
''  keep  them  from  Food  •,  to  forbid  any  to  ear,  or 
"  whomfoever  they    fhall  judge   unworthy,    when 
"  Chrift  has  faid.  Take,  eat^  and  drink  ye  All  of  ir, 
"  tho*  Judas  was  one  of  them.     But  feme  have  faid, 

*'   'ris 


Chap. VI.      o/' /Z;^  Pur  I  TA  N  s.  287 

"  'cis  the  Duty  of  a  Shepherd,  when  he  fcei  a  Sheep     King 

"  feeding  upon  that  which  will  do  him  hurt,    to  chaie^f'^''"  ^* 

*'  him  away  from  that  Paflure,  and  they  apply  "^his^jf^i^ 

"  to  fufpending  thofe  from  the  Sacrament  whom  they  ^^ 

"  fear,   by  eating  and  drinking  unworthily,   mayeac 

«'  and  drink  their  own  Damnation.     But  it  ought  to 

**  beobferved,   that  it  is  not  receiving  the  Sacrament, 

"  but  the  Unworthinefs  of  the  Receiver  that  brings 

*'  DeftrucElion,  and  this  cannot  be  within  the  Judg- 

*»  ment  of  any  but  the  Per  Ton  himfelf,  who  alone 

*'  can  examine  his  own  Heart  ;  nor  can  any  one  pro- 

««  duce  a  CommilTion  for  another  to  be  Judge  there- 

""  of.     But  it  is  faid,  that  Ruling  Elders  are  to  be 

*'  joined  with  the  Paflors ;  now,  in  fome  Country 

*'  Villages  arid  Congregations,    perhaps,  they  may 

*'  not  be  very  learned,   and  yet  the  Authority  given 

'*•  them  is  very  great :  The  Word   Eiders,  amongft 

*'  the  Hebrews,  fignified  Men  of  the  greateft  Power 

*'  and  Dignity  ;  fo  it  was  among  the  Romans,  whofc 

*«  Senate  was  io  called,    from  Senes,  Elders.     The 

*«  highefl  Title  among  the  French,  Spaniards,  and 

«'   Italians,    Seigneur^    and  Seigniori,    is    but   a  Cor- 

*'  ruption  of  the  Latin   Word  Senior,  Elder.     The 

*'  fame  may  be  obferved  in  our  EngU/h  Corporations, 

"  where  the  bed  and   moll  fubftantial  Perfons  are 

*'  called  Aldermen  or  Eldermen.     Thus  the  Title  of 

*'  Elders  may  be  given  to  the  chief  Men  of  every 

*'  Prefbytery,    but  if  the  Power  of  Excommunica- 

"  tion  be  given  them  they  may  challenge  the  Title 

*'  of  Elders  in  the  highefl  Signification. 

"  Power  is  defired  to  be  given  to  fufpend  from  the 
"  Sacrament  two  Sorts  of  Perfons,  the  Ignorant  and 
««  Scandalous  ;  now  'lis  pofiible,  that  they  who  are 
"  judged  to  be  Competent  in  one  Place  may  be  deem- 
"  ed  Ignorant  in  another  ;  however,  to  keep  them 
*'  from  the  Ordinances  is  no  way  to  improve  th?ir 
*'  Knowledge.  Scandalous  Perfons  are  likewife  to 
'"  be  fufpended,  and  this  is  to  be  left  to  the  Difcre- 
»*  tion  of  the  Paflors  and  Ruling  Elders ;  but  where 

*•  have 


288  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King  «  havethey  fuch  a  CommifTion  ?  Scandalous  Sinners 
Charles  1. 44  (hould  be  admonifhed  to  for  fake  their  evil  Ways, 
y^L^^  "  and  amend  their  Lives ;  and  how  can  this  be  done 
"  better,  than  by  allowing  them  to  hear  good  Ser- 
*'  mons,  and  partake  of  the  holy  Ordinances.  A 
*«  Man  may  be  a  good  Phyfician  though  he  never 
"  cufsofFa  Member  from  his  Patient;  and  a  Church 
"  may  be  a  good  Church,  though  no  Member  of 
*'  of  it  has  ever  been  cut  off.  I  have  heard  many 
"  Complaints  of  the  Jurifdidion  of  the  Prelates,  who 
*«  were  but  few  ;  now  in  this  Ordinance  there  will  be 
*'  a  great  Multiplication  of  fpiritual  Men  in  Govern- 
"  ment,  but  I  am  of  Opinion,  that  where  the  tern- 
"  poral  Sword  is  fufficient  for  Punifhment  of  Offen- 
"  ces  there  will  be  no  need  of  this  new  Difcipline." 

Though  the  Parliament  did  not  think  it  prudent 
wholly    to    rejed:  the    Ordinance  for   Excommuni- 
cation,   becaufe    it   had    been   the   popular    Com- 
plaint  in  the  late  Times,  Thai   Paflors  of  Churches 
had   not    Power  to  keep  unworthy  Communicants  from 
the  Lord*s  Table-,    yet   the  Speeches  of  thefe  learnr 
ed  Gentlemen  made  fuch  an  Impreflion,  that  they 
refolved  to  render  it  ineffeftual  to  all  the  Purpofes  of 
Church  Power  ;  accordingly,  they  fent  to  the  A-ffem- 
bly,    to  fpeclfy  in  writing,  IVbat  Degrees  of  Knowledge 
in  the  Chriflian  Religion  were  nee e [far y  to  qualify  Perfons 
for  the  Communion  ?  and.  What  Sorts  of  Scandal  defer ved 
Sufpenjion  or  Excommunication  ?    Which,    afcer  much 
Controverfy,  they  prefented  to  the  Houfes,  who  in- 
ferted  them  in  the  Body  of  their  Ordinance  for  Sufpeft^ 
fion  froTn  the   Lord's  Supper^  dated  Oikb.  20.    164;";, 
together  with  certain  Provifos  of  their  own. 
fcfsi7Z      '^^"'^e  Ordinance  fets  forth.  That  the  feveral  Eldcr^ 
Zfj  'Jl'J^'il'^'^pswkhin  their  refpedive  Limits,  flia'l  have  Pow- 
Exconjmu-er  to  fufpend  from  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
nicaucn,    per,  all  ignorant  and  fcandalous  Perfons,  within  the 
Rufhw.     Rules  and  Dire<flions  hereafter  mentioned,    and  no 

Part  IV.        ,1 

Vol.1.      Others. 

pi  2,1 1.  JaULES 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Puritans.  289 

King 

Rv Lis  for  Sufpending  from  the  Sacrament  in  Cafe  ^^Charles  L 
Ignorance.  v^v^ 

1.  "  All  that  do  not  know  and  believe  the  Being 
"  of  a  God,  and  the  Holy  Trinity. 

2.  "  They  that  are  not  acquainted  with  Original 
"  Sin,  and  the  Fall  of  Man. 

2-  They  that  ddh*t  believe  Chrift  to  be  God  and 
*'  Man,  and  our  only  Mediator  and  Redeemer. 

4.  — *  "  That  Chrift  and  his  Benefits  are  applied 
"  only  by  Faith  9  which  Faith  is  the  Gift  of  God, 
*•  and  implies  a  Trufting  in  him,  for  the  Remiffion 
•*  of  Sins,  and  Life  everlafting. 

5.  —  "  The  NecefTity  of  fincere  Repentance,  and 
**  a  holy  Life,  in  order  to  Salvation. 

6.  —  "  The  Nature  and  Importance  of  the  two 
*'  Sacraments,  efpecially  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

7.  —  "  That  the  Souls  of  the  Faithful  do  imme- 
"  diately  live  wich  Chrift  after  Death  ;  and  the  Souls 
•*  of  the  Wicked  immediately  go  to  Hell. 

8.  —  "  TheRefurreftion  oftheBody,  andafinal 
"  Judgment.'* 

Ku  LEs  for  Sufpenfion  in  Cafe  of  Scandal. 

"  The  Elderfhips  fhall  have  Power  to  fufpend 
"  from  the  Sacrament  all  fcandalous  Perfom  hereafter 
**  mentioned,  and  no  others,  being  duly  convicted 
"  by  the  Oaths  of  two  WitnefTes,  or  their  own  Con- 
•*  fefTion  i  that  is  to  fay, 

1.  "  All  Blafphemersagainft  God,  his  holy  Word 
*'  or  Sacraments. 

2.  "  Inceftuous  Perfons. 

3.  *'  Adulterers. 

4.  '*  Fornicators. 

5.  "  Drunkards. 

6.  "  Profane  Swearers  and  Cur fers. 

7.  "  Murderers. 

Vol.  III.  U  ^.  "Wor* 


290 

King 
Charles  I. 


7y&^  HISTORY  Vol.111. 

8.  "  Worfhippers  of  Images,  Croffes,  Crucifixes, 
or  Relicks. 

9.  "  All  that  make  Images  of  the  Trinity,  or  of 
any  Perfonf  hereof. 

10.  "  All  religious  Worfhippers  of  Saints,   An- 
gels,  or  any  meer  Creature, 

II."  Such  as  declare  themfelves  not  to  be  in  Chari- 
ty with  their  Neighbours. 

12.  "  Such  as  challenge  others  to  a  Duel,  or  that 
fhall  accept  fuch  Challenge. 

13.  "  Such  as  knowingly  fhall  carry  a  Challenge 
either  by  Word,  Meffage,  or  Writing. 

14.  "  Such  as  profane  the  Lord's  Day  by  Dan- 
cing, playing  at  Cards  or  Dice,  or  any  other 
Game  ;  or  that  fhall  on  the  Lord's  Day  ufe  Mafk- 
ing,  Wakes,  Shooting,  Bowljng,  playing  at 
Foot-Ball,  or  Stool-Ball,  Wreflling  •,  or  that  Ihall^ 
refort  to  Plays,  Interludes,  Fencing,  Bull-Bait- 
ing, or  Bear-Baiting  -,  or,  that  fhall  ufe  Hawk- 
ing, Hunting,  Courfing,  Fifhing,  or  Fowling  ; 
or,  that  fhall  publickly  expofe  any  Wares  to  fale, 
otherwife  than  is  provided  by  the  Ordinance  of 
April  6.  164.^.  or,  chat  fhall  travel  on  the  Lord's 
Day  without  reafonable  Caule. 

15..  *'-  Such  as  keep  known  Stews,  or  Brothel- 
Houfes  ;  or,  that  fhall  foJicit  the  Chaflity  of  any 
Perfon  for  himfelf,  or  another. 
16,  *'  Such  Parents  as  give  their  Confent  to  mar- 
ry their  Children  to  Papifls  ;  and  fuch  as  do  them- 
felves marry  a  Papift. 

iy.  "  Such  as  confult  for  Advice,  Witches,  Wi-  • 
zard5,  or  Fortune-Tellers. 

18.  "  Such  as  alTault  their  Parents,  or  any  Magi- 
flrate,  Minifter,  or  Elder,  in  the  Execution  of 
his  Office. 

19.  "  Such  as  fhall  be  legally  attainted  of  Barre- 
try,  Forgery,  Extprrion,  or  Bribery.'* 


And 


Chap.  VI.      ^  /•/&(?  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  291 

**  And  the  feveral  Elderfhips  fhall  have  Power    King 
"  to  fufpend  all  Ministers  who  Ihall  be  duly  con- C^^*"'"  ^* 
**  vid:ed  of  any  of  the  Crimes  abovementioned  from  ^J^Ji^ 
*'  giving  or  receiving  the  Lord's  Supper. 

*'  Perfons  fufpended  by  one  Congregation  fhall 
*'  not  be  admitted  to  the  Sacrament  by  another, 
*'  withoucCertificatefromthatCongregationof which 
*'  he  was  a  Member.  But  in  all  Cafes  of  Sufpen- 
*'  fion,  if  the  Party  fufpended  fhall  manifeft  his  Re- 
"  pentance  before  the  Elderfhip  by  whom  he  was 
"  fufpended,  he  fhall  be  re-admitted  to  the  Lord's 
•*  Supper,  and  the  Sufpenfion  taken  off." 

But  then  follow  the  Provifo*s ,  which  flripp*d 
the  Prefbyteries  of  that  Power  of  the  Keys  which  they 
were  reaching  at. 

Provided  always,  *'  That  if  anyPerfon  find  him- Parlia- 
"  felf  aggrieved  with  the  Proceedings  of  the  Prefby- ^^"'y, 
"  tery  to  which  he  belongs,  he  may  appeal  to  the^'""^'"''"* 
'*  Claflical  Elderfhip ;  from  them  to  the  Provincial 
*'  Affembly  ;  from  them  to  the  National ;  and  from 
*'  them  TO  THE  Parliament. 

*Tis  further  provided,  *'  That  the  Cognizance  and 
**  Examination  of  all  capital  Offences  fhall  be  refer- 
"  ved  entire  to  the  Magiftrate  appointed  by  the 
**  Laws  of  the  Kingdom,  who,  upon  his  commit- 
"  ting  the  Party  to  Prifon,  fhall  make  a  Certificate 
*'  to  the  Elderfhip  of  the  Congregation  to  which 
"  they  beIong*d,  who  may  thereupon  fufpend  them 
'*  from  the  Sacrament. 

**  The  Prefbytery  or  Elderfhip  fhall  not  have 
"  Cognizance  of  any  Thing  relating  to  Contra(5ts, 
"  Payments,  or  Demands*,  or  of  any  Matter  of 
"  Conveyance,  Title,  Intereft,  or  Property,  in 
"  Lands  or  Goods. 

*'  No  Ufe  fhall  be  made  of  any  Confeffion,  or 
"  Proof  made  before  an  Elderfhip,  at  any  Trial  at 
I*  Law  of  any  Perfon  for  any  Offence. 

U  2  «  And 


292  r/7^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

King  "  And  *tis  further  ordained.  That  thofe  Members 
Charles  la  of  Parliament  who  are  Members  of  the  Aflembly 
^^^^^  "  of  Divines,  or  any  fcven  of  them,  fhall  be  a  ftand- 
"  ing  Committee,  to  confider  of  fuch  other  Offences 
"  or  Scandals  not  mentioned  in  this  Ordinance, 
*'  which  may  be  conceived  to  be  a  fufficient  Caufe 
"  of  Sufpenfioii  from  the  Sacrament,  and  fhall  lay 
"  them  before  the  Parliament." 

By  an  Ordinance  o'ijime  5.  1646.  a  difcretionary 
Powder  was  lodged  in  a  Committee  of  Lords  and  Com- 
mons, not  lefs  than  nine,  to  adjudge  and  determine 
fcandalous  OfFtnces,  not  formerly  enumerated,  and 
report  them  to  the  two  Houfes,  that  if  they  con- 
curred with  the  Committee  they  might  be  added  to 
the  Catalogue. 
Presbyte-  By  thefe  Provifo's  'tis  evident  the  Parliament  were 
*"'^"^j''^'^' determined  not  to  part  with  the  Spiritual  Sword,  or 
*"M^ '  fubjeft  their  civil  Properties  to  the  Power  of  the 
Church,  which  gave  great  Offence  to  the  Scots  Com- 
miflioners,  and  to  moft  of  the  Englijh  Prefbyterians, 
who  declaimed  againft  the  Ordinance,  as  built  upon 
Eraflian  Principles,  and  depriving  the  Church  of  thao 
which  it  claimed  by  a  Divine  Institution.  They 
allowed  of  Appeals  from  one  fpiritual  Court  to  ano- 
ther, but  declared  openly  from  the  Pulpit  and  Prefs, 
that  Appeals  to  the  Parliament  or  Civil  Magiflrate, 
as  the  dernier  Reforty  were  infuffcrable.  The  Parli- 
ament obferving  their  Ambition,  of  making  thp 
Church  independent  on  the  State,  girt  the  Laws  clo- 
ier  about  them,  and  iubjecled  their  Determinations 
more  immediately  to  the  Civil  Magiftrate,  by  an 
Ordinance  dated  March  14.  174^.  which  enads, 
"  That  an  Appeal  fhall  lie  from  the  Decifions  of 
"  every  ClafTis  to  the  CommifTioners  chofen  by  Par- 
*'  liament  out  of  every  Province,  and  from  them  to 
"  the  Parliament  it  felf.  That  if  any  Perfon  com- 
,"  mit  any  fcandalous  Offences  not  mentioned  in  the 
"  Ordinance,  the  Minifter  may  forbear  to  admini- 

"  flcr 


Chap. VI.       o/* //6^  Pu  R  I  T  AN  s.  293 

*'  fter  the  Sacrament  to  him  for  that  Time  ;   but  then     Khir 
he  Ihall,    within  ei"ht  Ddys,    certify  the  lame  to^'^^'"'"  ^* 


"  the  CommifTioners,  who  fhall  fend  up  the  Cafe,  ^^X 
'*  with  their  Opinions,  to  the  Parliamenr,  by  whpfe 


**  Determination  the  Elderfhip  fhall  abide/* 

This  Ordinance  of  Sufpenfion  from  the  Sacrament 
was  extorted  from  the  two  Houfes  before  the  Time, 
by  the  importunate  SoHcitations  of  the  City  Clergy, 
for  as  yet  there  were  no  ClafTes  or  Prefbyteries.in  any 
Part  of  England,  which  ought  to  have  been  before 
ihey  had  determined  their  Powers.  The  Houfes  had 
voted,  that  there  fhould  be  a  Choice  0^  Lay  Elders 
throughout  England  and  Waki,  and  had  laid  down 
fome  Rules  for  this  Purpofe,  Aug.  19.  1645.  but  it 
was  the  14th  of  M^r^:/?  following,  before  it  pafTed  into 
a  Law. 

It  was  then  ordained,  i.  "  That  there  be  ionh- oyAhance 
*'  with  a  Choice  of  [Ruling]  Elders  throughout  the ^°''^''^^' 
*'  Kingdom  of  £«g/aW and  Dominion  of /F^/c";.  *h^tevi"s 

2.  "  That  publick  Notice  be  given  of  fuch  Ele- R^,fljvv.' 
"  (5tion  in  every  Parifh,  by  the  Miniller  of  the  Vol.  v. 
*'  Church,  a  Fortnight  before;  and  that  on  the  p- '-16, 
"  Lord's  Day  on  which  the  Choice  is  to  be  made  a 

"  Sermon  be  preached  fuitable  to  the  Occafion. 

3.  "  Elcdlions  fhall  be  made  by  the  Congrega- 
"  tion,  or  the  major  Part  of  them  then  afiembled, 
**  being  Heads  of  Families,  and  fuch  as  have  taken 
*•  the  Covenant. 

4.  *'  That  certain  Perfons  be  appointed  Triers 
**  in  every  ClafTis,  viz.  fix  Miniflcrs  and  three  Lay- 
*'  men,  whereof  feven  to  be  a  Quorum,  to  deter- 
"  mine  the  Validity  of  Elecftions.  All  Members  of 
*'  Parliament,  and  Peers  of  the  Realm  to  be  Triers 
*'  in  the  Pariflies  wherein  they  live. 

5.  *'  No  Man  to  be  a  Ruling  Elder  but  for  one 
'*  Congregation,  and  that  in  the  Parifh  where  he 
**  Jives. 

6.  "  The  Qualifications  of  a  Ruling  Elder  are, 
**  ihat  be  be  of  good  Underftanding  m  Religion, 

U  3  *' found 


294  T/^^  H I  S  T  O  R Y  Vol.III. 

ch'^^^    "  found  in  the  Faith,  prudent,  difcreet,  grave,  ot 
16^    "  unblameablc  Converfation,  willing  to  undergo  the 

\y*Y^  "  Office,  and  in  Communion  with  the  Church. 

7.  "  All  Parifhes,  Privilege  Places,  exempt  Ju- 
*'  rifdiftions,  and  all  other  Places  whatfoever,  (hall " 
'*  be  brought  under  the  Exercife  of  Congregational, 
*'  Claffical,  Provincial,  and  National  Affemblies, 
"  except  Chapels  within  any  of  the  King's  Houfes, 
'^  or  the  Houfes  of  Peers,  which  fhall  continue  free 
"  for  the  Exercifes  of  Religion,  according  to  the  Z)i- 
'^'  re^iory^  but  not  oherwife. 

S.  "  The  Province  of  London  fhall  be  divided  into 
"  twelve  CiafTical  Elderfhips,  each  to  contain  about 
"  twelve  Parifhes  of  the  City,  and  Parts  adjacent, 
«*  and  thefe  to  be  the  Boundaries  of  the  Province  of 
*'  hondon. 

9.  '*  The  feveral  Counties  of  Efjgland  znd  Wales 
"  fhall  be  divided  into  CiafTical  Prefbyteries  by  Per- 
*'  fons  to  be  appointed  by  Parliament  for  this  Pur- 
"  pofe,  who  fhali  fettle  the  Boundaries  of  each  Claf- 
«'  fis,  and  certify  the  fame  to  the  Parliament  for 
"  their  Approbation. 

10.  "  The  Prejhytery  or  Elder/hip  of  ever'j  Var'ijh^ 
«'  fhall  meet  once  a  Week  ;  the  Claffical  Affemblies  of 
^'  each  Province  once  a  Month,  by  Adjournment,  in 
*«  fuch  Places  as  may  be  moft  convenient  ;  Provin- 
"  cial  Affemblies  fhall  meet  twice  a  Year  \  National 
*'  Affemblies  as  often  as  they  fhall  be  fummoned  by 
*'  Parliament,  and  fliall  continue  fitting  as  long  as 
"  the  Parliament  fhall  dired  and  appoint,  and  not 
*'  otherwife. 

11.  "  Every  Congregational  or  Parochial  Elder- 
**  fhip,  fhaJl  fend  two  Elders,  or  more,  not  exceed- 
*<  ing  four^  and  one  Minifter,  to  the  CiafTical  Aflem- 
"  bly  ;  every  Claflkal  AfTembly  within  the  Pro- 
*'  vince  fhall  fend  two  Minifters,  and  four  Ruling 
*'  Elders  at  leafl,  but  not  to  exceed  Nine,  to  the 
*'  Provincial   AfTembiy.     Every  Provincial  AfTem- 

bly  fhall  appoint  two  Minilters,  and  four  Ruling 
2  *'  Elders, 


(( 


Chap. VI.      of  the  Pu  RiTAUs.  295 

"  Elders,  which  fhall  conftirute  a  National  Aflcm-    Kinfr 
"  blv,  when  fuch  an  one  fhall  be  Tummoned  by  Par-^^^''^'^^  ^• 

"  liament.  v-*<V>^ 

"When  this  Ordinance  had  pafled  the  Commons  it 
(luck  a  confiderable  Time  with  the  Lon^s,  infomuch  " 
that  the  Prefbytcrian  Clergy  thought  it  neceffary  to 
quicken  them  by  a  Petition,  May  29.  under  the 
Hands  of  three  Hundred  Minilters  of  Suffolk  and  EffeXy 
lamenting  the  Decay  of  Religion,  and  the  Want  of 
Church  Difcipline,  and  befeeching  their  Lordfhips 
to  put  the  finifhing  Hand  to  the  Bill  fo  long  depend- 
ing *,  which  they  did  accordingly,  June  6.   1646. 

Thus  the  Prefbyterian  Form  of  Church  Govern- 
ment became"  the  National  Eftablifljmenr,  by  way  of 
Probation^  as  far  as  an  Ordinance  of  Parliament  could 
make  it,  for  the  Preamble  fets  forth,  "  That  if  up- 
"  on  Trial  it  was  not  found  acceptable  it  fhould  be 
"  reverfed  or  amended.  It  declares  further.  That 
''  the  two  Houfes  found  it  very  difficult  to  make 
"  their  new  Settlement  agree  with  the  Laws  and 
"  Government  of  the  Kingdom,  that  therefore  it 
"  could  not  be  expefbed  that  a  prefent  Rule  in  every 
"  Particular  Ihould  be  fettled  at  once,  but  that 
'*  there  will  be  need  of  Supplements  and  Additions, 
"  and  perhaps  Alterations,  as  Experience  fhall  bring 
"  to  light  the  NecefTity  thereof.'* 

The  Parliament  apprehended  they  had  now  e^a,- Remarh. 
blilhed  the  Fundamentals  of  the  Prefbyterian  Difci- 
pline, though  it  proved  not  to  the  Satisfaction  of  any 
one  Party  of  Chriftians ;  fo  hard  is  it  to  make  a  good 
Settlement  when  Men  dig  up  old  Foundations  all  at 
once.  The  Pre/hyterian  Gover?jment  was  as  narrow  as 
the  Prelatkal:,  and  as  it  did  not  allow  a  Liberty  of 
Confcience,  but  claimed  a  Civil,  as  well  as  Ecclefi- 
aftical  Authority  over  Men's  Perfons  and  Proper- 
ties, was  equally,  if  not  more  infufferable.  Bi- 
(hop  Kennet  obfervc-s,  that  the  Settling  Prefbytery 
was  fuppprted  by  the  Fear  and  Love  of  the  Scots  Ar- 
my, and  that  when  Tbey  were  gone  home  ic  was  bet- 

U  4  wr 


296  rbeuisroKY      Vol.  iir. 

King  ter  managed  by  the  Englijh  Army,  who  were  for  In- 
Charles  I-dependancy,  and  a  better  Principle  of  Toleration ; 
^L^^  but  as  Things  ftood  nobody  was  pleafed  ;  the  Epif- 
'^  copalians  and  Independants  were  excluded  ;  and  be- 

caufe  the  Parliament  would  not  give  the  feveral 
Prefbyteries  an  abfolute  Power  over  their  Commu- 
nicants, but  referved  the  laft  Appeal  to  themfelves, 
neither  the  Scots  nor  Englijh  Prelbyterians  would  ac- 
cept it. 

When  the  Scheme  was  laid  before  i\\q  Scots  Parlia- 
ment, and  General  Aflembly,  as  a  Plan  for  Unifor- 
mity between  the  two  Nations,  they  infifted  upon  the 
following  Amendments. 

Exceptions  (i.)  "  That  no  godly  Minifter  may  be  excluded 
of  the  tc  from  being  a  Member  of  ClafTical,  Provincial,  or 
Sri/^    "  National  Affemblies. 

Difcipline.      (^O  "  That  the  ordinary  Time  for  the  Meeting  of 

Ruftiw.     •'  the  National  Aflembly  may  be  fixed;  with  a  Re- 

p.  153.     <<  ferve  of  Power  to  the  Parliament  to  convene  them 

"  when  they  pleafe,  and  a  Liberty  to  the  Church 

''  to  meet  oftner  on  necelTary  Orcafions. 

(3.)  '*  That  the  Congregational  Elder Jhip  ma-j  have 
*'  Power  to  judge  in  Cajes  of  Scandal  not  exprejjed.  This 
**  they  conceive  can*t  be  conftrued  lodging  an  arbitra- 
•*  ry  Power  in  theChurch*,  whereas  on  the  other  hand, 
'*  the  appointing  fuch  Provincial  Co mynijji oners  as  are 
"  fettled  in  the  Ordinance  will  occafion  Difpuies, 
*'  create  a  Difconformity  between  this  and  other 
*«  Churches,  and  is  a  Mixture  in  Church  Governmenc 
''  altogether  without  Precedent.  This  Bufinefs  there- 
«'  fore  they  conceive  may  be  better  manag'd  by  AJ- 
«'  femblies  of  Minijiers  and  Ruling  Elders. 
,  ,  (4.)  "  That  the  Ordinance  for  Ordination  of  Mini- 
«'  Jiers  may  be  perpetual. 

(5.)  "  The  Manner  oi  fubieding  Church  Aflem- 
*'  blies  to  theControul  and  Decifion  of  Parliament, 
«*  being  very  liable  to  Miftakes  ;  the  Excmptioh 
«*  Jikewifeot  Perfons  of  Diftindtion  from  Ecclefiaftir 

"  cal 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Puritans.  297 

"  cal  Cenfures ;    and  the  Adminiftring   the  Sacra-    King 
*'  menc  to  fome  Perfons,  againft  the  Confcience  of^^*^'"  ^• 
*'  the  Minil^ry  and   Elderfhips  ♦,    thcfe,   and   fome  sJ->^^ 
*'  other  Particulars,  being  more  than  they  can  admit, 
"  they  defire  may  bealter'd  to  general  Satisfa(5lion. 

(6.)  "  As  to  the  Articles,  relating  to  the  perpe- 
*'  tual  Officers  of  the  Church,  with  their  refpe<5live 
**  Functions;  the  Order  and   Power  of  Church- Af- 
"  fembJies ;  the  Direftions  for  publick  Repentance 
*'  or  Penance;  the  Rules  for  Excommunication  and 
*'  Abfolution ;"  all  thefe  they  defire  may  be  fixed  and 
fettled,  purfuant  to  i\itCovenant^  and  with  the  joint  Ad- 
vice of  the  Divines  of  both  Kingdoms  p.  e.  the  Afiem- 
bly  at  Wejiminfier]  long  fince  offered  to  both  Houfes. 
After  the  Delivery  of  thefe  Papers  by  the  Scots  Com- 
miflioners,  and  before  the  Houfes  had  returned  an 
Anfwer,  they  were  publifhed  in  print  with  a  Preface, 
by  a  private  Hand,  which  provoked  the  Houfes  to 
fuch  a  Degree,    that  April  14.  they  voted  it  to  be 
burnt   by   the  Hands  of  the    Common  Hangman, 
which  was  done  accordingly.     April  17.  the  Com- 
mons publifhed  their  Anfwer  to  the  Commiflloners 
Papers,  in  which  they  declare  to  the  World,  "  Thatp.iWM- 
*'  their  real  Intentions  are  to  fettle  Religion  accord- "J^"''* 
*'  ing  to  the  Covenant,  and  to  maintain  the  ancient  ^''^' 
"  and    fundamental  Government  of  this  Kingdom. 
*'  They  think  it  ftrange  that  any  fober  and  modeft 
"  Men  fhould  imagine,  they  are  unwilling  to  fettle 
"  any  Government  in  the  Church,  after  they  have 
"  declared  fo  fully  for  the  Prefby  terian  ;  have  taken  fo 
*'  much  Pains  for  the  Settling  it ;  have  pafTed  moft  of 
*'  the  Particulars  brought  to  them  by  theAflembly  of 
"  Divines,  without  any  material  Alteration,  fave  in 
*'  the  Point  of  Commiffioners  -,  and  have  publifhed 
*'  fo  many  Ordinances  for  putting  the  fame  in  Execu- 
*'  tion,  onl'j  hecaufe  ibey  cannot  confent  to  the  granting  an 
*'  arbitrary  and  unlimited  Power  and  Jurifdi£iion  to  near 
**  ten  Thoufand  Judicatories   to  be  ere^ed  within  this 
\[  Kingdom,  and  this  demanded  in  fueb  a  way  as  is  not 

*'  (on- 


298 

King 

Charles  I. 

1645. 


^y^^  HISTORY         VolIIf. 

conftjlent  with  the  fundamental  Laws  and  Government 
of  the  fa?ne,  and  by  necejfary  Confequence  excluding  the 
Parliament  <?/ England /ro;«  the  Exercife  of  all  Kccle- 
ftaftical  Jurtfdiltion.  This,  fay  they,  has  been  the 
great  Caufe  that  Church  Government  has  not  been 
long  fince  fettled  j  and  we  have  the  more  Reafon 
not  to  part  with  this  Power  out  of  the  Hands  of 
the  Civil  Magiftrate,  fmce  the  Experience  of  all 
Ages  will  manifcft,  that  the  Reformation  and  Pu- 
rity of  Religion,  and  the  Prefervation  and  Prote- 
dion  of  the  People  of  God  in  this  Kingdom,  has, 
under  God,  been  owing  to  the  Parliament's  Exer- 
cife of  this  Power.  If  then  the  Minds  of  any  are 
difturbed  for  want  of  the  prefent  Settling  of  Church 
Government,  let  them  apply  to  thofe  [Minifters] 
who  having  fufficient  Power  andDiredlion  from  the 
Houfes  on  that  behalf,  have  not,  as  yet,  put  the 
fame  in  Execution.'* 


Englifti 

Presbyte- 
rians fe/i- 
tton 
agatfijl 
the  Ordi- 
Tiance. 
MS, 

penes  me, 
Sell.  608. 


The  Englijh  Presbyterians  having  refolved  to  ftand 
and  fall  with  tht  Scots^  refufed  peremptorily  to  comply 
with  the  Ordinance,  relying  upon  the  Afllftance  and 
Support  of  that  Nation.  Mr.  Marjhall &.oQd  up  in  the 
Affembly,  March  20.  and  laid.  That  fince  an  Ordi- 
nance of  Parliamenrfor  Church  Government  was  now 
publifhed,  and  fpeedily  to  be  put  in  Execution  •,  and 
fince  there  were  feme  Things  in  that  Ordinance  which 
lay  very  hard  upon  his  Confcience,  and  upon  the 
Confciences  of  many  of  his  Brethren  (though  he  blef- 
fed  God  for  the  Zeal  of  the  two  Houfes  in  Settling 
the  Government  of  the  Church  thus  far)  yet  being 
much  preffed  in  Spirit  with  feme  Things  contain- 
ed in  the  Ordinance,  he  moved,  that  a  Committee 
might  be  appointed  to  examine  what  Things  in 
the  Ordinance  were  contrasy  to  their  Confciences, 
and  to  prepare  a  Petition  to  prefent  them  to  the  two 
Houfes  -  ■  -A  Petition  was  accordingly  drawn  up, 
and  prefented  March  23.  by  the  whole  Affembly, 
with  Mr.  Marpml  at  their  Head     In  this  Petition 

they 


Chap.  VI.      o/"  //^tf  P  u  R  I T  A  N  s.  299 

they  affcrt  the  Divine  Right  of  the  Prefbyterian     King 
Government,    and  complain  of  a  Claufe  in  the  late^^^r'"  ^' 
Ordinance,  which  t^dihWih^s  an  Appeal  frovi  the  C  en-  ^}^^^ 
fures  of  the  Church  to  a  Committee  of  Parliament.     It  was  ^^^ 
a  bold  and  daring  Attempt  of  ihefe  Divines,  who  were 
called  together  only  for  their  Advice,  to  examine  and 
cenfure  the  Ordinances  of  Parliament,  and  difpute  ia 
this  manner  with  their  Superiors;    the  Commons, 
alarm*d  at  this  Petition,  appointed  a  Committee  to  take 
into  Confideration  the  Matter  and  Manner  of  it,  who 
after  fome  Time  reported  it  as  their  Opinion,  that  ther%  are 
AfTembly  of  Divines  in  their  late  Petition  had  bro- '^';^^'^''*'' 
ken  the  Privileges  of  Parliament,  and  were  guilty  of^^'    " 
a  Praemunire  ;  and  whereas  they  infifled  fo  pe-„/yj, 
remptorily  on  the  Jus  Divinum  of  the  Prefbyterian 
Government,  the  Committee  had  drawn  up  certain 
Queries,  which  they  defired  the  AfTembly  might  re- 
folve  for  their  Satisfadlion  j  the  Houfe  agreed  to  the 
Report  of  the  Committee,  and  on  the  gotla  of  April 
fent  Sir  John  Evelin,    Mr.  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  and  Mr. 
Browne,    to  the  AfTembly,    to  acquaint  them  with 
their  Refolutions.     Thefe  Gentlemen  fet  before  them 
their  rafh  and   imprudent  Condud:,  and   in  feveral 
Speeches   fhewed  wherein  they   had  exceeded  their 
Province,    which  was,    to  advife  the  Houfes   in  fuch 
Points  as  the'j  Jhould  lay  before  them,  but  not  to  dilate  to 
ihofe  to  whom  they  owed  their  being  an  AJfembly.     Then 
4hey  read  the  Votes  abovementioned,  and  delivered 
in  the  following  Queftions,    with  the  Orders  of  the 
Houfe  thereupon. 

^ejiions  propounded  to  the  Affembly  of  Divines  by  the^ejihrtt 
Houfe  of  Commons,  touching  the  Point  of  Jus  Divinum/^"'  '"  '*• 
in  the  Matters  of  Church  Government.  y^lfemhiy 

J  relativg  to 

the  Jus  Di- 

I.  **  Whether  the  Congregational  and  Prefbyteri-vinum. 
*'  al  Elderfhips  appointed  by  Ordinance  of  Parlia-Ru^^- 
'*  ment,    or  any  other  Congregational  or  Prefbyte-P' ^*^'^' 
"  rial  Elderfhips  arc  Jure  Divim,  and  by  the  Will 
^  '*  and 


300  916^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King  «  and  Appointment  of  Jefus  Chrift  ?  and^  Whethe^ 
Charles  !.«  any  particular  Church  Government  be  J^^r^Di-ufw  ? 
yj-yi^  *«  and,  What  that  Government  is  ? 

2.  **  Whether  all  the  Members  of  the  faid  Elder- 
**  fhips,  as  Members  thereof,  or  which  of  them, 
"  are  Jure  Divino,  and  by  the  Will  and  Appoint- 
"  ment  of  Jefus  Chrift  ? 

3.  '»  Whether  the  Clafilcal,  Provincial,  and  Na- 
"  tional  Aflemblies,  all,  or  any  of  them,  and  which 
*'  of  them  are  Jure  DivinOy  and  by  the  Will  and 
"  Appointment  of  Jefus  Chrift  ? 

4.  **  Whether  Appeals  from  Congregational  Elder- 
••  ftiips  to  Claflical,  Provincial,  and  National  Affem- 
*^  blies,  or  any  of  them,  and  to  which  of  them,  are 
««  Jure  DivinOy  and  by  the  Will  and  Appointment 
«'  of  Jefus  Chrift  ?  and,  Whether  their  Powers  up- 
"  on  fuch  Appeals  are  Jure  Divino,  and  by  the  Will 
**  and  Appointmeut  of  Jefus  Chrift  ? 

5.  "  Whether  Oecumenical  Aflemblies  are  Jure 
«'  Divino?  and,  Whether  there  be  Appeals  from 
**  any  of  the  former  Aflemblies  to  the  faid  Oecume- 
"  nical  Jure  Dhino^  and  by  the  Will  and  Appoint- 
"  ment  of  Jefus  Chrift  ? 

6.  **  Whether  by  the  Word  of  God,  the  Power 
**  of  judging  and  declaring  what  are  fuch  notorious 
*'  and  fcandalous  Offences,  for  which  Perfons  guilty 
*'  thereof  are  to  be  kept  from  the  Sacrament  of  the 
**  Lord's  Supper,  and  of  convening  before  them,* 
"  trying,  and  adVually  fufpending  from  the  Sacra- 
*'  ment  of  the  Lord's  Supper  fuch  Offenders,  is 
'*  either  in  the  Congregational  Elderftiip,  Prefbyte- 
*'  ry,  or  in  any  other  Elderfliip,  Congregation,  or 
'*  Perfons  ?  and,  Whether  fuch  Powers  are  in  them 
*'  only,  or  any  of  them,  and  in  which  of  them  Jure 
"  Diviiw,  and  by  the  Will  and  Appointment  of  Je- 
«'  fus  Chrift  ? 

7.  "  Whether  there  be  any  certain  and  particular 
"  Rules  expreffed  in  the  Word  of  God  to  direft  the 
**  Elderihips,    or  Prefbyieries,    Congregations,    or 

''  Per- 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  ?\5TL  IT  A.'ii  s.  3^' 

««  Perfons,  or  any  of  them,  in    the   Exercife    and   ^^"i 
«'  Execution  of  the  Powers  aforefaid,  and  what  are^*"^"'"  ^• 
•*  thofe  Rules  ?  V^^yO 

8.  **  Is  there  any  Thing  contained  in  the  Word  ot 
*'  God,  that  the  fupreme  Magiftracy  in  a  Chnftian 
"  Stace  may  not  judge  and  determine  what  are  the 
*'  aforefaid  notorious  and  fcandalous  Offences,  and 
**  the  Manner  of  Sufpcnfion  for  the  fame  -,  and  in 
**  what  Particulars  concerning  the  Premifes  is  the 
•<  faid  fupreme  Magiftracy  by  the  Word  of  God 
*'  excluded  ? 

9.  "  Whether  the  Prorifion  of  Commiffioners  to 
«*  judge  of  Scandals  not  enumerated  (as  they  are  au- 
*'  thorized  by  the  Ordinance  of  Parliament)  be  con- 
'*  trary  to  that  way  of  Government  which  Chrift 
**  has  appointed  in  his  Church?  and.  Wherein  are 
"  they  fo  contrary  ?  " 

In  the  Affembly's  Anfwer  to  thefe  Particulars  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  ordered,  the  Proofs  from  Scrip- 
ture to  be  fet  down,  with  the  feveral  Texts  at 
large,  in  the  exprefs  Words  of  the  fame  ;  and  thac 
every  Minifter  of  the  Aflembly  that  fhould  be  pre- 
fent  at  the  Debate  of  any  of  thefe  Queftions  fhould 
fubfcribe  his  refpe<5live  Name  in  the  AfErmative  or 
Negative,  according  as  he  gave  his  Vote  :  And  that 
thole  who  diffented  from  the  major  Part  Ihould  fet 
down  their  pofitive  Opinions^  with  the  exprefs  Texts 
of  Scripture  upon  which  their  Opinions  are  grounded. 

'Tis  eafy  to  difcover  the  Hand  of  Mr.  Leiden  andRew/»rfo. 
Wbillock  in  thefe  Queftions ;  which  were  fent  to  the 
AfTembly  not  with  any  Profpedtof  a  fatisfadtory  An- 
fwer, but  to  employ,  and,  it  may  be,  to  divide 
them,  till  they  faw  how  they  were  like  to  fettle  with 
the  King.  The  Houfes  were  afraid  of  being  fetter*d 
with  the  Scots  Difcipline,  and  yet  the  Scots  were  not 
to  be  difgulted,  becaufe  they  had  an  Army  in  the 
North,  to  whom  the  King  had  committed  the  Cufto- 
dy  of  his  royal  Perfon. 

As 


302  T;&^  H  I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IH. 

King        As  foon  as  the  Aflembly  had  heard  the  Refolutions 
Charles  I- of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  abovemcntioned,  and  the 
yL^i^  Queftions  read,  firft  by  Sir  J.  Evelin,  and  then  by 
They  are    their  Scribe,  they  adjourned  in  a  very  great  Fright 
ierrffed,    till  next  Morning,  in  order  to  confult  their  Brethren 
and  ap'    j^,  jj^g  cj^y  ^  and  then  appointed  a  Day  of  Parting  and 
foint  a      Humiliation  for  themfelves,  in  reference  ro  their  pre- 
fent  Cirumftances,  and  fent  Letters  to  all  the  Members 
ro  give  their  Attendance.     The  Faft  was  obferved 
within  their  own  Walls  on  f^'edne/day  May  6.  from  nine 
in  the  Morning  till  four  in  the  Afternoon  ;  and  Com- 
mittees were  appointed  t6  confider  of  an  Anfwer  to 
the  Queftions,  whofe  Report  we  fhall  hear  under  the 
next  Year. 
Committee     In  the  mean  Time,  we  muft  go  back  a  little,  to 
vfAccom-  fake  a  View  of  the  Attempts  that  were  made  to  com- 
p!«»erT for P^^^^"^  the  Independants^  or  diffenting  Brethren  in 
Accommo-  the  Aflembly  within  the  new  Eftablifhment,  or  at 
datiovy      leaft  to  obtain  a  Toleration  for  them  \  the  Parlia- 
P-  ^«         ment    had   ordered,    September  13.    1644.    that  the 
'^  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons  appointed  to 
*"  treat  with  the  Scots  CommilHoners,  and  the  Com- 
«'  mirtee  of  Divines,  do  lake  into  Confideration  the 
"  Differences  of  the  Opinions  of  the  Members  of  the 
**  Aflembly    in  point  of  Church  Government,  and 
"  endeavour  an  Union  if  pjfihle  \  and  if  that  cannot 
"  be  accomplifhed,    endeavour    to   find    out  fome 
*<  Way  how  far  tender  Confciences^  who  cannot  in  all 
**  Things  fubmit  to  the  fame  Rule,  may  he  born  with,  ac- 
'*  cording  to  the  Word  of  God^  and  confijlent  with  the  pub- 
"  lick  Peace ."  This  was  called  the  Grand  Commit- 
tee OF  Accommodation, which  met  the  firit  Time, 
Sept,  20.  and  chofe  a  Sub-Committee  of  fix  Divines 
of  the  AlTembly,  to  confider  the  Points  of  Difference, 
and  to  prepare  Materials  for  the  Confideration  of  the 
Grand  Committee  ;  the  Names  of  the  Divines  were  the 
Reverend  Mr.  Marjhal,  Mr.  Uerle,    Mr.  Vines^  Dr. 
temple,  Mr.  Goodwin,  and  Mr.  Nye,  who  after  feve- 
ral  Confultations  among  themfelves,  delivered  to  the 

Com- 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Puritans.  303 

Committee  certain    Propofitions  [O^oh.  15.  1644.]    King 
which  were  read  by  Mr.  Vines ^    their  Chairman  : Charles  I. 
The  Indepemiants  would  have  ftated  the  Difference  ^Jf4j- 
between  the  two  Parties,  and  endeavoured  a  Com- ^^^^'^"^^^ 
promile  while  the  Dilcipline  of  the  Church  was  de- 
pending  i  but  the  Prefbyterians  infifted.  That  the  new 
Form  of  Government  fliould  firft  pafs  into  a  Law  as 
a  Standard^  and  then  the  Exceptions  of  the  Im^epen- 
dants  be  confider'd  ;  upon  which  they  were  adjourned 
by  Order  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  till  the  Affair 
fhould  be  determined  in  the  Affembly,  who  agreed, 
April  4.   1645.  that  the  Bnthren  who  had  entered  their  Remnfi*. 
DiJfefJt  againji  the  Prejb^terian  Government  Jhould  he  aP*  3* 
Committee  to  bring  in  the  whole  Frame  of  their  Government 
in  a  Body,  with  their  Grounds  and  Reafons.     The  Indc' 
pendants  defired  liberty  to  bring  it  in  by  Parts,  as  the 
Prejhyterians.h^d  done  their  Advices  \  but  this  not  be- 
ing admitted,  they  defired  Time  to  perfeft  their  Plan 
before  any  other  Scheme  paffed  into  a  Law  j  but  the 
Prefbyterians,  without  any  Regard  to  the  Compro- 
mife,   by  the  A ffiftance  of  their  i'^o/j  Friends,  pufhed 
the  Affair  to  a  Conclufion  in  Parliament ;  upon  which 
the  Independantslaid  afide  their  Mi?(i^/,  and  publifheda 
Remonflrance,  complaining  of  the  artful  Condud:  of 
the  Affembly,  and  that  the  Difcipline  of  the  Church 
being  fixed,  it  was  too  late  to  think  any  more  of 
a  Comprehenfiun.  But  the  Houfe  of  Commons  having 
feen  their  Miftake  took  the  Affair  in  hand,  and  re- 
vived the  Committee  of  Accommodation  by  an  Order  of 
Nov.  6.  1645.    v/hich,    befides  the  Scots  Commifli- 
oners,  confiited  of  the  following  Peers,  viz. 

Earl  of  Northumberland^        Lord  Wharton,  and 
Earl  of  Manchefler,  Lord  Howard, 

Lord  Vic.  Say  and  Scale j 

Thefe  were  to  be  met  by  the  following  Members 
of  the  Affembly,  viz, 

Dr, 


304  Ty&f  HISTORY         Vol.lll, 

King 

Charles  I.pr^  BurgeSy  Mr.  Vines^  Mr.  Arrowfmitb^ 

y^^^  Mr.  M^r/6d/,  Mr.  Hill,  Dr.  5wi/^, 

^^'^  Mr.  Herk,  Dr.  Temple,  Mr.  Seaman^ 

Mr.  Reynolds,  Mr.  Palmer^  Mr.  Newcomen, 

Dr.  H(9y<?,  Mr.  'Tuckney,  Mr.  2^««g. 
Mr.  ?F^f/^, 

with  the  diffenting  Brethren  of  the  Aflembly. 

Mr. Tho. Goodwin,    Mr.  Nye,  Mr.  Bridge, 

Mr.  Simp/on,  Mr.  Burroughs^      Mr.  D«ry. 

5*^  Cow-    .  The  Committee  met  in  the  Jerufalem  Chamher  Nov. 
mittees      jy^  and  would  have  enter*d  upon  a  Scheme  for  Com- 
revtved.    prehenfion,  but  the  Independants  moved  only  for  an 
Jccomme-  -^»^«^^^«^'?  or  Toleration,  for  they  faid   they  had  al- 
dation.      ready  moved  in  the  Aflembly,  and  elfewhere,  that 
p.  14,  z4-  their  Scheme  of  Government  might  be  debated  before 
the  Prejbyterian  had  pafled  into  a  Law,  and  for  this 
Purpofe  had  offered  to  prepare  a  compleat  Model,  if 
they  might  have  been  indulg'd  but  a  few  Days ;  but 
this  being  over-ruled,  and  another  Form  of  Govern- 
ment fettled,  they  apprehended  themfelves  fhut  out 
from  the  Eftablilhment,    and  precluded   from   any 
further  Attempts  towards  an  Union  or  Comprehen- 
fion  ;  but  ftill,  they  were  willing  to  enter  upon  the 
fecond  Part  of  the  Parliament's  Order,  which  was  to 
confider.  How  far  tender  Confciences,  who  cannot  in  all 
Things  fubmit  to  the  ejlahlijh'd  Rule,  may  he  indulged^ 
confiftent  with  the  Word  of  God  and  the  publick  Peace. 
Accordingly  in  their  next  Meeting,  Dec,  4.  they  of- 
fered the  following  Propofals. 

Taking  for  granted  that  both  Sides  (hall  agree  in 
one  Confefllon  of  Faith,  they  humbly  crave, 
propofah        i.  That  their  Congregations  may  have  the  Power 
s>fthe  In-  of  Ordination  within  themfelves. 

TJ'Is'         ^'  '^^^^  ^^^y  "^^y  "°^  ^^  brought  under  the  Power 
of  Claffes,  nor  forced  to  communisate  in  thofe  Parifh 

Churches 


Chap.  VI.      cf  tbe  Puritan  s.  305 

Churches  wherein  they  dwell,    but  that  they  may     ^'^''^S 
have  Liberty  to  join  with  luch  Congregations  as  they  ^"^""^^  ^' 
choofe,  which  Congregations  (hall  have  Power  of  all  ^„/->J-^ 
Church  Cenfures  within  themfelves,  fubjecflonly  tC  Par- 
liament ;  and  be  as  fo  many  exempt,  or  privileged  Pla.:s, 

To  the  Preamble  the  Prefa^teriatn  replied,    that  ''<^Ph  <^^ 
none  but  fuch  as  agreed  to  their  Confeffion  of  Faith  f  "  ^'l^^' 
and  Direcflory  fhould  have  the  Benefit  of  the  For-p',^^„^/ 
bearance  to  be  agreed  on,    with  whom   the  Com- Ac mjin^o- 
mittee  agreed  •,  but   the   Independants  would  admit ^*'''''"- 
only  of  the  Affirmative,  'Thatfucb  as  agreed  ivith  them  P-  ^^'  ^S>> 
Jljould   be    tolerated  \    and  would  not  confent  to  the^'^'"''* 
Negative,  fo  as  to  fet  Bounds  or  Limits  of  Forbear- 
ance to  tender  Confciences,  nor  m.ake  fuch  an  A<2;ree- 
ment  a  neceflary  Qualincation  for  receiving,  the  Sa- 
crament. •','    "r      . 

To  the  Defire  of  the  Independants,  of  being 
exempted  from  the  Jurifdicflion  of  their  ClalTes,  and 
having  a  Liberty  of  erecting  fcparace  Congregations, 
the  Prefbyterians  replied, 

1.  That  this  implied  a  total  Separation  from  thell^-  p- lo, 
cftablifhed  Rule.  ^^f- 

2.  The  Lawfulnefs  of  gathering  Churches  out  of 
other  true  Churches. 

3.  That  the  Parliament  woulij  then  deftroy  what, 
they  had  fet  up. 

4.  That  Members  of  Independant  Churches  would 
then  have  greater  Privilege  than  thofe  of  the  Efta- 
blifhment. 

5.  I'hat  this  would  countenance  a  perpetual  Schifm. 
And, 

6.  Introduce  all  Manner  of  Confufion  in  Families. 

They  therefore  offered.  That  fuch  as  after  Confe- 
rence wich  iheir  Parifh  Minifter  were  not.fatisfied  with 
the  Eftablilhmenr,  fhould  nol  be  compell'd  to  com- 
municate in  the  Lord's  Supper,  nor  be  liable  to  Cen- 
fures from  ClalTes  or  Synods,  provided  they  join'd  with 
the  Parifh  Congregation  v^^here  they  lived,  and  were 
under  the  Government  of  it  in  other  refpec^ls. 

Vol.  Iir.  X  The 


3o6  7)6^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

rh^T'^  The  Independants  replied,  That  they  did  not  intend 
i6a<.  ^^^^^  Separation,  but  (hould  agree  with  their  Bre- 
o-V-C^  thren  in  the  mod  effcntial  Points  ;  as  in  worfhipping 
Anfiver  oyaccording  to  the  Dire6lory,  in  choofing  the  fame 
ihe  Inde-  Officers,  Paftors,  Teachers,  Ruling  Elders,  with  the 
pendants.  ^^^^  Qualifications  as  in  ihtRule.    That  they  fhould 

Papers  for  .^^,      ^  ^^      ,.-        .  .       ,.     ,,•', 

Accommo'  r^QU't'e  the  lame  Qualihcanons  in  their  Members  as 
dation.  the  AfTembly  had  advifed,  that  is,  vifible  SainlSy  fro- 
V''^9ilo,feJJ'mg  Faith  in  Chriji,  and  Obedience  to  him,  according 
to  the  Rules  of  Faith  and  Life  taught  by  Chriji  and  his 
Jpojlles ;  that  they  (hould  pradife  the  fame  Church 
Cenfures,  being  accountable  for  their  Condudl  to  their 
civil  Superiors.  They  would  alfo  hold  occafional 
Communion  with  the  Prefbyterian  Churches,  in  Bap- 
tifm  and  the  Lord's  Supper,  communicating  occa- 
fionally  with  them,  and  rcceivincr  their  Members  to 
Communion  as  occafion  required.  Their  Minifters 
fliould  preach  for  each  other,  and  in  Cafes  of  Diffi- 
culty they  would  call  in  their  Affiftance  and  Advice  -, 
and  when  an  Ordination  falls  our,  they  wouid  defire 
the  Prefence  and  Approbation  of  their  Minifters 
with  their  own.  Now  furely,  fay  they,  this  does 
not  imply  a  total  Separation  ;  but  if  in  fome  Things 
Men  cannot  comply  with  the  ejlabli/hed  Ride  with- 
out Sin,  we  think  fuch  Perfons  ought  not  to  live 
without  communicating  in  the  Lord's  Supper  all 
their  Days,  rather  than  gather  into  Churches  where 
they  may  enjoy  all  Ordinances  without  Offence  to 
lb.  p.  iSi  their  Confciences  —  Nor  ought  fuch  Separation  to 
S*^*  be  accounted  Schifm,  which  is  a  Name  of  Reproach 

we  defire  not  to  be  branded  with,  when  we  arc 
willing  to  maintain  Chriftian  Love  and  Communion 
with  our  Neighbours,  as  far  as  our  Confciences  will 
Ib.p.40.  permit  —  Tliey  add  further,  that  if  the  Slate  is  plea- 
fed  to  grant  them  this  Liberty,  they  will  refer  them- 
felves  to  the  Wifdom  of  the  Legiflature  to  confiderof 
limiting  their  Congregacions  to  a  certain  Number,  to 
be  as  fo  many  Receptacles  for  pious  Perfons  of  tender 
Confciences. 

The 


Chap.  VI.      of  f/je  PuRiT  Ai^  s.  *        307 

The  Pre/hyterians  in  their  next  Reply,  Dec.  23.  af-  ^  -K^'n-T 
ter  having  blamed  the  Independanls  for  not   going^'^^^^''^  ^' 
upon  a  Comprehenfion,  argue  againit  the  Lawtubicjs  ^^,,1.^^-1^ 
of  a  Separation  after  this  Manner :  "  That  if  a  Pre- 7;,.  prcf- 
*'  tence  of  Confcience  be  a  fufficient  Ground  of  Se-bytcriana 
*'  paration.    Men   may  gather  impure   and  corrupt ^^/'6''  ^ 

i-.,  ,  r  \  r  \      TA-n.  cP^Pers  for 

**  Cnurches  out  or  purer,  becaule  upon  the  JJictace  oi^^J^^^^^ 

"  an  erring  Confcience  they  may  difallow  that  which ^^^^^^^ 

"  is  pure,  and  fet  up  that  which  is  agreeable  to  theirp.  51, 

"  erring  Confciences  ;  and  we  very  much  doubt  (fay 

"  they)  whether  Tfndernefs  of  Confcience  in  doubt- 

"  ful  Points  will  juftify  a  Separation  ;  it  tnay  oblige 

"  Men  to  forbear  Communion,  but  not  to  in  up  a 

"  contrary    Pracflice.     If    a    Church    impofe    any 

*'  Thing  that  is  fmful  we  muft  forbear  to  comply, 

**  yet  without  Separation,  as  was  the  Practice  of  the 

'*  Puritans   in    the   late  Times  •——.'*     They    then 

argue  from  the  Conccflions  of  the  Inde pendants,  that 

becaufe  they  agree  with  them  in  fo  many  material 

Points,    therefore  they   fhould  not   feparate.     *'  I/,^''  P-5^». 

*'  fay  they,  you  can  communicate  with  our  Church 

*'  occafwnally,    once,    or    a  fecond   and    third  Time 

"  without  Sin,  we  know  no  Reafon  why  you  may 

*'  not  do  it  conftantly,  and  then  Separation  will  be 

"  needlefs As  for  fuch  a  Toleration  as  cur  Brc- 

"  thren  delire,  we  apprehend  k  will  open  a  Door  to 
"  all  Seds  -,  and  though  the  Independaj:ts  now  plead 
"  for  ir,  their  Brethren  in  New  England  don*  ca\- 
"  low  it.'* 

As  to  the  Charge  of  Scbifm  they  admit,   that  Diffe-Ibiii. 
fence  in   Judgment  in  fome  particular  Points  is  notP**^^'  7^* 
Schijm  ;  nor  does  an   Inconformicy   to  fome  Things^'** 
enjoin'd  dfferve  rhat  Name  ;   but  our  Bret;nren  defire 
further  to  fet  up  feparate  Communions,   which  is  a  ma- 
niftft    Rupture  of  our  Societies  .into  others,  and   is 
therefore  a  Schlfm  in  the  Body.     This  is  letting  up 
Altar  againft  Aicar,  allowing  our  Churches  (as  the 
Independants  do)  to  be  true  Churches  ;  for  St.  Aujiin 
lays,  Scbifmaticos  facit  non  diver/a  Fides ,  Jed  commuai* 

X   2  enis 


3oS  r.^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King    onis  difrupta  Societas.     And  we  conceive,    ic   is  the 
Charles  ^-Caufeof  the  Separation  that  makes  Schifm,  and  not 
y^^-iyi^the  Separation  itfelf;  if  then  the  Caufe  of  our  Bre- 
threns  Separation  be  not  fufficient,    by  what  other 
Name  can  it  be  called  ?  To  all  which  they  add,  that 
this  Indulgence,  if  granted,  will  be  the  Mother  of 
all  Contentions,  Strifes,  Herefies,  and  Confufions  in 
the  Church  ;  and  contrary  to  their  Covenant,  which 
obliges  them  to  endeavour  to  their  utmoft  an  Uni- 
formity. 
'Anfiverof      When  the  Committee  met  the  next  Time,  Feb.  2. 
/;jelnde-  i6/[^.  the  Indepetidants  replied  chiefly  [o  ihe  Point 
Paper^for  ^^  Uniformity,  and  argued,  that  it  was  not  necefiary 
Accommo-  to  the  Peace  of  the  Churches ;  and  ought  not  to 
datiov.      extend    beyond    Peoples    Light,    according    to  the 
p.  86.       Apoflolical  Canon,  As  far  as  we  have  attained  let  us 
walk  by  the  fame  Rule,  Phil.  iii.  15.     As  for  a  mere 
Exemption  from  the  Cenfures  of  the  Ciafles,    they 
declared  frankly  they  could  notacquiefce  in  it,  bccaufe 
it  would  deprive  them  of  the  Enjoyment  of  the  Lord's 
Supper ;  and  that  it  was  very  hard  to  urge,  that  bc- 
caufe they  came  fo  near  their  Brethren,  therefore  they 
Ihould  be  obliged  to  a  total  and  conftant  Conformity. 

Conchfton      The  Committee  met  the  laft  Time,  March  g.  when 

eftheytd'^Y^Q  Sub-Committce  of  Prefbyterian  Divines  anfwer- 

^  ^"  "  *  ed  the  laft  Paper  of  the  Indepejidants,    maintaining 

all  their  former  Pofitions  in  the  beft  Manner  they 

could,  and  concluding  in  this  ftrange  and  wonderful 

lb.  p^iij. Manner  :  '-That  whereas  their  Brethren  fay,  that 

"  Uniformity  ought  to  be  urged  no  lurcher  than  is 

"  agreeable  to  all  Mens  Confciences,  and  to  their  Edi- 

*'  fication  ;  it  feems  to  them,  as  if  their  Brethren  not 

*'  only  defired  Liberty  of  Confcience  for  themfelves, 

*'  but  for  all  Men,  and  would  have  us  think,  that 

**  we    are    bound   by  our  Covenant    to  bring    the 

*<  Churches  in  the  three  Kingdoms  to  no  nearer  a 

*'  Conjundion   and   Uniformity  than    is    confiftent 

*'  with  the  Liberty  of  all  Mens  Confciences ;  which 

"  whe- 


Chap.  VI.       (?///'£•  Pu  R  I  TAN  s.  309 

**  whether  it  be  the  Senfe  of  the  Covenant,  we  leave     Kirg 
'*  with  the  honourable  Committee."  Charles  I. 

Upon  which  the  Reverend  Mr.  Jer.  Burroughs^  ^^s•^/^ 
Divine  of  great  Candor  and  Moderation,  declared  in 
tl^e  Name  of  the  InJepe-ndants,  "  That  if  their  Con- 
*'  gregations  might  not  be  exempted  from  that  coer- 
*'  cive  Power  of  the  ClaiTes  i  if  tlicy  might  not  have 
*'  Liberty  to  govern  themfelves  in  their  own  Way, 
*'  as  long  as  they  behaved  peaceably  towards  the  Ci- 
"  vil  Migiftrate,  they  were  refulvcdto  fuficr,  or  go 
"  to  fome  other  Place  of  the  World,  where  they 
•'  might  enjoy  the.r  Liberty.  But  while  Men  think 
"  there  is  no  Way  of  Peace  but  by  forcing  all  to  be 
**  of  the  fame  Mind  (fays  he)  while  they  think  the 
"  civil  Sword  is  an  Ordinance  of  God  to  determine 
"  all  Controverfies  of  Divinity,  and  that  if  muft 
"  needs  be  attended  with  Fines  and  Imprilonmenc 
"  to  the  Difobedient ;  while  they  apprehend  there  is 
"  no  Mediun^  between  a  ftrich  Uniformity,  and  a 
"  general  Confafion  of  all  Things  *,  while  thefe 
"  Sentiments  prevail  there  muft  be  a  bale  Subjection 
"  of  Mens  Confciences  to  Slavery,  a  Suppreffion  of 
"  much  Truth,  and  great  Difturbances  in  the  Chri- 
'^  ftian  World." 

Thus  ended  the  laft  Committee  of  Lords  zndKemarh, 
Commons,  and  AlTembly  of  Divines,  for  Accommoda- 
tion, whch  adjourned  ro  a  certain  Day,  but  being  then 
diverted  by  other  Affairs  met  no  more.  Little  did 
the  Prefbyterian  Divines  think,  that  in  jefs  than 
twenty  Years  all  their  Artillery  would  be  turned 
againft  themfelves  ;  that  they  ihould  be  excluded 
the  Eftablifhment  by  an  A61  of  Prelatical  Unifor- 
rrity  \  that  they  (hould  be  reduced  to  the  Necefllty 
of  pleading  for  that  Indulgence  which  they  now  de-? 
nied  their  Brethren  -,  and  think  it  their  Duty  to  ga- 
ther Churches  for  feparate  WorOiip  out  of  others, 
which  they  allowed  to  be  true  ones.  If  the  leading 
Prefbyterians  in  the  AlTembly  and  City  had  come  to 

X  3  ft 


3ic>  r/-^  HISTORY  Vol.111. 

Kins:    a  Temper  with  the  Independants^  on  the  Foot  of  a 
Ch^^ries  liimj.ed  Toleration,  they  had,  in  all  likelihood,  pre- 
^Jp^t^  vented  the  Difputes  betvveen  the  Army  and  Parlia- 
ment, which  were  the  Ruin  of  both  ;  They  might 
then  have  iaved  the  Conititution,    and   made  their 
own  Terms  with  the  King,  who  was  now  their  Pri- 
foner  ;  but  they  were  enchanted  with  the  Beauties 
oi  Cove?icmt  Uniformih,  and   the  Divine   Right  of 
their  Prefbytery,  which,   after  all,    the  Parliament 
would  not  admit  in  its  full  Excent.     Mr.  Baxter^  who 
was  no  Friend  of  the  Independants,   fays,  "  That  the 
Baxter's    «'•  Prefbyterian  Minifters  were  fo  little   fenfible  of 
L'  e,         «t  jj^gjj.  ^^^  Infirmities,  that  they  would  not  agree  to 
^'       *      "  tolerate  thofe  who  were  not  only  tolerable,  but 
worthy  Inftruments  and  Members  in  the  Churches, 
Prudent  Men  were  for  Union  in  Things  neccjjary,  for 
Liberty  in  'Things  imnecejjar'j.,  and  for  Charity  in  all  *, 
''^  but  they  could  not  be  heard.'* 
nehnusa-     Great  was  the  Refort  of  the  City  Divines  to  Sion 
°at]on  a'nd^^^^^^^  at  this  Time,  where  there  was  a  kind  of  Sy- 
Liherty  of  ^od  cvcry   Monday^    to  conlult  proper  Methods  to 
Co;?/crewrf- propagate   Religion,    and  fupport  the  AfTembly  at 
Weftminfter  in  their  Oppofition  to  the  Toleration  of 
Sectaries  ;  for  this  Purpofe  they  writ  them  a  Letter, 
dated  7/3/?.  15.   164I.  in  which  they  recite  the  Argu- 
ments of  the  Committee,  and  befcech  them  to  oppofe 
wiih  all  their  Might  the  great  Diana  of  the  Indcpen- 
dants,  and  not  iuffer  their  new  Eftablifliment  to  be 
llrangled  in  the  Birth  by  a  lawlefs  Toleration. 

The  whole  yicots  Nation  was  alfo  commanded  into. 
t]ie  Service;  the  Parliament  of  that  Kingdom  writ 
to  the  two  Houfes  at  Wcjtininjler,  Feb.  3.  telling 
Rufluv.  them,  that"  it  ijuas  e^ipec^ed  the  Honourable  Iloiijes 
^.  i34.  tt  iz;ould  add  the  civil  Sanoiiou  to  zvhat  the  pious  and 
**  learned  Ajjembly  have  advifed',  and  i  am  commanded 
*'  by  the  Parliament  of  this  Kingdom  [fays  the  Prefident) 
''  to  demand  it,  and  I  do  in  their  Names  de?nand  it, 
^'  And  the  Parliament  of  this  Kingdom  is  perfwaded, 
H  thac  the  Piety  and  Wifdom  of  the  Honourable 

*'  Houfts 


Chap.  VI.      of  tbe  Pv  Ri  TAN  s.  311 

"  Houfes  will  never  admit  Toleration  of  any  Se6ls   ^'X? 
**  or  Schifms  contrary  to  our  folemn  League  and  Co-^  ^^"    * 
"  venan'.**     At  the  lame  Time  they  appeal'd  to  the  \^,,.y^ 
People,  and  publifli'd  a  Declaration  agaififi  Toleratio7iSz^t$De- 
of  Secfofies  and  Liberty  of  Co7ifcience -■>  in  which,  2Liitrclaraticn 
having  taken  Notice  of  their  great  Services,  they  ob-^'fj^'"/. 
ferve,  that  there  is  a  Party  in  England  who  are  endea- 
vouring to  fupplant  the  true  Religion  by  pleading  for 
Liberty  of  Confcience^  which  (fay  they)  is  the   Nou- 
riflier  of  all  Herefies  and  Schifms.     They  then  de- 
clare againft  all  fuch  Notions  as  are  inconfiftenc  with 
thelVuth  of  Religion,  and  opening  a  Door  to  Licenti- 
Gufnefs,  which,  to  the  utmofl:  of  their  Power,  they 
will  endeavour  to  oppofe  i  and  as  they  have  all  en- 
tered into  one  Covenant,  fo  to  the  laft  Man  in  the 
Kingdom  they   will  go  on   in  the  Prefervation  of  it. 
And  however  the  Parliament  of  England  may  deter- 
mine in  point  of  Toleration  and  Liberty  of  Confcience^         * 
they  are  refoived  not  to  make  the  leaft  Start,   but  to 
live  and  die,  for  the  Glory  of  God,  in  the  entire  Pre- 
fervation of  the  Truth. 

Moft  of  the  Sermons  before  the  Houfe  of  Com-  - 
mons,  at  their  monthly  Fafts,  fpoke  the  Language 
o( Severity^  and  call'd  upon  the  Magillrate  todraw  his 
Sword  againfl:  the  Seoiaries.  The  Prefs  abounded 
with  Pamphlets  of  the  fame  Nature;  iVIr.  Prynne 
againft  J.  Goodwin  fays,  that  if  the  Parliament  and 
Synod  ertablifh  Prefbytery,  the  Independanis,  and  all 
ochers,  are  bound  to  fubmit,  under  Pain  of  Oblli- 
nacy.  Another  writes,  that  to  let  Men  ferve  God 
according  to  the  Perfwafion  of  their  own  Confcicnces, 
is  to  call  out  one  Devil  that  feven  worfe  inay 
enter. 

But  the  Caufe  of  Liberty  was  not  deflitute  of  Ad- ^''^'^P*^"' 
vocates  at  this  Time  j  iht  Independants  pleaded  for  a''^"'■^f''J 
1  olcration  lo  far,  as  to  include  themlclvcs  and  the  lo-^-^/^y^^ 
ber  Anabaptifts,  but  did  not  put  the  Controverfy  on 
a  general  Foot  ;  they  were  for  tolerating  all  that 
agreed  in  the  Fundamentals  of  Chrillianity,  bui:  when 

X  4  they 


zo». 


312  r/;^  HISTORY         Vol. Ill, 

King    they  came  to  enumerate  Fundamentals  they  were  fad- 
Charies  I..]y  jntangled,  as  all  thofe  muft  be  who  do  not  keep  the 
,L^^  Religious  and  Civil  Rights  of  Mankind  on  a  feparate 
Bafis  :  A  Man  may  be  an  orthodox  Believer,  but  de- 
ferve  Death  as  a  Traytor  to  his  King  and  Country  •, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  a  Heretick  or  Non-Confor- 
mift  to  the  cftabiifhed  Religion  may  be  a  moft  loyal 
and  dutiful  Subjed,  and  defer ve  the  higheil  Prefer- 
ment his  Prince  can  beftow. 
Anf<iverio      xhe  Letter  of  the  City  Divines  to  the  Aflembly 
the  Rea-  received  a  quick  Reply  from  a  Wricer  of  more  fiene- 

lons  of  the  „.?,  i-'  ,.  ,_,  i'^-- 

London     ^^^^  Principles,  who  complains,    "  That  the  Prel- 
clergy.      "  byterians  noc  content  with  their  own  Freedom  and 
T'ol.Pamph.^i  Liberty,  nor  with  having  their  Form  of  Govern- 
N*'5i.      cc  pj-j^nt   made    the    National    Eftablifliment,    were 
•'  grafping  at  as  much  Power  as  the  Prelates  before 
'*  them  had  ufurped  ;  for  this  Purpofe  they  had  ob- 
"  tained  the  Privilege  of  Licenfing  the  Prefs,  that 
"  nothing  might  be  writ  againft  them  but  what  they 
*'  fhould  pleafe  to  approve  -,    they  were  continually 
*'^  foliciting  the  Parliamenc  to  eftablifh  their  Church 
"  Government,  which  they  called  the  Government  of 
*'  Chrift,   with    a   coercive   Power  -,    they   were   al- 
ways bufy  in  framing  Petitions,  and  engaging  the 
Magiflrates  of  the  City  to  prefent  them  to  the 
Houfes  ;    and  not   content  with   this,    they  were 
*'  now  moving  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  of  whom 
«'  themfclves  are  a  confiderable  Part,  to  become  the 
*'  Patrons  of  CppreiTion."     Our  Author  maintains, 
that  ^'■Liberty  of  Conjcience  is  the  natural  Right  of  every 
"  Ma7J,  though  of  all  Parlies  of  Men  thofe  deferve 
^«  leaft  the  Countenance  of  the  State,  who  would 
"  perfecute  others  if  it  were  in  their  Power,   becaufe 
**  they  are  Enemies  of  the  Society  in   which   they 
^'  live.     He  that  will  look  back  on  pafb  Times,  and 
'*  examine  into  the  true  Caufes  of  the  Subverfion  and 
**  Devaflaticn  of  States  and  Countries,  will  find  it 
*'  owing  to  the  Tyranny  of  Princes,  and  the  Perfe- 
*'  cution  of  Prieits.  All  Governments  therefore  which 
,  *'  under- 


cc 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Pu  KIT  AVIS.  313 

"  undcrftand  their  true  Interefts,  will  endeavour  to     King 
**  fupprels  in  every  Se(5t,  or  Divifion  of  Men,  whe-^"^^'*"  ^• 
"■  ther  Papift,    Epifcopal,    Prefbyterian,    Indepen- ^J_J^ 
*'  dant,  or  Anabaptift,  the  Spirit  of  Dominion  and 
"  Perfecution,  which  is  the  Difturber  of  Mankind, 
"  and  the  Off-fpring  of  the  Devil.    But  the  Minifters 
*'  fay,  if  N^e  tolerate  one  Se(5l  we  muft  tolerate  all  i 
*'  which  our  Author  admits,  and  adds,  that   they 
*'  have  as  good  a  Right  to  the  Liberty  of  their  Con- 
"  fciences  as  to  their  Clothes  or  Eftates  ;  no  Opinions 
*'  or  Sentiment i  of  Religion  being  cognizable  by  the  Magi- 
*'  fir  ate  ^,  any  further  than  they  are  inconfiftent  "ivith  the 
*'   Peace  of  the  Civil  Government.     The  Way  to  put 
"  an  End  to  Diverfity  of  Opinions  is  not  by  Fines 
"  and   Imprifonments ;    can    Bedlam^    or   the  Fleet, 
"  open   Mens  Underftandings ,    and    reduce    them 
*'  from  Error?    No  certainly,  nothing    but    found 
*'  Reafon  and  Argument  can  do  it,  which,  'tis  to  be 
"  feared,  they  are  not  furnifhed  with,  who  have  Re- 
*'  courfe  to  any  other  Weapons.  Scmffn  and  Herefy  a.rQ 
"  to  be  rooted  out,  not  by  OpprelTion,  but  by  Reafon 
*'  and  Debate  ;  by  the  Sword  of  the  Spirit,  not  of  the 
"  KeJ?j  i    by  Argument,    not  by  Blows,  to  which 
*'  Men  have  recourfe  when  they  are  beat  out  of  the 
"  other.     Schijm    and   Herefy  are  Words  of  Terror 
**  thrown  upon  the  Adverfary  by  all  Parties  of  Men  ; 
*'  and  perhaps,   there  may  need  an  infallible  Judge  to 
*'  determine  where  the  .Sir/^//;/;  lies,   before  we  venture 
"  upon  extraordinary  Methods  to  extirpate  it."    He 
adds,   "  That  Perfecution  will  breed  more  Confufion 
•'  anvi   Difturbance   than  Toleration  ;    and  that  their 
"  folemn  League  and  Covenant  ought  10  bind  them 
"  no  firther  than  it  is  confiltenc  v/ith  the  Word  of 
"   God.     Now,  that  Toleration,  or  Liberty  of  Con- 
"  fcience,    is  tiie  Doflrine  of  Scripture,    is  evident, 
"   I.  From  the  Parable  of   the  Tares   and  Wheat 
"  growing  together  till  the  Harvefl:.     2.  From  the 
**  Apoftle's  Diredion,  Let  every  Man  he  perfwaded  in 

"  his 


314  .        r/^f  HISTORY         VoI.IIl. 

Khg    "  his  own  Mind.     3.  That  whatfoever  is  not  of  Faith  is 
Charles  I.tc  ^^^j^     ^^  From  our  Saviour's  golden  Rule,  What- 
\J^i^  "  fi^"^^^  y^  would  thai  Men  Jhould  do  to  you^  that  do  je  to 
^'  them  _— .." 

This  Pamphlet  was  anfwered  by  another,  called 
Anti-Tokratiorj,   in  which  the  Author  endeavours  to 
vindicate  the  moft  anbounded  Lengths  of  Perfecu- 
don  5  but  neither  the  Affembiy,  nor  the  City  Di- 
vines,   nor   the  whole  Scots   Nation,    could    prevail 
with  the  Parliament  to  deliver  the  Sword  into  their 
Hands.     The  high  Behaviour  of  the  Prefbyterians 
loft  them  the  A.Te6lions  of  great  Numbers  of  People, 
who  began  to  difcover  that  the  Contention  between 
them  and  the  Prelates  was  not  for  Liberty  but  Power, 
and  that  all  the  fpiritual  Advantage  they  were  like  to 
get  by  the  War  was  to  fhift  Hands,  and  inftead  of 
Epifcopal  Government  to  fubmit   to  the  Yoke  of 
Prefbyterial  Uniformity. 
The  Khg       Lord  Clarendon  admits,  that  the  King  endeavoured 
foments     j.^  make  his  Advantage  of  thefe  Divifions,  by  court- 
^  rlns  ''  ^"B  ^^'^  Independants^  and   promifing  fome  of  them 
Vol  II      ^^''y  valuable  Compenfations  for  any  Services  they 
p. 7*^6°     fliould  do  him;    infimating,  that  if  was  impoflible 
for  them  to  expert  Relief  in  their  Scruples  from  Per- 
fbns  who  pretended  they  were  erecting  the  Kingdom  of 
Chrifl  i  but  though  the  Independants  were  Enemies 
to  the  Prefbyrerian  Difcipline,  they  durft  not  truft 
the  King's  Promiles.     Mr.  IVhitlock  agrees  with  the 
p.  ii6.     noble  Hiilorian,  that  the  King  was  v^/atchful  to  make 
his   Advantage  ot  thefe  Divifions,  and  commanded 
one  Ogle  to  v/rite  to  Mr.  Tho.  Goodwin^  and  Phil.  Nye, 
two  of  the  Independant  Min  fters,   and  make  them 
large  Overtures,  if  they  would  oppofe  the  Prefby- 
terian  Government  intended  to  be  impofed  upon  Eng- 
lan^*hy  the  Scots  ■■>  but  thefe  two  Gendemen  very  ho- 
neflly  acquainted  their  Friends  with  it,  which  put  an 
£nd  to  the  Correfpondence  ;    all   which  might  have 
convinced  the  Prefbyterians  of  the  Necefllty  of  coming 

to 


Chap.  VI.      of  the  Fu  KIT  AiJS.  31^ 

to  fome  Terms  with  Diffenters  -,  but  the  King's  Affairs     King 
were  lb  low,  that  they  were  under  no  Apprehenfions^^^''^"  ^• 
of  Dilturbance  from  that  Quarter  at  prefent.  \J^i^ 

The  Allembly  perfeded  nothing  further  this  Year  ',sciv  ver- 
but  complaint  being  made  of  the  obfolete  Y  ti£\ono^Jion  of  the 
the  Pfalms    by   Sternhold  and  Hopkins,    the  Parlia-P^^'^ns  ^'" 
ment  defir'd  them  to  recommend  fome  other  to  ^^p^fZf^' 
ufed  in  Churches ;    accordingly  they  read  over  Mr.  ' 
RouJe\  Verfion,  and  after  feveral  Amendments  fent  it 
up  to  the  Houfe  AW.  14.  1645.  with  the  following 
Recommendation  :  "  Whereas  the  honourable  HouieMj. 
'*  of  Commons,  by  an  Order  bearing  Date  JSlov.  20.  ^^Jf-  53?' 
**  1643.    have  recommended   the  Pfalms  publifhed 
'*  by  Mr.  Roufe  to  the  Confideration  of  the  AfTem- 
"  bly  of  Divines,  the  Aflembly  has  caufed  them  to 
*'  be  carefully  perufed,  and  as  they  are  now  alter*d 
"  and  amended  do  approve  them,  and  humbly  con- 
*'  ceive  they  may  be  ufeful    and   profitable  to  the 
**  Church,  if  they  be  permitted  to  be  publickly  fung  •,'* 
accordingly  they  were  authorized  by  the  two  Houfes.Parl.  Chr. 
The  likeCare  was  taken  to  prevent  the  Importation  ofP-  3  '9' 
incorred:  Bibles  printed  in  Holland. 

To  return  to  the  Proceedings  of  Parliament ;  iheCcn/ures  of 
Committee  for  plunder'd  Minifters  having  reported ^'^ul  BeO. 
to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  Jan.  28.   1645.  certain Whulock, 
Blafphemiesof  Paul  Beji^  who  denied  the  Holy  Tri-P'  ^^'^' 
nity  ;  the  Houfe  order'd  an  Ordinance  to  be  brought 
in  \_MarLh  28.]  to  punifli  him  with  Death  ;  but  feveral 
Divines  being  appointed  to  confer  with  him,   in  order 
to  convince  him  of  his  Error,   he  confefTed  his  Belief 
of  that  Docftrine  in  general   Terms    before   he   was 
brought  to  his  Trial,  and  that  he  hoped  to  be  faved 
thereby,   but  denied  the  Perfonality,  as  being  a  Jefui- 
tical  Tenet  ;  upon  this  Confeflion  his  Trial  was  put 
off,  and  he  was  at  length  difmiiled. 

The  Government  of  the  Church  being  now  changed 
into  a  Prefhyterian  Form,  and  the  War  almoft  at  an 
end,  the  Parliament  refolved  to  apply  the  Revenues 
of  the  Cathedrals  10  other  publick  Ufes,  and  accord- 
ingly 


3i6 


The  HISTORY  VoI.IlI. 

King    ingly  iVij'z;.  1 8.  ic  was  ordained,  "  That  whereas  the 

Chades  l.«  prefenc  Dean  and  Prebendaries  cf  IVeJlfninfier  had 

^^J^^!^"  deferced  their  Charge,    and  were  become  Delin- 

Ctdinance  *'  quents  to  the  Parliament,  they  did  therefore  ordain, 

tofeizethe^^  that  the  Earl  o^  Northumberland,  with  abouc  ten 

Revenues  a  other  Lords,  and  twenty  two  Commoners,  fhould 

tfcathe-   44  be  a  Committee ;  and  that  any  Perfon,  or  more  of 

Husb.Col"  them,    Ihould    have  iVuthority   to  order,    direct, 

y.  758.     "  and  difpofe  of  the  Rents,  Iffues,  and  Profits,  be- 

*'  longing  to  the  College  or  Collegiate  Church,  and 

"  to  do  and  execute  all  other  Adls  that  did  any  way 

*'  concfern  either  of  them."     They  ordained  further, 

"  That  the  Dean,  Prebendaries,  and  all  other  Offi- 

'*  cers  belonging  either  to  the  College  or  Church, 

*'  who  had  abfented  themfelves,  and  were  become 

"  Delinquents,    or   had  not    taken    the    Covenant, 

'*  fhould  be  fufpended  from  their  fcveral  Offices  and 

"  Places,  and  from  all  manner  of  Benefit  and  Profit 

"  arifing  from  them,  or  from  the  Arrears  of  them, 

"  Mr.  0/Z'd/(i/?o«  only  excepted. 

When  the  Cathedral  ot  Hereford  fdl  into  the  Par- 
liament's Hands  the  Dignitaries  of  that  Church  were 
difpofifelTed,  and  their  Lands  and  Revenues  feized  into 
the  Hands  of  the  Committee  of  that  County.     The 
Dignitaries  of  the  Cathedral   Churches  of  IFinchefier 
and  Carli/Ie  were  ferved  in  the  fainc  manner  the  latter 
End  of  this  Year,  when  the  whole  Frame  of  the  Hie- 
rarchy was  difTolved. 
Re-venues       The  Parliamenr,    at   the  Requefl:   of  the  AJfem- 
ofthe  vni-U^  of  Dlvwes,    gave  fome   Marks  of  their  Favour 
verffyff   jQ   ^j^g  Univerfiry  of  Cambridge,    which   was  redu- 
WiAzztre-^^^    to   fuch  neceffitous    Circumftances,    by   reafon 
[erved.      of  the  Failure  of  their  College   Rents,    that  they 
could  not  fupport  their  Students  *,  it  was  therefore 
Ibid.        ordained,  April  \i.   1645.  "That  nothing  contain- 
p. 536,      t.(,  ej    JQ  Qny   Ordinance  of  Parliament  concerning 
^37'         tc  levying  or  paying  of  Taxes  fhould  extend  to  the 
'*  Univerficy  of  Cambridgey  or  any  of  the  Colleges 
"  ^r  Halls  within  the  faid  Univerfityj  nor  to  any  o.f 

''  the 


Chap.  VI.      0/  f/'^  P  u  R  r  T  A  N  s.  317 

**  the  Rents  or  Revenues  belongmg  to  the  fud  Uni-     King 
*'  verficy  or  Colleges,  or  any  ot  them,  nor  to  charge ^^^'"'^  ^' 
"  anv  Mailer,  Fellow,  or  Scholar  of  any  of  the  faid  yj-.^!/, 
**  Colleges,    nor  any   Reader,  Officer,   or  Minifter  ^^^^"^ 
*'  of  the  faid  Univerfiry  or  Colleges,  for  any  Stipend, 
"  Wages,    or    Profit   arifing,    or    growing   due   to 
*'  them,  in  refpedl  ot  their  Places  and  Employments 
*'  in  the  fiid  Univerfity.'*     Tuey  likewife  confirm'd 
all  their  ancient  Rights  and  Privileges,  and  ordered 
the  Difference?   between  the  Univerji(y  and  Town  to 
be  determin'd  according  to  Law.     On  the  fame  Day 
the  Ordinance  for  Regulating  the  Univerfity,  and  re- 
moving fcandalous  Minifters  in  the  affociated  Coun- 
ties by  the  Earl  of  Mafichejler,  mention'd  in  the  be- 
ginning  of  the  laft   Year,    was  revived  and  conti- 
nued. 

On  the  lyih  of  Jpril  this  Year  died  Dr.  Dan.  Feat- Death  of 
ly  •,  he  was  born  at  Charlton  in  Oxfordjhirc  158 1.  and^''-^^^'^'^* 
educated  zt  Corpus  Chrijli  College,  of  which  he  was 
Fellow  ;  upon  his  leaving  tlie  Univerfity  he  went 
Chaplain  to  S'uTho.  S'^Tninonds,  the  King's  Ambafl'a- 
dor  to  the  French  Court,  where  he  gained  Reputa- 
tion by  his  Sermons  and  Difputations  with  the  Pa- 
pifts.  When  he  returned  Home  he  became  dome- 
llick  Chaplain  to  Archbifhop  Abbot,  and  was  pre- 
fented  by  him  to  the  Redtory  of  Lcmheth^  and  in  the 
Year  1627.  to  Aoion,  In  1643.  he  was  nominated  of 
the  AflTembly  of  Divines,  and  fat  among  them  till  his 
Correfpondence  wi;h  the  Court  was  difcovered,  by  an 
intercepted  Letter  to  Archbifhop  IJfher  relating  to 
their  Proceedings  ;  upon  which  he  was  committed  to 
Lord  Peler\  Houfe  for  a  Spy,  both  his  Livings  were 
fequefter'd,  and  himfeif  expell'd  the  AfTcmbly.  The 
Do6lor  was  a  thorough  Calv'miji^  but  very  zealous 
for  the  Hierarchy  of  the  Church  ;  when  in  Prifon  he 
publifhed  the  following  Challenge  j 


"WHERE- 


3i8  r^^  HISTORY         VoI.IIL 

King 

Chadesl.cc  \TTHEREAS  I  am  certainly  informed,  that 
yL^2^  "  V  V  divers  Leflurers  and  Preachers  in  London 
*<  do  in  their  Pulpits,  in  a  moft  infolent  Manner,  de- 
*«  mand  where  they  are  now,  that  dare  (land  up  in 
'«  Defence  of  the  Church  Hierarchy,  or  Book  of 
«'  Common  Prayer,  or  any  ways  oppofe  or  impugn 
"  the  new  intended  Reformation  both  in  Doftrine 
"  and  Difcipline  of  the  Church  of  England;  I  do,  and 
"  will  maintain,  by  Difputation  or  Writing,  againft 
"  any  of  them,  thefc  three  Conclufions. 

1.  "  That  the  Articles  of  Religion  agreed  upon  in 
'*  the  Year  1562.  by  both  Houfes  of  Convocation, 
"  and  ratified  by  Queen  Elizabeth^  need  no  AJtera- 
*'  tion  at  all,  but  only  an  orthodox  Explication  of 
*'  fome  ambiguous  Phrafes,  and  a  Vindication 
"  againft  falfe  Afperfions. 

2.  *'  That  the  Difcipline  of  the  Church  of  £«^/^«(i, 
**  eftablifhed  by  many  Laws,  and  Ads  of  Parlia- 
"  ment,  that  is,  the  Government  by  Bifhops  (remo- 
"  ving  all  Innovations  and  Abufes  in  the  Execution 
"  thereof)  is  agreeable  to  God's  Word,  and  a  truly 
*'  ancient  and  apoftolical  Inffitution. 

3.  *'  That  there  ought  to  be  a  fet  Form  of  pub- 
"  lick  Prayer  ;  and  that  the  Book  of  Common  Pray- 
*«  er  fthe  Kalendar  being  reformed  in  point  of  Apo- 
"  cryphal  Saints  and  Chapters,  fome  Rubricks  ex- 
"  plained,  and  fome  ExprefTions  reviled,  and  che 
*«  Whole  corredly  printed  with  the  Pfiims,  Chap- 
'«  ters,  and  Allegations  out  of  tlicOld  and  New  le- 
"  {lament,  according  to  the  Inli  Tranflation)  is  the 
*'  mofl  compleat,  perfeft,  and  exa6t  Liturgy  now 
<<  extant  in  the  Chriftian  World.'* 

The  Do6lor  was  a  little  Man,  of  warm  PafTions, 
and  exceedingly  inflamed  againft  the  Parliament  for 
his  Imprifonment,  as  appears  by  his  laft  Prayer  a 

few 


Chap. VI.      of  fbe  VvRiTAi^s,  31^ 

few  Hours  before  his  Death,  which  happened  at  Chel-     Ring 
fea,   where  he  was  removed  for  the  Benefit  of  the  Air,^2r)cs  r. 
in  the  Sixty  fifth  Year  of  his  Age.     His  Prayer  h;ij5'^^;J' 

thefe  Words  in  it, "   Lord,  flrike  through  thep^.,tiQ*^ 

"   Reins  ot   them  that  rife  againfi:  the  Church  nndr.i'e,' 
"  King,  and  let  them  be  as  Chaff  before  the  Windjp.  7^- 
»'  and  as  Stubble  before  the  Fire  ;  let  them  be  fcat- 
*'  ter'd  as  Partridges  on  the  Mountains,  and  let  the 
"  Breath  of  the  Lord  confume  them,  but  upon  our 
*«  gracious  Sovereign  and  his  Pofteriry  let  the  Crown 

«  flourifh "     A  Prayer  not  very  agreeable  to      ,      ,.  , 

that  of  St.  Stephen^  or  our  blefTed  Saviour  upon  the     .zz't.q 
Crofs. 

The  Writer  of  the  Life  of  Archbifliop  U/her  hys., 
the  Doctor  was  both  Orthodox  and  Loyal ;  but 
L,ord  clarendon  and  Dr.  Heylin  can't  forgive  his  fitting 
in  the  Affembly,  and  being  a  Wltnefs  againft  Arch- 
bifhop  Lrtw^at  his  Trial.  '  "  Whether  he  fat  in  tl^^Hifi.Pref. 
*'  Affembly  (fays  Hexlin)  to  fliew  his  Parts,  ortop. 4<>4' 
*'  head  a  Party,  or  out  of  his  o!d  Love  to  Calvi- 
*'  nifm,  may  befl  be  gathered  from  fome  Speeches 
*'  which  he  made  and  printed  ;  but  he  was  there  in 
*'  Heart  before,  and  therefore  might  afford  them  his 
"  Body  now,  though  poffibly  he  might  be  excufed 
"  from  taking  the  Covenant  as  others  did.'* 

Soon  after  died  f.imous  old  Mr.  John  Dod^  xnhoie  Death  of 
pious  and  remarkable  Sayings  are  remember'd  to  this  ^^'»'- i^o*^* 
Day  j    he  was    bor'n    at  Sbotlidge  in  0)ejhire  in  the^^'^i^'-^'s 
Year  1550.  and  educated  in  Jejiis  College  Ca?nbndge,^^^^'"y^°^' 
of  which  he  was  Fel]f>\ai,.    At  Thirty  Years  of  Age 
he  removed  to  Haniv^U^m.  Oxford/hire,  where  he  con- 
tinued   preaching   iwic^;an   the   Lord's'  Day,    and 
once  on  the  week  Days  fbt  above  '  wenty  Years  *,  at 
the  End  of  which  he  was  fufpended  for  Non-Confor- 
mity by  Dr.  Bridges,  Bifhop  of  the  Diocefe,     Being 
driven  from  Hanwill  he  Femoved  to  Canons  Jjloby  in 
Nortbamptonffjire,    and    lived    quieily    feveral  Years, 
but  upon  Complaint  made  by  Bifiiop  I'isal  to  King 
Ja?nes  he  commanded   Archbifhop  Abbot  to  filence 

*'  him. 


320  T;&^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Kwg    him.    After  the  Death  of  King  James  Mr.  Dod  was 
Charles  I- allowed  to  preach  publickly  again,    and  fettled  at 
yLAl^  Faujily  in  the  fame  County,  where  he  continued  till 
■^^      his  Death.     He  was  a  moft  humble,  pious,  and  de- 
vout Man,  and  univerfally   beloved  j    an  excellent 
Hebrician,    a.  plain,    pradtical,    fervent   Preacher,  a 
noted  Cafuift:,  and  charitable  almoft  to  a  Fault  v  his 
Converfation  was  heavenly  ;   but  being  a  noted  Pu- 
ritan, though  he  never  meddled  with  State  Affairs, 
Fuller's     he  was  feverely  ufed  by  the  King's  Cavaliers,   who 
Ch.  Hift.  plunder'd  his  Houfe,  and  would  have  taken  away  his 
p.  iio.     ^gj.y  gj^ggj-g^  if  the  good  old  Man,   hardly  able  to 
rife  out  of  his  Chair,  had  not  put  them  under  him  for 
a  Cufhion  ;  all  which   he  took  patiently,  calling  to 
mind  one  of  his  old  Maxims,  SanBijied  Affli^iom  are 
fpiritual  Promotions,     He  died  of  the  Strangury  in  the 
Ninety  fixth  Yearof  his  Age,  and  lies  buried  in  his 
Parifh  Church  at  Faujily. 


CHAP. 


Chap.  VII.     of  fhe  VvKJTAus.  321 

CHAP.    VII. 

■  T/je  Concfufion  of  the  frfi  Chil  JVar,  hy  the 
J  Kings  furrendring  his  Royal  Perfon  to  the 
Scots.  Petitions  of  the  Jffembly  and  City 
Divines  again/i  Toleration,  and  for  the 
Divine  Right  of  the  P?-esbyterial  Govern- 
menf,  which  is  ereSled  in  London.  Debates 
between  the  King,  Mr.  Henderfon,  and  the 
Scots  Commiflioners.  His  Majejty  is  removed 
from  Newcaftle  to  Holmby  Iloufe.  Further 
Account  of  the  Seoiaries, 

THE  King  being  returned   10  Oxford^  Nov.  ^' .-f-'"^^  . 
after  a  moft  unfortunate  Campaign,  in  which*"  ^^^^'" 
all  his  Armies  were  beaten  out  of  the  Field,  and  d:-  k^^^y^ 
iperfed,  had  no  other  Remedy  left  but  to  make  Peace x/we'-f 
upon  the  beft  Terms  he  could  get,  which  his  Friends '^'^^^'^f^'o/y 
in  London  encouraged  him  to  expedl  with  Advantage, ^"^/J'^i^"^ 

r  ,  ..^^.      .^  ^  LA/T  L  ^?  Oxford. 

irom  the  growing  Divilions  among  the  Members,  j^^-^^ 
the  Majority  of  whom  were  enclined  to  an  Accom-p.  ji©', 
modation,  if  the  King  would  confent  to  abolifli  Epif- 
copacy,  "and  propofe  proper  AfTurances  of  governing 
for  the  Furure  according  to  Law  ;  but  though  his 
Majcfty  was  willing  to  yield  a  little  to  the  T  irhe^, 
with  regard  to  the  Securiry  of  his  future  Government, 
nothing  could  prevail  with  him  to  give  up  the  Church, 
Befides,  as  the  King's  Circumftar.ces  obliged  him  to 
T^ctdt,  the  Parliamfnr,  as  Conquerors,  advanced  in 
their  Demands.  In  ihe  Month  of  December  his  Mi- 
jefty  fent  feveral  MtlTages  to  t'le  Parliament,  to  ob- 
tain a  perfona!  Treaty  at  London,  upon  (he  publi.  k 
Faith  for  himfelf,  and  a  cf-rta:h  Number  of  his 
Friends  refiding  there  with  Safety  and  FlonouriVr- 
ty  Days  ;  but  the  Parliament  would  by  no  means 
iruft  their  Enemies  within  their  own  Bov.-eJs,  and 
Vol.  hi.  Y  there- 


322  7/6^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

King    therefore  infifted  peremptorily  upon  his  figning  the 
Charles  I.  gjjjg  ^^^^  ^^^^  preparing  to  fend  him  as  a  Preli- 
minary to  a  well  grounded  Settlement. 

The  King  made  fome  Propofals  on  his  Part,  rela- 
ting to  the  Militia  and  Liberty  of  Confcience,  but  very 
far  fliort  of  the  Demands  of  the  two  Houfes,  who 
were  fo  perfwaded  of  his  Art  and  Ability  in  the 
Choice  of  ambiguous  Expreflions,  capable  of  a  diflfe- 
rcnt  Senfe  from  what  appeared  at  firft  fight,  that 
they  durft  not  venture  to  make  ufe  of  them  as  the 
Bafis  of  a  Treaty.  Thus  the  Winter  was  wafted  in 
fruitlef3  iVItfTages  between  London  and  Oxford^  while 
the  unhappy  King  fpent  his  Time  over  his  Papers  in  a 
moft  difconfolate  Manner,  forfaken  by  fome  of  his  beft 
Friends,  and  rudely  treated  by  others.  Mr.  Locke 
fays,  the  Uil^ge  the  King  met  with  from  his  Follow- 
ers at  Oxford  made  it  an  hard,  but  almoft  an  even 
Choice,  to  be  the  ParUajnent'*s  Prifoner  or  their  Slave. 
In  his  Majefty's  Letter  to  the  Queen  he  writes,  *'  If 
*'  thou  knew  what  a  Life  I  lead  in  point  of  Converfa- 
*'  tion,  I  dare  fay  thou  wouldft  pity  me."  The  chief 
Officers  quarrell'd,  and  became  infupportably  Info- 
Jenc  in  the  Royal  Prefence ;  nor  was  the  King  him- 
felf  without  Blame  ;  for  being  deprived  of  his  Oracle 
the  Queen,  he  was  like  a  Ship  in  a  Storm  without 
Sails  or  Rudder.  Lord  Clarendon  therefore  draws  a 
Vail  over  his  Majefty's  Conduft,  in  thefe  Words : 
Vol.  IV.  "  It  is  not  poiTible  to  difcourfe  of  Particulars  with 
p.  6i6.  (t  the  Clearnefs  that  is  neceflary  to  fubjedl  them  to 
"  common  L^nderftandings,  without  opening  a  Door 
*'  for  fuch  Refleflions  upon  the  King  himfelf,  as 
'*  feem  to  call  both  his  Wifdom  and  Steadinefs  in 
.*'  queftion  ;  as  if  he  wanted  the  <7«^  to  apprehend  and 
*'  difcover,  and  the  other  to  prevent  the  Mifchiefs 
**  that  were  evident  and  impending.'*  And  yet  no- 
thing could  prevail  with  him  to  fubmit  to  the  Times, 
or  deal  frankly  with  thole  who  alone  were  capable  of 
doing  him  Service. 

The 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  Vu  RiT  Ai^  si  323 

The  King  having  neither  Money  nor  Forces,  and     Kh^ 
the  Queen's  Supplies  from  abroad  failing,  his  Majefty^^"'^*^^  ^* 
could  not  take  the  Field  in  the  Sj^ring,  which  gave,^Lt^ 
the    Parlianienc  Army    an    cafy   Conquelt   over   hisj^vw/^/wr- 
remaining  Forts  and  Garrifons.     All   the  IVeJi  ^nixs: renders  lis 
reduced   by  the  vidorious  Army  of  Sir  Tbo.  Fairfax p^"/""*" 
before  Midfummer;  the  City  of  Exrler  furrender'd'^-"''^'^°"* 
^pril  9.  in  which  one  of  the  King's  Daughters,  Frin- 
cefs  Henrietta,    was    made    Prifoner,     but  her   Go- 
vernefs,  the  Countefs  of  D«/(v///^,  found  means  after- 
wards to  convey  her  privately  into  France.     Denning- 
ion  Caflle  furrenderM   April  i,  Barnftaple  the   12th, 
and  Woodjlock  the  26th  *,  upon  which  it  was  refolved 
to  ftrike  the  finifliing  Blow,  by  befieging  the  King  in 
his   Head   Quarters  at  Oxford',    upon   the  News  of*^^?'"' 
which,    like  a  Man  in  a  Fright,    he  left   the  Ci-^^^^^j^^ 
ty  by  Night,   April  27.  and  travelled  as  a  Servant  tORufhw, 
Dr.  Hudfon  and  Mr.  Ap^hurnham^  with  his  Hair  cut  Vol.  IV. 
round  to  his  Ears,  and  a  Cloke  Bag  behind  hini,  toP-  ^^^> 
the  Scots   Army   before  ISewark:  His  Majefty    fur-,'''^'  ""l^* 
render*d  himfelf  to  General  L^i?(?-'2  M<3)' 5.  who  received'  '' 
him   with  Refpecft,    but  fenc  Word  immediately  to 
the  two  Houfes,   who  were  difpleafed  at  his  Majefty's 
Condu6t,  apprehending  it  a  Defign  to  proloDg  the 
War,  and  make  a  Difference  between  the  two  Na- 
tions i  which  was  certainly  intended,  as  appears  by 
the  King's  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Onnond  from  Ox- 
ford, in  which  he  fays,  he  had  good  Security,   that  he 
and  all  his  Adherents  fhould  be  liife  in  their  Perfons^ 
Honours    and   Confciences  in  the  Scots  Army,    and 
that  they  zvoidd  join  'vjilh  him,  and  employ  their  Forces 
to  obtain  a  happy  and  -well grounded  Peace  \  whereas  the 
<S'f£»/j  Com  miff]  oners,  in  their  Letter  to  the  H^ufe  of 
Peers  aver,    "   They  had  given  no  AfTurance,  .'^dr 
'*  made  any  Capitulation  for  joining  Forces  with  t!te 
*'  King,  or  combining  againll  the  two  Houfes,  or 
"  any  other  private  or  publick   Agreem't'nr  whatfo- 
"  ever,    between   the  King  on  one  part,    and   the 
*'  Kingdom  oi  Scotland,  their  Army,  or  anv  in. their 
Y  2  "  Names, 


324  77:»^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Khig    «<  Names,    and   having  Power  from  thenn,    on  the 
Charles  I.tt  other  Part  j'*  and  they  call  the  contrary  AffertJon 
,^L^^  a  damnable  Untruth  ;    and   add,    "  That  they  never 
•'  exped   a   BlefTing   from    God   any   longer   than 
*'  they  continue  faithful  to  tW\x  Covenant.**     So  that 
this  muft  be  the  Artifice  of  Montrevil,  the  French 
Ambaffador,    who  undertook  to  negotiate  between 
the  two  Parties,  and  drew  the  credulous  and  diilref- 
fcd  King  into  the  Snare  out  of  which  he  could  never 
efcape. 
Conchfmi      His  Majefty's  furrendring'his  Perfon  to  the  Scots^ 
oftbefrfi  ^^^  fending  Orders  to  the  Governors  of  Newark,  Ox- 
'  ford^  and  all  his  other  Garnfons  and  Forces  to  fur- 
render  and  difband,  concluded  the  firfl  Civil  War  ^ 
upon  which  moft  of  the  Officers,  with  Prince  Rupert 
and  Alaurice,  retired   beyond  Sea  ;    fo  that  by  the 
middle  of  Auguft  all  the  King's  Forts  and  Caftles  were 
in  the  Parliament's  Hands ;    Ragland  Caftle  being  the 
laft  i  which  was  four  Years  wanting  three  Days  from 
the  fetting  up  the  Royal  Standard  at  Nottingham. 

Some  Time  before  the  King  left  Oxford  he  had 
commilEon'd  the  Marquis  of  Ortnond  to  conclude  a 
Peace  with  the  IriJIo  Papifts,  in  hopes  of  receiving 
Succours  from  thence,  which  gave  great  Offence  to  the 
Parliament  *,  but  though  his  Majefty  upon  furrender- 
ing  hinifelf  to  i\\t  Scots  writ  to  the  Marquis,  7^^^^  ii* 
not  to  proceed  ;  he  ventur'd  to  put  the  finilhing 
Hand  to  the  Treaty,  Jul'j  28.  1646,  upon  the  fol- 
lowing fcandalous  Articles,  which  furely  he  durft  not 
have  confented  to,  without  fome  private  ComraifTion 
from  the  King  or  Queen. 

Artides  of  j.  '4  That  the  i?£?;;;<7;;  Catholicks  of  that  Kingdom 
Feacerj;nb^,  fj^^jj  be  difcharged  from  taking  the  Oath  of  Su- 

the  hull     ,,  '°  ^ 

lapjls.-    *    premacy. 

Kuiirw.  2.  *'  That  all  Adls  of  Parliament  made  aga.nfl 
Part  IV.  "  them  fliall  be  repealed  ;  That  they  be  allowed  the 
Vol,  1.  it  Freedom  of  their  Religion,  and  not  be  debarred 
P-  Y-^'    tt  frQjj^,  ^ny  of  his  Majefty 's  Graces  or  Favours. 

q.  "That 


Chap.  VII.  '  of  t/je  Fu  KIT  Aiis.  325 

3.  "  That  all  A(fts  reflecting  on  the  Honour  of    Km^ 
*'  the  i^(7;/*?;;  Catholick  Religion  fince  Aug.  ■/ .   1641.^^"'^^  ^• 
**  be  repealed.  J-V^ 

4.  "  That  all  Indiflments,  Attainders,  Ouc-Law- 
"  ries,  yc.  againft  them,  or  any  of'thein,  be  vacated 
'^  and  made  void. 

5.  '*  That  all  ImpWiments  that  may  hinder  their 
*'  Sitn'ng  in  ParlHfcnent,  or  being  chofen  Burgeffes, 
"  or  Knighrs  of  rile  Shire,  be  removed. 

6.  "  That  all  Incapacities  impoled  upon  the  Na- 
*'  tion  be  taken  away,  and  that  they  have  Power  to 
**  crc(5l  one  or  more  Inns  of  Court  in  or  near  the  City 
**  of  Dublin;  and  that  all  Catholicks  educated  there, 
"  be  capable  of  raking  their  Degrees  without  the 
**  Oath  of  Supremacy. 

7.  "  That  the  Roman  Catholicks  Ihall  be  em- 
**  powered  to  eredl  one  or  more  Univerficies,  and 
"  keep  Free-Schools  for  the  Education  of  their 
"  Youth,  any  Law  or  Statute  to  the  contrary  noc- 
*'  withftanding. 

8.  *'  That  Places  of  Command,  Honour,  Profit 
"  and  Truft,  fhall  be  conferral  on  the  Roman  Ca- 
"  tholicks,  without  making  any  Difference  between 
*'  them  and  Proteftants,  both  in  the  Army  and  in 
*'  the  Civil  Government. 

9.  *'  That  an  Ad  of  Oblivion  fliall  be  pafl  in  the 
*'  next  Parliament,  to  extend  to  all  the  Roman  Ca- 
"  tholicks  and  their  Heirs,  abTolving  them  of  all 
"  Treafons  and  Offences  whaifoever,  and  particular- 
*'  ly  of  the  Mafilicrcof  1641.  lb  uhat  no  Perlons  fliail 
*'  be  impeached,  troubled,  or  molcfted,  for  any 
♦'  Thing  done  on  one  Side  or  the  other, 

10.  '*  That  the  Roman  Catholicks  fhall  continue 
*'  in  Poffeflion  of  all  thofe  Cities,  P'orts,  Garrifons 
♦  '  and  Towns,  that  they  are  poffeffed  of,  t  H  Things 
*'  are  come  to  a  full  Settlement." 

Was  this  the  Way  to  eftablifli  a  good  Underfland- 
ing  between  the  King  and  his  two  H  Jufcs  ?   Or  c^'-jW 


326  r<6^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

K^^g  they  believe,  that  his  Majefty  meant  the  Security  of 
^^^'"^"^■the  Protefiant  Religion,  and  the  Extirpation  of  Po- 
v^^'-.^J-^  pery  in  England^  when  his  General  confented  to  fuch 
Tavlut-  a  Peace  in  Ireland,  without  being  reproached  or  dif- 
jr.efiis  ^  graced  for  it  ?  Nay,  when  after  a  long  Treaty  with 
conim:£i-  ^-^^  Parliament  Commiflioners  he  refufed  to  deliver 
TeTarai'fjfl^P  the  Forts  and  Garrifons  iifto  their  Hands,  info- 
tt.  much  that  after  fix  Weeks  A  ttenda||e  they  were  obli- 

ged to  return  to  their  Ships,    anc^ carry  back  the 
Supplies  they  had  brought  for  the  Garrifons,  having 
cnly  pubiiflied  a  Declaration,  that  the  Parliament  of 
livigland  would  take  all  the  Proteflants  of  Ireland  into 
their  Proteftion,  and  fend  over  an  Army  to  carry  on 
the  War  againfl  the  Papifts  with  Vigor. 
Prtsbyte-       -jt^^  King  being  now  in  the  Hands  of  the  Scots, 
J!^"^^'j^^fl  the  EngHfi)   Pre/by terians  at  London  refumed  their 
seftaries.  Courage,    Concluding  they  could  not  fail  of  a  full 
Vol.Pamp. Ellablifhmeni:  of  their  Difcipline,    and  of  bringing 
•N*^  i^'     the  Parliament  at  Wefiniin'ller  to  their  Terms  of  Uni- 
formity ;  for  this  Purpofe  they  framed  a  bold  Remon- 
llrance  in  the  Name  cf  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen, 
and  Common  Council,  and  prefented  it  to  the  Houfe 
May  26.  complaining,  *'   That  the  Reins  of  Difci- 
''  piine  vv'ere  kt  loofe  ;  that  particular  Congregations 
*'  v;ere  allowed  to  take  up  what  Form  of  Divine  Scr- 
*•'  vice  they  p!eafed,and  tharSedlaries  began  tofwarm 
*'  by  virtue  of  a  Toleration  granted  to  tender  Confci- 
"■'  enccs.     They  put  the  Parh'ament  in  mind  of  their 
'■'■  Covenant,  which   obliged  them  to  endeavour   the 
"  Extirpation    of    Popery,     Prelacy,    Superftition, 
*'  Herefy,  Schifm,   Profanenefs   nnd  whatloever  elle 
*'  was  found  contrary  to  found  Doclrine  ;  and  at  the 
"  fame  Time  to  preferve  and  defend  the  Perfon  and 
**  Authority  of  the  King  ;    they  therefore  defired, 
*'  fince  the  wiioie  Kingdom  was  now  in  a  manner  re- 
','  ducfd  to  the  Obedience  of  the  Parliament,  that  all 
*'  If  tar  ate  Corigrrgahcjis  may  he  jupprej^cd  ;  that  all  fucb 
**  Sfiparatijts  ivbo  coi.form  not  to ,  the  publick  DifcipHne 
'•'  may  he  declared  agaivit,  tl^at  no  Perfon  difaj/eo^ed  to  the 


Chap.  VII.     of  tbe  PuRiTAKs.  327 

"  Prejl>)terial  Government  fet  forth  by  Parliament^  may     ^'"i 
•«  be  employed  in  any  Place  of  publick  Truft  ;  rhat  the*^''^='^^''-^'  ^• 
*'  Houfe  will  endeavour  to  remove  al)  Jealoufies  be-  v^l-^t-O 
'*  twcen  them  and  the  Scot:^  and  haften  their  Propo- 
"  fitions  to  the  King,  for  a  Tafe  and  well  grounded 
"  Peace." 

This  Remonftrance  was  fupported  by  the  whole ^k^««/p- 
Scols  Nation,  who  aded  in  Concert  with  their  ^^^g^^^'eScox^ 
Brethren,  as  appears  by  a  Letter  of  Thanks  to  the     ^^^ 
Lord  Mayor,    Aldermen,    and    Common   Council,     „,g^ 
from  the  General  AiTembly,  dated  June  10.  1646. 
within  a   Month  after  the  Delivery  of  the  Remon- 
ftrance :    The   Letter    commends    their   couragious 
Appearance    againft    Sedls     and     Sectaries  -,    their 
firm  Adherence  to  the  Covenant,  and  their  main- 
taining the  Prefbyterial  Government  to  be  the  Go- 
vernment  of  Jefus  Chrijl.     It  befeeches  them  to  go 
on  boldly   in  the  Work  they   had  begun,    till  the 
three    Kingdoms    were    united    in    one    Faith    and 
Worfhip.      Ac     the      fame    Time     they    directed 
Letters    to   the   Parliament,    befeeching  them  alfo, 
in    the    Bowels    of    Jefus    Chrift ,     To     give    to 
him  the  Glory  that   is  due  to  his   Name,    by  an 
immediate    eitablifliing    of    all    his    Ordinances    in 
their    full    Integrity    and    Power   according   to    the 
Covenant.     Nor  did   they  forget  to   encourage   the 
jiffembly   at    fVefiminJler   to    proceed    in    their   Zeal 
againft  Seftaries,  and  to  ftand  boldly  for  the  Scepter 
of  Jefus  Chrift  againft  the  Encroachments  of  earthly 
Powers.     Thefe  Letters  were  printed  and  difperfed 
over  the  whole  Kingdom. 

The  wife  Parliament  received  the  Lord  Mayor  3ndp.7>7/.r- 
his  Brethren  with  Marks  of  great  Rcfpeft  and  Civi-'^'^"^-^'^^"' 
lity  J  for  neither  the  Scots  nor  Evglifj  Prefbyterians-'^^"" 
were  to  be  difgufted,  while  the  Prize  for  which  they 
had  been  fighting  was  in  their  Hands,  but  the  Majo- 
rity cfthe  Commons  were  difpleafed  both  with  the 
Kemonftrance  and  the  high  Manner  of  enforcing  it, 
as  aiming,   by  an  united  Force,    to  bftablifh  a  fove- 

y  4  reign. 


328  r/^^  HISTORY        Vol.IIL 

King  reign,  arbitrary  Power  in  the  Ciiurch,  with  an  Uni- 
Charks  l-formity,  to  which  themfelves,  and  many  oF  their 
i^V^O  friends  were  unwilling  to  fubrnit  j  however  they 
'  •  diri-nifs'd  the  Petitioners  with  a  Promife  to  take  the 

Particulars  into  Confideration. 

Iidepen-      g^j.  ^|^g  hidepctidants  and  SetHiarians  in  the  Army 

tojiit.      ^^^"S  alarmed  at  the  impending  Storm,  procured  a 

"  ■■    '      counter  Petition  from  the  City  with  great  Numbers 

of  Hands,  "  applauding  the  Labours  and  Succeffes 

"  of  the  Parliament  in  the  Caufe  of  tiberly,    andi 

"  praying  them  to  go  on  with  managing  the  Affairs 

"  of  the  Kingdom  according  to  their  Wifdpms,  and 

*'  not  fufFer  the  Free-born  People  i^  England  to  be 

*'  enHaved  upon  any  Pretence  whatfoever  j    nor  to, 

'*  fuffer  any  Set  of  People  to  prefcrihe  to  them  in  Matters 

*'  of  Government  orConfcience^  and  the  Petitioners  will 

"  ftand  by  them  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes." 

Hift.        Mr,  Whiilock  fays,  the  Hands  of  tlie  Royalifts  were 

Stuarts,    jji  fhis  Affair,  who  being  beaten  out  of  the  Field  re- 

p.  5c5.      folved  now  to  attempt  the  Ruin  of  the  Parliament, 

l^y  fowing  Divifions  among  their  Friends, 
Ajp'mhly's      T\\t  Moufes  vvcrc  embarraffed  between  the  Cpn- 
seutirnents  fendcrs  for  Liberty  and  Uniformity^  and  endeavoured 
ojice]\y>   j.^  avoid  a  Decifion,  till  they  faw  the  EfTe<fl  of  their- 
1  reaty  with  the  King.     They  kept  the  Frelbyteri- 
ans  in  h?nd,  by  prefllng  the  Affembly  for  their  An- 
fwer  to  the  dueltions  delating  to  the  Jus  Divinum  of 
Prefbytery    already    mentioned ,     infinuating    that 
they  themfelves  were  the  Obftacles  to  a  full  Settle- 
ment, and  afTuring  them,  when  this  Point  was  agreed, 
they  would  concur  in  fuch  an  Ordinance  as  they  de- 
fired.     Llpon  this  the  Affembly  went  to  work,  and 
appointed    three   Committees    to   take  tlie  ^ejiions 
into  Confideration  -,    but   the  Independand   took  this 
Opportunity  to  leave  them,  refufmg  abfolutely  to  be 
concerned  in  K\-)t  Affair. 

The  iir(i  Committee  was  appointed  to  determine. 
Whether  an^  particular  Church  Goi-ernmenl  was  Jure 
DiviNO,  and  to  brine  tnsir  Pioofs  from  Scripture. 
'  •    '  '"  •  But 


Chap.  VII.    o/'  //i^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  3  29: 

But  here  they  (lumbled  at  the  very  Thrcfliold,  for    Kivq 
the  Erajlians  divided  them,  and  enter'd  their  Dillenc^^^^^rlcs  r. 
fo  that  when  the  Anfwer  was  laid  before  the  Aflcm-    '^'*'^- 
bly,  it  was  not  called  the  Anfwer  of  the  Committee,  ^^'^ 
but  of  feme  Brethren  of  the  Committee  ;  and  when 
the  Queflion  was  put,  they  withdrew  from  the  Aflem- 
bly,  and  left  the^ig^  Prejhyteriam  to  themfelves,  who 
agreed,  with   but  one  diflenting  Voice,  That  Jefus 
Chrijly  as  King  of  the  Churchy  hath  h'unfelf  ap-pohited  a 
Church  Government  dijlin^f  from  the  Civil  Magiftrate. 
The  Names  of  thofe  that  fubfcribed  this  Propoficion 


were. 


TbeRev.Mr.  White, 

7he  Rev.  Dr.  Staunton,      ms. 

Mr.  Palmei-, 

Dr.  Hoyle,          S.if.  67 

Pr.  Wincop, 

Mr.  Bayly, 

Mr.  Tey, 

Mr.  Taylor, 

Dr.  Gouge, 

Mr.  Young, 

Mr.  Walker, 

Mr.Cawdrey, 

Mr.  Sedgwick, 

Mr.Afh, 

Mr.  Marfhall, 

Mr.  Gibibn, 

Mr.  Whitaker, 

Mr.  Good, 

Mr.  Newcomen, 

Mr.  Vines, 

Mr.  Spurflow, 

Mr.  Seaman, 

Mr.  Del  my. 

Mr.  Chambers, 

Mr.  Calamy, 

Mr.  Corbet, 

Mr.  Proffet, 

Mr.  Dury, 

Mr.  Perne, 

Mr.  Salway, 

Mr.  Scuddir, 

Mr.  Hardwicke, 

Mr.  Carter,  fen. 

Mr.  Langley, 

Mr.  Caryl, 

Mr.  Simplbn, 

Mr.Woodcofke, 

Mr.  Conanr, 

Mr.  Carter, ;■//«. 

Mr.  De  la  March, 

Mr.  Goodwin, 

Mr.Byfield, 

lyir.  Nye, 

Mr.  Herle, 

Mr.Grcrnhill, 

Mr.  De  la  Place, 

Mr.  Valentine, 

Mr.  WiHbn,  ' 

M".  Price, 

Mr.  Reyner, 

pr.  Smith, 

^1^;Gower. ' 

'  ■  • 

t:-..- 

530  r/&^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King        The  Divine  that  enter'd  his  Diflent  was  Mr.  Lighi^ 
Charles  ^fooiy  wich  whom  Mr.  Colman  would  have  join'd  if  he 
\^j^r>^  had  not  fallen  fick  at  this  jundture  and  died. 
^^Q^^j     The  remaining  Queftions  took  up  the  Affembly 
tfiheton-Uom  May  till  the  latter  End  of  July^  and  even  then 
don  M^W-they  thought  it  not  fafe  to  prefent  their  Determina- 
fi^^'        tions  to  Parliament  for  fear  of  a  Praemunire  ;  up- 
on which  the  City  Divines  at  Sion  College  took  up  the 
Controverfy,  in  a  Treatife  entitled,  ^he  Divine  Right 
DJ  Church  Government,  by  the  London  Ministers. 
Wherein  they  give  a  diftind  Anfwer  to  the  feveral 
Queries  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  undertake  to 
prove  every  Branch  of  the  Prefbyterial  Difcipline  to 
be  Jure  Divino,  and  that  the  Civil  Magiftrate  had  no 
right  to  intermeddle  wich  the  Cenfures  of  the  Church. 
And  to  fliew  the  Parliament  they  were  in  earneft, 
they  agreed  to  (land  by  each  other,  and  not  com- 
ply with  the  prefent  Eftablilhment,  till  it  was  deli- 
vered from  the  Yoke  of  the  Civil  Magiftrate ;  for 
which  Purpofe  they  drew  up  a  Paper  of  Reafons,  and 
prefented  it  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  who,  having  advi- 
led  with  the  Common  Council,  fent  a  Deputacion  to 
Sion  College,  offering  to  join  with  them  in  a  Petition 
for  Redref§,  which  they  did  accordingly,  but  with- 
out EfFed:  •,  for  the  Parliament  taking  Notice  of  the 
Combination  of  the  Ciiy  MiniJIers,  publifhed  an  Or- 
der Jz^;;^  9.  requiring  thofe  of  the  Province  of  L{?;;r/(?;; 
to  put  the  Ordinance  relating  to  Church  Government 
in  Execution,  enjoining  the  Members  for  the  City  to 
fend  Copies  of  the  Ordinance  to  their  feveral  Parifhes, 
and  to  take  efFeftuaJ  Care  that  they  were  immediately 
^leir  Pa-  put  in  Execution.     Upon  this  the  Minilf  ers  of  Lon- 
j>er  of       lion  and  ^Vejlimnjler  met  again  at  Sion  College^  June  19. 
Conjidey^-  ^^^^  being  a  little  more  fubmiflive,  pubHfhed  certain 
tievs  am     Qqj^ figurations    and   Cautions    accordin?    to  which   theu 

Cautions.  J  inn  ■     l     r^  -n^- 

agree  to  put  the  rrejbyteriat  Uovernment  m  rracltce^ 
according  to  the  prefent  Ejlahlipment.  Here  they  de- 
clare, *'  That  the  Power  of  Church  Cenfures  ought 
"  to  be  in  Church  Oificers,  by  the  JVill  and  Appoint- 

*'  inent 


Chap. VII.    o/" //j^  Pur  iTANS.  331 

*'  mentofjcjus  Cbrift,  but  then  they  are  pleafed  to     King 

*'  admit,  that  ih^  Magifirac-j  oMe)[\\.  to  be  fatisfied  in  Charles  I. 

*'  the  Truth  of  the  Government  they  authorize  ;  and  ijfl^ 

"  though   it  be  not  right  in  every  Particular,  ytt^^^^**^ 

*'  Church  Officers  may  acfl  under  that  Rule,  provi- 

"  ded  they  do  not  acknowledge  the  Rule  to  be  righc 

*'  in  all  Points.     Therefore  though  they  conceive 

"  the  Ordinances  of  Parliament  already  publifhed, 

"are  not  a  compkat  Rule,  nor  in  all  Poi?its  fatisfa^ory 

**  to  their  Cbnfciences,  yet  becaufe  in   many  Things 

'  •  they  are  fo,  and  Provifion  being  made  to  enable 

*'  the  Elderfhips,  by  their  Authority,  to  keep  away 

"  from  the  Lord's  Supper  all  ignorant  and  fcandalous 

*'  Perfons ;  and  a  further  Declaration  being  made, 

"  that  there  fhali  be  an  Addition  to  the  fcandalous 

*'  Offences    formerly    enumerated,    therefore    they 

*'  conceive  it  their  Duty  to  put  in  Practice  the  pre- 

*'  fent  Settlemenr,  as  far  as  they  conceive  it  corre-  • 

"  fpondenc  with  the  Word  of  God  ;  hoping  that  the 

"  Parliament  will   in  due   TiYne ,    fupply  what  is 

*'  lacking,  to  make  the  Government  entire,  and  re- 

"  (ftity  what  fhali  appear  to  be  amifs."   Thus  hardly 

did  thefe  Gentlemen  Itoop  to  their  Superiors  I 

The  Kingdom   of  England,    inftead  of  fo   many claJflcAl 
Diocefes,  was  now  divided  into  a  certain  Number  of^^-^'f^'^"  °f 
Provinces,  made  up  of  Reprefentacivesfrom  the  feve-'^^  ^'^"'z- 
ral  Clajfes  within  their  Boundaries  ;  Every  Parifh  had  London. 
a  Congregational,  or  Parochial  Prefbytery  for  the 
Affairs  of  the  Parifh  ;    the    Parochial   Prefbyteries 
were  combined  \nio  ClaJJes  \    thefe  chofe  Reprefcnta- 
tives  tor  the  Provincial  Alfe?7ihb,  as  the  Provincial  did 
for  the  National  ;  for  Example,  the  Province  of  Lon- 
don being  made  up  of  twelve  Claffes,  according  to 
tlie  lollovving  Divifion,  each  Claffis  chofe  two  Mini- 
Iters,  and  four  Lay- Elders,    to  reprefenc  them  in  a 
Provincial  Jjpmbly,  which  received  Appeals  from  the 
Parochial,  and  Claffical  Prefbyteries,  as  the  National 
4j[embly  did  from  the  Provincial. 

The 


332 

King 

Charles  I. 

1646. 


r/6^  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

The  Division  of  the  Province  oi  London, 
^he  firfi  Clajfis  to  contain  the  following  Parijhes, 


Allhallows     Bread- 

ftreet, 
Andrews  Wardrope, 
Bennet  Paul's  Wharf, 
Fairh's, 
St.  Gregory, 
St.  John  Evangel ift, 
Margaret  Mofes, 

8  St.  Martin  Ludgate, 

9  5/.Anne  Black  Friars, 


10  5/.  Auftin's  Parifh, 

11  St.  Mary  Aldermary, 

12  5/.  Mary  le  Bow, 

13  St,  Mathew    Friday- 

ftreet, 

14  Mildred  Breadftreer, 
St,  Paul's, 

15  St.    Peter's    Paul's 

Wharf. 


The  fecond  Cla/J!s. 


1  St.  Antholine, 

2  Bennet  Sheerhog, 

3  St.    James     Garlick- 

hithe, 

4  5/.  John  Baptift, 

5  Martin  the  Vintry, 

6  St.  Mary  Magdalene, 

Old  Fifhltreet, 
y  Si.  Mary  Somerier, 
8  St.  Mary  Mounthaw, 


9  St.   Michael   Queen- 
hithe, 

10  5"/.  Michael  Royal, 

11  St.    Nicholas     Old 

Abby, 

12  St.  Nicholas  Olives, 

13  Pancras  Sopers  Lane, 

14  St.  Thomas  Apoftles, 

15  Trinity  Parifh. 


T'he  third  ClaJJis. 


1  Allhallows /«.^Grf^/fr, 

2  All  hallows  the  Lefs, 

3  Allhallows  Lombard-  [    9 

ftreer,    '  j  10 

4  St.     Edmund     Lorn-  ',  1 1 

bard-ftreer, 

5  Lawrence  Pouncney,       j2 

6  St.  Mary  Abchurch, 


St.  Mary  Bothaw, 
St.  Mary  Woolchurch, 
St.  Mary  Woolnoth, 
St.  Nicholas  Aaron, 
St.    Stephen's    WaH- 

brooke, 
St,  Swichip's.  ' 


Chap. VII.    e//y5<f  Puritans.                        333 

Kwg 

<rhe  fourth  Clajfli.                                      Charles  I. 

•'                                                1646. 

I  St,  Andrews  Hubberr, 

7  St.   Leonard     Eaft-  ^^ 

2  St.    Bennet     Grace- 

cheap, 

church, 

8  ^/.Magnus, 

3  St.  Buttolph  Billingf- 

9  St.    Margaret     New 

gate, 

Fifhftreet, 

4  St.    Clement     Eaft- 

10  St.  Martin  Orgars, 

cheap,                     '  II  5/.  Mary  Hill, 

5  5"/.     Dionis      Back- 

12  6"/.  Michael  Crooked- 

church, 

lane, 

6  St.  George  Buttolph- 

13  St.  Michael  Cornhill, 

Jane, 

14  5"/.  Peter  CornhilJ. 

Thefifil 

Clajfis. 

1  5/.  Anne  Alderfgate, 

2  St,  Buttolph    Alderf- 

gate, 

3  St.  Brides, 

4  Bridewell, 

5  Chrift  Church, 

6  6"^  John  Zachary, 

7  St.   Leonard    Fofter- 


lane. 


8  St.  Mary  Staynings, 

9  St.    Michael     in    the 

Corn,  vulgo  vj  the 
Querne,      • 

10  5/.OiaveSiIverfl-reet, 

11  St.  Peter  Cheap, 

12  St.    Fofter    alias  Ve- 

daft. 


The  fixtb  ClaJfis. 


1  5"/.  x\lban  Woodftreet, 

2  Allhallows     Honey- 

lane, 

3  5/.  A 1  phage, 

4  6"/.   Giles's     Cripple- 

gate, 

5  (S/.  James's  Chapel, 

0  St.  Lawrence  Jewry, 
7  5/.  Martin   Ironmon- 
ger-lane, 


8  St.  Mary  Alderman- 

bury, 

9  5/.    Mary    Mngdt-len 

Milkftreet, 
10  6"/.  Mary  Coiechurch, 
I  r   St.     Michael    Wood- 

ftreer, 

12  6"/.  Mildred  Pou'try, 

13  6"/.  Olavd  Jewry. 

I  The 


334 

King 

Charles  I. 

164(5. 


ne  HISTORY 

"The  feventh  Clajfis, 


I  Allhallowsf«^/??^Wall, 
?  5/.  Bartholomew  Ex- 
change, 

3  5/.  Bennec  Finck, 

4  5;.  Buttolph  Bifhopf- 

gate, 

5  5/.  Chriftopher*s, 


Vol.  III. 


Loth- 


6  5/.  Margaret 

bury, 

7  .?/.  Michael  Bafllfhaw, 

8  5/.  Peter  Poor, 

9  <S/.  Stephen  Colman- 

ftreec. 


T[he  eighth  Qajfts. 


1  5/.    Andrew    Under- 

Ihaft, 

2  5/.  Buttolph  Aldgate, 

3  5/.  Ethel burga, 

4  iSa  John  Hackney, 

5  St.  Hell  ens, 

6  5/.  James  Duke  Place, 


7  5/.  Katherine     Cree- 

church, 

8  Zt.   Leonard    Shore- 

ditch, 

9  St.  Martin  Outwich, 
10  St.  Mary  Stoke  New- 

ington. 


*The  ninth  ClaJfis. 


Allhallows  Barkin, 
Allhallows  Steyning, 
St.  Dunftan  f«/^^Eaft, 
^/.Gabriel  Fenchurch, 
St.   Katherine     Cole- 
man, 
St.  Katherine  Tower, 


7  ^/.MargaretPattoons, 

8  .^/.Olave  Hartftreet, 

9  St.  Peter  in  the  Tower, 

10  Stepney, 

11  Trinity  Minories, 

12  Wapping, 
i^  Whitcchapel. 


The  tenth  Chijfis. 


