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CO..  1ND. 


IIMEDI^JM^  r  fBCTIl 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBUC  ['PfflRX 


3  1833  017U6298 


>c  977.2  Se3h 


|Histor 

Party  of  Indian 


Y    of  the  Republic; 


HISTORY 


REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


OF    INDIANA, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  THE  PARTY  LEADERS 

Illustrated  with  Steel  Plate,  Photogravure  and 
Steelograph  Engravings. 


VOLUME    I. 


RUSSEL    M.  SEEDS, 

EDITOR. 


INDIANAPOLIS: 

THE   INDIANA   HISTORY  CO. 

189Q. 


900  Webster  Street 

PO  Box  2270  .2270 


PRESS  OF 
Bio's  &  Co.,  I> 

ISDUNAPOLIS. 


481236 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Allen  County  Public  Library  Genealogy  Center 


http://www.archive.org/details/historyofrepubliOOseed 


PREFACE 


WHEN  the  writer  of  this  History  was  serving  as  secretary  of  the 
Republican  State  Committee  he  was  frequently  asked  to  fur- 
nish information  about  various  points  in  the  history  of  the 
party  organization  in  Indiana,  clauses  in  its  early  platforms,  or  incidents 
in  the  careers  of  some  of  its  famous  men.  There  was  no  data  at  hand 
to  meet  these  demands.  Succeeding  State  committees  had  destroyed 
or  lost  their  records,  tiles  of  the  local  newspapers  were  incomplete  and 
most  of  the  information  asked  for  was  either  entirely  inaccessible  or  so 
nearly  so  that  it  would  cost  endless  trouble  to  find  it. 

It  was  partly  to  meet  this  want  and  partly  to  produce  an  enduring 
monument  to  the  achievements  of  Indiana  Republicans  that  the  pub- 
lishers conceived  and  have  executed  this  work.  It  has  required  nearly 
two  years  to  gather  with  care  and  accuracy  and  put  into  presentable 
shape  the  information  it  contains,  covering  the  story  of  the  Republican 
party  of  Indiana,  from  its  first  beginnings,  the  detailed  history  of  the 
party  organization,  the  record  of  all  its  platforms  and  nominations, 
the  things  it  has  accomplished  in  the  government  of  the  State  and  the 
enviable  part  its  strong  men  have  taken  in  the  Government  of  the 
United  States. 

This  purely  historical  part  of  the  work  has  heen  supplemented  with 
biographies  of  practically  all  the  men  who  have  participated  in  a  large 
way  in  the  leadership  of  the  party — and  he  it  thoroughly  understood 
that  these  are  biographies,  not  autobiographies.  The  publishers  are 
indebted  to  Hon.  William  Dudley  Foulke  for  the  sketch  of  Governor 
Morton  and  to  Hon.  D.  P.  Baldwin  for  the  sketch  of  Senator  Pratt. 
The  others  were  prepared  either  by  the  author  of  the  History  or  some 
one  of  his  associates  regularly  employed  for  the  purpose. 

The  announcement  that  the  hook  was  in  course  of  preparation  has 
met  with  most  gratifying  assurances  of  support  from  the  Republicans 
of  the  State,  and  the  advance  subscription  has  been  so  generous  as 
to  give  the  publishers  not  only  full  heart  to  go  ahead  with  the  enter- 
prise, but  a  free  hand  in  making  the  volume  as  handsome  as  it  could  be 
made  in  a  mechanical  way.  It  is  their  earnest  hope  that  their  efforts 
in  this  direction  have  succeeded  in  meeting  the  expectations  of  the  public. 

RUSSEL  M.  SEEDS. 


CONTENTS. 


Government  by  Party 1 

Causes  and  Birth  of  the  Party 6 

Beginnings  in  Indiana 16 

Campaigns  and  Platforms 24 

Republican  State  Government s^ 

Influence  upon  National  Affairs 9t! 

The  Party's  Future   100 

Party  Leaders — Biographical  Sketches 107 

Running  a  Campaign  Effectively 365 

Famous  Republican  Clubs  of  Indiana  :;6!* 

The  Columbia  Club  of  Indianapolis 371 

The  Marion  Club  of  Indianapolis 374 

The  Tippecanoe  Club  of  Fort  Wayne 377 

The  Lincoln  Club  of  LaFayette 379 

The  Indiana  Legislature 381 

The  Senate — Biographical  Sketches 382 

The  House  of  Representatives — Biographical  Sketches 385 


[NDEX  TO  ENGRAVINGS. 


PA«E 

Adams.  Thomas  H  320 

Baker.  Francis  E  208 

Baker.  John    H  17c 

Beardsley,  Albert  K  L92 

Beem.  David   E  248 

Beveridge.  Albert  J  266 

Beyerle,  L.   H  a  16 

Bigler,  Warren  195 

Boimell.  John   R  230 

Bookwalter,  diaries  A  330 

Bowen.  E.    W  346 

Brick,  A.  L  224 

Brooks.  Thomas  J  -231 

Brown,  Robert  A  294 

Brownlee.  Hiram  130 

Chaney.  John  C  197 

Chipman.  Marcellus   A  301 

Oockrum,  John  B  232 

Colfax.  Schuyler  339 

Conner.  John  B  ...  319 

Crockett.    Elmer  221 

Cromer.  George  W".  24t> 

Dodge.  James  S  272 

Dudley.  William  W  359 

Early.  Jacob  D  118 

Elliott.  George  B  336 

Fairbanks,  Charles  W  114 

Faris.  George  W  32 S 

Filbeck.   Nicholas  113 

Flyun,   David    H.  M  167 

Foster.  John  W  364 

Garrigus.    .Milton  171 

Gardiner,  Wm.   R  343 

Gilbert.  Newton    W  182 

Glossbrenner.  Alfred    M  282 

Goodwine.  Freemont  1 12 

Gowdy,  John  K  159 

Griffin.   Charles  F  136 

Griffiths,  John    L  243 

Grubbs.  George  W  361 

Haggard.  William  S  143 

Hanna.  Bugh  H  149 


PAGE 

Hanly.  J.   Frank  160 

Harris.  Addison  C  12s 

Harrison.  Benjamin  106 

Hawkins.  Roscoe  0  199 

Hays.  Franklin  W  200 

Hayw 1.  George  P  203 

Heath.  Ferry  S  135 

Henry.   David   W  183 

Henry.  Charles  L  212 

Hernly.  Charles  S.  144 

Herod.   William  P  356 

Hogate.  Enoch  G  165 

Holloway.  Frederick  E  175 

Hugg.  Martin  M  309 

Hunt.  Union  B  279 

Joss,  Frederick  A  280 

Knotts.  A.   F  290 

Lambert,  Francis  E  1  T !♦ 

Lambert.  William  W.  194 

Lane,  Henry  R  1 

Lane.  Charles  R  166 

Littleton.  Frank  L  140 

Loveland.   Robert   J  340 

Mansfield.  Robert  E  119 

Marsh,  Albert  0  124 

Marshall.  Henry  W  331 

McCulloch.  George  F  256 

McGuire.  Newton  J  344 

McKeen.  William  R  187 

Megrew,  Harold   C  315 

Michener,  Louis  T  131 

Miller.  Charles  W  216 

Miller,  Daniel  V  163 

Moore,  John  E  355 

Morris,  John,  Jr  296 

Morton.  <  lliver  F  350 

Mount.  James  A  261 

Myers,  Quincy   A  184 

Neal,  Edward  E  247 

Noel.  James  W  141 

Overstreet,  Arthur  237 

Overstreet.  Jesse  191 


1XDKX    Tt>    ENGRAVINGS. 


Owen,  William    l> 
Page,  William    l> 
Poirson,  Peter  F 
Porter.  Albert  G 
Posey.  Frank  B 
Pratt,  Daniel  1) 
Remy,  ( Iharles  K 
Ryan,  Henry  * ' 
Small.  Albert    A 
Bpangler,  John    M 
Stevens,  William  A 
Statesman.  James  F 
Taylor,  Robert  S 
Thayer,  Henrv  G 


103  Thompson,  Richard   W 

!04  Todd,  J  ami,  .] 

523  Tutthill,  Harry    B 

127  Tyner,  James  N 

;  1  2  Wallace,  Lew 

2S3  Whittington,  William  T 

295  Whitcomb,  Larz  A 

158  Williams.  Vinson  V 

L21  Wilson,  Charles  E 

335  Wingate,  John  C 

229  Wood,   William    R 

362  Woods,  Floyd  A 

Ms  Woods,   William  A 
213 


PAGE 

L55 
3  1  8 
162 
L25 

123 
L53 

174 

L52 
2i0 
332 

207 


INDIAN   TO    HKXJKAPHIKS. 


Adams,  Thomas  H 
Agnew,  Nathan  L 
Aiken,  William  H 
Andress,   Edgar  H 


PAGK 

320 
382 
385 
215 


Artman,  Samuel  R  385 

Baker.  John  H  1?6 

Baker,  Francis  E  208 

Baker,  Otway  A  386 

Baker,  John  W  385 

Baldwin,  Daniel  I'  L80 

Ball,  Walter  L  382 

Barlow.   James  M  386 

Beardsley,  Albert  R  192 

Beem,   David  E  248 

Beveridge,  Albert  J  264 

Beyerle,  Lincoln  H  316 

Biggs.    Hiram  S  235 

Bigler,  Warren  195 

Binkley,  Charles  C.  382 

Black.  James  B  245 

Blankenship,  Quincy  A  386 

Bonham.  John  A  386 

Bonnell.  John  R  230 

Bookwalter,  Charles  A  329 

Bowen,   Edward    W  345 

Brick.  Abraham   L  224 

Brooks.   Thomas  J  231 

Brown,   Robert  A  294 

Brownlee.  Hiram  130 

Burrier,   Arthur  A  386 

Bums.  Albert  M  382 

Butler.  Noble  C  298 

Canada.  Silas   A  386 

Caraway,  Morgan  3s7 

Chaney.  John   C  196 

Chipman,  Marcellus  A  300 

Charles,  James  382 

Clark.  Addison  B.  387 

Claypool,  Jefferson  H  157 

Coburn.  John  222 

Cockrum.  John    B  232 

Coffin.  Charles  F  233 


PAGK 

Coffey,  Silas  D  310 

Compton,  John  F  38'7 

Conner,  John  B  318 

Colfax,  Schuyler  337 

Crockett.  Elmer  220 

Cromer,  George  W  246 

Crumpacker,  Edgar  D  281 

Culbert,  Uriah  382 

Cunningham,  George  A  239 

Dilley,  Harvey  C  387 

Dodge,  James  S  273 

Dudley,  William  W  356 

Din-bin,  Winfield  T  238 

Durham,  Crandell            387 

Early.  Jacob   |)  Us 

Elliott,  George  B,  336 

Fairbanks,  Charles  W  114 

Faris.  George   W  328 

Filbeck,   Nicholas  113 

Flynn.   David  H.  M  167 

Foster.  John   W  362 

Frazier,  W.  DeFrees  300 

Furness.  Leigh  G  388 

Garrigus,  Milton  170 

Gants,  Adam            .".ss 

Gardiner,  William  R  342 

Gilbert,  Newton  W  182 

Glosshrenner,  Alfred  M  282 

(ioar.  Charles  S  383 

Good  wine,  Fremont  112 

Gochenour,  Joseph  C  383 

Gowdy.  John  K  15s 

Griffin,  Charles   F  137 

(Griffiths.  John    I,  242 

(irubbs,  George  W  35fS 

Guthrie,   William   W 383 

Hall.  Edmon  (i 388 

Haltord,  Elijah  W  271 

Hanna,  Robert  B  338 

Hanna,  Hugh  II     .  146 

Hanly,  James    F  160 

Haggard.  Willliam  S  142 


INDEX    TO    BIOGRAPHIES. 


Harrison,  Benjamin 

Harris.  Addison  ( ' 
Herod,  William  Pirtle 
Hawkins.  Roscoe  ( > 
Hays.  Franklin   W 
Hayes.  .John  J 
Hays.  Wilbur  A 
Haywood.  George  I' 
Heath.  Perry  S 
Henry,  -lames  R 
Henly.  William  .1 
Henry.   David   W 
Henry.   Charles  L 
Heilman,  Charles  F 
Hearing'.  Frederick  A 
Hernly.  Charles  X 
Hert,  Alvin  T 
Hemenway.  James  A 
Higgins.  Alvin  M 
Hogate,  Enoch  G 
Hogate,  Julian    D 

Hoi  ibs,  Elisha  M 

Holoway,  Fred.  E 
Holcomb,   John    W 
Hubbell.  Orrin  Z 
Huff.  James  M 
Hugg,  Martin  M 
Hunt,  Union   B 
Johnson,  Lafayette 
Jones.  Frank    L- 
Joss.   Frederick   A 
Kercheval.  Samuel  F 
Keyes.  Otis  M 
King.  Charles  S 
Kirkpatrick.  Albert  P» 
Knotts.   A.  F 

unbert,    Francis   K 
..■unbcrt.  William  W 

.aFollette.   Jesse  J.   M 
.andis.  ( 'harles    B 
jane,   Henry  S 
jane,  ( 'harles  R 
jegeman.  Walter  A 
jeich,  August 
attleton,  Frank  I, 

Lovett,   John  W 

Loveland,  Robert  J 


PAGE 

F 

AGE 

lot 

Mansfield,  Robert  F 

mi 

129 

Manifold,    William  W  . .   .     . 

IS  11 

354 

Marsh.  Albert  0         

124 

ins 

Marshall.  Henry  W 

331 

200 

McCulloch,  George  F        .     . 

257 

388 

McClelland,  William  R 

240 

388 

McKeen,  William  R  

ISC, 

202 

McGary,  Hugh  D 

;sn 

L33 

McGuire,  Newton  J 

344 

324 

Mcintosh.   James  M 

251 

277 

MeGrew.  Harold  C 

314 

L83 

Messick,  Jacob  W 

,90 

i'li' 

Michener.  Louis  T 

l ::  l 

■247 

Mitchener,   Grant 

334 

:;sn 

Miller,  Calvin  C 

390 

1+4 

Miller,  Daniel  V 

163 

217 

Miller,  George  C 

3S4 

34 1 

Miller.  Chas.   W 

2  Hi 

IS!) 

Montgomery,  Oscar  H 

2!M> 

L64 

Moore,  John  F 

354 

244 

Morton.  (  diver  P 

546 

242 

Morris.  John,  Jr 

29ti 

175 

Mount.  James  A 

2511 

389 

Murphy.  Oliver  M 

390 

383 

Myers,  Quincy  A 

1S4 

389 

Neal,  Edward  F 

247 

308 

Nebeker.  Enos  H 

236 

27s 

New,  John  C 

209 

383 

New,   Harry  S 

384 

316 

Newby,  Leonidas   P 

321 

2  so 

Noel,  James  W 

141 

21  1 

Osborn,  John  II 

25s 

384 

( (shorn.  George  A 

584 

21H 

( (shorn,  Benjamin   K 

390 

389 

( Iverstreet,  Arthur 

236 

290 

( Iverstreet,  Jesse 

Hid 

]  78 

( Iwen,  Elisha  H 

',!Hi 

194 

<  Iwen,  William    D 

502 

201 

Page.  William   D 

3(15 

:',uii 

Pettit,  Henry  C 

$33 

HC.I 

Poirson,  Peter  F 

522 

D;<; 

Porter.  Albert  G 

325 

384 

Posey,   Prank   B 

312 

3S4 

Powers.  Joseph  B 

190 

14ii 

Pratt,   Daniel  D 

283 

313 

Reece,  James  N 

391 

340 

Remy,  Charles  K 

2!»5 

INDEX    TO    BIOGRAPHIES: 


Reser,  Alva  0  391 

Richter.  John  C  304 

Rifenburg,  William   H  391 

Roberts.  Edward  S  391 

Robertson.  Robert  S  262 

391 
226 


Roose.  William 
Roots.  Francis  T 
Ryan.  Henry  C 
Schmidt,  William  H 
Schmidt,   Walter   M 
Schrader,  Frederick 
Scott.  Alexander  M 
Scott.  Reuben  B 
Shideler.  George  A 
Shirley.  Cassius  ( ' 
Small.  Albert  A 
Smith.  Charles  F 
Somers.  Orlando  A 
Steele,  George    \\ 
Stevens.  William  A 
Stevens.  Jesse  C 
Studebaker,    Clement 
Stutesman.  .James  F 
Spangler,  John   M 


II 


304 
259 
391 
391 
391 
250 
193 
120 
ITS 
391 
122 

3!>_ 

360 
335 


PAGE 

Taylor.  Robert  S  168 

Thayer.  Henry  G  213 

Thompson.  Richard  W  154 

Todd.  Jacob  J  317 

Tntthill.  Harry   B  162 

Tyner.  James  N  126 

Wallace.  Lew  252 

Watson.  James  E  219 

Waugh,  Dan  251 

Weik.  Jesse  W 311 

Whittington,  William  T                           122 

Whitcomb.  Charles  :'.'.»l' 

Whitcomb.  Larz  A.  153 

Williams.  George  392 

Willoughby.  Benjamin  M                         392 

Williams.  Vinton  V  174 

Wilson,  William  T  186 

Wilson.  Charles  E  274 

Wingate.  John  C  151 

Wishard.    Albert    W  292 

W Is.    William   R  .      240 

W Is.   Floyd  A  332 

Woods,  William  A  204 

Young',  Archibald  A  297 


HISTORY  OF  THE  REPUBLICAN  PARTY 
OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA. 


GOVERNMENT  BY  PARTY. 


TN  order  to  properly  appreciate  the  devel- 
opment and  influence  of  the  Republican 
party  upon  the  destinies  of  Indiana,  a 
commonwealth  surpassing  in  wealth  and 
population  many  of  the  empires  of  the 
past  whose  stories  we  read  with  so  much 
interest,  it  is  necessary  that  we  should 
briefly  bring  to  mind  something  of  the 
nature  of  political  parties  and  their  devel- 
opment in  the  United  States. 

Government  by  party,  frequently  railed 
at  by  writers  whose  knowledge  of  ancient 
and  modern  times  seems  confined  to  a 
schedule  of  dates  of  battles  and  reigns  of 
kings,  has  been  the  history  of  every  people 
possessing  any  degree  of  freedom  in  their 
government.  In  the  savage  state  men  of 
the  same  tribe  have  gathered  about  the 
standards  of  opposing  chiefs,  and,  as  civ- 
ilization developed  them  into  monarchies, 
aristocracies,  or  pure  democracies,  they 
have  found  cause  for  division  among  them- 
selves whenever  respite  from  foreign  war 
gave  them  time  to  contemplate  their  do- 
mestic conditions.  Despotisms  have  occa- 
sionally been  able  to  suppress  party  spirit 
without  the  aid  of  war.  but  such  suppres- 
sion has  always  been  productive  of  con- 
spiracy and  sedition,  as  witness  the  frequenl 
rebellions  that  have  afflicted  the  Chinese 
Empire  for  more  than  3,000  years,  and  the 
Nihilism    that    continues    to    terrify   the 


dominion  of  the  Czars.  Even  under  the 
despotism  of  the  Byzantine  emperors,  the 
spiritless  people  of  the  decayed  Roman 
Empire,  shut  out  from  all  participation  in 
government,  found  cause  for  division  in 
the  chariot  races  of  the  circus,  and  the 
riotous  antagonism  of  the  '•greens'*  and 
"blues"  more  than  once  bathed  in  blood 
the  altars  of  St.  Sophia  and  even  the  por- 
ticoes of  the  palace  of  the  ( 'onstantines. 

Among  most  peoples  parties  have  formed 
upon  a  single  issue,  about  the  person  of  a 
single  leader,  or  under  the  shadow  of  a 
single  family,  and,  as  a  general  thing. 
they  have  perished  with  the  issue,  the 
leader  or  the  family  that  gave  them  a 
rallying  ground.  To-day  in  Italy  we  see 
simply  the  party  of  the  ministry  and  that 
of  the  opposition,  with  the  elements  of 
each  constantly  changing  as  the  great  is- 
sue of  the  temporal  power  of  the  Vatican 
is  gradually  dying  out.  In  Spain  we  can 
trace  the  more  or  less  dim  divisions  of 
parties  along  the  lines  of  Carlism.  support 
of  the  reigning  dynasty,  clericalism,  and 
militarism.  In  France  parties  form  and 
disintegrate  with  such  volatile  rapidity 
that  it  is  dangerous  to  trace  the  lines  of 
one  moment,  lest  they  be  abolished  the 
next  ;  but  at  the  present  writing  the  cele- 
brated Dreyfus  affair  has  divided  the  na- 
tion into  two  parties,  the  one  supporting  the 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


military  control  of  the  "republic"  and  the 
other  seeking  to  vindicate  the  superiority 
of  civil  authority.  In  Germany,  while 
there  are  numerous  shifting  parties,  divid- 
ing upon  religious,  fiscal,  agrarian,  indus- 
trial or  other  questions,  there  is  gradually 
developing  a  party  supporting  the  military 
monarchy  of  the  empire  and  one  strug- 
gling for  a  larger  measure  of  popular 
freedom. 

It  has  been  characteristic  of  the  depth 
and  steadfastness  of  the  Anglo- Saxon 
nature  that  the  English-speaking  people 
should  mark  their  party  lines  along  that 
fundamental  division  in  the  nature  of 
mankind  that  marks  the  opposition  of 
progress  and  conservatism.  Viewed  in  a 
large  way  the  contention  of  parties  in  both 
Great  Britain  and  America  has  always 
been  the  struggle  between  the  elements  of 
advance  and  those  of  inaction.  And  it  is 
further  characteristic  of  Anglo-Saxon  sta- 
bility that  these  parties  should  endure  and 
preserve  their  organization  and  apply  their 
fundamental  principles  to  the  varying 
problems  of  government  that  arise  amid 
the  changes  of  time  and  circumstance. 
By  the  nature  of  the  division  it  follows 
that  the  character  of  an  English-speaking 
government  will  be  determined  by  the 
varying  success  or  defeat  of  two  great 
parties.  There  have  been  in  the  past  and 
there  will  be  in  future,  minor  political 
groups  or  organizations  that  expire  quickly 
or  endure  at  length,  according  to  their 
merits,  and  occasionally  even  one  of  the 
great  parties  will  apparently  expire  to 
arise  under  a  different  name.  Not  infre- 
quently, indeed,  we  shall  find  a  party  in 
power  taking  up  and  executing  maxims 
of  government  <»]■  policy  brought  forward 
first  by  an  opponent,  but  parties  are  simply 
great  aggregations  of  men  and  the  nature 
of  man  is  not  minutely  consistent.  Great 
sentimental  questions  or  sudden  upheavals 
brought  about  by  war  may  cause  tempo- 
rary confusion,  and  something  of  realign- 
ment recurs  whenever  a  new  problem  of 


large  nature  appears,  but  we  can  always 
trace  the  fundamental  dividing  line  of 
progress  and  conservatism  as  dividing  two 
dominant  parties. 

In  the  early  history  of  England  the 
struggle  lay  between  the  absolutism  of  the 
Norman  kings  and  the  efforts  of  the  barons 
to  hold  their  local  power.  We  find  the 
division  crystalizing  into  permanent  party 
organization  when  the  conservative  ele- 
ment that  clung  to  an  absolute  monarchy 
and  the  Catholic  church  rallied  about  the 
house  of  Stuart  as  "Cavaliers,''  while  all 
the  dissenters  and  those  opposed  to  the  ex- 
isting order  were  denounced  as  "Round- 
heads." After  the  restoration  of  the 
Stuarts  these  opposing  parties  applied  to 
each  other  the  opprobrious  epithets  of 
"Whigs"  and  ••Tories.'*  and  the  political 
descendants  of  the  "Roundheads"  made 
the  word  "Whig"  glorious  during  the 
succeeding  centuries  and  still  endure- as 
"Liberals,"  while  the  successors  of  the 
"Cavaliers"  have  but  recently  exchanged 
the  proud  appellation  of  "Tory"  for  the 
more  prosaic  one  of  "Conservative."  As 
Cavaliers.  Tories  or  Conservatives,  this  one 
great  party  of  the  English  people,  varying 
their  methods  and  immediate  purposes  ac- 
cording to  time  and  circumstance,  have 
steadily  labored  to  hold  fast  to  old  institu- 
tions and  to  prevent  all  experiment  of  new 
and  untried  things.  As  Roundheads, 
Whigs  or  Liberals,  their  opponents  have 
steadily  pushed  forward  toward  the  goal 
of  political  and  religious  liberty  until  they 
have  made  of  the  English  monarchy  a  legal 
fiction  and  a  social  form,  and  have  given 
to  the  individual  Englishman  the  largest 
measure  of  personal  liberty  and  the  most 
influential  voice  in  his  own  government 
of  any  man  on  earth,  not  even  excepting 
our  own  free-born  American  citizen. 

Stripped  of  all  tilings  of  a  temporary 
nature,  we  can  trace  in  the  history  of 
parties  in  the  United  States  this  same 
line  of  opposition  between  conservatism 
and   progress,    though    the   object  of  our 


1TATE    (IF    INDIANA. 


progressive  organization  lias  been  national 
unity  and  national  greatness.  The  boon 
of  liberty  for  the  individual,  universal 
franchise  and  religious  freedom  was  ac- 
complished for  the  white  inhabitants  by 
the  Revolutionary  War  and  could  not  af- 
ford an  issue,  hut  the  question  of  whether 
the  thirteen  colonies  were  to  he  petty,  in- 
dependent States  or  whether  their  people 
were  to  he  welded  into  a,  nation  afforded  a 
subject  of  the  keenest  debate  and  resulted 
in  a  compromise  between  the  contending 
elements.  As  a  result  the  Articles  of 
Confederation  were  promulgated,  which 
attempted  to  preserve  the  entire  independ- 
ence and  autonomy  of  the  various  States. 
while  setting  up  a  loose  federation  for  the 
purpose  of  mutual  protection  and  peace. 
The  conservative  element  feared  anything 
in  the  nature  of  a  National  government, 
while  the  purpose  of  the  progressive  ele- 
ment was  amply  explained  by  the  name 
they  assumed,  of  ••Federalists."  When 
the  Articles  of  Confederation  were  proven 
by  short  experience  inadequate  to  the  situ- 
ation and  the  constitutional  convention 
met,  the  debates  of  its  long  session  clearly 
demonstrated  the  fact  that  the  party  line 
had  grown  wonderfully  sharp.  Every 
power  granted  to  the  Federal  Government 
in  that  document  was  fought  inch  by  inch 
by  the  conservative  element,  and  though 
the  Federalists  were  victorious  in  most 
tilings,  so  influential  were  their  opponents 
that  even  under  our  immortal  Constitu- 
tion the  American  nation  must  have  been 
cramped,  confined,  and  impotent,  had  not 
Chief  Justice  Marshall  introduced  in  the 
decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  the  doc- 
trine of  "implied  powers."  Even  with 
this  help,  the  American  people  have  not 
hesitated  to  step  entirely  without  the 
bounds  of  the  Constitution  when  proper 
occasion  arose.  Jefferson,  the  head  and 
front  of  the  Conservative  party,  did  so 
when  he  purchased  the  great  territory  of 
Louisiana,  from  which  most  of  our  Western 
States   have    been    carved,    and     Monroe, 


belonging  to  the  same  party,  did  it  again 
when  he  laid  down  his  celebrated  doctrine 
that  no  European  power  should  seek  terri- 
torial aggrandizement  upon  the  American 
continent.  The  real  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  is  the  conscience  of  the 
American  people. 

As  soon  as  the  ( 'onstitutioii  was  ratified 
the  spirit  of  party  that  had  shown  so 
plainly  in  the  convention  began  to  crystal- 
lize about  the  opposing  questions  of  ••broad" 
or  "strict"  construction  of  the  document. 
Hamilton  led  the  Federalists,  who  natur- 
ally inclined  toward  broad  construction, 
and  Jefferson  led  the  strict  construction- 
ists. The  theories  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion had  their  effect  upon  public  thought 
in  America,  and  Jefferson  and  his  follow- 
ers subscribed  warmly  to  the  laissez-faire 
doctrine,  the  notion  that  that  government 
was  best  which  governed  least  and  gave 
to  the  individual  the  widest  possible  scope 
for  the  exercise  of  his  talent,  his  wealth 
and  his  strength,  without  governmental 
interference.  The  largest  measure  of  local 
autonomy  in  government,  "States'  rights." 
and  the  right  of  secession,  all  flowed  logic- 
ally from  their  theories.  They  took  at 
first  the  name  of  "Republicans."  Later 
they  were  known  as  "Democratic  Repub- 
licans," and  finally  as  "Democrats."  The 
party  has  thus  descended  in  direct  line  to 
the  present  day.  In  a  general  way  it  has 
stood  for  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the 
individual  as  against  any  encroachment 
upon  the  part  of  government  in  the  way 
of  centralization  of  power  or  the  exercise 
of  paternal  care.  Thus  we  find  it  has 
generally  opposed  all  restrictions  upon 
commerce,  it  has  opposed  taxation  for 
the  purpose  of  internal  improvements,  it 
has  opposed  large  naval  or  land  arma- 
ments in  time  of  peace,  it  has  stood  for 
the  individual  right  of  the  slave-owner  to 
hold  his  human  property  as  against  the 
righl  of  the  Federal  Government  to  wipe 
out  the  institution,  it  has  stood  for  the 
right  of  the  State  to  secede  as  against  the 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


right  nf  the  Government  to  hold  it  in  the 
Federal  Union  by  force  of  arms,  it  lias  op- 
posed  the  principle  nf  protection  and  it  will 
in  the  future  oppose  the  notion  of  expan- 
sion, partly  from  pure  conservatism,  part- 
ly from  the  theory  that  the  island  peoples 
have  the  inalienable  right  to  govern  them- 
selves or  fail  to  govern  themselves  as  they 
may  see  fit  and  partly  from  simple  force 
of  the  habit  of  opposition. 

The  line  of  the  present  Republican  party 
has  not  been  so  definite  in  its  continuance. 
but  first  as  Federalists,  later  as  Whigs. 
and  finally  as  Republicans,  the  organiza- 
tion has  stood  for  the  national  spirit  in 
American  politics.  It  has  been  the  party 
of  progress,  of  constructive  legislation,  the 
party  of  action.  Through  its  whole  his- 
tory it  has  stood  for  the  protection  and  ad- 
vance of  American  manufactures,  for 
internal  improvements,  for  the  strength- 
ening of  the  National  Government,  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union,  for  the  aboli- 
tion of  slavery  and  for  sound  financial 
ideas.  In  the  new  questions  opening  up 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  will  stand 
for  the  expansion  of  American  civilization. 
The  Federalists  held  power  through  the 
administration  of  John  Adams,  hut  the 
Jefferson  Republicans  elected  their  leader 
and  then  Madison.  During  the  Madison 
administration  the  younger  element  in 
the  Republican  party,  as  it  then  was. 
forced  the  second  war  with  England  for 
the  purpose  of  vindicating  the  individual 
rights  of  American  seamen.  The  individ- 
ualism of  the  French  Revolution  had  al- 
ready sunk  into  the  despotism  of  Napoleon 
and  the  Napoleonic  wars  were  keeping 
England  busy.  The  United  States  won 
an  easy  and  glorious  victory  and  the  op- 
position of  the  New  England  Federalists 
to  the  war  marked  the  death  of  the  party. 
It  was  long  in  reviving  and  the  "era  of 
good  feeling"  left  the  country  with  prac- 
tically but  one  party  for  several  years. 
And  when  an  opponent  worthy  of  the 
name  finally  did  arise  to  contest  the  rule  of 


the  Democratic  Republicans,  or  1  democrats, 
such  was  the  paucity  of  issues  that  they 
went  to  the  memories  of  English  freedom 
for  a  name  and  called  themselves  Whigs. 
The  transition  from  pure  democracy  to 
pure  despotism  has  always  been  easy,  and 
when  the  Democrats  finally  elevated  to  the 
presidency  the  hero  they  worshipped  as  no 
other  American  has  been  worshipped  in  his 
own  time,  they  ushered  in  an  administra- 
tion that  has  been  rightly  denominated  as 
the  "reign"  of  Andrew  Jackson.  Jack- 
son's despotism  culminated  in  his  over- 
throw of  the  United  States  Bank  and  the 
fiscal  system  that  had  been  established 
through  its  agency,  thus  affording  the 
Whigs  an  issue  upon  which  they  finally 
came  into  power  in  the  election  of  William 
Henry  Harrison,  another  hero  of  the  War 
of  1812. 

In  the  meantime  a  great  sentimental 
issue,  the  question  of  slavery  had  begun 
to  loom  upon  the  political  horizon.  True 
to  its  conservative  instincts  the  Democratic 
party  held  to  the  institution  of  slavery  and 
the  right  of  the  people  of  the  slave  States  to 
decide  without  Federal  interference  what 
they  should  do.  They  won  the  presidency 
again  by  picking  a  quarrel  with  England 
about  the  Northwestern  boundary  and  their 
battle  cry  in  1844  was  "  Fifty -four:  forty  or 
fight."  After  the  election  the  Democratic 
administration  distracted  the  country 
with  a  war  with  Mexico  for  Texan  inde- 
pendence, while  the  Northwestern  bound- 
ary was  quietly  settled  at  a  line  far  below 
the  -Fifty-four:  forty"  mark.  Texas 
came  into  the  Union  as  additional  slave 
territory  and  the  "Compromise  of  1850" 
failed  to  allay  the  strife  over  the  slavery 
question.  The  Whig  leaders  dodged  the 
great  issue  and  their  organization  died. 
Several  parties  launched  themselves  upon 
several  issues,  but  the  American  people 
would  have  none  of  them  and  from  a  ripe 
public  sentiment  against  slavery  the  Re- 
publican  party  of  the  present  day  sprang 
into  existence  to  sound  the  note  of  freedom 


(IK    THE    STATE    OK    INDIANA. 


and  equal  rights  before  the  law  and  to 
sustain  the  integrity  of  the  Nation  when 
its  early  success  precipitated  secession  and 
civil  war.  It  lived  to  carry  through  the 
reconstruction  of  the  States  that  endeav- 
ored to  secede  and  has  endured  to  become 
the  progressive,  constructive  force  in  the 
Nation.  It  may  seem  paradoxical  to  call 
the  heterogeneous  mass  of  men  and  isms 
that  now  compose  I  lie  Democratic  party 
the  conservative  party  of  the  country,  hut 
such  it  is.  Since  the  Civil  War  it  has  been 
continuously  out  of  power  except  two  short 
intervals  and  during  the  first  of  these  it 
had  now  a  Republican  Senate  and  now 
a  Republican  House  that  prevented  the 
enactment  of  party  measures.  In  all  this 
time  it  has  had  complete  control  of  the 
legislative  and  executive  branches  of  the 
government  only  two  years,  from  March, 
L893,  to  March,  1895,  and  then  it  proved  its 
conservatism  by  its  utter  inability  to  agree 
upon  any  general  legislation  of  importance. 
During  these  years  out  of  power  it  has 
been  the  duty  of  the  Democratic  party  to 
oppose  and  it  has  opposed  everything 
that  has  been  done  with  great  industry. 
It  has  been  its  duty  to  criticise  and  it  has 
surely  fulfilled  this  dufv  in  full  measure. 


Its  discordant  elements  have  been  held 
together  by  the  cohesive  force  of  opposi- 
tion and  it  has  served  the  very  essential 
purpose  of  a  brake  on  the  car  of  progress 
While  it  is  difficult  to  recall  a  wise  thing 
that  it  has  done  within  the  past  forty 
years,  it  has  certainly  prevented  many  un- 
wise things. 

The  stability  of  Anglo-Saxon  govern- 
ment on  both  sides  of  the  ocean  is  ample 
justification  of  the  principle  of  government 
by  party.  While  party  organizations  have 
stooped  to  unworthy  means,  they  have 
never  been  so  corrupt  or  so  oppressive  as 
the  rule  of  individuals  and  more  than  once 
party  discipline  has  contributed  immeas- 
urably to  the  dissemination  of  light  prin- 
ciples, to  the  enactment  of  good  legislation 
and  to  the  defeat  of  vicious  measures. 
Where  a  public  conscience  exists  among 
the  people,  parties  must  perforce  look  to 
tin'  morals  of  those  they  place  in  power 
and  the  hope  of  party  success  or  the  fear 
of  party  defeat  must  always  tend  to  the 
betterment  of  the  public  service  while  this 
same  party  spirit  provides  in  the  opposing 
party  an  army  of  sharp  critics  for  every 
measure  of  government  and  every  execu- 
tive act, 


CAUSES  AND  BIRTH  OF  THE  PARTY 


\T/~E  are  prune  to  believe  that  in  the  liar 
m  mony  of  our  forefathers  in  their  work 
iif  founding  the  new  Republic  the  question 
of  slavery  was  overlooked.  On  the  con- 
trary, the  question  of  slavery  of  the  blacks 
was  a  very  live  one  even  before  the  Revo- 
lution. Neither  the  unbending  conscience 
of  the  Puritans  of  New  England,  nor  the 
soft  humanity  of  the  Quakers  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, would  admit  of  the  enslavement  of 
human  beings,  no  matter  how  ignorant  or 
degraded  their  condition,  while  the  Dutch 
traders  of  New  York  soon  found  that  it 
was  more  profitable  to  sell  to  the  planters 
of  the  South  the  slaves  they  had  acquired 
than  td  endeavor  to  use  them  in  merchan- 
dising or  manufacturing  in  New  York  and 
New  Jersey. 

Thus  it  happened  that  everything  north 
of  Virginia  and  Maryland  was  free  terri- 
tory at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  The 
question  was  raised  in  the  constitutional 
convention,  but  the  statesmen  of  the  South 
stoutly  maintained  that  the  prosperity  of 
their  plantations  depended  upon  the  ••insti- 
tution." and  it  was  wisely  left  untouched 
until  the  more  important  question  of 
whether  the  colonies  were  to  found  a 
nation  or  to  become  weak  and  small  re- 
publics was  determined.  As  soon  as  this 
question  was  out  of  the  way.  the  problem 
came  up  again  when  the  duty  of  providing 
a  form  of  government  for  the  Northwest 
Territory  was  taken  up  by  Congress,  and. 
after  the  sharpest  kind  of  a  struggle,  the 
advocates  of  freedom  won.  and  the  "Or- 
dinances of  17*7"  decreed  that  the  vast 
extent  of  lands  from  which  the  great  com- 
monwealths of  Ohio,  Indiana.  Michigan, 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin  have  been  carved 
should  lie  forever  free  from  the  taint  of 
slavery. 

This  was  the  last  victory  of  the  anti- 
slavery  sentiment  until  the  great  convul- 
sion of  the  Civil  War.  Assisted  greatly 
by  the  effects  of  climate  and   the  institu- 


tion of  slavery,  the  men  of  the  South  and 
those  of  the  North  rapidly  developed  a  wide 
difference  of  habit,  of  temperament,  and  of 
ideals.  The  agriculture  of  the  North  was 
done  by  small  farmers  and  the  industry  of 
the  people  was  diversified  by  manufactur- 
ing and  active  trading.      The  Norman  and 

Huguenot   hi 1   of  the   South  showed   in 

the  development  of  a  landed  aristocracy 
that  held  in  contempt  anything  in  the 
nature  of  trade,  nor  was  the  institution  of 
slavery  conducive  to  any  other  industry 
than  that  of  tilling  the  soil  of  large  estates. 
The  education  of  the  North  tended  to  the 
development  of  the  practical  sciences:  that 
of  the  South  was  engaged  in  the  study  of 
the  classics,  the  pursuit  of  maxims  of  gov- 
ernment from  Greece,  Rome.  Constanti- 
nople, and  the  more  modern  feudatories  of 
Europe.  Agriculture,  war.  statesmanship, 
the  law  and  medicine,  were  the  only  call- 
ings deserving  the  attention  of  the  son  of 
a  Southern  planter,  and  politics  became  a 
serious  business  for  the  best  minds  of  the 
South,  while  in  the  North  it  was  some- 
times a  pastime  and  sometimes  a  reproach. 
Insensilily  the  reins  of  power  were  permit- 
ted to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  statesmen 
of  the  South,  who  were  more  carefully 
trained  in  the  science  of  government  and 
who.  though  they  were  selfish  and  am- 
bitious in  the  highest  degree,  were  too 
proud  to  ever  lay  themselves  open  to  the 
charge  of  venal  motives. 

The  ascendency  of  the  Southerners  in 
Congress  was  used  steadfastly  to  extend 
their  power.  The  voting  power  of  the 
slave-owner  was  increased  in  proportion 
to  the  slaves  he  owned.  When  Florida 
was  ceded  to  the  United  States  it  went 
unquestionably  as  slave  territory,  and 
when  Louisiana  was  purchased  slavery 
was  preserved  there.  Kentucky,  Tenn- 
essee. Alabama,  Mississippi  and  Louisiana 
were  rapidly  erected  into  states  and  en- 
larged the  slave  territory.     Practically  all 


(>F    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


the  great  political  leaders  of  both  parties 
were  from  the  South,  with  the  exception 
of  Webster,  after  the  War  of  L812.  Thus, 
while  the  slavery  question  was  fiercely  de- 
bated in  Congress  and  was  the  main  topic 
of  discussion  among  men.  by  the  strenu- 
ous efforts  of  party  leaders  it  was  either 
excluded  from  political  platforms  alto- 
gether or  gave  there  only  a  faint  reflex  of 
the  popular  agitation.  While  platforms 
were  filled  with  threats  of  war  with  En- 
gland over  the  Northwest  boundary  and 
questions  of  internal  improvements  and 
Pacific  roads,  the  Southern  statesmen 
forced  a  sudden  war  with  Mexico  and  ex- 
tended the  slave  territory  by  the  acquisi- 
tion of  Texas. 

Of  course  it  was  impossible  that  the  in- 
stitution of  slavery,  a  relic  of  <  iriental 
barbarism  and  cruelty,  should  have  with- 
stood for  many  decades  among  a  free  peo- 
ple, the  onward  march  of  civilization  and 
Christian  humanitarianism:  but  it  was  the 
emboldened  avarice  of  the  slave  power  and 
its  reckless  determination  to  trample  down 
all  opposition  to  the  extension  of  its  terri- 
tory and  influence  that  finally  precipitated 
its  fall.  When  Missouri  was  ready  for 
statehood  the  question  could  not  be  clouded 
by  other  issues,  nor  could  it  be  thrust  out 
of  politics  on  the  ground  that  it  was  a 
••purely  moral."  a  "purely  sentimental." 
or  a  "purely  local"  question.  The  long 
struggle  that  began  with  the  birth  of  the 
Republic  was  supposed  to  have  ended  in 
the  "Missouri  Compromise."  adopted  in 
1820,  by  which  the  newState  was  admitted 
with  slavery,  but  it  was  stipulated  that 
further  admissions  above  the  latitude  of 
of  36:30  should  be  as  free  States.  But  the 
statesmen  of  the  South  were  not  content 
to  let  it  rest  there.  The  treaty  with  Mex- 
ico brought  into  the  United  States  every- 
thing north  of  the  Rio  Grande  that  it  did 
not  already  possess,  and  a  tierce  struggle 
arose  over  the  status  of  the  newly  ac- 
quired territory.  Again  there  was  a  com 
promise    in    which    the    slave   power   was 


triumphant.  By  this  compromise  of  1850, 
passed  largely  through  the  efforts  of  Henry 
Clay,  acknowledged  leader  of  the  Whigs, 
a  stringent  fugitive-slave  law  was  passed 
and  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  were  given 
over  to  slavery.  All  that  the  lovers  of  fr<  e- 
dom  got  out  of  the  "compromise"  was  the 
admission  of  ( lalifornia  as  a  free  State  after 
her  people  had  repudiated  slavery  with 
practical  unanimity.  But  the  successful 
issue  of  the  Mexican  war  gave  the  Demo- 
crats an  overwhelming  majority  in  the 
next  Congress.  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
were  knocking  for  admittance  and  the 
celebrated  ■•  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill"  was 
brought  in  and  passed  in  1853,  laying 
down  the  Democratic  doctrine  of  "States' 
rights"  and  leaving  the  question  of  slavery 
in  the  new  States  to  be  determined  by  the 
States  themselves  in  forming  their  consti- 
tutions. The  debates  upon  the  bill  were 
followed  with  breathless  interest  by  the 
country  and  its  enactment  was  the  signal 
for  a  bloody  struggle.  The  slave-owners 
attempted  by  violence  what  they  could  not 
accomplish  in  peace.  Armed  resistance 
frequently  attempted  to  prevent  advocates 
of  freedom  from  settling  in  Kansas  and 
just  as  frequently  tried  to  dispossess  those 
who  had  already  settled  there,  until  -bleed 
ing  Kansas"  became  a  household  phrase 
that  aroused  the  feverish  indignation  of 
every  Northern  freeman. 

The  Whig  party  contained  many  South- 
ern men  and  its  immortal  leader  was  a 
Kentucky  orator.  It  would  not  take  up  the 
burden  of  the  struggle  and  the  only  pi  isitive 
political  force  aggressively  opposing  slav- 
ery was  Garrison's  little  hand  of  enthusi- 
asts, the  "Abolitionists."  They  aspired 
to  the  dignity  of  a  political  party  and 
became  known  first  as  the  "  Liberty  party" 
and  later  as  the  "Free-Soilers. "  but  they 
were  ahead  of  their  time  and  were  gener- 
ally looked  upon  as  a  band  of  reckless 
fanatics  who  were  willing  to  overthrow 
the  Republic  to  gain  their  end  of  liberating 


HISTORY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


the  black  slaves.  But  the  widespread  par- 
ticipation in  the  operation  of  the  "  Under- 
ground Railroad"  by  which  runaway 
slaves  were  spirited  away  into  Canada, 
the  universal  interest  displayed  in  the 
Dred  Scott  decision  and  the  burst  of  indig- 
nation with  which  it  was  received,  the 
enormous  popularity  of  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe's  polemic  novel.  "Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin."  the  reverberation  of  the  debates 
in  Congress,  and  the  repetition  of  the  news 
of  outrage  that  came  day  by  day  from 
Kansas  at  every  fireside  throughout  the 
free  States,  discovered  the  high  tension  of 
public  feeling.  And  this  excited  state  of 
public  feeling  finally  forced  the  question 
to  a  scpiare  issue  and  founded  upon  an  en- 
during basis  a  party  that  has  since  shaped 
the  politics  and  ruled  the  destinies  of  the 
greatest  republic  the  world  has  known. 

A  critical  period  of  public  excitement 
usually  brings  forth  a  multiplicity  of 
minor  political  parties.  In  the  light  of 
succeeding  history  it  seems  strange  that 
some  of  the  greatest  men  in  the  country 
and  great  numbers  of  the  people  were  un- 
able to  clearly  see  the  issue  that  must 
dominate  the  politics  of  the  time,  hut  many 
men  accounted  great  went  off  at  a  tangent 
upon  the  issues  of  temperance,  "Know- 
nothingism"  and  the  like,  but  in  nearly 
every  Northern  State  mass  meetings  of  the 
people  raised  their  voice  against  further 
aggressions  of  the  slave  power  and  during 
the  period  of  the  discussion  of  the  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska bill  the  Republican  party 
arose  to  meet  theissue.  It  assumed  differ- 
ent names  in  different  Slates  and  itsdecla- 
rations  differed  somewhat  according  to 
locality,  but  the  general  impetus  was  de- 
termined opposition  to  extension  of  the 
slave  territory  and.  later,  the  preservation 
of  the  Union.  The  new  party  uncon- 
sciously took  the  line  of  progress  and 
nationalism  in  adopting  the  view  that  the 
National  Government  had  the  right  to  limit 
the  extension  of  slavery  and  to  defend  its 
own  existence,  while  the  Democrats  applied 


their   basic    principle  of   conservatism    in 

declaring  that  slavery  was  a  purely  domes- 
tic institution,  the  regulation  of  which 
was  the  exclusive  province  of  the  State 
governments 

The  average  foreigner  has  an  impres- 
sion that  when  three  or  four  Americans 
get  together  the  first  thing  they  do  is  to 
adopt  a  written  constitution  and  then  pro- 
claim a  set  of  resolutions.  He  is  not 
entirely  right,  but  it  is  true  that  the  writ- 
ten constitution  and  the  party  "platform" 
or  resolutions  are  purely  and  characteris- 
tically American.  The  platform  is  un- 
known in  the  politics  of  other  countries 
and  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin  in 
the  United  States.  In  the  early  days  of 
the  Republic  presidential  nominations  were 
sometimes  made  by  members  of  Congress 
in  caucus  and  sometimes  by  State  legisla- 
tures. But  the  development  of  the  rail 
mad  finally  evolved  the  party  convention 
and  the  convention  soon  evolved  the  plat- 
form. The  Virginia  and  Kentucky  reso- 
lutions were  the  earliest  efforts  in  the 
nature  of  platforms.  They  were  adopted 
by  the  legislatures  of  those  States  shortly 
after  the  Constitution  went  into  effect  and 
formulated  the  Democratic  doctrine  that 
the  Federal  Government  possessed  only 
such  powers  as  were  expressly  granted  to  it 
by  the  States  in  the  Constitution  and  that 
all  powers  of  government  not  expressly 
granted  were  reserved  to  the  States.  After 
these  deliverances  parties  contended  for 
forty  years  without  any  further  declara- 
tion of  principles  than  those  contained  in 
the  speeches  of  their  leaders  in  and  out  of 
Congress.  The  national  political  conven- 
tion owed  its  origin  to  the  ••  Anti-Masonic" 
party,  one  of  these  sporadic  political 
growths  that  have  occasionally  marked 
the  politics  of  the  country.  They  held  the 
first  convention  at  Baltimore  in  Septem- 
ber, 1831,  and  nominated  candidates  for 
President  and  Vice-President.  The  Whigs 
held  their  first  convention  in  the  same 
city  in  December  of  that  year,  but  confined 


OP    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


their  efforts  to  nominating  candidates. 
In  the  following  March  the  Democrats 
held  their  first  convention,  also  at  Balti- 
more, and  likewise  adopted  no  platform. 
Three  weeks  later,  however,  on  May  11. 
L832,  they  held  a  national  gathering  at 
Washington  to  ratify  the  nominations  and 
this  meeting  adopted  three  resolutions. 
They  are  interesting  not  only  as  being 
the  hrst  platform  ever  promulgated  in  a 
national  way  hy  a  political  party,  but  be- 
cause they  enunciated  three  principles 
which  the  Democratic  party  has  consist- 
ently opposed  ever  since.  They  declared 
for  protection  and  internal  improvements 
and  denounced  the  " spoils  system  !"  This 
last  was  all  the  more  singular  from  the 
fact  that  Martin  Van  Buren,  their  candi- 
date for  Vice-President,  as  the  head  of  the 
famous  "Albany  Regency."  had  organized 
and  perfected  the  hrst  •■political  machine" 
based  upon  the  spoils  of  office  that  the 
country  had  ever  known.  These  three 
resolutions  read  thus  : 

Resolved.  That  an  adequate  protection  to  Ameri- 
can industry  is  indispensable  to  the  prosperity  of  the 
country;  and  that  an  abandonment  of  the  policy  at 
this  period  would  be  attended  with  consequences 
ruinous  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Nation. 

Resolved,  That  a  uniform  system  of  internal  im- 
provements, sustained  and  supported  by  the  General 
Government,  is  calculated  to  secure  in  the  highest 
degree,  the  harmony,  the  strength  and  permanency 
of  the  Republic. 

Resolved,  That  the  indiscriminate  removal  of 
public  officers  for  a  mere  difference  of  political  opin- 
ion is  a  gross  abuse  of  power;  and  that  the  doctrines 
lately  boldly  preached  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
that  "to  the  victors  belong  the  spoils  of  the  van- 
quished" is  detrimental  to  the  interests,  corrupting  to 
the  morals  and  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the 
country. 

In  the  next  campaign,  that  of  1836,  the 
Democrats  again  held  a  convention,  hut 
the  Whigs  reverted  to  the  old  method  of 
nominating  by  State  legislatures,  with  the 
result  that  they  had  three  candidates  for 
the  presidency  in  the  held.  Neither  party 
put  forth  a  platform,  though  the  Demo- 
crats of  the  New  York  legislature  adopted 
resolutions  setting  forth  sentiments  about 
the  inalienable  rights  of    man  that   were 


somewhat  new  at  the  time  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  hut  had  now  become 
hackneyed  platitudes.     The  agitation  over 

the  slavery  question  was  rife  during  these 
years,  hut  it  was  "kept  out  of  politics1' 
until  the  Abolitionists  called  a  convention 
in  ls.'lsat  Warsaw.  X.  Y. .  organized  them- 
selves into  the  "Liberty  party."  ami  ad- 
opted a  single  resolution  : 

That,  in  our  judgment,  every  consideration  of 
duty  ami  expediency  which  ought  to  control  the 
action  i if  ( 'hristian  freemen,  requires  of  the  Abolition- 
ists of  the  United  States  to  organize  a  distinct  and 
independent  political  party,  embracing  all  the  neces- 
sary means  for  nominating  candidates  for  office  and 
sustaining  them  by  public  suffrage. 

The  Whigs  ignored  the  issue  and  nom- 
inated William  Henry  Harrison  without 
a  platform.  They  succeeded  in  this  elec- 
tion, but  the  policy  of  dodging  there  begun 
ended  the  career  of  the  party  in  a  few 
years.  -Jackson,  by  his  destructive  fight 
upon  the  United  States  Bank,  had  created 
an  issue,  which  for  a  time  took  almost 
equal  rank  with  that  of  slavery,  and  the 
Democratic  party  endeavored  to  make  it 
the  chief  issue  of  the  campaign,  while  the 
Whigs  depended  wholly  upon  the  personal 
popularity  of  their  candidate,  General 
Harrison,  and  the  unpopularity  of  Van 
Buren  for  their  success.  The  Democratic 
convention  which  met  in  Baltimore  in 
May.  1840,  was  united  upon  its  candidate, 
Van  Buren.  but  divided  in  its  principles, 
and  the  debates  brought  forth  a  platform 
that  is  full  of  historical  interest,  not  only 
from  the  fact  that  it  was  the  first  platform 
ever  put  forth  by  a  political  convention, 
but  as  well  on  account  of  the  principles  it 
sets  forth.  The  first  resolution  declared 
briefly  the  doctrine  of  "Narrow  Construc- 
tion" or  "States  Rights."  thus: 

That  the  Federal  Government  is  one  of  limited 
powers,  derived  solely  from  the  Constitution,  and  the 
grants  of  power  shown  therein  ought  to  be  strictly 
construed  by  all  the  departments  and  agents  of  the 
government,  and  that  it  is  inexpedient  and  dangerous 
to  exercise  doubtful  constitutional  powers. 

The  second  briefly  but  emphatically 
went  hack  upon  the  declaration  of  1832  in 


10 


HISTORY    OP   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


regard  to  internal  improvements.      It  was 
as  follows  : 

That  the  Constitution  does  not  confer  upon  the 
General  Government  the  power  to  commence  and 
carry  on  a  general  system  of  internal  improvements. 

A  nother  resolution  faced  entirely  about 
upon    the    question    of   protection  in  this 

fashion  : 

That  the  Constitution  does  not  confer  authority 
upon  tlie  Federal  Government,  directly  or  indirectly, 
to  assume  the  debts  of  the  several  States,  contracted 
for  local  internal  improvements  or  other  State  pur- 
poses, nor  would  such  assumption  be  just  or  expe- 
dient. 

As  may  be  imagined,  these  principles 
were  not  adopted  without  a  great  deal  of 
friction,  and  about  the  only  point  upon 
which  there  was  anything  like  unanimity 
was  a  resolution  denying  the  power  of  Con- 
gress to  charter  the  United  States  Bank. 
The  question  of  slavery  could  not  be  kept 
out  of  the  convention.  The  Abolitionists 
had  held  a  convention  two  years  before  at 
Warsaw,  and  another  a  mouth  before  at 
Albany,  and,  weak  little  band  of  enthusi- 
asts though  they  were,  the  proud  slave 
barons  of  the  South  could  not  suffer  the 
defiance  thus  flung  in  their  teeth  without 
retort.  The  Democrats  of  the  North  were 
by  no  means  unanimous  in  favor  of  slavery 
.u id  it  was  only  the  lash  of  the  party  whip 
that  held  them  in  line  and  luade  them  sub- 
mit to  the  following  resolution  : 

That  Congress  has  no  power  under  the  Constitu- 
tion to  interfere  with  or  control  the  domestic  insti- 
tutions of  the  several  States,  and  that  such  States 
are  the  sole  and  proper  judges  of  everything  per- 
taining to  their  own  affairs,  not  prohibited  by  the 
Constitution ;  that  all  efforts  by  Abolitionists,  or 
others,  made  to  induce  Congress  to  interfere  with 
questions  of  slavery,  or  to  take  incipient  steps  in 
relation  thereto,  are  calculated  to  lead  to  the  most 
alarming  and  dangerous  consequences,  and  that  all 
such  efforts  have  an  inevitable  tendency  to  diminish 
tha  happiness  of  the  people  and  endanger  the  sta- 
bility and  permanence  of  the  Union,  and  ought  not 
to  bi  countenanced  by  any  friend  to  our  political 
institutions. 

Martin  Van  Buren,  so  strictly  opposed 
to  slavery  that  he  afterwards  headed  the 
bolting  '•Barn  Burners"  of  New  York, 
and  accepted    a    nomination  of  the  Free- 


Soil  party,  submitted  to  this  resolution  as 
the  price  of  a  nomination  for  the  Presi- 
dency. 

In  the  preparation  for  the  campaign  of 
1844  the  Abolitionists  were  again  the  first 
in  the  field.  The  miserably  small  vote 
they  had  polled  in  1840  had  not  discour- 
aged them.  Their  convention  was  held 
at  Buffalo,  X.  Y.,  in  August  of  1843,  and 
a  long  platform  was  adopted,  of  which  the 
following  resolutions  are  of  peculiar  inter- 
est as  bearing  upon  the  history  of  slavery 
in  the  United  States 

That  it  was  understood  in  the  times  of  the  Dec- 
laration and  the  Constitution  that  the  existence  of 
slavery  in  some  of  the  States  was  in  derogation  of 
the  principles  of  American  liberty,  and  a  deep  stain 
upon  the  character  of  the  country,  and  the  implied 
faith  of  the  States  and  the  Nation  was  pledged  tliat 
slavery  should  never  be  extended  beyond  its  then 
existing  limits,  but  should  be  gradually,  and  yet,  at 
no  distant  day,  wholly  abolished  by  State  authority. 
That  the  faith  of  the  States  and  the  Nation  thus 
pledged  was  most  nobly  redeemed  by  the  voluntary 
abolition  of  slavery  in  several  of  the  States,  and  by 
the  adoption  of  the  ordinance  of  17*7  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  territory  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio, 
then  the  only  Territory  in  the  United  States,  and 
consequently  the  only  Territory  subject  in  this  respect 
to  the  control  of  Congress,  by  which  ordinance  slav- 
ery was  forever  excluded  from  the  vast  regions 
which  now  compose  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana.  Il- 
linois, Michigan  and  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and 
an  incapacity  to  bear  up  any  other  than  freemen 
was  impressed  on  the  soil  itself. 

That  the  faith  of  the  States  and  the  Nation  thus 
pledged  has  been  shamefully  violated  by  the  omis- 
sion, on  the  part  of  many  of  the  States,  to  take  any 
measures  whatever  for  the  abolition  of  slavery  with- 
in their  respective  limits ;  by  the  continuance  of 
slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  in  the  Terri- 
tories of  Louisiana  and  Florida ;  by  the  legislation  of 
Congress  ;  by  the  protection  afforded  by  National 
legislation  and  negotiating  of  slave- holding  in  Amer- 
ican vessels  on  the  high  seas,  employed  in  the  coast- 
wise slave  traffic  ;  and  by  the  extension  of  slavery 
far  beyond  its  original  limits  by  acts  of  Congress  ad- 
mitting new  slave  States  into  the  Union. 

That  the  fundamental  truths  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  that  all  men  are  endowed  by  theii 
Creator  with  certain  inalienable  rights,  among  which 
are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness,  was 
made  the  fundamental  law  of  our  National  Govern- 
ment by  that  amendment  of  the  Constitution,  which 
declares  that  no  person  shall  be  deprived  of  life,  lib- 
erty or  property  without  due  process  of  law. 

That  we  recognize  as  sound  the  doctrine  main- 
tained by  slave-holding  jurists,  that  slavery  is  against 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


11 


natural  rights,  and  strictly  local,  and  that  its  exist- 
ence and  continuance  rests  on  no  other  support  than 
State  legislation,  and  not  on  any  authority  of  Con- 
gress. 

That  the  General  Government  has,  under  the 
Constitution,  no  power  to  establish  or  continue 
slavery  anywhere,  and  therefore  that  all  treaties  and 
acts  of  Congress  establishing,  continuing  or  favoring 
slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  Territory 
of  Florida,  or  on  the  high  seas,  are  unconstitutional, 
and  all  attempts  to  hold  men  as  property  within  the 
limits  of  exclusive  National  jurisdiction  ought  to  be 
prohibited  by  law. 

That  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  which  confer  extraordinary  political 
powers  on  the  owners  of  slaves,  and  thereby  consti- 
tuting the  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  slave- 
holders in  the  slave  States  a  privileged  aristocracy ; 
and  the  provisions  for  the  reclamation  of  fugitive 
slaves  from  service,  are  anti-republican  in  their  char- 
acter, dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the  people,  and 
ought  to  be  abrogated. 

That  the  practical  operation  of  the  second  of 
these  provisions  is  seen  in  the  enactment  of  the  act 
of  Congress  respecting  persons  escaping  from  their 
masters,  which  act,  if  the  construction  given  to  it  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  the  case 
of  Prigg  r.s.  Pennsylvania  be  correct,  nullifies  the 
habeas  corpus  acts  of  all  the  States,  takes  away  the 
whole  legal  security  of  personal  freedom,  and  ought, 
therefore,  to  be  immediately  repealed. 

The  historical  truth  of  this  platform 
was  recognized  by  a  largely  increased 
vote.  The  Democrats  adopted  a  platform 
in  which  they  simply  reaffirmed  that  of 
1840,  and  brought  in  the  question  of  the 
Oregon  or  Northwestern  boundary  line, 
upon  which  they  made  the  great  issue  of 
the  campaign  and  elected  Polk.  The 
Whigs  adopted  their  first  platform,  which 
was  brief  and  meaningless,  comprised  in 
the  following  resolution : 

That  these  principles  may  be  summed  as  com- 
prising a  well  regulated  National  currency;  a  tariff 
for  revenue  to  defray  the  necessary  expenses  of  the 
Government,  and  discriminating  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  protection  of  the  domestic  labor  of  the 
country;  the  distribution  of  the  proceeds  from  the 
sales  of  the  public  lands;  a  single  term  for  the  Presi- 
dency; a  reform  of  executive  usurpations;  and  gen- 
erally such  an  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
country  as  shall  impart  to  every  branch  of  the  public 
service  the  greatest  practical  efficiency,  controlled 
by  a  well  regulated  and  wise  economy. 

Polk,  the  Democratic  nominee,  was 
elected  over  Henry  Clav,  the  idol  of  the 


Whigs.  By  the  time  the  next  cam- 
paign, that  of  1848,  came  about,  the  Lib- 
erty party  had  dissolved  and  had  coalesced 
with  those  New  England  Democrats  op- 
posed to  slavery.  The  new  combination 
called  itself  the  Free-Soil  party  and  its 
demands  were  modified  from  an  attempt 
to  overthrow  slavery  to  an  effort  to  con- 
fine it  to  its  then  borders.  The  Democratic 
convention  again  reaffirmed  the  platform 
of  1840  and  put  in  a  lot  of  meaningless 
matter  about  the  war  with  Mexico  and 
self-congratulation  upon  the  administra- 
tion of  Polk.  The  Whigs  nominated  Gen. 
Taylor,  the  hero  of  the  Mexican  War,  and 
confined  their  platform  to  an  argument 
that  Taylor  was  really  a  Whig.  The 
Free-Soil  convention  was  the  last  of  the 
three  held,  and  while  its  platform  covered 
much  of  the  same  historical  ground  as 
that  of  the  Liberty  party  four  years  before 
the  gist  of  its  platform  was  contained  in 
the  eighth  resolution  adopted,  as  follows: 

That  we  accept  the  issue  which  the  slave  power 
has  forced  upon  us ;  and  to  their  demand  for  more 
slave  States  and  more  slave  territory,  our  calm  but 
final  answer  is;  No  more  slave  States  and  no  more 
slave  territory.  Let  the  soil  of  our  extensive  domain 
be  kept  free  for  the  hardy  pioneers  of  our  own  laud, 
and  the  oppressed  and  banished  of  other  lands,  seek- 
ing homes  of  comfort  and  fields  of  enterprise  in  the 
new  world. 

Its  view  of  the  compromise  legislation, 
then  under  discussion  in  Congress,  was 
contained  in  the  following  : 

That  the  bill  lately  reported  by  the  committee 
of  eight  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  was  no 
compromise,  but  an  absolute  surrender  of  the  rights 
of  the  non-slave  holders  of  the  States;  and  while  we 
rejoice  to  know  that  a  measure  which,  while  opening 
the  door  for  the  introduction  of  slavery  into  the  Ter- 
ritories now  free,  would  also  have  opened  the  door  to 
litigation  and  strife  among  the  future  inhabitants 
thereof,  to  the  ruin  of  their  peace  and  prosperity, 
was  defeated  in  the  House  of  Representatives  ;  its 
passage  in  hot  haste  by  a  majority  of  the  Senate, 
embracing  several  Senators  who  voted  in  open  viola- 
tion of  the  known  will  of  their  constituents,  should 
warn  the  people  to  see  to  it  that  their  representatives 
be  not  suffered  to  betray  them.  There  must  be  no 
more  compromises  with  slavery;  if  made  they  must 
be  repealed. 


12 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


While  the  Whigs  won  and  held  the 
Presidency  during  the  next  four  years, 
the  Democrats  had  a  majority  in  both 
branches  of  Congress,  and  the  slavery  de- 
bates were  very  fierce,  ending  in  the  en- 
actment of  a  whole  series  of  laws,  includ- 
ing the  freedom  of  California  and  the 
Fugitive  Slave  Law.  The  Democratic 
platform  was  the  first  in  the  field  in  1852, 
and  the  party's  position  on  the  slavery  ques- 
tion was  covered  by  these  resolutions  : 

That  Congress  lias  no  power,  under  the  Constitu- 
tion, to  interfere  with  or  control  tha  domestic  insti- 
tutions of  the  several  States,  and  that  such  States  are 
the  sole  and  proper  judges  of  everything  appertaining 
to  their  own  affairs  not  prohibited  by  the  Constitu- 
tion; that  all  efforts  of  the  Abolitionists  or  others 
made  to  induce  Congress  to  interfere  with  questions 
of  slavery,  or  to  take  incipient  steps  in  relation 
thereto,  are  calculated  to  lead  to  the  most  alarming 
and  dangerous  consequences,  and  that  all  such  efforts 
have  an  inevitable  tendency  to  diminish  the  happi- 
ness of  the  people  and  endanger  the  stability  and 
permanency  of  the  Union,  and  ought  not  to  be  coun- 
tenanced by  any  friend  of  our  political  institutions. 