1  ^/.GeorgeSouthwark, 

2  Lambeth, 

3  St.    Mary    Magdalen 

Bermondfey, 

4  5/.  Mary  Overies, 

5  Newington  Buts, 


6  5.'.  Olave  Soutliwark, 

7  Rocherhithe, 

8  ^'/.Thomas'sHofpital, 

9  iS/.  Thomas's  Soutli- 

wark. 

The 


Chap. VII.     of  the  VvRi  TAN  $,  ^^S 

Kirg 

The  eleventh  Clajfis.  Charles  I. 

1646. 

1  5^  Clement  Danes,  5  >?/.IVIartin>«//^^Fieids,'^'^^^''^^- 

2  5/.Giles's/«/^(?  Fields,  |    6  New  Church, 

7  5"/.  PeterWeltminfter, 

8  6"/.  Paul  Covenc  Gar- 
den. 


3  Knighifbridge, 

4  St.   Margarec    Weft- 

minfter, 


The  t-melfth  Claffis. 

1  5/.  Andrew  Holborn,  |    5  S/.Dunftan/;z;^fWcfi:, 

2  St.  Bartholomew   the  1    6  St.  James's  Clerken- 

Gr  eater,  |  well, 

3  St.  Bartholomew  the  \    7  St.  Mary  Iflingron, 

Lefs,  I    8  5/.  Sepulchres. 

4  Charter-houfe,  1 

Thus  the  Prefbyterian  Church  Government  began  Re;w.TrJb: 
to  rife  and  appear  in  its  proper  Form  -,  but  new  Ob- 
ftruflions  being  raifed  by  the  Minifters  to  the  Choice 
of  Reprefentaiives,"  the  Provincial  AlTembly  did  not 
meet  till  next  Year,  nor  did  it  ever  obtain  but  in 
London  and  Lancajhire.  The  Parliament  never  came 
heartily  into  it,  and  the  Intereft  that  fupported  ic 
being  quickly  difabled,  Mr.  Eachard  lays,  thep-^54- 
Prefbyterians  never  faw  their  dear  Prcfbytery  fettled 
in  any  one  Part  oi England.  But  Mr.  Baxter^  who  is 
a  much  better  Authority,  fays  the  Ordinance  was 
tyitcuitd'm  London  2.^6  LancafLire,  but  remained  un- 
executed in  almoft  all  other  Parts.  However,  the 
Prefbyterian  Miniflers  had  their  voluntary  Aflbcia- 
tions  for  Church  Affairs  in  moft  Counties,  ihough 
without  any  authoricafive  Jurildi(5i:ion. 

To  rerurn    to   the  King,  who  marched  w'ch  thc^rcts^*- 
Scots  Army  from  AVwa;-k  no  NczvcaPh\  where  he  •con-.^''**"''f  '* 
tinued  about  eight  Moneys,   being  treated  ^'i^h -fome^'^'fJl^'^? 
Refpect,  but  noc  wirh  ail  the  Duty  of  Subjects  to  acaftle. ' 
Sovereign.     The  firft  Sermon  t h a :  wa>  preached  be-     • 

fore 


33^  T;^^  HISTORY         Vol.Il!. 

king  fore  him  gave  hopes,  that  they  would  be  Mediators 
Chariea  I.  between  him  and  the  Parliament ;  it  was  from  2  Sam. 
,L^^  xix.  41,  42,  43.  And  behold,  all  the  Men  of  Ifrael  came 
to  the  King,  and  [aid  to  the  King,  Why  have  the  Men 
of  Judah  fiolen  thee  away  ?  — And  all  the  Men  of  Judah 
anfwered  the  Men  oj  Ifrael,  hecauje  the  King  is  near  of 
kin  to  Us ;  wherefore  then  be  ye  angry  for  this  Matter^ 
Have  we  eaten  at  all  of  the  King's  Coji  ?  or.  Hath  he  gi- 
ven us  any  Gift  ?  —  And  the  Men  of  Ifrael  anfwered 
the  Men  of  Judah  and  faid,  we  have  ten  Parts  in  the 
King  ;  and  we  have  alfo  more  right  in  David  than  ye  ;' 
why  then  did  ye  defpife  us,  that  our  Advice  fljould  not  be 
firft  had,  in  bringing  back  our  King  f  And  the  Words  of 
the  Men  of  Judah  were  fiercer  than  the  Words  of  the 
Men  of  \{x2,t\.  But  it  quickly  appeared,  that  nothing 
would  be  done  but  upon  Condition  of  the  King's  ta- 
king the  Covenant,  and  eftabliQiing  the  Prefbyterfal 
Government  in  both  Kingdoms.  When  the  King 
was  prefled  upon  thefe  Heads  he  pleaded  his  Confcience, 
and  declared,  that  though  he  was  content  the  Sa)ts 
ihould  have  their  own  Difcipline,  he  apprehended  his 
Honour  and  Confcience  were  concerned  to  fuppprt 
Epifcopacy  in  England,  becaufe  it  had  been  cftabliflied 
from  the  Reformation,  and  that  he  was  bound  to  up- 
hold it  by  his  Coronation  Oath  ;  however,  he  was 
willing  to  enrer  into  a  Conference  with  any  Perfon 
whom  they  fliould  appoinr,  protelTing,  he  was  not 
afhamed  to  change  his  Judgment,  or  alter  his  Refo- 
lution,  provided  they  could  fatisfy  him  in  two  Points. 
Firjl,  That  the  Epifcopacy  he  contended  for  was 
not  oi  Divine  Injlitulion. 

Secondly,  That  his  Coronation  O.uh  did  not  hind 
him  to  fupport  and  defend  the  Church  0^  England  as 
it  was  then  ellablifhed. 
Ccvfereme  To  fuisfy  the  King  in  thefe  Point;^  the  Scots  fent  for 
het'ween  jyjp^  Alexander  Render fon  from  Edinburgh,  P.Ulor  of 
^ald^Kr  a  Church  in  that  City,  Redor  of  the  Univerfity, 
Hender-  ^^^  O"^  o^  ^1'^  King's  Chaplains,-  a  Divine  ct  great 
foil.         Learning  and  Abilities,    as  well   ai  Difcrction  and 

Pru- 


Chap.  VII.     0/  /^f  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  337 

Prudence.     Mr.  Rujhworth  fays.  That  he  had  more     Kn>g 
Moderation  than  moft  of  his  Way.    And  Co/Z^Vr  adds,  ^^*'"'"  ^* 
That  he  was  a  Pcrfon  of  Learning,  Elocution  and  ^J^jJ^ 
Judgment,  and  feems  to  have  been  the  Top  of  hiscollier. 
Party.     The  Debate  was    carried   on   in   Writing  :  p.  848. 
The  King  drew  up  his  own  Papers,  and  gave  themHamil.  M. 
Sir    Robert    Murray    to    tranfcribe,     and  deliver  toP^'^T. 
Mr,  Hendcrfon  ;  and  Mr.  Henderfon^s,  Hand  not  being 
fo  legible  as  his,  Sir  Robert,  by  the  King's  Appoint- 
ment,   tranfcribed    Mr.  Hender[on\    Papers  for   his 
Majefty's  Ufe. 

The  King,  in  his  firft  Paper  of  Ma'^  29.  declares ^'«.?'-'/':^ 
his  Efteem  for  the  Englifh  Reformation,   becaufe  ic^''^"** 
was  eff"e<5led  without  Tumult  •,  and  was  dired:ed  by^    "^^S* 
thofe  who  ought  ro  have  the  Conducft  of  fuch  an  Af-^' 
fair.     He  apprehends  they  kept  clofe  to  apoftolical 
Appointment,  and  the  univerfal  Cuftom  of  the  pri- 
mitive Church  -,  that  therefore  the  adhering  to  Epif- 
copacy  muft  be  of  the  iaft  Importance,  as  without  ic 
the  Prieflhood  muft  (ink,  and  the  Sacraments  be  ad- 
min ifter'd  without  effect ;  for  thefe  Reafons  he  con- 
ceives Epifcopacy  neceflary  to  the  Being  of  a  Church, 
and  alfo,  that  he  is  bound  to  fupport  it  by  his  Coro- 
nation Oath.     Lajil)\  His  Majefty  defires  to  know  of 
Mr.  Henderfon,  what  Warrant  there  is  in  the  Word  of 
God  forSubjetfts  to  endeavour  to  force  their  King's  Con- 
fcience,  or  to  make  him  alter  Laws  againft  his  Will  ? 

Mr.  Henderson,  in  his  firft  Paper  of  "7a«(?  3.  af-'^''-f^^n- 
ter  an  Introduction  of  Modefty  and  Refpea,  wifhes,l^^'°""% 

L        r\        r  ■  1        T^i-  -ii  f^^  Reply, 

when  Occafion  requires,  that  Religion  might  always j^.,  ^ 
be  reformed  by  the  Civil-  Magifhrate,  and  not  leftn'^j,  j^|' 
either  to  the  Prelates  or  the  PeopJe  ;  but  when  Prin- 
ces or  Magiftrates  are  negligent  of  their  Duty,  God 
may  ftir  up  the  Subject  to  perform  this  Work.  He 
obferves,  that  the  Reformation  of  King //<?;;;•)>  V 11 1, 
was  very  defcdive  in  the  Eilentials  of  Dodtrine,  Wor- 
fhip,  and  Government,  that  it  proceeded  v/ith  a 
Laodicean  Lukewarmnefs ;  that  the  Supremacy  was 
transferr'd  from  one  wrong  Head  to  ano:her,  and 
Vol.  III.  Z  ihs 


338  7/6^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King     the  Limbs  of  the  Antichriftian  Hierarchy  were  vifi- 
Charles  I.^ig  -^  ^^^  g^^^^     js^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^  Imperfeaion  of 

"^  ■  the  £;?^/i/??Reformation  had  been  the  Complaint  of  ma- 
ny religious  and  godly  Perfons  ;  that  it  bad  occafioned 
more  Schifm  and  Separation  than  had  been  heard  of 
elfewhere,  and  been  Matter  of  unfpeakable  Grief  to 
other  Churches.  As  to  the  King's  Argument,  that 
the  Validity  of  the  Priefthood,  and  the  Efficacy  of 
the  Sacraments  depended  upon  Epifcopacy,  he  replies, 
that  Epifcopacy  cannot  make  out  its  Claim  to  apofto- 
lical  Appointment  •,  that  when  the  Apoflles  were  living 
there  was  no  Difference  between  a  Bifliop  and  a  Pref- 
byter  ;  no  Inequality  in  Power  or  Degree,  but  an 
exad:  Parity  in  every  Branch  of  their  Charadler  : 
That  there  is  no  mention  in  Scripture  of  a  Paftor  or 
Bifliop.fuperior  toother  Paftors.  There  is  a  beauti- 
ful Subordination  in  the  Miniftry  of  the  New  Tefta- 
mcnt;  one  kind  of  Miniflers  being  placed  in  Degree 
and  Dignity  above  another,  as  firft  Apoftles,  then 
Evangelifts,  then  Paftors  and  Teachers,  but  in  Offi- 
ces of  the  fame  Rank  and  Kind  we  don't  find  any  Pre- 
ference J  no  Apoftle  is  conftituted  fuperior  to  other 
Apoftles  •,  no  Evangelift  is  raifed  above  other  Evan- 
gelifts ;  nor  has  any  Paftor  or  Deacon  a  Superiority 
above  others  of  their  Ortier. 

Farther,  Mr.  Henderson  humbly  defires  his  Ma- 
jefty  to  take  Notice,  that  arguing  from  the  Practice 
of  the  primitive  Church,  and  the  Confent  of  the  Fa- 
thers, IS  fallacious  and  uncertain,  and  that  the  Law 
and  Te/iimony  of  the  Word  of  God  is  the  only  Rule.  The 
Practice  of  the  primitive  Church,  in  many  Things^ 
cannot  certainly  be  known,  as  Eufcbtui  confcfies ;  that 
even  in  the  Apqftle's  Tinie  Biotnphes  moved  for  the 
Pre-eminence,  and  the  Mxjiery  of  Iniguily  began  to  tvork', 
and  that  afterwards  Ambition  and  Weaknefs  quickly 
made  way  for  a  Change  in  Church  Government. 

Mr.  Henderson  hop^s  his  Majefty  will  not  deny 
the  Lawfulnefsof  the  Miniftry,  and  due  Adminiftra- 
tion  of  the.  Sacraments,  in  -ihofe-  relor.mtd  Churches 

o^  where 


Chap.  VII.     cf //je  P  u  RiT  AN  s.  339! 

where  there  are  no  Diocefan  Biiliops  •,  tlut  it  is  evi-  Kinir 
dent  from  Scripture,  and  confefled  by  many  Cham- Charles  h 
pions  for  Epifcopacy,  that  Prrjh\ters  may  ordain  ^^Zi^ 
Prefh-jten }  and  [o  difeng^ge  his  Maje/ly  from  his  Co- 
ronation Oath,  as  far  as  relates  to  the  Church,  he 
conceives,  when  the  formal  Reafonof  an  Oath  ceafes 
the  Obligation  is  dil'charged:  When  an  Oath  has  a 
fpecial  Regard  to  the  Benefit  of  thofe  to  whom  the 
Engagemenc  is  made,  if  the  Parties  interefted  relax 
upon  the  Point,  difpenfe  with  the  Promife,  and  give 
up  their  Advantage,  the  Obligation  is  at  an  end. 
Thus  when  the  Parliaments  of  both  Kingdoms  have 
agreed  to  the  Repealing  of  a  Law,  the  King's  Con- 
fcience  is  not  tied  againft  figning  the  Bill,  for  thea 
the  altering  any  Law  would  be  imprafticable  —  He 
concludes  with  obferving,  that  King  Jajnes  never  ad- 
mitted Epifcopacy  upon  Divine  Right  -,  and  that, 
could  his  Ghoji  now  fpeak,  he  would  not  advife  your 
Majefly  to  run  fucli  Hazards,  for  Men  [  Prelates  ] 
who  would  pull  down  your  Throne  with  their  own^ 
rather  than  that  they  perifh  alone. 

The  King,  in  his  fecond  Paper  of  7"?-  6.  avers,  ^''''■-?'' /^■'• 
no  Reformation  is  lawful,  unlefs  under  the  Conducfl*^       ^''" 
of    the    Royal   Auihoricy  ;    that    King    Henry  the^.*'     ^ 
Eighth's  Refofmation  beino;  imperfeft  is  no  Proof  of,  ^,_,  •"="' 
Defeds  in  thit  of  King  Edward  VI.  and  Queen  Eli-  311,  &c. 
z.ibslb  ;   that  Mr.  Hcnderfon  can  never  prove,  God  has 
given  th^  MuUitude  leave  to  reforvi  the  Negligence  cf 
Princes ;  that  his  comparing  our  Reformation  to  the 
Laodicean   Lukewarmnefs  was   an  unhandlbme  Way 
of  begging   ihe  Quellion,   for   he   Hiould  firfi:  have: 
made  our,   chat  rhofe  Men  [the  Puritans}  had  Reafori 
io  complain,  and  that  the  Schifm  was  chargeable  up- 
on the  Conformifhs.     His   MajcfLy  is  fo  far  frcfm  Al- 
lowing the  Preftfytcrian  Government  to  be  pradlifed 
in  the  primiiive  Times,   that  he  affirms,   ic  was  never 
fet  up  before  Calvin  ;  and  admits,  that  :c  was  his  Pro-' 
vinrc  to  Inew  ihe  Lawfulnefs,  and  ufiinrerrupted  Sue- 
ct0!jny  and  by  Coi sequence,   the  Ne-trediry  of  Epip- 


340  ^/^^  HISTORY  Vol.ia 

King  copacy,  but  that  he  had  not  then  the  Convenience  of 
Charles  l-gooks,  noF  the  AfTiftanceof  fuch  learned  Men  as  he 
,^L^^  could  rruft,  and  therefore  propofes  a  Conference  with 
his  Divines.  And  whereas  Mr.  Henderfon  excepts  to 
his  Reafoning  from  the  primitive  Church,  and  Con- 
fent  of  the  Fathers-,  his  Majefty  conceives  his  Ex- 
,  ception  indefenfible,  for  if  the  Senfe  of  a  doubtful 
Place  of  Scripture  is  not  to  be  governed  by  fuch  an 
Authority,  the  Interpretation  of  the  infpired  Wri- 
tings mull  be  left  to  the  Dire6lion  of  every  private 
Spirit,  which  is  contrary  to  St.  Peter*s  Doftrine, 
2  Pet.  i.  20.  No  Prophecy  oj  Scripture  is  of  private  Inter- 
pretation ;  it  is  likewife  the  Source  of  all  Seds,  and 
without  Prevention  will  bring  thefe  Kingdoms  into 
Confufion.  His  Majefby  adds,  that  it  is  Mr.  Hender- 
fon's  Part  to  prove,  that  Prefbyters  without  a  Bilhop 
may  ordain  other  Prefbyters.  As  to  the  Adminiftra- 
tion  of  the  Sacraments  Mr.  Henderfon  himfelf  will  not 
deny,  a  lawfully  ordained  Prepyter^s  being  neceflary  to 
that  Office  •,  fo  that  the  Determination  of  this  latter 
Qtieftion  will  depend  in  fome  meafure  on  the  former. 
With  regard  to  Oaths,  his  Majefty  allows  Mr.  Hen- 
derfon's  general  Rule,  but  thinks  he  is  miftaken  in  the 
Application  -,  for  the  Claufe  touching  Religion  in  the 
Coronation  Oath  was  made  only  for  the  Benefit  of  the 
Church  of  England ;  that  therefore  it  is  not  in  the 
Power  of  the  two  Houfes  of  Parliament  to  difcharge 
the  Obligation  of  this  Oath  without  their  Content. 
That  this  Church  never  made  any  Submijfwn  to  the  two 
Houfes^  nor  owned  her  jelf  fubordinate  to  the?n',  that 
the  Reformation  was  managed  by  the  King  and 
Clergy,  and  the  Parliament  alTifted  only  in  giving 
a  civil  Sandlion  to  the  Ecclefiaftical  Eftablifh^ 
ment.  Thefe  Points  being  clear  to  his  Majefty,  it 
follows  by  necelTary  Confequence,  that  'tis  only 
the  Church  of  England,  in  whole  Favour  he  took 
this  Oath,  that  can  releafe  him  from  ir,  and  that 
therefore,  when  the  Cnurch  of  England,  lawfully 
iiftembled,     fhail    declare   his    Majefty    difcharged, 

he 


Chap.  VII.     of  t/je  P  u  Ri  T  AN  5.  341 

he  fhall  then,  and  not  till   then,  reckon  himfelf  at     A'/w? 
Jiberty.  ^^'^'^^  r. 

Mr.  Henderson,  in  his  Reply  to  this  fecond  P^i-^jf  "JO 
per,  of  June  ly.  agrees  with  the  King,  that  the  prime  ;\;;,  Hen- 
reforming  Power  is  in  Kings  and  Princes,   but  a  ;ds,<1trron's 
that  in  cafe  they  f.iil  of  their  Duty   this  AuthorityM"--^  ^f- 
devolves  upon  the  inferior  IVlagiftrate,  and  upon  their  j'^' 
Failure  to  the  Body  of  th.^  People,  upon  Suppofition    '/j,  ^' 
that  a  Reformation  is  neceflfary,  and  that  Peoples  Su- 
periors will  by  no  means  give  way  to  it ;  he  allows, 
that  fuch  a  Reformation  is  more  imperfed:  with  re- 
fpedl  to  the  Manner,   but  commonly  more  perfed  and 
refined  in  the  Produft  and  IITue.     He  adds,  that  the 
Government  of  the  Church  of  England  Is  not  fuppofed 
to  be  built  on  the  Foundation  of  Chrift  and  his  Apo- 
ftles,  by  thofe  who  confefs  that  Church  Government 
is  mutable  and  ambulatory,  as  was  formerly  the  Opi- 
nion of  mod  of  the  Englijh  Bifhops  ^  that  ihe  Divine 
Right  was  not  pleaded  till  of  late  by  fon-.e  few  ;  that 
the  Engl'ijh  Reformation  has  not  perfe(5lly  purged  ouC 
the  Roman  Leaven,  but  rather  depraved  the  Difci- 
pline  of  the  Church  by  conforming  to  the  civil  Polity, 
and  adding  many  fupplemcntal  Officers  to  thofe  infti- 
tuted  by  the  Son  of  God.     To  his  Majefty's  Objedli- 
on,    that    the    Prefbyterian    Government  was  never 
pracflifed  before  Calvifi*s  Time,   he  anfwers,  that  it  is 
to  be  found  in  Scripture*,  and  the  A  (Te  in  bly  of  Di- 
vines at  Wejlininjler  had  made  it  evident,   that  the  pri- 
mitive Church  at  Jenifalem  was  governed  by  a  Pref- 
bytery  ;    that  the  Church  at  Jerufakm  confifled  of 
more  Congregations  than  one  ;  chat  all  thefe  Congre- 
gations were  combined  under  one  PrefbyCerial  Go- 
vernment,   and  made    but   one  Church  •,    that   this 
Church  was  governed  by  Elders  of  the  fame  Body, 
and  met  together  for  Fundlions  of  Authority,  and  ihat 
the  Apoftics  aded  not  in  quality  of  Apoftles,   but  only 
as  Elders,  A5is  xv.  that  the  fame  Government  was 
fettled  in  the  Churches  of  Ephefus^  Corinth,    TheJJa* 
hnicay    and   continued   many   Years  after ;   and   at 

Z  3  laft. 


342  '  T/j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol. III. 

K.irig    lad,  when  one  of  the  Prefbytery  prefidcd  over  the 
Charles  I-j-gfj-  ^\^\^  jj^g  g^jjg  q{ Bi/hop,  even  then,  as  Si.Jerom 
yj^r-^^  iays,  Churches  were  governed  with  the  joint  Confent 
of  the  Prefbytery,  and  it  was  Cuftom  rather  than  Dir 
vine   j^ppoincmenc  which  raifed    a  Bifhop  above  a 
Prefbycer.     To  his  Majefty's  Argument,   that  where 
the  Meaning  of  Scripture  is  doubtful,  we  muft  have 
Recourfe  to  the  Fathers,  Mr.  Henderfon  replies,  that 
jiQtwithflanding  the  Decrees  of  Councils,  and  the  Re- 
folutions  of  the  Farhers,  a  Liberty  muft  be  left  for  a 
Judgment    of  Difcretion,     as    had  been  fufficiently 
fhown  by  Bifliop  Drvenant  and  others.     To   prove 
prefbyters   may  ordain  other  Prelbyters  without  a 
JBifliop,   he  cites  St.  PauFs  Advice  to  Timothy,    i  Tim. 
iv.  14.  not  to  negled:  the  Gift  that  was  given  him  by 
the  Laying  en  of  the  Hands  of  the  Trefuytery  \  but  grant- 
ing Bifhops  and  Prefbyters  to  be  diftinct  Fund:ions, 
k  will  rot:  follow,  that  the  Authority  and  Force  of 
the  Prefbyters  Charafter  was  derived  from  the  Bi- 
jQiop  ;  for  though  the  Evargelifts  and  feventy  Difci- 
ples  were  inferior  to  x^wt  Apoflles,  ihey  received  not 
their  Coiinnifiion  from  the  i^poftles,  but  from  Chrift 
l.imfelf. 

.  Concerning  the  King's  Coronation  Oath,  Mr.  Hen- 
dcrfcn  apprehends  nothing  need  be  added.  As  to  the 
SuprcHjacy,  he  thinks  fuch  an  Headfliip  as  the  Kings 
oi'  E'/iglan a  claim,  or  fuch  an  one  as  the  two  Houies 
of  Parliament  now  infift  on,  that  is,  an  Authority  to 
receive  Appeals  from  the  fupream  Ecclcfiaftical  Judi- 
catures, in  Things  purely  Ipirituai,  is  not  to  be  jutti- 
ficd  i  nor  does  he  apprehend  the  Confent  ol  tlie  Cler- 
gy to  b"  abfoiufeiv  ncceffary  to  Church  Rciormntion, 
for  if  fo,  what  Reformation  can  be  expected  in 
F>'anct\  m  Sfain,  or  in  Romi;  it  fcvlf  -,  *ciR  not  to  be 
imagined,  that  the  Pope  or  Prelates  will.  conlVnt  ro 
th;.!r  own  Ruin.  His  Majefly  had  faid,  liiat  if  his 
^■•'.uhcr  King  jfamcs  iiad  been  confultcd  upon  tlie  Quc- 
Jlion  ot  Rt/ifaiiCe,  he  would  have  anlwertd,  I'hat 
Prayers  iiiid  Tears  are  the  Churchy* ;>  vYeapcnc.     To 

which 


Chap. VII.     of  fbe  FuRi TANS,  343 

which  Mr.  Henderfon  replies,  'That  he  could  never  hear  a    Khg 
good  Reafon  to  prove  a  necejjar'j  defenfive  War^  a  IVar^^^^^^l^  ^• 
agavijl  unjufi  Violence,  wilawful ;  and  that  Bifliop  7^"^^^v^i-0 
and  Bilfon  were  of  this  Mind.     To  the  Queition, 
What  Warrant  there  was  in  Scripture  for  Subjeds  to 
endeavour  to  force  their  King's  Confcience  ?  He  re- 
plies. That  when  a  Man's  Confcience  is  miftaken  it  ^ 
lies  under   a   Neceflity  of  doing  amifs  •,    the  Way 
therefore  to  difentangle  himfelf  is  to  get  his  Confci- 
ence better  informed,  and  not  to  move  till  he  has 
llruck  a  Light  and  made  further  Difcoveries. 

The  King,  in  his  Anfwer  o^June  22.  to  Mr.  Hen-^^m'^ 
derfon*s  fecond  Paper,  ftill  infills,  that  inferior  Magi-*^"^^^' 
jlrates  and  People  have  no  Authority  to  reform  Religion,  q-^^^  ^ecr. 
If  this  Point  can  be  proved  by  Scripture  his  Majeftyp.  c;37,&:c. 
is  ready  to  fubmit -,   but  the  facred  Hiftory,  in  the 
Book  of  Numbers,  Chap.  16.  is  an  Evidence  of  God's 
difapprovingfuch  Methods.     Private  Mens  Opinions 
disjoined   from   the  general  Confent  of  the  Church 
fignify  liitle,  for  Rebels,  fays  his  Majefty,  never  want 
Writers  to  fnaintain  their  Revolt.     Though  his  Majefty 
has  a  Regard  for  Bifliop  JeweVs  and  'Bilfon*s  Memo- 
ries, he  never  thought  them  infallible  •,  as  for  Epif- 
copal  Government,  he  is  ready  to  prove  it  .an  Apo- 
stolical Institution,  and  that  it  has  been  handed 
dozvn  through  all  Ages  and  Countries  till  Calvin'j  Time, 
as  foon  as  he  is  turnillied  with  Books,  or  fuch  Di- 
vines as  he  fliall  make  choice  of;  he  does  not  think 
that  Mr.  Henderfon's  Arguments  to  prove  the  Church 
of  England  not  built  on  the  Foundation  of  Chrift  and  his 
Apotllcs  are  valid,  nor  will  he  admit  that  motl  of  the 
Prelates  about  the  Time  of  the  Reformation  did  not 
infill  upon  the  Divine   Right.     The  King  adds, 
Mr.  Henderfon  would  do  well  to  fliovv,   where  our  Sa- 
viour has  prohibited  the  Addition  cf  more  Church- 
Officers   than     thofc    named   by    him,    and  yet   the 
Church  of  England  has  not  fo  much  as  olFer'd  at  this, 
for  an  Archbifhoo  is  not  a  new  Officer,   but  only  a 
Piftindipn  in  the  Order  of  Government,    likerhe 

Z  4  Mode 


344  r/6^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King  Moderator  of  Affemblies  in  Scotland.  His  Majefty  de- 
Charks  I.  ^j^s  that  Bilhops  and  Prefby  ters  always  import  the  fame 
^^J-'sy^  Thing  in  Scripture,  and  when  they  do,  it  only  refpe6ts 
the  Apoftles  Times,  for  it  may  be  proved,  that  the  Or- 
der of  Eifhops  fucceeded  that  of  the  Apoftles,  and  that 
the  Title  was  alier'd  in  regard  to  thofe  who  were  im- 
mediately chofen  by  our  Saviour.  As  for  the  feveral 
Congregations  in  Jerufalem  united  in  one  Church  his 
Majefty  replies,  are  there  not  many  Parifhes  in  one 
Piocefe  ?  And  do  not  the  Deans  and  Chapters,  and 
fometimes  the  inferior  Clergy  aflift  the  Bifhop  ?  So 
that  unlefs  fome  pofitive  and  dircd;  Proof  can  be 
brought  of  an  Equality  between  the  Apoftles  and 
other  Prefbyters,  all  Arguments  are  with  him  incon- 
clufive.  The  King  confeffcs,  that  in  cafe  he  cannot 
prove  from  Antiquity  that  Ordination  and  Jurifdiclion 
are  peculiar  Branches  of  Authority  belonging  to  Bijhops^  he 
ihali  begin  to  fufped:  the  Truth  of  his  Principles. 
As  for  Bifhop  Davenant's  Teftimony,  he  refufes  to 
be  govern'd  by  that ;  nor  will  he  admit  of  Mr.  Hen- 
dsrfon's  Exception  againft  the  Fathers,  till  he  can  find 
our  a  better  Rule  of  interpreting  Scripture.  And 
•whereas  Mr.  Henderfon  urged  the  Precedent  of  fo- 
reign reformed  Churches  in  favour  of  Preft^ytery, 
his  Majefty  does  not  undertake  to  cenfure  them,  but 
fuppofes  ISleceJJity  may  excule  many  Things  which 
would  otherwise  be  unlawful;  the  Church  o^  Eng- 
land, in  his  Majefty's  Judgment,  has  this  Advantage, 
that  it  comes  neareft  the  primitive  Doctrine  and  Di- 
fcipline  ;  and,  that  Mr.  Henderfon  has  fail'd  in  pro- 
ving Prefbyters  may  ordain  without  a  Bifhop,  for 
^tis  evident  Sr.  Paul  had  a  Share  in  7imolhy*s  Ordina- 
tion, 2  Tim.  i.  6.  As  to  the  Obligation  of  the  Cora- 
nation  Oath,  the  King  is  ftill  of  Opinion,  none  but 
the  Reprefentative  Body  of  the  Clergy  can  abfolve 
him  •,  and  as  for  the  Impradicablenefs  of  Reforma- 
tion upon  the  King's  Principles,  he  can*t  anfwer  for 
that,  but  thinks  it  fufncient  to  let  him  know,  that 
Incommodum  nonfclvit  Argumentum,    His  Majefty  then 

declares, 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  Puritans.  345 

declares,  that  as  it  is  a  great  Sin  for  a  Prince  to  op-     -K/n^ 
-  prefs  the  Church  ;  fo  on  the  other  hand,  He  holds  i^^^l'^^'l  ^* 
abfolutely  unlawful  for  Subjects  to  make  IVar  {though  cle-  \^^->X^ 
fenfively)  againfl  their  lawful  Sovereign^  upon  any  Pre- 
tence whatfoever. 

Mr.  Henderson,    in  his  third  Paper  of  7«/)f  2.  ajt.  Hen- 
confiders  chiefly  the  Rules  his  Majefly  had  laid  down^"^°"'' 
for  determining  the  Controverfy  of  Church  Govern-j^^J^ 
ment,    which    are    the    Pradlice  of   the    primitive 
Church,  and  the  univerfal  Confent  of  the  Fathers, 
and  affirms,  there  is  no  fuch  primitive  Teftimony, 
no  fuch  univerfal  Confent  in  favour  of  modern  Epifco- 
pacy  ',  the  Fathers  very  often  contradicting  one  ano- 
ther, or  at  leaft  not   agreeing   in   their  Teftimony. 
But  to  fhcw  the  Uncertainty  of  his  iyiajefty*s  Rule  for 
determining  Controverfies  of  Faith  Mr.  Henderfon  ob- 
ferves, 

1.  That  fome  Criticks  join  the  Word  of  God  and 
Antiquity  together  ;  others  make  Scripture  the  only  Rule^ 
and  Antiquity  the  authentick  Interpreter.  Now  he 
thinks  the  latter  a  greater  Miftake  than  the  former, 
for  the  Papifts  bring  Tradition  no  farther  than  to  an 
Equality  of  Regard  with  the  infpired  Writings,  but 
the  others  make  Antiquity  the  very  Ground  of  their 
Belief  of  the  Senfs  of  Scripture,  and  by  that  means 
exalt  it  above  the  Scripture ;  for  the  Interpretation 
of  the  Fathers  is  made  the  very  formal  Reafon  why 
I  believe  the  Scripture  interpretable  in  fuch  a  Senfe  ; 
and  thus,  contrary  to  the  Apoftle's  Doflrine,  Our 
Faith  fnufl  fiand  in  the  fVifdom  of  Man,  and  not  in  the 
Power  of  God. 

2.  Heobferves,  that  Scripture  can  only  be  authen- 
tickly  interpreted  by  Scripture  it  felf.  Thus  the  Le- 
vites  had  Recourfe  only  to  one  part  of  Scripture  for 
the  interpreting  another,  Neh.  viii.  8.  So  likewife 
our  Saviour  interprets  the  old  Teftament,  by  compa- 
ring Scripture  with  Scripture,  and  not  having  re- 
courfe to  the  Rahbies.  This  was  likewife  the  Apo- 
fties  Method.    Befides,  when  Perfons  infift:  fo  much 

upon 


346  77^^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

Kim  upon  the  Necefficy  of  the  Fathers,  they  are  in  danger 
Charles  1.  of  charging  the  Scriptures  with  Obfcurity  orlmper- 
^^i^fedion. 

^'^^^     3.  The  Fathers  themfelves  fay,  that  Scripture  is 
not  to  be  interpreted  but  by  Scripture. 

4.  Many  Errors  have  pafl  under  the  Shelter  of 
Antiquity  and  Tradition :  Mr.  Henderfon  cites  a  great 
many  Examples  under  this  Head. 

And,  Laftly^  He  infifts,  that  the  univerfal  Confent 
and  Pradice  of  the  primitive  Church  is  impoflible  to 
be  knov/n  ;  that  many  of  the  Fathers  were  no  Au- 
thors •,  that  many  of  their  Trads  are  loft  ;  that  ma^ 
ny   Performances  which  go  under  their  Names  are 
fpurious,  efpccially  upon  the  Subje6t  of  Epifcopacy, 
and  that  therefore  they  are  an  uncertain  Rule. 
Kingi  lap     The  King,  in  his  Papers  of  July  3d  and  i6[h  fays, 
Fapers.     ^q  Man  Can  reverence  Scripture  more  than  himfelf ; 
Bibl.  Reg.  j^yj.  y/{^en  ivlr.  Henderfon  and  he  differ  about  the  Inter- 
I' ^J'^'     pretation  of  a  Text,  there  muft  be  fome  Judge  or 
Umpire,  otherwife  the  Difpute  can  never  be  ended  ; 
and  when  there  are  no  parallel  Texts  the  fureft  Guide 
muft  be  the  Fathers.     In  anfwer  to  Mr.  Hendcrfon^s 
Particulars  his  Majefty  anfwers,  that  if  fome  People 
over-value  Tradition,  that  can  be  no  Argument  againft 
the  Serviceabienefs  of  it  -,   but  to  charge  the  primitive 
Church  with  Error,  and  to  call  the  Cuftoms  and  Pra- 
diices  of  it  unlawful,    unlefs  the  Charge  can  be  fup- 
ported  from  Scripture,  is  an  unpardonable  Prefump- 
tion.     Thofe  who  obje6l  to  the  ancient  Rites  and 
Ufages  of  the  Church  muft  prove   them  unlawful^ 
othenvife  the  Pradice  of  the  Church  is  fufKoient  to 
warrant  them.     His  Majefty  denies  'tis  impofTible  to 
difcover  the  univerfal  Confent,    and  underftand  the 
Practice   of  the  primitive  Church  ;    and  concludes 
with  tiiis  Maxim,  that  though  he  never  eiteeuied  any 
Autliority  equal    to  the  Scriptures,    yet  he  believes 
the  unanimous  Conicnc  of  the  1^'atiiers,  and  the  uni- 
verfal Pradiceof  the  primitive  Church,  the  bcft  and 
.moft   authcntick  Interpreters,    and  by  Confequcnce 
I  ihr 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  FuRiTAns:  347 

the  beft  qualified  Judges  between  himfelf  and  Mr.     King 
Benderfon.  Charles  I. 

•^  1646. 

One  may  learn  from  this  Controverfy,  fome  of  the^g^^JJj!^' 
Principles  in  which  King  Charles  I.  was  inftrudled  i 
as, 

(i.)  The  Divine  Right  of  Diocefan  Epifcopacy. 

(2.)  The  uninterrupted  Succefilon  of  Bifliops, 
rightly  ordained,  from  the  Time  of  the  Apoftles  ; 
upon  which  the  whole  Validity  of  the  Adminiftra- 
tion  of  the  Chriftiaq  Sacraments  depends. 

(3.)  The  Neceflicy  of  a  Judge  of  Controverfies, 
which  his  Majefly  lodges  with  the  Fathers  of  the 
Chriftian  Church,  and  by  that  means  leaves  little  or 
no  room  for  private  Judgment. 

(4.)  The  Independency  of  the  Church  upon  the 
State. 

(5.)  That  no  Reformation  of  Religion  is  lawful 
but  what  arifes  from  the  Prince  or  Legiflature  ;  and 
this  only  in  Cafes  of  Neceflity,  when  a  general  Coun- 
cil cannot  be  obtained. 

(6.)  That  the  Multitude  or  common  People  may 
not  in  any  Cafe  take  upon  them  to  reform  the  Negli- 
gence of  Princes.     Neither, 

(J.)  May  they  take  up  Arms  againft  him,  even  for 
Self-Defence,  in  cafes  of  extream  Necefilty. 

How  far  thefe  Principles  are  defenfible  in  them- 
felves,  or  confident  with  the  Englijh  Conftitution,  I 
leave  With  the  Reader;  but 'tis  very  furprizing  thac 
his  Majefly  fliould  be  fo  much  intangled  with  that 
part  of  his  Coronation  Oath  which  relates  to  the 
Church,  when  for  fifteen  Years  together  he  broke 
through  all  the  Bounds  of  it  with  relation  to  the  Civil 
Liberties  of  bis  Siibje^s  without  the  lead  Remorfe. 

Upon  tiieClofcof  this  Debate,  and  the  Death  of 
Mr.  Henderfon,  which  followed  within  fix  Weeks; 
the  King's  Friends  gave  out,  that  his  Majedy  had 
broke  his  Adverfary's  Heart.  Bifliop  Kennet  and 
Mr.  Eachard  have  publilhcd  the  following  formal  Re- 
cantation, 


348  51^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IIL 

King    cantation,  which  they  would  have  the  World  believe 
Charles  l.^j^-,  Di^iy^^  diftated,  or  figned  upon  his  Death-bed. 

1640.  *-' 

Mr.  Hen-  "  T  Do  declare  before  God  and   the  World,  that 

derfon's    "  j[  fince  I  had  the  Honour  and  Happinefs  to  con- 

pretended   «  verfe  and  confer  with  his  Majefty  widi  all  forts  of 

Recanta-  .^  Freedom,  efpecially  in  Matters  of  Religion,  whe- 

Com  1      *'  ^^^^^  ^"  relation  to  the  Kirk  or  State,  that  I  found 

jiift.  '      "  him  the  moft  intelligent  Man  that  ever  I  fpoke 

p.  190.     <«  with,  as  far  beyond  my  ExprefTion  as  Expedla- 

Bennet's   tt  j-^q^      J  profefs,  that  I   was  oftentimes  aflonifhed 

Det.  <?/      ,^  ^jjj^  ^j^g  Solidity  and  Quicknefs  of  his  Reafons, 

p.  130.      "  and  Replies;  and  wonder'd,  how  he,  fpending  his 

"  Time  fb  much  in  Sports  and  Recreations,  could 

"  have  attained  to  fo  great  Knowledge  ;  and  muft 

"  confefs  ingenuoufly,  ihat  I  was  convinced  in  Con- 

"  fcience,  and  knew  not  how  to  give  him  any  rea- 

*«  fonable  Satisfadion  •,  yet  the  Sweetnefs  of  his  Dif- 

**  pofition  is  fuch,  that  v^hatfoever  I  faid  was  well 

*'  taken.     I  mufl  fay,  I  never  met  with  any  Difpu- 

"  tant  of  that  mild  and  calm  Temper,  which  con- 

*«  vinc*d  me  the  more,  and  made  me  think,    that 

*'  fuch  Wifdom  and  Moderation  could  not  be,  with- 

"  out  an  extraordinary  Meafure  of  Divine  Grace.     I 

"  had  heard  much  of  his  Carriage  towards  the  Priefts 

«'  in  Spain,  and  that  King  James  told  the  Di/ke  of 

'«  Buckingham  upon  his  going  ihiUier,   that  he  durft 

"   venture  his  Son  Charles  with  all  the  Jefuits  in  the 

"  World,  he  knew  him  to  be  fo  well  grounded  in 

"  the  Proietlant  Religion,  but  could  never  believe 

*'  it  before.     I  o'oferved  all  his  Aftions,  more  parti- 

*'  cularly  thofe  of  Devotion,  which  I  mufl  truly  fay 

"  are  more  than  ordinary  -< —  If  I  fhould  fpeak  of 

*'  his    Juflice,    Magnanimity,     Charity,    Sobriety, 

*'  Chafticy,  Patience,  Humility,  and  of  all  his  other 

"  Chriftian  and  Moral  Virtues,  I  fhould  run  my  felf 

"  into  a   Panegyrick  ;  no  Man  can  fiy  there  is  con- 

"  fpicuoully  any  predominant  Vice  in  him  ;    never 

«'  Mad  faw  him   palTionately  Angry  ;    never  Man 

♦'  heard 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  ?VIL IT AtJil  349 

*'  heard    him   Curfe,    or   given   to  Swearing ;     or    Kttj(^ 
"  heard  him  comphiin  in  the  greatefl:  Durance  of^'^'""!"  ^• 

"   War,  or  Confinement But  I  Ihould  fecm  to    i^^f;^ 

**  flatter  him,  to  fuch  as  do  not  know  him,,  if  the  pre- 
'*  fenc  Condition  that  I  Jie  in,  did  not  exempt  me  froni 
*'  any  Sufpicion  of  worldly  Ends,  when  1  expedl  eve- 
*'  ry  Hour  to  be  called  from  all  tranfitory  Vanities  to 
"  eternal  P'elicity,  and  the  Difcharging  of  my  Con- 
"  fcience  before  God  and  Man,  did  not  oblige  me  to 
"  declare  the  Truih  fimply  and  nakedly,  in  fatisfa- 
'*  dlion  of  that  which  I  have  done  ignorantly,  though 
"  not  alcogether  innocently.'*  The  Declaration  adds, 
that  he  was  heartily  forry  for  the  Share  he  had  had  in 
the  War  ;  'that  the  Parliament  and  Synod  of  England 
had  been  abufed  with  falfe  Afperfions  of  his  Majefty, 
and  that  they  ought  to  rellore  him  to  his  juft  Rights, 
.and  his  Royal  Throne  and  Dignity,  leaft  an  indelible 
Charader  of  Ingratitude  lis  upon  them. 

Mr.  Eachdrd  conftr^Qs  he  had  been  informed,  that^^*  P'^'V^' 
this  Declaration  was  fpurious,  but  could  find  no  Au-^^-'^^J  ^'* 
thority  fufficient  to  fupport  fuch  an  AlTertion.  It  will 
be  proper  therefore  to  trace  the  Hiitory  of  this  Impo- 
fture,  and  fet  it  in  a  clear  and  convincing  Light,  from 
a  Memorial  fent  me  from  one  of  the  principal  Divines 
of  Edinburgh.  The  Story  Vv'as  firft  invented  by  one  of 
the  Scols  Epifcopal  Writers,  who  had  fled  \.o  London^ 
and  was  firft  publifhed  in  the  beginning  of  the  Year 
1648.  in  a  fmall  Pamphlet  in  Quarto  about  two  Years 
after  Mr.  Hcndc}fo?i^s  Death.  From  this  Pamphlet  Dr. 
Heylin  publifhed  it  as  a  credible  Report.  Between  Thirty 
and  Forty  Years  after  (viz.)  16^^.  Dr.  Hollingzvorlb, 
in  his  Character  of  King  Charles  I.  publifhed  the  Pa- 
per abovementioned,  entitled,  the  Declaration  of  Mr. 
Alexander  Henderfon,  principal  Alinijler  of  the  IVord 
of  God  at  Edinburgh,  and  chief  Commijfionxr  of  the  Kirk 
of  Scotland  to  the  Parlia?nent  and  Synod  of  England  ; 
which  Paper  the  Do6lor  fays  he  had  from  Mr.  Lamp- 
Uigl\  Son  to  the  late  Archbifhop  of  T'ork  of  thac 
Name,  from  whom  the  Hiftorians  above-mentioned, 
2  and 


^^6  *tt^  H I S  t  d  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King    and  fome  others,  have  copied  it ;  but  ffays  my  Me- 
Charles  I.  morial)   upon  publifhing  the  aforefaid  Story  to  the 
^if^  World  the  Affembly  of  the  Kirk  of  5^o^/^«^  appoint- 
y^i*"^  ed  a  Committee  to  examine  into  the  Affair,  who  after 
a  full  Enquiry,  by  their  A61  of  Juguft  y.  1648.  de- 
clared the  whole  to  be  a  Forgery,  as  may  be  feen  in 
the  printed  A6ts  of  the  General  Affembly  for  that 
Year,  Quarto,  page  420,    &c.    in  which  they  fig- 
hify  their  Satisfaftion  and  Affurance,  that  Mr.  Hen- 
derfon  perfifted  in  his  former  Sentiments  to  his  Death  ; 
that  when  he  left  the  King  at  Newcajile  he  was  great- 
ly decayed  in  his  natural  Strength  j  that  he  came 
from  thence  by  Sea  in  a  languifhing  Condition,  and 
died  within  eight  Days  after  his  Arrival  at  Edinburgh  -, 
that  he  was  not  able  to  frame  fuch  a  Declaration  as  is 
palmed  upon  him  •,  and,  that  all   he  fpoke  upon  his 
Death- bed  fhewed  his  Judgment  was  the  fame  as  be- 
fore about  Church  Reformation.     This  was  attefted 
before  the  Affembly  by  feveral  Minifters  who  vifited 
him  upon  his  Death-bed,  and  particularly  by   two 
chat  conftantly  attended  him  from  the  Time  he  came 
home  till  the  Time  he  expired.     After  this,  and  a 
Vide    ^    great  deal  more  to  the  fime  Purpofe,    "  they  declare 
^^f"^^7^,  "  ^'"^  above-mentioned  Paper,  entitled,    A  Declard- 
l)a.  o//;?i^^  /;(?;z  of  Mr.   Alexander  Henderfon'j,   &c.    to  be 
p.  1-4.     *'  forged^  [candalous^  and  fcdfc^    and  the  Author   and 
"  Contriver  of  the  fame  to  be  void  of  Charity  and  a 
**  good  Confcience  ;  a  grofs  Lyar  and  Calurhniitor, 
*«  and  led  by  the  Spirit  of  the  Accufer  of  tlie  Bre- 
"  thren." 
varha-  While  the  King  was  debating  the  Caufe  of  Epifco- 

ment sPro-  r^^^  the  Parliament  were  prep.iriniy  their  Propofui- 
the  Kin"  ^^^  ^*'""  ^  "^^^^^i  w.'ich  wcrc  ready  tor  the  Koyai  A  I- 
d/ Nevv-  fent  by  the  nth  of  Jidy.  The  Scots  Commiflloner^ 
caftle.  demurred  to  them  for  fome  Time,  as  not  coming  up 
Rufhw.  fully  to  their  Standard,  but  being  at  length  contcnc 
^'ol.  VI.  jj^gy  vvere  engroffed,  and  carried  to  the  King  by  the 
r-  3C9>  jg^j.]  jjf  Pembroke  and  Afo?2fgomer\',  and  the  Earl  of 
Rapin,  Suffolk^  of  the  Houfc  of  Peers  5  and  by  Sir  IVnlter 
p.  Sijj&c.  Erlej 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  Pu  RITA  i^  5,  -j^j 

Erie,  Sir  John  Hipi/lyy  Robert  Goodwifj,  and  Luh  Ro-    Khq 
binfon^  Efq;  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ;  the  Earls  of  Charles  r^ 
Arg-yk  and  Loudon  were  CommifTioners  for  Scotland^  <JJi^^' 
and  the  Reverend  Mr.  Mar/Jjall  was  ordered  to  attend  ^^^V^ 
as  their  Chaplain.     The  Commiflioncrs  arrived  ac 
Ndivcajlk  July  23.  next  Day  they  waited  upon  his 
Majefty,  and  having  killed  his  Hand,  Mr.  Goodwin 
read  the  Propofitions. 

Thofe  relating  to  the  Civil  Government  were, 

(i.)  That  the  King  fliould  call  in  all  his  Declara- 
tions againft  the  Parliament. 

(2.)  That  he  fhould  put  the  Militia  into  their 
Hands  for  Twenty  Years,  with  a  Power  to  raife  Mo- 
ney for  their  Maintenance. 

(3.)  That  all  Peerages  fin ce  iVf, 7)1  21.  1642.  fhould 
be  made  void. 

(4.)  Thac  the  Delinquents  therein  mentioned 
Hiould  undergo  the  Penalties  afligned  in  the  Bill* 
And, 

(5,)  That  the  Ceflation  with  the  Jrl/h  be  difannul- 
led,  and  the  Management  of  the  War  kt\  to  the 
Parliament. 

The  Propofitions  relating  to  Religion  were, 

1.  "  That  his  Majefty,  according  to  the  laudable 
"  Example  of  his  Father,  would  be  pleafed  to  fwear 
"  and  fign  the  late  Solemn  League  and  Covenant^  and 
*'  give  his  Con  fen  t  to  an  Aft  of  Parliament,  enjoin- 
''  ing  the  taking  it  throughout  the  three  Kingdoms, 
*'  under  certain  Penalties,  to  be  agreed  upon  in  Par- 
*'  liament. 

2.  *'  That  a  Bill  be  paffed  for  the  utter  AboliHi- 
"  ing,  and  taking  away  all  Archbifhops^  Bifi-.opr, 
*'  their  Chancellors,  Commiflaries,  Deans,  Sub- 
"  deans.  Deans  and  Chapters,  Archdeacons,  G:i- 
*'  nons  and  Prebendaries,  and  all  Chaunters,  Chan.- 
**  ceilors,  Treafurers,    Sub-Treafuren,  ^Succc-ntojF,. 

*«  Sacrifls  ;  and  all  Vicars  ind  ChorHlers,  old  Vi*  1* 

"  cars  and  new  Vicars  of  any   Cathedral  or   Colie- 
*'  giacc  Church,  and  all  other  under  Officers,  out  of 

*'  the 


352  T;&^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

King    «<  ihe  Church  oi' England,  and  out  of  the  Church  of 

Charles  I.  a  jf^^i^nd,  with  fuch  Alterations  as  fhall  agree  with  the 

yL^^  "  Articles  of  the  late  Treaty  o{  Edinburgh,  Nov.  29. 

*'   1643.  and  the  joint  Declaration  of  both  Kingdoms. 

3.  "  That  the  Ordinance  for  the  Calling  and  Sit- 
*'  ting  of  the  Aflembly  of  Divines  be  confirmed. 

4.  *'  That  Reformation  of  Religion  according  to 
*'  the  Covenant,  be  fettled  by  Aft  of  Parliament  in 
*'  fuch  Manner  as  both  Houfes  have  agreed,  or  fhall 
*'  agree,  after  Confultation  with  the  Aflembly  of 
*'  Divines. 

5.  *'  For  as  much  as  both  Kingdoms  are  obliged 
*'  by  Covenant  to  endeavour  fuch  an  Uniformity  of 
*'  Religion  as  fhall  be  agreed  upon  by  both  Houfes 
"  of  Parliament  in  England,  and  by  the  Church  and 
*'  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  after  Confultation  had  with 
*«  the  Divines  of  both  Kingdoms  aflembled,  that 
*'  this  be  confirmed  by  Ads  of  Parliament  of  both 
*'  Kingdoms  refpe<5lively. 

6.  *'  That  for  the  more  eff'eclual  Difabling  Je- 
*'  fuits,  Priefts,  Papifbs,  and  Popifh  Recufan[s,  from 
♦»  difturbing  the  State,  and  eluding  the  Laws,  an 
"  Oath  be  eftablifhed  by  A61  of  Parliament,  where- 
"  in  they  fhall  abjure  and  renounce  the  Pope*s  Su- 
*'  premacy,  the  Doftrine  of  Tranfubftantiation, 
*'  Purgatory,  WorOiipping  of  the  confecrated  Hoft, 
•'  Crucifixes  and  Images,  and  all  other  Popifh  Su- 
*'  perftitions  and  Errors  ;  and  the  Refufal  of  the  faid 
*'  Oath,  legally  tender'd,  fhall  be  a  fufficient  Con- 
''  vidtion  o«  Recufancy. 

7.  *'  That  an  Ad  of  Parliament  be  pafl"ed,  for 
*«  educating  of  the  Children  of  Papifts  by  Prote- 
"  ftnnts,  in  the  Proteftant  Religion. 

8.  "  That  an  Ad  be  pafled  tor  the  better  levy- 
*'  ing  the  Penalties  againft  Papifts ;  and  another  for 
*'  the  better  preventing  their  Plotting  againft  the 

/  "  State;  and  that  a  ftrider  Courfe  may  be  taken  to 
*'  prevent  Saying,  or  Hearing  of  Mafs  in  the  Court, 
",  or  any  other  Part  of  the  Kingdona :  The  like  for 

"  Scot' 


Chap.  VII.    of  fbe  Fu  KIT Aus.  353 

«*  Scotland^  if  the  Parliament  of  thac  Kingdom  fhall     King 
«  think  fit.  ^"^""fl  ^• 

9.  "  That  his  Majefty  give  his  Royal  Adcnc  to^^^^Ll^ 
««  an  Adt  for  the  due  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day  ; 
**  to  the  Bill  for  the  SupprefTion  of  Innovations  in 
*'  Churches  and  Chapels  in  and  about  the  Worfhip 
•*  of  God  J  to  an  A6V  for  the  better  Advancement  of 
**  the  Preaching  of  God's  holy  Word  in  all  Parts  of 
«'  the  Kingdom  j  to  the  Bill  againft  Pluralities  of 
«'  Benefices  and  Non-Refidency  ;  and,  to  an  A6t  to 
•'  be  framed  for  the  Reforming  and  Regulating  both 
•*  Univerfuies,  and  the  Colleges  of //^(?/?;w«/(?r,  ^^z«- 
«'  chefter,  and  Eaton" 

About  Sixty  Perfons  were  by  Name  excepted  from  Rufhw; 
the  general  Pardon  ;  befides,  P-  3i5' 

(i.)  All  Papifts  that  had  been  in  the  Army. 
(2.)  All  Perfons  that  had  been  concerned  in  the 
Jrtjh  Rebellion. 

(3.)  Such  as  had  deferred  the  two  Houfes  at  Wejl- 
viinjier  and  went  to  Oxford. 

(4.)  Such  Members  of  Parliament  as  had  deferted 
their  Places,  and  bore  Arms  againft  the  two  Houfes. 
And, 

(5.)  Such  Bilhops  or  Clergymen,  Matters  or  Fel- 
lows of  Colleges,  or  Mailers  of  Schools  or  Hofpitals, 
or  any  Ecclefiaftical  Living,  who  had  deferted  the  Par- 
liament, and  adher'd  to  the  Enemies  thereof,  v/ere 
declared  incapable  of  any  Preferment  or  Employment 
in  Church  or  Commonwealth,  all  their  Places,  Pre- 
ferments and  Promotions,  were  to  be  utterly  void,  as 
if  they  were  naturally  dead  ;  nor  might  they  be  per- 
mitted to  ufe  their  Function  of  the  Miniftry,  without 
Advice  and  Confent  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament ;  ^ 

provided  that  no  Lapfe  fhall  incur  by  this  Vacancy  till 
fix  Months  after  Notice  thereof. 

When  Mr.  Goodwin  had  done,  the  King  aflvcd  the 
Commiffioners  if  they  had  Power  to  treat,  to  which 
they  replied,  that  they  were  only  to  receive  his  Ma- 
jelly's  Anfwer  j  thenfaid  the  Kin^^  fuvifjg  the  Honour 
Vol.  III.  "         A  a  of 


354 


Ihe  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


KiTig    of  the  Buftnefs,    a  Trumpeter  might  have  done  as  well ; 
^^^6^1  ^'^^^  ^^'■y  ^^^^  Language  as  at  the  Treaty  o^ Oxford; 
y^^y^  but  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  told  his  Majefty,  they  muft 
receive  his  peremptory  Anfwer  in  ten  Days,  or  re- 
turn without  it. 
Great  In-       Great  Interceflions  were  made  with  the  King  to 
^"Jj^^"^^^ comply  with  thefe  Propofals,  particularly  in  the  Point 
theKhgto^^  Religion,  for  without  full  Satisfaction  in  that,  no- 
comply.      thing  would  pleafe  the  Scots  Nation,  nor  the  City  of 
London,  by  whom  alone  his  Majefty  could  hope  to  be 
preferved  ;  but  if  this  was  yielded  they  would  inter- 
pofe  for  the  moderating  other  Demands ;  the  Scots 
General,  at  the  Head  of  one  Hundred  Officers,  pre- 
fented  a  Petition  upon  their  Knees,  befeeching  his 
Majefty  to  give  them  Satisfadlion  in  the  Point  of  Re- 
ligion, and  to  take  the  Covenant.     Duke  Hamilton^ 
and  the  reft  of  the  Scots  Commiflioners  prefs*d  his  Ma- 
jefty in  the  moft  earneft  Manner  to  make  Ufe  of  the 
prefent  Opportunity  for  Peace.    The  Lord  Chancel- 
lor of  that  Kingdom  fpoke  to  this  EfFefl :    "  The 
Differences  between  your  Majefty  and  your  Parlia- 
ment are  grown  to  fuch  an  Height,  that  after  ma- 
ny bloody  Battles  they  have  your  Majefty,  with 
all  your  Garrifons  and  ftrong  Holds  in  their  Hands, 
and  the  whole  Kingdom  at  their  Difpofal,   they 
are  now  in  a  Capacity  to  do  what  they  will  in 
Church  and  State  •,    and  fome  are  fo  afraid,  and 
others  fo  unwilling  to  fubmit  to  your  Majefty's 
Government,  that  they  defire  not  you,  nor  any 
of  your  Race  longer  to  reign  over  them  ;  but  they 
are  unwilling  to  proceed  to  Extremities,  till  they 

know  your  Majefty's  laft  Refolutions' Now, 

Sir,  if  your  Majefly  fhall  refufe  to  aflent  to  the 
Propofitions  you  will  lofe  all  your  Friends  in  the 
Houfes,  and  in  the  City,  and  ail  England  v/lU  join 
againft  you  as  one  Man  -,  they  will  depofe  you  and 
\'ez  up  another  Government  •,  they  will  charge  us  to 
deliver  your  Majefty  to  them,  and  remove  our 
Armies  out  oi  England,  and  upon  your  Refufal  we 

"  fliall 


chap. VII.    ^^i&^  Puritans.  355 

**  fhall  be  conflrained  to  fettle  Religion  and  Peace     King 
^*  without  you,  which  will  ruin  your  Majefty  and^h""^"  ^* 
«*  your  Pofterity.     Wc   own   the  Propofuioos   ^r^v^i-J^^ 
•'  higher  in  fome  Things  than  we  approve  of,  but  " 

"  the  only  Way  to  eftablifii  your  Majefty*s  Throne 
•*  is  to  confent  to  them  at  prefent,  and  your  Majefty 
*'  may  recover  in  a  Time  of  Peace  all  that  you  have 
**  loft  in  this  Time  of  Tempefl  and  Trouble.'* 

This  was  Plain-Dealing  :  The  King's  beft  Friends  b«*  J< 
prayed  his  Majefty  to  confider  his  prefent  Circum-*'^/''-/*'* 
fiances,  and  not  hazard  his  Crown  for  a  Form  ofj^^*"* 
Church  Government  ;  or,  if  he  had  no  Regard  to  ^^^J^'g^ 
himfelf,    to  confider  his  Royal  Pofteriiy  ;    but  the  * 
King  replied,  His  Confcience  was  dearer  to  him  than  his 
Crown ;  that  till  he  had  received  better  Satisfacflion 
about  the  Divine  Right  of  Epifcopacy,  and  the  Obliga- 
tion of  his  Coronation  Oath,  no  Confiderations  fhould 
prevail  with  him  ;  he  told  the  Officers  of  the  Army, 
he  neither  could  nor  would  take  the  Covenant  ////  he 
bad  heard  from  the  ^een.   Which  was  only  an  ExcufeCIarenJ^ 
to  gain  Time  to  divide  his  Enemies,  for  the  King^*^^-^^^' 
had  heard  from  his  Queen  by  Monfieur  Bellievre,  the  J"/^'  5^» 
French  Ambaflador,  who  waited  upon  him  with  pofi-Rapfn 
tive  Inftrudions,  to  prefs  his  Majefty,  as  the  Advicep.  344, 
of  the  King  oi  France^  of  the  Queen,  and  of  his  own 
Party,  to  give  the  Prefbyterians  Satisfadion  abouc 
the  Church.     BeUievre  not  being  able  to  prevail,  fenc 
over  an  Exprefs  to  France,  with  a  Defire,  that  fome 
Body  of  more  Credit  with  the  King  might  be  fenr. 
Upon  which  Sir  JVilliam  Davenant  came  over  with  a 
Letter  of  Credit  from  the  Queen,*  befeeching  him  to 
part  with   the  Church  for  his  Peace   and  Security, 
When  Sir  JVilliam  had  delivered  the  Letter  he  ven- 
tur'd  to  fupport  it, with  fome  Arguments  of  his  own, 
and  told  his  Majefty,  in  a  moft  humble  Manner,  that 
it  was  the  Advice  of  Lord  Culpeper,  Jermyn,  and  of 
all  his  Friends  •,  upon  which  the  King  was  fo  tran- 
fported  with  Indignation,  that  he  forbid  him  his  Pre- 
fence.     When  thfrffore  the  ten  Days  for  confider- 
A  a  2  ing 


r 


356  ^/^^  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

King    ing  the  Propofitions  were  expired,  inftead  of  con- 

^^^^■^"  ^fencing,  his  Majelty  gave  the  Commiflioners  his  Ari- 

vJ«A^  fwer  in  a  Paper,  directed  to  the  Speaker  of  the  Houfc 

of  Peers,  to  this  EfFe6V,    "  That  the  Propofitions 

*'  contained  fo  great  Alterations  both  in  Church  and 

"  State,  that  his  Majefty  could  not  give  a  particular 

"  and  pofuive  Anfwer  to  them,"  but  after  fome  few 

Conceflions  hereafter  to  be  mentioned,  **  he  propo- 

"  fes  to  come  to  London^  or  any  of  his  Houfes  there- 

*'  abouts,  and  enter  upon  a  perfonal  Treaty  with 

"  both  Houfes ;  and  he  conjures  them,  as  Chriili- 

**  ans  and  Subje6ls ,    and    as   Men   that   defire  to 

"  leave  a  good  Name  behind  them,  to  accept  of 

*'  this  Propofal,  that  the  unhappy  Diftraftions  of  the 

**  Nation  may  be  peaceably  fettled." 

Hhconfe-      When  this  Anfwer  was  reported  to  the  Houfc, 

rence  ivitb  ^^g^  j2.  it  was  fefolvcd,  to  fettle  Accounts  with  the 

*comnT(n-  ^^°^^^  ^"^  ^°  receive  the  King  into  their  own  Cufto- 

oners.       ^J  >  t)ut  in  the  mean  Time  his  Majefty  attempted  to 

Ham.       bring  that  Nation  over  to  his  Intereft,    by  playing 

Mem.       the  Independants  againft  them,  and  telling  them,  the 

p.  zZ6.     Qniy  Way  to  deftroy  the  Sediarians  was  to  join  with 

the  Epifcopalians,  and  admit  of  the  Eftabliftiment  of 

both  Religions.     "  I  do  by  no  means  perfwade  you 

*'  (fays  the  King)  to  do  any  Thing  contrary  to  your 

-"  Covenant,  but  I  defire  you  to  confider  whether  it 

■••*  be   not  a  great  Step  towards  your  Reformation 

"  (which  I  take  to  be  the  chief  End  of  your  Cove- 

*"=  nant)  that  the  Prefbyterial  Government  be  legally 

"  fettled.     'Tis  true,  I  defire  that  the  Liberty  of 

"  my  own  Confcie'nce,  and  ofthofe  who  are  of  the 

**  fame  Opinion   with  my  felf  may    be  preferved, 

**  which,  I  confefs,  does  not  as  yet  totally  takeaway 

-  "  Epifcopal  Government.     But  then  confider  withal, 

;■  *'  That  this  will  take  awa-j  all  the  fuperjlitious  Se5ts  and 

*«  Herefies  of  the  Papijls  and  Inde pendants ^  to  which  '^on 

"  *'  are  no  lejs  obliged  hy  your  Covenant,  than  to  the  taking 

*'  away  of  Epifcopacy.     And   this  that  I  demand  is 

;'  likely  to  be  but  Temporary  \  for  if  it  be  {0  clear 

^-'  *♦  as 


Chap.VIL    of  the  Puritans.  357 

•'  as  you  believe,    that   Epifcopacy  is  unlawful,    I    k/w? 

**  doubt  not  but  God  will  fo  enlighten  my  Eyes  that^^^""'"  ^' 

**  I  fhall  foon  perceive  it,  and  then  I  promife  to  con-  ^!f  "J^ 

*'  cur  with  you  fully  in  Matters  of  Religion  i  but  1^^ 

'*  am  fure  you  cannot  imagine,  that  there  is  any  Hopes 

"  of  converting  or  ftlcncing  the  Independant  Party^  which 

"  undoubtedly  will  get  a  toleration  in  Religion  from  the 

*'  Parliament  of  England,  unlejs  you  join  with  me  in 

**  that  Way  that  I  have  propofed  for  the  ejlablijhing  of 

*'  my  Crown ;  or  at  leaft,  that  you  do  not  prefs  me 

*'  to  do  this  (which  is  yet  againft  my  Confcicnce) 

*'  till  I  may  do  it  without  finning,  which,  as  I  am 

'*  confident,  none  of  you  will  perfwade  me  to  do,  fo 

*'  I  hope  you  have  fo  much  Charity,  as  not  to  put 

*'  Things  to  fuch  a  defperate  IfTue  as  to  hazard  the 

"  L.ofs  of  all,    becaufe  for  the  prefent  you  cannot 

* '  have  full  Satisfaction  from  me  in  Point  of  Religion,  RuiTiw. 

*'  not  confidering,  that  befides  the  other  Mifchiefsi*  3^^*- 

*'  that  may  happen,  it  will  infallibly  fet  up  the  inmuner- 

*'  able  Se5fs  of  the  Independants^    nothing   being  more 

**  againji  your  Covenant  than  the  fuffering  ihofe  Schifms 

*<  toencreafe**     His  Majefty  then  added,  ''  That  he ^^^'"* 

"  Ihould  be  content  to  reftrain  Epifcopal  Govern-    ^^\ 

"  ment  to  the  Diocefes  oi Oxford,  IVincheJler,  Bath  and 

"  Wells,  and  Exeter,  leaving  all   the  reft  of  England 

"  fully  to  the  Prefbyterial  Difcipline,  with  the  flriSlefi 

"  Claufes  that  could  be  thought  of  in  an  Aof  of  Parliament 

*'  againft  the  Papifls  and  Independants.**     But  the  Scots 

would  abare  nothing  in  the  Article  of  Religion  ,  even 

for  the  Overthrow  of  the  Sedtaries.     Duke  Hamilton 

left  no  Methods  unattempted  to  perfwade  his  Majefty 

to  comply,  but  without  Effeft. 

When  the  King  could  not  gain  the  Commiflloners,  Scots  Kirk 
he  applied  by  his  Friends  to  the  Kirk,  who  laid  his'""'^'"" 
Propofals  before  the  General  Aflembly,  with  his  Ot-^'f*''^ 
fer  to  make  any  Declaration  they  fhould  defire  againft  ^a"^' 
the  Jndependants,    and    that   really,    without  Mem. 
ANY  Reserve  OR   Equivocation;  but   the  Kirkp. ^98. 
were  as  peremptory  as  the  CommifTioners  j  they  faid  R-^^\^- 
^  A  a  3  iheP'  5^°' 


358  ri'^  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

Rir>g  the  King's  Heart  was  not  with  them,  nor  could  they 
Charles  I-fjepend  upon  his  Promifes  any  longer  than  it  was  not 
^J_^^  in  his  Power  to  fet  them  afide. 

In  the  mean  Time  the  EngUJb  Parliament  were  de- 
bating with  the  Scots  Commiflioners  at  London  the 
Right  of  difpofing  of  the  King's  Perfon,   the  latter 
claiming  an  equal  Right  to  him  with  the  former  ;  but 
the  Parliament  voted  that  the  Kingdom  o/Scotland  had  no 
joint  Right  to  difpofe  of  the  Perfon  of  the  King  in  the  King- 
dom of  England.     To  which  the  Scots  would  hardly 
have  fubmitted  but  for  fear  of  engaging  in  a  new 
War,   and  of  lofing  all  their  Arrears.     His  Majefty 
would  willingly  have  retired  into  Scotland,  but  the 
Clergy  of  that  Nation  would  not  receive  him,  as  ap- 
pears by  their  folejnn  IVarning  to  all  Eflates  and  Degrees 
of  PerfoHS  throughoiU  the  Land,  dated  Dec.  17.   1646. 
rhirfo'    in  which  they  fay,  "  So  long  as  his  Majefty  does  not 
lemnivavn- ti  ^pprove  in  his  Heart,  and  Seal  with  his  Hand, 
^ieclara-    "  ^^^  League  and  Covenant^    we  cannot  but  appre- 
tion.         "  hend,  that  according  to  his  former  Principles  he 
««  will  walk  contrary  to  it,  and  ftudy  to  draw  us  into 
'^  the  Violation  of  it.     Befides,     our   receiving  hi? 
"'  Majefty  into  Scotland  at  this  Time  will  confirm  the 
'*  Sufpicion    of  the  Englifh  Nation,   of  our  under- 
*'  hand  Dealing  with  him  before  he  came  into  our 
"•  Army.     Nor  do  we  fee  how  it  is  confiftent  with 
^•^  our  Covenant  and  Treaties,  but  on  the  contrary, 
*■'  it  would  involve  us  in  the  Guilt  of  Perjury,  and 
"•  ejfpofe  us  to  the  Hazard  of  a  bloody  War.     We 
'^'  are  bound  by  our  Covenant  to  defend  the  King's 
f  Perfon  and  Authority  in  the  Defence  and  Prefer- 
;"  vation  oK  the  true  Religion,  and  the  Liberties  of 
*'  the  Kingdom,    and  fo  far   as  his  Majefty  is  for 
?'  thefe  we  will  be  for  him  •,  but  if  his  Majefty  will 
*'  not  fatisfy  the  juft  Defires  of  his  People,  both  Na- 
?'  tions  are    engaged    to    purfue    the  Ends  thereof 
f*  againft  all  Lets  and  Impediments  ;  we  therefore 
*f  defire,  that  thofe  who  are  intrufted  with  the  pub- 
ff  lick  Affairs  of  this  Kingdoqi  would  ftill  infift  upon 

^    '*  his 


Chap.  VII.     cf  the  Pu  Ri  TAN  s.  3^9 

•*  his  Majefty's  fettling  Religion  according  to  the     Ki»g 
**  Covenant,  as  the  only  Means  of  preferving  him-^*^^^'"   * 
*'  felf,  his  Crown,  and  Pofterity.'*  Upon  reading  this^^^^^^^^^ 
Admonition  of  the  Kirk  the  Scols  Parliament  relolved,  proceed- 
that  his  Majefty  bedefired  to  grant  the  whole  '?tq^o- u'gs  of  tU 
fitions ;  that  in  cafe  ofRefufal,  the  Kingdom  fhould^'^o"^'"''- 
be  fecured  without  him.     They  declared  further,  '^h'^t^;,f^j^'/L. 
the  Kingdom  of  Scotland  could  not  lawfully  engage ru^w. 
for  the  King  as  long  as  he  refufed  to  take  the  Covenant^}^.  59:. 
and  give  them  Satisfaflion  in  point  of  Religion.    Nor 
would  they  admit  him  to  come  into  Scotland  unlrfs  he 
gave  a  fatisfaftory  Anfwer  to  the  Propofitions  lately 
prefented  to  him  in  the  Name  of  both  Kingdoms. 

The  Refolutions  abovementioned  were  not  com- TJ:ey  Mi- 
municated  in  form  to  the  King  till  the  beginning  cf'^^'' ^""/*^ 
January^    when  the  Scots  Commiffioners  prefs*d  ^^^^^^  ,leir 
again  in  the  moft  humble  and  importunate  Manner  tOj^eafons. 
give  them  Satisfadiion,  at  leaft,  in  the  Point  of  Reli- 
gion,  but  his  Majefty  was  immoveable  ;  which  being 
reported  back  to  Edinburgh^  the  Queftion  was  put  in 
that  Parliament,  Whether  the'j  JJjould  leave  the  King  in 
England,  to  his  two  Houfes  of  Parliament  ?  And  it  was 
carried  in  the  Affirmative.     Jan.  16.  a  Declaration 
was  publifhed  in  the  Name  of  the  whole  Kingdom  of 
Scotland^  wherein  they  fay,  *'  That  when  his  Majefty  R^^w, 
'*  came  to  their  Army  before  Newark  he  profeffed'^'  ^^^' 
*'  that  he  was  abfolutely  refolved  to  comply  with  his 
"  Parliaments  in  every  Thing  for  fettling  of  Truth 
"  and  Peace;  in  confidence  whereof  the  Committees 
*'  of  the  Kingdom  of  5ird?//^;z^  declared  to  himfelf,  and 
"  to  the  Kingdom   of  England^    that  they   received 
**  him  into  their  Proteflion  only  upon  thefe  Terms, 
**  fince  which  Time  Propofitions  of  Peace  have  been 
'*  prefented  to  his  Majefty    for  the  Royal   Aftent, 
"  with  earneft  Supplications  to  the  fame  Purpofe, 
"  but  without  effect.     The  Parliament  of  Scotland 
*»  therefore  being  now  to  recal  their  Army  out  ofEng- 
*'  landy  confidering  that  his  Majefty  in  fever al  Mefjages 
*'  has  defired  to  be  near  his  two  Houfes  of  Parliament,    , 
A  a  4  ♦♦  and 


36o  516^  HISTORY         VoI.IIF; 

King    '«  and  that  the  Parliament  has  appointed  his  Majejly  to 

ChaHe^s  1. 1.  ^^ji^^  ^^  Holmby  Houfe  with  Safety  to  his  Royal  Per- 

s^f^'^ff^  "  fon  i  and  in  regard  of  his  Majejifs  not  giving  afatisfa^ 

"  ^ory  Anfwer  to  the  Propofttions  for  Peace  ;  and  from  a 

"  Defire  to  preferve  a  right  Under  ft  anding  between  the 

*'  two  Kingdoms^  and  for  preventing  new  Troubles,  the 

"  States  of  Parliament  of  the  Kingdom  oi  Scotland  do 

"  declare  their  Concurrence  for  the  King's  Majefty's 

"  going  to  Holmby  Houfe,  to  remain  there  till  he  give 

"  Satisfadion  about  the  Propofitions  for  Peace,  and 

^'  that  in  the  mean  Time  there  be  no  Harm,  Prejudice, 

"  Injury  or  Violence  done  to  his  Royal  Perfon  ;  that  there 

'*  be  no  Change  of  Government ;  and,  that  his  Pojierity 

"  be  no  way  prejudiced  in  their  lawful  Succefpion  to  the 

*'  Crown  and  Government  of  thefe  Kingdoms ." 

Englifh         While  the  Parliament  and  Kirk  of  Scotland  were  de- 

Comrmjfi-  bating  the  King's  Propofals,  his  Majefty  writ  to  the 

TeTvVthe    P*^''''^f^^'^"t  of  £»^/^«Jin  themoft  preflingTerms,  for 

Kin^,  and^  perfonal  Treaty  at  london,  "  'Tis  your  King  (fays 

convey  him  "  he  in  his  Letter  of  Dec.  lo.)  that  deli  res  to  be  heard, 

to  Holm-  "  the  which,  if  refufed  to  a  Subjed  by  a  King  he 

-y-  "  would  be  thought  a  Tyrant,  wherefore  I  conjure 

*'  you,  as  you  would  Ihew  your  felves  really  what 

*'  you  profefs,    good  Chriftians  and  good  Subjeds, 

*'  that  you  accept  this  Offer."     But  the  Houfes  were 

afraid  to  trull  his   Majefty  in  London,  and  therefore 

appointed  Commifiioners  to  receive   him  from  the 

Scots  and. convoy  him  to  Holmby  Houfe  in  ISJorthampton- 

Jhire,  where  he  arrived  Feb.  6.  1647.     But  the  Sum 

of  two  Hundred  Thoufand  Pounds,    being  half  the 

Arrears  due  to  the  Scots  Army,  having  been  paid  them 

by  Agreement  before  they  march'd  out  of  Newcajlle, 

y:j„         k  has  been  commonly  faid.  They  fold  their  King.     An 

Rapiii,      unjud  and  malicious  Afperfion!   Ir  ought  to  be  confi- 

p-  3-f"'      der'd,  that  the  Money  was  their  due  before  the  King 

delivered    himfelf  into    their    Hands  -,    for    that  ift 

fettling  the  Accoun's  between  the  two  Nations  his 

Majcfty's  Name  was  not  mentioned  ;  that  it  was  im.pof- 

fible  to  detain  him  without  a  War  with  England,  and 

2     ■  that 


Chap,  VII.     of  the  Pv  RiT  AK  &.  561 

thu  the  Officers  of  the  Army  durft  not  carry  the  King    King 
to  Edinburgh^  becaufe  both  Parliament  and  Kirk  had^*^'^^"  ^- 
declared  againft  receiving  him.  v,^-V-0 

But  how  furprizing  was    his  Majefty's  Condud  I  nemarh. 
How  many  crofs  and   inconfiftent  Propolais  did  he 
make  at  this  Time  !   While  he  was  treating  with  the 
Scots,  and  offering  to  concur  in  the  fevered  Meafures 
againft  the  Independants,  he  was  liftning  to  the  Offers 
of  thofe  very  Independants  to  fet  him  upon  the  Throne 
without  taking  the  Covenant,  or  renouncing  the  Li- 
turgy of  the  Church,  provided  they  might  have  a 
Toleration  for  themfelves.     This  agreeing  with  the 
King's  Inclinations  had  too  great  a  Hearing  from  him 
(fays  Bifliop  Burnet)  till  Lauderdale  writ  from  Lon- 
don,  "  That  he  was  infallibly  fure,  they  defigned  the  Ham. 
*'  Deftru<5lion  of  Monarchy,  and  the  Ruin  of  the^^cm. 
**  King  and  his  Pofterity  ;  but  that  if  he  would  con-^'  ^^^' 
*'  fenr  to  the  Propofitions  all  would  be  well  in  fpight 
"  of  the  Devil  and  the  Independants  too."    But  if  his 
Majefty  had  in  good  Earneil:  fallen  in  with  the  Pro- 
pofals  of  the  Army  at  this  Time,   I  am  of  Opinion 
they  would  have  fet  him  upon  the  Throne  without 
the  Shackles  of  the  Scots  Covenant. 

While  the  King  was  at  Holmby  Houfe  h*e  was  at-ir/w^  at 
tended  with  great  Refped,  and  fuflfered  to  divert  him- Holmby 
felf  at  Bowls  with  Gentlemen  in  the  neighbouring ^°"f«' 
Villages,  under  a  proper  Guard.     The  Parliament 
appointed  two  of  their  Clergy  (viz.)  Mr.  Caryl  and 
Mr.  Marfljall,  to  preach  in  the  Chapel  Mornings  and 
Afternoons  on  the  Lord's  Day,  and  perform  the  De- 
votions of  the  Chapel  on  Week  Days,  but  his  Maje-^ 
fty  never  gave  his  Attendance,     tie  fpent  his  Sun- 
days in  private  ;  and  though  they  waited  at  Table  he 
would  not  fo  much  as  admit  them  to  afk  a  Bleffing.   , 

Before  the  Kitg  removed  from  Newcaftle  the  Par-Orrf/«/tw.-« 
liament  put  the  finifhing  Hand  to  the  DeftrudliorT  of^'*""^^''/^- 
the  Hierarchy,  by  abolifliing  the  very  Names  ^^'^^^/j^V 
Titles  of  Archbifliops,  Bifhops,  ^c.  -and  alienating ^^Z 
their  Revenues  fgr  Payment  ^of  the  publick  Debts. 
■    '       •  '       ■      .  This 


362  7X^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  111. 

King    This  was  done  by  two  Ordinances,    bearing  Date 
Charles  I.  Q^o/,.  ^,  and  Nov.  1 6.  1646.  entitled,  Ordinances  for 
y]^^^  aboliping  ArchhiJJjops  and  Bijhops^  and  providing  for  the 
Husb.  Col.  P^^nieni  of  the  juft  and  necejfary  Debts  of  the  Kingdom^ 
p.  91a.     into  which  the  fame  has  been  drawn  by  a  War^  mainly 
promoted  by,  and  in  favour  of  the  faid  Archbifhops^  Bi- 
jhops,  and  other  their  Adherents  and  Dependants.     The 
Ordinance  appoints,  *•  That  the  Name,  Title,  Stile 
**  and  Dignity  of  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury,   Arch- 
*'  hifhop  of  York,    Biffjop  of  Winchefter,    Bijhop  of 
*«  Durham,  and  all  other  Bifliops  of  any  Bifhopricks 
"  within  the  Kingdom  of  England  and   Dominion 
*'  of  Wales,    be,  from  and  after  September  5.  1646. 
*'  wholly  abolilhed  and  taken  away  i    and  all  and 
'*  every  Perfon  and  Perfons  are  to  be  thenceforth  dif- 
*'  abled  to  hold  the  Place,  Fun(n:ion,  Stile  of  Arch- 
"  bilhop,  or  Bifhop  of  any  Church,  See,  or  Dio- 
**  cefe  now  eftablilhed  or  ereded,  or  hereafter  to  be 
**  eftablilhed  or  ereded  within  the  Kingdom  of  Eng- 
"  land.  Dominion  of  Wales,-  or  Town  of  Berwick  on 
**  Tweed ;  or  to  ufe,  or  put  in  ufe  any  Archiepifcopal, 
**  or  Epifcopal  Junfdidtion  or  Authority  by  force  of 
*«  any  Letters  Patents  from  the  Crown,  made,  or  to 
*'  be  ma^e,  or  by  any  other  Authority  whatfoever, 
*'  any  Law,  Statute,  Ufage  or  Cuftom  to  the  con- 
•  '*  trary  notwithftanding.** 
And  for        By  the  Ordinance  ofiVoi'.  16.  it  is  further  ordaih- 
saleof     e^^    <c  Xhat  all  Counties  Palatine,   Honours,    Ma- 
t^eir        jt  j^Qj.g^    Lordlhips,  Stiles,   Circuirs,    Precinds,  Ca- 
R'lliw      "  ^^^^»  Granges,  Melluages,  Mills,  Lands,  Tene- 
j^y[     ««  ments.   Meadows,  Paftures,    Parfonages,    appro- 
"  priate  Tithe^,  Oblations,    Obventions,   Fenfions, 
"  Portions  of  Tithes,  Vicarages,  Churches,  Chapels, 
."  Advowlons,   Donations,    Nominations,   Rights  of 
•«  Patronage    and    Prefentations,    Parks,    Woods, 
•'  ilents,    Reverfions,    Services,    Annuities,    Fran- 
♦'  chifes.  Liberties,    Privileges,  Immunities,  Rights 
•*  of  Adion,  and  of  Entry,  Interefts,  Titles  of  En- 
**  try,    Conditions,    Commons ,    Courc-Leets,    and 

*'  Court- 


Chap. VII.    o/'M^  Puritans:  363 

'*  Court-Barons,  and  all  other  Pofleflions  and  Here-     King 
*'  ditamencs  whatfoever,  which  now  are,  or  within ^'^*''^"  ^• 
*«  ten  Years  before  the  beginning  of  the  prefent  Par-  yJ^J^ 
•'  liamenr,  were  belonging  to  the  faid  Archbilhops^^^^' 
•*  and  Bifhops,  Archbilhopricks  or  Bifhopricks,  or 
•«  any  of  them,  together  with  all  Chattels,  Deeds, 
•*  Books,  Accompts,  Rolls,  and  other  Writings  and 
*'  Evidences  whaifoever,  concerning  the  Premifes, 
'*  which  did  belong  to  any  the  faid  Archbifhops, 
**  Bifhops,  i^c.  are  veiled  and  fettled,  adjudged  and 
"  deemed  to  be  in  the  real  and  aftual  Poffeffion  and 
*'  Seizing  of  the  Twenty  four  Truftees  mentioned  in 
'*  the   Ordinance,    their  Heirs    and  Affigns  upon 
*'  Truft,  that  they  Ihall  difpofe  of  the  fame,  and  ;he 
"  Rents  and  Profits  thereof,  as  both  Houfes  of  Par- 
**  liament  fhall  order  and  appoint,   ;.  <?.    for  Pay- 
*'  ment  of  the  publick  Debts,  and  other  neceffary 
^«  Charges  occafioned  by  the  War,  promoted  chief- 
.*'  ly  by,  and  in  favour  of  the  faid  Hierarchy,  faving 
.**  and  excepting  all  Tithes  appropriate.  Oblations, 
**  Obventions^  and  Portions  of  Tithes,  ^c.  belong- 
**  ing  to  the  faid  Archbifhops,  Bifhops,  and  others 
•'  oi  the  faid  Hierarchy ;  all  which,  together  with 
*'  thirty  Thoufand  Pounds  yearly  Rent  belonging  to 
"  the  Crown,  they  referve  for  the  Maintenance  of 
*'  preaching  Minifters.     The  Truftees  are  not    to 
'"  avoid  any  Leafe  made  for  three  Lives,  or  Twen- 
**  ty  one  Years,    provided  the  faid  Leafe  or  Leafes 
««  were  not  obtained  fince  the  Month  of  December, 
**  1641.     They  are  empowered  to  appoint  proper  Scobel, 
•<  Officers  to  furvey,  and  take  a  particular  EftimateP- 4°^ 
**  of  all  Bifhops  Lands,   to  receive  the  Rents  and 
**  Profits  of  them,  and  to  make  a  fufficient  Title  to 
"  fuch  as  fhall  purchafe  them,  by  Order  of  Parlia- 
"  ment."     By  virtue  of  this  Ordinance  the  Trufleea 
were  empowered   to  pay,    or  caufe  to    be  paid  to 
ihe  AJfembl-j  of  Divines  their  conftant  Salary  allowed 
them  by  former  Order  of  Parliament,  with  all  their 
Arrears,  out  of  the  Rents,    Revenues,   and  Profits 

belong- 


364  ?r.6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IIL 

Kitig  belonging  to  the  Jate  Avchh\(hop  of  Cafiterhufyf  till 
Charles  Ifuch  Time  as  the  faid  Lands  and  Revenues  fhall  hap- 
yl^t^  pen  to  be  fold.  Thefe  Church  Lands  were  at  firft 
mortgaged  as  a  Security  for  feveral  large  Sums  of 
Money  which  the  Parliament  borrowed  at  eight  ^ 
C^»/.  Intereft.  Several  Members  of  Parliament,  and 
Officers  of  the  Army,  afterwards  purchafed  them  at 
low  Rates,  but  the  Bargain  proved  dear  enough  in  the 
End.  And  furely  it  was  wrong  to  fet  them  to  Sale,  for 
theLands  being  given  for  the  Service  of  Religion,  ought 
to  have  been  continued  for  thatUfe,  tho'  in  a  different 
Channel ;  but  herein  they  followed  the  ill  Examples  of 
the  Kings  and  Queens  of  E?igland  at  the  Reformation. 
Presbyteri-  Xhe  Prejb'jterians  were  now  in  the  Height  of  their 
ans  /'f*:^^- Povver,  the  Hierarchy  being  deftroyed,  the  King 
"scitarfes.  f^^""  Prisoner,  and  the  befl,  if  nor  all  the  Livings  in 
the  Kingdom  diftributed  among  them  i  but  ftill  they 
were  diffatisfied  for  want  of  the  'Top-Jlone  to  their  new 
Building,  which  was  Church  Power  -,  the  Pulpits,  and 
Converfation  of  the  City,  were  filled  with  Invedtives 
againft  the  Men  in  Power,  becaufe  they  would  not 
leave  the  Church  indepcndanc  on  the  Srace;  the  Pref- 
byterian  Miniflers  were  very  troublefome,  the  Parlia- 
ment being  teszed  every  Week  with  Church  Grievan- 
ces of  one  kind  or  another  -,  Dec.  19.  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  his  Brethren  went  up  to  IVejlminJier  with  a  Repre- 
fentation  of  fome  of  them,  and  a  Petition  for  Redrefs. 
The  Grievances  were, 

1.  *'  The  Contempt  that  began  to  he  put  upon  the 
*'  Covenant^  fome'refufing  to  take  it,  and  others  de- 
•'  claiming  loudly  againfi:  it;  they  therefore  pray, 
**  that  it  may  be  impofed  upon  the  whole  Nation, 
*'  under  fuch  Penahies  as  the  Houfes  fhall  think  fit; 
*'  and  that  fuch  as  refufe  it  be  difqualified  from  all 
"  Places  of  Profit  and  Trufl:. 

2.  "  The  Gro'Wth  of  Here fj  and  Schifm  •,  the  Pul- 
*'  pits  being  ofcen  ui'urped  by  preaching  Soldiers, 
♦*  who  infede-d  all  Places  where  they  came  with  dan- 
^*  gerous  Errors  i  they  therefore  pray,  that  all  fuch 

**  Pev- 


Chap. VIT.    df  the  TuRiTAi^f.  365 

*'  Perfons  may  be  forbid  to  preach  as  have  not  taken     King 

•*  the  Covenant,    and  been  regularly  ordained,  and^^*''"^' 

«*  that  all  feparate  Congregations,  the  very  Nurfe^  yJ^J^ 

**  ries  of  damnable  Hereticks,  may  be  fupprcfled  i 

"  that  an  Ordinance  be  made  for  the  exemplary  Pu- 

*'  nifliment  of  Hereticks  and  Schifmaticks,  and  than 

**:  all  godly  and  orthodox  Minifters  may  have  a  com- 

•'  petent  Maintenance,  many  Pulpits  being  vacant 

*'  of  a  fettled  Minifler  for  want  of  it  ;  and  here  (fay 

«'  they)  we  would  lay  the  Strefs  of  our  Defires,  and 

*'  the  Urgency  of  our  Affe6lions.'*     They  complain 

further,  of  the  "  undue  Pra^ices  of  Country  CommitteeSy 

•'  of  the  threatening  Pozver  of  the  Army^  and  oi  [ome 

"  Breaches  in  the  Conjlittttion  ;  all  which  they  defire 

**  may  be  redreffed,   and  that  his  Majefty*s  Royal 

<'  Perfon  and  Authority  may  be  preferved  and  de- 

'*  fended,  together  with  the  Liberties  of  the  King- 

«'  dom,  according  to  the  Covenant." 

To  fatisfy  the  Petitioners  the  Houfe  of  Commons  F»w«^- 
publifhed  a  Declaration  Dec.  31.  "  wherein  they  ex-"'^'."/ 
«*  prefs  their  Diflike  of  Lay- Preachers ,  and  their  Rc-^^'^^''' 
"  folutions  to  proceed  againft  all  fuch  as  fhall  takej^,^" 
«*  upon  them  to  preach,  or  expound  the  Scriptures 
**  in  any  Church  or  Chapel,  or  any  other  publick 

-«*  Place,  except  they  be  ordained  either  here,  or  in 
'«  fome  other  reformed  Churches  j  likewife  againft 
**  all  fuch  Minifters,  and  others,  as  fhall  publifli, 
*<  or  maintain  by  preaching,  writing,  printing,  or 
<'  any  other  way,  any  Thing  againft,  or  in  Deroga- 
«  tion  of  the  Church  Government  which  is  now  ella- 
*'  bliftied  by  Authority,  of  Parliament;  and  alfo, 
"  againft  all  and  every  Perfon  or  Perfons  vho  ftiall 
"  willingly  or  purpofely  interrupt  or  diiturb  a 
•'.Preacher  in  the  publick  Exercifeof  his  Funcftion  ; 

^■^*  and  they  command  all  Officers  of  the  Peace,  and 

'**  Officers  of  the  Army,  to  take  Notice  of  this  De- 
"  claration,  and  by  all  lawful  Means  to  prevent  Of- 
"  fences  of  this  kind,  and  to  apprehend  Offenders, 
^*  that  a  Courfe  may  be  fpeedily  taken  for  a  due  Pu- 

.    :  "  niffimenc 


366  ^beUlSrOKY         Vol.111, 

Ki«g    •*  nifhment  to  be  inflifted  upon  them."    The  Houfe 
Charles  I.Qf  Lords  publifhed  an  Order,  bearing  Date  Dec,  22. 
^5^^^  requiring  the  Headboroughs  and  Conftables,  in  the 
^^^^^  feveral  Pari{hes  of  England  and  fVales,  to  arreft  the 
Bodies  of  fuch  Perfons  as  (ball  difturb  any  Minifter  ire 
holy  Orders,  in  the  Exercife  of  his  publick  Calling, 
by  Speech  or  Adion,  and  carry  them  before  fome  Ju- 
ftice  of  Peace,  who  is  required  to  put  the  Laws  in  Exe- 
cution againft  them.  fi?^.  4.  they  publifhed  an  Ordinance 
to  prevent  the  Growth,  and  Spreading  of  Errors,  Here- 
fies,  and  Blafphemies ;  but  thefe  Orders  not  coming  up 
to  their  Covenant  Unifonnity^  the  Lord  May  orahd  Common 
Council  preknted  another  Petition  to  theHoufes  March 
17.  and  appointed  a  Committee  to  attend  the  Parliament 
from  Day  to  Day,  till  their  Grievances  were  redreffed, 
of  which  we  Ihall  hear  more  under  the  next  Year, 
furtlerAc-     We  have  already  accounted  for  the  unhappy  Rife  of 
coHtitoftheihekSe^arians  in  the  Army  when  it  was  new  Modell'd, 
geStaries,  ^vho  were  now  grown  fo  extravagant  as  to  call  for 
fome  proper  Reftraint,  the  Mifchief  being  fpread  not 
only  over  the  whole  Country,  but  into  the  very  City  of 
London  it  felf ;  it  was  firft  pleaded  in  excufe  for  this  Pra- 
d:ice,  that  a  gifted  Brother  had  better  preach  and  pray 
to  the  People  than  nobody  ;  but  now  Learning,  good 
Senfe,  and  the  rational  Interpretation  of  Scripture^ 
began  to  be  cried  down,  and  every  bold  Pretender 
to  Infpiration  was  preferr*d  to  the  moft  grave  and  fo- 
ber  Divines  of  the  Age  ;  fome  advanced  themfelves 
into  the  Rank  of  Prophets,  and  others  uttered  all  fuch 
crude  and  undigefted  Abfurdities  as  came  firft  into 
their  Minds,    calling  them  the  Didates  of  the  Spirit 
within  them  ;  by  which  the  publick  Peace  was  fre- 
quently difturbed,   and  great  Numbers  of  ignorant 
People  led  into  the  Belief  of  the  moll  dangerous  Er- 
rors.    The  AfTembly  of  Divines  did  what  they  could 
to  ftand  in  the  Gap,  by  writing  againft  them,  and 
publilhing  a  Detejiation  of  the  Errors  of  the  'Times.  T-he 
Parliament  alfo  appointed  a  Faft  on  that  Account, 
Feb.  4.  164!-.  and  many  Books  were  pubiilhed  againft 

the 


Chap.  VII.     o/'  /^^  P  U  R  I  T  A  N  sj  367 

the  Antinomians,  Jnabaptifls,    Seekers,  &c.    not  for-     King 
getting  the  Inde pendants,  whofe  infifting  upon  a  ^<?/f. Charles  I. 
ration  was  reckon'd  the  Inlet  to  all  the  reft.  C^S^ 

The  moft  furious  Writer  againft  the  Se(5laries  wasEj^ardsT* 
Mr.  'Thomas  Edwards,  Minifter  of  Chrijl  Church,  Lon- Czngxx', 
don,  a  zealous  Prefbyterian,  who  became  remarkablena. 
by  a  Book  entitled,  Gangrcena,  or,  a  Catalogue  of 
many  of  the  Errors,  Herefies,  Blafphemies,  and  per- 
nicious Practices  of  this  Time  :    In  the  Epiftle  Dedi- 
catory he  calls  upon  the  higher  Powers  to  rain  down  all 
their  Vengeance  upon  thefe  deluded  People,  in  the 
following  Language  •,    *'  You  have   done  worthily 
«'  againlt  Papifts,    Prelates,    and  fcandalous   Mini- 
**  fters,  in  cafting  down  Images,  Altars,  Crucifixes, 
"  throwing  out  Ceremonies,  ^c.  but  what  have  you 
"  done  Cfays  hej  againft  Herefy,  Schifm,  Diforder, 
**  againft  Seekers,  Anabaptijls,  Antino7nians,  Brownijls^ 
"  Libertines,    and  other  Sedls;    you  have  made  a 
«'  Reformation,  but  with  the  Reformation  have  we 
««  not  worfe  Things  come  upon  us  than  we  had  be- 
"  fore,  as  denying  the  Scriptures,  pleading  for  To- 
*'  leration  of  all  Religions  and  Worships  -,  yea,  for 
"  Blafphemy,    and  denying  there  is  a  God.     You 
«'  have  put  down  the  Common  Prayer,  and  there  are 
*'  many  among  us  that  are  for  putting  down  the 
<'  Scriptures,     You  have  broke  down  the  Images  of 
«  the  Trinity,  and  we  have  thofe  who  oppofe  the 
«<  Trinity,    You  have  eaft  out  Bifhops  and  their  Offi- 
*«  cers,  and  we  have  many  that  caft  down  to  the 
"  Ground  all  Minifters.    You  have  caft  out  Ceremo- 
•'  nies  in  the  Sacraments,  as  the  Crofs,  Kneeling  at 
«  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  many  caft  out  the  Sacra- 
"  ments  themfelves.     You  have   put   down    Saints 
'«  Days,  and  many  make  nothing  of  the  Lord*s  Day. 
*'  You  have  taken  away  the  fuperfluous  Maintenance 
"  of  Biftiops.and  Deans,  and  we  have  many  that  cry 
*'  down  the  necefTary  Maintenance  of  Minifters.     In 
"  the  Bifhops  Days  we  had  finging  of  Pfalms  taken 
**  away  in  fome  Places,  conceived  Prayer,  Preach- 

"  ing, 


368  ne  HISTORY         Vol. lit 

Ki»g    "  ing,  and  in  their  room  Anthems,  dinted  Formfe, 
Charles  I.«  and  Reading  brought  in,  and  now  Jinging  of  Pfalms  is 
ll^lj "  fpoken  againft,  publick  Prayer  qugftm*d,  and  all  mi- 


>^^V^.. 


Jtifterial  Preaching  denied.  In  the  Bifhops  Time 
**  Popifh  Innovations  were  introduced,  as  Bowing  at 
*'  Altars,  ^c.  and  now  we  have  Anointing  the  Sick 
•*  with  Oil ;  then  we  had  bifhoping  of  Children, 
**  now  we  have  bifhoping  of  Men  and  Women,  by 
•'  laying  on  of  Hands,  In  the  Bifliops  Days  we  had 
"  the  Fourth  Commandment  taken  away,  and  now 
•*  all  Ten  are  taken  away  by  iht  Antinomians.  The 
"  worft  of  the  Prelates  held  many  found  Do6lrines, 
"  and  had  many  commendable  Practices,  but  many 
•'  of  our  Sedlaries  deny  all  Principles  of  Religio^j 
*«  are  Enemies  to  all  holy  Duties,  Order,  Learning, 
"  overthrowing  all,  being  whirligig  Spirits,  and  the 
•*  great  Opinion  of  an  univerfal  Toleration  tends  to  the 
**  Laying  all  wafte^  and  Dijfoluticn  of  all  Religion^  and 
*'  good  Manners.  Now  (fays  our  AuthorJ  a  Conni- 
•*  Vance,  and  fuffering  without  Punifliment,  fuch 
*'  falfe  Dodrines  and  Diforders,  provokes  God  to 
•'  fend  Judgments.  A  Toleration  doth  eclipfe  the 
**  Glory  of  the  moft  excellent  Reformation,  and 
*'  makes  thefe  Sins  to  be  the  Sins  of  the  Legiflatuf  e 
*'  that  countenances  them.  A  Magi/irate  Jhould  ufe 
*'  coercive  Power  to  piinifh  and  fupprefs  Evils y  as  ap- 
*«  pears  from  the  Example  of  £/)'.  Now,  right  Ho- 
*'  nourable,  though  you  don*t  own  thefe  Herelies, 
**  but  have  put  out  feveral  Orders  againft  them,  yet ' 
"  there  is  a  flrange  unheard  of  fuffering  of  them, 
*'  fuch  an  one  as  >there  hardly  ever  was  the  like,  un- 
*'  der  any  orthodox  Chrlftian  Magiftrate  and  State. 
*'  Many  Sectaries  are  countenanced,  and  employed 
"  in  Places  of  Trufl  ;  there  has  not  been  any  Exem- 
"  plary  Reflraint  of  the  Sedaries,  by  virtue  of  any 
*^  of  your  Ordinances,  but  they  are  flighted  and 
*«  fcorned  ;  Preaching  of  Lay-Men  was  never  more 
*'  in  requeft'  than  fince  your  Ordinance  againfl:  it ; 
*'  Prelbycerial  Government  never  more  preached  and 

"  printed 


Chap.  VII.     of  the  VuRiTAi^s:  369 

**  printed  againfl:  than  fince  it  was  eftablifhed.     Our     Kinfr 
"  dear  Brethren  of  5r^//^«^  ftand  amazed,   and  are  Charles  I. 
"  aftoniHied  at  thefe  Things  ;  the  orthodox  Minifters  <L^ 
"  and  People  both  in  City  and  Country  are  grieved 
*'  and  difcouraged,  and  the  common  Enemy  Icorns 
*'  and   blafphemes  ;    it  is  high   Time    therefore  for 
"  your  Honours  to  fufferno  longer  thefe  Seels  and 
*'  Schifms,  but  to  do  fomething  worthy  of  a  Parlia- 
*'  mencagainll  them,  and  God  will  be  with  you.'* 

Afcer  this  Dedication  there  are  one  Hundred  and 
feventy  fix  erroneous  Paflages  colleded  from  fundry 
Pamphlets  printed  about  this  Time,  and  from  the 
Reports  of  Friends  in  all  Parts  of  the  Kingdom,  to 
rfBvhom  he  fent  for  Materials  to  fill  up  his  Book  j 
however,  the  Herefies  are  at  length  reduced  under 
fixceen  general  Heads. 


I. 

IndependantSy 

9- 

Enthufiajh^ 

2. 

Bro'wniJIsy 

10. 

Seekers^ 

3' 

Millenaries, 

II. 

Perfemjls, 

4- 

Antiiiomiaus^ 

12. 

Socinians, 

5- 

AnabaptiJ}Si 

^3- 

Aricws, 

6. 

ArminianSy 

14. 

Antitrinitarians^ 

7- 

Libertifies^ 

15. 

Antifcnpiurijh, 

^. 

Familijis, 

16, 

Seep  licks. 

The  induftrious  Writer  might  have  enlarged  his 
Catalogue  with  PapijJs  aad  Prelates,  Dcijls,  Ranters^ 
Bebemmijls,  &c.  &:c.  or,  if  he  had  plea  fed,  a  lefs  Num- 
ber might  have  ferved  his  Turn,  for  very  few  of 
thefe  Secftarits  were  collected  into  Societies  ;  but  his 
Bufihefs  was  ro  blacken  the  Adverfaries  of  Prtfbytc- 
ri.m  Uniformity,  chat  the  Parliament  might  crufh 
them  by  fanguinary  Method.^.  Among  his  Herefies 
there  are  fome  that  do  not  deferve  ihac  Name  j  and 
among  his  Errors,  fome  that  never  grew  into  a  Scdt, 
bur  fell  occafionally  from  the  Pen  or  Lips  of  fome 
Wild  Enrhufialt,  and  died  with  the  Author.     The  In- 

YoL.in.  B  b  dependants 


37^  T/&^  HISTORY         Vol.III. 

rh^f'^    '^'^/^^^^^w/;  are  put  at  the  Head  of  the  Sectaries,  be- 
^^^^^    'caufe  they  were  for  Toleration  of  all  Chrijlians  who 
sy\^  agreed  in  the  Fundamentals  of  Religion  ;   to  prove  this, 
which    they  never  denied,  he  has  collefted  feverai 
Paflages  out  of  their  publick  Prayers  •,  one  Indepen- 
p.  40.       ^ant  Minifter  (fays  he)  prayed  that  Prefbytery  might 
be  removed,  and  the  Kingdom  of  Chrift  fet  up  j  ano- 
ther prayed  two  or  three  Times,  That  the  Parliajnent 
might  give  Liberty  to  tender  Confciences ;  another  thank- 
ed God  for  the  Liberty  of  Confcience  granted  in  Ame- 
rica •,    and  faid,  Why^  Lord,  not  in  England  ?  Ano- 
ther prayed,  fince  God  had  delivered  both  Prefbyteri- 
ans  a?id  Independants/rw/^  Prelatical  Bondage,  that  the 
former  might  not  be  guilty  of  bringing  their  Brethren  into 
Bondage.     The  Reader  will  judge  of  the  Spirit  of  this 
Writer,  by  the  foregoing  Specimen  of  his  Perform- 
ance,   which  I  fliould  not  have  thought  worth  re- 
membring,  if  our  Church- Writers  had  not  reported 
the  State  of  Religion  from  his  Writings.     "  I  knew 
Apppal,     ct  jyjj-^  Edwards  very  well  (fays  Fuller)  my  Cotem- 
^'  ^  *      "  porary  in  ^ceen^s  College,  who  often  was  tranfport- 
"  ed   beyond  due  Bounds    with   the    Keennefs    and 
*'  Eagernefs  of  his   Spirit,   and   therefore  I  have  jufi 
*'  Caufe  in  fo?ne  Things  to  fuJpeo2  him."*     Pie  adds  far- 
ther, "  I  am  moft  credibly  informed  by  fuch,  who 
"  I  am  confident  will  not  abufe  me  and  Pofterity 
"therein,  that  Mr.  Herbert  Palmer    (an  Anti-Inde- 
**  pendant  to  the  Height)  being  convinced  that  Mr. 
*«  Edzvards  had  printed  fome  Ealflioods  in  one  Sheet 
"of  his  Gangrana,  proffer'd  to  have  the  Sheet  reprint- 
"  ed   at  his  own  Charge,  but   fome  Accident  ob- 
*'  ftruded  ir."     However,  our  Author  went  on  pub- 
lifhing  a  fecond  and  third  Gangrccna,  full   of  moft 
bitter  Invedives  and  Reproaches,  till  his  own  Friends 
were  naufeated  with  his  Performances, 
j^rr.  Bax-       yijg  Reverend  Mr.  Baxter^  who  attended  the  Con- 
tcrs  Ac-  f,ygj.jpo.  y\rmy,  mentions  the  Tndcpendants,  Anabap- 
them.       t^P^  ^"^^  Aniuioiniaus^  as  the  chic-r  bepara.cilt?,  to  whom 

he 


Cliap.  Vir.     of  tk  PuRiTAr!:^]  ^Jt 

he  adds  fome  other  Names,  as  Seekers^  Ranters,  Be-     King 
hemcnifts,  Vanijh,  all  which  died  in  their  Infancy,  orCharics  U 
cemented  in  the   People  afterwards  known  by   ^^^^^l^^lj 
Name  of  Quakers  ;    but  when   he  wenc  inro  the      ^'^' 
Army  he  found   "  almoft  one  half  of  the  religiousBaxtcr'a 
*'   Party  among  them  Orthodox,  or  but  very  li<^hcly  I-'fc, 
*'  touch*d  with  the  above-mentioned  Miftakes,  anJl'*  ^3* 
*«  almoft  another  half  honeft  Men,  that  had  fteppM 
*'  further  into  the  contending  Way  than  they  ought, 
**  but  with  a  little  Help  might  be  recovered  i  a  few 
*'  fi^r'j,  fdf-conceitcd  Afen  among  them,  kin  did  d  the  reji^ 
"  and  made  all  the  Noife  and  Buftle  ;  for  the  greateft 
*'  Part  of  the  common  Soldiers  were  ignoraftt  Men, 
**  and  of  little  Religion  ;  thefe  would  do  any  Thing 
*'  to  ple.ife  their  OfKcers,  and  were  Inftrutr.ents  for 
*'  the  Seducers  in   their  great  Work,  which  was  to 
'*  cry  down  the  Covenant^  to  vilify  Parifli  Miniftersj 
*'  and    efpecially    the  Scots    and   the  Prejl>yterians.*' 
Mr,  Baxter  obftrves,  that  "  thefe  fiery  hot  Men  were 
*'   hatch'd  among  the  old  Separatijls  \  that  they  were 
*'   fierce  with  Pride  and  Conceit^  and  Uncharitable- 
*'  nefs,   but  many  of  the  honefl  Soldiers,  who  were 
**  only   tainted  with  fome  Doubts  about  Liberty  of 
*'  ConfciencCy   and  Indej^endency,  v.'ould  dif^ourfe  of  the 
*'  Points  of  Sancflification  and  Chriftian  Experience 
*'  very    favourily  *,     the    Seducers   above-meniicned 
**  were  great  Preachers,  and  fierce  Difputants,   but 
«'  of  no   fettled  Principles  of  Religion  •,  fome  were 
*'  of  levelling  Principles   as   to  the  State,    but  all 
•'  were  agreed,  that  the  Civil  Magi(lrate  had  nothing 
*'  to  do  in  Matters  of  Religion,  any  further  than  to  keep 
*'  the  Peace,  and  prote^  the  Churches  Liberties.**     The 
fame  Writer  adds,  *'  To  fpeak  impartially,  fome  of 
*'   the  Piefbyterian  Minifters  frighten'd  the  Sectaries 
*'•  into  this  Fury,   by  the  Unpeaceablenefs  a'nd  Im- 
*'  patience  of  their  Minds  ;  they  ran  ffom  Liberti- 
*'   nifni   into  the  other   Extrcam,  and  were  fo  little 
**  fenfible  of  their  own  Infirmity,  that  they  would 

B  b  2  *'  njc 


372  r>6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  lit 

King    «  not  have  them  tolerated,  who  were,  not  only  to- 
Charles  1.4*  Jerable,  but  worthy  Inftruments  and  Members  in 
y„)"^^  "  the  Churches.'*     Lord  Clarendon  fays,  that  Crom- 
LotdCiz-  WELL  and  his  Officers  preached  and  prayed  publickly 
rcadon'j.  to  their  Troops,  and  admitted  few  or  no  Chaplains 
in  the  Army  but  fuch  as  bitterly  inveighed  againft 
the  Prefbyterian  Government  as  more  Tyrannical  than 
Epifcopacy  •,  and  that  the  comm.on  Soldiers  as  well 
as  the  Officers,  did  not  only  pray  and  preach  among, 
themfelves,    but  went    up  into    the   Pulpits    in    all 
Churches,  and  preached  to  the  People,  who  quickly 
became  infpired  with  the  fame  Spirit;  Women  as 
well  as  Men  taking  upon  them  to  j^ray  and  preach  v 
which  made  as  great  a  Noife  and  Confufion  in  all 
Opinions   concerning  Religion,  as  there  v/as  in  the 
Civil  Government  of  the  State. 
B;.  Biam-     Bifliop  Bramhal^  in  one  of  his  Letters  to  Arch- 
hsXofthe  bifliop  U/Jjcr  writes,  that  **  the  Papifts  took  Advan- 
„  V  ■'*     "  ta2.e  of  thefe  Confufions,  and  fent  over  above  one 
life  of      "^  Hundred  of  their  Clergy,  that  had  been  educated 
Ufher,      '*  in  France ^  Ilaly  and  Spain,  by  Order  from  Rome, 
p.6ii.      "  In  thefe  Nurferies  the  Scholars  were  laught  feve- 
"  ral  Handicraft  Trades  and  Callings,  according  ro 
*'  their  Ingenuities,    befides  their  Fundions  in  the 
*'  Church  5    they  have  many  yet  at  Paris  (fays  the 
*'  Blfhopj  fitting  up  ro  be  fent  over,  who  twice  in 
the  Week  oppofe  one  ihe  other  ;  one  pretending. 
Prefbytery,  the  other  Independency,  fome  Ana- 
baptifm,   and  others  contrary  Tenets.     The  Hun- 
*'  dred  that  went  over  this  Year  (according  to  the 
'*  Bilhop)  were  moft  of  them  Soldiers  in  the  Parlia-- 
Hfe,        "  ment  Army."     But  Mr.  Baxter,  after  a  m.oft  dili- 
p.  78.       ggpt  Enquiry  declares,  that  he  could  not  find  them 
out ;    which  renders   the  Bifhop's  Account  fufpedt- 
♦'  ed.     The  moft  that  I   could  fafpeft  for  Papifts 
"  among  Cromwell's  Soldiers  (fays  he)    were  but  a 
•«-  few  that  began  as  Strangers  among  the  common 
**  Sold.crE,.  and  by  degrees  rofe  up  to  fome  inferior 

*'  Officers, 


Chap.  VII.     of  tbe  Pu  RiT  Au  5,  373 

*^  Officers,  but  none  of  the  fuperior  Officers  feemed     k/"? 
*'  fuch.'*     The  Body  of  the  Army  had  a  vafl.  Aver-^^^^'^^^  ^• 
fion  ro  the  Papifts,  and  the  Parliament  took  all  Oc-,^^"t;i^ 
cafion  of  treating   them  with   Rigor;  for  June  30. 
Morgan  a  Pritjl  was  drawn,  hanged   and  quartered, 
for  going  out  of  the  Kingdom  to  receive  Oiders  from 
Rome^    and  then  returning  again.     But   without  all 
queftion,  both  Church  and  State  were  in  the  utmoft 
Diforder  and  Confufion  at  the  Clofe  of  this  Year. 

Among  the  great  Men  of  the  Parliament's  S\6t^^^*^ 'f 
that  died  about  this  Time,  was  Robert  D^Evereux^^-'^-^^'^^^' 
Earl  oiEjJlx^  Son  of  the  famous  Favourite  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  ;  he  was  educated  ro  Arms  in  the  Netherlands^ 
and  afterwards  ferved  the  King  and  Queen  of  Bobe??iia 
for  the  Recovery  of  the  Palatinate.  King  Charles  I. 
made  him  Lieutenant  of  his  Army  in  his  Expedition 
againft  the  Scois^  and  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  Houfe- 
ho!d  i  but  the  Earl  being  unwilling  to  go  into  the  ar- 
bitrary Meafures  of  the  Court  in  favour  of  Popery 
and  Slavery  took  part  with  the  Parliament,  and  ac- 
cepted of  the  Commifllon  of  Captain  General  of  their 
Forces,  for  which  the  King  proclaimed  him  a  Tray- 
tor.  He  was  a  Perfon  of  great  Honour,  and  ferved 
the  Parliament  with  Fidelity  ;  but  being  of  Opinion, 
that  the  War  (hould  be  ended  rather  by  Treaty  than 
Conqueft,  did  not  always  piifli  his  SuccefTes  as  hr  as 
he  might.  Upon  the  new  Modelling  the  A,rmy  thcLiu^Iow, 
cautious  General  was  difmif^ed  with  an  honourable P-  ^^^'  « 
Penfion  for  his  paft  Services  *,  after  which  he  retired 
to  his  Houfe  at  Eltham  in  Ketit,  where  he  died  of  a 
Lethargy,  occafioned  by  over-heating  himfdf  in  the 
Chace  of  a  Stag  in  M^indfor  Forefl,  Sept.  14.  1646. 
in  the  Fifty  fifth  Year  of  his  Age  :  He  was  bu- 
ried with  great  Funeral  Solemnity  in  lyeflminjlcr 
j^bbey,  Oufob.  22.  at  the  publick  Expence,  both 
Houfes  of  Parliament  attending  the  ProcefTion.  Hfs 
^ffigies  was  afterwards  ere<n;ed  in  IFeJhmnjttf  Hctfly 
B  b  3  buc 


374 


ne  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


Ktf^s  but  fome  of  the  King's  Party  found  Means  in  the 
ChadesL-jvjjgj^^  to  ciit  otF  the  Head,  and  break  the  Sword, 
^^_^„./!l^  Arms  and  Efcutcheons.  Mr.  Vines  preached  his  Fu- 
neral Sermon,  and  gave  him  a  very  high  Encomium, 
but  Lord  Clarendov,  has  ftained  his  Character  for  ta- 
king Part  v/ith  the  Parliament,  which,  he  fays,  was 
owing  to  his  Pride  and  Vanity.  The  Ea»"]'s  Counte- 
nance appeared  flern  and  folemn,  but  to  his  familiar 
Acquaintance  his  Behaviour  was  mild  and  aflable. 
Upon  the  Whole^  he  was  a  truly  great  and  excellenc 
Perfon  ;.his  Death  was  an  unlpeakable  Lofs  to  the 
King,  for  he  was  the  only  Nobleman,  perhaps,  in 
the  Kingdom,  who  had  Intereft  enough  with  both  Par- 
ties to  have  put  an  End  to  the  Civil  War  at  the  ve- 
ry Time  when  Providence  called  him  out  of  the 
World. 


Among  the  remarkable  Divines  may  be  reckoned 

the  Reverend  and  Learned  Mr.  Tho?ncis  Colman,  Re- 
(flor  of  St.  Feter\  Church  in  Cornhill  \  he  was  born  at 
Cxford^  and  enter'd  in  Magdalen  College  .in  the  Seven- 
teenth Year  of  his  Age  ;  he  afterwards  became  fo 
peifecl  a  Mailer  of  the  Hebrew  Lancruase,  that  he 
wa 


puage, 
commonly  called  Rabby  Cohnan.  In  the  Begin- 
ning of  the  Civil  War  he  left  his  Redory  of  Bl^to]^ 
in  Lincolnjhire^  being  perfecuted  from  thence  by  the 
Cavaliers,  Upon  his  coming  io  London  he  was  prer 
ferrM  to  the  Rcdory  of  St.  Peterh  Cornhill^  and  made 
one  of  the  AiTembly  of  Divines.  Mr.  IVood  lays,  he 
behaved  m.odeftly  and  learnedly  in  the  Allembly  ;and 
Mr.  Fz///^^  gives  him  the  Character  of  a  Modeft  and 
Learned  Divine  ;  he  was  equally  an  Enemy  to  Pref- 
bytery  and  Prelacy,  being  of  Erajlian  Principles  ;  he 
fell  fick  when  the  Allembly  was  debating  the  Jus 
Jpiviuum  of  Prefbytery  •,  and  when  they  fent  fome  of 
their  Members  to  vifit  him,  he  defired  they  would 
pot  come  toanabfolute  Determination  till  they  heard 
\fj\viL  he  had  to  offer  upon  the  Queftion  5  but  his  Di- 

ilemper 


Chap.  VII;    of  tbe  V\J  R  IT  AN  s]  375 

flemper  encreafing  he  died  in  a  few  Days,  and  the     ^'^S 
whole  AfTembly  did  him  the  Honour  to  attend  his^  ^"'''^^  * 
Funeral  in  a  Body  March  30.  1646.  v^Y"^ 

About  the  Middle  of'July  died  the  Learned  Do6tor  De^tti-  of 
JPilliam  Tiv'ip,  Vicar  of  Newbury,  and  Prolocutor  otDr.Twifrc, 
the  Adembly  of  Divines ;  he  was  born  zt  Speenbam^^^^^' 
Land,  near  Newbury  in  BerkJJoire -,  his  Father  was  a^-^^^"' 
fubftantial  Clothier  in  that  Town,  and  educated  his 
Son  at  J^^incbejler  School,  from  whence  he  was  tran- 
flated  to  Neuu  College  in  Oxford,  of  which  he  was  Fel~ 
lo-w  :  Here  he  applied  himfelf  to  the  Study  of  Divini- 
ty with  the  clofcft  Application,    for  Sixteen  Years 
together.     In  the  Year  1604.  he  proceeded  Majler  ot 
Arts ;  about  the  fame  Time  he  entered  into  holy  Or- 
ders, and  became  a  diligent  and  frequent  Preacher  ; 
he  was  admired  by  theUniverfity  for  his  fubtle  Wit, 
exadl  Judgment,   exemplary  Life  and  Converfation, 
and  all  other  valuable  Qualities  that  became  a  Man 
of  his  Function.     In  the  Year  1614.  he  proceeded 
Dodor  of  Divinity,    after   which  he   travelTd   into 
Germany,  and  became  Chaplain  to  the  Princefs  Pala- 
tine, Daughter  of  King  7^;;2^j  I.     After  his  Return  to 
England  he  was  made  Vicar  of  Newbury,  where  he 
gamed  a  vaft  Reputation  by  his  ufeful  Preaching  and 
exemplary  Life.     His  moft  learned  Adverfaries  have 
confefifed,  that  there  was  nothing  then  extant,  more 
exacb,  accurate  and  full,  touching  the  Arminian  Con- 
troverfy,    than  what  he  publifhed ;    nor   have   any 
written   upon   this  Argument  fmce    the   publiOiing 
Dr.  Iwijfe'%  Works,    but  have  made  an  honourable 
Mention  of  him.     The  Do6tor  was  offered  the  Pre- 
bend of  Winchefler,  and  feveral  Preferments  in  the 
Church  of  England  ;  the  States  of  Friefland  invited 
him  to  the  Profefforfhip  of  Divinity  in  their  Univer- 
fity  of  Franeker,  but  he  refuted  all.     In  the  Beginning 
of  the  Civil  War  he  was  forced  from  his  Living  at 
Newbury  by  the  Cavaliers,  and  upon  calling  together 
the  AfTembly  of  Divines,    was  appointed  by   Par- 
B  b  4  liamenc 


37^  rz^^  HISTORY      Vpi.nr. 

King  Jianient  their  Pro/(9«//(?r,  in  which  Place  he  continui^d 
^^"^"  ^"to  hfs  Death,  which  happen'd  after  a  lingering  Indif- 
sj^f^  poficion,  about  the  20th  of  July,  1646.  in  the  Seven- 
^  ty  firft  Year  of  his  Age.     He  died  in  very  neceflitous 

Circumftances,  having  Iqft  all  that  he  had  by  the 
King's  Soldiers,  infomuth,  that  when  feme  of  the 
Affembly  were  deputed  to  vifit  him  in  his  Sicknefs, 
they  reported,  that  he  was  very  Sid,  and  in  great 
Straits.  He  was  allowed  to  be  a  Perfon  of  prodigious 
Knowledge  in  School  Divinity  ;  a  fubtle  Difputanr, 
and  withal,  a  modeft,  humble,  and  religious  Perfon. 
He  was  buried,  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Affembly,  in 
the  Collegiate  Church  of  St.  Peter*s  Wepninjier^  near 
the  upper  End  of  the  poor  Folks  Table,  next  the  Ve- 
ilry,  July  24.  and  was  attended  by  the  whole  Affem- 
bly in  a  Body  :  There  his  Body  refted  till  the  Rcfto- 
—-  ration  of  King  Charles  II.  when  his  Bones  were  dug  up 

by  Order  of  Council,  Sept.  14.  1661.  and  thrown, 
with  feveral  others,  into  a  Hole  in  the  Church-Yard 
of  St.  Margaret^ Sy  before  the  Back- Door  of  the  Lodg- 
ings of  one  of  the  Prebendaries. 
Death  of  Towards  the  End  of  the  Year  died  the  Reverend 
Mr.  Jer.  ^^^  Pious  Mr.  Jeremiah  Burrouqlos  ;  he  was  educated 
rou'<''hs.  ^'"  Cambridge,  but  obliged  to  quit  the  Univerfity  and 
**  Kingdom  for  Non-Conformity  in  the  late  Times. 
Upon  his  leaving  England  he  became  Minifter  of  ah 
Engli/h  Congregation  at  Rotterdam,  with  which  he 
continued  tiir  the  Year  1642.  when  he  returned  to 
England,  and  became  Preacher  to  two  of  the  largeft 
and  moll  numerous  Congregations  about  London 
(v]z.)  Stepney  znd' Cripplegate.  He  was  one  pf  the 
IDiffenfing  Brethren  in  the  Affembly,  but  was  a  Di- 
vine of  great  Candor,  Modefty  and  Charity.  He 
never  'o;arhered  a  feparate  Congregation,  nor  ac- 
cepted bf  a  Parochial  Living,  but  wore  out  his 
Strength  in  continual  Preaching,  and  other  Services 
of  the  Church.  He  was  art  excellent  Scholar,  a  good 
pKporjtorj  and  moft  popular'  Preacher  s  he  writ  fc- 


646. 


Chap. VII.    tf  th  PuRiTANsI  ^j'j 

vcral  Treatifes  while  he  lived,  and  his  Friends  have    X/r^ 
publiflied  a  great  many  others  fince  his  Death,  which  Charles  r. 
have  met  with  a  general  Acceptance.     It  was  faid;    ^  "* 
the  Divifions  of  the  Times  broke  his  Heart,  becaufe 
one  of  the  laft  Subjefls  he  preached  upon,  and  print- 
ed, was  his  Iremcum^  or  Attempt  to  heal  Divifions 
among  Chriftians.     Mr.  Baxter  ufed  to  fay.  If  all  the 
Prefbyterians  had  been  like  Mr.  MarJJjall^  and  the 
Independants   like    Mr.  Burroughs^  their  Differences 
might  eafily  have  been  compromifed.     He  died  of  a 
confumptive  Illnefs  l^ov.  14.  1646.  about  the  Forty 
Tsventh  Year  of  his  Age, 


C  11  A  f . 


37?  r^^  HIS  TORY        Vol. Ill, 

CHAP.    VIII. 

Proceedings  of  the  AJfembly  upon  their  Co?ifeJJion 
of  Faith  and  Caiechifms.  Frovincial  Jljjem-- 
blies  of  London.  The  King  taken  out  of  the 
Parliament's  Ciiftody  and  conveyed  to  the  Army, 
Controverfy  between  the  Parlia?nent  and  Army, 
His  Majejiys  ConduB.  He  efcapesfrom  Hamp- 
ton-Court ^«^  is  confined  in  the  Ifle  of  Wight. 

Khg    r-j-iHE  Reverend  Mx.  Charles  Herie  took  PofTef- 
Charks  I.    j^     j^^q^  of  the  Prolocutor's  Chair  by  Order  of  Par- 
^LtZ,^  liament  July  22.   1646.  in  the  Room  of  the  late  Dr. 
Proceed-     'Tw'iJJe^    when   the  Difcipline  of  the  Church    being 
ingsofthe  pretty  well  fettled,    it  was  moved  to  finifh  their  Con- 
/jfembly^  JeJJlon  of  Faith.     ThtEngUJh  Divines  would  have  been 
*coV(non   ^°"^^"^  ^^^^  revifing  and-scxplaining  the  Thirty  nine 
sjiahh.    Articles  oT  fhe  Church  of  £;7^/rt«^,  but  the  ^cols  in- 
fifted  on  a  Syftem  of  their  oWn  ;  a  Committee  was 
therefore  appointed  to  prepare  Materials  for  this  Pur- 
pofe  May  g.  1645  ;  their  N"ames  were  Dr.  GougSy 
Dr.  Hoyle^    Mr.  Herle^    Gataker^    ^uckneyy    Reynolds y 
and  ^f«^j,'  with  the  Scots  Divines,  who  having  firfb 
fettled  the  ^iUes  of  the  leveral  Chapters,  as  they  now 
iland,  in  their  ConfefTion  of  Faith,  in  Number  Thir- 
ty two,    diftributed   them  for   greater  Expedition, 
among  feverai  Sub-Com??2iitees^  which  fat  two  Days 
every  Week,  and  then  reported  what  they  had  finilh- 
ed  to  t\it  Committee,  an(J  fi^  tp  the  AlTembly,  where 
it  was  debated  Paragraph.,  by  Paragraph.     The  Di- 
fputes  about  Difcipl'me  occafioned  fo  many  Interrup- 
tions that  it  was  a  Year  and  Half  before  this  Work 
was  finifhed,  for  Nov.  26.  1646.  the  Prolocutor  re- 
turned Thanks  to  the    feverai  Committees,   in  the 
Name  of  the  Aflembly,  for  their  great  Pains  in  per- 
fefting  the  Work  committed  to  them.     At  the  fame 
Time  Dr.  Burgcs  v/as  appoinced  to  get  it  tranfcribed, 

in 


Chap. VIII.   o/' ^/7^  Fur  I  TANS.'  -  379 

in  order  to  its  being  prcfented  to  Parliament,  which     Kmg 
was  done  Dec.  11.  by  the  whole  Afl'embly  in  a  Body,^^"'"  ^« 
under  the  Title  of,  fbe  bumble  Advice  of  the  yljjemhly  v^1i> 
of  Divines,  and  others,  wow,  b-j  Authority  of  Parliament,  rKeypre- 
flting  at  Weftminfter,  coficerning  a  Confession  oy feyit  it  to 
I-'aitfi.     The  Hoiife  of  Commons  having  voted  the'^^  Parlia- 
Allembly  Thanks,  defired  them  to  infert  the  Proofs""'"*' 
of  the  fcveral   Articles  in  their  proper  Place?,  and^^*^*  P'^"^* 
then  to  print  fix  Hundred  Copies,  and  no  more,  for 
the  Perufal  of  the  Houfes.     The  Reverend  Mr.  fVil- 
fou,    Mr.  Byfeld,    and  Mr.  Go-wer,  were  appointed, 
Jd)2.  6.  to  be  a  Committee  to  collect  the  Scriptures 
for  Confirmation  of  the  fcveral  Articles ;  all  which 
being  examined  by  the  AfTembly  were  inferted  in  the 
Margin.     After  this  the  whole  Confejfwn  was  com- 
mitted once  more   to   a  Review  of  the  three  Com- 
mittees, who  made  Report  to  the  AfTembly  of  fuch 
further  Amendments    as    they    thought    neceflary  ; 
which  being  agreed  to  by  the  Houfe  it  was  fent  to 
the  Prefs.     May  11.  1647.  Mr.  Byfeld,  by  Appoint- R"fii^; 
ment  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  delivered  to  thef,"^!^' 
Members  the  printed  Copies  of  their  Co/fejfon  ^•^^^^'^p./si*. 
with  Scripture  JSoies,  figned 

Charles  Herle,  Prolocutor^ 

Corn.  Burges,  XaIT'IT 

Hep-BErt  Palmer,     5  -^'^^    * 

Henry  Roeorough,  ?  p    .7 
.  „  e-  ocribes^ 

Adoniram  Byfield,  S 

And  becaufe  no  more  were  to  be  given  out  at  pre- 
fent,  every  Member  fubfcribeJ  his  Name  to  the 
Receipt  thereof. 

The  Houfe  of  Commons  began  their  Examination  Dp/"*.?/?/  of 
of  this  Confefllon  May  19.  when  they  pafled  through ''^'^  ^°'^' 
the  whole  firft  Chapter  Article  by  Article,  but  the^^'"""' ^^"^ 
Difturbances  that  arofe  between  the  Parliament  and 
Army  interrupted  their  Progrefs  for  the  whole  Sum- 
fiier )  b^^c  when  thefe  were  .cjuieicd  they  returnea  to 

their 


3Bo  r/j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol. III. 