That  the  foregoing  proposition  covers,  and  is  in- 
tended to  embrace,  the  whole  subject  of  slavery 
agitation  in  Congress,  and.  therefore,  the  Democratic 
party  of  the  Union,  standing  on  this  National  plat- 
form, will  abide  by  and  adhere  to  a  faithful  execution 
of  the  acts  known  as  the  Compromise  measures 
settled  by  last  Congress— •■  the  act  for  reclaiming 
fugitives  from  service  labor"  included,  -which  act, 
being  designed  to  carry  out  an  express  provision  of 
the  Constitution,  cannot,  with  fidelity  thereto,  be 
repealed  nor  so  changed  as  to  destroy  or  impair  its 
efficiency. 

That  the  Democratic  party  will  resist  all  attempts 
at  renewing  in  Congress,  or  out  of  it,  the  agitation  of 
the  slavery  question  under  whatever  shape  or  color 
the  attempt  may  be  made. 

The  Whigs  followed  two  weeks  later 
and  accepted  the  situation  in  this  resolu- 
tion : 

That  the  series  of  acts  of  the  Thirty-second 
Congress,  the  act  known  as  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law 
included,  are  received  and  acquiesced  in  by  the  Whig 
party  of  the  United  States  as  a  settlement  in  prin- 
ciple and  substance  of  the  dangerous  and  exciting 
questions  which  they  embrace,  and  so  far  as  they  are 
concerned  we  will  maintain  them  and  insist  upon 
their  strict  enforcement  until  time  and  experience 
shall  demonstrate  the  necessity  for  further  legislation 
to  guard  against  the  evasion  of  the  laws  on  the  one 
hand  and  the  abuse  of  their  powers  on  the  other,  not 
impairing  their  present  efficiency;  and  we  deprecate 
all  further  agitation  of  the  question  thus  settled  as 


dangerous  to  our  peace,  and  will  discountenanco  all 
elforts  to  continue  or  renew  such  agitation  whenever, 
wherever  or  however  the  attempt  may  be  made,  and 
we  will  maintain  the  system  as  essential  to  the  Na- 
tionality of  the  Whig  party  and  the  integrity  of  the 
Union. 

The  Free-Soil  party  met  in  Pittsburg 
ia  August,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting 
features  of  its  gathering  was  the  nomina- 
tion for  the  Vice-Presidency  of  Geo.  W. 
Julian,  of  Indiana,  who  afterwards  be- 
came a  famous  leader  of  the  Republican 
part}'.  While  a  general  platform  was 
adopted,  the  interesting  portion  of  it  was 
comprised  in  the  resolutions  adopted  on 
slavery  as  follows : 

Thr.t  to  the  persevering  and  importunate  de- 
mands of  the  slave  power  for  more  slave  States,  new 
slave  Territories,  and  the  nationalization  of  slavery, 
our  distinct  and  final  answer  is  :  No  more  slave 
States,  no  slave  Territory,  no  nationalized  slavery, 
and  no  National  legislation  for  the  extradition  of 
slaves.  That  slavery  is  a  sin  against  God  and  a 
crime  against  man.  which  no  human  enactment  nor 
usage  can  make  right,  and  that  Christianity,  human- 
ity and  patriotism  alike,  demand  its  abolition. 

That  the  Fugitive  Slave  Act  of  1850  is  repugnant 
to  the  Constitution,  to  the  principles  of  the  common 
law.  to  the  spirit  of  Christianity,  and  to  the  senti- 
ments of  the  civilized  world;  we,  therefore,  deny  its 
binding  force  on  the  American  people,  and  demand 
its  immediate  and  total  repeal. 

That  the  doctrine  that  any  human  law  is  a  final- 
ity, and  not  subject  to  modification  or  repeal,  is  not 
in  accordance  with  the  creed  of  the  founders  of  our 
Government  and  is  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  the 
people. 

That  the  Acts  of  Congress  known  as  the  Com- 
promise measures  of  1850,  by  making  the  admission 
of  a  sovereign  State  contingent  upon  the  adoption  of 
other  measures  demanded  by  the  special  interests  of 
slavery;  by  their  omission  to  guarantee  freedom  in 
the  free  Territories;  by  their  attempt  to  impose  un- 
constitutional limitations  on  the  powers  of  Congress 
and  the  people  to  admit  new  States;  by  their  provi- 
sions for  the  assumption  of  five  millions  of  the  State 
debt  of  Texas,  and  for  the  payment  of  five  millions 
more,  and  the  cession  of  large  territory  to  the  same 
State  under  menace,  as  an  inducement  to  their  relin- 
quishment of  a  groundless  claim;  and  by  their  inva- 
sion of  the  sovereignty  of  the  States  and  the  liberties 
of  the  people,  through  the  enactment  of  an  unjust, 
oppressive  and  unconstitutional  Fugitive  Slave  law, 
arc  proved  to  be  inconsistent  with  all  the  principles 
and  maxims  of  democracy,  and  wholly  inadequate 
to  the  settlement  of  the  questions  of  which  they  are 
claimed  to  be  an  adjustment. 

That  no  permanent  settlement  of  the  slavery 
question  can  be  looked  for  except  in  the  practical 


OF    THE    STATE    OK    INDIANA. 


L3 


recognition  of  the  truth  that  slavery  is  sectional  and 
freedom  national;  by  the  total  separation  of  the 
General  Government  from  slavery,  anil  the  exercise 
of  its  legitimate  and  constitutional  influence  on  the 
side  of  freedom,  and  by  leaving  to  the  States  the 
whole  subject  of  slavery  and  the  extradition  of  fugi- 
tives from  service. 

While  the  Free  Soilers  increased  their 
popular  vote,  they  did  not  win  any  of  the 

electoral  votes.  The  Whig  party,  stand- 
ing for  nothing  in  particular,  was  badly 
defeated  and  practically  went  out  of  exist- 
ence during  the  next  four  years  because  it 
was  unable  to  meet  tbe  great  issue  that 
now  tilled  everyone's  mind.  Its  conven- 
tion in  1856  was  a  miserable  little  gather- 
ing in  Baltimore,  which  simply  reaffirmed 
the  nominations  of  the  "American  Party." 
This  organization  was  a  peculiar  sporadic 
growth  in  American  politics,  and  can  be 
likened  only  to  the  foolish  Anti-Masonic 
party  that  arose  in  1832.  The  American 
party  was  a  secret  organization  whose  only 
bond  of  opinion  was  opposition  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church.  All  its  meetings 
were  held  in  secret,  and  it  caused  not  a 
little  terror  from  the  fact  that  nobody 
knew  who  might  be  members  of  the  organ- 
ization. 

The  great  event  of  this  period  was  the 
formation  of  the  Republican  party.  No 
sooner  had  the  Democrats  acquired  their 
sweeping  victory  of  1S52,  giving  them  no1 
only  the  presidency  but  a  heavy  majority 
in  both  branches  of  Congress,  than  they 
proceeded  to  tear  down  such  of  the  com- 
promise legislation  of  L850  as  did  not 
suit  the  purpose  of  the  slave  holders. 
The  infamous  Kansas-Nebraska  hill  was 
brought  in  and  passed  in  ls."U  after  long 
and  tierce  debates  that  were  re-echoed  at 
every  fireside  throughout  the  country. 
During  this  period  of  seething  political 
excitement,  large  numbers  of  the  Demo- 
crats throughout  the  north  left  their  party, 
while  it  gained  many  accessions  from  the 
Whigs,  who  found  their  own  party  organ- 
ization rapidly  going  to  pieces,  after  the 
deaths  of  Clav  and  Webster  in  is;,;.',     in 


almost  every  State  there  were  mass  meet 
ings  to  discuss  the    Kansas -Nebraska   bill 
anil  efforts  to  form   a  new  party,  and  this 
new  party  went  under  various   names   in 
various  States. 

The  first  formal  movement  toward  the 
creation  of  a  new  party  to  take  the  Repub- 
lican name  was  made  in  Wisconsin.  At 
a  meeting  in  Ripon,  in  that  State,  on  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1854,  composed  of  Whigs.  Dem- 
ocrats and  Free  Soilers.  steps  were  taken 
to  drop  all  issues  except  that  of  slavery, 
and  to  unite  on  the  single  question  of 
opposition  to  that  institution's  extension 
into  the  Territories.  Alvan  E.  Bovay,  one 
of  the  leading  spirits  of  that  gathering, 
proposed  that  the  new  party  should  call 
itself  Republican.  This  was  five  days  be- 
fore the  passage  of  the  Kansas-Nebraska 
bill  in  the  Senate,  and  almost  three  months 
before  its  passage  in  the  House,  but  when 
its  enactment  was  seen  to  be  inevitable. 
Michigan,  at  a  State  convention  held  on 
July  c.  1854,  adopted  a  Republican  plat- 
form and  nominated  a  Republican  State 
ticket,  the  first  State  to  take  such  action. 
Wisconsin  and  Vermont  were  among  the 
States  which  held  State  conventions  a  week 
later,  on  July  13,  the  anniversary  of  the 
adoption  of  the  ordinance  of  17S7,  which 
gave  all  the  region  north  of  the  Ohio  up 
to  freedom,  but  these  were  the  only  States 
which  formed  a  new  party  with  the  Re- 
publican name  at  that  time.  Massachu- 
setts followed  this  lead  in  a  convention 
which  met  onSeptember  7.  and  New  York 
did  likewise  in  a  convention  which  opened 
on  September  26.  Other  Northern  States 
held  anti-slavery  conventions  in  ls;,r.  but 
these  were  the  only  States  which  formally 
started  a  new  party  bearing  the  Republi- 
can name  in  that  year.  The  rest  of  the 
Free  States  fell  into  line  in    L855  or  1856. 

In  February.  1856,  the  Republicans 
held  a  convention  in  Pittsburg  to  decide 
upon  a  plan  of  organization  and  by  June 
the  parts'  was  well  enough  organized 
throughout   the   North  to  hold   a  national 


14 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


convention.  This  met  at  Philadelphia, 
June  17,  1856,  and  nominated  for  Presi- 
dent Gen.  John  C.  Fremont,  the  '-Path 
Finder,"  who,  through  his  conquest  of 
California,  during  the  Mexican  War,  had 
become  a  popular  hero.  The  meeting  was 
presided  over  by  Henry  S.  Lane,  of  Indi- 
ana, who  was  recognized  from  the  first  as 
one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  new  party. 
The  platform  adopted  by  this  first  conven- 
tion is  worthy  of  repetition  in  full.  It  was 
as  follows : 

This  convention  of  delegates  assembled  in  pursu- 
ance of  a  call  addressed  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  without  regard  to  past  political  differences  or 
divisions,  who  are  opposed  to  the  repeal  of  the  Mis- 
souri Compromise,  to  the  policy  of  the  present  ad- 
ministration, to  the  extension  of  slavery  into  free 
territory,  in  favor  of  admitting  Kansas  as  a  free 
State,  of  restoring  the  action  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment to  the  principles  of  Washington  and  Jeff  erson, 
and  who  purpose  to  unite  in  presenting  candidates 
for  the  offices  of  President  and  Vice-President,  do 
resolve  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  the  maintenance  of  the  principles 
promulgated  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and 
embodied  in  the  Federal  Constitution  is  essential  to 
the  preservation  of  our  republican  institutions,  and 
that  the  Federal  Constitution,  the  rights  of  the 
States,  and  the  Union  of  the  States,  shall  be  pre- 
served. 

Resolved,  That,  with  our  republican  fathers,  we 
hold  it  to  be  a  self-evident  truth  that  all  men  are  en- 
dowed with  the  inalienable  rights  to  life,  liberty  and 
the  pursuit  of  happiness,  and  that  the  primary  object 
and  ulterior  design  of  our  Federal  Government  were 
to  secure  these  rights  to  all  persons  within  its  exclu- 
sive jurisdiction;  that,  as  our  republican  fathers, 
when  they  had  abolished  slavery  in  all  our  National 
territory,  ordained  that  no  person  should  be  deprived 
of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of 
law,  it  becomes  our  duty  to  maintain  this  provision 
of  the  Constitution  against  all  attempts  to  violate  it 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  slavery  in  the  United 
States  by  positive  legislation  prohibiting  its  existence 
or  extension  therein ;  that  we  deny  the  authority  of 
Congress,  of  a  Territorial  legislature,  of  any  individ- 
ual or  association  of  individuals,  to  give  legal  exist- 
ence to  slavery  in  any  Territory  of  the  United  States 
while  the  present  Constitution  shall  be  maintained. 

Resolved,  That  the  Constitution  confers  upon 
Congress  sovereign  power  over  the  Territories  of  the 
United  States  for  their  government,  and  that  in  the 
exercise  of  this  power  it  is  both  the  right  and  the 
duty  of  Congress  to  prohibit  in  the  Territories  those 
twin  relics  of  barbarism,  polygamy  and  slavery. 

Resolved,  That  while  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  was  ordained  and  established  by  the 


people  "  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union,  es- 
tablish justice,  insure  domestic  tranquility,  provide 
for  the  common  defense,  promote  the  general  wel- 
fare, and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty,"  and  con- 
tains ample  provision  for  the  protection  of  life,  liberty 
and  property  of  every  citizen,  the  dearest  constitu- 
tional rights  of  the  people  of  Kansas  have  been 
fraudulently  and  violently  taken  from  them;  their 
Territory  has  been  invaded  by  an  armed  force;  spu- 
rious and  pretended  legislative,  judicial  and  executive 
officers  have  been  set  over  them,  by  whose  usurped 
authority,  sustained  by  the  military  power  of  the 
Government,  tyrannical  and  unconstitutional  laws 
have  been  enacted  and  enforced;  the  right  of  the 
people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  has  been  infringed; 
test  oaths  of  an  extraordinary  and  entangling  na- 
ture have  been  imposed  as  a  condition  of  exercising 
the  right  of  suffrage  and  holding  office;  the  right  of 
an  accused  person  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial  by  an 
impartial  jury  has  been  denied ;  the  right  of  the  peo- 
ple to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and 
effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures, 
has  been  violated;  they  have  been  deprived  of  life, 
liberty  and  property  without  due  process  of  law; 
that  the  freedom  of  speech  and  of  the  press  has  been 
abridged;  the  right  to  choose  their  representatives 
has  been  made  of  no  effect;  murders,  robberies  and 
arsons  have  been  instigated  and  encouraged,  and  the 
offenders  have  been  allowed  to  go  unpunished;  that 
all  these  things  have  been  done  with  the  knowledge, 
sanction  and  procurement  of  the  present  administra- 
tion, and  that  for  this  high  crime  against  the  Consti- 
tution, the  Union  and  humanity,  we  arraign  the  Ad- 
ministration, the  President,  his  advisers,  agents, 
supporters,  apologists  and  accessories,  either  before 
or  after  the  fact,  before  the  country  and  before  the 
world;  and  that  it  is  our  fixed  purpose  to  bring  the 
actual  perpetrators  of  these  atrocious  outrages  and 
their  accomplices  to  a  sure  and  condign  punishment 
hereafter. 

Resolved,  That  Kansas  should  be  immediately 
admitted  as  a  State  of  the  Union  with  her  present 
free  Constitution,  as  at  once  the  most  effectual  way 
of  securing  to  her  citizens  the  enjoyment  of  the 
rights  and  privileges  to  which  they  are  entitled,  and 
of  ending  the  civil  strife  now  raging  in  her  Territory. 

Resolved.  The  highwayman's  plea,  that  "might 
makes  right,"  embodied  in  the  Ostend  circular,  was 
in  every  respect  unworthy  of  American  diplomacy, 
and  would  bring  shame  and  dishonor  upon  any  gov- 
ernment or  people  that  gave  it  their  sanction. 

Resolved,  That  a  railroad  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  by 
the  most  central  and  practicable  route  is  impera- 
tively demanded  by  the  interests  of  the  whole  country, 
and  that  the  Federal  Government  ought  to  render 
immediate  and  efficient  aid  in  its  construction  of  an 
emigrant  route  on  the  line  of  the  railroad. 

Resolved,  That  appropriations  by  Congress  for 
the  improvement  of  rivers  and  harbors  of  a  National 
character  required  for  the  accommodation  and  se- 
curity of  our  existing  commerce,  are  authorized  by 
the  Constitution   and  justified  by  the  obligation  of 


<>K    THK    STATE    <»F    INDIANA. 


15 


government  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  its 
citizens. 

Resolved,  That  we  invite  the  affiliation  and  co- 
operation of  freemen  of  all  parties,  however  differing 
from  us  in  other  respects,  in  support  of  the  principles 
herein  declared;  and.  believing  that  the  spirit  of  our 
institutions,  as  well  as  the  Constitution  of  our  coun" 
try,  guarantees  liberty  of  conscience  and  equality  of 
rights  among  citizens,  we  oppose  all  legislation  im- 
pairing their  security. 

That  this  platform  reached  the  heart 
of  the  people  was  shown  by  the  tremendous 
vote  polled  by  the  party.  While  the  Dem- 
ocrats won,  the  Republicans  polled  over  a 
million  votes  and  got  114  of  the  electoral 
votes,  while  they  elected  twenty  Senators 
and  ninety-two  members  of  the  House. 
Two  years  later  they  acquired  two  more 
Senators  and  113  Representatives,  which 
gave  them  a  plurality  in  the  House.  In 
I860  came  the  memorable  split  in  the 
Democratic  party,  one  faction  nominating 
Douglas,  another  Breckenridge,  and  an- 
other Bell.  The  Republicans  nominated 
Abraham  Lincoln  and  won  with  a  clear 
majority  of  the  electoral  college.  The 
Republican    platform  reiterated  the  prin- 


ciples enunciated  in  IS56  with  some  new- 
resolutions  along  the  same  lines.  The 
regular  Democratic  convention  met  at 
Charleston.  S.  t'..  in  April,  I860.  After 
a  stormy  session,  in  which  fifty-seven  bal- 
lots were  taken,  it  adjourned  without 
making  nominations  or  adopting  a  plat- 
form. The  followers  of  -John  Bell  met  in 
Baltimore  in  May.  They  called  themselves 
the  Constitutional  Union  party  and  de- 
clared in  favor  of  the  preservation  of  the 
Union,  without  setting  forth  any  definite 
principles  on  the  subject  of  slavery.  The 
other  faction  of  the  party  met  in  Baltimore 
on  June  11  and  there  split  in  two,  one 
faction  holding  the  fort  and  nominating 
John  C.  Breckenridge.  of  Kentucky.  The 
other  faction  seceded  on  June  IS  and  nom- 
inated Stephen  A.  Douglas.  The  plat- 
forms were  practically  the  same,  upholding 
the  Fugitive  Slave  law.  The  consequences 
of  the  election  of  L860  are  familiar  to  every 
one.  The  work  of  secession  began  shortly 
after  the  inauguration  of  Lincoln  and  the 
Civil  War  followed. 


BEGINNINGS  I.N  INDIANA. 


rpHE  division  of  public  sentiment  on  the 
1  slavery  question  thai  gave  rise  to  the 
Republican  party  was  no  new  thing  in 
[ndiana.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  this  State 
had  been  the  battle  ground  of  slavery  and 
anti-slavery  sentiment  from  the  very  pe- 
riod  that  it  came  into  possession  of  the 
United  States.  Slavery  had  been  an  in- 
stitution of  the  whole  Northwest  territory 
under  the  French  rule.  and.  though  the 
settlements  were  very  few.  nearly  all  of 
them  had  slaves.  The  institution  contin- 
ued under  the  rule  of  the  British,  and 
slaves  were  still  held  in  Indiana  Territory 
even  after  the  passage  of  the  ordinances 
of  1787,  containing  the  clause  prohibiting 
slavery  over  the  Territory.  The  settlers 
that  came  into  the  new  Territory  were  for 
the  most  part  from  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky. Some  of  them  brought  with  them 
slaves,  while  nearly  all  of  them  brought 
the  Virginian  and  Kentuckian  notions  of 
the  "institution."  The  names  of  "Fed- 
eralist" and  '-Anti-Federalist."  that  di- 
vided parties  in  the  older  States  immedi- 
ately after  the  adoption  of  the  constitution. 
were  practically  unknown  in  Indiana,  nor 
did  the  people  here  follow  the  later  divi- 
sion of  ••Democrats"  and  "National  Re- 
publicans." Tlie  factions  were  known  as 
the  Slavery  and  Anti-Slavery  parties. 
Gen.  William  Henry  Harrison,  himself, 
as  the  first  Governor  of  the  Territory,  was 
the  leader  of  the  slavery  faction,  and. 
during  the  long  period  of  his  governor- 
ship, from  L800  to  1813,  he  never  ceased 
in  his  efforts  to  have  Congress  repeal  the 
clause  of  the  ordinance  of  17s;.  forbid- 
ing  slavery  in  the  Territory.  The  spirit 
of  opposition  to  him  among  the  hardy 
pioneers  of  the  Territory  became  on  this 
account  exceedingly  hitter,  and  it  was 
only  the  brilliance  of  his  victories  over 
the  British  and  Indians  in  the  War  of 
L812  that  kept  this  opposition  from  over- 
whelming him.     Even  as  it  was  the  party 


spirit  grew  extremely  hitter,  and  two  of 
Geu.  Harrison's  own  appointees.  Win. 
Mcintosh,  the  Territorial  Treasurer,  and 
John  Rice  Jones,  the  Attorney -General, 
joining  in  the  opposition,  assailed  him  so 
bitterly  that  Gen.  Harrison  finally  Hied  a 
libel  suit  and  obtained  a  judgment  of 
84,000  against  Mcintosh.  When  Gen. 
Thomas  Posey  succeeded  Harrison  as  Ter- 
ritorial Governor,  in  1813,  his  whole  effort 
was  directed  toward  reducing  the  partisan 
strife  in  the  Territory  and  bring  about 
something  like  harmony.  He  accepted 
the  ordinance  of  1787  as  it  stood,  and 
advised  the  people  to  acquiesce  in  it.  The 
effect  of  his  policy  is  noted  in  a  resolution 
addressed  to  him  by  the  legislature  in  re- 
sponse to  his  message,  in  1815.  in  which 
occurred  this  sentence: 

During  your  administration  many  evils  have 
been  remedied,  ami  we  particularly  admire  the  calm, 
dispassionate,  impartial  conduct  which  lias  produced 
the  salutary  effects  of  quieting  the  violence  of  party 
spirit,  harmonizing  the  interests  as  well  as  the  feel- 
ings of  tha  different  [parties  of  the  Territory,  Under 
your  auspices  we  have  beuome  one  people. 

In  L816  Congress  passed  an  enabling 
act  preparatory  to  the  admission  of  Indi- 
ana into  the  Union  as  a  State.  In  the 
election  for  Governor  which  followed.  Gov- 
ernor Posey  was  a  candidate  against  .Jon- 
athan Jennings  who  had  served  as  the 
Territorial  Delegate  in  Congress.  .Jen- 
nings was  successful  and  served  as  Gov- 
ernor six  years.  The  delegates  elected 
at  the  same  time  framed  a  constitution 
in  which  slavery  was  forbidden,  hut  this 
did  not  by  any  means  end  the  slavery 
agitation  in  the  State.  Indiana  was  con- 
venient territory  for  the  escape  of  fugitive 
slaves,  and  both  the  advocates  of  slavery 
and  those  of  freedom  took  advantage  of 
this  fact — the  latter  for  facilitating  the 
escape  of  fugitive  slaves  and  the  former  for 
the  purpose  of  seizing  free  negroes  under 
pretense  of  their  being  fugitives  and  car- 
rying them  off  into  bondage.      In  his  first 


OF    THE    STATE    <  >F    INDIANA. 


message  to  the  legislature.  Governor  Jen- 
nings said: 

I  recommend  to  your  consideration  the  pro- 
priety of  providing  by  law.  to  prevent  more  effectually 

any  unlawful  attempts  to  -eizo  ami  carry  into  bond- 
age persons  of  color,  legally  entitled  to  their  freedom  ; 
and.  at  the  same  time,  as  tar  as  practicable,  to  pre- 
vent those  who  rightfully  owe  service  to  tin-  citizens 
of  any  other  State  or  Territory  from  seeking  within 
the  limits  of  this  State  a  refuge  from  the  possession 
of  their  lawful  owners.  Such  a  measure  will  tend 
to  secure  those  who  are  free  from  any  unlawful 
attempts  (to  enslave  them)  and  secure  the  rights  of 
tin-  citizens  of  the  other  States  and  Territories  a-  far 
as  ought  reasonably  lie  respected. 

In  1817  Gov.  Jennings  transmitted  1" 

the  legislature  a  letter  from  the  Governor 
of  Kentucky,  complaining  that  fugitive 
slaves  were  beiug  harbored  and  concealed 
by  citizens  of  Indiana  and  protesting  bit- 
terly against  this  practice,  together  with 
his  own  courteous  reply.  The  matter  was 
referred  to  a  legislative  committee,  which 
made  a  lengthy  report  in  part  as  follows: 

On  the  subject  of  the  difficulties  --aid  to  be  expe- 
rienced by  the  citizens  of  Kentucky  in  regaining 
their  fugitive  slaves,  your  committee  are  of  tie- 
opinion  that  the  feelings  of  His  Excellency,  as  well 
asof  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  have  been  governed 
in  a  great  degree  by  the  improper  representations  of 
individual--  who  have  been  disappointed  in  their 
attempts  to  carry  away  those  whom  they  claim 
as  -laves  from  this  State,  without  complying  with 
the  preliminary  steps  required  by  law.  together  with 
the  groundless  assertions  of  unprincipled  individuals 
who  have  attempted,  in  many  instances,  to  seize  and 
carry  away  people  of  color,  as  slaves,  who  were  free 
and  as  much  entitled  to  the  protection  of  the  laws  as 
any  citizen  of  Indiana.  *  *  *  It  is  a  well  known 
fact  that,  whatever  may  be  the  opinion  of  our  citi- 
zens on  the  abstract  principles  of  slavery,  and  how- 
ever repugnant  it  may  appear,  in  their  estimation, 
to  the  principles  of  moral  justice,  there  i-.  but  one 
sentiment  prevalent  on  this  subject  of  peopleof  color 
migrating  in  any  circumstances,  to  this  State.  It  is 
believed,  if  not  restricted,  it  would,  in  time,  become 
an  evil  of  not  much  Less  magnitude  than  slavery 
itself.  *  *  *  Your  committee  in  the  further  prose- 
cution of  the  duties  assigned  them,  will  take  into 
consideration  the  laws  on  the  subject  of  slaves  escap- 
ing into  this  State,  as  well  as  the  laws  for  the  pun- 
ishment of  the  crime  of  man  stealing,  and.  if  it  -hall 
be  found  that  any  new  provisions  ate  necessary  on 
either  of  these  subjects,  they  will  form  the  subjects 
of  future  reports. 

As  the  Staff  developed  aim  grew  in 
power,  questions  of  internal  improvements, 


banking,  etc..  occupied  tin'  attention  of  the 
people  in  a  considerable  degree.  It  was  n<  't 
until  1828  that  tin-  people  <>f  Indiana  began 
to  divide  on  party  lines  as  known  in  the 
East,  but  in  that  election  tin-  supporters 
of  Andrew  Jackson  generally  assumed  the 
name  of  Democrats  in  Indiana,  while  the 
followers  of  John  (t)uincv  Adams  were 
known  as  Whigs.  This  did  not  mean  any 
realignment  of  parties.  The  party  spirit 
engendered  by  the  tierce  struggles  over 
the  slavery  question  bad  been  too  anxious 
for  that.  The  slavery  faction  supported 
Jackson  unanimously  and  the  anti-slav- 
ery people  supported  Adams.  Thus  it 
happened  that  the  Indiana  Whigs  were  al- 
most universally  Anti-Slavery  men.  and 
it  is  probable  for  this  reason  that  the 
Abolitionists — first  as  the  Liberty  party 
and  later  as  the  Free-Soil  party — did  not 
mean  a  "feat  deal  of  party  strength  in 
Indiana.  The  opponents  of  slavery  here 
clung  plainly  to  the  notion  that  their  sen- 
timents could  be  worked  out  through  the 
Whig  party,  and  they  even  supported, 
with  the  utmost  loyalty.  Gen.  Win.  Henry 
Harrison,  as  the  Whig  candidate  for  Pres- 
ident. While  Geo.  W.  Julian  was  elected 
to  Congress  from  the  Wayne  county  dis- 
trict as  a  Free-Soiler,  supported  by  Whig 
votes.  Henry  S.  Lane  was  at  the  same 
time  recognized  as  the  leader  of  the  Anti- 
Slavery  sentiment  in  the  State,  and  Lane 
never  became  identified  with  the  Free- 
Soil  party  as  such,  nor  severed  his  alle- 
giance  to  the  Whig  organization  until  the 
Republican  party  arose. 

After  the  Presidential  campaign  of 
1852  there  was  a  general  breaking  up  of 
party  lines  throughout  the  country,  as 
even  the  politicians  themselves  began  to 
rec.  ignize  that  the  next  National  campaign 
must  be  made  practically  upon  the  slavery 
issue.  Everywhere  throughout  the  free 
States  there  was  an  effort  to  form  a  new 
political  organization  from  the  Free-Soil- 
ers  and  from  such  Whigs  and  Democrats 
as  were  opposed  to  the  slavery  movement. 


is 


HISToin     OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


While  this  took  shape  in  the  Republican 
party  as  early  as  February.  L854,  in  Wis- 
consin, the  movement  was  of  somewhat 
slower  growth  in  Indiana,  a  State  that 
has  been  proverbially  conservative  in  po- 
litical matters  and  proverbially  slow  in 
the  matter  of  changing  the  party  lines. 

The  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  then  pend- 
ing in  Congress,  was  shaking  the  country 
to  its  foundations,  and  the  first  public 
movement  against  the  Douglas  doctrine 
of  "Squatter  Sovereignty"  in  Indiana 
arose  among  the  Democrats  of  Jefferson 
county.  On  June  6  they  issued  a  call 
for  a  mass  meeting  at  Madison,  under 
the  name  of  Anti-Douglas  Nebraska  Bill 
Democrats,  and  this  mass  meeting  adopted 
resolutions  strongly  denouncing  the  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska Bill.  Madison,  the  county 
seat  of  Jefferson  county,  contained  a  very 
strong  anti-slavery  population,  and  was 
supposed  to  be  one  of  the  great  stations 
of  the  "Underground  Railroad."  It  had 
but  recently  been  very  greatly  shaken  by 
the  Delia  Webster  incident.  Delia  Web- 
ster was  a  Kentucky  woman  of  some 
wealth  and  an  urgent  opponent  of  slav- 
ery. The  State  of  Kentucky  conferred 
upon  her  the  crown  of  martyrdom  by 
compelling  her  to  serve  a  term  in  the 
Kentucky  penitentiary  upon  the  charge 
of  assisting  slaves  to  escape.  Upon  her 
release  she  took  up  her  residence  across 
the  river  from  Madison.  Soon  afterward 
a  number  of  slaves  in  the  neighborhood 
disappeared,  and  she  was  indicted  for  as- 
sisting them,  but  before  the  warrant  could 
be  served  she  escaped  to  Madison.  There  she 
was  arrested  upon  a  requisition  from  the 
Governor  of  Kentucky,  honored  by  (tnv- 
ernor  Wright,  of  Indiana.  Before  she 
could  be  carried  across  the  Ohio  she  was 
released  upon  habeas  corpus  proceedings 
instituted  by  Joseph  G.  Marshall,  her  at- 
torney. In  the  trial  of  the  Imbeds  corpus 
proceedings  Marshall's  eloquence  wrought 
up  the  crowd  in  the  courtroom  to  a  very 
high  pitch,  and  the  Kentucky  officers  were 


mobbed  and  driven  from  the  courthouse, 
and  only  saved  their  lives  by  precipitant 
flight  across  the  river.  In  Kentucky 
armed  bodies  of  men  were  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  invading  Indiana,  and  ex- 
citement ran  high  on  both  sides  of  the 
river  for  some  time.  But  wiser  coun- 
sels prevailed,  and  the  incident  was  pro- 
ductive of  no  further  violence.  Shortly 
afterwards  Indianapolis  was  the  scene  of 
another  exciting  contest  over  the  slavery 
question.  John  Freeman,  a  negro,  had 
long  been  a  resident  of  the  city  when  he 
was  claimed  by  a  man  named  Ellington, 
a  resident  of  Missouri,  who  declared  that 
Freeman,  as  his  slave,  had  escaped  from 
Kentucky.  Freeman  was  arrested,  but 
declared  he  was  free,  and  had  always 
been  so;  that  he  was  born  in  Georgia, 
and  from  that  State  had  come  to  Indiana, 
and  that  if  permitted  he  could  establish, 
by  overwhelming  testimony,  that  he  was 
free.  The  anti-slavery  element  in  India- 
napolis rallied  around  him.  and  the  case 
was  fought  for  weeks  in  the  courts.  Men 
were  sent  to  Georgia,  and  brought  back 
citizens  of  that  State  who  identified  Free- 
man, and  who  testified  that  they  had 
known  him  from  a  boy.  Others  went  to 
Kentucky,  and  from  there  traced  the  fu- 
gitive slave  to  Canada,  and  found  him 
living  in  that  country.  For  weeks  India- 
napolis was  in  a  fever  of  excitement,  and 
armed  men  patrolled  the  streets  near  the 
jail  to  prevent  Freeman  from  being  carried 
away  surreptitiously.  At  last  the  grand 
jury  at  Indianapolis  returned  an  indict- 
ment against  Ellington,  charging  him 
with  perjury  in  swearing  that  Freeman 
was  his  slave.  Ellington  fled  the  State, 
and  Freeman  was  released. 

The  movement  of  the  Jefferson  county 
Democrats  was  followed  by  those  of  Hen- 
dricks county,  who  called  their  meeting 
on  June  1 7.  These  meetings  of  Democrats 
recalled  the  fact  that  the  Democratic  State 
Convention  of  1*411  had  adopted  the  fol- 
lowing' resolution : 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


19 


That  the  institution  of  slavery  ought  not  to  be  in- 
troduced into  any  Territory  where  it  does  not  now 
exist.  That  inasmuch  as  California  and  New  Mex- 
ico are  in  fact  and  law  free  Territories,  it  is  the 
duty  of  Congress  to  prevent  the  introduction  of 
slavery  within  their  limits. 

The  Democratic   State    convention   of 

LS54  followed  strictly  upon  the  lines  of  the 
Democratic  National  platform  of  1852 
which  had  stood  clearly  upon  the  side  of 
the  slave  power.  Ou  June  16,  the  Indian- 
apolis Journal,  which  had  stood  as  the 
champion  of  the  Whigs,  but  was  strongly 
anti-slavery  in  its  tone,  announced  that 
a  State  convention,  to  he  composed  of  all 
persons  opposed  to  the  platform  laid  down 
by  the  recent  Democratic  convention,  would 
be  held  in  Indianapolis  on  July  13,  "to 
adopt  such  measures  as  they  may  deem 
proper  in  regard  thereto.'"  The  Journal 
added,  -'such  is  the  feeling  against  the 
principles  avowed  at  that  time,  that  it  is 
believed  a  very  large  concourse  of  people 
will  come  up  to  the  capital  on  that  day." 
( >n  June  10  a  regular  call,  signed  by  about 
seventy-five  names  of  Democrats  from 
Floyd.  Ripley.  Dearborn  and  Parke  coun- 
ties, was  published  as  follows  : 

A  majority  of  the  recent  Democratic  convention 
having  adopted  resolutions  setting  forth  a  platform 
of  principles  to  which  we  believe  a  majority  of  the 
people  of  this  State  are  opposed  we  therefore  call 
upon  all  such  opponents,  of  whatever  party,  to  meet 
at  Indianapolis  on  the  loth  day  of  July  next,  at  HI 
o'clock  A.  M.,  to  adopt  such  measures  in  relation 
thereto  as  they  may  deem  proper. 

A  number  of  the  Democratic  news- 
papers of  the  State  at  that  time  were  pub- 
lishing strong  editorials  denouncing  the 
platform  of  the  recent  Democratic  con- 
vention. 

But  slavery  was  not  the  only  issue  that 
was  causing  dissatisfaction  among  the 
Democrats  and  working  to  the  formation 
of  a  new  party.  A  secret  organization  of 
the  Know-Nothing  party  was  spreading 
rapidly  throughout  the  State,  and.  to  add 
to  the  general  complication,  a  temperance 
sentiment  swept  over  the  Slate,  and  dom- 
inated the  counsels  of  the  new  party  that 


was  in  process  of  formation.  Anti-slav- 
ery mass  meetings  were  held  during  the 
latter  part  of  June  in  Wayne  and  Hamil- 
ton counties,  and  on  July  4  even  the 
Democratic  stronghold  of  Shelby  county 
held  a  big  basket  picnic,  and.  as  "true 
patriots."  denounced  slavery.  One  does 
not  have  far  to  seek  for  the  tremendous 
dissatisfaction  expressed  among  the  Demo- 
crats of  Indiana  at  this  time.  In  1849, 
as  noted  above,  the  Indiana  Democrats, 
in  State  convention,  had  expressed  the 
view  that  California  and  New  Mexico 
should  be  free  States,  and  it  had  been 
with  difficulty  that  the  convention  had 
been  prevented  from  declaring  in  favor  of 
the  "Wilmot  Proviso.-'  to  the  effect  that 
slavery  should  he  prohibited  in  the  ter- 
ritory acquired  from  Mexico  by  purchase. 
The  Democrats  of  Indiana,  like  the  Whigs, 
had  accepted  the  compromise  legislation 
of  1S50.  This  legislation  was  the  out- 
come of  the  "Omnibus  Bill"  brought  in 
by  Henry  Clay,  and.  by  its  terms.  Califor- 
nia was  admitted  as  a  free  State,  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona  were  organized  as 
Territories  without  the  "Wilmot  Provi- 
so," and  a  stringent  fugitive  slave  law 
was  passed.  It  was  the  general  under- 
standing of  both  Whigs  and  Democrats 
throughout  the  North  that  this  compro- 
mise legislation  preserved  as  nearly  as 
possible  the  principle  of  the  "Missouri 
Compromise"  of  1820,  by  which  it  was 
declared  that  slavery  should  not  exist 
above  the  line  of  latitude  36:30.  Both 
parties  regarded  the  troublesome  question 
of  slavery  as  settled  for  a  long  time.  hut. 
at  the  beginning  of  the  session  of  1  *.".:'..  a 
bill  was  la-ought  in  for  the  admission  of 
Nebraska  as  a  State.  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las was  chairman  of  the  committee  to 
which  the  bill  was  referred  in  the  Senate, 
and  the  next  day  after  its  introduction  he 
reported  the  bill  with  amendments  which 
left  to  a  vote  of  the  people  of  the  Terri- 
tory the  question  of  whether  or  not  Ne- 
braska should   come   in   as  a   slave  State. 


HISTORY    OF    T11K    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


This  was  regarded  as  an  overturning  of 
the  compromise  of  IS50  and  a  practical 
repeal  of  the  ••Missouri  Compromise," 
and  the  1 » i  1 1  was  fiercely  debated,  not  only 
in  Congress,  but  throughout  the  country. 
During  the  struggle  over  the  bill  in  !  on- 
gress,  the  Territory  of  Kansas  was  also 
included  in  its  provisions,  and,  after  every 
parliamentary  device  to  obstruct  its  pass- 
age had  been  exhausted,  it  was  evident  to 
the  whole  country  that  the  Democratic 
majority  in  Congress  would  pass  the 
odious  measure.  The  hill  was  finally 
passed  on  May  25,  IS54,  but  the  day  be- 
fore its  passage  the  Democratic  State  con- 
vention of  Indiana  met.  and.  under  the 
strict  discipline  of  its  party  leaders,  it 
turned  its  hack  squarely  upon  the  declara- 
tion of  h4H.  and  adopted  the  following 
resolutions  : 

That  tin-  Den rats  of  In. liana  fully  approve  "I 

the  principles  of  the  act  extending  the  law-  of  the 
United  States  over  and  organizing  the  Territories  of 
Nebraska  and  Kansas. 

That  we  concur  in  the  opinion  that  it  is  not  prop- 
erly within  the  jurisdiction  of  I  longress  to  determine 
the  provisions  of  the  (  institution  of  a  State  farther 
than  to  require  that  it  he  republican  in  form,  but  mi 
the  contrary,  that  the  people  do  possess  the  right  and 
power  to  adopt  such  form  of  government  a-  they 
may  deem  best  suited  to  their  views  and  wants:  and 
that  this  right  should  be  recognized  a-  one  oi  the 
fundamental  principles  of  self-government. 

That  this  convention  is  distinctly  oppos  sd  to  that 
provision  of  the  Nebraska -Kansas  Bill,  commonly 
called  the  Clayton  amendment,  which  made  a  dis- 
tinction between  native  born  and  foreign  inhabi- 
tants, who  ma)  !>•■  residents  of  the  Territories  an. I 
feel  gratified  that  the  efforts  of  the  Democracy  have 
been  successful  in  expunging  that  odious  feature 
from  the  act. 

The  reply  to  this  declaration  came  in 
the  quick  revolt  of  Democrats  in  .Jeffer- 
son. Hendricks.  Hamilton.  Parke,  Dear- 
born, Floyd  and  other  counties,  ami  finally 
culminated  in  tin-  call  for  the  mass  con- 
vention of  duly  l:i.  On  June  23,  the 
citizens  of  Wayne  county,  without  regard 
to  party,  held  a  meeting  at  Dublin  and 
effected  an  organization  of  "Friends  of 
free    territory    without    regard    to    party 


names."  <  in  the  24th,  the  citizens  of 
Hamilton  county  met  at  Nbblesville,  and 
adopted  a  resolution  opposing  the  action 
of  the  Democratic  members  in  Congress 
on  the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill.  The  meet- 
ing was  composed  of  prominenl  Whigs. 
Democrats  and  Free  toilers.  On  the  1st 
of  July  all  the  Whig  members  from  the 
free  States  and  titty  three  Democratic 
members  from  the  same  States,  who  voted 
against  the  Nebraska  Bill,  issued  an  ad- 
dress to  the  people  denouncing  the  meas- 
ure, and  this  was  widely  circulated  in 
Indiana.  On  July  8,  the  first  nominating 
convention  of  the  allied  forces  opposed  to 
slavery  was  held  in  Wayne  county,  and 
D.  P.  Holloway  was  named  as  their  can- 
didate for  Congress  from  that  district. 
The  principal  Whig  and  Democratic  news- 
papers carried  each  day  announcement  of 
the  coming  mass  meeting  of  July  13,  and 
on  July  In  the  Indianapolis  Journal  de- 
clared that  from  all  parts  of  the  State 
people,  irrespective  of  former  political  dif- 
ferences, were  coming  to  the  capital,  and 
predicted  the  greatest  assemblage  for  po- 
litical purposes  that  had  ever  gathered  in 
Indiana.  Thomas  A.  Hendricks  was  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  strongest  leaders  of 
the  Pro-Slavery  Democrats  in  the  State, 
and  on  July  S  the  people  of  Johnson  coun- 
ty, in  mass  meeting,  adopted  resolutions 
vigorously  censuring  his  attitude  on  the 
question.  On  July  In  citizens  of  India- 
napolis held  a  meeting  to  make  prepara- 
tions for  the  coming  mass  convention. 
The  meeting  was  presided  over  by  Wm. 
Sullivan,  and  H.  C.  Newcomb  acted  as 
secretary  This  gathering  was  held  at 
the  courthouse,  and  speeches  were  made 
by  J.  L.  Ketcham.  Jacob  1'.  Chapman 
and  Lucien  Barbour,  denouncing  the  Kan- 
sas Nebraska  measure  as  a  repeal  of  the 
Missouri  Compromise.  David  Macy,  Lu- 
cien  Barbour,  J.  1'.  Chapman  and  J.  L. 
Ketcham  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
find  a  place  for  the  meeting  and  make 
arrangements  f<  >r  it.     Am  »ther  c<  tmmittee, 


OF   THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


2] 


composed  of  H.  C.  Newcomb,  James  Sul- 
grove,  Dr.  W.  ('.  Thompson,  Charles  Se- 
crist,  John  D.  DeFrees,  Henry  Tutewiler 
and  Edward  C.  Pyle,  was  appointed  to 
look  after  accommodations  for  the  visit- 
ors. So  many  men  from  over  the  State 
had  gathered  in  the  city  the  day  before 
the  mass  convention  that  a  preliminary 
meeting  was  held  on  Wednesday  night, 
July  12,  in  Washington  Hall,  which  was 
tilled  to  its  utmost  capacity  with  men 
of  various  political  affiliations.  Jacob  P. 
Chapman  was  made  chairman  of  the 
meeting  and  John  L.  King,  of  .Madison, 
secretary.  Speeches  were  made  by  Col. 
Henry  S.  Lane,  Schuyler  Colfax.  S.  S. 
Harding,  John  W.  Wright  and  R.  A. 
Riley.  The  vehement  tenor  of  these 
speeches  was  a  fair  i  ndx  of  the  tense 
state  of  popular  feeling  against  the  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska Bill  and  the  Douglas  theory 
of  "Squatter  Sovereignty."  There  was 
nothing  of  abolition  in  them,  but  the  fact 
that  the  Democratic  party,  controlled  by 
the  slave  power,  had  acted  in  bad  faith 
and  had  overturned  the  compromise  of 
1850,  by  which  this  dangerous  question 
had  been  put  to  sleep,  and  had  even  gone 
to  the  length  of  practically  repealing  the 
Missouri  Compromise,  was  what  had 
aroused  the  intense  indignation  of  the 
people. 

The  predictions  about  the  mass  meet 
ing  had  not  been  wrong.  It  was  estim- 
ated   that    from    8,000    to    L0,l people 

gathered  for  the  mass  meeting  of  July 
13.  The  convention  was  organized  with 
Thomas  Smith,  of  Ripley  county,  as  pres- 
ident, and  the  following  vice-presidents: 
Samuel  Howe,  Samuel  Parker,  L.  Brig- 
ham,  J.  I'.  Millikan,  S.  Nation.  Dr.  Rit- 
chey,  Hon.  ( >.  P.  Davis.  H.  L.  Ellsworth, 
L.  M.  Trusdale.  A.  J.  Towers.  J.  M.  Con- 
well.  The  secretaries  of  the  meeting 
were:  M.  C.  Grarber,  S.  G.  Matthews. 
James  Wilson.  C.  11.  Jocelyn,  R.  A.  Riley 
and  Dr.  Arnold.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  life- 
Long     Democrat,     and     his    speech,     upon 


assuming  the  chair,  set  forth  at  length  the 
causes  of  the  general  revolt  against  the 
Democracy,  and  explained  that  it  was 
necessary  at  this  critical  time  for  all  forces 
opposed  to  that  political  organization  to 
harmonize  their  minor  differences  and 
join  hands  in  a  supreme  effort  to  over- 
throw it.  A  portion  of  his  speech  was  de- 
voted to  the  temperance  question,  and  was 
calculated  to  bring  in  line  those  Whigs 
and  Democrats  who  believed  this  to  be 
the  chief  issue.  During  the  morning  ses- 
sion other  speeches  Were  made  by  Col.  H. 
S.  Lane,  Geo.  B.  Jocelyn  and  H.  S.  Ells- 
worth.  At  the  afternoon  session  speeches 
were  made  by  Capt.  John  A.  Hendricks 
and  ex-Governor  Bebb,  of  Ohio.  The  fol- 
lowing platform  was  reported  by  a  special 
committee  on  resolutions,  and  adopted 
with   enthusiasm: 

Whereas,  We.  the  freemen  of  Indiana,  without 
respect  to  party,  and  actuated  by  a  common  devo- 
tion to  our  Republic,  ami  a  com n  reverence  for 

its  founders,  have  assembled  ourselves  together  in 
commemoration  of  the  passage  of  the  Ordinance  of 
July  13th,  1787,  consecrating  the  Northwest  Terri 
tory  to  freedom;  and, 

Whereas,  The  unanimous  adoption  of  said  <  irdi 
nance  by  the  Representatives  of  all  the  States  in  the 
Tnion,  at  that  date,  clearly  evinces  that  opposition 
to  the  extension  of  slavery,  to  the  extent  of  consti- 
tutional power,  was  the  fixed  policy  of  our  fathers; 
and, 

Whereas.  We  regard  the  recent  repeal  of  the 
eighth  section  of  the  "Missouri  Compromise"  as  a 
gross  and  wanton  violation  of  the  faith  of  the  Union, 
plighted  to  a  solemn  compact,  restricting  the  exten- 
sion of  slavery ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  First — That  we  are  uncompromis- 
ingly opposed  to  the  extension  of  slavery,  ami 
further,  that  we  utterly  deprecate  and  repudiate  the 
platform  of  principles  adopted  by  the  self-styled 
Democratic  convention  on  the  -1th  day  of  May.  1854, 
endorsing  and  approving  tin1  Kansas  Nebraska 
iniquity. 

Second — That  we  will  waive  all  former  party 
predilections,  and,  in  concert,  by  all  lawful  means 
seek  to  place  every  branch  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment in  the  hands  of  men  who  will  assert  the  rights 
of  freedom,  restore  the  Missouri  Compromise,  and 
refuse,  under  all  circumstances,  to  tolerate  the  ex- 
tension of  slavery  into  Territories  secured  to  freedom 
by  that  compromise. 

Third— That  we  regard  intemperance  as  a  great 
political,  moral  ami  social  evil-  a  legitimate  subject 


HISTORY    OK    THE    KKITBLK  A  X    PARTY 


of  legislation — and  that  we  are  in  favor  of  the  pass- 
age nf  a  judicious,  ci institutional  ami  efficient  pro- 
hibitory law  with  such  penalties  as  shall  effectually 
suppress  the  traffic  in  intoxicating  liquors  as  a 
beverage. 

A  special  nominating  committee  re- 
ported ;t  ticket  which  was  ratified  by  the 
convention.     It   was   well   understood   by 

this  time  that  the  new  party  would  get 
mosl  of  its  strength  from  the  Whigs,  and 
tlic  effort  of  tlic  ticket  makers  was  to  put 
together  a  ticket  that  would  draw  as 
many  votes  as  possible  front  the  Demo- 
crats  upon  anti-slavery  and  temperance 
grounds.  Tints  the  first  three  names  on 
the  ticket  were  those  of  men  who  had 
been  and  claimed  that  they  still  were 
Democrats.  E.  B.  Collins,  of  Dearborn 
county,  was  named  for  Secretary  of  State; 
Hiram  E.  Talbott,  of  Putnam  county,  for 
Auditor  of  State;  Wm.  R.  Nofsinger,  of 
Parke  comity,  for  Treasurer  of  State; 
Samuel  B.  Gookins.  of  Vigo  county,  for 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  Caleb 
Mills,  of  Montgomery  county,  for  Super- 
intendent of  the  Public  Schools.  Polit- 
ical organization  in  those  days  was  not  so 
close  as  we  know  it  now.  hut  nevertheless 
it  was  much  on  the  same  model.  After 
naming  its  ticket  the  convention  adopted 
a  resolution  authorizing-  the  president  to 
appoint  a  State  Central  Committee  com- 
posed of  five  men  from  Indianapolis  and  one 
representative  from  each  of  the  eleven  Con- 
gressional districts.  On  July  18  president 
Smith,  of  the  convention,  announced  the 
appointment  of  the  following  committee: 

From  Indianapolis -Lucien  Barbour.  John  L. 
Ketcham,  Win.  Sullivan.  Henry  \V.  Ellsworth. 
Douglas  McGuire. 

From  the  Districts— First— Conrad  Baker.  Sec- 
ond—Samuel Parker.  Third— M.  C.  Garber.  Fourth 
—James  H.  Cravens.  Fifth  -Solomon  Meredith. 
Sixth— Dr.  Ritchey.  Seventh— 0.  P.  Davis.  Eighth 
—.Mark  James.  Ninth— Geo.  Merrifleld.  Tenth— 
Mr.  Webster.     Eleventh— John  \V.  Petit. 

The  party  thus  launched  did  not  iden- 
tify itself  with  the  Republican  party  which 
was  already  organized  in  Wisconsin.  Mi- 
chigan and  some  other  States,  though  the 


great  principle  for  which  the  Republican 
party  stood  was  included  in  this  platform. 
The  people  who  joined  the  movement  be- 
lieved that  they  were  leaving  their  own 
party  hut  temporarily,  and  they  talked  of 
the  gathering  its  "a  movement  of  the 
people."  Thus  the  organization  came  to 
he  known  as  that  of  the  People's  party. 
The  State  election  was  held  in  October, 
and  the  campaign  was  therefore  compara- 
tively short.  M.  C.  Garber  was  made 
chairman  of  the  State  Committee,  and 
conducted  the  campaign  as  vigorously  as 
possible.  The  work  of  the  chairman  in 
those  days  was  not  confined  simply  to 
arranging  for  the  speeches  of  candidates. 
It  was  his  business  to  effect  an  organiza- 
tion in  every  county  so  that  the  poll  could 
be  taken  and  till  the  voters  could  lie  got 
out.  Naturally  this  was  a  very  difficult 
undertaking.  There  was  no  way  of  find- 
ing out  what  any  one  man's  politics  were 
except  by  personal  expression  from  him. 
But  the  organization  was  well  put  to- 
gether, and  the  campaign  was  well  hand- 
led. While  the  necessary  work  of  taking 
a  poll  of  the  State  was  put  through,  the 
principal  feature  of  the  fight  was  the 
speaking  canvass,  and  the  Fusionists.  call- 
ing themselves  the  People's  party,  had  the 
;td vantage  of  Lane's  eloquence  and  of  the 
best  efforts  of  a  number  of  the  strongest 
men  of  both  the  Whig  and  Democratic 
parties,  as  well  as  the  active  influence  and 
work  of  Geo.  W.  Julian  and  .all  his  follow- 
ing of  the  old  Free-Soil  party.  During  the 
.May  convention  of  the  Democrats,  Oliver 
P.  Morton,  Judge  Test  and  a  number  of 
others,  leaders  of  the  faction  known  as  the 
"Free  Democracy,"  had  been  driven  from 
the  hall  with  taunts  and  hisses  because 
they  opposed  the  endorsement  of  the  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska outrage  and  clung  to  the 
policy  enunciated  in  the  Democratic  State 
platforntof  1  S49.  Later  in  the  same  month 
this  faction  of  the  Democracy  held  a  State 
Convention  at  Indianapolis  and  declared 
the    Kansas-Nebraska  Hill  "a  violation  of 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


23 


faith,  a  conspiracy  against  humanity,  a 
link  in  the  chain  of  the  supremacy  of  slav- 
ery," and  had  recommended  the  calling  of 
a  State  convention  to  combine  all  leaders 
in  opposition  to  it.  It  was  from  this  rec- 
ommendation that  the  State  convention  of 
July  13  and  the  formation  of  the  People's 
party  organization  had  developed.  Dong- 
las,  the  leader  of  the  Northern  Democracy, 
made  a  number  of  speeches  in  Indiana  and 
these  were  ansvveiedat  the  same  places  by 
Lane,  Morton  and  Test  Upon  the  slavery 
question  both  the  Whigs  and  the  Demo- 
crats held  a  position  more  or  less  negative 
and  apologetic,  while  the  vigorous  new 
organization   had   all    the   best  of  it  in   its 


positive  denunciations  of  the  evil  and  its 
appeals  to  the  humane  sympathies  of  the 
people.  The  wave  of  temperance  senti- 
ment that  was  sweeping  over  the  State 
had  no  little  effect  upon  the  campaign  and 
the  new  organization  seized  all  the  advan- 
tage it  could  from  it . 

When  the  elections  were  over,  not  only 
the  Democrats  and  Whigs,  but  the  leaders 
of  the  People's  party  themselves,  were 
vastly  surprised  to  discover  that  they  bad 
won  a  sweeping  victory.     The  State  ticket 

had  been  carried  by  a  plurality  of   I:;. I 

and  six  of  the  eleven  Congressional  dis- 
tricts had  been  carried. 


CAMPAIGNS  AND  PLATFORMS. 


r|Ml  E  sweeping  and  unexpected  victory  of 
1  185-1  gave  the  movement  an  immense 
impetus,  and  jollification  meetings  were 
held  all  over  the  stale  under  the  name  of 
"People's  Jubilees.'"  One  of  these  held 
in  the  Statehouse  grove  of  Indianapolis 
on  November  I,  was  an  enormous  affair. 
Though  there  were  n<>  officers  to  elect  in 
the  following  year,  another  mass  conven- 
tion was  held  at  Indianapolis  on  July  l:>, 
1855,  presided  over  by  Judge  Test,  of 
Wayne  county.  It  was  attended  by  some- 
thing iiver  8,000  people  and  the  platform 
of  1854  was  readopted  with  great  enthus- 
iasm, while  the  tenor  of  the  speeches 
showed  that  hostility  to  slavery,  rather 
than  the  temperance  sentiment,  was  the 
greai  cohesive  force  of  the  new  party.  The 
border  war  in  Kansas  was  at  its  height,  and 
while  it  formed  the  great  topic  for  all  that 
was  said,  such  astute  leaders  as  Lane.  Mor- 
ton. Test,  and  Colfax  did  not  disdain  to 
devote  considerable  attention  to  the  tem- 
perance sentiment  and  even  to  the  anti- 
Catholic  sentiment  of  the  "Know-Noth- 
ings." 

CAMPAIGN  OF   L856. 

It  was  no  easy  matter  to  successfully 
guide  the  new  party  in  Indiana.  As  the 
presidential  campaign  of  1856  began  to 
loom  into  view,  the  political  organizations 
that  had  sprung  into  existence  throughout 
most  of  the  Northern  States  to  oppose 
slavery  were  endeavoring  to  get  together 
in  some  form  of  National  organization. 
The  entanglements  and  enmities  of  two 
successive  campaigns  made  it  impossible 
for  the  organization  of  the  Free-Soil  party 
to  take  hold  of  and  control  the  movement, 
though  the  Free  Soilers,  with  generous 
patriotism,  were  ready  at  any  moment  to 
drop  their  own  organization  and  cast  their 
fortunes  with  the  new.  In  most  of  the 
Northern  States,  the  movement  was  crys- 
tallizing under  the  name  of  the  Republican 


party,  hut  in  Indiana  it  was  impossible  to 
bring  this  about.  The  ••  Know -Nothings"' 
had  a  remarkably  strong  following  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  and.  while  they 
were  willing  to  merge  their  forces  tempo- 
rarily with  the  new  movement,  they  were 
not  at  all  willing  to  he  absorbed  into  a 
new  party  under  the  name  of  Republican. 
When,  after  a  great  deal  of  correspondence 
between  various  State  committees  and 
leaders,  the  Republican  convention  for 
preliminary  organization  was  called  at 
Pittsburg  on  February  22,  1856,  many 
delegates  were  in  attendance  from  In- 
diana. Themethod  of  their  selection  was 
informal  ami  various.  Some  of  them  were 
self-constituted.  Some  had  been  selected 
by  self-appointed  meetings,  calling  them- 
selves Republican  gatherings,  and  others 
went  as  representatives  of  the  "People's 
party  of  Indiana.'"  In  Indiana  the  State 
convention  was  held  on  Thursday.  .May  1. 
with  Col.  Henry  S.  Lane  as  president. 
Lane.  Morton,  Rev.  Thomas  A.  Goodwin, 
William  Grose,  and.  in  fact,  nearly  all 
thi'  men  who  had  gone  as  delegates  to 
Pittsburg,  were  anxious  that  the  party 
should  formally  assume  the  name  of 
Republican,  hut  a  large  number  of  the 
delegates  from  Northern  Indiana  attended 
the  convention  as  ••Americans" or  ••Know- 
Nothings."'  Theyinsisted  upon  preserving 
their  identity,  and  it  was  discovered  that 
a  considerable  number  of  men  who  had 
been  acting  with  the  Whig  and  Demo- 
cratic parties  were  not  yet  ready  to  perma- 
nently give  up  their  old  political  allegiance. 
A  nominating  committee  of  thirty-three. 
threefrom  each  Congressional  district,  was 
appointed  with  practically  plenary  powers. 
This  committee  was  to  name  the  resolu- 
tions committee,  nominate  the  State  ticket, 
name  one  person  from  each  Congressional 
district  as  "People's  State  Electors,"  with 
two  at  large,  and  also  three  delegates  from 
each   district,    with   three   at    large   to   the 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


25 


"People's  National  Convention"  to  meet 
at  Philadelphia.  June  17.  ls"ai.  This,  of 
course,  was  the  National  convention  that 
had  been  called  by  the  Republican  confer- 
ence of  Pittsburg,  hnt  so  sensitive  were 
the  various  elements  in  Indiana  about  the 
name  "  Republican "  that  it  was  necessary 
to  use  this  transparent  subterfuge.  The 
platform  adopted  was  short  and  to  the 
point,  as  follows  : 

The  people  of  Indiana,  consisting  of  all  who  are 
■  i| i]>, ,-<■, i  to  th.'  policy  of  the  present  Federal  admin- 
istration, assembled  in  convention  at  the  capital  of 
the  State,  now  submit  to  the  people  the  following 
platform  of  principles: 

Resolved,  First — That  we  are  uncompromisingly 
opposed  to  the  extension  of  slavery,  and  that  we 
utterly  repudiate  the  platform  of  principles  adopted 
by  the  self-styled  Democratic  convention  of  this 
State  endorsing  and  approving  the  Kansas-Nebraska 
iniquity. 

Second  -That  we  will  resist  by  all  proper  means 
the  admission  of  any  slave  State  into  this  Union, 
formed  out  of  the  Territories  secured  to  freedom  by 
the  Missouri  Compromise,  or  otherwise. 

Third — That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  immediate 
admission  of  Kansas  as  a  free  State. 

Fourth— Thai,  we  are  in  favor  of  the  naturaliz- 
ation laws  of  Congress,  with  rive  years'  probation, 
and  that  the  right  of  suffrage  should  accompany  and 
not  precede  naturalization. 

Fifth —  That  we  believe  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  State  has  the  power  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  as  a  beverage,  and  that  we  are 
in  favor  of  a  constitutional  law  which  will  effect 
ually  suppress  the  evils  of  intemperance 


Tl 


ticket  was  nominate 


Governor— Oliver  P.  Morton. 
Lieutenant-Governor — Conrad  Baker. 
Auditor  of  State— E.  W.  H.  Ellis. 
Secretary  of  State—  John  W.  Dawson. 
Treasurer  of  State — Wm.  P.  Nofsinger. 
Supi  rinti  mli  at  of  Instruction — Charles  Barnes. 
Attorney-General — James  II.  Cravens. 
Reporter  Supreme  Court—  John  A.  Beall. 

The  delegates  chosen  for  the  National 
convention  to  meet  at  Philadelphia,  in 
June,  were: 

.1/  Large — Henry  S.  Lane.  Montgomery:  John 
D.  DeFrees,  Marion:  Wm.  M.  Dunn.  Jeff erson ;  J.  M. 
Wright.  Cass;  Godlove  S.  Ortb.  Tippecanoe,  and  C. 
H.  Test.  Wayne.  Find  District— Willard  Carpen- 
ter. Vanderburg;  Andrew  Lewis,  and  Wm.  M.  .Mor- 
rison, Warrick.  Second  District— to  be  decided  by 
district  convention.    Third  District— J.  J.  Cummins. 


Jackson:  Wm.  Sharp.  Jennings,  and  M  C.  Garber. 
Jefferson;  Fourth  District— Geo.  P.  Buell  Dearborn. 
J.  H.  Farquahar,  Franklin;  Thos.  Smith.  Ripley. 
Fifth  District— Geo.  B.  Julian.  Wayne;  M.  L.  Bundy. 
Henry;  B.  F.  Claypool,  Fayette.  Sixth  District— 
Jonathan  S.  Harvey,  Marion;  James  Bitchey,  John- 
son; Joseph  S  Miller.  Hendricks.  Seventh  District— 
Geo.  K.  Steele.  Parke;  Daniel  Sigler.  Putnam:  B.  A. 
Allison,  Owen.  Eight  District  —  James  Wilson. 
Montgomery:  R.  C.  Gregory.  Tippecanoe;  Wm. 
Bowers.  Boone.  Ninth  District  —  D.  G.  Rose  and 
D.  R.  Bearss,  Miami;  T.  H.  Bringhurst,  Cass.  Tenth 
District—,!.  C.  Power.  Kosciusko:  John  Mitchell, 
Noble.  Samuel  Hanna.  Allen.  Eleventh  District— 
J.  D.  Connor,  Wabash;  C.  D.  Murray.  Howard; 
Isaac  Vandevanter,  Grant. 

A  part  of  the  Congressional  nomina- 
tions were  made  by  the  delegates  to  this 
convention,  hut  most  of  them  were  made 
by  district  conventions.  The  nominees 
were  as  follows: 

First  District— James  C.  Veach.  Second-John 
N.  Wilson.  77m-d-John  A.  Hendricks.  Fourth— 
William  II.  Cumback.  Fifth — David  Kilgore.  si.ctlt 
— John  Coburn.  Seventh — John  P.  Usher.  Eighth — 
James  Wilson.  Xinth — Schuyler  Colfax.  Tenth  - 
Samuel  Brenton.      Elect  nth — John  U.   Petit. 

The  president  of  the  convention  was 
authorized  to  appoint  a  State  Committee, 
which  he  named  as  follows: 

From  Indianapolis— John  D.  DeFrees,  J.  S.  Har 
vey.  D.  McGuire,  James  Blake.  James  Sulgrove 
First    District— Thos.    F.    DeBruler.     Second— John 

Ferguson.  Third — John  R.  Cravens.  Fourth  — 
John  H.  Farquahar.  Fifth— Miles  Murphy.  Sixth— 
James  Ritchey.  Seventh — George  K.  Steele.  Eighth 
— 0.  S.  Clark.  Ninth— D.  G.  Rose.  Tenth— T.  G. 
Harris.     Eleventh—  James  A.  Stretch. 

John  D  DeFrees  was  made  chairman 
of  this  committee  and  prosecuted  a  most 
vigorous  campaign.  While  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  People's  party  organization, 
his  work  was  done  in  intimate  connection 
with  that  of  the  National  organization  of 
the  Republican  party,  formed  at  Philadel- 
phia in  .1  nne.  actingthrough .James  Ritchie 
who  was  made  member  id'  the  Republi- 
can National  Committee  from  Indiana  by 
the  Indiana  delegates  to  that  convention. 
The  nomination  of  Morton  had  not  been 
considered  until  a  couple  of  days  before  the 
convention  met.  The  Democrats  had  held 
their  convention  in  January,  had  approved 


26 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,  condemned  se- 
cret political  orders,  and  had  opposed  all 
prohibitory  or  sumptuary  legislation.  This 
platform  made  it  impossible  that  the  Dem- 
ocrats could  obtain  any  votes  from  the 
"Know-Nothings,  "or  temperance  element 
or  Free-Soilers.  but  the  Democracy  was 
considerably  stronger  than  all  the  other 
political  organizations  in  the  State  emu 
bined.  and  it  was  necessary  to  wean  away 
as  many  Democratic  votes  as  possible. 
Moreover,  the  Democrats  had  nominated 
Ashbel  P.  Willard,  a  young  man  of  thirty- 
six  years.  Morton  had  the  virtue  of  having 
been  a  Democrat.  He  was  young  and  vig- 
orous and  had  already  forced  a  large 
measure  of  public  recognition  by  his  ability. 
The  campaign  was  largely  an  affair  of 
speeches.  Morton  and  Willard  started  out 
with  a  joint  debate  at  Centerville  and  an- 
other at  Newcastle.  As  is  usual  in  joint 
debates  the  partisans  of  each  man  claimed 
the  victory.  Then  a  disagreement  arose 
about  further  appointments  and  fruitless 
conferences  were  held  between  Chairman 
DeFrees  and  Willard.  Finally  a,  list  of 
appointments  was  made  out  for  Morton. 
and  Willard  followed  him  up  with  a  chal- 
lenge for  joint  debates.  He  was  soon 
accommodated,  and  the  two  stumped  the 
State  together.  Henry  S.  Lane.  Schuyler 
Colfax,  Godlove  S.  Orth,  George  W.  Julian 
and  others  of  scarcely  less  ability  stumped 
the  State.  It  was  one  of  those  times  of 
turbulence  that  bring  forth  giants  and 
leaders  of  men  Nor  was  the  work  of 
organization  pursued  with  any  less  vigor 
than  the  speaking  canvass,  though  the 
Democrats  naturally  had  the  advantage 
here.  Their  organization  was  of  long 
standing,  and  in  every  county  it  sprang 
into  active  existence  at  the  command  of 
the  State  Committee:  while  the  People's 
party  hail  not  succeeded  in  putting  to- 
gether a  complete  organization  in  1854, 
and  had  to  depend  largely  upon  local 
organizations  of  the  elements  of  which  the 
party  was  made  up,  namely,  Free-Soilers, 


"Americans"  and  "  Anti-  Nebraska  Dem- 
ocrats." Unquestionably  many  voters 
were  imported  from  Kentucky  bythe Dem- 
ocrats and  not  a  few  from  Ohio  by  the 
Republicans  or  People's  party  for  the 
October  election.  As  the  campaign  drew 
to  a  close  Morton,  Chairman  DeFrees  ami 
all  the  leaders  of  the  new  party  were  con- 
fident of  success,  but  when  the  votes  were 
counted  out  after  the  October  election  it 
was  found  that  Willard  had  won  by  about 
6,000,  and  the  candidates  for  minor  offices 
on  the  Republican  side  had  been  defeated 
by  larger  majorities.  When  the  Novem- 
ber election  came  on  for  Presidential  elect- 
ors, Indiana,  went  Democratic  by  20,000, 
but  the  Republicans  succeeded  in  carrying 
five  of  the  eleven  Congressional  districts, 
electing  Kilgore,  Wilson,  Colfax,  Brenton 
and  Petit.  All  these  districts  lay  in  the 
northern  and  more  thinly  settled  part  of 
the  State,  and  the  geographical  division 
that  still  marks  most  of  the  northern  part 
of  Indiana  as  Republican  and  the  southern 
part  as  Democratic  seems  to  have  been  first 
marked  b_v  the  slavery  agitation  of  this 
campaign  of  1S5G. 

After  the  defeat  there  was  a  very  nat- 
ural fear  that  the  new  party  would  disin- 
tegrate into  its  original  elements,  but  it 
had  been  organized  during  the  campaign 
with  fair  compactness  and  a  bitter  fight  in 
the  succeeding  legislature  helped  to  hold 
it  together.  In  the  legislature  elected  in 
1854,  which  met  in  January,  1855,  the 
People's  party  had  a  heavy  majority  in  the 
House  while  the  Democrats  held  the  Sen- 
ate. A  memberof  the  United  StatesSenate 
should  have  been  elected,  and  Joseph  G. 
Marshall  was  the  candidate  of  the  party. 
The  Democratic  Senate,  however,  refused 
to  go  into  joint  session  with  the  House, 
and  thereby  prevented  an  election.  In  the 
legislature  of  1857  the  Republicans  had  a 
majority  in  the  Senate,  but  the  Democrats 
had  carried  the  House  and  had  a  majority 
of  one  on  joint  ballot.  There  were  two 
United     States    Senators    to    elect.      The 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Republicans  of  the  Senate  turned  the  tables 
and  declined  to  go  into  joint  session. 
However,  a  joint  session  had  already  been 
held  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  the  Gov- 
ernor's message  and  it  had  adjourned  to 
the  appointed  time  for  the  election  of  Sen- 
ators. The  Democratic  minority  in  the 
Senate  went  to  the  hall  of  the  House  at 
this  time.  Tlie  joint  session  was  recon- 
vened, Bright  and  Pitch,  the  Democratic 
candidates,  were  declared  elected,  and  the 
United  States  Senate  accepted  their  rum- 
missions  made  out  by  Gov.  Willard  and 
seated  them.  This  defeat  helped  greatly 
to  solidify  the  party. 

CAMPAIGN  (»F   LS5S. 

The  trend  of  events  was  strengthening 
the  Republican  organization  throughout 
the  Union,  and.  though  Indiana  was  more 
conservative  than  most  of  the  Northern 
States  in  taking  up  the  fight,  the  growing- 
power  of  the  party  was  reflected  in  the 
convention  of  185S.  There  was  no  longer 
any  question  about  assuming  the  Repub- 
lican name.  The  ••American"  party  had 
disappeared  and  the  flood  of  temperance 
sentiment  had  subsided.  (  >ne  after  an- 
other all  questions  in  the  minds  of  the 
people  had  Keen  swallowed  up  in  the  great 
issue  as  to  whether  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
and  all  the  vast  territory  lying  north  and 
west  of  them  were  to  be  the  homes  of  free- 
men or  of  slaves.  In  fact,  when  the  con- 
vention of  L858  assembled  at  Indianapolis 
on  March  4.  the  only  objection  raised  to 
the  proceedings  came  not  from  those  who 
clung  to  old  party  affiliations,  but  from  the 
••original  Abolitionists"  who  formed  the 
more  radical  element  of  the  party  under  the 
Leadership  of  George  W".  Julian.  Julian 
had  been  from  the  very  moment  that  he 
entered  politics  a  robust  and  uncompro- 
mising foeof  slavery  and  of  everything  that 
tended  toward  not  only  the  extension  of  the 
institution,  but  even  of  its  existence  in  the 
cotton  States  of  the  Atlantic,  where  it  was 


intrenched  behind  the  precedents,  legal 
enactments,  and  popular  habits  of  years. 
Morton  presided  over  the  convention  and 
appointed  a  committee  on  resolutions  which 

brought  in  the  following  platform: 

Tlie  Republicans  of  Indiana,  in  mass  convention 

assembled     |iriicliiiin  III''  I'  ill'.u  inu 

First — That  our  National  Government  ought  to 
In'  mi  administered  us  to  promote  harmony  between 
the  different  sections  of  our  country,  secure  tlie 
affections  of  all  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and 
command  the  respect  of  the  nations  of  the  earth. 

Second — That  the  people  of  a  Territory  when 
they  r.iiiie  to  form  a  constitution  preparatory  to 
their  admission  to  the  Union  as  a  State  have  the  right 
to  adopt  such  a  constitution,  being  republican  in 
form,  as  may  be  acceptable  to  themselves,  and  that 
no  State  ought  to  be  received  into  the  Union  before 
the  constitution  thereof  has  been  fully  and  fairly 
submitted  to  the  people  for  their  adoption  or  rejec- 
tion and  received  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  its 
legal  voters. 

Third— That  the  attempt  now  being  so  persist- 
ently made  by  tile  present  administration  to  inipo-e 
upon  Kansas  the  Lecompton  constitution  notoriously 
obnoxious  to  tlie  great  majority  of  her  citizens,  and 
with  no  object  but  to  force  upon  them  institutions 
against  which  they  have  repeatedly  and  most  earn- 
estly protested,  is  a  gross  outrage  upon  the  people  of 
the  Territory,  and  calculated  to  disturb  the  peace  and 
harmony  of  the  country. 

Fourth  That  freedom  is  National  and  slavery 
sectional,  and  that  we  do  most  earnestly  protest 
against  and  denounce  the  dangerous  and  alarming 
doctrine  first  promulgated  by  the  disunionists  and 
nullifiers  of  the  South,  that  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  itself  carries  slavery  into,  and  protects 
it  in  all  the  Territories  of  the  United  Stat  -s.  and  this 
doctrine  and  all  its  supporters,  maintainers  ami 
defenders,  whether  in  or  out  of  authority,  we  here 
pledge  ourselves  to  resist  and  oppose,  as  enemies  to 
the  peace  and  welfare  of  the  country. 

Fifth — That  we  reaffirm  the  doctrine,  that  Con- 
gress has  the  constitutional  power  to  exclude  slaverj 
from  tlie  National  Territories,  notwithstanding  the 
extrajudicial  opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  to  the  contrary. 

Sixth— That  we  disclaim  the  right  to  interfere 
with  slavery  in  the  States  where  it  exists  under  the 
shield  of  State  sovereignty,  but  we  oppose  now,  as 
heretofore,  its  extension  into  any  of  the  Territories 
and  will  use  all  proper  and  constitutional  means  to 
prevent  such  extension 

Si  venth —  That  we  do  not  struggle  for  a  mere 
party  triumph,  but  for  the  right,  and  for  the  good 
of  our  whole  country,  and  that  we  honor  those  po 
litical  opponents  who  have  had  the  manliness  to  place 
themselves  in  opposition  to  tin-  administration  in  the 
assault  upon  the  fundamental  principles  of  Ameri- 
can liberty. 


HlsTdKY    (IK    THK    REPUBLICAN"    1'AKTY 


Eighth— That  Jesse  D.  Bright  ami  Graham  N. 
Fitch  are  not  of  right  the  representatives  of  this 
state  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  ought 
tn  be  immediately  ousted  therefrom. 

Ninth— That  we  "ill  always  resist  the  scheme 
..I  selfish  and  unscrupulous  persons,  high  in  power, 
having  for  its  object  the  re-transfer  of  the  Wabash 
and  Erie  Canal  from  the  bondholders  to  the  State. 

Tenth— That  we  are  in  favor  of  granting  to 
actual  settlers  (in  the  public  lands  a  homestead  of  at 
least  160  acres. 

This  pronouncement  was  too  moderate 
by  half  for  the  Abolitionists,  and  Julian 
attacked  it  vigorously  upon  the  floor.  He 
demanded  an  explicit  reaffirmation  of  the 
platform  adopted  at  Philadelphia  two 
years  before,  and  Morton  ruled  his  motion 
out  of  order.  Julian  appealed  from  the 
chair,  and  his  appeal  was  sustained  by  a 
whirlwind  of  votes,  and  he  proceeded  with 
his  speech.  Morton  came  down  to  the 
floor  of  the  convention  and  replied,  stat- 
ing frankly  that  it  was  better  to  submerge 
all  minor  differences,  all  radicalism  and 
conservatism  in  the  effort  to  hold  the  party 
together,  and  give  the  verdict  of  Indiana 
against  the  extension  of  the  slave  power. 
Lane  and  others  of  the  more  conservative 
leaders  of  the  party  suppported  this  view, 
and  the  platform  was  finally  adopted  by  a 
unanimous  vote.  There  was  not  much 
difficulty  in  the  matter  of  nominating  of- 
ficers, and  the  following  ticket  was  put  in 
the  Held  : 

Secretary  of  State— Wm.  A.  Peelle,  Randolph. 
Auditor  of  stale — Albert  Lange,  Yi^'n. 
Treasurer  of  State — John  H.  Harper,  St.  Joseph 
Attorney-General  -Wm.  T.  Otto,  Floyd. 
Supreme  Judges—First  District — Horace  P.  Bid 

die.  Cass.  Second— Abrarn  W.  Hendricks.  Jeffer- 
son. Third — Simon  Yandes,  Marion.  Fourth— Win. 
1).  Griswold,  Vigo. 

Superintendent  of  Instruction  —  John  Young. 
.Marion. 

The  Congressional  nominees  were: 
First  District— Alvin P.  Hovey.  Second — John  X. 
Wilson.  Third— Wm.  M.  Dunn.  Fourth— Pleasant 
A  Qackleman.  Fifth— David  Kilgore.  Sixth— Al 
lii-rt  G.Porter.  Seventh — Henry  Secrist,  Eighth 
James  Wilson.  Ninth  -Schuyler  Colfax.  Tenth- 
Charles  Case.     Eleventh-John  V.  Petit. 

While  the  campaign  was  not  so  fierce 
in  the  "off  year"  as  it   had  been  in  1856, 


yet  both  parties  contended  fiercely  for  the 
State.  The  State  C'ommitteee  was  this 
year,  by  resolution  of  the  convention, 
composed  of  three  men  from  each  district, 
hut  this  committee  itseli  elected  a  State 
Executive  Committee,  composed  of  one 
man  from  each  district,  and  placed  M.  C. 
Garber,  of  Jefferson  county,  at  its  head  as 
chairman.  The  other  members  of  the 
committee  were: 

First  District—  James  Mason.  Knox;  Jas.  C. 
Veateh,  Spencer;  Conrad  Baker,  Vanderburg.  Sec- 
ond District — Inlni  W.  Ray.  Clark:  Walter  A. 
Gresham,  Harrison;  Alfred  Hayes.  Scott.  Third 
I >ixt ricl  John  I;  Cravens,  Jefferson;  Isaac  Rector. 
Lawrence;  Simeon Stansifer,  Bartholomew.  Fourth 
District— David  G.  Rabb,  Ohio;  Abram  Hendricks. 
Decatur:  Pleasant  A.  Hackleinan.  Rush.  Fifth  Dis- 
trict— Nelson  Trusler,  Fayette;  John C.  Lyle.  Wayne: 
Thomas  M.  Browne,  Randolph.  Sixth  District — 
Benj.  Harrison.  Marion;  Joseph  Miller,  Hendricks; 
A  s.  Griggs,  Morgan.  Seventh  District — Thomas 
H.  Nelson.  Vigo;  D.  C.  Donobue,  Putnam;  (feorge 
K.  Steele.  Parke.  Eighth  District— Dr.  Larabee. 
Montgomery:  Godlove  O.  Behm,  Tippecanoe:  George 
Wagoner.  Warren.  Ninth  District — A.  L.  Osborn. 
LaPorte;  D.  D.  Pratt.  Cass:  Mark  L.  DeMotte.  Por- 
ter. Tenth  District— Thomas  G.  Harris.  Elkhart. 
Wm.  Mitchell.  Noble;  John  W.  Dawson.  Allen. 
Eleventh  District — James  Brattam.  Huntington: 
James  A.  Stretch,  Grant;  T.  C.  Phillips,  Hancock 

Among  the  men  participating  in  this 
campaign  were  a  number  who  were  to  be- 
come very  famous  in  later  years.  Albert 
G.  Porter,  for  whom  the  future  held  the 
Governorship  of  Indiana  and  the  mission 
to  Italy,  here  made  his  first  political  race 
to]-  Congress  in  the  sixth  district.  Alvin 
P.  Hovey.  later  to  be  the  famous  General 
and  Governor  of  the  State,  had  finally 
cast  off  bis  allegiance  to  the  Democracy 
mi  account  of  the  Kansas-Nebraska  out- 
rage, and  was  running  for  Congress  in 
the  first  district.  Schuyler  Colfax,  late 
Speaker  of  the  House  and  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States,  was  the  Congres- 
sional nominee  in  the  tenth  district.  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  destined  to  hold  later 
the  highest  office  within  the  gift  of  the 
Republic,  was  just  out  of  college,  had 
opened  a  law  office  in  Indiana,  and  cast 
his  fortunes  with  the  new  party,  throwing 


(IF    THK    STATE    (IF    INDIAN  \. 


29 


himself  into  this  campaign  with  a  vigor 
and  ability  that  brought  him  to  the  front 
with  remarkable  rapidity.  Though  the 
Democrats  gained  a  victory  upon  the  State 
ticket,  it  was  evident  that  two  years  more 
of  such  growth  by  the  Republican  party 
would  give  it  the  State.  While  Willard 
had  been  elected  in  LS56  by  ."..sun  majority 
the  Republicans  made  a  net  gain  of  3,222 
votes  in  the  State  and  lost  it  by  only  about 
2,500  The  Republicans  elected  seven  of 
the  eleven  Congressmen:  Messrs.  Petit. 
Case,  Colfax,  Wilson,  Porter,  Kilgore  and 
Dunn. 

CAMPAIGN  OF  1860. 

After  the  campaign  of  1858  there  was 
no  longer  any  question  of  the  compactness 
and  unity  of  the  party  in  Indiana.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Indiana  Democracy 
showed  some  of  the  germs  of  disintegra- 
tion that  were  tearing  the  party  to  pieces 
all  through  the  North.  The  fierce  fight 
between  the  Douglas  Democrats  and  the 
followers  of  President  Buchanan  was  re- 
flected in  some  degree  here.  and.  though 
the  Douglas  Democrats  had  a  considerable 
majority  in  the  party,  the  administration 
had  faithful  supporters  in  Senator  Jesse 
D.  Bright,  who  had  been  for  twenty  years 
a  despotic  leader  of  the  Indiana  Demo 
crats,  Governor  Willard  and  a  number  of 
other  men  in  high  places.  The  habit  of 
the  Indiana  Democrats  of  holding  their 
State  conventions  in  January  partially 
saved  them  from  the  consequences  of  the 
various  National  conventions  that  split 
the  party  into  four  sections  in  L860.  They 
adopted  a  platform  broad  enough  for  the 
various  shades  of  opinion  in  the  party  to 
stand  upon,  and  nominated  Thomas  A. 
Hendricks  for  Governor,  one  of  the  ablest 
orators  and  by  far  the  most  adroit  politi- 
cian the  Democratic  party  of  Indiana  has 
brought  forth.  So  able  was  his  manage- 
ment of  affairs  that  all  sections  of  the 
Democracy    in   the    State    supported    the 


State  ticket,  headed  by  himself,  though 
after  the  break-up  of  tin-  National  organ 
ization  the  convention  got  together  by 
Senator  Bright  nominated  Breckenridge 
electors.  This  move*,  however,  was  not 
necessarily  fatal  to  the  State  ticket,  for 
the  State  election  was  held  in  October, 
an  all  Democrats  could  get  together  upon 
it.  and  then  fight  out  their  Presidential 
differences  in  the  November  election.  I  >n 
the  ticket  with  Hendricks  was  David 
Turpie.  whose  brilliant  oratory  and  keen 
ability  as  a  logician  added  not  a  little 
strength  to  it. 

The  two  conspicuous  figures  in  the  Re* 
publican  party  were  Morton  and  Lane, 
both  of  them  great,  but  men  of  very  dif- 
ferent stamp,  resembling  each  other  only 
in  their  patriotism,  integrity  and  conscien- 
tious belief  in  Republican  principles. 
Lane  was  a  brilliant  orator  and  had  the 
indolence  of  genius;  Morton  was  a  logical 
and  convincing  speaker.  He  was  poss- 
essed of  that  genius  which  is  defined  as 
the  infinite  capacity  for  work.  Lane  had 
all  the  elements  that  go  to  make  up  per- 
sonal popularity.  He  was  genial,  affable 
and  bright  in  his  conversation.  Morton 
was  a  man  who  inspired  respect  and  in- 
tense loyalty  among  his  followers,  but  he 
was  apt  to  be  taciturn,  thoughtful  and 
blunt  in  his  statements,  even  to  the  point 
of  brusqueness.  A  large  section  of  the 
Republicans  naturally  turned  to  Morton 
who  had  led  the  ticket  in  L856  as  the  man 
to  be  nominated  in  I860,  but  another  very 
large  element  believed  that  the  personal 
popularity  and  brilliant  qualities  of  Lane 
would  give  more  strength  to  the  party. 
It  was  suggested  to  Morton  that  he  accept 
the  second  place  on  the  ticket  with  the 
understanding  that  if  the  Republicans 
should  succeed  in  electing  the  legislature 
Lane  should  go  to  the  Senate,  thus  giving 
the  Governorship  to  Morton.  The  sug- 
gestion was  not  at  all  well  received  by  Mor- 
ton at  first.  He  would  have  preferred  to 
head   the  ticket  himself,  but.  if  he  was  to 


30 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


accept  the  second  place  and  make  the  cam- 
paign under  these  conditions,  he  believed 
that  his  reward  should  be  the  Senatorship 
rather  than  the  Governorship.  After  a 
number  of  conferences  preceding  the  State 
convention,  which  was  held  on  February 
2*2,  I860,  Morton  yielded,  and  there  was 
nothing  to  br<  ak  the  harmony  of  the  con- 
vention. The  meeting-  was  presided  over 
by  Pleasant  A.  Hackleinan,  and  such  was 
the  general  harmony  of  feeling  that  the 
platform  presented  was  adopted  unani- 
mously, without  deliate.  as  follows: 

ResoJved,  First  —  That  -while  disunion  doctrines 
are  proclaimed  in  the  halls  of  Congress  by  the  Dem- 
ocracy, and  disunion  purposes  openly  avowed  we 
point  with  pride  to  the  fact  that  not  a  single  Repub- 
lican, either  iu  Congress  or  in  the  walks  of  private 
life — not  a  single  Republican  press — not  a  single  Re- 
publican orator — not  a  single  Republican  convention 
has  avowed  any  design  against  the  integrity  of  the 
Union,  even  should  the  present  administration  and 
its  corrupt  policy  be  perpetuated  by  the  vote  of  the 
people. 

Second — That  we  are  opposed  to  the  new  and 
dangerous  doctrine  advocated  by  the  Democratic 
party,  that  the  Federal  Constitution  carries  slavery 
into  the  public  Territories;  that  we  believe  slavery 
cannot  exist  anywhere  in  this  Government  unless 
by  positive  local  law,  and  that  we  will  oppose  its 
extension  into  the  Territories  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment by  all  the  power  known  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States. 

Tli  ird — That  we  are  opposed  to  any  interference 
with  slavery  where  it  exists  under  the  sanction  of 
State  law;  that  the  soil  of  every  State  should  be 
protected  from  lawless  invasion  from  every  quarter, 
and  that  the  citizens  of  every  State  should  be  pro- 
tected against  illegal  arrests  and  searches,  as  well  as 
from  mob  violence. 

Fourth — That  the  Territory  of  Kansas,  now  de- 
siring admission  under  a  Constitution  republican  in 
form,  expressing  the  will  and  wish  of  an  overwhelm- 
ing majority  of  her  people,  ought  to  be  admitted  as 
a  sovereign  member  of  the  Union,  speedily  and 
without  delay. 

Fifth — That  we  are  in  favor  of  the  immediate 
passage  by  Congress  of  a  Homestead  Law,  thereby 
giving  out  of  our  public  domain  homes  to  the  home- 
less. 

Sixth — That  the  fiscal  affairs  of  the  State  of  In- 
diana have  been  badly  managed.  That  State  officers 
have  been  shown  to  be  defaulters  to  large  amounts, 
and  suffered  to  go  unprosecuted.  That  large 
amounts  of  public  money  have  been  squandered  to 
enrich  officials  and  partisan  favorites,  and  that  when 
the  representatives  of  the  people  sought  to  stop 
those    peculations,  by  the  passage  of  an  ■•Embezzle- 


ment Bill,''  the  Governor  of  the  State  vetoed  that  bill, 
and  thus  kept  the  doors  of  the  treasury  open  to  be 
further  robbed  by  dishonest  partisans. 

Seventh — That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  branch  of 
the  Federal  Government  to  enforce  and  practice  the 
most  rigid  economy  in  conducting  our  public  affairs, 
and  the  acts  of  certain  parties  in  high  places,  in 
cheating  and  defrauding  the  Government  out  of 
large  and  valuable  tracts  of  public  lands,  as  well  as 
a  reckless  waste  and  extravagant  expenditure  of  the 
public  money,  by  which  the  National  treasury  has 
become  bankrupt  and  a  borrower  in  the  public  mar- 
kets, by  the  sale  of  bonds  and  treasury  notes,  meets 
our  earnest  condemnation. 

Eighth — That  we  consider  the  slave  trade  as 
justly  held  to  be  piracy  by  the  laws  of  nations  and 
our  own  laws,  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  civilized 
nations,  and  of  our  public  authorities  to  put  a  stop 
to  it  in  all  parts  of  the  world . 

Ninth — That  we  are  in  favor  of  equal  rights  to 
all  citizens,  at  home  and  abroad,  without  reference 
to  their  place  of  nativity,  and  that  we  will  oppose 
any  attempt  to  change  the  present  naturalization 
laws. 

Tenth — That  we  regard  the  preservation  of  the 
American  Union  as  the  highest  object  and  duty  of 
patriotism,  and  that  it  must  and  shall  be  preserved, 
and  that  all  who  advocate  disunion  are,  and  deserve 
the  fate  of  traitors. 

Eleventh — That  we  take  this  occasion  to  ex- 
press our  thanks  to  the  Republican  members  in  Con- 
gress, from  this  and  other  States,  for  their  persever- 
ance and  triumphant  success  in  the  organization  of 
the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the  election  of 
high-minded  and  National  men,  over  the  efforts  of  a 
corrupt,  sectional  and  disunion  party. 

Twelfth — That  a  railroad  to  the  Pacific  ocean, 
by  the  most  central  and  practicable  route,  is  impera- 
tively demanded  by  the  interests  of  the  whole  coun- 
try and  that  the  Federal  Government  ought  to 
render  immediate  and  efficient  aid  to  its  construc- 
tion. 

Thirteenth— Thai,  the  soldiers  of  the  War  of  1812 
who  yet  remain  among  us,  deserve  the  grateful 
remembrance  of  the  people,  and  that  Congress  should 
at  once  recognize  their  services  by  placing  their 
names  upon  the  pension  rolls  of  the  Government. 

Fourteenth — That  we  are  opposed  to  the  retro- 
cession of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal,  as  well  as  to 
the  State  becoming  liable  for  any  of  the  debts  or 
bonds,  for  which  the  same  was  transferred  to  satisfy. 

The  following  State  ticket  was  nomin- 
ated : 

Governor — Henry  S.  Lane,  Montgomery. 
Lieutenant-Governor — O.  P.  Morton,  Wayne. 
Secretary  of  State — William  A.  Peelle.  Randolph. 
Treasurer  of  State — Jonathan  S.  Harvey.  Clarke. 
Auditor  of  State — Albert  Lange,  Vigo. 
Attorney-Gi  n<  nil — James  G.  Jones,  Vanderburg. 
/,'.  porter  of  Supreme  Court — Benjamin  Harrison, 
Marion. 


(IF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


31 


Clerk  of  Supreme  Court — John  P.  Jones,  La 
Grange. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Miles  J. 
Fletcher,  Putnam. 

The  Congressional  nominees  were: 

First  District —  Lemuel  Q.  DeBruler.  Second 
District— John  G.  Davis.  Third  District— William 
M.Dunn.  Fourth  District— James  L.  Yates.  Fifth 
District — Geo.  W.  Julian.  Sixth  District — Albert 
G.  Porter.  Seventh  District — Thomas  H.  Nelson. 
Eighth  District— Albert  S.  White.  Ninth  District— 
Schuyler  Colfax.  Tenth  District— William  Mitchell. 
Eleventh  District — John  P.  C.  Shanks. 

The  convention  appointed  the  following- 
State  committee: 

Alexander  H.  Conner.  Chairman;  Robert  B. 
Duncan.  John  A.  Buchanan,  Thomas  Cottrell,  and 
George  F.  Meyer,  of  Marion  county,  to  constitute  the 
executive  part  of  the  committee.  Other  portions  of 
the  State  represented  by  Samuel  Hall,  Thomas  H.Col- 
lins, D.  C.  Branham,  S.  S.  Harding,  John  Schwartz, 
John  S.  Lyle.  Robert  N.  Hudson,  H.  S.  Hazlerigg, 
Thomas  S.  Stanfield,  Benjamin  W.  Oakley,  and 
Thomas  J.  Harrison. 

The  Indiana  Eepuhlicans  took  an  im- 
portant part  in  the  National  convention 
held  at  Chicago  in  May.  The  State  con- 
vention appointed  the  following  delegation 
to  attend  the  Chicago  gathering  : 

At  Large— William  T.  Otto.  Floyd;  P.  A.  Hack- 
leman.  Rush;  D.  D.  Pratt,  Cass,  and  Caleb  B.  Smith, 
Marion.  First  District — James  C.  Veatch  and  C.  M. 
Allen.  Second  District— Thomas  C.  Slaughter  and 
J.  H.  Bolton.  Third  District— John  R.  Cravens  and 
A.  C.  Voorhees.  Fourth  District — George  Holland 
and  J.  L.  Yates.  Fifth  District—  Miles  Murphy  and 
Walter  March  Sixth  District— Samuel  P.  Oyler 
and  John  S.  Bobbs.  Seventh  District—  Gen.  George 
K.  Steele  and  D.  C.  Donahue.  Eighth  District — 
John  Branch  and  J.  M.  Simrns.  Ninth  District — 
C.  H.  Test  and  D.  H.  Hopkins.  Tenth  District 
— George  Moon  and  Mr.  Anderson.  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict—W.  W.  Conner  and  J.  M.  Wallace. 

Lane  and  Morton  accompanied  the  del- 
egation to  Chicago.  It  looked  very  much 
as  if  Seward  was  to  be  the  nominee  of  the 
party,  but  Lane  was  convinced  that  with 
Seward  they  could  not  carry  Indiana.  He 
was  impressed  with  the  idea  that  the  ticket 
should  be  led  by  a  Western  man.  An- 
drew G.  Curtain,  nominee  for  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  of  the  same  opinion 
and  together  they  visited  the  leaders  of 
every  delegation  and  pleaded  for  the  nom- 


ination of  Abraham  Lincoln,  whose  joint 
debates  with  Douglas  on  the  slavery  ques- 
tion had  given  him  a  National  prominence. 
It  was  the  influence  of  the  Indiana  and 
Pennsylvania  men,  more  than  anything 
else,  that  led  to  the  nomination  of  Lincoln. 
The  campaign  was  waged  amid  intense 
excitement.  While  it  was  evident  that 
the  Republicans  would  carry  the  State  in 
the  November  election  against  the  divided 
Democracy,  there  was  no  certainty  that 
they  would  carry  it  upon  the  State  ticket 
in  October.  The  burden  of  the  whole 
campaign  was  the  discussion  of  the  slav- 
ery question  and  the  relation  of  the  Re- 
publican  party  and  the  various  factions 
of  the  Democratic  party  thereto.  Hen- 
dricks was  a  partisan  of  Douglas,  as  were 
all  the  other  names  on  the  Democratic 
State  ticket  with  him,  and  they  had  no 
little  difficulty  in  explaining  to  the  people 
just  what  the  attitude  of  the  Douglas 
Democracy  was.  Douglas  held  to  the  the- 
ory that  the  Territories  themselves  should 
decide  whether  or  not  they  should  have 
slavery,  but  the  acts  of  the  Buchanan 
administration  in  interfering  with  the 
free  choice  of  the  people  of  Kansas  had 
given  the  lie  to  this  position.  It  was  the 
day  of  political  debates  and  there  were 
joint  debates  between  Lane  and  Hendricks, 
between  Turpie  and  Morton,  between  all 
of  the  opposing  Congressional  candidates 
and  most  of  the  minor  candidates  upon 
the  State  ticket.  Nor  in  this  furious 
speaking  campaign  was  the  matter  of 
routine  party  organization  neglected  in 
the  least.  Mr.  Conner  was  a  man  of 
large  executive  ability,  and  was  fortunate 
in  having  for  material  a  compact  party, 
united  in  sentiment  and  full  of  enthu- 
siasm. The  State  was  very  closely  organ- 
ized by  both  parties  and  there  were  the 
usual  charges  of  corruption,  illegal  voting 
and  importation  of  voters  upon  each  side. 
When  the  votes  were  counted  out  in  Oc- 
tober, it  was  found  that  the  whole  Repub- 
lican State  ticket  was  elected  by  majoiit ies 


32 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  the  neighborh 1  of  10,  000  and  the  leg- 
islature was  Republican  in  both  branches. 
The  fate  of  Indiana  was  determined.  She 
would  support  the  Union,  come  what 
might.  After  the  October  election  the 
Republicans  plunged  into  the  Presidential 
campaign  with  renewed  vigor  and  confi- 
dence born  of  victory.  Their  "speaking" 
partook  of  the  nature  of  a  jubilee  and 
there  were  great  processions  of  "Rail 
Maulers"  and  "Wide  Awakes"  through- 
out the  State.  Many  of  the  Congressional 
contests  were  uncomfortably  close,  but 
the  Republicans  raptured  seven  of  the 
eleven  districts,  electing  Messrs.  Dunn. 
Julian,  Porter,  White.  Colfax.  Mitchell 
and  Shanks.  The  electoral  vote  of  Indi- 
ana was  given  for  Lincoln  by  a  handsome 
majority  and  the  mutterings  of  secession 
that  bad  penetrated  to  the  North  during 
the  campaign  soon  began  to  take  definite 
shape. 

CAMPAIGN  OF   1862. 

The  ante-convention  compact  was  car- 
ried out.  When  the  legislature  met  in 
L861  Lane  was  made  Senator  and  Morton 
succeeded  to  the  Governorship.  It  was 
not  long  before  the  war  was  on  and  Mor- 
ton had  his  hands  fall.  The  Democratic 
party  which  went  to  pieces  in  so  many 
Northern  States  succeeded  in  preserving 
its  organization  in  Indiana  with  a  strong 
following,  and  the  party  was  permeated 
with  sympathy  for  the  South.  This  first 
came  to  a  head  in  the  organization  known 
as  the  ••Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle." 
But  the  history  of  this  and  the  succeeding 
organization  known  as  the  ••American 
Knights"  and  "Sons  of  Liberty"  belongs 
rather  to  the  chapter  on  State  administra- 
tions elsewhere  in  this  volume.  The  first 
of  tlie  youth  that  went  to  fight  for  the 
Union  were  volunteers  and  their  absence 
greatly  weakened  the  Republican  party 
in  Indiana.  Notwithstanding  this  fact 
the  Republicans  endeavored  to  bring  to 
their  standard  all  the  "War  Democrats." 


and  when  their  State  convention  met  in 
L862,  the  word  "Republican"  was  dropped 
from  their  title  and  the  party  made  itself 
officially  known  as  the  "  Unconditional 
Union  party."  Gov.  Morton  presided 
-over  the  convention,  whose  proceedings 
were  harmonious  in  the  extreme.  The 
following  platform  was  adopted: 

Whereas.  The  National  Government  is  engaged 
in  a  war  waged  against  it  by  its  enemies  for  the 
avowed  purpose  of  its  destruction,  and  the  subver- 
sion of  our  Republican  form  of  government:  there- 
fore. 

Resolved,  That  the  present  civil  war  was  forced 
upon  the  country  by  the disunionists  in  the  Southern 
States  who  are  now  in  rebellion  against  the  constitu- 
tional government;  that  in  the  present  National 
emergency,  we.  the  people  of  Indiana,  in  convention 
assembled,  forgetting  all  former  political  differences, 
and  recollecting  only  our  duty  to  our  whole  country, 
do  pledge  ourselves  to  aid  with  men  and  money  the 
vigorous  prosecution  of  the  present  war.  which  is 
not  being  waged  upon  the  part  of  our  government 
for  the  purpose  of  conquest,  subjugation  or  the  over- 
throwing or  interfering  with  the  rights  or  established 
institutions  of  any  of  the  States,  hut  to  suppress  ami 
put  down  a  wicked  and  causeless  rebellion,  defend 
and  maintain  the  supremacy  of  the  Constitution, 
and  to  preserve  the  Union  as  established  by  our 
patriot  fathers,  with  all  the  dignity,  equality  and 
rights  of  the  several  States  unimpaired,  and  when 
these  objects  are  fully  accomplished,  and  not  before, 
we  believe  the  war  ought  to  cease;  and  that  we  in- 
vite all  who  coincide  in  these  sentiments  to  unite 
with  us  in  support  of  the  ticket  this  day  nominated. 

Second — That  we  demand  and  expect  of  our 
executive  and  legislative  bodies,  both  State  and 
National,  an  economical  administration  of  govern 
mental  affairs,  and  the  punishment  of  fraud  against 
the  government,  as  well  as  a  fearless  discharge  of 
their  duties. 

Third — That  as  long  as  patriotism,  courage, 
and  the  love  of  constitutional  liberty  shall  be  honored 
and  revered  among  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
the  heroic  conduct  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Union,  who 
have  offered  their  lives  for  the  salvation  of  their 
country,  will  he  remembered  with  the  most  profound 
feelings  of  veneration  and  gratitude,  and  that  we 
now  tender  to  them  the  warmest  thanks  anil  lasting 
gratitude  of  every  member  of  this  convention. 

Fourth — That  we  tender  to  the  sixty  thousand 
volunteers  from  Indiana  our  heartfelt  congratula- 
tions and  hail  with  pride  the  fact  that  upon  every 
battlefield  where  Indianians  have  been  found,  they 
have  displayed  the  bravery  of  patriots  in  defense  of 
a  glorious  cause,  and  we  pledge  them  that  while 
they  are  subduing  armed  traitors  in  the  field  we 
will  condemn  at  the  ballot  box  all  those  in  our  midst 
who  are  not  unconditionally  for  the  Union. 


OP    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


33 


The  following  State  ticket  was  nom- 
inated: 

Secretary  of  State — Wm.  A.  Peelle.  Delaware. 

Auditor  of  State — Albert  Lange,  Vigo 

Treasurer  of  State — Jonathan  S.  Harvey. 

Attorney-General — Delano  E.  Williamson,  Put- 
nam. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— John  I 
Morrison,  Washington. 

The  Congressional  nominees  were: 

First  District — Alva  Johnson.  Second  District — 
James  G.May.  Third  District— William  M.  Dunn. 
Fourth  District—  James  Gavin.  Fifth  District— Geo. 
W.  Julian.  Sixth  District  Ebenezer  Dumont.  Sev- 
enth District— Harvey  D.  Scott.  Eighth  District— 
GodloveS.  Orth.  Ninth  District—  Schuyler  Colfax. 
Tenth  District— William  Mitchell.  Eleventh  District 
—John  P.  C.  Shanks. 

The  State  Committee  was  made  up  as 
follows: 

From  Indianapolis  —  Alexander  H.  Connor, 
( 'Imiriiian:  John  S.  Spann,  John  C.  New.  William  J. 
Elliott.  Andrew  Wallace.  First  District— James  H. 
McNeeley.  Evansville.  and  William  Kurtz,  Prince- 
ton. Second  District — Henry  Crawford.  New  Albany, 
and  Thomas  C.  Slaughter.  Corydon.  Third  District 
— Nat.  T.  Hauser,  Columbus,  and  Frank  Mayfield, 
Dupont.  Fourth  District — Theodore  Gazlay,  Law- 
renceburg.  and  Reuben  D.  Logan.  Rusbville.  Fifth 
District— John  T.  Elliott.  New  Castle,  and  Joseph  S. 
Buckles.  Muncie.  Sixth  District  -Martin  M.  Ray, 
Shelby  ville.  and  James  Burgess.  Danville.  Seventh 
District — George  K.  Steele.  Rockville.  and  Henry 
Secrist.  Greencastle.  Eightli  District — Joseph  J. 
Reynolds.  LaFayette.  and  Caleb  V.  Jones.  Coving- 
ton. Xinth  District—  Thomas  S.  Stanfield,  South 
Bend,  and  Banner  Lawhead,  Rochester.  Tenth  Dis- 
trict— Wm.  S.  Smith,  Ft.  Wayne,  and  Geo.  Moon. 
Warsaw.  Eleventh  District — Thomas  B.  McCarty, 
Wabash,  and  Wilburn  R.  Pierce,  Anderson. 

The  war  was  absorbing  the  energies  of 
the  Republican  leaders  and  many  of  their 
hest  orators  and  workers  were  in  the  field 
with  the  troops  in  the  South.  The  Repub- 
licans were  hurt,  too,  by  over-confidence  in 
their  success.  They  believed  that  the  pat- 
riotism of  the  people  was  sufficient  to  carry 
them  through  and  largely  underestimated 
the  flame  of  discontent  that  was  so  actively 
fanned  in  every  part  of  the  State  by  the 
secret  organizations  working  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  Democrats.  The  Democrats 
carried  the  State  by  over  i),000  and   the 


Republicans  lost  heavily  in  the  Congres- 
sional elections  and  even  Schuyler  Colfax, 
who  had  a  heavy  majority  behind  him  and 
was  serving  as  Speaker  of  the  House,  had 
a  narrow  escape  from  defeat  at  the  hands  of 
David  Tnrpie  in  the  Xinth  District,  while 
the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  Districts  that  had 
been  Republican  from  the  birth  of  the 
party,  were  turned  over  to  the  Demo- 
crats. The  Legislature  was  lost  and  to 
this  fact  was  due  the  gigantic  struggle 
that  brought  forth  all  the  qualities  of 
greatness  in  Morton  and  made  his  name 
revered  throughout  the  country. 

CAMPAIGN    OF    1864. 

As  time  went  on  and  the  conspiracies 
of  the  Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle  and 
their  successors  were  exposed,  there  was 
a  change  in  public  sentiment,  and  as  the 
National  campaign  of  1864  approached 
the  prospects  of  the  party  were  better. 
The  early  reverses  of  the  war  that  had  had 
such  a  heavy  effect  upon  the  elections  of 
1862  had  been  blotted  out  by  Union  vic- 
tories. Thus  the  convention  that  met  on 
February  23,  1864,  was  full  of  enthusiasm. 
It  was  presided  over  by  Ex-Governor  Jo- 
seph A.  Wright,  and  the  following  plat- 
form was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  cause  of  the  Union  demands 
of  every  patriotic  citizen  the  sacrifice  of  every  par- 
tisan feeling,  of  all  selfish  purposes,  of  all  private 
ambition,  and  that  no  action  of  the  government, 
whether  in  accordance  with  our  views  of  correct 
policy  or  not.  can  absolve  any  man  from  the  duty  to 
render  every  possible  aid  to  crush  tin-  rebellion,  by 
furnishing  the  government  men  and  means,  counsel 
and  encouragement. 

Second— That  we  hail  with  joy  the  indications 
of  approaching  peace,  not  by  a  compromise  with 
rebels  in  arms,  but  by  their  complete  and  utter  sub- 
jugation to  the  laws  and  Constitution  of  the  United 
States:  and  that  we  are  in  favor  of  the  destruction 
of  everything  which  stands  in  the  way  of  a  perma 
nent  and  perpetual  peace  amongst  the  people  of  all 
the  States,  and  a  full  and  complete  restoration  of  the 
just  authority  of  the  Union,  under  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States. 

Third — That  those  who  persist  in  their  opposi- 
tion to  the  Co\  eminent  in  its  hour  of  peril,  who 
denounce  its  every  act   for  the  preservation   of  the 


34 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Union,  who  refuse  to  contribute  men  or  money  for 
its  support,  or  who  organize  secret  combinations  to 
embarass  the  Government  by  resisting  the  laws  and 
encouraging  desertions,  are  thereby  rendering  the 
rebel  cause  more  effective  support  than  if  they  joined 
the  rebel  army,  and  are  entitled  to  and  will  receive 
the  execration  of  all  patriotic  citizens  to  the  latest 
posterity. 

Fourth — That  now  henceforward,  and  to  the 
end  of  time,  the  thanks  of  a  grateful  people  are 
due  to  the  rank  and  tile  of  the  army  and  navy,  to 
the  officers  and  men.  who  on  so  many  battlefields 
have  perilled  their  lives  in  defense  of  their  homes 
and  ('(institutional  liberty,  and  by  their  patient  en- 
durance of  trials  and  privations,  by  their  dauntless 
courage  and  their  devotion  to  the  Union,  have  cov- 
ered themselves  with  imperishable  renown. 

Fifth — That  in  the  midst  of  a  civil  war  for  the 
preservation  of  the  life  of  the  government,  and  hav- 
ing confidence  in  the  patriotism,  the  wisdom,  the 
justice  and  the  honesty  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  we 
regard  his  re-election  to  the  position  he  now  occu- 
pies as  essential  to  the  speedy  and  triumphant  end 
of  the  war.  and  therefore  hereby  instruct  the  dele- 
gates to  be  appointed  by  this  convention  to  represent 
this  State  in  the  National  Union  convention,  to  cast 
their  votes  for  his  nomination. 

Sixth — That  the  gratitude  of  the  American  peo- 
ple is  due  to  Andrew  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  for  his 
unselfish  devotion  to  the  cause  of  the  Union  and  his 
patriotic  and  successful  efforts  for  the  overthrow  of 
the  rebellion,  and  that  we  present  his  name  as  the 
choice  of  our  people  for  the  Vice-Presidency  of  the 
United  States. 

Seventh — That  duty,  patriotism  and  the  inter- 
ests of  Indiana  demand  the  election  of  Oliver  P. 
Morton  as  her  next  Governor,  and  we  hereby  declare 
him  to  be  the  Union  candidate  for  that  position. 

A  nominating  committee  reported  the 
following  ticket  which  was  accepted  unan- 
imously by  the  convention: 

(Inn  rum- — Oliver  P.  Morton. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Nathan  Kimball  (declined 
later  and  was  succeeded  by  Conrad  Baker). 

Secretary  of  State — Nelson  Trusler.  Fayette. 

Audit or  of  State— T.  B.  Met 'arty.  Wabash. 

Treasurer  of  State — John  1  Morrison.  Wash 
ington. 

Attorney-General — D.    E.  Williamson.   Putnam. 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction  —Geo.  W. 
Hoss.  Marion. 

Judges  of  tin-  Supreme  Court— First  District— 
James  T.  Frazer,  Kosciusko.  Second  District— J  T. 
Elliott.  Henry.  Third  District— Charles  A  Hay. 
Marion.   Fourth  District-  R.C.  Gregory,  Tippecanoe. 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court— Gen.  Laz.  Noble. 
Knox. 

Reporter  of  tin'  Supreme  Court — Col.  Ben.  Har- 
rison. Marion. 


The  following  delegates  were  chosen  to 
the  National  convention: 

.1/  Large — Maj.  Han  Mace.  Tippecanoe;  Jonas 
L.Yates.  Ripley;  John  Beard.  Montgomery;  Isaac 
Jenkins..n.  Allen.  First  District— h.  <:  DeBruler. 
Spencer,  and  Cyrus  M.  Allen.  Knox.  Second  District 
— Jesse  J.  Brown.  Floyd,  and  H.  Woodbury.  Craw- 
ford. Third  District— W.  M.  Dunn.  Jefferson,  and 
Geo.  A.  Buskirk.  Monroe.  Fourth  District — Wilson 
Morrow.  Franklin,  and  Mr.  Ferris.  Dearborn.  Fifth 
District — Miles  Murphy.  Henry,  and  Ben.  F.  Miller. 
Union.  Sixth  District — John  W.  Ray.  Marion,  and 
Levi  Ritter.  Hendricks.  Seventh  District — John  H. 
Martin.  Owen,  and  Ezra  Reed.  Vigo.  Eighth  Dis- 
trict — W.  C.  Wilson,  Tippecanoe,  and  Lewis  B. 
Simms.  Carroll.  Ninth  District — John  Reynolds.  St. 
Joseph,  and  1).  R.  Bearss.  Miami.  Tenth  District— 
Jesse  L.  Williams.  Allen,  and  James  S.  Collins. 
Whitley.  Eleventh  District— John  L.  Wilson,  Wells, 
and  Daniel  L.  Brown.  Hamilton. 

The  State  committee  was  made  up  as 

follows: 

First  District— Alvah  Johnson.  Second  District 
-Win.  T.  Ferrier.  Third  District—Smith  Vawter. 
Fourth  District—  James  Gavin.  Fifth  District— 3. 
V.  Kibbey.  Sixth  District — facob  T.  Wright.  Sev- 
enth  District -Geo.    K.   Steele.      Eighth    District— 

Henry  Taylor.  Ninth  District .  Tenth 

District-\\m.  M.  Clapp.  Eleventh  District— W.  W. 
Conner.  Jacob  T.  Wright  was  chosen  chairman, 
and  W.  J.  Elliott  and  John  C.  New  assisted  him. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  Con- 
gress: 

First  District — Cyrus  M.  Allen.  Second  District 
—  W.  W.  Curry.  Third  District— Ralph  Hill.  Fourth 
District  John  H.  Farquahar.  Fifth  District— Geo. 
W.  Julian.  Sixth  District — Ebenezer  Dumont.  Sfet'- 
cntli  District-  Henry  D.  Washburn.  Eighth  District 
— Godlove  S.  ( Irth.  Ninth  District  -  Schuyler  Colfax. 
Tenth  District— John  II.  DeFrees.  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict—Thomas N.  Stillwell. 

While  the  campaign  was  prosecuted 
with  great  vigor  the  successes  of  the 
Union  forces  and  the  development  of  the 
great  Northwestern  conspiracy  were  the 
things  that  caused  a  revulsion  of  feeling 
throughout  Indiana.  The  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle  had  accomplished  but  little 
and  ceased  to  exist  in  the  fall  of  1863. 
The  organization  was  succeeded  by  the 
"Order  of  American  Knights,"  a  secret 
military  organization  of  sympathizers  with 
the  South.  Its  secrets  were  revealed  to 
government    officials    hv    detectives    and 


4S1286 


OF    THE    STATE    <>F    INDIANA. 


35 


renegades,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to 
reorganize  it  with  new  rituals,  signs  and 
pass-words.  This  last  organization, known 
as  "The  Sons  of  Liberty,"  wasfounded  in 
New  York  early  in  1S64,  and  was  rapidly 
organized  in  Indiana.  The  State  was 
divided  into  four  districts  under  command 
of  "Major- Generals"  Boles,  Milligan, 
Humphreys  and  Walker.  The  most  im- 
portant project  of  the  organization  was  a 
conspiracy  for  an  armed  uprising  through- 
out Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Missouri, 
for  the  purpose  of  releasing  the  Confeder- 
ate prisoners  and  overthrowing  the  State 
governments  of  Indiana  and  Illinois.  The 
first  direct  information  of  this  conspiracy 
reached  Governor  Morton  in  the  form  of  a 
a  letter  from  a  lady  in  New  York,  who 
notified  him  that  large  stores  of  arms  and 
ammunition  had  been  landed  by  certain 
steamers  in  New  York  and  forwarded  to 
J.  J.  Parsons,  in  Indianapolis.  The  police 
authorities  of  Indianapolis  watched  for  the 
delivery  of  the  goods  and  traced  a  dray- 
man to  the  printing  office  of  H.  H.  Dodd 
&  Co..  where  a  seizure  of  arms  and  com- 
promising correspondence  was  made.  This 
exposure  was  followed  by  public  indigna- 
tion meetings  at  Indianapolis  and  through- 
out the  State.  Further  developments 
proved  that  live  of  the  men  on  the  Demo- 
cratic State  ticket  were  members  of  the 
"Sons  of  Liberty,"  among  them  men  who 
had  been  elected  in  lsiii'.  Thus  a  con- 
spiracy to  overthrow  the  State  government 
and  to  establish  a  Northwestern  Confed- 
eracy penetrated  even  to  the  State  House. 
As  may  be  imagined,  these  events  stirred 
the  people  very  deeply  and  the  trial  of  Dodd. 
the  first  of  the  famous  conspiracy  trials. 
came  just  before  the  October  elections.  The 
loyalty  of  the  people  was  shown  by  the  re- 
election of  Morton  and  the  whole  Republican 
State  ticket  by  majorities  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  20,000,  and  the  Republicans  car- 
ried eight  of  the  eleven  districts,  electing 
Messrs.  Hill.  Farquahar.  Julian.  Dumont, 
Orth,  Colfax.  DeFrees  and  Stillwell. 


CAMPAIGN   OF   1866. 

The  campaign  of  L866  was  waged 
under  peculiar  circumstances.  The  war 
had  ended  and  while  the  people  were  jubi- 
lating over  the  return  of  peace  came  the 
awful  news  of  the  assassination  of  Lin- 
coln. Then  followed  the  reconstruction 
troubles  and  the  split  between  President 
Johnson  and  the  Republican  Congress. 
In  the  meantime  the  health  of  Governor 
Morton  was  so  precarious  that  he  had 
gone  to  Europe,  shortly  after  his  inau- 
guration, to  seek  a  cure  for  paralysis. 
The  State  convention  met  on  February 
22,  L866,  and  adopted  the  following  plat- 
form, probably  the  weakest  that  the  Indi- 
ana Republicans  have  ever  put  forth: 

Resolved,  That  we  have  full  faith  in  President 
Johnson  and  his  cabinet,  and  in  the  Union  members 
of  both  Houses  of  Congress,  and  in  the  sincere  de- 
sire and  determination  of  all  of  them  to  conduct  the 
affairs  of  the  Government  in  such  manner  as  to 
secure  the  best  interests  of  the  whole  people;  and 
we  hereby  declare  that  we  will  sustain  them  in  all 
constitutional  efforts  to  restore  peace,  order  and 
permanent  Union. 

Resolved,  That  in  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of 
the  United  States,  we  recognize  a  patriot  true  and 
a  statesman  tried ;  that  we  will  support  him  in  all 
his  constitutional  efforts  to  restore  National  author- 
ity, law  and  order  among  the  people  of  the  States, 
lately  in  rebellion,  on  the  basis  of  equal  and  exact 
justice  to  all  men;  and  that  we  pledge  to  the  Ad- 
ministration, executive  and  legislative,  our  united 
and  hearty  co-operation  in  all  wise  and  prudent 
measures  devised  for  the  security  of  the  Government 
against  rebellion  and  insurrection  in  time  to  come. 

Resolved,  That  whilst  we  indorse  the  President 
of  the  United  States  in  his  Constitutional  efforts  for 
the  safety  of  the  Union,  and  the  restoration  of  law 
and  order,  we  do  hereby  express  our  entire  confi- 
dence in  the  Union  majority  in  Congress,  and  pledge 
to  it  our  cordial  support. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  province  of  the  legisla- 
tive branch  of  the  General  Government  to  determine 
the  question  of  reconstruction  of  the  States  lately 
in  rebellion,  against  that  government:  and  that,  in 
the  exercise  of  that  power.  Congress  should  have  in 
view  the  loyalty  of  the  people  in  those  States,  their 
devotion  to  the  Constitution,  and  obedience  to  the 
laws;  and  until  the  people  of  those  States  prove 
themselves  loyal  to  the  Government  they  should  not 
be  restored  to  the  rights  and  position  enjoyed  and 
occupied  by  them  before  their  rebellion. 

Resolved,  That  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  should  be  so  amended  that  no  representation 


36 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  Congress  or  the  Electoral  College,  shall  be  allowed 
to  any  State  for  any  portion  of  her  population  that 
is  excluded  from  the  right  of  suffrage  on  account  of 
race  or  color. 

Resolved,  That  under  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  the  power  to  determine  the  qualifica- 
tions requisite  for  electors  in  each  State  rests  with 
the  States  respectively. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  election  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln and  Andrew  Johnson  to  the  highest  offices  in 
the  gift  of  a  great  people,  and  in  the  liberation  of 
four  millions  of  oppressed  people  as  an  incident  of 
the  war  for  the  Union,  the  Nation  has  approached 
the  perfection  of  free  government,  which  makes 
merit,  and  not  birth  or  property,  the  basis  of  public 
confidence,  and  secures  universal  intelligence  and 
freedom,  and  the  honor  and  dignity  of  human  labor. 

Resolved,  That  the  Union  of  these  States  has 
not  been  and  cannot  be  dissolved,  except  by  a  suc- 
cessful revolution;  but  that  after  the  suppression  of 
a  formidable  rebellion  against  the  General  Govern- 
ment, we  declare  that  the  Government  may,  and 
should  hold  in  abeyance  the  powers  of  the  rebellious 
States  until  the  public  safety  will  allow  of  their 
restoration. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  to  see  that  emancipation  shall 
be  thorough  and  complete;  that  no  State  legislation 
shall  be  tolerated  which  will  tend  to  keep  the  blacks 
a  subject  and  servile  race,  and  that  full  protection 
of  life,  liberty  and  property  shall  be  guaranteed  to 
them  by  National  legislation. 

Resolved.  That  no  man  who  voluntarily  partici- 
pated in  the  rebellion  ought  to  be  admitted  to  a  seat 
in  Congress,  and  that  the  law  excluding  them  there- 
from ought  not  to  be  repealed. 

Resolved,  That  the  Constitutional  provision,  "that 
the  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  priv- 
ileges and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several 
states."  shall  be  enforced  by  proper  Congressional 
legislation. 

Resolved,  That  the  assumption  of  the  Rebel  debt 
and  the  direct  or  indirect  repudiation  of  that  of  the 
General  Government  are  alike  measures  which  receive 
favor  only  from  the  enemies  of  the  country ;  that  we 
denounce  both  as  but  part  of  that  treason  which  in 
the  South  was  lately  in  armed  conflict  with  the 
National  authority,  aided  in  the  North  by  the  whole 
influence  of  a  corrupt  political  organization  which 
now  has  the  effrontery  to  seek  power  over  a  country 
it  sought  to  destroy. 

Resolved,  That  the  country  owes  a  debt  of  grati- 
tude to  the  soldiers  and  sailors  lately  composing  the 
armies  and  navies  of  the  Union,  which  no  language 
can  express,  and  that  we  shall  co-operate  with  them 
at  the  ballot  box,  in  excluding  from  places  of  public 
trust  in  Indiana  those  who,  during  the  rebellion, 
plotting  treason,  sought  to  bring  disaster  to  the  flag 
and  disgrace  upon  the  brave  men  who  upheld  it  with 
their  lives  upon  the  battlefield. 

Resolved,  That  justice  and  duty  demand  the 
bounties  to   our   National   defenders   should   be   so 


equalized  in  land  grants  or  money,  as  to  render  the 
amount  received  by  those  who  entered  the  service 
in  the  first  years  of  the  war  equal  to  the  highest 
sums  paid  by  the  Government  to  those  who  subse- 
quently volunteered. 

Resolved,  That  a  rigid  economy  in  public  expend- 
itures is  absolutely  essential  to  the  maintenance  of 
the  National  credit,  and  that  measures  of  taxation 
shall  be  so  framed  that  the  plighted  public  faith 
shall  sulfer  no  dishonor,  and  the  public  burdens  be 
equally  borne  by  all  classes  of  the  community  in 
proportion  to  their  wealth. 

Resolveil,  That  sympathizing  with  every  effort 
to  elevate  the  great  mass  of  the  people  to  a  condition 
of  the  highest  intelligence,  we  approve  the  move- 
ment in  favor  of  the  laboring  population  to  reduce 
the  time  of  toil  to  eight  hours  per  day,  and  to  give 
practical  effect  to  this  declaration  we  respectfully 
request  the  next  General  Assembly  of  this  State  to 
pass  a  law  making  eight  hours  the  rule  for  a  day's 
labor  in  all  cases,  except  where  parties  interested 
shall  expressly  make  a  different  agreement. 

Resolved,  That  we  are  decidedly  in  favor  of 
bringing  the  late  Rebel  leader,  Jeff  Davis,  to  trial 
for  treason  against  the  Government,  as  soon  as  a  fair 
and  impartial  trial  can  be  had  before  a  competent 
tribunal  and  if  convicted,  to  the  end  "that  treason 
may  be  made  odious,"  that  he  be  punished  as  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Resolved,  That  we  most  heartily  indorse  the 
administration  of  Oliver  P.  Morton  as  Governor  of 
Indiana,  and  tender  him  our  gratitude  forhis  humane 
and  patriotic  treatment  of  her  soldiers,  and  that  we 
deeply  sympathize  with  him  in  his  recent  affliction. 

Resolved,  That  we  have  implicit  confidence  in 
the  intelligence  and  patriotism  of  Acting  Governor 
Baker,  and  we  rejoice  that  in  the  absence  of  Gov- 
ernor Morton,  the  executive  department  of  the  Siate 
government  is  so  ably  and  impartially  administered, 
and  we  hereby  tender  him  our  full  confidence. 

The  following  ticket  was  nominated: 
Secretary  of  State — Nelson  Trusler. 
Auditor  of  State— Thos.  B.  McCarty. 
Treasurer  of  State — Nathan  Kimball. 
Attorney-General  -Delano  E.  Williamson. 
Superintendent  of  Instruction— Geo.  W.  Hoss. 

The  following  State  Committee  was 
named : 

Chairman— Jacob T.  Wright,  Marion.  First  Dis- 
trict—Bon.  Cyrus  M.  Allen,  Knox.  Second  District 
—Col.  James  B.  Merri wether.  Third  District— Capt. 
W.  Y.  Monroe.  Jefferson     Fourth  District— Col.  Ben. 

S| ner,    Dearborn.     Fifth    District — Hon.    Walter 

Marsh,  Delaware,  Sixth  District  -Hon.  A.  H.  Con- 
ner and  Benj  Harrison,  Marion.  Seventh  District — 
Gen.  Charles  Cruft,  Vigo  Eighth  District— Capt. 
John  A.  Stein,  Tippecanoe.  Ninth  District — Gen. 
R.  A.  Cameron.  Porter.  Tenth  District— Hon.  E.  W. 
II.  Ellis.  Elkhart.  Kleveuil,  District— Qm..  J.  1'.  C, 
Shanks.  Jay, 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


The  Congressional  nominees  were  as 
follows: 

First  District— Lemuel  L.  DeBruler.  Second  Dis- 
trict—Walter  Q.  Greshani.  77u>d  District— Morton 
C.  Hunter.  Fourth  District— Ira  J.  Grover.  Fi/tfi 
District— Geo.  W.  Julian,  .s7.W//  District  —  John 
Cobum.  Seventh  District  —  Henry  D.  Washburn. 
Eij/Af/i  District—  Godlove  S.  Orth.  Mni^  District— 
Schuyler  Colfax.  Tent],  District— William  Williams. 
Eleventh  District— John  P.  C.  Shanks. 

The  Democrats  assumed  the  offensive 
in  the  campaign  from  the  start,  attacking 
the  reconstruction  measures  of  Congress 
and  the  State  administration.  The  aim  unit 
of  slander  that  was  piled  up  against  Mor- 
ton and  the  charges  of  corruption  against 
his  administration  seem  now  to  he  abso- 
lutely ridiculous  in  their  absurdity,  hut  at 
the  time  they  found  thousands  of  believ- 
ers.  Morton  returned  from  Europe  in  the 
spring  of  1866,  and  his  presence  breathed 
new  life  and  vigor  into  the  party.  His 
famous  Masonic  Hall  speech,  with  its  ter- 
rible arraignment  of  the  Democratic  rec- 
ord, changed  the  Republican  plan  of  cam- 
paign from  a  defensive  to  an  offensive 
one.  and  the  spark  of  enthusiasm  thus 
started  in  the  party  was  fanned  into  flame 
by  the  returning  veterans  who  began  to 
arrive  home  in  June.  From  this  time 
forward  the  tight  was  pushed  with  a  hur- 
rah, and  the  party  went  through  both  the 
(•ctolier  and  November  elections  in  tri- 
umph. The  State  ticket  was  successful 
by  majorities  of  about  L4,000,  and  the 
Republicans  elected  eight  of  the  eleven 
Congressmen.  Messrs.  Julian.  Coburn, 
Washburn,  Orth,  Colfax.  Williams  and 
Shanks.  The  legislature  returned  a  ma- 
jority of  Repuhlicans  on  joint  ballot  and 
Morton  was  sent  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  His  opponent  was  Daniel  \Y. 
Voorhees,  whose  sympathy  with  the  South 
and  supposed  connection  with  the  Sons  of 
Liberty  conspiracy,  made  him  the  em- 
bodiment of  all  that  Morton  claimed  the 
Democratic  party  stood  for. 


THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  1868. 

The  split  1  iet  ween  President  Johnson 
and  the  Republican  Congress,  the  im- 
peachment trial  of  the  President,  and  the 
troubles  of  the  reconstruction  period  kept 
the  Republicans  in  a  turmoil  during  the 
next  two  years.  But  while  Johnson  had 
many  friends  among  the  Indiana  Repub- 
licans at  the  beginning,  his  faction  here 
never  amounted  to  a  disturbing  element. 
Another  National  question  that  was  loom- 
ing up.  however,  did  have  a  considerable 
effect  upon  the  party.  Pressing  upon  the 
attention  of  Congress  with  a  force  almost 
equal  to  that  of  the  reconstruction  prob- 
lem, was  the  question  of  handling  the 
National  debt  which  had  piled  up  to 
frightful  proportions  during  the  war. 
The  "greenback"  had  been  reluctantly 
adopted  as  a  war  measure  when  there 
seemed  no  other  way  of  raising  funds  for 
carrying  on  the  war.  Cold  had  gone  to 
a  premium  and  prices  had  adjusted  them- 
selves to  an  inflated  currency.  As  is  al- 
ways the  case  when  a  nation  undertakes 
to  ■•print  money."  large  numbers  of  the 
people  conceived  confused  ideas  of  financial 
theories  and  the  notion  that  the  hat  of 
the  Government  imparted  the  whole  of  its 
value  to  any  form  of  money  spread  very 
rapidly.  This  notion  was  first  taken  up 
by  Democrats  in  Congress  and  combatted 
strongly  by  Republican  leaders,  but  in 
Indiana  "greenbackism"  quickly  took  deep 
root  among  the  people.  Morton.  Colfax 
and  other  leaders  of  National  prominence 
were  closely  engaged  in  their  work  in  Con- 
gress and  no  steps  were  taken  to  check 
the  growth  of  this  sentiment  in  Indiana. 
and  it  reached  such  proportions  that  it 
was  strongly  reflected  in  the  State  plat- 
form. 