King    their  Work,  and  OMer  2.  ordered  a  Chapter  of  the 
Charles  IConfeflion  of  Faith  at  Jeaft  to  be  debated  every  i^ed- 
5^^^^  nefday  till  the  whole  was  finiflied,  by  which  Means 
they  got  through  the  whole  before  the  End  of  March 
Rufhw.    following  ;  for  at  a  Conference  with  the  Houfe  of 
If.  1035-    Lords  March  22.  164I.  the  Commons  prefented  them 
with  the  Confejfwn  of  Faith  as  paffed  by  their  Houfe, 
with  fome  Alterations :  They  agreed  with  the  Aflem- 
bly  in  the  Doftrinal  Pare  of  the  Confeflion,  and  or- 
dered it  to  be  publifhed,  June  20.  1648.  for  the  Sa^ 
tisfa<^ion  of  the  foreign  Churches,  under  the  Title  of, 
Articles  of  Religion  approved  and  pajfed  by  both  Houfes  of 
Parliament^  after  Advice  had  with  an  AJfembly  of  Di- 
^jirikles  of  mnes  called  together  by  them  for  that  Purpofe,     The  Par- 
Difcipline  liameni  not  thinking  it  proper  to  call  it  a  Confejfwn  of 
rejetied.     p^^ij^  bccaufc  the  Sedions  did  not  begin  with   the 
(inn'ref  Words  /  confefs ;  nor  to  annex  Matters  or  Church  Go- 
p.  18,  ip.vernment,  about  which  they  were  not  agreed,  to  D^- 
<5?m<3/^r/2V/^j  5  thofe  Chapters  therefore,  which  relate 
CO  Difcipline,  as  they  now  ftand  in  the  AfTembly's  Con- 
fefiion,  were  not  printed  by  Order  of  the  Houfe,  but 
re-committed,    and  at  laft  laid  afide,  as  the  whole 
Thirtieth  Chapter,    Of  Church  Cenfures,    and  of  the 
Power  of  the  Keys.     The   Thirty  firft   Chapter,   Of 
Synods  and  Councils^  by  whom  to  be  called^  and  of  what 
Force  in  their  Decrees  and    Determinations.     A   great 
Part  of  the  Twenty   fourth  Chapter,  Of  Marriage 
and  Divorce^  which  they  referr'd  to  the  Laws  of  the 
Land.     And    the    fourth  Paragraph  of  the  Twen- 
tieth Chapter,    which  determines  what  Opinions  and 
Parties  dijturb  the  Peace  of  the  Churchy  and  hozv  fuch 
Dijlurbers  oti^A  to  be  proceeded  againft  by  the  Cenfures  of 
But  tU     f^g  Churchy  andpuniflfd  by  the  Civil  Magijirqte.  Thefe 
'^■'t^r"  Propofitions,  in  which  the  very  Life  and  Soul  of  Pref- 
ihsScois    bytery  confifts,   never  pad  the  EngliJ}j   Parliamenr, 
'jjfeynhly    nor  had  the  Sanftion  of  a  Law  in  this  Country  :  But 
and  Par-    {hg  whole  Confcflion,  as  it  came  from  the  Allembly, 
itament.     |-,gjpg  j-gpf  \^^q  Scotland,  was  immediately  approv'd 
Co^/pref  ^y  ^^^  General  Afletvibly  and  Parliament  of  tha^ 

p.  io. 


|Cing« 


Chap.  VIII.  of  the  Puritans:  3?2 

Kingdom,  as  the  eftablifhed  Dodrine  and  Difcipline     King 
of  their  Kirk  ;  and  thus  it  has  been  publifhed  to  the^^^*"'"  ^* 
World  ever  fince,  though  the  Chapters  above-men-  vJ-n!^ 
tioned,  relating  to  Dlfcipline  Cas  has  been  obfcrved)  ^ 

never  had  the  Sanation  of  either  Hoiife  of  the  Engli/h 
Parliament;  neverthelefs,  as  they  were  agreed  to  by 
an  Aflembly  of  £;/^/(/6  Divines,  I  have  given  them  a 
Place  in  the  Appendix.  jj^^"'^''^' 

Nor  is  it  to  be  fuppofed,  that  the  Confcjfwn  of  Faith 
it  [elf-t  which  determines  fo  many  abftrufe  Points  of 
Divinity,  (hould  have  the  unanimous  Affent  of  the 
whole  Aflembly  or  Parliament  \  for  though  all  the 
Divines  were  in  the  Anti- Arminian  Scheme,  yet  fomc 
had  a  greater  Latitude  than  others.     I  find  in  my  \ 

MS.  the  Diflient  of  feveral  Members  againft  fome 
ExprefHons  relating  to  Reprobation ^  to  the  Imputation 
of  the  a^ive  as  well  as  pa  [five  Obedience  of  Chriji^  and  to 
feveral  PaflTages  in  the  Chd-^itTS,  o^  Liberty  of  Confcience 
and  Church  Difcipline }  but  the  Confijfwn,  as  far  as  ic 
related  to  Articles  of  Faith,  paft  the  Aflembly  and  Par- 
liament by  a  very  great  Majority. 

Vairious  Cenfures  have  been  pafl*ed  by  learned  Mena^fures 
upon  this  labour'd  Performance  ;  feme  have  loaded  it^/''- 
with  undeferved  Reproaches ;  and  others,  perhaps,  have 
advanced  its  Reputation  a  little  too  high.     Mr.  Coilief 
condemns  ic,  for  determining  in  favour  of  the  Mora- 
lity of  the  Sabbath  -,  for  pronouncing  the  Pope  to  be 
Antichrifl:  ;    and,  for  maintaining  the  Cahinian  Ri-E.  Hlfr. 
gors  of  abfoh'.te  Predeftination^    irrefiftible  Grace,  andP'^4^* 
the  Impotenc-j  of  Man'' s  PFill ;  Dodfrines,  in  his  Opinion, 
inconfiftent  with  Chriftianity.     But  then  he  obferves, 
very  juflly,  that  ic  falls  very  fhort  of  the  Scots  Claim 
in  Points  of  Difcipline  ;    ic  yields  the  Magiffrate  a 
Power  of  crjnvening  Church  AfTemblief,  and  of  fu- 
perincending  their  Proceedings  ;  it  is  filtnt  as  to  the 
Independency  of  the  Church,  and  the  Divine  P  ight 
of  Prefbycery,^:?.;.  But  upon  che  whole,  the  AfPjmbiy's 
ConfefHon,   with  all    its  faults,   has  been  ranked  by 
very  good  Judges  among  the  mcfl  per  feci  Syflems  of 

Divinity, 


2^2  neUlSTORY         VoUH. 

Ktrig    Divinity,  that  have  been  publifhed  upon  the  Cahi- 
Charks  ^- nifiick  or  Anti-Arminian  Principles  in  the  laft  Age. 

l^Ji^      While  the  Confejfwn  was  carrying  through  the  Af- 
Memhly's  Tembiy,  Committees  were  appointed  to  reduce  it  in- 
Zargerandto  the  P'orm  of  Catechifms;  one  larger,  for  theSer- 
shcrter  Ca- ^jizt  of  a  publick  Expofition  in  the  Pulpit,  according. 
techijms.   ^^  j-Vjg  Cuftom  of  foreign  Churches ;  the  other  ftnaller^ 
^"^^-     for  the  Inftraflion  of  Children;  in  both  which  the 
1060/     Articles  relating  to  Church  Difcipline  are  omitted.     The 
Jarger  Catechifm  is  a  comprehenfiveSyftem  of  Divi- 
nity,  and  the  fmaller,    a  very  accurate  Summary, 
though  it  has  been  thought  by  fome  a  little  too  long, 
and  in  fome  Things  too  abftrufe  for  the  Capacities  of 
Children.     The  Shorter  Catechijm  was  prefented  to 
the  Houfe  of  Commons,  Nov.  g.  but  the  Larger,  by 
reafon  of  the  marginal  Proofs  from  Scripture,  which 
the  Houfesdefired  might  be  inferted,  was  not  ready 
till  the  14th  of  April,   164S.  when  the  Houfe  ordered 
fvx  Hundred  Copies  to  be  printed  for  the  Service  of 
the  Members  •,  and  having  examined  and  approved 
it,  they  allowed  it  to  be  printed  by  Authority,  for  pub- 
KiiChw.     lick  Ufe,  September  15.  1648.     The  King,  after  ma- 
g.  1516.    ny  Solicitations,  at  tlie  Treaty  of  the  JJIe  of  T-Fight,  of-- 
fer*d  to  licenfe  the  fhorter  Catechifm,   wiih  a  proper 
Preface-,  but  that  Treaty  proving  unfucccfsful  it  was 
not  accomplifbed. 
ScofsCow-     The  chief  Affliirs  committed  to  the  Affembly  be- 
m:fioners  jr^g  thus  finifhcd,  Mr.  Rutherford,    one  of  th«  Scots- 
takelcave  ]>,vines,  moved,  Oiiober  2j\..  1647.  that  it  might  be 
/  ^ n  "''  recorded  in  the  Scribes  Books,  th.ir  ^\\t  Aflem'oly  had 
enjoyed  the  AfTiftance  of  the  Honourable,   Reverend 
and  Lea;-ned  CommifTioners  of  the  Church  of'ScoU 
land,  during  all  the  Time  they  had  been  debating  and- 
perftfting  thefe  Four  Things  mentioned  iii  iheCove- 
jiant  (viz.)  Their  compofifig  a  Tjireolory  for  publick  IVor- 
Jljip.    An  uniform  Covfeifwn  of  Faith.    A  Form  nf  Church 
Government  and  Difcipime.     And  a  publick  Ca-tcchijm  v 
Some  of  their  Number  having  been  prefcnt  during 
the  whole  of  thefe  TrvinfiCtions  j  which  b:ing  donr, 

abo'Jt 


Chap. VIII.   of  fbe  FuRiTAui:  3^^ 

about  a  Week  after,  he  and  the  rcfl:  of  the  Commif-    Kin^ 

fioners  took  their  Leave  and  returned  home;  up- Shades  L 

on  which  OccaHon  Mr.  Herle  the  Prolocutor  role  up,  ^i^Ji^ 

and  in  theNameof  the  Aflembly,  *'  thank'd  the  Ho- ^""^^^ 

"  nourable  and   Reverend  Commiflioners,  for  their 

«'  AfTiftance  ;    he  excufed  in    the  bell  Manner   he 

"  could,  the  Direolory*s  not  being  fo  well  obferved  as 

"  it  ought  i  and  lamented,  "that  the  JJpfnbly  had  noc 

*'  Power  to  call  Offenders  to  an  Account  ;    he  con- 

"■  fcffes,  that  their  Affairs  were  very  much  embar- 

•*  rafs'd,  and  that  they  were  £1)11  in  a  Chaos  of  Con- 

*«  fufion;    [the  King  being  now   taken  out  of  the  , 

"  Hands  of  the  Parliament,  and  in  Cuftody  of  the 

"  Army]  he  takes  Notice  what  Diftreffes  the  Par- 

*'  liament  were  in,  while  the  common  Enemy  was 

*'  high  and  ftrong  *,  and  adds,  that  their  excraordina- 

"  ry  Succeffes  hitherto  were  owing  to  the  Prayers  of 

'*  their  Brethren  of  Scotland^  and  other  Proteftants 

'*  abroad,  as  well  as  to  their  own.     Pie  then  men- 

"  tions  with  Concern  fome  other  Reftraints  the  Af- 

"  fernbly  lay  under,  but  that  this  was  not  a  proper 

*'  Time  for  Redrefs." 

The  Commiflioners  went  home  under  a  very  greatr/d^^js-" 
Concern  for  the  Storm  that  was  gathering  in  England, P^'-""*  ^ 
and   for   the   Hardfhips  the   'Prcjljyterians   lay   under ^''■^j-^'"'*^* 
with  refpccl  to  their  Difcipline;  and  having  obtained^j/'Jj^£2' 
the   EftabliOiment  of  the  Dire5fory,  the  Confejfwn  cfhnA* 
Faith  and  Catechifm^,    the  PrfPytcrian  Difcipline^  and 
Roufe';  Pfalms   in   Mctre^     for  the  Service  of   their 
Kirk,    they   appointed   a   general   Fad,    to    hmtnc 
their  own  Defedidn  from  the  Solemn  League  and  Co- 
'veuant^  and  the  diftreffed  Condition  of  their  Brechrea 
in  England^    who  were  zealous  for  carrying  on   the 
Work  of  God,  buc  were  now  oppreffcd,  under  Pre- 
tence G^ Liberty,  when  no  lefs  was  aimed  at  than  Tv« 
ranny  and  arbitrary  Power. 

If  the  Parliament  had  dilTolved  the  AfTembiy  at: 
this  Time,  as  they  ought  to  have  done,  they  had 
gene  home  wiih  Honour  and  Repuucion,  iov  af:cr 

this 


384  ff /&^  fl  I S  T  O  R  Y         tot  III. 

KiKg  this  they  d!id  little  but  examine  Candidates  for  tfie 
Charles  I.  lyiiniftry,  and  difpute  upon  the  Queftions  of  the  7^^ 
^^1^  Bivinum  of  Prefbytery ;  the  grand  ConfuUations 
about  publick  Affairs,  and  pradliifing  upon  the  new 
Eftablifliment,  being  tranflated  to  the  Provincial 
Affemblies,  and  Weekly  Meetings  of  the  London 
Clergy  at  Sion  College  *. 

Rapirt,  *  That  the  Reader  may  form  a  Xudgment  of  what  tvai  intended 

Po  111*  to  be  eftablifhed  in  Englandy  it  may  not  be  improper  to  fct  before 
him  in  one  View,  the  Difcipline  that  was  then  fettled  in  the  Kirk 
of  Scotland,  and  fublifts  at  this  Time.  *'  In  Scotland  there  are  eighc 
**  Hundred  and  ninety  Parifiies,  each  of  which  is  divided,  in  Pro- 
"  portibn  to  its  Extent,  into  particular  Diftriifls,  and  every  Di- 
*'  ibii^  has  its  own  Ruling  Elders  and  Eftacons  ;  the  Ruling  El- 
"  ders  are  Men  of  the  principal  Quality  and  Intereft  in  the  Parifh,- 
"  and  the  Deacons  are  Perfons  of  a  good  Charader  for  Manners 
*'  and  Underfta-nding.  A  Confiftory  of  Minifters,  Elders,  and 
*'  Deacons,  is  called  a  Kirk  Scflion,  the  lowefi  Ecclefiaftical  Judi- 
**  catory,  which  meets  one  a  Week,  to  confider  the  Affairs  of  the 
**^  Parifh.  The  Minifter  is  always  Moderator,  but  without  a  Ne- 
*^  gative  ;  Appeals  lie  from  hence  co  their  own  Presbyceries,  which 
*'  are  the  next  higher  Judicatories.  Scotland  is  divided  into  Sixty 
**  nine  f'resbyteries,  each  confiding  cf  from  Twelve  to  Twenty  four 
*'  contiguous  Parifnes.  The  Miniiters  of  thefe  Parifhes,  with  One 
*'  Ruling  Elder,  chofcn  Half  Yearly  out  of  every  Kirk  SefTion, 
*'  compofe  a  Presbytery.  They  meet  in  the  Head  Toi::n  snd  chuie 
*'  their  Moderator,  who  mud  be  a  Miniller,  Half  Yearly  ;  from 
*'  hence  Appeals  lie  co  Provincial  Synods,  which  are  compofed  of 
*'  feveral  ad|acent  Presbyteries,  Tv,'o^  Three,  Four  to  Eight  ;' 
*'^  there  are  Fifreen  in  all.  The  Members  are  a  Minifler  and 
**'  a  Ruling  Elder  out  cf  every  Parifti.  Thefe  Synods  meet 
*'  twice  a  Year,  at  the  principal  Town  of  its  Bounds.  They 
'*  chufe  a  MoJeraror,  who  h  their  Prolocutor.  The  Afts  of  the 
"  Synods  are  fubjtft  to  the  Review  of  the  General  Alkmbly,  the 
"■  dernier  Refost  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland.  It  conli'ls  of  Commilli- 
*'  oners  from  Presbyteries,  Koyal  Burghs,  and  Uaiverlicies.  A 
*'  Presbytery  of  Twelve  Minilters  fends  two  Minillers  and  One 
*'  Ruling  Elder  ;  a  Presbytery  of  between  Twelve  and  Eighteen 
"  fends  Three,  and  One  Ruling  Elder  ;  of  between  Eigltteen  and 
'*  Twenty  four  fcnjs  Four,  and  Two  Ruling  Elders;  of  Twenty 
*'  Four  fends  Five,  and  Two  Folders  ;  every  Rcyal  Burgh  fends 
*'  One  Mdcr,  and  LdJnhur^b  Two;  every  Univerluy  fends  One 
"  ConimiilioiKT,  ufually  a  Miniilcr.  The  General  Adtmblv  mcctst 
*'^  once  a  Year,  in  the  Month  of  M/^y,  and  is  opened  and  adjourned 
*'  by  the  King's  R  yal  CommilHoner  appointed  lor  that  Purpofe." 

Though 


Chap.VIII.    of  tbe  Fu  KIT  Aus.  385 

Though  the  City  and  Suburbs  o^  London  had  been     Khg 
formed  into  a  Prov'wce,  and  divided  into  twelve  Claf-^^'"'^"  ^* 
fical  Prefbyteries  (as  has  been  remcmber'd)  the  i^^ft^^^t^ 
Year,  new  Complaints  were  ftill  made  to  the  Parlia- 
ment of  certain  Obftrucftions  in  their  Way;    upon  Vol  Pamp. 
which    the  Houfes    publilhed    their   Relolutions  of^'^  4- 
April  22.   i6^y.  entitled,  Remedies  for  Removing  fome 
Objlru£lions  in  Church  Government ;  in  which  they  or- 
der Letters  to  be   fent  from   the  Speakers  of  both 
Houfes  to  the  feveral  Counties  of  England^  imme- 
diately to  divide  themfelves  into  difl:in6l  Prefbyteries, 
and  ClafTes  ;    *'  They   then  appoint   the  Elders  and 
"  Minifters  of  the  feveral  ClafTes  of  the  Province  of 
**  London,  to  hold  their  Provincial  AflVmbly  in  the 
**  Convocation  Houfe  of  St.  Paul's  in  London,  upon 
"  the  firft  Monday  in  May  next  enfuing,  and  to  ad- 
*'  journ  their  Meetings  de  Die  in  Diem,  and  conclude 
**  them  with  Adjournment  to  the  next  Opportunity, 
*'  according  to  the  Ordinance  of  Parliament ;  but 
*'  that  no  A6t  fhall  pafs  or  be  valid  in  the  faid  Pro- 
**  vince  of  London,  except  it  be  done  by  the  Number 
"  of  Thirty  fix  prefent,  or  the  major  Part  of  them, 
"  whereof  Twelve  to  be  Minifters,  and  Twenty  four 
"  Ruling  Elders.     That  in  the  Claffical  Meetings 
*'  that  which  fhail  be  done  by  the  major  Part  prefent 
*•  (hall  be  efteemed  the  A6V  of  the  whoi .  -,  but  no 
"  Aft  done  by  ap.y  Claffes  fhall  be  valid  unlefs  it  be 
"  done  by  the  Number  of  Fifteen  prefent,  or  the 
"  major  Pare  of  them,  whereof  Five  to  be  Minifters, 
"  and  Ten  Ruling  Elders."     So  that  the  Number  of 
Lay- Elders  in  thefe  AfTemblies    was  double    10   the 
Number  of  Minifters. 

According  to  this  Appointment  the  firft  Provincial^'»y^^<^ 
AfTembly  met  at  the  Convocation  HouJe  of  St.  Paul's""'' !:f'^^ 
May  ^.  confifting  of  Three  Minifters  and  S'x  Ruling      '"  ^' 
Elders  from  the  feveral  ClafTes,  in  all  about  oneHundred 
and  eight  Perfons  ;  at  their  firft  SefTion  they  chole  the 
Reverend  Dr.  Gouge  Prolocucor,  wno  opened  the  Af- 
Tembly with  a  Sermon  at  his  own  Church  in  Black- 
VoL,  Iir.  C  c  friars, 


386  7^f  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

•K?»^    friars,  the  Reverend  Mr.  Thomas  Manton,  Mr.  Ralph 
Charles  ^' Hobinfon^    and  Mr.  Cardel,  being  appointed  Scribes. 
\,^'>^i^  After  their  Return  to  the  Convocalion-Houfe  a  Com- 
mittee of  Seven  Minifters  and  Fourteen  Ruling  El- 
ders, were  chofen  to  confider  of  the  Bufinefs  of  the 
Province. 

The  Ministers  were, 

The  Rev.  Mr,  Whitaker,    I  The  Rev.  Mr.  Tuckney, 
Dr.  Seaman,         |  Mr.  Proffer, 

Mr.  Ed.  Calamy ,  |  Mr.  Jackfon. 

Mr.  Spurftow,     j 

57;^?  Ruling  Elders  were. 

Sir  Edw.  Popham,  |  Mr.  Houghton, 


Dr.  Clarke, 
Dr.  Baflwicke, 
Dr.  Brinley, 
Mr.  Bence, 
Mr.  Ruffel, 
Mr.  Bains, 


Mr.  Eyres, 
Mr.  Vaughan, 
Mr*  Webbe, 
Mr.  Englifh, 
Col.  Sowionllajl. 
Mr.  


Any  Six  to  be  a  Quorum,  provided  there  be  Two 
Minifters,  and  Four  Ruling  Elders.  Their  next 
Meeting  to  be  at  Sion  College,  Ma^  6.  at  Two  in  the 
Afternoon. 

At  the  Second  SefTions  it  was  moved,  that  Ad- 
plication  be  made  to  Parliament,  for  liberty  to  re- 
move the  Aflembly  from  the  Convocatlon-Houfe  to 
fome  other  Place  ;  and  accordingly  they  were  allow- 
ed to  adjourn  to  any  Place  within  the  City  o^  Londoa^ 
or  the  Liberties  -,  upon  which  they  agreed  upon  Sion 
College^  where  they  continued  to  meet  Twice  a  Week 
to  the  End  of  the  Year  1659.  as  appears  by  a  Manu- 
fcripc  of  the  late  Mr.  Grange^  now  in  Sion  College  Li- 
brary. 

But 


Chap.  VIII.  of  the  Puritans.'  387 

But  before  their  Adjournment  from  the  Convocation-    King 
HouCeai  St.  Paul's,  they  came  to  the  loUovving  Refo-^^*'"'"  ^' 
lutions  i  rejolvedy  WVn»^. 

1.  That  the  Provincial  AfTembly  fliall  meet  Twice^^w.  R»^e^ 
every  Week,  Mondays  and  Tburfdays.  f"^  *^' . 

2.  That  the  Moderator  for  the  Time  being  fhall^p-^/^. 
begin  and  end  every  Seflion  with  Prayer.  "* 

3.  When  a  new  Moderator  is  to  be  chofen  the  fc- 
nior  Minirter  fhall  prefide. 

4.  The  Moderator  fhall  be  fubjecl  to  the  Cenfure 
of  the  Majority  of  the  AfTembly,  in  cafe  of  Com- 
plaint, and  fliall  leave  the  Chair  while  the  Complaint 
is  debating,  and  the  fenior  Minifter  fhall  prefide. 

5.  Every  one  that  Ipeaks  fhall  direct  his  Speech  to 
the  Moderator,  and  be  uncovered. 

6.  No  Man  (hall  fpeak  above  Three  l"imes  to  the 
fame  Queflion  at  one  Scflions. 

7.  When  any  Bufinefs  is  before  the  AfTembly  re- 
lating to  any  particular  Member,  he  fliall  withdraw, 
if  defired  by  the  Majjrity. 

8.  After  the  AfTembly  is  fetno  Member  fhall  with- 
draw without  lea,ve. 

9.  The  Names  of  the  Members  prefcnt  fliall  be  re- 
corded by  the  Scribes. 

Every  Provincial  JJfembiy  was  difTolvcd  in  Courfe  at 
the  End  of  Six  Months,  when  Notice  was  given  to 
the  feveral  Clafles  to  choofe  new  Reprelentatives ; 
but  it  was  an  ill  Omen  upon  them,  that  their  Meetings 
were  interrupted  almoli  all  this  Summer,  by  reafon 
of  the  Diftradion  of  the  Times. 

The  Second  Provincial  JJJembly  met  Nov.  8.  Dr. -.'' ^'^'''- 
Seaman  Moderator,  and  prcibntcd  a  Petition  to  ihelf^^""' 
Parliament  in  a  Body,  Jan.  1 1.  in  which  they  humbly  '^' 

pray.  Their  Peti' 

I.   ''  Thar  the  Number  of  Delegates  to  the  Pro-^i""*'^''" 
«'  vincial  JJfembiy  may   be   enlarged,    becautc  thcy^J^^^**' 
C  c  2  *»  f-^uadsiok  Coll, 


3^8  !r6^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

King    "  found  it  difficult  fometimes  to  make  up  the  Nutn- 

Charlesl.cc  bcr  of  Thirty  fix. 

yLl^  2.  "  That  the  Houfes  would  quicken  the  Settle- 
"  ment  of  thofe  Clafles  [in  London]  that  were  not  yet 
"  formed,  which  ihey  fay  were  Four. 

3.  *'  That  fome  more  effedlual  Encouragement 
**  may  be  provided  for  a  learned  Miniftry. 

4.  *'  That  efFeftual  Provifion  may  be  made  againfl 
*'  clandefline  Marriages,  for  the  Punilhment  of  For- 
*'  nication,  Adultery,  and  fuch  Uncleannefs  as  is  not 
"   fit  to  be  named. 

5.  "  That  Church  Cenfures  may  be  fo  eflablifhed, 
*'  that  fcandalous  Perfons  may  be  effeftually  exclu- 
*'  ded  from  Church  Communion." 

The  Parliament  received  them  with  Refpedl,  and 
promifed  to  take  the  Particulars  into  Confideration, 
which  was  all  that  was  done  in  the  Affair. 

But  befides  the  Provincial  AJJemhlj^  it  has  been  re- 
member'd,  that  the  London  Clergy  had  their  weekly 
Meetings  at  Sion  College^  toconfult  about  Church  Af- 
fairs, in  one  of  which  they  agreed,  fince  ibey  could  do 
no  more,  to  bear  their  publick  Teftimony  againft  the 
Errors  of  the  Times ;  and  accordingly  they  publifhed 
London    a  Treatife,  entitled,  A  Tejlimon'j  to  the  Truth  of  Jefus 
Mmflert  chrijiy  and  to  our  Sok?nn  League  and  Covenant ;  as  alfo^ 
Tejtwwny  ^g^j^^jf  ij^g  Errors ,    HerefieSy    and  Blafphemies  of  thefe 
a73(iaga7f}ft^^^^~^y  ^f^^  ^^^  Toleration  of  them  ;  to  which  is  added,  a 
JEnpr.       Catalogue  of  the  faid  Errors,  &c.  dated  from  Sion  Col- 
lege, Dec.   14.  1647,    and  fubfcribed  by  Fifty  eight 
of  the  moft  eminent  Pallors  in  London,  of  whom  Se- 
venteen were  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines.  Some  Time 
after  the  M\n\i\.ersoi  Gloucejlerjhire  pubWihed  their  Con- 
currence with  the  Lo«(i(?«  Miniflers,  fubfcribed  by  Sixty 
four  Names.  The  Miniflers  of  the  Province  of  Lanca- 
fler  by  Eighty  four.  The  DevonJhireM.\n\^tTS  by  Eigh- 
ty three-,  and  the  Somerfet  Minilfers  by  Seventy  one. 

The  London  Mimfters,  in  their  firft  Article, 
*'  touching  Matters  of  Dodrine,  declare  their  AfTenc 
"  to  the  Weflminftcr  Allembly's  ConfelTion  of  Faith, 

•*  and 


Chap.  VIII.    of  t/je  Pu  RiT  Ans.  389 

*»  and  heartily  defire  it  may  receive  the  Sanflion  of    King 
*'  Authority,  as  the  joint  Confcffion  of  Faith  of  ihe^^"'"  ^• 
**  three  Kingdoms,  in  purfuance  of  the  Covenant."      v..^vJ^ 

Touching  Herefics  and  Errors,  they  declare  their 
Deteftation  and  Abhorrence  of  thefe  following,  among 
others, 

1.  *'  That  the  holy  Scriptures  'are  nor  of  Divine L.  CUrk- 
**  Authority,  and  the  only  Rule  of  Faith,  ^o"- 

2.  *'  That  God  hath  a  bodily  Shape  ;  that  God  is®'^'^'^' 
*'  the  Name  of  a  Pcrfon  ;  and,  that  God  is  the  Au-ciij, 
*'  thorofSin,  having  a  greater  Hand  in  it  than  Men  Eaton, 

«*  themfelves.  SalviDaiili, 

3.  "  That  there  is  not  a  Trinity  of  Perfons' in  theP-iul  B.ll. 
"  Godhead  ;  that  the  Son  is  not  Co-equaJ  with  thei^'dJk-. 
«*  Father;  and,  that  the  Holy  Ghofl  is  only  a  mini- p- 8. 

*'  firing  Spirit. 

4.  "  That  God  has  not  elefted  fome  to  Salvation ^^'^^^i-'^s  of 
"  from  Eternity,  and  rejecfled  or  reprobated  others  i^°w"^'^^''^ 
*'  and,  that  no  Man  Ihall  perifh  in  Hell  for  Jdam*s^[^/^' 
"  Sin.  L.s. 

5.  "  That  Chrift  died  for  the  Sins  of  all  Mankind  j  Ham- 
"  that  the  Benefits  of  his  Death  were  intended  for'^°"^5 

"  all  ',  and,  that  natural  Men  may  do  fuch  Thinssl'^?  ^^^' 
"  as  whereunto  God  has  by  way  01  rromile  annexed  win. 
**  Grace  and  Acceptation.  p.  149. 

6.  "  That  Man  hath  a  Free- Will  and  Power  in  J.  Good- 
"  himfelf  to  repent,  to  believe,  to  obey  the  Gofpel^^^'"* 

*'  and  do  every  Thing  that  God  requires  toSalvation. 

7.  "  That    Faith  is   not  a    fupernatural   Grace,  Ham. 
"  and  that  faithful  Adions  are  the  only  Things  by 

"  which  a  Man  is  juftified. 

8.  "  That  the  Moral  Law  is  not  the  Rule  of  Life  ;  Randal, 
*'  that  Believers  are  as  clean  from  Sin  as  Chrift  him--'"'^" 

"  felf ;  that  fuch  have  no  occafion  to  pray  for  par-^'""?  °"' 
*'  don  of  Sin  j   that  God  fees  no  Sin  in  his  People, 
**  nor  does  he  ever  challife  them  for  ir. 

9.  **  That  there  is  no  Church  nor  Sacraments,  nor  p- 17. 

"  Sabbath  ;  the  Opinions  of  the  SeeLrs,  now  called ^•''^"'"^' 

^   C   3  10.  pie. 


390  77j^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

Kwg  10.  ««  That  the  Children  of  Believers  ought  not  to 
ares  T. <«  ^^  baptized,  nor  Baptifm  continued  among  Chri- 
v^<^^^  "  llians ;  that  the  iVIeaning  of  the  Third  Con[imand- 
Tombes,  *'  mcnt  is,  Thou  Jhali  not  Forjwear  th'^  felf. 
Saltmafh.  n,  t*  That  Perfons  of  the  next  Kindred  may 
Ham.  <c  Marry ;  and,  that  Indifpofuion,  Unfitnefs,  or 
Milton,  «  Contrariety  pi  Mind  arifing  from  natural  Caufes, 
p.  19.       ic  are  a  juft  Reafon  of  Divorce. 

p^  zo^  12.  "  That  the  Soul  o'i  Man  is  mortal;    that  it 

Mortality  "  ^f^ps  with  the  Body  ;  and,  that  there  is  neither 
by  R.  O.  '"  Heaven  nor  Hell  till  the  Day  of  Judgment. 
£,Wy  Te-      The  laft  Error  they  witnefs  againit,  and  in  which  all 
ret.  agree,  is  called  the  "Error  of  Toleration,  pacro- 

Five  Hoi-  "  nizing  and  promoting  all  other  Errors,  Herefies  and 
i"   ^^■'"■'"  Blafphemies  whatfoever,  under  ihegrofly  abufed  No- 
"  tion  of  Liberty  of  Conscience,'*  and  here  they 
'' ''  '       complain,  as  a  very  great  Grievance,  "  That  Men 
*'  Ihould  have  liberty  toworfhipGodin  that  Way  and 
"  Manner  as  fhajl  appear  to  them  molt  agreeable  to 
*'  the  Word  of  God  *,  and  no  Man  be  punilhed  or  dif- 
**  countenanced  by  Authority  for  thefamc,  and,  thatan 
"  inforced Uniformity ofReligionthroughouta Nation 
*'  or  State  confounds  the  Civil  and  Religious,  and  de- 
*'  nies  thevery  Principles  ofChriflianity  and  Civility.** 
They  then  bear  their  Teftimony  to  the  Covenant, 
and  X.0  i\\t  Divine  Right  of  Prejh^tery.     They  lament 
the  imperfed:  Settlement  of  their  Difcipline  by  the 
Parliament,  and  lay  the  Foundation  of  all  their  Ca- 
lamities in  the  Countenancing  of  a  publick  and  gene- 
5.33.       ral  Toleration,    and    conclude  thus;     *'  Upon   all 
*'  thefe  Confiderations,  we  the  Mmifters   of   Jefus 
*'  Chrift  do  hereby  teftify  to  our  Flocks,  to  all  the 
*'  Kingdom,  and  to  the  Reformed  World,  our  great 
**  Diflikc  of  Prelacy^  Eraftianifm,  Brownifm^  and  In- 
♦*  dependency  ;    and  our   utter  Abhorrency  of  yilnti- 
**  Scripturijm^   Poperv,  Arianifm^  SGcimamJm,  Annini- 
"  anifm^  Antinomianifm^  Anabapiifin^   Liberlinifm,  and 
*'  Familifm  ;  and  that  we  deteft  the  fore-mentioned 
"  foUration^    fo  much  ^urfucd  and  endeavoured  in 

*'  this 


Chap. VIII.   o/" //j^  Puritans.  391 

**  rhis  Kingdom,  accounting  ic  unlawful  and  perni-     ^^''"-? 
"  clous.'*     What  fad    Work  would    thele    D  vines ^^^"^'''  ^* 
have  made  if  they  had  had  the  Szi'ord  of  the  Magi- ^^r^^t^ 
ftrate  at  their  Difpofal  ! 

The  principal  Authors    from  whom  thefe  Errors J^*"-  ^^^am- 
were  colleded,  are  mentioned  in  the  Margin  ;  Two"^°"!!* 
of  whom  determined  to  vindicate  the  Citations  out  of^jj^^^' 
their  Books :   Dr.  Hanunoiid  publiflied  a  Vindication 
of  three  Paflages  in  his  Practical  Caccchifm  from  the 
Cenfures  of  the  London  Minifters  •,  in  which  he  very 
jultly  complains  of  the  hard  Names  with  which  the 
Minifters  load  the  Opinions  they  rejccft,  as  ahojuiTiabU^.  4. 
Errors,  daimmble  Herefies^  horrid  BlafphemieSy  many  of  - 
which  are  deJlruBive  of  the  FundamentaU  of  Chriflianity^ 
and  all  of  them  repugnant  to  the  holy  Scriptures,  the  Scan- 
dal and  Offence  of  the  Reformed  Churches  abroad,  and  the 
unparallell*d  Reproach  of -this  Church  and  Nation  ;  and^ 
in  a  fVord,  the  Dregs  and  Spawn  of  thofe  old  curfed  Here- 
fies  which  have  been  already  condemned.     The  Do(5lor 
then  recites  his  three  PafT.iges ;  the  Firft  concerning 
Univerfal  Redemption ',  the  Second  concerning  Faith^s 
being  the  Condition  of  our  Jujlif  cation  ;  and  the  Third 
concerning  the  Interpretation  of  the  Third  Com?nandmeni  ; 
and  avers  them  all  to  be  true,  and  agreeable  to  the 
Podrine  of  the  Church  of  Englaj2d.     In  Conclufion 
the  Do6lor  defires  this  Favour,  that  cither  the  firft 
Subfcriber,  Mr.  J.  Downham,  who  licenfed  his  Cat e- 
<;hifm  for  the  Prefs,  or  elfe  Dr.  Gouge  or  Mr.  Gataker^ 
who  are  foremoft  in  the  Second  Rank,  or  fome  other  . 

Perlons  of  Learning,  Chriftianiry,  and  Temper, 
would  afford  him  their  Patience,  perfonally,  and  by 
fair  Difcourfe,  or  any  other  Chrillian  Way,  to  de- 
ba'e  the  Truth  of  thefe  AfTertions,  for  which  he  wil| 
wait  their  Leifure.  Dated  from  OA/or*^  7^'^- 24.  i6z^|. 
but  no  body  thought  fit  to  accept  the  Challenge. 

Mr.  John  Coodiiin  was  a   learned  Divine,    and  ^A^d  ^:r, 
quick  Difputant,  but  of  a  peculiar  Mould,  being  aJo'^'" 
Republican,  an  Indepefldant,  and  a  thorough  Ar?ni-^'°°^'' 
pian  ;  he  had  been  Vicar  of  Coleman  Street,  but  was 
C  c  4  ?jeA<i4 


392  r/jeUlSrO  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

King  ejefled  in  the  Year  1645.  by  the  Committee  for  plun- 
Chades  I.^.j-'j  Minifters,  becaufe  he  refufed  to  baptize  the  Chil- 
^J'ytl^.  dren  of  his  Parifhionerspromifcuoufly,  and  toadmini- 
fter  the  Sacrament  to  his  whole  Parifh.  He  had  pub- 
Jifhed  feveral  large  and  learned  Books ;  as,  The  Divine 
Authority  of  the  Scriptures.  Redemption  redeemed.  ATreatife 
ofjufiification.  And,  An  Expofition  on  the  Ninth  Chapter 
to  the  Romans ;  out  of  which  the  above-mentioned 
Exceptions  were  taken.  This  Divine  taking  itamifs 
to  be  marked  for  a  Heretick  challenged  any  of  the 
London  Clergy  to  a  Difputation,  as  thinking  it  a  very 
unrighteous  iVIethod  to  condemn  Opinions  before  they 
had  been  confuted.  Mr.  IVilliam  Jenkins^  at  that 
Time  a  warm  and  zealous  Prefbyterian,  but  after- 
wards foften'd  into  more  Cathol.ck  Principles,  en- 
tered the  Lids  with  our  Author,  in  a  Pamphet  enti- 
tled, The  biifj  Bijhop.  To  which  the  other  replied,  in 
a  Book  entitled,  The  Novice  Frejh^ler  injlru5led.  By 
fome  PafTages  in  which  one  may  dilcover  the  angry 
Spirit  of  the  Times, 
jvfr.  J.  Mr    Jenkins  had  complained,    that  the  orthodox 

Good-  Clergy  had  but  fiiort  Commons,  and  were  under  the 
\vin  s  Re- ^j.QJ-2^  whereas  the  Secflaries  met  with  the  greateft 
Rev.  ivX.  Encouragement,  To  which  Mr.  Goodwin  replies, 
Jenkins.  *'  If  by  orthodox  Mini jlers  he  means  thofe  of  the  ado- 
*'  red  Order  of  Prefbytery,  wirh  what  Face  can  he 
*'  fay  they  are  under  the  Crofs  ?  Is  not  the  whole  Eng- 
*'  lipj  Element  of  Church  Livings  offered  up  by  the 
*'  State  to  their  Service  ?  Are  npt  all  the  Benefices  of 
"  the  Kingdom  appropriated  to  their  Order  ?  And 
**  all  others  thrult  out  of  Doors  to  make  room  for 
"  them?  Muft  they  feed  with  Hecalomhs  every  Day, 
*'  or  elfe  complain  of  (hort  Commons?  Or,  is  Mr. 
*'  Jenkins  of  M.  Crajfus^s  Mind,  who  would  have  no 
«'  one  accounted  Rich  unlefs  he  could  maintain  an 
*'  Army  with  his  Revenue?  In  what  Senfe  can  he 
'*  affirm  the  Prejhperian  Clergy  to  be  under  the  Crofs  ? 
**  Are  they  under  the  Crols  who  are  fcarce  under  the 
<*  Crown?    Who   are   carried    by  Authority  upon 

*'  Eagles 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  Puritans.  393 

"  Eagles  Wings :    Over  whom  the    Parliament   it    Kmg 

*'  felf  rejoices  to  do  good  ;  heaping  Ordinance  upon^''^*^^"  ^• 

*'  Ordinance  to  advance  both  them  and  their  Livings  v,^Ll^ 

"  together.     But  certainly  there  is  fomething  that 

**  Mr.  Jenkins  calls  a  Crofs  which  few  Men  know  by 

"  that  Name,  but  thofe  who  are  baptized  into  the 

*'  Spirit  of  high  Prefbytery,  for  the  Crofs  he  fpeaks 

"  of  is  no  other  than  this,    that  his  orthodox  Brethren 

**  have  not  the  Power  to  do  all  the  Evil  that  is  in  their 

*'  Hearts  againfi  a  quiet,  peaceable,  harmlejs  Generation 

"  of  Men,    of  whom  they   are  jealous,    lead  they 

"  fhould  take  their  Kingdom  from  them.     How  can 

*'  this  Writer  fay,  that  the  Independant  Preachers 

"  meet  with  Encouragemenr,  and  are  under  worldly 

'*  Glory  ?    Does  he  account  it  Matter  of  worldly 

*'  Glory,  to  be  difcountenanced  by  the  State,  to  be 

**  declared  uncapable  of  thofe  Favours  and  PriviJe- 

*'  ges  which  other  Minifters  in  the  Land  enjoy  ;  to 

*'  be  fequefler'd  from  their  Livings,  and  to  bethruft 

**  into  Holes  and  Corners  ;  to  be  reprefented  both  to 

*'  the  Magiftrate  and  People,  as  Sectaries,  Schifma- 

"  ticks,  Erroneous,   Heretical,  Faftious,  Trouble- 

"  fome.  Dangerous  to  the  State,  and  what  not?  If  , 

*'  this   be  worldly  Glory,  then  may  the  Preachers, 

*'  againft  whom  Mr.  Jenkins  writes,  be  truly  faid  to 

"  be  under  worldly  Glory."     Old  Mr.  Vicars,  and 

fome  others,  carried  on  the  Controverfy,  but  their 

Writings  are  not  worth  remembring  •,  efpecially  fince 

the  Englijh  Prelbyterians  of  the  prefent  Age  have 

openly  renounced  and  difavowed  their  Principles. 

To  return  to  more  publick  Affairs  ;  hitherto  ihtv^ewsef 
Army   had    afted  in    perfect  Subordination    to   iht^^^  ^'ffe- 
Pariiamenr,  but  the  War  being  over,  and  the  KingJJ"'^'*''" 
a  Prifoner,  the  great  Difficulty  was  to  fettle  the  ^x-certredin 
tion  upon  fuch  a  Foot  as  might  content  the  feverah/je  ^^r. 
Parties,  or  bring  them  at  lead  to  acquiefce  ',  this  was 
the  Rock  upon  which  they  fplit,  and  which,  in  the 
Endj    proved  the  Ruin  of  their   Caufe.     To  give 

Light 


394  r^^^  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

King  Light  to  this  Affair  it  wiJl  be  proper  to  confider  the 
Charles  I  feparate  Views  of  the  King,  the  Parliament,  and  the 
v.;^Army. 

of  the         The  Royal  Party  being  broken,  and  the  King  a 
King.       Prifoner,  his  ]VIajefl;y  had  no  Profped  of  recovering 
his  Throne  but  by  dividing  his  Enemies,  or  making 
the  beft  Terms  with  them  he  could  ;  the  Prejl-ykrians 
being  in  League  with  the  Scots  Nation  were  moft  nu- 
merous and  powerful ;  but  that  which  rendered  their 
Agreement  with  the  King  imprafticable,    was    his 
Majefty's  Belief,  that  Epijcopal  Government  ivas  ejferj' 
i'lal  to  Chrijiiamty,  and    that  he  was  bound  by   his 
Coronation  Oath  to  maintain  it  ;  whereas  the  others 
held  themfelves  equally  bound  by  their  Soletnn  League 
and  Covenant   to  abolifh  Epifcopacy,    and  eftablifl^ 
Prefbytery  in  its  room.  Both  Parties  were  immovable, 
and  upon  this  Rock  they  fplit.  His  Majefty*s  Agree- 
ment with  the  Ai'my  was  more  open  and  pra6ticable, 
becaufe  they  would  have  fet  afide  the  Covenant^  and 
obliged  the  Parliament  to  tolerate  Epifcopal  Govern- 
ment as  well  as  the  Se<flaries ;  but  the  King  could  ne- 
ver forgive  thofe  Officers  who  had  deftroyed  his  Ar- 
mies, and  beat  him  out  of  the  Field  ;  Though  he 
dreaded  their  military  Valour  he  had  a  very  mean 
Opinion  of  their  Politicks,  and  therefore  affecVed  to 
play  them  againfl:   the  Parliament,  hoping  to  take 
Advantage  ot  their  Divifions,  and  eflablifh  himfelf 
upon  the  Ruins  of  both  -,  for  it  was  his  Majefty's 
Maxim,  which  he  did  not  fcruple  to  avow,  that  nei- 
ther Partx  could  fuhfiji  without  blm^  and  that  thofe  inufl 
be  ruined  whom  he  abandoned.     B^'    which   unhappy 
Condud  he  loft  his  Interell,  both  in  the  Parliament; 
and  Army,  and  (as  Bifhop  Kennet  obferves)    laid  the 
Foundation  of  his  Ruin. 
ofthevar-     Xhe  Prejbyterians  were  no  lefs  Unhappy,  for  the 
hament     Majority  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  with  the  City 
^knerlam.  ^^  London^  and  the  whole  Scots  Nation,  being  firmly 
in  their  Interef?",  they  imagined  nothing  could  ftand 
before  them,  and  therefore  would  abate  nothing  of 

ihcii: 


Chap. VIII.   o/"  f^^  Pu  R  iTANs.'  29S 

their  Demands,  nor  heirken  to  any  other  Terms  of  Kinfr 
Accommodation  with  the  King,  than  thole  of  the  C(?- Charles  T. 
venant,  which  were  the  entire  Abolijhing  of  Prelacy ^  and  '^'^7- 
the  ejlablijhifig  Prefbytcrian  Uniformity  throughout  both  ^'^'V^^' 
Kingdoms^  uilb  an  abfolute  Extirpation  of  all  Sectaries 
what'oever.  This  embarraflcd  them  not  only  with 
the  King  (as  has  been  obferved)  but  awakened  the 
Jealoufy  of  the  Army,  who  were  thoroughly  con- 
vinced, that  when  the  Prep-^terians  were  in  the  legal 
PodefTion  of  their  Demands,  they  would  exerctfe 
equal  Tyranny  over  the  Confciences  of  Men  with  the 
Bifhops ;  and  indeed,  nothing  lefs  was  to  be  expedted, 
confidering  their  Itcady  Adherence  to  the  Covenant  in 
all  their  Treaties  with  the  King  ;  their  Efforts  in 
Parliament  to  get  the  Power  of  the  Keys  into  their 
Hands,  their  frequent  AddrefTes  for  the  SupprefTing 
all  Sectaries  by  the  Civil  Authority,  and  their  Decla- 
mations both  from  the  Pulpit  and  Prefs,  againft  To- 
leration and  Liberty  of  Conlcience.  In  all  their 
Treaties  with  the  King,  even  to  that  in  the  Ifle  of 
Wight  (except  when  the  Army  was  in  PofTeffion  of  the 
Cities  of  London  and  PVeJlminlter)  this  was  one  Article 
of  Peace,  That  an  effehual  Courfe  be  taken  by  A51  of 
Parliament^  and  all  other  Way:  needful  or  expedient 
for  Supprejfing  the  Opinions  of  the  Independants, 
and  all  other  Se5laries.  To  which  his  Majtfty  had 
agreed  in  his  private  Treaty  with  the  Scots  in  the  Ife 
of  Wight ^  fign'd  December  27.  fo  that  the  Army  was 
left  to  Ihift  for  it  felf. 

Though  there  were  fome  few  Prefbyterlans  in  the 0/ ''''>'♦'- 
Army,    the  greateft   Part  confiiled   of  Independanfs,"'y  "^^f^"' 
Anabaptijis^  and  Men  ot  unjeitled  Principles  in  Reli-  ■^'^"  '"' 
gion,  who  for   want  of  regular   Chaplains  to  their 
Regimenis,   had  u!ed  their  own  Talents  among  them- 
felves  in  religious  Exercifes.     The  Scots   Treaty   of 
the   Ifle  of  Wight  fays    the  Army   was  made   up   of 
Anti-Trinitarians^   Arians,    Socinians^  Anti-Scriptiirifs, 
Anabaptijh,  Antinomians ^  ArminianSy  Familijls^  Brown- 
iJISf  Separatijls,  Independants^  Libertines,  Seekers,  &:c. 
'  ■'      •  •  BaC 


396  77j(?  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

King    But  Mr.  Rapirj,  contrary  to  the  Teftimony  of  all 
Charles  I. other  Writers,  calls  them  all  Independants^  and  re- 
^i^^  prefents   the   Controvcrfy    between  the  Parliament 
and  them  as  a  Difpute,  Whether  Prejbjtery  or  Indepen- 
dency {hould  he  itppermoji  ;  whereas  the  grand  Contro- 
verfy  was,  Prejbytery  with  a  Toleration  or  without  one. 
The  Army  confented,  that  Prefbytery  fhould  be  the 
National  Religion,  but  infilled  upon  a  Toleration  of 
all  Chrijlians  in  the  Enjoyment  of  all  their  Civil  and 
Religious  Rights.     This  (fays  Lord  Clarendon)  was 
their  great  Charter,  and  till  they  had  obtain'd  it  by  a 
legal  Settlement  they  agreed  not  to  lay  down  their 
Arms :  They  had  fought  the  Parliament*s  Battles, 
and  therefore  thought  it  unreafonable  to  be  told  open- 
ly, if  they  would  not  comply  with  the  Prefbyterian 
Settlement  they  muft  expe(5l  to  be  punifhed  as  SeSfa- 
ries,    and  driven  cut  of  the  Land.     To  avoid  this 
they  treated  feparately  with  the  King,  both  before 
and  after  they  had  him   in  their  Hands ;  and  when 
they  apprehended  he  did  not  deal  fincerely  with  them, 
they  made  Propofals  to  the  Parliament  to  eftabJifh  the 
Prefbyterian  Difcipline  with  a  Toleration  to  all  Prote- 
Itants  without  him  -,  but  when  they  found  the  Prefby  te- 
rians,  even  in  their  laft  Treaty  with  the  King,  in  the 
Year  1648.  infifting  upon  Prefbyterian  Unitormity, 
without  making  the  leail  Provifion  for  that  Liberty  of 
Confcience  they  had  been  contending  for,  they  grew 
Outragiousi  they  feized  his  Majefty's  Perfon  a  fecond 
Time,  and  having  purged  die  Houfe  of  Commons,  in 
an  arbitrary  Manner,  of  all  that  were  not  in  their  own 
defperate  Meafures,  they  blew  up  the  whole  Conftitu- 
tion,  and  buried  both  King  and  Parliament,  and  Pref- 
bytery, in  its  Ruins.     This  was  not  in  their  original 
"View,  nor  the  Refulc  of  any  peculiar  Set  of  Religious 
Principles  (as  Rapin  infinuates)  but  was  driven  on  by 
a  Series  of  Difappointments,  on  the  Part  of  the  Army  -, 
and  a  Train  of  unhappy  and  unforefcen  Events,  arifmg 
from  the  miftaken  Condudt  of  the  Loyalifls  and  Pref- 
byterians. 

We 


Chap.  VIII.  c/  /^^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s;  397 

We  left  the  King  the  Beginning  of  the  Spring  at    King 
his  Houfe  at  Holinby,  where  he  continued  under  an^^'^'"  ^• 
eafy  Rellraint  from  the  i6ch  o(  Feb.  to  the  4th  ofvjijZ^ 
June  following.     The  War  being  over  the  Houfes^„,^^^,^yj, 
attempted  to  get  rid  of  the  Army,  by  offering  Sixif/ac^w 
Months  Pay,  and  Six  Weeks  Advance,  to  as  many  as'^^^'^'"'- 
would  go  over  to  Ireland  •,  and  by  voting,  that  the'*"''  ^'"^^' 
Remainder  fliould  be  difbanded,  with  an  A(5t  of  In- 
demnify for  all   Hoflilities  committed  by  them,  in 
purfuance  of  the  Powers  given  them  by  Parliament ; 
but  the  Army  being  apprehenfive  that  the  Prefbyte- 
rians  would  make  Peace  with  the  King,    upon  the 
Foot  of  Covenant  Ujufonmtyy  and  without  a  lolera- 
tioKy  refolved  to  fecure  this  Point  in  the  firft  Place, 
for  which  Purpofe  they  chofc  a  Council  of  Officers 't  and Cout7cil  of 
a   Co7n?nittee  cf  Agitators^    confifling  of  two  inferior 9^''*". 
Officers  out  of  each  Regiment,  to  manage  their  Af-'*"''-^'^'' 
fairs  }  thefe  met  in  diftind:  Bodies,  like  the  two  Hou-p  ^' 
fes  of  Parliament,  and  came  to  the  following  Refolu-  Vol.  vi. 
tions,  which  they  fent  to  PP'ejlminJler  by  Three  of  theirp.  485, 
Number,  whodelivered  them  in  at  the  Bar  of  the  Houfe,  49Si- 
"  That  they  would  not  difband  without  their  Arrears,  ^^fVl' 
"  nor  without  full  Provifion  for  Liberty  of  Con/cience.^'  ^ 
"  That  they  did  not  look  upon  themfelves  as  a  Band 
"  of  Janizaries,  but  as  Voluntiers,    that  had   been 
"  fighting  for  the  Liberties  of  the  Nation,  of  which 
*'  they  were  a  Part,  and  that  they  were  refolved  to  fee 
*'  thofe  Ends  fecured,"     It  was  moved  in  the  Houfe, 
that  the  Meflengers  might  be  committed  to  the  Tower^ 
but  after  a  long  Debate  they  were  difmifTed  only  with 
a  Reprimand  for  meddling  in  Affairs  of  Government, 
and  for  prefuming  to  offer  a  Petition  to  Parliament 
without  their  General.     Upon  this  the  Officers  fent 
their  Petition  by  [he  General  himfelf,  but  the  Parlia- 
ment, inftead  of  taking  it  into  Confideration,  order*d 
May  21.  that  all  who  would  not  lift  for  the  Irij'h  Ser- 
vice fhould  be  immediately  paid  off  and  difbanded  ; 
upon   which  the  OfHcers  feeing  the  Snare  that  was 
Jaid  for  them,  bound  themfelves  and  ihc  Army,  by 

an 


39^ 


716^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 


King  an  Engagement  May  29.  not  to  difband  till  the  Grie- 
Charles  Lyanccs  above-mencioned  were  redrefled,  Whereup- 
\Jn^I^  on  ihe  Houfes  ordered  Lieutenant  General  Cromwelly 
''  who  was  then  in  Town,  and  fufpe(5led  to  be  at  the 

Head  of  thefe  Counfels,  to  be  feized  ;  but  being  ad- 
vertifed  of  the  Defign,   he  made  his  Efcape  to  the 
Army.  They  then  voted  the  Petition  feditious,  and  all 
thofe  Tray  tors  who  had  promoted  it ;  and  having  fenc 
a  Meflage  to  the  General,  to  remove  the  Army  further 
from  London,  they  raifed  the  City  Trained  Bands,  and 
determined  to  put  an  End  to  the  Power  of  the  Army 
by  the  fpeedy  Conclufion  of  a  Peace  with  the  King. 
^iTigsAn-     His   Majefty's  Anfwer  to    their   Propofitions  at 
f^^""  jf  *^^  Newcaflle  were  read  in  the  Houfe,  May  18.  in  which 
Jtncw-^*^  he  agrees  to  fettle  the  Prefbyterian  Government 
cadle.       "  for  Three  Years  —  to  ratify  the  AfTembly  of  Di- 
^'  vines  at  Wejlminfter,  propofing  a  few  of  his  own 
"  Clergy  to  confider  what  Government  to  fettle  af- 

*'  terwards He  yields  the  Militia  for  ten  Years 

<«  Defines  Minifters  of  his  own  to  fatisfy  him 

*«  about  the  Covenant —  Confents  to  the  Acl  againft 
*'  Papifts  —  And  to  an  Acft  of  Oblivion  •—  And 
*'  defires  to  come  to  London,  in  order  to  give  the 
*'  Parliament  Satisfaction  upon  the  other  Arcicles." 
Two  Days  after  the  Lords  voted,  that  the  King  be 
removed  to  his  Houfe  at  Oatlands,  and  that  it  be  im- 
mediately fitted  for  his  Reception. 
Tie  King      Things  being  come  to   this  Crifij,  the  Agitators 
fetzed and  ^onfidered,  that  the  King  being  the  Pnze  contend- 
XTrwy".  ^^  ^^''»  whoever  had  him  in   their  Power   mult   be 
Runivv.     Matters  of  the  Peace,  and  make  their  own  Tern;s  •, 
p,  54$,     they  therefore  refolved,  by  the  Advice  and  Dirc6lion 
549-         of  Lieutenant  General  Cromivell,  to  get  Poffefllon  of 
Rapin,      j^jg  Majefty'b  Perfon,  which  they  accomplifhed  by  a 
^'  ^^^'     bold  Stratagem,  in  the  Night  of  June  4.  with  very 
little  Oppofition  from  his  Attendance  or  Guards  -,  Cor- 
net Joyce,  at  the  Head  of  Fifty  refolute  Horfe,  having 
fecured  the  Avenues  to  Holmby  Houfe,  enter'd  with 
Two  or  Three  of  his  Company,  and  going  to  the 
1  "  King's 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  ?URiTAi^i:  ^gg 

King's  Chamber,  acquainted  him  with  his  Defign,  of    King 
carrying  him  to  the  Army  ?.t  New-Market ;  his  Ma- Charles  I. 
jefty  being  furprized  at  fo  unexpected  a  Vific,  and  ^if'*''■ 
fo  late  at  Night,    afked  for  his  Commiffion,    who^'^^'^^^- 
pointed  to  his  Troops  drawn  up  before  the  Gates  ; 
his  Majefty  anfwer'd,  li  was  very  legible  ;  and  finding 
it  in  vain  to  refill,  confented  to  go  with  the  Cornet 
next  Morning,  on  promife  of  Safety  to  his  Perfon, 
and  that  he  ftiould  not  be  forced  to  any  Thing  againft 
his  Confcience  ;  the  chief  Officers  of  the  Army  mec 
his  Majefty  at  Chilcierly,  Four  Miles  from  Cambridge, 
and  were  admitted  to  Kifs  his  Hand  ;  from  thence  he 
was  removed  to  New-Market,    where  he  took  the 
Diverfion  of  the  Heathy  had  the  Liberty  of  Four  of 
his  own  Chaplains  to  wait  upon  him,  and  was  attend- 
ed with  all  due  Ceremony  and  Refped: ;  Crojnwell  be- 
ing heard  to  fay  among  his  Friends,  that  now  he  had  got 
the  King  into  his  Hands  he  had  the  Parlia?nent  in  his  Pocket. 

The  two  Houfes  received  the  News  of  the  King*srr;^7V& 
being  carried  off  to  the  Army  wich  the  utmoft  Sur-/'"''^" '^* 
prize  and  Aftonifliment  -,  the  whole  City  was  in  Qon-*"'"!'  1'°^^" 
ifufion,  and  all  Perfons  within  the  Lines  of  Commu-^J]^^^"'' 
nication  ordered  to  Arms  \   the  Lobby  at  JVejhninfter 
was  ihrong'd  with  the  Difbanded  Officers  of  the  Earl 
of  EJJex''s  Army  offering  their  Service  to  the  Parlia- 
ment ;  for  every  one  imagined  the  Army  would  be  ac 
the  Gates  of  the  City  in  a  few  Hours  )  when  their 
Fright  was  a  little  abated,  Commiffioners  were  fen:  toR.u(hvv. 
the  General,  not  to  advance  within   Forty  Miles  ofp-  546, 
London,  but  being  already  at  St.  Jlban*s,  the  Gene-^^^'  ^^9, 
ral  promifed  not  to  march  his  Army  nearer  without  ^' 
due  Notice  ;  and  alfured  the  two  Houfes,  that  they 
would  not  oppofe  the  Prejhyterial  Government^  nor  fet  up 
the  Independant ;  but  only  infifted,   that  fome  effeftu-Rapin, 
al  Courfc  might  be  taken,  that  fuch  who,  upon  con-P-  57 5> 
fciencious  Grounds,  differ'd  from  the  Eftablifhment,^''^* 
might   not  be  debarr'd  from  the  cornmon   Right?, 
Liberties,  or  Benefits  belonging  equally  to  all,   while 
they  lived  foberly  and  inulicnfivcly  towards  others, 

and 


400  7/6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    and    peaceably    and    faithfully    towards  the  State. 

Charles  Ijune  10.  another  Letter  was  fent  to  the  Lord  Mayor, 

^L^^  Aldermen,  and  Common  Council,  of  London,  figned 

by   Fairfax,   Cromwell,    and  Twelve  other  Officers, 

Rufhw.     affuring  them,  "  they  intended  no  Alteration  of  the 

P'  554'     tc  Civil  Government  *,  nor  to  interrupt  the  Settlement  of 

"  Prelly^ter^  -,  nor  to  introduce  a  licentious  Liberty, 

•*  under  colour  of  obtaining  Eafe  for  tender  Confcien- 

•'  ces,  but  that  when  the  State  had  made  a  Settle- 

"  ment  they  would  fubmit  or  fuffer.     They  wilhed 

**  that  every  peaceable  Subjedt  might  have  Liber- 

"  ty  and  Encouragement,  for  the  obtaining  which 

*'  (fay  they)  we  are  drawing  near  the  City  —  We 

«*  feek  the  Good  of  all,  and  fhall  wait  for  a  Time  to 

♦*  fee  if  thefe  Things  may  be  fettled  without  us,  and 

*'  then  we  will  embark  for  Ireland  " 

Deciarati-     The  Commons  took  no  Notice  of  thefe  Remon- 
onofthe    ftrances,  but  declared  in  Print,  'That  his  Maje/ly  was  a 
Army.       Prifoner,  and  barbaroufly  ufed,  becaufe  their  Commif- 
Ruib-vv.     (^onefs  could  have  no  Accefs  to  him,  but  in  Prefence 
A90i   '     of  feme  Officers  J  but  the  Army  replied,  "  That  all 
'*  Soggeftions  of  that  Nature  were  abfolutely  falfe, 
**  and  contrary  to  their*  Principles,  which  are  moft 
**  clearly  for  a  gmeral  Right,  and  juji  Freedom  to  all 
**  Men,  and  therefore  upon  this  Occalion  they  de- 
**  dare  to  the  World,  that  they  defire  the  fame  for 
**  the  King,  and  others  of  his  Party,  fo  far  as  can 
'*  confift  with  common  Right  and  Freedom,  and  with 
*'  the  Security  of  the  fame  for  the  future.     And  zve  do 
**  clearly  profef  (fay  they)  that  we  do  not  fee  how  there  ca» 
•'  be  any  Peace  to  this  Kingdom  fr^n  or  lajling,  without 
**  a  due  Provifion  for  the  Rights,  ^liet,  and  Immunity 
*'  of  his  Majejfy,  his  Royal  Family,  and  his  late  Parta- 
**  kers  J  and  herein  we  think,  that  tender  and  equita- 
'*  ble  Dealing  (as  fuppofing  their  Cafes  had  been 
•*  ours)  and  a  Spirit  of  common  Love  and  Juftice 
*'  diiiufing  it  felf  to  the  Good  and  Prefervation  of 
"  All,  will  make  the  moft  glorious  Conqueft  over 
2  '*  their 


Chap.  VIIL   o/'  /^^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  40 1 

♦*  their  Hearts,  to  make  them,  and  the  whole  People 
"  of  the  L,and,  lading  Friends.'* 

The  leading  Members  of  the  Prefbytcrian  Party  in 
the  Houfe  of  Commons  could  not  contain  chcmrelves7iff  Pref- 
within  any  reafonable  Bounds,  at  thefe  Proceedings  jbytciiana 
they  faid  it  was  infufferablefor  the  Parliament,  inftead'"  ^^"''"*- 
of  tre.Tting  with  the  King,  to  be  obliged  to  treat  wich?^^"'^^*" 
their  own  Servants,  and  therefore  advifed  the  Raifing^^y-^  ,ie 
a  new  Army,  and  oppofing  Force  with  Force,  tili^rw>'. 
thofewho  had  the  King  in  their  Cuftody  fliould  fub- 
mic  to  their  Superiors,    and  deliver  him  back.     On^^e<!jenof 
the  other  hand,  the  Officers  and  Agitators  refolved      '', 
to  get  rid  of  thefe  refolute  Gentlemen,  and  therefore /^^^^'^^^^^^ 
impeached  Eleven  of  the  Members  of  High-Treafon,j^^jQ^^^. 
June  16.  for  obftrutfling  the  Bufinefs  oi  Ireland ;  for  p.  570, 
a<fting  againft  the  Army,  and  againft  the  Laws  and57i. 
Liberties  of  theSubjed,  i^c.  and  defi red  they  might^^P'"* 
be  fufpended  from  the  Houfe  till  they  were  legally  ^'^  °' 
acquitted:  Their  ISi a.mes  were Denzil  Hollis,  Efq;  Sir 
Phil.  Slapleion,  Sir  B^illiam  Lewis^  Sir  John  Clotworthyy 
Sir  IVilliam  Waller^  Sir  John  Maynard,    Major  Gene- 
ral Maffey,  Mr.  Glyn  Recorder,  Colonel  Walter  Long, 
Colonel  Edward  Harley,  Antony  Nichols,  Efq;  but  the 
Commons  not  only  rejedled  their  Impeachment,  but 
ordered  the  King  to  be  brought  to  Richitiond,  and 
that  Four  full  Companies  of  the  Militia  fhould  guard 
the  Two  Houfes.     This  quicken'd  the  RefentmentsRufliw. 
of  the  Army,  who  fent  them  the  following  Propofais,p.  585*. 
among  others,  June  23.  "  —  That  the  King's  coming 
*'  to  Richmond  be  fufpended  ;  —  that  no  Place  be  ap- 
'*  pointed  for  his  Refidence  nearer  London  than  the 
*'  Parliament  will  allow  the  Quarters  of  the  Army  ; 
"  —  that  the  impeached  Members  be  fequefter'd  the 
"  Floufe  i  —  that  the  Multitude  of  Soldiers  that  flock 
"  together  about  the  City  bcdifperfed,  and  that  no 
"  new  Forces  be  raifed,  nor  any  Preparations  made 
"  for  a  new  War."     If  thefe  Particulars  are  not  com- 
plied with  in  a  Week's  Time,  they  declare  they  will 
march    to  London  and  do  rhemfelves  Juftice.     The 
Vol.  III.  D  d  Houfes 


ons  in  the 
City 


402  7/jf  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  Hi. 

K;tJg    Houfes  being  terrified  with  the  Approach  of  the  Ar- 
^y^   "my  agreed  to  content  them  for  the  prefent,  in  order 
v^^^Yxj  f°  g^'"  Time-,  and  the  impeached  Members  having 
defired    Leave    to   withdraw,    retired  firft  into  the 
V/hul.      c'fy  ^j^rj  af(_er  fome  Time  left  the  Kingdom.     The 
^^~.^"     other  Rcqueftsoftlie  Army  were  alfo  complied  with  ; 
p.  385*      upon  which,  afcer  returning  Thanks  to  the  Houfes, 
388.         they  retreated *to  JVickham,  and  appointed  Commifli- 
oners  to  fettle  all  remaining  Differences  with  the  Par- 
liament. 
Cemmoti-       But  the  City  of  London',  by  the  Influence  of  the 
impeached  Members,  kindled  into  a  Flame,  for  the 
Parliament,   by  an  Ordinance  of  M^y  4.  having  put 
the  Nomination  of  the  Officers  of  the  Militia  into  the 
Hands  of  the  Common  Council  j  Tbefe  had  difcharged 
the  old  Ones,  and  put  in  fuch  as  they  could  confide  in 
for  oppofing  the  Army,  and  eflablifhing  Uniformity 
according  to  the  Covenanl  -,    the  Officers  in  order  to 
Ibiil.        defeat    their   Dcfign    infilled,    that   the    Ordinance 
P- 5^^'     of  May  4.  be  repealed,  and  the  Militia  put  into  the 
Hands   of   thofe  who  had  conduced    ic  during  the 
Courfe  of  the  late  War.     The  Houfes,  with  much 
Relu^Vancy,  confented  to  the  Repeal  July  2^.  which 
alarm*d  the  Citizens,  and  occafioned  thofe  Tumuhs 
which  brought  upon  them  the  very  Mifchiefs  they 
were  afraid  of.     Denzil  HolliSj    with  the  other  im- 
peach'd    Members   who  were  retir'd  into  the  City, 
prevailed  with  the  Common  Council  to  oppofe  the 
Repeal,    and    petition    the   Houfe,    that  the  Ordi- 
nance of  M^^}' 4.  might  remain  in  full  Force.     At  the 
fame  Time  fome  Citizens  met  at  Skinners  Hall,  and 
fubfcribed  a  folemn  Engagement,  to  endeavour  with 
Rufhw.     the  Hazard  of  their  Lives  to  procure  "  a  perfonal 
p.  637.     ti  Treaty  v/irh  the  King  ;  —  that  he  might  return  to 
^^Fq°'     "  his  two  Houfes  with  Honour  and  Safety  ;  — that 
*'  his  Majefly's  ConcefTions  of  May  j  i.  might  be  con- 
*'  firmed,  and  the  Militia  continue  in  the  Hands  of 
"  the  prefent  Committee.'*     But  how  vain  was  all 
thisBuftle,  when  they  knew  the  King  was  in  the  Cu- 

ftody 


p.35>i. 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  Puritans.  403 

llody  of  thofe  who  would  pay  no  Regard  to  their  De-     i^'"'^ 
mands.     The  Houfes,   indeed,  forbid  the  Signing  of*^^*^'"  ^' 
x\it  Engagement  by  found  of  Trumpet,  but  fuch  was  ^^^*20 
the  mifguided  Zeal  of  the  Citizens,    that  they  held 
Aflcmblies,   lifted  SoJdiers,  and  gave  them  Orders  to 
be  ready  on  the  firft  Notice. 

The  Parli.iii:ient  was  now  in  great  Perplexity,  con-^'""*'^'^  ^^ 
fidering  tb.c   Impoffibiiity  of  contenting  the  Prefby-^^^^ /''* 
terians  and  the  Army  at  the  fame  Time  •,  but  the  Ci-^,^^^^^ 
tizens   were  refolved  to  carry    their   Point    by  one  p.  641. 
Method  or    another,    and  accordingly  went  up   toRapin, 
Wejtm'injier^  Jtd-j  26.  with  fuch  a  Number  of  Ap-P-4°4' 
prentices  and   young  Men   as  terrified  the  Houfes 
by    their    tumultuous  and   infolent  Behaviour,    for 
they  would  fcarce  fuffer  the  Door  to  be  (hut  j  fome 
thruft  themfelves  into  the  Houfe  with  their  Hats  on, 
crying  out.  Vote,  Vote  j  and  when  the  Speaker  would 
have  left  the  Chair  to  put  an  End  to  the  Confufion, 
they  obliged  him  to  return,  till  the  Militia  was  fettled 
to  their  Mind,  and  the  King  voted  to  come  to  London. 
This  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  looked  like  a  Force  upon  the 
Parliament ;  and,  indeed,  both  Houfes  were  fo  terrified 
and  prefTed  between  the  City  Prefbyterians  on  one 
fide,  and  the  Army  on  the  other,  that  they  adjourn- 
ed immediately  from  Monday  to  Friday,  in  which  In-TVhlch  cc- 
terval  the  ^2,x\o{  Manchefter,  Speaker  of  the  lioui^e'^^P"^  f^' 
of  Lords,  with  Eight  Peers ;  and  the  Speaker  of  the^j'^'f^f//* 
Houfe  of  Commons,  with  about  a  Hundred  Mem- fg  ^efire  to 
bers,  withdrew  privately  from  the  City,  and  joined  the  Army. 
the  Army  •,  a  furprizing  Event  in  thtir  Favour  !  the 
Officers  received  them  with  the  utmoft  Satisfaftion  and 
Tranfport,  paying  them  all  imaginable  Honours,  and 
alluring  them,  that  they  would  reellablifh  them  in 
their  full  Power,  or  die  in  the  Attempt.     There  muft 
furely  have  been  fome  very  prefling  Reafons  for  this 
Conduft,  otherwife  fo  many  zealous  Prefbyterians, 
as  were  moft  of  the  Members  that  quitted  the  Parlia- 
ment Houfe,   would  not  have  had    Recourfe  ro  the 
Protedion  of  the  Atmy.     Lord  Clarendon  believes, 
D  d  2  that 


404  r/6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King     that  they  apprehended  the  Army  defigncd  to  reftore 

Charles  1.  jj-^^  ^ing  to  all  his  Rights  at  this  Time,  and  that  they 

,^^/-A^  were  willing  to  avoid  his  Majefty's  Vengeance,  by 

concurring  with  them  in  his  Reiloration,  which  is  not 

unlikely,  if  they  could  have  brought  him  to  their 

Terms. 

i>rocee.iwgs     However,  the  Prefbyterian  Members  that  remain- 
0]  the  Re-  ^j  j^^  London  aiTembled  on  Friday  according  to  Ad- 
,,  .  ^^'  journment,  and  having  chofe  a  new  Speaker,  voted, 

pi  p.^?n"g  —  ^^^  ^'ng  fhbuld  come  to  London  ;  —  that  the  Ele- 
400.  '  ven  impeached  Members  ihould  be  reftored  ;  —  thaE 
Rufhw.  a  Committee  of  Safety  fliould  join  the  City  Militia^ 
P*  737-  —  and  that  Forces  fhould  be  immediately  raifed  un- 
der the  Command  of  IValkr,  Majjey^  and  Poyntz  •, 
in  all  which  they  appeared  fo  refolutc,  that  no  Man 
could  imagine  but  that  they- had  the  King  at  their 
Difpofal,  or  at  leaft  intended  a  brave  and  valiant  De- 
fence of  the  City.  The  Common  Council  gave  Or- 
ders for  the  Trained  Bands  to  repair  to  the  Works, 
and  for  all  capable  of  bearing  Arms  to  appear  at  the 
Places  of  Rendezvous.  MaJJey^  JValkr,  and  Poyjttz^ 
were  alfo  bufy  in  forming  Regiments  and  Companies ; 
and  the  Committee  of  the  Militia  were  empowered  to 
punifh  fuch  as  did  not  repair  to  their  Colours.  At  the 
fame  Time  they  writ  to  their  Brethren  in  Scotland^  to 
return  with  their  Army  immediately  to  their  Afli- 
ftance ',  bur,  alas !  they  were  at  too  great  a  Diftance  ; 
however,  they  publifhed  a  Declaration  in  the  Name 
of  the  Kirk  and  whole  Kingdom,  Aug.  13.  wherein 
they  engage,  by  a  folemn  Oath,  to  eftablifli  the 
Prefbyterian  Government  in  England;  —  to  redeem 
his  Majefty  out  of  the  Hands  of  Schifmaticks,  and 
place  him  at  the  Head  of  his  Parliament  with  Ho- 
nour j  —  to  vindicate  the  Honour  of  the  Eleven  im- 
peached Members,  and  to  fettle  the  Privileges  of 
Parliament  againft  the  over  awing  Power  of  the  Ar- 
my. A  little  after  they  declared  againft  ^'olcration 
'3,iA<i'JLiberty  of  Confdence,  refolving  to  the  lafl.  Man  to 
; . ii  ftand 


I 


Chap.  VIII.   of  t/je  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  40^ 

fland  by  the  Covenant  whatever  the  EngiiJJj  Parliament     Kir.g 

might  iubmit  to.  Charles  I. 

According  to  the  Order  of  the  Two  Houfes,  the,^Jf^t^ 
General  had  removed  his  Head  Quarters  above  Forty  ^j,,;;.  ,.g. 
Miles  from  the  City,  but  upon  the  Reprefentatinn  o\folvcto 
the  Members  who  fled  to  them  for  Protection  from'^-''"''^^-"'^ 
the  outragious  Violence  of  the  City  Mob,  they  re-^-''''*^°"" 
folved  to  pufli  their  Advantage,  and  bring  tlie  Mu-^"^*"'* 
lineers    to    Jufliice;    accordingly   they    refolved    to-.^'^^* 
march  to  London^  and  rendezvoused  the  whole  Ar- 
my on  HounfJozu   Heath,    -^ngujl  3.    to  the  Number 
of  twenty  Thoufand   Men,     with   a  fuirable   Train 
of  Artillery,    accompanied    with    Fourteen    Peers, 
and  ^bout    one   Hundred   Members  of  the  Houfe 
of  Commons.     The    Citizens    were    no   fooner    in- 
formed of  this  but  their  Courage  funk  all  at  once, 
and  inftead  of  defending  the  City,  they  ordered  the 
Militia  to  retire  from  the  Lines,  and  fent  their  Sub- 
miflion  to  the  General,  promifing  to  open  their  Paf- 
fes,  and  give  all  Affiftance  to  the  replacing  of  thofe 
Members  that  had  withdrawn  to  the  Army.     /lug.  (>cHyinh- 
being  appointed  for  this  Service  the  Mayor  and  Alder-""'^:[' 
men  met  the  General  at  Hide  Park  with  a  Prefent  of   ^    ^^' 
a  Gold  Cup,    befeeching  him   to   excufe  what  had  7*^6. 
been  amifs  •,    but   his  Excellency  refufed  the  Prefenty 
and  having  difmiffed  them  with  very  little  Ceremony, 
conducted    the    Members    to   their  Seats  in   Parlia- 
ment,   who  immediately  voted    all    Proceedings  in 
their  Abfence  void,  and  gave  Thanks  to  the  Army 
for  their  Safe-Condu(5l.    Next  Day  the  Army  march- 
ed through  the  City  without  any  Diforder,  and  con- 
flituted  Colonel  Tilchburn  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower, 
contrary  to  the  Requefb  of  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Citi- 
zens ;    the  Militia  was  changed,    and   put  into  the 
Hands  of  the  old  Officers  who  had  conducted  it  be- 
fore ;  the  Fortifications  and  Lines  of  Circumvallation 
a"bout  the  City  were  levell'd,  and  fundry  Peers  who 
had  been  at  the  Head  of  the  late  Tumults,  were  im- 
peached of  High'Treafon,    as  the  Earl  of  Suffolk, 
D  d  3  Middle-^ 


^06  r/j^  HISTORY  Vol.111. 

King    Middlefex,    Lincoln,     Lord   PVilloughby    of    Parham, 
Charles  ^' Hundjbn,  &c.    the  Lord  Mayor,    and  fome  of  the 
K,^r\r^  principal   Citizens,  were  fenc  to  the  Tower  •,  and  it 
was  refolved  to  purge  the  Houfe  of  all  that  had  been 
adlive  in  the  late  unhappy  Riot  i    which  put  a  full 
Period  to  the  Prcfbyterian  Power  for  the  prefent ; 
the  Army  being  quarter'd  near  the  City  all  the  next 
Winter,  there  was  a  Council  of  Officers  at  their  head 
Qiiarters  at  Putney,-  whofe  Debates  and  Refolutions 
had,  no  doubt,  a  very  powerful  Influence  upon  the 
Refolutions  of  the  two  Houfes. 
Prcsbytc-       xhe  Odium  of  this  grand  Revolution,  by  which 
^^wS'-^^^  Army  became  Matters  of  the  City  of  London,  and 
cltLn  of   of  the  Parliament  it  felf,  fell  chiefly  on  the  Pre/iyie- 
ikenifel'des.rians  themfelves,  whofe  intemperate  Zeal  for  Cove- 
nant Uniformity  carried  them  10  very  impolitick  Ex- 
ceflfes :  The  Sermons  of   their  Minifters  were  filled 
'  with  Invectives  againft  the  Army  while  at  a  Difl:ance. 
In  their  publick  Prayers  they  er;treated  the  Almighty 
to  incline  the  Hearts  of  the  Scots  to  return  to  their 
Relief ;  and  the  Converfation  of  their  People  was  rio- 
tous and  diforderly  •,    but  leafl  the  Weight  of  this 
Revolution  lliould  fall  too  heavily  on  the  London  Mi- 
nillers,  as  the  chief  Incendiaries  of  the  People,  they 
wifely    prepared    a  Vindication   of  themfelves,    and 
publiflied  it  Four  Days  before  the  Army  enter*d  the 
City  i  it  was  dated  from  Sion  College,  Auguft  2.   1647. 
and  is  to  this  Purpofe  j 

*'  \lkJ  ^  ^^^  Minifl:ers  of  London,  whofe  Names 
"  V  V  are  fubfcribed,  do  profefs  in  the  Prefence 
"  of  the  Searcher  of  all  Hearts, 

1.  '^  That  we  have  never  done  any  Thing  pur- 
*'  pofely  and  wittingly  to  engage  the  City  againll  the 
"  Army,  or  the  Army  againft  the  City,  but  have 
*^  fincepely  and  faithfully  endeavoured  to  prevent  it. 

2.  "  That  feeing  both  the  Parliament  and  City 
*'  have  declared  the  NecefTity  of  putting  the  City 
^'  into  a  prcfenc  Poflure  of  Defence,  yet  protefting 

**  againlt 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  Puritans.  407 

*'  againft  any  Dcfires  of  a  new  War,  and  thereupon     Kint^ 
**  have  called  upon  us  to  ftir  up  the  People  to  pre-*-^^*^'*-'^ 
**  pare  for  their  Defence  ;  we  accordinoly  have  done,  .^J-st^ 
"  and  fhall  do  our  Duty  therein,  that   the  People 
*'  may  be  encouraged  to  their  own  juft  and  necefTary 
•'  Prefcrvation. 

3.  "  But  withal,  we  profefs  our  Abhorrence  of  the 
'*  fhedding  any  Blood  on  either  Side;  and  we  humbly 
*'  pray  all  whom  ic  may  concern,  that  they  will  be  very 
*'  careful  in  preventing  it  by  afeafonable  Treaty." 

Signed  by  about  Twenty  of  the  London  Miniftcrs, 
and  prefented  to  a  Committee  of  both  Houfcs,  lut- 
ing at  Guild-ball. 

Let  the  Reader  now  paufe  a  little,  and  judge  o^^emarh. 
the  Authors  of  this  grand  Revolution,  which  brought 
the  Parliament  under  the  Power  of  the  Army,  and  how 
far  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  v/ere  concern'd  in  it. 
Mr.  Baxter  in  a  very  angry  Stile  Jays  all  the  Blame 
at  the  Door  of  the  hidepe7idant5.     *'  A  few  diffenting^^*"-  Bai- 
"  Members  of  the  fFe/lminfter  Synod  (fays  hej  ht-^"'^  ^P^' 
"  gan  all  this,  and   carried   it  far  on.     Afterwards  ^    ! 
"  they-^ncreafed,  and  others  joined  them,  who  part-         °' . 
*'  ly    by  Stiffnefs,  and  partly  by  Policy,  encreafed 
"  our  Flames,  and  kept  open  our  Wounds,  as  if  there 
"  had  been  none  but  they  confiderable  in  the  World, 
"  and  having  an  Army  and  Ci/y  Agents  fit  to  fecond 
*'  them,  efFe<ftually  hinder*d  all  Remedy,  till  they 
"  had  dafli'd  all  into  Pieces  as  a  broken  Glafs.    One 
"  would  have  thought,  that  if  all  their  Opinions  had 
"  been  certainly  true,  and  their  Church-Order  good, 
"  yet  the  Intereft  of  Chrifl  and  the  Souls  of  Men, 
"  and  of  greater  Truths,  Ihould  have  been  fo   re- 
"  garded  by  the  Dividers  in  England,  as  that  the  Safe- 
*'  ty  of  all  thefc  fhould  have  been  preferred,  and  not 
*'  all  ruined,   rather  than  their  Way  (liould  want  its 
"   carnal  Arm  and  Liberty  -,  and  that  they  (hould  not 
**  tear  the  Government  of  Chrid  all  to  Pieces  rather 
'^  than  it  Ihould  want  their  Lace^^     I  am  far  from 

D  d  4  clearing 


40^  r^^HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King    clearing  the  Independants  from  ail  manner  of  Blame 
Charles  l.\^  ^j^^jj.  Co^dud  ;  their  Principles  might  be  too  nar- 
^^^^-^^row  and  miftaken  in  fome  Points,  and  their  Zeal  for 
Chriftian  Liberty  betray  them  into  fome  Impruden- 
cies.     But  on  which  Side  was  the  Stiffnefs  ?  On  theirs 
who  only  defired  a  peaceable  Toleration  •,  Or  on 
theirs  who  were  determined  to  make  the  whole  Na- 
tion floop  to  Prefbyterian  Uniformity  ?    Were  not 
thefe  the  Men  that  kept  open  the  Churches  Wounds? 
Had  their  Difcipline  been  never  ^o  good,  yet  certain- 
ly  they  might  have  had  fome  Regard  to  Men  of 
.^ual  P/ety  and  Virtue,  that  could  not  fee  with  their 
Eyes  ;  could  they  not  be  content  with  being  the  Efta- 
bliflied  Religion,   and  having  moft  of  the  Livings  of 
the  Kingdom  divided  among  them,    but  they  muft 
fubvert  the  religious  Rights  of  Mankind,  by  enfor- 
cing an   abfolute  Uniformity,    which  can  never  be 
maintained  but  upon  the  Ruins  of  a  good  Confcience, 
nor  promote  the  true  Intereft  of  Chrift  and  Salvation 
of  Souls  ?  Mr.  Baxter  had  milder  Sentiments  in  his 
latter  Days  ;  and  'tis  for  the  Honour  of  the  prefent 
Generation  of  thofe  commonly  called  Prejh\terians^ 
that  they  have  not  only  abandoned,  and  renounced 
thefe  fervile  Doftrines,  but  have  appeared  in  Defence 
of  the  Civil  and  Religious  Liberties  of  Mankind  up- 
on the  mofl  folid  and  generous  Principles. 
'■iheK'ngf     His  Majefiy  was  obliged  all  this  Time  to  attend 
xoncns     i\^Q  Removes  of  the  Army  -,    from  Nezv-Market  he 
j'/^"^   came  lo  Ro-j ft  on  ^  June  %^.  from  thence  to  Hatfield -^ 
from  thence  to  H^indfor,  and  Two  Days  after  to  Cave- 
fibam,  where  he  had  the  Pleafure  of  converfing  with 
his  Children.    But  when'the  City  of  London  threaten'd 
a  new  W^ar  his  Majelly  was  removed  to  a  o-reater  Di- 
fiance  j  about  the  Middle  of  Jiil^  he  was  at  Maiden- 
bead -•>  and  towards  the  End  of  the  Month  at  Laii- 
mer*s  in  Buckingham/hire;   when  the  Army   had  got 
Pofleffion  of  the  City  they  brought  his  Majefty  back 
to  Oatland's,  Aug.  14.  an  J  Two  Days  after  to  Hamp- 
ion-Court^  where  he  continued  in  State  and  Luftre  for 

about 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  Puritans.'  409 

about  Three  Months,  being  attended  by  the  proper     King 
Officers  of  the  Court,  and  a  vail  Refort  ot  People ^^'*'''"  f- 
both  from  City  and  Country.  v-i^/iL/ 

While  the  King  was  with  the  Army,  Lieutenant  £.G.Cj-om- 
General  Crc/tnivcli ^nd  Ireton  took  fundry  Opportunities  well  and 
to  confer  with  his  Majefty  privately  about  his  Reftora-^'^fon'-^ 
tion.     They  ofFer'd  to  fet  him  upon  the  Throne  ^'^^fj'f;.^''^' 
the  Freedom  of  his  Confcience  in  point  of  Epift-'op^'Duodale's 
cy,  or  Jofe  their  Lives  in  the  Attempt,  if  he  would  Trouble  1  of 
confent  to  their  Propofals  to  the  Parliament,  and  be- England. 
Itow  fome  particular  Preferments  on  themfelves,  andP-i^4' 
a  few  of  their  Friends,  wifhing  that  God  would  deal 
with  them  and  their  Families  according  to  their  Sin- 
cerity.    Nay   they  engaged  to  indemnify  his  whole Hh  Maje- 
Parly  if  they  would  be  quiet.  Sir  J. Berkley^  the  King's/^''  ^'- 
Agent,  entreated  his  Majefty  in  the  mofi  earneft  and^^^*^" 
fubmiffive  Manner,  to  accept  the  faid  Propofal,  con- 
fidering  the  State  of  his  Affairs,  but  the  King  treated 
them  with  a  diftant  Referve,  and  faid,  if  they  intend- 
ed an  Accommodation  they  would  not  impofe  fuch 
Conditions  upon  him.     Sir  J.  Berkley  faid,  He  fhould 
fufpeft  they  defigned  to  abufe  him  if  they  had  de- 
manded lefs  i  and  that  a  Crown  fo  near  loft  was  never 
recovered  upon  more  eafy  Terms.     But  Mr.  AJhburn- 
ham^  who  came  with  Inllru(5lions  from  France^  fell  in 
with  the  King's  Humour,   and  encouraged   him  to 
{land  his  Ground,  relying  upon  an  ill  judged  Maxim 
which  his  Majefty  had  received,  and  which  his  beft 
Friends  could  not  make  him  depart  from  (w;::.)  that 
it  was  in  his  Power  to  turn  the  Scale,  and  that  the  Party  R-^fhw^. 
7nuji  fink  which  be  abandoned.     This  was  his  Ruin,  and^'   ^"^^ 
made  him  play  between  both,  till  neither  would  truft 
him.     When  the  Parliament  brought  their  Propofiti- 
jons  he  put  them  in  mind  of  the  Offers  of  the  Army  ; 
and  when  thefe  came  with  their  Propofals  in  the  moft 
refpeftful  Manner  he  put  on  a  Frown  and  faid,  "  I^^''^' 
*'  fhall  fee  you  glad,  e'er  long,   to  accept  more  equal  _,^"1'^J' 
*'  Terms;  you  cannot  be  without  me -,  you  will  fall  *  '^ 
?'  tQ  Ruin  if  i  do  not  fuftain  you  5  no  Man  fhall  fuf- 

<«fer 


410  ^         r/:^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         VolIII. 

King    "  fer  for  my  fake  ♦,  the  ChuKch  mufl  be  eflablifhed 
Charles  I.«<  according  to  Law  I—**     The  OfHcers  were  con- 
^Jf  47^  fcfunded  at  this  Language.     Sir  (fays  Sir  J.  Berkley) 
^^ich^  yo"  fpeak  as  if  you  had  fome  fecret  Strength,  which 
proves  his  fince  you  have  concealed  from  me,  I  wifh  you  had 
RHiti'       concealed  from  thefe  Men.  After  divers  Conferences  of 
this  kind  to  no  purpofe,  Cromwell  told  him  plainly,  Sir, 
fVe  perceive  you  have  a  Dejign  to  he  Arbitrator  between  the 
Parliament  and  us ',  but  we  now  dejign  to  be  the  fame  be- 
tween  jour  Majejiy  and  the  Parliament.  This  fludtuating 
p.  i7i.     Temper  (fays  Bifhop  Kennet)  was  the  King's  Ruin, 
which  he  repented  of  v;hen  it  was  too  late.     Mr. 
Wbitlock  fays,    the  King's    Bifiiops   perfwaded  him 
againft  what  he  was  enclined  to  in  his  own  Judgment, 
and  thereby  ruined  him  and  chemfelves. 
Reafons  of    When  the  Officers  found  they  could  make  no  Im- 
the  Army  si^j: t^ions  on  the  King,  and  had  difcovered  his  fecret 
deferting    Correfpondcncc  with  the  Queen,  they  withdrew  from 
t  e  Ktr.g.  Q^^^^^  which  raifed  Sufpicions  in  his  Majefty's  Mind 
of  fome  fecret  Defign  upon  his  Life,  and  put  him  on 
attempting  to  efcape  out  of  their  Hands.     'Tis  very 
certain  that  Cromwell  withdrew  his  Parole  of  Honour 
for  the  King's  Safety,  and  fent  him  Word  a  few  Days 
•before  he  left  Hampton  Courts  that  he  would  not  be 
anfwerable  any  longer  for  any  Thing  that  might  be- 
fal  him,    which  was  owing  to  a  Difcovery  he  had 
made  of  the  King's  Infincerity  in  treating  with  him. 
Beted.      Mr.  Coke  fays.  There  was  a  Report  at  that  Time, 
P-  5-3'     and  he  is  confident,  that  in  Time  it  will  appear,  that 
in  the  Army's  Treaty  with  the  King,  Cromwell  had 
made  a  private  Article  of  Advantage  for  himfelf,  but 
the  King  not'  allowing  himfelf  to  conclude  any  Thing 
c:ompl.      without  the  Queen,  writ  her  Word,  "  That  if  he 
Hut.         «4  confented  to  thofe  Propofals  it  would  be  cafier  to 
P-  ^7-     ^^  ^^^^  ^g-  Qromwell  afterwards  than  now  he  was  at 
*'  the  Head  of  the  Army."     Which  Letter  Cromwell 
intercepted.     Bifhop  Kennet_  fays,   "  That  it  was  rc- 
"  ported,  that  Cromwell  was  to  have  ten  Thoufand 
*'  Pounds  and  a  Garter;   and  that  the  Bargain  had 

"  cer- 


Chap.  VIII.    of  the  Fv  RITA  us.  411 

'  certainly  taken  EfFe(5V,  if  the  King  had  not  made     King 
'  an  Apology  to  the  Queen,  and  fufficiently  implied, Charles  I. 
'  that  he  did  it  by  Conftraint,  and  that  when  he  was^f^^ 
'  at  Liberty,  and  in  Power,  he  fliould  think  himfelf  ^'"^''^^^^ 

*  difcharged  from  the  Obligation.  This  Letter  was 
'  fewed  up  in  the  Skirt  of  a  Saddle  to  be  fent  to 
'  France  ;  but  Cromwell  and  Ireton  having  Informa- 
'  tionof  it  went  to  an  Inn  in  tlolborn  and  feized  the 

'  Letter. "  Dv.Lane,  of  the  Commons,  frequcnt- 

y  declared,  "  That  he  had  feen  this  original  Letter  ; 
'  that  he  knew  it  to  be  the  King's  own  Hand,  and 

*  that  the  Contents  were  as  above.'*     Another  Wri-  Hift. 
ter  fays,  that  the  Letter  mentioned  his  Majefty's  being^^"^'"» 
courted  by  the  Scots  Prefbyterians  as  well  as  the  Ar-^*  '^'^* 
my,  and  that  they  that  bid  faireft  for   him  fhould 
have  him.     Upon  the  Difcovery  of  this  Letter  Crom- 
well went  to  Mr.   Afhhumham^     who  attended  the 
King's  Perfon,  and  told  him,  that  he  was  now  jaUJ- 

fied  the  King  could  not  he  trujled  ;  that  he  had  no  Confi- 
dence in  the  Arfn-jy  but  was  jealous  of  them  and  their  Of- 
ficers —  that  he  had  Treaties  with  the  City  PreJbyterianSy 
and  with  the  Scots  Commiffioners^  to  engage  the  JSIation 
again  in  Bloody  and  that  therefore  he  could  not  be  anfwer- 
able  if  any  'Thing  fell  out  contrary  to  Expe^ation.  Sir 
Richard  Baker ^  \s/[r.Coke^  and  others,  are  of  Opinion, 
that  till  this  Time  Cromwell  and  Ireton  were  hearty 
and  zealous  for  eftablifhing  the  King,  and  oppofing 
the  Levellers  which  began  to  arife  in  the  Army,  but 
that  after  this  Difcovery  they  forfook  him,  as  did  the 
reft  of  the  chief  Officers,  who  feldom  came  to  Court : 
The  Guards  alfo  changed  their  Language,  and  faid,  that 
God  had  hardened  the  King's  Heart ,  and  blinded  his  Eyes. 

Under   thefe    Circumftances    the    unhappy  Kingx/^^ 
left  Hampton  Courts  Nov.  11.  at  Night,  and  having cA''/'^' 
croffcd  the  Thames^  took  Horfe  in  Company  with  Sir-(7'^  ,„. 
/.  Berkeley^   IVlr.  Leg,  and  Mr.  Ajhburnbam^  and  nextcourc- 
Morning  arrived  at  Titchfield  Houfe^   where  he  ftay'd  j^ufhw. 
while  Leg  went  over  to  the  Ifie  of  ^ight,  to  treat  with  p.  920, 
Colonel  Ha?nmondj  the  Governor,  about  the  Safety  e^o. 

of 


412  r/&^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Kifjg    of  his  Perfon,    who,  without  any  Treaty,  brought 
Charles  I- i\\q  Governor  to  the  Houfe  where  his  Majefty  was, 
yJ^^r^  upon  which  the  unhappy  King  faid.  He  was  hetrafd', 
'jjw</?j«K-as  indeed  he  was  in  all  his  Affairs.     Hammond  carried 
fnedintheh'im  over  to  the  IJle  Nov.  13.  and  after  fome  Time 
Ilk  of      fhut  him  up  in  Carijbrook  Cajile,  where  his  Majefty 
Wight,      remained  almoft  a  Year  with  but  one  or  two  Servants, 
having  little  or  no  Converfation  with   the  World, 
nor  any  Thing  to  do,   but  to  contemplate  on  the  Un- 
certainty of  all  human  Affairs,  and  on  the  miferable 
Circumllances  that  Divine  Providence,  and  his  own 
imprudent  Conduct  had  reduced  him  to. 
propcfals        Let  US  now  attend  to  the  Propofals  of  the  feveral 
cfibeAr-  p^r^jes  for  fettling  the  Peace  of  the  Nation  :  As  foon 
^^*„         as  the  Army  had  got  Poifeffion  of  the  City  of  London^ 
V  7?<r'     ^^^y  "^'^'^*^  ^^^  following  Propofals  to  the  two  Houfes. 
Rapinj      With  regard  to  Religion,  "  That  an  Ad  be  palled 
P  416,     *'  to  take  away  all  coercive  Power  and  Jurifdidion  of 
418.         tc  BiOiops  extending  to  any  Civil  Penalties  upon  any. 

*« That  there  be  a  Repeal  of  all  Ads,  orClau- 

"  fes  of  Ads,  enjoining  the  Ufe  of  the  Common 
"  Prayer,  and  impofing  any  Penalty  for  negled 
"  thereof,  and  for  not  coming  to  Church,  or  for 
"  meeting  elfewhere.  —  Tfiat  the  taking  of  the 
'-^  Covenant  be  not  enforced  upon  any,  but  that  all 
<«  Orders  and  Ordinances  tending  to  that  Purpofe  be 
«'  repealed."  With  regard  to  the  State,  "  —  That 
*'  the  Militia  and  great  Offices  be  difpofed  of  by  Par- 
"  liament  for  ten  Years,  and  after  that  the  Houfes 
"  to  nominate  Three,  out  of  which  the  King  to 
"  choofe  One.  — —  That  there  be  Ads  of  Indemnity 
*'  and    Revocation  of  all   Declarations  againft   the 

"  Proceedings  of  Parliament That  the  prefent 

*•'  unequal,  and  troublefome,  and  contentious  Way 
*•  of  Minifters  Maintenance   by  Ttlhcs  be  confider'd 

'•'■  of,  and  fome  Remedy  applied. That  none 

'*  may  be  obliged  to  accufe  themfelvcs  or  Relations 
*'  in  criminal  Caufes  ;  and  no  Man's  L.ife  taken  away 
^'  under  two  Witaeifcs.  *.—.  Tiiac   Confideration   be 

"  had 


Chap.  VIII.   (?/ //7^  P  u  R  I  TAN  s.  413 

*'  had  of  all  Statutes,  Laws,  or  Cuftoms  of  Corpo-     King 
**  rations,  impofing  any  Oaths  tending  to  moleft  or^^*'"'"  f- 
*'  enlhare  religious  and  peaceable  People  meerly  ^of  vJ-xJiL/ 
"  Non-Conformity  in  Religion.  —  That  the  arbi-^^^^' 
*'  trary  Power  given  to  Committees,  and  Deputy- 
*'  Lieutenants,  be  recalled." 

After  feveral  Debates  upon  thefe  Propofals  with  vq- Agreement 
gard  to  Religion,  the  Lords  agreed,  Ocl.  12.  "  that^/'^^ 
**  the  King  be  defined  to  give  his  Confent  to  the  fet-"'"':'^' 
"  tling  the  Prefbyterial Government  for  Three  Years,     ^  ^' 
"  with  a  Provifion,   that  no  Perfon  fhall  be  liable  to  * 
'*  any  Penalty  for  Non-Conformity  to  the  faid  Go-  , 

"  vcrnment,  or  Form  of  Divine  Service  j  but  fuch 
*'  Perfons  fhall  have  liberty  to  meet  for  the  Service 
"  an  J  Worfhip  of  God,  and  for  Exercife  of  Religi- 
*'  ous  Duties  and  Ordinances  in  any  fit  and  conveni- 
"  ent  Places,  fo  as  nothing  be  done  by  them  to  the 
"  Difturbancc  of  the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom.  Provi- 
*'  ded  this  fhall  nor  be  conflrued  to  extend  to  a  Tole- 
"  ration  of  the  Popifh  Religion,  nor  to  exempt  Po- 
"  pifh  Recufants  from  any  Penalties  impofed  upofj 
"  them  for  the  Exercife  of  the  fame.  Nor  fhall  it 
"  extend  to  the  Toleration  of  any  Thing  contrary  to 
"  the  Principles  of  the  Chriftian  Religion,  contained 
"  in  the  Apojiles  Creed,  as  it  is  expounded  in  theFif- 
*'  teen  firll  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England^  as 
**  they  have  been  cleared  and  vindicated  by  the  Af- 
"  fembly  of  Divines  now  fitting  at  IVepninJier  -,  nor 
*'  of  any  Thing  contrary  to  fuch  Points  of  Faith,  for 
*'  the  Ignorance  whereof  Men  are  to  be  kept  from 
"  the  Sacrament,  according  to  the  Ordinance  of 
"  0^.20.  1645.  Nor  flnll  it  extend  to  excufe  any 
*'  Perfons  from  the  Penalties  of  i  Eliz.  cap.  2.  for  not 
*'  coming  to  hear  the  Word  of  God  on  the  Lord's  Day 
*'  in  any  Farifli  Church  or  Chapel,  unlefs  he  can  fhew 
"  a  realbnable  Caufe  for  his  Abfence,  or  that  he  was 
"  prcfent  to  hear  the  Word  of  God  preached  or  ex- 
[^  pounded  elfewhere," 

The 


4^4  T';?'^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King        The  C<9WW(?«5  likewife  agreed,  "  That  Prefbytery 
Charles  I.  tc  ^g  eftablilhed  till  the  End  of  the  next  Seffions  of 
,^jS^^  "  Parliament,  or  till  the  fecond  Seffions  •,  that  the 
And  of  the  "  Tenths,   and  all  other  Maintenance  belonging  to 
Commons.  "  any  Church  or  Chapel  fhall  be  only  for  the  Ufe  of 
*'  them  who  can  fubmit  to  the  Prefbyterial  Govern- 
*«  menr,  and  none  other.     That  Liberty  of  Confci- 
*'  cnce  fhall  extend  to  none  who  fhall  print,  preach, 
"  or  publifh,    contrary  to  the  firfl  Fifteen  Articles 
«*  of  the  Thirty  nine,  except  the  Eighth,  relating  to  the 
Ruftiw.    tt  Three  Creeds.     That  nothing  contained  in  this  Or- 
p.841.     <<  finance  fliall  extend  to  Popifh  Recufants.**  05l.i^. 
they  agreed  further,    "  That  fuch  tender  Confcien- 
*'  ces  fhould  be  freed,  by  way  of  Indulgence,  from 
**  the  Penalty  of  the  Statute  for  the  Prefbyterian 
**  Government,  for  their  Non-Conformity,  who  do 
*'  meet  in  forne  other  Congregation  for  the  Worfhip 
*'  of  God  on  the  Lord's  Day,  and  do  nothing  againft 
*'  the  Laws  and  Peace  of  the  Kingdom,    and  that 
**  none  others  fhall  be  freed  from  the  Penalty  of  the 
"  Statute  of  I   Eliz.  cap.  2.'*     OElohcr  16.  the  Com- 
Ibid.        mor.s  voted,  *'  That  the  Indulgence  granted  to  ten- 
p.  841.     "  der  Confciences  fhould  not  extend  to  tolerate  the 
*'  Ufe  of  Common  Prayer  in  any  part  of  the  King- 
"  dom.*'  Which  was  againfi:  the  Senfe  of  the  Army, 
who  were  for  a  general  Indulgence,  as  appears  from 
the  Declaration  of  the  Agitators,  dated  November  i.  in 
lb.  p.  160.  which  they  fay,  that"  Matters  of  Religion,  and  the 
"  Ways  of  God's  Worfliip  are  not  at  all  intruded 
"  by  us  to  any  human  Power,  becaufe  therein  we 
"  cannot  omit,  or  exceed  a  Tittle  of  what  our  Con- 
''  fciences  diftate  to  be  the  Mind  of  God,    without 
*'  wilful  Sin  ;    neverthelefs,  the  publick  Way  of  in- 
«•  ftrufting  the  Nation,    fo  it  be  not  com pul five,  is 
«*  left  to  their  Difcretion.'*     Kere  wr.s  a  fair  Plan  of 
Accommodation,   bur  no  Ordinance  was  brought  into 
the  Houfe  to  confirm  thefe  P.efolutions.    Novemher  8. 
both  Houfes  agreed  to  the  Addition  offome  new  Pro- 
pofitions.     As, 
2  I.  "  For 


Chap. VIII.   o/'//j^  Puritans:  41^ 

1.  "  ForthedueObfervadonof  the  Lord's  Day.       King 

2.  *'  Againll:  Innovations  in  Religion.  Charles  r. 

3.  "   A  new  Oath  for  the  Convidtion  of  Papifts.       y^J^ill, 

4.  *'  For  the  Education  of  the  Children  of  Papifts^'^^''^*' 
"  in  the  Proteftant  Religion. 

5.  "  Againft  Pluralities." 

The  Propofals  of  the  Pre/l/ykriaNS  were  the  famePr(j,^o/j// 
with  thofe  of  NezvcdjUe,  already  mentioned;  but"/'^* 
whereas  the  Kingdeclined  to  accept  them  without  a  per- ^^.'^"'^y^-' 
fonal  Treaty,  they  determined,  in  the  Houfe  of  Com-"*"** 
mons,  to  put  them  into  four  Bills,  which  if  his  Ma- 
jefty  refufed  to  fign  as  Preliminaries,  they  determined 
to  fettle  the  Nation  without  him  -,  but  before  they 
were  perfected  the  King  withdrew  from  Hampton 
Court,  and  was  fecured  in  the  IJle  of  Wight,  where  the 
CommilTioners  from  the  Two  Houfes  waited  on  him, 
and  tendered  him  the  following  Bills,  December  24. 
the  Fir(l  was  for  fettling  the  Militia,  as  has  been  rela- 
ted. The  5(?ro;/J  tor  calling  in  all  his  Majelly's  De- 
clarations and  Proclamations  againft  the  Two  Houfes, 
and  thofe  that  adher'd  to  them.  The  Third  to  difqua- 
lify  thofe  Peers  from  fitting  in  the  Houfe,  that  had 
been  created  after  the  Great  Seal  had  been  conveyed  to 
Oxford.  The  Fourth  to  impower  the  Two  Houfes 
to  adjourn,  as  they  fhould  think  fit.  In  Matters  of 
Religion  they  infifted  peremptorily  on  the  Eftablifli- 
ment  of  the  Prejh^terian  Church  Government  upon 
the  Ruins  of  the  Prelatical  *,  upon  the  Extirpation  of 
all  Sectaries  ;  and  upon  Covenafit  V?nfor?nity  in  both 
Nations,  as  will  appear  more  fully  hereafter.  But 
the  King,  inftead  of  figning  the  Preliminaries,  infifted 
ftrenuoufly  on  a  perfonal  Treaty,  which  it  was  hardly 
reafonable  for  him  to  expecl,  when  he  had  fo  lately 
attempted  to  efcapeout  of  their  Hands,  and  now  refu- 
fed to  yield  any  Thing  in  order  to  make  way  for  ir. 

It  had  not  been  poflibie  to  unriddle  the  Myftery  ofMotii-eof 
this  Efcape  if  it  had  not  appeared  foon  after,  that  the''''^  Ktr^s 
Kins  was  at  that  very  Time  throwin.^;  himfelf  into  the/''''^fr 
Hands  of  the  Scots,    who  being  offended  with  the  Par-courc. 

liament 


4i6  *r/&^  H I S  t  O  R Y         Vol. Ilf. 

Kifjg    liament  ( now   under   the  Influence  of  the  Army ) 
Charles  I.  for  noc  adling  in   Concert  with  them  in  the  pre- 
yL  J^  fent  Treaty,  according  to  their  Covenant^  determined 
to  manage  privately  by  themfelves  ;  and  according- 
ly, by  the  Mediation  of  feme  of  their  own  Nation, 
they  concluded  a  fecrer  Treaty  with  the  King,  which 
was  began  before  his  Majefty  left  Hampton  Court,  but 
not  figned  till  the  27th  of  Z)(?^«?;?2^<?r  following,  three 
Days  after  his  Majefty's  Refufal  of  the  Parliament's 
Vol.111.    Four  Bills.     "  This  Alliance  (fays  Lord  Clarendon) 
p.  104,     «t  ^1^35  ^Q^  fcandalous  and  derogatory  to  the  Honour 
°^'        *'  and  Incereft  of  the  £;z^/i/?>  Nation,  and  would  have 
*'  been  abominated  if  known  and  underftood  by  all 
"  Men.'*  But  Rapin  thinks  it  not  fo  monftrous  on  the 
Part  of  the  Scots  as  his  Lordfhip  reprefcnts,  fince  they 
yielded  to  the  Eftablifhment  of  their  beloved  Prefby- 
tery  in  England  but  for  Three  Years,  but  it  laid  the 
Foundation  of  the  King's  Ruin  with  the  Army. 
Private         In  the  Preamble  his   Majefty  gives   *'  a  favour-* 
Treaty      <t  able  Tcftimony  \.o  x.\\t  Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 
^itb  the    jt     ^^  J.Q  jj^g        jj  Intentions  of  thofe  that  enter'd  into 
Scots* 
_    .*       "  it."  In  the  Treaty  "  He  obliges  himfelf  to  confirm 

'  "  the  Covenant  by  Adl  of  Parliament  as  foon  as  he  can 
"  do  it  with  Honour  and  Freedom  in  both'King- 
*«  doms ;  with  a  Provifo,  that  none  that  were  un- 
"  willing  Ihould  be  obliged  to  take  it  for  the  future. 
*'  He  engages  further,  to  confirm  by  A61  of  Parlia- 
"  ment  the  Prefbyterial  Government  in  England, 
*«  the  Diredlory  for  publick  Worfhip,  and  the  Af- 
*'  fembly  of  Divines  fdr  Three  Years  only,  with  li- 
*«  berty  for  himfelf  and  his  Houfhold  to  ufe  that 
"  Form  of  Divine  Service  they  had  formerly  pra6li- 
*'  fed  •,  and  that  during  the  Three  Years  there  fhould 
*'  be  a  Confultation  with  the  AlTembly  of  Divines, 
"  to  whom  Twenty  of  the  King's  Nomination  (hould 
"  be  added,  and  feme  from  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
'*  to  determine  what  Form  of  Church  GovernmenC 
"  fhould  be  eilablifhcd  afterwards — "  Then  fol- 
lows a  Scourge  for  the  Army  5  "  — That  an  ejfc^fHal 

*'  Courfe 


p.  441. 


Chap.VIII.   of //;^  Pu  R  I  TANS.  417 

*'  Coiirfe  Jljould  be  taken  to  fupprejs  the  Opinions  of  the    K'ng 
*'  jinti-^rinitarianSi    Arians,     SocinianSy     Artninians,^^^^^'^^  ^^ 
«*  Independants^  Browmjls,    Antino?nianSy ,  Anabapiifls,  \J^^1^ 
*'  Separalijls^  Seders  •,  and  in  general,   all  Blafphemy, 
"  Herefjy    Scbifm,  and  other  Do^rines  contrary  to  the 
*'  known  Principles  of  Chrijlianity^  whether  concenmig 
"  Faith^  IVor/Jjip^  Converj'alion,  or  the  Pozver  of  Godli- 
•'  nefe,  or  which  may  he defiruolive  to  Order  and  Govern- 
•*  meyil^  or  io  the  Peace  of  the  Church  and  Kingdom** 

In  return  for  thcfe  Concefllons  "  [he  Scots  engaged 
"  to  raife  an  Army  to  deliver  his  Majcfty  cue  of 
**  Capriviry,  to  alTert  his  Right  to  the  Militia,  the 
"  Great  Seal,  the  negative  Voice  in  Parliament ; 
*'  and,  in  a  Word,  to  reftore  him  to  his  Throne 
*'  with  Honour  and  Freedom  j"  which  occafioned  a 
fecond  Civii  War  the  next  Year. 

As  foon  as  his  Majelly  arrived  in  the  I  fie  of  JVight^'^R^ 
from  Hampton  Court  he  fent  a  Letter  to  the  Speaker ^""'''■^''"^ 
of  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  to  be  communicated  to  thei^J^^f  ^ 
Commons,    with   the  following  Concefllons    on    hisvvi'hr. 
Part,  very  inconfiftent  with  the  Treaty  laft  mention- Rufhw. 
ed.     —  *'  For  the  Abolifhing  Archbifhops,  Bifhops,?-  ^^o* 
*'  fc?f.  his  Majefty  clearly  profefTeth,  that  he  cannot  ^^P'"» 
"  confent  to  it  either  as  a  Chriflian  or  a  King  ;  for^*  '^^°' 
"  the  Firjl,     he  avows,    that   he  is  fatisfied   in   his 
"  Judgment,    that  this  Order  was    placed    in  the 
*'  Church  by  the  Apoftles  themfelves,  and  ever  fince 
*'  their  Time  has  continued  in  all  Chriftian  Churches 
*'  throughout  the  World  till  this  laft  Century  ;  And 
*'  in  this  Church,    in  all  Times  of  Change  and  Re- 
"  formation,  it  has  been  upheld,   by  the  Wifdom  of 
'*   his'Anceftors,   as  the  great  Preferver  of  Do6lrine, 
"  Difcipline,  and  Order  in  the  Service  of  God.     As 
*«  a  King^    at  his  Coronation,   he  not  only  fwore  to 
•'  maintain  (his  Order,  but  his  Majefty  and  his  Pre- 
"  dcceflors,   in  their  Confirmations  of  the  ^r^j/ C/t^r- 
"  ter   have   infeparably    woven    the    Rights   of  the 
*'  Church  into  the  Liberty  of  the  Subjtd  ;  and  yet 
"  he  is  willing  that  it  be  provided,    that  particular 
Vol.  in.         .  ii  e  "  Bifhnps 


4i8  5*y6^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

King     "  BiOiops  perform  the  feveral  Duties  of  their  Call* 
Charles  I.  ^  j^g^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^j^^.j.  pg^fonal  Refidence,  and  fre- 

\^,rY^  "  ^^^^^  Preaching ;  that  in  their  perfonal  Exercife 
*'  no  A<fl  of  Jurifdi6lion,  or  Ordination,  be  without 
"  confent  of  their  Prefbyters ;  and  will  confent,  thac 
*'  in  all  Things  their  Powers  be  fo  limited,  that 
"  they  may  not  be  grievous  to  the  tender  Confcien- 
"  ces  of  others  ;  his  Majefty  fees  no  Reafon  why  he 
**  alone,  and  thofe  of  his  Judgment,  Ihould  be  pref- 
"  fed  to  a  Violation  of  theirs. 

'*  Nor  can  his  Majefty  confent  to  the  Alienation 
*'  of  Church-Lands,  becaufe  it  cannot  be  deniedto 
*'  be  the  Sin  of  Sacrilege  ;  as  alfo,  that  it  fubverts  the 
"  Intentions  of  fo  many  pious  Donors,  who  have  laid 
*'  a  heavy  Curfe  upon  all  fuch  profane  Violations. 
"  And  befides,  his  Majefty  believes  it  to  be  a  Preju- 
"  dice  to  the  publick  Good  •,  many  of  his  Subjefts 
*'  having  the  Benefit  of  renewing  Leafes  at  much 
*'  eafier  Rates  than  if  thofe  Poft'eflions  were  in  the 
*'  Hands  of  private  Men  ;  not  omitting  the  Difcoo- 
*'  ragement  it  will  be  lo  Learning  and  Induftry, 
*'  when  fuch  eminent  Rewards  Ihall  be  taken  away  ; 
*'  yet  confidering  the  prefent  Diftempers  concern-  ' 
"  ing  Church  Difcipline,  and  that  the  Preft^yre- 
"  rian  Government  is  now  in  Praftice,  his  Maje- 
"  fty  to  avoid  Confufion  as  much  as  may  be,  and 
*'  for  the  Satisfaction  of  his  two  Houfes,  is  con- 
*'  tent,  that  the  fame  Government  be  legally  per- 
*'  mittcd  to  ftand  in  the  fame  Condition  it  now  is  for 
"  three  TearSy  provided  that  his  Majefty,  and  thofe 
"  of  his  Judgment,  or  any  others  who  cannot  in 
*'  Conference  fubmit  thereunto,  be  not  obliged  to 
*'  comply  with  the  Prcfbyteriai  Government,  but 
»'  have  free  Practice  of  our  own  Profefilon  without 
*'  any  Prejudice  thereby  •,  and  that  free  Confultation 
*'  be  had  with  the  Divines  at  TVejiminJler,  Twenty 
**  of  his  Majefty's  Nomination  being  added  to 
*'  them,  to  confider  how  to  fettle  the  Church  after- 
*•  wardsj    vvich  full  Liberty  to  all  thofe  who  fhall 

**  differ 


Chap.  VIII.  o/'/Z'^  Pur  IT  ANs.  419 

**  differ  upon  confcientious  Grounds  from  that  Settle-     K:ng 
*'  menc ;    always  provided,    that  nothing   aforefaid^'^*'''**  ^' 
"  be  underftood  to  tolerate  thofe  of  the  Popifli  i*ro-^jil^ 
*'  fefTion,  or  to  exempt  them  from  penal  Laws,  or 
*'  to  toleraie  the  publick  Profcfnon  of  Atheifm,  or 
*'  Blafphemy,  contrary  to  the  Dodlrine  of  the  Apo- 
"  files,  the  Nicene  and  Athanafiaii  Creed,  they   ha- 
*'  ving  been  received  by,  and  had  in  Reverence  of  all 
*'  Chriflian  Churches,  and  moreefpecially  theChurch 
*'  of  England  fince  the  Reformation."    This  was  done 
to  pleafe  the  Army,   but  was  entirely  reverfcd  by  the 
Scots  Treaty  five  Weeks  after. 

From  thefe  inconfiffeni Views  of  theconrend'ngPaf-  Rematkt: 
ties  wc  m:iy  eafily  difcern  the  dangerous  Situation  of 
the  publick  Tranquillity,  efpecially  as  there  was  a  ge- 
neral Difl-ruft  on  all  Sides,  and  each  Parry  refolved 
to  carry  their  Point  v/ithout  any  Abatements:  The 
King  was  held  by  Ties  of  Conlcience  and  Honour-, 
(as  he  faid)  to  preferve  Epifcopacy  ;  the  Scob  and  En- 
^lijh  Prefbyterians,  though  divided  at  prefent,  thought 
themfelves  bound  to  ftand  by  their  Solemn  League  and 
Covenant  -,  and  the  Army  were  under  a  folemn  Engage- 
ment to  agree  with  neither  without  a  Toleration.  If 
the  King  could  have  fubmittcd  lo  Covenant  Uniformity 
he  might  have  been  reftored  by  the  Prefbyterians; 
or,  if  either  King  or  Parliament  would  have  confented 
heartily  to  t-^.  Toleration,  they  might  have  eftahlifhed 
themfelves  by  the  AfTifiance  of  the  Military  Power  5 
but  his  Majeity  does  not  feem  to  have  been  in  earnefl". 
The  Reader  will  judge  of  the  Equity  of  the  feveral 
Propofals,  and  of  the  prudential  Conduftofeach  Par* 
ty,  from  the  Circumltances  in  which  they  were  pla- 
ced •,  the  King  was  a  Prifoner  ;  the  Parliauient  in  Pof- 
feffion  of  the  whole  Legiflative  Authority,  but  the 
Sword  was  in  the  Hands  of  the  Army,  who  were  de- 
termined not  to  (heath  it  till  they  had  fecured  to  them- 
felves the  Liberties  they  had  been  fighting  for ;  1  his 
they  had  in  vain  attempted  with  the  King,  and  were 
E  e  2  r.cxc 


420  7^/6^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    next  determineH  to  try  what  they  could  do  with  the 
Charles  I.  Parliament. 

,^J-,^i^     The  Houfes  being  informed  of  the  King's  Defign 
The  Army  ^o  make  his  Efcape  out  of  the  IJle  of  Wight ^  ordered 
unite  nvHhihz  Govcrnor  to  put  away  his  Servants,    and  (hue 
ihevarlia.\(^^  up  a  clofe  Prifoner  in  the  Caftle,  fo  that  no  Per- 
'"^"''        fon  might  be  admitted  to  fpeak  to  him  without  leave. 
Ruihw.     jj[jg  lyiajefty  having  alfo  declared,  when  he  rejected 
95%^ ^962.^^^  Parliament's  Four  Bills,  that  nothing  that  could 
Rapin,      befal  him  fliould  ever  prevail  with  him  to  confent  to 
P-45J>     anyoneA6l,  till  the  Conditions  of  the  whole  Peace 
4^7.         were  concluded,  they  began  to  defpair  of  an  Accom- 
modation.    In  this  Jundlure  the  Officers  of  the  Army 
fent  a  Meffige  to  the  Houfes,  affuring  them,  that 
they  would  live  and  die  with  them  in  fettling  the  Na- 
tion either  with  or  without  the  King,  and  leave  all 
Tranfaftions  of  State  for  the  future  to  them  alone. 
ToHs  of         However,  after  the  Seclufion  of  the  Eleven  impeach- 
^"■■^^-    ed  Members,  and  the  Quartering  the^rw)' in  the  Neigh- 
''^•^"'      bourhood  of  the  City,  the  Parliament,  either  from  In- 
tereft  or  Fear,  had  a  great  Regard  to  the  Opinion  of 
thofe  Officers  that  were  Members  of  the  Houfe.    Up- 
on a  Motion  that  no  more  AddrefTes  be  made  to  the 
King  from  the  Parliament,  nor  any  MelTages  recei- 
ved   from    him,    Ireton  and  Cromwell  open'd 
themfelves  very  freely  :   Ireton  faid,  "  Subjedion  to 
*'  the  King  was  but  in  lieu  of  Proteftion  from  him, 
*>*  which  being  denied,  we  may  fettle  the  Kingdom 
"  without  him  —  Let  us  then  fhow  our  Refolution 
"  (fays  he)  and  not  defert  thofe  valiant  Men  who 
*«  have  engaged  for  us  beyond  all  poffibility  of  Re- 
**  treat."     Cromzvell  faid,    "  That  the  Parliament 
*'  fliould  govern  by  their  own  Power,  and  not  teach 
*'  the  People  any  longer  to  expert  Safety  from  an 
•'  obftinate  Man,  whofe  Heart  God  had  hardened. 
«'   .  The  Army  will  dtfend  you  againll  all  Op- 

•'  pofition.     Teach  them  nor,  by  neglefting  your's 
"  and  the  Kingdom's  Safety,    in  which  their  own 

ti  is 


Chap.  VIII.    of  f  be  Fv  RiT  Am'.  42 1 

is  involved,  to  think  themfelves  betiay'd,  and  left     K'rjg 
hereafter  to  the  Rage  and  Malice  of  an  irrecon-^'^"^*^*  ^' 
cilable  Enemy,  whom  they  have  fubdued  for  your  \^J>Jjl^ 
fake,  leaft  Defpair  teach  them  to  feek  their  S.ifecy 
by  fome  other  Means  than  adhering  to  you  j  [here 
he  put  his  Hand  upon  his  Sword]  and  how  deltru- 
dlive  fuch  a  Refolution  will  be  (fays  he)  1  tremble 
10  think,  and  leave  you  to  judge  ! '*  The  Qiieftion 
being  then  put  it  was  carried  by  a  Majority  of  Fifry 
Voices ;  2''ea\  one  Hundred  forty  one,   No's  Ninety 
one.     Jan.  17.  the  Lords  concurr'd  with  the  Com- 
mons in  their  Votes  of  Non-AddreJJes.     To  this  very  Vol.  Ill, 
Time,  fays  Lord  Clarendon^  no  Man  mentioned  the?' ^'S- 
King's  Perfon  without  Duty  and  Refpeft.     But  now 
a  new  Scene  was  open*d,  and  fome  of  the  Officers,  ac 
their  Meetings  at  tVindfor,  began  to  talk  of  Depofing 
the  King,    or  profecuting  him  as  a  Criminal,    of 
which  his  Majefty  was  advertifed  by  JVatfon  the  Quar- 
ter Mafter,  but  it  made  no  Impreffion  upon  him. 

The  two  Houfes  having  concurr'd  in  their  Votes  ^'?»•/'^- 
for  Non-AddrefTes,  the  Army  agreed  to  Hand  by  the"'^"^*^-'^'' 
Parliament  in  fettling  the  Nation  without  the  King  .J^°»P^"'*^ 
and  that  the  People  might  befatisfied  with\he  Rea- 
fons  of  their  Proceedings,  a  Remonftrancc  was  pub- 
lifhed  by  Order  of  Parliament,  Feb.  15.  in  which 
they  recapitulate  all  the  Errors  of  his  Majefty's  Go- 
vernment ;  his  Infincerity  in  the  feveral  Treaties 
of  Peace  he  had  enter'd  into  with  them  i  and  than 
though  they  had  applied  to  him  feven  Times  with 
Propofiiions,  in  all  which  the  Scots  had  concur- 
red except  the  laft,  yet  he  had  never  complied  with 
any  ;  from  whence  they  conclude,  either  that  the 
Nation  mull  continue  under  the  prefent  Diflraclions, 
or  they  mull  fettle  it  without  him,  Jn  the  Pofl- 
humous  "Works  of  Lord  Clarendon  there  is  a  large 
Reply  to  this  Remonjirancc^  in  which  his  Lordfhip  cn- 
deavoiirs  to  vindicate  the  King,  and  throw  all  tha 
Blame  upon  the  Parliament  •,  but  though  there  were 
ill  Inftruoients  on  both  Sides,  and  there  might  be 
E  e  3  no 


/f  «'5 


-i 


T7j^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

^^g    no  real  Occafion  to  rip  up  all  the  Mifdemeanors  of 
Charles  ^- the  King's  Government  from  the  beginning,  yet  'tis 
^L^^  hardly  ppffible  for  the  Art  of  Man  to  juftify  his  Ma- 
jefty's  Condu(fi:  before  the  War,  or  to  vindicate  hi? 
Prudence  and  Sincerity  in  his  Treaties  afterwards  5 
the  Defign  of  commencing  a  new  W^r  being  evident- 
ly at  this  Time  concerted  and  agreed  upon,  with  hi^ 
Majefty's   Allowance,     in    purfuance    of    the    Scots 
Treaty,  while  he  was  amufing  both  the  Parliamenc 
and  Army  with  Overtures  of  Peace. 
Cydhance      Among  the  Ordinances  that  palTed  this  Year  for 
fpr  ^I^^V-  Reformation  of  the  Church,  none  occafioned  fo  much 
herniation    Noife  and  Difturbance  as  that  o^June  8.  for  Abolifh- 
fl/Chrift-  ing  the  Obfervation   of  Saints  Days^  and  the  Three 
nias,  and  grand  Feftivals  of  CZ?r?/?OT^j,  Eafier,  and  PFhitfuntide : 
ether         The  Ordinance  fays,  *'  Forafmuch  as  the  K'^a/ o///j(? 
SrT       "  Nativity  of  Chrifl,  Eafter,  Whitfuntide,  and  other 
Scobel      "  Fejlivals,  commonly  called  Holy  Days,  have  been 
p.  iz8.     *'  heretofore  fuperftitioufly  ufed  and  pbferved  ;  be  it 
*»  ordained,  that  the  faid  Feafls,  and  all  other  Fefti- 
^«  vals,  commonly  called  Holy  Days,  be  no  longer 
*'  obferved  as  Feftivals ;  any  Law,  Statute,  Cullom, 
*'  Ccnftitution,  or  Canon   to   the  contrary,  in  any 
"  wife  notwithftanding. 
w^^^'        "  And  that  there  may  be  a  convenient  Time  allot- 
^s^llanis    "  i^^d  for  Scholars,  Apprentices,  and  other  Servants, 
^^screat^on.^''  for   their  Recreation,  be  it  ordained,    That   all 
"  Scholars,  Apprentices,  and  other  Servants,  fhall, 
"  with  the  Leave  of  their  Mafters,   have  fuch  con- 
^'  venienc    reafonable  Recreation,    and    Relaxation 
''  from  Labour,  every  fecond  Tuej'day  in  the  Month 
<*  throughout  the  Year,    as  formerly  they  ufcd  to 
»f  have  upon  the  Fejlivats  ;  and  Mafters  of  Scholars, 
*'  Apprentices,    and  Servants,  fhall  grant  to  them 
?5  rejpedlively  fuch  Time  for  their  Recreation,  on 
*'  the  aforefaid  feccnd  Tiiefday  in   the  Month  as  they 
f'  piay  conveniently  fpare  from  their  extraordinary, 
^'  neceHary  Service  and  Occafions  ;  and  if  any  Pi^- 
*«  fcrence  arife  bec\yeen  Mafters  and  Servants  con- 
^  S^  cerning 


Chap.  VIII.   of  the  Puritan  s. 

»*  cerning  the  Liberty  hereby  granted,  the  next  Ju- 
♦'  ftice  of  the  Peace  fhall  reconcile  it.'* 

The  King  was  highly  difpleafcd  with  this  Ordi- 
nance ;  and  therefore,  while  the  Affair  was  under  x.»^  ^z/- 
Debate  he  put  this  Query  to  the  Parliament  Qq\w- a^^rcvei 
TniiTioners  d.i  Hohnby  Houfey  April  i^.  164.-/.  I  defire''^  ^'• 
to  be  relblved  of  this  Queftion,  fVby  the  new  Reform -'^^^^i-^^^' 
ers  difcbarge  the  Keeping  of  Eafter  ?  My  Reafon  forP"  ^''°* 
this  Query  is,  "  I  conceive  the  Celebration  of  this 
♦'  Feafl:  was  inftituted  by  the  fame  Authoricy  which 
*'  changed  the  Je^juifh  Sabbath  into  the  Lord's  Day, 
*'  or  Sunday,  for  it  will  not  be  found  in  Scripture 
"  where  Saturday  is  clifcharged  to  be  kept,  or  turn'd 
"  into  the  Sunday  1  wherefore  it  mufl:  be  the  Churches 
*'  Authority  that  changed  the  one  and  inftituted  the 
*'  other  ;  therefore  my  Opinion  is,  that  thofe  who 
*'  will  not  keep  this  Feaji  may  as  well  return  to  the 
*■'■  Obfervation  of  Saturday,  and  refufe  the  weekly 
*'  Sunday.  When  any  body  can  fhew  me  that  here- 
"  in  I  am  in  an  Error  I  fliali  not  be  afhamed  to  con- 
'^  fefs  and  amend  ic,  'till  when  you  know  rpy 
*'  Mind.'* 

C.R. 

Sir  Ja7iies  Harrington  prefented  his  Majefty  with  an 
Anfwer  to  this  Query,  in  which  he  denies,  that  the 
Change  of  the  Sabbath  was  from  the  Authority  of 
the  Church,  but  derives  it  from  the  Authority  and 
Example  of  our  Saviour  and  his  Apoftlcs  in  the  New 
Teftament  ;  he  admits,  that  if  there  was  the  like 
mention  of  the  Obfervation  of  £rt7?c'r  it  would  be  of 
Divine  or  Apoll:olical  Authority  ;  but  as  the  Cafe 
ftands,  he  apprehends,  with  great  Reafon,  that  the 
Obfervation  of  the  Chriflian  Sabbath,  and  of  Eafter, 
ftand  upon  a  very  different  foot. 