The  State  convention  met  on  February 
20,  1S68,  and  adopted  the  following  plat- 
form: 


38                                                   HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

Lst.    The  Congressional  plan  of  reconstruction  8tli.    The  public  lands  are  the  property  of  the 

was  made  necessary  by  the  rejection  of  the  Con-       i pie;  monopolies  of  them,  either  by  individuals 

stitutional  amendments,  and  the  continued  re-  or  corporations,  should  be  prohibited;  they  should 
bellious  spirit  of  the  Southern  people;  and  if  they  be  reserved  for  actual  settlers;  and.  as  a  subs  tan- 
will  no1  upon  the  conditions  prescribed  by  Con-  tial  recognition  of  the  services  of  the  Union  offi- 
gress,  become  the  friends  of  the  Union,  it  is  the  cits  and  soldiers  in  the  late  civil  war,  they  should 
duty  of  Congress,  to  do  whatever  the  emergency  each  be  allowed  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
requires  to  prevent  them  from  doing  harm  as  thereof, 
enemies.  9th.    The  doctrine  of  Great   Britain  and  other 

2nd.    The  extension  of  suffrage  to  the  negroes  European  powers  thai   because  a   man   is  once  a 

of    the   South    is    the   din  cl    result    of    the    rebellion  citizen   he  is  always  so.   must    be   resisted  at  every 

and     the    continued    rebellious    spirit     maintained  hazard    by    the    United    Slates,    as   a    relic   Of   the 

therein,  ami   was  necessary   to  secure  the  recon-  feudal  times,  not  authorized  by  the  law  of  nations; 

struction  of  the  Union,  ami  the  preservation  of  the  :MI,i  .,,  war  wju,  our  National  honor  and  independ- 

loyal  men  therein  from  a  state  worse  than  slavery.  ,.,„.,.      Naturalized  citizens  are  entitled   to  be  pro- 

aud  the  question  of  suffrage  in  all  the  loyal  States  tected  in  all  their  rights  of  citizenship  as  though 

belongs   to  the  i pie  of   those  States  under  the  they  were  native  born,  and  no  citizen  of  the  United 

Constitution  of  the   United  States.  States,  native  or  naturalized,  must   be  liable  to  ar- 

3rd.    'I'lie    Government    of    the    United    States  ,.,,sl    ,,,.   imprisonment    by   any   foreign   power   for 

should  be  administered  with  the  strictest  economy  acts  done  or  words  spoken  in  this  country;  and  if 

consistent    with    the    public    safety    and    interest.  so  arrested  and   imprisoned   it    is  the  duty  of  the 

Revenue  should  be  si.  laid  as  to  give  the  greatesl  Government  to  interfere  in  ins  behalf. 

possible  exemption  to  articles  of  primary  necessity  ](||h     W(,  cordlally  ;I|1|1„,V(.  Ihl.  eourse  ,,r  the 

and  fall  most  heavily  upon   the  luxuries  and  the  KepuWlcall   members  of  Congress  in  their  active 

wealth   of   the  country,   and   all   property   should  suppor1  ,,,-  tl„,  Dll,  prohibiting  a  further  contrac- 

bear  a  just  proportion  of  the  burden  of  taxation.  ti0n  of  the  currency, in  which  they  faithfully  repre- 

4th.    The  public  debt   made  necessary  by   the  sented  the  will  of  the  people  of  Indiana.    And  this 

rebellion    should    !>■    honestly    paid;   ami    all    tlie  convention  expresses  their  unwavering  confidence 

bonds  issued  therefor  should  be  paid  in  legal  ten  i„  n„.  wisdom  ami  patriotism  of  Oliver  1*.  Morton, 

der,   commonly   called    greenbacks,   except    where.  nis  devotion   to  the  vital   interests  of  the   Nation 

by    their   express    terms,    they    provide   otherwise;  during    the   past    six    years    litis   endeared    him    to 

and   paid   in   such  quantities  as   will   make   the  cir  every    lover   of    Union    and    Liberty,    and    we   send 

culation  commensurate  with  the  commercial  wants  greeting  to  him.  in  the  American   Senate,  and  as- 

of  the  country  ami  so  as  to  avoid  too  great  Infla-  surance  to  him  of  our  unqualified  endorsement  of 

lion  of   the  currency   and  an   increase   in   the  price  his   course. 

of  gold.  llih.    General  I'lyssus  s.  Grant  and  the  lion. 

5th.  The  large  ami  rapid  contraction  of  the  Schuyler  Colfax  are  the  choice  of  Indiana  for 
currency  sanctioned  by  the  voice  of  the  Demo-  President  and  Viee-Presiaent  of  the  United  States; 
cratic  party  in  both  Houses  of  Congress,  has  had  and  this  convention  hereby  instructs  the  delegates 
a  most  injurious  effect  upon  the  industry  and  to  the  National  convention  to  cast  the  vote  of  In- 
busiuess  of  the  country,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  diana  for  these  gentlemen. 
Congress  to  provide  by  law  for  supplying  the  de- 
ficiency in  legal  tender  notes,  commonly  called  When  the  resolution  endorsing  Grant 
greenbacks,    to   the    full   extent    required    by    the  _,   ,                            ,     .                                .    , 

anil  Colfax  was  read  there  was  a  period 

business  wants  oi    the  country.  ...                        .        '       ,, 

6th     We  are  opposed  to  the  payment   of  any  ni    wild   cheering  in  the  convention.      1  he 

part  of  the  rebel  debt,  or  to  any  payment  whatever  following  State  ticket  was  nominated   by 

for  emancipated  slaves.  acclamation: 

7th.     lit'  all   who    were   faithful    in    the   trials   of 

the  lat.'  war.  there  are  none  entitled  to  more  es-  Governor— Colonel  Conrad  Baker, 

pecial  honor  than  the  brave  soldiers  and  seamen.  Lieutenant-Governor  —  Colonel   Will   Cumback, 

who    endured    the    hardships    of    campaign    and  Decatur. 

cruise,  ami  imperiled  their  lives  in  the  service  of  Secretary  of  State— Dr.  Max  A.  Hoffman.  Cass. 

their  country;  the  bounties  ami  pensions  provided  Treasurer  of  State— General   Nathan   Kimball, 

by    law    for   these   brave   defenders   of    the    Nation  Martin 

are  obligations  never  to  be  forgotten;  the  widows  Auditor  of  State— Major  John  D.  Evans,  Hamil- 

nnd  orphans  of  the  gallant  dead  are  the  wards  of  (,„, 

the  Nation    a  sacred  legacy  bequeathed  to  the  Na-  Clerk  Supreme  Court— Captain  T.   W.    McCoy, 

tiou's   protecting   care.  Clarke. 


OK   THK   STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


39 


Reporter  Supreme  <_'miii  —  Colonel  James  B. 
Black,  Marion. 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction— B.  C.  Hobbs, 
Wayne. 

The  following  delegates  to  the  National 
convention  were  elected: 

At  large.  Hon.  R.  W.  Thompson,  Vigo;  Hon 
Ilti.ry  S.  Lane.  Montgomery;  Hon.  \V.  A.  Peelle, 
Wayne;  Gen.  Walter  Q.  Greshain,  Floyd;  First 
District,  C.  M.  Allen.  Knox,  and  1..  Q.  DeBruler, 
Spencer;  Second  District,  Andrew  Caskin,  Floyd, 
and  J.  C.  Albert,  Orange;  Third  District.  J.  G. 
Berkshire,  Ripley,  and  Col.  A.  W.  1'rather.  Bar- 
tholomew; Fourth  District,  R.  H.  Swift,  Franklin, 
and  B.  F.  Claypool,  Fayette;  Fifth  District,  (.'has. 
F.  Hogate,  Hendricks,  ami  Win.  M.  French, 
Marion;  Sixth  District,  Geo.  K.  Steele.  Parke,  and 
Oeo.  H.  Buskirk,  Monroe;  Seventh  District.  Joseph 
Odell.  Tippecanoe,  and  James  II.  Paris,  Clinton; 
Eighth  District.  Hon.  John  Brownlee,  Grant  and 
Hon.  J.  D.  Conner.  Wabash;  Ninth  District.  S.  T. 
Powell,  Henry,  and  John  II.  Hough,  Allen;  Tenth 
District,  S.  P.  Williams.  LaGrange,  and  J.  W.  Pur- 
viauce.  Huntington:  Eleventh  District.  Aaron  Our 
ney,  Forter,  and  C.  G.  Powell.  La  Porte. 

This  convention  made  something  of  a 
change  in  the  method  of  selecting  a  State 
committee.  Hitherto  it  had  been  the 
custom  to  have  the  chairman  of  the 
State  convention  appoint  a  committee, 
hut  this  time  the  delegates  from  each  dis- 
trict in  caucus  selected  the  members  of 
the  State  committee  and  the  members  thus 
selected  elected  a  chairman. 

The  members  thus  elected  in  1868 
were  : 

First  District.  Col.  John  W.  Foster.  Vander- 
burg;  Second  District,  Gen.  Walter  <„>.  Gresham, 
Floyd;  Third  District.  Gen.  Ira  D.  Grover,  Deca- 
tur; Fourth  District,  Judge  W.  A.  Cullen,  Rush; 
Fifth  District.  Hon.  A.  H.  Conner.  Marion:  Sixth 
District,  Gen.  Chas.  Cruft,  Vigo;  seventh  District. 
O.  o.  Behm,  Tippecanoe;  Eighth  District,  Col.  N. 
P.  Richmond,  Howard;  Ninth  District.  John  W. 
Burson.  Delaware;  Tenth  District.  John  A. 
Mitchell.   Noble;   Eleventh    District,    Alfred    Keel, 

White. 

The  committee  elected  Hon.  A.  H. 
Conner  as  chairman. 

The  energies  of  the  organization  up 
to  the  time  of  the  National  convention 
were  largely  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
Mr.  Colfax,  who  was  a  candidate  for  Vice- 
President.  The  work  of  the  Indiana 
delegation   at  Chicago  was  incessant  and 


effective,  nor  did  the  Indiana  delegation 
offer  any  resistance  to  the  third  plank  of 
the  National  platform,  which  repudiated 
the  greenbackism  of  the  State  platform 
thus  : 

We  denounce  all  forms  of  repudiation  as  a 
National  crime;  and  the  National  honor  requires 
the  payment  of  the  public  debt  in  the  uttermost 
good  faith  to  all  creditors  at  home  and  abroad,  uol 
only  according  to  the  letter,  but  the  spirit  of  the 
laws  under  which  it   was  contracted. 

The  National  Democratic  convention 
had  nominated  Horatio  Seymour  and  the 
Republicans  selected  as  their  standard 
bearers  Grant  and  Colfax.  The  nomina- 
tion of  Colfax,  while  due  primarily  to  his 
great  ability,  was  also  due  in  a  large 
measure  to  the  fact  that  Indiana  was  so 
close  a  State  as  to  la-  doubtful,  and  it  was 
believed  that  his  nomination  would  help 
the  National  ticket  in  this  State. 

The  following  were  nominated  for  Con- 
gress in  the  various  districts  : 

First  District,  James  C.  Watch;  Second  Dis- 
trict, Walter  Q.  Gresham;  Third  District,  Robert 
N.  Lamb;  Fourth  District,  Geo.  W.  Julian;  Fifth 
District.  John  Coburn;  Sixth  District,  Win.  W. 
Carter;  Seventh  District.  Godlove  S.  Orth;  Eighth 
District.  Daniel  D.  Pratt;  Ninth  District.  John  I'. 
C.  Shanks;  Tenth  District.  William  Williams; 
Eleventh   District,  Jasper  Packard. 

The  campaign  was  prosecuted  with 
great  energy  and  witlt  great  bitterness. 
Hendricks  was  again  heading  the  Demo- 
cratic State  ticket,  and  his  political  adroit- 
ness and  great  ability  in  political  organi- 
zation inspired  his  party  with  hope  and 
confidence.  The  organization  of  each 
party  was  remarkably  close  and  effective, 
and  tlic  demonstrations  were  enormous 
affairs.  When  the  votes  were  counted  in 
(  h-tober  it  w;is  found  that  the  Republicans 
had  none  to  spare.  Baker  was  elected 
Governor  by  less  than  1,000  votes,  and 
the  others  on  the  Republican  ticket  pulled 
through  by  slightly  larger  majorities.  The 
defeat  in  October  so  thoroughly  disheart- 
ened the  Democrats  anil  gave  such  a 
momentum  to  the  enthusiasm  of  the  Re- 
publicans that  Grant  carried  the  State  in 


40 


HISTORY    <>F   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


November  by  nearly  1.0,000  votes,  and 
seven  of  the  eleven  Congressional  districts 
went  Republican,  electing  Messrs.  Julian, 
Ooburn,  Orth,  Pratt,  Shanks,  Williams 
and  Packard. 

CAMPAIGN  OF   L870. 

The  victory  of  1868  was  turned  to 
defeat  two  years  later.  The  change 
cannot  be  ascribed  to  any  single  cause. 
Dissatisfaction  with  the  distribution  of 
patronage  by  the  National  administra- 
tion, growing  opposition  to  reconstruction 
measures  of  Congress  and  the  growing 
greenback  sentiment  all  had  something  to 
do  with  it.  The  chief  cause,  however, 
was  a  peculiar  fight  over  the  Senatorship 
in  L869.  The  legislature  in  lsiis  was  to 
elect  a  colleague  to  Morton  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  and  there  was  much  specu- 
lation as  to  whom  Morton,  who  held  the 
organization  of  the  party  in  the  hollow  of 
his  hand,  might  select  for  this  honor.  It 
was  the  general  impression  that  his  favor- 
ite was  Will  Cumback,  though  Morton 
never  did  anything  of  a  public  nature  to 
indicate  his  choice.  Cumback  was  nomi- 
nated for  Lieutenant-Governor,  and  when 
the  Senatorial  caucus  was  held  he  was 
selected  as  the  nominee  of  the  party  for 
Senator.  The  day  before  the  election, 
however,  Governor  Baker,  who  was  be- 
lieved to  be  a  candidate  for  Senator  him- 
self, permitted  one  of  his  friends  to  read 
upon  the  floor  of  the  State  Senate  a  letter 
received  by  him  from  Mr.  Cumback  before 
the  State  convention  and  his  own  reply 
thereto.  Cumback  had  been  a  candidate 
for  Governor,  and  his  letter  ran  as  fol- 
lows : 

I  ihink  Hendricks  will  lie  chosen  by  the  Dem- 
ocrats (as  candidate  for  Governor),  and  he  will 
certainly,  if  lie  intends  to  inspire  hope  among  his 
friends,  resign  his  position  (as  Senator).  The  per- 
son appointed  by  you  will,  other  things  being 
equal,  stand  the  besl  chance  in  be  eh, ism  by  our 
legislature,  ir  you  "ill  assure  me  of  the  appoint- 
ment I  will  withdraw  from  the  contest  I'm'  any 
position  on  the  State  ticket  and  take  tin-  position 


of  elector  mi  the  State  convention.  II'  this  propo- 
sition does  not  meet  with  your  approval,  please 
return  this  letter  to  me. 

To  which  Baker  answered  : 

The  proposition  is  corrupt  and  indecent,  and  I 
feel  humiliated  thait  any  human  being  should  mea- 
sure me  by  so  low  a  standard  of  common  morality 
as  to  make  it. 

The  reading  (lf  these  letters  created  a 
tremendous  sensation,  and  threatened  a 
great  split  in  the  party.  A  large  number 
of  the  Republican  members  took  the  same 
view  that  Governor  Baker  did  and  were 
unwilling  to  support  Mr.  Cumback,  and 
Cumback's  followers  were  so  incensed  that 
they  would  not,  under  any  circumstances, 
vote  to  make  Governor  Baker  Senator. 
Finally  the  two  factions  compromised  by 
electing  Daniel  D.  Pratt,  of  Logansport, 
then  serving  as  a  member  of  Congress. 
Cumback  was  very  much  more  moderate 
than  his  friends  in  this  crisis.  While  tbe 
two  Senators  joined  in  a  recommendation 
for  a  foreign  mission  for  him,  and  this 
mission  was  offered,  he  declined,  but  nev- 
ertheless went  into  the  next  campaign 
with  great  vigor  and  the  support  of  the 
whole  Republican  ticket.  He  counseled 
bis  friends  to  do  the  same,  but  he  found 
it  easier  to  control  himself  than  his  follow- 
ers, and  the  incident  had  a  considerable 
effect  in  the  struggle  of   IsTo. 

The  State  convention  met  in  Indianapo- 
lis on  February  22,  1*70,  and  adopted  the 
following  platform  : 

We  congratulate  the  country  on  the  restoration 
of  law  and  order  in  the  late  rebellions  Stales. 
under  the  reconstruction  measures  adopted  by  the 
general  government,  and  upon  the  prevalence  of 
peace  and  return  of  fraternal  feeling  among  the 
people  of  all  the  States,  under  a  Constitution  se- 
curing an  equality  of  political  and  civil  rights  to 
all  citizens,   without  distinction  of  race  or  color. 

'-'nil.  Thai  we  reverence  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  as  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 
and  a  wise  embodiment  of  the  principles  of  free 
government,  and  following  its  teachings  we  will 
adopt  from  time  to  time  such  amendments  as  are 
necessary  more  completely  to  establish  .justice,  in- 
sure domestic  tranquility,  .and  secure  the  blessings 
of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity;  and  that 


OK    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


t  1 


we  rejoice  at  the  satisfaction  of  the  Fifteenth 
Anit'iiiliiu'iit  which  forever  securi  s  an  equality  of 
political  rights  to  all  men,  and  we  extend  to  tin- 
colored  man  a  helping  haml  to  enable  him  in  the 
race  of  life  to  improve  arid  elevate  his  condition. 

3rd.  That  the  National  debt  created  in  the 
defense  and  preservation  of  the  Union,  however 
great  the  burden,  must  be  cheerfully  borne  until 
honorably  and  honestly  extinguished  in  accord- 
ance with  the  letter  and  spirit  of  the  several  laws 
authorizing  the  debt:  and  that  all  attempts  at  re- 
pudiation of  principal  or  interest  should  meet  the 
scorn  and  denunciation  of  an  honest  and  patriotic 
people. 

4th.  That  we  demand  in  every  department  of 
the  Government  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest 
the  strictest  economy  in  all  expenditures  consist- 
ent with  the  requirements  of  the  public  service; 
the  reduction  and  abolishment  of  all  extravagant 
fees  and  salaries;  the  closing  of  all  useless  offices 
and  the  dismissal  of  their  incumbents,  and  all  ef- 
forts to  these  ends  in  Congress  or  elsewhere  have 
our  unqualified  approval. 

oth.  That  a  reduction  of  taxation  is  de- 
manded, both  of  tariff  anil  internal  taxes,  until  it 
readies  the  luwest  ainiiunt  consistent  with  the 
credit  and  necessities  of  the  Government :  and  that 
we  are  in  favor  of  a  tariff  for  revenue,  believing 
that  a  proper  adjustment  of  duties  must  neces- 
sarily afford  all  the  incidental  protection  to  which 
any  interest  is  entitled. 

6th.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  a  currency 
founded  on  the  National  credit,  as  abundant  as  the 
trade  and  commerce  of  the  country  demand;  and 
that  we  disapprove  of  all  laws  in  reference  thereto 
which  establish  monopoly  or  inequality  therein. 

Tth.    That  we  are  opposed  to  the  donation  of 

the  public  lands,  or  the  grant  of  subsidies  in 
money  to  railroads  and  other  corporations;  and 
that  we  demand  the  reservation  of  the  public  do- 
main for  the  use  of  actual  settlers  and  educational 
purposes. 

8th.  That  we  reaffirm  that  "of  all  who  were 
faithful  in  the  late  war.  there  are  none  entitled 
to  more  especial  honor  than  the  brave  soldiers  and 
seamen  who  endured  the  hardships  of  campaign 
and  cruise,  and  imperiled  their  lives  in  the  service 
of  their  country,  and  the  bounties  and  pensions 
provided  by  law  for  those  brave  defenders  of  the 
Nation  are  obligations  never  to  be  forgotten,  and 
should  be  paid  without  cost  to  the  recipient.  The 
widows   and    orphans   of   the   gallant    ih  nil    are    the 

wards  of  the  Nation-  a  sacred  legacy  bequeathed 

to  the  Nation's  protecting  care." 

9th.  That  we  approve  the  general  course  of 
our  Senators  and  Republican  Representatives  in 
Congress  and  express  our  full  and  entire  confi- 
dence that  they  will  act  with  wisdom  and  integrity 
in  all  that  concerns  the  welfare  of  the  | pie;  and 


that  we  tender  thanks  to  Senator  Morton  for  his 
exertions  in  so  shaping  tin-  legislation  of  Congress 
on  the  reconstruction  of  the  late  rebel  States,  as 
to  secure  the  passage  of  the  Fifteenth  Amend- 
ment. 

loth.  That  we  endorse  the  administration  ol 
General  Oram  as  President  of  the  United  States. 
accept  the  increased  collections  of  revenue,  the 
reduction  of  expenditures,  and  the  payment  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  public  debt  as  a  fulfillment  ol 
his  promises  of  economy;  and  rejoice  that  the  vic- 
torious General  of  the  Union  armies  should  as  a 
civil  officer,  receive  the  last  of  the  rebel  States  in 
its  return  to  the  National  family. 

11th.  Inasmuch  as  all  Republican  govern- 
ments depend  for  their  stability  and  perpetuity  on 
the  intelligence  and  virtue  of  the  people,  it  is  the 
righl  and  duty  of  the  State  and  National  author- 
ities to  establish,  foster  and  secure  the  highest 
moral  and   intellectual  development   of  the  people 

12th.  That  taxation  for  county  and  oilier  local 
purposes  has  become  so  great  as  to  be  oppressive 
to  the  people;  that  our  system  of  county  adminis- 
tration needs  reform,  and  we  demand  of  our  rep 
resentatives  in  the  legislature  such  changes  in 
the  statuti  s  of  the  State  as  will  protect  the  pen 
pie  from  extravagant  tax  levies  by  local  author- 
ities; and  as  an  aid  to  this  needed  reform  we  favor 
a  reduction  of  the  fees  of  county  officers  to  a  stand 
ard  which  will  furnish  a  fair  and  reasonable  com 
pensation  for  the  services  rendered,  and  that  no 
officer  should  be  favored  with  salary,  fees,  or  per 
quisites  beyond  such  fair  and  reasonable  compen- 
sation. 

13th.  That  the  canal  stocks  issueii  under  the 
legislation  of  1846  and  1S47.  commonly  called  the 
"Butler  Bill,"  were  by  the  terms  of  the  contract. 
charged  exclusively  upon  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal  its  revenues  and  lands;  and  the  faith  of  the 
State  never  having  been  directly  or  indirectly 
pledged  for  the  payment  or  redemption  thereof. 
saiil  canal  stocks  therefore  constitute  no  part  of 
the  outstanding  debts  or  liabilities  of  tlie  Slate. 
That  the  Constitution  of  this  State  ought  to  be 
amended  at  the  earliest  practicable  period,  so 
as  to  prohibit  the  taking  effect  of  any  law  or  acts 
of  the  General  Assembly  proposing  to  recognize  or 
create  any  liability  of  the  State  for  the  said  canal 
stocks,  or  any  part  thereof,  until  such  proposition 
shall  have  been  submitted  to  a  direct  vote  of  tile 
people  of  tlie  Stale  anil  approved  by  them. 

14th.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  adminis- 
tration of  our  state  affairs  by  Governor  Baker  and 
his  associate  State  officers,  and  especially  congrat- 
ulate the  people  iliat  the  time  is  so  near  when  the 
State  debt    will   be  entirely   liquidated. 

The  following  ticket  was  nominated: 

Srm  turn  "/State— Dr.  Max  F.  A.  Hoffman. 
Auditor  of  State  -Major  John  1>    Evans. 


i-2 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Treasurer  of  State— General  R.  H.  Milroy,  Car- 
roll. 

Attorney-General — Hon.  Nelson  Trusler.  Fayette. 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction — Prof.  Barna- 
bas C.  Hobbs. 

Judges  Supreme  Court— Messrs.  J.  T.  Elliott. 
Charles  A.  Ray,  R.  C.  Gregory  ami  Andrew  L.  Os- 
borne. 

The  following  State  committee  was  se- 
lected: 

First  District.  Col.  John  W.  Foster.  Vander 
burg;  Second  District,  Or.  D.  W.  Voyles,  Floyd, 
Third  District,  Gen.  Benjamin  Spooner,  Dearborn; 
Fourth  District,  John  F.  Kibbey,  Wayne;  Fifth 
District,  Hon.  A.  11.  Conner,  Marion;  Sixtli  His 
triet,  Oen.  Charles  Cruft,  Vigo;  Seventh  District. 
Hon.  M.  C.  Culver.  Tippecanoe;  Eighth  District, 
D.  R.  Brown.  Hamilton:  Ninth  District,  John  W. 
Burson,  Delaware;  Tenth  District,  W.  A.  Woods, 
Elkhart:  Eleventh  District,  Col.  Joshua  Healy,  of 
Jasper. 

Conner  was  re-elected  chairman  and 
pursued  the  campaign  with  his  accustomed 
ability  and  vigor. 

The  following  were  Dominated  tor  Con- 
gress in  the  various  districts: 

First  District,  Henry  C.  Gooding;  Second  Dis- 
trict, Geo.  W.  Carr;  Third  District,  Henry  R. 
Prichard;  Fourth  District,  Jeremiah  M.  Wilson; 
Fifth  District.  John  Cotmrn;  Sixth  District,  Moses 
F.  Dunn;  Seventh  District.  Gen.  Hew  Wallace, 
Eighth  District,  James  V  Tyner;  Ninth  District. 
John  P.  C.  Shanks;  Tenth  District.  William  Wil- 
liams; Eleventh  District.  Jasper  Packard. 

The  State  election  came  on  October  11. 
and  the  Republican  ticket  was  defeated  by 
a  little  over  2,000  votes.  While  the  Re- 
publicans retained  a  majority  of  three  in 
the  State  Senate,  they  lost  the  House  by 
six  votes.  In  November  they  lost  the 
Seventh  District,  reducing  their  Congres- 
sional delegation  to  six,  Messrs.  Wilson, 
Coburn,  Tyner.  Shanks,  Williams  and 
Packard  being  elected. 

CAMP  AKIN  OF  1872. 

As  the  campaign  of  1872  approached 
National  questions,  as  usual,  came  to  the 
front  and  had  a  heavy  effect  upon  the 
voting.  The  greenback  sentiment  was  at 
its  height,  but  more  important  than  this 
for  the  time  was  the  bug-a-boo  of  Caesar- 
ism,    an   accusation   that   had   been    raised 


against    the    Grant    administration.       So 

strong  was  this  latter  that  a  convention 
of  men  calling  themselves  Liberal  Repub- 
licans was  held  at  Cincinnati  on  May  1, 
LS72,  and  nominated  Horace  Creeley  for 
the  Presidency.  The  Democrats  met  at 
Baltimore  in  July  and  ratified  these  nom- 
inations. In  September,  however,  the 
••straight  out  Democratic  convention" 
was  held  at  Louisville  and  nominated 
Charles  (TConner.  This  year  also  saw 
the  entrance  of  the  Prohibition  party  into 
National  politics.  Their  first  convention 
was  held  at  Columbus,  0.,  on  February 
22,  1872.  The  year  also  saw  the  first 
efforts  to  form  a  labor  party  when  the 
Labor  Reform  convention  met  at  Colum- 
bus on  February  21. 

The  Republican  State  convention  met 
in  Indianapolis  on  February  22,  1872,  and 
adopted  the  following  platform: 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana,  by  their  delegates 
in  convention  assembled  in  appealing  onee  more 
to  the  people  of  the  State  lor  the  support  of  their 
candidates    tor   public   office,    declare: 

1st.  That  in  the  future,  as  in  the  past,  we 
will  adhere  to  the  principles  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  (irmly  sustain  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  as  the  true  basis  of  popular 
freedom,  and  will  maintain  the  equal  rights  of  all 
men  before  the  law  and  the  authority  of  the  Na- 
tional Government  against  all  false  theories  of 
State  rights. 

2nd.  That  we  therefore  approve  of  the  acts 
of  Congress,  and  of  the  administration,  which  put 
the  rights  of  all  citizens  under  the  protection  of 
the  National  authority  when  they  are  assailed  by 
legislation,  or  by  the  violence  of  armed  associa- 
tions, whether  open  or  secret:  anil  we  demand  the 
enforcement  of  the  laws,  that  these  rights  may  be 
securely  and  amply  protected  wherever  and  when- 
ever invaded. 

3rd.  That  we  congratulate  the  country  on  the 
complete  restoration  of  the  Union;  and  now.  as 
heretofore,  the  Republican  party  remembers  with 
gratitude  our  brave  soldiers  and  seamen  who  im- 
perilled their  lives  in  the  service  of  their  country 
and  to  whom,  as  men  who  saved  the  Nation  in  the 
hour  of  her  peril,  we  owe  the  highest  honor;  and 
we  declare  that  our  obligations  to  them  shall  never 
be  forgotten,  and  we  demand  that  the  bounties 
now.  or  which  may  be.  provided  for  these  brave 
defenders  of  the  Nation,  shall  be  paid  without 
cost  to  the  recipients;  and  that  the  widows  and 
orphans   of    the   gallant    dead,    the    wards   of    the 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


43 


Nation,  shall  receive  the  Nation's  protecting  care, 
and  while  we  cheerfully  assume  all  these  burdens, 
we  cannot  forget,  and  the  American  people  can 
never  forget,  that  to  the  Democratic  party,  South 
and  North,  we  <>wc  all  the  calamities  of  the  late 
slaveholders'  rebellion,  and  the  debt  now  resting 
upon  the  industry  of  our  State  and  Nation. 

4th.  'Inat  we  endorse  tin-  action  of  Congress 
and  of  the  administration  in  maintaining  the 
traditionary  policy  of  the  Nation  of  living  in 
friendly  relations  with  other  governments,  yet 
avoiding  entangling  alliances  with  them,  as  evi- 
denced in  checking  hostile  expeditions  from  our 
shores,  refusing  to  interfere  in  domestic  revolu- 
tions, even  where  our  sympathies  are  strongly 
enlisted,  and  agreeing  to  the  arbitration  of  dis- 
puted claims,  while  demanding  admission  of  the 
wrong  done. 

5th.  That  we  approve  the  action  of  Congress 
and  of  the  present  administration  in  all  their  ef- 
forts to  reduce  expenditures  in  the  several  depart 
meuts.  and  in  the  reduction  of  the  tariff  and  in- 
ternal taxes  as  rapidly  as  tin-  exigencies  of  the 
Government  will  admit,  while  continuing  to  main 
tain  tin-  public  credil  by  the  sure  and  gradual 
payment  of  the  debt  of  the  Nation  ami  by  dis- 
charging the  obligations  due  her  soldiers,  sailors 
and  pensioners. 

6th.  That  we  favor  all  efforts  looking  to  the 
development  of  the  great  industrial  interests  of 
the  State,  and  we  request  our  Senators  and  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress  to  use  their  influence,  in 
any  revision  of  the  tariff,  to  secure  to  the  coal  and 
iron  interests  of  our  State  all  the  incidental  pro- 
tection consistent  with  a  due  regard  to  the  princi- 
ples of  reducing  the  burden  of  taxation. 

7th.  That  the  adherence  of  Congress  and  the 
administration  to  the  present  financial  policy,  in 
spite  of  the  hostility  of  political  opponents,  has 
been  fully  justified  by  the  payments  made  on  the 
public  debt,  and  in  the  stability,  security  and  in- 
creased confidence  it  has  given  to  all  the  business 
affairs  of  the  country. 

8th.  That  the  financial  affairs  of  the  State  and 
Nation  should  be  conducted  on  the  principles  of 
economy,  and  to  this  end  all  useless  offices  should 
be  abolished,  fees  and  salaries  limited  to  a  fair 
compensation  tor  the  services  rendered,  ami  by 
prohibiting  the  allowance  of  all  perquisites,  and 
by  avoiding  all  unnecessary  appropriations  and 
expenditures,  and  in  this  State  we  favor  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  offices  of  Agent  of  State  and  State 
Printer. 

9th.  That  we  are  opposed  to  granting  further 
donations  of  public  lands  to  railroads  or  other 
corporations,  and  we  demand  thai  the  public  do- 
main lie  reserved  for  the  use  of  actual  settlers,  the 
discharge  of  the  obligations  of  the  country  to  its 
brave  defenders,  and  the  purpose  of  general  edu- 
cation. 


10th.  Thai  Congress  ought  to  interfere  for  the 
protection  of  immigrants,  to  shield  them  from  the 
unjust  exactions  levied  upon  them  in  the  shape 
of  capitation  taxes,  under  the  laws  of  New  York 
and  other  seaboard  States,  the  true  policy  of  the 
country  being  to  extend  a  cordial  invitation  to  the 
citizens  of  other  countries  to  cast  their  lot  with  us. 
and  share  on  terms  of  perfect  equality  the  bless- 
ings which  we  enjoy. 

11th.  That  we  approve  the  efforts  being  made 
for  the  vindication  of  honest  government  by  the 
exposure,  removal,  and  punishment  of  corrupt 
officials,  whether  of  municipalities,  State  or  Na- 
tion: we  hail  such  exposures  undeterred  by  fears 
of  party  injury,  as  proof  of  the  integrity  of  the 
party:  and  we  spurn  the  attempts  of  the  opposi 
tion  to  turn  these  efforts  at  self-purification  into 
proofs  of  party  venality;  and  we  demand  of  all 
public  officers  honesty,  sobriety,  and  diligence  in 
the  discharge  of  their  duties.  And  we  announce 
our  unrelenting  hostility  to  all  attempts  by  cor- 
porations, monopolies  or  combinations,  to  in- 
fluence elections,  or  the  Legislature  of  the  State, 
by  use  of  corrupt  means. 

12th.  Thai  as  a  general  dissemination  of 
knowledge  and  learning  among  the  people  is  es- 
sential to  the  existence  of  a  free  Republic,  we 
hold  the  public  free  schools  to  be  the  safeguard 
of  our  liberties  and  pledge  ourselves  to  cherish 
and  maintain  them. 

13th.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  such  a  revision 
of  our  criminal  code  as  will  secure  tile  more 
speedy  and  effectual  administration  of  justice  and 
such  wise  and  judicious  legislation  as  will  enforce 
individual  responsibility  lor  all  acts  affecting  pub- 
lic interests. 

14th.  That  the  efforts  now  oeing  made  by  the 
working  men  of  the  Nation  to  improve  their  own 

c lit  inti.  and   more  completely  to  vindicate  their 

independence  of  class  subordination,  meet  our  cor- 
dial approbation;  and  for  proof  that  the  Repub- 
lican party  is  the  true  friend  of  the  laborer,  we 
point  to  the  fact  that  while  opposing  all  attempts 
to  array  capital  and  labor  against  each  oilier  as 
mutually  destructive,  it  has  been  by  the  efforts 
of  this  party  that  labor  was  emancipated  from 
the  ownership  of  capital;  free  homesteads  pro 
vided  for  settlers  on  the  public  domain:  the  hours 
of  labor  reduced;  complete  equality  of  rights  es 
tablished  before  the  law;  and  therefore  we  invite 
laboring  men  to  seek  whatever  further  advantage 
or  amelioration  they  may  desire,  within  the  em- 
brace of  the  party  of  liberty  and  equality. 

loth.  That  tlie  joint  resolution  passed  by  the 
last  General  Assembly  proposing  to  amend  the 
Constitution  so  as  to  prohibit  the  Legislature  from 
ever  assuming  of  paying  the  canal  debt  which 
was  charged  exclusively  upon  the  Wabash  and 
Erie  canal,  under  the  legislation  of  1846  and  1.S4T. 
commonly  known  as  the  Butler  bill,  ought   to  be 


44 


HISTORY    (IF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


adopted  by  the  next  General  Assembly  and  sub- 
mitted  to  the  people  to  the  end  that  it  may  be 
ratified  ami  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution. 

16th.  That  we  endorse  the  administration  of 
Governor  Conrad  Baker  and  applaud  the  firm, 
able  and  courteous  manner  in  which  lie  lias  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  his  high  office,  and  we  great- 
ly regret  that  he  lias  net  had  the  co-operation  of 
a  Republican  Legislature  to  carry  out  the  various 
measures  proposed  for  the  reformation  of  abuses. 
I  lie  protection  of  the  people  against  fraudulent 
canal  claims,  and  the  further  development  of  the 
immense  resources  of  the  state. 

17th.  That  our  Senators  and  Republican  meiii- 
liers  of  Congress  deserve  tlie  approbation  of  their 
constituents  for  the  firm,  able  and  energetic  man 
ner  in   which  they  have  discharged   their  duties. 

18th.  That  the  administration  of  General 
Grant  has  been  consistent  with  the  principles  of 
the  Republican  party,  and  eminently  just,  wise, 
and  humane,  and  such  as  fulfills  his  pledges  and 
deserves  our  cordial  support.  And.  therefore,  we 
instruct  our  delegates  to  the  National  Convention 
to  vote  for  the  renominatioti  of  Grant  and  Colfax 
as  our  candidate  for  President  and  Vice  Presi- 
dent. 

There  were  three  candidates  before  the 
convention  for  the  Gubernatorial  nomina- 
tion:   Thomas   M.    Browne,    Gen.    Benj. 

Harrison,  and  Godlove  S.  Orth.  Browne 
was  nominated  for  Governor,  and  Orth 
was  nominated  for  Congressman-at- Large. 
The  census  of  1870  had  given  Indiana  two 
additional  Congressmen,  and  as  the  legis- 
lature had  not  yet  reapportioned  the  State, 
two  were  voted  for  at  large.  As  finally 
made  out  by  the  convention  the  ticket  was 
as  follows: 

Governor — Thomas  M.  Browne.  Randolph. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Leonidas  Sexton. 

(  'ongressmen  at  Large — Godlove  S.  Orth  and  Wil- 
liam Williams. 

Secretary  of  State— W.  W.  Curry.  Vigo. 

Auditor  of  State — James  A.  Wildman,  Howard. 

Treasurer  of  StaU — John  B.  Glover.   Lawrence. 

Attorney-General — James  C.  Denny,  Knox. 

Reporter  of  Supreme  Court — James  B.  Black. 
Marion. 

Clerk  of  Supreme  ''<>»/■/     James  Scholl,  Clarke. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  —  B.  W. 
Smith,  Marion. 

The  following  delegates  were  chosen 
for  the  National  convention: 

At   Large.  Gov.  Conrad   Baker,   lion.   II.  S.   Lane. 
Montgomery:  Gen.  Ceo.   K.  s le,  Parke;  Col.  J. 


C.  Slaughter.  Harrison:  Col.  C.  W.  Chapman.  Kos- 
ciusko: Cell.  Sol.  Meredith.  Wayne;  First  District. 
.1.  C.  Denny,  Knox:  Second  District,  Jesse  J. 
Brown.  Floyd:  W.  S.  Ferrier.  Clark:  Third  Dis- 
trict. Joseph  I.  Irwin,  ana  H.  C.  Vincent:  Fourth 
District.  J.  C.  Mcintosh,  Fayette,  and  c.  C.  Brink- 
ley,  Wayne;  Fifth  District.  D.  K.  Williamson.  Tut 
nam.  and  W.  E.  Sandebur.  Johnson;  Sixth  District. 
Cen.  Charles  Cruft,  Vigo:  and  .Maj.  J.  IS.  Mulkey, 
Monroe:  Seventh  District.  John  II.  Could.  Carroll. 
and  George  Nebeker,  Fountain:  Eighth  District,  T. 
Jay.  Howard,  and  Col.  M.  S.  Robinson.  Madison; 
Ninth  District.  Judge  M.  L.  Bundy.  Henry,  and 
Geo.  A.  Dent.  Adams;  Tenth  District.  Francis  Mc- 
Cartney and  W.  IL  Brammell;  Eleventh  District, 
Hon.  W.  G.  George,  St.  Joseph,  and  Col.  L.  t 
Hammond,  Jasper. 

The  State  committee  was  made  up  as 
follows: 

First  District.  Col.  John  W.  Foster.  Vander- 
burg,  Chairman:  Second  District.  D.  W.  Voyles. 
Floyd;  Third  District.  .1.  (J.  Berkshire.  Ripley: 
Fourth  District.  Adams  Leoge,  Hancock;  Fifth 
District.  William  Wallace.  Marion;  Sixth  District. 
L.  A.  Burnett,  Vigo;  Seventh  District.  J.  F. 
Parker,  Benton:  Eighth  District.  D.  R.  Browne. 
Hamilton;  Ninth  District.  J.  W.  Burson,  Dela- 
ware; Tenth  District.  John  D.  Duvall.  LaCrange; 
Eleventh   District.  Thos.  Bushnell,   White. 

Later  in  year  Leoge  of  Fourth  Dis- 
trict resigned  and  Geo.  M.  Sleet,  Rush. 
elected.  D.  W.  Yoyles.  who  was  nom- 
inated for  Congress  in  Second  District, 
resigned,    and   Horatio  Woodbury,  Floyd, 

elected. 

The  fight  of  1^7^  was  a  desperate 
struggle  all  over  the  country,  and  the 
National  committee  devoted  much  of  its 
time  to  Indiana,  recognized  as  a  close 
State. 

The  following  nominations  were  made 
for  Congress  in  the  districts: 

First  District.  Wm.  Heilinan:  Second  District. 
David  W.  Voyles;  Third  District.  Wm.  W.  Herod; 
Fourth  District.  Jeremiah  M.  Wilson;  Fifth  Dis- 
trict. John  Coburn;  Sixth  District.  Morton  C. 
Hunter:  Seventh  District.  Thos.  J.  Cason:  Eighth 
District.  James  N.  Tyner:  Ninth  District.  John  I'. 
C.  Shanks;  Tenth  District.  Henry  1'..  Sayler; 
Eleventh   District.  Jasper   Packard. 

Hendricks  again  headed  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket  and  the  State  election  in 
( ictolier  showed  mixed  results.  Hendricks 
was  elected  Governor,  but  the  Republicans 


(IF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


45 


elected  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  Secre- 
tary of  State.  Auditor  of  State,  Treasurer 
of  State.  Attorney-General,  Clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  Reporter  of  the  Su- 
preme Court.  In  November  the  Republi- 
cans succeeded  in  carrying  the  State  and 
electing  Orth  and  Williams  Congressmen- 
at-Large  by  majorities  of  300  or  400.  In 
the  districts  they  succeeded  in  electing 
Wilson.  Coburn,  Hunter.  Cason,  Tyner, 
Shanks.  Sayler  and  Packard.  The  Repub- 
licans, however,  carried  the  legislature 
and  re-elected  Morton  to  the  Senate  with- 
out opposition. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  <>F   ls74. 

The  Republican  legislature  that  gath- 
ered in  1873  was  the  undoing  of  the  party 
in  Indiana  for  a  long  number  of  years. 
In  Indiana,  as  elsewhere,  the  bulk  of  the 
temperance  sentiment  lay  within  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  the  effort  to  establish 
a  Prohibition  party  alarmed  the  leaders 
everywhere,  for  it  was  perfectly  evident 
that  if  such  a  party  was  to  acquire  any 
great  strength,  this  strength  must  be 
drawn  from  the  Republican  ranks.  The 
legislature  of  ls73  endeavored  to  meet  the 
danger  by  concession  and  passed  a  very 
stringent  anti-liquor  measure  known  as 
the  Baxter  law.  This  law  alienated  prac- 
tically the  whole  of  the  large  German 
population  of  the  State,  which  had  here- 
tofore acted  with  the  Republican  party. 
The  State  convention  met  at  Indianapolis 
in  June.  Is74.  and  was  presided  over  by 
Gen.  Benjamin  Harrison.  It  bad  been 
generally  conceded  that  the  State  officers 
elected  in  1872  should  be  renominated. 
and  very  little  interest  was  evinced. 

Aside  from  the  speech  of  Gen.  Harri- 
son on  taking  the  chair,  but  one  speech 
was  made  and  that  a  very  brief  one  by 
Col.  R.  W.  Thompson,  of  Terre  Haute. 
The  following  platform  was  adopted: 

The  Republican  party  appeals  witii  pride  and 
confidence  to  its  past  history,  in  proof  of  fidelity 


t.i  it^  principles  and  its  consistent  discharge  o£ 
duty  tu  the  country,  in  peace  ami  war.  These 
principles,  ami  tin-  measures  growing  nut  of  them, 
have  been  stamped  with  tin-  public  approval. 
There  is  now  no  taint  of  suspicion  resting  mi  its 
honor  as  a  party.  It  has  so  conducted  public  af- 
fairs that  at  the  last  Presidential  election  one  ol 
the  ablest  ami  must  earnest  defenders  of  its  pol- 
icy was  accepted  as  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  the  Presidency,  thereby  leaving  that  party  mi 
other  hope  of  future  success  than  may  be  found 
in  a  return  to  its  original  ami  abandoned  organiza- 
tion, or  in  negative  hostility  to  measures  it  has 
solemnly  approved.  It  recognizes  the  fact  that 
diversities  df  individual  opinion  will  exist  in  ref- 
erence to  details  of  public  policy,  and  dees  nut 
seek  or  expect  precise  agreement  among  its  mem- 
bers in  all  such  detail.  Unity  in  fundamental 
principles  is  all  that  can  reasonably  he  expected 
in  a  country  like  curs,  where  the  people  are  capa- 
ble and  intelligent.  Unlike  the  Democratic  party 
it  lays  no  claim  to  political  infallibility.  Hut  it 
(hies  claim  that  it  has  shown  itself  lmtli  ready  and 
competent  to  ivsisi  every  form  of  wrong  and  op 
piession,  to  restrain  injustice,  to  remove  the  pub- 
lic ills  when  they  are  known  to  exist,  to  condemn 
the  conduct  of  faithless  and  dishonest  public 
agents,  and  in  detect  and  expose  abuses  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  Government,  even  when  practiced 
by  its  professed  supporters.  It  has  never  failed 
in  the  work  of  reform,  when  shewn  to  be  neces- 
sary. Nc  offender,  detected  in  corruption,  has  es- 
caped its  condemnation,  no  matter  what  party 
services  he  may  have  rendered.  It  has  never  en- 
deavored to  defeat  the  public  will,  but  regards  the 
people,  and  not  mere  party  organizations,  as  the 
primary  source  of  all  political  power.  By  Credit 
Mohilier  investigation,  its  repeal  of  the  "salary 
grab"  saw  the  abolition  of  the  corrupting  moiety 
system,  and  of  the  Sanborn  contract,  ii  has  shown 
how  readily  ii  pays  obedience  to  the  public  judg- 
ment. By  its  searching  investigation  into  abuses 
in  tin'  District  of  Columbia,  and  its  prompt  con- 
demnation of  administrative  officers,  it  has  demon- 
strated its  unabated  hostility  to  the  demoralizing 

doctrine  that  "to  the  victors  belong  the  spoils  h 
office."  And  having  thus  secured  a  record  which 
defies  impeachment,  and  broughi  the  country  into 
its  present  condition  of  peace  and  prosperity  b\ 
measures  which  no  parly  is  reckless  enough  to 
assail,  it  has  left  no  practical  differences  to  settle 
except  upon  mere  i|Ueslioiis  of  administrative 
pi  licy.  And  yet  it  is  a  progressive  party— wedded 
to  no  class  ami  the  especial  interests  of  no  class- 
but  as  the  party  of  the  people,  it  suits  its  policy 
iii  each  step  in  the  progress  of  tiu.se  developm  'nts 
which  marl;  the  advancing  eras  of  our  prosperity. 
The  Republicans  of  Indiana,  therefore,  assem- 
bled in  state  Convention,  do  hereby  declare  their 
unchangeable  determination  to  adhere  to  all  the 
fundamental   principles  of  the   Republican  party. 


46 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  so  far  as  the  future  condition  of  the  country 
shall  require  their  enforcement. 

1st.  As  the  Dnion  remains  unbroken  and  the 
people  of  all  the  sections  are  airain  bound  together 
ns  brethren  by  a  common  destiny  and  under  a 
common  flag,  we  favor  such  measures  ;is  shall 
develop  the  material  resources  of  every  portion 
of  it:  secure  to  all,  of  every  class  and  condition, 
full  protection  in  all  the  just  rights  of  person  and 
prosperity:  remove  all  the  acerbities,  and  perpet- 
uate the  Nation  as  the  ■■.Model  Republic"  of  the 
world. 

2nd.  We  recognize  that  as  the  true  policy  of 
government  which  shall  harmonize  all  the  diver- 
sified interests  and  pursuits  necessarily  existing 
in  a  country  of  such  vast  extent  as  ours;  and  as 
this  can  he  done  only  by  so  directing  legislation 
as  to  secure  just  protection  and  reward  to  every 
branch  of  industry,  we  are  in  favor  of  giving  prec- 
edence to  those  measures  which  shall  recognize 
agricultural  and  mechanical  pursuits  as  entitled  to 
the  amplest  and  the  fullest  development  of  putting 
a  stop  to  large  grams  of  the  public  domain  to  rail- 
road corporations  and  reserving  it  for  settlement 
and  cultivation:  of  improving  the  navigation  of 
our  great  inland  rivers:  of  securing  cheap  trans- 
portation and  profitable  markets  for  the  products 
of  agricultural  ami  manufacturing  labor:  of  en- 
couraging such  manufactures  as  shall  bring  the 
producer  and  the  consumer  in  the  neighborhood 
of  each  other,  and  thus  to  establish  mutual  rela- 
tions between  them  and  those  engaged  in  com- 
merce and  transportation:  of  properly  adjusting 
the  relations  between  capital  and  labor  in  order 
that  each  may  receive  a  just  and  equitable  share 
■  if  profits  and  of  holding  those  in  the  possession 
of  corporate  wealth  and  privileges  in  strict  con- 
formity to  law.  so  that  by  these  combined  in- 
fluences the  people  of  all  the  varied  pursuits  may 
be  united  together  in  the  common  purpose  of  pre- 
serving the  honor  of  the  Nation,  of  developing  the 
immense  resources  of  every  section  of  the  Union 
and  of  advancing  the  social  and  material  prosper- 
ity of  all  its  industrial  and  laboring  classes. 

3rd.  We  are  in  favor  of  such  legislation  on 
the  subject  of  finances  as  shall  make  National 
banking  free:  as  shall  furnish  the  country  with 
such  an  additional  amount  of  currency  as  may 
l.c  necessary  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  agricultural, 
industrial  and  commercial  interests  of  the  country 
—to  be  distributed  between  the  sections  according 
to  population-  and  such  as.  consistent  with  the 
credit  and  honor  of  the  Nation,  will  avoid  the  pos- 
sibility of  permitting  capitalists  and  combinations 
of  capital  from  controlling  the  currency  of  the 
country. 

4th.  We  arc  in  favor  of  such  a  revision  of  our 
patent  right  laws  as  shall  destroy  the  oppressive 
monopoly  incident  to  the  present  system,  and  shall 
regulate  and  control  the  manufacture,  use  and  sale 


of    patent    right    articles,    for    the    benefit    alike   of 
the  inventor,  the  consumer  and  the  manufacturer. 

5th.  Thai  the  Republican  party  continues  to 
express  its  gratitude  to  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of 
the  Republic  for  the  patriotism,  courage  and  self- 
sacrifice  with  which  they  gave  themselves  to  the 
preservation  of  the  country  during  the  late  Civil 
War;  and  will  especially  recognize  the  services  of 
the  enlisted  men.  by  favoring  the  extension  from 
time  to  time,  as  the  ability  of  the  Government  will 
permit,  of  the  pension  and  bounty  laws. 

5th.  In  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  intem- 
perance is  an  evil  against  which  society  has  the 
right  to  protect  itself;  that  our  whole  system  of 
legislation  throughout  all  the  history  of  the  State 
litis  asserted  and  maintained  this  right,  and  it 
cannot  now  be  surrendered  without  yielding  up 
that  fundamental  principle  of  American  govern- 
ment which  places  the  power  of  passing  laws  in 
the  hands  of  a  majority;  therefore,  we  are  in  favor 
of  such  legislation  as  will  give  majority  of  the 
people  a  rigid  to  deti  inline  for  themselves,  in  their 
respective  towns,  townships  or  wards,  whether 
the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  for  use  as  a  bever- 
age shall  be  permitted  therein,  and  such  as  will 
hold  the  vendor  responsible  for  all  damages  re- 
sulting from  such  sales. 

7th.  We  favor  the  enactment  of  a  law  limiting 
the  power  of  township  trustees,  county  commis- 
sioners, and  municipal  authorities  to  assess  taxes 
and  increase  township,  county  or  municipal  in- 
debtedness. 

8th.  Inasmuch  as  great  abuses  have  grown  up 
under  our  present  system  of  fees  and  salaries,  we 
demand  such  legislation  as  will  so. reduce  and  reg- 
ulate all  fees  and  salaries  as  will  allow  no  more 
than  a  fair  anil  just  compensation  for  services 
rendered. 

lull.  We  look  witli  pride  and  satisfaction  upon 
our  common  school  system,  ana  regard  its  munifi- 
cent fund  as  a  sacred  trust  to  be  faithfully  and 
honestly  administered,  so  that  all  the  children  of 
the  State  may  lie  educated  in  the  duties  of  citizen 
ship  and  thereby  become  the  better  able  to  perpet- 
uate our  popular  institutions;  and  whosoever  shall 
seek  to  strike  it  down,  or  to  impair  its  usefulness 
will  meet  our  ceaseless  and  unrelenting  opposi- 
tion. 

Kith.  We  have  entire  confidence  in  the  integ- 
rity and  honor  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  our  Senators  and  Republican  Repre- 
sentatives ill  Congress  are  entitled  to  our  thanks 
for  the  zeal  with  which  they  have  represented  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party  during  the  pres- 
ent session  of  Congress;  and  the  Republicans  of 
Indiana  view  with  especial  pride  and  hearty  ap- 
probation the  course  of  Senators  O.  I*.  Morton  and 
D.  D.  Pratt  and  the  fidelity  and  ability  with  which 
they  have  represented  the  sentiments  of  the  people 
of  this  State. 


()F    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


47 


Tht'  old  ticket  was  renominated  as  fol- 
lows by  acclamation  : 

Secretary  of  State — W.  \V.  Curry 
Auditor  of  State — J.  A.  Wildman. 
Treasurer  of  State — John  B.  Glover. 

Attorney-General — James  C.  Denny. 
Judge  Supreme  Court — Andrew  L.  Osborne. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Prof   J. 
M.  Bloss. 

The    State    committee    was   selected   as 
follows: 

First  District.  .1.  C.  Veatch,  Spencer;  Second 
District,  K.  H.  <;.  Cavens,  Greene;  Third  District 
.1.  C.  McCampbell,  Clark;  Fourth  District,  J.  Y 
Allison.  Jefferson;  Fifth  District,  I..  .1.  Manks. 
Randolph;  Sixth  District,  T.  J.  Brady.  Delaware; 
Seventh  District,  Jacob  T.  Wright,  Marion;  Eighth 
District.  L.  A.  Burnett.  Vigo;  Ninth  District,  Jo- 
seph Mulligan,  Montgomery;  Tenth  District.  David 
Turner.  Lake:  Eleventh  District.  I>.  R.  Brown, 
Hamilton:  Twelfth  District.  R.  S.  Roberts,  Allen; 
Thirteenth  District.  II.  G.  Thayer.  Marshall.  (Jen. 
T.  J.  Brady  was  made  chairman. 

The  State  had  been  redislricted  by  the 
legislature  of  1*7:1  into  thirteen  Con- 
gressional districts,  and  the  nominees 
selected  were  as  follows  : 

First  District.  Wm.  Heilman;  Second  District. 
Levi  Ferguson;  Third  District.  James  A.  Cravens; 
Fourth  District.  Wm.  J.  Robinson;  Fifth  District 

Benjamin    F.    Clay] 1;   Sixth    District.    Milton    S. 

Robinson;  Seventh  District.  John  Coburn;  Eighth 
District.  Morton  C.  Hunter:  Ninth  District.  Thos. 
.1.  Cason;  Tenth  District.  Win.  II.  Calkins: 
Eleventh  District.  James  L.  Evans;  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict. Robert  S.  Taylor:  Thirteenth  District.  John 
II.  Baker. 

The  Republicans  made  a  spiritless  cam- 
paign, and  the  signs  of  defeat  were  in  the 
air  all  through  it.  and  when  the  <  >ctober 
election  came  on  their  expections  were 
verified  when  the  State  went  Democratic 
by  about  17,000  votes.  The  effects  of  the 
Baxter  law  were  seen  even  in  the  Con- 
gressional elections,  and  they  only  carried 
six  out  of  the  thirteen  districts,  electing 
Messrs.  New,  Robinson.  Hunter,  Cason. 
Evans  and  Baker.  The  legislature  was 
lost,  and  Pratt  was  succeeded  in  the  United 
States  Senate  by  Joseph  E.   McDonald. 


CAMPAIGN   (>F    ls7>:. 

Tt  was  not  in  Indiana  alone  that  the 
Democratic  party  had  been  gradually  re- 
covering its  strength  and  unity.  The  re- 
construction work  of  Congress  had  given 
rise  to  many  scandals,  and  the  Grant 
administration  had  been  the  subject  of 
vicious  attacks  throughout  the  country. 
All  the  war  issues,  except  that  of  readjust 
ing  the  financial  system,  had  been  settled, 
and  as  no  new  issues  had  come  up,  the 
country  was  deluged  in  every  campaign 
with  a  lot  of  recrimination,  personal  abuse 
and  charges  of  corruption.  The  Indiana 
Republicans  in  1  876  returned  to  their  time- 
honored  custom  of  holding  their  State  con- 
vention on  Washington's  birthday,  mainly 
for  the  purpose  of  launching  a  boom  for 
Morton  for  the  Presidency.  Upon  this 
point  the  convention  was  unanimous. 

Tlie  following  platform  was  adopted: 

We  will  remain  faithful  to  the  principles  of 
the  National  Republican  party  in  all  things  ion 
cerning  the  administration  of  National  affairs. 
until  every  right  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution 
shall  be  fully  secured  and  enjoyed,  until  all  exist- 
ing laws  shall  be  faithfully  executed,  and  such 
others  shall  be  passed  as  tire  necessary  to  that 
end— until  the  ballot  box  shall  be  protected  against 
all  frauds  and  violence— until  the  right  of  popular 
representation  shall  be  fully  vindicated,  and  until 
till  voters- whether  white  or  black— shall  be  so 
secured  in  the  right  to  cast  their  ballots  that  the 
laws  shall  rest  upon  "the  consent  of  the  governed." 

2nd.  We  do  not  recognize  the  right  of  a  State 
to  impede  the  execution  of  the  National  laws,  or  to 
impair  any  of  the  rights  conferred  by  them,  and 
hold  it  to  be  the  duty  of  the  Government  to  see  that 
these  laws  are  executed  in  every  State,  and  that 
these  rights  tire  enjoyed  without  impediment  or 
hindrance. 

3rd.  We  hold  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  to  be  a  Nation,  and  not  a  mere  coufedera 
tion  of  States;  that  it  represents  the  sovereign 
authority  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  and 
not  the  States,  and  that  as  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  the  National  Government  are  supreme,  no 
State  has  the  right  to  resist  or  impede  their  exe- 
cution, or  to  withdraw  from  the  Union  in  conse- 
quence thereof;  and  that  although  the  result  of  the 
late  rebellion  settled  this  question  against  the  right 
to  secede,  yet  the  future  harmony  and  safety  of 
the    Union    require   that    this   doctrine   shall    be    so 


4  s 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


condemned  that  under  no  possible  exigency  shall 
it  ever  be  revived 

4th.  While  we  believe  thai  the  National  Gov- 
ernment  is  entirely  independent  of  the  stales, 
when  acting  within  its  own  proper  circle,  we  also 
believe  that  the  Slate  Governments  are  entirely 
independent  of  the  National  when  acting  within 
their  own  proper  circles;  and  we  will  maintain 
this  independence  of  both  to  the  end  that  harmony 
may  exist  between  them,  that  the  National  wel- 
fare may  be  advanced,  and  thai  the  States  may  be 
secured  in  the  exercise  of  amide  jurisdiction  over 
all  their  domestic  affairs,  so  that  they  may  be  en- 
abled to  develop  their  material  interests  and  em- 
ploy all  tlie  means  necessary  to  the  intellectual 
and  moral  enlightenment  of  the  people. 

5th.  We  are  willing  and  anxious  to  restore 
entirely  amicable  relations  between  the  people  of 
the  Northern  and  those  of  the  Southern  States 
who  were  engaged  in  the  rebellion  and  with  a 
view  thereto  are  ready  to  forgive  and  grant  am- 
nesty to  all  those  wlio  desire  to  lie  forgiven  and 
amnested,  but  we  are  neither  ready  nor  willing 
to  extend  tins  forgiveness  and  amnesty  to  those 
who  remain  unrepentant  for  their  attempt  to  de- 
stroy the  Onion,  or  to  place  the  rebellion  and  those 
wlio  fought  on  its  side  upon  an  equality  with  the 
cause  of  the  Union  anil  the  gallant  soldiers  who 
defended  it.  We  believe  that  the  war  for  the 
Union  was  right  and  the  rebellion  wrong,  and  that 
thus  it  should  forever  stand  in  history. 

nth.  We  have  no  wish  to  see  disfranchised 
any   officer,   soldier  or   citizen    who  defended   the 

cause  of  the  Confederacy,  and  lias  1 a  amnested 

under  the  existing  laws,  but  when  faithful  Union 
soldiers  who  were  honestly  discharging  the  duties 
of  office  have  been  removed  to  make  place  for  any 
of  these,  the  act  is  so  flagrant  an  insult  to  the 
Union  cause  and  those  who  risked  their  lives  for 
it.  that  it  deserves  the  rebuke  and  condemnation 
of  the  whole  country,  and  the  special  censure  of 
every  loyal  soldier. 

7th.  We  believe  that  in  conducting  the  civil 
service,  men  should  lie  selected  for  office  on  ac- 
count of  their  qualifications,  integrity,  and  moral 
character,  and  not  on  account  of  mere  party  serv- 
ice, in  order  that  thereby  the  public  business  may 
he  faithfully  conducted,  administrative  economy 
secured  and  the  patronage  of  the  Government 
lie  so  dispensed  that  it  shall  not  be  brought  "in 
conflict  with  the  freedom  of  elections.*' 

8th.  We  believe  that  all  men  are  equal  before 
the  law,  and  that  ibis  great  and  fundamental  prin- 
ciple of  our  free  institutions  cannot  be  departed 
from  without  violating  their  genius  and  spirit; 
and  in  order  that  equal  justice  shall  be  done  to 
all  and  special  privileges  conferred  on  none,  it  is 
the  duty  of  the  Government  to  provide,  by  all 
necessary  laws,  for  its  preservation  and  enforce 
ment. 


!lth.  We  insist  on  perfect  religious  freedom, 
and  freedom  of  conscience  to  every  individual; 
are  opposed  to  any  interference  whatever  with  the 
church  by  the  State,  or  with  the  State  by  the 
Church,  or  to  any  union  between  them;  and  in  our 
opinion  it  is  incompatible  with  American  citizen 
ship  to  pay  allegiance  to  any  foreign  power,  civil 
or  ecclesiastical,  which  asserts  the  right  lo  in- 
clude the  action  of  civil  governments  within  the 
domain  of  religion  and  morals,  because  ours  is  a 
"Government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for 
l  he  people"  and  must  not  be  subject  to  or  inter- 
fered with  by  any  authority  not  directly  responsi- 
ble to  them. 

loth.  A  country  so  bountifully  supplied  as 
ours  is  witli  all  the  sources  of  wealth,  possessing 
unsurpassed  capacity  for  production,  every  neces- 
sary facility  for  the  growth  of  mechanic  and  man- 
ufacturing arts,  and  all  the  agencies  of  labor, 
needs  only  the  fostering  aiil  of  the  Government 
to  establish  its  material  prosperity  upon  a  durable 
basis;  in  our  opinion,  therefore,  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  Government  to  so  regulate  its  revenue  system 
as  to  give  all  needful  encouragement  to  our  agri- 
cultural, mechanical,  mining  and  manufacturing 
enterprises,  so  that  harmonious  relations  may  be 
permanently  established  between  labor  and  cap- 
ital,  and  just   remuneration   be   secured    to   both. 

11th.  In  our  opinion  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
Government,  in  passing  laws  for  raising  revenue. 
so  lo  lay  taxes  as  to  give  the  greatest  possible  ex- 
emption to  articles  of  primary  necessity,  and  to 
place  them  most  heavily  upon  the  luxuries  and 
the  wealth  of  the  country. 

12th.  We  believe  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
Government  in  furnishing  National  currency  so 
to  regulate  it  as  to  provide  for  its  ultimate  re- 
demption in  gold  and  silver;  that  any  attempt  to 
hasten  this  period  more  rapidly  than  it  shall  be 
brought  alioitt  by  the  laws  of  trade  and  commerce 
is  inexpedient;  therefore,  in  our  opinion,  so  much 
of  the  so-called  resumption  acl  as  lixes  the  time 
for  the  resumption  of  specie  payments  should  be 
repealed;  and  after  such  repeal  the  currency 
should  remain  undisturbed— neither  contracted  nor 
expanded,  we  being  assured  that  the  financial 
troubles  of  the  country,  when  relieved  from  inter- 
ference, will  be  speedily  and  permanently  cured  by 
the  operation  of  the  natural  laws  of  trade,  and  by 
preserving  that  course  of  policy  which  the  Repub- 
lican party  has  constantly  maintained  of  steadily 
looking  to  an  ultimate  resumption  of  specie  pay- 
ments. 

13th.  The  greenback  currency  was  created  by 
the  Republican  party  as  a  matter  of  absolute  ne- 
cessity to  carry  the  Government  successfully 
through  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  and  save  the 
life  of  the  Nation;  it  met  the  tierce  opposition  of 
the  Democratic  party  on  the  declared  ground  that 
it  was  unconstitutional  and  would  prove  worth- 
less, and  if  this  opposition  had  been  successful  the 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


l:- 


war  would  have  resulted  in  the  independence  of 
the  Southern  Confederacy.  If  the  Democratic 
party  was  sincere  in  this  opposition,  one  of  its  ob- 
jects in  now  seeking  to  obtain  possession  of  the 
Government  must  be  to  destroy  this  currency. 
along  with  that  furnished  by  the  National  banks, 
so  that  the  country  may  be  compelled  to  return  to 
the  system  of  local  and  irresponsible  hanking 
which  existed  under  the  administration  of  Mr. 
Buchanan;  and  therefore  as  it  is  necessary  that 
this  currency  shall  be  maintained  in  order  to  save 
the  country  from  the  most  ruinous  system  of  local 
and  irresponsible  banking,  and  from  consequent 
financial  embarrassments,  its  best  interests  re- 
quire that  it  shall  be  left  in  the  hands  of  it* 
friends  and  not  be  turned  over  to  its  enemies. 

14th.  When  the  Republican  party  obtained 
possession  of  the  Government  in  1S<!1  the  annual 
expenditures  were  greater  than  the  receipts  from 
revenue,  in  consequence  of  a  general  derangement 
in  commerce  and  trade  brought  on  by  maladminis- 
tration. A  large  amount  of  Treasury  notes  had 
been  issued  and  thrown  upon  the  market  to  make 
up  the  deficiency;  the  credit  of  the  United  States 
was  below  par.  and  in  addition  to  these  embarass 
litems,  it  inherited  from  the  administration  of  Mi-. 
Buchanan  a  domestic  war  of  immense  proportions; 
yet  it  has  so  conducted  the  Government  that  its 
credit  has  been  placed  above  par,  and  its  bonds 
are  sought  after  in  all  the  great  money  markets 
of  the  world,  notwithstanding  the  magnitude  of 
the  war.  and  the  debt  necessarily  occasioned 
thereby;  and  the  revenues  have  been  so  increased 
and  so  faithfully  collected  and  economically  ap- 
plied   that    in   addition    to   the   ordinary   expenses 

over  $500,000,000    of    the    public    debt  have  1 n 

paid,  and  regular  monthly  payments  are  made 
thereon  and  thus  the  absolute  necessity  of  contin- 
uing the  policy  by  which  these  results  have  been 
achieved  is  fully  demonstrated. 

15th.  We  remain,  as  heretofore,  irrevocably 
opposed  to  the  payment  of  any  part  of  the  rebel 
debt,  or  to  any  payment  whatever  for  emanci- 
pated slaves,  or  the  property  of  rebels  destroyed  ill 
war. 

16th.  We  demand  that  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  as  well  as  that  of  this  State,  shall 
be  administered  with  the  strictest  economy  con 
sistent   with  the  public  safety  and  interest. 

17th.  The  ordinai.ee  of  17S7  made  it  the  duty 
of  the  States  formed  out  of  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory to  forever  encourage  schools  and  the  means 
of  education  as  necessary  "for  extending  the  prin- 
ciples of  civil  ami  religious  liberty."  Washington 
declared  that  ■■the  education  of  our  youth  in  the 
science  of  government"  is  necessary  to  prepare 
them  for  becoming  "the  future  guardians  of  the 
liberties  of  the  country."  Jefferson  placed  educa- 
tion "among  the  articles  of  public  care."  Madison 
said  that  by  its  general  diffusion  it  would  en- 
lighten   the  opinions,   expand   the   patriotism,   and 


assimilate  the  principles  and  sentiments  of  the 
people,  and  thereby  "contribute  not  lev-  to 
strengthen  the  foundations  than  to  adorn  the 
structure  of  our  free  ami  nappy  system  of  govern- 
ment," and  the  people  of  this  State,  having  by 
the  Constitution  approved  the  principles  that  it  is 

the  duty  of  the  State  t lucate  all   her  children. 

and  having  thus  made  it  an  essential  feature  of 
our  system  of  State  government,  we  shall  regard 
all  opponents  of  our  public  schools  as  assailing  a 
fundamental  principles  of  free  government,  ami 
shall  not  falter  in  our  support  of  them  until  every 
child  in  the  State  has  1 n  furnished  with  a  com- 
mon school  education  and  shall  be  taught  in  the 
fundamental  principles  of  free  popular  govern- 
ment: anil  we  shall  demand  a  faithful  administra- 
tion of  the  school  law  and  the  strictest  economy 
in  the  disposition  and  expenditures  of  the  funds, 
which  should  remain  undivided,  so  that  instead  of 
the  public  schools  being  conducted  with  a  view 
to  prepare  students  for  colleges  and  professions, 
they  may  continue  what  they  were  designed  to  be. 
the    schools   of    the    people. 

18th.  Inasmuch  as  all  Republican  govern 
incuts  depend  for  their  stability  and  perpetuity 
upon  the  intelligence  and  virtue  of  the  people,  it  is 
the  right  and  duty  of  the  State  and  National  ad- 
ministration to  foster  and  secure  the  highest  moral 

and    intellectual    development    of    the    i [ile.    and 

no  laws  should  be  enacted  that  are  despotic  in 
character,  or  disregard  the  wishes  of  the  majority. 

19th.  We  have  not  forgotten,  and  shall  not 
forget,  the  services  rendered  to  the  cause  of  the 
Union  by  our  gallant  soldiers  and  seamen  during 

the    war   of   the    rebellion— how    firmly    they    st 1 

amid  the  leaden  hail  of  battle,  how  patiently  and 
heroically  they  endured  the  hardships  of  camps 
and  field,  and  what  terrible  afflictions  some  of 
them  suffered  as  prisoners  of  war.  The  honor  id' 
the  Nation  is  pledged  to  provide  bounties  and  pen- 
sions for  them,  and  to  take  care  of  the  widows 
and  orphans  of  those  who  have  lost  their  lives  in 

the  defense  of  the  (  Sovernment  a  nil  upon  this 
we  shall  earnestly  and  constantly  insist. 

20th.  The  administration  of  General  Grant 
commands  our  fullest  confidence  and  approbation 
-our  respect  for  him  as  a  man  of  unspotted  honor 
and  as  a  statesman  of  wisdom  and  prudence  and 
our  admiration  for  his  high  qualities  as  a  soldier 
remain  unabated,  and  we  especially  commend  him 
for  the  example  he  will  leave  to  his  successors  of 
removing  from  office  those  of  his  own  appoint- 
ment when  he  has  found  them  to  be  unfaithful 
and  of  causing  those  who  have  proved  dishonesl 
to  be  so  prosecuted  that  "no  guilty  man  shall  .- 
cape." 

l!lst.  In  our  opinion  the  lion.  Oliver  1'.  Morion 
possesses  in  an  eminent  degree  the  ability  and 
qualities  which  tit  him  for  the  office  of  President 
of  the  United  states.  During  his  service  as  Gov- 
ernor of  t liis.   state,   when   the    Union   was   iu   the 


50 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


utmost  peril,  he  displayed  executive  abilities  of  the 
very  highest  order,  and  his  Senatorial  career  has 
been  distinguished  by.  such  statesmanlike  wisdom 
,-is  in  win  the  approbation  of  the  whole  country. 
We  know  his  faithfulness  to  every  public  trust,  his 
earnest  devotion  to  the  cause  of  the  Union,  li  s 
unflinching  advocacy  of  the  rights  of  the  op- 
pressed, and  therefore  presenl  his  name  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention  for  nomination 
for  the  office  of  President. 

The  following  State  ticket  was  put  in 
the  field : 

(ionriinr— Godlove  S.  Orth,  Tippecanoe 

Lieutenant-Governor— Robert  S.Robertson,  Allen. 

Judges  Supreme  Court — First  District.  Win.  P. 
Edson.  Posey;  Second  District,  A.  C.  Vbris.  Lau- 
rence; Third  District.  H.  C.  Newcomb,  Marion; 
Fourth  District.  J.  F.  Kibbey,  Wayne. 

Secretary  of  State — Isaiah  P.  Watts.   Randolph. 

Auditor  of  State — Wm.  M.  Hess.  Hendricks. 

Treasurer  of  stuff— George  F.  Herriott,  Johnson. 

Attorney-General — Jonathan W.  Gordon,  Marion. 

Reporter  Supreme  Court — L.  T.  .Miller.  Warren. 

( 'lerk  Supreme  <  'ourf— Charles  Scholl.  Clarke. 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction  —  Oliver  H. 
Smith.  Spencer. 

The  following  delegates  to  the  National 
convention  were  selected  tinder  instruc- 
tions to  vote  and  work  for  Morton: 

At  Large,  Col.  K.  W.  Thompson,  Vigo;  Will 
Cumback.  Decatur;  James  X.  Tyner,  .Miami;  Gen. 
Thomas  M.  Browne,  Randolph.  First  District 
Wm.  Heihnan,  Vanderburg,  and  R.  T.  Kercheval. 
Spencer;  Second  District,  Gen.  I. a/..  Noble,  Knox. 
and  X.  R.  Peckinpaugh,  Craw  turd;  Third  District 
J.  H.  McCampbell,  Clark,  and  Simon  Stansifer. 
Bartholomew;  Fourth  District,  Col.  II.  Tripp,  Jen- 
nings, and  Wm.  .1.  Baird.  Switzerland;  Fifth  Dis 
trict,  R.  M.  Haworth,  Union,  and  ('apt.  John 
Schwartz,  Dearborn;  Sixth  District,  Simon  T. 
Powell,  Henry,  and  Asbury  Steele.  Grant;  Seventh 
District.  L.  M.  Campbell,  Hendricks,  and  .7.  ('.  S. 
Harrison,  Marion;  Eighth  District,  Ani/.i  L.  Mun- 
sen.  Lawrence,  and  W.  K.  Edwards,  Vigo;  Ninth 
District,  M.  II.  Bunnell,  Boone,  and  Henry  Taylor. 
Tippecanoe;  Tenth  District.  I-:.  Merrifield,  Porter, 
and  E.  W.  Niker,  of  St.  Joseph;  Eleventh  District, 
t'ol.  K.  (J.  Shryock,  Fulton,  ami  .1.  R.  Cray.  Ham- 
ilton; Twelfth  District,  George  Arnold.  Wells,  and 
A.  W.  DeLong,  Huntington;  Thirteenth  District,  B. 
I..  Davenport,  Elkhart,  and  James  s.  Frazier,  Kos- 
ciusko. 

Tlie  State  committee  was  made  up  as 
follows: 

First  District,  .las.  ('.  Veatch,  Spencer:  Second 
District,  Win.  Armstrong.  Daviess;  Third  District, 
A.  .1.  Hy.  Clark;  Fourth  District,  James  Y.  Allison, 


Jefferson;  Filth  District,  I..  J.  Monks.  Randolph; 

Sixth  District,  Thos.  1'..  Adams.  Shelby:  Seventh 
District.  X.  It.  Ruckle.  Marion:  Eighth  District, 
Ceo.  W.  Friedley,  Lawrence;  Ninth  District,  Thos. 
Underwood.  Tippecanoe:  Tenth  District.  Andrew- 
Hall.  Newton;  Eleventh  District,  Wm.  Thompson, 
Howard;  Twelfth  District.  J.  I!.  White.  Allen: 
Thirteenth  District,  II.  G.  Thayer.  Marshall.  Ceo. 
W.  Friedley  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee. 
hut  his  campaign  was  prosecuted  under  very  great 
difficulties. 

In  the  first  place  the  Republicans  failed 
in  their  hope  of  nominating  Morton,  and 
the  convention  which  met  in  Cincinnati 
on  June  14  named  Hayes  for  the  Presi- 
dency. The  Democrats,  in  their  National 
convention  at  St.  Louis  ten  days  later. 
took  advantage  of  this  situation  in  Indiana 
and  nominated  Hendricks  for  Vice-Presi- 
dent, thus  enlisting  upon  their  side  what- 
ever State  pride  might  contribute  to  success 
in  Indiana.  But  the  most  troublesome 
thing  the  Republicans  had  to  meet  was  a 
fierce  attack  upon  Godlove  S.  Orth  by  the 
Democratic  press  and  a  number  of  inde- 
pendent Republican  papers  throughout  the 
State.  During  the  preceding  session  of  Con- 
gress Orth  had  been  chairman  of  the  House 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  which 
had  under  consideration  certain  claims  of 
citizens  of  the  United  States  against  the 
republic  of  Venezuela.  It  was  intimated 
that  damaging  charges  would  lie  made 
against  Orth  in  connection  with  the  ad- 
justments of  these  claims.  There  was  never 
any  foundation  for  a  charge  and  none  was 
ever  brought.  As  a  matter  of  tact  Hon. 
S.  E.  A.  Bridges,  a  Democratic  member 
of  the  committee,  afterwards  declared 
that  these  intimations  of  a  possible  charge 
were  maliciously  false,  and  the  whole 
matter  seemed  to  have  been  a  campaign 
scheme  manufactured  without  any  hasis. 
Nevertheless  the  managers  of  the  Repub- 
lican campaign  were  frightened  not  a  little 
at  the  prospect  of  these  mysterious  charges 
of  which  they  knew  nothing,  and.  after 
various  consultations,  Orth  voluntarily 
resigned  from  the  ticket.  The  State  com- 
mittee met  and  nominated  Gen.  Benjamin 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA.  5] 

Harrison  for  the  Governorship       Harrison  Voorhees,  who  led  the  Indiana  Democracy 

was   in    Michigan   at   the   time,    and  was  for  so  many  years  afterwards,  entered  the 

notified  of  his  selection  by  wire     He  re-  Senate  by  appointment   of  Governor  Wil- 

plied,  protesting  that  he  could  not  accept  Hams.      En  the  November  election  the  State 

the  nomination,  lmt  the  selection    of  the  went  Democratic  by  only  about  4, 500  votes, 

committee  had  already  been  publicly  an-  and  the  Republicans  succeeded  in  electing 

nounced,    and.  upon    representations  that  nine  out  of  the  thirteen  members  of  Con- 

his  declination  would  ruin  all  prospects  of  gress: 

party    success,    he     reluctantly    accepted.  Messrs.  Leonidas  Sexton  hi  the  Fourth  District; 

'1'he  Democrats  had    nominated   James   ]).  Thomas  M.   Browne  in  the   Fifth  District;  Milton 

Williams  tor  the   Governorship.      The    In  s    Robinson  in  the  Sixth  District;  John  Hanna  in 

,.  ,.      ,  ,  ,,        .     ,,     i        j      „  the   Seventh    District;    Morton   C.    Hunter   in    the 

dianapolis  Joi(TOO«  was  then  in  the  handsof  ,..,,,.  ,,    ,    „., .  ,     ...,,. 

1  Eighth  t)istriet:  M.  I  >.  \\  liite  in  the  Ninth  district; 

men  who  have  since  sold  it.  and  the  nomi-  w    u    Caikins  hl  the  Tenth  District;  .1.  I..  Evans 

nation  of   Williams  broughl  forth    a    most  in    the    Eleventh    Disti'iet;    .1.    H.    Baker    in    the 

unfortunate  editorial,  in  which  the  dread-  Twelfth  District.    Mr.  C.  A.  DeBrueler  was  defeat- 

,.   ,     ,  ,     .,     .    \\--n-  ii  ,,|1  i"  the  First  District,  Louis  T.   Loveless  in  the 

I ul  charge  was  niaile  that    \\  ilhams  could  ,     „  ,      ,„,  .   , 

6  Second    District.   Jesse   K.    Newsoni    in    the   Third 

not  rise  to   the  dignity  of   a  Gubernatorial  District,  and  Win.  A.  Bouhain  in  the  Twelfth  Dis- 

oftice   because   of   Ins   plain    and    homely  triet. 


This  was  the   first    National  campaign 


ways.      And  in  support  of  this  argument 

it   was  declared   that  he  would    probably  ,  •  ,  i     ,,     .    \ 

1  .■  m     which      it     was     charged     that     lay: 

come  into  the  Governor's  office  dressed    in  .  ,      T    ,. 

amounts  of   money  were  sent    to    Indiana 

blue  ieans.      The    Dei -rats    were  quick  ,       ,,       ^T   ,         ,  ...  ..  ,,       . 

•'  .  1  by   the   National  committees   or  the   two 

to    set'  the  point,  and  their  candidate  for  ,.  ,.  .■  , 

1  great   parties  for  purposes  of  corruption. 

Governor  was  afterwards  known  as   Blue  'IT  1^4-1  1  *,,, 

How  much    of    these   charges    were    true 

Jeans  Williams.      Those  who  are  aware  of  .,    .        ,     .       ,  •,  ,      .      ,  ,-, 

it    is   obviously  impossible   to   know,    tor 

the  tremendous  effect  of  the  coon  skin  cap  ,,     .  c  ,u-        ■  .    ,       ,  1    1    ;,, 

1  that  sort    ot   thing    is   never    recorded    in 

in  the  Harrison  campaign   of   LS40   may  ,,     ,         1      1  •.      i     .        <.   ■     u  ;    +1,  +.  *i, 

1     s  •  black  and  white,  but  certain  it  is  that  the 

well   imagine   the  effect    of    this   sort     of  ■■  1  f     1    ,. .  1      „ 

&  _  amounts  ot  money  supposed  to  have  been 

thinn'  upon  the  plain  fanners  of   Indiana  t   i-  e  v   *•   ,     1 

&.    J  '  ,  sent    into    Indiana     from     .National    com- 

Harrison    made    a   heroic  campaign,    and  ,  ,  ,  ,      ,      „  -1   ,,  1,. 

1     '  mittees  have  always    been  tremendousl} 

twice  or  thrice  a  day  his  inimitable  oratory  ,    ■, 

exaggerated. 

aroused  enthusiasm  among  his  adherents. 

But  the  tide  of  circumstances  was  against  CAMPAIGN   <  >F   L878. 

him,  and  the  October  election  showed  the 

triumph  of  Williams  and  the   Democratic  In  L  87  8  the  Republicans  returned  to  the 

ticket  by  about  13,000  plurality.      During  tight    with   renewed  courage,  but  made  a 

their    long    possession   of    the   legislature.  losing  battle.      The  State  convention   was 

however,  the  Republicans  had  gerryman-  held  at  [ndianapolis  on  June  5  and  adopted 

deredthe  State  to  some  extent,  and  though  the  following  platform: 

there    was    a     majority    of     four    against  The  Republicans  of  Indiana,  in  convention  as- 

them  in  the  State   Senate,  they  had    fifty-  sembled,  make  the  following  declaration  of  prin- 

three  members  of  the  House,  giving  them  clPles: 

.      .  .  .    .  '  '  The  maintenance  of  the  groat  principles  ol  ih" 

a  majority  of  two  on  joint  ballot.      Morton  Republican  ,,.„.„.  as  ,.ss,,„iai   to  the  peace,  per- 

was  re-elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  maneney.  and  prosperity  of  the  Nation.    The  righi 

without  opposition,  but   his  death,  shortly  of  the  people  to  meel   together  and  discuss  their 

...  1  ■      ,,  ■    ,    .  1   C4.  grievances    to    be    jealously    guarded    and    main- 

after  entering  upon    Ins   third    term,    left  ,       '  , 

Jf       '  tained:   1. 111    (lwrrminrd   i»jii»..«it  1..11    1..   lawlessness 

the  Indiana  Republicans   without  a  repre-  ,„.  ,,,  .lllN   regor|  ,,,  Eorce  aucl  violence,  as  subver 

sentative  of  the  Senate,    and    Daniel    W.  sive  of  the  public  peace,  injurious  to  public  morals 


52                                                   HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

;iiid  destructive  of  the  rights  and  interests  of  :ill  public  measure  is  so  sacred  thai  they  will  not  vio- 
classes.  Equal  rights  before  the  law  and  equal  late  it  to  obtain  a  party  advantage.  The  cry  of 
protection  under  the  law,  withoui  regard  to  race.  fraud  in  regard  to  the  last  Presidential  election  is 
creed,  condition  or  occupation.  No  exclusive  priv-  a  disguise  to  conceal  the  illegal  and  forcible  means 
ileges  to  individuals  or  classes.  Opposition  to  all  by  which  voters  in  the  Southern  States  wrw  in- 
subsidies— National,  State,  county  or  municipal.  timidated,  and  thousands  in  all  the  States  were 
The  common  school  system  to  be  cherished  and  sought  to  be  corrupted;  and  the  unblushing  man- 
perfected,  and  to  thai  end  the  school  fund  should  cer  in  which  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party 
not  lie  diverted  to  sectarian  purposes.  Rigid  econ-  undertook  to  buy  the  votes  of  Presidential  electors 
oniy  in  all  expenditures— National.  State,  county  with  money  proves  them  unworthy  the  public  con- 
and  municipal.     A  just   limitation  upon  taxes  for  fidence. 

State,   county,   township  and   municipal   purposes.  The  denial  of  the  title  of   President    Hayes  is 

Opposition  to  any  increase  of  municipal  indebted  an   act    of   party   desperation,   and    the  attempt    to 

uess.     Strict  accountability   upon   the  part   of  all  oust    him    from   office   is   revolutionary    resistance 

public  officers.     The  just  reduction  and  equaliza-  to  law.  and  if  it  is  not  condemned  by  the  people  it 

Hon  of  all  fees  and  salaries.     Such  legislation  as  will   furnish  a   precedent    by   which   any   defeated 

will  secure  to  all  persons  laboring  for  and  furnish  party    may    issue    its    declaration    in    opposition    to 

Ing  supplies  to  railroad  and  other  corporations  full  law,  rally  its  supporters  to  acts  of  violence,  plunge 

payment    for    their    labor    and    material.      An    in  the   country    into    anarchy,    and    thus    Mexicanize 

creased  exemption  of  property  from  execution,  and  and   destroy  our   institutions. 

a  liberal  homestead  law.     Such  legislation  as  will  The  electoral  commission   was  constitutionally 

protect   the  life  and  secure  the  comfort   of   miners  created  by  the  act  and  consent  of  the  Democratic 

and   laborers  engaged   in  hazardous  occupations.  party  in  Congress;  and  its  decision,  subsequently 

A  constitutional  amendment   providing   for  strict  confirmed,    was   final   .and   conclusive    upon   every 

registration   and   election   laws.      Full   commenda-  department    of   this   Government.     There   can    be 

tion  of  and  sympathy  with  all  efforts  for  peisonal  no  appeal  from  ii  except  by  revolution;  its  decision 

reformation.     American    industries   to   be   encour-  makes  the  title  of  President  Hayes  equal  to  that 

aged  and  fostered  by  such  legislation  as  will  de-  of  any  former  President;  and  we  recognize  in  his 

velop  the  material   resources  of  the  country,   and  personal  integrity,   as   well  as  the  general  course 

give  full  measure  of  employment   and   reward   foi  of   his  administration,   the   guarantee   that   he   will 

labor.     Opposition  to  repudiation  in  all  its  forms;  conduct    the    Government    so   as    to    preserve    the 

the   honor   ami    credit    of    the    Nation    to    lie    main-  honor    and    promote    the    happiness    of    the    whole 

tained  in  every  contingency.     No  abandonment  or  country. 

depreciation  of  the  greenback  currency.     A   sound  We   solemnly   pledge   ourselves   to   support    and 

and   stable  currency  of  gold,   silver,   and   paper   of  maintain    President    Hayes   and    the   lawfully   con- 

the  same  value.     National  legislation  authorizing  stituted   authorities  of  the  Government   in   resist 

the  receipt  of  greebacks  at  par  in  payment  of  cus  ing  revolution. 

touts  and  in  the  purchase  of  Government  bonds  At  this  the  first  opportunity  presented  the  Re- 
Opposition  to  further  financial  agitation,  stability  publicans  of  Indiana  in  this  capacity,  we  desire  to 
in  our  financial  system  being  essentia]  to  business  place  on  the  permanent  records  of  the  party  a 
prosperity.  Union  soldiers  are  entitled  to  all  tribute  of  our  high  appreciation  of  the  character 
honor,  and  their  displacement  and  the  substitution  and  services  of  Oliver  P.  Morton.  What  he  has 
of  rebel  soldiers  as  employes  by  the  National  done  for  his  country  and  his  State  is  now  history 
House  of  Representatives  should  be  condemned  by  We  can  never  forget  his  intrepid  leadership  ami 
every  patriotic  citizen.  Opposition  to  the  payment  his  unselfish  devotion  to  the  public  weal.  The  peo 
of  Southern  claims  arising  out  of  the  rebellion.  pie  of  Indiana  must   ever  regard  and  cherish  the 

We  denounce    the    action   of   the    Democratic  memory  of  him   whose   name  and   fame   are  now 

House  of  Representatives  in  demanding  payment  the  common  heritage  of  the  Nation. 
of  over  two  hundred  million  dollars  of  rebel  claims 

as  a  conspiracy  against  the  Government,  less  open  The   following'  State  ticket   was  noini 

but  not  less  dangerous  than  armed  rebellion.  tilted- 

We  denounce  the   Democrats   in   the   House  of 

Representatives  for  their  lawless  action  in  unseat-  Secretary  of  State— Isaac  S.  Moore.  Vanderburgh 

ing  Republican  Representatives  fairly  and  legally  Auditor  of  State— Abram  O.  Miller.  Boone, 

elected,   and    in   giving  their  places   to   partisans.  Treasurer  of  State  -George  F.  Herriott,  Johnson. 

regardless  of  the  right  of  election  by  the  people.  Attorney-General— Daniel  P.  Baldwin,  Cass. 

The  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  are  seek  Superintendent    Public    Instruction  —  Jacob    T 

ing  to  make  it  a  revolutionary  party;  they  will  not  Merri»-  Tippecanoe. 

submit  to  the  repose  of  the  country,  or  leave  the  .                         .                              -, 

people  to  their  peaceful  pursuits  so  long  as  they  '  he  st;,ttJ  committee  was  made  up  as 

have  hope  of  profit  by  agitation;  and  no  law  or  follows: 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


53 


First  District  Thus.  .1.  Scott.  Gibson;  Second 
District.  Win.  Armstrong,  Daviess;  Third  District. 
W.  II.  Fogg,  Clark:  Fourth  District.  John  Over- 
meyer,  Jennings;  Fifth  District.  W.  W.  Dudley. 
Wayne:  Sixth  District.  Geo.  F.  Chittenden  .Mad- 
ison; Seventh  District.  Solomon  Blair,  Marion; 
Eighth  District,  YV.  K.  Edwards,  Vigo;  Ninth  Dis- 
trict. D.  O.  Bayles.  Clinton;  Tenth  District.  Horace 
E.  James.  Jasper;  Eleventh  District,  Joseph  R. 
Gray,  Hamilton;  Twelfth  District.  A.  W.  DeLong. 
Huntington;  Thirteenth  District.  II.  G.  Thayer. 
Marshall.     Mr.  Blair  was  made  chairman. 

In  the  districts  the  following  nominees 
for  Congress  were  named: 

First  District.  Win.  Heilman;  Second  District. 
Richard  M.  Welinan:  Third  District.  A.  E.  S.  Dong; 
Fourth  District.  Eeonidas  Sexton;  Fifth  District. 
Tin  s.  M.  Browne:  Sixth  District.  Win.  Grose;  Sev- 
enth District.  John  Hanna;  Eighth  District. 
Morton  ('.  Hunter;  Ninth  District.  Godlove  S. 
Orth;  Tenth  District.  Win.  II.  Calkins;  Eleventh 
District.  Calvin  Cowgill;  Twelfth  District.  .1  dm 
Studebaker;  Thirteenth  District.  John  II.  Baker. 

The  election  in  (  >ctober  was  disastrous, 
the  State  going  Democratic  by  ahout  14.- 
000.  The  November  election  did  not  help 
matters  much,  though  Mr.  Heilman  suc- 
ceeded in  turning-  over  the  First  District. 
The  Fourth.  Seventh  and  Eighth  Districts 
were  lost,  and  those  that  were  carried  were 
pulled  through  with  greatly  reduced  ma- 
jorities, the  Fifth  by  less  than  1,000,  the 
Sixth  by  something  over  300  and  the  Ninth 
by  about  ninety-eight. 

The  following  members  were  elected: 

Messrs.  Heilman.  Browne,  ('rose.  Orth.  Calk- 
ins. Cowgill  and  Baker. 

CAMPAIGN  <)F   L880. 

When  the  campaign  of  1880  came  on. 
the  Republicans  began  to  pull  themselves 
together  for  a  tremendous  effort.  Defeat 
had  had  the  effect  of  chastening  and  uniting 
the  party,  and  the  leaders  went  to  work  in 
a  sensihle  way.  to  secure  the  most  valuable 
candidates  for  a  State  ticket  and  the 
strongest  possible  organization  of  the 
party. 

The  State  convention  was  held  on 
June  17.  1880.  and  the  following  platform 
adopted: 


The  Republicans  of  Indiana  in  convention  as- 
sembled, reaffirm  tin'  truth  of  the  declarations 
made,  and  fully  indorse  the  resolutions  adopted 
by  the  National  convention  assembled  at  Chicago 
mi  the  2nd  of  June,  1880. 

In  the  nominees  of  the  Chicago  convention  we 
recognize  representative  men  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  statesmen  who  may  well  he  entrusted, 
with  the  administration  of  our  National  Govern- 
ment, and  we  heartily  commend  them  to  the  sup- 
port of  the  people. 

Resolved,  That  as  an  inflexible  principle  of 
personal  liberty,  we  maintain  the  right  of  locomo- 
tion, including  the  right  of  foreigners  to  emigrate 
hither  and  become  American  citizens,  and  the 
right  of  native-born  citizens  to  migrate  from  one 
State  to  another  without  vexatious  investigation 
as  to  their  motives  for  doing  so. 

2nd.  That  we  favor  such  State  legislation  as 
will  protect  the  people  from  imposition  by  the  dis 
holiest  procurement  of  promissory  notes  payable 
in  bank,  without,  however,  impairing  the  validity 
of  commercal  credits. 

3rd.  That  we  congratulate  the  people  of  In- 
diana upon  the  adoption  of  the  constitutional 
amendments  recently  submitted  under  which  the 
purity  of  the  ballot  box  may  be  secured,  increased 
economy  in  the  government  attained,  the  speedy 
administration  of  justice  provided  for,  and  extrav- 
agant   municipal    taxation    prevented.      And    we 

point  to  the  open  Hostility  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Democratic  party  to  these  salutary  provisions  as 
evidence  of  the  insincerity  of  their  professions, 
their  unfaithfulness  to  the  public  welfare,  and 
their  unfitness  to  administer  the  State  Government 
recognizing  at  the  same  time  the  patriotism  and 
independence  of  the  large  mass  of  the  Democratic 
party  who  gave  those  amendments  their  support 

4th.  That  we  reaffirm  our  devotion  to  the 
system  of  free,  common,  unsectarian  schools  as 
the  source  of  popular  intelligence,  and  indispens- 
able to  the  perpetuity  of  free  Government. 

5th.  That  the  gratitude  of  the  country  to  those 
brave  men  who  periled  their  lives  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  Union  is  a  perpetual  debt  which  must 
never  be  forgotten,  and  the  duty  of  Congress  to 
embody  this  sentiment  in  the  form  of  laws  for 
their  substantial  benefit   is  imperative. 

6th.  That  we  favor  all  proper  measures  tend- 
ing to  develop  the  great  agricultural  and  mineral 
resources  of  our  State,  and  especially  such  wise 
and  wholesome  laws  as  will  insure  the  comfort 
and  safety  of  those  engaged  in  the  dangerous 
work  of  mining;  and  recognizing  existing  defects 
in  our  laws  we  favor  such  further  legislation  as 
will  secure  to  all  laborers  a  speedy  and  effectual 
enforcement  of  their  rights  as  against  all  corpora- 
tions and  individuals. 

7th.  That  all  laws  on  the  subject  of  fees  and 
salaries  shall  be  made  so  as  to  afford  justice  to 
the  citizen  and  a  fair  compensation  to  the  officer. 


54  HISTORY    <>K   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

[n  casting  about  for  a  candidate,  many       '-•    Kuniler.    Tippecanoe;    Tenth    District,   D.  w. 

Tumi  iisi.il.  Cass;  Eleventh  District,  A.  W.  De- 
Long,  Huntington;  Twelfth  District.  Robert  Strat 
ton,  Allen;  Thirteenth  District.  W.  C.  Graves,  Kos- 


itiost   popular  men   in   the  State.      Porter 
was  nominated  for  Governor  by  acclama- 


eyes  had  been  turned  to  Albert  (>.  Porter, 

who  had  been  phenominally  successful  in 

his  contests  for  Congress  in  the  Richmond      crrcsko.    The  committee  elected  as  its  chairman, 

district.      He    was    known    as    one   of    the      John  C.  New.  who  proved  one  of  the  best  organiz 

ers  the  party  has  ever  known.  Clinton  C.  Riley 
was  made  secretary  of  the  committee  and  .lames 
A.  Wildman  treasurer.     Mr.  New  appointed  an  ex- 

tion,    but    declined    the    nomination.      The      ecutivt imittee  composed  of  W.  H.  H.  Terrell. 

convention,    however,    would    heat-    of    no      William  W.  Dudley,  Charles  Kahlo.  Isaac  Jenkin 

,      ,.  ,    •  ,.  ,11         son,  Denrv  S.  Bennett.  Alex.  \Y.  DeLong  and   M 

declination,  and  in  a  scene  ot  remarkable     ,,,,,.',,,,, 

11.    McKay,      lie   also   had    an   anil, tin-   committee 

enthusiasm   insisted   upon   his  acceptance.       composed    of   .lames    a.    Wildman,    Theodore    P. 

The  rest  of  the  ticket  was  made1  up  as  fol-       Haughey  and  William   Wallace. 

lows: 

Ihe  regular  party  organization  tins  year 

Governor — Albsrt  G.  Porter,  Marion.  .  .1  -i        ,       i-i4.i     i      ,i 

r.    .        .  _  _,  ,,  was  strengthened  not  a  little  by  the  organ- 

Lieutenant-Govemor— Thomas  Hanna,  Putnam.  &  ■  s 

Judges  Supreme  Court-Third  District,  Byron  K.       ization  of   the  "Young    Men's   Republican 
Elliott.  Marion;  Fifth  District.  Wm.  A.  Woods,  Elk       Club  of    Indiana'"      Campaign   chilis    had 

art  become  common  during  the  National  canv 

Secretary  of  State— E.  R.  Ha wn.  Crawford.  .  „ 

htditor  of  State    Ed    A    Wolfe   Rush  paign.  but  this  year  a  systematic  effort  was 

Treasure-!  of  State — Roswell  S.  Hill,  flay.  made  to  organize  a  club  in  every   hamlet, 

Attorney-General— Daniel  P.  Baldwin,  Cass.  .,,„]  ,i„.v  were  combined  into  a  State  organ- 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— John  M.       ■      ,.       '    .,,    ,,      ,  „  ffi 

n,        ,.     ,    ,  ization  with  the  following  officers: 

liloss,  \  anderburg.  ° 

Clerk  Supreme  Court— Daniel  M.   Royse,  Tippe-  President— John  O.  Hardesty.  Terre  Haute. 

canoe.  Vice-Presidents— C.  S.   Denny,  Indianapolis;  W. 

Reporter  Supreme  Court— Francis  M.  Dice.  Foun  S.  Wright,  Logansport;  E.  W.  Brady,  Munuie;  C.  H. 

tain.  McCarer,  Evansville. 

,           .  Secretary — Charles  F.  Robbins.  Indianapolis. 

hor  the  first  tune  tins   year  the  Repub-  Assistant-Secretary-TheoOoreShockiiey,  Union 

licans  began  a  new  method  of  organizing  City, 

the  party.      Heretofore   the  district   mem-  Treasurer— Rowland  Estss,  Noblesville. 

,            ,.  , ,      ~,    ,                  ...       ,      ,  .             ,  Executive  Committee— First    District,    John   J. 

bers  of  the  btate  committee  had  been  chosen     ,,    ,  ,.     ,.         ■,,      Q        i    ,,■.■,    ,->,     , 

Marlett.  Evansville;  Seoond  District,  Charles  G. 
by  the  delegates  to  the  State  convention  McCord.  Vincennes;  Third  District,  James  W.  Dun- 
meeting   in   district   caucuses.      This   year,       bar,  New  Albany ;  Fourth  District,  Eugene  G.  Hay. 

however,   the  State  convention   was  held      ^ad!s°n;  Klf"'  J**™*1  filas  t»T '  Grfe'lcastle  = 

sixth  District,  A  C  Lindemutn,  Richmond ; Seventh 
after  the  National  convention,  and  it  was  District,  James  L.  Fletcher.  Indianapolis;  Eighth 
necessary  to  bold  district  conventions  for  District,  M.  L.  Diall.  Terre  Haute;  Ninth  District, 
the    purpose    of    electing    delegates    to    the       "     U'   Sterrett'    Zionsville;    Tenth    District.    W.    S. 

Wright.  Logansport;  Eleventh  District,   C.  C.  Cow- 


National  convention.  At  these  district 
ins  it  was  decided  to  elect  the  mem 
if   the   State  committee  so  that   tin 


..ill.  Wabash:  Twelfth  District,  J.  E.  McClasky.  La 
elections  it  was  decided    to  elect  the   mem-       grungs;  Thirteenth  District,  W.  H.  Calkins, Laporte. 


Will 


The  following  delegates  were  sent  to  the 

'sol  organizing  the  party  could  be  put      v  4-       ,  V       ',     +1      r  ±  ■ 

°  .       l  l  National  convention    liv  the  district   meet- 


niider  way  early.      At  these  district   meet 
ings  the  following  members  of  the  State 
committee  were  elected; 


nn 


I'itst   District.  Win.  M.  Hoggatt,  Warrick,  and 

Alexander  Gilchrist,  Vanderburg;  Second  District. 

t'irsi   District,  Henry  s.  Bennett,  Vanderburg;       Samuel    E.     Kereheval,     Daviess,    and    John     B. 

Second   District,   R.  .1.    Evans,    Knox;  Third    His-       Glover,  Lawrence;  Third  District..!.  II.  Friedley, 

trict,  M.  M.  Hurley.   Floyd;   fourth   District,  John        Scott,  and  W,  II.  Slemmons,  Ilarrismi;  Fourth  His 

Ovei yer,  Jennings;  Fifth  District.  .1.  II.  .Ionian.        trict,  John  II.  Crozier,  Jefferson,  and  F.  A.  Adkin- 

Morgan;  Sixth  District.  Isaac  .Tenkinson,  Wayne;  son.  Dearborn;  Fifth  District.  .1.  B.  Homan,  Hen- 
Seventh  District,  John  ( '.  New.  .Marion:  Eighth  dricks,  and  Capt.  l ».  E.  Heein.  Owens;  Sixth  Dis 
District,  H.  II.  Bondinot,  Vigi  ;  Ninth  District,  A.       trict,  Milton  Peden,  Henry,  and  Thomas  M.  Little, 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Fayette;  Seventh  District,  R.  O.  Hawkins.  .Marion. 
and  .1.  B.  McFadden.  Shelby:  Eighth  District. 
W.  R.  McKeen,  Vigo,  and  Enos  II.  N'ebeker,  Foun- 
tain; Ninth  District,  Judge  B.  K  Higginbotharn, 
Clinton,  and  I>r.  <;.  B.  Chittenden,  Madison;  Tenth 
District.  P.  s.  Bedell,  Lake  and  John  \V.  Weimer, 
White:  Eleventh  District,  J.  F.  Vail,  Howard,  and 
J.  J.  Todd,  Wells:  Twelfth  District,  Win.  M.  Clapp. 
Noble,  and  Charles  K.  Baxter,  DeKalb;  Thir- 
teenth District.  Clement  Studebaker,  St.  Joseph, 
and  State  Senator  Davenport,  Elkhart. 

A  State  convention  called  for  the  special 
purpose  elected  four  delegates  at  large,  as 
follows: 

Gen.  Benjamin  Harrison,  of  .Marion:  D.  B. 
Kninler.  of  Vanderburg;  George  W.   Friedley,  of 

Lawrence,   and  James  C.   Collins,   of   Whitley. 

Tile  following  candidates  for  Congress 

were  put  in  the  Held: 

First  District.  Wm.  lleilnian:  Second  District, 
.lames  Braden;  Third  District.  Allien  P.  Charles: 
Fourth  District.  John  O..  Cravens;  Fifth  District. 
Wm.  B.  F.  Treat:  Sixtli  District.  Thos.  M.  Browne; 
Seventh  District.  Stanton  .1.  Peelle;  Eighth  Dis 
trict,  R.  K.  F.  Fierce:  Ninth  District,  Godlove  S. 
Orth;  Tenth  District.  Mark  L.  Demdtte;  Eleventh 
District,  Geo.  W.  Steele;  Twelfth  District,  Roberl 
S.  Taylor:  Thirteenth   District.   Wm.   II.   Calkins. 

The  campaign  of  1880  was  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  fights  in  the  history  of 
I  his  State.  It  wascharged  that  the  Repub- 
lican National  committee  and  the  Demo- 
ocratic  National  committee  sent  enormous 
sums  of  money  into  Indiana  to  corrupt 
the  State.  There  is  no  means  of  knowing 
about  what  was  seni  by  the  Democratic 
National  committee.  In  the  latterpart  of 
September  the  Republican  National  com- 
mittee sent  Stephen  Dorsey  to  Indiana  with 
a  trunk  that  contained  §200,000.  Chair- 
man New  informed  Mr.  Dorsey  that  the 
State  was  already  practically  carried,  and 
that  to  spend  this  amount  of  money  in 
Indiana,  or  any  part  of  it.  would  be  simply 
throwing  so  much  money  away.  Dorsey 
was  not  inclined  to  take  this  rosy  view  of 
the  situation,  and  New  told  him  that  if  he 
wanted  to  stay  here  and  spend  the  money 
himself  he  was  welcome  to  do  so.  hut  the 
State  organization  did  ind  need  ii  and  he 
did  not  want  to  take  the  responsibility  of 


accepting  it.  Dorsey  determined  to  inves- 
tigate the  subject  himself,  and  for  that  pur- 
pose remained  here  nearly  two  weeks,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  he  was  convinced 
that  New's  view  of  the  situation  was  cor- 
rect and  returned  to  the  East  with  his  trunk 
and  its  precious  contents  unimpaired.  The 
organization  put  together  by  the  part}-  in 
1880  was  a  revelation  in  politics.  Chair- 
man New  and  Mr.  Porter  both  held  the 
same  theory  that  what  was  needed  to  attain 
success  was  not  some  brilliant  scheme  or 
sudden  coup,  but  straightforward,  steady 
hard  work.     The  organization  was  made 

Up  Of  well-selected  men  frohl  the  top  down. 

The  chairman  selected  D.  S.  Alexander  as 
secretary  of  the  committee,  and  Mr.  Alex- 
ander took  charge  of  the  clerical  force. 
relieving  the  chairman  of  all  responsibility 
in  that  direction.  The  executive  commit- 
tee was  appointed  for  advisory  purposes. 
Eachmember  of  theState  committee  served 
as  chairman  of  his  Congressional  district, 
and  the  district  committee  was  composed 
of  the  county  chairmen.  Each  county 
chairman  presided  over  a  county  committee 
composed  of  one  man  from  each  ward  and 
township  in  the  county.  And  this  ward 
or  township  man  in  turn  presided  over  a 
committee  made  up  of  representatives  of 
school  districts  or  voting  precincts.  A 
careful  poll  was  taken  of  the  State  six 
months  before  election,  and  from  that  time 
on  each  precinct  man  kept  his  poll  up  to 
date,  so  that  at  any  time  he  could  tell  the 
exact  statusof  his  precinct.  Thus  the  nec- 
essary sixty  days' and  thirty  days'  polls  were 
taken  in  a  day.  Frequent  calls  for  reports 
and  frequent  committee  meetings  kept  these 
men  thoroughly  alive  to  their  work,  and 
while  there  were  many  great  demonstra- 
tions addressed  by  the  most  eloquent  ora- 
tors of  the  country,  the  more  quiet  work  of 
the  organization  told  heavily.  Mr.  Por- 
ter, the  candidate  for  Governor,  spoke  in 
every  county  of  the  State.  His  meetings 
were  arranged  some  weeks  ahead  and  in 
every  county  the  State  chairman  called  a 


56 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


meeting  of  the  county  committee  to  be 
held  on  the  same  day  as  Mr.  Porter's  ad- 
dress. Each  member  of  the  local  organi- 
zation was  requested  to  forward  at  least 
a  week  before  a  list  of  the  doubtful  voters 
in  the  county  and  the  reasons  why  they 
were  doubtful.  If  it  was  a  Democrat  who 
was  thinking  of  voting  the  Republican 
ticket  or  a  Republican  who  was  dis- 
gruntled, all  the  reasons  for  his  state  of 
mind  that  were  known  were  given.  Each 
of  these  doubtful  voters  received  a  per- 
sonal invitation  to  call  upon  Mr.  Porter  at 
the  time  of  his  speech  in  the  comity  and 
as  may  be  imagined,  nearly  all  of  them 
responded  to  the  invitation.  Porter  worked 
like  a  slave  in  conning  over  these  reports 
and  by  a  wonderful  exercise  of  memory 
succeeded  in  nearly  all  instances  in  recall- 
ing the  story  of  each  man  as  he  was  intro- 
duced to  him.  He  had  a  wonderful  gift 
of  persuasiveness  in  personal  conversation 
and  few,  if  any,  of  these  doubtful  voters 
went  out  of  his  presence  without  making 
a  mental  vow  to  support  him  when  elec- 
tion day  came  around.  By  the.  time  Porter 
finished    his    canvass,    he    and    Chairman 

New  Were  able  to  forecast    the  vote  of    the 

State  with  almost  absolute  accuracy.  It 
was  with  the  confidence  born  of  thisactual 
knowledge  that  Chairman  New  informed 
Mr.  Dorsey  that  the  National  committee's 
money  was  not  needed.  The  result  in  Oc- 
tober vindicated  their  judgment.  Porter 
was  elected  by  nearly  7,000  votes,  and  the 
rest  of  the  Republican  State  ticket  tri- 
umphed by  pluralities  of  4,000  or  5,000. 
The  legislature  was  Republican  in  both 
branches,  having  a  majority  of  two  in  the 
Senate  and  of  fourteen  in  the  House.  In 
the  November  election  the  Republicans 
carried  the  State  by  over  6,000  votes,  and 
the  following  members  of  Congress  were 

elected  : 

Messrs.  Heilnian,  Brawne,  Peelle,  Pierce,  Orth, 

Steele,  Demotte  ami  Calkins. 

The    last    act    of     the    campaign    came 
when   the  legislature  met  in  January  and 


General   Harrison   was  elected  Senator  to 
succeed  Turpie. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  1882. 

New  York  was  not  the  only  State  in 
which  patronage  caused  trouble  for  the 
new  administration.  The  Indiana  Repub- 
licans were  as  anxious  for  office  as  any 
and  naturally  the  appointments  made 
caused  a  great  deal  of  dissatisfaction  and 
it  was  probably  this  cause  alone  that  made 
the  pendulum  swing  backward  two  years 
later. 

The  State  convention  of  1882  met  in 
Indianapolis  on  August  9th,  and  adopted 
the  following  platform: 

The  Republican  party  of  Indiana,  represented 
in  delegate  convention,  recalls,  as  an  incentive  to 
further  exertions  for  the  public  welfare,  the 
achievements  of  the  party  in  restoring  the  Na- 
tional Union;  in  overthrowing  slavery;  in  securing 
the  disabled  soldiers  and  to  the  widows  and  or- 
phans of  those  who  fell  in  battle,  or  died  from 
wounds  or  diseases  contracted  in  the  service  of  the 
Union,  laws  providing  for  liberal  bounties  and  pen- 
sions: in  building  up  an  unexampled  credit  upon 
the  simplest  foundation  of  an  unchangeable  public 
faith:  in  reducing  the  great  debt  necessarily  in- 
curred for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  one- 
half,  and  the  interest  on  the  remainder  to  so  low 
a  rate  thai  the  .National  debt  is  no  longer  regarded 
as  a  burden;  in  establishing  a  currency  equal  to 
any  in  the  world,  based  upon  the  convertibility 
of  greenbacks  and  national  bank  notes  into  gold 
and  silver  at  Hie  option  of  the  bidders:  in  increas- 
ing the  value  of  agricultural  productions  and  the 
wages  of  labor,  by  building  up  home  markets  on 
the  policy  of  reasonable  protection  to  domestic  in- 
dustries; in  exalting  the  value  of  our  naturaliza- 
tion laws  to  our  foreign  born  fellow  citizens,  by 
securing  to  American  naturalization  everywhere 
the  full  right  of  American  citizenship;  in  found- 
ing American  citizenship  upon  manhood,  and  not 
on  complexion,  and  declaring  that  citizenship  and 
the  ballot  shall  ever  go  hand  in  hand;  in  maintain- 
ing and  cherishing  as  a  chief  safeguard  of  liberty 
our  system  of  free  schools  supported  by  a  lax  upon 
all  properly  for  the  education  of  all  children;  anil 
in  the  submission,  from  lime  to  lime,  in  respectful 
obedience  to  what  has  been  deemed  the  popular 
will  of  amendments  to  the  National  Constitution 
of    the    Slate.     Animated    by    these    recollections,    il 

is  resolved 

1st.  Thai  reposing  trust  in  the  people  as  the 
fountain   of  power,    we   demand   thai    the   pending 


OK    THK    STATE    <>F    INDIANA. 


.11 


amendments  to  the  Constitution  shall  be  agreed 
to  and  submitted  by  the  next  legislature  to  the 
voters  of  tin-  State  for  their  decision  thereon. 
These  amendments  were  not  partisan  in  their  ori- 
gin and  are  not  so  in  character,  and  should  nol 
be  made  so  in  voting  upon  them.  Recognizing  t If ■ 
fact  that  the  people  are  divided  in  sentiment  in 
regard  to  the  propriety  of  their  adoption  or  rejec- 
tion, and  cherishing  the  right  of  private  judg- 
ment, we  favor  the  submission  of  these  amend- 
ments at  a  special  election,  so  that  there  may  be  an 
intelligent  division  thereon,  uninfluenced  by  par- 
tisan  issues. 

2nd.  That  we  feel  it  due  to  the  mem  try  of  I'res 
ident  Garfield  to  express  our  sense  of  the  great 
loss  suffered  by  the  Nation  in  his  death.  We  re- 
call with  pride  the  fact  that,  springing  from  the 
humblest  conditions  in  life.  Lincoln  and  Garfield 
arose,  step  by  step,  without  any  help  hut  the  force 
of  their  anilities  and  exertions,  to  the  front  rani; 
among  Americans,  and  were  chosen  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  to  hear  its  banner  in  its  struggle  to 
maintain  the  supremacy  and  glory  of  the  National 
Union. 

3rd.  That  the  lapse  of  time  cannot  effaee  from 
the  grateful  recollection  of  the  Republican  party  its 
memory  of  the  brave  soldiers,  from  whatever  seo- 
tiou  or  party  ranks  they  may  have  come,  who 
offered  their  lives  in  support  of  its  policy  of  re- 
storing and  maintaining  the  Union  of  States. 

4th.  That  a  revenue  greatly  reduced  in  amount 
being  all  that  is  now  needed  to  pay  the  interest  on 
our  public  debt  and  the  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment, economically  administered,  the  time  has  ar- 
rived for  such  a  reduction  of  taxes  and  regula- 
tion of  tariff  duties  as  shall  raise  no  more  money 
than  shall  be  necessary  to  pay  such  interest  aud 
expenses.  We  then-fore  approve  of  the  efforts  now 
making  to  adjust  this  reduction,  so  that  no  un- 
necessary burdens  upon  the  consumers  of  import- 
ed articles  may  exist,  and  that  no  injury  may  he 
inflicted  upon  our  domestic  industries,  or  upon  the 
industrial  classes  employed  therein. 

5th.  That  we  are  grateful  to  observe  that  the 
laws  for  the  protection  of  miners  and  securing 
their  wages  under  the  constant  administration  of 
them  by  Republican  mine  inspectors,  litis  done 
much  for  the  comfort  of  the  workers  in  mines,  and 
that  we  hope  to  see  important  suggestions  of  the 
present  inspector  for  amendments  farther  to  pro 
mote  their  comfort  adopted  by  the  next  legisla- 
ture. 

nth.  That  the  relations  between  capital  and 
labor  should  he  so  adjusted  that  the  rights  of 
laborers  slmll  he  fully  protected. 

7th.  That  the  fees  of  all  State  and  county  offi- 
cers should  be  so  regulated  as  to  give  a  fair  com- 
pensation to  them,  hut  not  so  great  as  to  tempt 
applicants  to  corrupt  methods  to  obtain  the  same, 
or  to  impose  unjust   burdens  upon  the  people. 


8th.  That  we  join  with  our  Irish  fellow-citizens 
in  sincere  sympathy  with  the  efforts  of  then- 
brethren  in  Ireland  to  break  up  by  means  of  just 
legislation,  the  large  landed  estates  i,,  that  island, 
and  to  introduce  upon  these  lands,  lor  the  general 

^r '    "'     ,l"'   people,    peasant  proprietorship.     We 

join   witn   them  also  in   the  hope  that   efforts   for 
home  rule  in  till  matters  of  local  concern  will  prove 

successful. 

9th.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  Congress  to  adopt 
laws  to  secure  a  thorough,  complete  and  radical 
reform  of  the  civil  service,  by  which  the  subordi- 
nate positions  of  the  Government  should  no  longer 
be  considered  rewards  for  their  party  zeal,  which 
will  abolish  tlie  evils  of  patronage,  and  establish  a 
system  of  making  honesty,  efficiency  and  fidelity 
tlie  essential  qualifications  for  public  position 

10th.  That  the  industry,  wisdom,  and  firmness 
of  President  Chester  A.  Arthur  meets  the  cordial 
endorsement  of  the  Republicans  of  Indiana. 

11th.  That  Senator  Benjamin  Harrison,  by  his 
able  .-111,1  faithful  discharge  of  duty  and  on  account 
of  his  eminent  abilities,  challenges  our  admiration 
and  confidence. 

12th.  That  Governor  Albert  G.  Porter  is  a  wise 
and  honest  executive  officer,  and  we  congratulate 
the  State  upon  securing  the  services  of  so  faithful 
a  public  servant. 

13th.  Since  tlie  hist  meeting  of  the  Republican 
convention  of  Indiana,  ex-Senator  Henry  S.  Lane, 
one  of  the  gifted  and  ever-honored  founders  and 
trusted  leaders  of  the  Republican  party,  litis  de- 
parted this  life,  and  left  a  void  in  our  ranks  that 
rills  us  with  sadness.  He  was  eloquent  for  the 
right,  always  moved  by  the  highest  impulses  of 
patriotism,  .and  his  memory  is  enshrined  in  the 
hearts  of  the  people  of  this  State. 

The  old  ticket  for  minor  State  officers 
was  renominated  as  follows: 

Secretary  of  State — E.  R.  Hawn. 
Auditor  of  State— Edward  II.  Wolfe. 
Treasurer  of  State-  Rosewell  S.  Hill. 
Attorney-General — D.  P.  Baldwin. 
Clerk  of  Supreme  Court— Jonathan   W.  Gordon 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— John  M. 
Bloss. 

The  partv  was  allowed  to  go  without 
new  organization  until  the  State  conven- 
tion met  and  then-  was  a  temporary  re- 
turn to  the  old  method  of  electing  mem- 
bers by  the  delegates  to  the  State  conven- 
tion. The  State  committee  was  thus  made 
up  of  the  following  members: 

First  District,  Henry  s.  Bennett,  Vanderburg; 
Second  District,  N.  11.  Jepson.  Daviess;  Third  Ids 
trict.  Madison  M.  Hurley,  Floyd;  Fourth  District. 


58 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Marine  l».  Taokett,  Decatur;  Fifth  District,  E.  F. 
Branch,  Morgan;  Sixth  District,  James  M.  Brown, 
Rush;  Seventh  District,  Win.  Wallace,  Marion; 
Eighth  District,  .1.  !•'.  Johnston,  Parke;  Ninth  Dis 
trict,  \V.  II.  Hart,  Clinton;  Tenth  District,  James 
M.  Watts.  Carroll;  Eleventh  District,  George  I. 
Reed,  Miami;  Twelfth  District,  Walter  Olds, 
Whitley;  Thirteenth  District,  Aaron  Jones,  St,  Jo- 
seph. .Ih]]]i  Overmeyer,  of  Jennings  county,  was 
made  Chairman,  and  D.  s.  Alexander,  Secre- 
tary. 

The  legislature  that  met  in  1881  had 
done  away  with  the  October  election, 
transfering  the  State  election  to  Novem- 
ber. The  legislature  had  also  passed  some 
additional  temperance  legislation  that  con- 
tributed to  the  difficulties  of  the  campaign 
not  a  little. 

The  following  nominations  for  Congress 
were  made  in  the  various  districts: 

First  District,  Win.  Hellman;  Second  District, 

A.  J.  Hostetler;  Third  District,  Will  T.  Walker; 
Fourth  District,  Win.  .1.  Johnson;  Fifth  District 
Samuel  Wallingford;  Sixth  District.  Thomas  M. 
Browne;  Seventh  District,  Stanton  J.  Peelle; 
Eighth  District,  It.  B.  F.  Pierce;  Ninth  District. 
Godlove  s.  Orth;  Tenth  District,  Marls  L.  DeMotte; 
Eleventh  District,  Ceo,  W.  Steele;  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict, W.  C.  Glasgow;  Thirteenth  District,  Win.  II. 
Calkins. 

The  State  ticket  was  defeated  by  over 
1 1 »,  i  mi  i  votes,  and  the  Congressional  elec- 
tions were  disastrous.  The  Republicans 
lost  the  First,  Eighth  and  Tenth  Districts, 
which  they  carried  before,  while  their  ma- 
jorities in  the  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Eleventh 
Districts  were  cut  down  to  a  few  hundred 
votes.  In  the  Seventh  District,  including 
Indianapolis,  contest  was  made  and  a 
Democratic  house  of  representatives  ousted 
Stanton  J.  Peele  and  seated  Wm.  E.  Eng- 
lish. In  the  Ninth.  Godlove  S.  Orth  was 
elected  and  died  before  taking  his  seat, 
and  a  special  election  held  in  January 
gave  the  district  to  the  Democrats.  Titos. 

B.  Ward  being  elected  over  Charles  L. 
Doxey.  Thus  in  the  forty-eighth  Congress 
the  Republicans  of  Indiana  had  only 
three  members:  Messrs  Browne,  Steele 
and  Calkins.  The  legislature  also  went 
heavilv  1  >emocratic. 


CAMPAIGN  OF   1884. 

The  work  of  the  organization  for  the 
campaign  of  18S4  was  begun  early,  the 
district  meetings  for  the  purpose  of  elect- 
ing members  of  the  State  committee  being 
held  in  February.  It  is  in  these  years  that 
we  find  tite  power  of  the  organization  or 
■■machine"  as  a  factor  in  shaping  the 
policy  and  distributing  the  offices  of  the 
party  at  its  appogee. 

Tlie  following  members  of  the  State 
committee  were  elected  by  the  district 
meetings: 

First  District,  Henry  s.  Bennett,  Evansvllle; 
Second  District,  Samuel  M.  Reeve,  Slmals;  Third 
District,  M.  M.  Hurley,  New  Albany;  Fourth  Dis- 
trlet,  A.  1>.  Vanosdol,  Madison;  Fifth  District.  E. 
F.  Branch,  Martinsville;  Sixth  District,  -I.  F.  Wild 
man.  Muncie;  Seventh  Dstrict,  I>.  M.  Ransdell, 
Indianapolis;  Eighth  District,  .1.  l>.  Early,  Terre 
Haute;  Ninth  District,  W.  II.  Hart.  Frankfort: 
Tenth  District,  .1.  M.  Watts,  Delphi;  Eleventh  Dis 
trict,  A.  F.  Phillips,  Kokomo;  Twelfth  District,  W. 
I..  Penfleld,  Auburn;  Thirteenth  District,  Aaron 
Jones,  South  Bend. 

A  week  or  two  after  their  election  the 
new  committee  met  at  Indianapolis  to 
organize.  John  Overmeyer  expected  to 
be  re-elected  as  chairman  and  had  his 
speech  of  acceptance  prepared.  The  com- 
mittee however  appointed  a  sub-committee 
to  confer  with  Hon.  John  C.  New  who 
had  put  together  such  a  magnificent  or- 
ganization in  LS80,  and  asked  him  to 
accept  the  chairmanship.  Mr.  New  ac- 
ceded to  the  request  on  condition  that  he 
be  permitted  to  name  his  own  secretary, 
as  well  as  the  auxiliary  committees,  and 
this  condition  was  accepted.  Overmeyer 
never  got  over  this  disappointment,  though 
be  accepted  a  place  upon  the  executive 
committee  during  this  campaign.  He 
waited  four  years  for  bis  revenge  and 
then  declared  himself  a  Democrat  on  the 
subject  of  the  tariff.  Henry  C.  Bennett 
was  made  vice-chairman  of  the  committee; 
L.  'I'.  Michiner,  Secretary:  Isaac  Herr 
and  Henry  A.  Smock,  assistant-secre- 
taries, and  Wm.  Wallace,  treasurer. 


OP    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  59 

The     following     auxiliary     committees  Twelfth  District,  Oscar  A.  Sim  UK.  All.  ii.  and  Or- 

vvere  appointed:  vilIe  Carvel'<  Steuben:  Thirteenth  District,  Joseph 

I>.  Oliver,  St.  Joseph,  and  George  Moon,  Kosciusko. 

Executive   Committee — John   Overmver.    North  „,. 

Vernon;  James  II.  .Ionian.   Martinsville;  Henry  C.  l  lle   btate  convention    was   held    at    In- 

Adams,    Indianapolis;    A.    C.    Harris.   Indianapolis:  diaililpolis  oil  J  line   L 9th  and  the  following 

Han  M.  Ransdell,  Indianapolis.  platform  was  adopted: 

Finance    Committee  —  \V.    R.    McKeen.     Terre 
Haute;  Theo.  P.  Haughey.  Indianapolis;  Clem  Stude.  T1"'  Republicans  of   Indiana    in   State  eonven- 

baker.    South   Bend;  Wm.    Heilman,  Evansville;  Us-  tion  assembled,   ratify  and  adopi   the  platform  ol 

oar  A.  Simons.  Fort  Wayne.  ""'  recent  National  Republican  convention  at  Chi- 

Audiling  Committee    E.  F.  Branch.  Martinsville:  r'1-"-  as  •'"  comprehensive  and  sufficient  declaration 

J.    I).   Early.  Terre    Haute:     M.     M.     Hurley.     New  "''  their  faith  and  purposes  in  respecl  to  all  ques- 

Albany.  lions  of  National  scope  and  character,  and  they 

,.,,       ,~  ..        ...  ...  ,,,     ,  ratify    and     approve     the     iiotuinacion     of     James 

rhe Young  Mens  Republican  (  Lnb  was  G   Blalne  an(1  ,,(lllll  A    LogaD  f01.  U|i.  officeg  of 

reorganized    for    the   campaign    with    the  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 

following  officers:  rmd  pledge  to  them  the  united  ami  earnest  support 

of  the  Republican  party  of  Indiana. 

President  J.   ().   Hardesty.    Indianapolis;    Vice-  lsl.   We  indorse  with  pride  and  satisfaction  the 

Presidents,    Francis    Murphy.    Vincennes;    Milton  |lU1,.    .,,,,,._  dlgnifledi  allll  patriotic  administration 

Brown,  .New  Castle;  Quincy  A.  Myers,  Logansport;  „,-  ,;,„-,.,.,„„.  Alber1  );    Porter 

.1.  II.  State.  Elkhart;  Secretary,  William  I..  Taylor.  .,,„,     w„  ,,„,„.  ,„,  appl.opriatlon  ,,v  ,lu.  legisla. 

Indianapolis;     Assistant     Secretary,     George     C.  ture  for  the  erection  of  a  suitable  monument  to  thn 


I'atehell,  Union  City;  Treasurer.  II.  C.  Starr,  Rich 


memory  of  the  loyal   and   brave  sous  of    Indiana. 


inond.    Executive  Committee,   First   District,  Ge 

Ird.    In  the  lapse  of  thirty-three  years,  by  tin 


vho  gave  their  lives  to  save  the  Republic 
A.  Cunningham,  Evansville;  Second  District.  Sam- 


uel A.  Chenoweth,  Shoals;  Third  District,  Will  T. 
Walker.  Scotrsburg;  Fourth  District,  W.  M.  Cope- 
land.  Madison;  Fifth  District.  John  C.  Orr,  Colum- 


increase  of  our  population,  ami  by  tin-  marvelous: 
development    of   our   material    resources   and    the 


spread  of  intelligence,  our  State  has  outgrown  the 
bus;  Sixth  District.  Charles  E.  Shively,  Richmond;  (,,llstitmi„n  ,„•  1851,  and  W1.  therefore  t;lvc„.  Ih„ 
Seventh  District.  W  m.  Bos.,,,,  indianapjlis  ;  caiimg  0f  a  convention  at  an  earlv  dav.  for  the 
Eighth  District,  D.  T.  Morgan,  Terre  Haute;  Ninth  Qf    fra  a    nrw    St;m,    (,;ilstirmi,m 

District.  John  T.   McClure,   Anderson;  Tenth   Dis  ,      .    .    .      .. 

adapted  to  the  present  circumstances  ot  a  greal 
trict,     Moses    S.     Coulter.     Logansport;     Eleventh  ,  ... 

and  crowing  coiiinionwcalth. 
District.  Ceo.  II.  C.  Townseud,   Bluffton;  Twelftli  ,.,       _    ,  ,  ,      ,  ,     ,, 

4th.     W-  favor  such  change  m  the  law  as  shall 
District,  W.  R.  Tvler.  Fort  Wavne;  Thirteenth  Dis-  ,       ,  .  .  . 

take  the  Adnunistra  I  ion  ol  the  Prisons  ami  th" 
trict,  II.  /..  Iluliliel.  Elkhart.  „   .  ,    ,,  , 

Reformatory   and    Benevolent    Institutions   ol    the 

The    following    delegation    represented      State  out  of  the  domain  of  pany  polities. 
...  •,>-•,  •  5th.    We  regard  the  svstem  oi  prison  contract 

Indiana  in  the  National  convention:  ,  |lini.  ;|s  a  degrading  ,.,„„,„ ,iIiuI1  witl,  ,hl.  labol.  ,„■ 

At  Large.  Richard  W.  Thompson,  Terre  Haute;  the  honest  citizen,  and  we  favor  its  abolition. 
Benjamin  Harrison.  Indianapolis;  John  II.  Baker  6th.     We  favor  the  enactment  and  enforcement 
Goshen;    Morris    McDonald,    New    Albany;    First  of  laws  for  the  improvement  of  the  sanitary  condi- 
Disirict.  James  c.  Veatch,  Spencer,  and  Francis  B.  tions  of  labor,  and  especially  for  the  thorough  reg- 
I'osey.   Pike;   Second    District.   George    W.    Reily.  ulation  and  ventilation  ot  mines,  under  the  super- 
Knox.    and    William    R.    Gardiner,    Daviess;   Third  vision  of  the  police  authority  of  the  State. 
District,  D.  M.  Alspaugh,  Washington,  and  Alberl  7th.    We  renew   the  pledge  of  our  devotion  to 
P.    Charles,    Jackson;    Fourth    District,    John    <>.  the  free,  uusectarian  public  school,  and  will  favor 
Cravens.   Ripley,   and    Eugene  G.    Hay.  Jefferson,  all  measures  tending  to  increase  its  efficiency,  and 
Fifth  District,  Joseph  I.  Irwin,  Bartholomew,  and  especially  such  as  will  promote  its  usefulness  as  n 
W.  A.  Montgomery,  Owen;  Sixth   District,  Charles  preparation  for  the  practical  duti<  s  of  life. 
II.    Burchenal,    Wayne,   ami  Joshua    II.    Mellette.            8th.  The  amendment  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
Henry:  Seventh   District.   L.  T.   Michener,   Shelby.  State,    which    authorized   and   contemplated    a    re 
and     Henry    C.    Adams.     Marion;    Eighth     District,  vision    of    the    laws    relating    to    fees    and    salaries 
William  C.  Smith.  Warren,  ami  William  Riley  Mc-  ought  not  to  remain  a  dead  letter,  ami   we  favor 
Keen.   Vigo;  Ninth   District,  George  I'..   Williams.  the  enactment  of  such  laws  as  will  place  the  com 
Tippi  canoe,  ami  Am  ricus  ( '.  1  "ally,  B ie;  Tenth  peusation  of  all  public  officials  upon  a  basis  of  fail- 
District,  Simon  P.  Thompson,  Jasper,  and  George  compensation  for  services  rendered. 
W.   llolman.  Fulton;  Eleventh   District,  Jam--  B             9th.  Recognizing  with  gratitude  the  service  of 
Kenner.     Huntington,    and    Jonas     Votaw.    Jay;  the   Union  soldiers   in  defeuuing  the  government 


60 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


against  armed  rebellion,  we  favor  ;i  just  equaliza- 
tion and  adjustment  of  bounties  and  pensions,  and 
a  liberal  construction  and  application  of  .-ill  laws 
granting  pensions  to  honorably  discharged  soldiers 
if  the  Onion  Army. 