The  changing  the  Feftival  of  ChriJImas  into  a  Pafl  jt  occ^fons 
laft  Winter  was  not  fo  much  taken  Notice  of,  becaufer//w/«//i. 
all  Parties  were  employed  in  Ads  of  Devotion  ;   but 
when  it  returned  this  Year,  there  appeared  a  flrong 
E  e  4  Propea- 


424  r^^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol  IIL 

King    Propenfity  in  the  People  to  obferve  it,  the  Shops 
Chades  I.^grg  generally   fhut,    many  Prefbyterian  Minifters 
\„f^^2^  preached  ;    in  Tome  Places  the  Common  Prayer  was 
read,  and  one  or  two  of  the  fequefter'd  Clergy  getting 
into  Pulpits  prayed  publickly  for  the  BiJIoops  \  feveral 
of  the  Citizens  of  London^  who  open'd  their  Shops, 
Rufnw.     were  abufcd  ;  in  fome  Places  there  were  Kiots  and 
■  P'J'^^?     Infurredions,    efpecially    in   Canterhur-j^    where  the 
Mayor,    endeavouring  to  keep  the  Peace,    had  his 
Head  broke  by  the  Populace,  and  was  dragged  about 
the  Streets ;  the  Mob  broke  into  divers  Houfes  of 
the  mod  Religious  in  the  Town,  broke  their  V/in- 
dows,  abufed  their  Perfons,  and  threw  their  Goods 
into  the  Streets,  becaufe  they  expofed  ihem  to  Sale 
on  Chriftmas  Day.     At  length  their  Numbers  being 
encreafed  to  above  two  Thoufand  they  put  themfelves 
inio  a  Pofture  of  Defence  againft  the  Magiftrates, 
kept  Guard,    flopp'd   Paffes,    examined  PalTengers, 
and  feized  the  Magazines  and  Arms  in  the  Town- 
Hall,  and  were  not  difperfed  without  Difficulty.    The 
jike  Diforders  were  at  Eaih7g  in  Middlefex\  and  feve- 
ral other  Counties.     The  Parliament  was  alarmed  at 
thefe  Diforders,  and  therefore  commanded  all  Papifts 
and   Delinquent   Clergymen   to    retire    without    the 
Lines  of  Communication,    and    puniflied    fome    of 
the  principal  Rioters  for  a  Terror  to  the  reft,  it  be- 
ing apparent  that  the  King's  Party  took  the  Advan- 
i;age  of  the  Holy   Days  to  try  the  Temper  of  the 
People  in  favour  of  his  Releafc,  for  during  the  Space 
of  the  following  Twelve  Years,  wherein  the  Feftivals 
were  laid  afide,  there  was  not  the  kaft  Tumult  on 
account  of  the  Holidays^  the  Obfervatiop  of  Cbrijimas 
being  left  as  a  Matter  of  Indifference. 
r<'«/f  The  Yv^ar  being  thought  to  be  at  an  end  many  of 

clergy pe-  ^\^^  Clergv,  who  had  followed  the  Camp,  rc^iurned 


th'emfdlves  of 
P_,   .^  ..judice  of  thofc 


-^ c>>»      ••--—     — 

"''""  j",  ^home,    and  endeavoured  to  repoffefs 
iieir  Li-    t'^'^1'"  lequelter  d  Livings,   to  the  Pre 
z/in^s.       v.'hom  thS  Parliament  had  put  into  their  Places  ;  they 
petitioned  the  King  while  tje  was  with  the  Army, 

ari'd 


Chflp.VITI.   of  the  Pvv.  IT  Aus'.       •  42^ 

and  in  a  Scate  of  Honour  and  Dignity,  to  take  their     Ki^ig 
poor  diftrefled  Condition  into  his  gracious  Con  fulcra- ^'^^'"''■■^  ^• 
jtion.     His  Majelty  recommended  tliem  to  the  G'cv/^- ^J.?^^ 
ral  at  the  very  Time  when  the  Difference  between 
the  Parliament  and  Army  was  fubfifting,  upon  which 
they  reprefented  their  Grievances  to  him,  in  a  Peti- 
tion, Ihewmg,  that  "  whereas  for  divers  Years  theySuff.  cicr. 
*'  had  been  outcd  of  their  Livings,  contrary  to  the^^*  ^4J« 
"  fundamental  Laws  of  the  Land,  by  the  arbitrary 
*'  Power  of  Co;;;;;;///^^i,  whofe  Proceedings  have  ufu- 
*'  ally  been  by  no  Rule  of  Law,  but  by  their  own 
*'  Wills  ;  moft  of  them  having  been  turped  out  for 
"  refufing  the  Covenant,  or  adhering  to  the  King, 
'*  and  the  Religion  eftablifhed,  and  of  thofe,  divers 
*'  never  called  to  anfwer,  and  fcarce  one  had  Articles 
"  proved  by  Oath,  or  other  legal  Procefs,  by  which 
*'  means  your  Petitioners  are  reduced  to  extream  Want 
*'  and  Mifery  -,  and  whereas  thofe  who  are  put  into 
'*  our  Places  labour  to  ftir  up  the  People  to  involve 
•*  the  Kingdom  in  a  rew  War,    and  are  generally 
*'  Men  ignorant  and  qnable  to  inftruft  the  People  ; 
•'  and  many  of  them  fcandalous  in  their  Pradices,  if 
"  impartially    examined,    and  divers  of  them   hold 
"  Three  or  Four  of  the  beft  Beiiiefices,  whilll  divers 
•'  other  Churches  are  void,  and  without  any  conftanc 
"  Preacher.     And  forafmuch  as  the  main  Profit  of 
"  our  Benefices  confifts  in  the  Harvefl:  which  is  now 
*'  at  hand,  which  many  of  the  prefent  Pofleflbrs,  if 
'*  they    could    receive,    would    prefently    be    gone, 
^'  whereby  the  Burthen  of  the  Cure  will  lie  upon 
"  your  Petitioners,  having  nothing  to  live  upon  the 
"  next  Year.     Your  Petitioners  therefore  pray,  that 
"  your  Excellency  would  make  flay  of  the  Profits  of 
**  the  Harvfcft,   that  thofe  of  us  that  are  charged  with 
"  any  legal  Scandal  may  come  to  ajuilTrjul,  and 
"  if  we  arc  found  Innocent  may  enjoy  our  Rights, 
f-'  according  to  the  known  Laws  of  the  Land." 


426  •  r/^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         VoI.III. 

Kirg        By  this  bold  Petition,  'tis  evident,  thefe  GentJe- 
Charles  I. men  were  cncouraged  to  hope,  tiiat  tlie  Army  would 
,,JrJZi^  carry  their  Refentments  fo  far  as  to  unravel  all  they 
c.  Fair-    hj\d  been  doing  for  Five  Years ;  that  they  would  not 
fax'j  An-"'  only  renounce  the  Covenanty  but  difown  the  Proceed- 
fvier.        ings  of  their  Committees ^    and  even  countenance  the 
Clergy's  adhering  to  the  King  :  And  no  doubt,  if  his 
Majefty  had  at  this  Time  complied  with  the  Propofals 
of  the  Army,  he  might  have  made  good  Terms  for 
them  ;  for  the  General  received  them  with  Refpedt, 
and  having  debated  their  Addrefs  in  Council,    pro- 
pofed  It  to  the  Parliament,  that  the  Eftates  of  all  fe- 
•  quefter*d  Perfons,  including  the  Clergy,  Ihould  re- 
main in  the  Hands  of  the  Tenants  till  a  general  Peace. 
Upon  which  the  old  Incumbents  grew  very  trouble- 
fome,  forbidding  the  Parilhioners  to  pay  their  Tithes, 
and  threatening  the  prefent  PofTeflbrs  of  their  Pul- 
pits with  Profecutions  by  L.aw. 
Comtet         On  the  other  hand,  the  Prefbyterian  Clergy  ad- 
vetition  of  drefled  the  General  Aug.  12.  a  few  Days  after  the  Par- 
'  .  ^^^^'liament  and  Army  were  united,  with  a  Complaint, 
"  That  divers  delinquent  Minifters,  who  had  been 
"  put  out  of  their  Livings,  did  now  trouble,   and 
*'  feek  to  turn  out  ihofe  Minifters  whom  the  Parlia- 
**  ment  had  put  in  ;  and  particularly,  that  Dr.  Lay 
'»  fieldy  by  a  counterfeit  Warrant  from  the  General, 
"  had  endeavoured  to  remove  a  Minifter  from  his 
*'  Benefice  in  Surrey'*     The  General  and  his  Coun- 
cil declared  their  Diflike  of  thefe  Proceedings,  and 
promifed  to  write  to  the  Parliament,  that  fuch  Of- 
fenders might  be  brought  to  Punifhment,  which  he 
did  accordingly.     The  Difference  between  the  Parlia- 
ment and  Army  being  now  in  a  Manner  compromi- 
fed,  which  put  an  End  to  the  Expedlations  of  the 
Clergy  :  Aug.  19.  the  Lords  and  Commons  acquaint- 
ed the  General,  that  they  would  take  Care  for  the 
Punifhment  of  thofc  delinquent  Minifters,  and  others, 
fey  whofe  Pra(5ticcs  Minifters  put  into  Livings  by  the 

Pi\r-» 


terians. 


Chap. VIII.    of  the  FvRiT AH il  427 

Parliament  had  been  difquieied  and  curned  out ;  and     King 

on  the  23d  of  the  fame  Month  they  part  an  Ordi-^^*'^^"  '• 

nanre,  fetting  forth,    "  That  whereas  divers  Mini-  ^^^^ 

"  Hers  in  the  feveral  Counties  had  been  difplaced  by  ^^'^^'^ 

*'  Authority  of  Parliament,  for  notorious  ScandaJs 

*'  and  Delinquency,  and  godly,  learned,  and  ortl)o-Or^/w.mf# 

*'  dox  Minifiers,  had   been  placed  in  their  roomi'"'*^'*' 

*'  and  whereas  the  faid  fcandalous   and  delinquent ^'**''^'* 

*'  Minifters    by   Force,    or    otherwife,    had  enter'd 

"  upon  the  Churches,  and  gained  PofTcfllon  of  the 

**  Tithes,  i^c.  the  Lords  and  Commons  did  there- 

"  fore  ordain,    That  all  Sheriffs,    Mayors,    Com- 

"  mittees,   ^c.   do  forthwith  apprehend  fuch  Mi- 

'*  nifters,  and   all   fuch   Perfons  as  have   been   aid- 

"  ing,    and  abetting  to  them,    and  commit  them 

."  to  Prifon,   there  to  remain,    till   thofe  they  hacj 

*'  thus  difpoffeffed,  and  moltfted,  fhould  receive  Sa- 

*'  tisfadtion  for  their  Damages;  and   that  the  faid 

*'  Sheriffs,  (s^c.  do  reftore  thofe  molefted  Minifters 

*'  to  the  quiet  PoflelTion  of  their  refpedlive  Places, 

*'  and  do  in  cafe  of  Need  raife  the  Trained  Bands 

'*  to   put    this   Ordinance    in    Execution ;    and  dp 

'*  alfo  take  effedual  Courfe  that  the  Tithes,  Pro- 

**  fits,    &c.    be  for  the  future  duly  paid   to  thofe 

*'  Minifters  put  in  by  Parliament,  Qc.     And  if  any 

**  fuch     Difturbance    ftjould     hereafter    be    given, 

*.'  the   Offender  was    to  fuffer   for  every  fuch  Di- 

**  fturbance  one  Month's  Imprifonment.'* 

However,  fomc  little   Favour  was  Ihewn,  about: 
this  Time,    to  thofe  Bijhops,    and  others,    who  had 
lived  peaceably,  and  been  little  more  than  Spe<fta- 
tors  of   the  Miferies  of  their   Country  ;    the   Com- Ri;(h\?^. 
mictee  was  ordered  to  make  Payment  of  the  eightP-^'S^? 
Hundred  Pounds  ^  Year  granted  to  the  Bifhop  of  J''.^'  ^"^^t 
J)urham  ;  the  real  Eftateof  the  pious  Bifhop  //af/,  who''^ 
had  la'.ely  publifhed  his  hard  Meajure,  was  difchar- 
eed  -,    ArchbiQiop  Uf^er  had  an   Allowance  of  four 
Jiundrcd  Pounds  ^  Anmim^  till  he  could  be  other- 

>vif'2 


428  77j^  HISTORY         VoI.Ill. 

King  wife  provided  for  ;  and  was  foon  after  allowed  to  be 
Charles  I.  Preacher  at  Lincoln's  InUy  only  upon  taking  the 
v«r\/>L^  iV^^^^f-y^  Oath.  But  the  Biihops  were  not  much  the 
Vi^^y-v/  |^gj.j.gj,  fQj,  j.j^g{g  Donations.     The  CommiiTioners  of 

the  Great  Seal  were  ordered  to  fill  up  the  vacant  Li- 
vings in  the  Gift  of  the  Crown,  without  obliging  the 
Incumbents  to  take  the  Covenant  j  but  the  new  Di- 
iturbances  which  were  created  in  favour  of  the  cap- 
tive King,  brought  down  new  Severities  upon  the 
Epifcopai  Clergy  before  the  End  of  the  following 
Year, 


C  H  A  V 


Chap.  IX.      of  tbe  Vv  KIT  AKi,  429 

.CHAP.     IX. 

T'be  Vifitation  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford, 
State  of  Religion  at  the  End  of  the  Tear,- 

SA  D  and  deplorable  was  the  Condicion  of  the  Uni-    Kh^ 
verficy  of  Oxford  when  it  fell  into  the  Hands  ofCharles  r. 
the  Parliament ;  the  Colleges  and  Halls  were  gone  to,if47. 
Ruin;  Five  of  them  per  fedly  deferted,  and  the  re(fcw)^Z^ 
in  a   very   Ihatter'd  Condition.     The  publick  A£tsofthe  vm- 
had  been  difcontinued  for  fome  Years,  the  Schoohijerftiy  of 
were  turned   into  Magazines  for  the  King's  Army,^^^°'<^' 
and  the  Chambers  filled  with  Officers  and  Soldiers,  or 
Jet  out  to  Townfmen  *,  there  was  little  or  no  Inftru- 
d:ion  of  Youth,  nor  hardly  the  Face  of  an  Univer- 
fity ;    Poverty,  Defolation  and  Plunder,  the  fad  Ef- 
fefts  of  War,  were  to  be  feen  in  every  Corner ;  the 
Burfaries  were  emptied  of  the  publick  Money,  the 
Plate  melted  down  for  the  King's  Service,  and  the 
Colleges  involved  in  Debts  which  they  were  not  ca- 
pable to  fatisfy  ;   there  were  few  Heads  of  Colleges 
or  Scholars  left,  but  fuch  as  remained  were  flrongly 
prejudiced  againfl  the  Parliament,  having  employed 
their  Wits,  during  the  Courfe  of  the  War,  in  wri- 
ting weekly  Mercuries^  and  other  fatyrical  Pamphlets, 
in  which  they  afperfed  the  Proceedings  of  the  two 
Houfes,  and  treated  their  Divines  as  the  mofl  infa- 
mous,   ignorant,    and    hypocritical    Traitors :    Nor 
were  their  Tempers  in  the  leaft  changed  at  prefent, 
though  their  Lives  and  Fortunes  were  in  the  Hands 
of  their  Adverfaries.     It  was  therefore  thought  necef- 
fary  to  put  the  Education  of  Youth  into  fuch  Hands 
as  the  Parliament   could  confide  in,  a  Power  being p^;,/,;,: 
referved  for  that  Purpofe  in  the  Ar  icles  of  Surrender.  »;<?«/ /ew-/ 
But  before  they  proceeded  to  Extreams  the  two  ^^ir-iprs 
Houfes  about  the  beginning  ci  September  1646.  ap-'^ ''^•^'"''" 
pointed  Seven  of  their  molt  popular  Divines  to  le-^^f^  q^^ 


430  5n&^  HISTORY         VoI.Il!. 

King    pair  to  Oxford,  with  Authority  to  preach  in  any  of 
Charles  I.^j^g  Pulpits  of  the  Ufilverfity  for  Six  Months,  in  order 
,^L^^  to  foften  the  Spirits  of  the  People,  and  give  them  a 
better  Opinion  of  their  Caufe,  'viz.    the  Reverend 
Mr.  Robert  Harris  of  Hanwell,  Oxford/hire  ;  Mr.  Ed- 
ivard  Reynolds,  afterwards  BiQiop  of  Norwich  v  Mr, 
Hejtry  fVilkinfon,    of  Magdalen  College  j    Mr.  Francis 
Cheynel,  Mr.  Henry  Corbet,  of  Merton  College  \   Mr. 
Henry  Cornifh    of  New  Inn  ;  and,  Mr.  Henry  Langley^ 
of  Pembroke  Hall ;  Men  of  Reputation  and  Charafier, 
ibber  Divines,    and  popular  Preachers,    though  A, 
Wood,    the    Oxford    Hiftorian,    is    pleafed    to    fay, 
•»  Their  Sermons  were  the  Contempt  and  Scorn  of 
•'  the  Univerfity,  becaufe  they  were  too  long,  and 
**  had  too  little  Learning  -,  becaufe  they  prayed  ve- 
•'  ry  coldly  for  the  King,  but  were  very  earncft  for 
«*  a  BlefTmg  upon  the  Counfels  and  Arms  of  the  Par- 
«»  liament,    and  did  not  aJways    conclude  with   the 
«  hordes  Prayer  ;  becaufe  they  reflecfted  on  fome  of 
*«  the  Heads  of  the  Univerfity,  calling  them  Dumb 
*'  Dogs,  having  a  Forsn  of  Religion  without   the 
*'  Power  ;    and,  becaufe  their   manner  of  Delivery 
**  was  rather  Theatrical  than  Serious  •,  neverthelef^-, 
<'  their  Auditories  were  crowded,  though  none  of  the 
*'  Heads  of"  Colleges,   or  fenior  Scholars,  attended 
•«  them.** 
fleirCon-      The  Minifters  were  very  diligent  in  the  Difcharge 
duB  and   of  their  Truft,  preaching  twice  every  Lord's  Day  } 
succjfs.      ^^^  j.j^,jj.  j.^gy  might  gain  the  People,  fet  up  a  weekly 
^^  Conference  every  Ihurfday,  in  which  they  propofed 
Mind.*     to  ^olve  fuch  Obje(5lions  as  fhould  be  raifed  againft 
Accounr,   their  new  Confejfon  of  Faith  and  Difcipline,  and  to  an- 
V'  S-         fwer  any  other  important  Cafes  in   Divinity  :  The 
Vol  Pamp.  ^^^y^^-^^^^  or  Cafe,  was  to   be  propounded  the  Week 
before,    that  it  might  be  well  confidered  j    a  Tvlo- 
derator  alfo  was  appointed  to  keep  Order,  who  be- 
gan  and   concluded  with  a  fliort  Prayer,    and  the 
whole  was    conduffted  with    Decency^  and    Gravity, 
Bui;  feveral  of  the  Scholars  ridiculed  their  Proceed- 
in  sa 


o-'J 


Chap.IX.       of  the  ?v  KIT  Au^:  431 

ings,  and  byway  of  Contempt  called  their  Place  of    Kiug 
Meeting,  The  Scruple  Shop  ;  however,  it  was  fre-^^=»rJ"  '•' 
quented  by  great  Numbers  of  People,  fome  ot  whom  ^Jft^ 
were  prevailed  with  to  renounce  the  Oxford  Oath  j   and  ^^V"^^. 
others  to  lake  the  Solemn  League  arid  Covetiant.     They 
met  wiih  fome  little  Difturbance  from  one  Erhury,  a 
turbulent  Jntino7maUy  and  Chaplain  in  the  Garrifon  ; 
but  upon  the  Whole,  when  the  Minifters  returned  toMinft. 
London  they  declared,  that  the  Cirizens  fhowed  them  Account, 
a  great  deal  of  Refpedt,   hut  the  Univerfity  pouredP*^^*. 
all  the  Contempt  upon  them  imaginable,  fo  that  ihey 
apprehended  themfelves  to  have  the  fame  Lot  as  Saint 
Paul  had  at  Athens,  Adls  xvii.  32,  34.  Some  mocked 
them,  othen pghted  them,  hut  certain  clave  to  them,  and 
believed. 

There  being  no  Profpeft  of  reforming  the  Univer- P/tt//,?- 
fity  by  ihefe  Merhods,  the  Two  Houfes  refolved  to'"^''"'^' 
proceed  upon  a  Vifitation,  which  they  apprehended  ihey'      '  "t' 
might  undertake  without  the  King,   by  virtue  o[  the^^^/^^/ 
Fourteenth  Article  of  their  Capitulation,  which  fays,R^,fll^v. 
*'  That  the  Chancellor,  Matters  and  Scholars  of  thep.  Z83. 
*'  Univerfity,  and  all  Heads,  Governors,  Matters, 
''  Fellows,    and  Scholars  of  the  Colleges,    Halls, 
"  Bodies  Corporate,  and  Societies  of  the  faid  Uni- 
"  verfity,  and  the  publick  ProfefTors,  Readers,  and 
*'  Orators  thereof,  and  all  other  PerfoTiS  belonging 
"  to  the  faid  Univerfity,  Ihall  and  may,  according 
"  to  their  Statutes,  Charters,    and  Cuftoms,  enjoy 
*'  their  ancient   Form   of  Government,    Subordi- 

*'  NA.TE  TO  THE  IMMEDIATE  AUTHORITY  AND 

«'  Power  of  Parliament,  and  that  all  the  Rights, 

*'  Privileges,  Franchifes,  Lands,  TenemeniG,  Hou- 

«'  fes,    Rents,    Revenues,    Libraries,  Debts,  Goods 

*«  and  Chatties,  i^c.  belonging  to  the  faid  Univcr- 

"  fity,    fhall    be   enjoyed   by   them    refpedively  as 

"  aforefaid,  free  from  Sequettraiions,  Fines,  Taxes, 

"  and  all  other  Moleftations  whatfocver,  under  co- 

"  lour  of  any  Thing   relating  Ko  the  prefent  War. 

*'  And  if  any  Removal  fkall  be  made  by  the  Parliament 
I  '  "  0/ 


432 

King 

Charles  I. 

1647. 


Fuller's 
Appeal, 
p.  70. 


OrSnapce 
for  that 
Purpofe. 
Scobel's 
Colleft. 
Part  r. 
p   116. 
Suff.  Cler, 
p.  126. 


ne  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


of  any  Head,  or  other  Members  of  the  Univerfu^^ 
that  they  fhall  enjoy  their  Profits  for  Six  Months  after 
the  Surrendring  ^/Oxon,  and  fhall  have  convenient 
Time  allowed  them  for  the  Removal  of  themfelves  and 
their  Goods ;  provided  that  this  fhall  not  extend  to  re- 
tard any  Reformation  there  intended  by  the  Parlia- 
ment^ or  give  them  any  Liberty  to  intermeddle  with  the 
Government."  But  the  Heads  of  Colleges  did  not 
think  chemfelves  obliged  by  this  Capitulation,  nor 
any  Thing  contained  in  it,  becaufe  they  were  not 
made  Parties,  nor  called  upon  to  give  their  feparate 
Confent  to  the  Articles,  though  they  took  Advantage 
of  every  Thing  that  was  ftipulated  in  their  Favour. 

May  I.  1647.  an  Ordinance  pall:  both  Houfes  for 
Vifiting  the  Univerfity,  and  named  the  following 
Gentlemen,  Lawyers,  and  Divines,  for  that  Service, 
viz. 


Sir  Nath.  Brenr, 

Sir  William  Cobb, 

William  Prince  of  Lin- 
coln*s  Inn,  Efq% 

John  PuUifton  of  Lin- 
coln's Inn,  Efq-, 

Barth.  Hallo/ //^^  Middle 
Temple,  £y^; 

Tho.  Knight  (/Lincoln's 
Inn,  Ejq\ 

William  Draper  cf  Lin- 
coln's Inn,  Efq-i 

Gabriel  Beck  0/ Lincoln's 
Inn,  Ef(i\ 

John  Cartwright,  Efq\ 

Samuel  Dunch,  Efq\ 

Mr.  William  Tipping, 

Mr.  George  Greenwood, 

Mr.  John  Packer, 

Mr.  William  Cope. 


theRev.T^Y.  John  Wil- 
kin fon, 

Mr.  Henry  Wil- 
kinfon, 

Mr.  Edw.  Rey- 
nolds, 

Mr.  Rob.  Har- 
ris, 

Mr.  Edw.  Cor- 
bet, 

Mr.  Fran.  Chey- 
ndl, 

Mr.  John  Wil- 
kinion, 

Mr.  John  Mills, 

Mr.  Chriftopher 
Rogers,  • 


The 


Chap.  IX.      0/ /i;^  Puritans.  433         ^ 

The  Ordinance   empowers   the  Vifitors,    or  any    Kiig 
Five  of  thcni,  *'  to  hear  and  dccerininc  all  Crimes, ^^*'^^'-*  ^' 
*'  OiTences,  Abufes,    and  Diforders,    which  by  the^^^^f^, 
**  Laws  and  Scatutes  of  this  Realm,  or  by  the  Cii- 
'*  ftoms  and  Statutes,    rightly  elfablifhcd,  of  chac 
*'   Univerfiry,  or  by  the  fevcral  Statutes  ot  the  re- 
*'  fpevflivc  Colleges  or  Halls,  may  lawfully  beenqui- 
*'   red  ot,   heard,  or  determined,  in  the  Courfe  and 
*••   Way   of  Vifitation   of  the  Univerfuy,  or  of  the 
**  Colleges,     Halls,     Mafters,     Scholars,     Fellows, 
"  Members,  and  Officers,  or  any  ot   them,  refpe- 
"  dively.     They  are  more  particularly  to  enquire 
*'  by  Oath  concerning  thofe  that  negleiSl  to  take  the 
*'  Sole?nn  League  and  Covenant ^  and  the  Negative  Oalh, 
*'  being  tender'd  to  them  by  fuch  as  are  authorized 
*'  by  Parliament ;  and  concerning  rhofe  who  oppofe 
*'   the   Execution  of  the  Ordinance  of   Parliamenr, 
"  concerning  the  Difcipline  and  Directory  ;  and  chofe 
"  v.ho  Hiail  teach  or  write  againft  any  Point  of  Do- 
*«  (ftrine,  the  Ignorance  whereof  doth  exclude  from 
*'  the  Lord's  Supper.     They  are  likewife  to  enquire 
'*  upon  0.i:h,  concerning  all  fuch  who  have  taken 
'*  up  ArmN  againft  the  Parliament,    or  who  have 
*'  been  affifting  to  the  Forces  railed  againft  the  Par- 
"  liament.  And  they  are  to  certify  to  a  Committee 
"  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords  and  Commons  mentioned 
"  in  the  Ordinance,  what  Mafters,    Scholars,  Fel- 
'*  lows.    Members,    or   Officers,    have    commicted 
"  any  of   the  Offences   above-mentioned,    and   the 
*'   Quality  and  Condition  of  the  Oijenders,  that  fuch 
*'  further  Procet-dings  may  be  had  thereupon  as  the 
"  Commirreeot  Lords  and  Commons  thall  think  fit. 
"  The  Vijllors  are  further  empowered,  to  examine 
"  and  conlider  of  all  fuch  Oaths  as  are  enjoin'd  by 
'*  the  Statutes  of  the  Univerfity,  or  of  any  of  the 
''  Halls  and  Colleges,  as  are  not   fit   to   be  taken, 
■'  and  prefent  their  Opinion  to  the  Committee  above- 
"  mentioned  ;   provided  always,  that  if  any  of  the 
■'  Mafters,  Scholars,  Fellows,  (^:.  (Iiall  find  then) - 
Vol.  III.  f  f  '     »•  fjlves 


434  7/;^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

xrw^     "  felves  grieved  by  any  Sentence  given  by  the  Vifi- 

itj.^"'  ^°^^>  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^'^^^^  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^°  appeal  to  the 

v^-,/^  "  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons,  who  are  au- 

"  thorized  finally  to  hear  and  determine  every  fuch 

"  Cafe  brought  before  them.'* 

Al/haS  of    But  before  the  Vifitation    could   take    Place  the 
^^ei7.;?W- Vice-chancellor,  Dr.  Fell,  fummoned  a  Convocation 
fomaenh'n^^^'"^  ^^  wherein  it  was  agreed  not  to  fubmit  to  the 
the  Cove-   Parliament  Vifitors  ;  a  Paper  of  Reafons  againft  the 
Tjar.ty  &c.  Covenant^  the  Negative  Oath,  and  the  Direofory,  drawn 
Bp.  San-    up  chiefly  by  Dr.  Sanderfon,    was  alfo  confented  to, 
derfon'j    and  Ordered    to  be   publifhed   to    the  World   both 
^  ""^^  ..    in  Latin  and  Englijh,  againft  the  Time  the  Vifitors 
p.  1 6^.    'were  to  come  down,    under  the  Title  of  Reajons  of 
the  prefent  Judgment  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  coU" 
cerning  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  the  Nega- 
tive Oath,    and  the  Ordinances  concerning  Difcipline 
and  Worfhip,  approved  by  general  Confent  in  a  full  Con- 
vocation, June  I.   1647.  an  Abftrad  of  which  I  Ihall 
now  fee  before  the  Reader. 

To  THE  Preface  of  the  Covenant  [tranfcribed ' 
under  the  Year  1643.] 
ExpeptioKs      Xj^ey  declare,  "  We  cannot  fay  the  Rage,  Powery 
p^fi^r   ^^"  ^^^  P^°jii^^pi^onof  the  Enemies  of  God  (in  the  Senfe 
**  there  intended)  is  encreafed.     Nor   that  we  have 
**  confented  to  any  Supplication  or  Remonjlrance  to 
*'  the  Purpofes  therein  exprefied.     We  do  not  think 
"  the  taking  the  Covenant  to  be  a  lawful  and  proba- 
*■'  ble  Means  to  preferve  our  Selves  and  our  Religion 
*'  from  Ruin  ;  nor  do  we  believe  it  to  be  according  to 
*'  iks  cojnmendabk  Pratilce  of  thefe  Kingdoms^  or  the 
*'  Example  of  God's  People  in  other  Nations.''* 

To  THE  Covenant  in  general. 
Ai^'Vnfi         c«  \iyp  ape  of  Opinion,  That  a  Covenant  ought  to 
*afr'  -**  ^^  ^  voluntatry  Contract,  and  not  impofed.     Now 
lerai"     !*  we  Can't  voluntarily  confcnt  to  this  Covenant  with- 

*^  OIK 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritan  s.  43 S 

out  betraying  our  Liberties,  one  of  which  is,  Nol  to     KUg 
he  oblige  J  to  take  any  Oath  hut  what  is  ejlahli^fhedhy  Acl^^^'^^"'  ^• 
of  Parliament  ;  and  without  acknowledging  in  th^^Lt^ 
Impofers  a  greater  Power  than  has  been  challen- 
ged in  former  Time,  or  can  lubfift  with  our  for- 
mer Proiejlation,     But   if   the  Covenant  were  not 
impofed,   but  only   recommended,   we  apprehend 
[he  taking  it  to  be  inconfiftent  with  our  Loyalty 
to  the  King,  efpecially  fince  he  has  by  Proclama- 
tion forbid  it." 

Objections  to  the  geverrl  Articles  of  th? 

Covenant. 

To  the  fir jl  Article. 

"  .We  cannot  fwear  to  preferve  the  Religion  o^M^'^ft 
"  another  Kingdom  (ScocJand)  whereof  we  have  very ''^fj^ 
"  little  Undcrftanding,  which  as  far  as  we  arc  ac- ' 
"  quainted  with  it,  is  much  worfe  than  our  own  in 
*'  Worfhip,    Difcipline,    and  Government,     and  in 
"  Dodfrine  not  at  all  better  \  wherein  there  are  fome 
*'  Things  fo  far  tending  to  Superflition  and  Schifm, 
**  that  it  feems  reafonable  to  us  that  we  fhould  call 
"  upon  them  to  reform,  rather  than  we  be  bound  to 
*'  preferve  it  entire, 

*'  Neither  are  we  fatisfied  in  the  prefent  Reforma- 
*'  tion  of  Religion   in  cur  own  Kingdom^  in  Do^rine, 
*'  Worfhip^    and  Difcipline,   becaufe,    (i.)  h  gives  a 
*'  manifeft  Scandal  to  the  Pap:j1  and  Separatift,   by 
"  giving  up  the  Caufe  for  which  the  Martyrs  and 
*'  Bifhops  have  contended   fmce   the  Reformation  j 
"  by  jultifying  the  Papills  in  their  Recufancy,   who. 
"  reproach  us,  by  faying,  we  know  not  what  Reli- 
"  gionwearcofi  nor  where  to.ftop,  fince  we  have 
"  le(t  them  ;  and,  that  ours  is  a  Parliamentary  Reli  i^''* 
"  gion.     Befides,  this  would  be  a  tacit  Ajknczvlcdgmsr.t,'^  ^''*' 
*'  that  there  has  been  foinething  in  the  Church  of  Eirgland 
*'  not  agreeable  to  the  fFord  of  God,    and  fo  jufl:fs  tl:s 
*•  Separation,  and  condemn  all  the  penal  La  us  tbat'havs 
P  f  2  *«  teen 


cc 


436  r^^  HISTORY  VoI.III. 

Kipg  "  heen  made  to  ohlige  People  to  conform.  (2.)  Bythein- 
Charles  I.tc  tended  Reformation  we  fhould  wrong  our  felves, 
yJ„,J;^  "  by  fwearing  to  reform  that  which  we  have  former- 
"  ly  by  our  Subfcriptions  approved,  and  which  we 
"  do  ftill  believe  to  be  more  agreeable  to  the  Word 
'*  of  God  than  that  which  by  this  Covenant  we  muft 
"  fwear  to  preferve  *,  and  to  which,  by  the  Laws 
*'  ftill  in  being,  every  Ckrky  at  his  Admiffion  to  a 
*•  Benefice,  is  bound  to  give  his  Confent.  (3.)  Be- 
**  fide?,  we  fhould  be  in  danger  of  Perjury,  becaufe 
'tis  contrary  to  our  former  Proteftation,  which 
obliges  us  to  maintain  the  Doolrine  of  the  Church  of 
England,  which  may  take  in  the  whole  Eftablifli- 
mcnt ;  and  it  is  contrary  to  the  Oath  0*1  Supre- 
macy, which  gives  the  fole  Power  to  the  King  in 
"  Matters  Ecclefiaftical.'* 

Objections  to  the fecond  Article, 
j^alvfl the  «  We  are  very  much  grieved  to  fee  the  Prelacy  of 
fecond  Ar-  i„  j^c  Church  of  England  rank'd  with  Popery,  Su- 
f^^'  "  perftition,  Herefy,  Schifm,  and  Profanenefs,  with 
•P«i  4't<  2.n  Intimation,  that  it  is  contrary  to  found  Do- 
*'  drine,  or  the  Power  of  Godiinefs.  Nor  can  we 
**  fwear  to  the  Extirpation  of  it,  becaufe,  (i.)  We 
"  believe  it  to  be  of  Apoftolical  Inftitution.  Or, 
*'  (2.)  At  Icart  that  Epifcopal  Ariftocracy  hath  a 
•*  fairer  Claim  to  a  Divine  Inftitution  than  any  other 
*'  Form  of  Church  Government.  (3.)  That  Epif- 
"  copal  Government  has  continued  in  the  Church 
*'  without  Interruption  for  fifteen  Hundred  Years, 
"  therefore  to  extirpate  it  would  give  Advantage  to 
**  the  Papifts,  who  are  wont  to  charge  us  wjth  a 
"  Contempt  of  Antiquity,  and  Love  of  Novelty, 
>'  and  it  would  diminifli  the  juft  Authority  due  to  the 
"  Conlcnt  and  Practice  of  the  Catholick  Church. 
*'  (4.)  Befides,  we  can*c  fwear  to  the  Extirpating 
"  this  Government,  becaufe  we  have  fubfcribcd  the 
"  Thirty  nine  Articles,  one  of  which  fays,  the  Book 
•*'  containing  the  Form  of  Confecraiion  has  nothing  in 
I  **  ic 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritans.  437 

"  it  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God,     We  have  been     King 
"  ordained  by  Bifhops ;  we  have  petitioned  the  Par-^^=*'''^*  ^• 
**  Jiament  for  the  Continuance  of  them  •,  and  fome  of,^jf]j4^ 
**  us  hold  our  Livelihoods  by  the  Titles  of  Deans,  ^^'^ 
*'  Deans  and  Chapters,  i^c.     (5.)  We  are  not  fat/f- 
*'  fied  that  the  Inconveniencies  of  the  'Ne'w  Government 
"  will  be  Jefs  than  the  0/^,  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
"  having  remonflrated  \pec.  15.   164.1.]  that  it  was 
*'  far  from  their  Purpofe  toabolifli  this  Government, 
*=^  but  only  to  regulate  it,  and  that  it  was  a  Sign  of 
Malignancy  to  infufe  into  the  People  that  they  had 
any  other  Meaning.     Lajlly^  In    refpe<5l   of   our 
Obligation  to  his  Majefty,    having  acknowledged 
him  to  be  fupreme  Governor  in  all  Caufes  Eccle- 
fiaftical,    we  cannot  endeavour  to  extirpate  this 
*'  Government  without  the  Royal  Aflent,  which  we 
*'  are  fo  far  from  defiring,    that  we  are  continually  Vo.  ^.197, 
*•'  praying.  That  the  King  may  not  he  prevailed  with  to  do 
"  an  A5t  fo  prejudicial  to  his  Confcience  and  Hcnour^  and 
*^  which,  by  his  Coronation  Oath,  he  is  bound  to  preferve. 
*'  By  the  Laws  of  the  Land  there  are  fundry  Privile- 
*'  ges  and  Emoluments  arifing  to  the  Crown  from 
*'  the  Ecclefiaftical   Eftate,    which  are  a  confider- 
*'  able  Part  of  the  Revenue,  which  by  the  Extirpa- 
"  tion  of  Prelacy  will  be  cut  off;  whereas  we  are 
*'  bound  by  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  maintain  the 
"  King's  Honour  and  Eftate.     An!  after  all,  the 
"  Prelatical  Government  is  beft  fuited  to  Monarchy, 
"  infomuch  that  King  James  ufed  to  fay,  No  Bijhop^ 
"  no  Kinz.  . 


£>' 


Objeoiions  to  the  third  Article. 
"  We  are  difiatisfied  with  the  Limitation  of  ouvAgainfitU 
"  Loyalty  in  ihefe  Words,  In  the  Prefervation  nnd''-;'^^  ^J'"- 
*«  Defence  of  the  true  Religion,  and  Liberties  of  the  King-  "■'^" 
*'  dom  •,   becaufe  no  fuch  Limitation  is  to  be  found  in    'P'^^^* 
**  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  nor  in  the  Word  of  God  •, 
"  becaufe  it  leaves  the  Duty  of  the  Subje(5l  loofe,  and 
♦«  the  Safety  of  the  King  uncertain.     The  Confcience 
Ff3  *'  of 


438  r/j^  HISTORY  VoLIII. 

Ki»g  <*  of  a  Papifr,  or  Sectary,  may  fwallow  an  Oath 
Charles  l.a  ^.jj-j^  fuch  a  Limitation,  buc  the  Confcience  of  a 
,^J^>^-^  "  good  Froteftant  cannot  but  ftrain  at  it.'* 

To  the  fourth  Article. 

"Agawjithe     They  reply,  **  That  the  impofing  the  Covenant 

fourth       «  jj^  j|^J5  Article  may  lay  a  Necefiity  upon  the  Son  to 

J"'^^'  ,  "  accufe  the  Father, ,  in    cafe  he    be  a    Mdignant^ 

■^•^''5-c,  which  is  contrary  to  Religion,  Nature  and  Huma- 

«'  nity  ;  or  it  may  open  a  Way  for  Children  that  are 

"  fick  of  their  Fathers,  to  effeft  their  unlawful  Inten- 

"='  tions,  by  accufing  them  of  Malignancy  ;    befides 

««  the  fubjeding  our  felves  to  an  arbitrary  Punifh- 

•*  ment,  at  the  fole  Pleafure  of  fuch  uncertain  Judges 

*'  as  may  be  deputed  for  that  Effedl,    is  betraying 

"  the  Liberty  of  the  Subjefl." 

OhjeSl'wns  to  thefflh  Article. 

'/gahfitle     <c  'vVe  can't  acknowledge  the  Happinefs  of  fuch  a 

ffth  Ar-    {c  Peace,    as  in  the  Article    is    mentioned,    for   no 

tt'Je.         jj  Peace  can  be  firm  and  well  grounded,  uniefs  the 

lUp.  io  .^^  refpe(5live    Authority,    Power,    and    Liberty    of 

"  King,  Parliament,  and  Subjeft,  be  preferved  full 

<*  and  entire,  according;  to  the  known  Laws,  and  re- 

"  fpeftive  Cuftoms  of  the  Kingdom,  before  the  Be- 

''  ginning  of  thefe  Difiradions." 

Ohje^ions  to  tbefi:xth  Article. 
fiftAinjiioe'    They  fay,  *'  We  are  not  fatisfied,  that  the  0?w/c7 
ftxth  Ar-   ii  Qf  cur  joinirig  in  Covenant  for  the  Profecution  of  the  late 
>■!< «'         tc   'ij/(i)\  was  the  Caufc  of  lidigion.^  Liberty]  and  Peace 
ib,  p.  2C7'j4  ^j  ^1^^  Kingdo7?i,  or  th(it  the  Glory  of  God.,  and  the  Ho- 
^''  m:ir  of  the  King^  ivas  concerned  in  it.     And  if  it  wa?, 
«*  we  are  not  fansfied  that  it  ought  to  be  Supported 
*'  and  carried  on  by  fuch  Means  as  are  deftituce  of  all 
■^4  Warrant  from  the  Word  of  God,  or  the  Laws  of 
"'  the  Realm.'* 
-r^c' DfJ-        In  Conclut'ion,  fay  .they,    *'  Our  Hearts  tremble 
-luftoii.     <i  »5  t,hink  that  we  ihould  be  required  to  pray,  that 

'      ''  other 


Chap. IX.      of  the  ?vRiTANs.  439 

"  other  Chrijlian  Churches  may  be  cucouraged   by  our    Kine; 

"  Example  to  join  in  the  like  Covenant  to  free  themfehes^^^^^'^^  ^' 

*■'■  from  the  Antichrijlian  Toke^  for  we  do  noc  know  any  v.J-^tl0 

"  Antichriftian  Yoke  we  were  under  -,  nor  do  we  yet 

*'  fee  fuch  good  Fruiis  of  this  Covenant  among  our 

"  fclves,  as  to  invite  U3  to  pray,  that  other  Churches 

*'  fhould  follow  our  Example ;  *tis  as  if  we  fliould 

*'  pray,  that  the  God  of  Love  and  Pence  would  take 

"  away  all  Love  and  Peace,  and  fet  the  Chridian 

"  World  in  a  Combuftion  ;  that  he  would  render  the 

*'  reformed  Religion  odious  to  the  World  ;  that  Chri- 

"  ftian  Princes  might  be  provoked  to  ufe  moreSeve- 

*'  rity  towards  thofe  of  the  reformed  Religion,  if  noc 

"  to  root  it  out  of  their  Dominions ;  for  the  Yoke  of 

"  Antichrifl-,  if  laid  upon  Subjefls  by  their  lawful 

«*  Sovereigns,   is  to  be  thrown  off  by  Chriflian  Bold- 

«*  nefs  in  confeffing  the  Truth,  and  fuffering  for  it, 

''  not  by  taking  up  Arms,  or  violent  refilling  of  the 

*'  Higher  Powers." 

After  thefe  Remarks  upon  thefeveral  Articles  they 
take  Notice, 


(i.)  Of  the  following  feeming  Contradidions  in  ihtCovtradi- 

Biom  in 
the  Cotje- 


Covenant,    as,  "  the  preferving,  and   yet  reforming^""'^  ^" 


"  one  and  the  fame  reformed   Religion.     The  Re-  ,    , 

*'  forming    Church  Government    according    to  the^j^        jj^ 

«'   Word  of  God,  and  yet  extirpating  that  Govern- 

*'  ment  which  we  apprehend  agreeable  to  it.     The 

*'  Extirpating  Herely  and  Schifm,  and  yet  difTolving 

•**  that  Government  in  the  Church,  the  want  of  the 

*'  due  Exercife  of  which  has   been  the  Occafion  of 

*'  the  Growth  of  thefe  Evils.     The  preferving  the 

**  Liberties  of  the  Kingdom,  and  yet  fubmitting  to  a 

*^  Covenant  dm]  0^//j  not  eltabliflied  by  Law. 

(2.)  They  obferve  fome  dark  and  doubtful   Ex-^""^'/"' 
preffions    which    they    don't    well    underftand  •,    z^,^^^",^^^"^ 
*^  Who  are  the  Cojnmon  Enemies?    Which   are  the^  ^^^^^ 
^*'  hejl    reformed  Churches?    W'ho    are   Malignanls?^^ 

F  f  4  ^'How     ^"     '* 


44©  r^f  HISTORY         VoLIIT. 

XzV^    "  How  far  the  bindr'wg  Reformation  may  be  extend- 

CharJesI.cc  ed,  e?^. 

^^^«A^     (3.  j  By  the  Ufe  that  has  been  made  of  the  Covenant 
^'hfurdi-    they  apprehend  "the  Conduft  of  the  Parliament  to 
ties,         '«  be  contrary  to  the  Meaning  of  it,  for  inftead  of 
*'  Reforming  the  Worfhip  and  Service  of  the  Church 
"  they  have  quite  abolifhed  it ;  inftead  of  Reforming 
*'  the  Difcipline  of  the  Church  it  is  quite  deftroyed, 
*'  or  put  upon  fuch  a  X'oot  as  is  not  ngreeable  to  the 
*'  Word  of  God,    or  the   Example  of  any  Church 
*'   fince  the  Creation.     Inftead  of  extirpating  Herefy 
"  and  Profanenefs  little  or  nothing  has  been  done  to- 
"  wards  it  but  only  the  Extirpation  of  Prelacy,  and 
'*  fomething  elfe  that  looks  fo  like  Sacrilege  (fay  they) 
**  that  we  dare  not  venture  upon  it.  And  as  for  the  Pre- 
<*  fervation  of  the  Kin^s  Honour  and  Eft  ate  in  defence  of 
*'  the  true  Religion^  and  Liberties  of  the  Kingdom^  tho* 
**  we  apprehend  all  other  Things  fhould  be  fubordi- 
**  nate  to  it,    yet  by  fome  bold  Speeches  that  have 
''  been  made  we  are  afraid  nothing  lefs  is  intended.'* 

Of  the  Salvoes  for  taking  the  Covenant. 

Sakoes  fcr     (^O  "  ^^  has  been  faid,    that  we  may  take  it  in  our 
takfK^the^^  oivn  SeJifc.     But  this   we   apprehend    contrary   to 
Cpvennnt,  «  the  Nature  and  End  Of  an  Oath  ;  contrary  to  the 
Ibij.        «t  End  of  Speech  ;    contrary  to  the  Defign  of  the 
p.izr,SL'c.<i  Covenant,  and  contrary  to  the  folemn  ProfefTion  ac 
salw  r.     t,  jj^g  Conclufion  of  it  (ws.)  Thai  lue  fJ.all  take  it  with 
*'  a  true  Intention  to  perform  the  fame,  as  ijoe  p:)all  an- 
* '  fwer  it  to  the  Searcher  of  all  Hearts  at  the  great  Day, 
*'  Befides,  this  would  htjefuitical\   it  would  be  ta- 
*'  king  the  Name   of  God  in  vain  ;    and   it  would 
'*  ftrengthen  the  Obje6lion  of  thofe  who  f;^y,  there  is 
**  no  Faith  to  be^iven  to  Proteflants. 
i?^;c'*II.        (2.)  **  It  has  been  faid,  we  may  take  the  Cove- 
«=  nATit  v.'ith  ihefe  Salvoes  expreffed,  fo  far  as  lawfully 
*  *  /  may^  fo  far  as  it  is  agreeable  to  the  IVord  of  God, 
'■'  find  tae  Laix^s  of  the  l^and^  faving  all  Oaths  by  me  for- 

*'  merly 


Chap.  IX.       of  fbe  PvKJT  Aus]  44 1 

'*  merly  taken,  &c.  which  is  no  better  than  vile  Hy-     R'ng 
**  pocrify  ;  for  by  the  fame  Rule  one  might  fubfcribe^''*'^''^  f* 
*'  to  the  Couficil  o/"  Trent,  or  the  Turkifli  Akoran.       vJ^^J^ 
(3.)  *'  It  is  faid,  that  zve  ma'j  take  the  Covenant  insalvolU. 
"  our  prefent  Circumjlances,  notwithflanding  our  AUc- 
*'  fiance  to  the  King,  hecaufe  Proteolion  and  SuhjeHion 
"  are  Relative:,  and  the  King  being  unable  to  prote5I  us 
*'  any  longer^  we  are  free  from  Subje5lion  to  him.     But 
*'  we  anlwer,  that  the  King's  Inability  to  perform 
"  his  Duty  does  not  difcharge  the  Subjeft  from  his, 
*'  as  long  as  he  is  able;  much  lefs  when  the  hlon- 
"  Proteolion  on   the  King's  Part,  is  not  from  want 
"  of  Will,  but  of  Power. 

(4.)  "  It   is  faid,  that  the  Parliament  hei^g  the  fu-SahplV. 
**  pre  am  Judicatory  of  the  Kingdom,  where foever  the  King 
' '  is  in  Pcrfon  he  is  alway  prefent  with  his  Parlia?nent  in 
»'  Power  ;  as  what  is  done  in  Courts  of  Jujlice  is  not  done 
*'  without  the  King,    but  by  him,  though  not  perfonall^ 
*'  prefent.     But  we  deny  the  King  to  be  always  prc- 
*'  fent  with  his  Parliament  in  Power,  for  then  his  adual 
*'  Royal  Affent  would  not  be  neceflary  to  the  making 
*'  of  Laws,  but  only  a  virtual  Affent  included  in  the 
*'  Votes  of  both  Houfes :  The  Houfes  need  not  then 
»'  defire  the  Royal  Affent,  nor  can  the  King  be  fup- 
*'  pofed  to  have  a  regative  Voice.     Befides,   the  Sta- 
*'  tute  which  provides,   that  the  King's  Affent  to  any 
"  Bill  fignified  under  his  Great  Seal  fhall  be  as  valid 
"  as  if  he  were  perfonally  prefent,  imports,  that  the 
"  King's  Power  is  not  prefent  with  his  two  Houfes, 
*'  otherwife  than  it  appears  in  Wis  Perfon,  or  under 
"  his  Great  Seal.    As  to  the  Analogy  ot  other  Courts 
«*  we  conceive  ic  of  no  Confequence  ;  in  other  Courts 
"  the  Judges  are  the  King's  Servants,    and  do  all 
*'  in    his  Name,    and   by   his  Authority  ;    they   fit 
*'  there  not  by  any  proper  Intercft  of  their  own,   but 
**  in    Right  of  the  King,   whofe  Judges  they  are; 
**   but  the  Parliament  is  the   King's  Council,    and 
*'  have  their  ftveral  proper  Rights  and  Interells  di- 
**  f^indl  from  the  King's,  by  virtue  of  which  they 

*'  are 


442  72^  H I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.III. 

*"   King     "  are  difl:in6t  Orders  and  Confervators  of  their  feve- 
Charles  l.<c  ^al  Interefts.     Befides,  the  Judges  of  other  Courts 
^J^I^  *'  are  bounded  by  the  Laws  in  being,  and  therefore 
■    "         '*  the  King's  perfonal  Prefence  is  not  neceffary  ;  but 
*'  the  Cafe  is  quite  different  in  making  new  Laws, 
"  for  the  making  of  new  Laws  is  the  Exercife  of  a 
*'  Legijlative  rather  than  a  Judicial  Po'wer  ;  now,  no 
"  A^  of  Legiflative  Power  can  be  valid,  unlefs  it 
«'  be  confirmed  by  fuch  Perfon  or  Perfons  as  the 
*'  Sovereignty  of  that  Coiurnunuy  reiideth  in.     Up- 
"  on  the  Whole,  fmceail  Judicial  Power  is  radically 
"   in  the  King,  who  is  therefore  called  the  Fountain 
*'  ofjujiice,  it  feems  to  us,  thii  *ieitiier  the  Judges 
*'  in  inferior  Courts,  nor  the  Lords  and  Commons 
"  afiembled  in  Parliament,  may  exercife  any  other 
'*  Power  over  the  Subjedls  of  this  Realm,  than  fuch 
*'  as  by  their  refpeftive  Patents   and  Writs  iffued 
♦'  from  the  King,  or  by  the  eftabiifhed  Laws  of  the 
•'  L,and,  formerly  affented  to  by  the  Kings  of  this 
*'  Realm,  does  appear  to  be  derived  froni  ihem  •,  by 
*'  which  Writs,  Patents,  and  Laws,  it  does  not  ap- 
*'  pear  that  ttie  two  Houf.-.r  of  Parliament  have  any 
"  Power  without  the  King,  to  order,  command,  or 
*'  tranfad: ;  but  only  witi;  him  to  treat,  confult,  and 
*'  advife,  concerning  the  great  Affairs  of  Ltie  Kingr 
*'  dom." 

Concerjilng  the  Negative  Oath, 

ohjeBsov.s  They  fay,  *' We  cannot  take  it  without  giving  up 
tothe\si'  c<  Q^jj.  Liberties,  withour  abufing  our  natural  Alle- 
Oath^  "  giance,  and  without  Diminution  of  his  Majelty's 
Ibid.*       *'  juft  Power  and  Greatnefs." 


p.  245. 


Concerning  the  Discipline  and  Directory. 


And  Dire-  ct  Wg  are  not  fatisfied  to  fubmit  to  the  Ordinance 
ttoty.  tt  j-^j.  ertahiifliing  the  Direi7ory,  becaufc  it  has  not 
-t>-  i'-i44-u  the  Royal  Alknt,  and  yet  abrogates  Adlsof  Par- 

*Uiamenc 


Chap. IX.      c/* //v  Puritans.'  4^^ 

*'  liament  made  by  the  joint  Confcnt  of  King,  Lords     King 
•'  and  Commons,  efpecially  one,  which  annexes  theCharlcs  L 
*'  whole  Power  of  ordering  all  Ecclefiaftical  Matters  ^jf'J^ 
"  for  ever  to  the  Imperial  Crown  of  this  Realm  i^^'^*'^' 
*'  now  we  are  not  fatisfied  that  a  lefs  Power  can 
"  have  a  jufl  Right  to  abrogate  a  greater. 

**•  If  under  the  Title  of  Difcipline  be  comprehended 
"=  the  Government  of  the  Church  alfo,  we  declare, 
"  we  cannot  confent  to  the  Eradication  of  a  Govern- 
*'  ment  of  fuch  reverend  Antiquity,  which  has  from 
"  Time  to  Time  been  confirmed  by  the  Laws  of  the 
*-  Kingdom,  and  which  the  Kings  at  their  fucccfTive 
**  Coronations  have  fworn  to  preferve.  If  the  Word 
"  DiJcipUne  be  dillinguifhed  from  Government^  as  in 
*'  the  firft  Article  of  the  Covenant,  yet  are  we  not 
*'  fatisfied  to  place  fo  much  Power  in  the  Hands  of 
*'  Perfons  (many  of  whom  may  be  of  mean  Quality) 
*'  for  the  keeping  back  Thoufands  of  well  meaning 
"  Chriftians  from  the  blelled  Sacrament,  when  Sainc 
Paul,  in  a  Church  abounding  with  fundry  Errors, 
and  Corruptions  in  Faith  and  Manners,  fatisfies 
himfelf  with  a  general  Declaration  of  the  Danger 
of  unworthy  communicating,  and  enjoins  every 
particular  Perfon  a  Self- Examination,  without  em- 
powering either  Minifters  or  Lay-Elders  to  ex- 
clude any  from  the  Communion  upon  their  Exa- 
mination. 

"  As  to  the  DireHor-j  it  felf,  we  cannot,  without 
regret  of  Confcience,  and  during  the  Continuance 
of  the  prefcTit  Laws,  confent  to  the  taking  away 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  which  we  have  fublcri- 
bed,  and  folemnly  promifed  to  ufe  no  other,  which 
we  believe  concains  in  it  nothing  but  what  is  juit- 
ly  defenfible  ;  and  which  we  think  our  feh'es  ablq 
to  juftify  againfl  all  Papirts  and  Sedaries.  Befides, 
we  look  upon  the  Statute  enjoining  the  Ufe  of  che 
Common  Prayer  to  be  ft  ill  in  force,  and  will  always 
remain  fo,  'till  it  (hall  be  repealed  by  the  fame 
,good  and  full  Authority  by  which  it  was  made  ; 

'*  that 


(C 


444  77j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. ' 

King    "  that  is,  by  the  free  Confent  of  King,  Lords  and 
Charles  l.tt  Commons." 

ill'jLj  By  comparing  thefe  Reafons  with  thofe  of  the  Par- 
£e^arkf.  h'ament  Divines  for  taking  the  Covenant,  the  Reader 
will  be  capable  to  judge  of  their  Force.  If  the  Con- 
fiitution  had  been  entire,  and  the  Laws  had  their  free 
and  ordinary  Courfe,  as  in  Times  of  Peace,  moft  of 
them  would  have  been  conciufive  ;  but  how  far  the 
Juftice  of  the  War,  and  Self  Defence,  will  vindicate 
the  extraordinary  Proceedings  of  the  Parliament, 
mud  be  left  to  every  one*s  Judgment.  I  am  no  Advo- 
cate for  the  Particulars  of  the  Covenant  no  more  than 
for  the  high  and  arbitrary  Principles  o^  GovB'mnenty 
contained  in  ihtUniverfiifs  Reafons.  The  Confciences 
of  Men  are  not  under  the  Diredion  of  their  IVtlls^  and 
therefore  ought  not  to  be  obliged  by  Oaths,  or  Prote- 
Jialions,  or  Covenants,  to  attempt  thofe  Things  in 
Matters  of  Religion  for  which  their  own  Hearts  mufl; 
condemn  them.  Religion  and  Civil  Government 
fland  upon  a  diftind  Bafis ;  the  Magiflrate  may  de- 
mand Security  for  Men's  peaceable  Submiflion  to  the 
Government  they  live  under,  but  ought  not  to  force 
them  to  beaftive  againft  the  Light  of  their  Confciences. 
But  the  Univerfuy  Reafons  are  nor  built  upon  thefe 
Principles ;  for  thofe  Gentlemen  were  as  much  for  the 
Coercive  Power  of  the  Magiftrate  in  Matters  of  Con- 
fciencc  as  the  Puritans ;  I  fhall  therefore  only  remark, 
that  whereas  they  fay,  the  Allegiance  of  the  Subje^,  and 
^he  Proteolion  of  the  King,  are  not  Relatives  ;  and  that  the 
Kin£s  Inability  to  difcharge  his  Duty  does  ?jot  abfolve  the 
Subject  from  his,  that  upon  thefe  Principles  the  Crown 
can  never  be  forfeited  ',  a  Coronation  Oath  is  of  very 
little  fignificance  •,  nor  may  a  Nation  fubmit  to  a  Con- 
queror when  they  can  refill  no  longer.  Inability  alone 
in  the  Prince  may  not  in  all  Cafes  abfolve  us  from  our 
/Mlegiance,  but  Tyranny,  Oppreffion,  and  Overt 
Attempts  to  fubvert  the  whole  Conllitution  and  L,aws 
of  the  Country,  certainly  may  :  Upon  what  other 
Principles  caa  we  juftify  the  late  Revolution,  and  the 

Prq. 


Chap.  IX.       of  the  Vu  KIT  A}J  s.  445 

Proteftanc  Succcfiion.  When  the  Oxford  Divines  had  i^">g 
taken  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  King  James  II.  and^^**"^"'* 
the  Corporation  Oath,  which  fays,  Jl  is  not  lawfil  to^^^,^^!!^ 
refjl^  or  lake  Up  Arms  againji  the  Klvg  vf^on  any  Pretence 
wbatfoevsr  \  what  could  abfolve  thci  Irom  thcfe 
Oaths,  or  iuftify  their  joining  the  PriwcY  <7/^  Orange 
with  a  foreign  Force  againlt  a  King  upon  the  Throne? 
However,  this  A(5t  of  the  Univeriuy  was  a  bold  and 
adventurous  Attempt  at  this  Time,  tor  which  they 
had  afterwards  the  Congratulations  of  the  Oxford  Par- 
liament in  the  Year  1665.  when  it  was  refolved,  ^ 
**  That  the  Thanks  of  the  Koufe  of  Commons  be  re- 
'*  turned  to  the  Chancellor,  Mailers,  and  Scholars, 
"  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  for  their  bold  Oppofi- 
*'  tion  to  the  rebellious  Vifitors ;  for  refufing  to  fub- 
"  mit  to  their  League  a?id  Covenant  ;  and  Lajlly,  For 
*'  the  illultrious  Performance  they  printed,  entitled, 
*'  The  Judgment  of  the  Univerfity,  &c.  in  which  they 
**  have  learnedly  maintained  the  King's  Caufe.*'  This 
was  the  fafhionable  Doctrine  of  King  Charles  the 
Second's  Reign,  when  the  Laws  were  fufpended,  and 
arbitrary  Power  in  the  Prince  rofe  up  to  fuch  a  Height 
as  occafioned  a  Revolution  of  Government  in  the  nexc 
Reign.  The  Univerfity  of  0;^/or^  did  all  they  could 
to  fupport  ir,  for  in  the  Year  16S3.  they  palled  a  De- 
cree in  full  Convocation,  affirming  the  Necefllcy  of 
Paflive-Obediencc  and  Non-Refiftance  in  the  ftrong- 
cft  Terms ;  but  how  foon  were  the  'I'ables  turned  ! 
when  within  five  Years  thefe  very  Gentlemen  thoughc 
fit  to  enter  into  an  Affociation  to  ftand  by  the  Prince 
ot  Orange  againll  the  King  that  was  then  upon  the 
Throne,  and  have  fince  had  the  Mortification  tofee  their 
Decree  burnt  by  the  Hands  of  the  common  Hangman. 

To   return   to  the  Vifitation,  Ma\  15.  a  Cuationr///?ft«5 
was  iffucd  in  the  Names  of  Ten  cA  the  Vifitors  then  \n''P-^''^- 
London,  to  tiie  Proctors,  and  Heads  of  Houfes,  or-^^-^-''""* 
their    Vice- Principals,    requiring  them,    and  all  the^''"^* 
Officers,  Scholars,  i^c.  to  appear  in  the  Convoca- 
tion-Houfe,  on  Friday  June  4.  between  the  Plours  of 

N'.ne 


446  Ty^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    Nine  and  Eleven  in  the  Morning,  and  to  bring  with 
tharles  l.j.|^gf„  a  Lift  of  the  feveral  Names  of  thofe  that  were 
^^^SjZl^  abfent,  and  of  the  Colleges  to  which  they  belonged. 
Ac  the  Time  appointed  the  Reverend  Mr.  Harris^ 
Mr.  Reynolds,    Mr.   Rogers,     Mr.   He;iry   IVilkinfon, 
Mr.  Cheynely    Mr.  John  Wilkinfon,    Mr.  Dunce,  and 
Mr.  Diaper,  &c.   opcn'd  the  Vifitation  with  Prayers 
and  a   Sermon  at  Sr.  Mary's  Church,  from  whence 
they  proceeded  to  the  Convocation-Houfe,  where  the 
Vice-Chancellor  [Dr.  Fell]  and  a  few  of  the  Scholars, 
had  been  waiting  for  fome  Time  ;  but  perceiving  the 
Vifuors  were  like  to  out-ftay  the  precife  Hour  of  Ci- 
tation, he  ordered  the  Sexton  to  fet  th€  Clock  exadly 
with  the  Sun,  and  as  foon  as  it  ftruck  Eleven  he  dif- 
miffed  the  Scholars,    and  marched   away   with  the 
Beadles  before  him  v  the  Vifitors  met  them  in  their 
Return  at  the  ProJcboUiim^  where  the  PalTage  being 
narrow,    the    Beadle  cried  out.    Make  way  for  Mr. 
Vice-Chancellor,    which    the  Vifitors   did.     And   the 
Vice-Chancellor  having  moved  his  Hat,  as  he  pafled 
by,    fa  id,    How  do  ye.  Gentlemen,    'lis^aji  Eleven  a 
vnherfity  Qock.     But  the  Vifuors  went  forward,   and  having 
life  the  ^'■^"-confulred  about  an  Hour  upon  the  Vice-Chancellor's 
d^wik   Behaviour  refolved  to  adjourn  till  Michaelmas,  and 
Tjotfub-     return  to  London,  in  order  to  obtain  further  Powers 
mit.         from  the  Parliament.  *  In  the  mean  Time  Dr.  Fell 
fummoned  a  Co?nmittee  of  the  Heads  of  the  feveral  C oik' 
ges,  who  came  to  the  following  Refolutions. 

1.  That  no  Man  fliould  appear  before  the  Vifitors 
unlefs  the  Summons  had  Five  Names. 

2.  That  no  one  Ihould  appear  upon  an  Holy  Day. 

3.  That  he  fliould  demand  by  what  Authority  he 
was  fummoned  ;  and  if  denied  an  Anfwer  fhould  pre- 
fently  depart. 

4.  That  if  they  declared  their  Authority  he  fliould 
anfwer  with  a  [alvis  jurihus  Regni,  Academiae  i^  Colle- 
gii,  b:c. 

5.  That 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritan  s;  447 

5.  That  he  (hould  demand  his  Acciifation  in  Wri-     King 
ting,  as  allb  Time  to  put  in  his  Anfwer,  and  fiiould Charles  I. 
return  ic  in  Writing,  and  nootherwile.  i^iil^ 

Lajlly,  That  he  Ihould  utterly  refule  to  Anfwer  on   "^^^ 
Oath,  becaufe  that  would  be  to  accufe  himiclf,  and 
would  plainly  revive  the  Oath  Ex  OJfuio. 

Such  was  the  ftouc  Behaviour  of  rhtlc  few  Acade-Si-fT.  Clcr. 
micks,  "who  (according  10  Dr.  /P^alker)  poured  ip-p.  '-  i, 
"  on  the  Vifitors  ail  manner  of  Coniempr  «nd  Scorn;  '^5»  *^^» 
*'  though  they  knew  their  very  Lives  anO  Fortunes'^"* 
»'  were  at  their  Difpofal.     The  Univerfiiy  (fays  he) 
*'  held  out  a  Siege  of  more  than  a  Year  and  Half  ;  the 
"  Convocation-Houfe  proved  a   Citadel,    and  each 
*'  fingie  College  a   Fort  not  eafy  to  be  reduced," 
a  furprifing  Inftance  of  the  Humanity  of  the  Vifitors, 
and  an  unanfwerabie  Demonftration  of  the  Neceflicy 
of  the  Parliament's  dilpoirefTing  them  ! 

The  Two  Houfes  having  reiolved  to  fupport  their p^*"^^''- 
Vifuors,  and  enable  them  to  go  through  their  Work  ;'"';'"  ''*' 
paft  an  Ordiiiance,  Ji/g.  26.  err.powering  them  "  to  zd-f-Jp^^^ 
"  minifler  ihtCovenant^  and  the  N^gaii'ue Oatb ;  to  dt- their  ri- 
<'  mand  the  Perufal  of  the  Statutes^  Regijiers,  Accompts^fi-tors. 
**  &c.  and  of  all  other  Papers  of  the  Univerfity,  andlb.  p.  liS, 
*'  of  the  refpedive  Colleges  and  Halls  ;  and  to  feize 
*'  and  detain  in  Cuftody  any  Perfon,    who  after  a  per- 
"  fonal  Citation  refufed  to  appear,  and  produce  their 
*'  Books  and  Papers  after  a  fecond  Citation  •,  a  Jury 
*'  was  alfo  to  be  impanill'd,  of  iVIembers  of  the  Uni- 
"  verfity,  above  the  Age  of  Twenty  one,   to   en- 
'*  quire  by  Oath  on  the  Articles  contained  in  the  Or- 
*'  dinance  of  Vificationi"    and  a  new  CommilTion 
was  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Attorney  General  St.  Jobn^ 
with  the  Great  Seal  affixed  to  it  [_Sept.  27.]  autho- 
rifing  the  Perl'ons  above-named,  to  vific  the  Univcr- 
ficy  without  any  further  Warrant  ;  the  Commilfion 
began   in   the  ufial   Form,    Cbarles,  ly  the  Grace  of 
Go{i,  &c.  io  our  iru/iy  and  'wellbeloved  Sir  Nath.  Brent, 
&c.  Know  ye,  that  vje  intcndirig  'the  Regnlaticn  and  Re- 
formation of  our  Univerfjy  ^/Oxford,  cs'c.  which  was 

VtTV 


448  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    very  odd,  confidering  the  King  was  never  confulted 
Charles  I-about  the  Fifttation^  nor  confented  to  it ;  but  the  Hou- 
yJ^-y^Lt  ^^5  affeded  this  Form,  from  a  miftaken  Suppofition, 
that  the  King  was  always  prefent  with  his  Parliament 
in  his  legiflative  Capacity  ;  but  it  ferved  no  other  Par- 
pofe  than  giving  the  Adverfary  an  Opportunity  to  ridi- 
cule their  Proceedings,  and  charge  them  with  Forgery. 
yj&e  riftta-     Furnilh'd  with  thefe  new  Powers  the  Vifitors  re- 
tien  rem-  turned  to  Oxford  the  latter  End  of  September,    the 
*i  •  .,      Mayor,  Sheriffs,  and  other  Magiftrates,  being  com- 
Antiq.      nianded  to  aid  and  affift  them  as  there  ibould  be  occa- 
Oxon.      fion.  On  Michaelmas  Day  a  Paper  was  fix*d  to  the  Door 
p.  38?.     ofUniverfily  Churchy  giving  Notice,  that  the  Vifitation 
would  now  proceed  de  die  m  diem.  Next  Day  a  Citation 
was  iffued  to  all  the  Heads  of  Houfes,    requiring 
them  to  bring  in  their  Statutes,  Regifters,  Accompts, 
and    all    their   publick  Writings,    to   the  Wardens 
Lodgings  at  Merton  College.     The  Vice-Chancellor  was 
ordered  to  appear  at  the  fame  Time,  to  anfwer  to 
fuch  Queltions,  as  fhould  be  demanded  of  him,  and 
to  fend  by  the  Hands  of  the  Perfons  who  ferved  thofe 
Orders,    all  the  Books  and  Afts  belonging   to  the 
Univerfity.     The  Frotlors  were  likewife  enjoined  to 
bring  in  their  Books,  Keys,  and  other  publick  Things 
in  their  Culiody.     But  it  is  not  enough  to  fay  (fays 
the  Oxford  Antiquary)  that  ever'j  one  of  thefe  Orders 
were  dlfohe^ed ;    the'j  were  alfo  defpifed  and  contemned. 
However,  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Heads  of  Colle- 
ges condefcended  to  appear  at  the  fecond  Summons, 
05loher  6.  but  inftead  of  brino-ing  their  Books  and' 
Papers,  they  demanded  to  know,    by  what  Authority 
they  were  fiunmoned  ?  upon  v^hich  the  Vifitors  produ- 
ced their  CommilTion  under  i\\t  Broad  Seal,  and  at  the 
fame  Time  ferved  them  with  a  third  Citation,  to  ap- 
pear four  Days  after  with  their  Books  and  Papers,  or 
wiih  their  Reafons  in  Writing  why  they  refufed  fo  ta 
Thevm-   ^q      Next  Day  they  fent  for  the  Keys  of  the  Convoca- 
""fujiulot    ^^°^^-^^"f^ and  School,  and  for  the  Beadles  Staves,  but 
fubmit.     they  were  denied.     The  Day  following  the  Pro^.ors 

appeared. 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritans.'  449 

appeared,  and  delivered  a  Proteftation,  attefted  by  a     King 
publick  Nocary,  in  the  Nameof  the  Vice-Cliancellor,^^»*''le3  I. 

Delegates,  and  all  the  Scholars,  to  this  Piupofe,  tli'^t^^^^ 
'  they  could  not  own  any  Vifuor  but  the  King^  ^"^^Ib.  p.  389, 
*  that  having  fworn  to  maintain  his  Righr,  they^9'3. 
'  could  not,  without  Perjury  fubmit  themfelves  to 
'  this  Vifitation,  wherewith  they  defire  them  to  ac- 
'  quaint  the  Parliament."  Upon  this  Dr.  Fell  the 
Vice-Chancellor,  the  very  fame  Day,  was  deprived 
of  his  Vice-Chancellorfhip,  and  publick  Notice  was 
given  to  the  Prodors,  and  other  Officers  of  the  Uni- 
verfity,  not  to  obey  him  any  longer  under  that  Cha- 
rader  ;  but  the  Dodlor,  without  Regard  to  his  De- 
privation, or  to  the  Prorogation  of  the  Term,  which 
the  Vifitors  had  adjourn'd  from  the  loch  to  the  15th 
Inftant,  proceeded  on  the  nth  to  hold  a  Congrega- 
tion, and  open  the  Term  as  ufual  ;  whereupon  he 
was  taken  into  Cuftody,  and  fome  Time  after,  by 
Order  of  Parliament  brought  to  Loudon;  immediate- 
ly upon  which  Dr.  Potter^  Prefident  oi^  Trinity  College^ 
order'd  the  Beadles  with  their  Staves  to  attend  him 
as  Pro-Fice-Chancellor.  November  2d  and  4th  the  feve- 
vcral  Heads  of  Colleges  then  prefenc  appeared  before 
the  Vifitors,  but  without  their  Statute  Books  and  Pa- 
pers, and  being  called  in  feverally,  were  alked  in 
their  Turns,  Whether  they  approved  of  the  JudidumSuS.  Clefi 
Univerfitatis ',  or  the  Reajons  of  the  Univerfity  above-?' ^i^* 
mentioned?  Whether  they  own\d  the  Power  of  the  f^ifitors  ? 
Or  v^^hether  they  approved  of  the  Anfwer  of  the  ProSlors 
in  the  Name  of  the  whole  Univerfity  ?  And  refufing  to 
give  a  diredl  Anfwer  they  were  ferved  with  a  Citation 
to  appear  before  the  Cominittee  for  Reformation  of  the 
Univerfity  at  Weftminfter  the  nth  Inltant,  which 
ihey  did  accordingly,  and  having  owned  their  Ap- 
probation of  the  Anfwer  of  the  ProElors  in  the  Name 
of  the  Univerfity,  they  tendered  a  Paper  to  the  Com- 
mittee in  the  Name  of  all  that  had  been  cited,  fetting 
forth,  *'  That  what  they  had  done  was  not  out  of 
«'  Obftinacy,  but  from  Confcience  ;  and  praying. 
Vol.  hi.  G  g  « thac 


450  77:;^  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

Kng  "  that  in  an  Affair  of  fo  much  Confequence  they 
^'"<'^^  ^'"  rnight  be  allowed  Time  to  advife  with  CounciJ." 
,J1«A^  Their  Requefl  being  readily  granted  two  Gentlemen 
They  are  o\  the  Long  Robe  of  their  own  Nomination  (viz.) 
J.'eardhy  Mr.  Hale  and  Mr.  Chute,  were  appointed  their 
/^e/r  cc«;;- (Council.  The  Day  of  Hearing  was  Dc'c'c'/Wi^ifr  9.  the 
'^^ '  Pofition  chey  offered  to  maintain  was,  that  it  was  one 

of  the  Privileges  of  the  Univerfity  to  he  fubje^i  only  to  a 
iio.yall^ijilatiofi  ;  the  Council  for  the  Univerfity  made 
Zccl.  Hift.a  learned  Argument  upon  this  Head;  bur,  as  Mr. 
p.  766.     Collier  obferves,  this  Qiieftion  had  been  debated  be- 
fore the  King  and  Council  in  the  Year   1637.  when 
Archbidiop  Laud  claimed  a  Right   of  vifuing  the 
two  Univerfities  Jure  Aletropolitico.     It  was  then  ad- 
mitted, that  the  King  might  vifit  when  he  pleafed, 
but  after  a  full  Hearing  his  Majefly,  with  the  Ad- 
vice of  his  Council,  declared  and  adjudged  the  Right 
of  Vifiting  both  Univerfities,  as  Univerfities,   to  be- 
long to  the  Archbifhop,  and  Mscropolirical  Church 
of  Canterbury^  by  themfelves  or  Commilfaries,  and 
that  the  Univerfities  fnould  from  Time  to  Time  be 
obedient  thereunto.     Which    Determination    of  his 
Majefty,    the  Archbifhop  moved  might  be  drawn  up 
by  Council  learned  in   the  Uaw,   and  put  under  the 
Broad  Seal  to  prevent  Difputes  for  the  future,  which 
was  accordingly  done;    the  Univerfity  therefore  loft 
their  (^eftion  in  the  Committee.     The  Council  for 
the  Vifitors  were  further  of  Opinion,  that  the  Kingly 
Pozverzijas  always  virtually  pre  fen  I  with  his  great  Council  of 
Parliament,  and  that  therefore  they  might  vifit  -,    but 
fuppofing  this  to  be  a  Miftake,  they  afiirmed,  that  the 
Parliameni:  had  an  undoubted  Right  to  reform  the'Uni- 
verfity  by  the  Articles  cf  Capitulation,  in  which^they  had 
^ut  are     cxprefly  referved  tins  Power  to  themfelves.  After  a  full 
cifi.         Hearing  on  both  Sides  the  Committee  voted,  that  the 
Anfwer  cf  the  fever  al  Heads  oflioujes^  and  of  others  of  the 
Univerfty^  i^as  derogatory  to  the  Authority  of  Parliament. 
J  et.  to  Mr.      'j'j-jj;  Oxford  Divines  not  fatisfied  with  this  Determi- 
t  ft'^cV   I'^'^^i^"  appealed  fuon  after  to  the  Publick,  in  a  Letter 


Chap.  TX.       of  the  Puritan  s.  45 1 

to  the  learned  Mr.Sddefi,  Burgel'sfor  the  Univerfiry,     Kmg 

entitled,  The  Cafe  of  the  Univerfuy  of  Ox\or6  ;  or,  tiic^^^'-f'^'  ^' 

fad  Dilemma  thac  all   the   Members  thereof  arc  P^'f  t^J^t^O 

to,  to    be  perjured  or  deilroyed.     The  l-etttr  fays,  y^i  pj,n,p. 

'*  thac  the  only  Qiicftion  propofed  by  the  Vifitors  lON^  34- 

*'  every  fingle  Perfon  in  the  Univerfity  is,  IVhcther 

*«  he  zvill  Jubmit  to  the  Power  of  the  Parliameiit  in  this 

"  Vifilation?  To  which  they  reply,  thai  unlefs  they 

*«  have  the  pcrfonal  Confent  of   the  King  they  can- 

*'  not  fubmit  to  any  Vifitacion  without  danger  of  Per- 

»'  jury,  as  appears  by  the  Words  of  the  Oacii,  which 

*'  are,  T'oujhallfwear  to  obferve  all  the  Statutes,  Lil/er- 

*'  ties.    Privileges,  and  Ciijloms  of  the  Unvverfuy  \    to 

*'  which  the  Scholar  anfwers,  /  fvjear.     Now  it  be- 

"  ing  one  of  our  Privileges  to  be  vificed  by  none  but 

*'  the  King,  or   by   the  Archbifliop  of  Canterbury^ 

*'  the  Archb;fliop  being  dead,  it  follows,   we  can  be 

*'  vificed  by  none  but  the.King  ;   to  fubmit  therefore 

"  to  another  Vifitation  muft  De  a  Breach  of  our  Li- 

*'  berties,    and     confequently     dbwnrigiic     Perjury. 

*'  They   urged  further,  the  Statutes  of  their  feveral 

*'  Colleges,  which   bind   them  to   certain  Rules  in 

**  their  Elecfling   of  Pro<5lors,    in   the   Calling  and 

"  Meeting  of  Convocations,  in  the  Choice  of  feveral 

*'  Officers  in  Cafe  of  a  Vacancy,  all  which,  infbead 

'*  of  being  rcferr'd  to  the  Members  of  the  Univer- 

*'  fity,   is  now  done  by  the  arbitrary  Power  of  rhe 

*'  Vifnors.     Nothing  (Tay  theyj  can  be  aliedg'd  in 

••   Anfwer  to  this,   but  chc  pretended  fovereign  X-^ow- 

*'  er  of  the  two  Houfes  to  make  and  aboiiOi  Laws, 

"  which    We    abfolutely     difbc-lieve.      Upon     rlic 

"  Whole,  they  appeal  to  any  Divine,  whether  they 

*'  ought  to  fubmit  to   the  Vifitation  as  long  as  rhcy 

*'   believe  their  Oaths  to  be  in  full  Force,  and  are 

*'  confident,  that  the  Two  Houles  cannot  difpenfe 

*'   wirh.them?     And  confequently.    Whether   they 

**  ought  to   be  turned  out  of  their  Freeholds  on  this 

*'   Account?  "    But  this  Reafoning  was  thought  too 

weak  to  deferve  any  furtiier  Anfwer. 

G  g  2  Tfc« 


452  Ty^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Ki»c:  The  Committee  at  London  having  waited  to  the 
CharJcs  ^-End  of  the  Month  o{  December,  to  fee  if  any  of  the 
sl--^/^  Heads  of  Colleges  would  fubmir,  voted  Dr.  Fell  out 
SufF.  cier.of  his  Deanry  of  Chrift  Church  for  Contumacy  *,  and 
P- 15^'     pafs*d  the  fame  Sentence  upon 

Dr.  Oliver^  Prefident  of  Magdalen  College, 

Dr.  Potter,  —— *—  Trinity, 

Dr.  Bayly y  — —  '  '■»'  St,  John's, 

Dr.  Radcliffe,  Principal  of  Brazen  Nofe^ 
Dr.  Gardner,^ 

Dr.  Ties,         >  Canons  of  Chrif  Church, 
Dr.  Morley,    > 

Their  (inb-     g^^  ^hg^  ^\^^\j.  RefoJutions  wcrc  fent  to  Oxford 
orn  ^  ^■'^"rhe  proper  Officers  refufed   to  publifh    them,   and 
when  they  were  pafted  upon  the  Walls  of  the  Colle- 
ges they  were  torn  down,  and  trampled  under  foot  i 
upon    which  the  Pro-Vice-Chancellor,   and  the  Two 
Prbcflors  were  ordered  into  Cuftody,   but  they  ab- 
fconded,  and  Dr.  Oliver  afTumed  the  Office  of  Pro- 
\Vhitlock,Vice-Chancellor.     The  Parliament    provoked  with 
^•^'^^'     this  Ufa ge  paffed  an  Ordinance  Jan.  22,   164I.  con- 
flituting  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  Chancellor  of  Oxford, 
and  March  8.   they  ordered  him  to  repair  thither  in 
Perfon,  to  fupport  the  Vifitors,  and  place  the  feve- 
ral  Perfons  whom  the  Committee  had  chofen,  in  the 
'         refpc(5tive  Chairs  of  thofe  they  had  ejected. 
li.o/Pem-     Jpril  11.  the  Chancellor  made  his  publick  Entrance 
broke       jm-Q  [he  City,  attended  with  a  great  Number  of  Cler- 
^ru^t^  gy,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Country,  and  about  one 
Pcr/cn."    Hi-indred   Horfe  out  of  Oxford  it  felf ;    the  Mayor 
welcomed  him  at  his  Entrance  into  the  City  with  a 
congratulatory  Speech  ;  and  when  he  came    to   his 
Lodgings  Mr.  Button,  one  of  the  new  Pro6tors,  made 
a  Speech  to  him  in  Latin,  but  not  one  of  the  Heads 
of  Colleges  came  near  him  ;    the  Infignia  of  the  Uni- 
verfity  were  not  to  be  found,  and  the  Scholars  treat- 
ed the  Chancellor  siiid  his  Retinue  with  all  that  Rude- 

nefs 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  PvRiTA^s.  453 

nefs  they  had  been  taughc  to  exprefs  towards  all  that     k^-^.^ 
adhered  to  the  Parliament.         *  Chares  I. 

Next  iMorning  the  Earl,  attended  with  a  Gu-ard  cf  ^jr>^S^ 
Soldiers,  went  to  Chrijl  Church,  and  having  in  VAinnisPro- 
defired   Mrs.  Fell,    the   Dean*s   Wife,    to.  quit  thtceedings. 
Lodgings  peaceably,  he  commanded  the  Soldiers  toSufi".  Cler. 
break,  open    the    Doors,    and    carry    her    out  in  aP*  ^53* 
Chair  into  the  Mi^le  of  the  Quadrangle  j  he  then 
put  the  new  ele<5led  Dean,  Mr.  Reynolds,  afterwards 
Bifhop  of  Norivich  into  PofTefiion  -,    from  thence  his 
Lordfliip,  with  the  ^Vifitors,  went  to  the  Hall,  and 
having  got  the  Buttery  Book,  flruck  out   Dr.  Fe'll's 
Name,  and  inferted  that  of  Mr.  Reynolds  j  the  like 
they  did  by   Dr.  Hammond  Sub-Dean,  and   publick 
Orator  j    by    Dr.  Gardner,    Dr.  Rayne,    Dr.  Wall,  ' 

Dr.  lies,  and  Dr.  Morley,  placing  in  their  ftead  Mr. 
Corbet,  who  was  made  publick  Orator  -,  Mr.  Rogers^ 
Mr.  Mills,  Mr.  Cornijh,  Mr.  Henry  Wilkinjon,  fen. 
and  Mr.  Langiey  -,  Dr.  Sanderfon  being  fpared  becaufe 
he  was  out  of  Town  when  the  laft  Summons  was 
iffued. 

In  the  Afternoon  they  held  a  Convocation,  which R-"^^« 
was   opened   with   an    elegant   Latin  Oration,    pro-P'  ^°  ^ 
>  nounced    by   Mr.  Corbet  their  new  Orator.     When 
the  Chancellor  had  taken  the  Chair  in  the  Convoca- 
tion-Houfe  he  declared  Mr.  Reynolds  Vice-Chancel- 
lor,  who  took  an  Oath  to  obferve  the  Statutes  and 
J*rivileges  of  the  Univerfiry,  fubjeft  to  the  Autho- 
rity of  Parliament.     Mr.  Button  and  Mr.  Crofs  wereSufF.  Cler. 
declared    Pro6lors,    and    all   Three    returned    theirP*^^5> 
Thanks  to  the  Chancellor  in  Latin  Speeches.     At'^"^* 
this  Convocation    Degrees   were  conferr'd   upon   di- 
vers learned  Men.     Mr.  Chambers,  Mr.  Callicott,  and 
Mr.  Harris,  were   made   Dodlors  of  Divinity  •,   Mr. 
Palmer  DoQioi  of  Phyfick  ;  Mr.  J.  Wilkins,  [after- 
wards Bifhop,]  Mr.  Langley,  Mr.  Comijfj,  and  Mr. 
Cheynell,  Ba'.cnelors  of  Divinity  ;  the  young  Earl  of 
Caruarvan,  the  Chancellor's  two  youngcft  Sons,  and 
fcveral  other  Gentlemen,  Matters  of  Ans. 

G  g  3  Next 


454  77.^  H  I S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

K^ng        Next  Morning,  April  lo^.  the  Chancellor  and  Vi- 
Chancs  I  fitors,  wah  a  Guard  of  Mufqueiiers,  went  to  Magda- 
^_^,.^^    /.v;  College,  and  having  broke  open  the  Doors  of  the 
Prtfiden  '3  Lodgings  [_  Dr.  Oliver '\  who  was  out  of 
the  Wav,  ;hey  gave  Dr.  fVilkinJor'  Poflcflion.     In  the 
Atten.oon   fhey  wenc  10  All-Sculs,    where   Dr.  Sbel- 
dof?y  the    Warden  appeared^   but  refufing  to  fuDinit, 
^'enc  ba.k  ro  his  Lodgings  and  lock'd  the  Doors, 
which  being  broke  open,  ihe  Doctor  was  taken  into 
Cuftody  f  r  his  Contempt,  and  Dr.  Palmer  put  in  his 
Place  j  fror*:;  thence  they  went  to  I'rifiity  College,  and 
having  broke  open  the  Lodgings,  Dr.  Harris  was  put 
into  PoiTeffion  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  I^otler.     In  lij^s 
manner  they  put  Dr.  Cheynel  into  PofTeflion  of  St. 
Johii's  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Bayly  ;  Mr.  fFilkins  in- 
to the  Prefidentfliip  of  Wadham  College  in  the  Room 
cf  Dr.  Pit ;   and  Mr.  Greenwood  into  Brazen  No[e  Col- 
lege in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Raddiffe,    allowing  each  of 
them  a  Month's  Time  to  remove  their  Effects.     Buc 
fome  of  the  Students  of  CbriJPs  ChurcJ:)  having  got 
Suft.  Ckr.the  Buttery  Book,  impudently  cut  out   the   Names  of 
P- 154-      thofe  whom  the  Fifitors  had  inferted  ;  fo  that  they  were 
forced  to  return  next  Day  and  write  over  again  the 
Names  of  their  new  Dean  and  Canons.  The  Heads  of 
Colleges  being  thus  placed  in  their  feveral  Scat  ons  the 
Chancelor  rcok  ieaveof  the  Univerfity,  and  return- 
ed to  London  ;  and  having  reported  his  Conduct  to 
the  Two  Houfes  April  21.  received  their  Thanks. 
-^e^tvii  3yn  Pj-.  W'jkwfon,  kn.  and  IVJr.  Cbeynel,  who  came* 

ue  Bi  jt'^  CO  Town  with  the  Chancellor,   havino  reprefented  to 
vniitrfity  tn^  Pari  amenr,  that  the  redovvs,  Scholars,  and  un- 
jf<j/^e  prtr-.der  Officers,  ftill  refufed  to  fubmit  to  their  Orders, 
Ihwier.t.     ic  was  refoivcd,  *'  That  the  Vifuors  (liould  cite  all 
"  the  Cificers,  Fellows,  anti Scholars,   before  them, 
f'-  and  that   fuch  as  relufed  lo  appear,  or  upon  Ap- 
*'  pearance  did  not.  fubmit,  fhould  be  fufpendcd  from 
?f  their  Fiace.i^,    and    their  Names    returned  to  the 
■    f   Committee,  who  were  authorized  to  expehhem  the 
It. p.  154. 44  Univerfuy  j  ar.d  the  /jctv  Hsa^di  (on  SiR,nificaiion  cjf 


Chap. IX.       of //f'^  Pur  I  TANS.  4^^^" 

fucli  Sentence  from  the  Committee^  in  Conjundi-     ^''vT 
on    with    the  Vifitors,  were    empowered    lo    put^'^^'^^*-^  ^* 
others   in    their    Places.     They   refolved  further,  ^^^^ 
that  the  Burfars  fliould  make  no  Dividend  of  Mo- 
ney  till   they  had  Orders   from  the  Committees  ; 
and  that  the  Tenants  fl^bulJ  pay  their  Rents  to 
none  but  the  Heads  appointed  by  the  Au  hority 
of  Parliament.'*     But  the  Burfars  abfconded  and 
were  not  to  be  found. 

By  virtue  of  thefe  Orders  the  Vifnors  cited   theN.'.-wWj 
Fellows,    Scholars  of  Houfcs,   Gentlemen  Common-*^^^*''^' 
crs,  and  Servitors,  to  appear  before  them  at  feverai 
Times  ;  the  only  Queftion  that  was  aflced  them  was, 
JFill  you  fuhmit  to  the  Power  of  the  Parliament  in  this 
Vifitation?  To  which  they  were  to  give  their  An- 
Iwer  in  writing,  and  were  accordingly  continued  or 
dilplaced.     Great   Numbers  were   ablenc    from    the  Life  of 
Univerfity,  and  did  not  appear ',  Others  difowned  rhe-^^'"-  '^^'^« 
Power  of  the  Parliament  at  firft,   and  afterwards  fub-     "'^^' 
mitted,   but  the  main  Body  ftood  it  out  ro  the  lall: : 
Dr.  Walker  fiys,  that  one  Hundred  and  Eighty  with-Suff.  Cle 
drew  ;   that  of  about  fix  Hundred  feventy  fix  that  ap-'^^"^  ^• 
peared,  five  Hundred  forty  eight  rtfufed  at  frrfl  fofj'jj^^" 
own  the  Authority  of  the  Vifitation,   but  that  after- p3,/|j^ 
wards  many  fubmitted,   and  made  their  Peace.     Inp.  158, 
another  Place  he  fuppofes  one  Fourth  fubmitted  ;  and  1 39' 
makes  the  whole  Number  of  Fellows  and  Scholars 
deprived  to  amount  to  three  Hundred  feventy  five  ; 
and   then   by  a  Lid  of  new  EleiSions  in   lom.e  fol- 
lowing Years,  reduces  them  to  three  Hundred  fifty 
fix  i  but  then  confidermg  that  fome  may  have  been 
omitted,    he  gucffes  the   Whole   to    be  about   four 
Hundred.     The  Oxford  Hillorian,    Mr.  Wcod^  fays, 
the  Number  of  them  rb-tdid  not  fubmitwas  about 
three  Hundred  thirty  four,    but  that  they  were  not 
prefently  expell'd  ;  for  chough  the  Vifitors  were  obli- 
ged to  return  their  Names  to  the  Committee,    and 
v/ere  empowered  to  expel   them,    yet    they  deferrM 
the  Execution  of  their  Powers,  in  hopes  that  T\wq 
G  g  4  might 


45^  r^^  HISTORY  VoI.III. 

King  might  bring  them  to  a  Compliance  ;  which  *tis  very 
Charles  l.jjj^ejy  ityjd^  bccaufe  it  appears  by  the  Regifter,  that 
y^^^^A^  in  the  Eight  following  Years,  i.  e.  between  the  Years 
'  1648  and  1656.  there  were  no  more  than  three  Hun- 

dred ninety  fix  new  Ele6lions,    which,    confidering 
the  many  Deaths  and  Removals  that  happened  with- 
in that  compafs  of  Time,  muft  fuppofe  the  Depriva- 
tions at  this  Time  to  be  not  very  confiderable  \  but  if 
their  Numbers  had  been  much  greater  than  they  real- 
ly were,  the  Parliament  were  obliged,  in  their  own 
Defence,  to  difpoffefs  them. 
jnfolertceof    But   the  few  Scholars  that  remained  in  the  Uni- 
the  scho-  verfity  treated  the  Vifitors  with  infufFerable  Rude- 
lafs.         nefs ',    fcurrilous  and  invedive  Satyrs,  equal  if  not 
fuperior  in  Railery   and    ill    Language,    to  Martin 
Mar-Prelate,  and  the  reft -of  the  Brozvniftical  Pam- 
phlets in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth y  were  fcatrer- 
ed  in  the  moft  publick  Places  of  the  City  every  Week; 
l\i'Q.i'i,<,.'2iS  Mercurius  Acade7nicus ',  Pegafiis,  ox  x\\t  Flying  Horfe 
from  Oxon  ;  Pegafus  taught  to  dance  to  the  Tune  of  La- 
chrymjE  ;  Nezvs  frofn  Pembroke  and  Montgomery, 
cr  Oxford  Manche{ler*d.     The  Owl  at  Athens  j    or^ 
the  Emtrance  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  into  Oxford 
April  II.     The  Oxford  Tragi- Coinedy,  in  heroick  L<3- 
iin  Verfe,     Lord  have  Mercy  upon  us ;   which  is  the 
Infcription  put  upon  Houfes  that  have  the  Plague  j 
and  a  great  many  others  •,  which  the  Vifitors  took  no 
further  Notice  of,  than  to  forbid  the  Bookfellers  to 
print  or  fell  the  like  for  the  future.     If  the  Puritans 
had  publifhed  fuch  Pamphlets  againft  the  Exorbitan- 
cies  of  the  Kigh  Commiffion  Court  in  the  late  Times, 
fhe  Authors  or  Publilhcrs  muft  have  loft  their  Ears, 
as  the  Brownijfs  did  their  Lives  in  the  latter  End  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  ;   and  furely,  the  Univerfity  might 
have  preferved  their  Loyalty  without  ofiering  fuch 
pnmannerly  Provocations   to  Gentlemen  who  were 
willing  to  behave  towards  them  with  all  Gentlenefs 
*  and  iVI  ode  rat  ion. 

The 


Chap. IX.      of  the  Pv KIT Aijs.  4^7 

The  Vifitors  being  informed  that  an  Infurredion     K'ng 
was  defigned  among  the  Scholars  in  favour  of  thc^'^^'^'"  ^* 
King,  and  in  Concert  with  the  LoyaJifts  in  other  ^J^!^^ 
Parts  of  the  Kingdom,   acquainted  the  commanding (j^^^^y^^ 
Officers  of  the  Garrifon,  who  gave  immediate  0\-fearch  the 
ders  to  fearch  the  Colleges  for  Arms  ;  and  on  the^*^5"/«' 
261  h  of  May,    1648.    the  Vifitors  ordered  all  the^'"'"'* 
Members  of  the  Univerfity  to  give  a  peremptory  An- 
fwer  in  writing  within  feven   Days,    Whether  they 
would  fubmit  to  the  Authority  of  the  Parliainent  in  this  Vi~ 
fitation  orno?  And  that  none  fhould  depart  the  Uni- 
verfity without  leave  from  the  Pro-Vice-Chancellor. 
The  Day  following  both  Houfes  of  Parliament  pafs'd 
an  Order,  "  That  for  as  much  as  many  Dodlors, 
*'  an^  other  Members  of  the  Univerfity,  notwith- 
*'  Handing  the  Example  that  had  been  madeof  fome 
*'  of  them,  did  flill  perfift  in  their  Contempt  of  the 
«'  Authority  of  Parliament,  which  might  be  of  dan- 
**  gerous  Confequence,  therefore  the  Committee  for 
**  Reforming  the  Univerfity  Ihould  have  Power  to 
*'  fend  for  them  under  the  Cuftody  of  a  Guard  and 
"  commit  them  to  Prifon."     When  this  Order  cameSufF.  Clcr^ 
to  Oxford    the    Vifitors    declared,    that    whofoeverP*  i}7« 
fhouFd  not  plainly,  and  without  Referve,  declare  his 
Submiffion  tq  the  Vifitation,    fhould  be  deemed  as 
flatly  denying  the  Authority  of  it,  and  be  taken  into 
Cuftody ;    and   that  whofoever  laid   Claim    to  any 
Place  in  the  Univerfity  fhould  within  Fifteen  Days 
declare  his  Submiffion  or  be  deprived  ;  accordingly,  ^cJ^o/^r* 
^t  the  Expiration  of  the  Time,  fuch  as  did  not  ap- "i''*"''* 
pear  were  deprived  of  their  Fellowfhips,    and  expel- 
led the  Univerfity  :  But  ftill  the  Scholars  would  not 
remove,  being  tooftubborn  to  be  turn*d  our  of  their 
Colleges  by  Voces  at  London^  or  Papers  and  Program- 
ma's  at  Oxford.     The  Vifitors  therefore,  after  having 
waited  above  S;x  Months,  were  obliged  to  proceed 
to  the  laft  Extremity  ;  and  July  5.  1648.  ordered  a 
Serjeant,  attended  with  fome  Files  of  Mufquetiers, 
ppublifh  by  Beat  of  Drupi  before  the  Gates  of  the 

feveral 


45B  ri&^  HISTORY         VoI.III. 

Kiftg    feveral  Colleges,  that  "  if  any  of  thofe  who  had  been 
Charles  1. 1«  expell'd  by  the  Vifitors  fhould  prefume  to  con- 
tl^^jllj  "  tinue  any  longer  in  the  Univerfity  they  fhould  be 
>^-^/r-w  ^^  j^|,gjj  jjj[Q  Cuftody,  and  be  made  Prifoners  by  the 
"  Governor.**     But  this  not  taking  Effe6l,  the  Ox- 
ford Hiftorian  adds,  that  Four  Days  after  they  pub- 
Jifhed  a  further  Order  by  Beat  of  Drum  before  the 
Gate  of  every  College,  "  That  if  any  one  who  had 
*'  been  expell'd  did  prefume  to  tarry  in  the  Town,  or 
*'  was  taken  within  Five  Miles  of  ir,  he  fhould  be 
*»  deemed   as    a    Spy,   and  punifhed  vvith   Death." 
And  to  fortify  this  Order 'Genera.]  Fairfax,  who  was 
then  in    the  Field,    gave  publick  Notice,    that  he 
would  proceed  accordingly  with  fuch  as  did  not  de- 
part in  Four  Days,  unlefs  they  obtained  leave.from 
the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Vifuors  to  conrinue  longer. 
This  cool'd  their  Courage,  and  prevailed  with  the 
young  Gentlemen  to  retire.     Thus  the  Univerfity  of 
Oxford  VJ3.S  cleared  of  the  Royalifts,  and  the  Vificors 
at  liberty  to  fill  up  their  Vacancies  in  the  beft  man- 
ner they  Gould  ;  in  all  which  one  cannot  tell  which 
moft  to  admire,    the  unparallel'd  Patience  and  For- 
bearance of  a  victorious  Parliament  for  almoft  two 
Years,  or  the  ftubborn  Perverfenefs  and  provoking 
Behaviour  of  a   few  Academicks,  againft  a  Power 
that  could   have  batter'd  their  Colleges  about  their 
Ears,  and  buried  them  in  their  Ruins  in  a  few  Days. 
Heads  of       About  Ten  of  the  old  Heads  of  Colleges,  and  Pro- 
Colleges     feflbrs  of  Sciences,    fubmitted   to  the  Vificors,  and 
ihatfub-   j^gpf  j-i^eii-  pji^ces,   and  about  Nineteen  or  Twenty 
^^'/;f  j^^were  expelPd.     Thofe  that  fubmitted  were, 

S'laces. 

Dr.  Langbain,  Provojl  of  Queen* s- 

.  Dr.  Hood,  Reclor  of  L]nco\n 

Dr.  Saunder?,  Provoji  o/Oriel 

Dr.  Hakewell,  Reof or  of  Kxefer )College, 

Sir  Nath.  Brent,   IVarden  of  Merzon 
Dr.  Zouch,  Principal  of  Alban  Hall 
Pr.  Lawrence,  M?/?v^r  (?^Baliol— — 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  si  459 

Dr.  Pocock,  Arab'ick  Profejfory  Khg 

Dr.  Clayton,  Anatomy  Profeffor^  Chirks  I. 

Mr.  Philips,   MufickProfejjor.  v^V^ 

The  following  Charaflers  of  thefe  Gentlemen,  withr-&«Vo&4- 
thofe  that  were  ejefted,  and  their  Succefifors,  I  have  ta-''.''^^«. 
ken  for  the  moft  part,  from  Writers  that  can  never 
be  fufpeded  of  Partiality  in  favour  of  the  Puritans. 

Dr.   Gerard  Langhain,  Provoft  of  ^een*s  College,  Dr.  Lang- 
was  a  great  Ornament  to  his  College  ;  he  was  elefted  ^^i"- 
Keeper  of  the  Archives,  or  Records  of  the  Univer- ];^°°'*'* 
ficy,  being  in  general  Efteem  for  his  great  Learning  y^i  "j 
and   Honefty.     He  was   an   excellent  Linguift,    an  p.  ^2.0! 
able  Philolbpher  and  Divine,  a  good  common  Law- 
yer, a  publick  fpirited  Man,  a  Lover  of  Learning  and 
learned  Men,  beloved  of  Archbifhopl//Z>t'r,  Selden,  and 
the  great  Goliahs  of  Literature.     He*was  alfo  an  ex- 
cellent Antiquary,    indefatigable  in  his  Studies,  and 
of  immenfe  Undertakings.   He  died  Feb.  10.  1653.  and 
was  buried  in  the  inner  Chapel  of  ^een*s  College. 

Dr.   Paid    Hood^    Redtor   of  Lincoln  Coliege^    had  d*-.  Hood, 
been  many  Years  Governor  of  this  Houfe,   and  con-^oo'i's 
tinned  in  ir,  through  all  Changes,  till  his  Death  ;  he 
was  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity  in  the  Year 
1660.   when  he  conformed  to  the  Eftablifhed  Church, 
and  died  in  the  Year  1668. 

•  Dr.   John  Saunders^    Provoft  0^  Oriel  College^  dif-Dr.  Saun- 
owncd  the  Authority  of  the  Vifitors  at   firlt,     but^i^^s- 
afterwards  complied;     for  as  Dr.  Walker  obferves, ^^''''^''» 
there  was  no  other  Provoft  till  after  his  Death,  which^'    "** 
was  in  the  Year  1.632. 

Dr.  George  Hakewelly  Rector  of  Exeter  College,  had  Dr.  Hake- 
been  Chaplain  to  Prince  Charles.,  and  Archdeacon  of  ^^t'i. 
Surry  \  upon  the  Promotion  of  Dr.  Prideaux  to  the  See '^^'^"^^''» 
of  fVorceJler  he  was  chofen  Rector  of  this  College,   but^"    '"^' 
refj  'ed  little  there,  for  all  the  Time  of  the  Wars  he 
retired  to  his  Rectory  o^  Hecnton  in  D'von,  where  he 
lived  a  retired  Life,  and  died  in  /^pril  1649.     He  was 
(fays  Dr.  IValker)  a  gjeat  Divine,  a  very  good  Philofo- 
phcr,  apd  a  noted  Preacher,  Sir 


46o  ne  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

King        Sir  Nathaniel  Brent,    Warden  of  Merton  College^ 
Charles  I.  vvas  Probationer    Fellow,    in  the  Year  1594.    and 
^l^^^  Proftor  of  the  Univerfity  in  1607.  he  afterwards  tra- 
AVNath.  veiled  into  feveral  Parts  of  the  learned  World,  and 
Brent,      underwent  dangerous  Adventures  in  Italy  to  procure 
AtKtn.      the  Hiftory  of  the  Council  of  Tr^;?/,  which  he  tranfla- 
Oxon.      j.gj  i^fQ  Englijh,  and  therefore,  fays  Mr.  IVood,  de- 
^'  ^  ^*     ferves  an  honourable  mention.     By  the  Favour  of 
Archbifliop  Abbot  he  was  made  Commiffary  of  the 
Diocefe    of  Canterbury,    and  Vicar- General    to    the 
Archbifhop,  being  Doflor  of  Laws,  and  at  length 
Judge  of  the  Prerogative.     In  1629.  he  was  knighced 
at  U^^oodjlock,  but  upon  the  Breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
Wars  he  took  part  with  the  Pari  amenr,  for  which 
Reafon  he  was  ejedled  his  Wardenfliip  of  ihis  College, 
but  reftor  d  again  when  it  came  ineo  the  Pa  liament*s 
Hands  in  1646.  •  He  was  one  of  the  Vifitors  of  the 
Univerfity,  and  was  a  very  learned  and  judicious  Ci- 
vilian.    Pie  refigned  his    Wardenfliip   in    the  Year 
1650.  and  died  at  LW(?«  in  1652.  after  he  had  lived 
Seventy  nine  Years. 
Dr.Zouch.     Dr.    Richard  Zouch,  L.  L.  D.    Principal  oi  Alban 
Athen.      ji/^//^  ^^^s  of  noblc  Birth,  and  ferved  in  Parliamenc 
Oxon.      |>^j,  j.|^^  Borough  of  Hyih  in  Kent.     He  was  Chancellor 
^'       *     of  the  Diocefe  of  Oxon,  Principal  of  St.  Alban  Hall, 
1625.  and  at  length  Judge  of  the  high  Court  of  Ad- 
miralty ;  he  was  an  exad:  Artift  in  his  Profefllon* 
a  fubtle  Logician,  an  expert  Hift(jrian,  and  for  the 
Knowledge  and  Pra6lice  of  the  Civil  Law  the  chief 
Perfon  of  his  Time.     As  his  Birth  was  noble  (fays 
Mr.  fVood)  fo  was  his  Behaviour  and  Difcourfe  ;  and 
as    he   was    perfonable  and  handfome,    fo  naturally 
fweet,  pleafing,  and  affable  :   He  kept  his  Principal- 
fhipand  ProfefTorfhip  till  his  Death,  which  happen'd 
■  March  I.   i66f. 
Pr.  Law-       Dr.  Tho.  Lawrence,    Mafler  of  Baliol  College,  and 
rencc.       Margaret  Profejfor  of   Divinity,    had   been  Chaplain 
Q  .  '^'^'      to  King  Charles  \.  and  Prebendary  of  Lichfield,  and  by 
p.  si-f.    the  Intereft  of  Archbifliop  Laud  preferr'd   to  the 

Mailer- 


Chap. IX.      ^r/j^  Puritans;  461 

Mafterfhip  of  this  College  in  1637,     He  fubmittcd     King 
to  the  Authority  of  the  Vifitors,  and  had  a  Certi- Charles  r. 
ficate  under  their    Hands,    dated  Jugujl  3.    1648.  ^^^^^ 
wherein  they  atteft,   That  he  had  engaged  to  obferve  the  ^v^^ 
DireoJory  in  all  Eccleftajlical  AdminifirationSy    to  preach 
prauiical  Divinity  to  the  People,  and  to  forbear  preaching 
any  of  thofe  Opinions  that  thfi  reformed  Church  had  con- 
demned.    Dr.  I'P'alker  fays,  he  refigned  all  his  Pre-SufF.  Clcr. 
ferments  in  the  Univerfity  in  the  Year   1650.  but?*  ^'^°' 
does  not  fay  upon  what  Occafion  ;  only,  that  he  grew 
carelefs,    and  did  much  degenerate  in  his  Life  and 
Manners  •,  that  he  died  in  the  Year  1657.  but  that  if 
he  had  lived  three  Years  longer  he  would,  notwith- 
flanding,  have  been  confecrated  an  Iri/h  Bifhop. 

The  ProfefTors  of  Sciences  that  fubmitted  to  the charaff err 
Vifitors,  and  were  continued,  were,  -"f^^^  ^^^ 

Dr.  Edward  Pccock,  ProfefTor  of  the  Hebrew  ^irid^fl^utet 
Arabick  Languages;    one  of  the  moft  learned  Men^,^  Po. 
of  his  Age,  and  juflly  admired  at  Home  and  Abroadcoi. 
for  his  great  Skill  in  the  Oriental  Languages,  andArhcn.Or, 
for  many  learned   Works   that  he  publifhed.     HeP'^*^^* 
was  afterwards  ejeded  from  his  Canonry  of  Chrifi 
Church  for  refufing  the  Engagement,   1651.    but  was 
fuffered    to  enjoy  his    Profefforfhip  of  Arabick  and 
Hebrew  ;   he  conformed  in  the  Year  1660.  and  lived 
in  great  Reputation  till  the  Year  169 1. 

Thomas  Clayton,    M.   D.    Kin^s   Profeffor  of  Ana-Dr  Clayr 
i07?iy  ',    he  kept  his   Place  till  the  Year  1651.  and^°"* 
then  renounced  it    in   favour    of  Sir  William  Petty. 
After  the  Reftoration  he  was  knighted,  and  made 
Warden  of  Merton   College  upon   the  Death  of  'Qi" 
{hop  Reynolds  in  the  Year  1676. 

Mr.  Arthur  Philips,  Profeffor  of  Muftck^    of  whom  Mr,  Phi- 
I  have  met  with  no  Account.  I'ps. 

The  Heads  of  Colleges  ejefted  by  the  Vifitors, 
with  rheir  SucceiTors,  may  be  feen  in  the  following 
Table. 

Heads 


462 


^^^S      Heads  of  Colleges  \ 

Charles  I.         ^^^^^^  ^^^^ 


T/&^  HISTORY         Vol.m. 

Succeeded  by. 


1647. 


Heads  of 

CoUeges 

ejeited. 


Dr.  Fell,    Fice-{ 
Chancellor,from\ 

'Dr.Pk,  harden  of 

Dr.  Walker, 
Dr.  Radcliffe, 
Dr.  Sheldon, 
Dr.  Newlin, 
Dr.  Bayly, 


Dr.  Oliver, 


Dr.  Han.  Potter, 
Dr.  Manfell, 
Mr.Wighcwick,7 
B.D.  S 

Dr.     Stringer, 

Prof  Gr.  Lang. 

Profeffors  of  Scien- 
ces turned  out. 
Dr.Rb.Sanderfon, 
Mr.Birkenhead, » 

A.  M.  \ 

Mr.  Rob.  Warin, 
Dr.  Jn.  Edwards, 
Dr.Turner,M.D. 
Mr.Jn.  Greaves,  / 

J.  M.  <, 


Colleges, 


Deanry  ofChriji 
Churchy 

TVadbam  College 

Univerfity  Coll. 
Brazen  Nofe  Coll. 
All  Souls  Coll. 
Corp.ChriJfiColl. 
St.  John's  Coll. 


Magdalen  Coll. 


Trinity  Coll. 
Jefus  Coll. 

Pembroke  Coll. 
New  QolL 


C  Dr.    Reyriords, 

<  afterwards  ^p. 
r    o/"  Norwich, 
CDr.  J.  Wilkins, 

<  aftej'wards  Bp. 
I  ^/"Chefter, 
Dr.  Jofhua  Hoyle, 
Dr. D.Green  wood. 
Dr.  Palmer,M.D. 
Dr.  Ed.  Staunton, 
Dr.  Cheynel, 

Dr.  John  Wil- 

kinfon. 
Dr.  H.  Wilkin- 
fon^jun.  Princ. 
o/Magd.Hall, 
Dr.  Rob.  Harris, 
Dr.  Mic.  Roberts, 

Dr.  H.  Langley, 

C  Mr. Ch.  Rogers, 
<Mr,  Harmar, 
(^  Prof.  Or.  Lang. 


Dr.  Hen 

mond 


:n.  Ham-i 


ProfeiTorfhips.  \     Succeeded  hy. 


Reg.  Pr.  of  Div. 

M.  Philof.  Prcf 

Camh.f/i/?.  Prof. 
Nat.  Phil.  Prof 
Savil   Prof   Geo. 

Profejf.  Afron. 

Univerfity     Ora- 
tor, 


Dr.  CrofTe, 
c  Dr.  Henry  Wil- 
c    kinfon,  ]un. 
Dr.  L.du  Moulin, 
Dr.  JoflTua  CroflTe, 
Dr.  John  Waliis, 
c  Dr.  Ward,  aftw. 
\    ^Z^.  Salisbury, 
^Mr.Bunon,/^M. 
Mr.  Corber,  who 
I  quitted. 

Dr, 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritan  s.  463 

Dr.  Gilbert   Sheldon,    Warden  of  All  SouU  College,     Khg 
was  ejec^ted  Afril  2-   1648.  and  lived  retired  with  his^'^*''"  ^* 
Friends  in  StaffordjhireuW  1659,  when  he  was  reft(Ted  ^J-^Z^ 
to  his  VVardenfhip  upon  the  Death  of  Dr.  Palmer.   Ai-rheircha- 
ler  the  Reftoration  he  was  fuccefllvely  Bifhop  of  L&«-r;ic7er/, 
doily  Chancellor  oi Oxford,  and  Archbifhop  of  Canter-  '-"■  Shc'- 
hiiry  i  he  built  the  noble  Theatre  at  Oxford,  and  did  a^".'     , 
great  many  other  Works  of  Charity,   but  never  gavesufF.  cier. 
any    great  Specimens  of  his   Piety  or  Learning  top.  98. 
the  World. 

Dr.  Sainuel  Fell,  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity,r)r.  FdL 
and  Dean  oi  Chrifl  Church,  dirpofTeffcd  of  his  Deanry  ^^'alkcr, 
April  12,   1648.     He  gave  the  Vifitors  all  the  Diftur-P'  '°" 
bance  he  could,  and  was  therefore  taken  into  Cufto- 
dy  for  feme  Time,   but  being  quickly  releafed  he  re- 
tired to  his  Re<5lory  q{  Suniiingwell  in  BerkJJjire,  where 
he  died  Feb.  i.   164*.     He  had  been  a  Calvinift,  but 
finding  that  was  ncjtthe  Way  to  Preferment  he  chan- 
ged his  Opinion,  and  after  great  Crcepings  and  Cring- 
ings to  Archbifhop  Laud  (fays  Mr.  PFood)  he   be-  Ath.  Ox. 
came  his  Creature,    and   if   the  Rebellion   had   not 
broke  out,   would,  no  doubr,   have   been  a  Bifhop. 
He  left  no  remarkable  Specimens  of  his  Learning  be- 
hind him. 

Dr.  Sa?nuel  Radclijfe,  Frincip^il  of  Brazen  Ncfe  Col- Dr.  Kid- 
lege,  was  eledled  to  this  Headfhip  1614.  and  wasin^''^^* 
an  infirm  Condition  when  he  was  eje<5led  for  difown-     ^'  '^^^ 
ing   the  Authority  of  the  Vifitors,  April  13.   1648. 
and  died  the  June  following.     Neither  Mr.  IP'ood  nor 
tFalker  fay  any  Thing  of  his  Learning,  nor.  has  he 
publifhed  any  Thing  that  I  know  of  to  the  World 

Dr.  Robert  N'ezoli}.',  Prefidenc  of  Corpus  Chrifli  Col- Dr.  Ktxv- 

kge,    and   Pro- Vice-Chancellor    in   the   Year    1648.^'^- 

He  was  reftored  to  his  Prefidentfliii-)  again  in  the  Year  ^^  ''"'■' 

p.  1 1 1. 
1660.   and  d.ed  in  it    1687.     But  neither  IFccd  rroi 

TValker  give  any  Charader  of  him. 

Dr.  Richard  Baxl-,   Prefident  of  St.  y'ohn*s  Collfgc, Dr.  B^y'v. 

a  Kinfman  of  i.'\rchbiniop  Laud,  and  one  of  his  E.\e-  Walker, 

cutors ;  he  had  been  Prefident  of  this  College  Twenty  P'  ''^' 

Years 


464 

King 


"The  HISTORY 


p   I33« 


V     iDenio\.\jr^\  Vol.  Ill, 

Years  when  he  was  ejeded  ;  but  was  reflored  again 

Chailes  I.jj^  1660.  and  died  ac  Salipur^  1667.     He  was  Hofpi- 

yj^^^  table  and  Charitable,  but  very  faulty  ffays  Mr.  Wood) 

'    in  ufing  fome  kind  of  Oaths  in  common  Conver- 

fation.     He  publifhed  nothing  that  I  know  of  to  the 

World. 

Dr. Oliver,     Dr.  John   Oliver,    Prefident  of  Magdalen  College^ 

"Walker,    had  been  domeftick  Chaplain  to  Archbifhop  Laud^ 

f*  ^*-'     and  was  a  Man  ('fays  Dr.  Walker)  of  great  Learning 

and  found   Principles  in  Religion,  [  that  is  of  the 

Principles  of  the  Archbifhop  ]  he  was  reftored  to 

his  Preferments  1660.  but  died  foon  after  Oulob.  27. 

1661. 

Dr. Potter.     Dr.  Hannihal  Potter,    Prefident  of  Trinity  College, 

Walker,    elefted  1643.  and  turned  out  with  the  reft  chat  dif- 

owned  the  Authority  of  the  Vifitors,  April  13.   1648. 

He  afterwards  accepted  of  a  Curacy  in  Somerfetjhire, 

and  was  ejeded  for  Infufficiency  ;    but  Dr.  Walker 

fays,    it  was  becaufe  he  ufed  part  of  the   Church 

Service.     He   was   reftored   in   1660.    and  died  in 

1664. 

Dr.  John  Pitt,  Warden  of  Wadham  College',  ele(5led 
April  16.  1644.  after  that  City  was  garrifoned  for 
the  King  •,  he  behaved  very  refradorily  towards  the 
Vifitors,  and  died  foon  after  his  Ejeftment. 

Dr.  Francis  Manfel,  Principal  of  Jefus  College,  eledt- 
ed  to  th'S  Principalfliip  in  the  Year  1630.  and  ejedted 
Ma'j  22,  1648.  He  was  reftored  again  in  1660.  and 
died  in  1665.  having  been  a  great  Benefad:or  to  his 
College. 

Dr.  Tho?nas  Walker,  Mafter  of  Univerjity  College, 
eled:ed  1632.  and  difpofiefted  by  the  Vifitors  July  10. 
1648.  He  was  reftored  in  the  Year  1660.  and  died 
in  1665.  He  was  related  to  Archbifhop  Laud,  and 
was  one  of  his  Executors,  and  Caccording  to  Lloyd)  a 
deferving  modeft  Man,  and  a  great  Suffe.'-er. 
/fr.Wight-  Mr.  Henry  Wlghtwick,  B.  D.  ele^led  to  the  Mafter- 
'^^^^'  fhip  of  Pembroke  College  in  direcft  Oppofition  to  the 
Waik^er,  Qrder  of  Parliament,  %/v  1 3.  1647.  for  which  Rea- 
^**'  ■  .  '  fon 


Dr.  Pitt. 

Walker, 
p.  136. 

Br.  Man 

feJ. 


Dr.  Wal 
ker. 

Walker, 
p.  114. 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritans.  465: 

fon  he  was  foon  after  difpoffelled.     In  the  Year.  1660     Kmg 
he  was  reftored,   but  turned  out  again  in  1664.  for ^'^^'"'^^  ^' 
what  Rcafons  Dr.  Walker  fays  he  does  not  know.     He  ^^^1^ 
died  in  Lmcolnjh'tre  1671. 

Dr.  Uenr-j  Strviger,  eleded  to   the  Wardenfliip  of-"''-  Strin-; 
New  College y  after  the  fame  Manner,   in  direct  Oppo-'^'^^'"'         ,' 
fition  to  the  Vificors,  Nov.  18.   1647.  for  wnicii  Rea-     j^^/ 
fon   he   was  deprived  ylug.    i.   1648.     He  was  Pro- 
fefibr  of  the  Gra-k  Language,  but  refigned,  and  died 
at  London  1657. 

The  Profeflbrs  that  were  turned  out  by  the  Vifi- 
tors  were. 

Dr.  Robert  Sander/on,  Regius  Profefibr  of  Dhinily  -yProfeJfors 
a  very  learned  Man,  and  an  excellent  Cafuift  i    )nQe]echd 
was   nominated  one  of  the  AJfernbly  of  Divines^  but  j'V    "" 
did  not  fit  among  them.     He  had  a  very  con fider- Life  cf 
able  Hand  in  drawing  up  ihe  Reafo/js  of  the  UuiverfitySandciCon 
againft  the  Covenant,  and  the  Negative  Oath.     After^jWakoo, 
his  Ejectment  he  retired   to   his  Living  at  Bjothby, 
where  he  continued  preaching,  though   not  without 
forne  Difficulties,   till  the  Reftoration,  when  he  was 
preferred    to  the    Bifhoprick   of   Lincohy    and  died 
i66f. 

Mr.    John    Birkenhead,    A.  M.     Moral  Philofophy Mr.  Bh- 
Reader ;  he  v/as  employed  by  the  Court  to  writer  [hei^cnhea.l. 
Mercurius  Aulicus,  a  Paper  filled  with  molt  bitter  Jn- ^'^^^'^Os* 
vc<flives  againft  the  Parliament,  for  which  he  was  re-^'    '^* 
warded  with  this  Leclurefhip.     After  his  Ejedment 
he  lived  privately  till  the  Reftoration,  when  lie  vvas 
knighted,  and  chofe  Burgefs  in  Parliament  for  the  Bo- 
rough. o\  IVtlton.     He  was  alio  created  L.  L.  D.  and 
Malter  of  the  Faculties,  ani)  died  in  1679.  leaving  be- 
hind him  (according  to  IVood)  a  very  forry  Character. 

Mv.  Robert  Waring.,  Cambdejj  l/ijlory  VrQ\e{\or  •,   he.i;»-.  Wa- 
bore  Arms  for  the  King  in  the  Garrifon  at  Oxford, ^^"i^- 
and  was  nor  elecfted  ro  this  Frofenbrlhip  till  after  the^^'*^'^'"'^' 
Vifuation  began:    He  was    reckon'd    (fays  ^/'''^^^ JAthtnOr. 

Vol.  III.  II  h  amo.ngp,  1.15. 


The  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


King 

CKarles  1; 

1647. 


Greaves. 
Walker, 
p.  115. 


Vr.  Ham- 
mond. 
Vide 

/j?s  Life. 


among  the  Wits  of  the  Univerfity,  and  was  a  good 
Poet  and  Orator.     He  died  1658. 

John  Edwards^  M.  D.  Natural  Philofopby  Lefturer  ; 
he  behaved  rudely  towards  the  Vificors,  and  was 
therefore  not  only  dirpoiTeffed  of  his  Preferment,  but 
expell'd  the  Univerfity  -,  but  neither  fVood  nor  PFal- 
ker  give  any  Chara6ler  of  him. 

Pete)'  Turner^  M.  D.  Savilian  Profeffor  of  Geofnetry  j 
he  ferved  his  Majefty  as  a  Voluntler  under  the  Com- 
mand of  Sir  y.  Byron,  and  being  a  zealous  Loyaiift  was 
expelled  the  Univerfity  by  the  Vifitors,  after  which  he 
retired  to  London,  and  died  1650.  He  was  a  good  Ma- 
thematician, well  read  in  the  Fathers,  an  excellent  Lin- 
guift,  and  highly  valued  by  Archbifhop  Laud, 

John  Greaves,  A.M.  Profeffor  o{ AJirommy,  was 
fent  by  Archbifhop  Laud  to  travel  into  the  Eaft- 
ern  Parts  of  the  World  to  make  a  Colledion  of  Books 
in  thofe  Languages.  After  his  Return  he  was  pre- 
ferred to  this  Profefforfhip,  but  was  ejected  by  the 
Vifitors,  and  iVw.  9.  1648.  expcU'd  the  Univerfity, 
for  fending  the  College  Treafure  to  the  King,  and 
other  Crimes  of  the  like  Nature.  He  died  at  London 
1652.  with  the  Reputation  of  a  good  Scholar,  and  was 
well  refpedled  by  Mr.  Selden,  and  others. 

Dr.  Henry  Hammond,  Univerfity  Orator,  was  a  ve- 
ry learned  Man,  and  a  great  Divine,  highly  efteem- 
ed  by  K\Dg  Charles  ].  He  afUfled  at  the  Treaty  of 
Uxhridge,  and  attended  the  King  as  his  Chaplain 
when  ne  was  permicted.  After  his  Ejeftmenc  he 
retired  to  the  Houfe  of  Sir  J.  Packington  of  PForceJIer- 
Jhire,  where  he  employed  his  Time  in  writing  fcveral 
valuable  and  learned  Treatifes  in  Defence  of  the 
Hierarchy  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  in  the 
Study  of  the  New  Teftamenc.  He  died  April  25. 
1660. 


The  Heads  of  Colleges  who  fucceeded  thofe  that 
were  ejected  by  Authority  of  Parliament,  were 

Dr. 


Chap.  IX.       ^/  //)^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  467 

Dr.  Edward  Reyiolds,  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Uni-     ^'H 
verfiry,  and  Dean  of  Chrijl  Church   in  the  Place  of  C'^^"^'''"  ^• 
Dr.  Fell  ;   he  was  Probationer  Fellow  of  Merton  Col-  ,^/v'-Lr 
lege  in  the  Year  1620.  which  he  obtained  by  his  Mn'tjenv Heads 
common  Skill  in  the  Greik  Tongue  -,  he  was  a  i^oof^ or  colleges 
Difputant   and    Orator,    a'  popular  Divine,    and   \n^''^*fj"^' 
great  Eftcem  in  the  City  oi Lojidoii^  being  Preacher'^^*'  \' 
to  the  Honourable  Society  of   Lincoln's  Inn.     Mr.^^i"^^^  j^-J 
JVood  confeffcs,  he  was  a  Perfon  of  excellent  Parts ^y^o^' 
and  Endowments,  of  a  very  good  Wic,  Fancy  andAthenOx. 
Judgment,  and  much  efteemed  by  all  Parties  for  hisP-  568. 
florid  Stile.     Sir  Tho.  Brown  adds,  that  he  was  a  Di- 
vine of  Angular  Afflibility,  Meeknefs,  and  Humili- 
ty *,  of  great  Learning,  a  frequent  Preacher,  and  a 
conflant  Rtfidenr.     He  conform'd  at  the  Reftoration 
and  was  made  Bifhopof  A^orzc^/Vi?,  and  died  1676. 

Dr.  John  WilkinSy  promoted  to  the  Wardenfiiip  of  Dr.  Wil- 
Wadham  College  in  the   Place  of  Dr.   'Pit.     He  was'^'"^  ''A 
educated    in  Magdalen   Hall^    and   was    Chaplain  to  '-v"^' 
Charles  Count  Palatine  of  the  Rhine :  A  little  beforCp^  v^, 
the  Reftoration  he  came  to  London^  and  was  Minifter 
of  St.  Lawrence  Jury,  and  Preacher  to  the  Society  ac 
Lincoln's  Inn.     Mr.  JVood  admits,  that  he  was  a  Per- 
fon of  rare  Gifts,  a  noted  Theologift  and  Preacher, 
a  curious  Critick,  an  excellent  Mathematician,  and 
as  well  feen  in  Mechanifm,  and  the  new  Phil  >fophy, 
as  any  in  his  Time.     In  the  Year  1656.  he  married 
the  Sifter  of  O.  Cromwell,  then  Lord  Proccdor  of 
England,    and  had  the  Headfhip  of   Trimly  College^ 
in  Cambridge,  conferr'd  upon  him,  which  is  the  beft 
Preferment  in  that  Univerfity.     He  was  afterwards  a 
Member  of  the  Royal  Society,  to  which  he  was  a  con- 
fiderable  Benefador.     Dr.  Burnet  fays,  that  Bifiiop 
IVilkins  was  a   Man  of  as  great  a  Mind,  as  true  a 
Judgment,    of  as  eminent  Virtue,    and    as  good  a 
Soul,  as  any  he  ever  knew.     Bifi:iop  Tillotfon  gives 
him  the  fame  Character  ;  and  feveral   Members  of 
the  Royal  Society  acknowledge  him  to  have   been  an 
Ornament  to  the  Univerfity,  and  to  the  Englijh  Na- 
H  h  2  tion, 


468  T/6^  HISTORY  Vol.IlI. 

King     tion.     He  was  created  B'lihop  of  Che/} er  in  the  Year 
Charles  I.  j55g    3^j  ^-^^  ^^^^^  g^Q^g  -^  ^^^  Houfeof  Dr.  Tiliot- 

1047.      r        c     ■ 

K^^^y^^fon  1672. 

Dr.Hoylc.     Dr.  Jojhua  Ho^le  preferr*d  to  the  Headfhipof  Uni' 
Aihen.Ox.v erfily  College  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Walker;  he  was 
p.  iS'5.      educated  in  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  but  being  invited 
into  Ireland  became  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,    and 
ProfefTor  of  Dm;?//);  in  the  Univerfity  of  D^^ii;/.     In 
the  Beginning  of  the  Iri/h  Rebellion  he  came  over  to 
England  3.nd  was  made  Ficar  of  Stepney,  a 'Member  of 
the  Affembly  of  Divines,  and  at  length  Mafler  of  this 
College,    and  King's  Profeflbr    of    Divinity    in    the 
Room  of  Dr.  Sanderfon.     Mr.  Wood  fays,   he  was  a 
Perfon  of  great  Reading  and  Memory,  but  of  iefs 
Judgment.     He  was  exadly  acquainted  with  all  the 
School  Men,  andfo  much  devoted  to  his  Book,   that 
he  was  in  a  Manner  a  Stranger  to  the  World-;  he  was 
indefatigably  induftrious,  and  as  well  qualified  for  an 
Academick  as  any   Perlbn  of  his  Time.     He  died 
1654. 
Br  Green-     Dr.  Daniel  Greenwood,    Principal  of   Brazen  Nofe 
wood.^      College  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Raddiffe  ;  he  had  been 
Faflt  ^     Fellow  of  the  College  for  a  confiderabie  Time,  and 
p.  gi,       had  the  Reputation  of  a  profound  Scholar  and  Di- 
vine.    Mr. /FboJfays,  he  was  a  fevere  and  good  Go- 
vernor, as  well  in  his  Vice-Chancellorfliip  as  in  his 
Principalfhip ;  he  continued  in  his  College  with  an 
unfpotted  Character  till  the  Reftoration,    when  he 
was  ejefted  by  the  King's  CommifTioners,  after  which 
he  lived  privately  till  1673.  vi'hen  he  died. 
Dr.  John       Dr.  John  Wilkinfon  had  been  Prefident  of  Magdalen 
Wilkin-    College  before  the  Civil  Wars,  but  when  that  Univer- 
fon.  jpjjy  was  garrifoned  by  the  King  he  fied  into  the  Par- 

jiament's  Quarters,  and  was  fucceeded  in  his  Prefi- 
dentOiip  by  Dr.  Oliver,  about  the  Year  1643.  but 
the  Dodtor  not  fubmitting  to  the  Vifitors  was  voted 
out  of  his  Place  April  13.  1648.  and  Dr.  Wilkinfon  was 
reftored.  He  was  a  learned  and  pious  Man,  but  did 
not  continue  long  in  his  Station. 

Dr. 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  PvRJTAi^  s.  469 

Dr.  Henry  IVtlkinfon,  jun.  commonly   called  Dean     J<^'"S 
Harry,  FTctident  oi  Magdalen  Hall  i  he  was  a  noted  Charles  1. 
Tucor,  and  Moderator  in  his  College  belore  the  Ke-^J_^^ 
ginning  of  the  Civil  Wars,  upon  the  Breaking  out  of  p,.  ]it,uy 
which  he  left  Oxford  and  came  to  London^  but  whenwilkin- 
that  City  was  furrtnder'd  to  the  Parliament  he  return-i"»- 
ed  to  the   Univerfity,  and  was  created  D.  D.  made-'^^^^"^'^* 
Pr/wa/iz/ of  his  College,  and  Moral  Pbihfofby  Profef-^  ■'^^' 
for  in  the  Room  of  Mr.  Birkenhead.     Mr.  IFood  fays, 
that  he  took  all  Ways  imaginable  to  make  his  Houle 
flourilli  with  young  Students;  that  he  was  a  frequent 
and   active  Preacher,  and  a  good  Difciplinarian,  for 
which  Reafon  the  Heads  ot  the  Univerfity  perfvvaded 
him  earneflly  to  conform   at  the  Reftoranon,    that 
they  m.ight  keep  him  among  them,   but  he  refufed. 
After  his  Ejedment  he  fuffcred  for  his  Non-Confor- 
mity, by  Imprifonments,    Mulds,  and  the  I.ofs  of 
his  Goov'S  and  Books ;  though  according  to  the  fame 
Author,  he  was  very  courteous  in  Speech  and  Carri- 
age,   communicative  of  his  Knowledge,    Generous, 
Charitable  to  the  Poor,  and  fo  Publick-lpirited,  that 
he  always  m.inded  the  common  Good  more  than  his 
own  private  Concerns.     He  publifhed  feveral  learned 
Works,  and  died  1690.  /Etat.  Seventy  four. 

Dr.   Robert  Harris^    Prefident  of  Irinily  College  inDr  Harris, 
the  Room  of  Dr.  Poller,    was  educated  in  Magda^-^]^^^'^ 
len  Hallt  and  had  been  a  famous  Preacher  in  Oxford-^^^^^' 
/hire  for  about  Forty  Years  j  upon  the  Breaking  out:^' ' 
of  the  War  he  came  to  London,  where  he  continued 
till  appointed  one  oftheVifitors  of  the  Univerfity, 
and  Head  of  this  College,    over  which  he  prefided 
Ten  Years,   though  he  was  now  Seventy.     He  was  a 
Perfon  of  great  Piefy  and  Gravity,  an  exact  Mafter  of 
the  Hebrew  Language,  and  well  verled  in  Chronolo- 
gy, Church  Hillory,   the  Councils  and  Faihers,    He 
governed  his  College  with  great  Prudence,  and  gain- 
ed the  AfFedlions  of  all  the  Students,  who  reveren- 
(ced   him  as  a  Father,  though  he  has  been  (tigma- 
fizsd  by  the  RoyalilVs  as  a  notorious  Pluriiliil,     1'p 
n  h  3  which 


470  r/-^  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  HI. 

King    which  the  Writer  of  his  Life  replies,  that  whatever 
Charles  I- Benefices  he  might  have  been  nominated  to,  he  de- 
i^J'-'^L^.  Glared  he  did  not  receive  the  Profits  of  them.     The 
Inlcription  upon   his  Tomb-Stone  fays,  that  he  was 
Prcejes  ceterntim   celebrandus  *,    Perfpicacijftmus    indolum 
fcrutator,  Poteftatis  Arbiter  mitijjimus^  merentmn  Fan- 
tor  integerrmits^  Sec.    He  died  1658. 
rr  Lang-      j^j,  Henry  Langle\,  Mailer  of  Pembroke  College  in 
Wood'j     ^^^  Room  of  Mr.  ff^ightwick,  was  original  Fellow  of 
Fadi,        his  College,  and  made  Mailer  of  it  in  1647.     He 
p.  66j9i.  kept  his  Place  till  the  Refloration,  after  which  he  fet 
up  a  private  Academy  among  the  Diffenters  ;  he  was 
a  folid  and  judicious  Divine,  and  a  frequent  Preacher, 
He  died  1679. 
Dr.Chey-      Dr.  Francis  Cbeynel,  Prefident  of  St.  Johnh  College 
*^l'  ^  „    in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Bayly^  was  Probationer  Fellow 
p.  35V.      of  Mcrton  College  in  the  Year   1629.  and  afterwards 
Reftor  of  Pelworth,  a  Member  of  the  AlTembly  of 
Divines,  and  this  Year  made  Prefident  of  that  Col- 
lege, and  Margaret  Profeffor  in  the  Room  of  Doftor 
Lawrence^    both  which  he  quitted  after  fome  Time 
for  refufing  the  Engagement^  and  retired  to  his  Living 
•at  Petworth^  from  whence  he  v/as  ejecfted  at  the  Re- 
floration.    He  was  a  Perfon  of  a  great  deal  of  impru- 
dent Zeal,  as  appears  by  his  Behaviour  at  the  Fune- 
ral of  the  great  Mr.  CkiUingworth^  already  mention- 
ed.    Bilhop  Hoadly  fays,  he  was  exadly  Orthodox, 
and  as  Pious,  Honefl,  and  Charitable,  as  his  Bigotry 
would  permit  •,    and  Mr.  Eachard  adds,  that  he  was 
of  confiderable  Learning  and  great  Abilities. 
Df,  Pv-c-        Dr.  Michael  Roberts,    Principal  of  Jefus  College  in 
bcrts.        the  Room  of  Dr.  Aianfel,  was  a  good  Scholar,  and 
F^i''j        would,  no  doubt,  have  conformed  at  the  Refloration^ 
''^^'       had  he  been  enclined  to  have  accepted  any  Prefer- 
ment, bur  he  had  refigncd  his  Principality  into  the 
Hands  of  the  Protedor,   1657.  and  being  rich  chofe 
a  private  Life.     He  pubhfhed  a  Latin  Elegy  upon 
General  Alonk,  Duke  of  Albe?T}arley  and  died  in  Ox- 
ford J  079. 

Dr. 


Chap.  IX.       cf /^^  Pur  I  T  AN  s.  47  j 

Dr.  Edmund  Staunton,  Principal  of  Cart  us  Cbrifli  Kmg 
College  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Newlin,  was  aLlniitted  Fcl-  ^^'^•"■'^s  L 
low  of  this  College  1616.  an(J  afterwards  MiniRer  o^vj-stl^ 
Kingsion  upon  'Thames.  He  took  the  Degrees  in  Di- ^j^  S:aun- 
vinity  1634.  and  was  afterwards  one  of  the  Affembly  too*s  Life 
of  Divines.  He  kept  his  Principality  till  he  was^)*  ^^''• 
cicfted  by  the  King's  Commiflioners  at  the  Reftora- 'J^^y^V^ 

■  L  -^  j-i-  I         r.  u  ,  A! hen  Ox. 

tion  J    he  was  a  diligent  popular  rreacher,  a  good       ^ 
Scholar,  and  continued  his  Labours  among  the  Non- 
Conformilts  rill  his  Death,  which  happen'd  1671. 

John  Palmer,  M.  D.  Warden  of  All  Souls  in  t he D)- Pal- 
Room  of  Dr.  Sheldon^  had  been  Batchelor  of  Pl^yfickmtv.  Fafli, 
of  ^een*s  College,    and  was  now  created  M.  D.  inP**^^* 
prefence  of  the  Chancellor  ;  he  was  a  learned  Man, 
and  held  his  Preferment  till  March  4.  1659.  when 
he  died.     Upon  his  Death,  there  being  a  near  Pro- 
fpedl  of  the  Reftoration,  Dr.  Sheldon  was  repoUffled 
of  his  Wardenfhip. 

Upon  the  Death  of  Dr.  Pink  the  Vifitors  nomina-Wood'j 
ted  old  Mr.  Pf^hite  of  Dorchejier  to  fucceed  him,  but  I^^f"* 
think  he  refufed  it,    being  very  much  advanced  in^' 
Years,  and  that  it  was  conferr*d  on  Mr.  Chrijlophtr 
Rogers,  who  was  a  Perfon  of  a  Reverend  Afpedl,  an 
excellent  plain  Preacher,  and  a  very  charitable  Man, 
but  of  no  great  Parts  ;  he  was  ejected  at  the  Reftora- 
tion,  and  lived  afterwards  privately  to  his  Death. 

The  Profeflbrs  of  Sciences  who  fucceeded  thofe  i\iltse<iv  fw. 
were  ejeded  were,  .  Mors. 

Dr.  Seth  PFard,  Prokffor  of  Jilrono?ny  in  the  Place  Dr.  Ward, 
of  Dr.  Greaves,    and  according  to  Mr.  IVood,    ihc^fi-ii'po^- 
moft  noted  Mathematician  and  Aflronomer  of  his^^o'"'^'^* 
Time;  he  was  educated  in  Sidney  College,  Cambridge,' 
and  in    the  Year  1643.  ejedled  for  adhering  to  the 
King,    but  having  afterwards  changed  his  Mind  he 
made  Friends  to  the  Committee  for  reforming:  the 

T  T        •  - 

Univerfiry  of  Oxford,  and  was  appointed  to  this  Prefer- 
ment ;  he  was  afterwards  Matter  of  Trinity  College,  and 
foon  after  his  Majefty's  Reftoration  preferr'd  firfl  to 

H  h  4  the 


p.Si6. 


Al^  77:;^  HISTORY.         Vol.IIL 

^Jng     theBiflioprick  of  Eiceter,  and  then  to  that  of  Salijbu- 
^^"^"  ^'n^   W'^'^e'-e  he  died,   1668. 

^^^,^1^  "  Dr.  John  JValUs,  Savilian  Frofeffor  of  Geometry  in 
Dr  vvaliis.the  Room  of  Dr.  Turner ;    the  Fame  of  this  moft 
Wood's    learned  Gentleman  is  well  known  to  the  World  ;  he 
Fafti,        y^^s   Qf  'Emanuel  College,    Cambridge^    and  afterwards 
p-rijfo  •  j?g]i^y^  of  ^leen^s  College  in  the  fame  Univerfuy,  then 
Minifter   of  St.   Marlines  Ironmonger- Lane y    London, 
one  of  the  Scribes  in  the  AlTembly  of  Divines,  and 
now,  by  the  Appointment  of  the  Committee,  Geoine- 
iry  Profejfor  -,  he  conformed  at  the  Reftoration,  and 
continued  in  his  Place,  an  Ornament  to  the  Univer- 
fity,  to  a  very  old  Age. 
l>v.  Da  /■.^-LeiJiis  du  Moulin,'  M.D.  of  the  Univerfuy  oi  Ley- 
^ouiia^  r<^^^,  Cdmhden  ProfclTor  of  Hifl or y  in  the  Place  of  Mr. 
FalVi         Rchfri  {'Fareing,  was  incorporated  in  the  fame  Degree 
p.  7i.       ^-Campridge,   1634.  he  was  Son  of  the  famous  Peter 
du  Moulin,  the  French  Proteftant,  and  kept  his  Pre- 
ferment till  the  Reftora'tioji,  when  he  was  turned  out 
:by' his  .Majefly's  Commiflloners,    and    continued    a 
■Non-Gofiforrnift  till  his  Death,     He  was  a  valuable 
■and  learned  Man,  as  appears  by  his  Writings  i  but  Mr. 
?Fbo<i  adds,   he  was, a  violent  Independent,  andill-na- 
.  cured  :  .He  died  in  London  i68o. 
^'•^^^p.-Jcfinia  Croffe,  L.  L.  D.  Natural  PhiloJoiwerR^^i^tr 
Abrid'i*  in  the.  Room lof  Dr.  Edwards,  and  one  of  the  Proftcrs 
p.  58.^      of  the  Univerficy  »  he  was  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College, 
-and'kept  his  Reader^s  Place  till  the  Reftoration,  alter 
which  he  lived  privately  in  Oxford  till  1676.  when  he 
died.    'He  was  a  Gentleman  much  honoured  for  his 
becoming  Converfation. 
7^'r.  But-       Rdlp?  Button,    A.  M.    Univerfity  Orator  in    the 
ton.     ^    Room  of  'Dv.  Hammond,  and  one  of  the  Prodors  of 
Ca.amy  j  ^^  Univerfitv,  was  oriainally  of  Exeter  Colu'ze,  where 
p.  <5o.^'     ^s  made  fo  great  a  Progrels  in  Fhilofophy,  and  other 
Literature,  that  when  he  was  but  Batchelor  of  Arts 
-  he  was  recommended  by  Dr.  Prideaux  to  ftand  for  a 
Fellowfhip  in  Merion  College,    and  was  accordingly 
chofen  iP33.     He  V'?>£  afceewards  a  nqted  Tuior  in 
■  ■•     '     ^  hi5 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritans^  473 

his  Houfe,  but  was  obliged  to  leave  Oxford  in  the  Be-    King 
ginning  of  the  Civil  Wars  becaufe  he  would  not  bear^'^^'"'"  ^• 
Arms  for  the  King.     When  the  War  was  over  he  re-  \J^1^ 
turned  and  took  Pupils,  and  upon  the  Refulal  of  £^- ^^'^*'^' 
ward  Corbet  was  made  Canon  of  Cbrijl  Churchy    and 
Univerficy  Orator  -,  he  was  ejefted  at  the  Reftoration, 
and  afterwards  taught  Academical  Learning  at  JJIing- 
tofjf  near  London,  till  1680.  when  he  died.     He  was 
an  excellent  Scholar,    a  mod  humble  fincere  Man, 
and  a  great  Sufferer  for  Non-Conformity. 

Mr.  John  Harmar^  A.M.  ProfefTor  of  the  GreekMv.U^r- 
Language  in  the  Room  of  Dr.  Stringer^  was  educated  "^^'" 
in  Magdalen  College^  and  took  his  Degrees  161 7.  he   ^  'l^g  ^* 
was  afterwards  Mafler  of  the  Free  School  at  St.  Al- 
lans, and  one  of  the  Mailers  of  Wejlminfler  School ; 
from  thence  he  was  removed  to  the  Greek  Profcffor- 
fliip  in  this  Univerfity.     He  was  (fays  Mr.  Wood)  a 
great  Philofopher,  a  tolerable  Latin  Poet,  and  one 
of  the  moft  excellent  Grecians  of  his  Time,  but  other- 
wife  an  honeft  weak  Man.     He  was  turned  out  ac  the 
Reftoration,  and  afterwards  lived  privately  at  Steven- 
ton  in  Hampjhire  till  the  Year  1670.  when  he  died. 

Thefe  were  all  the  Changes  that  were  made  among 
the  Heads  of  Colleges  and  Profelfors  at  this  Time  i 
and  upon  the  whole,  though  it  muft  be  allowed, 
that  many  of  the  eje(fted  Loyalifts  were  Men  of  real 
Learning  and  Merit,  'tis  certain,  thofe  that  kept 
their  Places,  and  ihe  Succeffors  of  fuch  as  v/erc  eje<fr- 
ed  were  Men  of  equal  Probity  and  Virtue,  and  no 
lefs  eminent  in  their  fevcral  ProfefTions,  as  appear'-, 
by  the  Monuments  of  their  Learning  which  feveral  of 
Ihem  have  left  to  the  World, 

The  very  Enemies  of  [he  new  Heads  of  Colleges 5<f'-.-ic'o«r 
have  confefled,  that  they  were  fevere  in  the  Govern •"^'^y'^'t^ 
nient  of  their  feveral  Houfes  ;  that  they  kept  a  more   ""'       • 
than  common  Watch  over  the  Morals  of  the  Scudencs, 
andoblig'd  them  to  an  exadl  Compliance  with  their 
Sc^iiirc§.     The    Profejfors  v-'cre  indefatigable  in   in- 

flructing 


474  ^y^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Khg    ftruding  their  Pupils  both  in  publick  and  private  ; 
Charles  I. Religion  flourifli'd  more  than  before;  Drunkennefs, 
tj^^lij  Oaths,  and  Profanation  of  the  Lord's  Day,  were  ba- 
v^^V^v.'  nifhed  ;  ftrid  Piety,  and  a  Profeflion  of  Religion  were 
in  falhion  ;  the  Scholars  often  met  together  for  Pray- 
er and  religious  Conference ;  fo  that,  as  Mr.  Philip 
Henry,  who  lived  then  in  the  Univerfity,  obferves, 
Jf  thofe  of  the  old  Spirit  and  Way  were  at  firjl  the  better 
iicholarSj  thefe  were  the  better  Men. 
Remarks.      Let  the  Reader  now  judge  of  the  Spirit  and  Candor 
"Walker's  of  thofe  Writers,  who  infinuate,  "  that  the  new  Pro- 
Suff.Cler.  tt  feflbrs  could  neither  pronounce  Latin,  nor  write 
P-  M^"'      (c  Englijh  -,  that  in  the  Room  of  the  ejefted  Loyalifts 
*'  there  fucceeded  an   illicerate   Rabble,    fwept    up 
"  from  the  Plough  tail,  from  Shops  and  Grammar 
*'  Schools,  and  the  D^egs  of  the  neigh'jouring  Uni- 
*'  verficy  ;  that  the  Mufes  were  driven  from  their  an- 
*'  cient  Seats  •,     that  all   Loyalty,    Learning,    and 
"  good  Senfe,  was  banifhed  ;  and  that  there  fucceed- 
<*  ed  in  their  Room  nothing  but  Barbarifm,  Enthu- 
'•^  fiafm,  and  Ignorance,  till  the  Dawn  of  the  Refto- 
"  ration."     Lord  Clarendon  was  a  declared  Enemy  to 
thefe   Changes,    and  has  painted   them  in   the  moft 
frightful  Colours,  but  the  Force  of  Truth  has  obliged 
him  to  conftfs,  that*'  though  it 'might  have  been 
"  reafonably  expeifled,  that  this  wild  ah(J  barbarous 
"  Depopulation  (as  he  calls  it)  would  have  extirpa- 
"  ted  all  the  Learning,  Religion  and  Loyalty,  which 
*'  had  flourifhed  there,    and  that  the  fucceeding  ill 
*'  Hufbaridry,  and  unfkilful  Cultivation,  would  have 
"  made  it   fruitful  only  in  Ignorance,  Profanenefs, 
**  Atheifm  and  Rebellion,  yet  by  God's  wonderful 
*'  Providence  that  fruitful   Soil  could  not  be  made 
*'  Barren  by  all   that  Stupidity  and  Negligence  -,  it 
**  choakedthe  Weeds,  and  would  not  fuffer  the  poi- 
*'  fonous  Seeds  that  were  fown  with  Induftry  enough, 
'*  to  fpring  up,   but  after  fcveral  tyrannical  Govcr- 
**  nors  mutually  fucceeding  each  otner,  and  with  the 
*'  fame  Malice   and    Perverftrnefs   endeavouring  to 

"  excin- 


Chap.  IX.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  si  475 

*'  extinguifh  all  good  Literature  and  Allegiance,  it     King 
*'  yielded  an  Harveft  of  extraordinary  good  Know-^^-*^'^*  I- 
**  ledge  in  all  Parts  of  Learning;  and  many  who^Jf^^ 
**  were  wickedly   introduced  applied  themfelves  to       ''^ 
•*  the  Study  of  good  Learning,  and  the  Pradlice  of 
"  Virtue,    and   had   Inclinations    to  that  Duty  and 
"  Obedience  they  had  never  been  taught,  that  when 
**  it  pleafed  God  to  bring  King  Charles  II.  back  to  his 
•*  Throne  he  found  the  Univerfiiy  abounding  in  ex- 
'*  cellent  Learning,  and  devoted  to  Duty  and  Obe- 
*'  dience  little  inferior  to  what  it  was  before  its  Defo- 
**  lation."     Without  remarking  upon  the  ill-natured 
Satyr  of  this  Paragraph,  it  muft  be  acknowledged  a 
noble  Tcflimony  to  the  Learning  and  Induflry  of  the 
new  Prof ejfors^  from  the  Pen  of  an  Adverfary  i  and 
with  the  fame  Juftice  it  may  be  added,  that  the  Uni- 
verfity  was  in  a  much  better  Condition  for  Learning, 
Religion,  and  good  Senfe,  at , the  Reftoration,  than 
before  the  Beginning  of  the  Civil  Wars,  for  all  the 
great  Philofophers  and  Divines  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land^ and  others  that  flourilhed  in  the  Reigns  of  King 
Charles  II.  and  King  WilUam  III.  owed  their  Educa- 
tion to  thefe  Profeflors,  ^zthtTiUotfons,  StillingfleetSy 
Patricks,    Souths.    Caves,    Sprats,    Kidder s,    fVhitbySy 
Bulls,  Boyles,  Newtons,  Lockes,  and  others.  The  Uni- 
verfity  was  in  great  Reputation  in  foreign  Parts,  and 
produced  as  many  learned  Performances  as  at  any 
Time  before.     If  then  we  admit,  that  the  new  Pro- 
fefTors  were  not  introduced  into  their  Places  in  a  le- 
gal Way,  according  to  the  Statutes,  becaufe  of  the 
NeceJJit-j  of  the  'Times,  *tis  certain,  they  proved  wife 
and  careful  Governors,  ftridl  Obfervcrs  of  their  Sta- 
tures,   and  induflrious  Promoters  of   Learning  and 
Piety  ;  fo  far  were  they  from  deferving  the  infamous 
Charaflers  of    ignorant,    illiterate,    hypocritical   Block- 
heads,  Enemies  to  the  legal  Conftitution  of  their  Countr)\ 
or  oi  being  any  ways  unworthy  the  Preferments  they 
enjoyed  in  the  Univerfity. 

There 


476  n^  HISTORY         Vol. III. 

King        There  were  no  doubt,  at  firft,  very  confiderable  Va- 
Charks  I-cancies  in  the  feverai  Colleges  by  thefe  Removes ;  ma- 
^^^^  ny  of  the  Fellows  and  Scholars  being  dead,  or  killed  in 
Vacancies  the  King's  Service,  others  having  refigned  their  Places 
in  the  vm-\x\  the  Univerfity  for  Benefices  in  the  Church,  befides 
i/er/O'/^-fhofethat  were  expeil'd  by  the  Vifitors,  already  men- 
*'^  *'P'       tioned ;  but  to  fupply  the  Defed  of  Fellows  and  Tutors, 
the  Committee  encouraged  feverai  learned  Graduates 
in  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  to  tranflate  themfelves 
to  Oxford,    and  accept  of  Preferments  according  to 
their  Merits.     Many  that  had  fled  from  the  Univer- 
fity when  it  became  a  Garrifon  for  the  King,  return- 
ed to  their  Colleges,  and  were  promoted  according 
to  their  Seniority.     Great  Numbers  of  Youth  that 
had  been  kept  at  home  becaufe  of  the  "Wars  were 
now  fent    to  Oxford  by    their    Parents,    to   perfed: 
their   Education  •,    and   if  it   be  confider*d   further, 
that  there  had  been  no  AdmifTions  from  Weflminfiery 
Eaton,  St.  Paufs,  Merchant-Taylors,  and  other  pub- 
lick  Schools,  for  five  or  fix  Years  pad,  it  is  not  to 
be  wonder'd  that  there  was  an  unufual  flow  of  Youth 
to  the  Univerfity  at  this  Time,  fo  that  the  Damage 
occafioned  by  this  Revolution  of  Afi^airs  was  quickly 
repaired,  Learning  revived,  and  the  Mufes  returned 
to  their  ancient  Seats.  ' 

catifes  of      The  longlnterruptionofEducation  in  the  Univerfity 
the  in-      produced  a  very  greatScarcity  of  orthodox  and  learned 
2«'^/«  oj    jy[inifl:ers  in  the  Countries,  fome  being  filenced  for  rc- 
py^^fj^yj.  fufing  the  Covenant,  and  others  difperfed,  or  killed  in 
the  Wars.  Many  Pulpits  alfo  were  vacant  by  reafon  of 
the  Scandal  or  Infufficiency  of  the  Incumbents,  which 
was  one  Occafion  of  the  Increafe  of  Lay-Preachers, 
for  the  Country  People  would  go  to  hear  any  body 
Rifhw.     rather  than  have  no  Sermons  •,    befides,  the  Prefby- 
P.S54.      terian  Clergy   would  authorize  none  to  preach  but 
fuch  as  would  take  the  Covenant,  and  confent  to  their 
Difcipline.     To  remedy    thefe   Evils  the  Northern 
Counties  petitioned  the  Hogfes  10  ered:  a  new  Univer- 
fity in  the  City  of  7'ork^  but  the  Confufion  of  the 
I  '  Times 


Chap.  IX.       of  the  ?u  KIT  A  lis,  477 

Times  prevented  their  profecuting  trie  Defign.     The    Km/^ 
IndepoidantSy    who  were  lefs  zealous  about  Clerical  Sharks  I. 
Orders,    encouraged,    or  at   leaft    connived  at  the^i^J^ 
Tay- Preachers,  apprehending,  that  in  Cafes  of  Ne-^^''*'^ 
cefflty,  pious  Men  of  good  natural  Parrs  might  exer- 
cife  their  Gifts  pubiickly  to  the  Edification  of  the 
Church  i   till  under  this  Cover  they  faw  every  bold 
Enthufiaft  almoll    begin  to   ufurp   the  Office  of  a 
Teacher.     To  bring  Things  therefore  into  a  little 
better  Order,  the  following  Petition  was  prefented 
to   both   Houfes  of  Parliamenr,    Ooi.  6.    under  the 
Title  of  The  humble  Petition  of  7nany  Citizens  of  Lon- 
don, and  others. 

\7"OUR  Petitioners  are  deeply  fenfible  of  xhtpetitlev 
\     extream  Wane  of    Preaching    the    Gofpel/^*"  w'**^- 
throughout  this  Kingdom,  there  being  many  Hun-^**'"*^^ 
dreds  of  Towns  and  Villages  altogether  deftitutCj^^^^ 
of  any  Preaching  Minifters,  and  many  others  are  p.  834, 
not  well  fupplicd  *,  by  reafon  whereof  Ignorance, 
Drunkennefs,  Profanenefs,  Difaffe<51:ion  to  the  Par- 
liament, and  to  others  in  Authority,  every  where 
abounds,   there  being  fcarce  fo  much  as  the  Face 
of  Religion   in  many  Places.     There  is   a  great 
Cry  of  People  from  feveral  Counties  of  the  King- 
dom, for  Men  to  preach  to  them  the  Word  of  eter- 
nal Life  -,    and  there  are  many  Men  of  competent 
Gifts  and  Abilities,  of  good  Life  and  honell  Con-' 
verfation,   who  being  willing  to  employ  their  Ta- 
lents in  the  Lord's  Work,    and  to  fubmit  them- 
felves  for  Approbation  to  moderate  and  judicious 
Men,  are  yet,   by  Occafion  of  fome  Scruples  about 
Ordination,    difcouraged   from    engaging  .in    this 
Work  of  pnblifliing    the   Gofpel,    wherein   they 
might   be   helpful    to  many.     And  feeing  that  in 
the  Days  of  Qiieen  Elizabeth^  upon  Occasion. of 
People's   Necessities,    many   luch   Men  were 
fent  forth  to  publifh  the  Golpel,  who  had  no  for- 
mal A61  of  Minifl'jiial  Ordination  paft  upon  them, 

•■*  whofe 


47S  T/&^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

KJwg    *'  whofe  Endeavours  the  Lord  bleffed  to  the  Good  of 
Charles  I.t<  niany  Souls,  and  the  furthering  of  the  Kingdom's 

l;^^^  **  Peace.  And  fince  alfo  we  nothing  doubt,  but  the 
"  Propagation  of  the  Gofpel  throughout  this  King- 
*«  dom,  and  the  Information  of  Men  in  the  Things  of 
"  their  Peace,  and  the  Peace  and  Safety  of  the  King- 
*'  dom,  are  worthy  of  your  greateft  Zeal,  and  are 
*'  not  the  leafl  of  your  Care  ; 

"  Therefore  your  Petitioners  humbly  pray,  thac 
"  thofe  who  fnali  be  approved  of  as  Men  meet  to 
'•  difpenfe  the  Myfteries  of  the  Gofpel,  by  fuch  ju- 
*'  dicious,  moderate,  and  able  Men,  whom  you  in 
•'  Wifdom  fhall  appoint  thereunto,  may  receive  from 
"  this  honourable  Houfe  Encouragement  and  Pro- 
**  tedion  in  Preaching  the  Gofpel  in  any  Place  of 
"  this  Kingdom,  or  Dominion  of  Wales,  where 
"  Need  requires,  that  fo  the  Word  of  the  Lord  may 
"  have  free  Courfe  and  be  glorified  ;  ignorant  Men 
•'  may  be  inftrufted  -,  Drunkennefs,  Protancnefs,  and 
"  Difaffedion  to  the  Parliament,  and  to  others  in 
"  Authority,  may  be  abandoned  ;  and  both  thetem- 
*'  poral  and  fpiricual  Peace  and  Profperity  of  all 
"  Sorts  of  Men  be  the  more  advanced.'* 

The  Ploufes  thanked  the  Petitioners  for  their  good 
Affedtion,  but  did  nothing  uoon  it. 


stage  By  an  Ordinance  of  Feb.   ii.   this  Year,    "  All 

ttays  put  c<  Stage-Players  were  declared  to  be  Rogues  punifh- 

*^'"'       "  able  by  the  Ad  of  the  39th  of  Queen  £//2;^^^/^, 

Scobel,     ct  ^^^  y^^  Qf  King  James^  notwithflanding  any  Li- 

^"  '^^'      *'  cence  they  might  have  from  the  King,    or  any 

*'  other    Perfon.     All   Stage    Galleries,    Seats  and 

**  Boxes,  are  ordered  to  be  pulled  down   by  War- 

"  rant  of  two  Juflices  of  Peace  ;  all  Adors  in  Plays 

'*  for  Time  to  come  being  convided  fliall  be  pub- 

".  lickly  whipp'd,  and  find  Sureties  for  their  not  of- 

"  fending  in   like  Manner  for  the  future ;  and  all 

Spedators  of  Plays  for  every  OlTence  are  to  pay 


Five  Shillings." 


The 


Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritan  s.  479 

The  Controverfies  about  Church-Government,  and     Kin^ 
Liberty  of  Confcience,  ran  ftill  as  high  as  ever  •,  the^'^^'^^*^'  ^• 
Prejb^tenans^  who  had  the  Government  of  the  City  of  J-^JZ^^ 
JaOiidon  in  their  Hands,  wereiov  preiTingCovenafit  Urn- state  of 
formily  in  their  Sermons,  which  the  IndependantSy  ztidiR-elighn. 
others  of  moreCatholick  Principles,  endeavoured  toCIarend. 
oppofe  with  all  their  might.    Lord  Clarendon  is  plealed  ^°^-  ^• 
to  reprefent  this  in  a  ludicrous  Manner;  **  The  Puipit^'j^'^* 
**  Skirmifhes(rays  his  Lordlhip)  were  now  higher  than 
*'  ever  j  the  Prefiyterians  in  thofe  Fields  lofing  noihing 
*»  of  their  Courage  ;  having  a  notorious  Power  in  the 
*'  City,  notwithftanding  the  Emulation  of  the  Itjdepen- 
*'  dann,  who  were  more  learned  and  rational,  who,  tho* 
"  they  had  not  fo  great  Congregations  of  the  com- 
**  mon  People,    yet  lnfe<fled,  and  were  followed  by 
"  the  moft  fubftantial  Citizens,  and  by  others  of  bet- 
•'  ter  Condition.     To  chele  Men  Cro?nwell  and  mr  ft 
*'  of  the  Officers  of  the  Army  adhered  -,  but  the  Di- 
*'  vinity  of  the  Times  was  not  to  be  judged  by  the 
*'  Preaching  and  Congregations  in  Churches,  which 
*'  werenowthought  not  to  be  the  fit  and  proper  Places 
*'  of  Devotion,  and  Religious  Exercifcs,  where  the 
*'  Bifhops  had  exercifed  fuch  illimited  Tyranny,  and 
**  which  had   been  polluted  by  their  Confecrations. 
*'  Liberty  of  Confcience  was  now   become  the  great 
*'  Charter,  and  Men  who  were  infpir'd  preach'd  and 
*'  pray'd   when  and  where  they  would.     Anabaptijls 
*'  grew  very  numerous,  with  whom  the  Independants 
*'  concurr'd,  fo  far  as  to  join  with  them  for  the  Abo- 

"  lifhing  of  Tithes,   as  of  judaical  Inflitution  If 

*'  any  honefb  Man  could  have  been  at  fo  much  Eafe 
*'  as  to  have  beheld  the  Profpetfl  with  Delight,  ne- 
"  ver  was  fuch  a  Scene  of  Confufion  as  had  fpread  it 
»'  felf  ar  this  Time  over  the  whole  Kingdom.'*  And 
yet  ic  is  certain,  that  the  Laws  againit  Vice  and  Im- 
morality were  flnctly  executed,  the  Lord*s  Day  was 
duly  obferved,  the  Churches  were  crowded  with  ac- 
tenrive  Hearers,  Family  Devotion  was  in  Repute, 
neither  Servants  nor  Children  being  allowed  to  walk 

in 


480  51^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

Kifg  in  the  Fields,  or  frequent  the  Publick  Houfes.  In  a 
Chavks  I.  Word,  notwithftanding  the  Difference  of  Men's 
yLI;^  Opinions,  and  pohtick  Views,  there  was  a  Zeal  for 
God,  and  a  much  greater  Appearance  of  Sobriety, 
Virtue,  and  true  Religion,  than  before  the  Civil 
War,  or  after  the  BlefTed  Reftoration. 
Death  of  Among  the  Puritan  Divines  that  died  this  Year 
bfrtPaf-  ^^^  ^^^  Reverend  Mr.  Herberi  Palmer,  B.  D.  of 
jj^gr.  whom  mention  has  been  made  among  the  Camhri(jge 
Clark's  ProfelTors  •,  his  Father  was  Sir  'Thomas  Palmer  of 
Lives.  PVingha?n  in  Kent^  his  Mother  the  eldeft  Daughter  of 
Herbert  Pelharn  o( SuJJex,  Efqj  Our  Divine  was  born 
at  Winghamy  and  baptized  there  March  29.  1601. 
he  had  a  polite  Education  in  his  Father's  Houfe,  and 
learn'd  the  French  Language  almoft  as  foon  as  he 
could  fpeak.  In  the  Year  161 5.  he  was  admitted 
Fellow  Commoner  in  St.  John's  College  Cambridge. 
In  the  Year  1622.  he  took  the  Degrees  of  M.  A.  In 
1623.  he  was  chofen  ¥t\\ovi  o^  ^een^s  College  in  that 
Univerfity  ;  the  Year  following  he  was  ordained  to 
the  Minittry,  to  which  he  had  devoted  himfelf  from 
his  Infancy  :  His  firft  Exercife  was  at  a  Ledure  in 
the  City  of  Canterbury,  where  he  preached  once  a 
Week  till  it  was  put  down  with  the  reft  of  the  After- 
noon Sermons.  In  the  Year  1632.  he  was  prefented 
by  Archbifhop  Laud  to  the  Vicarage  of  JJhwell  in 
Hertfordjhire,  where  he  preached  Twice  every  Lord's 
Day,  and  catechifed  the  Children  of  his  Parifhioners. 
The  fame  Year  he  was  chofpn  one  of  the  Univerfiiy 
Preachers  of  Cambridge,  by  which  he  had  Authority 
to  preach,  as  he  fiiouid  have  Occalion,  in  any  Part 
of  Ef7gland.  In  the  Year  1640.  he  and  Dr.  Tuckney 
•were  chofen  Clerks  of  the  Convocation  for  the  Dio- 
cefe  oi  Lincoln.  In  the  Year  1643.  he  was  called 
to  be  a  Member  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines  at  Weft- 
Qtmifter^  and  after  fome  Time  chofen  one  of  their  Af- 
jejforsy  in  which  Place  he  behaved  with  great  Wif- 
dom  and  Integrity.  April  1 1.  1644,  he  was  conftitu- 
ted  Mailer  of  ^eer/s  College  Cambridge,  by  the  Earl 

of 


Ghap.  IX.       o/'  //?^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  481 

of  Manchejler ;  here  he  fee  himfclf  induftrioufly  to  Kina; 
the  promoting  of  Religion  and  Learning,  being  ve-C^»=""J"  ^• 
ry  foiicieous  that  none  Ihould  be  admitted  to  .1  Scho-^i^^^ 
larfliipor  FcUowfhip  in  his  College  but  fucli  as  were 
qualified  in  both  thcfe  Rcfpecit?,  tl^e  good  KfTc^ls  of 
which  appeared  in  the  Reputation  and  Credit  of  that 
Society  beyond  moil  others  of  the  Univerfity  in  his 
Time.  Mr.  Pal/ner  wixs  a  Gentleman  of  a  low  Sta- 
ture, and  a  weakly  Cunllitution,  but  indefatigable 
in  Bufmefs  ;  all  his  Time  was  employed  in  Works  of 
Devotion  and  Chariiy,  for  as  he  had  a  competent 
Eilate,  and  chofe  a  fingle  Life,  he  had  an  Opportu- 
nity of  doing  a  great  deal  of  Good  ;  he  maintained 
feveral  poor  Scholars  at  his  own  Expence  in  the  Col- 
lege, and  when  he  died  left  a  confiderable  Sum  of 
Money  to  the  fame  Purpofe.  His  laft  Sicknefs  was 
not  long,  his  Conilitution  being  fpenr,  but  his  Beha- 
viour was  uncommon,  he  looked  the  King  of  Ter- 
rors in  the  Face  with  an  holy  Courage  and  Refoluti- 
on,  and  refigned  his  Life  this  Summer,  with  a  firrri 
Expectation  of  the  Mercy  of  God  to  eternal  Life, 
in  the  Forty  fixth  Year  of  his  Age,  and  was  buried  in 
the  New  Church  at  IVejljninJler. 

Mi\  Henry  PFUkinfofi,  B.  D.  was  born  in   'Tork/Ioirei  Death  of 
and  educated   \n  Merlon  College  Oxford.     In  the  Year ■''^'''•^^.'- "''7, 
1586.  he  was  chofen  Probationer  Fellow,  and  pro- .^'^''■^'^' 
ceeded  in  Arts  •,  after  fome  Time  he  was  made  B.Df 
and  in  the  Year  1601.  became  Paflor  ol  Waddefdo/i  in 
Bucks.     Fie  was  a  Perfon  of  confiderable  Learnincr 
and  Piety,  and  being  an  old  Puritan  (fays  Mr.  kFood) 
waseleCteJi  one  of  the  Aflembly  of  D;vinesin  1643.  buc 
he  fpent  the  chief  of  his  Time  r>nd  Labours  among  his 
Parifliioners  at  IVaddefdon^  by  whom  he  was  greatly 
beloved  ;    here   he  died,  in   a  very  advanced  Age, 
March  19.  164^.  and  lies  buried  in  his  own  Church. 

Mr.  John  SaUmarjh,  defce'nded  of  an  ancient  Fami- -Of <?*([•<)/ 
iy  in  TorkpAre^  was  educated  \n  Magdalen  College  Cdjj}-'^^''  f '^'" 
bridge,  and  graduated  there  ;  he  v/as  e(leemed  a  Per-  '^V^'"^ 
fon  of  a  fineaclive  Fancy,    no  contemptible  Foetjp.Vti-;. 

Vol.  Hi.  ■  I  i  '         .     and    "    ' 


482  rZ'^  HISTORY  Vol.Iir. 

Kn^g  and  a  good  Preacher  -,  he  was  firit  Minifter  niNorlb- 
Charles  '^•ampiofj,  afterwards  at  Bratjled  in  Kent^  and  at  length 
^^_,^,«iyi^  Chaplain  in  Sir  Tho.  Fairfaxes  Army,  where  he  al- 
ways preached  up  Love  and  Peace  :  He  meddled  not 
with  Prefbytery  or  Independency,  but  laboured  to 
draw  Souls  from  Sin  to  Chrift.  He  writ  fome  Trca- 
tiles,  by  which  it  appears  he  was  oi  /Intinojnian  Prin- 
Ruflivv.  ciples.  The  Manner  of  his  Death  was  extraordinary  ; 
P-  S'44-  Vecemh.  4.  1647.  being  at  his  Houfe  at  Ilford  in  EJfe^ 
he  told  his  Wite  he  had  been  in  a  Trance,  and  re- 
ceived a  Meflage  from  God  which  he  muft  imme- 
diately deliver  to  the  Army.  He  went  that  Night 
to  London^  and  next  Day  to  Windfor  ;  being  come  to 
the  Council  of  OfRcers  he  told  them,  that  the  Lord 
had  left  them  •,  that  he  would  not  prolper  their  Con- 
fultations,  but  deftroy  them  by  Divifions  among 
ihemfelves,  becaufe  they  had  fought  to  dellroy  the 
People  of  God,  thofe  who  had  flood  by  them  in  their 
greaceft  Difficulties.  He  then  went  to  the  General^ 
and  without  moving  his  Hat  told  him,  that  God  was 
highly  difpleafed  with  him  for  committing  of  Saints  to 
Prifon.  The  like  MefTage  he  delivered  to  Cromivell^ 
and  required  him  to  take  effeftual  Meafures  for  the 
Enlargement  of  the  Members  of  the  Army  that  were 
committed  for  not  complying  with  the  general  Coun- 
cil. He  then  tooli  his  Leave  of  the  Officers,  telling 
them,  he  had  now  done  his  Errand,  and  muft  leave 
them,  never  to  fee  them  any  more.  After  which 
he  went  to  London,  and  rook  Leave  of  his  Friends 
there,  telling  them,  his  Work  v/as  done,  and  defiring 
fome  of  them  to  be  careful  of  his  Wife.  Ihurjday, 
Dec.g.  he  returned  to ///<?r<i  in  perfeft  Health;  next 
Day  he  told  his  Wife,  that  he  had  now  finifhed  his 
Work,  and  muft  go  to  his  Father.  <S'(3/«r^^)'  Morning, 
Dec.  II.  he  was  taken  fpeechlefs,  and  about  Four  in 
the  Afternoon  he  died. 


C  H  A  P. 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Fv  KIT  AH  s.  483 

C  H  A  P.     X. 

The  fccond  Civil  War.  The  Conclufion  of  the 
Ajfembly  of  Divi/ies.  The  Progrefs  of  Pre/- 
b'ytery.  The  Treaty  of  the  I  lie  of  Wight. 
Death  and  Cbaracier  of  King  Charles  I. 
His  IVorks.  And,  the  Authors  of  his  unhappy 
Sufferings. 

r'pHE  King  was  all  lafl:  Winter  a  clofe  Prifoner  in     i^i»g 
\     Carijhrook  Cafde,    attended  only  by  Two  ^^'^-^'^'"/^ 
.  vants  of  liis  own,   but  debarred  of  all  other  Converfa-  k^^^^ 
tion,   without  the  Knowledge  (  f  the  Governor  ■»  nc- rLe  femJ 
verthelefs,     by    the    Afliitance    of   Tome   yarilcuhrovi: h'au 
Friends,   he  lent,  and  received  Icveral   Letters  from 
the  Queen,  though  his  Correlpondence  was  difjovcr'd 
oftner  than  he  was  aware.     His  Majelly  made  fcve- 
ral  Attempts  to  efcape  but  was  always  c;ircoverv.d  •, 
Captain  Burky  attempted  to  laife  the  Ifland  for  him, 
but  was  apprehended  and  executed.  However,  in  pur- 
Tuance  of  the  fecret  Treaty  wi;h  the  Scots,  already 
menrioned,  an  Army  v/as  raifing  in  that  Kingdom,  to 
be  commanoGd  by  Duke  Hamilton^  but  the  Englijh  Ca- 
vah'ers,  impatient  of  Delay,  without  conceding  pro- 
per Meafures  among  thcmfelves,  or  wich  ilie  Prepjy 
ter'tans^  rofe  up  in  Arms  in  fevera,l -Counties  to  deli- 
ver the  King  from  his  Confinement,  and  to  reftore 
him  without  any  Treaty  with  his  Parliament.     The^^^'^v-. 
Welch  appeared  fir 0,  under  Major  General  Lamhorn^^'  '^*"'"' 
Co'onel  Po)cr  and  Powcl,  Three  Officers  in  the  Par- 
liament Army,  who  had  privately  accepted  Commif- 
lions  from  tl>e  Prince  of  irah'S.     Thefe  were  followed 
by  others  in   hoyfdjJ.nre^    DcvorpJirc^    «-^^{/A'-v,  Surn?\-^ 
JJncolnJhire,    Norfolk^    Ke;it^    Norlhanitlohjhire,  Elfc-x, 
and  in  the  Ci'.y  of  Lnu'ion  ic  feif.     The  Infurrcdir-ri 
in  the  City  beg:m  on  Sunday^  y'lpril  q.   in  Moorfeiu!^ 
by   a  Con:pany  of  young  Fellows  wJLh  Cluhs  ar.d 
i  *  -'  Slaves, 


4^4  7/&^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Khg  Staves,  crying  out,  for  God  and  King  Charles.  But 
Charles  I  after  they  had  done  fome  Mifchief  in  the  Night,  and 
,^^^-^^,  frighted  the  Mayor  into  the  Tozver^  they  were  dif- 
fperfed  next  Morning  by  the  General  at  the  Head 
ot  Two  Regiments.  The  Kentijh'  Men  under  the 
Earl  of  Norwich  plunder'd  fome  Houfes,  but  were 
defeated  near  Alaidjioney  and  having  a  Promife  of 
Pardon  the  main  Body  laid  down  their  Arms ;  but 
the  Earl  of  Norwich^  with  five  Hundred  refolute 
Men,  crofTed  the  Thames  at  the  IJlc  of  Bogs^  and 
came  as  far  as  Mile-  End. Green^  expeding  AlTiftance 
from  the  City,  but  being  difippointed,  he  joined  the 
EJJex  Cavaliers  under  Sir  Charles  Lucas  and  Lord 
Capely  who  furprized  the  Parliament's  Committee  at 
Chelmsford^  and  then  (hut  themfclves  up  in  ColcheJIer, 
where  they  maintained  themfelves  againft  General 
Fairfax  for  Ten  Weeks,  till  being  reduced  to  the  hift 
Extremiiy  they  were  forced  to  furrender  at  Difcre- 
tion  Aiig,28.  after  which  the  General  marched  round 
about  the  Country,  and  having  quieted  all  Infurre- 
diions  in  thofe  Parts  returned  to  his  head  Quarters  at 
St.  Alban's  about  Michaelmas.  While  Fairfax  was  in 
Kent  and  F.ffex^  Lieutenant  General  Cromixjell  redu- 
ced the  Welch  by  the  End  oijiine.  About  which 
Time  the  Earl  of  Holland  and  Duke  of  Buckingham 
appeared  at  the  Head  of  five  Hundred  Horfe  and 
fome  Foot  about  Kiagfion  upon  T'hames,  but  they 
were  foon  difperfed ;  the  Earl  was  taken  Prifoner  at 
St.  Neot^s  in  Htintingtonfhire  by  Colonel  Scroops  and 
the  Duke  ot  Buckingham,  v/ith  great  Difficulty,  got 
into  the  Low  Countries.  About  the  fame  Time  feve- 
ral  of  the  Parliament's  ^hips  revolted  to  the  Prince 
of  FFaleSy  then  in  Holland,  who  went  on  Board,  and 
with  Prince  Rupert,  Lord  Hopton,  and  others,  failed 
to  the  Coait  of  England  with  a  Dcfign  to  relieve  Col- 
chefler,  but  being  difappointed,  he  landed  five  Hun- 
dred  Men  about  Deal  and  Sandwich,  and  blocked  up 
the  Thames  Mouth;  but  when  the  Earl  of  ^F^rzcK' 
came  up  with  the  Parliament's  Elect  he  failed  back 


Chap.  X.        of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  s.  48^ 

to  Hollandy   and  inofl:  of  the  Ships  leturneJ  to  the    K'tip 
Obedience  of  the  Parliament.  Charles  I. 

Ic  was  not  without  great  Difficulty  that  the  King's  ,^L1^ 
Friends  in  5co//rt;/i  prevailed  with  their  Parliament  tpj^a^;,,,, 
confenc  to  the  Raifing  an  Army  againfl:  EnglancU  forp.  475. 
the  Commiffioners  ot  the  Kirk,  and  the  whole  Body 
of  their  Minlfters  were  vehemently  againfl:  it  ;  and 
v/hen  it  was  put  to  the  Vote,  Eighteen  Lords  and 
I'orty  Commoners  entred  their  Protelt,  from  a  llrong 
Sufpicion,  that  by  the  Flocking  of  the  Loyalills  to 
Edinburgh  there  was  a  privare  Agreement  between 
Hainilton  and  that  Party  to  'lay  a  fide  the  Covenant, 
and  reftore  the  King  without  any  Conditions-,  to  pre-H.  Mem. 
vent  which  the  Scots  Parliament  gave  exprefs  Ordcrs,P'  3  39« 
that  none  fliould   be  received  ino  their  Army,  or 
join  with  them,  at  their  Entrance  into  England,   but 
fuch  as  fliould  lake  the  Covenant  •,  but  Hamilton,  who 
betray'd  their  Caufe,  found  Means  to  evade  the  Or- 
der,   by   which  Means  he  ruined  himfclf,    and  the 
Party  he  intended  to  ferve. 

The  Scots   Army   enter'd   England  July  8.  to  thei^'^  Scots 
Number  of  Twenty  Thoufand  Foot  and  Six  Thou-^*'"'>'.^^' 
fand  Horfe,  under  the  Command  of  Duke  Ha?nilton^*"'^  "^^ 
and  were  met  fome  Time  after  by  Sir  Mannaduke 
Langdale  at  the  Head  of  Four  Thoufand  Foot  and  ^ 

Seven  Thoufand  Horfe  •,  but  thefe  being  EngHJb  Men 
and  Cavaliers,  who  had  not  taken  the  Covenant,  were 
not  incorporated  with  ihe  Scots  Forces,  but  were  obli- 
ged to  march  a  Day  before  them,  which  was  Hamilton's 
Contrivance  to  evade  his  Orders  i  neverthelefs  they 
were  but  one  Army,  Langdale  being  to  receive  all 
his  Orders  from  Hamilton,  and  to  a61:  only  by  his 
Directions.  But  though  there  was  a  private  Under- 
ilanding  between  the  Two  Generals,  the  Subalterns, 
and  Soldiers  of  both  Parties  were  not  acquainted  with 
ir,  but  had  the  fame  incurable  Jealoufy  of  each  others 
Intentions  as  formerly  ;  for  the  fame  Reafon  the  Pref- 
byierians  in  the  Parliament  at  IVejlminJler  commif- 
fioned  their  Army  to  oppofe  the  Scots^  though  they 

I  i  3  came 


4^6  r/*^  HISTORY         Vol.IIT, 

Kivp:  came  into  EjigUnd  with  an  avowed  Intention  of  refto- 
Charks  I-nng  the  King  upon  the  Terms  of  the  Covenant ;  which 
^^t^  W2'^  the  Thing  they  wifhed  for  above  all  Things. 

It  may  feem  furprifing,  however,  that  there  was 
no  good  Uncierftanding  between  rhe  Two  Parh'a- 
menrs,  when  thofe  of  England  fent  Commiffioners  to 
Edinburgh  to  accomplifh  it ;  but  the  Scots  were  fo 
flroDgly  perfwaded,  that  the  Parliament  at  Wepnin' 
Jler  was  dill  governed  by  a-n  Army  oi  IndependaniSy 
that  all  that  Mr.  MarJhaU  and  the  reft  could  fay,  was 
not  fufficient  to  divert  them  from  their  Enterprize, 
which  is  nor  to  be  wonder'd  at,  confidering  the 
Strength  of  the  Bamiltonian  Faulion^  and  their  Obliga- 
tions 10  the  King  by  their  fecret  Treaty.  Ihis  appears 
from  the  Duke*s  Letter  to  Lambert^  in  which  he  ac- 
quaints him,  that  he  was  commanded  to  enter  England 
Rufhw.  with  an  Army,  for  maintaining  the  Solemn  League  and 
p.  1104.  Covenant  •,  for  fettling  Religion;  for  delivering  the  King 
from  his  hafe  Imprifonment ; and  freeifigthe Parliament frc?n^ 
the  Confiraint  -put  upon  them.  But  the  State  of  Affairs 
was  nov/  changed  by  the  Rifmg  of  the  Englifl3  Cava- 
liers ;  the  Army  was  in  the  Field,  and  divided  into 
leveral  diftant  Parts  of  the  Kingdom,  and  the  Prep^te- 
rians  in  as  full  Pofieffion  of  the  Government,  as  here- 
tofore i  ihey  were  reviving  the  Treaty  with  the  King, 
and  fending  Propofiticns  to  the  Sects  to  join  with  them, 
but  the  good  Underilanding  between  the  two  N?iti- 
ons  having  been  interrupted  laft  Winter,  by  the 
o-rowino;  Influence  of  the  iirmv,  who  were  no  Friends 
10  Covenant  Uniforfjiity^  the  Scots  would  not  be  fatif- 
fied  with  the  prefent  Revolution  of  Affiurs,  unlefs 
they  were  difbanded,  and  therefore  had  not  changed 
the  [nftrutlions  to  riieir  General.  On  the  other  hand, 
trie  Parliament  ccuid  not  with  Safety  difband  their 
Army  while  tlie  Cavaliers  v.ere  in  the  Field  j  nor 
could  they  forbid  their  oppofing  the  Sccts^  becaufe  they 
had  joii'.ed  ihe  ccjmnon  F.;ir7?;v^  and  were  marching  in- 
to ii;;^/.iKi  with  an  armed  Force  to  deliver  the  King 
tiom  nis  Imprifonm^nr,  wuhoiit  concerting  Meafurts 

w::h 


Chap. X.        of  tbe  PuRiT  A^5.  487 

with  the  Two  Houfes,  or  conomunicating  their  fe-    ^''«5 
crec  Treaty  with   his  Majefty  in  the  Ip  cl   IFigbt.^^^^^^'^^  ^• 
Thus  the  two  Parliaments  of  England  and  octfland  op-  v^i-!^>^ 
pofed  each  other,  when  both  had  the  fame  Views,  and 
were  carrying  on  tiie  very  fame  Defign.     If  the  Scots 
Army  had  been  commanded  by  a  General  the  Prepy- 
tcriaiis  could  have  confided  in,    and  had  marched  di- 
redlly  for  London^  without  joining  the  Ca'valiers^  the 
Parliament  of  England  would    have   received  them, 
while  the  Armv  was  abroad,  and  the  Citizens  of  Loh- 
don  have  opened  ihcir  Gates  ;  for  the  EngUJh  Prefipe- 
riam  wifhed  them  well  ;   but  by  joining  the  common  Ham.  M. 
Enemy,  who  were  in  Arms  all  over  the  Kingdom, P- 3  57' 
they   were  ftagger'd  ;  and   Duke  Ham'dton^  who  be-54')>  353» 
tray'd  their  Caufe,  by  trifling  away  a  whole  Month 
in  the  North,  gave  the  Army,  which  was  divided 
and  difperfed  into  diftant  Parts,  Time  to  join,    and 
defeat  all  their  Enterprizes. 

7^he  Scots  invading  England  after  this  Manner,  and 
in  the  Midi!  of  fo  many  Jnfurredions,  awaken'd 
Men's  Fears,  and  made  them  apprehend  the  Caufe 
was  to  be  fought  over  again.  The  Parliament  was 
alarm'd  on  every  Side,  but  the  Army  promifed  to 
ftand  by  them,  and  march  wherefoever  the  Com- 
mittee of  the  Two  Houfes  (appointed  to  manage 
their  Motions)  fliould  cireCl-.  General  Fairfax  en- 
gaged heartily  againll  the  Cavaliers^  but  refufed  to 
march  againft  the  Scois^  becaufe  they  had  declared 
openly  for  the  Cover.ant.  Colonel  Lambert  thereforey?>^rf  is  de- 
was  ordered  into  the  North,  with  a  frying  Squadron  to/^''^^'^  h 
harrafsthem,  till  Lieutenant  General  Crc'W'ct'^// couId^''°"^^^^^ 
come  out  of  IFales  to  his  Airiftance  ;  the  Scots  having- 
been  joined  by  Sir  Marmaditke  Langdah,  who  had 
feized  the  important  Town  of  Berwick,  marched 
t'l rough  Cumberland  and  IVefimorland  into  LancaJlAre 
without  Oppofition,  but  upon  the  17th  of  /iuzufi 
Cromwell  having  joined  Lambert^  and  refrefhed  his 
IVoops,  faced  them  near  Prejlon  with  Eight  or  Ten 
Thoufand  Men,  and  after  a  (liarp  Fight  with  the  Ca- 

I  i  4  z'alicrs. 


4S8  tTi-^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Kir^g    valiers,  under  Sir  Marmaduke  Longdate,  who  were  al- 
Charles  I-niofl   a  Day's  March   before  the  Duke^^  routed  the 
sjr>^^  whole  (Sto/j  Army,  and  took  Eight  or  NineThoufand 
Prifoners,    with   all    their  Artillery    and  Baggage  •, 
Hamilton  fled  with  Three  Thoufand  Horfe,  but  was 
fo  clofely  pyrfued  by  Lamhert,    that  he  furrender'd 
without   ftriking    another  Stroke,    and  all  his  Men 
were  difperfed  or  taken   Prifoners.     Crofn^juelly  after 
this,  purfued  his  Viftcry  v/ith  rapid  Swif:nefs,  march- 
ing diredly  to  Edinburgh,  which   opened  its  Gates, 
and  having  changed  the  Magiflracy,  and  fettled  (he 
Government  to  his  Mind,  he  left  Three  Regiments 
of  Horfe  ro  keep  the  Country  quier,  and  returned  in- 
to England  Otiolcr  ii.  laden  with  martial  Glory  and 
Renown, 
■jproree^-         Before  the  Army  left  London^  and  while  their  In- 
ir:gs  oj      fluenceover  the  Parliament  continued,  the  Commons 
P/jr/zrt-      having  taken  into  Confideration  the  Affair  of  fettling 
"'- '  ^      the  Government,  voted  unanimoufly,  that  the  Go- 
ij.'^io-A.    vernmenc  of  the  Kingdom  fhould  be  ilill  by  Kingy 
hords^  and  Commons^  and  that  the  Ground-work  for 
a  Settlement  ihould  be  the  Propofitions  at  Hampton 
Ccurt^  Vv'hich  fhews,  there  was  no  Defign  of  changing 
the  Government  into  a  Commonwealth,  as  yet  form- 
ed, at  leail:  nothing  appeared,   though  ih^  Agitators y 
who  were  the  chief  Managers  of  the  Army,  began 
■  to  mutter,  that  if  the  King  could  not  be  brought  to 
Rcafon  he  muft  be  fetafide,  and  the  Duke  oi  Glciice- 
jler,  or  one  of  his  younger  Children,  placed  on  the 
Throne. 
\i'h:::his        Thc  Army  had  no  fooner  left  the  Neighbourhood 
efitirehj      of  the  City,   but  the  Pre^yyterians  refumed  the  Ma- 
I>res&y.c-  pj^gement'of  all  publick  Affairs.     May  5.  the  Pariia- 
Pg  -^       fiient  refoived  to  maintain  the  Solemn  League  and  Cc- 
p.  C04'      vcnant,  and  to  unite  with  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland 
sc8,  ,v-^npon  the  Propofitions  o^  Hampton  Court,    The  Mdi- 
■ '-•         t^a  of  the  City  q\  London  was  reflorcd  to  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  Common  Council  ;  theEleven  impeach- 
ed Member?,'  and  the  Severi  Peers  were  difch?.rged  •, 

and. 


Chap.X.        cf  the  "PuRiTAU si  489 

and,  in  fhort,  all  that  had   been  done  againfi:  the     kw^^ 
Prefbyterian  Greatnels  by  the  Influence  of  the  Army  Charles  l; 
laft  Winter,  was  reverlcd  ;  fo  that,  as  from  Jugufi  6.  ^J^f^t. 
1647.  to  the  Beginning  of  May  1648.  the  ParJiamentRufl,.^^ 
may  be  fuppofed  to  be  under  fome  Reftraint  from  the  p.  mj. 
Army  ;  from  that  Time  to  the  End  of  the  Treaty  of 
the  JjJe  of  fVigbt^  it  was  at  full  liberty,  and  entirely 
under  Prefbyterian  Diredlion.     Petitions  came  now 
from  divers  Counties,  and  from  the  City  of  London  \t 
felf,    for  a  perfonal  Treaty  with  the  King;    upon 
which  the  Comjnom  fet  afide  their  Votes  of  Non-Ad- 
drefles,  and  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Lords  confented  to 
treat  wirh  the  King  without  his  figning  any  prelimi- 
nary  Propofitions,  hoping,  as  Matters  then  flood, 
his  Majefty  would   not  delay  a  Moment  to   grant 
their  Demands,  that  he  might  be  releafed  from  his 
Confinement,  and  placed  upon  his  Throne,    before 
the  Army  fhould  be  at  leifure  to  throw  any  Obftacies 
in  the  Way  ;  but  here  was  the  fatal  Overfight,  the 
King   and   his   Friends  would  not  comply,  nor  the 
Prefbyterians  relax,  till  both  were  driven  out  of  the 
Field,  and  the  Army  at  liberty  to  break  all  their 
Meafures. 

Let  the  Reader  now  paufea  little,  and  refle6l  with  ■'^''""^'"'•' 
Grief  upon  the  miferable  Diflradtions  of  this  unhappy  ^"^^^  ^°"' 
Kingdom  ;  here  were  Three  or  Four  powerful  Par--^^^'^y:^^j^ 
ties  with  feparate  Views,  and  all  at  a  Cnfis  ;  the 
King  was  zht  golden  Prize  contended  for,  who  was  a 
clofe  Prifoner  in  the  Jfle  o(  ^^igbt,  and  could  do  no- 
thing hFmfelf,  though  by  figning  the  Scots  Treacy  he 
was  reputed  the  Author  of  that  Invafion,  and  of  the 
fecond  Civil  War;  the  Cavaliers  vveie  in  Arms  to 
preferve  the  Episcopal  Church  of  England,  but 
having  concerted  no  Meafures  among  thcmfelves 
were  eafily  difperfed.  The  Scots  came  into  Eiig- 
Uiud  in  purfuance  of  the  Covenant,  and  the  Ic- 
cret  Treaty  of  the  Ip  of  Pt^igbi,  buc  two  Miflakes 
ruined  this  whole  Enterprize  ;  one  was,  their  rioc 
communicaung  the  Contents  of  that  Treaty  to  tl.e 


490  ^/j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Yh         Vol.  III. 

King    Engtijh  Prefl'jterians,  which   they  might  have  done 
Charles  I.  jjy  j-f^gjj.  Commififioners   before  they  marched  into 
^^^X^  England,  without  the  Knowledge  of  the  Army.     The 
other  was  D'jke  liamiltoti's  acting  in  Concert  with  the 
Englijh  Cavaliers^  allowing  them  to  march  in  the  Van 
of  his  Army,  which  gave  their  Enemies  in  the  Par- 
liament at  IVeJlfiiwjier  a  fair  Opportunity  of  engaging 
the  whole  military  Power  of  England  againft  them  j 
for  without  all  doubt,  if  the  Duke  had  prevailed,  not 
only  the  hdependani,  but  the  Pre/by terian  Caufe,  had 
been  betrayed  into  the  Hands  of  the  Cavaliers,  which 
muft,  in  the  End,  have  been  equally  fatal  to  both 
Parties,    and   loft  them  all  the  Advantages  of  the 
War.     This  fatal  Conjunction  broke  the  Strength  of 
the  Englijh  Prejbyterians^  and  played  the  Advantage 
into  the  Hands  of  a  Third  Party,  which  deflroyed 
the  other  two.     The  Army,  with  whom  were  the 
Independants,    Anahaptijls,    and  other  Sedaries,    was 
governed  by  the  Agitators,    who  had  given  up  the 
King,   and  had  an  incurable  Averfion  to  the  Cavaliers, 
and  all   that  adher'd  to  them,    as  their  moft  deter- 
mined Enemies ;    nor  could  they  confidq  in  the  Pref- 
l-jterians,   becaufe  in  all  their  Treaties  with  the  King 
ihey  were   made  a  Sacrifice,  and  given>  up  to  their 
Covenant  Uniformity.     Upon  the  Whole,  all    Parties 
were  reiblute  in  their  Demands,  but  dilynitcd  in  their 
Councils,  and  fatally  diftruftfui  of  each  other.  Among 
the  Prejhyterians^  fome  were  for  fighcing  only  wich 
the  Cavaliers,  and  others  for  oppofing  the  Scots  Inva- 
fion  alfo  *,  fome  of  the  Cavaliers  were  for  Reftoring 
the  King  by  their  own  Valour,   and  others  for  joining 
with  the  Scots  as  l^ools  to  play  ihe  Game  into  their 
own  Hands.  The  Ar?ny  was  no  lefs  perplexed  ;  thofe 
that  fcrvcd  under  General  Fairfax  were  unwilling  to 
march  againft  the  Scots  Prcf^jyterians  -,  but  thofe  under 
Crom'-joell  were  for  deftroying  every  Power  that  would 
not  fecure  them  th;it  Liberty  of  Confciencc  they  con- 
tended for  i  and  not  being  able  to  obtain  this  from 
i\\t  King,  nor  the  Scots  or  Er:gli/h  PrejhytO'ians,  they 

wc;e 


Chap. X.        o/" //><?  Pur  I  T  AN  s.  491 

were  driven   to   Defpair,    and  unhappily    run  upon     ^'"S 
thole  excravagant  Meafures  which  ended  in  theSub-^^^*"'"  ^* 
verfion  of  the  Conftitution,  and  Deftrudion  of  ihc^J-vt^^ 
King  the  following  Winter. 

Tantum  Relligio  potuit  fuadere  inalorum  ! 

In  the  mean  Time,  let  us  attend  the  Affairs  of  thc^orr/w/on 
Church:  The  AfTembly  of  Divines  having  finiflied'!'^'''^  ^Z- 
their  main  Bufinefs,    was  now  reduced    to   a  fmall^'^'^^"-' 
Number,  mod  of  the  Country  Minifters  went  home,.     ""' 
and  thofe  that  remained  about  Londo?t  were  employcdpencs  mc 
chiefly  in  the  Examination  of  fuch  Miniflers  as  pre- 
fented   themfclves  for  Ordination,  or  Induction  into 
Livings;    thus  they  continued  till    Feb.   22.    164!. 
about  Three  Weeks  after  the  King's  Death,  having 
fat  Five  Years,  Six  Months,  and  Twenty  two  Days, 
in  which  Time  they  had  one  Thoufand,  one  Hun- 
dred,   and  Sixty  three   Sefiions.     They  were  after- 
wards turned  into  a  Committee  for  the  Purpofes  lafb 
mentioned,    and   met   every   Thurfday   Morning    till 
March  25.   1652.  when   the  long  Parliament  being 
turned  out  of   the  Houfe  by  Oliver  Cromwell  they 
broke  up  without  any  formal  DifTolution. 

The  Works  of  the  AfTembly,  befides  fome  L.et- Their 
ters  to  foreign  Churches,  and  occafional  Admoni-^''"'"'^''^ 
lions,  were, 

1.  Their  humble  Advice  to  the  Parliament  for 
Ordination  of  Miniflers,  and  fettling  the  Prefbyce- 
rian  Government. 

2.  A  Diredory  for  publick  Worfhip. 
q.  A  ConfeiTiOn  of  Fai:h. 

4.  A  larger  and  fnorter  Catechifm. 

5.  A  Review  of  fome  of  the  Thirty  nine  Articles. 
But    he  Annotations  on  the  Bible,  v/hich  "o  under 

their  Name,  were  neither  undertaken,  nor  reviled  by 
them,  but  by  a  Committee  of  Parliament,  who  na- 
med  the    Qommentators ,    and    furnifhed  them    with 

Books  i 


492  T/je  HIST  OKY         Vol.  IJL 

Kirjg    Books ;  nor  were  they  all  Members  of  the  Affembly, 
iTI  ^^  appears  by  the  following  Lift. 
kJ'y^     Thofe  with  AJierifms  were  not  of  the  Affembly. 


The  Commen-^'\ 
taryontheFiye> 

BooksofikZb/^5,,3 
TheT  wo  Books 

of  Kings^ 
The  Two  Books 

of  Chromcles,      / 
Ezra, 
Nehemiab, 
EJiher, 
The  PfahnSy 
Proverbs, 
Ecclefiajies^ 

Solomon  Song, 

Jfaiab, 
'Jeremiah, 
Latnejitations, 
Ezekiel, 
Daniel,  and  thei 

fmaller      Pro- 

fhets, 
MattheWy 
Mark, 
Luke, 
John, 

St.  Paul's  Epi- 
'files. 


Xi 


'  Sxhe  Rev.  Mr.  Le^,  Sub- 
"j  ^tmoi  Chejler. 


^U 


/  Dr.  Gouge. 


r  Mr.  Meric  Caufahon, 
I  Mr.  Francis  Taylor. 
Dr.  Reynolds. 

M.v.Smalwood,rtcovc\mtnd' 
ed  by  ArchbifhopL^^^r. 


\i 


^Mr.  Gataker. 

^   Mr.  Pemhcrion    in     the 

Firft  Edition. 
*  Bp.  Richardfon  in  the  Se-^ 

cond. 


Mr.  Ley, 

Dr.  D.Fe alley,  but  his  Notes 
are  broken  and  imperfed, 
the  Author  dying  before 
hehadrevifed  them. 


There  were  Two  other  Perfons  concerned  in  this 

Work,  who  might  probably  have  the  other  Parts  of 

Scripture  allotted  them,    not  here  mentioned,    viz. 

Mr.  Dozvnham  and  Mr.  Reading. 

,  Wh^ii 


Ghap.  X.        of  the  Pv  KIT  A  li  s.  493 

"When  Poftericy  (hall  impartially  review  the  La-    King 
hours  of  this  AJfembly^  of  Divines^  and  confider  the^'"*''^*^  ^' 
Times  in  which  they  ilir,  they  will  have  a  juft  Vene- ^Jf^^ 
ration  for  their  Memory  -,    for   though  their  Senti- ^Vg//^' 
nients  in  Divinity  were  in  many  Inftances  too  narrow C/&<jr4i?«r, 
and  contracted,    yet  with  all  their  Faults,   amongft 
which  their  perfecuting  Zeal  for  Religion  was  noc 
the  leafl,  they  were  certainly  Men  of  real  Piety  and 
Virtue,  who  meant  well,  and  had  the  Intercft  of  Re- 
ligion at  Heart ;  moft  of  them  had  as  much  Learn- 
ing as  any  in  the  Times  in  which  they  lived  ;  the 
Names  of  Lightfoot,  Selden^    G  a  taker,  Greenhill^  Ar- 
rowjmith,  I'lviffe,    Bifhop  Re-jnolds,  Wallis,  &c.    will 
be  always  famous  in  the  learned  World  ;  and  had 
they  noc  grafped  at  coercive  Power,    or  Jurifdiftion 
over  the  Confciences  of  Men,  their  Memories  would 
have  been  unfpotted.     Mr.  Baxter,  who  knew  rnoftS*^^"'^ 
of  them,  fiys,  '*  They  were  Men  of  eminent  Learn- ^''^', 
*'  ing,    Godlinefs,    minifterial  Abilities,  and  Fideli-^* '^* 
"  ty  ;  and  being  not  worthy  to  be  one  of  them  my 
*«  felf  (fays  he)  I  may  more  fully  fpeak  the  Truth 
*'  which  I  know,    even  in  the  Face  of  Malice  and 
"  Envy,  that  as  far  as  I  am  able  to  judge  by  rhe  In- 
*'  formation  of  Hiftory,  and  by  any  other  Eviden- 
*'  ces,  the  Chriftian  World,   fince  the  Days  of  the 
*'   Aportles,   had  never  a  Synod  of  more  excellent 
"  Divines  than  this  Synod,  and  the  Synod  of  Dir/." 
They  were  in  high  Eftcem  in  the  learned  World  till 
they  run  into  Heats,  and  fplic  upon  the  fatal  Rock 
of  the  Divine  Right  of  the  Prefosterian  Govcrnineul; 
this   engaged   them   firft  with   the  Parliament,    and 
then  with  the  Imlependcinls  and  Erajllans  ;  their  oppo- 
fing  a  Toleration  raifed  them  a  great  many  Enemies, 
anti  divided  their  own  Body,  for  after  they  had  car- 
ried the  Quellion  of  DiviNji  Right  the  I/jdnrn-daJUs 
znd  Erajliafis  ckkntd  them,  after  which  ihcy  tound 
it   very  difHcult  to  <:;et  lb   many   together  as  would 
make  a  Moufe.     Had  the  Parliament  diflfolved  them 
at  [hi{  Time  they  had  gone  olF  with  Honour,  but 

they; 


494  T/^f  HISTORY  Vol.IIL 

King  they  funk  by  Degrees,  as  has  been  related  ;  the  Bu~ 
Charles  Ifmefs  of  the  Church  being  now  tranflated  to  the  Pro- 
J^^  vincial  AffembHes. 

Proceedings  ^^  have  already  remember'd  the  Two  former  of 
fifthe  id  thefe  AlTemblies,  the  Third  met  May  3.  this  Year, 
Provincial  and  chofe  the  Reverend  Mr.  Whitaker  Moderator. 
jjfemhly.  jj^  ^.j^^j^.  Pourth  Seffion  they  agreed  to  prefent  a  Se- 
^^'  cond  Petition  to  the  Parliament  in  the  Name  of  the 
Province,  humbly  to  defire,  i.  "  That  they  would 
"  renew  the  Confideration  of  their  former  Petition. 
*'  2.  That  they  would  eftablilh  the  TwoCatethifms 
"  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines,  and  appoint  them  to 
*'  be  publickly  taught  throughout  the  Kingdom. 
*'  3.  That  they  would  add  their  civil  San6lion  to  the 
"  new  Confeflion  of  Faith.  4.  That  the  Diredory 
'*  for  publick  Worfhip  may  be  better  obferv'd  •,  and 
*'  that  better  Care  may  be  taken  for  the  Obfervation 
"  of  the  Lord'sDay.'*  — In  their  Twelfth  Seffi- 
on, Oofober  6.  they  agreed  to  the  Report  of  their 
CormnUtee  concerning  the  Caufe  of  the  Decay  of  Rdiglon^ 
and  of  the  Increafe  of  Wickednefs,  which  they  fay 
was  chiefly  owing  to  the  Want  of  able  and  fetiled 
Minillers,  there  being  above  Forty  Parifli  Churches 
and  Cono;reo;ations  within  the  Province  that  had  no 
Minifters  fetcled  among  them  by  Allowance  of  Au- 
thority, a  Catalogue  of  which  Churches  was  fubjoir- 
ed.  The  Reafon  of  this  Defe<^  being  chiefly  want  of 
Maintenance,  they  pray  the  Houfes,  *'  to  agree  up- 
•*  on  fome  Method,  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
*'  Lands,  and  the  Impropriations  belonging  to  Bi- 
*'  (hops,  lying  within  [his  Province,  may  be  applied 
*'  for  the  Augmenration  of  the  Clergy's  Mainte- 
"  nance  •,  and  that  there  may  be  a  fixed  Main- 
*'  tenance  in  every  Parifh  recoverable  by  the  In- 
"  cumbent." 
Tie  ^th  The  Fourth  Provincial  AfTembly  met  Nov.  3.  the 
I'r^vhtctal  Reverend  Mr.  Edmund  Calamy  Moderator.  In  their 
jjfe»d'ly.  yi^jj.^  Sefiion,  Nov.  23.  they  order'd,  that  the  feve- 
ral  Minifters  of  the  Province  of  London  do  begin  the 

Work 


Chap.  X.        of  the  VvR  IT  Au  s.  49^ 

Work  of  Catechifing  ;  that  they  ufe-che  Aflembly's    K7ng 
Cucchil'm,    and  no  ocher -,    that  the  Perfons  to  be^*'^'"'^'*  f- 
catechifed  be  Children  and  Servants  not  admitted  to^^^J^ 
the  Lord's  Table  i  that  the  Time  be  in   the  Afcer- ^^^^ 
noon  before  Sermon  ;  and  that  they  exhort  their  Pa- 
rilbtoners  to  encourage  it.     In  their  Fourth  Sefllon, 
Nov.  30.  they  -r^folv'd,  that  the  Twelve  ClaiTcs  of 
the  Province  of  London  obferve  t4ieir  Courfe  for  Or- 
dination of  Miniffers  ;  and  that  at  the  Clofe  of  every 
publick  Ordination  Notice  be  given  which  ClaJ/is  is  to 
ordain  next.     But  the  Nation  being    in  Confufion, 
and  the  Clouds  gathering  thick  over  their   Heads', 
they  did  little  elle  this  Winter  but  keep  a  weekly 
Faft  among  themfelves,  to  avert  the  Judgments  of 
God,  which  threatened  the  L,ifeof  the  Xing,  and  the 
DifTolution  of  the  whjcjlfc  Government. 

The  County  of  hancajijire  being  formed  into  ano- P'V'oiTKial 
ther  Pr^fi)ien(m    Province  this  Year,    afTembled  at^-^^'"*'^  ^/ 
Prejlon  Feb.  7.    1648.  «and  publifiied  a  Kind  of  Pafto-^^^""' 
ral   Letter,    or   foJemn   Exhortation  to  the   feveral  y^)  p^^j,^ 
Churches  within  their  Province,  to  the  Pradlice  ofNo^.^^ 
thofe  Duties  that  were  requifite  to  the  fupporting 
and  carrying  on  the  Pv-e/hxlerian  Dijcipluie,  iubfcnbtd 
by  the  Reverend  v 

Mr.  James  Hsett,  Moderator, 
Mr.  Tho.  Johnj'on,  AHefTor, 
Mr.  Edw.  G<?«?,  Scribe. 

They  likewife  appointed  a  Committee  to  examine /^rfew<r»f 
the  Paper  called  The  Agreement  of  tfie  People// '^« 
[hereafter  to  be  mentioned]  and  tender'd  to  the  Co/i-^^"^^* 
jideration  of  the  Nation  by  the  Officers  of  the  Army.,  -ijuiih^''^^'^' 
a  Defire  that  the-y  zaoiiid  by  Subfcription  declare  their  Cori-  ^* ' '  ^ 
currence  to  it  ;  but   it  was  carried  in  the  Negative. 
The  Defign  of  this  Paper  was  to  change  the  Form 
of  Government  into  a  kind  of  Commonwealth,   w-ith- 
out  a  King  or  Moule  of  Lords.     It  was  publilhed  by 
way  of  Probation,  that  they  might  learn  the  Senfc 
of  the  Nation  ;   but  the  Article  relating  to  Religion 
I  bcii  g 


'496 


The  HISTORY 


Voi.im 


King  being  peculiar,-  and  giving  great  Offence  to  the  Pref- 
Charles  l-jpyt^fian  Clergy,  Ihali  be  tranfcrib'd  entire,  "  We 
^JLA^  "  do  not  impower  our  Reprefentatives  (fay  they)  to 
'"  "  continue  in  force,  or  make  any  Laws,  Oaths,  or 

Covenants,  whereby  to  compel  by  Penalties,  or 
otherwife,  any  Perfon  to  any  Thing,  in  or  about 
Matters  of  Faith,  Religion,  or  God's  Worfhip  ; 
or  reftrain  any  Perfon  from  profefling  his  Faith, 
or  exercife  of  his  Religion  according  to  his  Confci- 
ence,  in  any  Houfe  or  Place,  except  fuch  as  are, 
or  ftiall  be  fet  apart  for  the  publick  Worihip. 
Neverthelefs ,  the  Inftru61ion  or  Dire6lion  of 
the  Nation  in  a  publick  Way,  for  Matters  of 
Faith,  Worfliip  or  Difcipline,  fo  it  be  not  com- 
pulfive  or  exprefs  Popery,  is  referr'd  to  their  Di- 
fcretion.'*  The  Agreement  adds,  "  It  is  in- 
tended that  the  Chriftian  Religion  be  held  forth, 
and  recommended  as  the  publick  Profeffion  in  this 
Nation,  which  we  defire  may,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  be  reform'd  to  the  greateft  Purity  in  Do- 
ctrine, Worfhip,  and  Difcipline,  according  to  the 
Word  of  God.  The  inftrucling  the  People  there-* 
unto  in  a  publick  Way,  provided  it  be  not  com- 
pulfive;  as  alio  the  Maintaining  of  able  Teachers 
for  that  end,  and  for  the  Confutation  and  Difcove- 
ry  [of  Herefy,  Error,  and  whatfoever  is  contrary 
to  found  Do(5lrine,  is  allow'd  to  be  provided  by 
our  Reprefentatives ;  the  Maintenance  of  Teach- 
.ers  may  be  out  of  a  Trcafury,  and  we  defire  not 
by  Tithes."  But  befides  thefe,  *'  Jll  zubo  pro/efs 
Faith  in  God  hy  Jefus  Chrijl^  however  differing  in 
Judgment  from  the  DoJiiine,  Difcipline^  and  Worjhip 
puhlickly  held  for th^  /hall  be  protetled  in  the  Profeffion 
of  their  Faith ^  and  Exercife  of  their  Religion  according 
to  their  Confciefices,  fo  as  they  abufe  not  this  Liberty 
to  the  civil  Injury  of  others ^  or  the  Dijturbance  of  the 
publick  Peace."  I'hefe  were  generous  and  free  Sen- 
timents  j  but  the  Synod  forbid  their  People  to  fub- 
fcribe  ihem,  not  only  becaufe  the  Agreement  im- 
ported 


Chap.  X.        (?/'  /y6^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  497' 

ported  a  Change  in  the  Civil  Goveramcnt,  but  be-     Kitig 
caufe  of  the  Mifchiefs  that  would  attend  a  Tolera-^^^^^^^  ^' 
iion  ;    their  Rcafons  for  which  they  publiflicd  to  the,^^^ 
World  March  6,  1648.  fubfcribed  by  Fifty  nine  Mi-  ^^'^ 
nifters. 

The  Provincial  AfTemblies  of  Londojt  met  regular- '^'""'{rr. 
ly  every  half  Year,  to  the  Year  1655.  when  finding '^•^"''''*''' 
themfelves  without  Power,  and  not  being  willing  to     ' 
apply  to  the  Proteofor  and  his  Parliament  for  Support 
they  defifted  ;  but  there  were  none  legally  formed  in 
any  other  Counties  of  England.    However,  the  Coun- 
try Miniftcrs  enter*d  into  voluntary  AiTociations,  and 
eredled  a  Sort  of  ClafTes  for  Ordination  of  Miniflers, 
and  promoting  Friendfhip  and  Peace  among  them- 
felves, many  of  the  Independant  Minifters  joining  with 
them  :    The  Aflbciations  met  once  a  Month,  at  one 
or  other  Church  in  the  County,  and  after  Prayers  and 
a  Sermon  conferr*d  upon  the  Scate  of  Religion,  and 
gave  their  Advice  upon  fuch  Cafes  as  were  brought 
before  them  in  a  neighbourly  and  friendly  Manner. 

To  return  to  the  Parliament,  which  was  now  re-  Ordhana 
cruited  with  fuch  Prejhferian  Members  as  b^id  zb-^j^j."^ 
fconded,  or  deferted  their  Stations,  while  the  Army  ^^^'^^^^^ 
was  quartered  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  the  Cityjscobel's 
thefe  Gentlemen  finding  they  had  the  Superiority  in  collect, 
the  Houfe,    refumed  their  Courage,    and  took  the  cap.  114. 
Opportunity  of  difcovering  their  Principles  and  Spirit,  P-  '49* 
by  pafTing  fuch  a  Law  againfl  Hereticks  as  is  hardly 
to  be  paralleled  among  Proteftants.     It  had  been  laid 
afidc  by  the  Influence  of  the  Army  for  above  Nine 
Months,  but  iVfi^)/ 1,  it  was  voted,  that  all  Ordinances 
concerning  Church  Government  referr'd  to  Commit- 
tees, be  brought  in  and  debated  ;  and  that  theOrdinance 
againfl  Blafphcfny  and  Herefy  be  now  determined,  which 
was  done  accordingly.  This  was  one  of  the  mofl  fhock- 
ing  Laws  I  have  met  with,  and  fhevvs,  that  thegoverning 
Prejhperiam  in  thefe  Times  would  have  made  a  terrible 
Ufe  of  their  Powtr,  if  it  had  been  fupported  by  the 

Vol.  in.  '  K  k  Sword 


49B  TZ;^  H I S  T  O  R Y  Vol.  III. 

Kirjg  Sword  of  the  Civil  Magiftrate.  The  Ordinance  is 
Charles  l.jj^te^  May  2.  1648.  and  ordains,  "  That  all  Per- 
li,^l^»'  fons  v/ho  fliall  willingly  maintain,  publifh,  or  de- 
"  fend,  by  preaching  or  writing,  the  following  He- 
*'  refies  with  Obftinacy,  fhall,  upon  Complaint,  or 
*'  Proof,  by  the  Oaths  of  Two  WitnelTes,  before 
'*  Two  Jullices  of  the  Peace,  or  ConfefTion  of  the 
"  Party,  be  committed  to  Prifon,  without  Bail  or 
"  Mainprize,  till  the  next  Gaol  Delivery  ;  and  in 
"  cafe  the  Indidment  fhall  then  be  found,  and  the 
'*  Party  upon  his  Trial  Ihall  not  abjure  his  faid  Er- 
«»  ror,  and  his  Defence  and  Maintenance  of  the  fame, 
*'  he  ihall  fuffer  the  Pains  of  Death,  as  in  cafe  of  Fe- 
*'  lony,  without  Benefit  of  Clergy  ;  and  if  he  re- 
"  cant  or  abjure,  he  fhall  remain  in  Prifon  till  he 
*«  find  Sureties,  that  he  will  not  maintain  the  faid 
"  Herefies  or  Errors  any  more  j  but  if  he  relapfe, 
<'  and  is  convidled  a  fecond  Time,  he  fliall  fuffer 
"  Death  as  before..  The  Herefies  or  Errors  are  thefe 
"  following. 
J  I.  "  That  there  is  no  God. 

2.  "  That  God  is  not  Omniprefenr,  Omnifcient, 
*'  Almighty,  Eternal,  and  perfeAly  Holy. 

3.  "  That  the  Father  is  not  God,  that  the  Son  is 
"  not  God,  that  the  Holy  Ghofl  is  not  God,  or  that 
"  thefe  Three  are  not  One  eternal  God  ;  or,  that 
*«  Chrifc  is  not  God  equal  with  the  Father. 

4.  "  The  Denial  of  the  Manhood  of  Chrifl,  or 
«'  chat  the  Godhead  and  Manhood  are  diflind  Na- 
"  tures ;  or,  that  the  Humanity  of  Chrift  is  pure 
«'  and  unfpotted  of  all  Sin. 

5.  *'  The  Maintaining  that  Chrifl  did  not  die,  nor 
*'  rife  again,  norafcend  into  Heaven  bodily. 

6.  "  The  Denying  that  the  Death  of  Chrift  is 
"  Meritorious  on  the  Behalf  of  Believers  ;  or,  chat 
**  Jefus  Chrift  is  the  Son  of  God. 

7.  "  The  Denying  that  the  Holy  Scriptures  of 
"  the  Old  and  New  Teftament  are  the  Word  of 
•«  God. 

8.  "  The 


Chap.  X.        of  the  FumTAiis.  499 

8.  *'  The  Denying  of-  the   Refurre^lion   of  the    Khig 
"  Dead,  and  a  future  Judgment/'  Charkj  I. 

The  Ordinance  goes  on  to  mention  fome  other  ^^^^ 
Errors  of  lefs  Demerit,  and  fays,  *' That  whofoever 
"  fliall  maintain  or  defend  them,  fhall,  upon  Con- 
"  vidtion  by  the  Oaths  of  Two  Witnefles,  or  by  his 
"  own  Confefilon  before  Two  Juflices  of  Peace,  be  ' 
*'  ordered  to  renounce  his  faid  Error  or  Errors  in  the 
"  publick  Congregation  of  the  Parifh  from  whence 
*'  the  Complaint  comes,  or  where  the  Offence  was 
•*  committed,  and  in  cafe  of  Refufal  he  fliall  be  com- 
*'  mitted  to  Prifon  till  he  find  Sureties  that  he  fhall 
**  not  publifli  or  maintain  the  faid  Error  or  Errors 
'*  any  more.     The  Errors  are  thefe  following  : 

1.  «  That  all  Men  Ihall  be  faved. 

2.  **  That  Man  by  Nature  haih  Free-Will  to  turn 
*'  to  God. 

3.  "  That  God  may  be  worfhipped  in,  or  by  Pi- 
'*  (ftures  or  Images. 

4.  "  That  the  Soul  dies  with  the  Body,  or  after 
"  Death  goes  neither  to  Heaven,  or  Hell,  but  to 
*'  Purgatory. 

5.  "  That  the  Soul  of  Man  fleeps,  when  the  Bo- 
"  dy  is  dead. 

6.  "  That  the  Revelations,  or  Workings  of  the 
«'  Spirit,  are  a  Rule  of  Faith  or  Chriftian  Life, 
"  though  diverfe  from,  or  contrary  to  the  written 
«'  Word  of  God. 

7.  "  That  Man  is  bound  to  believe  no  more  than 
'•  by  his  Reafon  he  can  comprehend. 

8.  **  That  the  Moral  Law  contained  in  the  Ten 
*'  Commandments  is  no  Rule  of  the  Chriflian 
**  Life. 

9.  "  That  a  Believer  need  not  repent,  or  pray  for 
'*  pardon  of  S  n. 

10.  "  That  the  Two  Sacraments,  of  Baptifm  and 
*«  the  Lord's  Supper,  are  not  Ordinances  command- 
««  ed  by  the  Word  of  God. 

K  k  2  z I.  "That 


500  7/^^  H I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

Kino:         II.  <t  That  the  Baptifm  of  Infants  is  unlawful  and 

Charles  T.  ct  void  i  and  that  fuch  Perfons  ought  to  be  baptized 

1648.    ,,         •  °  ^ 

^y-^sr^  "  ngam. 

12.  *'  That  the  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day, 
"  as  enjoined  by  the  Ordinances  and  Laws  of  this 
"  Realm,  is  noc  according,  or  is  contrary  to  the 
*'   Word  of  God. 

13.  "  That  it  is  not  lawful  to  join  in  pub- 
"  lick,  or  family  Prayer,  or  to  teach  Children  to 
*'  pray. 

14.  "  That  the  Churches  of  Eiigland  are  no  true 
"  Churches,  nor  their  IVliniftcrs  and  Ordinances  true 
"  Minifters  and  Ordinances;  or,  that  the  Church 
**  Government  by  Prefbyters  is  Antichriftian  or  Un- 
"  lawful. 

15.  "  That  Magiftracy,  or  the  Power  of  the  Civil 
*'  Magiilrate,  by  Law  eftablifhed  in  England^  is 
*'  unlawful. 

16.  "That  all  Ufe  of  Arms,  though  for  the  pub- 
«'  lick  Defence  (and  be  the  Caufe  never  fo  jull)  is 
<«  unlawful." 

Remarks.      Thefe  Herefies  and  Errors  were  taken  from   the 
Speeches  or  Writings  of  the  Papijis,  Arininians^  An- 
tinomians^    Arians^     Baptijh,    and    fakers,    &c.    cf 
thofe  Times.     The  Ordinance  was  a  comprehenfive 
jEngine  of  Cruelty,  and  would  have  enclofed  great 
Numbers  of  good   Chriftians,    and   good  Subjeds. 
The  Prefbyterians  of  the  prefent  Age  are  not  only 
thankful  that  the  Confufion  of  the  Times  did  not  per- 
mit their  Predeceffors  to  put  this  Law  in  Execution, 
but  wiPn  alfo,  that  it  could  be  blotted   out  of  the 
Records  of  Time,  for  'tis  fo  very  unrighteous  that 
Ordinance  "°  Cenfure  too  fevere  can  be  pafTed  upon  it. 
jor  fettling     Juue  21.  the  Army  being  ilill  in  the  Field,  and  the 
the?id-    Parliament  at  liberty,  the  Ordinance  for  the  more 
byterian    cffeftual  Settling  the  Prejlperian  Government,  with- 
Dijcipine.  ^^^  Limitation  of  Time,  was  read  the  Second  Time 
cap*  iVs.  ^"^  committed,    and  on  the  29ch  of  Augujl  it  was 
p.  i'55.  '  perfeft- 


Chap.X.       o/* /^<?  Pu  R  r  T  ANs.  501 

perfe(5ted,  and  received  the  SaniSlion  of  both  Houfcs,    A'/w? 

under    the  Title  o[  A  Form  of  Church    G(;-L't'r/;wf»/ Charles  r. 

to  be  ufed  in  the  Churches  c/ England  and  Ireland.   It  is  J-,^^ 

a  Colle(5lion  ot  the  i'everal  Ordinances  for  eftablifli- 

ing  the  Branches  of  Prefbytcrial  Government  already 

mentioned,  and  ordains,  that  **  all  Pariflies  and  Places 

*'  whatfoever  within  England  and  f-Fales  fhall  be  under 

"  the  Government  of  Congregational,  Clafiical,  Pro- 

"  vincial,     and    National    AlTemblies,    except    the 

"  Houfes  or  Chapels  of  the  King  and  his  Children, 

"  and  of  the  Peers  of  the  Realm,  which  are  to  conti- 

*'  nue  free  for  the  Exercife  of  Divine  Duties,  accord- 

*'  ing  to  the  Direoiory^  and  not  otherwife  \  it  gives 

*'  Dire(flions  for  the  Choice  of  Ruling  Elders  in  eve- 

"  ry  Parifh,  and  for  proper  Pcrfons  to  be  Judges 

"  of  the  Qualifications  of  the  Perfons  chofen  ;  it  ap- 

**   points  CommiiTioners  to  divide 'the  v/hble  King- 

"  dom  into  diftinfl  Claflical  Frefbytetieii ;  ic  gives 

*'  Direction  about  the  Conftituting  of  Provincial  and 

*'  National  Synods,  with  the  Extent  of  their  feveral 

"  Powers  •,  it  determines  the  Method  of  Ordination 

*'  of  Miniflers,  of  difpenfing  Church  Cenfures,  and 

"  Sufpenfion  from  the  Sacrament  ;  and  laft  of  all, 

*'  it  gives  Dire6lion  for  Excommunication  and  Abfo- 

"  lution,'*  but  lays  no  Penalty  upon  RecufantSy  or 

fuch  as  do  not  come  to  the  Sacrament,  orfubmit  to 

their  Difcipline  •,  which  was  the  utmoft  Length  that 

Prejh-jter-j  obtained  in  this  Kingdom. 

The  Parliament  having  agreed  to  treat  with  ther«4/y  of 
King  without  any  preliminary  Condition?,  ftnt  ^''-e'.^.^lj^  "•' 
EarlofMzW^;^,  Sir  John  Hlpjl),  and   Mr.   BulH-y,     "^^^ 
to  acquaint  his  Majefty  with  their  Refolurions,  and  y^^j  ]^j* 
to  defire  him  to  appoint  what  Place  he  pleated  in  thcp,  1^-6. 
Ifu  oUFigbi  for  the  Treaty  •,  his  Majefty  leemed  pleafed 
with  I  he  Meilage,  and  fent  a  Letter  to  the  Two  Houfes 
Jug.  10.  defiring  them   to  recal  their  Votes,   which 
foroid  the  Accefs  of  his  Friends,  and  to  dire^l,   thac 
Men  of  neceflary  Ul'e  in  this  Affair  may  be  permits 
K  k  3  ted 


502  57j^  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

King  ted  to  aflifl:  him  ;  and  that  the  Scots  be  Parties  in  the 
Charles  I- Treaty.  His  Majefty  then  appointed  Newport  in  the 
,J^^  IJIe  Qf  fFigbl  for  the  Place  of  Conference  ;  to  all 
which  the  Lords  agreed  without  any  Reftridion  *,  but 
the  Commons  infiftcd,  that  no  Perlbn  lately  in  Arms 
againfl  the  Parliament  be  of  the  Number  ;  that  the 
Scots  be  not  included  ',  and,  that  if  his  Majefty  be  at 
liberty,  as  at  Hampton  Court,  he  pafs  his  Royal  Word 
not  to  go  out  of  the  Ifland  durii;g  the  Treaty,  nor 
Twenty  eight  Days  after,  without  confent  of  Par- 
liament. 

Upon  thefe  Conditions  his  Majefly  was  conduced 
to  Newport,  and  left  at  liberty  upon  his  Parole  of  Ho- 
nour. Several  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  Divines,  and 
Lawyers,  were  appointed  to  alTift  him  in  the  Treaty, 
who  were  to  ftand  behind  his  Majefty's  Chair  and 
hear  the  Debates,  but  not  to  fpeak,  except  when  the 
King  withdrew  into  another  Room  for  their  Advice  : 
The  Names  of  his  Divines  were,  Dr.  Juxon  Bifhop  of 
London,  Dr.  Duppa,  Bifhop  of  Sali/bury,  Dr.  Sheldon, 
Dr.  Hammond,  Dr.  Oldfworth,  Dr.  Sander/on,  Dr.  Tur- 
ner.  Dr.  Hayuuood  ;  and  towards  the  End  of  the  Trea- 
ty Dr.  UJJjer,  Archbifhop  of  Ar?nagb,  Dr.  Bramhall, 
.  Dr.  Prideaux,  Dr.  Warner,  Dr.  Feme,  and  Dr.  Mor- 
ley  ',  Dr.  Brownrlgge,  Biihop  of  Exeter,  was  alfo  fent 
for,  but  he  was  under  Reftraint. 

The  Parliament  appointed  Five  Noblemen,  Ten 
Commoners,  and  Four  Divines  to  alTifl  them  in  their 
Debates  about  Religion  {viz.)  Mr. Fines,  Mr'.Caryl^  Dr. 
Rapln,  SeamaK,  and  Mr.  MarJhalL  The  Treaty  was  to  continue 
p.  5:6.  Forty  Days,  and  to  proceed  upon  the  Propofitions  of 
Hampton  Court.  Sept.  12.  the  Parliament  kept  a  Day 
of  publick  Failing  and  Prayer,  for  a  BlefTing  ;  and 
fome  Days  after  the  King  and  his  Houfhold  did  the 
like,  when  after  the  publick  Service  the  following 
Prayer  was   read,    drawn  up  by  his  Majefty's  Di- 


rect lor. 


O 


Chap.  X.        of  t/je  Vv  RiT  AKs.  ^03 

Ko:g 

"  /^  MOST   merciful    Father,     Lord   God   of^^''^'"  '• 

"  K^  Peace  and  Truth,  we  a  People  forely  nffli- Ji^ 

*'  (fted  by  the  Scourge  of  an  unnatural  War,  do  ear-^^^^*"^ 

"  neftly  befeech  thee  to  command  a  ElefTing  from 

"  Heaven  upon  this   prefcnt  Treaty,    begging  for 

"  the  Eftablifhment  of  an  happy  Peace.     Soften  the 

"  mod  obdurate  Hearts  with  a  true  Chridian  Defire 

"  of  faving  thofe  Mens  Blood  for  whom  Chrifl:  hiin- 

*'  felf  hath  flied  his  *,  or,  if  the  Guilt  of  our  great 

*'  Sins  caufe  this  Treaty  to  break  off  in  vain.  Lord, 

'*  let  the  Truth  clearly  appear,  who  thofe  Men  are, 

*'  who,  under  pretence  of  the  publick  Good  do  pur- 

*'  fue  their  own  private  Ends ;  that  this  People  may 

*'  be  no  longer  fo  blindly  miferable,  as  not  to  fee  at 

"  leaft  in  this  their  Day,  the  Things  that  belong  to 

*'  their  Peace.     Grant  this,  gracious  God,    for  his 

<*  fake,  who  is  our  Peace  it  felf,  eveft  Jefus  Chrift 

'*  our  Lord.     Amen."* 

The  Treaty  began  on  Monda-j  Seplemher  18.  aboutP-«>7/<r- 
Nine  in  the  Morning,  at  the  Houfe  of  Sir  William^^^'*'^P'o^ 
Hodges.     The  firfl  Day  the  Commidloners  prefcnted^J^'^',.'"'!^^ 
the  King  with  a  Draught  of  Three  Bills ;  the  Firft  to^'lJ"^  ^ 
eftablilh  the  Prejbyterian  Government  for  ever  in  the 
Church    of  England  •,  the  Second    to  relinquifh  the 
Militia  to  the  Two  Houfes  for  Thirty  Years  •,  and 
the  Third,    to  recal  all   his  Majefty's  Declarations 
againft  the  Parliament.     To   the  laft  of    thefe  the 
King  readily  confented,  but  excepted  to  the  Pream- 
ble, in  which  were  thefe  Words,  That  the  Two  Houfes 
of  Parliament  had  been  necejfilated  to  enter  into  a  IVar  in 
their  ju(l  and  lawful  Defence.     Inftead  of  which,   thcRufbw. 
King  propofcd  an  Aft  of  Indemnity  ;  but  the  Com-P-  ^i^S- 
niiiTioners  infifting  peremptorily  upon  it,  as  that  with- 
out wliich  ihey  could  not  be  fafe,   his  Majcfty  with 
great  Reluctancy  confented,  having  firft  protefted  in 
writing,   that  no  Concejfion  of  his  Jhould  be  binding  if  the 
Treaty  broke  off  without  EffeU.     His  Majefty  yielded 
K  k  4  th 


504  r>6^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

King    the  Militia  to  the  Parliament  for  Twenty  Years;  and 
Charles  I.  ^j^g  Management  of  the  IriJJj  War.     He  confenred  to 
%J^p^  vacate  thofe  Titles  of  Honour  that  had  been  conferr'd 
fince  the  Carrying  away  the  Great  Seal,  and  to  con- 
jfirm  the  Parliament's  Great  Seal     He  agreed  to  the 
Payment  of  the  publick  Debts,  provided  they  were 
Hated  within  two  Years;  to  confirm  the  Charter  of 
the  City  of  London  ;    to  impower  the  Parliament  to 
confer  Offices,  and  conflitute  Magiftrates  for  Twenty 
Years;  and  to  take  away  the  Court  of  Wards  provi- 
ded he  might  have  fifty  Thoufand  Pounds  a  Year  in 
lieu  of  it.     His  Majcfty  confented  further,  that  thofe 
of  his   Party   which  they  called   Delinquents  fhould 
fubmit  to  a  Fine,  or  be  prohibited  the  Court,  if  the 
Parliament  fav/  fit ;  but  he  abhorred  the  Thoughts  of 
charging  them  with  Treafon  for  acting  by  his  Com- 
miflipn,  and, therefore  abfolutely  refufed  to  confent 
to  it. 
Ktvg's  With  regard  to  Religion   his  Majefly   agreed, 

concejjldm  OoJober  2.  that  "  the  AfiTembly  of  Divines  at  fFeJi- 
""f-'^/''-  ii  minjler  be  confirm'd  for  Three  Years;  that  the 
l;^2or?^       "  Dire^ory  and  Prefiyterian  Government  be  confirmed 
Ruflnv.     *'  ^oi"  ^he  fame  Time,  provided  that  neither  himfelf, 
n,  u5r.    "  nor  thofe  of  his  Judgment,  be  obliged  to  comply 
*'   with  it ;  that  a  Confultation  in  the  mean  Time  be 
"  had  with  the  Aflembly,  and  Twenty  Divines  of  his 
"  Majefty's  Nomination,    what  Form   of  Church 
"  Government  fliall  be  ellablifhed  afterwards,  with 
♦*  a  Claufe  for  the  Eafe  of  tender  Confciences.     His 
"  Majefty  confented  further,  that  legal  Eftates  for 
"  Lives,    or  for  a  Term  of  Years    not  exceeding 
"  Ninety  nine,  fhould  be  made  out  of  the  Bifiiops 
«^  Lands    and    Revenues,     for    the  Satisfaction   of 
"  them  that  have  purchafed  them,  provided  that  the 
*'  Inheritance  may  flill  remain^to  the  Church,  and 
5'  the  refl:  be  referved  for  their  Maintenance.     His 
?'  ?vlajefl:y  will   confent  further,  to   an  Aft  for  the 
5'  better  Obfervation  of  the  LorJ*;  Z)^}/ ;  forfuppref- 
«?  fing  Innovations  in  Churches  and  Chapels  ;  for  the 

^'  better 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Vvif.iT  A  fj  s'.  505 

*'  better  advancing  of  Preaching  God*s  holy  Word  ;     xhg 
**  and  againft  Pluralities  and  NonKcfidcncc.     To^*^^"'''-'^  ^^ 
**  an  Ad:  for  regulating  and  reforming  the  Univer- ijf  "1;^. 
**  fities,  and  the  Colleges  of //^<?/?w/>//?<?r,  JVincbcJler,^^^^ 
*'  and   Eaton  ;  for  the  better  Difcovery  of  Papifts, 
*'  and  for  the  Educating  their  Children  in  the  Prote- 
*'  ftant  Religion  -,  to  an  A6t  for  better  putting  the 
"  Laws  in  Execution  againft  Papifts,  and  to  prevent 
*'  the  hearing  and  faying  Mafs ;  but  as  to  the  Cove- 
"  nant^  his  Majefty  is  not  as  yet  fatisfied  to  fign  or 
*'  fwear  to  it,  or  confent  to  impofe  it  on  the  Confci- 
"  ences  of  others." 

Thefe  Conceffions  about  Church  Government  h^- Onferevce , 
ing  declared  not  fatisfacftory,  as  amounting  only  to^et<ween 
a  Sort  of  Interim,  his  Majefty  defired  to  confer  with'^^/^'"^ 
the  Parliament  Divines  for  the  Satisfaftion  of  his  Con-^^^^j^^J/ 
fcience,   having  been  bred  and  inftrudcd  (as  he  faid) 
in  the  Way  he  ftands  for,   by  his  Father,  the  wifcfl 
King  and  beft  in  the  World,  and  therefore  could  noc 
eafily  yield.     There  is  hardly  any  Thing  to  be  men 
with  in  this  Conference  but  what  has  been  already  ta- 
ken notice  of  in  his  Majefty *s  Debate  with  Mr.  Hen- 
derfon,  and  in  the  Anfwer  of  the  Smedymnuan  Di- 
vines to  Bifhop  Hall,  in  the  Second  Volume  of  this 
Hiftory  ;  and  therefore  it  will   be  the  lefs  necelTary 
to  enter  into  the  fame  Particulars  in  this  Place.     His 
Majefty  propofed  fome  Scruples  in  Law  about  the 
Obligation  of  his  Coronation  Oath,   which  the  Com- 
miftioners  undertook  to  anfwer  themfelves  ;    but  the 
Papers  relating  to  the  Unalterable  Injlitution  of  Epifco- 
pacj  were  referr*d  to  the  Divines  on  both  fides,  and 
were  as  follow  : 

27^*?  King's  Firjl  Paper. 

Kingifrjt 

Newport^  05f.  2.   1 648.  pwper  to 
Charles  Rex,  the  pari. 

"  I  Conceive  that  Epifcopal  Government  is  moft  con-^"^'^^,^'  ^ 
"  fonant  to   the  Word  of  God,    and  of  an   Apo-y^{  j^^ 

_''  ftolical  p.i^y* 


5o6  r^^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  III. 

Ki?jg  "  ftolical  Inftitution,  as  it  appears  by  the  Scripture 
Charles  l.tt  j-q  have  been  pradtifed  by  the  Apoftks  themfelves, 
yl^^^  *'  and  by  them  committed  and  derived  to  particular 
^"^^  "  Perfons  as  their  Subftitutes  or  Succeflbrs  therein, 
Afts  xiv.  "  (as  for  ordaining  Prefbyters  and  Deacons,  giving 
23.  "  Rules  concerning  Chriftian  Difcipline,  and  exerci- 

Aftsvi.  <?.;c  fing  Cenfures  over  Prefbyters  and  others)  and  has 
iCor.xvi.^t  ever  fince,  till  thefeJatl  Times,  been  exercifed  by 
I'cor.xiv."  Bifhops  in  all  the  Churches  of  Chrift  ;  and  there- 
i-Cor.v.s."  fore  I  cannot  in  Confcience  confent  to  abolifh  the 
3  John      a  faid  Governmenr. 

ix.  10.  a  Notwithftanding  this  my  Perfwafion  I  will  be  glad 
i^  im.v.  ^j  ^^  ^^  informed,  if  our  Saviour  and  his  Apoftlesdid, 
Titus  i.  5."  fo  leave  the  Church  at  liberty,  as  they  might  to- 
Rev.  ii.  3."  tally  alter  or  change  the  Church  Government  ac 
iTim.  V.  li  their  Pleafure,  which,  if  you  can  make  appear  to 
I?-'  •■•  *«  me,  then  I  will  confefs  that  one  of  my  s;reat  Scru- 
ic.  "  pies  is  clean  taken  away,  and  then  there  only  re- 

"  mains, 

"  That  being  by  my  Coronation  Oath  obliged  to 
*«  maintain  Epifcopal  Government,  as  I  found  it 
«'  fettled  to  my  Hands,  whether  I  may  confent  to  the 
"  Abolifliing  thereof  until  the  fame  fhall  be  eviden- 
*'  ced  to  me  to  be  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God." 

^hflraF'i  of    The  Parliament  Divines,  in  anfwer  to  the  firft  Part 
e  FarL    ^f  ^is  Majefty's  Paper  admit,  that  the  Apoftles  did 
,"Y'^^     exercife  the  extraordinary  Powers  hisMajefty  mentions  i 
5  0*146.  but  deny,  that  they  conferr*d  chem  upon  any  particular 
Perfons  as  their  Subftitutes  or  Succejfors,  and  infifl,  that 
in  Scripture  there  are  only  Two  Orders  of  Officers 
{viz.)  Bi/bpps  2indDenco/js,  Phil.i.  i.To  the  Saints  at  Phi- 
lippi  ihat  are  in  Cbrijl  "jefus,  with  the  Bi/hops  and  Dea- 
cons j  and  that  the  Name,  Office,  and  IVork  of  a  Bijhop 
and  a  Prepyter  is  the  fame  ;  as  in  Tilus  i.  5,  and  7, 
For  this  Caufe  left  I  thee  in  Crete  —  that  thou  Jhoiddjl  or- 
dain Prejhyters  in  every  City  \for  a  BiJJjop  tnujl  be  blame- 
lefs.     Aifls  XX.  27,  28.  P^«/ called  the  Prejhyters  to- 
gether, and  charged  them  to  take  heed  to  the  Flock  over 
?■  which 


Cliap.  X.  "      of  the  F  u  RiT  A^  5.  507 

which  the  Hoi)  Gbojl  had  made  them  Bishops*.     1  Per.     King^ 
V.  I,  2.  ^he  Presbyters  amoJig  "jou  I  exhort^  who  alfo^^^^^^^^  ^' 
<7;;i  (^  Presbyter,  feed  the  Flock  of  God  among  you^  per-  s^^^Jl^ 
for  mi  fig  the  OJfice  of  Bishops  f.     As  the  ApoftJes  were*'ET/o-;co- 
extraordinary   Officers,    fo   were  timothy  and  Titus -rovi. 
(viz.)  Evangelifts,  but  neither  of  them  are  called  Bi- 1  'f^^/o'Kor 
/hops  in  Scripture,  much  lefs  were  they  fixed  to  Ephe-'^'^*'^'^' 
fus  or  Crete,    but  traveled  up  and   down    to  fettle 
Churches  in  feveral  Countries.     They  obferve  fur- 
ther, that  in  the  fame  Order  of  Officers  there  was  noc 
any  one  fuperior  to  another  ;  no  Apoflle  above  an 
Apoftle,  no  Prefbyter  above  a  Prefbyter,  nor  one 
Deacon  above  another.     They  add,  that  the  Angels 
of  the  Churches  in  the  Revelations  are  never  called 
BifJjops,  nor  is  the  Word  ufed  in  any  of  St.  John''s 
Writings,  who  calls  himfelf  a  Prefayter  ;  from  whence 
they  argue  the  7J^«///y  of  thefe  Offices  in  Scripture, 
and    the  Equality    of   the  Officers.     They   admit, 
that  not  long  after  the  Apoflles  Times  Bifhops  are 
reported  to  have  fome  Superiority  above  Prefbyters, 
but  this  was  not  a  Divine,  but  an  Eccleftajiical  Infti- 
tution,  as  is  evident  from  the  Teftimony  of  the  moft 
ancient  Fathers,    and  the  mod  confiderable  Writers 
in  the  Romifj  Church  ;  to  which  they  add  the  Suffrage 
of  the  firft  Reformers  in   King  Henry  the  Eighth's 
Reign.     The  Erudition  of  a  Chrijlian  Man,    printed 
1643.    fays   exprefly.  That   the  Scripture  mention;; 
but  two  Orders,  i.  e.  Bijhops  or  Brief s,  and  Deacons,. 
They    conclude    with    oblerving,    that  the   modern 
Epilcopacy  is  very  different  from  that  which  began 
to   obtain   in    the   Second  and   Third  Ages  of  the 
Church,  infomuch  that  the  prefent  Hierarchy,  which 
is  but  an  human  Infitution,  might  be  abolifhed,  and 
the  other  remain. 

After  Three  Days  his  Majefty,  with  the  A ffi fiance Oaob.  C>, 
of  his  learned  Divines,    replied  to  the  foreg^oing  Pa--'^''''?'^/'' 
per,  and  acknowledges,  "  that  the  Words  j5//Z'5' arid'/J^f-^^^l; 
*'  Pr^y^v/iT  are  fomecimes  confounded  in  Scripture  jp^ 60. 

.     *  "  be 


5o8  r^^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  Ill; 

King    "  he  admits,  that  i^reihyitrs  ztg  Epifcopi  Gregis,  Bi- 

Charies  l.tt  fhops  ot  the  Flock  i  but  that  Bijhops  are  Epfcopi 

\J^r^  "  ^^^g^^  ^  Pajlorum  within  their  feveral  Precinfts, 

v^vs^  ^^  ^.^  ^^  Bilhops  of  the  Flock  and  of  the  Paftors  too  * 

"  and  that  foon  after,  common  Ufage  appropriated 

»'  Bi/hop    to    the  Ecclefiaftical   Governor,    leaving 

"  Prejb'^ter  to  fignify  the  ordinary  Minifter  or  Priejty 

"  as  appears  from  the  ancient  Fathers  and  Councils. 

*«  He  admits  the  Calling  of  the  Apoflles  and  their 

"  Gifts  to   be  extraordinary,    but  adds,  that  their 

*'  MiiTion  to  govern  and  teach  was  ordinary  and  per- 

**  petual  •,  that  the  Bifhops  lucceeded  them  in  the 

*«  former,  and  Prefbyters  in  the  latter  Funcflion. 

"  His  Majefty  ftill  infills,  that  Timothy  and  Tilm 
"  were  Bijhops,  as  appears  from  Antiquity,  and  by 
*'  a  Catalogue  of  Twenty  feven  Bifhops  cf  Ephefus 
*'  lineally  defcending  from  Timothy,  as  is  avouched 
"  by  Dr.  Reynolds  ag?i\n{i  Hart,  and  therefore  the  Di- 
*'  {lind:ion  between  an  Evangelifi  and  a  Bijhop  is  with- 
"  out  Foundation,  the  Work  of  an  Evangelifi  being 
*'  no  more  than  Diligence  in  Preaching  the  fVord,  not- 
**  withjlanding  all  Impediments,  according  ro  the  Apo- 
"  file,  2  Tim.  ii.  4,  5.  His  Majefty  obferves,  that  the 
*'  Parliament  Divines  had  faid  nothing  to  prove,  that 
"  the  Angels  of  the  Churches  were  not  per/on^  fmgula-. 
"  res,  and  fuch  as  had  a  Prelacy  over  Paflors,  /.  e.  Bi- 
"  /hops,  but  that  they  dealt  only  in  generals,  and  feem-.' 
*'  ed  unwilling  to  fpeak  their  Opinions  about  them. 

His  Majefty  affirms,  "  that  Bijhops  are  the  Succef- 
'*  fors  of  the  Apoftles  in  all  Things  not  ex'.raordina- 
*'  ry,  fuch  as  Teaching  and  Governing  ;  and  the  Reafons 
f  "  why  they  are  not  mentioned  as  a  dijtin^ Order  in  the 
"  New  Tejtament,  are,  i.  Becaufc  the  Apoftles  refcrv*d 
*'  to  themfelves  the  Government  of  thofe  Churches 
*'  where  they  appointed  Prefbyters,  and  fo  *tis  pro- 
*'  bable  the  Philip pians  had  no  Bifliop  when  Paul  writ 
*'  to  theft.  2.  Becaufe  in  the  Epiftles  oiTimothy  and 
"  Titus,  the  Perlbns  to  whom  he  writ  being  them- 
**  felves  Bifliops,  there  was  no  need  rewrite  about  the 

1'  Qua- 


Chap.  X.        of  the  VvRiTAN  s.  ^09 

**  Qualifications  of  any  other  Officers  than  thofe  they     King 
"  wanted,  which  were  Prcfbyters  and  Deacons  only. Charles  T, 

His  Majefty  admits  concerning  the  Ages  after  the  iJj|j^ 
Apoflles,  "  That  they  are  but  a  human  Teftimony,*''^*^ 
*'  and  yet  may  be  infallible  in  Matter  of  Fad,  as  we 
"  infallibly  know  that  Arijlotle  was  a  Greek  Philofo- 
"  pher,  ^c.  he  avers  the  Genuinenefs  of  thofe  Epiftles 
«'  o^ Ignatius^  which  give  Tefliniony  to  the  Superi- 
«*  ority  of  a  Bifhop  above  a  Prefbyter;  and  though 
"  his  Majefl:y*s  Royal  Progenitors  had  enlarged  the 
*«  Power  and  Privileges  of  Bifhops,  he  conceives  the 
««  Government  to  be  fubflantially  the  fame." 

Eleven  Days  after  the  Parliament's  Divines  replied  0(^ob.  17. 
to  the  King's  fecond  Paper,  in  which  they  fay,  that^'*'"^-^'* 
they  can  find  no  fuch  Partition  of  the  Apoftolical  Of- ^^  ^*' 
fice  in  Scripture,  as  his  Majefty  mentions,  {viz.)  thaiReixarol. 
the  Governing  part  fhould  be  committed  to  Bifhops,  the^.  177. 
Teaching  and  AdiniJiiflring  the  Sacraments  to  Prefbyters  ; 
but  that  the  whole  Work,  per  omnia^  belongs  to  Pref- 
byters, as  appears  from  the  Two  Words  ufed  in  the 
A£ls  of  the  Jpojlles  and  St.  Peter's  Epiftle,  no//y.a.'!'e^^j', 
and  'ET/(r/.3Trt?i',  under  the  Force  of  which  Words  the 
Bifhops  claim  their  v/hole  Right  of  Government  and 
Jurifdiftion  ;  and  when  the  Apoftle  Paul  was  taking 
leave  of  the  Ephefian  Prefbyters  and  BiHiops,  he  com- 
mits the  Government  of  the  Church,  not  to  Timothy^ 
who  was  then  at  his  Elbow,  but  to  the  Prejh)ters, 
under  the  Name  of  Bifhops,  made  by  the  Holy 
Ghoft:  From  whence  they  conclude;  that  Bifhops 
and  Prefbyters  muft  be  only  Two  Names  of  the  fame 
Order.  They  obferve,  that  the  Obfcuriry  of  Church 
Hiftory  in  the  Times  fucceeding  the  Apoftles  made 
the  Catalogue  Makers  take  up  their  SuccefTion  upon 
Report  -,  and  *tis  a  Blem'ifh  to  their  Evidence,  that 
the  nearer  they  come  to  the  Days  of  the  Apoftles, 
ihey  are  the  more  doubtful  and  con  trad idlorj^  Thefe 
Divines  are  therefore  of  Opinion,  that  human  Tefti- 
mony  on  both  Sides  ought  to  be  difcharged,  and  the 
Point  in  Dt^bate  be  determined   only  by  Scripture. 

And 


5IO  TZ;^  HISTORY         VolIII. 

KJng    And  here  they  ta^ce  hold  of  his  Majefty's  Conceflion, 
Charles  I.  that  in  Scripture  the  Names  of  Bifhops  and  Pref- 
;^_^?^^  byters  are  not  diftinguifhed  ;  and  that  there  is  no 
mention  but  of  Two  Orders,  Bifhops  and  Deacons. 
They  defire  his  Majefty  to  fhow  them,  where  the 
Scripture  has  afligned  any  particular  Work  or  Duty 
to  a  Bijhop  that  is  not  common  to  a  Prejh'jter,  for  they 
apprehend  his  Majefty's  afferting  that  a  Biihop  is  an 
Ecclefiaftical  Governor,  and  a  Prefbyteran  ordinary 
Minifter,  is  without  any  Demonflration  or  Evidence  ; 
a  few  clear  Paffages  of  Scripture  for  the  Proof  of  this 
(fay  they)  would  bring  the  Point  to  an  IfTue.     They 
deny  his  Majefty's  Diftindlion  of  Epifcopi  Gregh  (£ 
Paflorum,  Bijhop  of  Sheep  and  Shepherds ^  as  being  the 
Point  in  Queftion,  and  affirmed  without  any  Evi- 
dence—  That  the  Office  of  Teaching  and  Governing 
was  ordinary  in  the  Apoftles,  becaufe  continued  in 
the  Church  (we  crave  leave  to  fay)  is  that  great  Mi- 
Itake  which  runs  through  the  v/hole  File  of  your  Ma- 
jefty's Difcourfe  ;  for  though  there  is  a  Succeffion  in 
the  Work  of  teaching  and  governing,  there  is  no  Suc- 
ceffion in  the  Commijfwn  or  Ojjice^  by  which  the  Apo- 
ftles performed  them ;  a  Succeffion  may  be  to  the  fame 
"Work,  but  not  to  the  fame  Commiffion  -,  and  fince 
your  Majefty  can't  produce  any  Record  from  Scripture 
warranting  the  Divifion  of  the  Office  of  Teaching  and  Go- 
«L'(?r«z>?^  into  Two  Hands,  we  muft  look  upon  it  but  as  an 
Invention  of  Men  to  get  the  Power  into  their  Hands. 
Thefe  Divines  go  on  with  a  long  Proof  that  Tijno- 
thy  and  Tiius  were  Evangelifts ;  that  is,  not  fixed  to 
one  Place,  but  travelling  with  the  Apoftles  from  one 
Country  to  another  to  plant  Churches,  and  accord- 
ingly have  drawn  out  an  Account  of  their  Travels 
from  the  J^s  of  the  Apojiks^  and  St.  Paulas  Epijlles. 
They  obferve  the  Weaknefs  of  his  Majefty's  Reaibns, 
why  Bimops  are  not  mentioned  as  a  diftin^  Order  in 
Scripture,  and  add  a  Third  of  their  own  {•viz.')  Be- 
caufe really  ihe^j  were  not.     As  for  the  Apoftles  re- 
ferving  in  their  own  Hands  the  Power  cf  governing^ 

thc-y 


Chap.  X.        of  the  VvniT  AN  b:  5  i  I 

they  admit,  that   they  could  no  more  part  with  it    Kirg 
than  with  their  Apoftlclhip.     Had  they  fet  up  Bi-C^'"'^^^  ^• 
fliops  in  all  Churches  they  had  no  more  parted  with  tjfj^ 
their  Power  of  governing^  than  in  fetting  up  Prefby-^^^' 
ters ;   Prelbyters  being  called  Rulers,  Governors,  and 
^Bijhops  -,  nor  could  the  Apoftles  reafonably  be  fuppo- 
fed  to  commit  the  Government  of  the  Church  of  Ephe- 
fus  to  the  Prefbyters,    when  he  was   taking  his  laft 
Farewel  of  them,  and  yet  referve  the  Power  of  go- 
verning (in  ordinary)  to  himfelf.  His  Majcll:y*s  other 
Reafon  (they  fay)  is  inconclufive,  and  in  a  Sort  begging 
the  Queftion.  They  add,  that  it  is  very  unaccountable, 
that  if  there  had  been  two  Sorts  of  Bifhops,  one  over 
Prejbyters,  and  the  other  over  the  Flock,  that  there 
fhould  be  no  mention,  no  mark  of  Difference,  no  di- 
ftinfl  Method  of  Ordination,  by  which  they  might  be 
diftinguilhed,  throughout  the  whole  New  Tejlament. 

As  to  the  Ages  after  the  Apoflles,  they  admit 
there  were  Prepyter  Bijhops,  but  not  of  Divine  Infti- 
tution  ;  that  the  Catalogues  of  Succeflion  are  un- 
doubtedly defective,  but  if  they  were  not,  it  remains 
flill  to  be  proved,  that  the  Bi_fhops  in  the  Catalogue 
were  vefted  with  the  Jurifdi£iion  which  the  modern 
Bifhops  claim. 

Thefe  Divines  profefs  to  honour  the  pious  Inten- 
tions of  his  Majefty's  Anceflors,  and  admit,  that 
ornamental  AccefTions  to  the  Perfon  make  no  fub- 
ftantial  Change  in  the  Office,  but  that  the  primitive 
Epifcopacy,  and  the  prefent  Hierarchy,  are  efTentially 
different.  They  acknowledge  a  Subordination  of  the 
Exercife  of  Jurifdidion  to  the  Civil  Power,  and  the 
Laws  of  the  Land  -,  and  conclude  with  Thanks  to  his 
Majefty's  Condefcenfion,  in  allowing  them  to  exa- 
mine his  learned  Reply,  clothed  in  luch  Excellency 
of  Stile,  and  pray,  that  a  Pen  in  the  Hand  of  fuch 
Abiliiies  may  ever  be  employed  in  a  Subjedi  worthy 
of  ir. 

Some 


512  T/je  HISTORY         VblJIL 

Kiftg        Some  Days  after  his  Majefty  offer'd  his  laft  Paper, 
Charles  I- wherein  "he  acknowledges  the  great  Pains  of  thefe 
,JL^;^  *'  Divines  to  inform  his  Judgment,  and  takes  parti- 
Nov.  I.    "  cular  Notice  of  the  Decency  of  their  Manner,  and 
1648.       "  of  their  refpecftful  Addrefs  to  him  upon  thisOcca- 
KiTigj  laft  «  jiQn^  b,)t-  fays  they  miftook  him,  when  they  fpoke 
lT''-t    "  of  a  Writ  of  Partition  of  the  Epifcopal  Office  ; 
•P'^  "^'^t  whereas  his  Meaning  was,  that  the  Office  of  T'^^f;^- 
*'  ing  was  common  borh  to  the  Bifhop  and  Prejfby  ter, 
'*  but  that  Government  was  peculiar  to  the  Bifhop." 
His  Majefty  declines  anfwering  to  all  the  Particulars, 
becaufe  he  would  not  draw  out  the  Difpute  into  a 
greater   length,    but    feems   not    conviqced  by  any 
Thing  that  had  been  offer'd  j  he  affirms,  that  Timo- 
iby  and  Titus  were  Epifcopi  Pafiorum,    Bifhops  over 
Frefbyters ;   and  that  'Timothy  had  a  diftindl  Work 
from  Prefbyters,  that  is,  that  he  might  know  how  to 
behave  him/elf  in  the  Exercife  of  his  Epifcopal  Office.     His 
Majefty  relies  on  the  numerous  Teftimonies  of  ancient 
and  modern  Writers  for  the  Scripture  Original  of  Bi- 
Ihops,  and  adds,  that  the  Teftimonies  of  an  equal 
Number  of  equal  Credit  to  the  contrary  will  fignify 
nothing,    becaufe   one  Witnefs  for    the  ^iffinnative 
ought  to  be  of  more  Value  than  Ten  for  the  Negative 
—  In  conclufion  his  Majefty  put  them  upon  eviden- 
cing one  of  thefe  Three  Things,  (i.)  Either,  that 
there  is  no  Form  of  Church  Government  prefcribed 
in  Scripture.     Or,  (2.)  If  there   be,  that  the  Civil 
Power  may  change  it  as  they  fee  caufe.     Or,  (3.)  If 
it  be  unchangeable,   that  ii  was  not  Epifcopal,    but 
feme  other  that  they  will  name,  for  till  this  is  done  he 
fhall  think  himlelf  excufablc  for  not  confenting  to  the 
Aboliihing  that  Government  which  he  found  fettled  at 
bis  Coronation  -,  which  is  fo  ancient ;  has  been  fo  uni- 
verfally  received  in  the  Chriftian  World  •,  has  been  con- 
firmed by  fo  many  Afts  of  Parliament,   and  fubfcri- 
bed  by  all  the  Clergy  of  the  Church  of  England.     But 
the  Minifters  declined  cnrring  into  fo  large  a  Field, 

which 


Chap.  X.        p/'/i'^  Pur  IT  AN  s.  513 

which  muft  have  brought  on  a  Debate  upon  the  whole    K>»g 

EccJefiaftical  Policy  of  the  Church.  Chajles  L 

^  1648. 

Thefe  were  all  the  Papers  that  pafled  on  both  Sides,  Remarks. ' 
and  deferve  the  Notice  of  thofe  who  would  enter  deep 
into  thisControverfy.  His  Majefty  faying,  that  one 
Witnefs  for  the  AlRrmative,  that  Epifcopacy  is  of  Di^ 
'vine  Injiitution,  ought  to  be  of  more  Value  than  Ten 
for  the  Negative,  is  (I  apprehend)  one  of  the  weak- 
eft  and  mott  frivolous  Arguments  of  his  Letter  ;  for 
'cis  but  changing  the  Form  of  the  Queftion,  and 
making  the  Prefbyterian  fay,  that  Prefhytery  is  of 
Divine  Injtitutio??,  and  then  afking  his  Majefty,  or 
any  Epifcopal  Divine,  whether  one  Affirmative  Te- 
ftimony  ought  to  be  of  more  Value  than  ten  Nega- 
tive ones  of  equal  Merit.  His  Majefty's  Stile  is 
ftrong  and  mafculine,  and  the  Parliament  Divines  de- 
cent and  refpedful.  Sir  Phil.  Warwick  read  the 
King's  Papers  before  the  CommifTioners,  and  Mr. 
Vines  ihofe  of  the  Minifters :  All  was  manag'd  with 
the  grcateft  Propriety,  which  makes  it  hard  to  ac- 
count for  Lord  Clarendon's  Account  of  the  Behaviour 
of  thefe  Divines,  who  fays,  "  they  all  behaved  withp.  ii5. 
«'  that  Rudenefs,  as  if  they  meant  to  be  no  longer 
"  fubjedl  to  a  King  any  more  than  to  a  Bifhop; 
*'  that  they  inveigh'd  bitterly  againft  the  Pride  and 
"  Luftre  of  Lord  Bifliops ;  that  Two  of  them  very 
"  plainly  and  fiercely  told  the  King,  that  if  he  did 
"  not  confent  to  the  utter  Abolidiing  of  Bilhops  he 
*'  would  be  damned  ;  the  Men  were  Spurftow  and 
"  Jenkins,  who  after  the  Return  of  King  Charles  11. 
*•  according  ro  the  Modefty  of  that  Race  of  People, 
*'  came  to  kifs  his  Majefty's  Hand.'*  And  yet  nei- 
ther of  the  Divines  above-mentioned  were  nominated 
to  afTift  at  the  Treaty,  nor  had  any  Share  in  the  De- 
bates. Mr.  Baxter  fays.  All  the  Parliament  Divines 
came  off  zvith  great  Honour.  But  fuch  is  his  Lordfhip's 
Candor  towards  any  Thing  that  looks  like  a  Prefby- 
terian ! 