10.  We  denounce  the  action  of  the  Democratic 
majority  in  the  last  General  Assembly  in  enacting 
laws  of  purely  partisan  character,  whereby  ex- 
perienced, competent  :iu<l  eminent  officials  were 
displaced  and  mere  politicians  appointed,  to  the  se- 
rious injury  of  the  Benevolent  Institutions  of  the 
State,  including  those  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  the 
limine,  the  Blind,  the  Boys'  Reformatory  and  the 
Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home;  and  in  the  passage  of  a 
metropolitan  police  bill,  by  which,  in  cities  of  a 
certain  population,  tue  control  of  municipal  affairs 
is  taken  from  the  citizens  concerned  and  placed  in 
the  hands  of  a  partisan  State  commission. 

The  following  State  ticket  was  placed 
in  nomination: 

Governor— "VVm.  H.  Calkins.  LaPorte. 

Lieutenant-Governor — Eugene  Bundy.  Henry. 

Secretary  of  State— Robert  Mitchell.  Gibson, 

Auditor  of  state — Bruce  Carr,  Orange 

Attorney-General — Win    C.  Wilson.  Tippecanoe. 

Judge  Supreme  Court— Fifth  District.  Edwin  P. 
Hammond,  Jasper. 

Reporter  Supreme  Court— Wm.  H.  Hoggatt, 
Warrick. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— Barnabas 
C.  Hobbs,  Parke. 

Unquestionably  the  hottest  fight  made 
in  any  State  during  the  campaign  of  1884 
was  that  in  Indiana,  it  was  here  that 
the  infamous  scandal  touching  the  private 
life  of  Mr.  Blaine,  the  Republican  candi- 
date for  President,  was  sprung,  and  no  un- 
important feature  of  the  campaign  was  the 
libel  suit  growing  out  of  this  charge.  The 
drift  was  still  heavily  against  the  Republi- 
cans in  Indiana,  and  the  temperance  legis- 
lation of  1 88 J  had  even  more  effect  in  this 
campaign  than  it  had  in  that  of  1882. 
( !leveland  carried  the  State  by  something 
over  6,000  votes  in  November,  and  the 
whole  Republican  ticket  went  down  in 
defeat.  Gray  being  elected  over  Calkins 
by  over  7,000  votes. 

The  Republicans  had  the  following 
Congressional  nominees  in  the  field: 

First  District.  Win.  11.  Gudgel;  Second  District, 
Ceo.  C.  Relly;  Third  District,  .lames  Keigwin; 
Fourth  District,  John  <>.  Cravens;  Fifth  District, 
Ceo.  W.  Grubbs;  Sixth  District.  Tlios.   M.  Browne; 


Seventh  District.  Stanton  .1.  IVelle;  Eighth  Dis 
trict.  .lames  T.  Johnston;  Ninth  District.  Charles 
T.  Doxey:  Tenth  D, strict.  Win.  D.  Owen:  Eleventh 
District.  Geo.  \V.  Steele;  Twelfth  District.  Therou 
I'.  Kiator;  Thirteenth  District.  Henry  C.  Thayer. 
Of  these,  only  Messrs.  Browne.  Johnston,  Owen 
and  Steele  pulled  through.  Johnston's  majority 
was  only  140;  Owen's.  4S1   and  Steele's,  .">4. 

CAMPAIGN   OF   1S86. 

Tlu-  campaign  of  1886  turned  largely 
upon  the  question  of  the  Senatorship. 
Harrison's  term  was  about  to  expire,  and 
it  was  the  general  understanding  that  if 
the  Republicans  should  carry  the  legisla- 
ture he  should  he  entitled  to  another  term. 
The  Democrats  had  had  this  Senatorial 
struggle  in  mind,  and  their  legislature  in 
IS85  had  made  a  gerrymander  of  the  State 
by  redisricting  it  for  legislative  purposes, 
so  that  it  required  a  tremendous  Republi- 
can majority  throughout  the  State  to  elect 
a  Republican  legislature.  Another  ques- 
tion that  was  productive  of  a  bitter  and 
desperate  struggle  arose  later  in  this  cam- 
paign. Malon  D.  Mansoit,  who  had  been 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1884  by 
the  Democrats,  accepted  a  Federal  ap- 
pointment under  President  Cleveland,  and 
thereby,  by  the  terms  of  the  State  consti- 
tution, vacated  his  office.  This  situation 
developed  the  fact  that  the  constitution 
provided  no  means  of  filling  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor's  office  when  it  was  vacated, 
unless  it  might  be  taken  for  granted  that 
the  Governor  had  the  right  to  appoint 
under  the  general  power  given  in  the  con- 
stitution to  him  to  till  the  minor  State 
offices  by  appointment  until  the  succeed- 
ing election,  but  this  would  present  the 
anomaly  of  giving  the  Governor  of  the 
State  power  to  appoint  the  man  who  was 
likely  to  succeed  to  the  gubernatorial  chair. 
The  question  was  presented  by  Governor 
Gray  to  Attorney-General  Hord.  a  Demo- 
crat, and  Mr.  Hord  rendered  an  opinion 
that  the  office  should  lie  filled  by  special 
election.  The  Governor  accordingly  issued 
a  proclamation  and  both  parties  nominated 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA.  6] 

a  candidate  for    Lieutenant-Governor,  to  der    Democratic   auspices.    The   attempt    of   the 

be  voted  for    at   the  same  time   the  other  Democratic    House    of    Representatives    to    make 

...  .     ,  ,  .       .       „  ..  odious  pension  legislation  by  adding  a  special  tax 

elections  were  held  m  the  fall.  ,,m  l(J  (.V,TV  I„.|lsi(iu  lm.as,m,  „1|US  declartag  ,lm 

The  Republicans  began  their  organiza-  pensions  should  not  be  paid  out  of  the  General 

tion    of    the   State    by  district    conventions  Treasury),   the   spirit   and   language  of   numerous 

held  on  February  1  L,    at  which  the  follow-  vet,"'s  "f  meritorious  pensions  and  the  failure  of 

.'  the   Democratic   House   to   even   reconsider   them 

rag  State  committee  was  elected:  brfore  adjournmellt  of  Congress,  reveal  the  con- 


First   District,   Goodlet    Morgan,   Pike;   Second 


tinned   enmity    of   the    Democratic   party    to    t lit 


District,  Col.  C.  C.  Shreeder,   Dubois;  Third   Dis-       TTnion  soldier  and  his 

trict  John  Overmyer,  Jennings;  Fourth   District,  since   its  advent   to  power  the  old   hen 

Charles  I'.  Jones,  Franklin;  Fifth  District.  \V.  F. 

Browning,  Monroe;  Sixth   District,  J.   N.   Huston, 

Fayette:    Seventh    District.    Daniel    M.    Ransdell, 


State  sovereignty  lias  been  rehabilitated,  in  the 
Southern  Stat,  s,  where  the  political  strength  of  the 
party  resides,  the  country  lias  witnessed  the  insur- 
Marion;  Eighth  District.  .John  II.  Burford,  .Mont-  rection  „,-  treason  and  traitors,  the  flaunting  of  the 
gomery;  Ninth  District.  CoL  .lames  Tullis.  Tippe-  ,.,.,„,,  flag  .,,„,  th(,  defiant  expressions  of  senti- 
canoe;  Tenth  District,  Dr.  II.  E.  Pattison,  Pulaski;  m,,ms  .,,  w.u.  wltn  flll.  integrity  of  the  Union.  The 
Eleventh  District,  John  1.  Dille,  Huntington;  flag  of  the  United  States  has  been  lowered  in  honor 
Twelfth  District,  F.  II.  Barnard,  Allen:  Thirteenth  ,„■  .,  man  „.,„,  gained  unique  ,„,,.,,  11V  liv  ,,is  despi. 
District,  L.  W.  Boyce,  Kosciusko.  This  commit-  ,..,,,,,,  ,.,„„.,.,,  ;ls  .,  |M]t>n<.  enemy;  the  services  and 
tee  elected  as  its  chairman  Hon.  J.  x.  Huston,  a  memory  0f  men  held  in  reverence  by  loyal  people 
prominent   banker  of   Connersville,   and    Mr.    Mi-       Qave  been  attacked  in  Congress  by  those  who  were 


•hem  r  was  re-elected  Secretary. 


formerly  in  arms  against  the  Government;  persons 


General  Harrison  was  the  leading  Re-      have  been  appointed  to  high  offices  who  im\ 


publican  orator  in   the  campaign,   and   it 
was  the  hardest  fought  battle  Indiana  has 


fensively  declared  the  National  Government  to  be 
"a  bloody  usurpation  of  natural  rights"  and  in 
Federal  appointments  preference  has  been  given 
ever  known  in  an  off  year.  The  Republi-  to  those  who  were  most  conspicuous  in  their  ser- 
can  convention  met  in  Indianapolis  in  vices  to  the  Southern  Confederacy.  Anxious  for 
June  and  adopted  the  following  platform:      th''  f,'n  and  '""|i'l"t"  Harmonizing  of  all  sections 

of  the  Union,  we  can  but  reprobate  those  evidences 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana,  in  convention  as-      Qf  nostility   „,   „„,  Iirinciples  of   the   government. 

sembled.  invoke  the  dispassionate  judgment  of  the       Th(>iv  (..m   be   UQ  assurance  „f   permanent    safety 

people  of  the  State  upon  the  acts  ami  record  of  the        ^    ^  ^    ^    ^^    ^^    ^^    „,„ 

Democratic   party.    Sue,- ling  the   power  in   the       ^^    .lw]    ;|s    ullit(.|Uy    ,,„,,,,„,,    ,,,„   (liff,,,.,„.„s. 

which,   in   past   years,   so  seriously   threatened   its 
overthrow. 

In  its  relations  with  foreign  governments  the 
Democratic  administration  has  conspicuously 
failed  to  mantain  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the 
Nation,  and  to  protect  the  rights  of  American 
citizens.  It  has  disfranchised  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  voters  in  the  North,  by  its  failure  to  dis- 
charge an  imperious  moral  obligation,  imposed  by 
the  Constitution,  for  the  admission  of  Dakota  into 
the  Union,  for  the  same  reason  that  led  it  to  ex- 
tinguish Republican  majorities  in  the  Southern 
States  by  fraud  and  violence. 

Tin'  last  legislature  of  Indiana  was  Democratic 
in  both  branches  by  a  majority  of  two-thirds. 
It  passed  apportionment  bills  disfranchising  nearly 

half  the  voters  of  the  Slate  in  legislative  and  Coii- 

gresstional    elections,    thus    accomplishing    under 

the   forms  of   law    what    it    has  accomplished   else 
where  bv   I  he  tissue  ballot   and   the  shotgun. 


National  Government  by  virtue  of  unpardonabl 
crimes  against  free  suffrage,  it  has  demonstrated 
its  incapacity  and  insincerity  by  its  failure  to  re- 
deem its  pledges  made  to  the  people.  Promising 
economy  in  public  expenditures,  the  appropriations 
made  by  the  last  Congress  and  approved  by  the 
President,  were  of  unparalleled  extravagance.  Its 
attempt  to  legislate  on  tariff  and  finance  served 
only  to  weaken  public  confidence,  to  paralyze  in- 
dustry, to  check  the  returning  tide  of  prosperity, 
and  to  interfere  with  the  regular  and  orderly  re- 
duction of  the  public  debt,  which  was  so  conspic- 
uous a  feature  of  Republican  administration. 
Under  its  control  the  civil  service  has  been  de- 
graded by  appointment,  not  only  of  unfit  persons. 
but  of  convicted  criminals,  to  posts  of  responsibili- 
ty and  honor.  It  lias  scandalized  justice  and 
decency  by  the  methods  inaugurated  by  the  Post- 
office  and  other  departments  to  distribute  the 
office's  to  party  workers,  while  it  sought  to  placate 
the  growing  sentiment  against  the  spoils  system  by- 
false  pretenses.  The  Federal  appointments  made  H  failed  to  redeem  its  pledges  to  the  laboring 
in  Indiana  are  a  fair  sample  of  what  has  brought        classes  made  in  iis  platform,  promising  a  reduction 

the    cause    Of    civil    service    reform    into    needless        in   the   hours  of   labor  on   public    works.    Il Stab 

disfavor  and  made  its  success  an  impossibility  mi         lishment  of  hueaus  of  labor  statistics,   the  use  oi 


62                                                   HISTOR\    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

prison  labor  sn  .-is  n<>i   to  compete  with  free  and  deposited  within  two  days  prior  to  their  inspection, 

honest  labor,  the  prohibition  of  the  employment  of       another  portion  appeared  to  have  1 n  antedated, 

children  undi  r  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  the  pro  and  part  consisted  of  county  orders  long  since  due 

hihition  of  the  watering  of  corporate  stocks.    All  and  taken  in  violation  of  law.  and  only  .ST.Tnii  ap- 

bills   which   were  even   introduced    to  accomplish  peared  in  cash  in  the  treasury.    And  it  declined  to 

any  of  these  things  were  defeated  by   Democratic  allow  even  an  inquiry  into  tnese  evidences  of  pre- 

vies.  sumed  credit. 

it   failed  to  pass  a  hill  to  restrain  the  nianu-  it  has  enormously  increased  the  public  debl  of 

faettire  and  use  of  dynamite  for  the  purpose  id'  the  State,    its  scandalous  alliance  with  the  Liquor 

destroying  life  and  property.  League  forced  it  to  defeat  a  hill  to  permit  the  ef- 

it    failed   to  amend   the  extravaganl    fee  and  fects  of  alcohol  on  the  human  system  to  he  studied 

salary  hill:  it  defeated  measures  introduced  by  Re-  by  our  children  in  the  public  schools, 

publicans    to    limit    the    excessive   allowances    of  On  this  record -we  ask  the  verdict  of  the  people, 

count.N   officers;  it   refused  to  cut  down  tin'  enor-  and  also  upon  the  following  declaration  of  prin- 

tnoits  perquisites  of  the  Reporter  of  the  Supreme  ciples: 

Court:  it  refused  to  provide  means  for  ascertaining  The  security  of  government  rests  upon  an  equal 
and  recovering  from  the  clerk  of  that  court  sums  intelligent  and  honest  ballot,  and  we  renew  our 
of  money  due  from  him  and  wrongfully  withheld;  declaration  against  crimes  of  fraud  and  violence, 
it  forced  upon  the  state,  at  great  expense,  and  wherever  practiced  and  under  whatever  form, 
without  just  cause,  an  extra  session  id'  the  General  whereby  the  right  of  every  man  to  oast  one  vote. 
Assembly;  ami.  although  it  appropriated  four  ami  ami  have  that  vote  counted  and  returned,  is  mi- 
otic half  millions  id'  dollars,  it  crippled  our  edit-  perilled  or  abridged.  We  especially  protest  against 
cational  institutions  by  insufficient  allowances,  and  the  flagrant  crime  of  the  Democratic  party  id' 
left  unpaid  just  debts  of  the  State,  due  to  private  Indiana  against  free  suffrage  in  the  passage  of  an 
citizens  by  refusing  to  pass  the  specific  appropria-  infamous  gerrymander.  We  demand  that,  man 
tion  hill.  for  man,  the  votes  of  members  of  all  parties  shall 

It  failed  to  provide  the  citizens  of  the  State  be  given  equal  force  and  effect, 
with  the  speedy  justice  guaranteed  in  the  Consti-  Freedom  of  labor  is  essential  to  the  content- 
t  lit  ion.  by  defeating  all  measures  for  the  relief  id  meiit  and  prosperity  of  the  people.  Workingmen 
the  overcrowded  condition  of  the  docket  of  the  should  be  protected  against  the  oppression  of  cor 
Supreme  Court.  porate  combinations  and  monopolies.  We  are  op- 
It  failed  to  obey  the  imperative  mandate  of  the  posed  to  the  importation  of  contracted  and  ill-paid 
Constitution  to  enact  a  law  providing  for  the  regis-  Labor  from  abroad;  the  unfair  competition  of  con- 
tr'ation  id'  voters  in  the  interests  of  free  and  fair  vict  labor  with  free  labor:  the  competition  of  "as- 
elections.  sisted"  emigrants  and  the  vicious  classes  of  Europe 

It  failed  to  comply  with  the  just  demands  of  with   American  workingmen;  the  employment   of 

our  colored  voters   for  equal   rights,  and  a   bill   to  young   children    in    factories   and    mines:    and    we 

secure  such  rights,  introduced  by  a  representative  recommend    to    the    next    General    Assembly    the 

of   the  negro   race,    was  defeated   through    Demo-  passage  of  such  laws  as  will  guarantee  to  worlc- 

cratic  opposition.  ingmen   the   most    favorable  conditions   for   their 

It   failed  to  honor  its  profession  favoring  civil  labor    especially    in    the    proper    ventilation    and 

service   reform,    "so    thai    Honesty    and   capability  safeguards  for  life  and   health   in  mines  and   fac- 

might    be  made  tin-  condition  of  public  employ-  tories— and  the  sure  and  prompt  payment  of  wages. 

meiit."     It    defeated   a    bill   for   this    reform    intro-  We    favor    the    reduction    ot     the    legal    number 

iluced  and  unanimously  supported  by  Republicans.  of  working  hours,   wherever  practicable,   and   the 

It   consigned  the  benevolent   institutions  to  corrupt  submission  of  all   matters  of  controversy   between 

and  partisan  boards:  it   surrendered  the  manage-  the  employer  and  the  employe,  under  just  regula- 

ment   of   feeble-minded  children    and   the  orphans  tion.    to    impartial    arbitration.    The    right    of    till 

of  our  Union  soldiers  to  trustees  and  care-takers,  men  to  associate  for  the  promotion  of  their  mutual 

by   whom  they  were  debauched,  outraged,  hand-       g 1  and  protection,  without  interfering  with  the 

cuffed,  confined  in  dungeons,  and  maltreated  under  rights  of  others,  cannot  be  questioned, 

circumstances  of  unspeakable  barbarity.  We  favor  the  maintenance  of  the  principle  ,,t 

It  failed  to  investigate  the  ads  of  the   Demo-  protection,  under  which  me  resources  of  the  State 

i  rati.-  Treasurer  of  Stale  after  it   was  proved  and  and    .Nation   have   been   and   are   being   developed. 

admitted  that  large  sums  of  money  had  been  lust:  and  whereby  the  wages  of  workingmen  .are  from 

that   he  had   used  the  moneys  of  the  State  and   re-  1 -,   to  :;u  per  cent,   higher   than   under   the   revenue 

ceived  interest  thereon,  in  violation  of  the  criminal  tariff   in   force   before   the   Republican    party   came 

statutes:   and.    notwithstanding    the    fact    that    the  into   power.    Favoring   the   reduction   and    readjust 

vouchers   exposed   by    liiui    to    the   legislative   com  meiit    of   the   tariff   from    lime   to   time   as   oirctim 

mittees  as  a   part   of  his  assets,   a   large  portion  stances  may  require,  upon  the  basis  of  affording 

showed  the  money  they  represented  to  have  been  protection  to  the  products  and  results  of  American 


OP   THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA.  63 

skill  11  ml  industry,  in  our  opiuiou  the  duties  should  justly    condemned    by    intelligent     ami     patriotic 

be  reduced  as  low  as  will  he-  allowed  by  a  wise  ob-  labor  everywhere. 

servance  of  the  necessity  to  protect   thai    portion  Lapse  of  time  does  uot   weaken   the  gratitude 

of  our  manufactures  and   labor   whose  prosperity  due    the    soldiers    and    sailors   of    the    Union.     We 

is  essential  to  our  National  safety  and   independ-  favor   such   changes   in   the   pension   laws   as   will 

ence.    We,  at  the  same  time,  c lemn  the  declara-  make  proof  of  enlistment  conclusive  evidence  of 

t i«'it  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Indiana  in  favor  of  the    physical  soundness  of  the  applicant,  that  will 

practical  free  trade  as  a  menace  to  the  prosperity  eqalize  allowances,  and  will  simplify  their  methods 

of  the  stale  ami  to  the  welfare  ami  advance in  by   which  jusl   claims  can  be  adjudicated   in   tin 

of  workingmen.  Pension  Office.    We  favor  the  granting  of  a  pen- 

The    wisdom   and    honesty   of   the    Republican  sion  to  every   honorably  discharged    Union   soldier 

party  secured  sound   money   to  the  people.    Gold  and  sailor  suffering   front   unavoidable  disability. 

and  silver  should  be  maintained  in  friendly  relation  The  legislature   should   make  a   liberal   appropria- 

in  the  coin  circulati if  the  country,  and  all  cir-  tion  for  the  erection  of  a  soldiers'  ami  sailors'  uion- 

culating  medium    coin  and  paper  alike    should  be  ument  at  the  capital  of  the  state.     We  favor  the 

kept  of  equal  ami  permanent  value.    The  surplus  granting  of  pensions  to  the  survivors  of  the  Mexi- 

in  the  treasury  should  be  steadily  applied   to  the  can  war  who  are  imi  laboring  under  political  dis- 

redUCtion   of   the    National   debt.  ability.      We    lavor   the   separation    of    the    Soldiers 

We  favor  a  thorough  ami  honesi  enforcemenl  Orphars'  Home  from  the  Home  for  Feebleminded 

of  the  civil  service   law.   and   the   extension   of   its  Children. 

principles  to  the  State  administration  wherever  ii  We  renew    the  pledge  of  our  devotion   to  the 

can  be  made  practicable,  to  the  end  that   the  cor-  free,  unseetarian  school  system,  and   favor  meas- 

ruption  ami  Ham-ant  abuses  that  exist  in  the  man-  ,„,  s  tending  to  increase    its  practical  value  to  the 

agemenl   of   our   public   institutions   may   be   done  people.     We  are  opposed   to  any   movement,   how- 

away   with,   and   they   lie  liberated    from   partisan  ,  v, .,.  insidious,   whether  local  or  Stale,  whereby  a 

control.                                                                          J  ;[  sacred  fund   may  be  diverted   frmu   its  legitimate 

The  Republican   party  carries   into  effect   the  use.  or  the  administration  of  the  schools  made  less 

homestead  policy,  under  which  the  Western  States  impartial  or  efficient. 

and    Territories    have    been    made    populous    and  The  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  State 

prosperous.    We   tavor   the   reservation   of   public  providing  for  the  equalization  of  fees  and  salaries 

lands    for   small    holdings    by    actual    settlers,    and  ought   not    to   remain   a   dead   letter,   ami    we   favor 

are  opposed   to   the  acquisition   of  large   tracts  of  the  enactment  of  a  just  law    for  the  compensation 

the  public  domain  by  corporations  and  nonresident  of  all  public  officials. 

aliens.    American   lands   should   be   preserved    for  \Vl.    ,.mir   ,.„.   pending   constitutional   amend 

American  settlers.  ,,,,,„,    makiug    the   terms   of   county   officers    four 

The     watering    of    corporate    stock     should     be  years,    and    striking    out    the    word    "white"    from 

prevented  by  law.     Railway  ami  other  public  cor-  section   1.   article   12  of  the  Constitution,   so   that 

porations  should  be  subjected  to  the  control  of  the  colored    men    may    become  a    pari    of   the   regular 

people,  through  the  legislative  power  that  created  militia  force  for  the  defense  of  the  State. 

them,  ami  their  umlue  influence  in  legislation  and  Tll(.    attempted     domination     by     the     Liquor 

in    courts    should    be    summarily    prevented.     We  League    of    political    parties    and    legislation    is   a 

favor  the  creation  of  a  bureau  of  labor  statistics,  menace  to  free  institutions  which  must  be  met  and 

whereby   the   interests   of   both    labor  and   capital  defeated.    The   traffic    in   intoxicating   liquors   has 

may  be  protected  and  the  welfare  of  the  State  pro-  always  been  under  legislative  restraint;  and.  be- 

moted.  lieviug  that   the  evils  resulting  therefrom  should 

The  constitutional  provision,   that   all   taxation  be  rigidly  repressed,   we  favor  such   laws  as  will 

shall  1 [ual  and  uniform,  should  be  made  effect-  permit    the   people    in    their    several    localities    to 

ive   by   such    revision   of   the  assessment    and    laxa-  invoke   such    measures   of    restriction   as    they    may 

lion   laws  as   will   remedy   the  injustice  whereby  deem  wise,  and  to  compel  the  traffic  to  compensate 

certain    localities    have    been    made    to    bear    nunc  for   the   burdens    il    imposes  on   society   and    relieve 

than  their  due  share  of  the  public  burdens.  the  oppression  of  local  taxation. 

The  strict   ami   impartial  enforcement   of  law  The  party  of  freedom  to  all.  irrespective  of  ac- 

is  the  only  safeguard  oi  society:  and  we  demand  of  cidents  of  birth  or  condition,  the  Republican  party 

Stale  and  local  authorities  the  vigorous  execution  welcomes  every  advance  of  the  people  to  a  higher 

of   legal   penalties    against    all    criminals.     We   con-  standard   of   political    rights.     The   peaceful    revolu- 

gratulate  the  people  upon  the  unanimous  opposi-  tion  in  Great   Britain,  whereby  Ireland  is  sure  to 

lion   of   all   classes   to    the    imported   crime   of   an-  receive  the  benefits  of  local  self-government   after 

arehism,  which   is  the  enemy  of  social  order  and  centuries   of   oppression,    has   our   sympathy,   and 

an  attack  upon  the  safely  of  life  and  property.     It  should   command   every   proper  and   legitimate   as- 

is  the  special  foe  of  honorable  workingmen  and  is  sistance. 


(i4 


HISTORY    OF   THE    KEPUBLICAK    PART'S 


Hon.  Benjamin  Harrison,  I  nited  States  Sena- 
tor from  Indiana,  has  worthily  won  a  front  rank 
among  the  trusted  and  honored  statesmen  of  the 
Nation,  and  by  his  signal  abilities  and  devotion  to 
the  highest  public  interests,  has  brought  credit 
ui»m  the  state  and  country.  His  course  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  states  meets  with  our  wann- 
est approval,  ami  we  commend  him  to  the  esteem 
ami  confidence  of  all  the  people.  The  Republican 
Representatives  in  the  lower  house  of  Congress 
also  deserve  the  thanks  oi  the  Republicans  of  the 

State  for  their   faithful  ami    honorable  service. 

In  common  with  the  Nation,  we  deeply  inoiirn 
the  death  of  I'lysses  S.  Grant,  whoso  deeds  for 
war  and  in  peace  sacured  for  him  the  grateful  ad- 
miration of  his  country  and  the  honor  of  the  world. 
We  favor  tin1  appropriation  by  Congress  of  such  an 
amount  as  may  he  necessary  to  erect,  in  the  city 
of  Washington,  a  monument  befitting  the  mili- 
tary achievements  and  civic  virtues  of  one  who 
shed  imperishable  luster  upon  the  American  name 
and  character.  Coupled  with  our  great  chieftain 
and  leader  in  the  country's  history  is  the  name  of 
one  of  Indiana's  most  illustrious  citizens,  Hon. 
Schuyler  S.  Colfax.  His  death  is  sincerely  lament 
ed  and  his  memory  should  be  appropriately  hon- 
ored. 


Tit.'  f< 


twins 


ticket  was  nominated: 


Lieutenant  Governor  —  Robert  s.  Robertson. 
Allen. 

Secretary  of  State — Charles  F.  Griffin,  Lake. 

Auditor  of  State — Bruce  Carr,  Orange. 

Treasurer  of  State — Julius  A.  Lemcke.  Vander- 
burg. 

Attorney-General — Louie  T.  Michenor,  Shelby. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction — Harvey  M. 
LaFollette,  Boone. 

Judge  of  Supreme  Court— Byron  K.  Elliott,  Mar 
ion. 

< 'lerk  of  Supreme  ( 'ourt—Wm.  T.  Noble.  Wayne. 

The  following  nominations  were  made 
t'nr  Congress  in  the  various  districts: 

First  District,  Alvin  P.  Hovey;  Second  District, 
Martin  s.  Ragsdale;  Third  Iiistrict,  James  Keig- 
win;  Fourth  District,  Thomas  .1.  Lucas;  Fifth  Dis- 
trict, Ira  J.  Chase:  Sixth  District.  Thos.  M. 
Browne;  Seventh  District,  Addison  C.  Harris; 
Eighth  District,  .lames  T.  Johnston;  Ninth  Dis- 
trict. Joseph  B.  Cheadle;  Tenth  District.  Wm.  B. 
owen;  Eleventh  District,  George  W.  Steele; 
Tw.  11 1  h  District,  .lames  P..  White;  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict. Jasper  Packard. 

This  year  the  Young  Men's  Club  or- 
ganization was  changed  and  put  into  a 
form  that  lias  made  it  an  active  and  valua- 
ble factor  in  the  Republican  campaigns  in 


Indiana  ever  since.  W.  L.  Taylor  had 
been  secretary  of  the  organization  in  1884, 
and  W.  H.  Smith,  the  Indiana  correspond- 
ent of  the  Commercial  (l<(zeit<j,  had  been 
actively  interested  in  the  work.  These 
two  men  got  together  and  mapped  out  a 
form  of  organization  that  should  he  uni- 
form throughout  the  State,  and  that 
should  take  up  ami  follow  the  work  of 
organizing  new  clubs.  They  determined 
to  call  it  the  Lincoln  League  of  Indiana, 
and  to  have  an  annual  meeting  upon 
Lincoln's  birthday,  when  the  officers 
should  be  elected,  with  a  manager  for 
each  district.  The  plan  was  to  have  the 
chili  organization  auxiliary  to  and  a  part 
of  the  regular  party  organization,  not 
only  in  the  State,  but  in  every  county. 
Hon.  J.  X.  Huston  was  made  president  of 
the  league  and  W.  L.  Taylor  secretary, 
with  Mr.  Smith  as  his  assistant  secretary, 
and  so  actively  was  the  work  of  organiza- 
tion pursued  that  by  the  end  of  the  cam- 
paign there  were  over  1,000  clubs  connected 
with  the  organization,  showing  a  total 
membership  of  over  75,000. 

T<>  understand  the  Republican  victory 
of  1886  there  must  be  some  appreciation 
of  the  enormous  discontent  caused  among 
the  Indiana  Democrats  by  the  civil  service 
policy  of  President  Cleveland.  So  high 
had  the  feeling  run  in  lss4  that  it  is 
a  common  tradition  that  the  Democrats  of 
Indiana  "got  drunk"  for  seven  consecu- 
tive days  in  celebration  of  the  Cleveland 
victory,  while  the  Republicans  were  so 
downcast  that  it  took  them  an  equal 
length  of  time  to  drown  their  sorrow. 
The  fight  of  lss-t  had  been  so  close  and 
hard  in  Indiana  that  when  the  Democrats 
finally  realized  that  they  had  won  the 
first  national  victory  since  the  war.  more 
than  half  the  rank  and  hie  of  the  party 
confidently  expected  to  be  rewarded  with 
some  sort  of  Federal  appointment,  and 
when  President  Cleveland  talked  in  plati- 
tudes about  civil  service  reform  and  that 
sort    of  thing  their  disgust    was  deep  and 


OP    THK    STATK    OF    INDIANA. 


intense.  But  even  with  this  state  of 
affairs  the  Republican  State  ticket  pulled 
through  by  a  very  narrow  majority  of  a 
little  over  3,000  votes.  The  legislature, 
upon  which  the  great  fight  had  centered, 
proved  a  tie.  The  Republicans  succeeded 
in  carrying  seven  of  the  thirteen  Congres- 
sional districts,  electing  Messrs.  Hovey, 
Browne,  Johnson.  Cheadle,  <  hvcn,  Steele 
and  White.  Mr.  White  was  elected  in 
the  Twelfth  district,  and  was  the  only 
man  thus  far  that  ever  carried  the  district 
in  its  present  shape. 

The  succeeding  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture was  the  most  exciting  that  Indiana 
has  ever  had.  The  Senate  was  Democratic 
and  declined  to  recognize  the  validity  of 
the  election  of  a  Lieutenant-Governor. 
Robertson  attempted  to  take  his  seat,  hut 
was  ousted  by  force,  declining  to  meet 
force  with  force,  although  the  Republicans, 
as  well  as  the  Democrats,  had  gathered 
large  numbers  of  retainers  in  the  corri- 
dors of  the  State  House.  Robertson  saw 
that  an  attempt  to  retain  his  position 
would  mean  riot,  bloodshed  and  the  dis- 
grace of  the  State,  and  he  had  sufficient 
moral  courage  to  stand  the  hitter  taunts 
of  members  of  his  own  party  who  accused 
him  of  ••showing  the  white  feather."  in 
order  to  save  the  good  name  of  the  State. 
The  Democrats  had  elected  as  President 
of  the  Senate  pro  fent  Alonzo  Green 
Smith,  of  Jennings  county,  who  led  the 
Democrats  in  the  forceful  ejection  of 
Robertson.  Turpie  was  the  Democratic 
nominee  for  the  Senatorship. 

The  first  vote  given  in  each  House  on 
January  is.  resulted  as  follows: 

Senate.    Benjamin    Harrison 18 

Senate.    David   Turpie 32 

House.   Benjamin   Harrison 53 

House.    David    Turpie 43 

Jason  II.   Allen.   (Labor) 4 

Then  came  the  joint  convention  of  the 
two  Houses  presided  over  by  Mr.  Smith 
of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the 
House.      Tile  vote  for  fifteen  ha  Hots  showed 

no  election,  though  Turpie  usually  received 


seventy-five  votes  and  Harrison  seventy- 
one,  while  seventy-six  were  necessary  to  a 
choice.  On  the  sixteenth  ballot,  however. 
the  four  Labor  vote-  were  cast  tor  Turpie 
and  the  President  of  the  Senate  declared 
him  elected,  while  the  Speaker  of  the  House 
declared  that  there  was  no  election.  Gov- 
ernor Gray,  however,  made  out  a  commis- 
sion for  Turpie  and  he  was  seated  by  tin- 
United  States  Senate. 

CAMPAIGN  OF  1888. 

The  campaign  of  1888  was  in  many 
respects  the  most  memorable  the  Republi- 
cans of  Indiana  had  known  since  their 
organization.  During  the  preceding  year, 
Walter  Q.  Gresbam  as  a  judge  of  the  Fed- 
eral court  had  rendered  a  decision  in  favor 
of  the  employes  of  the  I.  B.  &  W.  railroad 
that  had  started  in  his  behalf  a  Presiden- 
tial boom.  Gresham  had  already  been 
Postmaster-General  in  Arthur's  cabinet 
and  he  ami  General  Harrison  were  the 
most  distinguished  among  the  Indiana  Ee- 
publicans,  though  Harrison  was  unques- 
tionably the  leader  of  the  organization. 
The  Presidential  campaign  began  with  the 
election  of  the  State  committee  when  the 
party  throughout  the  State  was  at  once 
divided  into  two  hostile  Harrison  and 
Gresham  camps.  The  district  <•<  >nventi<  ins 
for  the  selection  of  delegates  to  the  Na- 
tional convention  and  members  of  the 
State  committee  were  held  in  February 
and  the  contests  were  tierce.  John  C.  New- 
conducted  the  fight  for  General  Harrison 
and  Charles  W.  Fairbanks  was  the  most 
prominent  leader  of  the  (Tresham  element. 
The  Harrison  people  won  in  a  preliminary 
contest  and  the  following  delegation  to 
Chicago  was  elected: 

Delegates  at  Large.  Allien  <;.  Porter,  Marion: 
It.  W.  Thompson,  Vigo;  .lames  X.  Huston.  Fayette; 
i  lei]]  Studebaker,  St.  Joseph.  Alternates  at  Large, 
Stanton  .1.  Peelle,  Marion;  M.  M.  Hurley,  Floyd; 
H.  <;.  Thayer.  Marshall:  John  1".  Carr.  Whit.-. 
District  Delegates,  First  District,  John  B.  Coefe 
rum.  Warrick;  Arthur  r.  Twinrham.  Gibson;  Sec- 
ond District,  s.  X.  Chambers,  Knox;  Joseph  Gard- 
ner,   Lawrence:   Third    District.   John    Overmyer, 


66 


HISTORY    (>K   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Jennings;  W.  N.  McDonald.  Jackson;  Fourth  Dis- 
trict, M.  I>.  Tockett,  Decatur;  \V.  II.  Clark,  Ohio: 
Fifth  District,  John  V.  Hadley,  Hendricks;  W.  L. 
I Minl;ii>.  Johnson;  Sixth  District,  \Y.  A.  Cullen, 
Rush;  John  F.  Wildman,  Delaware;  Seventh  Dis- 
trict, E.  \V.  Halford.  Marion;  It.  A.  Black,  Han- 
cock; Eighth  District,  -I.  I'.  Early,  Vigo;  R.  N. 
Nixon.  Vermillion;  Ninth  District,  Boone;  N.  I. 
Throckmorton,  Tippecanoe;  Tenth  District,  E  C. 
Field,  Lake;  A.  K.  Sills.  White;  Eleventh  Dis- 
trict, A.  c.  Bearss,  Miami;  Hezekiab  Caldwell, 
Wabash;  Twelfth  District.  James  s.  Drake,  La- 
grange; W.  H.  Knisely,  Whitley;  Thirteenth  His 
trict,  .1.  "\V.  Crumpacker,  Laporte;  M.  W.  Simons. 
Marshall.  District  Alternates,  First  District,  .1. 
R.  Sulzer,  Perry;  W.  T.  Mason.  Spencer;  Second 
District,  -I.  C.  Bellheimer,  Daviess;  M.  C.  Taylor, 
Greene;  Third  Dictrict,  -I.  A.  Kemp,  Washington; 
Geo.  B.  Cordwill,  Floyd:  Fourth  District,  Dr.  W. 
P.  Forshea,  Jefferson:  Alfred  Shaw.  Switzerland; 
Filth  District,  C.  S.  Hammond,  Putnam;  .1.  G. 
McPheeters.  Monroe  :  Sixth  District.  C.  M.  Rock, 
Henry;  Rev.  .1.  M.  Townsend,  Wayne;  Seventh 
District.  Iv  B.  Wingate,  Shelby;  Hen.  D.  Bagby, 
.Marion  frigbth  District.  Simon  Daniels.  \  t.j  A. 
S.  Peacock,  Fountain;  Ninth  District.  II.  S.  Travis. 
Benton:  D.  W.  Paul,  Madison;  Tenth  District.  M.  I.. 
DeMotte,  Porter;  -1.  A.  Hatch,  Newton:  Eleventh 
District.  I.,  c.  Davenport,  Wells:  Leopold  Levy. 
Dubois;  Twelfth  District.  John  M.  Somers,  De- 
Kalii:  Hiram  Iddings,  Noble;  Thirteenth  District. 
Dr.  A.  II.  Henderson.  Starke:  J.  H.  Cisney,  Kos- 
ciusko. 

The  following  were  elected  members  of 
the  State  committee: 

First  District,  Frank  P..  Posey,  Pike;  Second 
District,  T.  II.  Adams.  Knox:  Third  District.  M. 
M.  Hurley.  Floyd:  Fourth  District.  M.  R.  Sulzer. 
Jefferson;  Fifth  District,  .1.  1.  Irwin,  Bartholomew; 
Sixth  District,  I..  D.  Stubbs.  Wayne;  Seventh  Dis- 
trict. D.  M,  Ransdell.  .Marion:  Eighth  District. 
John  H.   Burford,  Montgomery;  .Ninth   District,  .1. 

A.  Swoveland,  Tipton;  Tenth  District,  F.  D.  Crum- 
packer, Porter;  Eleventh  District,  John  I.  Dille, 
Huntington;  Twelfth  District,  Wm.  Bunyan,  No- 
ble; Thirteenth  District,  I..  W.  Royse,  Kosciusko. 
Mr.  Huston  was  re-elected  Chairman;  P.  M. 
Ransdell,  Vice-Chairman;  John  I.  Dille.  Secretary, 
and  Wm.  Wallace,  Treasurer.  The  Executive 
Committee  was  composed  of  L.  T.   Michener.  John 

B.  Elani.  Win.  II.  Hart.  W.  N.  McDonald  and  F. 
M.  Millikan.  The  Finance  Committee  was  com- 
posed of  Stanton  J.  Peelle,  N.  S.  Byram,  W.  R.  Mr- 
Keen,  J.  it.  Jackson  and  Hiram  Iddings. 

After  a  long  struggle  at  Chicago,  in 
June,  General  Harrison  was  nominated. 
Ami  while  his  nomination  unquestionably 
strengthened  the  party  in  Indiana,  the 
unfortunate    rivalry    of    Judge    Gresham 


also  had  its  effect.  While  Mr.  Fairbanks 
and  other  leaders  of  the  Gresham  wing 
took  oft  their  coats  and  diil  valiant  work 
for  Harrison,  yet  the  ante-convention 
struggle  had  been  so  close  and  bitter  that 
many  of  the  (  rresham  following  in  Indiana 
could  not  he  reconciled. 

The  State  convention  met  in  Indiana  - 
polis  on  August  s.  and  adopted  the  follow- 
ing platform  : 

With  grateful  pride,  the  Republicans  of  Indi- 
ana indorse  and  ratify  the  action  of  the  National 
convention,  held  in  Chicago  in  June  last.  Affirm- 
ing allegiance  to  the  policy  and  principles  of  the 
Republican  party,  we  pledge  to  the  nominees  for 
President  and  Vice-President  a  united  and  success- 
ful support.  The  electoral  votes  of  Indiana  will 
he  given  for  Harrison  and  Morton.  In  commend- 
ing Benjamin  Harrison  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  we  repeat  the  words  in  which  the  State 
presented  him  as  a  candidate  for  nomination:  "A 
Republican  without  equivocation,  always  in  the 
fore  front  of  every  contest,  devoted  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  party  with  which  he  hits  been  identi- 
fied since  its  organization,  prominent  and  zealous 
in  all  its  campaigns,  wise  and  trusted  in  its  coun- 
cils, serving  with  honorable  distinction  in  the 
military  ami  civil  service  of  the  Government,  of 
great  ability,  long  and  distinguished  public  lite,  of 
high  character  and  unblemished  reputation." 

The  National  platform  expresses  the  faith  of 
the  party  upon  National  questions.  For  the  Re- 
publicans of  Indiana,  we  declare— 

Crimes  against  an  equal  ballot  and  equal  rep- 
resentation arc  destructive  of  free  government. 
The  iniquitous  and  unfair  apportionment,  for  con- 
gressional and  legislative  purposes,  made  at  the 
behest  of  the  Liquor  League  of  Indiana,  followed 
by  conspiracy,  and  forgery  upon  the  election  re- 
turns of  1886,  in  Marion  county,  for  which  a  num- 
ber of  prominent  Democratic  party  leaders  were 
indicted  and  tried,  two  of  whom  are  now  suffering 
the  deserved  penalty  of  their  acts,  demands  the 
rebuke  of  every  patriotic  citizen.  The  gerrymander, 
by  which  more  than  half  of  the  people  of  the  State 
are  shorn  of  their  just  rights,  must  be  repealed, 
and  constitutional  apportionments  made  whereby 
the  votes  of  members  of  all  political  parties  will 
be  given  equal  force  and  effect.  We  believe  equal 
political  rights  to  be  the  only  basis  of  a  truly 
Democratic  and  Republican  form  of  government. 

The  action  id'  the  Democrats  in  the  last  Gener- 
al Assembly  was  revolutionary  and  criminal.  The 
will  of  the  people,  expressed  in  a  peaceable  and 
lawful  election,  advised  and  participated  in  by 
the  Democratic  party,  was  set  at  defiance,  and  the 
Constitution  and  laws,  as  expounded  by  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  state,  disregarded  and  nullified. 
Public    and    private    rights    were    subverted    and 


OF   THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  »;7 

destroyed,  and   tue  Capitol  of   Indiana   disgraced  homestead,   in  addition   to   the  personal   property 

with  violence  and  brutality.    The  alleged  election  now  exempted  from  execution  by  law. 
.if  a   United   Suites  Senator   was  accomplished   by  Fees   and   salaries   should    be   equalized    under 

fraud    and    force,    by    highhanded    usurpation    of  the  constitutional  amendmenl  adopted  by  so  large 

power,   the  overthrow  of  constitutional  and  legal  a   majority  for  thai   iiuriM.se.  and  a  law  for  the 

forms,  the  setting  aside  of  the  results  of  a  popu-  equitable  compensation  of  public  officials   should 

lar  election,  and  the  theft  of  the  prerogatives  of  be  promptly  enacted.    The  methods  of  county  and 

duly  elected  and  qualified  members  of  the  legisla-  township  business  should  1 :onomized  and  sini- 

ture.    That  stolen  senatorship  is  part  of  the  Demo-  plified. 

cratic    administration     at     Washington,     now     in  The    amendments    to    the    Slate    Constitution, 

power  by  virtue  of  public  crimes  and  the  nullifica-  making   the   terms   of   county   officers   four  years, 

lion  of  constitutions  and  laws.  and  striking  out  the  word  "white"  from  Section  1. 

The  sworn  revelations  of  corruption,  scoundrel-  Article  12.  so  thai  colored  men  may  become  pari 

ism.  and  outrage  in  the  eonduet  of  the  penal  and  of  the  regular  militia  force  for  the  defense  of  the 

benevolent   institutions  of  the  State,   made  before  State,  should  be  renewed. 

investigating  committees  of  the  last  legislature,  Railway  and  other  corporations  should  be  sub- 
and  confessed  by  the  actions  of  a  Democratic  Gov-  ject  to  control  through  the  legislative  power  thai 
eruor  and  Democratic  legislators,  enforce  the  de-  created  them;  their  undue  influence  in  legislation 
mand  of  an  enlightened  public  sentiment  that  these  and  courts  and  the  imposition  of  unnecessary 
great  and  sacred  trusts  be  forever  removed  front  burdens  upon  the  people,  through  illegitimate  in- 
partisan  control.  We  favor  placing  all  public  crease  of  stock  or  capital,  should  he  summarily 
institutions  under  a  wisely  conceived  ami  honest-  prevented. 
lv  administered  civil  service  law.                                           The  free  unsectarian  public  school  system  must 


Labor  is  the  foundation  of  the  State.     It   must 


he   protected    against    inipairm.  nt    or   abridgment 


,,        .,        ,  .    .„„.        .  ,         ,,,;,,  i,   ,,,,,.         from  any  cause.     The  constitutional  provision  for 
he  tree,   well  paid  and  intelligent   to  remain  h.uioi- 

a  . -0111111011  school  education  of  the  children  of  all 


able,  prosperous  ami  dignified.    In  the  Interests 
labor  we  favor  the  establishment   ami  permanent 


the     people     ShOUld     he     given     the     wi.lesl     possible 


,  ....  ,,;,;.      to  scope.     The  Slate   Normal   School   for  the   training 

maintenance  ot  a  huerau  ot  labor  statistics.     We  ' 

of  teachers  for  the  common  schools  should  be  re- 
built, and  tile  school  fund  of  the  Slate  released 
from  restrictions  that  keep  il  out  of  the  hands  of 
the   people. 

Polities  and  legislation  must  be  kept  free  from 
the  influence  of  the  saloon.  The  liquor  traffic  liiusl 
obey  the  law.  We  favor  legislation  upon  the  prill 
ciple  of  local  option,  whereby  the  various  commun- 
ities throughout  the  State  may.  as  they  deem  best, 
either  control  or  suppress  the  traffic  iii  intoxicating 
liquors. 

The  gratitude  of  a  patriotic  people  to  the  de- 
fenders of  the  Union  .annoi  be  measured  by 
money.  They  will  not  consent  that  any  Union 
soldier  or  sailor,  or  his  widow  or  orphans,  shall 
be  impoverished  or  embarrassed  because  ..t  the 
refusal  of  liberal  provision  by  the  Government,  or 
by  technical  requirements  of  law  or  administra- 
tion in  securing  recognition  of  their  .just  claims. 
Proof  of  an  honorable  discharge,  or  of  an  existing 

men    and    their    employers.    The    right    ot    wage-        ,.,.,.  ,  .         ,  ,    ,       ,,,,,>«;,,, 

1  ,       disability    ought    and    must    be    deemed    sufficient 


favor  the  passage  and  strict  enforcement  of  laws 
which  will  absolutely  prevent  the  competition  of 
imported,  servile,  convict  or  contract  labor,  of  all 
kinds,  with  free  labor:  prohibit  the  employment  of 
young  children  in  mines  and  factories;  guarantee 
to  workiugmen  the  most  favorable  conditions  for 
their  service,  especially  proper  safeguards  for  life 
and  comfort  in  mines  and  factories,  on  railways. 
and  in  all  hazardous  occupations,  to  secure  which 
the  duties  and  powers  of  the  State  -Mine  Inspector 
should  he  enlarged,  and  provisions  made  whereby 
only  skilled  and  competent  men  can  be  placed  in 
positions  where  they  may  be  in  control  of  the  lives 
and  safety  of  others;  enforce  the  certain  and  fre- 
quent payment  of  wages:  abridge  the  hours  of 
labor  wherever  practicable,  and  provide  for  the 
submission  to  just  and  impartial  arbitration, 
under  regulations  that  will  make  the  arbitration 
effective,    of    all    controversies    between    working- 


workers   to   organize  for   legitimate   promotion   of 
their  mutual  good  cannot   be  questioned 


bowing  to  warrant  the  award  of  a  pension. 

We   congratulate   the  people  of   the   State   upon 

A  just  and  equal  enforcement  of  the  law  is  the  tm,  jlllli(..,ti(ms  ,,r  :1  prosperity  thai  is  being  main- 
only  sure  defense  of  the  rights  of  the  people.  It  tajnea-  despite  all  adverse  influences.  The  rapid 
is  the  highest  duty  of  the  State  and  local  govern-  utilization  of  natural  gas  has  greatly  stimulated 
incuts  to  administer  all  laws  for  the  protection  of  ,1|c,  ill(lusn.j:li  interests  of  the  commonwealth,  and 
life  and  property,  and  the  abdication  of  this  fun.-  rendered  more  essential  the  continuance  of  thai 
lion  to  private  and  personal  agencies  is  dangerous  1>nl]]lllllil.  system  under  which  our  marvelous  ad- 
to  the  public  peace  and  subversive  of  proper  re-  vaucen.ciit  lias  been  made.  State  legislation 
sped   for  legal  authority.  should  be  directed  toward   the  reclamation  of  un 

We  favor  such  legislation  as  will  secure  to  tillable  lands  and  the  development  of  our  resources 
every  head  of  a  family  in  Indiana   a   comfortable        of  every  kind. 


HISTORY    OF   THK    KKIM'BI.H'AN    I'AIM'V 


Democratic  Mlibustering  in  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives prevented  the  return  to  the  Treasury 
of  the  State  of  Indiana  of  the  sum  of  $904,875.33, 
the  Justice  of  which  claim  against  the  General 
Government  has  been  officially  acknowledged  and 
iis  repayment  provided  for.  Like  hostile  Demo- 
cratic action  lias  also  prevented  the  return  to  our 
Stale  treasury  of  $606,979.41  discount  and  interest 
on  war-claim  bonds  rendered  necessary  to  equip 
and  maintain  the  volunteer  soldiers  who  went  mil 
under  the  first  call  for  troops  in  1861.  More  than 
a  million  and  a  half  of  dollars  justly  due  the  State 
are  thus  withheld,  in  the  presence  of  an  increasing 
Federal  surplus,  and  of  a  practically  bankrupt 
state  treasury,  caused  by  the  incompetence  of 
Democratic  State  administration. 

The  services  of  our  Republican  members  of  the 
National  House  of  Representatives  meet  our  un- 
qualified approval.  They  have  been  alert  to  pro- 
tect the  interests  of  the  State  and  their  respective 
constituents.  The  location  of  a  branch  of  the  Na- 
tional Soldiers'  Home,  and  the  prospective  estab- 
lishment of  a  marine  hospital,  within  the  borders 
of  our  State,  are  causes  for  special  congratulation. 

Under  this  declaration  of  facts  and  principles, 
the  Republicans  of  Indiana  Invite  the  co-operation 
of  all  citizens,  irrespective  of  past  political  faith 
or  action. 

The  following  State  ticket  was  put  in 
the  Held: 

Governor — Alvin  P.  Hovey. 

Lieutenant-Governor— Ira,  J.  Chase. 

Secretary  of  State- Charles  F.  Griffin. 

Auditor  of  State— Bruce  Carr. 

Treasurer  of  state — J.  A.  Lemcke. 

Attorney-General — Louis  T.  Michener. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  —  H.  M. 
LaFollette. 

Reporter  of the  Supreme  Court—  John  I,.  Griffiths. 

The  nominees  for  Congress  in  the  var- 
ious districts  were  as  follows: 

First  District.  Frank  B.  Posey;  Second  His 
trict,  Thomas  N.  Braxton;  Third  District,  Stephen 
li.  Sayles;  Fourth  District.  Mauley  D.  Wilson; 
Fifth  District.  Henry  C.  Duncan;  Sixth  District, 
Thomas  M.  Browne;  Seventh  District.  Thomas  F. 
Chandler;  Eighth  District.  .lames  T.  Johnston; 
Ninth  District.  Joseph  B.  Cheadle;  Tenth  District. 
Win.  D  Owen;  Eleventh  District.  Ceo.  W.  Steele; 
Twelfth  District,  .lames  B.  White;  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict. Wm.  Haynes. 

A  tremendous  amount  of  energy  was 
put  into  the  campaign.     The  organization 

was  closer  than  it  had  ever  been  before, 
ami  there  was  not  a  school  district  in  the 
State  that  did  not  have  a  number  of  cam- 
paign   rallies    during    the   autumn,  while 


some  of  the  demonstrations  in  the  larger 
cities  were  simply  enormous.  From  almost 
the  beginning  of  the  campaign  General 
Harrison  was  kept  busy  day  after  day 
receiving  delegations,  sometimes  contain- 
ing thousands  of  men.  from  all  over  the 
country  that  made  Indianapolis  their 
Mecca,  and  his  short  speeches  delivered 
upon  receiving  them  were  the  most  effect- 
ive arguments  the  Republicans  had.  not 
only  in  Indiana  hut  throughout  the  conn- 
try.  Harrison  carried  the  State  by  a 
plurality  of  2,331  votes  out  of  more  than 
half  a  million  votes  cast,  and  pulled  the 
State  ticket  through  with  him.  though  the 
legislature  on  account  of  the  gerrymander 
remained  Democratic.  The  following  Re- 
publican members  were  elected  to  Con- 
gress : 

Browne  in  the  Sixth  District;  Cheadle 
in  the  Ninth  and  Owen  in  the  Tenth.  The 
presiding  legislature  had  so  gerryman- 
dered the  State  for  Congressional  purposes 
that  though  the  Republicans  carried  Indi- 
ana by  a  clear  majority,  they  were  able  to 
elect  but  three  of  the  eleven  members  of 
Congress.  In  January  a  special  election 
was  held  in  the  First  District  to  fill  out 
tlie  unexpired  term  of  General  Hovey. 
who  had  resigned  to  accept  the  Governor- 
ship, and  for  this  short  term  Mr.  Posey 
was  elected  over  the  man  who  had  defeated 
him  in  November,  with  nearly  1,000  votes 
to  spare.  In  the  November  election  he 
had  been  defeated  by  only  twenty   votes. 

During  this  campaign  the  club  organi- 
zation of  the  State  attained  a  very  high 
degree  of  efficiency  under  the  new  Lin- 
coln League  managed  by  the  following 
i  ifficers : 

President— W.  L.  Taylor,  Indianapolis. 

Secretary — W.  H.  Smith.  Indianapolis. 

Treasurer — N.  S.  By  rani,  Indianapolis. 

Executive  Committee — W.  R.  McKeen.  Terre 
Haute;  A.  R.  Shroyer,  Logansport;  Gen.  John  Co- 
burn.  Indianapolis;  A.  C.  Daily.  Lebanon;  Jesse  J. 
Brown.  Nrw  Albany. 

District  Managers — First,  Walter  S.  Viele, 
Evansville;  second.  W.  R.  Gardiner,  Washington; 
third,    George   B.    Card  will.   New    Albany;    fourth, 


()K    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Albert  Davis.  Liberty:  fifth.  W.  R.  McClelland.  Dan- 
ville: sixth.  David  Paul  Liebhardt.  Milton;  seventh. 
M.  A.  Chipman,  Anderson;  eighth.  Nick  Filbeck. 
Terre  Haute:  ninth.  C.  C.  Shirley.  Kokomo;  tenth. 
M.  F.  Chilcote,  Rensselaer:  eleventh.  Win  S  Sil- 
vers, Bluffton:  twelfth.  H.  C.  Hanna.  Ft.  Wayne; 
L.   W.  Royse,  Warsaw. 

Vice  Presidents — First.  Frank  B.  Posey.  Peters- 
burg: second.  T.  H.  Adams,  Vincennes;  third.  M.  M. 
Hurley.  New  Albany:  fourth.  M.  R.  Sulzer,  Madi- 
son; fifth.  J.  I.  Irwin.  Columbus:  sixth.  L.  D.  Stubbs, 
Richmond;  seventh.  D.  M.  Ransdell.  Indianapolis; 
eighth,  J  H.  Burford.  Crawfordsville;  ninth.  J.  A. 
Swoveland,  Tipton;  tenth,  E.  D.  Crumpacker,  Val- 
paraiso; eleventh,  J.  I.  Dille.  Huntington;  twelfth 
Win.  Bunyan,  Kendallville:  thirteenth.  L.  W.  Royse. 
Warsaw.  ' 

CAMPAIGN  OF  1890. 

Like  the  Democrats  after  the  1884  cam- 
paign, the  Indiana  Republicans  after  the 
success  of  1888  all  expected  office,  anil 
most  of  the  leaders  got  it.  So  great  in 
fact  was  the  exodus  of  Republicans  from 
the  State  to  till  Federal  offices  that  the 
campaign  of  1S90  fell  largely  into  the 
hands  of  a  new  generation  of  leaders. 
While  the  Democratic  legislature  of  1889 
afforded  a  good  deal  of  ground  for  criti- 
cism it  nevertheless  introduced  two  great 
reforms:  One  in  the  shape  of  a  uniform 
system  of  school  books  and  the  other,  and 
by  far  the  more  important,  in  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Australian  ballot  system 
for  voting.  Corruption  in  elections  had 
become  almost  universal,  and  while  Indi- 
ana was  no  worse  than  some  other  States, 
it  was  no  better  than  the  worst  of  them  in 
the  matter  of  election  frauds  and  buying 
votes,  a  fact  due  in  a  large  measure  to 
the  equal  division  of  parties  in  the  State 
that  made  every  election  doubtful  until 
the  votes  were  counted  out.  Then  the 
famous  tally  sheet  frauds  of  1888  that 
sent  Simeon  Coy  to  the  penitentiary  had 
aroused  public  indignation,  and  there  was 
a  general  clamor  for  a  law  that  would 
produce  something  like  purity  in  elections. 
Thus  when  the  legislature  enacted  the 
Australian  ballot  law.  even  its  political 
opponents  acknowledged  it  had  done  a 
erood  thins:,  but  State  issues  did  not  cut  a 


very  large  figure  in  the  campaign  of  l  890, 
though  it  was  an  "off  year."  The  He- 
publican  Congress  h;,d  passed  the  McKin- 
ley  tariff  bill  and  the  readjustment  of 
prices  following  gave  every  opportunity 
to  misrepresent  its  effects.  Democratic 
and  self-declared  independent  newspapers 
were  full  of  the  terrors  of  the  McKinley 
tariff.  Then  Congress  had  under  consid- 
eration a  measure  for  the  supervision  of 
elections  by  United  States  officers,  and 
this  bill  was  denounced  far  and  wide  as  a 
new  "force  bill."  designed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  centralizing  in  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment the  entire  control  of  elections. 
Another  powerful  factor  just  at  this  time 
was  the  widespread  agrarian  agitation. 
The  old  farmers'  organization  known  as 
the  Grange  had  given  way  to  a  new  secret 
order  known  as  the  Farmers*  Alliance 
which  had  spread  like  wild-fire  throughout 
the  West  and  South.  Lodges  had  been 
organized  all  through  Indiana,  and  there 
was  a  great  deal  of  mystification  upon  the 
part  of  the  people  as  to  the  purpose  of  the 
organization,  which  contained  among  its 
leaders  enthusiasts  who  believed  that  they 
could  revolutionize  the  laws  of  trade,  and 
control  the  politics  of  the  country. 

The  Republicans  held  their  organiza- 
tion meetings  in  February  and  elected  the 
following  members  of  the  State  committee: 

First  District.  A.  P.  Twineham,  Princeton;  Sir- 
ond  District.  T.  H.  Adams.  Vincennes;  Third  Dis- 
trict, S.  E.  Carter.  Seymour:  Fourth  District.  M. 
R.  Sulzer,  Madison:  Fifth  District.  < '.  S.  Hammond. 
Greencastle;  Sixth  District.  .1.  W.  Maey,  Winches 
ter:  Seventh  District.  W.  T.  Durbin.  Anderson: 
Eighth  District.  W.  T.  Brush,  Crawfordsville: 
Ninth  District.  C.  C.  Shirley.  Kokomo;  Tenth  Dis- 
trict. E.  D.  Crumpacker,  Valparaiso;  Eleventh 
District.  Wm.  Ha/.eii.  Wabash:  Twelfth  District. 
Wm.  Bunyan,  Kendallville;  Thirteenth  District. 
Win.   D.   Frazer.   Warsaw. 

The  committee  organized  by  the  elec- 
tion of  the  following  officers: 

I..  T.  Michoner.  Chairman;  M.  Ii.  Sulzer,  Vice- 
chairman:  Frank  M.  MilliUan.  Secretary:  Horace 
.McKay.  Treasurer:  R.  E.  Mansfield,  Ass't  Sec'y. 
Chairman  Michener  appointed  tin'  following  exe- 
cutive committee:  Stanton  .1.   Peelle,  Indianapolis; 


HISTORY    <>K    THK    RK1TBUCAN    PARTY 


.1.  K.  Gowdy,  Rushville;  E.  II.  Nebeker,  Coving- 
ton; .1.  B.  Soman,  Danville;  W.  N.  Harding,  In- 
dianapolis. 

The  State  convention  met  at  Indianap- 
olis, September  1".  and  adopted  the  follow- 
ing platform: 

The  Republican  party  of  Indiana  congratulate 

the  i pie  of  the  State  upon  the  fact  that,  since  we 

last  were  assembled  on  a  like  occasion,  the  State 
has  \\rr ti  honored  for  the  first  time  in  its  history 
by  tlir  elevation  of  one  of  its  citizens  to  tin-  posi- 
tion of  Chief  Executive  of  the  Nation. 

We  indorse  the  administration  of  Benjamin 
Harrison,  ami  the  able  statesmen  selected  as  his 
co-laborers  and  advisers,  as  being  wise,  vigorous, 
and  patriotic.  He  has  kept  the  pledges  made  to 
the  people,  ami  has  carefully  guarded  and  zealous- 
ly promoted  their  welfare,  and  elevated  the  condi- 
tion of  tho  public  service. 

We  heartily  approve  tin-  action  of  the  Repub- 
licans in  Congress.  Under  the  brilliant  and  fear- 
less leadership  of  Thomas  B.  Reed  they  have  again 
proved  that  the  Liepublican  party  ran  he  relied 
upon  to  meet  ami  solve  great  public  questions,  and 
have  once  more  demonstrated  its  capacity  for  in- 
telligent and  patriotic  government.  Important 
treaties  concluded  and  pending,  liberal  pension 
laws,  the  revision  of  the  system  of  impost  duties. 
provision  for  the  certain  and  impartial  collection 
thereof,  laws  authorizing  states  to  deal  with  ar- 
ticles deemed  harmful,  legislation  to  secure  pure 
food  to  our  people,  and  removing  all  objections  to 
the  products  of  our  farms  in  foreign  markets,  pro- 
visions for  increasing  the  volume  of  a  sound  cur- 
rency, laws  designed  to  make  elections  fair  and 
pure  legislation  tor  the  protection  of  railroad  em- 
ployes, laws  against  trusts  and  monopolies,  to 
suppress  lotteries,  to  prohibit  convict  labor  on  pub- 
lic works,  to  prohibit  importation  of  foreign  labor- 
ers under  contract,  for  the  protection  of  miners, 
to  endow  colleges  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  and  statutes  adding  six  stars  to  the  Hag  of 
the  Union,  each  representing  a  commonwealth 
already  great  and  populous,  constitute  work  com- 
pleted or  well  advanced,  which,  in  character  and 
value,  has  rarely  been  equaled  in  any  single  session 
of  i  Congress. 

Familiar  with  the  history  of  the  last  thirty 
years,  the  people  need  scarcely  be  reminded  that 
all  this  useful  legislation  has  met  Democratic  op- 
position, prolonged,  bitter  and  determined.  With 
singular  persistence  the  representatives  of  that 
party  have  Bung  themselves  under  the  wheels  of 
tl"-  e;ir  of  progress  and  the  ears  of  the  people 
have  been  tilled  with  their  outcries.  Charged  with 
uigli  public  duties,  they  have  vehemently  insisted 

that  they  were  u,,i  present  in  the  halls  of  legisla- 
tion  except    lor  the  purpose  of  receiving  their  sal- 


aries and  obstructing  public  business.  We  con- 
demn their  conduct  as  unworthy  of  the  representa- 
tives of  a  people  whose  government  is  founded  on 
the  rigid  of  the  majority  to  rule,  and  as  hostile  to 
the  laborer,  the  mechanic,  the  soldier,  the  farmer, 
and  the  manufacturer,  all  of  whose  interests  are 
directly  involved  in  the  legislation  they  have  so 
violently   opposed. 