Vol.  in.  L  1  The 


514  TZ^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King        The  King's  fecond  Difficulty,  relating  to  his  Coro- 
^^^^^^'^[^'?2ation  Oath,  by  Vv'hich  he  apprehended  himfelf  bound 
^.J-A^  to  maintain  Epifcopal  Government  as  he  found   it 
cfthe  Co-  fettled  when  he  received  the  Crown,    the  Commif- 
romticn     fioners  did    not  think    fo   proper  for  the  Determi- 
Oath.       nation  of  Dii'i^ifJ,  becaufe  it  depended  upon  the  Law 
of  the  Land,  and  therefore  took  this  part  of  the  De- 
bate upon   themfelves.     The  King  conceived.  That 
the  Conjent  of  the  Clergj  themfelves  in  Convocation  ajfem- 
hled,  was  necejfar'j  before  they  could  he  deprived  of  tbofe 
PoffeJJions  and  Privileges  of  which  they  were  legally  pojfef- 
fed.     But    the  Commiflioners  maintained,    that  the 
Legiflature  alone  was  to  determine  in  this  Cafe,  as  it 
did  at  the  Reformation  ;  that  it  was  not  to  be  fuppo- 
fed,    that  any  Body  of  Men  would  confent  to  part 
with  their  Poffeffions  if  they  could  keep  them  •,  but 
if  the  Legiflature  judged  any  Part  of  the  King's  Coronation 
Oath  hurtful  to  the  Publick  it  was  certainly  in  their  Power ^ 
with  the  Confent  of  the  King,  to  alter  or  annul  it. — One 
may  juftly  wonder,  that  this  Branch  of  the  Corona- 
tion Oath  ihould  ftick  fo  much  with  the  King,  when 
it  was  notorious  that  his  Government  for  almofl:  Fif- 
teen  Years,    was  one    continued    Breach  of  Magna 
Charta,  and  an  Invafion  upon  the  Civil  Liberties  of 
hisSubjeds,  without  their  Confent  in  Parliament,  or 
any  other  way. 
Tie  King's     But  neither  Party  would  acceed  to  the  other,  tho' 
final  Con-  [hg  Article  of  Religion  was  almoft  the  only  Point 
cej[ioni.      j_j^^j.  hincler'd  the  Conclufion  of  the  Treaty  :  His  Ma- 
jefty  wondered  at  the  Shynefs  and  Unwillingnefs  of  the 
Parliament  Divines  to  debate  his  Three  Queftions, 
Riifiuv.     and  told  them  plainly,  that  their  Endeavours  to  give 
P-  'ipi-    him  Satisfa6lion  in  them,  would  have  added  to  the  Re- 
putation of  their  Ingenuity  in  the  whole  Undertaking, 
it  not  being  probable  that  they  Ihould  work  much  upon 
his  Judgment  while  they  were  fearful  to  declare  their 
own\  or  polTible  to  relieve  his  Confcience,  but  by  a 
free  declaring  oftheirs.     But  what  was  all  this  to  the 
Point?  The  only  Qijeftion  before  them  was,  fVhe- 
2  ther 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Puritans.  515 

ther  Dioccfan  Epifcopacy  was  of  Divine  InflitiiUon?  If  ^^"'.? 
they  had  latisfied  his  Majelly  in  that  they  had  done ^''^'^'^'g^^* 
their  Duty  ;  to  launch  out  farther  was  to  lofe  Time*,^^^^ 
and  protrad:  the  Treaty  beyond  its  Limits.     If  Diocc  Rufhw. 
Jan  Epifcopacy  was  not  fcriplural  it  might  be  abolillied,?.  ijO'^* 
which  was  all  the  Parliament  contended  for  a:  pre-^5°'i 
fent.     But   the    King's    Divines   made    him  dilpuce 
every  Inch  of  Ground,  and  inftead  of  yielding  any 
one  Point  to  the.  Minifters,  ftarted  new  DifHculties, 
which  was  his  Ruin.     However,  towards  the  Clofe 
of  the  Treaty,  when  the  conquering  Army  was  re- 
-^urning  towards   Londo}}^    and  Things   were    almofc 
come  to  an  Extremity,  his  Majefty  told  the  Commif- 
fioners^    "  that  though   he  could  not  with  a  good 
*'  Confcience  confent  to  the  Abolifhing  ofEpifcopa- 
*'  cy,  becaufe  he  believed  the  Subftance  of  it  to  be 
•'  of  Apoftolical  Inffitution,  he  was  willing  to  reduce 
"  it  to  the  primitive  Ufagei  ^'^^  if  his  Two  Houfes 
«*  fhould  fo  advife,  he  would  be  content  to  leffen  the 
*'  Extent,  and  multiply  the  Number  of  Diocefles  — 
»*  He  ftill  apprehended  the  entire  Alienation  of  the 
*'  Bifhops  Lands  by  Sale  to  be  Sacrilege  —  He  was 
"  willing  to  afTent  to  the  Calling  and  Sitting  of  the 
*'  AfTembly  of  Divines,  as  defined  —  He  would  alio 
*'  confirm  the  publick  Ufe  of  the  Dire^ory  in  all 
*'  Churches  and  Chapels,  and  would  repeal  fo  much 
"  of  all  Statutes  as  concerned  the  Book  of  Comvion 
"  Prayer  only  •,  provided  the  Ufe  thereof  might  be 
*'  continued  in  his  Majefty's  Chapel  for  himfelf  and 
"  his  Houfhold  ;  and  that  the  fame  [f.  if.  tije  D/>,?- 
*'  clory']  (hould  be  confirmed  by  A61  of  Parliament 
*'  for  Three  Years,  provided  a  Confultation  be  had 
*'  in  the  mean  Time  with  the  AfTembly  of  Divines  as 
**  before  mentioned  —  Touching  the  Articles  of 
**  Religion  [the  JJfemhly*s  Confejjion^   his  Majefty 
*'  defired  further  Time  to  examine  them  before  he 
"   bound  up  himfelf  and   his  Subjefls  in  Matters  of 

*'  Faith  and  Dodrine His  Majefty  will  confent 

*'  to  an  Ad  for  better  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's 
L  1  2  "Day, 


5i6  7/:^-?  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

jk:?k^     a  Day»  and  to  prevent  faying  of  Mafs  — But  as  to 
1^6  "    '"  ^^^  Covenant^  his  Majeily  was  not  fatisfied  to  take 
's^^^Y-^  *'  ''^''  ^'^^  ^'^  impofe  it  upon  others/* 

Thefe  Conceffions  being  voted  unfatisfa6lory  by  the 
Two  Houfes  at  Wejiminfter^    his  Majefty  confented 
further,  Odoh.  21.    i.  "That  Archbifhops,    Chan- 
*'  cellors,  Deans,  and  the  whole  Hierarchy,  be  abo- 
"  liflied,   except  Bishops,     2.  That  none  but  the 
*'  Prep'jterian  Government  be    exercifed  for  Three 
*'   'Tears.     3.  That  in  cafe  no  Settlement  fhould  be 
"  agreed  upon  within  that  Time,  that  then  for  the 
"  future  the  Power  of  Ordination  fhould  not  be  exer- 
"  cifed  by  Bijhops  without  the  Counfel  and  Afllilance 
**  of  Prefbyters ;    that   no    other   Epifcopal    Jurif- 
*'  didion  fhould  be  exercifed  but  fuch  as  fhould  be 
'«  agreed   upon   in   Parliament  ;    and   if  within  that 
"  Time  his  Majefty  fhould  be  convinced  that  Epifco- 
*'  facy  is  not  agreeable  tp  the  Word  of  God,  or  that 
*'  Chrift  commanded  any  other  Government,  he  will 
"  embrace  it,  and  take  Epifcopacy  quite  away.'*    The 
Houfes  not  being  fatisfied  with  thefe  ConcefHons,  his 
Majefty  added,  Nov.  4.  "  That  he  would  make  no 
'*  new  Bifhops  for  Three  Years ;  and  for  the  further 
*'  Satisfa6lion  of  the  Parliament,  he  would  not  infift 
**  upon  the  Ufe  of  the  Common  Prayer  in  his  own 
*'  Chapel  for   that  Time,    but  would  make  ufe  of 
"  fome  other  Form  of  Divine  Service  for  himfelf, 
*'  and  forbid  Mafs  to  be  faid  in  the  Queen's  Chapel." 
This  was  his  Majefty's  final  Anfwer,  which  the  Com- 
mons voted  unfatisfnftory,   and  ordered  the  Commif- 
Jrgnmenii  fioners  to  acquaint  him  with  their  Votes. 
and  MO'        fhe  Treaty  was   prolonged  Three  Weeks   after 
y*'^"^^^"^this,  in  which  Time  the  CommifTioners  did  all  that 
mijjionen  ^as  in  their  Power  to  obtain  his  Majefly's  Confent, 
toga!)!  /^^befeeching  him  with  Tears  upon  their  bended  Knees, 
K!r7gs       fince  Matters  were  brought  to  fo  narrow  a  Compafs, 
corjent.     ^^  yj^j^j  ^p  ^j^g  point  ot' Religion.     In  their  laft  Paper 
Rulhw.     ^f  js^Q^^  20.  they  befeech  him  to  confider,  "  That  it 
WhicK^*    "  '^  "°^  ^^^  ApoJlcUcal  Bijhop  which  the  Parliament 
r.351.'  ''defire 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Pu  RiTA^  s.  517 

*'  defire  him  to  abolifli,  but  that  Epifcop.icy  which    Kmg 

*'  was  formerly  eftabliflied  by  Law  in  thi.>  Kingdom /'^'^''''^^^  ^' 

"  and  has  been  found  by  Experience  to  be  an  1  Iin«  ^J^^^ 

*'  drance  to  Piety,  a  Grievance  to  the  Subjccl,  an 

'-  Encroachment  upon  the  Power  of  the  Civil  Magi- 

*•'  ftrate,  and  foa  Burden  to  the  Perfons,  Purfes,  and 

*'  Confciences  of  Men,     They  do  not  meddle  with 

"  the  Apojlolical  Bijhop,  nor  determine  what  that  Bi- 

"  fhop  was  whom  the  Apoftles  mention  in  Scripture  ; 

"  but  they  are  for  putting  bim  down  by  a  hzyf  who 

"  was  fee  up  by  a  Law  ;  and  certainly  nothing  can 

*'  be  more  proper  for  Parliaments,    than  to  alter, 

"  repeal,  or  make  Laws  which  appear  to  them  for 

"  the  Good  of  the  Commonwealth. 

"  But  admitting  Apojlolical  Bijljops  were  within  the 
"  Purport  of  this  Bill,   we  humbly  conceive  it  docs 
"  not  follow,  that  therefore  in  Confcience  it  muft 
"  not  bepafTed,  for  we  may  not  grant,  that  no  Oc- 
"  cafion  can  make  that  alterable  which  has  F'ounda- 
'*  tion  only  in  the  Praolice  of  the  Apoftles,  and  not 
"  in  a  Precept.     Some  Things  have  certainly  been 
"  altered  which  the  Apoftles  praftifed  •,  Circumft.in- 
*'  ces  many  Times  change  the  Nature  of  moral  A6li- 
"  ons  i  For  the  attaining  a  great  Good,  or  the  avoid- 
*'  ing  a  great  Evil,  that  which,  fingly  confider'd,   is 
*'  not   fit   to   be  done,    and,    perhaps,  would   be  a 
"  Fault  if  it  were,   may  become  a  Duty,  and  a  Man 
"  may  be  bound  in  Confcience  to  do  ir.     And  if  ever 
"  Circumftances  could  have  a  more  powerful  and 
*>  confiderable  Influence  than   in  this  Juncture,  we 
*'  leave  to  your  Majefty's  Confideration.     But  this 
!'*  is  faid  only  for  Argument  fake,   admitting,  but 
"  not  granting  the  Grounds  on  vyhich  your  Majefty 
"  is  pleafed  to  go,  in  refufing  to  pafs  this  Bill."    The 
Strength  of  the  Commiffioners  Reafoning  upon  this 
Head  may   be  feen  at  once  in  this  fhort  Syllogifm  ■, 
IVhatjoever  is  not  of  Divine  Lijiitution  ma-j  be  very  laiju- 
fully  altered,  changed,  or  reverfed  —  But  the  Epifcopacy 
"juhich  is  eflablifhed  in  the  Church  of  England  is  not  that 

L  1  3  Epij'co- 


5i8  «r^^  HISTORY         Vol.IIL 

King     Epifcopac^  menlioned  in  Scripture  —  therefore  the  Laws 

Charles  l.^^/jicb  efiaMi/hed  it  may  take  it  away. 

^Jf  ^^  The  Commiffioners  go  on,  "  As  for  the  Sale  of  Bi- 
'■^  JJoops  hands^  which  your  Majeily  conceives  to  be 
"  Sacrilege^  we  humbly  offer,  th:\c  Bifliopricks  be- 
'*  iner  diffolved  their  Lands  revert  to  the  Crown, 
*'  which  is  their  Foundation  and  Patron,  and  here- 
*'  tofore  held  it  no  Sacrilege  to  difpofe  of  Bifhops 
^^  Lands  to  its  own  and  other  Ufcs  by  A61  of  Parlia- 
*'  ment,  which  was  an  ordinary  Pradlice  in  your  Ma- 
"  jefty's  Predeceffors,  Kings  and  Queens  of  this  Na- 
"  tion.  Befides,  in  all  Ages,  even  under  the  Cere- 
*'  monial  Law,  imminent  and  urgent  Neceflity  has 
*'  difpenfed  with  the  Alienation  of  confecrated 
"  Things. 

"  Your  Majefty  is  pleafed  to  fay,  Tou  cannot  cbm- 
"  miinicate  in  a  publick  Form  cf  Divine  Service ^  where 
"  it  is  uncertain  what  the  Minijler  will  offer  to  God. 
^'  But  we  befeech  your  Majefly  to  be  informed, 
*'  that  the  DireFiory  fets  down  the  Matter  of  the 
"  Prayer  which  the  Minifter  is  to  ufe  ;  Words  and 
"  Exprefllons  for  Enlargement  being  left  to  his  Dif- 
*'  cretion.  But  give  us  leave  to  add,  that  this  ought 
**  tjo  be  no  Objedion  with  your  Majeily,  for  then 
*'  one  muft  not  hear  any  Prayer  before  Sermon,  for 
"  here  every  Minifter  has  a  feveral  Form,  which  he 
*'  varies  according  to  Occafion. 

'^  Upon  the  whole  therefore  we  humbly  hope, 
?'  that  your  Majefly,  after  a  mod  ferious  Confidera- 
^'  tion,  v^ill  difcern  the  juft  Caufe  which  the  Two 
''  Houfes  have  for  remaining  unfatisfied  with  your 
^'  Majefty's  Conceffions,  with  relation  to  the  Church, 
^*  for  they  are  apprchenfive,  that  after  the  Expira- 
?'  tion  of  the  Three  Years  in  which  Epifcopal  Go- 
"  vernment  is  to  be  fufpended,  a  Bidiop  fo  qualified 
f'  as  your  Majefty  expreffes  will  rife  again;  for  if 
f  you  (liould  not  in  the  mean  Time  agree  with  your 
*^  Parliament  upon  any  other  Form  of  Government, 
<^''  which  depends  v/hpliy  upon  your  Majefty's  Piea- 

''  fure. 


Chap.X.        c/  //j^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  519 

**  fure,  no  other  Government  can  be  fet  up  ;  and  then     J*^"'.<? 
*'  this  Epifcopacy  will  return  with  fo  great  Power, ^'^^''''^*  '^* 
"  that  the  Bifhop  may  choofe  whether  any  Minifter,^jf^^ 
*'  at  all,  Hull  be  made  in  the  Church  of  England^  and 
*'  chofe  that  fhall  mufi:  be  at  his  Devotion,  he  having 
*'  the  negative  Voice  in  Ordination,  which,  we  hum- 
"  biy  conceive,  is  no  where  declared  in  Scripture  to 
"  be  the  Prerogative  of  an  JpoJloUcal  Bi/hop. 

"  We  humbly  fay  further,  that  the  Charging  Bi- 
"  fhops  Lands  with  Leafes  for  Ninety  nine  Years 
*'  is  not  fufficient,  becaufe  there  is  a  Rent  referved  to 
the  Bifhop,  and  the  Property  will  continue  as  be- 
fore j  fo  that  it  can't  be  expefted  that  the  Prefbjte- 
rian  Government  fhould  be  complied  with,  and 
exercifed  with  Profit  or  Comfort  to  the  Church, 
as  long  as  a  Door  is  left  open  for  the  Return  of  a  fu- 
perior  Power  upon  the  firfl  Opportunity. 
"  We  hope  your  Majefty  will  pardon  our  prefling 
in  this  manner  ;  our  Intention  is  not  to  offer  Vio- 
lence to  your  Majcfty's  Confcience,  but  to  endea- 
vour to  inform  it  in  a  Matter  that  appears  to  the 
Two  Houfes  of  fo  great  Confequence.  We  again 
humbly  befeech  your  Majefty  to  review  our  for- 
mer Papers;  call  to  mind  thofe  Reafons  and  Ar- 
guments which  in  Debate  have  been  ufed  upon  this 
Subjedl,  with  fuch  others  as  your  own  Wifdom 
"  fhall  fuggeft,  and  then  be  pleafed  to  give  your 
"  Royal  Confent  to  the  Particulars  above  fpecified, 
*'  that  both  your  felf  and  your  People  may  have 
*'  Caufe  to  rejoice." 

The  Committee  of  States  in  Scotland  joined  with-^'^^^^^  0/ 
the    Parliament    Commiflioners     in    befeeching  his^'^°^^*"'* 
Majefty  to  confent  to  the  Propofition  about  Religion, ^^^f^  f'^ 
which  they  underftood  to  be  the  Point  his  Majefty cow/e;7^ 
moft  ftuck  at,  and  which  they  in  Honour  and  Jnte-Rufhw. 
reft  were  obliged  moft  to  inlift  upon,    and  without  p.  1304. 
which  (they  add)  his  Throne  cannot   be  eftablifiied 
in  Righteoufnefs.     They  alfo  writ  to  the  Prince  of 

L  1  4  IVakf 


520 

King 

Charles  I. 

1648. 


Clarend. 

p.  Z24. 

Rufhw. 
p.  13x6, 


The  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


Kivg  s 
Speech 
to    the 
Commif- 
ficners. 
Vol.  Pam 
N**  85. 


TVales  to  mediate  with  his  Father.     The  General  Af- 
fembly^  and  the  CommifTioners  of  the  Kirk  of  Scollandy 
fent  ac  the  fame  Time  two  frowning  Letters,  for  (it 
was  faid)  they  could  fpeak  more  plainly  in  the  Name  of 
their  Majier  than  the  Commiflloners  of  Eftates  would 
venture  to  do  in  their  own.  But  his  Majefty  was  deaf  to 
all  Arguments  and  Perfwafions,    being  determined, 
if  his  Two  Houfes  did  not  think  fit  to  recede  frpm 
the  Striftnefs  of  their  Demands  in  thefe  Particulars, 
to  caft  himfelf  (as  he  faid  }  on  his  Saviour*s  Goodnefs 
to  fupport  and  defend  him  from  all  Afflidions,  how 
great  foever,  which  might  befal  him,    rather  than 
upon  politick  Confiderations  deprive  himfelf  of  the 
Tranquillity  of  his  Mind  ;  and  therefore,  excepting 
his  Majelly's  Con  fent  to  licenfe  the  AJfemblfs  lejjer  Cate," 
ch'ifm  with  a  proper  Preface^  in  all  other  Matters  in 
difference  he  refolved  to  abide  by  his  former  Anfwers. 
At  the  Clofe  of  the  Treaty  the  King  made  a  Ihoft 
Speech  to  the  CommifTioners,  in  which  he  reminds 
them  how  far  he  had  condefcended  for  the  fake  of 
Peace.     He  defired  them  to  put  a  good  Interpreta- 
,  tion  on  his  vehement  Exprefiions  in  fomc  parts  of  the 
Debates,  there  being  nothing  in   his  Intentions  but 
Kindnefs ;  and  that  as  they  had  ufed  a  great  deal  of 
Freedom,  and   fhewed  great  Abilities  in  their  De- 
bates, which   had  taken  him   off  from  fome  of  his 
Opinions,     that  they  would  ufe  the  fame  Freedom 
>yith   his  Two  Houfes,  to  prefs  them  to  an  Abate- 
ment of  thofe  Things  in  which  his  Confcience  was  not 
yet  fatisfied,  which  more  Time  might  do,  his  Opini- 
oiiS  not  being  like  th?  Laws  of  the  Medes  and  Perjians^ 
unalterable  or    infallible ;    adding    his  very    hearty 
Thanks  for  the  Pains  they  had  taken  to  fatisfy  him, 
profeffing  that  he  wan:ed   Eloquence  to   commend 
their  Abilities,     He  defired  them  candidly  to  repre- 
fent  all  the  TranfacTtions  of  the  Treaty  to  his  Two- 
Houfes,  that  they  might  fee  nothing  of  his  own  In- 
tereft,  how  near  or  dear  foever  (but  that  wherein  his 
Cqnfcience  is  not  fatisfied)  can  hinder,  on  his  Part,  an 
happy  Conclufion  of  the  Treaty.  The 


Chap.X.        o/" //j^  Pu  R  I  TANS.  521 

The  King's  Concefllons  were  certainly  a  fufHcIent    King 
Foundacion  for  Peace  with  the  Prc/h\leriaf!s,  if  they  ^'^^''^' ^* 
eouJd  have  been  relied  upon,    and  were  To  voted  by  vJ^^S^ 
the  Parliament  when  it  was  too  lace.     His  M:\jti\y  n^ef„arkf. 
had  given  up  the  main  Pillars  of  the  Hierarchy,  by 
confenting  toabolilh  Archbifhops,  Deans,  and  Chap- 
ters, and  that  a  Bifhop  fhould  not  a£t  without  his 
'Prefbyters  5    which  was  Archbifliop  UJher's  Scheme, 
and  all  that  the  Puritans  at  firft  contended  for  -,  but 
the  Scots  and  Englljh  Pre/Lylerians  not  being  lb  appre- 
henfive  of  Danger  from  the  Army  as  they  ought, 
concluded  they  could  not  fail  of  their  whole  Eftablifh- 
ment  in  a  few  Weeks,  though  there  was  not  the  leaft 
mention  of  Liberty  of  Confcience  for  Diffenters^  which, 
they  were  fenfible,  muft  occafion  high  Difcontents  in 
the   Army.     The    Commiffioners    would    willingly 
have  relaxed  to  an  Accommodation,    and   took  all 
Opportunities  to  alTure  his  Majefty,  that  if  he  would 
but  yield  for aTime, Things  fhould  be  made  eafy  to  him 
afcerwards.     But  the  Truth  is,  as  the  King  would  not 
truft  the  Parliament,  fo  neither  would  they  the  King, 
becaufe  they  obferved,  (i.)  His  Dilatorinefs  in  theciar."    "] 
Treaty,  as  if  he  waited  for  fome  advantagious  Turnp.  iii." 
of  Affairs  to  revoke  his  Concefllons.     (2.)  His  refo- 
lute  Difputing  every  Inch  of  Ground  without  yielding 
a  fingle  Propofition.     f^J    His  Majefly's   Maxim, 
'That  what  was  yielded  out  of  JSJeceJfity  was  not  binding 
when  the  Rejlraint  was  taken  off.     (4.J  They  fufpefled 
his  Sincerity,   becaufe  the  Duke  of  Ormond  was  at  this 
very  Time  treating  with  the  IriJJj  Rebels  by  his  Ma- 
jefly's CommifTion,  which  he  would  not  recal.     (5.) 
They  remember'd  his  Majefty's  artful  Manner  of  in- 
terpreting away  his  ConcefTions.    (6.)  They  gave  out 
that  he  was  not  his  own  Mafter,   but  that  his  Con- 
fcience was  under  the  Diredfions  of  his  Divines,  who 
would  put  him  upon  all  Extreams  for  their  Support. 
(j.)  They  were  incenfed  at  the  Murders  and  Depre- 
dations of  the  Cavalier  Soldiers,  even  after  they  were 
beaten  out  of  the  Field,    and  were  afraid  of  their 

recover- 


; 


r 


^22  r;6^  HISTORY  Vol.111. 

King    recovering  the  Management  of  publick  Affairs.    And 
Charles  I.  Loftly,  They  were  as  firmly  in  the  Belief  of  the  Divine 
l;^4^  Inftitution  of  Prefbytery,  and  the  Obligation  of  the 
Covenant,  as  the  King  and  his  Divines  could  be  of  the 
NecefTity  of  Epifcopacy. 
Book  XI.      But  under  all  thefe  PrepofTefTions  Lord  Clarendon 
p.  217.     obferves  fome  of  the  CommifTioners  found  means  to 
advertife  the  King  in  private,  "  chat  they  were  of 
"  his  Majefly's  Judgment    about  Church  Govern- 
*'  ment,     which  they   hoped   might   be   preferved, 
«*  but  not  by   the  Method   his  Majelty  purfued  ; 
<<  that  all  the  reafonable  Hope  of  preferving  the 
«'  Crown    was    in    dividing    the     Parliament    and 
"  the  Army,    which  could  be  done  no  other  way 
**  than  by   giving   Satisfadlion    wich   Reference  to 
'*  the    Ciiurch.     This   might    probably   unite    the 
*'  Parliament    and    the    City    of  London,    and  en- 
«*  able  them  to  bring   his   Majefty  to  London  with 
**  Honour ,    where   he   might    have   an    Opportu- 
"  nity  of  gaining  more  Abatements  than  he  could 
"  ever    exped    by   refufing   to    fign    the   Prelimi- 
*'  naries.     Many    Advertifements  came     from     his 
*'  Majefty*s   Friends   in   London,    and  other  Places, 
"  that  it  was  high  Time  the  Treaty  was  at  an  End, 
"  before  the  Army  drew  nearer  London,    which   it 
"  would  fl:iortly  do,  as  foon  as  thofe  in  the  North 
"  had  finifhed  their  Works."  Sir  J.  Browning  begged 
his  Majefty,  in  his  Clofet,  to  make  all  his  Concef- 
fions   in  one  Declaration,    at    one    Inftant,    and  in 
one   Day.     The    Parliament    CommifHoners    were 
no  lefs  importunate  with  the  King,   but  he  was  in- 
fiexible,  and  ufually  out  of  Humour.     Remarkable 
are    the   Words  of  Mr.   IVhitlock,    fpeaking   of  the 
Whicl.      above-mentioned   Conceflions  ;    "  More   than    this 
Mem.       "  could   not   be  obtained,    though   mod    earneftly 
P'Sj^j      "  begg'd  of  his  Majefty   by  fome  of  the  Commif- 
3)6.         16   fioners  (great  Perfons)  with  Tears,  and  upon  their 
"  Knees,    particularly,    as  to  the   Propofuion  con- 
*'  cerning   Religion,    wherein  Church    Governmenr, 

**  pub^ 


'Chap.  X.        of  tbe  Pv  RiT  Ai^  s'.  523 

"  publick  Worfhip,  and  chiefly  the  Revenues  of  the     King 
*'  Church,    fwayed  more  with  the  King's  Chaplains ^^^^^"  ^« 
*'   then  about  him  j    and  they  more  with  his  Maje- ^LV^ 
*'  fly   (continually  whifpering  Matter  of  Confcience 
*'  to  him)  than  the  Parliament,  and  all  his  Commif- 
*'  fioners,  could  prevail  with  him  for  an  Agreement, 
*'  though   poflibly  his  own  Judgment    (which   was 
*'  above  all  theirs)  might  not  be  fo  fully  convinced 
*'  by  his  eager  Divines  about  him.'*     But  ihefe  had 
Pofleflion  ot  his  Majefty*s  Confcience,  and  direfled 
his  Anfwers :   And  tho'  they  abhorred  the  Thoughts 
of  depofing  the  King,  or  putting   him  to  Death,  ic 
ought  to  be  confidered.  Whether  their  ftifl  and  im- 
prudent Behaviour  did  not  manifeftly  lead  the  Way 
to  it  ? 

His  Majefty  being  intangled  in  this  manner  vf2iSArcLLifo.p 
pleafed,  before  the  breaking  up  of  the  Treaty,  toU^nci'i 
fend  for  Archbiihop  L^fr,  and  afked  FTim  this  Que-'^'"""''''" 
ftion,  PVhether  he  found  in  all  Antiquity  i  that  Prejhyters 
alone  ordained  any?'  To  which  the  Archbifhop  repli- 
ed frankly,    that  he  could  fhew  his  Majefty  more 
than  that,  even  that  Prejhyters  alone  bad  fuccejfively  or- 
dained Bijfhops,  and   inftanced  in  St.  Jeromes  Words,Baxcer's 
in  his  Epijl.  ad  Evagriufn,  where  he  fays,  the  Pref-'-*^^' 
byters  of  Alexandria  chofe  and  made  their  own  Bi«^' 
ihops  from  the  Days  of  Mark  the  Apoftle  till  Hera- 
cliis  and  Dionyfius.      At  the  fame  Time  the  Archbi- 
fhop offered  his  Majefty  his  own  Scheme  for  the  Re- 
dudlion  of  Epifcopacy  to  the  Form  of  Prefbytery, 
which  his  Majefty  had  formerly  rejected,  but  was 
now  at  length  willing  to  accept,  as  the  Archbifhop 
himfelf  told  Mr.  Baxter ;    but   the  Scots  and  Engltjh 
Prejhytcrians  would  not  acquiefce. 

Though  the  CommifTioners  had  no  Power  to  rt-Comhfton 
cede   from   their  Inftructions,  the  Treaty  was  pro-"/'^* 
longed  from  Time  to  Time  in  hopes  that  fomething^''^'^^-^* 
or  other  might  gain  upon  the  King  •,  but  his  Maje- 
fty was  frequently  out  of  Temper,    and  treated   the 
CommifTioners  with  no  Degree  of  Confidence,    The 

forty 


524  ry&^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

Kwg     Forty  Days  to  which  the  Treaty  was  Jimited  being 
Charles  !•  ended  O^ob.  28.  it  was  prolonged  for  Seven  Days, 
*.J^r-N-/  ^^^"  ^^^  Fourteen,  and  fo  on,  to  the  28th  o(  Novem- 
^i^z/  ^^^»  for  which  (fays  Lord  Clarendon)  his  Majefty  was 
nothing  glad  ;  nor  did  his  Friends  in  the  Houfe  defire 
the  Prolongation,  but  was  moved  by  thofe  that  wi(h- 
ed  the  Treaty  might  have  no  good  Effedt,  to  give  the 
Army  Time  to  finifh  their  Summer's  Work,  and  re- 
turn  to  London.     On  the  laft  Day  of  the  Treaty, 
when  the  Coinmiffioners  prefTed  his  Majefty  to  confi- 
der,  that  there  was  not  one  whole  Day  to  determine 
the  Fate  of  the  Kingdom,    and  that  nothing  could 
lave  his  Majefty  from  the  growing  Power  of  the  Ar- 
my, but  giving  his  Two  Houfes  Satisfadion  in  the 
Book  XI.  Particular  of  the  Church,  *'  then  ffays  Lord  Claren- 
p.  ai7.     ''  don)  his  Majefty's  own  Council,  and  the  Divines, 
"  befought  him  to  confider  the  Safety  of  his  Perfon, 
"  even  tor  the  Church's  fake,  which  had  no  Pro- 
*'  fpeft  of  being  preferved  but  by  his  Life,  that  the 
♦'  unavoidable  NecefHty  that  lay  upon  him  obliged 
*'  him  to  do  any  Thing  that  was  not  Sin.'*     But  why 
did  they  not  do  this  fooner  .?   However,  it  feems  the-j 
could  only  prevail  for  a  Sufpenfion  of  the  Epifcopal  Power 
in  Point  of  Ordination  and  Jiirifdi£iion,  till  he  and  the 
"■Two  Houfes  fhould  agree  what  Government  fhould  he  efla- 
hlifhedfor  the  future.     Which  was  the  Subftance  of  all 
his  Majefty  meant  by  his  ConceiTions.     After  Supper 
the  Commiffioners  look  their  leave,  and  having  killed 
his  Majefty's  Hand,  began  their  Journey  next  Morn- 
ing towards    "London.     'Tis  heroick   Language  that 
Mr.  Warwick  puts  into  the  King's  Mouth  on  this  Oc- 
cafton  :  His  Majefty  fajd  to  him  one  Night,  y-  1  am 
*'  like  a  Captain  that  has  defended  a   Place  well,  and 
"  his  Superiors  not  being  able  to  relieve  him  he  had 
*«  leave  to  furrender  it  \  but  though  they  cannot  re- 
*•'  lieve  me  in  the  Time  let  them  relieve  me  when 
"  they  can,  elfe  (fays  he)  I  will  hold  it  out  till  I 
**  make  fome  Stone  in  this  Building  my  Tomb-Scope  •, 
_*'  and  lb  will  I  do  by  the  Church  of  England,^* 

Loid 


Chap. X.        of  the  VvRi  TAN  $.  ^25 

Lord  Clarendon  is  of  Opinion,    "  That  the  major    King 
**  Part  of  both  Houfes,  as  well  as  thtCo?nmiJ/ioners,^^^rks  I, 
*'  were  at  this  Time  fo  far  from  defiring  the  Execu-Vf^^ 
"  tion  of  all  their  ConcelTions,  that  if  they  had  been  ^^^^z"'*^''^- 
*'  able  to  have  refilled  the  wild  Fury  of  the  Army, 
**  they  would  themfelves  have  been  Suitors  to  have 
*»  declined  the  greateft  part  of  them.'*     And  were 
not   the  King's  Counfellors  and  Divines  fenfible  of 
this  ?  Why  then  did  they  trifle  away  the  Time  in  fruit- 
Jefs  Debates  for  above  a  Month,  when  it  was  evident 
to  all   Men  that  every  Day  the  King  loft  made  his 
Condition  more  defperate  ?  But  thus  ended  the  famous 
Treaty  of  Nezvport,  which,  like  all  the  reft,  proved 
unfuccefsful,  chiefly  from  an  incurable  Jealoufy  and 
Difl:ruft  between  the  contending  Parties,  which,  how 
reafonable  it  was  on  either  Side  muft  be  left  with  the 
Reader. 

The  noble  Hiftorian  obferves,  that  the  King  (ent  Kings  Let-, 
the  Prince  of  l^Vales  a  Journal  of  the  Proceedings  of'^''*"*^^ 
the  Treaty,  and  an  cxacft  Copy  of  all  the  Papers  that^*"""^^" 
had  pafll'ed  to  the  29rh  of  Novefnber,   together  with 
a  Letter  of  Six  Sheets  of  Paper  writ  with  his  Majefty's 
own  Hand,  containing   the  Reafons  and  Motives  of 
all  h:s  ConcefTions.     The  Conclufion  of  the  Letter, 
his  Lordfhip  fays,  deferves  to  be  preferved  in  Letters 
of  Gold,  as  it  gives  the  beft  Charadler  of  that  excel- 
lent Prince  ;  but  the  Copy  does  nor,  in  my  Opinion, 
refemble  the  Original.     Som.e  Pafl'ages  of  it  are  thefe, 
*'  —  We  have  laboured  long  in  fearch  of  Peace,  doBook  XI. 
"  not  you  be  difhearren'd  to  tread  in  the  fame  Steps.?- 1^9. 

"  —  Prefer  the  Way  of  Peace  Conquer  your 

*'  Enemies  by  pardoning  rather  than  by  pun  (hing 
"  —  Never  affecfc  more  Greatnefs  or  Prerogative 
*'  than  that  which  is  really  and  intrinfically  for  the 
*'  Good  of  your  Subjefts,  roc  the  Satisfadlion  of  Fa- 
^'  vourites.  You  may  perceive  that  all  Men  en- 
"  truft  their  Treafure  where  it  returns  them  Inte- 
*'  reft.  If  Princes,  like  the  Sea,  receive,  and  repay 
*'  all  the  frefh  Streams  t'.e  Rivers  iniruft  them  with, 

"  they 


i 


526  7/6^  HISTORY  VoI.III. 

King  "  they  will  not  grudge,  but  pride  themfelves  to 
Charles  l.tt  make  them  up  an  Ocean  —  If  God  reftore  you  to 
^L^^  "  your  Right  whatever  you  promife  keep —  Don't 
^  *'  think  any  Thing  in  this  World  worth  obtaining  by 

"  falfe  and  unjuft  Means — '*  Thefe  are  excellent 
Maxims  of  Government ;  but  furely  if  his  Majefty 
had  condudted  himfelf  by  them  he  could  not  have 
been  reduced  to  fuch  a  low  and  deftitute  Condi- 
tion, as  to  have  hardly  a  Place  in  the  World  to  hide 
Clarend.  himfelf  in  j  "  for,  fays  liOrd  Clarendon^  there  was 
p.  131.  *'  at  that  Time  no  Court  in  Chriftendom  fo  honour- 
*'  ably  or  generoufly  conftituted,  that  it  would  have 
"  been  glad  to  have  feen  him,  and  they  who  wifhed 
"  him  well,  did  not  wifli  his  Efcape,  becaufe  they 
*'  imagined  Imprifonment  was  the  worft  that  could 
"  befalhim." 
Remarki.  I  am  Unwilling  to  fufpedl  the  Genuinenefs  of  this 
Letter,  though  there  were  fo  many  Forgeries  put 
upon  the  World  about  this  Time  to  advance  his  Ma- 
jelly's  Piety  and  Virtue,  that  one  can  hardly  feel  the 
Ground  he  treads  on.  If  fuch  a  Letter  was  fent  to  the 
Frince  'tis  very  flrange  he  fhould  never  fee  it ;  or  that 
his  Lordfliip,  who  lived  in  the  Prince's  Family,  and 
extra6ted  his  Account  of  the  Treaty  of  Nezvport  from 
thefe  Papers  fas  he  declares)  fliould  never  fhew  it 
his  Mailer  ;  and  yet  thefe  are  the  Words  of  Bifliop 
p.  51*  Burnet,  in  the  Hijiory  of  his  Life  and  Ti??ies,  "The 
"  Duke  of  Tork  fufFer'd  me  to  talk  very  freely  to 
««  him  about  Religion,  and  he  told  me  among  other 
«'  Things,  that  the  Letter  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  was 
**  ne'ver  brought  to  him" 
fbecafeof  The  Army  had  been  Six  Months  in  the  Field  this 
lie  Army.  Summer  fighting  againft  the  Cavaliers  and  Scots,  but 
both  being  now  reduced  and  conquered  they  began  to 
exprefs  an  high  Diflatisfadion  with  l\\t  prefent  Irea- 
/)',  becaufe  no  Provifion  was  made  for  the  Point  they 
.had  fo  much  at  Heart,  which  was  Liberty  of  Confcieme. 
Here  they  had  juft  Reafon  of  Complaint,  but  ought 
not  to  have  relieved  themfelves  by  the  Methods,  and  at 

the 


Chap.  X.        of  the  V\5V.\TA^  s.  ^27 

the  Expcnce  they  did.     They  were  thoroughly  in-     -k/w^ 
cenfed  againll  the  King  nud  bis  Cavaliers  on  one  hand,^^^*"'"  ^• 
and  the  high  Prejbyterians  on   the  other.     It  appeared  vj^fj^ 
to  them,  that  the  King's  Sentiments  in  Rehgion  and^^'^*^' 
Politicks  were  not  changed  •,  that  he  would  always  be 
raifing  new  Commonons  till  Things  returned  to  their 
former  Channel  ;  that  in  the  prefent  Treaty  he  had 
yielded  nothing  but  by  Conftraint ;  and,  that  when  he 
was  reftored  to  his  Throne  they  fliould  neither  be  fafe 
in    their  Lives   or    Fortunes    after    the  fhedding  To 
much  loyal  Blood.     On  the  other  hand,  if  Prep^te- 
rian  Uniformit-j  Hiould  take  Place  by  virtue  of  the  pre- 
fent Treaty  their  Condition   would    not    be    much 
mended  ;  for  ffaid  they)  if  the  King  himfelf  cannot 
obtain  Liberty  to  have  the  Common  Prayer  read  pri- 
vately in  his  own  Family,  what  mufb  the  IndepeU' 
dants  and  Ssofaries  expeft  ?  What  have  we  been  fight- 
ing for,  if  after  all  the  H;izards  we  have  run  to  fet 
up  Prejhpery  as  the  eftablifhed  Religion  we  mull  be 
banifhed  our  Country  or  driven  into  Corners  ? 

While  the  Refentments  of  the  Army  ran  thus  high.  Their  Tro- 
their  Officers,  who  were  high  Enthufiajis,  but  oihtv- ceedings, 
wife  Men  of  fober  and  virtuous  Morals,  kept  feveral 
Days  of  Falling  and  Prayer  at  their  Head  Quarters 
at  St.  Alhan^s^  till  at  length  being  in.  deep  Difpair, 
and  having  worked  themfelves  up  to  a  kind  of  Spiri- 
tual Phrenfy,  they  enter'd  upon  the  mod  defperate 
Meafures,  refolving  to  alTume  the  Sovereign- 
Power  into  their  own  Hands  ;  to  bring  the  King 
to  Juftice  i  to  fet  afide  the  Covenant  j  and  change  the 
Government  into  a  Commonwealth.  To  accomplifli 
thefe  monftro'js  Rcfolutions,  which  were  founded  fas 
they  faid)  upon  Self  Preservation,  though 
carried  on  by  Methods  fubverfive  not  only  of  the 
Rights  of  Parliament,  but  of  the  very  Laws  of  So- 
ciety it  felf,  the  Officers  agreed  upon  a  Remon- 
jlrance,  which  was  prefented  to  the  Parliament  by  Six 
of  their  Council,  Nov.  20.  Eight  Days  before  the  Ex- 
piration of  the  Treaty  with  the  King,  together  with 

a 


1648 

Their  Re^ 


Clarend. 
p.  136. 
Rapin, 
p.  H9- 


ne  HISTORY  VoI.III, 

King    a  Letter  from  General  Fairfax  to  the  Houfe,  defiring 
Oiarles  I.  jj-  might  have  a  prefent  Reading. 

The  Remonftrance  fets  forth  the  Mifcarriages  of 
the  King's  Government ;    his  double    and   dilatory 
jwtfw/?r<ji«fc  Proceedings  in  Treaties,  particularly  in  that  now  on 
Foot ;    and  then  defires  the  Houfe  to  return  to  theii? 
Votes  of  Non-Addrefles  ;  to  lay  afide  that  bargain- 
ing Propofition  of  compoundingwith  Delinquents,  and 
bring  them  to  Punifhment ;  and  among  thefe  Offenders, 
they  propofe,  "  (i.)  That  the  King  be  brought  to 
*'  juilice,  as  the  capital  Caufe  of  all.     (2.)  That  a 
"  Day  be  fer  for  the  Prince  of  fFales  and  Duke  of 
**  lork  to  furrender  themfelves,  or  be  declared  inca- 
*'  pable  of  the  Government ;  and,  that  for  the  fu- 
"  ture,  no  King  be  admitted  but  by  the  free  Eledti- 
"  on  of  the  People.'* 
Theyfeize      The  Commons,  upon  reading  this  Remonftrance, 
ihe  Kingi^j^QYC  ftruck  with  Surprize,  and  being  all  in  Confufion, 
per/on  a    (jef^rr'd  ^hc  Debate  for  Ten  Days,  i.  e.  to  the  End  of 

S«    TII7I6,  -V 

theTreaty.ButtheOfficersbeingapprehenfiveofwhat 
might  happen  in  that  Time  fent  Colonel  Eiver  co  the 
IJleo^U\bt  with  a  Party  of  Horfe  to  fecure  the  Perfon 
of  the  King,  and  to  order  Colonel  Hammond  to  quit  the 
Ifland,  and  attend  the  Council  of  Officers  at  their  head 
Quarters  at  Windfor  i  the  King  was  fecured  the  very 
Day,  after  the  Expiration  of  the  Treaty,  and  next 
Morning  [ZVbi;.  30.]  convey'd  by  a  Party  of  Horfe  to 
Hurjt  Cajile^  where  he  continued  till  he  was  conduc- 
ed by  Colonel  Harrifon  to  IVindfor,  in  order  to  his 
Trial.  The  fame  Day  the  Officers  fcnt  a  Declaration  to 
the  Houfe  to  enforce  their  late  Remonjlrance^  complain- 
ing that  they  were  wholly  negledled,  and  defiring  the 
Majority  of  the  Houfe  to  exclude  from  their  Councils 
fuch  as  would  obftrud  Juftice,  or  elfe  withdraw  from 


Rufhw. 

p.  1341- 
Rapin, 

p.  555. 

Claren. 

p.i37- 


them.     This  occafioned  fuch  high  Language  among 


the  Member^    that  feme  moved  that  the  principal 

Officers  who  had  a  Share  in  the  Remonftrance  might 

Theymarch^^  impeach'd  of  High  Treafon.     Upon  which  the 


to  London    . 
and  purge   -^^"V 
the   Pari, 


marched   dircCl;ly  to  London^    with 


General 
Fair- 


Chap.  X.         of  f/je  PuRir  Ai^s.  529 

Fairfn  at  their  Head,  who  writ  to  the  Lord  Mayor     Ktr^ 
and  Common  Council,  that  he  was  marching  ro  If^rjl-Chark^  T. 

-      i6<ib. 


mhifter  in  purf-jance  ot  ihe  late  RcmOn  11  ranee,  and        '^ 


defircd  40000/.  of  ths  Cicy  in  part  of  their  Arrears. 
Dec.  2.  he  quarter'd  his  Troops  about //^'W/'^//,  the 
Mczi's^  Covd:it  Garden,  and  Sr.  jamcs^^,  afiliring  the 
Citizens,  that  they  Ihould  dilturD  no  Man  in  his  Pro- 
perty. 

Though  the  Houfes  were  now  furrounc'ed  with  ari 
armed  Force,  they  had  the  Courage  10  vote,  that  the 
Seizing  the  Perjon  of  the  King^  and  carrying  hitn  Prifoner 
to  Hurll  Caftle,  'was  liithout  their  Jdvice  and  Conjent  ', 
and  next  Day,  afcer  having  fat  all  Night  [Dec.  5.]  ic 
was  carried  wichout  a  Divifion,  tiiat  the  Kings's  Con- 
cejfwns-  to  the  Parliament's  ProPofitiofis  'ivere  a  fujficient 
Ground  for  the'Houfes  to  proceed  upon  for  fettling  the  Peace 
of  the  Kingdom  ;  two  Hundred  forty  four  Members 
being  prefent.  But  the  Officers  being  determined 
to  carry  their  Point  difcharged  the  City  IVaincd 
Bands,  and  placed  a  Regiment  of  Horfe,  and  anotncr 
of  Foot,  the  very  next  Day,  at  the  Door  of  the  Par- 
liament Houfe,  and  Colonel  Pride  having  a  Lift  of 
the  dilaftcdled  Members  in  his  Hand,  took  about 
Forty  of  them  into  Cuftody,  and  denied  Entrance  to 
about  an  Hundred  more,  which  difcouraged  fcveral 
others  from  keeping  their  Places,  infomuch  that  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  was  lef:  in  the  PofTefiion  of  about 
one  Hundred  and  fifty  or  two  Hundred  Perfons,;mofl: 
of  them  Officers  of  the  Army,  who  carried  evcrv 
Thing  according  fo  the  Plan  agreed  upon  in  their 
Council  at  Sr.  Albans.  Oliver  Cromwell  was  not  yecIJu.q<^3le, 
come  to  London  from  his  Northern  Expedition,  butP-S^J- 
wri;  from  Knottingfly,  hov.  20.  ihat  the  Officers  of 
his  Regiments  were  deeply  fenfible  of  the  Miferies  of 
the  Kingdom,  and  hi."'  a  great  Zeal  for  impartial  Ju- 
ilice  [o  be  done  on  Offenders,  with  whom  he  concur- 
•^cd.  December  6.  ne  came  to  London^  and  next  Day 
]ud  the  Thanks  of  the  Houfe  for  his  faithful  Services 
to   the  Publick.     Dscenwer    u,    a   Paper  called  the 

Vol.  III.  M  m  Agrije^ 


530  T/;^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

King     Agreement  of  the  People  was  prefented  to  the 
Charles  1- Genera!  and  Council  of  Orlacers,  as  a  Rule  for  future 
^LA^  GovefTmient.  'Tvvas  fuppofcd  to  be  drawn  up  by  Ire- 
toriy  lind  propoied  a  Diffolution  of  the  preient  Parlia- 
ment, and  a  new  one  ro  be  chofen,  confifting  of  three 
Hundred  MerBbers,  who  fiiall  eled  tl  Council  of  State 
from  amo.ng  themfeives  for  the  Management  of  all 
pubiick  Affairs,   under  certain   Refcrictions  •,  one  of 
Vv'hich  is,  that  ihey  do  not  lay  anj  Rejiraints  on  the  Ccn- 
fdences  of  Men  for  religious  Differences  (as   has  been 
mentionedj    but  no  Proceedings  were  had  upon  ir, 
nor  did  it  ever  cake  place. 
Votes cfile     jj^   [jng   mean  Time,    the  Houfe  of  Commons  ('<f 
f///w"t^^^^y  now  def(^rved  that  Name;  voted  his  Majefty's 
c^J^^^^'^^'^ConccfTions  at  the  Ife  of  IFigbt  not  faiisf a ^ or y  ;  and, 

p.  1360. 


Ibid, 
p.  1565. 


Ckrend. 

p.    i^O. 


TVho  re- 


rhat  no  Member  who  had  been  abfent  when  that 
Vote  v/as  paffcd  fiiould  fit  again  in  the  Houfe  till 
he  had  fubicribed  it  ;  that  no  more  AddrefiVs 
be  made  to  the  King  for  the  future  ;  that  no  Ma- 
lignant, who  had  affirted  againft  the  Parliament 
in  the  firft  or  fecond  Civil  War,  or  that  had  abet- 
ted the  late  Tumults,  fliould  be  capable  of  being 
chofen  Lord  Mayor  or  Alderman  of  the  City  of 
London,  or  be  capable  of  any  Place  of  Profit  or 
Truft,  or  fo  much  as  of  giving  his  Vote  for  choo- 
fmg  Perfons  into  fuch  Offices,  for  the  Space  of 
One  Year."  The  fc'cluded  Members  publiHied  a 
Proteftation  againfl  all  thefe  Proceedings  ns  null  and 
void,  till  they  were  reflored  to  their  Places  ;  but  the 
Lords  and  Commons  that  remained  in  the  H-..)ufes  vo- 
ted their  Protellation  falfe,  fcandalous,  and  feditious. 
The  Army  having  conquered  all  Oppofition  went 


fohe  t(*  ivy  Q^  with  irrefiftible  Violence  to  change  the  whole 
Frame  of  the  Government  ;  and  to  make  way 
for  ir,    determined  to  impeach   the  King  of  High 


the  K:m. 
Rulhu. 

Rnpin, 
p.  <6z. 


Treafon,  as  having  been  the  Cnufe  of  all  the  Blood 


that  had  been  fpilt  in  the  late  War.     This  unheard 
of  Motion  met  with  fome  Oppofition  even  in  that 

J  tx;isik,  ^ack'd  yijfmhly ',   Oliver  CromzveH  was  in  doubt,  and 
P  jC'6.  faid. 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Puritans.  53  ^ 

faid,  *'  if  any  Man  moved  this  of  Choice  or  Defign  he     A'w/t 
"  Ihould  chink  him  the  greaceft  Tray  tor  in  the  World  •Z'^''^'"   * 
**   but  fincc  i'R.oviDENCE  and   Necessity  had  caft  ,,/^y^<^ 
**  them  upon  it,  he  fhould  pray  God  to  blefs  their 
*'  Councils,  though  he  was  nor  provided  on  die  fudden 
*'  togivethcin  Advice."  Some  laid,  there  was  no  need 
to  bring  the  King  to  a  Trial  ;    others^   that   there 
was  no  Law  co  try  him,  nor  any  Judicatory  to  call 
him  to  Account  •,  but  all  this  was  over-ruled  ;  and 
becaufe  the   Lords    rcjccled    the  Ordinance  for   the 
King's  Trial,  Lord  Clarendon  tells  us,    they  fliut  up 
their   Doors;    but   Mr.  IVhitlock  fays,    they  enccr'dF"  3*^"^^ 
their  Houl'e,  and  pad  feveral  Ordinances,  but  that  ■ 
the  Commons  would  not  own  them  any  longer.  Thus 
the  Conditution  v,'as  dillolved,  and  the  whole  Legifia- 
ture  brought  under  the  Power  of  the  Sword. 

Tho'  iome  few  Petitions  had  been  procured  from  di-ro/r?  cfths 
vers  Counties,  and  even  from  the  Common  Council  oi^''^">f' 
London^  that  Jujl'ice  might  he  done  upon  the  Author s^of 
cur  'Irouhles^  and  Bhodjhcdy  in. an  exemplary  JVav,  and 
without  rpfpe^  of  Perfons  ;  yet  the  Voice  of  the  Nation 
was  againll  it,  as  appears  by  the  Petitions  and  Prote- 
ftations  of  all  Orders  of  People. 

The  Prelatical  Clergy  lay  itill,  either  becaufe  ihey  c>-.  Gaa- 
could  not  affcrmble  in  a  Body,  or  becaufe  they  appre- ''''"  "^'^ 
hended  they  could  do  no  Service  by  appearinp  :   but    '■•-'"" 
Dr.  (jauden^  afterwards  Eiihop  or  Exeter^  pubhnied/),.<,/^/jf^, 
a  Proiejlaticn  agnin/i  the  declared  Purpofes  and  Proceed- Hon. 
ings  of  the  Arm";,  and  others,  about  trying  and  deflro'sin^' 
our  Sovereign  Lord  the  KiJig,  dated  January  5.  and  Jenc 
it  to  a  Colonel  to  be  preferred  to  Lord  Fairfax  at  the 
Council  of  War.     Dr.  tlauniiond  fent  an  humble  Ad- 
drefs  alfo  to  the  General  and  Council  of  fVar^  to  prez-ent 
the  horrid  D.fgn  of  pu'ttlr.i  the  King  to  Dfalh,  dateci 
Jan.  15.     Both  thefe   Papers  infiftcd  on  the  Divine 
Right  of  kingly  Governmrnr,    and  that  to    call  the 
King  before  the  Tribun.d  of  the  People  was  contrary 
to  the  Laws  of  tlie  Land.     I'he  famous  Mr.  Pr^snne, 
one  of  the  fecluded  Members,  publiflied  a  brirf  Me- 
M  tn  2  tncnto 


53^  7/6^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

^'^g    'menlo  to  the  prefent  unparliamentary  Jwito,  touching  their 
ar  es  iy^^j'^f^f  Intentions  and  Proceedings  to  depofe  and  execute 
^^./-Y^,  Charles  Stewart,  their  lawful  King  of  England, 
dated  from   the  King^s  Head  in  che  Strand,    Jan.   i. 
1648. 
AndoftU      The  Officers  of  the  Army   attempted   by  their 
'Whole  Bo-  Creatures  to  gain  over  the  London  Minifters  to  their 
Presbvte-  ^'*^^'    °^  ^^  ^^'^^  '•°  P'^^'^wade  them  to  a  Neutrality. 
than  Ajini-fi^-g^  P(^^^^^->  One  of  thcir  Chaplains,  was  fent  to  the 
Jiers  of     Remains  of  the  AJfemhh  of  Divines  at  IVeJlminfter  for 
London,    this  porpofe,   but  thev  declared  mianimoujly  for  the  Re~ 
leafe  cf  the  King.     He  then  invited  feveral  of  the  Lon- 
don  Minifbers,    as    Mr.   Marfoaly  Calam-j^  fVhi taker ^ 
Sedgivick^  Aflo^  &c.  to  a  Conf;!,rence  with  fome  Offi- 
cers of  the  Army,   upon   the  Subjfd:  of  the  coerci've 
Power  of  the  Magijtrate  in  Matters  of  Religion,  which 
was  nothing  to  the  prefent  Purpofe  ;   but  inftead  of 
meeting  them,  thefe  Divines  affembled  with  their  Bre- 
thren at  Sion  College,  who  publiffied  a  Paper,  entitled, 
A  ferious  and  faithful  Reprefentation  cf  the  Judgment  cf 
the  Miniflers  of  the  Gofpel  within  the  Province  of  Lon- 
don, whofe  Names  are  [ubfcnbed,  contained  in  a  Letter 
to  the  General,  and  his  Comicil  of  War,  delivered  to  his 
Eticelkncy  b^  fome  of  the  Si'.hfcribers,  Jan.  18.   1648. 

In  this  Addrefs,  after  giving  Reafons  why  they 
would  not  confult  with  the  Officers  upon  Matters  cf 
Religion,  they  complain  of  their  imprifoning  the 
Vol.Pamp.Members  of  Parliament  •,  "  We  remember  (  Hiy 
N*5i.  "  they)  that  when  the  King  with  a  Multitude  of 
"  armed  Men  demanded  but  a  fmall  Number  of  the 
"  Members  of  Parliament  it  was  deemed  an  unpa- 
"  rallei'd  Breach  cf  the  Privilege  of  Parliament,  and 
"  was  one  Reafon  that  an  Army  was  raifcd  by  tlieir 
»'  Authority,  and  for  their  Prefervation -,  but  that 
'*  this  very  Army  fhould  fo  far  exceed  that  A(5f, 
»*  which  was  then  efteemed  without  Parallel,  is  whac 
'•  we  could  not  believe,  had  not  our  Eyes  been  Wit- 
"  nefTesQfic! 

"  And 


Chap.  X.       of  the  FuRiTA^  s.  533 

"  And  though  both  Houfes  of  Parliament  faw  Rea-     ■K'»? 
"  fon  to  take  up  Arms  in  their  own  Defence,  and  in^^"'" 
♦*  Defence  of  the  Procellanc  Religion,  and  the  Fun- ^J-^/t^ 
*'  damenral  Laws  of  their  Country,  yet  this  cannot 
*«  be  pleaded  in  Jullification  ot  your  ufurping  an  Au- 
«'  thority  over  King  and  Parliament,  who  arc  but 
**  fo  many  private  Perlbns,  and  no  part  of  the  Le- 
«'  giflature. 

"  Moreover,  though  the  Parliament  took  up 
"  Arms  in  Defence  of  the  Laws,  it  was  never  rhnr 
*'  Intention  to  do  Violence  to  the  Perfon  of  the  Kuig, 
*'  or  diveft  him  of  his  Royal  Authority,  much  Iclb  to 
«'  overthrow  the  whole  Conftirurion. 

**  We  therefore  think  our  fclves  bound  by  our  Pro- 
*'  teftaiion,  and  by  our  Solemn  League  and  Coi-enant^ 
•'  to  appear  for  our  excellent  Conftitution  againfl  ar- 
"  bitrary  and  tyrannical  Power  in  the  King,  on  che 
"  one  hand,  and  againll  the  illegal  Proceedings  of 
*'  private  Peffons,  tending  to  funvert  the  Conllitu- 
"  tion,  and  introduce  Anarchy  and  Co>ifufton  on  rhe 
*'  ocher. 

*'  InRead  therefore  of  confuhing  with  you,   ■.  .  .  u- 
*'  neftly  entreat  you,  as  the  AmbafiTadors  of  Chriil, 
"  that  you  would  confider  of  the  Evil  of  your  prefen': 
"   Ways,  and  turn  from  them.  You  cannoc  but  l^now, 
»*  that  the  Word  of  God  commands  Obedience  ro  Ma 
*'  gillrates,  and  confonant  to  Scripture  this  hath  been 
"  me  Judgment  of  Proteftant  Divines  at  home  and 
"  abroad,   with  whom  we  concur  ;  difclaiming,  de-  > 
"  teO.ing,    and    abhorring  rhe  Pradlices  of   Jefuits, 
"  concerning  theOppofing  of  lawful  Magillra  es  by 
"  any  private  Perfons,  and  the  Murtheri?ig  of  Kings 
"   by  any,   though  under  the  moft  fjiecious  and  co- 
*'  lourable  Pretences.     Examine  your  Confcience??,  if 
*'  any  Number  of  Perfons  of  ditr'erent  Principles  from 
"   your   fclves,    had  invaded  the   Rights   of  P.irlia- 
*'  ment,  imprifon'd  the  King,  and  caiatd  i^.im  aliouc 
"  from    Place    to    Place,    and   atter^Red    tl.e   Dif- 
»'  foiution  of  the  whole  Governmei'^whtthLr  you 
M  m   -j  '*  would 


S],^  r^^^HISTORY         Vol.111. 

Kitig     «•'  would  not  have  charged  them  with   the  higheft 
Charles  I.e.   Crimes? 

^V^;^  '•  We  defire  you  not  to  infer  the  Juftice  of  your 
"  Proceedings  from  the  Succefs,  buc  to  diftinguifii 
*'  between  God's  Permiffion  and  Approbation,  and 
^'-  that  God's  fuffering  Men  to  profper  in  their  evil 
*'  Courfes  is  one  of  the  fevereft  Judgments  ;  the 
"  Providence  of  God  therefore,  which  is  io  often 
**  pleaded  in  Juftification  of  your  Actions,  is  no  fafe 
**  Rule  to  walk  by,  in  fuch  Atlions  which  the  Word 
*'  of  God  condemns. 

"  Nor  is  it  fafe  to  be  guided  by  the  Impulfes  of  the 
*'  Spirit^  when  they  are  contrary  to  the  written  Word 
*'  of  God  -,  we  are  to  try  the  Spirits,  and  to  have  re- 
*'  courfe  to  the  Law  and  the  Teftimony,  if  they 
**  fpcak  not  according  to  them,  there  is  no  Light  in 
*'  them. 

*'  If  you  plead  Ihcejjih^  for  doing  that  which  your 
*'  felves  conftls  to  be  irreguhir,  we  anfwer,  no  Ne- 
"  cefllty  can  obhge  Men  to  fin  ;  befides,  'tis  appa- 
"  rent,  you  were  under  no  Neceffity,  the  ParJiamcnt 
"  (till  torced  by  youj  being  full  and  fr-re  ;  befides, 
**  you  have  engaged  by  Oath  to  preferve  his  Maje- 
"  ily's  Perfon,  and  the  Privilt^ges  of  Parliament, 
*>  and  no  Necefiuy  can  juftify  Perjury,  or  difpenlc 
*'  wirli  lawful  Oaths. 

"  We  therefore  bef-ec!i  you  to  recede  from  th's 
*'  your  evil  Way,  and  learn  John  BajilijV?,  Ltffon  to 
'-^  Soldiers,  Do  Violence  to  no  Man^  ne'ilhsr  acciifi'.  any 
*'  Mcui  faijl)^  and  he  conie}it  ivith  -^our  IVagcs.  B'Jt  if 
"  you  perfift  in  this  Way,  be  fare  your  Sin  zv'iii  fnd 
"  you  cut.  If'our  Lxhortaticn  prevail  not  we  have 
*'  difcharged  our  Duty,  and  we  hope  delivered  our 
•^^  own  Souls.  If  it  be  our  Portion  to  fuffer,  as  we 
"■•  are  told,  we  trull  we  (hail  fuPfer  as  Chriftians  •, 
"  but  we  hope  better  Things  of  you,  and  fubfcribe 
"^'  GUI  klvCi^urSciviirits  in  ihc  Lord.'* 

^  James 


Chap.X.        of  the  Puritans. 

Jiinus   Nalcon  Pajlor  Fo' 

iler-lane, 
Tho.  Qiwcon  Sl  Bartho 

Jomew  Exchange, 
John  Fuller  Birtioplgare, 
Fran.  Roberts  St.  Auftin, 
W.  Jc^nkin  Chriit  Church, 
Elidad   Blaclcwel    Alhall. 

Undcrfhafr, 
William   Harrifon  Grace 

Ciiurch, 
John  Sheffickl  iS/.Swithin?, 
Match.  Haviland  Trinity, 
Geo.  Smaliwood  Pouicry, 
Will.    Taylor   Coleman 

ftreer, 
Chrill.  Love  Alderfgate, 
Rob.  Mercer  St.  Brdes, 
Iho.GatakerRotherhithe, 
Geo.  Walker  67.  J.  Evang. 
Arthur  Jacklon  M.VVood- 

Itreef, 
Char.Oirspring  St.  Antho 

lines, 
Hen=  Roborough  Eaft-ch. 
Nic.  Profct  Feller- lane, 
Tho.  Cafe  Milk-ftreer, 
Stanly  Gower  Ludga:e, 
Andrew  Jancway  Alnall. 

on  the  Wall, 
Sam.CiarkS'/.BenneL  Fink, 
Tho.CIendon  Alh.Barkin, 
JohnWale.S/.M.Cornhill, 
J  lines  Crawford  S/.Chrift. 


535 

Ralph  Robinfon  Pi7/7o^  5/.     K.n,g 

Mary  Woo!n  th,'  ^\\i^'x^  I. 

Will.  Blackmore  St.  Peter  Jf^ 

Cornhill, 
Fran.Ptck  5/. Nic.  Acorns, 
S[eph.  Watkins  St.  Saviour 

Souihwark, 
Will.  Wickers  5/.  Andrew 

Hubbard, 
John  Walks  Ironmonger- 
lane, 
Tho.  Manton  Stoke-New-, 

ingcon, 
Tho. Gouge  5"/. Sepulchres, 
Tho.  Watibn  Walhrook, 
Nath.  Scaniforth  5/.  Mary 

Boihaw, 
John  Halk   Al hallows  en 

the  Wall 
John  Glafcock  Sl.  Andrew 

Underfliaft, 
Tho.  Wharely  St.  Mary. 

Woolchurcli, 
Jacob  Tice  Biliingrgate, 
Jonat.  Loyd  Garlickhithe, 
John  Morton  Newingfon- 

Butcs, 
J  jfFiUa  Kirby, 
Arth.  Barham  St.  Helens, 
Benj.  Needier 5/.  Margarcc 

Moles, 
Jonn  Wells  5/. Olave  Jury, 
Rob.  Mathew  St.  Andrew 
Wardrobe. 


Notwithftanding  th  s  bold  Rerr.onft ranee,  the  Epif- 

ropal  Dv'nes  in  order  to  throw  offall  the  Guilt  of  the 

King's   Misfortunes  from   themfelvcs,   who  by  their 

reluluce  Behaviour  had  in  reality  reduced  him  to  the 

M  m  4  Ult 


5j6  t:^^  HISTORY  VoI.III. 

/'''J^'2  ^'lii  Extremitv,  refolved  to  fix  ic  upon  the  Trejby, 
'ibS>.  '^^^^^^'^^i  as  their  Succeflbrs  have  done  ever  fince. 
v/^/'-v^  Ic  was  therefore  given  ouc  among  [he  People,  that 
the  Prejh'^terians  had  brought  the  King  to  the  Block, 
^^"'■-f"''' and  chat  the  Independants  would  cut  off  his  Head, 
CiitioviT ''^^  wipe  away  ihis  Calumny  the  Prefbyterian  Cler- 
gy pabh'fiied  another  Paper,  entitled,  A  Vindkalion 
of  the  London  Minifters  J-/om  ibe  unjujt  Aji^erfions  cajt 
upon  their  former  Aotings  for  the  Fartiament^  as  if  they 
bad  prcmoted  the  bringirig  the  King  to  capital  Punifbment,  . 
Jc  v/as  addreffed  to  the  People,  and  after  they  had 
declared  over  again  their  Diflike  of  the  Proceed- 
ir5gs  at  fFcflminfier  againd  tiie  King,  they  conclude  in 
Words  to  this  Purpnfe,  *'  Therefore  according  to 
*•-  our  Covenant  we  do,  in  the  Name  of  the  great  God, 
*'  warn  and  exhort  all  that  belong  to  our  refpedlive 
''  Charges,  or  to  whom  we  have  adminifter'd  the 
'■^  faid  Covenant^  to  abide  by  their  Vow,  and  not  fuf- 
*'  fcr  themfclvcs  to  be  perfwaded  to  fubfcribe  [he 
*'  Agreement  of  the  People,  which  is  fubver- 
*'  five  of  the  prefent  Ccnftitution,  and  makes  way 
"  for  the  Toleration  of  all  Herefies  and  Blafphemies, 
«'  and  will  effed;ually  divide  the  Two  Kingdoms  of 
*'^  Ejigjand  and  Scotland.  We  earneftly  befeech  them 
""■  to  mourn  for  the  Sin^  of  the  Parliament  and  City, 
'-''  and  for  the  Mifcarriages  of  the  King  himfelf  in  his 
"  Government,  Vi-hich  have  cad  him  down  from  his 
'*  Excellency  into  an  horrid  Pit  of  Mifery  almofl: 
"^  bey  en  i  Example  ;  nnd  to  pray,  that  God  would 
'*  give  him  effeiftual  Repentance,  and  fanflify  the 
"•  bitter  Cup  of  Divine  Difplcafure  which  Divine 
-^  Providence  has  put  in'o  his  Hands ;  and  that  God 
"■  would  reilrain  the  Violence  of  Men,  that  they 
"  may  not  dare  to  draw  upon  ihemfelves  and  the 
«•'  Kingdom  ike  B^ood cf  their  Sovereign.** 

This  was  figncd  by  Fifty  feven  Miniflers,  among 
whom  were  [lie  lolluwing  Ninccec:\,  v;hofe  Names 
were  net  to  ihe  *ibove-mtnti'jncd  Reprefcntation. 

Corn, 


Chap.X.        of  the  Pu 

Corn.  Burges,  D.  D.  at  St. 

Paul';, 
Will.Gouge,Z).Z).  Black- 
friars, 
IZd m. Stanton,  Z).D.  King- 

Iton, 
The.  Temple,  D.  D.  Bac- 

terfea, 
Edm.  Calamy,  B.  D.  Al- 

dermanbury, 
Jer.  Whiraker  St.   Mary 

Magd.  Bermondfey, 
Dan.Cawdry  St.  Martin  i/i 

the  Fields, 
William  Spurftow,  D.D. 

Hackney, 


Charles  J. 
of    »648. 


R  I  TANS.  537 

Laz. Seaman  Bread-ftreef,    King 
Simeon  Afh  Baflifhaw, 
Tho.    Thoroughgood 

Cray  ford, 
Ed.  Corbet  Croydon, 
John  Viner  Ajdgatc, 
John  CrofTe  Friday-ltreer, 
Peter  Witham  6"/.  Alban 

Wood-ftreec, 
John    Siileman     Rother- 

hithe, 
Jofias  Ball  North  Grey, 
Jonathan  Devereux,  late  of 

St.  Andrew  Holborn, 
Paul  RufTel  Hackney. 


It  was  nor  pofTible  for  t^e  few  Independant  MiniJlersBehn-jiour 
in  Loudon  to  join  the  Prefbyterians  in  thefe  AddrefTcs,"/'*^ '°" 
(i. )  Becaufe  thev  were  not  poiTelTed  of  Parochial  Li-  /'P^"~ 
vings,  nor  Members  of  the  Provincial  AfTembJy  ofyoLPamp. 
London.,  nor  admicted  to  their  weekly  Confukations  atp.  io8. 
Sion  College,  but  were  a  Sort  of  Diffcnters  from  the 
publick  Eliabiifhment.     (2.)  Becaufe   they   did   not 
believe  themlelves  io  far  bound  by  the  Covenant  as  to 
oppofe  a  Toleracion,   nor  to  fupporc  any  Conllitution 
that  was  not  confiftenc  with  Chriftian  Liberty,  which 
the  Prejbyterians  would  not  admit.     None  of  their  Mi- 
nilltrs,  that  I  know  of,  declared  their  Approbation  of 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Council  of  Officers  in  the  Trial 
of  the  King,  except  Hugh  Peters^   and  John  Goodzvin 
the  Ann'utian.  Some  of  the  Independant  Mini/iers  in  the 
^"^ountry joined  the  Prefh\terian5  inproteflingngainft  it ; 
thofe  of  Oxford  and  Northampton  of  both  Denomina- 
tions pubiiihed  ihar  bumble  Advice  and  earnejl  Defire, 
prefented  to  General  Fairfax  and  the  Council  of  War, 
fan.  25.   fubfcribed  by  Nineteen  or  Twenty  Names, 
in  v/hich  they  declare  their  ut:er  D  fTent  from  all  Pio- 
cccdi^gs  againit  his  IN^ajelly's  Crown  and  Life,    as 

con- 


53S  rZ^^  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

KJng    contrary  to  Scripture,  to  the  Laws  of  the  Land,  the 

Charles  ^-Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  ?nd  tending  to  deftroy 
,^]l^^'    the  Corftitution,  and  involve  the  Nation  in  a  War 
v-^ry-w-  ^.  j^  ^j^^j^  Neighbours  —  They  exprefs  their  Diffent 
from  ine  late  Violence  upon  the  Parliament —  But 
wi'h  reference  to  Religion  they  fay,  "  l\hough  our 
*'  Souls  abhor  that  grand  Defign  of  the  Devil  and  his 
**   Agents  to  decry  ail  religious  and  zealous  Profeflbrs 
*'  under  the  Name  of  Se^aries  and  Independants,  we 
"  willingiv  grant,  and  heartily  defire,  that  the  Inte- 
"  refl;  of    11  godly  and  honeft  IVlen  may  be  carefully 
"  provided  for,    and  fecured,    as  far- as  is  confilienc 
''•  with  the  Word  of  God,    our  Covenant,   and  the 
"  publick  Peace  j  and  that  Men  of  different /ippre- 
*'  henfions  in  Matters  of  Religion  may  not  be  utterly 
"  uncapable   of    all  Offices    of   Power  and   Truft, 
"   though  we  cannot  agree  to  an  univerfal  Toleration.** 
They  conclude  with  beleeching  the  General  to  fufpend 
all  further  Profecution  againft  the  King,  and  to  en- 
deavour a  right   Underftanding  between  the  King, 
Parliament  and  Army  ;  but   if  they   cannot  prevail 
they  defire  to  wafh  their  Hands  of  the  Blood  of  their 
dread  Sovereign,  and   to  approve  themfelves  innocent 
of  all  that  Blood  and  Mifery  in  which  the  Depofing  ard 
taking  away  his  Majefly's  Life  will  involve  ihem,  their 
Pofterity,    and  all   Men  profcfling  Godiinefs  in  the 
Three  Kingdoms. 

It  mufl  be  confefTed,  the  Independants  were  a  Sort  of 

Maleccncents,  and  had  Reafon  to  be  difiatisficd  with 

the  Treatv  of  Newport,   becaufe  they   were  not  only 

Each .Hifi. excluded  ihe  new  EJiabliJhmenl,  but  debarred  of  a  To- 

P  654;     leraticn  *,  and  yer,  as  Mr.  Eachard  and  Dr.  Bales  the 

Elcnch.     Phyfician  obferve,  ieveral  of  ihem  join'd  with   their 

^raa'^^"' Brethren  in   declaring  againfl   the  Defign  of  pu:ting 

p.  lis.      the  King  to  Death,   in  their  Sermons  from  the  Pulair, 

in  Conferences,   Monitory  Letters,   Petitions,   Prote- 

flations,  and  publick  Remonftrances. 

judoftJ.e      Tht  Scois  Kirk,  by  their  Commililoners,  declared 

ScoLs.       and  procelled  againft  putting  the  King  to  Death,  as 

aiplo- 


'.  Chap. X.        of  tke  Vvi^iT  Aii  s.  539 

abloluteJy  jnconfiftenc  with  their  Solemn  League  and    King 
Covenant.     Thev  publi/hed  a  P/-o/c;y?rt//d?/?,  ci i reded  to  ^^*''''-*  r. 
tht  Miniftcrs  of  the  Province  of  London  meeting  ^^  \J^^r^ 
Siofi  Colitge,  Jan.  25.  164!.    with  a   Letter,  exhorc- 
my^  them  10  Courage  and  Conftancy  in  their  Oppofi- 
tion  to  the  Proceeding  of  the  Houfc  of  Commons, 
and  an  univerfal  ^7 deration. 

Sundry  f'-reign  Princes  and  States,  by  thfir  A n\- Proceedings 
bn.ffadors,  interceedcd  for  the  King  ;  fome  from  their"/*'^'*  -'^»■- 
Refpeit  to  his  Perfon,  and  others  from  a  Regard  to^Jj'" 
the  Honour  that  was  due  to  crowntrci  Heads,     Buc  lament. 
was  impoflible  to  ftop  the  imperuous  Wildfire  of  thcRapin, 
Army,    who  having  brought  the  King  from  ////r/?P' 56S. 
Cajile  to  0^'7;;i'/'3r  ob;ained  a  Vote  in  the  P.irliament 
("if  we  may  fo  call  ir)  that  all  Ceremonies  due  to  a 
cro'u;ned  Head  be  laid  a  fide  ;    and>then  came  ro  the 
following  Rcfolutions,  Jan.  4.  Fird,  'That  the  People 
under  Cod  are  the  Origvw.1  cf  all  jufr  Power.     Secondly, 
^hat  the  Haufe  cf  Commons  are  the  fupream  Power  of  the 
Nation.     Thirdly,  'That  "whatever  is  declared  for  Law 
by  the  Commcns  in  Parliament  is  valid  'bough  the  Confent 
of  the  King  and  Hoi/fe  of  Peers  be  net  had  thereto.     The  ^'^^  Kh^^s 
Houfe  of  Lords,  which  v;a^  reduced  to  Sixteen  Peers, ^'^''^^  ^"^ 
having   unan  mo;;!!/  rejetfted   the   Ordinance   of  the 
Commons  for  the  King*s  Trial,  and  adjourned  for  a 
Fortnight,    the  Commons    refolved    to  ad:  witl^.out 
them,    and    having    named  u  Comm.ittce  of  Thirt'y 
eight  Perfons  to  rtceivtr  Infcrmations,  and  draw  up  a 
Charge  ngainfl  the  King,  they  confli-utcd  a  High 
Court  of  Justice  for  his  Trial,    confiding  of  one 
Hundred   Forty  five  Perfons,  of  whom   Twenty  or 
more  might  proceed  to  Bufmefs  -,  but  not  abov,'  one  half 
would   be    ccmcerned  ;    Mr.  Serjeant   Eradjlmw  was 
Prefident ;     Mr.   Cook  Solicitor  General  ;    and  Mr. 
Steel,  Mr.  Doriflaus,  and  Mr.  Afke.,  v/tre  to  manage 
X.\\Q  Caufe.     The  Form  of   Procefs  being  fettled  by 
t'le  CommifTioners,    the  King,   who   had   been  con- 
ducted  to  Sr,  y^//7;t'j's,  Jan.  15.    ain^eared  b"fore  his 
Jjdges  in  IVefuniuf^er-Hall,  the  firlt  Time,  en  Satur- 
day 


^4o  77j^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  III. 

KiTig    day  Jan.  20.  when  being  feated  at  the  Bar  in  a  Chair 
Charles  I.Qf  Crimfon  Velvet,    and  covered,    as  were   all    his 
,^^"J^  Judges,  Mr.Cook  the  Solicitor  exhibited  a  Charge  of 
^^  High  Treafon  againft  him,  which  being  read,  the 
King,  inftead  of  pleading  to  the  Charge,  excepted  to 
the  Jurifdi6lion  of  the  Court,  which  was  over- ruled, 
the  Prefident  replying,    that  they  would  not  fufter 
their  Authority  to  be  difputed,  and  therefore  requi- 
red the  King  to  think  better  of  it  againft  Monday  ', 
but  his  Majelty  pd-fifting  in  his  Refulal  to  plead  both 
on  Monday  and  TuefJay^  the  Clerk  was  ordered  to  re- 
cord the  Default;    JVednefday  the  Court   fat   in   the 
Painted  Chamber^     and   examined  Witneffes  againft 
the  King  •,  Thurfday  and  Friday  they  confulted  how  to 
proceed  ;  and  on  Saturday  his  Majefty  was  brought 
the  laft  Time  to  the  Bar,    when  perfift;ng  to  difown 
the  Jurifdiftion  of  the  Court,  but  defiring  to  be  heard 
in  the  Painted  Chamber  by  the  Lords  and  Commons, 
his  Requeft  was  denied,  and  the  Prefident  pronounced 
Sentence  of  Death  againft  him  as  a  Traytor,   Fifty 
nine  being  prefent,  and  fignifying  their  Concurrence 
hy  Ji  an  ding  up^  as  had  been  agreed.     Sundry  Indigni- 
ties and  Affronts  were  offered  to  the  King  by  the  Sol- 
diers, as  he  paft  along  IVejbninfier-Ha'l^  but  the  tar 
greater  Number  of  People  pitied  his  unhappy  Condi- 
tion,    ^iiefdayjan.  30.  being  appointed  for  his  Execu- 
tion his  IVlajelly  was  offered  the  Affiftance  of  Mr.  Ca- 
lamy^  Vines^  Caryl^  Dell  and  Goodwin^  but  he  refuftd 
them,  and  chofe  Dr.  Jux'on^   Bifhop  of  London ,  who, 
according  to  Bifliop  Burnet^  did  his  Office  wich  fuch 
a  dry  Coldnefs  as  could  not  raife  the  Kind's  Devotion. 
On  the  fatal  Day  he  was  condufcedon  Foot  by  a  ftrong 
Guard  through  S:.Jamss*^  Park  to  a  Scaffold  erefted  m 
the  open  Street  before  the  Banqueting  Hou^e  at  iVbile- 
bail^  where  he  made  a  (hort  Speech  to  the  People,  in 
which  he  made  no  mention  of  the  Miftakes  of  his  Go- 
vernment, but  declared  himfelf  a  Martyr  for  tiie  Laws 
and   L,iber(ies  of   the    People;    afcer  which   he  laid 
down   his  Head  on  the  Block,    which   was  fcverM 

fiom 


'  Chap.  X.        o/"  //j^  P  u  R  I  T  A  «  s.  54 1 

from  hjs  Body  at  one  Blow  by  fome  bold  Executioner    King 
in  a  Malk,  in  the  Foriy  ninch  Year  of  his  Age,  and^''*''^"  r. 
Twenty  fourth  of  his  Reign.     His  Bc-dy  was  buried  ^1^+^ 
privately  at   IVindfor  Feb.   28th.   following,  without ^^'^'^ 
Ceremony,   and  wih  no  other  Infcription  on  the  Cof- 
fin, than  King  Charles,   1648. 

The  Reader  will  colled  the  Characfler  of  thisPrincej//j  cla- 
rather  from  the  foregoing  Hiftory,  than  from  the  (x-ra^ier, 
tyrical  Reflcdions  of  his  determined  Enemies,  or  the 
flattering  Encomiums  of  his  Friends  and  Admirers, 
who,  in  their  Anniverfary  Sermons,  have  almoft 
cquaird  his  Sufferings  with  thofe  of  our  bleffed  Savi- 
our. It  mufb  be  admitted,  that  King  Charles  I, 
was  fober,  temperate,  chafte,  an  Enemy  to  De- 
bauchery and  Lewdnefs,  and  very  regular  n  his  De- 
votions. But  ihefe  excellent  Qualities  were  lujiied 
with  fome  of  a  very  diiFerenc  Nature  j  his  Temper 
was  difcant  and  grave  to  a  Fauk  i  lit  was  far  from 
being  liberal,  and  when  he  befcowed  any  Favour  ic 
was  in  a  very  difagreeable  and  U'icourtly  Manner  ; 
his  Judgment  in  Affairs  of  Government:  was  weak, 
infomucii  that  he  was  always  under  the  Diredion  of  a 
Favourite.  In  his  Treat'es  with  the  Parliament  he 
v/as  chargeable  with  great  Infinceriry,  making  ufe  of 
doubtful  and  amb  guous  Terms,  the  Explication  of 
which  he  referved  for  a  proper  Time  and  Place.  Hecisrea^J. 
had  high  Notions  of  the  abfolute  Power  of  KinL'S,^>^i- 
and  the  unlimitted  Obedience  ofSubjeds;  and  tho*P*  450. 
he  was  very  fcrupulo'is  about  his  Coronation  Oath  with 
regard  to  the  Cburcb^  it  g  '.ve  him  no  troi;ble  with  re- 
gard to  the  La-u,s  and  Libfrues  of  bis  Suhji'Hs^  which  he 
Jived  in  the  conlbmt  Vio'auon  of  for  Fifteen  Years. 
He  was  a  perfed  Slave^to  his  Queen,  who  had  to© 
much  the  Dired,  '  A  ffair?  both  in  Churcii 

and  Stare  -,    n--  ,jre  u:iat  he  had  a  per- 

fed  Averf.on  u-  /j,  and.  leaned  fo  much  to 

the   Pomp  an.'  of    '       Ciiurrh   of  Romc^ 

that  though  h''  .    w;i>  for  tr.ecLJng' 

the  Papilb  h;'."  :;fhini^  one  motley 

Rch- 


542  The  nisro R Y       Vol. m. 

Kir.g    Religion  throughout  Greai  Britain,    in  which  both 
Charles  ^-X^arties  might  unite.     He  told  Dr.  Sanderfon,  that  if 
^i^t,^^^  God  ever  reHorcd  hini  to  his  Crown  he   would  ^o 
bare  Foot  from  the  lozver  of  London,  or  Whitehall,  to 
St.  Paul's,    by  way  of  Penance,    for  confenring  to 
the  Earl  of  Strafford's  Death,  and  to  the  Abolifhing 
of  Epifcopacy  in  Scotland,  and  defire  the  People  to 
intercede  with  God  for    his  Pardon,     Such  was  his 
Life  of     Majefty's   Superftition !    Upon   the   whole,     though 
Sander-     j^jrjg  Charles  I.  had  Virtues  enough  for  a  private  Gen- 
tleman, his  Foibles  were  fo  many  as  render*d  him  a 
very  weak  and  impolitick  Prince  •,  flirirom  appearing 
truly  Great  Jn  any  one  Scene  of  his  whole  Life  except 
Deteft.      the  laft.     Mr.  Coke  fays,  he  was  wilful,  and  impatient 
P-  3  3^*     of  Con  trad  id  ion  ;  his  Adlions  fudden  and  inconfiderate, 
and  his  Councils  withou;:  fecrecy.     He  would  never 
own  any  of  his  Irregularities  in  Government,  but  ju- 
ftified  them  all  to  his  Death.     If  any  gave  him  Ad- 
vice contrary  to  his   Inclination  he  would  never  be 
Friends  with  him  again.     He  was  unaffable,  and  dif- 
ficult of  Addrefs,  requiring  fuch  ftrain'd  SubmifTions 
.     as  were  not  ufual  to  his  PredecelTors.  The  Sincerity  of 
his  Promifes  and  Declarations  were  fufpefted  by  his 
Friends  as  v/ell  as  Eneniies,  fo  that  he  fell  a  Sacrifice  to 
his  arbitrary  Principles,  the  beft  Friends  of  the  ConjU- 
Mis  Life,  tijfion  being  afraid  to  truff  him.     Bifhop  Burnet  adds, 
P-  47'       «  That  he  afi'eded  in  his  Behaviour  the  folemn  Gravi- 
*'  ty  of  theCourtcf^p^z;/,  which  was  fullen  even  roMo- 
"  rofencfs  -,  this  led  him  to  a  grave  referved  Dcport- 
*'  ment,  in  which  he  forgot  the  Civilitirs  and  Alta- 
*'  bilities  which  the  Nation  naturaiiy  lov'd  -,  nor  did 
*'   he,  in  his  outward  Deporrment,   take  any  Pains  'o 
««  oblige  any  Perfons  whatfoever.  "  He  had   fucn  an 
*'   uncrracious  Way  of  fhewino;  Favour,  that  the  Mnn- 
*'  ner  of  befiowing  it  was  aln>olt  as  mortifying  as  the 
*'   Favour  was  obliging.     He  loved  high  and  rough 
■  "  Meafures,  but  had  neither  Skill  to  condudl  them, 
«»  nor  Height  of  Genius  to  manage  them.     He  ha- 
*'  ted  all  that  offered  prudent  and  niodcrate  Counfcls, 

"  and 


Chap.  X.        of  f  be  V  u  KIT  AN  s.  543 

•'  and  even  when  it  was  ncceflary  to  follow  fuch  Ad-     King 

*'  vices  he  hated  thofe  that  gave  them.     His  whole  Charles  r. 

*'  Reign,  both  in  Peace  and  War,  was  a  continued     ^^48- 

*'  Series  of  Errors,  fo  that  it  does  not  appear  that  he  '^^'V"'^^. 

*'  had  a  true  Judgment  of  Things.     He  was  out  of 

**   Mealure  let  upon  following  his  Humour,   but  un- 

"  rcafonabiy  feeble  to  thofe  whom  he  trufted,  chief- 

*>  ly  to  the  ^<eef!y  and  (it  may  be  added  alfo)   lo  the 

*'  clergy.     He  had  a  high  Notion  of  the  Regal  Pow- 

*'  er,  and  thought  that  every  Oppofuion  to  it  was 

»'  Rebeliton.     He  minded  little  Things  too  much,  and 

"   v/as  more  concerned  in  drawing  up  a  Paper  than 

''   in  fighting  a  Battle.     He  had  a  firm  Averfion  to 

'*  Poptry,  but  was  much  inclined  to  a  middle  Way 

'♦   between  Proteftants  and  PapiRs,  by  wiiich  he  lolt 

*'  one  without  gaining  the  other.     At  his  Death  he 

*'  fhewed  a   calm"  and    compofed     Firmnefs  which 

'*  arazed  all  People,    and  fo  much  the  more,  be- 

"  caule  it  was  not  natural  to  him,  and  was  there- 

"  fore  by  his  Friends  imputed  to  an  extraordinary 

"   Meafure  of  fupernatural  AfTiftance." 

After  his  Majefty's  Death  the  Epifcopal  Clergy  wjjjor^*. 
did  all  they  could  lo  canonize  him  for  a  Mar(.'fn\ 
they  printed  his  Savings ^  his  Pra-^jers,  his  MedJa^ions^ 
and  Forms  of  Devotion  under  his  Sufferings^  -wim  his 
Pi(5ture  in  the  mod  devout  and  heavenly  Pofture. 
His  Works,  confifting  of  fundry  Declarations,  Re- 
monftrances,  and  other  Papers,  have  been  printed  in 
a  moft  pompous  and  eleg.inc  Form  -,  among  which 
O/z^-isofvery  fufpecfted  Authority,  ifnotabfolutcly  fpu- 
rious,  I  mean  his  "£/«&>  Baix/A/y.)),  i.e.  Eikoon  BajUikey 
or  the  Pcrlraitv.re  of  bis  [acred  Majcfy  in  bis  Solitude  and 
Sufferings^  faid  to  be  written  with  the  King's  own 
Hand:  Ic  was  firft  printed  in  tiie  Year  1649.  and 
piffed  through  Fifty  Editions  in  divers  Lan^ruaofs 
within  Twelve  Months.  No  Book  ever  raifcd  liie 
King's  Reputation  fo  high  as  this,  which  obliged  the 
new  Ccuncd  of  State  to  employ  the  famous  iVlr,  Alilton 
to  deftroy  its  Credit,  which  he  attempted,  in  a  Tre.i- 
I  life 


544  TZ'^  H  I S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IIL 

Kini    tife  under  the  Title  of  ''Euauo  ka«V«?  \_Eikono  Clajlefe]  or 

Chailes  I.^j,  Anfwer  to  a  Book  entitled,  Eikoon  BafiHB,  printed 

^J^A^  by  Du  Garde,   1652.  but  the  Fraud  was  not  fully  dif- 

covered  till  fome  Years  afcer. 
'F./^twc   ^      The  Grounds  and  Evidences  of  the  Spurioufnefs  of 
B*cr'^/Jtw  j-|^ig  Book  are  thefe,   i.  T ha.t  hord  Clarendon,  in  hi3 
rSm-^  Hiftory  of  the  Grand  Rebellion,  makes  no  mention  of 
ance.         it.     2.  Bilhop  Burnet  fays,  the  Duke  of  ^V^,  after^ 
Vide         wards  King  James  II.  told  him  in  the  Year  1673.  that 
Bayle's  ^  ^h^  Book  called  Eikoon  Bafilike  was  not  of  his  Father's 
Dift.  Titje  \Yriting,  but  that  Dr.  Gauden  writ  it ;  that  after  the 
...  , -r     Reftoration,  the  Dodor  brought  the  Duke  o^  Somerfet 
p.  $1.   '  to  the  King  and  to  the  Duke  of  Tork,  who  both  af- 
firmed, they  knew  it  to  be  his  [the  Dodor's]  writing, 
and  that  it  was  carried  down  by  the  Earl  o{ Southamp- 
ton, and  fhewed  the  King  during  the  Treaty  of  iVd-zej- 
prt,    who  read  and  approved  it.     3.  The  Earl  of 
Anglefej  gave  it  under  his  Hand,  that  King  Charles  II. 
and  the  Duke  of  Tork  declared  to  him  in  the  Year 
1675.  that  they  were  very  fure  the  faid  Book  was  not 
written  by  the  King  their  Father,  but  by  Dr.  Gauden, 
Bifiiop  oi  Exeter.     4.  "Dr.  Gauden  \\\v[\{t\U  after  the 
•Reftoration,  pleaded  the  Merit  of  this  Performance 
in  a  Letter  to  Lord  Chancellor  H'^de,  who  returned 
for  Anfwer,  that  the  Particular  he  mentioned  [z.  f.  of 
his  being  the  Author  of  that  Bock],  was  communi* 
Gated  to  him  as  a  Secret  -,  I  am  forry  (fiys  his  Lord- 
fhipj  that  it  was  told  me,  for  when  it  ceafcs  to  be  a 
Crit.  Hift. Secret  it  will  pleafe  no  body  but  Mr.  Miitcn.     5..  Dr. 
p.  ipi'      Walker,  a  Clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  after 
invoking  the  great  God,  the  Searcher  of  PIcarts,   to 
witnefs  to  the  Truth  of  what:  he  declares,  fayp,  in  his 
Treatife  entitled,    A   true  Account   of  the  Author  cf 
Eikoon  B a fdikc,   *'  I  know  and  btrlicve  the  Bock  was 
"  written  by  Dr.  Gauden,    except  Chap.    16th   and 
"  24th.  by  Dr.  Duppa.     Dr.  Gauden  (fjys  he)  ac- 
Cric.  Hifl. "  quainted    mc  with    his    Dcfign,    and   (liewcd    me 
P.-  »^9'      "   the  Heads  of  feveral  Chapters,  and  fome  of  the 
c   \       "  Difcourfcs.    Some  Time  after  the  Kinj^'s  Death  I 


Chap.  X.        of  the  PvR  IT  AKs.  54^ 

**  afked  him,   Whether  his  Mnjefty  had  ever  fcen  the    Ki»g 
**  Book  ?   He  replied,  I  know  it  certainly  no  more^^^'^"  ^' 
"  than  you;  but  I  ufed  my  bed  Endeavours  that  l■'e^^J,.A^ 
"  might,   for  I  delivered  a  Copy  of  it  to  the  Marquis 
♦*  of  Hertford,  when  he  went  to  the  Treaty  of  the  Ijls 
"  o(  I'f^'igbt — '*     Dr.  G^r/^/tv;  delivered   the  M^.  to 
this  fValker,  and.  Walker  carried  ic  to  the  Prels  j    it 
was  copied  by  Mr.  Gijford^  and  both   the  Doctor's 
Son  and  his  Wife  afiirm,  that  they  believe  it  was  writ- 
ten in  the  Houfe  where  they  lived. 

Notvvithflanding  all  this  Evidence  Mr.  Archdeacon 
Eachard  fays,  the  Book  is  incnnteftably  the  King's ; 
and  Bifhop  Kennel  adds,  that  thofe  wijo  pretend 
Eikoon  Bafiiike  was  a  Sham  put  upon  the  World,  are  a 
Set  of  Men  that  delight  to  judge  and  execure  the  Roy- 
al Martyr  over  again  by  murdering  his  Name.  Dr. 
Hollhigiuortb,  Dtigdalcy  PFagstaff^e,  ind  others,  have 
endeavoured  to  invalidate  the  above-mentioned  Au- 
thorities, by  fhewing  that  Dr.  Gaudcn  was  not  car 
pable  of  writing  fuch  a  Bock  ;  but  furely,  the  Evi- 
dence already  produced  is  as  ilrong  and  convincing  as 
any  Thing  of  this  Nature  can  pofTibly  be. 

The  King's  Trial  and  Execution  in  fuch  an  iWto^^t Books  puh-  , 
and  unheard  of  Manner  ftruck  the  whole  Chr'lliun-'/''^  '"' 
World  with  Aftonilhment.     The   Prince  of  PFaies/"'^^'';  ,, 
then  in  Holland,    encouraged  the  learned  Salmnfius  to\l„'s 
write  a  Latin  Treatife,  entitle:!,  Befenjio  Regia,  or  a. Death. 
Defence  of  King  Charles  I.  dedicated  lo  his  Son  Charles  II. 
which  was  anfwered  by  Milton^  in  a   Book  enti;!ed, 
Defenfio  fro  Popuio  Argiicano,  or  a  Defence  of  the  Peo- 
ple of  England,,  writ  rn   an  elegant  but  fevere  Stile. 
This  Book,    fays    Mr.    Baylc,    made   the  Author's 
Name  famous  over  all  the  learned  Workl,     Anoiher 
Performance  appeared  about  the  fame  Time,  en  itled. 
Clamor  Regii  SLinguin'is  ad  Civlum  •,   or,  The  Cry  of  the 
King's  Blood  to  Heaven.     It  was  writ  in  Latin  by  P^'ter 
du  Moulin^  jun.   and  anfwered  by- Milfo't  in   tie  fa  Tie 
Language.     But  to  fatisfy  the  Englifh  Readt  r,  Mr. 
John  Goodzvin  publifh'd  a  fmall  Treatife,  which  he 

Vol.  in.  N  n  called 


546  r^^  H I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IIL 

King    Called  A  Defence  of  the  Sentence  faffed  upon  the  late  King 
Charles  l.^^  ^/^^  ^^gp,  Court  of  Jujlice  — —  wherein  the  Juftice  and 
^^^^.A^  Equity  of  the  [aid  Sentence  is  demonfiratively  ajferted,  as 
well  from  deaf  Texts  of  Scripture  as  Principles  of  Reafon, 
Grounds  of  Law^  Authorities  and  PreftdentSy  as  weUfo-- 
reign  as  domejlick  ;  a  very  weak  and  inconclufive  Per- 
formance !   for    admitting  our  Author's  Principles, 
that  the  Original  of  Government  is  from  the  People^  and 
that  Magiftrates  are  accountable  to  them  for  their  Admini- 
firation^  they  are  not  applicable  to  the  prefent  Cafe, 
becaufe  the  OfBcers  of  the  Army  had  neither  the 
Voice  of  the  People,  nor  of  their  Reprefentatives  in 
a  free  Parliament ;  the  Houfe  of  Commons  was  pur- 
ged, and  the  Houfe  of  Lords  quite  fhut  up,  in  order 
to  make  way  for  this  Outrage  upon  the  Conftitution. 
Our  Author  was  fo  fenfible  of  this  Objeftion,  that  in 
order  to  evade  it  he  advances  this  ridiculous  Conclu- 
p.  lo.       iion,  that  though  the  ere^ing  an  High  Court  of  Jufiice 
BY  THE  House  of  Commons  alone  be  contrary  to  the 
Letter,  yet  it  being  for  the  People*  s  Good  it  is  fujficient 
that  it  is  agreeable  to  the  Spirit  of  the  Law,    But  who 
gave  a  few  Officers  of  the  Army  Authority  to  judge 
what  was  for  the  People*s  Goody  or  to  aft  according  to 
the  Spirit  of  a  Law  in  contradidlion  to  the  Letter? 
This  would  expofe  every  Man's  Life  and  Eftate  to 
the  Will  and  Pleafure  of  the  moft  arbitrary  Tyrant, 
and  introduce  a  Rule  of  Govern7ncnt  fojuttly  complain- 
ed of  in  the  former  Part  of  this  Reign,  in  Oppofition 
to  a  Rule  of  Law.     The  Prefident  Bradfhaw^  in  his 
Speech  at  pronouncing  Sentence,  goes  upon  the  fame 
general  Topicks,  tiiac  the  People  are  the  Origin  of  Civil 
Power y  which  they  transfer  to  their  Magiftrates  un- 
der what  Limitations  they  think  fit,  and  that  the  King 
himfelf  is  accountable  to  them  for  the  Abufe  of  it ;  but  if 
this  were  true,  it  is  not  to  the  prefent  Purpofe,  be- 
caufe as  has  been  obferved,    the  King's  Judges  had 
not  the  Confcnt  of  the  People  oi  England  in  their  dif- 
fufive   or    colledive  Capacity.     His  Majefty's  own 
Keafcins  againll  this  High  Court  ofjufticey  which  he 

would 


Chap.  X.        of  the  Puritans.  547 

would  have  given  in  Court,    if  he  might  have  been     Kmg 
heard,  are,  in  my  Opinion,  a  fufficienc  Anfwer  to  all ^^^''-'^^  ^* 
that  can  be  faid  on  the  other  fide.  \^r\r>J 

"  —  Admitting,  but  not  granting  (fliys  his  Ma-^^^^*"^" 
"  jefty)  that  the  People  of  Efighwd's  CommifTion 
"  could  grant  your  pretended  Power,  I  fee  nothing 
*'  you  can  fhew  for  that,  for  certainly  you  never 
*'  afked  the  Queftion  of  the  Tenth  Man  of  the  King- 
*'  dom  ;  and  m  this  Way  you  manifeftly  wrong  even 
**  the  pooreft  Plough-Man,  if  you  demand  not  his 
•'  free  Confcnt  •,  nor  can  you  pretend  any  Colour 
"  for  this  your  pretended  Commifllon  without  Con- 
"  fenc  at  lead  of  the  major  Part  of  the  People  of 
**  England,  of  whatfocver  Quality  or  Condition, 
**  which  I  am  fure  you  never  went  about  to  feek,  fo 
"  far  are  you  from  having  it  —  Nor  mud  I  forget  the 
*«  Privileges  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  which 
*«  this  Day's  Proceedings  do  not  only  violate,  but 
*'  likewife  occafion  the  greateft  Breach  of  the  pub- 
*'  lick  Faith  that  I  believe  ever  was  heard  of,  with 
"  which  I  am  far  from  charging  the  two  Houfes 

"  ,  Then  for  any  Thing  1  can  fee,    the  higher 

*'  Houfe  is  totally  excluded  •,  and  for  the  Houfe  of 
"  Commons  it  is  too  well  known,  thar  the  major 
"  Part  of  them  are  detained,  or  deterred  from  filing 
"  —  And  after  all|||how  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
"  can  erecTb  a  Couri  of  Judicature,  which  was  never 
*'  one  it  felf,  as  is  well  known  to  all  Lawyers,  I 
•*  leave  to  God  and  the  Worl.l  to  judge  — '* 

King  Charles  therefore  died  by  the  Hands  of  Y\o- Anthvs  of 
lence,  or  by  the  Military  Sword,  afifumed  and  mans.- f^e  King's 
ged  in  an  arbitrary  Manner  by  a  few  defperate  Offi-^-^^^' 
cers  of  the  Army,  and  their  Dependants,  of  fundry 
Denominations  as  to  Religion,  without  any  Regard 
to  the  ancient  Conftitution  of  their  Country,  or  the 
fundaniental  Laws  of  Society -,    for  by  the  former, 
the  King  cannot  be  tried  for  his  Life  before  any  in- 
ferior Court  of  Juftice  •,  nor  could  they  feign  any  Pre- 
tence for  the  latter,    without  the  exprefs  Confent  of 
N  n  2  the 


S4^ 

Charles  I 

164^!. 


7he  HISTORY 


Vol.  III. 


of   the 

and  his 
Divnies. 
Wh  Mem 

P-  3  3/- 
Coke's 
Ceteft. 
P   53i> 

33-. 


C/  the 

IVcsbyic- 


the  Majority  of  the  Nation,  in  their  perfonal  or  re- 
■prefentarive  Capacities,  which  thefe  Gentlemen  never 
conluited.  But  finceall  Parties  have  endeavoured  to 
throw  off  the  Odium  of  this  Fad:  from  themfelves, 
it  may  not  be  improper  to  fet  before  the  Reader  the 
Sentiments  of  our  i>eft  Hiftorians  upon  this  Head, 
leaving  every  one  to  draw  what  Conclufion  from 
them  he  pi  cafes. 

No:  to  infift  upon  the  King's  fervile  Fondnefs  for 
his  Queen  and  her  Friends ;  his  refolute  StifFnefs  for 
his  old  Principles  of  Government  in  Church  and 
State  ;  his  untimely  and  ungracious  Manner  of  yield- 
ing to  what  he  could  not  avoid ;  his  diftant  and  relerved 
Behaviour  towards  thofe  that  were  only  capable  of  fer- 
ving  him,  and  his  manifeft  doubling  between  the  Par- 
liament and  Army,  which  fome  very  reafonably  appre- 
hend were  the  principal  Caufes  of  all  his  Misfortunes, 
Mr.  Whitlock  and  Mr.  Coke  lay  a  good  deal  of  Blame 
on  his  Majeily's  Chaplains  ;  the  latter  reproaches 
them  with  infifting  peremptorily  to  the  laft  upon  the 
Divine  Right  of  Epifcopacy  -,  and  th^  former  for  con- 
tinual VVhifpering  in  the  King's  Ears  the  Importance 
of  preferving  the  Revenues  of  the  Church  to  the  Ha- 
zard of  the  King  and  Kingdom  •,  and  furely  if  thefe 
warm  and  eager  Div'fnes  could  have  difintangled  his 
Majefty's  Confcienre  (whiojl  Mr.  IVbitlock  appre- 
'hends  was  not  fully  fatisfied)  as  foon  as  the  Cavaliers 
had  been  difperfed,  and  iht  Scots  beaten  out  of  the 
Field,  the  Mifchief  that  followed  might  have  been 
prevented.  I  will  not  take  upon  me  to  fay  how  far 
their  Influence  might  reach,  though  his  Majefly's 
profound  Deference  to  their  Judgment  was  notorious ; 
but  the  Convidlion  does  not  feem  impradicable, 
when  it  is  remember'd  the  King  was  of  Opinion,  that 
r^bat  he  yielded  through  the  Neceffjy  of  his  Affairs  ijuas 
not  binding  when  he  fhould  be  at  Liberty  •,  but  neither 
his  M.:jefty  nor  his  Clergy  forefaw  the  Event. 

Moft  of  the  Writers  on  the  King's  Side,  as  well  as 
the  Preachers  after  the  Refloration,  in  their  Anni- 

verfary 


Chap.  X.        o/'  /i&^  P  u  R  I  T  A  N  s.  549 

verfary  Sermons,  have  with  great  Ingratitude  charged    ^'"g 
the  Prejh^terians  with  bringing  the  King  to  the  Biock,^'^'^^^'^^^    ' 
contrary  to  the  ftrongeft  and  mofl  convincing  Evi-.^^^,-^ 
dence  •,  for  though  their  Stiffnefs  for  iUq  Divine  Right 
of  Pre/bytery,  and  their  Antipathy  to  Liberty  of  Con- 
fcience,  is  not  to  be  juflified,  yet  1  apprehend  enough 
has  been  faid  in  the  foregoing  Pages  to  vindicate  them 
from  this  unrighteous   Charge  •,    if  the  Zeal  of  the 
Prejhyterians  for  their  Difcipline  and  Covenant  was  cul- 
pable, the  Behaviour  of  the  King  and  his  Divines  in  the 
Oppofition  was  no  lefs  fo,    confidering  he  was  a  Pri- 
foner,  and  in  the  Hands  of  a  viclorious  Parliament  •, 
neither  Side  were  fenfible  of  the  Danger  till  it  was  too 
late,  hut  when  the  Storm  was  ready  to  break  over  their 
Pleads,  I  do  not  fee  what  Men  could  do  more  in  their 
Circumltances  to  divert  it,  than  thePreJlyterians  did  •, 
they  preached  and  prayed,  and  protefted  againft  it  in 
the  mort  publick  Manner  J  manyot  them  refigned  their 
Preferments  becaufe  they  would  not  take  the  Engage- 
ment to  the  new  Commonwealth  ;  They  groaned  un- 
der all  the  fucceeding  Changes  of  Government,  and 
bad  a  principal  Share  in  the  Reftoraiion  of  the  Royal 
Family  \u  the  Year  1660.   without  which  thefe  Anni- 
verjary  Dsclaimers  would  never  have  had  an  Opportu- 
nity of  pelting  them  with  their  Ecclefiaftical  Artillery 
as  they  have  done. 

The  foretnentioned  Writers,    together  with  Mr.of  thjn- 
RapiNy  in  his  late  Hiflory  oi  England^  load  the  Inde-^^^^'^^' 
pendants,  as  a  religious  Sed:,  with  all  the  Guilt  ofcut- 
ing  off  the  King's  Head,  and  with  being  in  a  Plot  from 
the  Beginning  of  the  Civil   War  to  deftroy  equally 
King,  Monarchy,  Epifcopacy,  and  Prefbyterianifm  i 
but  this  Writer  not  being  acquainted  with  their  reli- 
gious Principles  conftantly  confounds  the  Independanis 
with  the  Ar?ny,  which  was  made  up  of  a  Number  of 
Sectaries,  the  Majority  of  whom  were  not  of  that  di- 
flinguifhing  Character.     There  were  no  doubt  among 
the  Independants,    as   well   as  among  other  Parties, 
Men  of  Republican  principUs,  who  had  a  large  Share 
N  n  3  in 


Sso  The  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

Kwr    m  the  Reproach  'of  this  Day  •,  but  befides  what  has 
Charts  I.  been  obferved,  of  feme  of  their  Number  joining  wich 
,^  ^^  the  Prcjhperians'm  protefting  againft  putting  the  King 
to  Death,  the  Divines  of  this  Perfwafion  had  no  D,fte- 
rence  with  the  Prr/byterians,  or  moderate  Epfcopalians^ 
about  Forms  cf  Civil  Government  •,  the  Officers  would 
have  contribured  their  Part  toward  Reftoring  his  Ma- 
jcfty  to  his  Throne,  when  he  was  with  the  Army,  up- 
on more  equal  Terms  than  fome  others,  if  they  had 
not  difcovered  his  Dcfigns  lo  deftroy  them  when  it 
iliould    be    in    his   Power.     In    their   laft    Propofi- 
tions  they    confenred    to  the    Reftoring    the   King 
upon  the  Foot  of  a  Toleration  for  themfelves  and 
the  Epifcopal    Party  j    leaving  the  Prefb-jteriatts   in 
pofTefllon  of  the  Eftabiifiiment.     Bcrh  IVkitlock  and 
IVelwood ohitrvQ^  that  at  the  very  Time  of  the  King's 
Trial  the  prevailing  Parly  were  not  determined  what 
Mem.       Form  of  Government  to  fei  up,    "  Many   having 
p.  (/9.       "  Thoughts  of  making  the  Duke  ofGlouceJler  King  ;** 
which   his   Majefty    being   informed  of,    foibid  the 
Duke,    in  his  laft  Interview,    ro  accept  the  Crown 
while  his  elder  Brothers  were  living.     And  though 
i    p. ^63.      Mr.  Rapin  hys^  that  after  the  Force  put  upon  tiie 
'  Members  of  Parliament  on  the  6th  and  yrh  of  Z)ff<fr«- 

bery  the  Hoiife  confified  of  none  but  Independant  Mem- 
bers, 'tis  certain  to  a  Demonftration,  that  there  were 
then  left  in  the  Houfe  Men  of  all  Parries,  Epifcopa- 
lianSy    Prefhylerians,    hdependants,    AnahaptijJsy    and 
others  ;  fo  little  Foundation  is  there  for  this  Writer's 
Conclufiorf,  thdt  the  Independants,  and  These  only, 
put  the  King  to  Death. 
Sentiments     ^^-  Lewis  du  Moulin,  iHiftory  ProfefTor  in  Oxford, 
cfDr.Du  who  lived  through  thefe  Times,    fays,    *' That  no 
Moulin.     «<  Party  of    Men,    as  a  religious  Bt^dy,    were  the 
Vino.Prot.K  Adors  of  this  Tragedy,  but  that  it  was  the  Con- 
Rehg.       ci  trivance  of  an  Army,  which,  like  that  of  King 
^n,^       "  DiJ-jy/^i's  in  the  Wildernefs,  was  a  Medly  or  Col- 
f  ledion  of  all  Parties  that  were  difcontented  ;  fome 
**  Ccurt'urs^  fome  Prefl^yterianSi  feme  Epifcopalians ; 

"  few 


Chap.  X.        of  the  VuRiT  AH  %.  55 1 

*'  few  of  any  Sedl,  but  moft  of  none,  or  elfe  of  the    i<-^"i 
"   Religion  oi' Tho.  Hobbes  and  Dr.  Scarborough  ;  not^^^^^'^'g  ^' 
**  to  mention  the  Papijts^  who  had  the  grcateft  Hand  t^^ryS^ 
"  in  it  of  all."     The  fame  learned  Profeflbr,  in  his 
Book    entitled,   TZ)f  Conformily   of  the    Independant 
Difciplifie  with  that  of  the  Primitive  Chriftians,  pub- 
lifhed  1 68a.  had  a  Chapter  entitled,  Jn  Jrijwer  to 
tbofe  who  accufe  the  Independants/cr  having  an  immediate 
Band  in  the  Death  of  King  Charles  I.  but  the  Times 
were  fuch  that  the  Author  was  advifed  not  to  pub- 
Jilh  it. 

Mr.  Baxter  fays,  "  Many  that  minded  no  fide  in  of  ;«»■. 
*'  Religion  thought  it  was  no  Policy  to  triift  a  con-^^^^"; 
*'  quer'd  King,  and  therefore  were  wholly  for  a  Par-J^.'J''^"^ 
*«  liameniary  Government  without  a  Kihg  i  of  thefe  '^'.^ 
*'  (fays  he)  fome  were  for  an  Arifiocracy^  and  others 
*'  for  a  Democracy^  and  fome  thought  they  ought  to 
*'  judge  the  King  for  all  the  Blood  that  had  been 
*'  fhed  ;    the   Vani/ls,    the  Independants,    and  other 
"  Se(5ts,  with  the  Democratical  Party,  being  \tk  by 
"  Cromwell  to  do  the  Bufinefs  under  the  Name  of  the 
*'  Parliament  o^ England" 

Bifliop  Burnet  fays,  that"  Ireton  was  the  Perfcn^/'   Bur- 
*'  that  drove  it  on,  for  Cromwell  was  all  the  while  in"'^;* 
"  fufpenfe  about  it  •,  Ireton  had   the  Principles  and^y    '^ 
"  Temper  of  a  Caffius,    he  ftuck  at  nothing  thatyj^^j^ 
"  might  turn  England  into  a  Commonweahh  •,  Fairfax\o\.  r. 
*'  was  much  diflrafled  in  his  Mind,  and  changed  Pur- p.  4^',  47' 
"  pofes  every  Day  ;  the  Prefbyterians,  and  the  Body  of 
*'  the  City  were  much  againjl  it,  and  were  every  Dayfaji- 
*'  ing  and  praying  for  the  King*s  Prefervation,  There  were 
"  not  above  eight  Xhoufand  of  the  Army  about  the 
*'  Town,  but  thofe  were  the  moft  engaged  in  Enthu- 
*'  fiafcn,  and  were  kept  at  Prayer  in  their  way  almofl 
*'   Day   and   Night,    except  when   they  were   up^n 
*'  Duty,  fo  that  they  were  wrought  up  to  a  pitch  of 
"  Fury  that  ftruck  Terror  int6"all  People." 

Mr.  Eachard,  -and  fome  others,    are  of  Opinion, of  de\*ii- 
thu  great  Numbers  o^  P apt/is,  under  hopes  of  Li-P*''*- 
N  n  4  berty 


55^  .r;6(?  HISTORY  Vol.III. 

^irig    berty  of  Confcience,    or  of  deftroying  Epifcopacy, 
^^i"'"  ^'joined  with  foreign   Pr lefts  and  Jefuits   againft  the 
v,/-V-0  King.     The  celebrated  Author  of  Poxes  and  Fire- 
Parr  HI.    brands  has  this  remarkable  PalTage  ;  "  Lee  all  true 
p,  i88.     "  Proteftant<^,  whodefire  fincerely  to  have  an  happy 
*'  Union,  recoiled:  what  a  Blemilh  the  Emiffaries  of 
"   Rome  have  caft  upon  thofe  Proteftants  named  Pref- 
*'  b)terian  2Lnd  Independant,  Rome  hying  the  Prf/bjte' 
*'  m;?j  brough'  Charles  theFirfl's  Head  to  the  Block, 
*'  and  Independants  cut  it  off;  whereas  it  is  certaiuy 
*'  that  the  Members  and  Clergy  of  Rome,  tinder  dijjent' 
"  ing   Shapes,    contrived    this-  Murder.     Nay ,     the 
*'  good   King  himfelf  was  informed,    that  the  Je- 
*'  luits  in  France,  at  a  general  Meeting,  refolved  to 
"  bring  him  to  Juftice,  and  to  take  off  his  Head  by 
3b.  p.  168,"  the  Power  of  their  Friends  in  the  Army."     Bilhop 
169.         Bramhall,    in  a  Letter  to  Archbifl:iop  UJher,  dated 
July  20.   1654.  adds,    **  Thiis  much  to  my  Know- 
"  ledge  have  I  feen  and  he'ard,  fince  my  leaving  your 
«'  Lordfiiip,  v.'hich  I  my  felf  could  hardly  have  cre- 
"  dited  had  not  mine  Eyes  feen  fure  Evidence  of  the 
*'  fame  (viz.)  that  when  the  Romijh  Orders  which 
*'  were  in  difguife  in  the  Pariiame.Tt  A^rmy  writ  to 
"  their  feverai  Convents,  and  efpecially  to  the  Sor- 
^'•bomflsy  about  the  Lawfulnefs  of  taking  away  the 
"  King's  Life,  it  was  returned  by  ihtSorbomJis,  that 
«'   it  was  lawful  for  any  Roman  Catholick  to  work  a 
*'  change  in  Governments  for  the  Mother  Church's 
^'  Advancement,  and  chiefly  in  an  heretical  Kingdom, 
KeccfT.      "  and  fo,  lawful  to  make  away  with  the  King.'*  Mr. 
Vind.       Prynne  adds,  "  That   Mr,   Henry  Spot/wood  faw  the 
P'4^       ft  Queen's    Confeffor    on    Hprfeback    among    the 
"  Crowd  in  the  Habit  of  a  Trooper,  with  his  drawn 
**  Sword  fiourifliing  it  over  his  Head  in  Triumph, 
**  as  others  did,  when  the  King's  Head  was  juft  cut- 
?'  off  J  and  being  afked  how  he  could  be  prefent  at 
"  fo  fad  a  Spectacle,    anfwered,  there  were  above 
*'  Forty  more  Priefts  and  Jefuits  t-here  befides  hmi- 
'*  k\f^  and  when  the  fatal  Blow  was  given  he  flou- 

"  riflied 


Chap.X.        of  the  FvRiTAas,  553 

•'  rifhed  his  Sword  and  faid,  Now  the  greatell  Enemy     Kwg 
•*  we  have  in  the  florid  is  dead."     But  this  Story  does^^*'"'^*  ^' 
not  feem  to  me  very  probable,  nor  is  it  eafy  to  be-  v^-^J^ 
lieve  that  the  Papifts  fhould  triumph  in  the  Death  of^^^  ^^^ 
ja.  King  who  was  their  Friend  and  Protedor  in  Profpe-pire- 
rity,  and  whofe  Sufferings  are  in  a  great  Mea lure  brand, 
chargeable  upon  his  too  great  Attachment  to  their  ^^^"^  ^^« 
Interefts.  P'  ^'^• 

But  the  flrongeft,  and  moflauthentick  Tefl:imony,5f»//W»// 
■is  the  Aui  of  Attainder  of  the  King*s  Judges  at  the  Re[lora-°f  *^^  ^»- 
tion  of  King  Charles  II.  the  Preamble  to  which  fets^^';.j;^^^ 
forth,  "  That  the  execrable  Murder  of  his  Royal  Fa-^^^^,^^ 
*«  ther  was  committed  by  a  Party  of  wretched  Menu  Car. II, 
**  defperately  wicked,  and  harden*d  in  their  Impiety^chap.  30. 
*'  who  having  iirft  plotted  and  contrived  the  Ruin  of 
«'  this  excellent  Monarchy,   and  with  it  of  the  true 
"  Proteftant  Religion,  which  had  long  flourifhed  un- 
♦*  der  it,  found  it  neceflary,    in  order  to  carry  on 
"  their  pernicious  and  Craiterous  Defigns,  to  throw 
**  down  all  the  Bulwarks  and  Fences  of  Law,  and 
*'  to  fubvert  the  very  Being  and  Conftitution  of  Par- 

*'  liamenc And  for  the  more  eafy  effeding  their 

"  Aicempcs  on  the  Perfon  of  the  King  himfcif,  they 
"  fin^  feduced  feme  part  of  the  then  Army  into  a  Compli' 
*■*■  ance^  and  then  kept  the  refi  in  fubje^fion  partly  for  hopes 
*'  of  Preferment^  and  chiefly  for  fear  of  locfing  their  Em- 
"  ployments  and  Arrears,  till  by  thefe,  and  other  more 
**  odious  Arts  and  Devices,  they  had  fully  ftrength- 
"  ned  themfelves  in  Power  and  Fa(5]:ion  •,  which  being 
*'  done,  they  declared  againft  all  manner  of  Treaties 
'^  with  the  Perfqn  of  the  King,  while  a  Treaty  with 
"  him  was  fubfilling  -,  they  remonftrared  againft  the 
"  Parliament  for  their  Proceedings ;  they  leized  up- 
♦'  on  his  Royal  Perfon  while  the  CommilTioners  were 
"  returned  to  London  with  his  Anfwers,  which  were 
"  voted  a  fufficient  Foundation  for  Peace  ;  they  then 
"  fecluded  and  imprifoned  feveral  Members  of  the 
.*'  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  then  there  being  left  but  a 
f^  fmall  Number  of  their  own  Creatures  (net  a  tenth  Part 
~  ■  "0/ 


554 

King 

Charles  I. 

1648. 


T/^^  HISTORY  Vol. III. 

ofihe  Whole)  they  Jhelter^d  them/elves  under  the  Name 
and  Authority  of  a  Parliament^  and  in  that  Name 
prepared  an  Ordinance  for  the  'Trial  of  his  Majefty  \ 
which  being  rejedbed  by  the  Lords  they  pafled 
alone  in  the  Name  of  the  Commons  of  England^ 
and  purfued  it  with  all  poflible  Force  ana  Cruelty 
till  they  murdered  the  King,  before  the  Gates  of  his 
own  Palace.  Thus  (fay  they  j  the  Fanatick  Rage 
of  a  few  Mifireants,  who  were  neither  true  Prote- 
itants  nor  good  Subjeds,  ftands  imputed  by  our 
Adverfaries  to  the  whole  Nation  ;  we  therefore  re- 
nounce, abominate,  and  proteft  againft  it  — " 
If  this  be  a  true  State  of  the  Cafe  it  is  evident,  that 
the  King*s  Death  was  not  chargeable  upon  any  reli- 
gious Party,  or  Se6t  of  Chriftians,  as  fuch  ;  nor  up- 
on the  People  of  England  affembled  in  a  free  Parlia- 
ment, but  upon  the  Council  of  Officers  and  Agitators^ 
who  being  made  defperate  by  the  reftlefs  Behaviour  of 
the  Cavaliers,  and  ill  Conduct  of  the  feveral  Parties 
concerned  in  the  Treaty  of  Newport,  plotted  the  Dc" 
ftrudion  of  the  King  and  Conftitution,  and  accom- 
plilhed  it  by  the  Power  of  the  Sword ;  that  it  was  but  a 
imall  Part  of  the  Army  that  were  feduoed  into  a  Com- 
pliance, and  thefc  kept  the  reft  in  Subjection  till  the 
others  had  executed  their  pernicious  Purpofes ;  fo 
that  though  the  Wifdom  of  the  Nanon  !,as  thought 
fit  to  perpetuate  the  Memory  of  this  unhappy  Day 
by  an  Anniverfary  Faft,  as  that  which  may  be  in/iru^ 
^ive  both  to  Princes  and  Suhje£is,  yet  if  we  may  believe 
the  Declaration  of  his  Majefty  at  his  Trial,  or  the" 
Ad:  of  Parliament  that  reftored  his  Succeffor,  the 
putting  the  King  to  Death  was  not  the  A6t  of  the 
People  of  £«g/<3/;^,  nor  of  their  legal  Reprefentatives, 
and  therefore  ought  not  to  be  remember*d  as  a  Nar 
cional  Sin. 

7'he  End  of  the  I'hird  Volume. 


APPEN. 


APPENDIX. 


Numb.   I. 


THE  ARTICLES 

ARTICLES     Qj^^^^y  ^f  ^Enoland, 


Of  the 

Church  of  Enoland. 

ARTICLE  I. 

0/  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trivity. 
5?'^^^  H  E  R  E  is  but  One  li- 
Ck  -p  2^  ving  and  true  God, 
»^  f^  everkfting,  without 
^^^  Body,  Parts,  or  Paf- 
fions;  of  infinite  Power,  Wif- 
dom,  and  Goodnefs,  the  Maker 
and  Preferver  of  all  Things  both 
vifible  and  invifible.  And  in  Uni- 
ty of  this  Godhead  there  be 
Three  Perfons,  of  one  Subftance, 
Power,  and  Eternity,  the  Fa- 
ther, the  Son,  and  the  Holy 
Ghoft. 

15.  Jam.  I.  17.  '^Jer.  32.  17,  27. 
•'Pfal.  1 19.  68.  with  Mat.   19.   i 

16,  17.   Chap.  28.  19.    I  John  4. 


Rcvifed  and  Alter'd  by  the 
Jlffemhly  of  liimneSy  at 
Wejlminfter  in  the  Year 
1545.  with  Scripture  Re- 
ferences. 

ARTICLE  L 

Of  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity. 
^^^^>gHERE  is  but  3  One afa.46.9- 
^    T  ^  living  and  true  God  *",  i  Cor.  8. 

everlaltingS  without  4,6.  ^'Jer. 

Body,  Parts '^,  orPaf-  10.  10. 
lions  *,  of  infinite  Power  ^,  Wif-  i  Thef.  i . 
dom  s,  and  Goodnefs  ^  j  the  Ma-  9.  "^  Pfal. 
ker  and  Preferver  of  all  Things  90.  2. 
both  vifible  and  invifible '.    And  Rom.  16. 
in  Unity  of  this  Godhead  there  26.  '  Deu. 
be  Three    Perfons  of  one  Sub- 4.  15,16. 
ftance,    Power,    and    Eternity  ;  Joh.  4.24. 
the  Father,    the  Son,    and  the  with  Luke 
Holy  Ghoit  'S  24.  39. 

'  Afts  1 4. 
Mar.  10.  27.  spfal.  147.^.  P,.om.  11.33. 
7.  'Neh.  9.6.  Col.  1.16,  17.  ''Mat.  3. 
7.  2  Cor.  13.  14. 


ARTICLE 


556 


APPENDIX. 


Ai-ticles  re'vifed. 


ARTICLE   II. 

Of  the  Wcrd,  or  Son  of  God,  nvh'uh 
nvas  made  ^ery  Man. 
The  Son,  which  is  the  Word 

of  the  Father,  begotten  from 
'Prov.  8.  everlafting  of  the  Father',  the 
22  —  31.  very'"and  eternal  G  od  '\  of  one 
Joh.  1 .  1 2,  Sub  fiance  with  the  Father  ",  took 
14.  Man's  Nature  in  the  Womb  of 

^  I  John  the  blefled  Virgin,  of  her  Sub- 
5.  20.  fiance'';  fo  that  two  whole  and 
Rom.9.5.  perfeft  Natures,  that  is  to  fay, 
*'John  1 7.  the  Godhead  and  the  Manhood, 
5 .  Hebv  were  joined  together  in  one  Per- 
1.8.  with  fon,  never  to  be  divided,  where- 
Pfal.45.6.of  is  one  Chriil,  very  God  and 
"John  lo.vgry  Man  ',  who  for  our  fakes 
:^o.  Heb.  truly  lufFered  moll  grievous  Tor- 
I.  5.  ments  in  his  Soul  from  God'", 

P  John  I .  was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried ' , 
14.  Ifa.  y.to  reconcile  his  Father  to  us*^, 
.14.  Luke  and  to  be  a  Sacrifice,  not  only 
I.  35.  for  original  Guilt,  but  alfo  for 
Gal.  4.  4.  aftual  Sins  of  Men  *'. 
*5lfa.7.!4. 

uith  Mat.  I.  23.  Rom.  i.  3,4.  Heb.  13.8. 
34.  *i  Pet.  2.  24.  Phil.  2.  8.  I  Cor.  15.  3 
2  Cor.  5.12.  ^  Ifa.  53.  10.  Eph.  5.  2.    i 

ARTICLE  III. 
As  Chrifl  died  for  us,  and 
was  buried,  fo  it  is  to  be  belie- 
'"  PfaJ.iD.  ved  that  he  continued  in  the 
lo.  with  State  of  the  Dead,  and  under  the 
Ads  2.24,  Power  and  Dominion  of  Death  '■\ 
25,26,27,  from  the  Time  of  his  Death  and 
3*'  Burial   until  his  Refarreflion '^  ; 

^  Rom.  6,  which  hath  been  otherwife  expref- 
<).  vlat.  i'cd  thus,  He  ~zvent  dov:n  v:fo  He//. 
12.  40. 

ARTICLE   IV. 
Oft/je  Refuneaion  of  Chylft. 
Chrifc  did  truly  rife  again  from 
Death  > ,  and  took  again  his  Bo- 


Aiticles  oftlie  CJj.  g/^England. 

ARTICLE   IL 

Of  the  Word,  or  Son  of  God,  'vj/nch 
'v:as  made  aiery  Man. 
The  Son,  which  is  the  Word 
of  the  Father,  begotten  from 
everlafting  of  the  Father,  the 
very  and  eternal  God,  of  one 
Subllance  with  the  Father,  took 
Man's  Nature  in  the  Womb  of 
the  blefled  Virgin,  of  her  Sub- 
fiance  ;  fo  that  two  whole  and 
perfeft  Natures,  that  is  to  fay, 
the  Godhead  and  Manhood, 
were  joyned  together  in  one  Per- 
fon,  never  to  be  divided,  where- 
of is  one  Chrift,  very  God  and 
very  Man,  who  truly  fufFered, 
was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried, 
to  reconcile  his  Father  to  us,  and 
to  be  a  Sacrifice,  not  only  for 
original  Guilt,  but  alfo  for  all 
actual  Sins  of  Men, 


"■  Ifa.  53.  10,  II.  Mark  14.  33, 
,  4.  '  Ezek.  16.  63.  Rom.  3.  25. 
John  I.  7.  Heb.  g.  26. 

ARTICLE  III. 
Of  the  going  do-ivn  of  Chriji  into 
He//. 
As  Chrifl  died  for  us,  and 
was  buried ;  So  alfo  is  it  to  be 
believed  that  he  went  down  into 
Hell. 


ARTICLE   IV. 

OfiI:>e  Refurreition  ofCkrifl. 
Chrifl  did  truly  nfe  again  from 
Death,  and  took  again  liis  Body, 
with  Flefh,  Bones,  and  all  Things 

Rom.   8.   1\--  Pfal-  16.  10.  v/ith  Afts  2.  51.  Luke*  24.  34. 

anrer.- 


>  I  Cor. 


dy,  with  Flefli,  Bones,  and  all 


APPENDIX. 


Articles  of  the  Ch.  ^^England. 
appertaining  to  the  Pcrfcftion  of 
Man's  Nature,  wherewith  he 
afcended  into  Heaven,  and  there 
fitteth,  until  he  return  to  judge 
all  Men  at  the  lall  Day. 


Pfal.  no.  I. 
Pfal.  no.  I. 
•^Exod.  3.6. 
end  :  John  5 


with  A£ts  2.  34,  35. 
with  I  Cor.  15.  25,  26 
with  Luke  20.  37,  38 
28,  29. 


SS7 

jirtkles  renjifeJ. 
Tilings  appertaining  to  the  Per- 
fcdtion  of  Man's  Nature  '-,  where-  ^  Luke 
with  he  afcended  into  Heaven,  24,  39. 
and  there  fitteth  ^,  until  he  re-  with  John 
turn  to  judge  ^  all  Men  "^  at  the  20.25,27. 
general  Refurredion  of  the  Body'' Pfal.  68. 
at  the  laft  Day ''.  18.   with 

Eph.  4.  8. 

Mar.  19.  10.     Rom.  8.  34.    ^A61:s3.  21. 

Afts  1 .  1 1 .   <^  2  Cor.  5 .  20.  Ads  17.  31. 

Ads  24.  14,  15.   I  Cor.  15.  12.    to  the 


ARTICLE  V. 
Of  the  Holy  Ghoji. 
The  Holy  Ghoft,  proceeding 
from  the  Father  and  the  Son,  is 
of  one  Subftance,  Majefty  and 
Glory,  with  the  Father  and  the 
Son,  very  and  eternal  God. 


ARTICLE   V. 

Of  the  Holy  Ghoji. 
The  Holy  Ghoft  is  very  and 
eternal  God,  of  one  Subftance  ^,  '  2  Sam. 
Majefty*',  and   Glory  with  the  23.  2. 
Father  and  the  Son  s,  proceed-  with  verfe 
ing  from    the   Father  and   the  3.  Ifa.  6,^ 
Son'".  5,  8.  with' 


12.  II. 


I.  17. 


25.    Ads  5.  3,  4.     I  Cor.  3.  16.     I  Cor.  6.  19. 

I  Cor.  1 2th  Chap.  Mat.  28.  19.   2  Cor.  13.  14.  s  1 

and  I  Cor.  2.  8.  with  i  Pet.  4.  14.  ^  John  15.  26.  Mat.  lo.  20.  and  i  Cor. 

2.  II,  12.  with  Gal.  4.  6.  and  Rom.  8.  9.  andPliil.  1.9.  John  16.  14.  Ifa. 


•■Job  26 
[  Cor. 

Mat. 


Ads  28. 
Job  33.  4. 
Eph. 


1 1 


2.  Ifa.  61.  I.   Gen.  1.2.   cChron.  ic.  i, 


ARTICLE  VI. 
Of  the  Sufficiency  of  the  holy  Scrip- 
tures for  Salavat  1071. 
Holy  Scripture  containeth  all 
Things  neceffary  to  Salvation ; 
fo  that  whatfoevcr  is  not  read 
therein,  nor  may  be  proved 
thereby,  is  not  to  be  required  of 
any  Man,  that  it  ftiould  be 
believed  as  an  Article  of  the 
Faith,  or  be  thought  requifite  or 
neceffary  to  Salvation.  In  the 
Name  of  the  lioly  Scripture  we 
do  unJcrftand  thofe  canonical 
Books  of  the  Old  and  New  l^e- 
ilament,  of  whofe  Authority'  was 
never  any  Doubt  in  the  Church. 


ARTICLE   VI. 

Of  the  Siifficicficyofthe  holy  Scrip- 
tures  for  Salvation. 

Holy  Scripture  '  containeth  all 
Things  necelTary  to  Salvation  'S 
fo  that  whatfoever  is  not  read 
tlierein,  nor  may  be  proved 
theieby,  is  not  to  be  believed  as 
an  Article  of  Faith,  or  necefl'ary 
to.Salvation  '. 

By  the  Name  of  holy  Scrip- 
ture we  undcrfland  all  the  Cano- 
nical  i]of)ksof  the  Old  and  New 
Tellarncnt,  which  follow. 


with  vsr.  20,  2;-.   Gal.  i.  8,9.   Jcl.n  5.  39. 


'  Rom.  I. 
2.  2  Tim- 
s' 15- 
2  Pet.  r . 

20,  21. 
1^  Pfal.  19. 
7.  2  Tim. 

3-  15' '6^ 
17.  Jam. 
I.  21,  25. 
Ads  20. 
32.  Prov. 
3D.  5,  6. 
Jfa.  8.  20. 
Ads  26. 

Or' 


«8 


APPENDIX. 


Articles  re'vifed. 

Of  the  Old  Te-  Of  the  Neijo  Te- 

jlatnenty  Jiament, 

Genefis,  The  Go/pel  of  St. 

Exodus,  iffc.  Matthew,  ^c. 

All  which  Books,  as  they  are 
commonly  received,  we  do  re- 
ceive, and  acknowledge  them  to 
be  given  by  the  Inrpiration  of 
God,  and  in  that  regard  to  be 
of  moil  certain  Credit,  and  high- 
eft  Authority. 


Articles  of  the  Ch.  ^England. 

Of  the  Nam-es  and  Number  of  the 

Canonical  Books. 
Genefis,  Leviticus, 

Exodus,  Numbers,  ^d 

And  the  other  Books  (as  Hie- 
rome  faith)  the  Church  doth  read 
for  Example  of  Life  and  Inftru- 
ftion  of  Manners ;  but  yet  doth 
it  not  apply  them  to  eftablilh 
any  Doarine:  Such  are  thefe 
following, 

7hirdofE(6x^s,    Book  of  Tobias, 
/c«r^/^o/'Efdras,  Judith,  ^c. 

All  the  Books  of  the  New  Te- 
ftament,  as  they  are  commonly 
received,  we  do  receive,  and  ac- 
count them  for  Canonical. 


ARTICLE   VIL 

Of  the  OldTeJlameftt. 
I'he  Old  Teftament  is  not 
contrary  to  the  New,  in  the  Do- 
™  Acts  26.  ttrine  contained  in  them"';  for 
21,  23.  both  in  the  Old  and  New  Te- 
2 Pet.  3.2.  ftament  everlafting  Life  is  ofFer- 
Luke  24.  ed  to  Mankind  by  Chrift  ",  who 
4A.  Rom.  is  the  only  Mediator  between 
3.3 1 . Gal.  God  and  Man  ",  being  both  God 
3.21,  23,  and  Man  p.  Wherefore  they  are 
24.  "^  Gen.  not  to  be  heard,  which  feign, 
3.  ic.  that  the  old  Fathers  did  lookon- 
Gen.  22.  ly  for  temporary  Promifes  '■. 
18.  with  Although  the  Law  given  from 
Gal.  3.  8,  God  by  Mofes,  as  touching  Cc- 
14.  1  Cor.  remonies  and  Rites,  do  not  bind 
10.  2,3,4.  Chriftians    J  '^°'"  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^' 

Luke  I.     cepts   given   by  Mofes,   fuch  as  ^  ^ 

69,  70.  were  peculiarly  fitted  to  the  Com-  yet  notwithftanding  no  Chri- 
A6IS3.24.  rr.onweakh  of  the  yfxtj,  are  of  llian  M&n  whatfoever  is  free 
Ifa.  53.  necefiity  to  be  received  in  any  from  the  Obedience  of  the 
Chap. 

Rom.  8.  34.     1  John  2.  !.    Heb;  7.  25.     i  Tim.  2 


ARTICLE  VIL 

Of  the  Old  Tcfia,nent. 
The  Old  Teftament  is  not  con- 
trary to  the  New;  for  both  in  the 
Old  and  New  Teftament  ever- 
lafting Life  is  offered  to  Mankind 
by  Chrift,  who  is  the  only  Me- 
diator between  God  and  Man, 
being  both  God  and  Man.  Where- 
fore they  are  not  to  be  heard 
which  fain  that  the  old  Fathers 
did  lock  only  for  tranfitory  Pro- 
mifes. Although  the  Law  gi- 
ven from  GOD. by  Mofes,  as 
touching  Ceremonies  and  Rites, 
do  not  bind  Chriftian  Men, 
nor  the  Civil  Precepts  thereof 
ought  of  Neceffity  to  be  recei- 
ved   in    any     Commonwealth; 


^  Dan.  9.  17. 
14.  6.  ^  Gal 
4.  II.  Gal.  3 

Heb.  9.  9 


10. 


Heb-.  7.  25.  I  Tim.  2.  5.  John 
4.  4,  5.  Ads  20.  28.  Phil.  2.  7,  8.  -;  Ads  26.  6,  7.  Rom. 
9.  Heb.  II.  10,  16,  35.  ••  G.i!.  4.  9, 10.  Col.  2.  14,  16,  17. 

Command- 


APPENDIX, 


Articles  of  the  Ch.  ©^England. 
Commandments,  which  are  call- 
ed moral. 


SS5 

Articles  renji/ed. 
Commonwealth  ' ;   yet  notwith-  *"  Adb  2  j. 
ftanding  no  Chriftian  Man  what- 9,  10,  2;. 
foever  is  free  from  the  Obedience  withDcut. 
of    the   Commandments   which  17.  8  — 
are  called  Moral  f.     By  the  Mo-  13.  Rom. 
ral  Law   we  underftand  all  the  13.  i,  e. 
Ten   Commandments   taken   in  Tit.  3,1. 
their  full  extent.  i  Pet.  2, 

13,  14. 
*  Mat.  5,  17,  to  the  end.    Rom.  13.  8,  9,  10.    Eph.  6.  i,  2,  3.    Jam.  2.  8, 
9,  10,  II,  12.  Rom.  7.  25.  Rom.  3.  31.  Mat.  7.  12. 


ARTICLE  Vm. 

Of  the  Three  Creeds. 
The  Three  Creeds,  Nice 
Creed,  Athanafms  Creed,  and  tliat 
which  is  commonly  called  the 
Apoftles  Creed,  ought  through- 
ly to  be  recti  -cd  and  believed ; 
for  they  ma}-  be  proved  by  moll 
certain  Warrants  of  holy  Scrip- 
ture. 


ARTICLE  IX. 

Of  Original  or  Birth  Bin. 
Original  Sin  ftandeth  not  in 
the  following  of  Adam  (as  the 
Pelagians  do  vainly  talk)  but  it 
is  the  Fault  and  Corruption  of 
the  Nature  of  every  Man,  that 
naturally  is  engendred  of  the  OfF- 
fpring  oiAdarn,  whereby  Man  is 
very  far  gone  from  original 
Righteoufnefs,  and  is  of  his  own 
Nature  enclined  to  Evil,  fo  that 
the  Flefh  lufteth  always  contrary 
to  the  Spirit,  and  therefore  in 
every  Perfon  born  into  this 
World,  it  defervcth  God's 
Wrath  and  Damnation.  And 
this  Infeftion  of  Nature  doth  re- 
main, yea  in  them  that  are  re- 
generated, whereby  the  Lull  of 
the  Flefh,  called  in  Greek  *f>ot';:- 
ftct  Gct^Ko^y  which  fome  do  ex- 

Jer.  17.  9.  Rom.  7.  8.  James  i. 

z 


ARTICLE  IX. 

Of  Original  or  Birth  Sin- 
Original  Sin  ^'  llandeth  not  in^Pfal.  51. 
the  following  of  Adatn,   as  the  5.  Joh.  3. 
Pelagians  do  vainly  talk  ^  ;  but,  5,6. 
together  with  his  firft  Sin  impu- ^  Job  14. 
ted  ",  it  is  the  Fault  and  Cor- 4.  Job  15. 
ruption  of  the  Nature  of  every  14.  Rom. 
Man,  that  naturally  is  propaga-6.  6.  Joh. 
ted  from  Adam;   whereby  Man  3.  3,  5,  7. 
is   wholly  deprived  of  original"  Rom.  5,. 
Righteoufnefs  y,    and    is   of  his  12 —  19. 
own   Nature    inclined    only   to  Gen.  2. 
EviP.     So  that  the  Lull  of  the  17.  with 
Flefh,    called  in  Greek  (tq'Qtn\jj.<i  i  Cor.  15. 
ffiLo-AGf,  which  fome  do  expound  22.  ^  Col. 
the   Wifdom,    fome   Senfuality,  2.  13. 
fome   the    AiFeftion,    fome   the  Rom.  7. 
Defire  of  the  Flefn,  is  not  fub-  1 8.    Eccl. 
je6t  to  the  Law  of  God",    and  7.  29. 
therefore  in  every  Perfon  born  in-''  Gen.  6. 
to  this  World  it  deferveth  God's  5 .  Geij. 

8.  21. 
14.  ^  Rom.  8.  7.   1  Cor.  2.  14.  Col.  i.  21. 

Wrath 


560 

^  Eph.  2. 
3.  Rom. 
8.  6,  7. 
«  Prov. 
20.  9. 
Rom.  7. 
17,  20, 
23,  25. 

5.17. 

*  Rom.  ! 

I,  13- 

John  3. 


APPENDIX, 


Articles  rcvifed. 
Wrath  and  Damnation  ^.  And 
this  Infeftion  of  Nature  doth  re- 
main, yea  in  them  that  are  re- 
generate %  whereby  the  Flefh 
lufteth  always  contrary  to  the 
Spirit  ^.  And  although  there  is 
no  Condemnation  for  them  that 
are  regenerate,  and  do  believe  ^, 
yet  the  Apoftle  doth  confefs, 
that  Concupifcence  and  Lull  is 
8.  truly  and  properly  Sin  *". 

13.    ^  Rom.  8.  17,  20. 


Articles  of  the  Ch.  ©/"England, 
pound  the  Wifdom,  feme  Sen- 
fuality,  fome  the  AfFeftion,  fome 
the  Defire  of  the  Flefh,  is  not 
fubjeft  to  the  Law  of  GOD. 
And  although  there  is  no  Con- 
demnation for  them  that  believe 
and  are  baptized,  yet  the  Apo- 
ftle doth  confefs  that  Concupi- 
fcence and  Luft  hath  of  it  felf 
the  Nature  of  Sin. 


8  Eph 
»>5 


ARTICLE   X. 

Of  Free  Will. 
The  Condition  of  Man  after 
the  Fall  of  Ada?n  is  fuch,  that  he 
cannot  turn  or  prepare  himfelf, 
by  his  own  natural  Strength  and 
good  Works,  to  Faith  and  Call- 
ing upon  God  ? ;  wherefore  we 
have  no  Power  to  do  good  Works 
1  Cor.  2.  pleaiing  and  acceptable  to  God "", 
14.  Eph.  vv'ithout  the  Grace  of  God  by 
2.  8,  9,  Chrift,  both  preventing  us,  that 
I  o.  John  we  may  have  a  good  Will,  and 
6.  44,  65.  working  fo  efFeftually  in  us,  as 
^  Rom.  8.  that  it  determineth  our  Will  to 
8.  Heb.  that  which  is  good ',  and  alfo 
11.6.  working  with  us  when  we  have 
'  Ezek.  that  Will  unto  good  ^. 
1 1.19,20. 

Ezek.  36.  26,  27.  Jer.  31.  32,  33.  with 
John  6.  45.  Eph.  i.  19,  20.  i  Cor.  4.  7. 
12.22.   I  Pet.  5.10.   I  Their.  5.  23,  24.   i 


ARTICLE   XI. 

Of  the  f  ujlif  cation  of  Man  before 

God. 

"We  are  juftified,  that  is,  we 

rre   accounted  Righteous  before 

God,    and    have    Remiifion    of 

.  n  Sins ',  not  for,  nor  by  our  own 

.     '  ^'  Works    or    Defervings '"  ,     but 

Pfl    5  2     ^r^'^^y  by  his  Grace '"■,    only  for 

1,2.  "  Rom.  3.  20.  Gal.  2.16.  Gal. 3. 10,1 1. 


ARTICLE  X. 

Of  Free  Will. 
The  Condition  of  Man  after 
the  Fall  of  Adam  is  fuch,  that 
he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  him- 
felf by  his  own  natural  Strength 
and  good  Works  to  Faith  and 
Calling  upon  God.  Wherefore 
we  have  no  Power  to  do  good 
Works  pleafant  and  acceptable 
to  God,  without  the  Grace  of 
God  by  Chrift  preventing  us, 
that  we  may  have  a  Good-will, 
and  working  with  us,  when  we 
have  that  Good- will. 


Heb.  8.  10,  II.    Phil.  2.  12,  13. 
i^Heb.  13.21.  PhU.  1.6.  Heb. 
Kings  8.  57,  58. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

Of  the  f  ujiification  of  Man. 

We  are  accounted  Righteous 
before  GOD,  only  for  the  Me- 
rit of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Je- 
fus  Chrift,  by  Faith,  and  not 
for  our  own  Works  or  Defer- 
vings.    Wherefore,  that  we  are 

Phil.  3.9.  "Rom.  3.24.Tit.  3.7. 
juftif.cd 


APPENDIX. 


56I 


Articles  of  tin  Ch.  c/"England. 
jullihcd  by  Faith  only  is  a  moft 
wholefome  Doftrine,    and  very 
full  of  Comfort,  as  more  largely 


Articles  revifed. 

our    Lord     and    Suviour    Jefus 

Chrill's  fake-  ,  his  wixo.c  Obe-    Rom.  3. 

- „.  ,  ... ■-•&-/      <iience  and  Satis  aclion  being  uy  -4,  25. 

is   cxpreffed  in  the  Homily  of    God    imputed   unto    us   ,    aridi<om.  5.1. 
Juilificaiion.  Cl:rill   v/ith   Jus    Rightoou.ncf^,  2  v^or.  5. 

being  apprehended  mid  relied  on  iJ^,  19- 

by  Fdil'.i  only   .      ihe  L>cA  ine    Rom.  5. 

of  Juiti  c.t;on  by  Faith  on; y  is 9,  17,  18, 

an  wholiome  Doctrine,  i^nd  ve-19.  Rum. 

ry    full   of  Comlort',    i.otvvith- 3.  23,  26. 

Handing  God  doth  not  lorgive  Au.n.  4. 

them  tiiat  are  Iiiip-initerit,  and 6,  24. 

go  on  llill  in  their  1  re  palfes  .     2  Cor. 

5-  21.  . 
■i,  Rom.  3.  22,  25,  26,  28.  Gal.  2.  16.  Ifa.  28.  16.  with  Rom.  9-  33-  ^."^ 
1  Pet.  2.6.  Phil.  3.  9.  2Tim.  1.13.  Rom.  5.  i,  2,  8,  1 1 .  Rom.  15.  13. 
i  Pet.  1.8.  '  Pfal.  68.  20,  21.  Exod.  34.  6,  7.  ■Lukei3.  3,  5. 


ARTICLF.  XII. 
Of  Good  (.Forks. 
Albeit  that  good  Works, 
tt^hich  are  the  Fruits  of  Faith, 
and  follow  after  Juililic:  tion,  can- 
not put  away  our  Sins,  and  en- 
dure the  Severity  of  God's  Judg- 
ment, }'et  are  they  pleafing  and 
acceptable  to  God  in  Chrift,  and 
do  fpring  out  necejTi'.rily  of  a  true 
and  lively  Faith,  in  To  much  that 
by  them  a  lively  Faitii  may  be'  as 
evidently  known  as  a  Tree  dif- 
cerned  by  the  Fruit. 


143.  2.    Job  9.  14,  15,  19,20. 
Heb.  13;  16;  20,  21.    Co!.  1.  10 
*  James  2.  18,  19.  John  15.  4,' 5. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Of  Works  before  fujii fixation. 

Works  done  be; ore  t;;e  Grace 
of  Chrift,  and  the  Inlpiiation  of 
his  Spirit,  are  not  pleaiant  to 
GOD,  for  as  much  as  they 
fpring    not   of    Faith    in    Jcfus 

18.  Rom.  8.  8.  Prov.  15.  8,  26. 
Vol.  III. 


ARTICLE    XII. 

Of  Good  Works. 
(5ocd  Works,  which  are  the  '  Gal.  5. 
Fruits  of  Faith  ,  and  follow  af- 6.  James 
terjuftific.itlon   ,  cannot  put  away  2.  17,  i8, 
our  Sins   %  and  endure  the  Seve-  22.      lit. 
rity  of  God's  Judgment;  yet  are  2.  14. Tit. 
they,  notwithitandir.g  tiieir  Im-  3.  7,  I. 
peiifedions    ,    in    tiie   Sigut   01  Eph.  2.  8, 
God  pleafmg  and  acceptable  un-c,,  10. 
to  him  in  and  for  Chiift   ,  and  *  Ro-n.  3. 
do  fprinj  out  neci-flarily  of  a  true  20,  21. 
and  lively   Fairh ',  in  fo  much  Rom.  4.  4 
that  by  tiiem  a  lively  Faith  may  —9.  Dnn, 
be  evidently  known,  as  a  Tree  9.  18,  19. 
difcerned  by  the  Fruits 

38. 


Exod.  z8.  38.    Rev.  8.  3,  4. 
.   Phil.  4.  18.    *  James  2.  16. 
I  John  2.  3,  5.  Mat.  12.  33. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Of  Works  before  Jufificctiofi. 

Works  done  beft^re  Juuifica- 
tion  by  Chrilt,  and  Regenera- 
tion by  his  Spirit,  are  not  p'ea- 
fing  unto  God  ,  for  ps  muci  as" 


Neil.  1 3. 
22.  PfaL 
y  I  Pet.  2.  5. 
1  John  I.  4. 


-...^  .... , .^..''Tit.j: 

they  fpring  not  of  Faitii  in  Jefus  15.  16. 

Prov.  21.  27.  Rom.  3.  12.  ^^^-  ^* 

O  '^  Chrift  J 


562 


APPENDIX. 


'He 

0.1 1 

5,6. 

Gal 

5.6. 

•'  2  T 

im. 

1.9. 

Joh 

I.  13 

*  Rom.  8 

-,  8. 

Hag. 

-7  ^ 

14. 

iih. 

*'Mat.  5. 
48. 

Mar.  12. 
30,  31. 
Pi.i!.  4. 
?,  9. 
8  Job  9. 
2,  3,  20, 
21.   P(al. 
143.  2. 
Prov.  7.0. 
q.  Phi!. 3 

^  Luke 


Articles  revifed. 
.  ChriH:  *"  ;  neither  do  they  make 
.  Men  meet  to  receive  Grace,  or 

(as  the  School  Authors  iiiy)  de- 

iervc  Grace  of  Congruity  '  ;  yea 
.  rather,    for   that   they   are   not 

done   as    God  hath   willed   and 
.  commanded   tlicm   to   be  done, 

th.ey  are  iinful    . 

.  58.  1—5.   Ifa.  66.  2,  3. 

.ARTICLE   XIV. 

Of  Works  of  Supererogation . 

Voluntary  Works ,  befides 
over  and  above  God's  Command- 
ments, vv'hich  they  call  Works  of 
Supererogation,  cannot  be  taught ' 
without  Arrogancy  and  Impie- 
ty '';  for  by  them  Men  do  declare 
that  they  do  not  onl)^  render  un- 
to God  as  much  as  they  are 
bound  to  do ;  but  tliat  they  do 
more  for  his  lake  than  of  bounden 
Luty  is  required ;  whereas  Chrift 
faith  plainly.  When  you  have 
dojie  all  thofe  Things  that  are 
commanded  you,  fay.  We  are  un- 
profitable Servants,  ive  hanfe 
done  that  avhich  'xvas  our  Duty 
to  do  ". 


17.  10, 

with  ver.  7,  S,  9. 


'Ifa.  53. 

3>  4'  5- 
Pleb.  2. 
17.   with 
Heb.  5. 

'^  Luke 

'•  35' 

with  A£ts 

"'  Eph.  5. 


ARTICLE   XV. 

Of  Chrif  alone  <ivithout  Sin. 

Chrill  in  the  Tfuth  of  our 
Nature  was  made  like  unto  us  in 
all  Things,  Sin  only  excepted  ', 
from  v%'hich  he  was  clearly  void 
both  in  his  Flelh  and  in  his  Spi- 
rit "■  :  He  came  to  be  the  Lamb 
witliout  fpot  ,  who  by  Sacrifice 
ofhimfelf  "'  once  made",  fhculd 
take  a  wav  the  Sins  of  the  World  " : 


Articles  of  the  Ch.  c/"EnglaiiJ. 
Chrirt,  neither  do  they  make 
Men  meet  to  receive  Grace,  or 
(as  the  School  Authors  fay)  de- 
fer ve  Grace  of  Congruity;  yea 
rather,  for  that  they  are^ot  done 
as  G  O  D  hath  willed  and  com- 
manded them  to  be  done,  we 
doubt  not  but  they  have  the  Na- 
ture of  Sin. 


ARTICLE  XIV. 

Of  the  Works  of  Supererogation. 
Voluntary  Works  befides , 
over  and  above  God's  Command- 
ments, which  they  call  Works 
of  Supererogation,  cannot  be 
taught  without  Arrogancy  and 
Impiety.  For  by  them  Men  do 
declare  that  they  do  not  only 
render  unto  God  as  much  as 
they  are  bound  to  do,  but  that 
they  do  m.ore  for  his  fake  than  of 
bounden  Duty  is  required ;  where- 
as Chrill  faith  plainly,  When 
ye  have  done  all  that  are  com- 
manded to  you,  fay.  We  be  un- 
profitable Servants. 


ARTICLE    XV. 

Of  Chrijl  alone  <nxithout  Sin. 

Chrill  in  tlie  Truth  of  our 
Nature,  was  made  like  unto  us 
in  all  Things  (Sin  only  e.vcept) 
frorn  which  ne  was  clearly  void, 
both  in  his  Flefn  and  in  his  Spi- 
rit. He  came  to  be  a  Lamb 
without  fpot,  who  by  Sacrifice 
of  himfelf  once  made,  fliould 
take  away  the  Sins  of  the  World  j 


3.  14.   John  14.  30.    2  Cor.  5.  21.    ITeb.  7.  26.    '  i  Pet.  i. 
2.  "  Heb.  9.  26,  28.  Heb.  \o.  10,12.  *'John  1.29. 


19. 
and 


A  P  P  &  N  D  I  X. 


5('i 


/Jrfh/t's  of  the  Ch.  ©/"England, 
and  Sin  (as  St.  Johfi  faith)  was 
not  in  him.  But  all  we  the  fell 
(although  baptized,  and  bom 
again  in  Chriil)  yet  offend  in 
many  7'hings  ;  and  if  we  lay  we 
have  no  Sin  we  deceive  our 
felves,  and  the  Truth  is  not 
in  us. 


Articles  r(rjift(l. 
and  Sin  (as  St.  John  fiith)  was 
not   in  him   ,     But  all  we  tl^e^  i  John 
retl,  although  baptized  and  rcgc  -  3.5. 
nerate,     y&i    offend     in     many ';  J.i.mcs 
Things  ;  and  ifn.ue  fav  lue  have  ^     2. 
t!o  Sin ,    ive  decei've  ou>   filvci,  i  John 
and  the  Truth  is  not  in  us  '.  1.  8    lO« 


Charles  Herle,  Frokcutor. 
Henry  Rcbrough,  Scriba. 
Adoniram  Bylield,  Scribai 


N.B.  The  Affemblj  procetded  no  farther  in  the  Rc-vifal. 


O    O    2 


APPEN- 


APPENDIX. 


Numb.   II. 


THE 

DIRECTORY 

FOR    THE 

Pu  B  L  I  C  K   W  O  R  S  H  I  P    of    GOD, 

Agreed  upon  by  the  AfTembiy  of  D  vines  at  Weft- 
minjier  ;  examined  and  approved,  Anno  1645.  by 
the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church 
oiSCOlLAND;  and  ratified  by  Ail  of  Par- 
liament the  fame  Year. 


The  PREFACE. 

*,X^  ^  '^<^  Bcginfii>ig  of  the  hhjffed  Rrformatlon,  cur 
J^    nutfc  and  jiious  Anccjiors  took  Care  to  fet  forth  an 
Order  for   Hedrefs  of  jna^iy  Things,    ivhich  they 
]'>^£^   then,  by  the  W^ord,  difco'vcred  to  be  Vain,   Erro- 
AI'L-^    neous,   Supcrfitious,   and  Idolatrous,    in  the  pub- 
M^f^.   lick  Worpip  of  God.      This  occafioned  7nany  Godly 


and  Learned  Men  to  rejoice  much  in  the  Book  of 
Common-Prayer,  at  that  Time  fet  forth  ;  becaufe  the  Mafs,  and  the 
reji  of  the  Latin  Ser<vice  being  removed,  the  publick  Worjhip  'vcas  cele- 
brated in  our  oivn  Tongue ;  many  of  the  common  People  alfo  recei-ued 
Benefit  by  hearing  the  Scriptures  read  in  their  o-von  Language,  ixihich 
formerly  .'were  unto  them  as  a  Book  that  is  fealed. 

Ho^xbeit, 


APPENDIX.  s^S 

Haivbeit,  long  and  fad  Experience  hath  made  it  manifefi.  That 
the  Liturgy  ufed  in  the  Church  of  England  {notzvithjlandirig  all  the 
Pains  and  religious  Intentions  nf  t')t  Compihrs  of  it)  hath  proiH-d  an 
Offence,  not  only  -to  tnatiy  of  the  Gndlj  at  Home,  but  alfo  to  the  Re- 
formed Churihes  Abroad.  For,  not  to  fpeuk  'f  iiygirg  the  licad:nj_  of 
all  the  P ravers,  ivhich  <ve>y  greatl;  i-:crea/cd  //r  Jlurden  of  it ;  the 
many  unprofitable  and  burdtnlome  Ceremonies  contained  in  it,  ha've  oc 
cafioned  much  Mi  [chief,  as  nx:ell  by  difquieti:r  the  Confidences  ofi  many 
Godly  Minifiers  and  People,  li.bo  could  not  yield  unto  them,  as  by  de- 
pri-z'ing  them  ofi  the  Ordinances  ofi  God,  itshtch  thiy  might  not  enjoy 
I'jithout  confiorming  or  fubfcrihing  to  thofe  Ceremonies.  Sundry  good 
Chrifiiians  ha-ue  been,  by  Afeans  therecfi,  kept  firom  the  Load's  'Tables 
and  di-vers  able  and  faithfiul  Minifiicfs  debarred  firom  the  Exercife  ofi. 
their  Mini  fry  [to  the  Endangering  ofi' many  Thou fand  Souls,  in  a  Time 
ofifiuch  Scardty  ofi  faithfiul  Paft'jrs)  and  fpoiled  ofi  their  Livelthoody 
to  the  Undoing  ofi  them  and  their  Families.  Prelates  and  their  Fa- 
ff ion  have  laboured  to  raifie  the  Efii?nation  ofi  it  to  fiuch  an  Height,  as 
ifi  there  ivere  no  other  Worf:ip,  or  Way  ofi  li'orfijip  ofi  G  O  D  among  ji 
us,  but  onl:  the  Ser^'icc-Book  ;  ti  the  great  Hind,  ane  ofi  the  Preach- 
ing ofi  the  IVord,  and  (••'  fiome  Places,  efpe  daily  ofi  late)  to  the  fufi- 
ling  ofi  it  out,  as  unnci.  Jfiury,  or  {at  befi)  as  fiar  infierior  to  the  tread- 
ing 0/  Con^-inon-Prayer,  lohich  nvas  made  no  better  than  an  Idol  by 
fna:y  i  nor  ant  and  fupcrjiitious  People,  <zvho  plcafi.g  thcmfielves  in 
their  Prtfience  at  that  Scr-vice,  and  their  Lip-labour  in  bearing  a 
Pa-t  in  it,  have  thereby  harlcn^d  themjeli)es  in  their  Ignorance  and 
Carelefinefis  ofifiaving  Kfio-ujledge  and  true  Piety. 

In  the  mean  Time,  Papifis  boafitd,  that  the  Book  'vjas  a  Compli- 
ance 'with  thetn  in  a  great  Part  ofi  their  Ser-vice ;  and  fo  ^Mcre  not  a 
little  confirmed  in  their  Superjlition  and  Idolatrv,  expecting  rather 
our  Return  to  them,  than  endeavouring  the  Rcfiormation  ofi the^nfielves  : 
In  'ivhich  Expedatioa  they  ivere  of  late  very  much  encouraged,  luhen, 
upon  the  pritended  WarrantabUnefs  ofi impofing  ofi  the  fior/ncr  Cere^no- 
nies,  nenjj  Ones  luere  daily  obtruded  upon  the  Church. 

y^dd  hereunto  {iL-hich  n>:as  7Wt  forefieen,  but  fence  hath  come  to  pafs) 
that  the  Liturgy  hath  been  a  great  7\ieans,  as  on  the  one  Hand  to  make 
and  increafe  an  idle  an  unedifiiing  Minifiiy,  ^hich  co7it:nted  it  fiolfi 
ivith  fet  Forms  madj  to  thd.r  Ha -ids  by  ethers,  'without  putting  fiorth 
thernfelves  to  excrcific  the  Gift  of  P raver,  'with  ivhich  our  Lord  Jefus 
Chrill  pleafieth  to  fiui-nifh  all  hit  So  vants  lihom  he  calls  to  that  Ofi- 
fice :  So  on  the  other  Side,  it  hath  been  [and  ever  v-'ould  be,  ifi  con- 
tinued) a  Matter  of  endlefis  Strifie  and  Contcfition  in  the  Church,  a?h{ 
a  Snare  both  to  many  godl;  and  faithfiul  Mi.'.dfiers,  'who  have  been 
perfiecuted  and  filenced  npon  that  Occafiion,  and  to  others  ofi  bopefiul 
parts,  many  ofi  'which  ha've  been,  and  more  fill  'would  be  di'verted 
O  0  3  from 


566  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. 

from  all  Thoughts  of  the  Minijiry  to  other  Studies  ;  efpecially  in  thefe 
later  Times,   ivherein  God  'vouckfafeth   to  his  People  more  and  better  ■ 
Means  for  the  Difccvery  of  Error  and  Siiperjlition,   and  for  attain- 
ing of  Knonvledge  in  the  Myjlerics  of  Godlinejs,  and  Gifts  in  Preaching 
and  Prayer. 

I 
Upon  thefe,  and  matiy  the  like  v:eighty  Conf  derations,  in  Reference 
to  the  'vjkole  Book  in  general,  and  hecaife  of  di'vers  Particulars  con- 
tained in  it ;  not  from  any  Love  to  No'velty,  or  Intention  to  difparage 
our  frji  Reformers  [of  ^whom  ^vc  are  perfwaded,  that,  "were  they 
non.v  alive,  they  nx:ould  join  vjith  us  in  this  Work,  and  nvhom  ive 
acknovoled^e  as  excellent  Injiru?nents,  raifed  by  God,  to  begin  the 
Purging  and  Fiuilding  of  his  Houfe,  and  drfre  they  may  be  had  of  us 
and  Pojieritj  in  cjerlafing  Remembrance,  <voith  Thankfulnefs  and 
Honour  i)  hut  that  ijje  may,  in  fome  Meafurc,  anf^wer  the  gracious 
P rovidence  cf  God,  vjhich  at  this  Time  calleth  upon  us  for  further 
Reformation,  and  may  fatisf  our  onvn  Confciences,  and  anfnver  the 
Expectation  of  other  Reformed  Chmches,  and  the  Defres  of  many  of 
the  Godly  among  our  f elves,  and  n.vithal  give  fame  pub  lick  Tejiimony 
of  our  E.ideavours  for  Uniformity  in  Divine  V/orfiiip,  v:hich  vce  have 
promifd  in  our  Solemn  League  and  Covenant :  We  have,  after  ear- 
■/left  pjid  frequent  Calling  upon  the  Naf?ie  cf  God,  and  after  much  Con-' 
fultation,  not  vjith  Flrfj  and  Blood,  hut  voith  his  holy  U  ord,  rejolved 
to  lay  nfule  the  former  Liturgy,  vcith  the  many  Rites  and  Ceremonies 
formerly  tfed  in  the  Wo'-Jhip  of  God  ;  and  have  agreed  upon  this  fol- 
lovjing  DireBory  for  all  the  Parts  of  public  k  Worf?ip,  at  ordinary  and 
extraordinary  Titnes. 

Wherein  cur  Care  hath  been,  to  hold  fotth  fuch  Things  as  arc  of- 
Divine  Injiitution  in '  every  Ordinance  ;  and  other  Things  ixe  have 
endeavoured  to  ft  forth  according  to  the  Rules  of  Chriftian  Prudence, 
agreeable  to  the  general  Rules  cf  the  World  of  God :  Our  Meaning 
therein  being  on  I;,  that  the  general  Heads,  the  Senfe  and  Scope  of  the 
Prayers,  and  ether  Parts  of  Pub  lick  Wo)Jijip,  being  hicvi-u  to  all, 
there  may  be  a  Confent  of  all  the  Churches,  in  thofe  Things  that  con- 
tain the  Suhfauce  of  the  Service  and  Wor/hip  ofGcd;  and  the  Mini- 
fters  may  be  hereby  dirc"ed  in  their  Adminifrations ,  to  keep  like 
Sow.dnefs  in  Dodrine  and  Prayer ;  and  may,  if  need  he,  have  feme 
Help  and  Furniture ;  and  yet  fo,  as  they  heccme  not  hereby  fiothfu  I  and 
negligent  in  ftirrivg  up  the  Gifts  tf  Chriji  in  them  ;  but,  that  each 
one,  by  Meditation,  <^v  taking  Heed  to  himfelf  and  the  Flock  of  God 
cojnmitted  to  him,  and  by  ivifc  Ob/erving  the  Ways  of  Divine  Provi- 
dence, may  be  careful  to  furnify  his  Heart  and  Tongue  v^ith  further, 
or  other  Materials  of  Prayer  and  ExLot  tutlon,  as  jhall  be  }:eerful  up- 
on all  Occafior.i . 


0/ 


>;  P  P  E  N  D  I  X.  S^7 

Of  the  ^Jftniblii;g  of  the  Congregation,  and  their  Behai'iour  in  the 
public/:  If 'orjbip  of  God. 
Wl  HEN  the  Congregation  is  to  meet  for  publick  Worfhip, 
V  V  the  People  (having  beibre  prepared  rheir  irl'jsrts  tiiercunto) 
ouglit  all  to  come,  and  join  thisrein  ;  not  ablenting  themfelves  from 
the  publick  Ordinances  through  Negligence,  or  upon  Pretence  of 
private /Meetings. 

Let  all  enter  tlie  AfTembly,  not  irreverentl)',  but  ii;  a  grave  and 
feenjly  .Manner,  tiking  their  Sea.ts  or  Places  without  Adoration,  or 
bowing  tliemlelves  towards  oi)e  Place  or  other. 

The  Congregation  being  afiembled,  the  Winiftffr,  after  folcmn 
Calling  on  them  to  the  Worfliipping  q^  the  great  Name  of  God,  is 
to  begin  with  Prayer. 

"  in  all  Reverence  and  Humility  acknowledging  the  incompre- 
"  henfible  Greatnefs  and  Majeliy  of  the  Lord  (in  whofe  Pre'.ence 
"  they  do  then  in  a  fpecial  Al::nner  appear)  a.nd  their  own  Vile- 
"  neis  and  Uny/orthinefs  to  approach  lo  near  him,  with  their  i;tter 
"  Inability  of  themfelves  to  lo  great  a  Work  j  and  humbly  bc- 
<(  feeching  him  for  Pardon,  Aflzllance  and  Acceptance  in  the  whole 
"  Service  then  to  be  performed  ;  and  for  a  Bleifmg  on  that  parti- 
"  cular  Portion  of  his  Word  than  to  be  read  :  And  all  in  the  Name 
f  and  Mediation  of  the  Lord  Jefus  ChrilL" 

The  Publick  Worfhip  being  begun,  the  People  are  wholly  to  at- 
tend upon  it,  forbearing  to  read  any  Thing,  except  what- the  Mini- 
ller  is  then  reading  or  citing  ;  and  abftainmg  much  more  from  all 
private  Whi:"pering?,  Conference.-,  Salutitiom,  or  doing  Reverence 
to  any  Perfons  prefent,  or  coming  in  ;  as  alfo  from  all  Gazing, 
Sleeping,  and  other  undecent  Behaviour,  which  may  difturb  the 
Minillcr  or  People,  or  hinder  themfelves  or  others  in  the  f  er\'ice  of 
God. 

If  any,  through  Neceflity,  be  hinder'd  from  being  pre-^ent  at  the 
Beginning,  they  ought  not,  when  they  come  into  the  Cono^rci^a- 
tion,  to  betake  themfelves  to  their  private  Devotions,  but  reverent- 
ly to  Compofe  themfelves  to  join  vyith  the  AflTembly,  in  that  Ordi- 
nance of  God  which  is  then  in  Hand. 

Of  publick  Reading  of  the  hcly  Scriptures. 

REading  of  the  Word  in  the  Congregation,  being  Part  of  the 
pul^lick  Vv^orfhip  of  God,  (wherein  we  acknowledge  our 
Dependance  upon  him,  and  Subjection  to  him)  and  one  Means  fan- 
dtihed  by  him  for  the  Edirying  of  his  people,  is  to  be  performed  by 
the  Pallors  and  Teachers. 

Howbeit,  fuch  as  intend  the  Miniftry,  may  occafionally  both 
read  the  Word,  and  exercife  their  Gift  in  Preaching  in  the  Con^-.'-e- 
gation,  if  allowed  by  the  Prefbytery  thereunto. 

All  the  Canonical  Books  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftament  (but 
none  of  thofe  which  are  commonly  called  Jpooypha)  fhall  be  pub- 

O  o  4  lickly 


$6^  APPENDIX. 

lickly  retid  in  the  vulgar  Tongue,  out  of  the  beft  allowed  Tranfla-^ 

tion,  diftindly,  that  all  may  hear  and  underlland. 

How  iarge  c.  Portion  fnall  be  iCrd  at  once,  is  left  to  the  Wifdoni 

of  the  Miniiler  J  bur  it  is  convenient,  that  ordinarily  one  Chapter 

of  eacli  TeRament   be  read   at  evdy  iVieeting  j    and  fometimes 

more,  where  the  Chapiers  be  fiiort,  or  the  Coherence  of  Matter 

requ'reth  it. 

'  It  is  requifite  that  all  the  Canonical  Books  be  read  over  in  Or- 
der, that  the  People  may  be  better  acquainted  with  the  whole  Ecdy 
of  the  Scriptures ;  and  ordinar  ly,  w  here  the  Reading  in  eidier  1  e- 
ftament  endeth  on  one  Lord's  Day,  it  is  to  begin  the  next. 

We  commend  alfo  the  more  frequent  Reading  of  fuch  Scriptures, 

.as  he  that  readeth  fliall  think  bell  for  Edification  of  his  Hearers,  as 
the  Beck  of  Pjabns,  and  luch  like. 

When  the  Miri!-:er,  who  readeth,  fhall  judge  it  neceffary  to 
expound  any  Part  of  \vh:.t  is  read,  let  it  not  be  done  until  the 
whole  Ch?pcer  or  Ff  !m  be  ended  ;  and  Regard  is  alwpys  to  be  had 
unto  tlie  1  ime,  that  neither  Preaching,  nor  other  Ordinance,  be 
ilr;  itned,  or  rendt  I'd  tedious.  W^hich  Rule  is  to  be  obferved  in  all 
other  j'ubiick  Performances. 

BeiJUe  pubiick  Reading  of  the  holy  Scriptures,  every  Perfon  that 
can  read,  is  to  be  exhorted  to  read  the  Scriptures  privately,  (and 
all  cthors  that  cannot  read,  if  not  dilabled  by  Age,  or  otherwise, 
are  likewiie  to  be  exhorted  to  learn  to  read)  and  to  have  a  Bible. 

Ofpuhltch  Prayer  before  the  Sermov. 
Fter  Reading  of  the  Word  (and  Singing  of  the  Pfalm)  the 
Mini  her  who  is  to  preach,  is  to  endeavour  to  get  his  own, 
and  his  Her.rcrs  Hearts  to  be  rigiitly  affeded  with  their  Sins,  that 
they  may  all  mourn  in  Senfe  thereof  before  the  Lord,  and  hunger 
and  tJiirR  after  the  C^rnce  of  God  in  Jefus  Chrift,  by  proceeding  to 
a  more  full  Confefiion  of  Sin,  with  Shame  and  holy  Confufion  of 
Face,  and  to  call  upon  the  Lord  to  thi--  EfFe£l ; 

"  To  acknowledge  our  great  Sir.fulnefs,  Tirfi,  By  Reafon  of 
"  original  Sin,  which  (behde  the  Guilt  tjiat  makes  us  liable  to 
*'  everlailing  Damnation)  is  the  Seed  of  all  other  Sins,  hath  de- 
■"  praved  and  poifoned  all  the  Faculties  and  Powers  of  Soul  and 
"  Body,  doth  defile  cur  bcft  Adions,  and  (were  it  not  rcftrained, 
'■'  or  our  Hearts  renevved  by  Grace)  would  break  forth  into  innu- 
*'  merable  Tranigrenions,  and  greatell  Rebellir.ns  ngainit  the 
"  Lord,  that  ever  were  committed  by  the  vileft  of  the  Sons  of 
"  Men.  y^nd,  ruxt.  By  Reafcn  cf  adual  Sins,  our  own  Sins, 
'•  the  Sins  of  Magiftratef,  ofMinifters,  and  of  the  whole  Nation, 
*'  onto  which  we  are  many  Ways  accefibry  :  Which  Sins  of  ours 
"  receive  many  fearful  Aggravations,  we  having  broken  all  the 
"  Commandments  of  the  holy,  jnll,  and  good  Law  of  God,  do- 
"  ing  that  vvhich  is  forbidden,  and  leaving  undone  what  is  enjoin- 
■*>  ,ed ;  and  that  not  only  out  of  Ignorance  and  Infumity,  but  alfo 
'-:»•■'  *•  more 


jl  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. 

**  more  prefumptuoully,  againft  the  Light  of  our  Minds,  Checks 
**  of"  our  Con.cxnccs,  and  Motions  of  his  own  lioly  Spirit  to  the 
*'  contrnry,  fo  that  we  have  no  Cloke  for  our  Sins ;  yea,  not  on- 
*'  \y  deipiling  the  Riches  of  God's  Goodnefs,  1  orbearance,  and 
**  l.org-iufFering,  but  l^anding  out  agrinft  many  Iiivitatioi-.s  and  " 
**  Offers  of  Grace  in  the  Golpel ;  not  endeavouring,  as  we  ou^nit, 
**  to  receive  Chrill  into  our  Hearts  by  Faitli,  or  to  walk  worthy  of 
**  him  in  our  Lives. 

"  1  o  bewail  our  Blindnefs  of  Mind,  Hardnefs  of  Heart,  Unbe- 
'*  lief,  Impenitency,  Security,  Lukeuarninels,  Barrcnntfs ;  our 
"  not  endeavouring  after  Mortification  and  Newne.s  of  lie;  nor 
*'  after  the  Exerciie  of  Godlinefs  in  the  Power  thereof:  And  that 
"  the  bell  of  us  have  not  fo  Iledfaflly  waiked  v.ith  God,  kept  oiir 
"  Garments  fo  unfpotted,  nor  been  fo  zealous  oi  hjs  Glory,  and 
*'  the  Good  of  ethers,  as  we  ought:  And  to  mourn  over  iuch 
**  other  Sin?,  as  the  Congregition  is  paracul:  r!y  guilty  of,  riot- 
"  witliftar.ding  the  maniklJ  and  gretit  jMercie^  of  our  God,  tie 
"  Love  of  C  r'rt,  the  Light  of  the  Goipei,  and  Reformation  ^.f 
*'  Religion,  our  own  Purpoies,  Pron  ies.  Vows,  folemn  Cove- 
"  nant,  and  other  'pecial  Ouligrtions  to  the  contr.:ry. 

'*  To  acknowledge  and  confeis,  that,  as  we  are  convinced  of 
"  our  Guilr,  fo,  out  of  a  deep  Senfe  thereof,  we  judge  our  <e!ves 
"  unworthy  of  the  fmallcil  Benef.ts,  mofi;  worthy  of  eod's  hcrcefl 
"  Wrath,  and  of  all  the  Ciirfes  cf  the  Law,  and  heaviest  Judg- 
**  ments  inflided  upon  the  moil  rebellious  Sinners;  and  thjt  he 
*'  migl'.t  mofl  juflly  tnke  his  Kingdom  and  Goipei  from  us,  fl'gae 
"  us  with  r\l  Sorts  of  fpiritual  and  temporal  Judgments  in  this  Li.e, 
*'  and  after  caft  us  into  utter  Darkness,  in  the  Lake  that  burncth 
*'  with  Fire  and  Brim  Hone,  where  is  Weeping  and  Gnafhing  of 
*'  Teeth  for  evermore. 

"  ISctwitl. {landing  all  which,  to  drrw  re?.r  to  the  Throne  of 
*'  Grace,  encouraging  our  ielves  with  Kope  of  a  gracious  Anfwer 
"  of  our  Prayers,  in  the  Riches  and  A  l-i efficiency  of  thi;t  oniy 
*'  one  Oblation,  the  Sati  faction  and  Irterccliicn  of  the  I,ord 
"  Jefus  Chrill,  at  the  right  K.nd  of  his  Fatner,  and  our  Father; 
"  and,  in  Confidcrxe  of  the  exceeding  great  and  precious  Promifcs 
"  of  Mercy  and  Grace  in  the  New  Covenant,  through  the  lame 
*■'  Mediator  tl^.ereof,  to  deprecate  the  hc::vy  Wr;!th  and  Cure  of 
"  GOD,  which  we  are  rot  rble  to  avoid,  cr  bear ;  and  humbly 
"  and  enmeftly  to  fuppiicate  for  Mercy  in  the  iiee  and  full  Re- 
*'  miffion  of  all  our  Sins,  and  th:  t  cniy  lor  the  bitter  Sufferings 
*'  and  precious  Merits  of  Lh<.t  cur  only  Saviour  Jcius  Chriit. 

"  That  the  Lord  wou  d  vouciifafe  to  fhed  abroad  his  Love  in 
"  our  Hearts  by  the  Holy  Ghofl ;  ical  unto  us,  by  the  lame  Spi- 
**  rit  of  Adoption,  the  flill  A ffu ranee  of  our  Pardon  ?nd  Reconci- 
^*  liation ;  comfort  all  that  mourn  in  ZioK,  ipe.ik  Peace  to  the 
*'  wounded  and  troubled  Spirit,  and  bind  up  the  Broken-hc  uted : 
"  And  as  for  fecure  and  preiumptuous  Sinners,  tliat  he  would 
-       •  •'  open 


569 


570  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X 

"  open  their  Eyes,  convince  their  Confciences,  and  turn  them 
"  trom  Darkneis  unto  Light,  and  Irom  the  Power  of  Satan  unto 
*'  God,  that  they  alio  may  receive  Forgivenefs  of  Sin,  and  ati 
"  Inlieritance  among  them  that  are  iandtihed  by  Faith  in  Chrift 

*'    Je:U:5. 

"  With  Remiflion  of  Sins  through  the  Blood  of  Chrift,  to  pray 
*'  for  San,clihcation  by  his  Spirit ;  the  Mortification  of  Sin  dwelling 
"  in,  and  many  Times  tyrannizing  over  us ;  the  Quickning  of 
"  our  dead  Spines,  with  the  Life  of  God  in  Chrill ;  Grace  to  fit 
*'  and  enable  us  for  all  Duties  of  Converfation  and  Callings  to- 
**  waid^  God  and  Menj  Strength  againft  Temptations,  the  landi- 
*'  fied  Uie  of  Bleffings  and  Crolles,  and  Perfeverance  in  Faith  and 
*'   Obedience  unto  the  End. 

"  To  pray  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gofpel  and  Kingdom  of 
«'  Chi  ill  to  all  Nations,  for  the  Converficn  of  the  y^-xt'i,  the  Ful- 
«'  nefs  of  the  Geitllcs,  the  Fall  Oi  Jnticbriji,  and  the  Haftening  of 
«'  the  Second  Coming  of  our  Lord  ;  for  the  Deliverance  of  the  di- 
*'  ftrefied  Churches  abroad  from  the  Tyranny  of  the  Anikhnjlian 
f'  FaSion,  and  from  the  cruel  OppreiTions  and  Blafphemies  of  the 
*'  Turk;  for  the  Bleffing  of  God  upon  all  the  Reformed  Churches, 
<'  efpecially  upon  tJ;e  Chmxhes  and  Kingdoms  of  Scotland,  Eng- 
*'  la7id,  and  Inland,  now  more  Itriftly  and  religioufly  united  in 
*'  the  Solemn  l^ational  League  and^Co-venani ;  and  for  our  Planta- 
*«  tions  in  the  remote  Parts  of  the  World :  More  particularly  for 
*'  that  Church  and  Kingdom  whereof  we  are  Members,  that  there- 
•'  in  God  would  eliabliili  Peace  and  Truth,  the  Purity  of  all  his 
"  Ordinances,  and  the  Power  of  Godlineis ;  prevent  and  remove 
"  Hercfy,  Schi.m,  Profanenef?,  Superilition,  Security,  and  Un- 
<'  fruitfulnefs  nnder  the  Means  of  G  race  j  heal  all  our  Rents  and 
••'  Divifioae,  and  preserve  us  from  Breach  of  our  Solemn  Ca- 
*'  •-oazant. 

*'  To  pray  for  all  in  Authority,  efpecially  for  the  King's  Ma- 
"  jelly,  that  God  would  make  him  rich  in  Bleffings,  both  in  his 
«'  Person  and  Government ;  eftablifli  his  Throne  in  Religion  and 
*'  Rigliteoufnefs,  fave  him  from  evil  Counfel,  and  make  him  a 
*«  bleifed  and  glorious  Inflrument,  for  tlie  Conferva tion  and  Propa- 
"  gation  of  the  Gofpel,  for  the  Encouragement  and  Protedion 
''  of  them  that  do  Well,  the  Terror  of  all  that  do  Evil,  and 
"  tile  great  Good  of  the  whole  Church,  and  of  all  his  Kingdoms ; 
*'  for  the  Converfion  of  the  Queen,  the  religious  Education  of  the 
•'  Prince,  and  the  reft  pf  the  Royal  Seed  ;  for  the  Comforting  the 
•"  afHidted  Queen  o'i  Bohemia,  Siller  to  our  Sovereign  ;  and  for  the 
♦'  Reftitution  and  Eflablilhment  of  the  Illuilrious  Prince  Charles, 
"  Eleftor  Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  to  all  his  Dominions  and  Digni- 
'■^  ties ;  for  a  Blelhng  upon  the  high  Court  of  Parliament  (v/hen 
-'  fitting  in  any  of  thefc  Kingdoms  refpedivcly)  the  Nobility,  tlic 
"  fubordinate  Judges  and  Magiflrates,  the  Gentry,  aiid  ail  the 
"  Commonalty ;  for  all  Pallors  and  Teachers,  that  God  would 

"  f.U 


APPENDIX.  S7l 


'*  fill  them  with  his  Spirit,  make  them  exemplarily  Holy,  Sober, 
*'  Jiift,  Peaceable,  and  Gracioub  in  their  Lives ;  Sound,  Faithful, 
"  and  Powcrl'ul  in  tHeir  Minillry ;  and  follow  all  their  Labours 
*'  with  Abundance  of  Succefs  and  Blcfling  ;  and  give  unto  all  his 
•'  People  Pallors  according  to  his  own  Heart ;  for  chc  Univerhties, 
*'  and  all  Schools  and  Religious  Seminaries  of  Church  and  Coni- 
*'  monwealth,  that  they  may  flourilh  more  and  more  in  Learning 
"  and  Piety  ;  for  the  particular  City  or  Cor.gregation,  that  God 
"  would  pour  out  a  Ekfling  upon  the  Miniliry  of  the  Word,  Sa- 
"  craments  and  Difcipiine,  upon  the  Civil  Government,  and  all 
"  the  leveral  Families  and  Perfons  therein  ;  for  Mercy  to  the  Af- 
"  flifted,  under  any  inward  or  outward  Dillrefs.  For  feafonable 
"  Weather,  and  fruitful  Seafons,  as  the  'Time  may  require  ;  for 
*'  Averting  the  Judgment  that  u'e  either  feel  or  fear,  or  are  liable 
**  unto,  as  Famine,  Peflilence,  the  Sword,  and  fuch  like. 

*'  And,  with  Confidence  of  hia  Mercy  to  his  whole  Church, 
*'  and  the  Acceptance  of  our  Perfons,  through  the  Merits  and  \ie- 
"  diation  of  our  High  Prieil  the  Lord  Jeius,  to  profefs  that  it  is 
"  the  Dcfire  of  our  Soulb  to  have  Fellowfliip  with  God,  in  the  rc- 
"  verend  and  conlcionnble  L'ie  of  his  holy  Ordinances  j  and,  to 
*'  that  PuipoJe,  to  pr:y  earr.ellly  for  his  Gr'.ce,  and  cfFeJlual  Af- 
"  fiftance  to  the  Sanctification  of  hii  holy  Sabbath,  the  Lord's 
**  Day,  in  rdl  the  Duties  thereof,  publick  and  private,  both  to 
"  our  felve?,  and  to  all  other  Congregations  of  his  People,  accord- 
"  ing  to  the  Riches  and  Excellency  cf  the  Go'pel,  this  Day  ccle- 
**  brated  and  enjoyed. 

"  And,  becaule  we  have  been  unprofitable  Hearers  in  Times 
"  pail,  and  now  cannot  of  our  fehes  receive,  as  we  Ihould,  the 
"  deep  Things  of  God,  the  Myllerics  of  Jelus  Chrill,  which"  re- 
"i  quire  a  ipirituax  Difcerning  ;  to  pray,  that  the  Lord,  who  tcach- 
"  eth  to  proHt,  \\ould  gracioufly  pleafe  to  pour  out  the  Spirit  of 
"  Grace,  together  with  the  outv/ard  Means  thereof,  cauling  us  to 
"  attain  fuch  a  Mea'.ure  of  the  Excellency  of  the  Knowledge  of 
"  Chrill:  Jefus  our  Lord,  and,  in  him,  of  the  Things  which  be- 
"  long  to  cur  Peace,  that  we  may  account  all  Things  but  as  Drofs 
"  in  Comparifon  of  him  :  And  that  we,  tailing  the  hrll  Fruits  of 
'*  the  Glory  that  is  to  be  revealed,  may  long  for  a  more  lull  and 
"  perfetSl  Communion  with  him,  that  where  he  is,  we  may  be  al- 
"  lb,  and  enjoy  the  Fulnefs  of  thofc  Joys  and  Pleafures  wiiich  are 
"  at  his  right  Hand  for  evermore. 

*'  More  particularly,  that  God  would  in  fpecial  Manner  furnifli 
"  his  Servant  (now  called  to  difpenle  the  Bread  of  Li.%  unto  Ids 
"  Houlhold)  with  Wifdom,  Fidelity,  Zeal,  and  Utterance,  that 
"  he  may  divide  the  Word  of  God  aright,  to  every  one  his  Por- 
"  tion,  in  Evidence  and  Demonllration  of  the  Spirit  and  Power ; 
"  and  that  the  Lord  would  circumcile  the  Ears  and  Hearts  of  tiie 
*'  Hearers,  to  hear,  love,  and  receive  with  Meeknefs  the  ingrafted 
*'  Word,  which  is  able  to  fave  their  Souls ;  make  them  as  good 

'<  Ground! 


S7^ 


APPENDIX, 

**  Groaiid  to  receive  in  the  good  Seed  of  the  Word,  and  ftrengtlien 
'*  them  againft  tne  Tempcations  of  Satan,  the  Cares  of  the  World, 
*'  the  Hardne.i  of  tneir  own  Hearts,  and  wJratfoever  elie  may  hin- 
"  der  their  p:ofitable  and  laving  Hearing;  that  lo  Chrill:  may  be 
*'  fo  formed  in  them,  and  live  in  them,  that  all  their  Thoughts 
*'  may  be  brought  into  Captivity  to  the  Obedience  of  Chriit,  and 
*'  their  Hearts  •  eilabiiihcd  m  every  good  Word  and  Work  for 
*'  ever." 

We  judge  this  to  be  a  convenient  Order,  in  the  ordinary  Publick 
Pr  yers ;  yet  fo,  as  the  Miniiler  may  defer  (as  in  i-'rudence  he 
flid'  tnmk  :ree;)  fome  part  of  thele  Petitions,  till  after  his  Sermoji, 
or  ofFei  up  to  God  iome  of  the  Thankfgivings  hereafter  appointed, 
in  lus  prayer  before  his  Sermon. 

Of  the_  Preaching  of  the  Word. 

I  "^Reaching  of  the  Word  being  the  Power  of  God  unto  Salva- 
tion, and  one  of  tlie  grciteii;  and  moft  excellent  Works  be- 
longing to  rhe  Miniitry  of  the  Goipel,  fhould  be  fo  performed,  that 
the  Wcrkmm  need  not  be  alhamed,  but  may  fave  himfelf,  and 
thoe  that  hear  him. 

It  is  prefuppofed  (according  to  the  Rules  for  Ordination)  that 
the  Minifter  of  Chriil  i.  in  fome  g-od  Meuiure  giitea  for  fo  weigh- 
ty a  Service,  by  his  Skill  in  the  Original  Languages,  and  in  fuch 
Arts  and  Sciences  as  are  Handmaids  unto  Divinity  ;  by  his  Know- 
ledge in  die  whole  Body  of  Theology,  but  mcft  of  all  in  the  holy 
Sa-iptures,  having  his  Stnfes  and  Heart  exercifed  in  them  above 
the  common  Sort  of  Believers;  and  by  the  Illumination  of  God's 
Spirit,  and  ether  Gifts  of  Edification,  which  (together  with  Reading 
and  Studying  of  tlie  W^ord)  he  ought  itill  to  i^ek  by  Prayer,  and' an 
humble  Heart,  refolving  to  adrnit  and  receive  any  T'rutii  not  yef  at- 
tained, whenever  God  fliall  make  it  knov/n  unto  him.  All  which 
he  IS  to  make  Ule  of,  and  impiove,  in  his  private  Preparations, 
before  he  deliver  in  Publick  wliat  he  hath  provided. 

Ordinarily,  the  Subjeft  of  his  Sermon  is  to  be  fome  Text  of 
Scripture,  holding  forth  feme  Principle  or  Head  of  Religion,  or 
fuitable  to  fome  ipecial  Occ.;fion  emergerit ;  or  he  may  go  on  in  fome 
Chapter,  Pfalm,  or  Book  of  the  holy  Scripture,  as  he  Ciall 
fee  fit. 

Let  the  Introduftion  to  his  Text  be  brief  and  perfpicuous,  dnuvn 
from  the  Text  it  felf,  or  Context,  or  fome  parallel  Place,  or  gene- 
ral Sentence  of  Scripture. 

If  the  Text  be  long  (as  in  Hiflories  and  Parables  it  fometimes 
muft  be)  let  him  give  a  brief  Sum  of  it ;  if  fhort,  a  Paraphrafe 
thereof,  if  need  be :  In  both,  looking  diligently  to  the  Scope  of 
the  Text,  and  pointing  at  the  chief  Heads  and  Grounds  ot  Do- 
ilrine,  which  he  is  to  raifc  from  it. 

In  analyfmg  and  dividing  his  Text,  he  is  to  regard  more  the 
Order  of  Matter,  than  of  Words ;  and  neither  to  burden  the  Me- 


APPENDIX. 

wory  oftlic  Hearers  in  the  Beginning  with  too  many  Members  of 
Diviiion,  nor  to  trouble  tlieir  Minds  with  oblcure  Terms  of  Art. 

In  railing  DoLtnnes  from  the  Text,  his  Care  ougiit  to  be, 
FirJ},  That  the  Matter  be  the  Truth  of  God.  Sccon^7j,  'I  hat  it 
be  a  Truth  contained  in,  or  k,iounded  on  that  I  ext,  thut  the  Hear- 
ers may  dii'cern  how  God  teachcth  it  from  thence.  Thirdly^  'i  hat 
lie  cliiefly  infill  upon  thoie  Dodriuei  which  are  principahy  intend- 
ed, and  make  moil  ior  the  Edification  of  the  Hearers. 

The  Do«ibine  is  to  be  exprefled  in  plain  'Icrms;  or,  if  any 
Thing  in  it  need  Explication,  is  to  be  opcacu,  and  the  Loiifet,juence 
alio  from  the  Text  cleared.  The  parallel  Places  oi  bcripiure  con- 
firming the  Dodiine  are  rather  to  be  plain  and  pertinent,  tlian 
many,  and  (if  need  be)  fomewhat  infilled  upon,  and  applied  to  the 
Purpoie  in  hand. 

The  Arguments  or  Reafons  are  to  be  folid ;  and,  as  much  aa 
may  be,  convincing.  '1\\Q.  lUulcrations,  of  what  ivind  ioever, 
ought  to  be  full  of  Light,  and  fuch  as  may  convey  tiie  Truth  into 
the  Hearer's  Heart  with  fpiritual  Delight. 

If  any  Doubt,  obvious  from  Scripture,  Rcafon,  or  Prejudice  of 
the  Hearers,  feem  to  arife,  it  is  very  requifite  to  remove  it,  by  re- 
conciling the  feeming  Differences,  anf..ering  the  Rcaibns,  and  dif- 
covering  and  taking  away  the  Caufes  of  Prejudice  and  Miitake. 
Otherwife,  it  is  not  ft  to  detain  tiie  fiearers  with  propounding  or 
anfwering  vain  or  wicked  Cavils,  which  ac  tliey  are  enoiels,  lb  the 
propounding  and  anfwering  of  them  doth  more  hinder  tlian  pro- 
mote Edification. 

He  is  not  to  reft  in  general  Doflrine,  although  never  fo  much 
cleared  and  confirmed,  but  to  bring  it  iicme  to  Ipecial  Lie,  by  Ap- 
plication to  his  Hearers ;  which  albeit  it  prove  a  Work  of  great 
DifRculty  to  himfelf,  requiring  much  Prudence,  Zeal,  and  Aiedi- 
tation,  and  to  the  natural  and  corrupt  A^lan  will  be  very  unplealant ; 
yet  he  is  to  endeavour  to  perform  it  in  fuch  a  Manner,  that  his  Au- 
ditors may  feel  the  Word  of  God  to  be  quick  and  powerful,  and 
a  Difcerner  of  the  Thoughts  and  Intents  of  the  Heart ;  and  that, 
if  any  Unbeliever  or  ignorant  Perfon  be  preient,  he  may  have 
the  Secrets  of  his  Heart  made  manifell,  and  give  Glory  to  God. 

In  the  Ufe  of  Inllruflion  or  Information  in  the  ivnowleage  of 
fome  Truth,  which  is  a  Confequence  from  his  Dofirine,  he  may 
(when  convenient)  confirm  it  by  a  few  firm  Arguments  from  the 
Text  in  hand,  and  other  Places  of  Scripture,  or  iiom  the  Nature 
of  that  Common-Place  in  Divinity,  wiicreof  that  1  ruth  is  a 
Eranch. 

In  Confutation  of  falfe  Doftrines,  he  is  neither  to  raife  an  old 
Herefy  from  the  Grave,  nor  to  mention  a  biuiphenious  Opinion 
unneceflarily  :  But  if  the  People  be  in  danger  of  an  Error,  he  is  to 
confute  it  foundly,  and  endeavour  to  fatisfy  their  Judgments  and 
Confciences  againft  all  Objedions. 

In 


S7l 


574        *  APPENDIX. 

In  exhorting  to  Duties,  he  is,  as  he  feeth  Caufe,  to  teach  alfcJ 
the  Means  that  help  to  the  Performance  of  them. 

In  Dehortation,  Reprehenfion,  and  publick  Admonition  (which 
I'equire  fpecial  Wifdom)  let  him,  as  there  fllall  be  Caufe,  not  only 
difcover  the  Nature  and  Greatnefs  of  the  Sin,  with  the  Mifery  at- 
tending it,  but  alfo  Ihew  the  Danger  his  Hearers  are  in  to  be  over- 
taken and  furprized  by  it,  together  with  the  Remedies  and  beft 
Way  to  avoid  it. 

In  applying  Comfort,  whether  general  againft  all  Temptations, 
or  particular  againft  fome  fpecial  Troubles  or  Terrors,  he  is  careful- 
Jy  to  anfwer  fuch  Objedlions,  as  a  troubled  Heart  and  afHifted  Spi- 
rit may  fuggeft  to  the  contrary. 

It  is  alfo  fometimes  requifite  to  give  fome  Notes  of  Trial  (which 
is  very  profitable,  efpecially  when  performed  by  able  and  experien- 
ced Minifters,  with  Circumfpeftion  and  Prudence,  and  the  Signs 
clearly  grounded  on  the  holy  Scripture)  whereby  the  Hearers  may 
be  able  to  examine  themfelves,  whether  they  have  attained  thofe 
Graces,  and  performed  thofe  Duties  to  which  he  exhorteth,  or  be 
guilty  of  the  Sin  reprehended,  and  in  danger  of  the  Judgments 
threatened,  or  are  fuch  to  whom  the  Confolations  propounded  do 
belong ;  that  accordingly  they  may  be  quicken' d  and  excited  to 
Duty,  humbled  for  their  Wants  and  Sins,  afFedled  with  their  Dan- 
ger, and  ftrengthned  with  Comfort,  as  their  Condition  upon  Exa- 
mination fhall  require. 

And,  as  he  needeth  not  always  to  profecute  every  Do6lrine 
which  lies  in  his  Text,  fo  is  he  wiiely  to  make  Choice  of  fuch  Ufes, 
as,  by  his  Refidence  and  Converfmg  with  his  Flock,  he  findeth 
moft  needful  and  feafonable ;  and,  amongft  thefe,  fuch  as  may 
moft  draw  their  Souls  to  Chrift,  the  Fountain  of  Light,  Holinel's 
and  Comfort. 

This  Method  is  not  prefcribed  as  necelTary  for  every  Man,  or  up- 
on every  Text ;  but  only  recommended,  as  being  found  by  Expe- 
rience to  be  very  much  blefied  of  God,  and  very  helpful  for  the 
Peoples  Underltandings  and  Memories. 

But  the  Servant  of  Chrift,  whatever  his  Method  be,  is  to  perform 
his  whole  Miniftry, 

1 .  Painfully,  not  doing  the  Work  of  the  Lord  negligently. 

2.  Plainly,  that  the  meaneft  may  under ftand,  delivering  the 
Truth,  not  in  the  enticing  Words  of  A'lan's  Wifdom,  but  in  De- 
monftration  of  the  Spirit  and  of  Power,  left  the  Crofs  of  Chrift 
fhould  be  made  of  none  Effeft ;  abltaining  alfo  from  an  unprof  ta- 
ble Ufe  of  unknown  Tongues,  ftrange  Phrafes,  and  Cadences  of 
Sounds  and  Words,  fparingly  citing  Sentences  of  Ecclefxaftical,  or 
other  human  Writers,  Ancient  or  Modern,  be  they  never  fo  elegant. 

3.  Faithfully,  looking  at  the  Honour  of  Chrift,  the  Converfion, 
Edification  and  Salvation  of  the  People,  not  at  his  own  Gain  or 
Glory,  keeping  nothing  back  which  may  promote  thofe  holy  Ends, 
giving  to  every  one  his  own  Portion,  and  bearing  iiidifFerent  Re- 

fpefl 


APPENDIX.  S7S 

fpedl  unto  all,    without  neg!c<!^Ing  the   iMcancIl,    or  fparing  the 
Greatdll  in  their  Sins. 

4.  Wifely,  framing  all  his  Do£trines,  Exhortations,  and  efpe- 
cially  his  Reproofs,  in  fuch  a  Manner  as  may  be  moll  likely  to  pre- 
Aail,  fhewing  all  due  Refpcd  to  each  Man's  Peffon  and  Place,  and 
not  mixing  his  own  Paffion  or  Bitternefs. 

5.  Gravely,  as  becometh  the  Word  of  God,  fliunnihg  all  fuch 
Gellure,  \'oice  and  Expreflions,  as  may  occafion  the  Corruptions 
of  Men  to  delpife  him  and  his  Miniltry. 

6.  With  loving  AfFedion,  that  the  People  may  fee  all  coming 
from  his  godly  Zeal,  and  hearty  Defirc  to  do  them  good.     And, 

7.  As  taught  of  God,  and  pcrfv/aded  in  his  own  Heart,  that  all 
that  he  teacheth  is  the  Truth  of  ChriH ;  and  walking  before  his 
Flock,  as  an  Example  to  them  in  it;  earneflly,  both  in  Private 
and  fublick,  recommending  his  Labours  to  the  BleiTmg  of  God, 
and  watchfully  looking  to  himfelf  and  the  Flock,  whereof  tiie 
Lord  hath  made  him  Overfeer :  So  (hall  the  Doftrine  of  Truth  be 
preferved  uncorrupt,  many  Souls  converted  and  bui'.t  up,  aixi  him- 
felf receive  manifold  Comforts  of  his  Labours,  even  in  this  Life, 
and  afterward  the  Crown  of  Glory  laid  up  for  him  in  the  World  t9 
come. 

Where  there  are  more  Miniflers  in  a  Congregation  than  one, 
and  they  of  difterent  Gifts,  each  may  more  efpecially  apply  himlchf 
to  Doctrine  or  Exhortation,  according  to  the  Gift  wherein  he  moll 
cxcelleth,  and  as  they  fhall  agree  between  themfelves. 

•  Of  Pra\'cr  after  Ser?nof!. 

TH  E  Sermon  being  ended,  the  Miniiler  is,  "  To  give  Thanks 
"  for  the  great  Love  of  God,  in  fending  his  Son  Jelus  Chrift 
"  unto  us  j  for  the  Communication  of  his  Holy  Spirit;  for  the 
"  Light  and  Liberty  of  tlie  glorious  Gofpel,  and  the  rich  and  hea- 
"  venly  Bleflings  revealed  therein  ;  as  namely.  Election,  \^oca- 
"  tion.  Adoption,  Jullihcation,  Sanftihcation,  and  Hope  of  Glo- 
"  ry  i  for  the  admirable  Goodnefs  of  God,  in  freeing  the  Land 
"  from  Antichrillian  Darknefs  and  Tyranny,  and  for  all  other 
"  National  Deliverajices ;  for  the  Reformation  of  Religion  j  for 
"  the  Covenant;  and  for  many  temporal  Bleflings. 

"  To  pray  for  the  Continuance  of  the  Gofpel,  and  all  Ordinan- 
*'  ces  thereof,  in  their  Purity,  Power  and  Liberty :  To  turn  the 
"  chief  and  moil:  ufeful  Heads  of  the  Sermon  into  fome  few  Peti- 
"  tions ;  and  to  pray  that  it  may  abide  in  the  Heart,  and  bring 
"  forth  Fruit. 

"  To  pray  for  Preparation  for  Death  and  Judgment,  and  a 
"  Watching  for  the  Coming  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Clirill :  To  entreat 
"  of  God  the  Forgivenefs  of  the  Iniquities  of  our  holy  Thing?, 
•'  and  the  Acceptation  of  our  fpiritual  Sacrifice,  through  the  Merit 
'  and  Mediation  of  our  great  High  Prieft  and  Saviour  the  Lord 
■*  Jefus  Chrift. 

And 


576  APPENDIX. 

And  becaufe  the  Prayer  which  Chriit  taught  his  Difciples,  13 
not  only  a  Pattern  of  Prayer,  but  it  leif  a  moft  comprehenfive 
Prayer,  we  recommend  it  alio  to  be  ufed  in  the  Prayers  of  the 
Church. 

And  whereas,  at  the  Adminiftration  of  the  Sacraments,  the 
holding  Publick  Falls,  and  Days  of  Thankfgiving,  and  other  fpe- 
cial  Gccafions,  which  may  alford  Matter  of  fpecial  Petitions  and 
Thankigivings,  it  is  requilite  to  exprels  fomtwhat  in  our  publick 
Prayers  (as  at  this  Time,  it  is  our  Duty  to  pray  for  a  Bleffmg  up- 
on the  Affembly  of  Divines,  the  Armies  by  Sea  and  Land,  for 
the  Defence  of  the  King,  Parliament,  and  Kingdom  ;)  Every  Mi- 
niiler  is  herein  to  apply  himfe^f  in  his  Prayer,  before  or  after  Ser- 
mon, to  thoie  Occaiions ;  but  for  the  Manner,  he  is  left  to  his  Li- 
berty, as  God  fliall  diredl  and  enable  him,  in  Piety  and  Wifdom 
to  discharge  his  Duty. 

The  Prayer  ended,  let  a  Pfalm  be  fung,  if  with  Conveniency  it 
may  be  done.  After  which  (unlefs  fome  other  Ordinance  of 
Chrift,  that  concerneth  the  Congregation  at  that  Time,  be  to  fol- 
low) let  the  Minifter  difmifs  tiie  Congregation  with  a  folemn 
BlelTmg. 

The  Adminiftration  of  the  Sacraments. 

And  firft.    Of  Baptifm. 

I  Aptifm,  as  it  is  not  unneceffarily  to  be  delayed^  fo#it  is  not  to 
be  adminilter'd  in  any  Caie  by  any  private  Perfon,  but  by. 
a  Miniiler  of  Chrift,  called  to  be  the  Stev^ard  of  the  Myfteries  of 
God. 

In  or  is  it  to  be  adniinifterM  in  private  Places,  or  Privately,  but 
in  the  Place  of  publick  Worfnip,  and  in  the  Face  of  the  Congrega- 
tion, where  the  People  may  moft  conveniently  fee  and  hear,  and 
not  in  the  Places  where  Fonts,  in  the  Time  of  Popery,  were  unlit- 
ly  and  fuperftitioufly  placed. 

The  Child  to  be  baptized,  after  Notice  given  to  the  Minifter 
the  Day  before,  is  to  be  prefented  by  the  Father,  or  (in  cafe  of  his 
neceffary  Abfencc)  by  fome  Chriftian  Friend  in  his  Place,  profef- 
fmg  his  earneft  Defire  that  the  Child  may  be  baptized. 

Before  Baptifm,  the  Minifter  is  to  ufe  ibme  Words  of  Inftruftion, 
touching  tlie  Lillitution,  Nature,  Ufe,  and  Ends  of  this  Sacra- 
ment :  Shewing, 

"  That  it  is  inftituted  by  ouf  Lord  Jefus  Chrift  ;  that  it  is  a 
*'  Seal  of  the  Covenant  of  Grace,  of  oar  Ingrafting  into  Chrift, 
"  and  of  our  Union  with  him,  of  Remiffion  of  Sins,  Regenera- 
"  tion.  Adoption,  and  Life  eternal.  That  the  Water  in  Baptifm 
•'  reprcfenteth  and  fignifieth,  both  the  Blood  of  Chrift,  which  ta- 
**  ketii  away  all  Guilt  of  Sin,  original  and  a6lual ;  and  the  fandli- 
i  *'  fying 


APPENDIX.  B77 

*'  fying  Vertue  of  the  Spirit  of  Chrift  againll  the  Dominion  of 

"  Sin,  and  the  Corruption  of  our  finful  Nature:  That  Baptizing, 

*'  or  Sprinkling  and  Wafliing  with  Water,  figniiicth  the  Ckanfmg 

"  from  Sin  by  the  Blood,  and  for  the  Merit  ofChrill,  togetJier 

"  with  the  Moriirtcation  of  Sin,  and  Rifmg  from  Sin  to  Newnefs 

''  of  Life,   by  \'ertue  of  tlie  Death  and  Refurreftion  of  Chrill : 

"  That  the  Promife  is  made  to  Believers  and  their  Seed  ;  and  that 

"  the  Seed  and  Polterity  of  the  Faithful,  bom  within  the  Churcli, 

"  have,  by   their  Birth,  Intcrell  in  the  Covenant,  and  Right  to 

"  the  Seal  of  it,  and  to  the  outward  Privileges  of  the  Church,  un- 

"  der  the  Gofpel,   no  lefs  than  the  CkWdxarX  of  Jbrabam  m  the 

"  Time  of  the  Old  Teftament ;  the  Covenant  of  Grace,  for  Sub- 

"  ftance,  being  the  fame  ;    and  the  Grace  of  God,  and  the  Confo- 

"  lation  of  Believer:^,  more  plentifid  than  before:  That  the  Son  of 

"  God  admitted  little  Children  into  his  Prefence,  embracing  and 

*'  bleffing  them,  faying.  For  of  fuch  is  the  Kingdom  of  God :  That 

"  Children,  by  Baptiim,  are  iblemnly  received  into  the  Bofom  of 

"  the  vifjble   Church,  dirtinguiflied  from  the  World,    and  them 

"  that  are  without,  and  united  with  Believers ;    and  that  all  who 

"  are  baptized  in  the  Name  of  Chrift,  do  renounce,  and,  by  their 

*'  Baptifm,  are  bound  to  fight  againft  the  Devil,  the  World,  and 

"  the  Flelh  :    That  they  are  Chriftians,  and  fcederally  holy  before 

"  Baptifm,    and  therefore  are   they  baptized  :    That  the  inward 

"  Grace  and  Vertue  of  Baptifm,  is  not  tied  to  that  very  Moment 

"  of  Time  wherein  it  is  adminifter'd,  and  that  the  Fruit  and  Power 

"  thereof  reacheth  to  the  whole  Courfe  of  our  Life  ;  and  that  out- 

"  ward  Baptifm  is  not  fo  neceflary,  that  through  the  Want  there- 

"  of  the  Inf-int  is  in  danger  of  Damnation,  or  the  Parents  guilty, 

•*  if  they  do  not  contemn  or  negledl  the  Ordinance  of  Chrift,  when 

"  and  where  it  may  be  had." 

In  thefe,  or  the  like  Inftrudlions,  the  Minifter  is  to  ufe  his  own 
Liberty  and  godly  Wifdom,  as  the  Ignorance  or  Errors  in  tlie  Do- 
drine  of  Baptifm,  and  the  Edification  of  the  People  fhall  require. 

He  is  alfo  to  admo):ifh  all  that  are  prefent, 
"  To  look  back  to  their  Baptifm  ;  to  repent  of  their  Sins  againft 
**  their  Covenant  with  God  ;  to  ftir  up  their  Faith  ;  to  improve 
*'  and  make  the  right  Ufe  of  their  Baptifm,  and  of  ths  Covenant 
"  fealed  thereby  bet\vixt  God  and  their  Souls." 

He  is  to  exhort  the  Parent, 

"  To  confider  the  great  Mercy  of  God  to  him  and  his  Child  ; 
"  to  bring  up  the  Child  in  the  Knowledge  of  the  Grounds  of  the 
"  Chriftian  Religion,  and  in  the  Nurture  and  Admonition  of  the 
"  Lord  ;  and  to  let  him  know  the  Danger  of  God's  Wrath  to  him- 
"  felf  and  Child,  if  he  be  negligent ;  requiring  his  folemn  Promife 
"  for  the  Performance  of  his  Duty." 

Vol.  in.  P  p  This 


578  APPENDIX. 

This  being  doney  Prayer  is  alfo  to  be  joined  with  the  Word  of 
Inllitution,  for  fandlifying  the  Water  to  this  fpiritual  Ufe  ;  and  the 
Mii^iikn-  is  to  pray  to  this  or  the  like  EfFedl, 

"  That  the  Lord,  wiio  hatli  not  leftiis  as  Strangers  without  the 
•'  Covenant  of  Proraife,  but  called  us  to  the  Privileges  effhis  Or- 
"  dinances,  would  gracioufly  vouchfafe  to  fanftify  and  blefs  his 
"  ov.n  Ordinance  of  Baptii'm -at  this  Time  :  That  he  would  join 
"  tlie  inward  BaptiGn  of  his  Spirit  with  the  outward  Baptifm  of 
*'  Water ;  make  this  Baptifm  to  the  Infant  a  Seal  of  Adoption, 
"  Remiffion  of  Sin,  Regeneration,  and  eternal  Life,  and  all  other 
*'  Promifes  of  the  Covenant  of  Grace :  That  the  Child  may  be  , 
"  planted  into  the  Likenefs  of  the  Death  and  Refurreclion  of 
"  Clirift ;  and  that  the  Body  of  Sin  being  deftroyed  in  him,  he 
^'  may  ferve  God  in  Newneis  of  Life  all  his  Days." 

Then  the  A-Iinifter  is  to  demand  the  Name  of  the  Child,  which, 
being  told  him,  he  is  to  fay  (calling  the  Child  by  his  Name.) 

I  baptize  thee  in  the  Name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  So7!,  and  of 
t^£  Iloly  Gkoji. 

As  he  pronounceth  thefe  Words  he  is  to  baptize  the  Child  with 
Water  ;  which,  for  the  Manner  of  doing  it,  is  not  only  lawful 
bjut  fufhcient,  and  moft  expedient  to  be,  by  pouring  or  fprinkling 
of  the  Water  on  the  Face  of  the  Child,  without  adding  any  other 
Ceremony. 

This  done,  he  is  to  give  Thanks,  and  pray  to  this  or  the  like 
Purpofe  ; 

"  Aclcnowledging  with  all  Thankfulnefs,  that  the  Lord  is  True 
*'  and  Faithful  in  keeping  Covenant  and  Mercy  ;  that  he  is  Good 
*'  and  Gracious,  not  only  in  that  he  numbreth  us  among  his  Saints, 
"  but  is  pleafed  alfo  to  bellow  upon  our  Children  this  fmgular 
*'  Token  and  Badge  of  his  Love  in  Chriil :  That,  in  his  Truth 
*'  and  fpecial  Providence,  he  daily  bringetli  fome  into  the  Bofom  of 
"  his  Church,  to  be  Partakers  of  his  ineilimable  Benefits,  purcha- 
*'  fed  by  the  Blood  of  his  dear  Son,  for  the  Continuance  and  In- 
**  creafe  of  his  Church. 

*'  And  praying.  That  the  Lord  would  flill  continue,  and  daily 
"  confirm  more  and  more  this  his  unfpeakable  Favour  :  That  he 
"  would  receive  the  Infant,  now  baptized,  and  folenmly  enter'd 
"  into  the  Houlhold  of  Faith,  into  his  Fatherly  Tuition  and  De- - 
"  fence,  and  remember  him  with  the  Favour  that  he  Ihev.eth  to  his 
"  People  :  That,  if  he  fhall  be  taken  out  of  this  Life  in  his  Infan- 
"  cy,  the  Lord,  who  is  rich  in  Mercy,  would  be  pleafed  to  re- 
**  ceive  him  up  into  Glory  ;  and  if  he  live,  and  attain  the  Years  of 
*'  Difcretion,  that  the  Lord  would  fo  teach  him  by  his  Word  and 
*'  Spirit,  and  make  his  Baptifm  efieflual  to  him,  and  fo  uphold 
"  him  by  his  Divine  Power  and  Graca,  that  by  Faith  Jie  may  pre- 
**  vftil  againft  the  Devil,   the  World,  and  {lie  Flefli,  till  in  tJie 

«  End 


A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X.  579 

'•  End  he  obtain  a  full  and  final  Vidlory,  and  lb  be  kept  by  the 
"  Power  of  God  through  Faith  unto  Salvation,  through  Jefus 
"  Chriil  our  Lord." 

Of  the  Celchri;tioH  of  the  Communion^  or  Sacrament  of  the  Lord''s 

Supper. 
'^~'  H  E  Communion,  or  Sup[-)er  of  the  Lord,  is  frequently  to  be 
I  celebrated  :  But  how  often,  may  be  confidered,  and  deter- 
mined by  die  Alinifters,  and  other  Church-Governors  of  each  Con- 
gregation, as  they  ihall  find  moll  convenient  for  the  Comfort  and 
Edification  of  the  People  committed  to  their  Charge.  And  when  it 
(hall  be  adminiiler'd,  we  judge  it  convenient  to  be  done  after  the 
Morning  Sermon. 

The  Ignorant  and  the  Scandalous  are  not  fit  to  receive  this  Sa- 
crament of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

Where  this  Sacrament  cannot  with  Convenience  be  frequently 
adminiiler'd,  it  is  re'quifite  that  publick  Warning  be  given  the  Sab- 
bath Day  before  the  Adminillration  thereof:  And  that  either  thenj 
or  on  fome  Day  of  that  Week,  lomething  concerning  that  Ordi- 
nance, and  the  due  Preparation  thereunto,  and  Participation  there- 
of, be  taught ;  that,  by  the  diligent  Ufe  of  all  Means  fanclified  of 
God  to  that  End,  both  in  Pub'iick  and  Private,  all  may  come  bet- 
ter prepared  to  that  heavenly  Fealt. 

When  the  Day  is  come  for  Adminillration,  the  Miniiler,  having 
ended  his  Sermon  and  Prayer,  (hall  make  a  fhort  Exhortation  ; 

"  Exprefling  the  ineflimable  Benefit  we  have  by  this  Sacrament  ;' 
"  together  with  the  Ends  and  Ufe  thereof:  Setting  forth  the  great 
"  Neceflity  of  having  our  Comforts  and  Strength  renewed  thereby, 
"  in  this  our  Pilgrimage  and  Warfare  :  How  Neceflary  it  is,  that 
"  we  come  unto  it  with  Knowledge,  Faith*  Repentance,  Love, 
"  and  with  hungring  and  tliirlling  Souls  after  Chriil  and  his  Bene- 
"  fits  :  How  great  the  Danger  to  eat  and  drink  unworthily. 

"  Next,  he  is,  in  the  Name  of  Chriil,  on  the  one  Part,  to 
"  warn  all  fuch  as  are  Ignorant,  Scandalous,  Profane,  or  that 
"  live  in  any  Sin  or  Offence  againil  their  Knowledge  or  Confci- 
"  ence,  tliat  they  prefume  not  to  come  to  that  holy  Table  ;  fllew- 
"  ing  them.  That  he  that  Eateth  and  Drinketh  Unworthily,  Eat- 
"  cth  and  Drinketh  Judgment  unto  himielf :  And  on  the  other 
"  part,  he  is  in  efpecial  Manner  to  invite  and  encourage  al!  that 
''  labour  under  the  Scnfe  of  the  Burden  of  their  Sins,  and  Fear  of 
•■  \^.'rath,  and  Defire  to  reach  out  unto  a  greater  Progrefs  in  Grace' 
"  than  yet  they  can  attain  unto,  to  come  to  the  Lord's  Table ; 
"  ^afliiring  them,  in  the  fame  Name,  of  Eafe,  Refrefhfng,  and 
"  Strength,  to  their  weak  and  wearied  Souls."  » 

After  this  Exhortation,  Warning,    and  Invitation,    the  Tabic 

Icing  before  decently  covered,  and  lb  conveniently  placed  that  the 

C  vnmunicants  may  orderly  fit  about  it,  or  at  it,  the  Minifler  is  to 

begin  the  Adion  with  fanftifying  and  bleffing  the- Elements  of 

P  p  2  Bread 


S^o  APPENDIX. 

Bread  and  Wine  fet  before  him  (the  Bread  in  comely  and  conveni-- 
ent  Veffeis,  (o  prepared,  that  being  broken  by  liim,  and  given, 
it  may  be  dillributed  amongil  the  Communicants  :  The  Wine  alfo 
in  large  Cups  ;)  having  firlt  in  a  few  Words  fhewed,  That  thofe 
Elements,  otherwife  common,  are  now  fet  apart  and  fanftilied  to 
this  holy  Ufe,  by  the  Word  of  Inftitution  and  Prayer. 

Let  the  WcrIs  of  Inftitution  be  read  out  of  the  Evangelifts,  or 
out  of  tlie  frft  Epiftie  of  the  Apoltle  Pau/  to  tJie  Corinthiaizs,  Chap. 
xi.  verle  23.  I  ha'ue  recet'ved  of  the  Lord,  £cc.  to  the  27  th  Verfe, 
which  the  Miniller  may,  when  he  feeth  requifite,  explain  and 
apply. 

Let  the  Prayer,  Thankfgiving,  or  BlefTmg  of  the  Bread  and 
Wiae,  be  to  this  Effedl ; 

J  ITH  humble  and  hearty  Acknowledgment  of  the  Grcat- 
nefs  of  our  Mifery,  from  which  neither  Alan  nor  Angel 
"  was  able  to  deliver  us,  and  of  our  great  Unworthinefs  of  the 
*'  leall  of  all  God's  A'lercies ;  to  give  I'hanks  to  God  for  all  his 
"  Eer.eiltr,  and  efpecially  for  that  great  Beneft  of  our  Redemption, 
"  the  Love  of  God  the  Father,  the  Sufferings  and  Merits  of  the 
*'  Lord  Jeius  Chrilt  the  Son  of  God,  by  which  we  are  delivered  ; 
*'  and  icr  all  Means  of  Grace,  the  Word  and  Sacraments ;  and 
*'  for  this  Sacram.ent  in  particular,  by  which  Chriil,  and  all  his 
"  Benefits,  are  applied  and  fealed  up  unto  us,  which,  not- 
"  withllanding  the  Denial  of  them  unto  others,  are  in  great 
*'  Mercy  continued  unto  us,  after  fo  much  and  long  abufe  of 
«'  them  all. 

*'  To  profefs,  that  there  is  no  other  Name  under  Heaven  by 
*'  which  we  can  be  iaved,  but  the  Name  of  Jefas  Chrift,  by  whom 
"  alone  weVeceive  Liberty  and  Lite,  have  Accefs  to  the  Throne  of 
"  Grace,  are  admitted  to  eat  and  drink  at  his  ov/n  Table,  and  are 
*'  fealed  up  by  his  Spirit  to  an  Aflurance  of  Happinefs  and  everlaft- 
"  ing  Life. 

"  EarnelV.y  to  pray  to  God,  the  Father  of  all  Mercies,  and 
**  God  of'Al  Confclaticn,  to  vouchfafe  his  gracious  Prefence,  and 
*'  the  effeclual  Working  of  his  Spirit  in  us,  and  fo  to  fandify  thefe 
♦'  Elements,  both  of  Bread  and  Wine,  and  to  blefs  his  own  Ordi- 
"  nance,  that  we  may  receive,  by  Faith,  the  Body  and  Blood  of 
"  Jefus  Chriil  crucified  for  us,  and  lo  to  feed  upon  him,  that  he 
*'  may  be  one  vvirh  us,  and  we  with  him  ;  that  he  may  live  in  us, 
"  and  we  in  him,  and  t^  him,  who  liath  loved  us,  and  given  him- 
«'  felfforus." 

All  which  he  is  to  endeavour  to  perform  witli  fuitable  AfFedli- 
ons,  anfwerable  to  fuch  an_  lioly  Adion,  and  to  Itir  up  tlie  like  in 
the  People. 

The  Elements  being  now  fandified  by  the  Word  and  Prayer,  the 
^IiniI^er,  being  at  the  Table,  is  to  take  the  Bread  in  his  Hand, 

and 


APPENDIX.  5S1 

and  fay,  in  thefe  Expreflions  (or  other  the  like,  ufcJ  by  Chril^,  or 

his  ApolUe  upon  this  Occafion  :) 

"  According  to  the  holy  JnlUtution,  Command,  and  Example 
of  our  blelled  Saviour  Jefus  Chrilt,  I  take  this  Bread,  and  iia- 
ving  given  Thanks,  I  bre;ik  it,  and  give  it  unto  you  (Die re 
the  Minillcr,  who  is  alfo  iiinifeif  to  commupicr-te,  is  to  break 
the  Bread  and  give  it  to  the  Communicants  :)  Take  yc,  eat  yu ; 
This  is  the  Body  of  Ch>ijl  --which  is  brokatfor you  ;  Do  this  in  Ri- 
tnembrance  of  him  P 
In  like   Manner   the  Minifter  is   to  take  the  Cup,  and  fay,   in 

thcfe  Expreflions  (or  other  tlic  like,  u'cd  by  Chrilt,  oc  tlie  Apollle, 

upon  the  iame  Occafion  ;) 

"  According  to  the  Inltitution,  Command,  and  Example  of  cur 

*'  Lord  Jefus  Clirilt,  I  take  this  Cup,  and  give  it  unto  you  (Here 

"  he  giveth  it  to  the  Communicant;^)   This  Cup  is  the  Ne-zu  Trfa- 

"  mentintheBhodofChriJi,   nxihich  is  ficd  for  the  Remifjhn  of  the 

*'  Sins  of  ma^iy  ;   Drink  ye  all  of  it." 

After  all  have  communicated,     the  Minifler  may,    in  a  few 

Words,  put  them  in  mind, 

"  Of  the  Grace  of  God,  in  Jefus  Chrift,  held  forth  in  this  Sa- 

"  crament ;  and  exhort  them  to  walk  worthy  of  it." 
The  Miniller  is  to  give  folemn  Thanks  to  God, 
"  P'or  his  rich  Mercy,  and  invriluable  Goodnefs  vouchsafed  to 

''  them  'n  that  Sacrament ;  and  to  entreat  forPaidon  for  the  De- 

"  feftscf  the  whcle  Service,  and  for  the  gracious  Aififlance  of  his 

*'  gcol  Spirit,    whe:ejy  they  may   be  enabled  to   walk  in  the 

*'  Strength  of  that  Grace,  as  becometli  thofe  wiio  iuve  rtceivtd  fo 

*'  great  Pledges  of  Salvation/' 

The  Collection  for  the  Poor  is  fo  to  be  ordered,  that  no  part  of 

the  Publick  WorHiip  be  thereby  hindered. 

Of  the  SanSiification  of  the  Lord's  Day. 

TH  E  Lord's  Day  ought  to  be  fo  remember'd  before-hand,  as 
that  all  worldly  Bufmefs  of  our  ordinary  Callings  may  be 
fo  ordered,  and  fo  timely  and  feafonably  laid  aiide,  as  they  may 
not  be  Impediments  to  the  due  Sanctifying  of  the  Day  when  it 
comes. 

The  whole  Day  is  to  be  celebrated  as  Holy  to  the  Lord,  both 
in  publick  and  private,  as  being  the  Chrillian  Sabbitii.  To  wjuch 
end,  it  is  requifite,  that  there  be  a  holy  Cefiaticn,  or  Reflinor  all 
the  Day,  from  all  unneceflary  Labours  ;  and  an  Abilaining,  not 
only  from  all  Sports  and  Paftimes,  but  alio  from  all  worldly  Words 
and  Thought;^. 

That  the  Diet  on  that  Day  be  fo  ordered,  as  that  neither  Ser- 
vants be  unneccflarily  detained  from  the  Publick  Worfliip  of  God, 
nor  any  other  Perfons  hijider'd  from  the  fa^idifying  that  Da  v. 

That  there  be  private  Preparation  of  every  Perfon  and  Fr.milv, 
b^  Prayer  for  themfelves,  and  for  God's  Afliftance  of  the  Mi^ulicr, 

P  p  3  and 


582  APPENDIX. 

nnd  for  a  Bleffing  upon  his  Minifay  ;  and  by  fuch  other  holy  Exex- 
ciles,  'as  may  further  difpofe  them  to  a  more  comfortable  Commu- 
nion with  God  in  his  Publick  Ordinances. 

That  all  the  People  meet  fo  timely  for  Publick  Worfhip,  that 
the  whole  Congregation  may  be  prefent  at  the  Beginning,  and  with 
one  Heart  folemnly  join  together  in  all  Farts  of  tLe  Publick  Wor- 
fhip, and  not  depart  .till  after  the  Bleffing. 

That  V,  hat  Time  is  vacant,  between,  or  after  the  folemn  Meet- 
ings of  tlie  Congregation  in  Publick,  be  fpent  in  Re;iuiag,  Medita- 
tion, Pvcpetitiou  ol  Sermons  ;  (efpecially  by  calling  their  Families 
to  an  Account  of  what  tiiey  have  heard)  and  Catechizing  of  them, 
holy  Conferences,  Prayer  for  a  Bieiling  upon  the  Publick  Ordinan- 
ces, Singing  ct  Pfalms,  Vifiting  the  Sick,  Relieving  the  Poor,  and 
fuch  like  Duties  of  Piety,  Charity  and  Mercy,  accounting  the  Sab- 
bath a  Delight. 

7he  Solemnizatkn  of  Marriage, 
A  Lthough  Marriage  be  no  Sacrament,  nor  peculiar  to  the 
±\..  Chifrch  of  God,  but  common  to  A-Iankind,  and  of  Publick 
IntereiL  in  eveiy  Commonwealth  ;  yet,  becaufe  luch  as  marry  are 
to  marry  in  the  Lord,  and  hr.ve  fpecial  Need  of  InftruCtion,  Dire- 
ction, 2i;d  Exhortation,  from  the  Word  of  God,  at  their  entring 
into  fuch  a  new  Condition  ;  and  of  the  Bleffing  of  God  upon  them 
therein  j  we  judge  it  expedient,  that  Marriage  be  fclemnized  by  a 
lawfal  Miniiler  of  the  Word,  that  he  m.ay  accordingly  counfei  them, 
and  pray  for  a  Bleffing  upon  them. 

Ivl:;rriage  is  to  be  betwixt  one  Man  and  one  Woman  only  ;  and 
they,  fuch  as  are  not  within  the  Degrees  of  Confangulnity  or  Affi- 
nity prohibited  by  tlie  Word  of  God  ;  and-  the  Parties  are  to  be  of 
Years  of  Dil'cretion,  fit  to  make  their  own  Choice,  or,  upon  good 
Grounds,  to  give  their  mutual  Confent. 

Before  the  Solemnizing  of  Marriage  between  any  Pei-fons,  their 
Purpofe  of  Marriage  fhall  be  publiflred  by  the  Minifter,  three  feve- 
ral  Sabbath  Days,  in  the  Congregation  at  the  Ploce  or  Places  of 
their  moll  ufual  and  conftant  Abode  refpedlively.  And  of  this  Pub- 
lication, the  Miniller  who  is  to  join  them  in  Marriage,  fliall  have 
fufficient  Teftimony,  before  he  proceed  to  folemnizc  the  Marriage. 

Before  that  Publication  of  fuch  their  Purpofe  (if  the  Parties  be 
under  Age)  the  Confent  cf  the  Parents,  or  others  under  whofe  Power 
tliey  are  (in  cafe  the  Parents  be  dead)  is  to  be  made  known  to  the 
Church  Officers  of  that  Congregation  to  be  recorded. 

I'he  like  is  to  be  obfervcd  in  the  Proceedings  of  all  others,  al- 
tliough  of  Age,  whofe  Parents  are  living,  for  their  fir  ft  Marriage. 
And  in  after  Marriages  of  either  of  thofe  Parties,  they  ffiall  be  ex- 
horted not  to  contraft  Marriage  without  firil  acquainting  their  Pa- 
rents with  it  (if  with  Convenicncy  it  may  be  done)  endeavouring  to 
t' '-'"  theii-  Confent. 

parents 


\A  P  P  E  N  D  I  ]C.  SH 

Parents  ouglu  not  to  force  their  Children  to  marry  without  their 
free  Confent,  nor  deny  their  own  Coni'cnt  without  jull  Caufe. 

After  the  Purpofe  or  Contrad  of  Marriage  hatii  been  thub  publifh- 
ed,  the  Marriage  is  not  to  be  long  deferred.  Therefore  the  Mini- 
ller,  having  had  convenient  Warning,  and  nothing  being  objected 
to  hinder  ir,  is  publickly  to  folcmni?^  it  in  the  Piace  appointed  by 
Autliority  for  Publick  WorOiip,  before  a  competent  is  umber  of 
credible  Witneffes,  at  fomc  convenient  Hour  ot  the  Day,  at  any 
7'ime  of  tlie  Year,  except  on  a  Day  of  publick  Humiliation.  And 
we  advife  that  it  be  not  on  the  Lord's  Day. 

And  becaufe  all  Relations  are  laniicified  by  the  Word  and  Prayer, 
the  Minilter  is  to  pray  for  a  Blefling  upon  tliem,  to  this  Eftecl ; 

"  Acknowledging  our  Sins,  whereby  we  have  made  our  feives 
*'  lefs  than  the  leaft  of  all  the  Mercies  of  God,  and  provoked  hiih 
*'  to  imbitter  all  our  Comforts ;  eamefdy,  in  the  Name  of  Chrifl, 
"  to  entreat  the  Lord  (whofe  Prefence  and  Favour  is  the  Happi- 
**  nefe  of  every  Condition,  and  fweetens  every  Relation)  to  be  their 
*'  Portion,  and  to  own  and  accept  them  in  Chriit^,  who  are  now 
*'  to  be  jcined  in  the  honourable  Eftate  of  Marri.;ge,  the  Covenant 
"  of  their  God:  And  that,  as  he  hath  brought  them  together  by 
"  his  Providence,  he  woald  fanftify  them  by  his  Spirit,  giving 
*'  them  a  new  Frame  of  Heart,  fit  for  their  new  Eftate  ;  enricii- 
"  ing  them  with  all  Grace?,  whereby  they  may  perform  tlie 
"  Duties,  enjoy  the  Comfort?,  undergo  the  Cares,  and  refill 
*'  the  Temptations  which  accompany  that  Condition,  as  becometh 
"  ChrilHans." 

The  Prayer  being  ended,  it  is  convenient  that  the  Minifter  do 
briefly  declare  unto  them  out  of  the  Scripture, 

"  The  Inllitution,  Ufe,  and  Ends  of  Marriage,  with  the  Con- 
"  jugal  Duties,  which,  ih  all  Faithful nef;;,  they  are  to  perfoiTri 
"  each  to  other;  exhorting  them  to  itudy  the  holy  Word  of  God, 
"  that  they  may  leam  to  live  by  Faith,  and  to  be  content  in  the 
"  Midll  of  all  'vlarriage- Cares  and  Troubles,  fanftifying  God's 
*'  Name,  in  a  thankful,  fober,  and  holy  Ufe  of  all  conjugal 
*'  Comforts  ;  praying  much  with,  and  for  one  another ;  watch- 
"  ing  over,  and  provoking  each  otr.er  to  Love  and  good 
"  'Works ;  and  to  li\e  together  as  the  Heirs  of  the  Grace  of 
"  Life." 

After  folemn  Charging  of  the  Perfons  to  be  married  before  the 
great  God,  who  fesrcheth  all  Hearts,  and  to  whom  they  muft 
give  a  ftrict  Account  at  the  laft  Day,  that  if  either  of  them  know 
any  Caufe,  by  Precontraft,  or  otherwife,  why  they  may  not  lavv^- 
fuily  proceed  to  Marriage,  that  they  now  diicover  it  :  The  Mini- 
fter  (if  no  Impediment  be  acknowledged)  fhall  caufe  firft  the  Man 
to  take  the  Woman  by  the  rigiit  Eland,  l:;ying  thefe  Words, 

/  N,  ^(7  take  thee  N.  to  he  jny  married  Wife,  and  do,  in  the  Pre- 
fence  of  God^  e.fid  before  this  Congregation,  prcmife  and  covenant  to  bs 

1'  P  4  « 


5B4  'APPENDIX. 

a  hating  and  faithful  Hufband  unto  thee,  until  God  ffsiall  feparate  us 

hy  Death. 

Then  the  Woman  fhall  take  the  Man  by  his  right  H^d,  and 
fay  thele  Wcrds, 

IN.  do  take  thee  N,  to  be  my  married  Hu/hand,  and  I  do,  in  the 
Prefence  of  God,  and  hi  fore  this  Congregation,  promife  and  covenant 
to  be  a  lo'virg,  faitJful,  and  obedient  U  fe  unto  thee,  until  God  Jhall 

feparate  us  by  Death. 

Then,  without  any  further  Ceremony,  the  Minifter  fhall,  in 
the  Fi'.ce  of  the  Corgrcgation,  pronounce  them  to  be  Hufbcind  and 
Wife,  according  to  God's  Ordinance  ;  and  fo  conclude  the  Adiion 
witn  Prayer,  to  this  Efi^edl ; 

"  That  the  Lord  would  be  pleafed  to  accompany  his  own  Or- 
"  dinance  with  his  Blefiing,  befeeching  him  to  enrich  the  Perfons 
"  now  married,  as  with  other  Pledges  of  his  Love,  fo  particularly 
"  with  the  Comforts  and  Fruits  of  Marri-.ge,  to  the  Praife  of  his 
"  abundant  Mercy,  in  and  through  Chriil  Jeius." 

A  Regifter  is  to  be  carefully  kept,  wherein  the  Names  of  the 
Parties  fo  married,  with  the  Time  of  their  M?iriige,  are  forthwith 
to  be  fairly  recorded  in  a  Book,  provided  for  that  Purpofe,  for  the 
Ferufal  of  all  whom  it  may  concern. 

Concerning  Vijitation  of  the  Sick. 

IT  is  the  Duty  of  the  Mini.Cer,  not  01  ly  to  teach  the  People 
committed  to  his  Charge,  in  Publick  ;  but  privately  and  parti- 
cularly to  admonill),  exhori,  reprove,  and  comfort  them,  upon  ail 
feafonable  Occafions,  fo  far  as  his  Time,  Strength,  and  perfonal 
Safety  will  permit. 

He  is  to  admonifh  them,  in  Time  of  Health,  to  prepare  for 
Dei:th  ;  and,  for  that  Purpofe,  they  arc  ofcen  to  confer  with  their 
Minifter  about  the  Eilate  of  their  Souls  ;  and  in  Times  of  Sicknefs, 
to  defire  his  Advice  and  Help,  timely  and  ieafonably,  before  their 
Strength  and  Underftanding  fail  them. 

Times  of  Sicknefs  and  Affliftion  are  fpecial  Opportunities  put  in- 
to his  Hand  by  God,  to  minifter  a  Word  in  Sealon  to  weary  Souls : 
Becaufe  then  the  Confciences  of  Men  are,  or  fhculd  be  more  a  wa- 
ken'd  to  bethink  themfelves  of  their  fpiritual  Ellates  for  Eternity  ; 
and  Satan  alfo  takes  Advantage  then,  to  load  them  more  with 
fore  and  heavy  Temptations  :  Therefore  the  Minifter  being  fent 
for,  and  repairing  to  the  Sick,  is  to  apply  himielf  Vvith  all  1  endcr- 
neis  and  Love,  to  adminifter  fome  fpiritual  Good  to  Ids  Soul,  to 
this  EfFea. 

He  may,  from  the  Confideration  of  the  prefent  Sicknefs,  in- 
ftruft  him  out  of  Scripture,  that  Difeafes  come  not  by  Chance,  or 
by  ^"~  mpers  of  Body  only,  but  by  the  wife  and  orderly  Guidance 

of 


APPENDIX.  585 

of  tlxc  good  Hand  of  God,  to  every  particular  Perfon  fmittcn  by 
thcni.  And  that,  whether  it  be  laid  upon  him  out  of  Diiplcalurc 
for  Sin,  for  his  Corredion  and  Amendment,  or  for  Trial  and 
Exerciie  of  his  Graces,  or  for  other  fpecial  and  excellent  Ends,  all 
his  Sulferings  Ihall  turn  to  his  Proht,  and  work  together  for  his 
Good,  if  he  fmcerely  labour  to  make  a  fandlifiedUfe  of  God's  Vi- 
fitation,  neither  defpifing  his  Chailning,  nor  waxing  weary  of  his 
Conedion. 

Ifhefufped  him  of  Ignorance,  he  fliall  examine  him  in  tlie 
Principles  of  Religion,  efpecially  touching  Repentance  and  Faith; 
and,  as  he  feeth  Caufc,  inlbuft  him  in  the  Nature,  Uie,  Excel- 
lency, and  NeceiTity  of  thofe  Graces ;  as  alfo  touching  the  Cove- 
nant of  Grace,  and  Chrill  the  Son  of  God,  tJiC  Mediator  of  it, 
and  conce/ning  Remiilion  of  Sins  by  Faith  in  him. 

He  fhall  exhort  the  lick  Perfon  to  examine  himfelf,  to  fearch  and 
try  his  former  Ways,  and  his  Eftate  towards  God. 

And  if  the  fick  Perion  fhall  declare  any  Scruple,  Doubt  or 
Temptation  that  are  upon  him,  Inllruftions  and  Refolutions  fhall 
be  given  to  fatisfy  and  iettle  him. 

If  it  appear  that  he  hath  not  a  due  Sen  e  of  his  Sins,  Endeavours 
ought  to  be  ufcd  to  convince  him  of  his  Sins,  of  the  Guilt  and  De- 
fcrt  of  them  ;  of  the  Filth  and  Pollution  which  the  Soul  contradls 
by  them  ;  and  of  the  Curfe  of  the  Law,  and  Wrath  of  God,  due 
to  them  J  that  he  may  be  truely  afFcded  v  ith,  rnd  humbled  (or 
them  :  And  witha!  to  make  known  the  Danger  of  deferring  Re- 
pentance, and  of  neglefting  Salvation  at  any  1  ime  oflerM  ;  to  awa- 
ken his  Confcience,  and  rouzc  him  up  out  of  a  llupid  and  fecure 
Condition,  to  apprehend  the  Jullice  and  Wrath  of  God,  befoie 
whom  none  can  liand,  but  he  that,  being  loit  in  himfelf,  layetli 
hold  upon  Chrift  by  Faith. 

If  he  have  endeavoured  to  walk  in  the  Ways  of  Holinefs,  and  to 
ferve  God  in  Uprightncfs,  although  net  without  many  Failings  and 
Infirmities;  or  if  his  Spirit  be  broken  with  the  Senfe  of  Sin,  or 
caft  down  through  Wane  of  the  Senie  of  God's  Favour,  then  it  will 
be  fit  to  raife  him  up,  by  letting  before  him  the  Freenefs  and  Ful- 
nefs  of  God's  Grace,  the  Sufiiciency  of  Righteoufnefs  in  Chrill:, 
the  gracious  Offers  in  the  Cjofpel,  that  all  who  repent  and  belie;  c 
with  all  tJieir  Heart  in  God's  Mercy  through  Chrill,  renouncing 
their  own  Righteoufnefs,  fliall  have  Life  and  Salvation  in  him:  It 
may  be  alfo  uicful  to  fhcw  him,  that  Death  hath  in  it  no  fpiritual 
Evil  to  be  feared  by  thofe  that  are  in  Chrilt,  becaufc  Sin,  the  Sting 
of  Death,  is  taken  away  by  Chriil,  who  hath  delivered  all  that 
are  his,  from  the  Bondage  of  the  Fear  of  Death,  triumplicd  o\er 
the  Grave,  given  us  Viitory,  is  himfelf  entcr'd  into  G!ory,  to  pre- 
pare a  Place  for  his  People  :  So  that  neither  Life  nor  De.^th  Ihall 
be  able  to  ieparate  them  from  God's  Love  in  Chrill,  in  \\honi  fuch 
are  fure,  though  now  they  muft  be  laid  in  the  Dull,  to  obtain  a 
joyful  and  glorious  Refuireclion  to  eternal  Life. 

Advics 


£86  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X. 

Advice  alfo  may  be  given,  as  to  beware  of  an  ill-groimded  Per- 
fwafion  on  Mercy,  or  on  the  Goodnefs  of  his  Condition  for  Hea- 
ven, lb  to  difclaim  all  Merit  in  himfelf,  and  to  caft  iiimfelf 
wholly  upon  God  for  Mercy,  in  the  lole  Merits  and  A-iediation  of 
Jei'us  Chrift,  who  hath  engaged  himfelf  never  to  caft  off  them 
who  in  Truth  and  Sincerity  come  unto  him.  Care  alfo  muft  be 
taken,  that  the  fick  Perfon  be  not  calt  dovv'n  into  Defpair,  by 
fuch  a  fevere  Reprefentation  of  the  Wrath  oT  God  due  to  hmi 
for  his  Sins,  as  is  not  mollified  by  a  feafonable  propounding 
of  Chrift  and  his  Merit,  for  a  Door  of  Hope  to  every  penitent 
Believer. 

Wiien  the  fick  Peri^n  is  beft  compofed,  may  be  leaft  difturbed, 
and  other  neceffary  Ofikcb  about  him  leaft  hinder'd,  the  Minifter, 
if  de/.red,  fhall  pray  with  iiim,  and  for  him,  to  thij  EfFudl ; 

"  Cunfeffing  and  bewailing  of  Sia  original  and  adlual,  the  mi« 
*'  ferable  Condition  of  all  by  Nature,  ^'  :eing  Children  of  Wrath, 
•"  ana  under  th'  Curfe  ;  acknowledging  tiiat  all  JjiCckc,  Sick- 
*'  neffes,  Death,  and  Hell  it  felf,  are  the  proper  Iiiues  and  Ef- 
*'  fetts  thereof;  imploring  God's  A^Iercy  for  the  fick  Perfon 
'<  through  tl:e  Blood  of  Chrift  ;  befeeching  that  God  would  open 
*'  his  Eyes,  discover  unto  him  his  Sins,  caufe  hiai  to  fee  himfelf 
^ '  loft  in  himieif,  make  known  to  him  the  Caufe  why  God  fmiteth 
"^  him,  reveal  Jefus  Chrift  to  his  Soul  for  P.ighteoufnefs  and  Life, 
*'  give  unto  him  his  Holy  Spirit  to  create  and  ftr,engthen  Faith,  to 
*'  lay  hold  upon  Chrift,  to  work  in  him  comfortable  Evidences  of 
*'  his  Love,  to  arm  him  againft  Temptations,  to  take  off  his 
"  Heart  from  the  V/orld,  to  fanclify  his  prefent  Vifitation,  to  fur- 
"  nifti  him  with  Patience  and  Strength  to  bear  it,  and  to  give  him 
*'  Perfeverance  in  Faith  to  the  End. 

"  That  if  God  fhall  pleafe  to  add  to  his  Days,  he  would  v^ouch- 
*'  fafe  to  blefs  and  fandify  all  Means  of  his  Recovery,  to  remove 
*'  the  Difeafe,  renew  his  Strength,  and  enable  hina  to  walk  worthy 
*'  of  God,  by  a  faithful  Remembrance,  and  diligent  Obferving  of 
^'  fuch  Vows  and  Proniifes  of  Holinefs  and  O'oedience,  as  Men  are 
*'  apt  to  make  in  Times  of  Siclcnefs,  that  he  may  glorify  God  in 
*'  the  remaining  Part  of  his  Life. 

"  And  if  God  have  determined  to  Rnifh  his  Days  by  tlie  pre- 
^  *'  fent  Vifitation,  he  may  find  fuch  Evidence  of  the  Pardon  of  all 

"  his  Sins,  of  his  Intereft  in  Chrift,  and  eternal  Life  by  Chrift, 
*'  as  may  caufe  his  inward  Man  to  be  renewed,  while  his  outward 
<'  A'lan  decayeth  ;  that  he  may  behold  Death  without  Fear,  caft 
*'  himfelf  wholly  upon  Chrift  without  Doubting,  dcfire  to  be  dif- 
^  *'  folved  and  to  be  with  Chrift,  and  fo  receive  the  End  of  his  Faith, 
*'  the  Salvation  of  his  Soul,  through  the  only  Merits  and' Intercef- 
^'  fion  of  the  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  our  alone  Savioui-,  and  AU-fuffici- 
*'  ent  Redeemer." 

The  Minifter  fliall  admonifh  him  alfo  '(as  there  fhall  be  Caufe)  to 
fet  his  Houle  in  Order,  thereby  to  prevent  Inconveniencies ;  to  take 

Care 


APPENDIX.  587 

Care  for  the  Payment  of  his  Debts,  and  to  make  Reftltution  or 
Satisfadlion  where  he  hath  done  any  Wrong  ;  to  be  reconciled  to 
thofe  with  whom  lie  hath  been  at  Variance,  and  I'ully  to  (brgive 
all  Men  their  Trefpaflcs  againlt  him,  as  he  expects  Forgiveneis  at 
the  Hand  of  God. 

Lailly,  The  Minifter  may  improve  the  prefent  Occafion  to  ex- 
hort thofe  about  the  fick  Pcrfon,  to  confider  their  own  Mortality, 
.  )  return  to  the  Led,  and  make  Peace  with  him  ;  in  Health  to 
apare- for  Sickr.cfs,  Death,  and  Judgment;  and  all  the  Days  of 
tneir  appointed  Time  fo  to  wait  until  their  Change  come,  that 
when  Chriit,  who  is  our  Life,  Ihall  appear,  they  may  appear  with 
^i'lu  in  Glory. 

Concerning  Burial  of  the  Dead. 
\  ]|  7  H  E  N  any  Perfon  departeth  this  Life  let  the  dead  Body, 
V  V     upon  the  D.ny   of  Burial,  be  decently  attended  from  the 
Houfe  to  die  Place  appointed  for  Publick  Burial,  and  there  imme- 
diately interred,  without  any  Ceremony. 

And  bccaufe  the  Cuftoms  of  Kneeling  down,  and  Praying  by,  or 
towards  the  dead  Coi-ps,  and  ether  iuch  Ufages,  in  the  Place 
where  it  lies,  before  it  be  carried  to  Burial,  are  fuperftitious  ;  and 
fur  that.  Praying,  Reading,  and  Singing,  both  in  going  to,  and 
at  the  Gra\e,  have  been  grofly  abufed,  are  no  way  beneficial  to 
the  Dead,  and  have  proved  many  Ways  hurtful  to  the  Living, 
therefore  let  all  fuch  Things  be  laid  afide. 

Howbfit,  we  judge  it  very  convenient,  that  the  Chriftiati 
Friends  which  accompany  the  dead  Body  to  the  Place  appointed  for 
Publick  Biu-ial,  do  apply  themfelves  to  Meditations,  and  Conferen- 
ces fuitable  to  the  Occafion  :  And  that  the  Minifter,  as  upon  other 
Occalions,  fo  at  this  Time,  if  he  be  prefent,  may  put  them  in  Re- 
membrance of  their  Duty. 

That  this  fhall  not  extend  to  deny  any  civil  Refpefts  or  Deferen- 
ces at  the  Burial,  fuitable  to  the  Rank  and  Condition  of  the  Party 
deceafed,  while  he  was  living. 

Concerning  Publick  folemn  Fajling. 

WHEN  fome  great  and  notable  Judgments  are  either  inflidl- 
ed  upon  a  People,  or  apparently  imminent,  or  by  fome  ex- 
traordinary Provocations  notorioufly  deferved ;  as  alfo,  when  fome 
fpecial  Eleffing  is  to  be  fought  and  obtained,  Publick  folemn  Fall- 
ing (which  is  to  continue  the  whole  Day)  is  a  Duty  that  God  ex- 
pecl^eth  from  that  Nation  or  People. 

A  Religious  Faft  requires  total  Abftinence,  not  only  from  ail 
Food  (unlefs  bodily  Weaknefs  do  manifeitly  difable  from  holding 
out  till  the  Faft  be  ended,  in  which  Cale,  fcmewhat  may  be  taken, 
yet  very  fparingly,  to  fupport  Nature,  when  ready  to  faint)  but  iii- 
ib  from  all  worldly  Labour,  Difcounes  c  nd  1  iioughts,  and  from 
all  bodily  Delights  (although  at  other  Tipies  lawful)  rich  Apparel, 

Orna- 


£88  A  P  P  E  N  D  1  X. 

Ornaments,  and  fuch  like,  during  the  Faft;  and  much  more  from 
whatever  is  in  the  Nature,  or  Ufe,  i'candalous  and  oftenfive,  as  gaudifh 
Attire,  lafcivious  Habits,  and  Geftures,  and  other  Vanities  of  either 
Sex  ;  which  we  recommend  to  all  Miniflers,  in  their  Places,  diligent- 
ly and  zealoufly  to  reprove,  as  at  other  Times,  fo  efpecially  at  a 
Faft,  without  refpefl  of  Perfons,  as  there  fliall  be  Occaiion. 

Before  the  Publick  Meeting,'  each  Family  and  Perfon  apart,  are 
privately  to  ufe  all  religious  Care  to  prepare  their  Hearts  to  fuch  a 
folemn  Work,  and  to  b,e  early  at  the  Congregation. 

So  large  a  Portion  of  the  Day,  as  conveniently  may  be,  is  to  be 
fpcnt  in  Publick  Reading  and  Preaching  of  the  Word,  with  Singing 
of  Pfalm^  lit  to  quicken  Aifeftions  fuitable  to  fuch  a  Duty,  but  efpe- 
cially in  Prayer,  to  this  or  tne  like  Effeft  : 

"  Giving  Glcry  to  the  great  Majelty  of  God,  the  Creator,  Pre- 
"  ^erver,  and  fupreme  Ruler  of  all  the  World,  the  better  to  affedl 
"■  us  thereby  with  an  holy  Reverence  and  Awe  of  him  ;  acknow- 
*'  f-ig  ng  ii/-  manifold,  great,  and  tender  Mercies,  efpecially  to 
*'  tiie  Church  and  Nation,  the  more  effeAually  to  foften  and  abafe 
"  our  Hearts  before  him;  humbly  confeffing  of  Sins  Oi  all  Sorts, 
*'  with  their  feveral  Aggravations  j  juftilyitig  God's  righteous 
*'  judgments,  as  being  far  lefs  than  our  Sins  do  deferve  ;  yet  hum- 
*'  bly  and  earneftly  imploring  his  Mercy  and  Grace  for  our  felves, 
"  the  Church  and  Nation,  for  our  King,  and  all  in  Authority, 
*'  and  for  all  others  for  whom  we  are  bound  to  pray  (according  as 
*'  the  prefent  Exigent  requireth)  with  more  fpecial  Importunity 
*'  and  Enlargement  than  at  other  Times ;  applying,  by  Faith, 
"  the  Promiles  and  Goodnefs  of  God,  for  Pardon,  Help,  and 
'  *'  Deliverance   from   the    Evils  felt,    feared,    or  deferved ;    and 

"  for  obtaining  the  Bleffings  which  we  need  and  expeft  ;  toge- 
"  ther  with  a  giving  up  of  our  felves  wholly  and  for  ever  unto  the 
"  Lord.'' 

In  all  thefe,  the  Minifters,  who  are  the  Mouths  of  the  People 
unto  God,  ought  fo  to  fpeak  from  their  Hearts,  upon  ferious 
and  thorough  Premeditation  of  them,  that  both  themfelves  and 
their  People  may  be  much  affefted,  and  even  melted  thereby  ; 
efpecially  with  Sorrow  for  their  Sins,  that  it  may  be  indeed  a  Day 
of  deep  Humilir.tion  and  Afflidling  of  the  Soul. 

.  Special  Choice  is  to  be  made  of  fuch  Sa'iptures  to  be  read,  and 
of  fuch  Texts  for  Preaching,  as  may  bell  work  the  Hearts  of  tiie 
Hearers  to  the  fpecial  Bufmefs  of  the  Day,  and  moil  difpofe  them 
to  Humiliation  and  Repentance  ;  infilling  moll:  on  thole  Particulars 
which  each  Aliniiler's  Obfcrvation  and  Experience  tells  him  are 
moil;  conducing  to  tlie  Edification  and  Reformation  of  that  Congre- 
gation to  which  hepreacheth. 

Before  the  Clofe  of  the  Publick  Duties,  the  Miniflej  is,  in  his 
own  and  the  Peoples  Names,  to  ingage  his  and  their  Hearts  to  be 
the  Lord's  wirli  profefied  Purpofe  and  Refolution  to  reform  what 
ever  is  amifo  amo.ng  them,  and  more  particularly  fuch  Sin:j  as  they 

have 


APPENDIX.  589 

have  been  more  remarkably  guilty  of ;  and,  to  draw  nearer  unto 
Cod,  and  to  walk  more  clofely  and  faithfully  with  him  in  new 
Obcxliencc,  than  ever  before. 

He  is  alfo  to  admonifh  the  People  with  all  Importunity,  that 
tlie  Work  of  that  Day  doth  not  end  with  the  Publick  Duties  of  it, 
but  that  they  are  fo  to  improve  tliC  Remainder  of  the  Day,  and  of 
their  whole  Life,  in  reinforcing  upon  themfclves  and  their  Families 
in  private,  all  thofe  godly  Afteiftions  and  Refolutions  which  they 
profeffed  in  Publick,  as  that  they  may  be  fettled  in  their  Hearts  for 
ever,  and  themfclves  may  more  ienfibly  find  that  God  hath  fmelt  a 
fweet  Savour  in  Chrill  from  their  Performances,  and  is  pacified  to- 
wards them,  by  Anfwers  of  Grace,  in  pardoning  of  Sin,  in  re- 
moving of  Judgments,  in  averting  or  preventing  of  Plagues,  and  in 
conferring  of  Blefllngs,  fuitable  to  the  Conditions  and  Prayers  of  his 
People,  by  Jefus  Chriit. 

Beiide  folemn  and  general  Falls  enjoined  by  Authority,  we  judge, 
that  at  other  Times  Congregations  may  keep  Days  of  Parting,  as 
Divine  Providence  fhall  adminiftcr  unto  them  fpecial  Occafions.  And 
alfo,  that  Families  may  do  the  fame,  fo  it  be  not  on  Days  where- 
in the  Congregation  to  which  they  do  belong  is  to  meet  for  Falling, 
or  other  Publick  Duties  of  Worfliip. 

Cor.c£}-nitig  the  Obfer^<atiou  of  Days  of  P  uhlick  Thatikjgi'vitjg. 

WHEN  any  fuch  Day  is  to  be  kept  let  Notice  be  given  of  it, 
and  of  the  Occafion  thereof,  fome  convenient  Time  before, 
that  the  People  may  the  better  prepare  themfelves  thereunto. 

The  Day  being  come,  and  the  Congregation  (after  Private  Pre- 
parations) being  aflemblcd,  the  Minilter  is  to  begin  with  a  Word 
of  Exhortation,  to  ftir  up  the  People  to  the  Duty  for  which  they  are 
met,  and  with  a  fhort  Prayer  for  God's  Affiltance  and  Bleffing  (as 
at  other  Conventions  for  Publick  Worfliip)  according  to  the  particu- 
lar Occafion  of  their  Meeting. 

Let  him  then  make  fome  pithy  Narration  of  the  Deliverance  ob- 
tained, or  Mercy  received,  or  of  whatever  hath  occafioned  that  Af- 
fembling  of  the  Congregation,  that  all  may  better  underftand  it,  or 
be  minded  of  it,  and  more  afFefted  with  it. 

And  becaufe  Singing  of  Pfalms  is  of  all  other  the  moft  proper 
Ordinance  for  exprefling  of  Joy  and  Thankfgiving,  let  fome  perti- 
nent Pfalm  or  Pfalms  be  fung  for  that  Purpole,  before  or  after  the 
Reading  of  fome  Portion  of  the  Word,  fuitable  to  the  prefent 
Bufmefs. 

Then  let  the  Minifler,  who  is  to  preach,  proceed  to  further  Ex- 
hortation and  Prayer  before  his  Sermon,  with  fpecial  Reference  to 
the  prefent  Work  :  After  which,  let  him  preach  upon  fome  Text 
of  Scripture  pertinent  to  the  Occafion. 

The  Sermon  ended,  let  him  not  only  pray,  as  at  other  Times  af- 
ter Preaching  is  diredled,  with  remembrance  of  the  Neceflities  of  the 
Church,  King,  and  State  (if  before  the  Sermon  they  were  omitted) 

but 


59^ 


APPENDIX, 

but  enlarge  himfelf  In  due  and  folemn  Thankfgiving  for  former 
Mercies  and  Deliverances,  but  more  efpecially  for  that  which  at  the 
prefent  calls  them  together  to  give  Thanks :  With  humble  Petition 
for  the  Continuance  and  Renewing  of  God's  wonted  Mercies,  as 
need  fhall  be,  and  for  fandlifying  Grace  to  make  a  right  Ufe 
thereof.  And  fo,  having  fung  another  Pialm  fuitable  to  the 
Mercy,  let  him  difmifs  the  Congregation  with  a  Bleffing,  that 
they  may  have  fome  convenient  Time  for  their  Repali  and  Re- 
freQiing. 

But  the  Minifter  (before  their  Difmiflion)  is  folemnly  to  admo- 
nifh  them,  to  beware  of  all  Excefs  and  Riot,  tending  to  Gluttony 
or  Drunkennefs,  and  much  more  of  thefe  Sins  themfelves,  in  their 
Eating  and  Refrefhing  ;  and  to  take  Care  that  their  Mirth  and  Re- 
joicing be  not  Carnal,  but  Spiritual,  which  may  make  God's 
Praife  to  be  glorious,  and  themfelves  humble  and  fober  ;  and  that 
both  their  Feeding  and  Rejoicing  may  render  them  more  cheerful 
and  enlarged,  further  to  celebrate  his  Praifes  in  the  Midft  of  the 
Congregation,  when  they  return  unto  it,  in  the  remaining  Part  of 
that  Day. 

When  the  Congregation  fhall  be  again  aiTembled,  the  like  Courfe 
in  Praying,  Reading,  Preaching,  Singing  of  Pfa'ms,  and  Offer- 
ing up  of  more  Praiie  and  Thankfgiving,  that  is  before  directed  for 
the  Morning,  is  to  be  renewed  and  continued  fo  far  as  the  Time 
will  give  leave. 

At  one,  or  both  of  the  Publick  Meetings  that  Day,  a  Colleftion 
is  to  be  made  for  the  Poor  (and  in  the  like  Manner  upon  the  Day 
of  Publick  Humiliation)  that  their  loins  may  blefs  us,  and  rejoice 
the  more  with  us.  And  the  People  are  to  be  exhorted,  at  the  End 
of  the  latter  Meeting,  to  fpend  the  Refidue  of  that  Day  in  holy 
Duties,  and  Tefliiicaticns  of  Chriftian  Love  and  Charity  one  to- 
wards another,  and  of  Rejoicing  more  and  more  in  the  Lord ;  as 
becometh  thofe  who  make  the  Joy  of  the  Lord  their  Strengtli. 

Of  Singing  of  Pfalms. 
"I  T  is  the  Duty  of  Chriilians  to  praife  God  pnblickly,  hy  fmging 
I   of  Pfalms  together  in  the  Congregation,  and  alfo  privately  in 
the  Family. 

In  Singing  of  Pfalms,  the  Voice  is  to  be  tunably  and  gravely 
ordered  ;  but  the  chief  Care  muft  be,  to  fmg  with  Underilanding, 
and  with  Grace  iij  the  Heart,  m.;:king  Melody  unto  the  Lord. 

That  the  whole  Congregation  miy  join  herein,  every  one  that 
can  read  is  to  have  a  Pfalm-Book ;  and  all  -others,  not  difabled  by 
Age,  or  otherwife,  are  to  be  exhorted  to  learn  to  read.  But  for 
the  prefent,  where  many  in  tlie  Congregation  cannot  road,  it  is 
convenient  that  the  Miniller,  or  fome  other  fit  Perfon  appointed  by 
him,  and  the  other  Ruling  Officers,  do  read  the  Pfalm  Line  by 
Line,  before  the  Singing  thereof. 


APPENDIX.  ^91 

jI'I  Appendix,   touching  Days  and  Places  for  Publick  Worjhip. 

THERE  is  no  Day  commanded  in  Scripture  to  be  kept  holy 
under  tJie  Gofpel,  but  the  Lord's  Day,  which  is  the  LJ.ri- 
ftian  Sabbath. 

Fellival  Days,  vulgarly  called  Holy  Days,  having  no  Warrant 
in  the  Word  of  God,  are  not  to  be  continued. 

NcvcrtJielefs,  it  is  lawful  and  neceffary,  upon  fpecial  emergent 
Occaiions,    to   feparate  a   Day   or   Days  for  publick  Failing  or 
Thankfgiving,  as  the  feveral  eminent  and  extraordinary  Difpenfa-    - 
tions  of  God's  Providence  fliall  adminifler  Cuufe  and  Opportunity 
to  his  People. 

As  no  Place  is  capable  of  any  Holinefs,  under  Pretence  of  what-' 
foever  Dedication  or  Confecration ;  fo  neither  is  it  fubjeft  to  fuch 
Pollution  by  any  Superllition  formerly  ufed,  and  now  laid  afide,  as 
may  render  it  unlawful  or  inconvenient  for  Chriilians  to  meet  toge- 
tlier  therein  for  the  Publicic  Worfliip  of  God.  And  therefore  we 
hold  it  requiiit^,  that  the  Places  of  Publick  AfTembling  for  Wor- 
fhip  among  us,  Ihould  be  continued,  and  imployed  to  that  Ufe. 

•^y,  -wu  ^^  ^*^  niK.  '^i-s  ^y<  t(V>  ^"4  '»■>"  i(u  'i'h  '<  '^y  "^^  •<h  -^h 

The  Contents  of  the  Dire^ory  for  the  Publick 
JVorJIjip  of  God. 

1"^  H  E    Preface. 
Of  the  Affembling  of  the  Congregation, 
Of  Publick  Reading  of  the  holy  Scripture. 
Of  Publick  Prayer  before  the  Sermon. 
Of  Preaching  of  the  Word. 
Of  Prayer  after  Sermon. 
Of  the  Sacrament  of  Baptifm. 
Of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord^s  Supper. 
Of  the  San£lification  of  the  Lord's  Day. 
Of  the  Solemnization  of  Marriage. 
Of  the  Vifitation  of  the  Sick. 
Of  Burial  of  the  Dead. 
Of  Publick  folemn  Fajling. 

Of  the  Obfervatlon  of  Days  of  Publick  T^hankfgiving. 
Of  Singing  of  Pfalms. 
j^«  Appe  N  D IX,  touching  Days  and  Places  of  Publick  Worjhip] 


APPEN- 


APPENDIX. 