We  reaffirm  our  belief  in  the  Republican  doc- 
trine of  protection  to  American  industries.  Home 
markets,  with  millions  of  consumers  engaged  in 
varied  industries,  are  the  best  in  the  world,  and 
for  many  perishable  articles  the  only  ones  acces- 
sible. American  markets  should  be  first  for  our 
own  citizens,  and  to  this  end  we  favor  levying  im- 
port duties  upon  products  of  other  nations,  often 
the  result  of  degraded  labor,  selecting  such  articles 
as  we  can  produce  profitably,  and  as  will  bring 
revenue  to  the  government  and  impose  the  least 
burden  upon  our  own  people. 

We  condemn  the  Democratic  doctrine  of  free 
trade,  under  the  operation  of  which  thousands  now 
engaged  in  manufacturing,  mining,  and  like  indus- 
tries must  be  driven  to  agricultural  pursuits,  at 
once  increasing  our  farm  products,  and  destroying 
the  best  and  most  reliable  markets  for  them,  and 
commend  the  policy  of  reciprocity  proposed  in  con 
nection  with  pending  tariff  legislation,  to  the  end 
that,  when  our  markets  are  opened  more  freely  to 
the  products  of  other  countries,  we  should  obtain 
as  a  consideration  therefor  more  favorable  trade 
privileges  with  the  country  so  benefitted.  We  will 
thus  secure,  especially  in  Mexico,  the  Central  and 
South  American  States,  and  adjacent  islands,  such 
a  market  for  our  agricultural  and  manufactured 
products  as  will  enable  us  to  pay  for  our  sugar  and 
coffee  with  the  product  of  our  mills  and  farms. 

We  heartily  approve  tne  action  of  Republicans 
in  Congress  in  making  generous  provision  for  him 
who  has  borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow  and 
orphans.  A  wise  liberality,  far  surpassing  any 
similar  action  by  other  nations,  gives  to  the  de- 
fenders of  the  Union  and  those  dependent  upon 
them,  at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of 
dollars  annually,  of  this  vast  amount  over  fifteen 
millions  will  be  disbursed  ill  tile  State  of  Indiana 
each  year,  bringing  needed  relief  to  thousands  of 
patriotic  homes,  and  stimulating  business  by 
largely  increasing  the  volume  of  money  circulat- 
ing among  our  people. 

As  against  all  Democratic  promises  and  pre- 
tenses, we  proudly  recall  the  fact  that  all  pension 
legislation  nas  been  placed  upon  the  statute  books 
by  Republicans  and  against  constant  Democratic 
opposition  they  have  seadily  maintained  a  revenue 
system  adequate  to  meet  its  demands.  Nor  has  it 
been  the  habit  of  Republican  Presidents  to  sneei 
at  or  veto  laws  adding  to  the  comfort  of  those 
who  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  Union,  and 
gave  to  the  .Nation  one  flag  of  honor  and  authority. 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  7] 

In  justice  to  the  Union  soldiers  and  sailors,   we  indicate  their  true  character,  «<•  favor  such  !,■- is 

urge  the  passage  of  the  service  pension  bill.  lation   by   Congress  and   the  State   legislature  as 

We  commend  the  action  of  Republicans  in  Con-  will  best  accomplish  thai  purpose, 
gress   on   the   subject    of   silver   coinage.      Every  We  denounce  all  trusts  and  combinations  tend- 

Democrat  in  Congress,  who  is  recorded  as  voting,  ing  to  hurtfully  affect   the  price  of  commodities 

including    the    last    candidate   of    that    party    for  as  opposed  to  the  welfare  of  the  people  at  large, 

Vice-President,  at  the  time  of  the  demonitization  and    favor  such    State   legislation   as   will   supple 

of   silver,    voted    iii    favor   of   that    measure.    Ex-  incut  the  action  of  a  Republican  Congress  looking 

President    Cleveland,    by    messages    to    Congress,  to  their  suppression. 

strongly  opposed  all  legislation  favorable  to  silver  To  cheapen  transportation  and  to  improve  the 

coinage,  and  the  law  recently  enacted  was  passed  market  for  the  products  of  our  farms  and  mills.  wt 

in  spite  of  persisteni    Democratic  opposition.    I'm  favor  the  improve m  of  our  rivers  and  harbors 

der  its  beneficent  influence,  silver  has  rapidly  ap-  wherever  a    reasonable  expenditure   will   increase 

preached  the  gold  standard  of  value,  farm  products  facilities  for  carrying  freight. 
are  advancing  in  price,  and   commerce  is  feeling  We  cordially  indorse  the  administration  of  Gov- 

the  impulse  of  increased  prosperity,    it    will  add  ernor  Alvin  P.   Hovey  and  his  Republican  associ- 

niore  than  $50,000,000  annually  of  sound  currency  ates  as  courageous,  prudent,  and  earnestly  devoted 

to   the  amount   in  circulation   among   the  people,  to  the  best  interests  of  the  1 pie  of  the  State. 

and  is  a  long  yet  prudent  step  toward  free  coinage.  We  demand    that    our   benevolent    institutions 

Prosperous  and  dignified  labor  is  essential  to  a  be  pla 1  above  the  level  of  partisan  politics,  and 

free  State.    It  should  be  well  paid,  and  the  hours  that    they    lie   controlled    by    hoards   composed    ol 

of  employment  should  he  such  as  to  leave  leisure  members  of  different    political   parties,   appointed 

tor   recreation   and    lor   mental   and    moral   culture.  by  the  Governor,   to  the  end   that   the  cost   of  their 

\\'e  favor  protection  againsl  every  form  of  convict  maintenance  may  he  reduced,  ami  the  helpless  ami 

or  servile  labor,  prohibition  of  the  employment  of  unfortunate  wards  of  the  state  may  ao1  he  made 

young  children  in  factories  and  mines,  protection  the  victims  of  uufil  appointments  dictated  by  the 

of  railroad  employes  by  requiring  the  adoption  of  caucus,  and  made  as  a   reward  for  party  services, 
a  uniform  coupler,  protection  of  employes  in   lac-  We  denounce  all  attempts  to  correct   supposed 

lories  and  mines  anl  in  every  hazardous  occupation  evils  by  the  lawless  acts  of  mobs,  commonly  called 

from  every  danger  that   can   he   removed   or  diniin-  White  Caps,  as  unworthy  of  a  civilized  State.     We 

ished,  the  adjustment   of  differences  between   the  favor  such  legislation  as  will  aid  the  executive  end 

employer   and    the   employed    by    arbitration,    ami  local  authorities  in  exterminating  such  evils  in  the 

such  legislation  as  may  he  led  to  facilitate  and  few    localities    where   there   have   been   occasional 

protect  organizations  of  farmers  and  wage  laborers  manifestations  of  this  law  less  spirit,  and  that  there 

tor  the  proper  and  lawful  promotion  of  their  mu-  may  he  no  pretext  for  lawless  attempts  to  redress 

cual   interests.    And    we  condemn   the   conduct   of  supposed  grievances  we  demand  the  vigorous  en- 

the  representatives  of  the  Democratic  party,  both  forcement  of  the  laws  against  all  offenders  by  the 

in   Congress,    and    in    the    legislature   of    Indiana.  duly  constituted  authorities  of  the  State. 

who.    while  professing   abundant    regard    for   the  The  efforts  of  the  sal 1   to  control  political 

welfare  of  the  workingman,   have  failed   to  enact  parties  and   dominate  elections  must   he   met   and 

valid  and  efficient  laws  on  these  subjects.  defeated.    The   traffic   in    intoxicating   liquors   has 

We  repeat  our  demand  for  elections  that  shall  always  been  regarded  as  a  proper  subject  for  legis- 

be  free,   equal,  and   honesi    iii   every  pari   of  the  lative  restraint  and  those  engaged  in  it  should  he 

Union.    Upon   such   elections  depend    the   political  compelled  hoy  the  laws.    We  favor  legislation 

equality  and  just  represeniati t    the   people  of  upon   the   principle  of   local   option,    whereby    the 

every  State.    Our  National  Government  is  founded  various  communities  throughout   the  Stale  may.  as 

upon  the   idea   that   there  shall   he  such  elections.  they    deem    best,    either   control    or   suppress    this 

ami  we  urge  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  to  traffic,  and  approve  the  recent  action  of  Congress 

enact  such  laws  as  will  accomplish  this  result,  ami  remitting  the  control  of  this  subject  to  the  several 

make  ample  provision  for  forcing   the  discontinn-  States, 
ance  of  intimidation,  corruption  ami  fraud.  We  believe  thai  all  state  officers  who  serve  the 

We  believe  that   the  soil  of  the  United  Slates  whole  people  should  lie  elected  by  them  as  soon  as 

should  he  reserved   for  iis  own  citizens  and  such  appointments    made   by    the   executive    under    the 

as  may   become  citizens,  and   favor  such   legisla-  Constitution  expire,  and  favor  such  an  amendment 

lion  by  Congress  and  the  State  legislature  as  will  to   the   National   Constitution   as   will   extend    tie 

prevent  aliens  becoming  owners  of  the  land  needed  same  method  to  the  election  of  United  state.  Sena 

for  homes  for  independent  American  farmers.  tors,  tints  reducing  the  danger  of  corruption,  giving 

Believing  that    the  food   supply  of  the  people  the  majority  representation,  and  making  such  an 

should    he   kept    as   pure   as   possible,    ami    that    all  election  as  that    under   which   one   Indiana   Senator 

articles  should  he  sold  under  such  names  as  will  now   misrepresents  its  people   impossible. 


7l'  HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

We  believe  thai  the  making  of  public  improve-  party  as  the  great  safeguard  of  government  by  the 

nieuts,   .-Hid   other  purely   business  affairs  of  our  people.    To  the  end  that  free  schools  may  accom- 

larger  cities,  can  be  best   and   most   economically  |ilis]i  a   more  perfect   work  arid  extend  the   Ines- 

inanaged  by  non-partisan  boards,  and  favor  legis-  timable  benefits  of  education  siili  further  to  free 

lation  to  that   end,  bul   we  maintain  the  right   of  school  bouses  and  free  tuition  we  would  add  free 

local  self-government,  and  believe  that  such  boards  text  I ks.  so  that  the  humblest  child  within  our 

should  be  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  the  city  borders  would  be  offered  an  education  absolutely 
they  are  to  serve.  free.  Legislation  to  this  end  should  Dot  be  post- 
Tin-  better  to  secure  the  savings  of  our  people  poned,  but  be  so  framed  as  aot  to  impair  contracts 
so  largely  invested  in  building  associations,  we  to  which  the  State  stands  pledged.  To  further 
lavor  legislation  requiring  foreign  associations  and  promote  the  efficiency,  and  better  secure  equality 
those  organized  in  other  States  to  make  proper  in  the  operation,  of  our  school  laws,  we  favor  a 
proof  of  their  solvency,  furnish  ample  security,  and  just  and  equitable  apportionment  of  the  school 
pay  a  reasonable  license  fee  for  the  privilege  of  funds  of  the  state.  We  are  opposed  to  any  inter- 
doing  business  in  the  State.  ference  with  the  rights  now  conceded  to  citizens 

We    condemn    the    legislature    of    Indiana    tot-  maintaining   private  ami   parochial   schools, 
creating  oflices  ami  attempting  to  till  them   with  We  condemn   the  reckless  ami   unbusinesslike 

its  own   favorites,  contrary  to  established  custom  policy   of  the   Democratic  party,   under   which,   at 

and  in  defiance  to  tin'  Constitution.    We  denounce  a  time  when  neighboring  States  have  been  reducing 

as   unpatriotic,    and   as    tending    to   revolution    and  their   indebtedness.   Indian;!   presents  the   spectacle 

anarchy,  denunciation  of  able  and  uprighl  judges  df  ;i  rapidly  increasing  public  debt  amounting  now 

of  any  political  party,   by  party  newspapers  and  to   more   than   eight    millions   of   dollars.    It    is  a 

political  platforms,  for  the  sole  reason  that  in  the  nmst    flagrant    instance   of    that    extravagant    ami 

conscientious    discharge    of    high    judicial    duties  utterly  indefensible  Democratic  policy  of  making 

such  judges  have  renaerea  uecisions  against  sup-  large  expenditures,  entailing  heavy  interest  charges 

posed  partisan  interests.    We  believe  our  State  and  upon  the  people,  while  attempting  to  delude  them 

federal  judges  to   be  able  and   conscientious,   ami  with  the  falsi'  pretenses  of  reducing  their  burdens. 

recognize  in  the  malignant  censure  bestowed  upon  Extravagant  appropriations  for  the  expenses  of  the 

them  another  Democratic  attempt  to  bring  the  law  legislature,   to  pay   its  numerous  officers  and  at- 

iuto   disrepute,   and    teach   the   lesson   of   disobodi-  tondants.  and  for  the  benefit  of  parasites  demand- 

etice   by    villifying   the   judges   charged    with    the  jng  compensations   for   their  party   services,   have 

grave    duty    of    deciding    all    controversies    anion-  helped   to  swell   the  current   expenses  of   the  State 

our  citizens.  until  they  exc 1   the  revenue  provided   for   their 

The  constitutional  amendment  adopted  by  a  payment  by  nearly  half  a  million  of  dollars  annual- 
large  majority  in  .Match.  L881,  authorizing  the  [y.  The  condition  that  confronts  its  is  one  that  has 
legislature  to  enact  laws  grading  the  compensa-  become  sadly  familiar  where  there  has  been  a 
lion  of  officers  according  to  population  and  service  period  of  government  by  the  Democratic  party. 
required,  expressed  cue  demand  of  the  people  for  \v,.  have  no  surplus  to  oppress  us.  but  a  robust 
such  laws,  in  party  platforms  and  public  utter-  and  growing  deficiency.  We  would  meet  it  first  by 
auees  the  Democratic  party  has  often  declared  in  such  rigid  economy  in  appropriations  as  will  limit 
lavor  of  such  legislation,  bul  having  often  a  ma-  them  to  the  actual  necessities:  second,  by  inereas- 
jority  in  both  branches  of  the  legislature,  il  has  jng  the  revenue  by  laws  designed  to  compel  per- 
suffered  this  amendment  to  remain  a  dead  letter  sonal  as  well  as  real  property  to  bear  its  full  share 
for  nine  years.  We  favor  legislation  under  this  ,,f  the  public  burdens,  and  also  by  requiring  cor- 
aineiidiiieiit  by  which  officers  will  be  paid  lixed  poratioiis.  obtaining  valuable  franchises  belonging 
salaries,  having  regard  to  population  and  the  char-  ,,,  the  people,  and  granted  by  the  State,  to  pay  to 
acler  of  services  rendered,  ami  the  prices  paid  for  the  State  a  substantial  license  fee  therefor,  to  be 
similar  work  in  other  occupations,  and  all  fees  fixed  according  to  the  character  and  value  Of  the 
collected  be  paid  int.,  the  proper  treasury  for  the  franchise  granted.  Ami  only  as  a  last  resort  do 
public  benefit.  Such  legislation  should  take  effect  we  favor  any  additional  taxation,  either  by  increas- 
at    the   close   of   official    terms    for    which    elections  jng   the   rate,   or   under   the   guise   of   a    higher   ap- 

liave  i n  made  ai  the  lime  of  its  enactment,  ami  praisement. 

-1 Id  be  followed  by  a  constitutional  amendment  We   condemn   the  gerrymandering  of  election 

making    the    terms    of    county    and    Slate    officers.  districts  to  secure  partisan  advantages,   as   in   vio- 

except   the  judiciary,  four  years,  and   rendering  in-  lation  of  the  spirit  of  our  State  Constitution,   and 

ciimbenis  ineligible  for  re-election  in  any  period  of  ;|S  an  assault   upon  political  equality  and  popular 

'''-'''  years.  government,    having   the   same   object    as   similar 

We  congratulate  the  | pie  of  the  State  upon  disfranchisement  accomplished  by  forged  returns, 

ts   mamiiliceiil    free  school  system.     Il   has  always  tissue  ballots,  and  the  shotgun,  and  as  being  equal- 

1 "    fostered    and   cherished    by    the   Republican  h     infamous.    uy    this    iniquity,    two    successive 


OP    THE    STATE    DK    INDIANA. 


legislatures  have  directly  opposed  the  will  of  our 
people,  and  to  thai  extent  government  by  the 
people  lias  Itch  overthrown,  one  of  them,  by 
methods  revolutionary  and  violent,  elected  a  inern 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate,  who  assumes  to 
represent  a  constituency  thai  voted  against  his 
principles  at  which  this  legislature  was  chosen. 
Aiding  him  in  misrepresenting  our  people  are  ten 
members  of  the  National  House  of  Representa- 
tives, elected  at  an  election  at  which  the  party 
that  carried  the  Scate  chose  bu1  three.  Above  all 
other  questions  in  which  any  class  of  our  people 
an-  interested,  stands  the  question  of  our  power 
in  make  public  opinion  public  law,  but  the  party 
responsible  for  the  existing  outrage  upon  popular 
rights  ihics  nut  even  promise  in  its  platform  that  it 
will  either  mitigate  or  correct  it.  We  stand 
pledged  to  a  just  and  equitable  apportionment  of 
the  State  for  legislative  and  Congressional  purpo 
ses.  under  which  any  patty  having  a  majority  ol 
votes  can  elect  a  majority  of  Representatives,  and 
we  invite  all  who  believe  in  government  by  the 
majority,  who  concede  to  their  neighbors  the  po- 
litical rights  claimed  by  themselves,  to  aid  us  in 
accomplishing  this  reform,  upon  which  all  other 
reforms  depend. 

It  was  a  year  when  the  politicians  were 
tumbling  over  each  other  In  cater  to  the 

new  fanners'  organization,  and  each 
party  was  careful  to  head  its  ticket  with 
a  fanner. 

The  convention  nominated  the  follow- 
ing State  ticket: 

Secretary  of  State — Milton  Trusler,  Fayette. 

Auditor  of  State— I.  N.  Walker,  Marion. 

Treasurer  of  State  -Geo.  W   Pixley,  Allen. 

Judge  of  Supreme  Court -Robert  W.  McBride, 
DeKalb 

Attorney  General— John  W.  Lovett.  Madison. 

Clerk  of  Supreme  Court— Wm.  T.  Noble.  Wayne. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction- James  H. 
Henry.  Wayne. 

State  Statistician — John  Worrell,  Hendricks. 

State  Geologist-  John  M.  Coulter,  Montgomery. 

The  following  nominees  for  Congress 
were  named  by  the  district  conventions: 

First  District,  .lames  S.  Wright;  Second  Dis- 
trict. Win.  N.  Darnell;  Third  District.  Win.  .1. 
Dunham;  Fourth  District,  John  T.  Rankin;  Fifth 
District.  John  <;.  Dunbar;  Sixth  District.  Henry 
V.  Johnson;  Seventh  District.  .1.  .1.  W.  Billingsly, 
Eighth  District,  .lames  A.  Mount:  Ninth  District. 
Daniel  Waugh;  Tenth  District.  Wm.  D.  Owen; 
Eleventh  District.  Cyrus  E.  Bryant;  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict..!. N.  Babcock;  Thirteenth  District.  Henry  D. 
Wilson. 


The  Republicans  wen-  compelled  to 
make  a  defensive  campaign  from  the  start, 
and  it  was  impossible  to  anmse  in  the 
party  anything  of  the  vigor  that  it  had 
shown  two  years  before.  A  great  effort 
was  made  to  capture  the  Kan  iters'  Alliance 
organization,  and  many  Republican  farm- 
ers joined  it  upon  advice  of  the  political 
organization.  Their  new  allegiance,  how- 
ever, proved  the  stronger  of  the  two.  and 
most  of  them  temporarily  deserted  the 
party.  These  with  the  other  causes  enu- 
merated contributed  to  one  of  the  most 
thorough  defeats  the  party  has  ever  had  in 
Indiana.  The  State  ticket  was  lost  by 
over  18,000  votes,  and  with  it  went  the 
legislature  and  everything  else.  The  Re- 
publicans succeeded  in  saving  but  two 
Congressional  districts  out  of  the  wreck, 
electing  Mr.  Johnson  in  the  Sixth  and  Mr. 
Waugh  in  the  Ninth. 

CAMPAIGN  OF    1892. 

Notwithstanding  the  defeat  of  1890  the 
Republicans  looked  forward  to  the  cam- 
paign of  1892  with  considerable  confidence. 
The  McKinley  tariff  had  had  time  to  vin- 
dicate itself,  and  the  country  was  more 
prosperous  than  it  had  ever  before  been  in 
its  history.  The  party  leaders  had  faith 
in  the  conservative  common  sense  of  the 
people  and  believed  they  would  continue  a 
regime  that  had  brought  them  prosperity 
and  tranquility.  Shortly  after  the  close 
of  the  campaign  of  1890,  .Mr.  Michener 
resigned  the  chairmanship  of  the  State 
committee,  and  in  January  of  1891  the 
con  m  t  it  tee  met  and  elected  John  1\.  ( rowdy, 
of  Rushville,  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term. 
Chairman  Gowdy  and  Secretary  Milliken 
immediately  began  the  work  of  reorgan- 
izing the  party,  and  the  chairman  devoted 
nearly  all  of  the  year  of  1891  to  holding 
meetings  in  almost  every  county  of  the 
State,  consulting  with  the  local  leaders. 
healing  factional  troubles  .and  putting  the 
party   organization    in    trim.      When   the 


74 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


regular  organization  meetings  wen-  held 
in  January.  1M'2.  there  were  many  rumors 
of  an  "anti-Harrison"  taction,  supposed 
to  be  composed  of  the  younger  and  less 
reconcilable  element  of  the  Gresham  fol- 
lowing. The  opposition  t<>  Harrison,  how- 
ever, was  not  formidable,  and  tlie  organ- 
ization meetings  elected  a  solid  Harrison 
delegation  to  the  National  convention,  and 
the  members  of  the  State  committee  elected 
were  all  Harrison  adherents. 

The  following  delegates  were  elected  to 
the  National  convention: 

At  Large,  R.  W.  Thompson,  Vigo;  Stanton  J. 
lVcllc.  Marion;  N.  T.  DePauw,  Floyd;  C.  F.  Grif- 
fin, Lake.  Alternates  :it  Large,  W.  11.  Elliott, 
Henry;  Calvin  Cowgill,  Wabash;  George  L.  Knox. 
Marion;  .1.  II.  McNeely,  Vanderburgh.  District 
Delegates,  First  District,  George  P.  Heilman,  Van- 
derburgh, and  Frederick  P.  Leonard,  Posey;  Second 
District.  Howard  R.  Lowder,  Greene,  and  Edward 
F.  Meredith.  Daviess;  Third  District,  Gen.  Jasper 
Packard,  Floyd,  and  James  Graham,  Jefferson-, 
Fourth  District,  Claude  Camburn,  Rush,  and 
George  Roberts,  Dearborn;  Fifth  District,  Maj.  .1. 
li.  Homan,  Hendricks,  and  X.  W.  Hill,  Monroe, 
Sixth  District,  Isaiah  P.  Watts.  Randolph,  and 
Charles  W.  Stivers.  Union;  Seventh  District, 
Roger  It.  Shiel.  Marion,  and  Win.  T.  inn-bin. 
Madison;  Eighth  District.  W.  R.  McKeen,  Vigo, 
and  Gen.  Lew  Wallace.  Montgomery;  Ninth  Dis- 
trict, .lames  M.  Reynolds,  Tippecanoe,  and  a.  C. 
Daily.  Boone;  Tenth  District.  A.  R.  Shroyer, 
Cass.  M.  F.  Chilcote,  Jasper;  Eleventh  District, 
Hiram  Brownlee,  Grant,  and  Captain  Silas  A. 
Pulse,  Huntington;  Twelfth  District.  R.  P.  I'.arr. 
Noble,  and  W.  L.  Penfield,  DeKalb;  Thirteenth 
District.  L.  W.  Royse,  Kosciusko,  and  Charles  W. 
.Miller.  Elkhart.  Alternate  Delegates,  First  Dis- 
trict. Dr.  Adams,  Pike,  and  Clarence  I'.  Laird, 
Spencer;  Second  District.  Dr.  W.  II.  McMahan, 
Dubois,  and  II.  <,>.  Houghton,  Martin;  Third  Dis- 
trict. .1.  w.  Martin,  Scott,  and  Caldwallader  .tones. 
Clark:  Fourth  District.  W.  D.  Daily.  Ripley,  and 
E.  S.  Powell,  Shelby:  Fifth  District.  Henry  S. 
Rominger,  Vigo,  and  Senator  Silas  A.  Hays, 
Putnam;  Sixth  District,  Francis  T.  Hoots,  Fay- 
ette, and  1..  I'.  Mitchell.  Henry:  Seventh  Dis- 
trict, Thomas  .1.  Cook.  Marion,  and  Dr.  Warren 
R.  King,  Hancock:  Eighth  District,  Win.  Leavitt, 
Clay,  and  I.  II.  Talley,  Sullivan:  Ninth  District. 
George  E.  Nollen,  Benton,  and  P..  .1.  Mendenall, 
Clinton;  Tenth  District,  Judge  Win.  Spangler,  Pu- 
laski, and  W.  C.  I.eatherni.-in.  Porter;  Eleventh 
District.  Hiram  Grove,  Wells.  Byron  I,.  Myers. 
Miami;    Twelfth    District,    Judge    A.    A.    Chapin, 


Allen,  and  Steven  A.   Fuller.   Steuben;  Thirteenth 
District.  Harry  B.  Tuthill.  LaPorte,  and  George  A. 

Scott.   Marshall. 

The  following  members  of   the  State 

committee  Were  elected: 

First  District,  .1.  A.  Hemenway,  Boonville;  Sec- 
ond District.  .1.  c.  Bilheimer,  Washington;  'third 
District.  S.  K.  Carter.  Seymour;  Fourth  District. 
A.  I-:.  Nowlin,  Lawrenceburg;  Firth  District,  Jesse 
oversireet.  Franklin;  Sixth  District.  Geo.  W. 
Cromer,  Muncie;  Seventh  District,  c.  S.  Wiltse, 
Indianapolis;  Eighth  District.  X.  Filbeck,  Terre 
Haute:  Ninth  District.  C.  C.  Shirley.  Kokomo; 
Tenth  District.  Charley  Harley.  Delphi:  Eleventh 
District,  George  Osborne,  Marion:  Twelfth  District. 
D.  X.  Foster.  Ft.  Wayne:  Thirteenth  District.  A. 
L.  Brick.  South  Bend.  Mr.  Gowdy  was  re-elected 
Chairman  of  the  committee  with  Mr.  Millikan  as. 
Secretary:  C.  C.  Shirley  Vice-Chairman  and  Horace 
McKay.  Treasurer.  Mr.  Gowdy  appointed  the  fol- 
lowing executive  committee:  R.  B.  F.  Pierce,  In- 
dianapolis; -1.  B.  Homan.  Danville:  W.  T.  Durbin, 
Anderson:  Moses  <;.  McClain,  Indianapolis:  W.  W. 
Milford.  Indianapolis;  George  Knox,  Indianapolis; 
George  M.  Young,  Vincennes;  A.  P.  Hendrickson, 
Indianapolis:  F.  H.  Tripp.  North  Vernon;  A.  A. 
Winslow.  Hammond. 

When  the  National  convention  came  at 
Minneapolis  in  June  the  '•  anti-Harrison " 
sentiment  developed  in  a  special  train  run 
from  Ft.  Wayne  to  Minneapolis,  contain- 
ing a  few  Republicans  from  Ft.  Wayne 
and  a  few  from  Indianapolis.  They  did 
not  make  any  impression  upon  the  gath- 
ering, however,  and  it  was  evident  from 
the  make-up  of  the  crowd  that  what  had 
been  known  as  the  Gresham  element  did 
not  countenance  this  movement.  Indeed. 
Mr.  Fairbanks,  who  had  been  the  recog- 
nized leader  of  Gresham's  friends  in  1888, 
went  to  Minneapolis  as  an  effective  worker 
in  behalf  of  Harrison.  After  a  hard  strug- 
gle the  Harrison  forces  at  Minneapolis, 
under  the  skillful  leadership  of  John  0. 
New.  were  again  victorious,  and  the  Presi- 
dent was  renominated. 

A  month  later  the  State  convention  met 
at  Ft.  Wayne,  with  Mr.  Fairbanks  as  its 
chairman,  and  adopted  the  following  plat- 
form: 

1st.  The  Republicans  of  Indiana  heartily  ap- 
prove the  declarations  of  principles  adopted  by  the 
Republican  National  convention  at   Minneapolis. 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.                                                                     7;, 

As   citizens   of    Indiana,    we   congratulate   the  5th.     We  condemn  the  action  of  the  last  Deino- 

l>eople   of   the   State    upon    the   renomination    for  cratic   legislature   in   largely    increasing    the    fees 

President  of  the  United  States  of  our  fellow-citizen,  and  salaries  of  both  Stair  and  county  officers.    It 

Benjamin  Harrison.  made   many  public  offices  sinecures   by  providin" 

The   administration   of   the    National   Govern-  for  the  performance  of  official  duties  by  deputies 

incut   under  his  leadership   lias   been   marked   by  paid  out  of  the  public  treasury, 

such    wisilntii    and    patriotism    as    to    Impress    the  (5th.    The  laws  passed   liy  the  last    Democratic 

whole  country  and  give  abundant  assurance  thai  Assembly   apportioning   the   state   for   legislative 

its  continuance  will  add  lustre  to  the  American  and   congressional  purposes   were  designedly  and 

name  and  increase  the  comforl   of  the  American  wickedly  framed  so  as  to  deny  to  many  counties 

heme.  and  localities  fair  and  equal  representation  in  the 

Wo  commend  the  candidates  of  the  Republican  legislative  departments  of  the  state  and  Nation-  to 

party  as  eminently   worthy  of  the  suffrages  Of  an  place  and   retain   under   Democratic  control   in   this 

intelligent  and  patriotic  people.  State  all  its  public  institutions  and  affairs'  and  to 

2nd.    The  Democratic  party  has  often  demon  give  that   party  an  increased  and  unfair  represen- 

strated  its  incapacity  for  governmenl  in  both  Na-  tation  in  Congress  and  the  legislature, 

tional    and    State    affairs.    In    Indiana,    believing  Such  a  policy  is  dangerous  and  destructive  id' 

itself   Intrenched    behind   a   gerrymander   id'   sur-       till   g I  government,   ami   merits   tin.  condemna- 

passing  iniquity,  it  has  shown  a  reckless  disregard  lion  of  all  patriotic  people.    And  we  now  pledge  the 

of  the  people's  interesl  and  welfare,  imposing  in-  Republican  party  to  , -0111111110  the  warfare  against 

tolerable    burdens    without    benefits.     We,    there-       this  dishonest  policy  of  the  De tratic  party  until 

tore,  c li  in  11  the  Democratic  management  of  our       the  State  shall  be  Uonestly  apporti 1  by  giving 

State  affairs  as  incompetent,  wasteful,  and  in  tin  to  each  county  and  locality  its  fair  and  equitable 

interest  of  office  holders  and  party  managers,  and  representation    in   the   legislative  departments   of 

direct  attention  especially  to  the  subjects  hereafter  the  State  and  Nation  and  to  each  parly  representa- 

mentioned.  Hon  in  proportion  to  its  numbers. 

3rd.  Debt  and  Democracy  are  synonymous  7th.  We  denounce  the  purpose  id'  the  Demo- 
with  the  taxpayers  of  Indiana.  Unparalleled  ex-  cratic  party,  clearly  avowed  in  its  National  plat- 
travagance  in  public  expenditures  has  marked  the  form,  to  repeal  tne  law  imposing  a  in  per  cent,  tax 
course  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Indiana  during  mi  state  bank  issues  and  thus  remove  the  only  bar- 
tlie  past  decade,  until  the  State  is  now  burdened  rier  to  a  return  to  the  system  of  "wild  cat"  money 
with  a  debt  of  $9,000,000.  The  current  expenses  which  once  disgraced  our  Stale  and  largely  hu- 
nt'  the   State  governmenl    have   been   rapidly    in-  poverished  our  people. 

creased  by  reckless  mismanagement    The  burdens  8th.    The   Democratic  party  deserves  the  em- 

thus  imposed   have  become  too  oppressive  to  be  phatic  condemnation  of  every  citizen  of  the  State 

endured.     Our  progress  as  a  people  has  been  great  for  its  refusal  to  place  our  benevolent   institutions 

ly  impelled,  and  the  credit   of  the  Slate  will  soon  upon  a   nun-part  isan  basis,   when   murder,  cruelty, 

become  seriously  impaired  unless  radical  changes  debauchery,    fraud    and    incompetency    mark    thai 

in  the  conduct  of  our  public  business  are  speedily  party's  management  of  many  of  those  institutions; 

introduced.    Relief  lies   with   the  people,   and   we  and  for  still  persisting  in  retaining  partisan  control 

invite  the  voters  of  all  political  opinions  to  unite  in  ,,f   these  asylums  of   the   helpless  and   unfortunate 

turning   out   of   power   the   parly    thai    has   always  that    they   may    be   made   the   coin    in    payment    for 

been    false   to   its   pledges   of   economy    and    reform.  party   purposes. 

4th.    We  arraign  the  Democratic  party  of  tndi-  We  therefore  demand  an  absolutely  uon-parti- 

ana  for  enacting  an  unequal  and  unjust  tax  law.  san  management  id'  the  benevolent  penal  and  re- 
It    imposes    upon    the    fanner.    Ihe    laborer   and    the  forma  tory  institutions  Of  the  Slate  through  boards 

householder  an  excessive  and  unjust  share  of  the  whose  members  shall  be  appointed  by  'lie  Governor 

public  burden.    It  creates  a  great   number  of  un-  from  the  different  political  parties  of  the  stale,  to 

necessary   offices   hitherto    unknown    to    the   law.  the  end  that  they  may  be  relieved  from  their  pres- 

To    the   burden    of    taxation    already    too    heavy    it  cut  profligate  management. 

adds  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  for  p.     We  favor  amending  the  law  concerning  Ihe 

Ihe  fees,  salaries  and  expenses  of  these  offices  and  construction   and    maintenance  of   public    highways 

officers.  so  as  to  utilize  to  the  best   advantage  the  large 

We    demand    its    radical    revision.     We    pledge  sums   yearly   expended    Ihereon.    and    thus    put    the 

ourselves  to  enact  such  amendments  to  the  present  tanner  in  close  and  easy  communication  with  the 

tax   law   as   shall   relieve   the    farm    and    the    home  market  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

from    the    unjust    taxation    now    borne    by    them,  Hull.    We  favor  the  enact 111  by  Con  stress  of 

which  shall  place  a  just  share  of  the  public  burden  a  law  thrice  recommended  by  President  Harrison 
on  capital  and  corporate  properly,  and  provide  a  compelling  I  he  use  of  Standard  safely  car  couplers 
more  simple  and  less  expensive  method  of  assess-  tor  the  protection  of  Un-  lives  and  limbs  of  em- 
inent ployes   engaged    in   the   iulet'-state  commerce. 


(6                                                   HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

The  i Ple  in  ""■  employ  of  railroad  companies  candidate  for  the  Domination.     Though  a 

in  this  Suite  form  ;i  large  percentage  of  its  popu-  ,          c    ,      15        ...          ,       , 

,    .    .  .    '  number  of  the  Republican  leaders  went  to 

lation  :iticl  are  justly  entitled  to  such  legislation  l 

as  will  place  them  on  an  equality  with  such  cor-  the   convention    in    the  hope   of  defeating 

poration  before  the  law,  and  we  are  opposed  to  Chase,  they  found  it  impossible  to  concen- 

railroads  maintaining  insurance  companies  by  co-  trate  Up0n   any  other  candidate,  and  Mr. 

ercing  their  employes  to  become  members  of  them.  ,,,                                   ,    ,         ., 

,..7          ,       '     .  ,  ,        ,     ,,  ,     ,-,,.■  O base  was  nominated  easilv. 

The  employers  oi    labor  should  be  liable  for 

damages  for  injury  to  persons  or  destruction  of  life  The  following  State   ticket    was  put  in 

where   the   employer   is   mere   at    fault    than    the  the  Held: 

.  ,  ,  ,       .  Governor — Ira  J.  Chase.  Hendricks. 

We  also  favor  a  law  governing  convict  labor  in  .                     ■ 

,".._.          ,    ,      .,,          ,  Lieutenant  -  Governor  —  Theodore     Shockney, 

tin-  penal    nstitutions  <>t  the  State  that  will  work  IT    . 

Union. 


Secretary  of  State — Aaron  Jones.  St   Joseph. 
Auditor  of  State — John  W.  Coons.  Marion. 
Treasurer  of  State — Frederick  J.   Scholz,  Va 


darburg. 


the  least  possible  injury  to  free  labor. 

We  are  ill  sympathy   with  all  well  directed   ef- 
forts of  laboring  men  to  improve  their  condition  by 

united   action,    or   otherwise,    anil    pledge   ourselves 

t„  give  then,  such  aid  by  legislation  as  will  tend  Attorney-General-Joseph  D.  Ferrall,  Lagrange. 

to  advance  the  interest  of  wage  workers.  Reporter  of  Supreme  Court-Geo.  P.  Havw 1, 

llth.    We  most  heartily  indorse  the  generous  Tippecanoe. 

pension  law  enacted  by  Republicans  in  Congress.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction— James  H. 

and  congratulate  the  country  that  during  the  ad-  Henry.  Wayne. 

ministration  of  President  Harrison  no  pension  bill  Statistician— Simeon  J.  Thompson,  Shelby, 
has  been  vetoed. 

We  demand  that  suitable  and  proper  provisions  The  following  were  placed    in   nomin- 

be  made  for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  indigent  ation  for  Congress  by  the  different  conven- 

soldiers  and   their   wives   and    widows,    to   the   end  fcionS' 
thai   no  soldier  or  wife  or  widow  of  a  soldier,  shall 

ever  lie  an  inmate  of  a  i r  house  in  the  State  ol  Fil'st    District,    Arthur   P.   Twangham;   second 

Indiana;  and  that  such  provision  be  made  that  the  District,  B,  M.  Willoughby;  Third   District,   Wm. 

soldier,  when  overtaken  by  poverty  and  adversity,  W.    Borden;    Fourth    District,    Samuel    M.   Jones; 

shall  not  in  Ids  declining  years  be  separated  from  Fifth  District.  John  Worrell:  Sixth  District,  Henry 

the  wife  of  his  youth.  '  •   Johnson;   Seventh    District.   Charles    L.    Henry; 

We,  therefore,  advocate  the  establishment  by  Eighth   District.  H.  W.  S.  Carpenter;  Ninth  Dis- 

ihe  Slate,  in  connection   with  the  Indiana  depart-  trict,    Daniel   Waugh;  Tenth    District.   Wm.   John- 

ment  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  a  suit-  ston;  Eleventh   District.   Wm.   F.  Daley;  Twelfth 

able  Slate  Soldiers'  Home  for  the  care  and   main-  District,  A.  J.  Yon:  Thirteenth  District,  James  S. 

tenance   of   indigent    soldiers   and   their   wives   and  Dodge. 

widows  upon  a  plan  recommended  by  the  Grand  Th(.    ,jill(.()ln    League    throughout    this 

Army  of  the  Republic.  .        ,      ,    ,       .  ,,       ,                    . 

12th.   The  people  of  Indiana  cherish  the  mem-  campaign  had  the  following  organization: 

ory  of  Alvin  1'.  Hovey.  He  was  a  native  of  the  Wm.  L.  Taylor.  President;  W.  It.  .McClelland, 
stale,  and  with  only  such  opportunities  as  were  Treasurer,  and  R.  &  Mansfield,  Secretary.  First 
open  to  all  rose  to  high  positions  in  the  State  and  District.  C.  B.  Laird.  Hoekport:  Second  District. 
.Nation,  and  distinguished  i.uuself  as  jurist,  sol-  Chas.  G.  Sefrit.  Washington;  Third  District.  V.  H. 
dier  and  statesman.  The  Republicans  of  Indiana  Monroe,  Seymour:  Fourth  District,  ('has.  F.  Jones, 
lament  his  death  as  the  loss  of  a  trusted  leader.  Brookville;  Fifth  District.  W.  C.  Banta,  Martius- 
nnd  of  a  statesman  who  crowned  a  long  and  useful  ville;  Sixth  District.  Francis  T.  Roots.  Conners- 
career  by  a  couragous  and  manly  defense  of  the  ville:  Seventh  District.  W.  S.  Montgomery,  Green- 
Constitution  he  helped  to  frame  and  of  I ne  just  „eld;  Eighth  District,  A.  M.  Hadley.  Kockville; 
power  of  the  State's  chief  executive,  Ninth  District,  W.  C.  Purduiii,  Kokomo;  Tenth 
13th.  We  lender  to  that  eminent  Republican  District,  John  Spangler,  Winamac;  Eleventh  Dis- 
leader,  the  Hon.  James.  G.  Blaine,  and  the  members  trict.  A.  L.  Sharpe,  Bluffton;  Twelfth  District.  D. 
of  his  family,  our  sincere  sympathy,  and  with  H.  Best.  Angola;  Thirteenth  District.  L.  It. 
them  mourn  the  loss  id'  those  who  so  recently  Stookey,  Warsaw. 
formed  a  part  of  their  family  circle. 

The  chief  characteristic  <  if  the  campaign 

Governor  Hovey  had  died  in  office  and  seemed  to  be  the  apathy  that  existed  among 

his    unexpired    term    had    been    filled    by  the    voters.       Though    Chairman    Gowdy 

Lieutenant-Governor   Chase   who    was   a  and    his   forces   at    headquarters    worked 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


almost  night  and  day.  it  was  difficult  to 
arouse  enthusiasm,  difficult  to  put  together 
strong  local  organizations  and  difficult  to 
get  out  a  large  attendance  at  the  meet- 
ings. \Yhile  there  was  nothing  in  the 
way  of  factional  troubles,  there  was  a 
general  indifference  that  was  much  more 
ominous.  The  election  proved  a  Demo- 
cratic landslide  all  over  the  country,  and 
though  the  State  of  Indiana  was  more 
steadfast  than  the  others,  it,  too,  went 
down  in  the  wreck,  the  Democrats  carry- 
ing the  State  by  something  over  7,000. 
Again  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Congressional 
Districts  were  the  only  ones  carried  by 
the  Republicans. 

CAMPAIGN  OF   1894. 

The  first  few  months  of  the  Cleveland 
administration  elected  in  1892  showed  a 
very  remarkable  revulsion  of  political  feel- 
ing throughout  the  country.  The  panic 
of  1893  was  fatal  to  the  Democratic  party, 
and  such  municipal  elections  as  occurred 
in  the  autumn  of  that  year  showed  that 
Indiana  was  taking  the  same  rapid  drift 
toward  Republicanism  that  Ohio  and  some 
other  States  showed  by  their  State  elec- 
tions. Thus  the  Indiana  Republicans  be- 
gan their  work  of  organization  in  ls'.»4 
with  a  great  deal  of  confidence.  In  the 
legislature  of  1893  the  Republican  minor- 
ity had  cast  their  complimentary  vote  for 
Charles  W.  Fairbanks  for  Senator  and  un- 
der Mr.  Fairbanks's  advice  and  guidance 
the  Democratic  gerrymander  of  the  State 
had  been  attacked  in  the  Courts.  Mr. 
Fairbanks  had  thus  gradually  taken  up 
the  leadership  of  the  party  organization, 
and  when  the  Committee  was  re-or- 
ganized in  1894,  it  was  composed  very 
largely  of  his  personal  friends. 

The  following  members  were  elected  in 
the  districts: 

First  District,  W.  C.  Mason,  Rockport;  Second 
District,  T.  J.  Brooks,  Bedford;  Third  District,  B. 
11.  Tripp,  North  Vernon;  Fourth  District,  A.  E. 
Nowlin,    Lawrenceburg;    Fifth    District,    W.    W. 


Lambert.  Columbus;  Sixth  District,  Geo.  W. 
Cromer,  Muncie;  Seventh  District,  .1.  W.  Fesler, 
Indianapolis;  Eighth  District,  X.  Filbeck,  Terre 
Haute;  Ninth  District,  ('.  C.  Shirley,  Kokomo; 
Tenth  District,  Charley  Harley,  Delphi;  Eleventh 
District,  Geo.  A.  Osborn,  Marion;  Twelfth  District, 
S.  A.  Wood,  Angola;  Thirteenth  District,  K.  B. 
Oglesbee,   Plymouth. 

Mr.  (iowdy  was  re-elected  chairman 
over  some  slight  opposition,  arising  in 
Marion  county:  Charley  Harley  was  made 
vice-chairman:  Kussel  M.  Seeds,  secretary 
and  James  R.  Henry,  treasurer.  It  was 
recognized  that  the  executive  committee 
of  1892  had  been  too  large  for  effective 
work  and  this  year  it  was  replaced  by  an 
advisory  committee  of  one  from  each  dis- 
trict and  a  smaller  executive  committee  of 
five  men.  These  committees  were  ap- 
pointed by  the  chairman  as  follows: 

Executive  Committee  —  W .  T.  Durbin,  Ander- 
son; F.  M.  Millikan,  indi  inapolis ;  J.  B.  Homan. 
Danville;  L.  P.  Xewby,  Knightstown;  A.  W.  Wish 
ard,  Indianapolis. 

Advisory  Committee— M.  G  McLain.  Indianap 
olis;  Robert  Mitchell,  Princeton;  E.  F.  Meredith 
Washington;  Geo.  W.  Self,  Corydon;  II.  R.  Len 
nard,  Metamora;  .1.  G.  McPneeters,  Bloomington; 
A.  ('.  Lindemuth;  Richmond;  W.  I.  Overstreet, 
Terre  Haute;  W.  II.  Hart,  Frankfort;  Cloyd 
Loughery,  Monticello;  Warren  <:.  Sayre,  Wabash; 
C.  R.  Higgins,  Fort  Wayne;  O.  Z.  Hubbell,  Elk- 
hart. 

The  Lincoln  League  was  organized  with 
the  following  officers: 

President,  Marcus  R.  Sulzer;  Secretary,  R.  E. 
Mansfield;  Treasurer,  L.  W.  Cooper;  District  Man 
agers:  Firs!  District,  R.  A.  Wood.  Princeton;  Sec- 
ond District,  11.  Q.  Houghton,  Shoals;  Third  Dis- 
trict, Perry  E.  Bear,  Madison;  Fourth  District, 
John  .1.  Wingate,  Shelbyville;  Fifth  District,  II.  C. 
Lewis.  Greencastle;  Sixth  District.  Union  B.  limit. 
Winchester:  Seventh  Dstrict,  Warwick  II.  Ripley. 
Indianapolis;  Eighth  District,  A.  M.  Hadley,  Rock 

ville:  Ninth  District.  ThOS.  W.  Knit.  Lafayette: 
Tenth  District,  Charley  Harley.  Delphi;  Eleventh 
District.  .1.  R.  Hadley,  Gas  City;  Twelfth  District. 
L.  W.  Welker.  Albion;  Thirteenth  District,  ('has. 
W.  -Miller.  Goshen.  Executive  Committee:  War- 
wick II.  Ripley.  Indianapolis;  Judson  .1.  Higgins, 
Indianapolis;  W.  R.  McClellan,  Danville;  A.  I'. 
Funkhouser.  Evansville:  Evans  II.  Prosser.  New 
Albany;  R.  II.  Richards.  Spencer;  Harvey  G.  Mor- 
ris, Salem;  W.  .1.  Baird,  Vevay;  John  Morris,  Jr.. 
Fort  Wayne:  John  F.  Wildinan,  Muncie;  W.  W. 
Pfrimmer,  Kentland;  <».  p.  Ensley,  Auburn. 


HISTOKY    UK    THK    RKJ'l'BUCAX    I'AKTY 


The  State  convention  was  held  at  Ind- 
ianapolis  on  April  25th.  The  indications 
ol  a  heavy  drift  toward  Republicanism  had 
brought  out  a  tremendous  crop  of  candi- 
dates for  every  office,  and  most  of  these 
men  made  speaking  tours  of  the  State  be- 
fore the  State  convention,  a  circumstance 
that  proved  of  great  value  in  yetting  the 
party  machinery  started  and  stirring  up 
party  enthusiasm. 

The  following  platform  was  adopted: 

We,  tin'  Republicans  of  Indiana,  in  delegate 
convention  assembled,  reaffirm  our  faith  in  the 
progressive  principles  of  the  Republican  party. 
We  believe  its  polities,  past  and  present,  best  cal- 
culated tu  promote  the  happiness  and  prosperity 
of  the  people. 

The  administration  of  President  Harrison  and 
the  congressional  legislation  of  that  period  were 
wise,  pure  and  patriotic,  and  we  point  to  the 
marked  contrast  between  the  home  and  foreign 
politics  nt  that  administration  and  the  present 
travesty  on  government  inflicted  upon  the  Amer- 
ican people. 

We  believe  in  the  Republican  doctrine  of  pro- 
tection and  reciprocity,  which  furnishes  a  home 
market  for  the  products  of  our  factories  and  our 
farms  and  protects  the  American  laborer  against 
the  competition  of  the  pauper  labor  of  Europe. 
We  ill  nounce  the  unwise  and  unpatriotic  action  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  attempting  to  eliminate 
the  reciprocity  principle  from  our  tariff  system, 
thereby  closing  a  large  foreign  market  to  the  prod- 
ucts of  American  farms  and  depressing  agricul- 
tural interests.  We  denounce  the  present  attempt 
of  a  Democratic  Congress  tp  overthrow  and  de- 
stroy the  American  industrial  system,  a  course 
that,  with  the  general  fear  of  a  violent  readjust- 
ment of  the  country's  business  to  a  free  trade 
hasis.  has  increased  the  National  debt,  has  plunged 
the  country  into  the  most  disastrous  business  de- 
pression of  its  history,  lias  closed  large  numbers 
of  banks  and  factories  throughout  the  country, 
has  thrown  an  unprecedented  number  of  Amer- 
ican citizens  out  of  employment,  has  compelled 
thousands  of  able-bodied  and  industrious  men  to 
humiliate  themselves  by  asking  for  charity  and 
has  tilled  our  broad  land  with  free  soup  houses 
anl   1 1   markets. 

We  believe  in  a  currency  composed  of  gold, 
silver  and  paper,  readily  convertible  at  a  fixed 
standard  of  value  ami  entirely  under  National  con 
trol;  and  we  favor  the  imposition  of  increased 
tariff  duties  upon  the  imports  from  all  foreign 
countries  which  oppose  the  coinage  of  silver  upon 


a  basis  to  be  determined  by  an  international  con- 
gress for  such  purpose.  We  denounce  the  avowed 
purpose  of  the  Democratic  party  to  restore  the  era 
of  "wild  eat"  money. 

We  believe  in  a  liberal  construction  of  our 
pension  laws,  and  we  condemn  the  unjust  policy 
of  the  present  administration  in  depriving  ex- 
soldiers  of  their  pensions  without  a  hearing,  a 
policy   intended    to   east   odium    upon   loyalty   and 

patriotism.       We    believe    it    to    be    the    duly    of    the 

State,  as  well  as  the  Nation,  to  make  suitable  pro- 
vision for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  all  indi- 
gent soldiers,  their  wives  and  widows;  we  there- 
fore favor  the  establishment  by  the  State  of  a 
suitable  soldiers'  home  for  the  reception  of  such 
soldiers,  their  wives  and  widows,  as  may  be  over- 
la  ken  by  adversity. 

We  demand  a  rigid  enforcement  of  all  existing 
immigration  laws  by  the  National  Government, 
and  demand  such  further  legislation  as  will  pro- 
tect our  people  and  institutions  against  the  influx 
of  the  criminal  and  vicious  classes. 

We  denounce  the  unpatriotic  action  of  the 
Cleveland  administration  in  hauling  down  the 
American  flag  at  Hawaii,  and  condemn  the  arro- 
gant assumption  of  power  displayed  in  the  effort 
to  restore  a  tyrannical  queen  over  a  free  people 
who  had  thrown  off  the  yoke  of  despotism. 

We  condemn  the  outrageous  bargain  and  sale 
of  Federal  patronage  by  the  Cleveland  adminis- 
tration in  its  unblushing  efforts  to  usurp  the  pre- 
rogatives of  the  legislative  branch  of  the  Govern- 
ment, to  enforce  favorite  measures  through  Con- 
gress and  compel  the  confirmation  of  Presidential 
appointments  by  the  Senate. 

We  condemn  the  reckless  and  extravagant  ad- 
ministration of  the  financial  affairs  of  this  State, 
whereby  the  people  are  subjected  to  unjust  and 
unnecessary  burdens  of  taxation,  by  an  increased 
assessment  of  property  and  an  increased  rate  of 
taxation  and  by  a  multiplication  of  offices  to  be 
supported   by    the   taxpayers  of  the   State. 

We  believe  that  tlie  benevolent,  educational 
and  correctional  institutions  of  the  State  should 
be  placed  under  nonpartisan  control. 

We  believe  in  such  legislation.  State  and  Na- 
tional, as  will  protect  the  lives  and  limbs  of  em- 
ployes of  railroads,  mines  and  factories. 

We  condemn  the  policy  steadily  pursued  by  the 
Democratic  legislatures  of  Indiana,  in  so  gerry- 
mandering the  State  as  to  deny  the  people  a  fair 
representation  of  their  views  in  the  State  legisla- 
ture and  National  Congress,  thus  imperilling  the 
foundations  of  our  institutions. 

After  many  weary  hours  of  ballotting, 
the  following  State  ticket  was  selected  over 
the  numerous  candidates  in  the  held: 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Secretary  of  State — W.  L).  Owen.  Cass. 

Auditor  of  State — A.  C.  Daily.  B le. 

Treasurer  of  State — F.  J.  Scholz.  Vanderburg. 

Attorney-General — W.  A.  Ketcham.  Marion. 

Clerk  of  Supreme  Court — Alexander  Hess.  Wa- 
bash. 

State  Statistician — S.  J.  Thompson,  Shelby. 

State  Geologist— \X .  S.  Blatchlev.  Vigo. 

Supreme  Court  Judges — L.  J.  Monks,  Randolph, 
and  J.  H.  Jordan.  Morgan. 

The  following  candidates  for  Congress 
were  nominated  in  the  districts: 

First  District,  James  A.  Hemenway;  Second 
District.  M.  A.  Hardy:  Third  District.  Robert  J. 
Tracewell;  Fourth  District,  James  E.  Watson, 
Fifth  District.  Jesse  ovcrstreet :  Sixth  District, 
Henry  U.  Johnson:  Seventh  District.  Charles  L. 
Henry:  Eighth  District  Geo.  W.  Faris;  Ninth  Dis- 
trict. .1.  Frank  Hanly:  Tenth  Hist  rid.  Dr.  J.  H. 
Hatch.  Eleventh  District.  Geo.  W.  Steele:  Twelfth 
District.  J.  D.  Leighty:  Thirteenth  District.  L. 
W.  Royse. 

Through  the  Congressional  contest  in 
the  Tenth  District  a  very  serious  situation 
arose  that  threatened  to  disrupt  the  party 
in  tlie  district.  Charles  B.  Landis,  of  Car- 
roll county,  and  William  Johnson,  of 
Porter,  were  opposing  candidates  and  so 
equally  divided  was  the  convention  that 
mutual  claims  of  fraud  caused  a  split  and 
the  adherents  of  each  of  the  candidates 
nominated  their  favorite.  There  was  no 
precedent  which  authorized  the  State  com- 
mittee to  take  up  and  adjudicate  the  trou- 
ble, but  after  innumerable  conferences  of 
their  friends,  both  candidates  were  induced 
to  withdraw,  a  new  convention  was  held, 
and  Dr.  Hatch  was  nominated. 

The  campaign  was  an  easy  one  to  con- 
duct. Where  one  volunteer  was  called  b  >r 
in  the  party,  there  were  a  dozen  ready  to 
respond  and  it  was  thus  a  comparatively 
easy  matter  to  put  together  the  following 
organization  outlined  in  a  circular  by  the 
State  committee: 

The  plan  of  organization  we  outline  for  you 
has  been  proven  by  long  experience  the  very  best 
under  all  conditions  ever  devised.  It'  your  county 
committee  is  composed  of  one  member  from  each 
precinct,  so  much  the  better.  Then  the  chairman 
should  have  a  committee  of  deputies  composed  of 
as  many  men  as  you  have  wants  and  townships, 
giving  each  one  general  supervision  of  one  ward 


or  township,  and  hold  him  responsible  for  results 
in  it.  In  ease  of  small  townships,  le-  might  bunch 
two  or  three  together  under  on,-  deputy.  If  the 
county  committee  is  composed  of  represi  ntatives 
of  wards  and  townships,  hold  each  one  responsible 
for  his  ward  or  township.  In  that  case  a  commit- 
tee of  deputies  will  not  be  necessary,  each  menibei 
of  the  county  committee  acting  in  that  capacity. 
Then  let  him  have  a  committeeman  in  each  of  his 
precincts  whom  he  will  hold  responsible  for  that 
precinct.  Let  the  precinct  man  in  turn  lie  the 
head  of  a  precinct  committee.  In  cities  and  towns 
this  precinct  committee  should  be  composed  of  as 
many  men  as  there  are  blocks  or  half  squares  in 
the  precinct.  Each  one  of  these  block  men  should 
keep  all  the  time  a  list  of  voters  in  his  block,  note 
all  changes,  know  tin1  politics  of  each  one.  He 
should  be  able  to  give  a  correct  poll  of  his  block 
at  any  time.  When  election  day  comes  he  must 
be  hold  responsible  thai  every  Republican  vote  in 
his  block  gets  in  at  the  earliest  moment.  On  that 
day  the  precinct  man  snould  keep  a  full  list  ot 
Republican  voters  of  his  precinct,  check  them  off 
as  they  come  in  and  keep  tie  block  men  moving 
after  them  all  the  time.  His  list  should  be  ar- 
ranged by  blocks.  The  ward  or  township  man 
should  keep  moving  from  one  precinct  to  tin- 
other,  aim  in  cities  should  colled  from  each  pro 
cinct  man  reports  ai  10,  2  and  -I  o'clock  on  the 
number  of  votes  still  out. 

In  the  country  the  "block  system"  cannot  be 
used,  but  the  "neighborhood  system"  can.  ami 
proves  fully  as  effective.  Let  the  precinct  man 
have  prepared  a  map  of  his  precinct  and  divide  it 
up  conveniently  so  that  no  man  will  have  more 
territory  in  his  neighborhood  than  he  can  easily 
cover,  using  mails,  rivers,  etc..  as  boundary  lines. 
Let  each  neighborhood  man  be  held  responsible 
for  all  voters  in  his  section,  covering  it  just  as  tin- 
block  man  covers  his  block,  the  precinct  and  town- 
ship men  performing  their  duties  as  outlined 
above. 

There  must  be  frequent  meetings  of  the  pre- 
cinct committees.  Let  them  take  their  little  mem- 
orandum books  and  discuss  each  doubtful  voter  in 
the  precinct,  tind  out  who  his  best  Republican 
friend  is.  send  him  after  him.  etc.  Then  the  pre 
cinct  chairman,  composing  the  township  or  ward 
committee,  should  hold  frequent  meetings  to  go 
over  these  points  developed  in  the  precinct  meei 
ings.  Offer  a  prize  for  the  precinct  man  showing 
the  biggest  gain. 

A  vigorous  speaking  campaign  wascon- 
ducted  and  the  meetings  were  more  largely 
attended  titan  they  bad  evTerbeen  in  an  off 
year.  There  was  no  surprise  when  tin- 
election  showed  a  Republican  victory,  but 
tin-  magnitude  of  it   staggered  tin-    most 


HISTOKY    OF   THE    KEPUBLICAN    PARTY 


sanguine  leaders.  The  State  was  carried 
by  tlic  Republicans  by  17,000  votes  and 
every  one  of  the  thirteen  Congressional 
districts  went  Republican  while  the  leg- 
islature was  heavily  Republican  in  both 
branches. 

CAMPAIGN   OF  1896. 

The  campaign  of  L896  was  memorable 
in  Indiana  tor  many  reasons.  In  the  very 
beginning  the  party  indulged  ina  factional 
quarrel  which,  in  almost  any  other  year, 
might  have  proved  fatal  to  success.  As 
the  time  for  the  re-organization  meet- 
ings rolled  around  in  February  a  very 
strong  opposition  developed  to  the  re-elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Gowdy  as  chairman.  He  had 
conducted  one  unsuccessful  and  one  very 
successful  campaign.  But  some  opposition 
to  his  methods  developed  and  was  fanned 
by  circumstances  into  a  warm  warfare. 
So  great  was  the  interest  in  this  contest 
that  the  district  conventions  in  January 
were  confined  to  the  election  of  members 
of  the  State  committee,  the  election  of 
delegates  to  tlie  National  convention  being 
postponed  to  later  conventions.  Alloppo- 
sition  to  Chairman  (rowdy  finally  centered 
upon  E.  H.  Nebeker  as  its  candidate. 
though  Mr.  Nebeker  was  very  loath  to  go 
into  the  contest.  Three  or  four  of  the  dis- 
trict conventions  were  so  close  that  the 
election  of  district  members  of  the  com- 
mittee was  determined  by  from  one  to 
three  votes  and  even  when  the  committee 
met  a  week  later  in  Indianapolis,  for  or- 
ganization, it  was  not  certain  which  side 
had  won.  The  Senatorial  question  became 
somewhat  involved  in  the  fight.  Op  to  a 
tew  months  before  it  had  been  generally 
understood  that  Mr.  Fairbanks  would  he 
the  next  Senator  if  the  Eepuhlicans  carried 
the  legislature  iii  1896,  hut  at  this  time 
W.  R.  McKeen,  of  Terre  Haute,  became  a 
candidate  and  his  friends  put  together  a 
~t  rong  organization  for  him.  in  the  chair- 
manship   contest,     while    neither    of     the 


candidates  for  Senator  participated  in  the 
fight,  a  large  number  of  Mr.  Fairbanks' 
followers  gravitated  to  the  support  of  Mr. 
Gowdy,  and  those  of  Mr.  McKeen  were  al- 
most solidly  for  Mr.  Nebeker.  In  the  or- 
ganization Mr.  Gowdy  secured  eight  of  the 
thirteen  members  of  the  committee,  and 
was  elected  chairman. 

The  committee  was  composed  of  the  fol- 
lowing members: 

First  District,  Samuel  E.  Kereheval,  Rockport; 
Second  District,  John  T.  Lnrub.  Bloomtield:  Third 
District.  Geo.  W.  Self.  Corydou;  Fourth  District, 
James  E.  Caskey,  Greensburg;  Fifth  District,  N. 
Filbeck,  Terre  Haute:  Sixth  District,  L.  P. 
Mitchell.  New  Castle:  Seventh  District,  J.  W. 
Kesler.  Indianapolis;  Eighth  District.  Ceo.  F.  Mc- 
culloch. Muncie:  Ninth  District,  Ambrose  Moore 
Covington;  Tenth  District.  T.  .1.  McCoy.  Rensse- 
laer: Eleventh  District.  Geo.  A.  Osborn,  Marion; 
Twelfth  District.  S.  A.  Wood.  Angola;  Thirteenth 
District,  Geo.  W.  Holman,  Rochester.  The  follow- 
ing officers  were  elected:  John  K.  Gowdy,  Chair- 
man; X.  Filbeck,  Vice-Chairman;  Robert  E.  Mans- 
field, Secretary  :  James  R.  Henry.  Treasurer. 
Chairman  Gowdy  appointed  the  following  auxil- 
iary committees:  Advisory— J.  H.  Claypool,  In- 
dianapolis: O.  M.  Tiehenor.  Princeton;  Joseph  Wil- 
son. Washington:  Evan  Prosser,  New  Albany;  A 
E.  Ndwlin.  Lawrenceburg;  Silas  A.  Hays.  Green- 
castle;  Charles  F.  Jones.  Brookville;  John  F.  Mc- 
Clure,  Anderson;  James  II.  Harris.  Noblesville; 
Franklin  R.  Carson,  I.aporte:  Warren  Bigler,  Wa- 
bash: ('.  R.  Higgins.  Fort  Wayne:  L.  H.  Beyerle. 
Goshen.  Executive— Frank  M.  Millikau,  Indian 
apolis;  E.  II.  Nebeker,  Covington:  W.  I.  Overstreet, 
Terre  Haute:  A.  W.  Wishard,  Indianapolis;  II. 
P.  Loveland,  Peru;  E.  O.  Hopkins.  Evansville;  W. 
H.   Watson.  Charlestown. 