Numb.  Ill, 

THE 

Form  of  Presbyterial  Church  Government^ 

Agreed  upon  by  the  AfTembly  of  Divines  at  Weft- 
minjler  ;  examined  and  approved.  Anno  1645.  by 
the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church 
of  SCOT  LAND,  &c. 

The  PREFACE. 


tber,  the  Prince  of  Peace  ^,  of  the  Incrcafe  ofnvhofe 
^^^^i  l'^'^'^"^  Goucrn?nciit  and  Peace  there  pall  he  no  Er.d,  ^vho  ' 
'Mi(lM^J%^\  Jits  upon  the  Throne  ofD^vid,  and  upon  his  Kinc- 
iiH)'/.^'-'^' ^ ^■Sf.'^il^i^'J^i^  ao?n,  to  order  it,  and  to  epablijh  tt  <vuith  Judgment 
and  Jujlice,  from  henceforth  even  for  e'ver,  ha-ving  all  Poiver  gi-ven 
unto  him  in  Heaiien  and  in  Earth  by  the  Father,  <vjho  raifed  him  from 
the  Dead,  and  Jet  him  at  his  ovjn  right  Hand,  far  above  all  Princi- 
palities and  Pon-ver,  and  Might  and  Dominion,  and  every  Name  that 
is  named,  not  only  in  this  World,  but  alfo  in  that  -^vhich  is  to  cotne, 
and  put  all  Things  under  his  Feet,  and  ga<ve  him  to  be  the  Head  o'ver 
all  Things  to  the  Church,  nfjhich  is  his  Body,  the  Fulnefs  of  him  that 
flleth  all  in  all;  he  being  afccnded  up  far  above  all  Heavens,  that 

*  Ilil.  9.  6,  7. 


yl  P  P  E  N  D  T  X.  593 

he  might  Jill  all  Things,  recei<ved  Gifts  for  his  Church j  iand  ga'Ve  Offi- 
ces neccjfary  for  the  Edification  of  his  Church,  and  Perfecting  of  hU 
Saints  ''. 

Of  the  Church. 

TH  E  RE  is  one  e;eneril  Churcii  vlfib'e  held  forth  in  the  New 
Tellament,  i  Cor.  xii.  12,  13,  28.  together  with  the  rcil  of 
the  Chapter. 

The  Miniftry,  Oracle",  and  Ordinancc<;  of  the  New  Teftament, 
are  given  by  Jcfus  Chriit  to  the  general  Churr]-!  vifible,  for  th» 
Gathering  and  Perfe>Sfing  of  it  in,  this  Life,  until  nis  lecond  Coming, 
I  Cor.  xii.  28.  Eph.  iv.  4,  5.  compared  wlt.i  Fer.  lo,  11,  12,  13, 
15,  16.  of  the  fame  Chapcer. 

Particular  vifible  Churches,  Members  of  the  general  Church,  are 
alfo  held  forth  in  the  New  Teitament,  Gal.  i.  21,  22.  Re'v.  i.  4, 
20.  :in6.  Rcnj.n.  i.  Particular  Churche>,  in  the  primitive  Times, 
Avere  made  up  of  vifible  Saints,  i'/z.  or  fuch  as,  being  of  Age,  pro- 
feffed  Faith  in  Chrift,  and  Obedience  unto  Chriit,  according  to 
the  Rules  of  Faith  and  Life,  t.;ugl.t  by  diriit  and  his  ApolUes ; 
and  of  their  Children,  A<:Ts  ii.  38,  41.  A^s  ii.  njerfe  laft,  compared 
with  Acisw.  14.  I  Cor.  i.  2.  compared  with  z  Cor.  ix.  13.  AJIs 
ii.  39.'  I  Cor.  vii.  14;  Rom.  ix.  16.  rnd  i'o  forward  ;  Marix.  14. 
compared  with  Mat.  xix.  13^  14.  ^Luiexviii.  15,  16. 

Of  the  Officers  of  the  Church. 

TH  E  Officers  which  Chrift  hath  appointe.l  for  the  Edification 
of  his  Church,  and  the  Perfefling  of  tlic  Saints,  are. 
Some  extraordinary,    as  Apoftles,    Evangeliits,    and  Prophets, 
which  are  ceafed. 

Others  ordinary  and  perpetual, 'as  Paftors,  Teachers,  and  other 
Church  Governors,  and  Deacons; 

Pajlors. 

TH  E  Paftor  is  an  ordin  .ry  and  perpetual  Officer  in  the 
Church,  Jer.'in.  15,  16,  17;  prophefying  of  the  Time  of 
t"heGofpel.    i  Pet.  v.  2,  3,4.  Eph.  iv.  11,  12,  13. 

Firit,  It  belongs  to  his  Office, 

To  pray  for  and  with  his  Flock,  as  the  Mouth  of  the  People  un- 
to God,  ASis  vi.  2,  3,  4.  A:ls  xx.  36  >  where  Preaching  and 
Prriyer  are  joined  as  ieveral  Pnrti  of  the  fame  Office.  James  v. 
14,  19.  The  Office  of  the  Elder^  that  is  the  Paftor,  is  to  pray  for 
the  Sick,  even  in  private,  to  which  a  Bleffing  is  efpecially  promi- 
fed ;  much  more  therefore  ought  he  to  perform  this  in  the  pub- 

''  Mat.  xxviii.  18,  19,  20.  Eph.  i.  20,  21,  22.  compared  'with 
Eph.  iv.  8,11.  and  Pfal.  Ixviii.  1 8. 

Vol.  III.  Q^q  lick 


594  APPENDIX. 

lick  Execution  of  his  Office,  as  a  Part  thereof,   i  Cor.  xiv.  ver. 
15,16. 

To  read  the  Scripture  publickly  ;  for  tJie  Proof  of  which, 

1 .  That  the  Prieils  and  Levites  in  the  "Jcwi/h  Church  were 
trulled  with  the  publick  Reading  of  the  Word,  as  is  proved,  Deut. 
xxxi.  9,  10,  II.   Neh.  viii.  i,  2,  and  13. 

2.  That  the  Miniiters  of  the  Gofpel  have  as  ample  a  Charge 
and  Ccmmiffion  to  diipenfe  the  Word,  as  well  as  other  Ordinances, 
as. the  Prieils  and  Levites  had  under  the  Law,  pioved,  IJli.  lxvi.21. 
Mat.  xxiii.  34.  where  our  Saviour  intituleth  the  Officers  of  the 
New  Teftament,  whom  he  will  fend  forth,  by  the  fame  Names  of 

'.ihe  1  eachers  of  the  Old. 

Which  Proportions  prove,  that  therefore  (the  Duty  being  of  a 
moral  Nature)  it  foUovv'eth  by  jufi;  Confequence,  that  the  pub- 
lick  Reading  of  the  Scriptures  belongeth  to  the  Pallor's  Office. 

To  feed  the  Flock,  by  Preaching  of  the  Word,  according  to 
which  he  is  to  teach,  convince,  reprove,  exhort,  and  comfort, 
I  Ti7?i.  iii.  2...zTim.m.'ver.  16,  17.   Tit.'i.  9. 

To  Catechife,  which  is  a  plain  laying  down  the  firft  Principles 
of  the  Oracles  of  God,  Heb.  v.  12.  or  of  the  Dodlrine  of  Chriil, 
and  is  a  Part  of  Preaching. 

To  difpeni'e  other  Divine  Myfteries,   i  Cor.  iv.  i,  2. 
To   adminifier  the  Sacraments,    Mattk.  xxviii.   19,  20.  Mark 
xvi.  15,  i6.    I  Cor.  xi.  23,  24,  25.  compared  with  i  Cor.  x.  16. 

To  blefs  the  People  from  God,  A^«/«^.  vi.  23,  24,  25,26.  compa- 
red with  Re-j.  xiv.  5.  (where  the  fame  Bleffings,  and  Perfons  from 
whom  they  come,  are  expre fly  mentioned)  Ifa  Ixvi.  21.  where, 
under  the  Names  of  Prieils  and  Levites,  to  be  continued  under  the 
Gofpe),  are  meant  Evangelical  Pallors,  who  therefore  are  by  Office 
to  blefs  the  People,  Deut.  x.  8.    2  Cor.  xiii.  14.  Eph.  i.  2. 

To  take  Care  of  the  Poor,  A£ls  xi.  30.  ASis'w.  34,  35,  36,  37. 
Ads\\.  2,  3,4.    I  Cor.  xvi.  I,  2;  3,  4.   Gal.n.  9,  10. 

And  he  hath  alfo  a  Ruling  Power  over  the  Flock  as  a  Pallor, 
1  Tim.  V.  17.  Aits  XX.  17,  and  28.  i  T/^vj^  v.  12.  Heb.  xiii» 
7»  I/- 

Teacher  or  DoFior. 

TH  E  Scripture  doth  hold  out  the  Name  and  Title  of  Teacher, 
as  well  as  of  the  Pallor,   i  Cor.  xii.  28.  Eph.  iv.  11. 
Who  IS  alfo  a  Miniller  of  the  Word  as  well  as  the  Pallor,  and 
hath  Powerof  Adminillrationof  the  Sacraments. 

The  Lord  having  given  different  Gifts,  and  divers  Exercifes  ac 
cording  to  thefe  Gilts,  in  the  Minillry  of  the  Word,  Rotn.  xii. 6,7, 8. 
I  Cor.  xii.  I,  4,  5>  6,  7.  though  thele  different  Gifts  may  meet  in, 
and  accordingly  be  exercifed  by  one  and  the  liime  Aliniller,  i  Cor. 
xiv.  3.  2  Tim.  iv.  2.  Tit.  i.  9.  yet,  where  be  feveral  Minillers  in 
the  fame  Congregation,  they  may  be  defigned  to  feveral  Imploy- 
ments,  accorUmg  to  the  iffcrent  Gifts  ia  which  each  of  thm  doth 

.iii  .JO^^ 


APPENDIX,  595 

mod  excel,  Rom.  xii.  6,  7,  8.  1  Pet.  iv.  10,  11.  And  he  that  dotli 
more  excel  in  Expoiition  of  Scriptures,  in  te.iching  found  Dudriie, 
and  in  convincing  Gainfayers,  than  he  doth  in  Applicition,  ard  is 
accordingly  imployed  therein,  may  be  called  a  Teacher,  or  Doctor 
(the  Places  alledged  by  the  Notation  of  the  Word  do  prove  t!ie 
Proportion)  Neverthelef;,  where  is  but  one  Minifter  in  a  pirticular 
Congregation,  he  is  to  perform  fo  far  as  he  is  able  the  whole  vV^rk 
of  the  Minillry,  as  appearcth  in  2  7im.  iv.  2.  Tit.'\.  9.  before  a]pi 
ledged,    i  7im.  vi.  2. 

A  Teacher  or  Doctor  is  of  moft  excellent  Ufe  in  Schools  and  Unir 
verfities  ;  as  of  old  in  the  Schools  of  the  Pr. 'pnets,  and  at  JerufaUmy 
where  Gamaliel  and  others  taught  as  Dodors. 

Other  Church  Go'verion. 

AS  there  were  in  the  Jexvijh  Ch^ch  Elders  of  the  People  join- 
ed with  the  Priells  and  Levites  in  the  jovcrment  of  the 
Church  (as  appeareth  in  2  Chron.  xix.  8,  9,  10.)  So  Chrill,  who 
hath  inllituted  a  Government,  and  Governors  Ecclefiaitical  in  the 
Church,  hath  furnifhed  fome  in  his  Church,  belide  the  \iinilters  of 
the  Word,  with  Gifts  for  Govern.nent,  and  with  Co-nmilhon  to 
execute  the  fame  when  called  thereunto,  who  are  to  join  with  the 
Miniiler  in  the  Government  of  the  Church,  Rom.  xii.  7,  S.  1  Cor. 
xii.  28.  Which  Officers  Reformed  Churches  commonly  call 
Elders. 

Deacons. 

TH  E  Scripture  doth  hold  out  Deacons  as  diftinft  Officers  in 
the  Church,  Phil.'i.  i.  i  fim.m.  8.  . 
Whofe  Office  is  perpetual,  i  Tim.  iii.  8.  tO'ver.  15.  ASis  \i.  i, 
2,  3,  4.  To  whofe  Office  it  belongs  not  to  Preach  the  Word,  or 
Adminiffer  the  Sacraments,  but  to  take  fpecial  Care  in  diilributir^ 
to  the  Neceflities  of  the  Poor,  AJis  vi.  i,  2,  3,  4.  and  the  Verfes 
following. 

Of  particular  Congre^atiofts. 
T  T  is  lawful  and  expedient  that  there  be  fixed  Congregations,  that 
I  is,  a  certain  Company  of  Chriftims  to  meet  in  one  AflTembly  or- 
dinarily for  Publick  Worfhip.  When  Believers  multiply  to  fuch  a 
Number,  that  they  cannot  conveniently  meet  in  one  Place,  it  is 
lawful  and  expedient  that  they  fhou'd  be  divided  into  diftinct  and 
fixed  Congregations,  for  the  better  Adminiitration  of  fuch  Ordinanr 
ces  as  belong  unto  them,  and  the  Difciiarge  of  mutual  Duties, 
1  Cor.  xiv.  ver.  26.  Let  all  Thirtgs  be  done  unto  Edijying  ;  and  Verfes 
33,  and  40. 

The  ordinary  Way  of  dividing  Chriftlans  into  difliiniSl  Congrega- 
tions, and  moft  expedient  for  Edihcation^  is  by  the  refpe^live 
Bounds  of  their  Dwellings. 

Q.<1  Z  Firji, 


596  APPENDIX. 

Tir(l,  Becaufe  they  who  dwell  together,  being  bound  to  all  kmd' 
of  moral  Duties  one  to  another,  have  the  better  Opportunity  there- 
by to  difcharge  them  ;  which  moral  Tye  is  perpetual,  for  Chrilt 
came  not  to  deftroy  the  Law,  but  to  fulfil  it,  Deut.  xv.  7,  1 1 .  Mat. 
x.'cii.  39.  Mat.  V.  17. 

-  Sicoftefly,  The  Communion  of  Saints  mufl:  be  fo  ordered,  as  may 
ftand  with  the  moit  convenient  Ufe  of  the  Ordinances,  and  Dif- 
charge of  moral  Duties,  without  refpeft  of  Perfons,  i  Cer.  xiv.  26. 
Let  all  Things  be  dotie  unto  Edifying.  Heb.  x.  24,  25.  James  ii. 
1,  2. 

Thirdly,  The  Pallor  and  People  myft  fo  nearly  cohabit  together, 
as  ti;at  they  may  mutually  perform  their  Duties  each  to  other  with 
mofl:  Conveniency. 

In  this  Company  fome  muft  be  fet  apart  to  bear  Office. 

Of  the  Off.cers  of  a  particular  Congregation, 

FO R  Officers  in  a  fmgle  Congregation,  there  ought  to  be  one 
at  the  leaft,  both  to  labour  in  the  Word  and  Doftrine,  and  to 
Rule,  ProT^.xxix.  18.    i  Tim.  v.  17.  Heb.  xiii.  7. 

It  is  alTo  requillte  that  there  fhould  be  others  to  join  in  Govern- 
ment,  1  Cor.  xii.  z8. 

And  likewise  it  is  requifite  that  there  be  others  to  take  fpecial 
Care  for  the  Relief  of  the  Poor,  Ads  vi.  2,  3. 

The  Number  of  each  of  Which  is  to  be  proportioned  according 
to  the  Condition  of  the  Congregation. 

Thefe  Officers  are  to  meet  together  at  convenient  and  fet  Times, 
for  the  well  ordering  of  the  Affiiirs  of  that  Congregation,  each  ac- 
cording to  his  Office. 

It  is  moft  expedient  that  in  thefe  Meetings,  one  whofe  Office  is 
to  labour  in  the  Word  and  Doctrine,  do  moderate  in  their  Proceed- 
ings,   I  Tim.  V.  17. 

Of  the  Ordinances  in  a  particular  Ccngregafion. 

THE  Ordinances  in  a  fingle  Congregation,  are  Prayer,  Thankf- 
giving,    and  Singing  of  Pialms,    i  Tifn.  ii.   \.     i  Cor.  xiv. 
'  15",  16.     I'he  Word  read  (although  there  follow  no  immediate  Ex- 
•  plication  of  what  is  read)  the  Word  expounded  and  applied,  Cate- 
chifmg,    the    Sacraments    adminiiler'd.    Collection  made  for  the 
Poor,  difmiffing  the  People  with  a  Bleffing. 

Of  Church  Go^ermnent,  and  the  fiver al  Sorts  of  Affemhties  for  the 

I  amt. 

CHRIST  kath  inllituted  a  Government,  and  Governors  Ec- 
ciefiaUical  in  the  Church :  To  that  Purpofc,  the  Apoftles  did 
-   immediately  receive  the  Keys  from  the  Hand  of  Jefus  Chrift,  and 
did  ule  pnd  exercile  them  in  all  the  Churches  of  the  World  upon 
all  Occaficns. 

And 


APPENDIX.  ^97 

And  Chrift,  -  hath  fmce  continually  furniflied  fome  In  his  ChurCh 

with  Gifts  of.  Government,  and  with  Comniiliion  to  execute  the 
lame,  wlien  called  tii(Jieunto. 

It  is  lawful  and  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  that  the  Church 
be  governed  by  feveral  Sorts  of  Ailcmblies,  which  arc  Congrega- 
tional, ClalGcal,  and  Synodical. 

Of  the  Pozvcr  in  cojnmonof  all'thcfe  JJfcmhlics. 
1  T  is  lawful  and  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  that  the  feveral 
\    AlTcmblies  before  mentioned  have  Power  to  convene,  ?nd  call 
before  them  any  Perfon  within  tlieir  feveral  Bounds,  wnom  the'Ec-  . 
clefialHcal  Bulinefs  which  is  before  them  doth  concern  ;  proved  by 
Matth.  Chnp.  xviii. 

They  have  Power  to  Hear  and  Determine  fuchCaufes  and  Difte- 
rence?,  as  do  orderly  come  before  them. 

It  is  lawful  and  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  that  all  the /aid 
Affemblies  have  fome  Power  to  difpenfe  Church  Cenfures. 

•Of  Covgregat!o?:al  JfcmbJies,   that   is,    the   Meeting   of  the   Ruling 
Officers  of  a  particular  Cor.grcgaticn  for  the  Go'vernment  thereof. 

TH  E  Ruling  Officers  .of  a  particular  Congregation  have  Power, 
authoritatively,  to  call  before  thejn  any  Member  of  the  Con- 
gregation, as  they  lliall  fee  jull  Occafion. 

'1  o  enquire  into  the  Knowledge  and  Spiritual  Ellate  of  the  feve- 
ral Memoers  of  the  Congregation. 
To  Admonifli  and  Rebuke. 

Which  three  Branches  are  proved  by  Hcb.  xiil.  17.  i  Theff.  v. 
12,  13.   £2;^^.  xxxiv.  4. 

Authoritative  Sufpenfion  from  the  Lord's  Table  of  a  Perfon  not 
yet  call  out  of  the  Church,  is  agreeable  to  the  Scripture. 
Firji,   Becaufe  the  Ordinance  it  ielf  mull  not  be  profaned. 
Secondly,  Becaufe  we  are  charged  to  withdraw  from  tho  e  that 
walk  diiorderly. 

Thirdly,  Becaufe  of  the  great  Sin  and  Danger,  both  to  him  that 
comes  unworthily,  and  alio  to  the  whole  Church,  Matth.  vii.  6. 
2  Theffi.  III.  6,  14,  15.  I  Cor.  xi.  27.  to  the  End  of  the  Chapter, 
compared  with  yWf,  ver.  23,  i  Tim.  v.  zz.  And  there  was  Pover 
and  Authority,  under  the  Old  Teftamt  nt,  to  keep  unclean  Per-^ 
fons  from  holy  Things,  Lcvit.  xiii.  5.  Niunb.  ix.  7.  2  Chron. 
xxiii.  19. 

The  like  Power  and  Authority,  by  way  of  Analog}^  continues 
under  the  New  Teftament. 

The  Ruling  Officers  of  a  particular  Congregation,  have  Power 
authoritatively  to  Sufpend  from  the  Lord's  I'able  a  Perfon  not  yet 
call  out  of  the  Church. 

Firji,  Becaufe  thofe  who  have  Authority  to  judge  of,  and  admit 
fuch  as  are  lit  to  receive  the  Sacrament,  have  Authority  to  keep 
back  fuch  as  (hall  be  found  unworthy. 

(^q  3  Secondly, 


59^  APPENDIX. 

Secondly,  Becaufe  it  is  an  Ecclefiaftical  Bufmefs  of  ordinary  Pra- 
£lice  beknging  to  that  Congregation. 

When  Congregations  are  divided  and  fixed  they  need  all  mutual 
Help  one  from  another,  both  in  regard  of  their  intrinfical  Weaknef- 
fes  and  mutual  Dependance  j  as  alfo,  in  regard  of  Enemies  from 
without. 

Of  ClaJJtcal  AJfemhlies. 

TH  E  Scripture  doth  hold  out  a  Prelbytery  in  a  Church,  both 
in  the  fa-l'c  Epiftie  to  Timothy,  Chap.  iv.  verfe  14.  And  in 
A£is  XV.  veries  2,  4,  6. 

A  Prefbytery  confifteth  of  Minifters  of  the  Word,  and  fuch  other 
publick  Officers  as  are  agreeable  to,  and  warranted  by  the  Word 
ot  God,  to  be  Church  Governors,  to  join  with  the  Minifters  in  the 
Government  of  the  Church;  as  appeareth,  Rom.  xii.  7,  8.  i  Cor. 
xii.  28. 

1  he  Scripture  doth  hold  forth,  that  many  particular  Congrega- 
tions ma;;  be  under  one  Prefbyterial  Government. 

This  Propofition  is  proved  by  Inftances. 

1.  ¥irji.  Of  the  Chnrch  of  Jeriifale?n,  which  conflfted  of  more 
Congregations  than  one,  and  all  thefe  Congregations  were  under 
one  Preftyterial  Government. 

T  his  appeareth  thus  : 

J .  Firjl,  The  Church  of  Jerufalem  conflfted  of  more  Congre- 
gations than  one,  as  is  manifeit, 

Fiijl,  By  the  Multitude  of  Believers  mentioned  in  divers  Places.  Both 
Before  the  Difperfion  of  the  Believers  there,  by  means  of  the  Perfe- 
cution  (mentioned  in  the  Ails  of  the  Apoftles,  Chap.  viii.  in  the 
Beginning  thereof)  witnefs.  Chap.  i.  iierfe  11.  Chap.  ii.  'uerfe 
4!,  46,  and  47.  Chap.  iv.  4.  Chap.  v.  14.  Chap.  vi.  of  the  fame 
^ook  of  the  Afts,  Verfes  1,7.  And  alio  after  the  Di-'periion, 
As  ix.  31.  Chap.  xii.  24.  Chap.  xxi.  ver.  20.  of  the  fam.e 
Book. 

Secondly^  By  the  many  Apoftles  and  other  Preachers  in  the 
Church  of  'Jerufalem :  And  it  there  were  but  one  Congregation 
there,  then  each  Apoftle  preoched  but  feldom  ;  which  will  not  con- 
iift  witli  Chap.  vi.  'verje  2.  of  the  fame  Book  of  the  Ads  of  the 
Apoftles. 

Thirdly,  The  Diverfity  of  Languages  amongft  the  Believers, 
mentioned  both  in  the  Second  and  Sixth  Chapters  of  the  Atts,  doth 
argue  more  Congregations  thrn  one  in  that  Church. 

2.  Secordly,  All  thcfe  Loi^gregations  were  under  one  Prefbyterial 
'Gcvernment ;  bec.ule,  Fiijf,  They  were  one  Church,  ASsvni.i. 
and  Chap.'n.  /^j.  compared  with  Chap.w  11.  Chap.  x\\.  c.  and 
Chap.  XV.  /] .  of  the  fame  Beck. 

Secondly,  'lie  Elders  of  the  Church  are  ment'one.^.  Ads  xi.  30. 
Chap.  XV.  4,  i,  22.  and  Chf:f.  xxi.  17,  18.  of  tiie  fame  Book. 

Thirdly, 


ji  P  P  E  N  D  I  X.  599 

TJ/irJh,  The  Apolllcs  did  the  ordinary  Ads  of  Prcfliytcrs,  as 
Prcfliyters  in  that  Kirk  ;  which  proveth  a  Prcfbytcrial  (Jliurch  be- 
fore the  Diiperfion,  Jcis  vi.  .  .  ...  / 

Fourfhl)',  The  feveral  Congregations  in  Jerufalcm  being  one 
Church,  the  Elders  of  that  Church  are  mentioned  as  meeting  toge- 
ther for  AAs  of  Government,  Jds  \\.  30.  J:fs  xv.  4,  6,  22.  and 
Chap.  xxi.  17,  18.  and  l"o  forward :  Which  proves  that  thofe  feve- 
ral Congregations  were  under  one  Prc(b)-tcrial  Governnicnt. 

And  whether  theie  Congregations  were  fixed,  or  not  fixed,  in 
regard  of  Officers  or  Members,  it  is  all  one  as  to  tl^e  Truth  of  the 
Propoiition.  .        ■ 

Nor  doth  there  appear  any  material  DifForence  betwixt  the  feve- 
.veral  Congregations  in  'Jerufahm,  and  the*  many  Congregations 
now  in  the  ordinary  Condition  of  the  Church,  as  jto  the  Point  of 
Fixednefs  required  of  Officers  or  Members. 

3.  Thirdly,  Therefore  the  Scripture  doth  hold  for tli,  .that  many 
Congregations  may  be  under  one  Prefbyterial  Government. 

II.  Hecondh,  By  the  Inllance  of  the  Church  of  f/Z'tyij;  for,' 

I .  That  they  were  more  Congregations  than  one  in  the  Church 
oi  E phi/us,  appears  hy  ASls  xyi.  31.  wiiere  is  mention  oi  Paul's 
Continuance  at  Ephefus  in  Preaching  for  tlie  Space  of  three  Years ; 
and  Ails  xix.  18,  19,  20.  where  tne  /pecial  Eff'^  of  the  Word  fs 
mentioned;  and  Ferfe  10.  and  17.  of  the  fame  Chapter,  v/here  is 
a  DiltinAion  of  yeivs  and  Greeks ;  and  i  Cor.  xvi.  8,  and  9.  where 
is  a  Reafon  oi'  Pau/^s  Stay  at  Ephefus  until  Pc::hcpf: ;  and  Va-fe  19. 
where  is  mention  of  a  particular  Church  in  the  Houfe  of  -Ai^iiila  and 
Prifcilla  then  at  Ephefus;  as  .appears,  ASls  xviii.  10,  24,  26.  AH 
which  laid  together  doth  prove,  that  the  Multitude  of  Belic3-ers 
did  make  more  Congregations  than  one  in  the  Church  of 
Ephefus. 

2.  That  there  were  many  Elders  over  thefe  many  Congregation?, 
as  one  Flock,  appeareth,  Acls  xx.  17,  25,  28,  30,  36,  37. 

3.  That  theie  many  Congregations  were  one  CliurcJi,  and  that 
tliey  were  under  one  Prefbyterial  Government,  appeareth,  Rev.  ii. 
tiie  lirfl  iwFerfcs,  joined  with  Ailsxx.  ver.  17,  18. 

Of  Zynodkal  AJfc7nllks. 

TH  E  Scripture  doth  hold  out  another  Sort  of  AfTembiie.",  for  the 
Government  of  the  Church,  befide  Claffical  and  Congrega- 
tional, all  which  we  call  Synodical,  ASls  x\.  Pallors  and  leach- 
ers,  and  other  Cliurch  Governors  (as  alfo  other  fit  Perfons,  when 
it  fhall  be  deemed  expedient)  are  Members  of  thofe  AfTembliei 
which  we  call  Synodical,  where  they  have  a  lawful  Calling  there- 
unto. , 
Synodical  AfTemblies  may  lawfully  be  of  feveral  Sorts,  as  Pro- 
vincial, National,  and  Oecumenical. 

Q-.q  4-  i' 


6oQ  APPENDIX. 

It  is  lawful  and  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  that  there  be  a 
Subordination  of  Conj;,regational,  Clafiical,  Provincial,  and  Na- 
tional Affeniblie.,  ior  the  (Jovernment  of  the  Ciiurch. 


u 


COORDINATION  o/MlNISTERS. 

N  D  E  R  the  Head  of  Ordination  of  Minifters  is  to  be 
confidered,  either  the  Doftrine  of  Ordination,  or  the 
Power  of  it. 


ToucJying  the  DoSrine  ofOi-dination. 

^T  O  Man  ought  to  take  upon  him  the  Office  of  a  Minifter  of 
^  the  Word,  without  a  lawful  Calling,  'Joh7i  iii.  27.  Rom.x. 
14,  iq.   Jer.xiv.  14.   Heb.v.  4. 

Ordination  is  always  to  be  continued  in  the  Church,  Tit.  i.  5. 
a  Tim.  V.  21,  22. 

Or«ji!i.  tion  is  the  folemn  fetting  Apart  of  a  Perfon  to  fome  Pub- 
lick  Church-Office,  Numb.  viii.  10,  n,  14,  19,  22.  Jds  \\. 
3'  5'  6. 

Every  Minifter  of  the  Word  is  to  be  ordained  by  Inipofition  of 
Kand^,  and  Prayer  witii  Falling,  by  tho!e  Preaching  Preibyters, 
to  whom,  it  doth  he.ong,  i  lim.  v.  22.  Adisxiv.  23.  and  J£fs 
xiii.  3. 

It  is  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  very  expedient,  that 
fuch  as  are  to  be  ordained  Minifters,  be  deiigned  to  fome  particular 
Church,  cr  ether  Minillerial  Charge,  ^^i  xiv.  23.  TiV.  i.  5.  Jds 
XX.  17,  ?nd  28.      ■ 

He  that  IS  to  be  ordained  Minifter,  muft  be  duly  qualified,  both 
for  Life  and  MinifieriAl  Abilities,  according  to  the  Rules  of  the 
Apoflle,    I  Tim.  iii.  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.  and  Tit.  1.  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 

He  is  to  be  examined  and  approved  by  thole  by  whom  he  is  to 
be  ordained,    1  Tim.  in.  -ver.  7,  and  10.  and  Chap.  v.  "ver.  22. 

No  Man  is  to  be  ordained  a  Miniiler  for  a  particular  Congrega- 
;tion,  if  they  of  tnat  Congregation  can  Ihew  juit  Cau.e  of  Exception 
againll  him,    i  Tim.  iii.  2.  Tit.  i.  7.  •  ' 

Teaching  the  Ponjcer  of  Ordination. 

OPdination  is  the  Aft  of  a  Prclbytery,  i  Tim.  iv.  14. 
Ihe  Power  of  ordering  the  whole  Work  of  Ordination,  is 
in  the  whole  Prefbytcry,  which  when  it  is  over  more  Congrega- 
tions than  one,  w];ether  thole  Congregations  be  fixed  or  not  fixed, 
in  regard  of  Officers  or  Members,  it  is  indifferent,  as  to  the  Point 
of  Ordination,   iT/'ot.  iv.  14. 

It  is  very  requifite  that  no  fmgle  Congregation,  that  can  con- 
veniently aficciate,  do  alTume  to  it  felf  all  and  fole^Pov/er  in  Or- 
dination. 

\.  Becaufe 


APPENDIX.  601 

1 .  Becaufc  there  is  no  Example  in  Scripture,  that  any  finglc 
Congregation,  wJiich  might  conveniently  alibciatc,  did  aifume  to 
It  Icit'an  and  fole  Power  in  Ordination  i  neither  is  there  any  Rule 
wliicli  may  warrant  luch  a  Pradice. 

2.  Becaufe  there  is  in  Scripture  Example  of  an  Ordination  in  a 
Prcfbytery  over  divers  Congregations;  as  in  the  Church  ofjcm- 

faleiriy  wliere  were  many  Congregations,  theic  many  Congregati- 
ons were  under  one  Prefbytery,  and  this  Prelbytery  did  Ordain. 

The  Preaching  Prefbyters  orderly  allbciated,  either  in  Cities  or 
neighbouring  Villages,  are  thole  to  whom  the  Impohtion  of  Hands 
dotji  appertam,  for  thofe  Congregations  witliin  their  Bounds  refper 
ftively. 

Concerning  the  Doolrinal  Part  ^Ordination  cf 
Ministers.     ' 

1.  1^  T  O  Man  ought  to  take  upon  him  the  Office  of  a  Minifter 
j  ^kj    of  the  Word,  without  a  lawful  Calling,  John  iii.  27. 
X.    ^     Row.  X.  14,  15.   yer.xiv.  14.  Hel'.  v.  4. 

2.  Ordination  is  always  to  be  continued  in  the  Church,  Tit.  i.  5. 
I  Ttm.  V.  2i,  22. 

3 .  Ordination  is  the  folemn  fetting  Apart  of  a  Perfon  to  fome 
publick  Church  Office,  Numb.  viii.  id,  ii,  i^,  19,  22.  Jds 
vi.  3,  5,  6.  _ 

4.  Every  Minifter  of  the  Word  is  to  be  ordained  by  Impofition 
of  Hands  and  Pra}'er,  with  Fafiing,  by  thoie  Preaching  Pre/byters 
to  whom  it  doth  belong,    i  Tijn.  v.  22.   /Ids  xiv.  23.  Jets  xiii.  3. 

5 .  The  Power  of  ordering  the  whole  Work  of  Ordination  is  in 
the  whole  Prefbytery,  which,  when  it  is  over  more  Congre g.^ tions 
than  one,  whether  thofe  Congregations  be  fixed,  or  not  i;xed,  in 
regard  of  Officers  or  Members,  it  is  indifferent  as  to  the  Point  of 
Ordination,    i  Tim.iv.  14. 

6.  It  is  agreeable  to  the  Word,  and  very  expedient,  that  fuch 
as  are  to  be  ordained  Miniiters,  be  defigned  to  fome  particular 
Church,  or  other  Miniflerial  Charge,  Acis  xiv.  23.  "Tit.  1.  5.  Ails 
XX.  17,  and  28. 

7.  He  that  is  to  be  ordained  Minifter  muft  be  duly  qualified, 
both  for  I.ile  and  Miniilerial  Abilities,  according  to  the  Rules  of 
the  Apoftle,   i  Tim.  iii.  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.  Tit.  i.  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 

8.  He  is  to  be  examined,  and  approved  of  by  thoie  by  whom  he 
is  to  be  ordained,    i  Tim.m.'j,  10.    i  Tim.  v.  22. 

9.  No  Man  is  to  be  ordained  a  Minifter  for  a  particular  Con- 
gregation, if  they  of  that  Congregation  can  fiiew  jult  Caufe  of  Ex- 
ception againlt  him,    i  Tim.  iii.  2.  Tit.  i.  7. 

10.  Pre.'^.ch- 


6oi  APPENDIX. 

10.  Preaching  Prefbyters  orderly  aflbciated,  either  in  Cities,  or 
neighbouring  Villages,  are  thofe  to  whom  the  Impofition  of  Hands 
do  appertain,  for  thefe  Congregations  within  their  Bounds  refpe- 
ilively,    I  Tim.  iv.  14. 

1 1 .  In  extraordinary  Cafes,  fomething  extraordinary  may  be 
done,  until  a  fettled  Order  may  be  had,  yet  keeping  as  near  as 
poffibly  may  be  to  the  Rule,  2  Chron.  xxix.  34,  35,  36.   2  Chron. 

XXX,  2,  3,4,5. 

12.  There  is  at  this  Time  (as  we  humbly  conceive)  an  extraor- 
dinary Occafion  for  a  Way  of  Ordination  for  the  prefent  Supply  of 
Miniilers. 

The  DireSiory  for  the  Ordination  of  Minijiers, 
T  being  manifefl  by  the  Word  of  God,  that  no  Man  ought  to 
take  upon  him  the  Office  of  a  A^inifter  of  the  Gofpel,  until  he 
be  lawfully  called  and  ordained  thereunto  ;  and  that  the  Work  of 
Ordination  is  to  be  performed  with  all  due  Care,  Wifdom,  Gravi- 
ty, and  Solemnity  ;  we  humbly  tender  thefe  Direftions  as  requifite 
to  be  obferved. 

Fiif,  He  that  is  to  be  ordained,  being  either  nominated  by  the 
People,  or  otherwife  commended  to  the  Pre/bytery  for  any  Place, 
mufl  addrefs  himfelf  to  the  Prefbytery,  and  bring  with  him  a  Teili- 
monial  of  his  taking  the  Covenant  of  the  Three  Kingdoms ;  of  his 
Diligence  and  Proficiency  in  his  Studies ;  what  Degrees  he  hath  ta- 
ken in  the  Univerfity,  and  what  hath  been  the  Time  of  his  Abode 
there  j  and  withal  of  his  Age,  which  is  to  be  Twenty  four  Years  ; 
but  efpecially  of  his  Life  and  Converfation. 

2.  Which  being  confidered  by  the  Prefbytery,  they  are  to  pro- 
ceed, to  enquire  touching  the  Grace  of  God  in  him,  and  whether 
he  be  of  fuch  Holinefs  of  Life,  as  is  requifite  in  a  Minifter  of  the 
Gofpel ;.  and  to  examine  him  touching  his  Learning  and  Sufficien- 
cy, and  touching  the  Evidences  of  his  Calling  to  the  holy  Minillry, 
and  in  particular,  his  fair  and  direft  Calling  to  that  Place. 

The  Rules  for  Examination  are  thefe, 

1 .  That  the  Party  examitied  he  dealt  ^withal  in  a  hrotherlv  Way, 
ijjith  Mildnefs  of  Spirit,  and  nvith  fpecial  Refpeil  to  the  Gra'vity, 
Modejly,  and  Quality  of  every  one. 

2.  He  JhaJl  be  examined  touching  his  Skill  in  the  Original  Tongues y 
end  his  Trial  to  he  made  by  reading  the  Hebrew  and  Greek  Tejia- 
ments,  and  rendering  fo?ne  Portion  of  fome  into  Latin  ;  and  if  he  be 
defeSli^e  in  them,  Enqui)y  Jhall  be  made  more  ftri£lly  after  his  other 
Learning,  and  nuhether  he  hath  Skill  in  Logick  and  Philofophy. 

3.  What  Authors  in  Divinity  he  hath  read,  and  is  beji  acquainted 
nvith.  And  Trial  Jhall  be  made  in  his  Kno<Txi  ledge  of  the  Grounds  of 
Religion,  and  cf_  his  Ability  to  defend  the  orthodox  Dodrine  contained 
in  them,  againji  all  unfound  and  erroneous  Opinions,  efpecially  thofe  ef 
the  prefent  Age :  Of  his  Shill  in  the  Senfe  a?id  Meaning  of  fuch  Places 


APPENDIX,  .         603 

tf  Scrip furf,  as  Jhall  he  propofed  unto  him,   in  Cafes  of  Confdencet 
and  in    the    Chronology    of    the    Scripture,     and    the    Ecclcjtajlical 

Hifory. 

4.  If  he  hath  not  before  preached  in  Pullick,  nvith  approbation  of 
fuch  as  are  able  to  judge,  he  f  jail,  at  a  competent  "Time  ajjigned  hitn, 

expound  before  the  Prejbytery  Juch  a  Place  or  Scripture  as  Jhall  be  gi- 
iicn  him. 

5 .  He  ff?all  alfo,  <iuithin  a  cojnpetent  Time,  frame  a  Difcotirfe 
in  Latin,   upon  fuch  a  Common  Place  or  Controvcrjy  in  Divinity,  as 

JJ:>all  be  ajjigned  him,  and  exhibite  to  the   Prejbytery  fuch  Theles  as 
exprefs  the  Sum  thereof,   and  maintain  a  DiJ'pute  upon  thetn. 

6.  He  Jhall  Preach  before  the  People,  the  Prejbytery,  or  feme  of  the 
Minijiers  of  the  Word  appointed  by  them,   bei7ig  prejent. 

7.  7he  Proportion  of  his  Gfts  in  relation  to  the  Place  unto  nvhich 
he  is  called  Jhall  be  confdercd. 

8.  Bcfde  the  Trial  of  his  Gifts  in  Preaching,  he  f?all  undergo  an 
Exajnination  in  the  Prcmifes  tiuo  fenjcral  Days,  and  more,  if  the 
Prejbytery  Jhall  judge  it  necej/eny. 

9.  ^nd  as  for  him  that  hath  formerly  been  ordained  a  Minijler, 
and  is  to  be  remo'ved  to  another  Charge,  he  fhall  bring  a  Tefimonial  of 
his  Ordifiation,  and  of  his  Abilities  and  Con'verfation,  <whereupon  his 
Fitnefsfor  that  Place  Jl^all  be  tried  by  his  Preaching  there,  [f  it  Jhall 
be  judged  neccffary)  by  a  further  Examination  of  hi?n. 

3 .  Jn  all  which  he  being  approved,  he  is  to  be  font  to  the  Church 
wliere  he  is  to  ferve,  there  to  preach  Three  leveral  Days,  and  to 
conver-e  with  the  People,  that  they  may  have  Trial  of  his  Gifts  for 
their  Edification,  and  may  have  I'ime  and  Occaiion  to  enquire  in- 
to, and  the  better  to  know  his  Life  and  Converfation. 

4.  In  the  lait  of  tliefe  Three  Days  appointed  for  the  Trial  of  his 
Gifts  in  Preaching,  there  ftiall  be  fent  from  the  Prefbytery  to  the 
Congregation,  a  publick  Intimation  in  Writing,  Vsiiich  Ihail  be 
publickly  read  beibre  the  People,  and  after  affixed  to  the  Church 
Door,  to  fignify  taat  iuch  a  Day,  a  competent  Number  of  the 
Members  ot  th.it  Congregation,  nominated  by  themfelves,  fhall  ap- 
pear before  the  Prefbytery,  to  give  their  Coalent  and  Approbation 
to  fuch  a  Man  to  be  tlieir  Minillcr  ;  or  otherwiie,  to  put  in,  with 
all  Chriflian  Dilcretion  atid  Meeknefs,  what  Exceptions  they  have 
againit  him  ;  and  if,  upon  the  Day  appointed,  there  be  no  juft  Ex- 
ception againil  )iim,  but  the  People  give  their  Confent,  then  the 
Prefbytery  fhall  proceed  to  Ordination. 

5 .  Upon  the  j)ay  appointed  for  Ordination,  which  is  to  be  per- 
formed in  that  Church,  where  he  that  is  to  be  ordained  is  to  fervc, 
a  folemn  Fall  fhall  be  kept  by  the  Congregation,  that  thty  may 
the  more  earneftly  join  in  Prayer,  for  a  BlefTmg  upon  the  Ordi- 
nance of  Chrifl,  and  the  Labours  of  his  Servant  for  their  Good. 
The  Prefbytery  fliall  come  to  the  Place,  or  at  leall  T'hree  or  Four 
MiniAers  of  the  Word  fhall  be  fent  thither  from  the  Prefbytery  ;  of 

which 


6o4  APPENDIX. 

which  one,  appointed  by  the  Prefby tery,  Ihall  preach  to  the  Peopte, 
concerning  the  Office  and  Duty  of  Minifters  of  C'hriltj  and  how  the 
^People  ought  to  receive  them  for  their  Work's  fake. 

6.  After  the  Sermon,  the  Minifter  who  hath  preached,  ,/halI, 
in  the  Face  of  the  Congregation,  demand  of  him  who  is  now  to  be 
ordained,  concerning  his  Faith  in  Chrill  Jefus,  and  his  Periwafion 
of  the  Truth  of  the  Reformed  Religion  according  to  the  Scripture  ; 
his  fincere  Intentions  and  Ends  in  defiring  to  enter  into  this  Calling ; 
his  Diligence  in  Prayer,  Reading,  Meditation,  Preaching,  Mini- 
ilring  the  Sacraments,  Difcipline,  and  doing  all  Minifterial  Duties 
towards  his  Charge  ;  his  Zeal  and  Faithfulnefs  in  maintaining  the 
Truth  of  the  Gofpel,  and  Unity  of  the  Church,  againft  Error  and 
Schifm  ;  his  Care  thq,t  himfelf  and  his  Family  may  be  unblameable, 
and  Examples  to  the  Flock ;  his  Willingnefs  and  Humility,  in 
Meeknefs  of  Spirit,  to  fubmit  unto  the  Admonitions  of  his  Brethren 
and  Difcipline  of  the  Church ;  and  his  Reiblution  to  continue  in 
his  Duty  againft  all  Trouble  and  Perfecution. 

7.  In  all  which  having  declared  himfelf,  profefTed  his  Willing- 
nefs, and  promifed  his  Endeavours,  by  the  Help  of  God  ;  the  Mi- 
nifter likewife  fhall  demand  of  the  People,  concerning  their  Wil- 
lingnefs to  receive  and  acknowledge  him,  as  the  Minifter  of  Chrift  ; 
and  to  obey,  and  fubmit  unto  him,  as  having  Rule  over  them  in 
the  Lord ;  and  to  maintain,  encourage,  and  affift  him  in  a,ll  the  Parts 
of  his  Office. 

8.  Wiiich  being  mutually  promifed  by  the  People,  the  Prefoy te- 
ry, or  the  Minifters  fent  from  them  for  Ordination,  fhall  folemnly 
fet  him  apart  to  the  Office  and  Work  of  the  Miniftry,  by  laying 
their  Hands  on  him,  which  is  to  be  accompanied  v/ith  a  fhort  Pray- 
er or  Bleffing,  to  this  EiFed  ; 

"  Thankfully  acknowledging  the  great  Mercy  of  God,  in  fend- 
"  ing  Jefus  Chrift  for  the  Redemption  of  his  People;  and  for  his 
*'  Afcenfion  to  the  right  Hand  of  God  the  Father,  and  thence  pour- 
*'  ing  out  his  Spirit,  and  giving  Gifts  to  Men,  Apoftles,  Evange- 
*'  lilts,  Prophets,  Pallors,  and  Teachers,  for  the  gathering  and 
<«  building  up  of  his  Church;  and  for  fitting  and  inclining  this 
**  Man  to  this  great  Work  *  ;  to  entreat  him  to  ht  him  with  his  ho- 
*'  ly  Spirit,  to  give  him  (who  in  his  Name  we  thus  fet  apart  to 
*'  this  holy  Service)  to  fulhl  the  Work  of  his  Miniltry  in  all 
•*'  Things,  that  he  may  both  fave  himfelf,  and  his  People  commit- 
*'  ted  to  his  Chai-ge." 

9.  This,  or  the  like  Form  of  Prayer  and  Bleffing  being  ended, 
•let  the  Minifter  who  preached  briefly  exliort  him,  to  confider  of 
tlie  Greatnefs  of  his  Office  and  Work,  the  Danger  of  Negligence 
both  to  himfelf  and  his  people,  the  Bleffing  which  will  accompany 
his  Faithfulnefs  in  this  Life,  and  that  to  come  ;  and  withal  exhort 
tlie  People  to  carry  themfelves  to  him,  as  to  their  Minifter  in  the 

*  Here  Ut  them  impofe  Hands  on  his  Head. 

Lord. 


APPENDIX.  60s 

Lord,  according  to  their  lolemn  Promile  made  before  ;  and  Co  by 
Praver  commending  both  him  and  his  Flock  to  the  Grace  of  God> 
after  Imgiiig  of  a  Plidm  let  the  Aflcmbly  be  difmifled  with  a 
Bleffing. 

10.  If  a  Minillcr  be  dcfigncd  to  a  Congregation,  who  hath  beea 
fonncrly  ordained  Prtfbyter  according  to  the  Porm  of  Ordination 
which  hath  been  in  tiie  Church  of  England,  which  we  hold  for 
Subllancc  to  be  valid,  nnd  not  to  be  di  claimed  by  any  who  have 
received  it;  then  thc;c  being  a  cautious  Proceeding  in  Matters  of 
Examination,  let  him  be  admitted  without  any  new  Ordination. 

11.  And  in  cafe  any  Penon  already  ordained  Minilter  m  Scot- 
land, or  in  any  other  Reformed  Church,  be  dtiigned  to  another 
Congregation  in  England,  he  is  to  bi  ing  from  that  Church  to  the 
Prefbytery  here,  v^  ithin  which  that  Congregation  is,  a  fufiicicnt  Te- 
iHmonial  of  hib  Ordination,  ofhisLiie  and  Converiation  while  he 
lived  with  them,  and  of  the  Causes  of  his  Removal  ;  and  to  undergo 
fuch  a  Trial  of  his  Fitnefs  and  Sufficiency,  and  to  have  the  fam« 
Courfe  held  with  him  in  other  Particulars,  as  is  fet  dowTi  in  the 
Rule  immediately  going  before,  touching  Examination  and  Ad- 
minion. 

12.  That  Records  be  carefully  kept  in  the  feveral  PrePoyterie.% 
of  the  Names  .of  the  Perfons  ordained,  with  their  Teftimonials,  the 
Time  and  Place  of  dieir  Ordination,  of  the  Prefbyters  who  did  im- 
pofe  Hands  upon  them,  and  of  the  Charge  to  which  they  are  ap- 
pointed. 

13.  That  no  Money  or  Gift  of  what  Kind  foever  fhall  be  recei- 
ved from  the  Perfon  to  be  ordained,  or  from  any  on  his  Behalf,  for 
Ordination,  or  ought  elfe  belonging  to  it,  by  any  of  the  Prefbytery, 
or  any  appertaining  to  any  of  them,  upon  what  Pretence  foever. 

'[hui  far  of  ordinary  Rules  and  Courfe  of  Ordination  in  the  ordina- 
ry Way  i  that  ivhich  concerns  the  extraordinary  Way,  requifite  to 
he  no'VJ  praSifedf  follonjueth. 

I .  In  thefe  prefent  Exigences,  while  we  cannot  have  any  Pref- 
byteries  formed  up  to  their  whole  Power  and  Work,  and  that  ma- 
ny Minifters  are  to  be  ordained  for  the  Service  of  the  Armiec  and 
Navy,  and  to  many  Congregations  where  tiiere  is  no  MiniUer  at 
all ;  and  where  (by  Reafon  of  the  publick  Troubles)  the  People 
cannot  either  taemfelves  enquire,  and  find  out  one  who  may  be  a 
faithful  Miniiter  for  them,  or  have  any  with  Safety  fent  unto  them, 
for  fuch  a  folemn  Trial  as  was  belure  mentioned  in  the  orJinaiy 
Rule:?,  especially  when  there  can  be  no  Prelhytery  near  unto  them, 
to  whom  they  may  ad  Iref;  thcmlelves,  or  which  may  come  or  <cnd 
to  them  a  fit  Man  to  be  ordained  in  that  Congregation,  and  for  that 
•  People  :  And  yet  notwithlcandiiig,  it  is  requifite  that  .Miniifers  be 
ordained  for  them,  by  fome,  who,  being  fet  Apart  themiclves  for 
the  Work  of  the  MiniJiry,  have  Power  to  join  in  the  lettmg  Apart 

otiiecs 


(6o6  J  P  P  t  N  B  I  X. 

others  who  are  Found  fit  and  worthy.  In  thofe  Cales,  until,  by 
God's  Blefiing,  the  aforefaid  Difficulties  may  be  in  fome  good  Mea- 
fure  removed,  let  fome  godly  Minilters  in  or  about  the  City  of  Lon- 
don, be  defigned  by  publick  Authority,  who  being  affociated,  -  may- 
ordain  Minillers  for  the  City  and  the  Vicinity,  keeping  as  near  to 
the  ordinary  Rules  forementioned  as  poffibly  they  may  ;  and  let  this 
Affociation  be  for  no  other  Intent  or  Purpofe,  but  only  for  the 
Work  of  Ordinrtion. 

2.  Let  the  like  Alfociation  be  made  by  the  fame  Authority  in 
great  Towns,  and  the  neighbouring  Parifhes  in  the  feveral  Counties, 
which  are  at  the  prelent  quiet  and  undillurbedj  to  do  the  like  for 
the  Parts  adjacent. 

3.  Let  iuch  as  are  chofen,  or  appointed  for  the  Ser\-ice  of  the 
Armies  or  Navy,  be  ordained  as  aforefaid,  by  the  affociated  Mini- 
iler«  of  London,  or  fome  others  in  the  Country. 

4.  Let  them  do  the  like  when  any  Man  fhall  duly  and  lawfully 
be  recommended  to  them  for  the  Miniftry  of  any  Congregation^ 
who  cannot  enjoy  Liberty  to  have  a  Trial  of  his  Parts  and  Abilities, 
and  defire  the  Help  of  fuch  Miniilers  fo  affociated,  for  the  better 
furnifhing  of  them  v/ith  fuch  a  Perfon,  as  by  them  fliall  be  judged 
fit  for  the  Service  of  that  Church  and  People. 

The  Contents  of  the  Form  of  Presbyterial  Church 
Government. 

THE  Pre/ace. 
Of  the  Church. 

Of  the  Officers  of  the  Church, 

Pajiors. 

Teacher  or  DoBor. 

Other  Church  Governors. 

Deacons. 

Of  particular  Congregations . 

Of  the  Officers  of  a  particular  Congregation. 

Of  the  Ordinances  in  a  particular  Congregation. 

Of  Church  Go-oernment,  and  the  fe^veral  Sorts  of  Ajjetnhlies  for  the 
fame. 

Of  the  Ponver  in  Common  of  all  thefe  Affemhlies. 

Of  Congregational  Ajfemblies,  that  is.   The  Meeting  tf  the  Ruling  Of- 
ficers of  a  particular  Congregation,  for  the  Governtnent  thereof. 

Of  Claffical  Afjlmhlies . 

Of  Synodical  Jfficmblies. 

Of  Ordination  of  Minifers . 

Touching  the  DoSirine  of  Ordination. 

Touching  the  Ponuer  of  Ordination. 

Concerning  the  DoQrinal  Part  of  the  Ordination  of  Minifers. 

The  Direiioryfor  the  Ordination  ofMiniJien. 

INDEX 


I  N  D  E  X. 


N^^^^^^^y^^^'i^^^c^*^y'^cy*^y^<^y^^^^^^^^i^^^y^i^)* 


I"  B  J  U  R  AT  I O  N  Oathyor  dlfco^uerlng  Vafifis,  p.  38. 
%,  Accommodation,'  grand  Committee  of,  bet^xjeen  the 
\ih  Prefbyterians  ^^zrt' Independants,  and  their  Proceed- 
Vf       %^>  P-  30 z,  &c. 

^  '   Afternoon  Sermons,  offupprejjingthem,  p.  223,224, 
Agicators  in  the  Army,  p.  397. 
Agreement  of  the  People,  p.  495,  530. 

Altars,  of  confecrating  them,  p.  198,  200,  202.  Of  their  Antiquity , 
Situation,  and  Railing  them  in,  p.  204,  206,  207.  Of  their 
Furniture,  p.  205,  208.  Antiquity  of  honjoing  tonvards  themy 
p.  209,  210. 
Anabaptifts,  none  in  the  Affemhly  ofDinjines,  p.  148.  Their  Rife 
and  Progrefs  in  England,  p.  159.  Their  ConfeJJlon  of  Faith , 
p.  161.  Their  CharaSler,  p.  162.  Their  Sufferings,  p.  163. 
Remarks,  p.  164. 
Annotations,    that  go  under  the  Name  of  the  Affemhly  (f  Divines , 

p.  491,492. 
Anfwer  to  the  Reafons  of  the  London  Clergy,  containing  a  Cenfure 
on  the  Prefbyterians,  and  defending  uni'verfal  Liberty  of  Confcience, 
p.  312. 
Antapologia  iTg^a/;?/? /,^f  Independants,  p.  145. 
Aniinomvuraim.  cenfurd  by  the  AJfembly  of  Di'vi7ies,  p.  68. 
Anti-Toleration,  a  Pamphlet  fo  calPd,  p.  314. 
Apologetical  Narration  0/"/^^  Independants,  p.  1 41 .  Remarks,  p.  144. 
Archbifhops  ajtd  Bifhops,   ^c.   Ordinances  for  abolijhing  them,  and 

for  the  Sale  of  their  Lands,   p.  361,  362. 
Arminianifm  encouraged  by  Laud,  p.  2 1 5 . 

Army,  the  Kin^s,  Charailer  of  it,  and  the  Ravages  they  ctmmittedj 
p.  109. 

I  Army, 


do8  INDEX. 

Army,    the  Parltamejifs^    their    CharaSler    and  good  Difcipline, 
p.   III.      Ne^w  modeWd,    p.    268.      Rife    of  Enthuftafm   in   it; 
p.    269,   371.      7heir  fri^  Difcipline,  p.    270.      Their  feparate 
yie'wSy  p.  395-    ,  Control) erfy  bet'-ix:een  the  Parliament  and  thenty 
p.  397.      They  feize  the  King  at  Holmby,   p.  398.      Their  Decla- 
ration, p.  400.      They  impeach  ek'ven  Members  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons,  p.  401.   Se'veral Members  retire  to  them,   p.  403.     They 
march  to  London,   p.  405.      Reafons  of  their  deferting  the  King, 
p.  410.      Their  Propofals,    p.  412.      They  unite  qxith  the  Parlia- 
ment, p.  420.      They  are  diffatisfydivith  ihe  Treaty  of 'bitw^Qrti 
p.  526.      Their  Proceedings,  p.  527.      Their  P.emonf}rafice,^.<^2'i. 
They  feize  the  King  a  fecondTime,  ibid.      They  march  to  London 
and  purge  the  Parliament,  p.  528,  529.      Refol<ve  to  impeach  the 
King,  p.    530.      Remonjirance  of  the  Prefbyterian  Minijiers  a7id 
others  again fi  them,  p.  531,  532,   &c.      Part  of  theWy  tuith  the 
Remainder    of   the  Parliament,    proceed  againfi  the   Kingy    and 
put  him  to  Death,  p.  539. 
Army,  Scots,  ^K/^rj  England,  p.  107.     Again  wider  Duke  ViAxaA- 

ton,  p.  485.     See  Scots. 
Arrowfmith,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  123. 
Articles  of  the  Church  o/"  England,  Alterations  made  in  them  by  the 
AffemhlyofDi'vines,  p.  67.     5^1?  Appendix,  Numb.  I.  a 

Articles  of  Difcipline  in  the  Affembly'j  Confeffion,  rejeded  by  the 

Parliament,  p.  380. 
Affembly  of  Divines,  Steps  toivards  calling  it,  p.  5 1 .  Grdinance 
for  calling  it,  p.  52.  Names  of  the  Lay-Affeffors,  p.  54.  A 
Lift  of  the  Divines,  p.  55-  The  Kijig  forbids  their  Meeting,  p.  60. 
Epif copal  Clergy  s  Reafons  againfi  the  Affembly,  n)oith  the  Anfvoers 
to  them,  ibid.  Their  CharaSier,  p.  61.  They  meet,  p.  62. 
Rules  agreed  on  by  them,  p.  63.  Their  Vouo  or  Pj-otcfiation,  ibid. 
Regulatio7is  fent  them  by  the  Parliament,  p.  64.  Their  Petition. 
to  the  Parliament  for  a  Fafi,  &c.  p.  65.  Their  Alterations  in  the 
Thirty  nine  Articles,  p.  67.  They  cenfure  Antinomianifm,  p.  68. 
Their  Letter  to  the  Scots,  p.  69.  Scots  Cotnmifjioners  appointed  t» 
join  thefn,  p."  69,  70.  Mr.  Marflial  and  Nye'j  Letter  to  them, 
p.  70.  Their  Debates  on  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenrnt,  p-  7 1  • 
Their  Exhortation  to  the  taking  of  it,  p.  78.  Their  Letter  to  fo- 
reign Churches,  p.  88.  Epifcopal  Diwnes  lea've  them,  p.  97. 
The  Examination  and  Approbation  of  Miniflcrs  refcrrd  to  them, 
p.  99.  An  Account  of  the  fenjeral  Parties  amon^  ft  them,  p.  139', 
&C.  Their  farther  Procecdi7:gs,  p.  148.  Order""  d  to  confer  about 
Difcipline,  ibid.  Their  Proceedings  and  Ad'vice  about  Ordination, 
p.  149,  151.  They  compofe  a  V>\xtSioxy  for  Publick  Wotflnp, 
p.  153.  Debate  about  Ordination,  '^.  276.  T he  P o^wer  to  ordain 
gi'ven  to  them  pro  tempore,  p.  277.  They  debate  about  the  Di'viae 
Right  ofPrefbytery,  p.  278.  About  the  Ponver  of  the  Keys,  p. 285. 
They  petition  againji  the  Ordinance  for  Prefbyteries,  p.  298.  At'e 
threate7id  <vjith  a  Premunire,    p.  299.     ^(efliom  propounded  to 

iheirt 


INDEX.  609 

them  about  tit  Divine  Right  of  Prcjhytcrj,  ibid.  Thcj  arc  terrl- 
f.cJ,  and  appoint  a  Fuji,  p.  302.  They  recomrrrnd  a  xe-i-  Verjion 
of  the  Pfalms,  p.  315.  Their  Sentiments  of  the  Jus  Divinuni, 
p.  328.  Theit  Proceedings  upon  their  CoYifcinon  of  Faith,  p.  378. 
Their  larger  and  fjorter  Catcchifms,  p.  382.  Scots  CommiJJioners 
take  Ica'-jc  of  them ,  ibid.  Concliifon  of  tU  Aflcmbly,  p.  491. 
.  Their  Works y  ibid.  Of  the  Annotations  ivhich  go  u-ider  their 
Name,  ibid,  and  ^p.  492.    A  farther  Account  of  their  Charafier, 

P-  493-  ,  ,       ^ 

AfTociations     of     the      Prefbytcrian     Minifers     in     the    Country, 

P-  497- 

B. 

BAxtcr,  Mr:  keeps  his  People  from  taking  the  Solemn  League  and 
Covenant,  p.  82.      His  Account  of  the  SeSlaries  in  the  Army, 

p.  370.      His  Sentiments  about  the  Authors  of  the  Kin^s  Death, 

p.  551. 
Bayly,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  463. 
Beale,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  119. 
Benefices,  ho^w  the  vacant  ones  ix-ere  filed  up,  p.  40.     Parliament 

r.ominate  to  them,  p.  98. 
Be  ft,   Paul,   Proceedings  againjl  him,  p.  315. 
Birkenhead,   ^Ir.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  465. 
Bifhops.     See  Archbifhops.     See  Epilcopacy. 
Blafphemy  ^z«^  Herefy,   Ordinance  again f,  p.  497, 
Book  o/^Sports  burnt  by  the  commoji  Hangman,  p.  43.      Promoted  by 

Archbijhop  Laud,  p.  213. 
'Eo6k%  prohibited  and  cajlrated  by  hzM^i,  p.  218.      Popijh  ones  licen- 

fed,  and  the  Importation  of  them  conniaPd  at  by  him,  p.  219. 
Books  publijh'' d for  and  againji  the  King^s  Death,   p.  545 . 
Bowing  to^Luards   the  A\t2ir,  p.  209,   210.      At  the  Name  e/'Jefus, 

p.  210,  211. 
Bramhal,    Bijhop,    his  Account  of  Paiifs  in  the  Parliament  Armjp 

p.  372,  552. 
Brent,   Sir^zxh.fome  Account  of  him,  p.  460. 
Brentford  taken  by  the  King,  p.  2. 
Brooke,   Lord,  his  Death  and  Charailer,  p.  1 9. 
Browne,   Samuel,   Efq;  a  Manager  in  Lnni' s  Trial,  p.  242. 
Brownrigge,   Dr.  fnme  Account  of  him,  p.  i  20. 
Burnet,   Bijhop,   his  Charaiier  of  Archbijhop  h2.\xd.,   p.  248.     Of  King 

Charles  I.   p.  542.      His  Sentiments  about  the  Authors  of  the  King^s 

Death,  p.  551. 
Burroughs,   Rev.  Mr.  Jeremiah,  his  Declaration  in  the  Name  of  the 

Independants,  p.  309.      His  Death  and  CharaSier,  p.  376. 
Button,  Mr.  Jime- Account  cf  him,  p.  472. 


Vot.  m.  Rx  c. 


6io  I  N  D  E  X. 

,-x.  -  -  c. 

/:  "^y»  iWr.  a  Pajfage  in  his  Serfnon  ahout  0^X1^X02^5,  ^.iSq. 

^'\<_j  Cambridge  Univerfity,  their  Beha'vioury  p.  113.  '  ■Vifitation 

*- .  g^/V,  p.  1 14.     Proceedings  therein^  p.   115.      Covenant  wA  /f «- 

der  d  to  all  of  them,  p.  116.      Numbers  ejeSied,  ibid.    Reafortable- 

nefsofit,  p.  117.      CharaHers  of  the  eje£led  ProfeJforSj  p.  118. 

And  of  their  Succejfors,  p.  121.      Remarks,  p.  124.     Form  of  In- 

duSlion  of  the  nenx)  Mafers,  p.  125.   And  of  the  Fellonvs,  p.  126- 

State  of  the  Uninierjity  afterimardsy  p.  1 27.     T>&fir  Re<venuei  fre- 

fer'v'd,  p.  316. 

Catechilms,  AfTembly'j  larger  and  Jkorter,    approved  and  allo'w'd 

by  the  Parha?nent,  p.  382. 
Cathedrals,  Ordinance  for  feizing  their  Revenues,  p.  316. 
Charles  I.   King,  purfues his  March  to  London  after  the  Battle  of 
Edge-Hill,  p.  i.    Tai^j  Reading  ««^  Brentford,  p.  2.     Retreats 
again,  p.  3.     Motinjes  of  his  March,  ibid.      Remarks,  p.  4.    His 
Letter  to  Duke  Hamilton,  p.  4,  5.     Encouraging  ProfpeSi  of  his 
Affairs,  p.  6.      His  Tj-uce  <ivith  the  Irifh  Rebels,  p.  7.      Parlia- 
fnenis  Propojttions  to  him  at  the  Treaty  o/"  Oxford,  p.  9.     His  oiun 
Prcpofals,  p.  14.      His  Anfnver  to  the  Parliament  Commiffioners, 
p.  15.      Which  breaks  off  the  Treaty,  p.  17.      His  Proclamations 
againfi  the  City  of  London,  ^c.  p.  21.     Succefs  of  his  Affairs^ 
p.  22,  23.      Makes  Reprifals  on  the  Parliamentarians  in  relation 
to  the  Clergy,  p.  39.      Diffol-ves  their  Monthly  Faji,  and  appoints 
another,  p.  44.     Prohibits  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  p.  60.     For- 
bids the  taking  of  the  Covenant,  p.  82.     Brings  over  Forces  from 
Ireland,  p.  85.      Ill  Confequences  of  it  to  his  Affairs,  p.  86.     His 
Protejiation,  p.  87.      His  Reply  to  the  Affemblfs  Letter  to  foreign 
Protefants,  p.  94.      Remarks  upon  it,  p.  96.      He  holds  a  Par- 
liament at  Oxford,  vohich  comes  to  nothing,  p.  105,  106.     His 
Letter  to  the  ^jieen,  p.  107.      Character  of  his  Army,  p.  109. 
Bad  State  of  his  Affairs,  p.  Ill,  112.      He  forbids  the  Ufe  of  the 
Diredlory,  p.   158.     Some  arbitrary  Claufes  in  his  Speeches  and 
Proclamations,  p.  179.      His  Conduit  in  the  Treaty  c/'Uxbridge, 
p.  249,  &C.     More  Letters  of  his  to  the  ^een,  p.  250,  252,  264, 
265,  322.      His  hifruiiions  to  his  CommiJJioners  on  the  Head  of  Re- 
ligion, p.  254.     His  Concefjlons,    p.  259.      Remarks  upon  thentf 
p.  260,  262.  His  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  OxTCiOxA,  p.  265.  ^ueetCs 
'"'■•  Afcendant  over  him,  ibid.     His  Warrant  to  the  Earl  g/^ Glamor- 
gan about  the  Irifh  Papijis,  p.  266.      Progrefs  of  his  Forces,  and 
■"■'•''■'his  Defeat  in  the  Battle  o/'Nafeby,  p.  271 .     He  foments  the  Di- 
vifions  betvueen  the  Preibyterians  and  Independants,  p.  314.     Hit 
mela7icholy  Co7idition  at  Oxford,  p.  321.     He  efcapes  to  the  Scots 
"  -  Army  and  fur  renders  himfelf  to  them,  p.  323.      Commiffions  the 
Marquis  of  Ormond  to  conclude  a  Peace  vjith  the  Irifti  Papifs, 
'*" 'p*  3*4' "  "J^'he'ScQts  Behaviour  toivards  him,  p-'335.     Conference 
.    'Y,  ^  i  ietwren 


INDEX.  6ii 

hetivein  him  and  Mr.  Henderfon  nhouf  Epifcopacy,   Sec.   p.  336. 
Hts  fir Ji  Paper  upon  it y  p.  337-      His  fecond,   p.  339.      Hts  third, 
p.  343.      His  Icij}  Papers,   p.  346.      Remarks  upon  his  Principles , 
p.  347.      Parliament's  Propofitions  to  him  ^r  NcwdfUe,   p.  350. 
Great  JnterceJJton  made  ivith  him  to  comply,  and  the  Lord  Chan- 
ctllcr  of  Scotlind^ s  Speech  to  him^  p-  354.      He  rtfufcs,  p.  355. 
His  Anfivcr,  p.   356.      His  Conference 'with  the  Scots   Comtnijfi- 
cners,  ibid.     Scots  Kirk  ivill  not  trujl  him,  p.  357.      Their  fo- 
lemn  Warning  and  Declaration  about  him,  p.   358.   Proceedings  of 
the  Scots   Parliament  in  relation  to  him,  p.  359.      They  deli'ver 
him  up  to  the  Englifh  Parliament,  ibid.      Whofe  Conimijfioners  re- 
(ei've  him,   and  con'vey  him  to  Holmhy-HoxxCc,  p.  360.     His  pref- 
jtng  Letter  for  a  perfonal  Treaty,  ibid.      Remarks,  p.  36,1.      In 
•what  Manner  he  linj'd  at  Holmby,  ibid.      His  fcparate  Fie^vs, 
p.  394.      His  farther  Atipwer  to   the  Propofitions  of  Newcaftle, 
p.  398.      He  is  fei^d  and  carried  to  the  Army,  ibid.      His  Moti- 
ons luith  them,  p.  408.      Cromwell  and  Ireton  confer  <v:ith  him, 
p.  409.      His  mijiaken  Condiid,   ibid.      Which  pro~jes  his  Ruin, 
p.  410.      Reafons  of  the  Armys  dcferting  him,  ibid.      He  efcapes 
from  Hampton  Court,    p.  411.      And  is  eonfirid  in  the   lile  of 
Wight,    p.  412.      Moti--je  of  his  Efcape,  p.  415.      His  pri'vate 
Treaty  njoith  the  Scots,  p.  416.      His   Conceffions  from  the  Ifle  of 
Wight,  p.  417.      Remarks,  p.  419.      He  difappro'ves  of  the  Or- 
dinance for  abolijhing  Q\ix\^rm:s,   &c.  p.  423.      His  Clergy  peti- 
tion to  be  refior  d  to  their  Li'vings,  p.  424.      Treaty  of  Newport 
betujeen  him  ::nd  the  Parliament,  p.  501.      A  Prayer  dra^wn  up 
by  his  DireBion  on  that  Occafion,  p.  503.      His  Reply  to  the  Par^ 
liameni's  Propofals,  ibid.      His  ConceJJions  on  the  Article  of  Reli- 
■     gion,  p.  504.      Conference  bettvccn  him  and  the  Parliament  Di- 
v   'Vines  about  Epifcopacy,  p.  505.      His  firjl  Paper,  ibid.      His  fe- 
'^^conil,   p.  507.      His  laji,  p.  512.      His  final  Conceffions,  p.  514. 
'  ^.jirguments  and  Motives  to  gain  his  Confent,  p.  516.      States  of 
'Scotland /rf/}  him  to  confent,  p.  519.      His  Speech  to  the  Commif 
JlonerSf  p.  5?.0.      His  Letter  to  the  Prince,  p.  525.      Heisfiiz^d 
\hy,  the  Afmy   a  fecond  Time,  p.    528.      His  Trial  refolnj'd  on, 
■  c  "j?'J^JQ»\    The  Voice  of  the  Nation  againfi  it,  p.  531,   &c.      Hit 
■^rtafand  Execution,  p.  539,  540.     His  Chara£ler,  p.  541.    His 
','     Works,   and  particularly  of  Eik.oonBa.fdike,  p.  543,544.      Bookf 
^     ^hlijhed  for  and  againfi  his  Death,  p.  545.      Who  nJiCri  jk^^  jiu- 
.     "'th^rsef  his  Death,  p.  547,   SzQ.  '  '  '^^"^ 

lC\^ni^,    Dr.    his  Behaviour  at  Mr.    Chillingv/orth'j  Interment, 
.\-'  p.  102-      Some  farther  Account  of  him,  p.  470. 
'".Cbillwgwpjth*  -''^'^r.   his  Death  and  Chara&er,  p.  ico. 
,;X^}\J\^'n^l,  Order  for  laying   afide  the   Okfiy-^utivn  of  it,  p.   1 6^. 
Jlel^arks,   ibid.      Ordinance  for  abili/hing  it,   &c.   p.  A22. 

iti    Difcipjift^e.^.qn^   Mj?rarckj    diJfoI'v\d,    p.   97,    112, 


R  r  2  Churoh 


6i2  INDEX. 

Ch'jrch  Government,  ^eflions  about  the  Divine  Right  of  it,  p.299,. 

Sentiments  of  the  Jj/emblj  ofDinjines  upon  it,  p.  328.      And  of  the 

honCiOn  Alin/Jlers,  p.  330. 
Church  Mufick,  p.  210,  212. 

Church  of  Rome,  nvhether  a  true  Church,  p.  227,231.      Archhi' 
.fop's  Laud'j  Dcf.gn  cf  reconciling  the  Church  of  England  to  it^ 

P-  232. 
Churches,  of  the  Confecration  of  them,  p.  198,  199,  200. 
Civil  Magiftrate,  <vohether  Religion  may' be  reform' d  ivithout  him^ 

^.P;  337.  339' 34'' 343- 

Civil  W'AT  btt-Tueen  the  King  and  Parliament,  the  Mi  fries  and  Def- 
lations of  it,  p.  109,  1 10,  112.  Conclufion  of  the  fir ji,  p.  324. 
Fie^^vs  of  the  different  Parties  concern  d  in  it,  p.  393.  The  fecond 
Civil  War,  p.  4S3,  &c.  Remarks  on  the  Confufton  of  thofe  Times, 
p.  489. 

Clarkfon,  Mr.  his  Recantation,  p.  164. 

Clayton,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  461. 

Clergy,  Proceedings  againf  them  for  Malignancy,  Sec.  p.  34.  i^'^- 
lity  of  thofe  njjho  nxiere  ejeiled,  p.  36.  Seqiitjiration  of  their  Eftates, 
ibid.  Their  Hardjhips,  p.  39.  ^ality  of  thofe  n.vho  nvere  put  in 
their  Roo?n,  p.  40,  4 1 .  Their  Hardfips  from  the  Solemn  League 
and  Covenant,  p.  83.  Numbers  ejected,  p.  133.  Compard 
nvii'h  the  ejeSied  Minifters  at  the  Refer ation,  p.  I  35.  Hardfjips 
on  both  Sides,  p.  137.  Archbifjop  I^aud  charg'd  tuith  attempting 
to  ft  up  an  independent  Po^wer  in  them,  p.  190.  Parliaments 
Care  fr  a  regular  Clergy,  p.  273.     See  Committee. 

Clergymen,  Bill  for  pwrjhmg  fcandalous  ones,  p.  12.  See  Scan-. 
daious. 

Chib->-ten,   their  Rife,   p.  loS; 

Colchellev  Siege,  p.  484. 

Collins,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,   p.  1 18. 

Colman,   Mr.   his  Death  and  Character,   p.  374. 

Comber,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  120. 

Commitments,   illegal,  charg'd  upon  Archbifop  "LzmA,  p.  186. 

Committee  of  Accommodation  beti.vecn  the  Prefbyterians  and  Indc- 
pendants,  p.  302.  Sec. 

Committee  to  examine  Clergymen,  p.  99.  Their  Method  of  Examih 
nation,  ibiJ.  -  i'-j-    VX 

Committee  for  fcandalous  Minifiers,  p.  26.  Their  PrOteedlngs 
p.  27,  &c. 

Committee _/o/-  plunder  d  Minifiers,  p.  30.  Their  Proceedings,  p.  3 1  - 
United  n':ith  that  for  fcandalous  Minifiers,  ibid.  Various  Cenfures 
en  thrir  proceedings,  ibid.  and^.  33. 

Qfjimnitlw  for  fandalous  Minifiers,  another,  and  the  Earl  of  Man- 
chefler'j-  U'cirrant  to  them,  p.    128.      His    Infir unions  to  then, 

,  .  P'  L-^y-  ^^'i  Letter  to  them,  p.  130.  Their  Method  of  Proceed- 
'■"J/?^,  p.  l"5i.      RiTnarks,  p.  132.  .  .   . ^yj 

.  .v.o*7  Com- 


I  N  D  E  X.  613 

Committee  o/SequeJ!fatio»s,  p.  114. 

Committees,   Counfty  ones,  p-  34.      Their  h:Jlru8ions,  ibid.      Their 

Proceedings,   p.   36,    &C. 
Commutation  o/'ytv/^wf^,  p.  18S. 
Comprehenlion  attempted  betiaeeu  the  Piefbytcrians  and  InJcpcn- 

dants  to  no  Purpofe,  p.  302. 
Confeirion  c/"  Faith,   Jjfemh!)'  of  Divines  Proceedinrs  upon  it,  p.  378. 
Prefented  to  the  Parliament,   nxho  debate  upon  it,   p.  379.      ^/ti- 
des of  Difipline  re'feded,    but  the   ivkole  received  by  the  Scots, 
p.  380.      Cenfures  upon  it,   p.  381. 
Convention  Parliament,  their  Sentiments  as  to  the  Authors  of  the 

Kings  Death,   p.  553. 
Convocation,  of  its  fitting  afier  the  Parliams^it,  p.  192. 
Copes,  of  thelJfe of  t}?em,  p,  210,212. 

Coronation  Oath,    Alterations   in   it  okjeSled  to  Archhifop   Lauci, 
p.  189.      The  Kings  Scruples  about  it  ^vith  regard  to  the  Church, 
p.  339,  340,  344,  514. 
Cplinb,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,   p.  I  18. 
Coxftxwxit  or  \ ow  to  ftand  by  the  P arliaTne7'.t ,  p.  20. 
Covenant.     See  Solemn  League. 
Council  c/OfHcers /:a'^  Agitators,  p.  397. 

Country  Committees.     See  Committees.  \ 

Crilp,   Dr.   his  Death  and  Charader,   p.  18. 

Cromwell,   Oliver,  his  CharaHer,  p.  269.      His  Era-very  and  Con- 
duclin  the  Battle  at  Nai'eby,  p.  271,  272.     He  and  Ireton  con- 
fer'voith  the  King  about  his  Rejiorafion,  p.  409.     Jleafons  of  his 
deferting  him,   p.  41 0,  411.      His  Speech  in  Parliament,   p.  420. 
He  reduces   the  Welch,   p.  484.      Defeats  the  Scots  Army  under 
Z)^*/^' Hamilton,   p.  487,  488.     Returns  to 'Lowi.QXiy  p.  529.     His 
Speech  en  the  Motion  Jor  tn'ing  the  King,   p.  5  3 1  • 
Crofle,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p,  472. 
Crofies,  ft-veral pulPd  doivn,   p.  45. 
Cxucihxes.     See  Images. 
Cudvvorth,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  121. 

D. 

DEMnquent-S  Ordinance  for  feizing  their  EJiates,  p.  3''. 
'Dixe^ory  for  Publiclc  Worfhip  ejiahlijhed,  p.  153.  Preface 
to  it,  ibid.  Its  Variations  from  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
p.  155.  Succefsofit,  p.  157.  Ordinance  for  in/lrrcifig  the  life  of 
it,  ibid.  Remarks,  p.  158.  King  forbids  the  Ufc  cf  it,  ibid, 
Vni-verfety  of  OySoxd^ s  Objedions  to  it,  p.  44?,  443,  The  Kin  's 
Ol'jeSiion  to  it,  p,  518.  5f^  Appendix,  Numb.  \l. 
'Di^ehory  for  Ordination  c/*  Mini  Hers,    p.  27.}.     See  Appendix, 

Numb.  III. 
Difcipiine.     See  Articles. 
Dod,  Mr.  his  Death  and  Character,  p.  319. 

i^  r  3  Down- 


614'^  INDEX. 

Downing,  Dr.  his  Death  and  CharaSier^  p.  170.       Ct  "!i<a-s '\<b ---(H^X 
Du  Moulin,  Dr.   'Lewis,  fome  Jccount  of  him)  ^.  ^f%i    ^^i&'^^tiM' 

menis  about  the  Authors  of  the  Kin£s  Death,  p.  5  f^ck-t.^'-*     -<C\    ,li-ii 

E.  Wx*  i^s'S^ 

T"7  Dwards,  Mr.  his  Antapologia  againft  the  Independants,  p-145. 
JPv     His  Gangraena,  p.  367.     Remarks  upon  it,  p.  369.  ';^ 

Edwards,  Dr.  Jbme  Jccomitofhim,  p.  ^66. 
Eikoon  Bafilike,   a  fpurious  Book,  p.  544. 
Elector  Palatine  takes  the  Covenant,  and  fits  in  the  Jjfemhly  of  Di'  '^ 

•vines,  p.  81,  164.      His  Anfwer  to  the  Committee  of  Lords  and^- 

Commons,  p.  165. 
Enthufiafm,  Rife  of  it  in  the  Army,  p.  269.      A  farther  Account  of 

Epifcopacy  debated  in  the  Treaty  13^  Uxbridge,  p.  255.  Betnueen 
the  King  and  Mr.  Henderfon,  p.  336.  AboliJh''d  by  the  Parlia- 
Kent,  p.  361.  Debated  in  the  Treaty  of  Newport,  p.  505. 
Remarks,    p.     515.       Archbif>op   Ufher'j     Sentiments  about  itj 

p;  523.  j^ 

Epifcopal  Clergy,  their  Sufferings,  p.  24,  25.     Ho<w  far  tbetf  am*  ■ 
tributed  to  the  Kin^s  Death,  p.  548.  .:...,^':J.    --i^.n'iO 

Eraftians,    their   Opinion  of  Church  Goi'ernment,    p.  ty^^  ^'^Bksir 
chief  Patrons  in  the  Affembly  of  Dinjines,  and  in  the  Parliament^' 
p.  140.      Their  Ohje£Hons  to  the  Di'vine  Right  of  Prejbytery^  p.  27^0 
Their  Conduit,  p.  283.      Their  Opinion  (ibout  Sufpenjion  ia^d-Ed^^ 
communicatioii,  p.  285.  '         '.".-- 

Effexj:  Earl  of,  arrives  at  London  after  the  Battle  ^Edge-Hill, 
p.  I:  '  He  is  defeated  in  Cornwall,  p.  108.  He  is  remov'dy 
p.  268.      His  Death  and  Chara£ier,  p-  373.  ■'■*^  .'\^:K 

Excommunication,    Opinions  of  the   Prefbyterians,    Independants,- ' 
«;^^  Eraftians,  about  it,  p.  285.      Ordinance  for  it,  p.  288.     See 
Sufpenlion.  ■  ■! 

Exhortation  to  the  taking  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  p.  78u_ 
Anfnverd,  p.  80.  .901    <\ 

F. 

FAirfax,   General,  his  Char  ad  er,  p.  269.      King's  Clergy's  Peti- 
'ticn  to  hint,    p.   425.     Counter-Petition  of  the  Prelbyterian 
Clergy  to  him,  p.  426.     He  fupprejfes  the  Canjaliers  in  K?nt^»^ 
ElTtrx,   p.  484.  .    .M'jw-^ji&H 

Faft,  IvToftthly,  of  the  Parliament,  p,  43.      The  King  appoitUf  onu^l 
.  ther  in  Oppofition  to  it,  p.  44.     The  Parliaments  kept  on  Chrift- 

rnasD^',  p.  168.  >       ^  ^'   .i.u<)i-An*t,',\ 

Fs^s,'occafonaJ ones',' )p^'ji^'^.' '-x' '^''^^^-  -      dd^  q   ,w"s^ 

Fcafts  o/' Dedication,  p.  199,  200.      Rife  of  them,  p.  iO^'.^   ■    •     ' 
Featly,  Dr.  expel!'' d-the  Affembly  of  Di-vines,  and  taken  into  Cufoify 
as  a  Spy,  p.  97.      His  Deatkt  p-- 3  i.7*-^  "-//<#  Chqlhnge  in  De' 


INDEX. 

fence  of  the  Church  ^England,  p.  318.     His  CharaSer  Qni laji 
Prefer^  p.  318,  319. 

FeU,  Dr.  Fice-Chancellor  of  Oxford,  treats  the  Parliamenfs  Fijitort 
ivith  Contempty  p.  446,  448.  Is  ^epriiP  d  of  his  Vice-Chanccllor- 
Jhipy  and  taken  into  Cujlodyy  p.  449.  Some  farther  Account  of 
hitn,   p.  463. 

Fellows,   Form  of  inducing  the  neijo  ones  at  Cilt^xiAgt,  p.  126.       •] 

Fifths  ef  their  Eflates  allovfd  to  the  IVives  and  Children  of  Delin- 
quents, p-  38.      And  of  ejeSled  Clergymen,  p.  136. 

Finch,   Rev.  Mr.  his  Cafe,  p.  30. 

Five  Point?,  of  the  Declaration  forbidding  to  peach  on  themy  p.  21 ;, 
217. 

Foreign  Proteftants,  of  Archbijhop  Laud'j  difcouraging  them,  p.  226, 
228,  233. 

^xtviz\  and  TivXcXx  Churches  diJlurVdhy'Ls.\A,  p.  233. 

G. 

C'^Angraena,  Mr.  Edwards'/,  p.  367.     Remarks,  p- 3.6-9. 
J   Gauden,   Dr.   his  Protefation  againji  trying  the  King^  p.  531. 

The  Author  o/"Eikoon  Bafilike,  p.  544. 
General  AfTembly  of  Scotland,  their  Reafons  to  induce  the  Convert' 

tion  of  States  to  affiji  the  Engliftl  Parliament,  p.  69. 
General  a W /i/zr//c-K/ar  Baptifts,  p.  160. 
GilJibrand'j  Almanack,  p.  218,  221. 

Glamorgan,  Earl  of  his  Treaty  n,vith  the  Irifli  Papifis,  p.  266. 
Gloria  Patri,  offianding  up  at  it,  p.  211. 
Goodwin,   Mr.  John,  fome  Account  of  him  atid  his  Writings,  p.  39!.  - 

His  Reply  to  Mr.  Jenkins,  p.  392.      He  ivrites  in  defence  of  tht 

Kin^s  Death,  p.  545,  546. 
Goring,  •  Zor//,  his  CharaEter,    109. 

Great  Seal,  a  nenxj  one  order  d  to  be  made  by  the  Parliament,  p.  lo^. 
Greaves,  Mr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  466. 
Greenville,  Sir  Richard,  his  Charader  and  Behaviour  in  tht  War, 

p.  109. 
Greenwood,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  468. 

H. 

HAbemfield'j  Plot,  Archbijhop   Laud'j  ConduSl  in  relation  to  it, 
p.  235. 
Hakewell,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  459. 
Hamilton,  Duke,  enters  England  luith  the  Scots  Army,  p.  485.      Is 

defeated  by  Cromwell,  p.  488. 
Hammond,  Dr.  his  Vindication,  p.  391.     Some  farther  Account  of 
him,  p.  466.    His  Protejiation  againjl  trying  the  King,  and  putting 
him  to  Death,  p.  5  3 1  • 
Hampden,  Mr.  his  Death  and  CharaSer,  p.  I02. 
Harmar,  Mr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  473. 

R  r  4  Harris, 


6i6  INDEX. 

Harris,  Dr.-fome  Accmintofhim,  p.  469.  '.  >--  ''  ••"'-"-  "'Vr 
Heads  0/"  Colleges  in  Oxford,  that  fubmittedio  the  Parliament,  and 
ksp  their  P/<jf^/,  P-  458.  Their  Char a£i en,  p.  459.  Lift  of 
thoj'e  nxjho  <were  ejeSied,  aJid  of  thofe  ^10  fucceeded  them,  p.  462. 
CharaSers  oftheformerj  p.  463.  Of  the  iaiter^-^'-^jC'^  ibeir 
Behwviour,  p.  473.  '  ' ' 

jHenderfon,   Mr.  his  Speech  againft  Bijhops  in  the  treaty  of  Uxbridge, 

-.  p.  gj'j.  His  Conference  ivith  the  King  about  Epifcopacy,  &c. 
p.  336.  His  frji  Reply,  p.  337.  His  fecond,  p.  341.  His 
third,  p.  345.  His  prete7ided  Recantation,  p.  348.  ihe  Falfe- 
nefs  of  it,  p.  349. 

Herefy.     See  Blafphemy. 

Hertford,  Marquis  of,  his  Declaration  conceriiing  Church-Go'vem- 
ment,  p.  258. 

High  Court  oflvSHiztfor  the  Trial  of  the  King,  p.  5  39. 

Hill,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,   p.  1 23. 

Hill,  Mr.  calTd  Coniul  Bibulus  by  ArchbiJJjcp  Laud,  and  ivhy, 
p.  242. 

Holdfworth,   Dr.  fopis  Account  of  hijn,  p.  120. 

Holmby-Houl'e,   the  King  carried  thither,  p.   360.      Hoiju  he  lirJ'd 

»,  jthere,  ,p.  361. 

Hood,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  459. 

Hoyle,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  468. 


1  Mages  and  Crucifixes  countenancd  by  Archbijhop  Laud,  p.  T94. 
Of  their  Antiquity,   p.  197. 
Impropriations,  of  buying  them  up,  p.  223,  225. 
Indcpendants,   in  the  Affcmhly  of  Di'vines,  p.  141.      Their  Apologeti- 
ial  Narration,  ibid.     Vindication  of  thejn,  p.  145.     Debates  moith 
,l4jj.c7nabmit  Ordination,  p.  276.      Their  Oljedions  to  the  Divine 
y  Right  of  Prefoytery,   p.  2 80.      They  complain  of  their  Ufage  in  the 
,^^^j^etnbly,  p.  283.      Their  Opinion  about  Sufpenfion  and  E.rcommu' 
■■■     nicatioK,  p.  285.      Dcfign  of  a  Comprehenfwn  for  them  defeated  by 
the  Management  of  Jhe  Pic^yterians,  p.  303.      Their  Propofals  for 
.    a  Toleration,  p.  304.     Their  Reply  to  the  Frelbyterians,  p.  306. 
.     Their  fecond  Reply,  p.  308.   Their  Declaration  at  the  End  of  the  De- 
QiAfl/e^  p.  ,309..     The'f'vuere for  a  limited  Toleration,  ■p.  "ifW.     They 
f  .fj-c  courted  by  the  King,  p.  314.      They  oppofe  the  Prefbyterians 
^^Jiemcrifrance  againj}  SeClarics,    p.    328.      The   King  plays  them 
^^gai^jl  ihf  Scots,  to  bring  them  O'ver  to  his  Intercji,  p.  356.    Their 
.■^.Jiparate  VitiMs,    p.  395.      Iheir  Behatiour  nvith   regard  to  jhe 
^v^Kii'g's  Defthf/p.    537.      H01U  far  they  luere    concerned  in-^it, 

JyuiOYatioijs  /«  Qhurches,  Bill againji  them,  p.  1 1 .     Archbijhop  Laud 
»j^(h^^ji%'^iib  cfiRiieitancifig  them,  p.  194,  o<.". 

Ireton, 


INDEX.  617 

Ireton  confers  nvith  the  King,  p.  409.  E'n  Speech  in  Parliamentf 
p.  420.      Burnet' J  Opinion  of  the  Hand  he  had  in  the  Ki/i^s  Deaths 

P-55I- 

Irilh  Forces  brought  over  by  the  King,  p.  85.  ///  Confcquences  of  it, 
p.  S6.  7he  Affair  debated  in  the  Treaty  of  Uxbridge,  p.  253. 
Earl  of  Glamorgan  concludes  a  Treaty  'with  the  Irifh  Papijis, 
p.  266.  As  does  alfo  the  Marquis  of  Ormond,  p.  324.  Arti- 
cles of  it,  ibid.  P arliametfi' s  Commijftoners  proteji  againji  it, 
p.  326. 

Jus  Divinum.     See  Church  Government. 

K. 

KEnnet,   Bijhop,  his  Remark  on  the  Ordinance  exhorting  to  Re- 
pentance, p.  9.      On  the  breaking  off" of  the  Treaty  of  Ox{oxd, 

P-    17- 
Kirk  Difcipline,  Account  of  it,  p.  384.     Notes.  /^ 

L. 

LAncafhire,   Provincial  Ajfembly  of,  P-  495. 
Laney,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  1 18. 

Langbain,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  459. 

Langle}',   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  47O. 

Laud,  ArchbtJ/jop,  his  fuperfiilious  Remarks  on  Lord  Brooke'j  Death, 
p.  19.  He  is  fufpcnded  by  the  Parliament,  p.  97.  His  Trial 
for  High  Treafon,  p.  1 72.      The  Articles  of  Impeachment,  ibid. 

;  -His  Anfujcr,  p.  174.  Order  and  Method  of  the  Trial,  p.  175. 
Summary  of  the  Charge,  p.  176.  Impeachment  open  d  by  Serjeant 
Wild,  p.  177.  The  Archbijhofs  Speech,  ibid.  Firji  Branch  of 
the  Charge,  fubi'erting  the  Rights  of  Parliament,  ivith  the  Arch* 
hijhof  s  Reply  to  the  feijeral  Things  alled£ d  in  fupport  of  it,  p.  178 
to-  103.  Arbitrary  Speeches  ?nade  by  him  for  the  King,  p.  1 79. 
Arbitrary  Speeches  of  his  oi.vn,  p.  181.  Second  Charge,  viz.  at- 
tempting to  fet  aftde  the  Laivs,  ivith  the  Archbijhop' s  Reply  to  the 
fe'veral  Articles,    p.  183  to  193.      Of  Ship   Money,   Tonnage  and 

■  Poundage,  6cc.  p.  183.      Of  pulling  doivn  Houfes  for  the  Repair  of 

■  St.  Paui'j,  Sec.  p.  184.  Illegal  Commitments  and  Prohibitions  in 
the  Spiritual  Courts,  p.  186.     Bribery,  p.    187.      Commutation 

■  of  Penance,  p.  188.  Alterations  in  the  Coronation  Oath,  p.  189. 
Attempt  to  fet  up  an  independent  Poiver  in  the  Clergy,  p.  190. 

■  Sitting  of  the  Conijocation  after  the   Parliament,  p.  192.      Re- 

■  fiiarks,  p.  193.  Third  general  Charge,  viz.  attempting  to  alter 
Religion,  and  introduce  Popijo  Inno'vations,  ivith  the  Archbijhop" i 
Anfnuers,  and  the  Managers  Replies,  p.  194/(7235.  Images 
and  Crucifixes,  p.  194.  Confecration  of  Churches  and  Al- 
tars, and  Feajis  of  Dedication,  p.  198.  His  Letter  to  Sir  Na- 
than. Brent,  p.  205.  Introducing  dingers  Superjlitions  into  Di'vine 
Wortbip,    p.  209,   &:c.      Promoting  the   Book  of  Sports,  p.   213. 

.no:.  Remarks, 


6|8  I  N  D  E  X. 

Remarks f  p.  214.  Encouraging  Arminianijm  and  Popery ^  p.  ZI5, 
ice  Profecuting  Puritans,  &c.  p.  222.  Reconciling  tjje  Church 
ef  England  -voith  Rome,  ajfuming  Papal  Titles,  difcouraging  fo- 
reign Proteftants,  correjpanding  nvith  Popijh  Priejis,  Sec.  p.  225, 
&C.  Managers  Conclufion,  p.  235.  Archbijhof  s  Speech  at  the 
Clofe  of  the  Trial,  ibid.  Points  of  La'vo  debated,  p.  237.  Cen- 
fures  of  bis  Behaviour,  p.  239.  His  CharaSier  cf  the  Witnejfes, 
p.  240.  His  Cenfure  sf  the  Managers,  p.  241.  Petitions  for 
Jujlice  againji  him,  p.  243.  Condemn' d  by  Bill  of  Attainder, 
p.  244.  His  laji  Speech,  ibid.  His  Prayer,  p.  245.  His  Exe- 
cution, p.  246.      His  Character,   ibid. 

Iiawrence,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  460. 

Lay-AfTeiTors  in  the  Affemhly  of  Di-vines,  p.  54. 

Lay-Elders,  p.  283. 

Lay-Preachers,  Caufes  of  their  Increafe,  p.  476. 

Lay-Preaching,  Rife  of  it  in  the  Army,  p.  269.  Difcoura£ d  by  the 
Parliament,  p.  365. 

Letter  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines  to  foreign  Protejlants,  p.  88. 
The  King's  Reply  to  it,  p.  94. 

Liberty  of  Confcience.     See  Toleration. 

Licenfers  of  Books,  Ordinance  for  appointing  them,  p.  49. 

Lightfoot,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  1 24. 

Lift  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  p.  55. 

Liturgy,  Reafons  for  fetting  it  afide,  p.  153. 

London,  Lines  of  Circum'vallation  draiun  rotuid  it,  p.  3.  Kin^s 
Proclamations  againji.  it,  p.  21.  Commotions  there,  p.  402.  // 
fubmits  to  the  Arfny  upon  their  Approach,  p.  405.  Provincial  Af- 
femblies  there,  p.  385,  387,  494. 

London  Minifters  ajfert  the  Divine  Right  of  Prefbytery,  p.  330. 
Their  Paper  of  Confederations  and  Cautions,  ibid.  Their  Tejiimo- 
■ny  to  Truth  and  againji  Error,  p.  388.  Their  Averfion  to  a  Tole- 
ration, p.  390.     Their  Vindication  ofthemfeh'es,  p.  406. 

Lord's  Day.     See  Sabbath. 

Lords,  Houfeof,  laid  afede,  p-  531,   539. 

Love,  Mr.  his  Sermon  at  JJxhridge,  p.  251. 

MAnchefter,   Earl  of,    his  CharaSier,  p,  115.     Manner  of  his  , 
Proceeding  in  reforming  the  Uni'verfefy  of  Cambridge,  ibid. 
His  Warrant  to  the  Committee  for  fcandalous  Minijiers,  p.  128. 
His   InJlruBions   to  them,  p.  1 29.      His  Letter  to  them,  p.   1 30.  ^ 
His  Method  of  ejeBing  the  fcandalous  or  malignant  Minifeer,  and 
filling  the  I'aeant  Benefice,  p.  i  3 1 .  .    .  lO 

Manfel,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  464,  1 


Marfton  Moor,  Battle  of,  p.  107. 
Martin,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him ,  p,  119. 


Mafters 


INDEX.  619 

Mafters  turned  out  of  the  Univerjity  of  Cambridge,  their  CharaQer, 

p.  1 18.      Charaiier  <if  their  SucceffbrSt  p.  121.      Form  of  Indu&- 

ing  them,  p.  125. 
Maynard,  Serjeant,  one  of  the  Managers  in  the  Trial  of  Archbifhop 

Laud,  his  handfome  Return  to  the  Prince  of  Orange'j  ComplimenL, 

p.  241. 
Militia  debated  in  the  Treaty  ^Uxbridge,  p.  252. 
Minifters,  \^uality  of  thofe  nvho  ivere  ejeiied  by  the   Parliament, 

p.  36.     ^ality  of  thofe  loho  ivere  put  in  their  Roomy  p.  40,  41. 

Committee  for  examining  them,    p.   99.     See   Committee.     See 

Plimder'd.     See  Scandalous. 
'hl'xmilers  fent  to   reform  the  Uni'verjity  of  Oxford,  p.  429.     Their! 

Condufl  and  Succefs,  p.  430.  1 

MinlhulJ,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  123.  ,i 

Monuments  of  Superfition,  Removal  of  them,  p- 45.     Ordinance  for  \ 

that  purpofe,  p.  46.     Manner  of  the  Execution  of  it,  p- 47.  .1 

Morgan,  a  PrieJ},  executed,  p.  373. 

N. 

NAfcby,  Battle  of  p.  271. 
Negative    Oath,     Univerfiiy  of  Oxford'/    ObjeSlions  to   it, 

p.  442. 
New  Difcipline.     See  Prelbytery. 
Newbury,  Battle  of,  p.  23.     The  fecond,   p.  llO. 
Newcaftle,     Parliament's  Propofitions  to  the   King  there,    p.    350. 

Which  he  refufes  to  confent  to,  p.  355.     Rii  Anfifjer   to  them^ 

p.  398. 
Newlin,   Dr.fomeAccoimtofhim,  p.  463.. 
Newport,   Treaty  of.     See  Treaty. 

Nicolas,  Rob.   Efq;    one  of  the  Managers  in 'Ll'adi^s  Trial,  t^.  z/^Z. 
Non-Addreffes.     See  Votes. 
Non-Refidence.     See  Pluralities. 

O. 

O  Liver,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  464. 
Ordinance  of  Parliament  exhorting  to  Repentance,  p.  7.     Bi- 
fhop  Kennet'j  Remark  upon  it,  p.  9 


Ordinance  ^r  Sequcjiration  of  Benefices  and  Eftates  of  the  Clergy,  Scc.fi 
P-  35>  37'  A  farther  Explanation  of  it,  p-  38.  The  Effects  of  it,  f 
p.  39. 

Ordinance  yjr  removing  Monuments  of  Superfiition,  p.  46.     Manner 
of  putting  it  in  Execution,  p.  47. 

Ordinance  for  licenfing  Books,  p.  49.     For  calling  an   Affembly  of 
Divines,    p.  52.      For  the  Committee  of  Sequeftrations,    p.  114.'" 
For  inforcing  the  Ufe  of  the  Dire  dory,  p.   157.      For  better  Oifer- 
vation  of  the  Lord's  Day,  p.  16^.     For  the  Ordination  of  Mini- 
flers,  p.  274. 

Ordi- 


^20  I  N  D  E  X. 

Ordinance  for  Sufpet?Jio>j  from  the  Sacrament y  p,  288.  Pro'vifo^s  in 
it,  p.  291. 

Ordinance  for  ereSiing  Prejhyteries,  p.  293.  Which  does  not  Jatisfyy 
p.  295-  The  Scots  Exception  to  it,  p.  296.  Englifli  Prefbyte- 
rians  petition  againjl  it,  p.  298.  Another  Ordinance  for  that 
purpofe,  p.  500. 

Ordinance  yor  aboUJhing  Archbijhop's ■.  and  Bijhops,  &C.  p.  56 1. 
And  for  Sale  of  their  Lands,   p.  362. 

Ordinance  for  ahoUjhing  Chriltmas  and  other  Holidays,  p.  422. 
King  difikes  it,  p.  423.      It  occnfto7is  Tumults,  ibid. 

Ordinance  againjl  Blafphemy  and  Herejy,  a  terrible  one,  p.  497. 
Remarks,  p.  500. 

Ordination,  Affembly  of  Divines  confult  about  it,  p.  149.  Their 
Ad-vice  about  it,  p.  151.  Ordinance  of  Parlia7nent  in  purjuance 
thereof,  ibid.  DireSoyy  for  it,  p,  274.  Debates  about  it,  p.  276. 
Poiuer  of  it  gi'ven  to  the  Affembly  of  Divines  pro  tempore, 
p.  277. 

Ormond,   Marquis  of,  his  Treaty  •with  the  Irifh  Papifs,   p.  324. 

Oxford  Parliament,  p.  105.     Their  Proceedings,  p.  106. 

Oxford,  Treaty  of.     See  Treaty. 

Oxford  X^viwQxlity,  Condition  of  it,  p.  429.  Minijlers  fejit  tore- 
form  it,  ibid.  Ordinance  for  njifiting  it,  p.  432.  Abjirail  of 
their  Reafons  againf  the  Covenant,  l^c.  p.  434,  &c.  Re?narks, 
p.  444.  The  Vifitation  opend,  p.  445.  They  ufe  the  Vifttors  ill, 
and  ivill  not  fubmit,  p.  446.  Vifitation  re-viij'd,  but  theUni'ver- 
Jtty  <voill  not  yet  fubmit ,  p.  44 S.  They  are  heard  by  their  Council, 
but  cafl,  p.  450.  Their  Cafe,  in  a  Letter  to  Mr.  Selden,  p.45  1  • 
Their  fiubborn  Beha'viour,  p.  452.  ^^r/ e/"  Pembroke  being  made 
Chancellor,  'viflts  them  in  Perfon,  ibid.  And  reports  their  Beha- 
'viour to  the  Parliament,  p.  454.  "Numbers  ejected,  p.  455.  In- 
folence  of  the  Scholars,  p.  456.  Garrifon  fearch  the  Colleges  for 
Arms,  p.  457.  Scholars  expeWd,  ibid.  Characters  of  Heads  of 
Colleges,  Sec.  ivho  fubmitted,  p.  459.  Heads  of  Colleges,  ScC. 
fjeSled;  Lift  of  them  and  their  Succcjfors,  p.  462.  Characters  of 
thofe  <who  ivere  ejected,  p.  463.  Of  their  Succejfors,  p.  467. 
Their  Behaviour,  p.  473.  Retnarks,  p.  474.  Vacancies  in  the 
VniverfityflTd  up,  p.  476. 

p. 

PAlatlne  Family  Pa-voiirites  of  the  Puritans,  p.  165. 
Palmer,    Mr.   Herbert,  y&z/zr  A^^ount  of  him,  p.    122.     His 
Death  and  Charaiier,  p.  480. 
Palmer,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  471.  .       ,.    v 

Papal  Titles  affurndby  Archbijhop  Laud,  p.  225,  227,  ,230,"  j  .^ 
Papifts,    t^MO  Thirds  of  their  Eftates  feized,  p.  38.      Oa^hfortttfco- 
<vering  them,   ibid.      Some  in  the  Parliament  Army,   p.  372.      Sto- 
rief  of  their  having  a  Hand  in  the  King's  Death,  p.  55  i,  552., 
;  "^^■''        '  ■  ■  Parlia- 


INDEX.  621 

pARLiAME^tT  fue  for  Peace  ^  p.  2-  The  nice  Point  «f  their  treating  ivith 
//j^  Scots,  p.  5.  Their  Ordinance  exhorting  to  Repentance ^  p.  7. 
Thiir  P ropofttions  at  the  Treaty  0/" Oxford,  p.  9.  Their fte  Bi//s, 
p.  1 1 .  P/ots  agai'iji  them,  p.  20,  2  1.  Low  State  of  their  Jf- 
fairs,  p.  23.  Their  Proceedings  luith  regard  to  the  Clergy,  p.  26 
/O  42.  With  regard  to  the  Sabbath,  p.  42.  TZfir  Monthly  avd 
Occajsonal  Tajis,  p.  43.  T'^Wr  Ordinance  for  remo'ving  Morni- 
ments  of  Superjiition,  p.  46.  T'/^tvV  Orders  for  retraining  the 
Prefs,  p.  48.  TAry  call  an  Jjfembly  of  Di'vi?ies,  p.  5  I .  J^nd 
fgnd  them  Regulations,  p.  64.  They  call  in  the  Scots,  p.  68. 
jigree  to  the  Solemn  League  :ind  Covenant,  p.  72.  Jnd  take  it^ 
Pi  77.  Order  the  taking  it  th/oughout  the  Nation,  p.  80.  Their 
Proceedings  on  the  Kirig^s  bringing  o'ver  the  Irifh  Forces,  p.  85,87. 
They  order  a  ncnjj  Great  Seal  to  he  made,  p.  105.  They  notninate 
Men  to  Li'vings,  p.  98.  Charaiier  of  their  Amy,  p.  iii.  Di- 
I'ijion  among  their  Genereils,  p.  112.  They  order  the  Affembly  of 
Di'vifies  to  confer  about  Church  Gonjernment,  p.  148.  They  efa- 
blijh  and  inforce  the  Ufc  cf  the  Diredory,  p.  153,  157.  Inforce 
the  Obfer-vation  of  the  Lord's  Day,  p.  166.  Abolifh  Chrillmas, 
p.  168,422.      Pafs  a   Bill  of  Attainder  againjl  ArckbiJhop\ja.vAy 

•  p.  243,  Z44.  Their  InfruSions  to  their  CommiJJiouers  in  the 
Treaty  of  Uxbridge  upon  the  Head  of  Religion,  p.  254.  Their 
Reply  to  the  King's  Concejfons,  p.  26 1.  Their  Army  neuo  modelPd, 
p.  268.  CharaSler  of  their  Generals,  p.  269.  Their  Care  for 
it  regular  Clergy,  p.  273.  They  rejeSl  the  Claufe  of  the  Divine 
Right  ofPrefhytery,  p.  284.  Their  Ordinance  for  S  u  [pen ficn  from 
the  Sacrament,  p.  288.  And  for  ereding  Prefbyteries,  p.  293. 
Their  Reply  to  //»<?  Scots  Exceptions,  p.  297.  Their  ^lef  ions  pro- 
pounded to  the  Affembly  about  the  Jus  Divinum  in  Matters  of 
Church  Go'-jernment,  p.  299.  They  attem.pt  an  Accommodation 
bet^veen  the  P rcfbyterians  and  Independants,  p.  30 2.  Obtain  a 
eomplcat  Conqueji  o-ver  the  King,  p.  323,  324.  Their  Manage- 
ment nvith  the  Prrfbyteriavs,  p.  327,  328.  Their  Propoftions  to 
the  King  at  Newcallle,  p.  350.  Their  Commiffwners  receinje 
the  King  from  the  Scots,  and  con^jey  him  to  Holmby,  p.  360. 
They  abolijh  Archbifhops  and  Bijhops,  Sec.  and  difpofe  of  their 
Lands,  p.  361,  362.  Their  P rocee dings  to  pleafe  the  Prefhyteri- 
ans,  p.  365.  They  debate  on  the  Affembly  s  ConfefTion  of  Faith, 
4ind  reject  the  Articles  of  DifcipVme,  p.  379,  380.  Approve  and 
authorize  their  Catechifms,  p.  382.  Controverjy  het^ween  them 
and  the  Army,  p.  397.  Their  Suprize  at  the  Army  s  feizing  the 
King,  p.  399.  The  P rcfbyterians  among Ji  them  refol've  to  oppofe 
the  Army,  p.  40 1.  Eleven  of  their  Members  impeach'' d,  ibid. 
Tumults  in  their  Houfe,  p.  403.  Upon  ivhich  feueral  of  the 
Members  retire  to  the  Arnr(,  ibid.  Proceedings  of  the  Remainder y 
p.  404.  Which  ivere  annulled  upon  the  Army  s  marching  to  Lon- 
tioa,  p.   405.      Remarks,    p.  4c -.      The;  a/ree  to  the   Propofals 


622  INDEX. 

of  the  jirfny,  p.  413.  Their  Votes  of  Non-AJdreJis  to  the  Kingf 
p.  420.  Their  Remonjirancey  p.  42 1.  They  fend  Minijlers  to 
reform  the  Univerjity  of  Oxford,  p.  429.  They  refolve  on  a  Vi~ 
Jitation  ofit^  and  pafs  an  Ordinance  for  that  purpofe,  p.  431,  432. 
They  rejblve  to  fupport  their  Vifitors,  p.  447.  Prefiyterians  pre- 
fvail  amongft  them  in  the  Abfence  of  the  Army,  p.  488.  Thfy 
make  a  terrible  Ordinance  againjl  Blajphemy  and  Hereby  p.  497. 
Their  Ordinance  for  the  farther  Ejiablipment  of  Prefiytery,  p.  500. 
Their  Propofals  to  the  King  in  the  Ifle  0^  Wight,  p.  503.  Keply 
cf  their  Di'vines  to  the  Kin£s  Papers  about  Epifcopacy,  p.  506, 
509.  Their  CommiJJioners  prefs  his  Confent,  p.  516.  Their 
Proceedings  upon  the  Armfs  marching  to  London,  p.  529,  They 
are  purgd  by  the  Army^  ibid.  Votes  of  the  Remainder,  nvho  re- 
fohe  to  try  the  King,  p.  530.  AnJ  ejiablijh  a  High  Court  of 
]u{iice  for  that  purpo/e,  p.  539. 
Pafke,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  118. 

Paul'j  Crok  puird  down,  and  fome  Account  of  it,  p.  45.  Of  pulling 
donjon  Houfes  for  the  Repair  of  the  Church,  p.  184.  Commuta- 
tion of  P  enance  for  the  fame purpofe,  p.  188.  Pronjerb  occaJiofCd 
by  it,  ^.z^y. 
Pembroke,  Earl  of,  made  Chancellor  0/^  Oxford,  and'vifits  in  Per- 
fon,  p.  452.  His  Proceedings,  p.  453.  Reports  the  Beha'viottr 
of  the  Univerjity  to  the  Parliament,  p.  454. 
Petition  of  the  City  Minijlers  for  fettling  Difcipline  and  W^o^ip% 

V^titionfbr  unordained  Preachers,  p.  477.  a 
Pitt,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  464. 

Plots  againjl  the  Parliament,  p.  20,  21.  ,   \  W*"  «'» 

Plunder'd  Minifters,   Committee  for,  p.  30.  .'                ^ 
Pluralities  ^W  Non-Refidence,  Bill  againjl  them,  P-  'J*  0.3   a 

Pocock,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  46 1.  ,!„?...  nl.  a 

Pope'j  Nuncios  in  England,  p.  229,  234.  . "    '  v  '" ,"' ''  ■  ^,, 7 

Popery  conni-v'd  at,  and  encoura£d  by  Laud,  p.  2l8*i  21^,, ^c. 

Popifh  Priefts,  of  Archbijhop  Laud'j  correfponding  ifiith  w^^jmd 

countenancing  them,  p.  229,  233.  ..    -.^  .  -  - 

Potter,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  464.  .,  Cit^A  "^^W 

Preachers,  Petition  for  unordained  ones,  p.  477.  .,       ^  f-riri  AcO" 
Preaching  Minifters,  Committee  for,  p.  26.  -  *  >^'   lL-'*' 

Prefbyterian  Government,  Propojitionsfor  ejlahlijhing  }t  tri  ^e'The^ 
of  Uxbridge,  p.  255.  Di'vine  Right  of  it  debated,  'p.  278. 
Carried  in  the  AJfembly  of  Di'vines,  p.  283.  But  dropt  in  Par- 
liament, p.  284.  Several  Petitions  to  admit  the  Di'vine  Right  of 
it,  ibid.  It  is  ejlablijhed  by  iv^  of  Probation,  p.  295".  Re- 
marks, ibid.  Exceptions  of  the  Scots,  a?id  their  Amendments  to 
it  proposed,  p.  296.  Parliament s  Reply,'  "^.zc^-j.  ^ejlions  Jent 
to  the  AJfembly  of  Di'vines  about  the  Vi'Vih'e  Right  of  it,  p.  299. 
•^-'2  Remarks^ 


INDEX.  623 

Remarb,  f.  301.  Attempts  for  a  further  Efahl\Jhment  of  if, 
p.  326,  Sec.  London  Minifitrs  ajjert  It  to  bt  Jure  Divine, 
p.  330.  H01V  far  the  Ejiahlijhment  of  it  pre'vaiV  d,  p.  335,  CO  I. 
A  Defcription  of  it  as  fettled  in  ^cotSsLX^A,  p.  384.  Notes.  Vni:- 
njerfity  cf  0\{o\^ s  Ohjeftiovs  to  it,  p.  443.  It  is  ejiablifh''d  ivitb- 
out  Limitation  of  Time,   p.  500. 

Prcfbyterians  in  the  Affembly  of  Di'vines,  and  their  chief  Patrons  in 

the  Parliament,  p.  139. 
Prcfbyterians,  their  Seijcrity  in  inforcing  Uniformity  in  the  Ufe  oftbb 
DireSlory,  p.  158.  Their  Reply  to  the  Jndepc/idants  about  the 
Divine  Right  of  Prcjbyteiy,  p.  281.  Their  Zeal  to  have  the  Di- 
'vine  Right  of  it  ejlablijhed,  p.  284.  Are  offended  at  the  Pro- 
njijo's  in  the  Ordinance  about  Ztifpenfion  from  the  Sacrarnent, 
p.  292.  Petition  againjl  the  Ordinance  for  Prefhyteries,  becaufe 
it  ga've  them  not  PoiJuer  enough,  p.  298.  Defeat  the  Dejign  of  a 
Comprehenfon  for  the  Independants,  p.  303.  Their  Reply  to  the 
Propofals  for  a  Toleration,  p.  305.  They  argue  againjl  the  La'w- 
fttlnefs  of  a  Separation,  p.  307.  Their  high  Notions  of  Uniformity y 
■  and  againf  Liberty  of  Corf cicnce,  p.  308,  310,  311.  Cenfur'd 
in  a  Pamphlet,  p.  312.  They  petition  againjt  Seharies,  ^.  "^z^. 
Arc  fecondcd  by  the  ^cots,  p.  327.  Petition  again  againjl  Se£la- 
ries.  Sec.  p.  364.  Their  Auerfeon  to  a  Toleration,  p.  390. 
Their  feparate  Views,  p.  394.  Their  Propofals^  p.  415.  Coun- 
ter Petition  of  thtir  Clergy,  and  an  OrdinaJice  in  their  FaiMttr^ 
p.  426,  427.  Their  Pro-vincial  Affemhlies,  p.  385,387,494. 
Their  Count yy  Ajfociations,  p.  497.  A  terrible  Ordinance  pays' d 
by  their  Influence  againjl  Blnjpkemy  and  Herefy,  p.  497.  Re-' 
monjlrance  of  their  Minijlers  againjl  the  Proceedings  of  the  Army 
in  relation  to  the  Ki?ig,  ?cc.  p.  532.  Their  farther  Vindica- 
tion, p-  536.  Whether  they  are  chargeable  ivith  the  Kifig's  Death, 
p.  548. 

Prefbyteries,  07-dinanccfor  crcBing  them,  p.  293. 

Prefs,  Orders  for  Rejiraining  it,  p.  48.  Ahufe  of  it  by  Laud, 
p.  218. 

Prince  ^  Wales,  Kin£ s  Letter  to  him,  p.  525.     Remarks,  p.  526- 

Profeflbrs  in  the  Uni'vefity  of  Oxford  -voho  fubmitted  to  the  Parlia- 
ment, p.  461.  Of  th-jje  <n.::ho  avere  ejeilcd,  p.  465.  Of  thofe 
'who  fucceeded  them,  p.  471.  Their  Beha'viour,  p.  473.  See 
Cambridge.     See  Oxford. 

Prohibitions  :« /^f  Spiritual  Courts,  p.  186,  187. 

Province  2/^  London,  clajjical  Dinjifion  of  it,  p.  331,  &c. 

Provincial  AfFembly  ^/^ London,  the  firjl,  p.  385.  General  Rules 
for  it,  p.  387.  The  Jecond,  and  their  Petition  to  Parliament, 
ibid.      The  third,   p.  494.      The  fourth,  ibid. 

Provincial  Affembly  o/"  Lancafhire,  p.  495. 

Prynne,  Mr.  his  Me?nento  againjl  putting  the  King  to  death,  p..  5 3 1. 

Pfalms,  nrJJ  Verfion  of  appointed,  p,  315.  ^iw;*;^..  >' 


624  INDEX. 

Puritan  Clergy,  their  Sufferings,  p.  24,  30.  Of  thfe  nvho  <v}4re 
ejeSled  at  the  Rejiorationy  p.  135.  Severely  pro/ecuted  iy  Arch- 
bijhop  Laud,  p.  zzz,  224. 

Pym,  Mr.  his  Death  and  CharaSery  p.  103.  His  Vindication  of 
himfelfy  p.  104. 

Quakers,  Rifeofthenty  p.  371. 
Queen  fends  Arms  and  Ammunition  to  the  King,  p.  7.  And 
Men  and  Money,  p.  22.  Upon  ivhich  the  Commons  impeach  her  of 
High  Treafon,  ibid.  Kin^s  Letter  to  her,  p.  107.  Archbijhop 
\jSi\A  forbids  the  Clergy  to  pray  for  her  Converfion,  p,  231.  More 
Letters  of  the  Kifig  to  her,  p.  250,  252,  322.  Her  Letters  to 
the  King,  and  his  Anfnjjers,  p.  264,  265 .  She  prejjes  him  to  com- 
ply'with  the  Prefbyterians,  p.  355. 

R. 

RAdcliffe,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  463. 
Reading  taken  by  the  King,  p.  2.     Retaken  by  the  Earl  of 

Effex,  p.  22. 
Religion,  Affair  of ,  debated  in  the  Treaty  0/"  Uxbridge,  p.   253. 

Propojitions  relating  to  it  Jent  to  the  King  at  Newcaftle,  p.  351. 

State  of  it,  p.  479.     See  Epifcopacy. 
Reynolds,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  467. 
Roberts,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  470. 
Rogers,  Mr.  Chriftopher,  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  471. 
Rupert,  Prince,  his  Charader  and  Behaniiour  in  the  Wary  p.  109. 

His  bad  Conduit  in  the  Battle  of  Nafeby,  p.  271,  272.     Ihe 

King  difpleas"" d  nvith  him y  p.  273. 

s.. 

SAbbath,  JiriSl  Obfervation  of  zV,  p.  42.  Ordinance  for  that 
pmpofe,  p.  166. 

Saints  Days,  ^'c.  aboUfhed,  p.  422. 

Sale  rf  Bifhops  Lands,  Ordiiiance  for  it,  p.  362.  Whether  Sacri- 
lege, p.  518. 

Saltmarfh,  Mr.  his  Death,  and  the  extraordinary  Circumfiance  at- 
tending if,  p. '  48 1 ,  48 2 . 

Sanderfon,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  465. 

Saunders,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  459. 

Scandalous  Minifters,  Committee  for  them,  p,  26.  Mr.  WhiteV 
Century  of  them,  p.  3 1 .  Other  Tefiimonics  of  their  Character, 
p.  32.  Another  Committee  for  them,  and  the  Earl  of  Manche- 
fter'j  Warrant  empoiuering  it  to  a£i,  p.  128. 

Scholars  o/'//6f  University  of  O\ior^,  their  Infolence,  p.  456.  They 
are  expeird,  p.  457. 

Scots 


I 


INDEX.  62£ 

Scots  caird  in  hy  the  Englifh  Parliametrt  aitJ  AJfemhly  of  Di-vitieSf 
p.  68.  Their  Reafons  for  ajftjiing  the  Parliament,  p.  69.  "The^ 
appoint  a  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  p.  70.  Their  unbound- 
ed Zeal  in  impofing  it,  p.  77.  Their  Arfny  enters  England, 
p.  107.  Their  Exceptions  to  the  Ordinance  for  cre5ling  Frejbyte- 
ries  in  England,  p.  296.  And  the  Parliament's  Reply,  p.  297. 
Their  Declaration  againjl  Toleration,  p.  311.  The  King  fur- 
renders  himfelf  to  their  Army,  p.  323.  Their  Zeal  again/}  Sec- 
taries, p.  327.  Their  Behaviour  to  the  King,  p.  335.  Their 
Kirk  n.vill  not  tricjl  him,  and  publijh  a  folemn  Warning  and  Decla- 
ration, p.  357,  358.  Proceedings  of  their  Parlia?nent  in  rela- 
tion to  him,  p.  359.  They  deli-ver  him  up,  and  publijh  their 
Reafons,  ibid.  They  recei've  the  •vuhole  Weftminfter  Confeflion 
of  Faith,  p.  380.  Their  CommiJJloners  take  lea-ve  of  the  Affem- 
hlyy  p.  382.  They  appoint  a  Fajl  for  the  Diji  rail  ions  o/"  England, 
p.  383.  Account  of  the  Difcipline  in  their  Kirk,  p.  384.  Notes. 
Kings  private  Treaty  <with  them,  p.  416.  Their  Army  enters 
England  under  Duke  Hamilton,  p.  485.  And  is  defeated  by 
Cromwell,  p.  487.  They  prefs  the  Kin£s  Confcnt  in  the 
Treaty  o/' Newport,  p.  519.  They  protejl  againjl  putting  him 
to   Death,  p.   538. 

Scripture,  ^whether  to  be  interpreted  by  Antiquity  and  Tradition, 
p.  345,  346. 

Seaman,  Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  121. 

Second  Service,  of  reading  it,  p.  212. 

Sedaries,  P refhyterians  Remonjirance  againjl  them,  p.  326,  327. 
The  Indcpcndajits  oppoje  it,  p.  328.  Prejlyterians  petition  again (l 
them,  p.  364.  Farther  Account  of  them,  p.  366.  Edwards'^ 
Gangraena  ivi-ote  againjl  them,  p,  367.  Mr.  Baxter'j  Account 
of  them,    p.   570.     Lord  Clarendon' j,    a7id  Bijhop  Bramhall'j, 

P-  372- 
Selden,   Mr.  his  Speech  againjl  Sujpenfons  and  Excommunications, 

p.  285. 
Self-denying  Ordinance,  p.  269. 
Separation,  Debates  about  the  Lanxfulnefs  cf  it,  p.  306,  307.     Set 

Toleration. 
Sequellration,   Ordinance  for.     See  Ordinance. 
Sequeftrations,   Committee  of,  p.    114. 
Servants,   Time  allotted  far  their  Recreation,  p.  422. 
Sheldon,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  463. 
Ship  Money,  Tonnage  and  Poundage,  ijc.  promoted  by  Archbijhop 

Laud,  p.  183. 
Skippon,   Major  General,  encourages  his  Soldiers,  p.  2.      His  Bra- 

very  in  the  Battle  y'Nafeby,  p.  272. 
Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  dranjon  up  and  pafs''d  by  the  Scots, 

p.  70.      Debates  upon  it  in  England,   p.  71.      Where  it  is  agreed 

to,  p.  72.     A  Copy  of  it,  ibid.      Manntr  of  taking   it,  p.  76. 

Vol.  in.  Sf  Alt 


626  INDEX. 

An  Exhortation  to  the  taking  of  it,  p.  78.  Vnreafonahlenefs  of 
impofing  it,  p.  80,  84.  hjiru^ions  for  taking  it  in  the  Countryy 
ibid.  The  King  forbids  the  taking  of  it,  p.  82.  The  Influence 
it  had  on  the  Clergy,  p.  83.  ''Tis  order  d  to  be  read  and  hung  up 
in  Churches,  p.  167.  Prejbyterians  petition  to  hanje  it  imposed 
on  the  ivhole  Nation,  p.  364.  AbflraSl  of  the  Vni'verftty  of  Ox- 
ford'j  Reafons  againft  it,  p.  434.  Exceptions  againji  the  Pre- 
face, ibid.  Againfi  the  Covenant  in  general,  ibid.  Againfi 
the  firft  Article,  p.  435.  Againft  the  fecond,  p.  436.  Againfi 
the  third,  p.  437.  Againft  the  fourth,  fifth  and  fix th,  p.  438. 
Contradictions,  and  doubtful  ExpreJJions  in  the  Covenant,  p.  439. 
Abftirditics  in  purfuing  the  Ends  of  it,  p.  440.  Of  the  Sahoes 
for  taking  it,  ibid. 

Spurftow,   Dr.  form  Account <tf  him,   p.  124. 

Squire,   Reverend  Mr.  his  Cafe,  p.  29. 

Stage-Plays /?(!/ iiwiu»,  p.  478. 

Statutes  of  O.xford,  p.  210,  212. 

Staunton,   Dr.  fame  Account  of  him,  p.  471. 

Stern,   Dr.  JomeAccomitofhim,  p.  119. 

Steward,  Dr.  his  Reply  to  Mr.  Henderfon  about  Bijhops, 
p.    256. 

Stringer,   Dr.  fotne  Account  of  him,  p.  465. 

Sufpenuon  fro?n  the  Sacrament,  Debates  about  it,  p.  285.  Or- 
dinance for  it,  p.  288.  Rules  for  it  in  cafe  of  Ignorance, 
p.  289  In  cafe  of  Scandal,  ibid.  Provifos  in  the  Ordinance 
about  it,   'p.  zgi . 

Symmonds,   Reverend  Mr.  his  Cafe,  p.  28. 

Synods,   Debates  about  their  Subordination,  p.  282. 

T. 

TAxes,  grievous  077es  on  the  People,  p.22. 
Toleration,    Propofals  far  it  by  the    Independatits,    p.    304. 
The  Prcjlytcrians  Anjvoer  to  them,   p.  305.      Independants  Reply, 
p.    306.      Prefbyterians  fecond  Reply,  p.   3^07.      Independatits  fe- 
cond Reply,  p.  308.      Conclufion  of  tl}e  Prefbyterians,  ibid.      Con- 
clufion  of  the  Independants,  p.    309.      Remarks,    ibid.      Farther 
Debates  about  Toleration,    p.    310.      The  Scots  declaj-e  againfi 
it,  p.  311.      Independants  for  a  limited  one,    ibid.      Defence  of 
a  general  one,  in  Anfv:er  to  the  Reafons  of  the  London  Clergy, 
p.  312.      Prcjbytcriam  RetJiotifi ranee  <7g-«/w/?  Toleration,   p.  326. 
Seconded  by  the  Scots, -p.  327.      London  Minifters  declare  againft 
it,  p.  390. 
•  Tombes,  Mr.'  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  162. 
Tomkinb'.f  Plot,  p.  20. 

Treaty  of  Newport  /;/  the  Ifte  o/*  Wight,  p.  50 !.  Parliament!' s 
Propofals  and  the  King^s  Reply,  p,  503.  Conference  betiveen  the 
King    and  the  Parliament  Divines  about  Epifcopacy,    p.    505. 

King's 


INDEX.  627 

King's  final  ConceJ/ions,  p.  5  14,  5  15,  516.  Remarks,  p.  521. 
ConcluJioK  of  the  TxC2iiy,  p.  523. 

Treaty  ^' Oxford,  p.  g,  iffc.     Broke  off,  p.  17. 

Treaty  o/^Uxbridge,  p.  249.  The  CommiJJioners,  p.  251.  Treaty 
begins,  ibid.  Debates  about  the  Militia,  p.  252.  About  Ire- 
land, p.  253.  Jhout  Religion,  ibid.  ^c.  Treaty  breaks  off, 
and  the  Reafonsofit,  p.  263.      Remarks,  p.  264. 

Tuckney,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  123. 

Turner,  Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  466. 

Twifle,  Dr.  Prolocutor  to  the  Affembly  of  Di'vincs,  p.  54.  His 
Death  and  Character,  p.  375. 

V. 

VAcancies  in  the  Uni'verfty  of  OxkrA  filed  up,  p.  476. 
Vacant  Benefices.     Sec  Benefices. 

Vines,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  121. 

Vifitation  o/'/^f  t////i'f;j/i>V  0/"  Cambridge,  p.  114,  ^c.  See  Czm- 
bridge. 

Vifitation  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  p.  429,  ^c.  See  Ox- 
ford. 

Uniformity,  Debates  about  if,  p.  308.     .S"^^  Toleration. 

Voice  of  the  "Nation  a^ainji  the  King^s  Trial  and  Death,  p.  531, 
^c. 

Votes  of  710  more  Addreffes  to  the  King,  p.  420.  RenjoKd,  p.  489. 
Refum^d,  p.  530. 

Ufher,  Archbif/op,  his  Sentitnents  about  Epifopacy,  and  Scheme  for 
reducing  it  to  the  Form  of  Prefbytery,   p.  523. 

Uxbridge,   Treaty  of      ^rf  Treaty. 

W. 
\  7t  JAIker,   Dr.  fome  Accouiitofhitn,  p.  464.  .  . 

\V     Wtllis,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  472. 
War.     See  Civil  War. 

Ward,  Dr.  S&mnG[,  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  120. 
Ward,   Dr.  Seth,  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  471. 
Waring,   Mr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  465. 
Weftfield,   Bijhop,  his  Death  and  Chara^er,  p.  170. 
W'hite,  Mr.  his  Century  of  fcandalous,  malignant  Prieils,    p.  3 1 . 

His  Death  and  Charader,  p.  267. 
Whitlock,   Bulllrode,   Efq;    his  Speech  in  the  Affembly  of  Divines, 

about  the  Di'vine  Right  of  Prefbytery,  p.  278.      About  Sufpenfon 

and  Excommunication,  p.  286. 
AVightW'ick,   Mr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  464. 
Wild,    Serjeant,     opens  the  Impeachment   againf   Archbifhop  Laud, 

p.  177.      The  Archbijhop' s  CharaSler  of  him,   p.  24I  . 
Wilkins,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  467. 
Williinfon,  Dr-  John,  fine  Account  of  him,  p.  468. 

Wilkin- 


628  INDEX. 

Wilkinfon,  Dr.  Hemy,  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  469^. 
Wilkinfon,   T.Ir.  Henry,  his  Death,  p.  481. 
Wilmot,   Lieutenant  Ge?icral,  his  Charaiier,  p.  lOQ. 
Witchcott,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him  y  p.  122. 


70ang,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  122. 


r  y  Ouch,   Dr.  fome  Account  of  him,  p.  460. 


FINIS. 


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1 


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