At  the  meeting  for  organization  the 
committee  addressed  a  letter  to  General 
Harrison  tendering  its  support  if  he  should 
be  a  candidate  for  the  Presidential  nomi- 
nation. This  brought  a  reply  from  Gen- 
eral Harrison  declining  under  any  circum- 
stances to  accept  the  Presidential  nomina- 
tion, and  it  was  generally  understood  that 
if  Harrison  should  not  claim  the  allegiance 
of  Indiana  the  State  would  go  to  McKin- 
ley.  It  was  a  part  of  the  policy  of  Mr. 
McKinley's  friends  to  have  as  many  as 
possible  State  conventions  declare  in  his 
favor  before    the  National  convention  at 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


83 


St.  Louis,  and  some  letters  from  Chairman 
Growdy  to  Hon.  Mark  Hanna  showing  his 
active  interest  in  this  effort  in  Indiana  and 
containing  some  remarks  antagonistic  to 
friends  of  General  Harrison,  created  some- 
thing of  a  sensation.  However,  these  let- 
ters were  not  made  public  until  after  the 
State  convention  held  in  May.  After  the 
convention  the  letters  were  published  and 
a  strenuous  effort  was  made  to  oust  Chair- 
man Gowdy  from  his  position.  He  was 
not  caught  napping,  however,  and  suc- 
ceeded by  a  narrow  margin  in  controlling 
the  committee.  Later  the  issues  of  the 
campaign  took  such  a  terribly  important 
trend  that  this  factional  quarrel  was  en- 
tirely laid  aside  and  all  Republicans  joined 
iu  the  effort  to  win  a  victory.  The  State 
convention  was  an  exciting  one.  It  elected 
four  delegates  at  large  to  the  National 
convention,  and  these,  with  the  district 
selections,  made  up  the  following  delega- 
tion to  St.  Louis: 

Delegates  at  Large:  CoL  R.  W.  Thompson, 
Terre  Haute;  Gen.  Lew  Wallace,  Oawfordsville; 
('.  W.  Fairbanks,  Indianapolis,  and  F.  M.  Millikan, 
New  Castle.  Alternates  at  Large:  Hiram  Brown 
lee,  Marion.  R.  T.  McDonald.  Fort  Wayne:  Geo. 
L.  Kuox.  Indianapolis,  and  E.  ().  Hopkins,  Evans- 
vine.  District  Delegates:  First  District.  Jas.  B. 
McNeely,  Evansville,  and  Jas.  B.  Gamble,  Prince- 
ton; Second  District.  Nat  I".  Hill,  Blooinington, 
and  B.  F.  Folk.  Freelandville:  Third  District.  H.  C. 
Hobbs,  Salem,  and  John  'I'.  Stout.  Paoli;  Fourth 
District.  0.  II.  Montgomery,  Seymour,  and  A.  E. 
Nowlin,  Lawrenceburg;  Fifth  District.  Taylor 
Reagan,  Plainfield,  and  Jesse  W.  Weik,  Green- 
castle;  Sixth  District.  Elmer  E.  Stoner,  Greenfield, 
and  J.  W.  Ross.  Connersville;  Seventh  District. 
Harry  S.  New,  Indianapolis,  and  Joseph  B.  Seal- 
ing. Indianapolis:  Eighth  District.  W.  T.  Durbin. 
Anderson,  and  T.  H.  Johnson.  Dunkirk;  Ninth  Dis- 
trict. D.  A.  Coulter.  Frankfort,  and  C.  N.  Williams. 
Crawfordsville:  Tenth  District.  G.  S.  Van  Dusen, 
Michigan  City,  and  Cloyd  Laughery,  Monticello; 
Eleventh  District.  A.  L.  Lawshe,  Converse,  and 
Lewis  Signs.  North  Manchester;  Twelfth  District. 
Frank  S.  Roby.  Angola,  and  Chas.  D.  Law.  Fort 
Wayne;  Thirteenth  District.  A.  L.  Brick.  South 
Bend,  and  J.  H.  Heatwole,  Goshen.  District  alter- 
nates: First  District.  E.  E.  Lockwood.  Foseyville. 
and  Otto  Kolb.  Boonville;  Second  District.  M.  C. 
Stephenson,  Worthington,  and  V.  V.  Williams, 
Bedford:  Third   District.   John   Zimmerman,   Can- 


nelton,  and  .!.  L.  Fisher,  Scottsburg;  Fourth  Dis- 
trict. W.  G.  Xorris,  North  Vernon,  and  Simon 
Beymer.  Rising  Sun:  Fifth  District.  David  Strouse 
Rockville,  and  A.  J.  Ralph,  Dana:  Sixth  District, 
II.  R.  Lennard.  Metamora,  and  Dr.  T.  C.  Kennedy. 
Shelbyville;  Seventh  District,  Wm.  Kothe,  Indian- 
apolis, and  W.  T.  Thompson.  Eclinburg:  Eiciith 
District.  L.  G,  Davenport.  Bluffton,  and  B.  W. 
Quinn,  Decatur:  Ninth  District.  James  I'..  Johns. 
Tipton,  and  W.  G.  Darnell.  Lebanon;  Tenth  Dis- 
trict, Elmer  E.  Bringham.  G Hand,  and  Dr.  Clark 

('■.ok.  Fowler:  Eleventh  District.  C.  W.  Watkins, 
Huntington,  and  Luther  McDowell,  Kokomo; 
Twelfth  District,  ('has.  Sullivan.  Garrett,  and  J. 
D.  Farrell,  La  Grange;  Thirteenth  District.  Alonzo 
Craig.  North  Judson,  and  Edwin  Newton.  Wina- 
niac. 

There  were  thirteen  candidates  for  the 
Gubernatorial  nomination,  and  this  in  it- 
self gave  excitement  enough.  There  were 
also  the  great  questions  of  whether  or  not 
the  convention  should  instruct  for  McKin- 
ley  and  what  it  should  say  upon  the 
currency  question.  Luring  1S95  there 
had  been  a  tremendous  agitation  in  favor 
of  free  silver  which  was  now  coming  to  a 
head,  and  this  question,  which  later  caused 
so  much  trouble  and  a  split  for  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  wasnot  at  all  an  easy  one  for 
the  Republicans  to  handle  in  the  beginning. 
The  free  silver  sentiment  had  permeated 
their  ranks  not  a  little,  and  the  State  or- 
ganization was  in  favor  of  saying  as  little 
as  possible  on  the  subject.  Some  of  the 
leaders,  however,  were  demanding  a  frank 
avowal  of  the  party's  position  in  favor  of 
the  gold  standard,  and  after  a  hard  strug- 
gle succeeded  in  getting  a  rather  firm  de- 
claration on  the  subject.  It  was  this  ac- 
tion of  Indiana,  more  than  anything  else, 
that  strengthened  the  hands  of  the  gold 
standard  advocates  at  St.  Louis  and  helped 
to  obtain  the  right  kind  of  a  declaration 
in  the  National  platform. 

The  platform  adopted  was  as  follows: 

Your  committee  on  resolutions  beg  leave  to 
submit  the  following  declaration  of  principles: 

It  has  been  forty  years  since  the  Republican 
party  was  born.     It   was  the  child  of  conscience. 

It  grew  and  became  great  in  d 1  and  achievement 

through   the   inspiration   that   comes   from   a   true 


82 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


and  lofty  conception  oi  liberty  and  freedom,  jus- 
tin-  and  equality,  National  integrity  and  National 
honor. 

The  whole  world  knows  the  story  of  this  Na- 
tion's matchless  growth  and  development  while  it 
pursued  the  policy  and  was  true  to  the  principles 
of  the  Republican  party.  This  story  is  written  in 
lield  and  forest,  in  factory  and  in  mine,  in  count- 
ing house  and  home,  and  in  every  avenue  of  hu- 
man endeavor. 

It  tells  of  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion;  of 
the  enfranchisement  of  the  slaves;  of  the  recon- 
struction of  the  States;  of  the  restoration  of  our 
credit:  of  the  sacred  recognition  of  our  National 
obligations;  of  the  rapid  extinguishment  of  the 
National  debt:  of  the  extension  of  our  National 
domain;  id'  the  establishment  of  countless  diver- 
sified industries  and  of  a  domestic  and  foreign 
trade  that  reached  a  magnitude  that  excited  at 
once  tlm  amazement  and  admiration  of  all 
Christendom,  in  short  from  the  beginning  of  the 
administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln  to  the  close  of 
that  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  the  record  of  the  Re- 
publican party  is  the  story  of  loyalty,  of  patriotism 
ami  id'  magnificent  achievement. 

The  experience  of  the  last  three  years  brings 
out  in  a  clearer  light  the  excellence  of  the  splendid 
administration  of  our  fellow-citizen.  Benjamin 
Harrison,  an  administration  under  which  we  at- 
tained a  measure  id'  prosperity  unequaled  in  the 
history  of  the  Government. 

The  Republican  party  is  the  party  of  honesty 
and  prosperity,  of  law  and  order,  of  good  wages. 
good  markets  and  good  money,  and  it  asks  the 
confidence  and  suppori  id'  the  people  at  this  time, 
submitting  for  their  approval  the  following  state- 
ments of  principles  ami  policies  which  will  con- 
tinue to  guide  and   inspire  its  efforts: 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana  are  in  favor  of 
protection. 

We  demand  a  tariff  that  will  not  only  secure 
the  necessary  amount  of  revenue,  but  will  also 
afford  adequate  and  certain  protection  to  the  wage- 
workers  .and  producers  of  this  country. 

We  demand  that  the  American  sellers  shall 
have  the  first  chance  in  American  markets.  From 
Lincoln  to  Harrison,  under  a  wise  policy  of  pro- 
tection  and  reciprocity,  we  steadily  decreased  our 
bonded  debt,  resumed  specie  payment,  maintained 
the  public  credit,  kept  unimpaired  the  gold  re- 
serve, increased  the  wealth  of  the  whole  country, 
and  added  to  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  the 
people  td  a  degree  unparalleled  in  the  history  of 
nations.  The  reversal  of  this  beneficent  and  pa- 
triotic policy  by  the  Democratic  party  lias  brought 
to  the  A rican  people  nothing  but  distrust,  defi- 
cit ami  disaster. 

We  therefore  demand  a  return  to  the  sound 
Republican   party  of  protection   and  reciprocity. 


We  are  firm  and  emphatic  in  our  demand  for 

honest  money.  We  belli  ve  that  our  money  should 
noi  be  inferior  to  the  money  of  the  most  enlight- 
ened nations  of  the  earth. 

We  are  unalterably  opposed  to  every  scheme 
that  threatens  to  debase  or  depreciate  our  cur- 
rency. 

We  favor  the  use  of  silver  in  currency,  but  to 
the  extent  only  and  under  such  regulations  that  its 
parity  with  gold  can  be  maintained:  ami  in  con- 
sequence are  opposed  to  the  free,  unlimited  and 
independent  coinage  of  silver  at  a  ratio  of  L6  to  1. 

We  demand  a  rigid  enforcement  of  al!  existing 
immigration  laws  by  the  National  Government 
and  tin'  enactment  of  such  further  legislation  as 
will  the  better  protect  our  people  against  the  in- 
flux of  the  criminal  and  vicious  classes  of  foreign 
countries. 

We  believe  in  a  liberal  construction  of  our 
pension  laws  and  condemn  the  unjust  and  unfair 
policy  of  the  present  administration  in  depriving 
ex-soldiers  of  their  pensions  without  notice  and 
without  a  hearing  upon  charges  tiled  against  them. 

We  believe  it  to  be  the  duty  id'  the  State,  as 
well  as  the  Nation,  to  make  suitable  provision  for 
the  care  and  maintenance  of  all  unfortunate  sol- 
diers, I  heir  wives  and  widows,  and  we.  therefore, 
commend  the  act  of  the  last  legislature  of  Indiana 
in  providing  a  suitable  home  for  the  reception  of 
such  soldiers,  their  wives  and  widows,  as  may  be 
overtaken  by  adversity. 

Believing  as  we  do  in  a  protective  tariff,  the 
leading  issue  before  the  people,  we  favor  the  nom- 
ination its  President  of  the  United  States,  of  the 
man  who  perfectly  represents  a  protective  tariff 
and  the  cardinal  principles  of  the  Republican 
party;  a  man  who  has  devoted  his  life  to  the  de- 
fense of  his  country  in  war  and  in  peace;  one  who, 
at  seventeen,  fought  with  Hayes  and  Crook  and 
Sheridan  at  Antietam  and  in  the  Shenandoah  in 
defense  of  our  flag  against  foes  within,  and  for 
fourteen  years  in  Congress  contended  against  our 
country's  foes  from  without,  beating  back  British 
free  trade  and  aggression  which  finally,  under  the 
present  Democratic  administration,  obtained  pos- 
session of  our  markets  and  litis  almost  destroyed 
our  industries;  a  man  who  with  the  resistless 
shibboleth,  "protection  and  prosperity."  hits  chal- 
lenged the  attention  of  the  commercial  world,  and 
won  the  support  of  every  patriotic  workingman  of 
our  country;  whose  life  and  work,  open  as  a  book, 
tire  in  themselves  a  platform,  and  whose  very 
name  is  magic,  that  loyal  American  citizen,  soldier, 
statesman  and  Christian  gentleman.  William  Mc- 
Kinley,  of  Ohio;  and  the  delegates  to  the  Repub- 
lican National  convention  selected  by  this  body  are 
directed  to  cast  their  vote  for  William  MoKinley 
as    frequently    and    continuously    as    there    is    any 

hop,'  of  his  nomination. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


The  following  State  ticket  was  nomi- 
nated: 

Governor — James  A.  Mount,  Montgomery. 

Lieutenant-Governor — W.  S.  Haggard,  Tippeca- 
noe. 

Secretary  of  State — Wm.  D.  Owen.  Cass. 

Auditor  of  State— A.  C.  Daily.  Boone. 

Treasurer  of  State — F.  J.  Scholz,  Vanderburg. 

Attorney-General — "W '.  A.  Ketcham,  Marion. 

Reporter  of  Supreme  Court— Charles  F.  Remy, 
Bartholomew. 

Superintendent  of  Public  lust  met  ion— I).  M. 
Geeting.  Jefferson. 

State  Statistician— I.  .1.  Thompson.  Shelby. 

Judges  of  Appellate  Court— TJ.  Z.  Wiley.  Benton; 
D.  W.  Comstook,  Wayne:  W.  J.  Henley.  Rush; 
James  B.  Black.  Marion,  and  W.  D.  Robinson.  Gib- 
son. 

The  following  Congressional  nominees 
were  named  by  the  district  conventions,  a 
general  reapportionment  of  the  State  for 

Congressional  purposes  having  been  made 
during  the  previous  legislature: 

First  District,  .lames  A.  1 1.  men  way:  Second 
District,  A.  M.  Hardy;  Third  District,  Robert  .1. 
Tracewell;  Fourth  District,  Manns  R,  Sulzer; 
Fifth  District.  Geo.  W.  Faris;  Sixth  District, 
Henry  I".  Johnson;  Seventh  District,  Jesse  Over- 
street;  Eighth  District,  Charles  I..  Henry;  Ninth 
District,  Charles  P..  Landis;  Tenth  District.  E.  D. 
Crumpacker;  Eleventh  District,  Ceo.  w.  Steele; 
Twelfth  District.  .7.  D.  I. eighty:  Thirteenth  Dis- 
trict. L.  W.  Royse. 

The  Lincoln  League  organization  for 
the  campaigu  was  made  up  of  the  follow- 
ing: 

President,  A.  M.  Higgins,  Terre  Haute:  Secre- 
tary. J.  .7.  Higgins.  Indianapolis;  Treasurer.  It.  H. 
Richards,  Spencer.  District  Managers:  First 
District.  Charles  V.  Jean.  Evansville:  Second  Dis- 
trict. Arthur  M.  Hadley,  Bloornington;  Third  Dis- 
trict. Joseph  Poutch,  New  Albany;  Fourth  Dis- 
trict. T.  I,.  Larue,  Greensburg;  Fifth  District,  .1. 
D.  Hogate,  Danville:  Sixth  District.  W.  s.  Mont- 
gomery, Greenfield;  Seventh  District.  E.  A.  Mc- 
Alpine,  Franklin:  Eighth  District.  V.  V.  Morgan. 
Anderson:  Ninth  District.  McClure  Tate.  NTobles- 
ville;  Eleventh  District.  John  O'Hara.  Peru:  Twelfth 
District.  William  Millet.  Fort  Wayne:  Thirteenth 
District.  C.  B.  Bentley.  Warsaw. 

The  compaign  was  one  of  the  most  in- 
tense feeling.  Before  it  got  fair] y  started 
it  was  seen  by  all  men  that  the  currency 
issue  was  the  only  one  the  people  would 
talk  about.      The  old   Alliance  party  had 


gradually  developed  into  the  Populisl  party 

which  had  Ion-  before  declared  for  free 
silver.  The  Democrats,  in  their  National 
conventionat  Chicago,  after  much  turmoil, 
likewise  declared  for  tree  silver  and  nomi- 
nated Bryan.  A  month  later  those  Demo 
crats  believing  in  the  gold  standard  met  in 
National  convention  at  Indianapolis  and 
put  a.  ticket  in  the  Held.  The  gold  Demo- 
crats organized  a  State  committee  with 
county  committees  in  every  comity  in 
Indiana.  The  Populists,  in  their  National 
convention,  had  adopted  a  platform  of  their 
own  ami  endorsed  the  Democratic  ticket. 
In  Indiana,  however,  they  nominated  a 
State  ticket  of  their  own  and  put  Presi- 
dential electors  in  tlie  field.  However, 
they  appointed  a  committee  of  thirteen 
with  plenary  powers  to  represent  the  party 
in  negotiations  with  the  older  parties. 

This  simply  meant  that  the  Populist 
party  was  for  sale,  so  far  as  the  committee 
of  thirteen  could  handle  it.  and  a  large 
portion  of  the  energies  of  both  the  older 
parties  was  devoted  to  this  subject,  the  Re- 
publicans endeavoring  to  keep  the  Popu- 
list ticket  in  the  field  and  the  Democrats 
endeavoring  to  get  them  out  of  the  way. 
Thei'e  were  charges  of  corruption  and  of 
bribes  offered  on  both  sides,  hut  apparently 
the  Democrats  got  the  better  of  the  auc- 
tion, for  after  many  conferences  a  com- 
bined Populist  and  Democratic  electoral 
ticket  was  put  in  the  field.  Some  of  the 
nominees  on  the  Populist  State  ticket,  how- 
ever, declined  to  get  out  of  the  way.  The 
most  powerful  factor  in  the  Republican 
campaign  was  the  tour  of  the  State  made 
by  General  Harrison  in  which  he  delivered 
over  fifty  speeches.  The  campaign  was 
most  vigorously  prosecuted,  both  in  speech- 
making  and  in  the  routine  political  work, 
hut  so  great  was  the  shifting  of  party  lines 
upon  the  new  issue  that  nobody  felt  certain 
of  victory  until  the  votes  were  counted 
out.  It  was  then  found  that  the  Repub- 
licans had  carried  the  State  on  the  Presi- 
dential ticket  by  nearly   Is. • votes  and 


S4 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


on  the  State  ticket  by  about  26,000.  This 
difference    marked    the  strength    of   the 

Populist  vote  in  the  State.  The  party  did 
not  again  succeed  in  electing  all  the  Con- 
gressional nominees  hut  they  elected  Mr. 
Hemenway  in  the  First  District,  Mr. 
Kaiis  in  the  Fifth.  Mr.  Johnson  in  the 
Sixth.  Mr.  Overstreet  in  the  Seventh,  Mr. 
Henry  in  the  Eighth.  Mr.  Landis  in  the 
Ninth,  Mr.  Crumpacker  in  the  Tenth, 
Mr.  Steele  iii  the  Eleventh  and  Mr.  Royse 
in  the  Thirteenth. 

The  regular  campaign  was  no  sooner 
over  than  the  Senatorial  contest  began  to 
assume  interesting  proportions.  Mr.  Fair- 
hanks  had  been  the  nominee  of  the  party 
when  Senator  Turpie  was  elected  in  1893 
and  ever  since  that  time  the  party  organi- 
zation had  been  controlled  by  his  friends. 
Nevertheless  Mr.  McKeen  made  a  very 
earnest  fight  for  the  election  and  acquired 
considerable  strength.  Judge  R.  S.  Tay- 
lor, of  Ft.  Wayne,  and  Gen.  Lew  Wallace 
were  also  announced  as  candidates,  but 
made  little  or  no  canvass.  It  became  ap- 
parent, however,  two  or  three  weeks  be- 
fore the  caucus  was  held,  that  Mr.  Fair- 
banks easily  had  a  majority,  and  he  was 
elected  with  much  enthusiasm. 


CAMPAIGN  OF  1898. 

With  the  incoming  of  the  McKinley  ad- 
ministration in  1897  Chairman  Gowdy, 
who  had  so  ably  handled  the  State  com- 
mittee during  three  campaigns,  went  to 
Paris  as  ( 'onsul-General  and  the  committee 
elected  George  F.  McCulloch,  of  Muncie, 
as  his  successor.  Mr.  McCulloch  had 
never  appeared  in  State  politics  until  the 
spring  of  1896,  but  he  was  at  once  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  strongest  leaders  in  the 
State  and  when,  a  few  weeks  before  the 
regular  reorganization  of  the  party,  he 
announced  that  he  could  not  accept  the 
chairmanship,  the  announcement  was  re- 
ceived with  general  regret. 


At  the  organization  meetings  the  fol- 
lowing members  of  the  State  committee 
were  elected : 

First  District,  Geo.  A.  Cunningham,  Evans- 
ville;  Second  District,  Jus.  E.  Henley,  Blooming- 
ton;  Third  District.  Geo.  W.  Self.  Corydon;  Fourth 
District.  Thos.  McNutt,  Madison;  Fifth  District, 
X.  Fill  nek.  Terre  Haute;  Sixth  District.  Miles  R. 
Mullen.  Connersville;  Seventh  District.  Harry  S. 
New,  Indianapolis:  Eighth  District.  Myron  L. 
Chase,  Dunkirk;  Ninth  District,  Fred  A.  Sims, 
Frankfort:  Tenth  District.  Thus.  J.  McCoy,  Rens- 
selaer; Eleventh  District.  Warren  Bigler,  Wabash; 
Twelfth  District.  W.  J.  Vesey,  Port  Wayne;  Thir- 
teenth  District.   Elmer  Crockett.   South  Bend. 

When  the  committee  met  for  organiza- 
tion in  Indianapolis  there  was  some  dan- 
ger of  a  reappearance  of  the  factional 
trouble  that  had  caused  so  much  disturb- 
ance two  years  before,  but  some  of  the 
wiser  heads  in  the  committee  suggested 
the  name  of  Charles  S.  Hernley,  of  New 
Castle,  for  the  chairmanship  and  it  was  at 
once  realized  that  he,  more  than  any  other 
man.  would  be  able  to  bring  about  har- 
monious and  vigorous  work.  He  was 
unanimously  elected  chairman;  Warren 
Bigler  was  made  vice-chairman;  S.  H. 
Spooner  secretary,  and  H.  W.  Bennett 
treasurer.  Chairman  Hernley  appointed 
the  following  committees: 

Executive— Eugene  H.  Ruudy,  Newcastle;  R. 
O.  Hawkins,  Indianapolis:  Enos  II.  Xeheker,  Cov- 
ington: E.  ().  Hopkins.  Evansville;  Geo.  F.  Mc- 
Culloch. Muncie;  W.  It.  McKeen,  Terre  Haute; 
Chas.  R.   Dane.   Fort  Wayne. 

Advisory— Otto  Kolb,  Boonville;  Thomas  H. 
Adams.  Yincennos;  Chas.  AY.  McGuire,  New 
Albany;  Arthur  Overstreet.  Columbus;  Joseph  H. 
Homan.  Danville;  Chas.  V.  Jones,  Brook ville;  John 
B.  Cockrum.  Indianapolis;  James  AY.  Sale,  Bluff- 
ton;  John  C.  Wingate,  Wingate;  Geo.  P.  Heywood, 
Lafayette;  Will  II.  Hart.  Huntington;  Joseph  S. 
Conlogue,  Kendallville;  Rollo  B.  Oglesbee,  Ply- 
mouth. 

In  February  the  Lincoln  League  reor- 
ganized as  the  "Indiana  State  League  of 
Republican  Clubs"  with  the  following 
officers: 

FJresident,  F.  E.  Holloway,  Anderson;  Vice- 
President,  J.  W.  Egnew,  LaGro;  Secretary,  Wm.  W. 
Huffman,  Anderson;  Treasurer,  A.  W.  Bruner. 
Paoli. 


>F    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


85 


Executive  Committee. — W.  J.  Vesey,  Ft.  Wayne; 

C.  W.  McGuire,  New  Albany;  Andrew  J.  Clark, 
Evansville;  Leopold  G.  Rothschild.  Indianapolis;  J. 
W.  Thompson.  Winchester;  Alvin  M.  Higgins,  Terre 
Haute;  Philo  Q.  Doran,  LaPorte. 

District  Managers — First,  W.  C.  Zaring,  Evans- 
ville;  second.  J.  McD.  Huff.  Washington;  third.  J. 

D.  Poutch,  New  Albany;  fourth,  W.  S.  Mathews, 
North  Vernon;  fifth,  Geo.  W.  Kreitenstein,  Terre 
Haute;  sixth,  Chas.  H.  Tindall,  Shelbyvillejueventb., 
Al.  W.  Moore,  Indianapolis;  eighth,  A.  E.  Needham. 
Muncie;  ninth.  I.  N.   Waugh,  Tipton;  tenth.  Daniel 

E.  Storms,  LaFayette;  eleventh,  John  W.  O'Hara, 
Peru;  twelfth.  H.  VV.  L.  Tenbrook,  Ft.  Wayne;  thir- 
teenth, Geo.  A.  Kurtz,  South  Bend. 

Advisory  Committee — John  G.  Mason,  Evans- 
ville; Grant  Mitchener,  Valparaiso;  John  Watts, 
Marion;  George  P.  Hey  wood,  LaFayette;  Thos.  0. 
Kennedy,  Shelby ville;  A.  F.  Knotts,  Hammond; 
Ward  H.  Watson,  Charlestown;  Russell  M.  Seeds, 
Indianapolis;  E.  E.  Neal,  Noblesville;  John  R.  Bon- 
nell,  Crawfordsville;  Netter  G.  Worthington.  Evans- 
ville; George  F.  McCulloch,  Richmond;  Chas.  E. 
Shiveley,  Richmond;  A.  M.  Bain.  Martinsville. 

The  State  convention  was  held  in  May 
and  the  following  platform  was  adopted: 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana,  in  State  conven- 
tion assembled,  congratulate  the  Nation  on  its 
return  to  Republican  rule,  which  furnishes  a  sure 
guaranty  of  stability  and  prosperity  to  all  our  in- 
stitutions, and  a  comparison  that  gives  little  hope 
of  a  return  to  power  of  the  parly  of  calamity  and 
distress. 

While  we  sincerely  deplore  the  necessity  of 
war,  we  believe  the  President  anil  Congress  acted 
wisely  in  demanding  the  complete  withdrawal  of 
Spanish  sovereignty  from  the  island  of  Cuba  and 
in  proceeding  to  enforce  the  demand  with  the  mil 
itary  and  naval  power  of  the  Government.  And 
now  that  our  army  and  navy  have  blessed  our 
Nation  with  triumphs  not  excelled  in  the  world's 
history,  rendering  many  names  illustrious  and  im- 
mortal, ami  adding  prestige  and  glory,  limited  only 
by  civilization,  to  our  great  Republic,  the  occasion 
is  one  of  supreme  gratitude  to  the  great  Ruler  of 
nations. 

We  extend  to  the  brave  men  on  land  anil  sea. 
who  have  gone  forth  to  battle  for  the  glory  of  our 
flag  and  the  cause  of  human  liberty,  our  deepest 
sympathy  on  account  of  the  sacrifices  they  have 
made  and  the  hardships  they  are  called  upon  to 
endure,  and  our  war st  praise  for  their  uncon- 
querable valor. 

We  honor,  congratulate  and  applaud  our  coun- 
try's heroes,  who  have  once  more  proved  the 
matchless  intelligence,  devotion  and  coinage  of 
American  manhood.  They  have  proved  to  the  world 
that  the  United  Slates  is  a  Nation,  one  and  indi- 
visible,    without     sections     and     without     classes, 


whose  purpose  is  "to  deal  justly,  love  mercy  and 
walk  humbly  before  God." 

We  felicitate  the  country  on  tile  fact  that. 
when,  in  the  exigencies  of  war,  it  became  neces 
sary  to  issue  $200,000,000  of  Government  bonds, 
to  meet  the  extraordinary  expenditures,  a  Repub- 
lican administration  had  the  good  sense  and  wis 
dom  to  put  (lie  loan  within  the  easy  reach  of  the 
1 pie,  where  it  has  been  wholly  absorbed,  fur- 
nishing a  splendid  security  for  their  savings, 
awakening  a  new  interest  in  the  permanency  ot 
our  Coverimi.ni  and  the  soundness  of  iis  financial 
system. 

We  most  cordially  approve  the  administration 
of   President    McKinley. 

He  lias  mel  the  unusually  grave  and  difficult 
questions  which  have  arisen  since  his  incumbency 
of  the  Presidential  office  in  a  manner  so  wise  and 
patriotic  as  to  Challenge  the  admiration  of  all  par- 
tics  at  home,  and  to  win  the  approval  of  the  best 
1 pie    throughout    the   civilized    world. 

We  especially  commend  his  conservative  and 
patriotic  course  in  earnestly  hoping  and  nego- 
tiating fur  peace,  while  yet  prudently  preparing 
for  war.  And  we  further  express  our  mosl  earnest 
approval  of  his  vigorous  prosecution  id'  the  war 
and  our  entire  confidence  in  his  ability  to  secure 
such  terms  of  peace,  now  happily  near  at  hand, 
as  will  advance  human  liberty  and  comport  with 
the  dignity  and  honor  of  the  American  people. 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana  are  unreservedly 
for  sound  money,  and  are.  therefore,  opposed  to 
the  heresy  to  which  the  Democratic  party  is 
wedded— Of  the  free  and  unlimited  coinage  of  both 
gold  and  silver  at  the  ratio  of  Id  to  1  — which  we 
regard  as  absolutely  certain  to  debase  our  money 
and  destroy  our  private  and  public  credit  and 
cause  general  business  disaster. 

We  recognize  the  necessity  of  comprehensive 
and  enlightened  monetary  legislation,  and  we  be- 
lieve that  tlie  declaration  in  the  St.  Louis  National 
Republican  platform  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
gold  standard  and  the  parity  of  all  our  forms  of 
money  should  lie  given  the  vitality  of  public  law, 
and  the  money  of  the  American  people  should  be 
made  like  all  its  institutions— the  best  in  the 
world. 

We  especially  commend  the  President  and 
Congress  for  the  prompt  passage  of  a  wise  revenue 
law,  in  accordance  with  the  sound  Republican 
doctrine  of  reciprocity  and  protection  to  American 
industries  and  home  labor,  and  express  our  tin 
bounded  confidence  in  the  beneficial  results  pre- 
dicted for  this  measure  by  our  party  leaders,  evi- 
dences of  which  are  daily  accumulating  in  tin' 
way  of  renewed  business  prosperity  and  amide 
revenue   for  ordinary  governmental  expenditures. 

We.  therefore,  reaffirm  our  belief  in  the  doc- 
trine  of   reciprocity    and    protection    to   American 


86  HISTORY    OF   THE   REPUBLICAN    PART'S 

labor  ;iml  home  industries,  and  condemn  tbe  Hem  field,  at  an  expense  of  over  two  hundred  thousand 

ocratic  doctrine  of  tariff  Cor  revenue  only  as  un-  dollars  ($200,000) ;  the  laws  have  been  enforced  and 

sound  .-iiiil   unsuited   to  the  besl    interests  of  the  the  uame  of  Indiana  honored  throughout  the  land, 
country:  a  doctrine  whose  falsity  lias  been  demon-  In  1895-97,  for  the  lirsl  time  since  1883,  owing 

strated  by  our  experience  under  the  Wilson  reve-  to  the  vicious  system  of  enacting  apportionment 

oue  bill,  thai  plunged  the  country  into  commercial  laws,  whereby  the  minority  might  still  control  the 

and  financial  distress,  from  which  it  is  fast  recov-  majority,    the    Republican    party    found    itself    in 

ering   since    the   change    from     that    Democratic  condition  to  legislate  for  the  state,  anil  the  laws 

policy.  thai    i(    wisely   enacted,    and    the   other   measures 

We    hold    in    undying    honor    the    soldiers    and  which  it   still  more  wisely  refused   to  pass,  consti- 

sailors  whose  valor  saved  the  life  id'  the  Nation,  tute  an   epoch   in   legislation   (hat    is  tin   enduring 

and  those  who  were  hut  recently  called  lo  arms  in  monument  in  the  faithfulness  and  intelligence  of 

vindication  of  their  country's  honor  and  the  cause  the  party  which  the  Fifth-ninth  and  Sixtieth  (ieu- 

of  human  liberty.   .lust  and  liberal  pensions  to  all  era!  Assemblies  represented. 

deserving  soldiers  are  a  sacred  debl  id'  the  Nation.  Among   the   many   wise  and   just   measures  of 

and    the    widows   and    orphans    of    those    who    tire  legislation  thai   stand  on   the  statute  books  as  the 

dead  are  entitled  to   the  care  of  a   generous  .and  result  of  the  labors  of  those  two  General  Assem- 

grateful  people.  blies   .are   the   acts   creating   a    labor   commission. 

Having  achieved  iis  manhood,  the  Republic,  providing  a  means  for  the  settlement  of  disputes 
under  God,  is  entering  upon  iis  greaiest  period  of  between  employers  and  employes  by  arbitration; 
power,  happiness  .and  responsibility.  Realizing  the  abolishing  the  prison  contract  system,  taking  con- 
mighty  future  of  wealth,  prosperity  and  duty.  vicl  Labor  out  of  competition  with  free  labor,  pro 
which  is  even  now  upon  n,.  we  favor  Jie  extern  viding  tor  factory  inspection,  and  the  protection 
sion  of  American  trade;  the  reformation  of  our  0f  ,1,,.  ijves  and  health  of  operatives,  and  prohibit- 
consular  service  accordingly;  the  encouragement  ing  the  employment  of  child  labor;  providing  saf e- 
by  all  legitimate  means  of  the  American  mercham  guards  in  Hie  auditing  of  public  expenditures! 
marine:  the  creation  of  a  navy  as  powerful  as  our  complying  with  the  constitutional  mandate  thai 
commerce  shall  be  extensive,  and  for  public  de-  the  penal  codes  should  be  founded  on  principles  of 
tense  and  security  and  the  establishment  of  coal  reformation  and  not  of  vindictive  justice;  provid- 
ing stations  and  naval  rendezvous  wherever  neces-  j,,„  f,,,.  t lit ■  protection  of  ilie  people  against  incom 
sary.  patent   and    inefficient    professional    men;    making 

We  most   heartily  approve  the   wisdom  of  the  permanent   in  county  and  extending  to  State  offi- 

annexntion    of    lite    Hawaiian    islands    as    a    wise  cials  the  provision   that  officers  shall  be  paid  ac- 

measure,  and  recommend  the  early  construction  of  cording  to  their  services,  and  not  constitute  a  bur- 

the  Xicaragu.au  canal  under  the  immediate  direc-  den  on  the  people  by  reason  of  excessive  fees  and 

lion   ami   exclusive   control   of   the    United    States  salaries;  the  taking  of  the  benevolent   institutions 

Government,  the  importance  and  necessity  of  the  out  of   the  purview  of   partisan    politics,    whereby 

canal    having    been    emphasized    by    recent    events  the  poor  and   unfortunate   wards  of   the   State  are 

connected    with   the   present    war   with    Spain.  assured    competent    and    humane    treatment,     and. 

We   favor  the  enaciiiieni    and   enforcement   of  above  all.   the  enactment   id'  tin   honest,   fair  and 

laws  restricting  and   preventing   the  immigration  constitutional  apportionment  law.    These  acts  em- 

of  such  undesirable  foreign  population  as  is  pre-  phasize  and  illustrate  the  intelligence  and  integrity 

judicial  to  free  American  labor.  of   the    Fifty-ninth   and   Sixtieth   General   Assem- 

We  indorse  the  record  id'  Senator   Fairbanks,  blies.  and   we  congratulate  the  Republican   party 

who,  by  his  wise  and  patriotic  counsel  and  cour-  and  the  people  of  the  State  on  their  action. 
ageous  ability,  aided   the  President   and  served   his  Relieving     that     there     is    need    of    reform    in 

country  with  marked  distinction  and  great   honor  county  and  township  government,  and  Unit  a  vast 

lo  our  Slate.  saving  of  the  public  money  can  be  made  by  better 

We  commend  and  congratulate  the  Republican  methods,    we    favor    early   and    thorough    revision 

Congressional  delegation   upon  the  high  standard  of  the  laws  on  this  subject,  to  the  end  that  the  peo- 

of  ability  manifested  by  them  and  the  conspicuous  l >1< •  of  Indiana   may  have  the  besl   and  most  eco- 

station  they  have  taken  in  National  legislation.  nomicai  managemenl  of  local  affairs. 

We  commend  the  wise  and  economical  admin-  We  favor,  as  a  supplement  to  our  present  elec- 

istration  of  Governor  Mount   and   the  Republican  'ion  law.  the  enactment  by  the  next  legislature  ot 

State  officials,   under   which,    wilh   a    reduction   of  such  a  primary  election  law  as  will  secure  to  the 

25  per  centum  in  the  State  t.ax  rate  within  Hi,,  last  people  a  full  and  free  expression  in  the  selection 

eighteen   months,   nine  hundred  and  twenty  thou-  of  their  candidates  for  office. 

sand  dollars  ($920,000)  of  the  State  debt   1ms  1 t, 

discharged;    an    army    of    over    seven    thousand  llu'  following  State  ticket    was   noini- 

(7.000)   men   has  been  equipped  and   placed   m   the  Hated: 


OF   THE    STATE   OF    INDIANA. 


Secretary  of  State — Union  B.  Hunt.  Randolph, 

Auditor  of  State— W.  H.  Hart,  Clinton. 

Treasurer  of  State — Leopold  Levy,  Huntington. 

Attorney-General — W.  L.  Taylor,  Marion. 

Cleric  of  the  Supreme  Court— R.  A.  Brown,  John- 
son. 

Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court — Alexander  Dowl- 
ing.  Francis  E.  Baker,  and  John  V.  Hadley. 

Judges  of  the  Appellate  Court— U.  Z.  Wiley. 
Benton;  D.  W.  Comstock.  Wayne;  W.  J.  Henley. 
Rush;  James  B.  Black,  Marion;  W.  1>.  Robinson. 
Gibson. 

State  Geologist— W.  8.  Blatchley.  Vigo. 

State  Statistician — John  B.  Conner.  Marion. 

Tlu*  following-  candidates  for  Congress 
were  nominated  by  the  district  conven- 
tions : 

First  District,  James  A.  Hemenway;  Second 
District.  W.  R.  Gardine;  Third  District,  Isaac 
Whitesides;  Fourth  District.  Charles  \V.  Lee; 
Fifth  District.  Geo.  W.  Faris;  Sixth  District. 
James  F.  Watson;  Seventh  District,  Jesse  Over- 
street;  Eighth  District.  Geo.  W.  Cromer;  Ninth 
District.  Charles  B.  I.andis;  Tenth  District,  E.  D. 
Crumpacker;  Eleventh  District.  Geo.  W.  Steele. 
Twelfth  District.  Christian  I'..  Sienien:  Thirteenth 
District.  A.  L.  Brick. 

The  Spanish  war  attracted  public  atten- 
tion to  such  a  degree  that  it  was  difficult 
to  interest  the  people  in  political  meetings, 
and  both  parties  were  a  hit  alarmed  by  the 
slender  attendance  that  greeted  their  pub- 
lic speakers.  However,  the  routine  work 
of  the  party  was  well  and  thoroughly  at- 
tended, and  the  State  organization  was 
largely  assisted  by  the  executive  committee 
of  the  Indianapolis  monetary  convention 
under  the  leadership  of  H.  H.  Hanna. 
While  the  operations  of  this  committee  ex- 
tended throughout  the  country,  they  were 
very  effective  in  Indiana.  Its  method 
was  purely  a  letter  writing  campaign, 
calling  the  attention  of  business  men  to 
the  serious  nature  of  the  issues  involved 
and  exciting  their  interest.  There  was 
never  at  any  time  much  doubt  about  the 
success  of  the  party  during  this  campaign, 
and  when  the  votes  were  counted  out  in 
Novemher  it  was  found  that  the  Republi- 
cans had  carried  the  State  by  over  1.7,000. 
The  following  members  of  Congress  were 
elected:      Hemeuwav  in  the  First  District. 


Faris  in  the  fifth,  Watson  in  the  Sixth. 
Overstreet  in  the  Seventh.  Cromer  in  the 
Eighth.  Landis  in  the  Ninth,  Crumpacker 
in  the  Tenth.  Steele  in  the  Eleventh  and 
Brick  in  the  Thirteenth. 

The  legislature  was  Republican  in  both 
branches,  and  there  was  a  Senator  to  elect. 
This  question  of  Senatorship  had  been  kept 
entirely  in  the  hack  ground  during  the 
campaign,  but  as  soon  as  it  was  over  five 
candidates  appeared  in  the  field: 

Messrs.  R.  S.  Taylor.  Fort  Wayne:  Geo. 
W.  Steele.  .Marion:  J.  Frank  Hanley,  La- 
Fayette;  Frank  B.  Posey.  Evansville.  and 
Albert  J.  Beveridge,  Indianapolis. 

Memhers  were  not  in  a  hurry  to  obli- 
gate themselves,  hut  the  surprising  feature 
of  the  campaign  at  the  start  was  the  won- 
derful strength  developed  by  Mr.  Hanlev, 
of  LaFayette.  Mr.  Hanley  was  a  young 
man  and  the  only  offices  he  had  held  were 
those  of  the  State  legislature  and  member 
of  Congress.  The  contest  attracted  people 
from  all  over  the  State  and  the  Denison 
House  at  Indianapolis  was  a  very  busy 
scene  for  two  weeks  before  the  caucus. 
It  was  soon  realized  that  it  was  a  case  of 
Hanley  against  the  held,  hut  there  seemed 
no  possibility  of  the  Held  consolidating 
upon  any  of  the  four  candidates.  Upon 
the  night  of  the  caucus  the  first  ballot  gave 
Hanlev  thirty-two  votes;  Taylor,  nineteen; 
Steele,  eleven; Posey,  fourteen,  and  Bever- 
idge, thirteen.  Through  eleven  ballotsMr. 
Hanley's  strength  stood  together,  though 
he  grew  hut  slightly.  His  highest  vote 
was  thirty-seven  on  the  ninth  ballot,  with 
forty-five  necessary  to  a  choice,  hut  on  the 
hist  ballot  he  still  had  thirty-six  votes. 
Beveridge's  strength  gradually  "lew  from 
the  first  ballot  until  on  the  tenth  he  had 
twenty-eight  votes.  Upon  the  eleventh 
ballot  Messrs.  Taylor  and  Steele  withdrew 
and  Mr.  Beveridge  was  nominated  with 
forty-eight  votes.  The  news  was  received 
with  great  rejoicing  throughout  the  State 
and  no  man  ever  entered  this  high  office 
with  better  auspices. 


REPUBLICAN  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 


M(  )KT(  >N'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

SINCE  its  organization  the  Republican 
party  lias  had  control  of  the  State  ad- 
ministration i>t'  Indiana  somewhat  more 
than  half  the  time,  and  very  nearly  all 
there  is  of  good  in  the  annals  of  the  State 
since  1860  is  attributable  to  it.  The 
party  first  came  into  power  in  1S60,  when 
Lane  was  elected  Governor  and  Morton 
Lieutenant-Governor,  with  a  Republican 
legislature.  Governor  Lane  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  and  in  accordance  with  an 
ante-convention  agreement  immediately 
resigned  the  Governorship  and  Oliver  P. 
Morton  took  the  direction  of  affairs. 
This,  the  first  Republican  State  adminis- 
tration, was  by  far  the  most  eventful  thai 
the  State  has  had.  Morton  proved  one  of 
the  strongest  men  that  America  has  pro- 
duced and  his  famous  sentence.  "I  am  the 
State.'"  was  thoroughly  vindicated  during 
the  last  half  of  his  administration.  The 
Civil  Warbroke  out  shortly  after  he  took 
his  seat,  and  though  the  State  was  heavily 
burdened  with  debt  and  the  Governor's 
office  was  embarrassed  in  many  ways,  so 
great  was  Morton's  energy  and  ability  to 
overcome  obstacles  that  Indiana  imme- 
diately came  to  the  front  as  one  of  the 
most  active  and  patriotic  States  of  the 
Union  in  furnishing  and  equipping  troops 
for  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion.  The 
general  Government  was  not  yet  prepared 
for  equipping  the  vast  number  of  volun- 
teers that  it  called  for  and  the  States  thus 
equipped  their  troops  and  waited  for  re- 
imbursement by  the  National  Government. 
Then,  as  now.  all  officers  of  the  line  among 
the  volunteer  troops  were  appointed  and 
commissioned  by  the  Governors  of  the 
States  from  which  the  troops  came.  and.  as 
regiment  after  regiment  was  organized 
and  senl  to  the  front,  this  work  of  select- 
ing officers  was  in  itself  an  enormous  task. 
Morton  permitted  neither  favoritism  nor 
political    influence    to    interfere  with  the 


selection  of  men  that  he  deemed  best  quali- 
fied for  military  leadership,  and.  after  a 
very  few  mistakes  at  the  beginning,  he 
soon  came  to  exercise  an  almost  unerring 
judgment  in  the  selection  of  military  offi- 
cers. During  the  first  half  of  hisadminis- 
tration  the  legislature  was  Republican,  and 
he  had  no  trouble  in  having  the  proper 
credits  voted  for  supplies.  In  order  that 
the  State  troops  might  be  equipped  with 
more  facility  he  established  a  State  ar- 
senal and  managed  it  so  well  that  the  en- 
terprise proved  very  profitable.  When  the 
Kirby-Smith  raid  came  from  Kentucky  he 
organized  a  home  militia,  called  the  In- 
diana Legion,  and  purchased  arms  on  credit 
to  equip  it.  As  may  be  imagined,  all  this 
was  not  done  without  difficulty.  Morton 
was  in  the  field  before  the  Governor  of 
Ohio  got  fairly  started  and  these  three- 
months  men  served  with  valor  in  the  West 
Virginia  campaign.  Morton  was  anxious 
to  have  them  re -enlist,  but  his  hopes  were 
blighted  by  the  long  delay  and  trouble  in 
having  the  men  mustered  out.  Then,  when 
more  volunteers  were  called  for.  but  four 
regiments  were  apportioned  to  Indiana, 
while  Morton  was  eager  to  have  six.  Af- 
ter the  disaster  at  Bull  Run  the  difficulties 
in  having  troops  accepted  were  over  and 
new  regiments  were  rapidly  organized. 
By  the  6th  of  January,  1862,  the  State  had 
contributed  to  the  Federal  army  forty-eight 
regiments  of  infantry,  twelve  regiments 
of  cavalry  and  seventeen  batteries,  a  total 
of  53,035  men,  but  Morton's  activities  were 
not  confined  to  the  duty  of  raising  and  equip- 
ment of  troops.  Notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  a  part  of  the  population  of  Indiana 
was  tired  with  loyal  enthusiasm,  a  very 
large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  sympa- 
thized with  the  South,  and  when  the  Ken- 
tucky neutrality  movement  started,  it  re- 
quired all  Morton's  common  sense  and 
strength  of  purpose  to  break  up  the  scheme 
for  a  zone  of  neutral  States  along  the 
border.      But  even  more  difficult  than  this 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIAN  \. 


89 


to  deal  with  was  the  "Copperhead"  ele- 
ment at  home.  The  loyalty  of  a  very 
large  section  of  the  Indiana.  Democracy 
was  not  only  questioned,  hut  very  ques- 
tionable, as  subsequent  events  have  shown, 
while  such  leaders  as  Voorhees  and  Hen- 
dricks, who  were  apparently  engaged  in 
masterly  inactivity,  were  more  or  less  in 
active  sympathy  with  the  various  con- 
spiracies that  nourished  under  the  succes- 
sive names  of  "Knights  of  the  Golden 
Circle  "  and  "Sons  of  Liberty." 

When  the  Democratic  convention  mel 
on  January  8,  1862,  Hendricks  sounded 
the  keynote  in  a  speech  that  foreshadowed 
the  Northwestern  conspiracy: 

Tin'  pride  and   -lory  of   the  past   Stand   side   by 

side  wiih  the  humiliation  and  debasemenl  of  the 
present.  *  *  *  Fanaticism,  bigotry  and  sec- 
tional hatred  are  doing  tin'  work  of  evil  upon  a 
great,  generous  ami  noble  people.  *  *  *  Docs 
mil  l  he  sobbing  voice  of  civil  liberty,  coming  from 
out  the  ruins  id'  a  violated  Constitution,  call  us  to 
the  rescue'.'  *  *  *  Can  we  as  patriots,  without 
an  effort  to  save  it,  surrender  our  country  'to  a 
party  whose  history  thus  far  is  written  in  failure, 
corruption  and  public  ruin?  *  *  *  We  are  now 
being  so  crushed  thai  it  we  ami  our  children  are 
not  to  become  the  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of 
water  for  I  he  capitalists  of  New  England  ami 
Pennsylvania,  we  must  look  to  the  interests  of  our 
section,  and  for  the  first  time  in  my  life,  I  intend 
to  speak  as  a  sectional  man.  *  *  *  To  encour- 
age and  stimulate  the  people  of  the  South  in  the 
production  of  their  peculiar  commodities,  that  they 
may  be  large  buyers  from  us.  has  been,  and  so 
long  as  "grass  grows  and  water  runs"  will  lie.  tin- 
true  interest  of  the  Northwest;  and  the  political 
party  thai  would  destroy  thai  market  is  our  great- 
est foe. 

Most  earnestly,  then,  do  1  call  upon  the  men  of 
Indiana  to  consider  what  President  Lincoln  seems 
to  favor,  what  Cameron  urges,  what  the  Repub- 
lican members  of  Congress  in  caucus  have  deter- 
mined upon,  and  what  bills  now  pending  in  Con- 
gress contemplate,  the  freedom  of  the  negroes  in 
the  rebel  Slates,  in  a  word  the  destruction  of 
Southern  labor  and  the  ruin  forever  of  our  rich 
trade  and  the  value  of  our  products.     *     *    * 

The  tirst  and  highest  interest  of  the  Northwest 
is  in  the  restoration  and  preservation  of  the  Union 
upon  the  basis  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  dee]) 
devotion  of  her  Democracy  to  the  cause  of  the 
Union  is  shown  by  its  fidelity  in  the  past;  tint  if 
the  failure  and  folly  and  wickedness  of  the  party 
in  potver    render    a     Union    impossible,    then    the 


miijhtij    Northwest    must   tak<    care   of    herself  and 

her  men  interests.  She  hum  nut  allow  the  arts 
and  finesse  of  New  England  to  despoil  her  of  her 
richest  commerce  and  trade  by  a  sectional  and  sel- 
fish policy-  Eastern  lust  of  power,  commerce  and 
gain. 

The  campaign  of  1862  resulted  disas- 
trously to  the  Republicans  and  brought  in 
a  Democratic  legislature  that  filled  all  the 
minor  elective  State  offices  with  Demo- 
crats. The  troubles  of  Morton  redoubled. 
In  the  legislature  violent  opposition  to  him 
developed  at  once.  The  House  declined  to 
receive  his  annual  message.  Bitterness 
was  increased  in  a  fight  over  the  election 
of  Senators.  Jesse  1).  Bright  had  died  and 
Morton  had  appointed  ex-Gov.  Wright, 
a  war  Democrat,  to  till  out  his  unexpired 
term.  The  Democrats  nominated  Turpie 
for  the  short  term  and  Hendricks  for  the 
long  term,  as  successor  of  Bright.  The 
Republicans  of  the  Semite  endeavored  to 
break  a  quorum  by  absenting  themselves, 
lint  the  Democrats  had  the  undoubted  right 
to  elect,  and  after  a  short  struggle  the  Re- 
publicans  returned  to  their  places  and  the 
election  proceeded.  Then  followed  a  series 
of  attacks  upon  the  financial  administra- 
tion of  the  State  which  were  produc- 
tive of  nothing.  A  number  of  arrests 
had  been  made  for  resisting  the  draft, 
discouraging  enlistments  and  other  dis- 
loyal practices  and  the  legislature  ap- 
pointed a  committee  of  inquiry  upon 
these  military  arrests.  The  report  of 
this  committee  went  to  the  verge  of 
treason  and  a  number  of  hills  were  intro- 
duced to  punish  arbitrary  arrests,  hut  they 
came  to  nothing.  Scores  of  grotesque 
resolutions  were  put  forward,  some  of  them 
containing  propositions  for  an  armistice. 
others  for  the  withdrawal  of  the  emanci- 
pation proclamation  and  others  for  peace 
conventions.  ( >ne  declared  that  the  con- 
scription law  was  subversive  of  State 
sovereignty,  and  that  its  enforcement 
should  he  resisted.  This  exhibition  of  dis- 
loyalty on  the  part  of  the  legislature 
brought    forth    the     strongest     kind     of 


90 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


protests  from  the  troops  in  the  field.     The 

climax  was  reached  when  a  military  lull 
was  introduced  taking  the  control  of  the 
military  forces  of  the  State  out  of  the  hands 
of  the  Governor  and  placing  it  in  an  exe- 
cutive board,  composed  of  the  Secretary  of 
State.  Auditor.  Treasurer  and  Attorney- 
General,  all  of  whom  were  Democrats,  and 
some  of  whom,  as  subsequent  events 
proved,  were  traitors  to  the  Union  cause. 
To  prevent  the  passage  of  this  hill  the  Re- 
publican  members  of  the  House  withdrew 
to  .Madison,  lnd.  There  were  negotiations 
for  return  in  order  to  pass  the  appropria- 
tion hills,  hut  they  came  to  nothing.  The 
Democrats  would  not  appropriate  a  penny 
unless  they  were  permitted  to  pass  the 
military  bill.  Jt  was  then  that  Morton 
proceeded  upon  tlie  theory  that  he  was  the 
State  and  carried  on  the  State  government 
until  the  campaign  of  1864  produced  a  Re- 
publican legislature.  The  precedent  had 
been  set  by  Governor  Willard  that  the  in- 
terest upon  the  State  debt  could  he  paid 
without  specific  appropriation  and  that  the 
appropriations  for  State  institutions  made 
by  tlie  last  preceding  legislature  should 
continue  in  force  upon  the  failure  of  any 
legislature  to  appropriate.  Attorney-Gen- 
eral Hord  rendered  an  opinion  upon  the  re- 
quest of  State  Auditor  Ristine  declaring 
this  practically  illegal  and  the  Auditor  re- 
fused to  draw  warrants  for  these  payments. 
A  collusive  suit  and  decision  by  the  Demo- 
cratic Supreme  Court  was  carried  through 
in  the  hope  of  forcing  Morton  to  call  an 
extra  session  of  the  legislature,  hut  he 
declined  to  do  it.  knowing  that  the  military 
hill  must  he  the  price  of  any  concession  in 
the  way  of  appropriations.  Morton  ob- 
tained an  advance  of  $250,000  from  the 
Federal  Government  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
ducting the  military  operations  of  tlie 
State.  In  his  effort  to  pay  the  interest  on 
the  State  deht  Morton  was  balked  for  a 
considerable  time  by  the  refusal  of  John 
( '.  Walker,  who  had  been  selected  as  State 
agent  by  the  legislature,  to  give  informa- 


tion as  to  whi  i  the  credit'  irsof  the  State  were. 
In  1865  the  Governor  finally  ohtained  the 
list  of  the  State's  creditors  from  the  Audi- 
tor of  the  State  and  the  banking  firm  of 
Winslow.     Lanier  &    Co..    of  New   York. 

advanced    *<',4n. for  the    payment     of 

this  interest. 

Morton  appointed  a  bureau  of  finance, 
with  W.  H.  Terrell  atitshead,  and  through 
this  bureau  he  made  collections  and  dis- 
bursements for  conducting  the  State  gov- 
ernment and  the  military  operations  of  the 
State.  Some  of  the  money  he  borrowed 
upon  his  personal  responsibility.  Some 
was  advanced  by  the  Federal  Government. 
Some  was  advanced  by  the  counties  of  the 
State  upon  an  appeal  from  the  Governor. 
Some  of  it  was  the  profits  of  the  State  ar- 
senal which  the  legislature  of  1863  had 
fortunately  declined  to  accept  as  property 
of  the  State. 

But  the  greatest  difficulty  with  winch 
Morton  had  to  deal  was  treason  in  high 
places.  Indiana  seemed  tobethehead  and 
center  of  the  treasonable  organization,  and 
the  plots  permeated  to  some  extent  the 
States  of  Ohio.  Indiana  and  Illinois.  The 
first  of  these  organizations  was  known  as 
the  Knights  of  the  Golden  Circle,  which  had 
been  started  in  the  South  in  1858  by  one 
Charles  C.  Bickley,  an  immigrant  from 
Boonecounty,  Indiana,  [t  had  an  elaborate 
ritual  with  a  lot  of  mummery  and  finally 
three  degrees  were  evolved.  Upon  theoul 
break  of  the  war  the  order  spread  into  In- 
diana, but  its  secrets  and  rituals  were  ex- 
posed and  it  died  a  natural  death  early  in  the 
war.  though  SO  great  was  the  influence  of 
its  exposure  upon  the  people  that  the  var- 
ious treasonable  orders  that  succeeded  it  . 
were  usually  known  as  "  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle."  The  organization  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  ( Irder  of  American  Knights. 
audit  was  by  the  officers  of  this  order  that 
the  plot  for  a  Northwestern  confederacy 
was  conceived.  The  members  of  the  mili- 
tary degz*ee  of  this  order  were  to  lie  armed, 
hut  it  in  turn  was  exposed  and  gave  way 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


9] 


to  the  order  of  the  "  Sons  of  Liberty."    It 
was  proven  that  many  of  the  most  promi- 
nent Democrats  in  the  State  were  members 
of  this  order,   among  them    Secretary  of 
State    Athon,    Auditor   of    State  Ristine, 
Attorney-General      Hord.     State     Agent 
JohnC.  Walker,  Chairman  J.  J.  Bingham, 
of  the  Democratic  State  committee,  Con- 
gressman Michael  C.   Kerr.  D.  W.  Voor- 
hees  and  others  of  equal  prominence.     The 
membership  of  Voorhees  was  never  proven. 
but  a  lot  of  the  treasonable  documents  of 
the   conspirators    were    found   in   his  law- 
office  at  Terre  Haute  and  his  private  cor- 
respondence,  seized  by  General   Carring- 
ton,  showed  that  he  was  in  close  touch  with 
the  conspiracy.      The  most  active  spirits 
in  Indiana  were  Harrison  H.    Dodd,   Dr. 
W.  A.  Bowles  and  John   C.  Walker.      A 
conspiracy  for  an  armed   uprising  in    In- 
diana, Illinois  and  Missouri  was  hatched. 
The  first  date  set  for  this  uprising  was  J  uly 
20th,    1864;  then  it  was  postponed    until 
August  16,  and  again  postponed  until  Aug- 
ust '20.     Morton  was  extremely  active  in 
tracing  the  conspiracy  and    had    a   large 
number   of    government    detectives   con- 
stantly at  work.     A  number  of  these.  n<  »ta- 
bly  Stidger  and  Coffin,  became  members 
of  the  order  and  were  admitted   to   high 
places    in    its    councils.      On    August    20 
Morton  was  notified  of  a  shipment  of  arms 
to  Dodd  of  Indianapolis.      These  arms  were 
seized  and  the  conspiracy  exposed.    The  ar- 
rest of  Dodd  followed  and  in  the  course  of 
a  few  days  W.  A.  Bowles,  Andrew  Hum- 
phries,  Horace  Heffren,   J.   J.   Bingham, 
L.   P.   Milligan,   Stephen  Horsey.  W.    H. 
Harrison  and  others  were  arrested.     Bing- 
ham was  soon   released  and  gave  valuable 
evidence  against  his  old  associates.    Bowles. 
Humphries,  Heffren.  Milligan  and  Horsey 
were  found  guilty   by   the  military  com- 
mission  appointed   to  try  them.     Bowles, 
Milligan    and     Horsey    were    condemned 
to  death  and  Humphries  to  imprisonment 
for  life.     In  the  case  of   Humphries,  the 
General  commanding  his  district  changed 


it  to  confinement  within  two  townships. 
With  the  active  assistance  of  Gov.  Mor- 
ton. President  Johnson  was  persuaded  to 
postponethe  execution.  The  war  was  over 
and  Morton  could  see  no  public  purpose  to 

be  subserved  by   the  execution  of  ill''   men. 

Heffren  was  pardoned  by  President  John- 
son; Bowles  and  Milligan's  death  sentence 
was  commuted  to  life  imprisonment,  and 
they  were  afterwards  released  by  a  decision 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  to 
the  effect  that  a  military  commission  had  no 
jurisdiction  to  try  them.  The  exposure  of 
this  treason  just  before  the  election  of  1864 
helped  the  Republican  party  greatly. 
Morton  was  re-elected  Governor  by  over 
20,000  votes  and  a  Republican  legislature 
was  elected,  of  which  John  U.  Pettit,  of 
Wabash,  was  made  Speaker.  This  legis- 
lature appointed  an  investigating  commit- 
tee to  investigate  the  financial  operations 
of  the  Governor.  They  found  thathehad 
collected  over  $457,0000  and  every  penny 
of  it  was  accounted  for.  A  bill  was  passed 
repaying  Winslow,  Lanier  &  Co.  for  the 
money  they  had  advanced  to  meet  the  inter- 
est on  the  State  debt  and  the  entire  finan- 
cial accounts  of  the  State  were  straightened 
out.  thus  sustaining  Governor  Morton  in 
everything  he  had  done. 


BAKER'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

During  the  summer  of  1865  Governor 
Morton  was  seized  with  paralysis  and  went 
to  Europe,  partly  for  his  health,  and  partly 
upon  a  mission  forthe Federal  (  rovernment. 
He  returned  to  Indiana  in  the  spring  of 
L866  and  participated  in  the  campaign  of 
that  year,  in  which  the  Republicans  were 
again  successful.  The  legislature  thai  met 
in  Im'w  elected  Morton  to  the  Senate  with- 
out opposition.      This  body  also  continued 

the  g 1  work   of  that   of    1865,  ratifying 

the  new  constitutional  amendments  and 
setting  the  State  government  in  order. 
During  Morton's  absence  the  routine  work 


92 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    I'AKTY 


of  the  Governor's  chair  had  been  ably  car- 
ried on  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  Conrad 
Baker,  and  upon  Morton's  election  to  the 
Senate,  he  assumed  the  Governorship. 
During  the  first  two  years  of  his  adminis- 
tration he  was  actively  engaged  in 
straightening  out  the  financial  affairs  of 
the  State  and  putting  them  upon  a  good 
footing.  It  was  during  the  stormy  days 
of  reconstruction  and  was  a  critical  period 
in  the  history  of  the  State.  The  Four- 
teenth Amendment  came  up  in  the  legisla- 
ture immediately  after  he  assumed  office 
in  1867,  and  it  was  adopted  only  after  a 
desperate  struggle  in  the  legislature.  It 
was  during  this  session  of  the  legislature 
that  an  appropriation  was  made  for  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Terre  Haute;  an- 
other for  the  erection  of  a  Soldiers'  Home 
and  another  for  the  establishment  of  a 
Boys'  Reformatory.  Another  important 
bit  of  legislation  required  the  registration 
of  voters  prior  to  each  election,  but  this 
latter  was  declared  unconstitutional  by  the 
Supreme  Court.  The  attempted  impeach- 
ment of  President  Johnson  took  placedur- 
ing  this  administration  and  caused  great 
political  excitement  throughout  the  State. 
In  the  spring  of  1868  there  was  an  out- 
break of  lawlessness  and  train  robbing  in 
the  southern  counties  that  gave  rise  to  vig- 
ilance committees  and  ended  in  a  general 
lynching  of  four  robbers  at  New  Albany. 
In  1868  Lieutenant-Governor  Baker  was 
nominated  for  Governor  and  was  elected 
after  a  very  bitter  campaign. 

The  legislature  of  lsc.O  was  full  of  tur- 
bulence; the  first  trouble  arose  over  the 
election  of  a  United  States  Senator.  There 
were  numerous  candidates  before  the  Re- 
publican caucus,  but  its  choice  fell  upon 
Hon.  Will  Cumback,  who  bad  been  one  of 
the  candidates  for  the  Gubernatorial  nomi- 
nation. During  the  ante-convention  cam- 
paign Mr.  Cumback  had  written  a  letterto 
(biv.  Baker  suggesting  an  arrangement 
by  which  Baker  should  be  nominated  for 
Governor  and  Cumback  go  to  the  Senate. 


After  the  caucus  nomination  was  made  and 
before  the  formal  election  of  Governor, 
Baker  turned  this  letter  over  to  one  of  his 
friends  and  it  was  read  upon  the  floor  of 
the  State  Senate.  It  created  a  great  sen- 
sation, although  there  was  nothing  in  the 
suggestion  further  than  a  plain  political 
bargain  such  as  had  been  made  between 
Lane  and  Morton  in  I860  and  carried  out. 
However,  the  reading  of  this  letter  gave 
an  excuse  to  the  opponents  of  Cumback  for 
declining  to  vote  for  him  and  after  much 
trouble  and  negotiation,  the  caucus  selected 
Hon.  Daniel  1).  Pratt,  then  a  Congressman 
from  the  Logansport  district,  and  he  went 
to  the  Senate.  But  the  troubles  of  the 
legislature  only  began  here.  Congress 
bad  passed  the  Fifteenth  Amendment,  giv- 
ing the  right  of  suffrage  to  negroes,  and 
when  this  amendment  came  up  for  ratifi- 
cation in  the  legislature  it  was  opposed 
with  desperate  bitterness  by  the  Demo- 
cratic minority.  The  struggle  culminated 
in  a  threat  of  the  Democrats  to  resign  in  a 
body  if  the  issue  was  forced.  The  threats 
made  on  both  sides  were  carried  out.  The 
Republicans  brought  the  matter  to  a  vote 
and  seventeen  Democratic  Senators  and 
thirty-six  Democratic  Representatives  re- 
signed in  a  body  on  the  4th  of  March,  leav- 
ing the  legislature  without  a  quorum. 
No  appropriation  bills  had  been  passed. 
Governor  Baker  met  the  crisis  by  issuing 
writs  for  special  elections  and  called  a 
special  session  tomeet  April  8th.  Thecon- 
stituents  of  the  Democrats  who  had  re- 
signed promptly  re-elected  them  and  when 
the  special  session  met,  affairs  were  in  no 
better  shape.  Before  the  new  members 
would  take  the  oath  of  office  they  demanded 
that  the  appropriation  bills  should  be  passed 
before  the  question  of  ratification  should 
be  brought  up.  The  appropriation  bills 
were  passed  and  two  important  measures 
were  put  through:  one  to  establish  a  female 
prison  and  the  other  to  establish  an  agri- 
cultural college,  known  now  as  Purdue 
University    at    LaFayette.      As   soon    as 


OF   THE    STATE   OF   INDIANA. 


93 


these  measures  were  out  of  the  way  the 
Democrats  tiled  their  resignations  with  the 
Governor  and  the  ratification  question  was 
brought  up  by  the  Republicans.  Senator 
Morton  had  come  from  Washington  to  take 
a  hand  in  the  fight.  Under  his  advice 
Governor  Baker  failed  to  report  the  resig 
nations  to  the  two  Houses.  The  resigna- 
tions were  received  on  the  night  of  the  18th 
of  May,  but  the  Democratic  Senators  made 
the  mistake  of  coming  to  the  Senate  Cham- 
ber the  next  morning.  Suddenly  the  doors 
of  the  Chamber  were  locked  and  the  rati- 
fication resolution  was  brought  up  and  put 
through  before  they  could  escape.  They 
protested  that  they  had  resigned,  but  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  declared  that  he  had 
not  been  notified  of  that  fact,  and  they 
were  still  members.  Before  the  resolution 
could  be  taken  to  the  House  the  Democrats 
vacated  the  hall.  This  left  no  quorum 
present  but  the  Speaker  of  the  House, 
Geo.  A.  Buskirk,  declared  that  a  quorum 
of  the  de  facto  members  was  present  and 
the  resolution  was  declared  carried.  The 
legislature  elected  in  1870  was  Democratic 
in  both  branches.  The  Democrats  caught 
the  Republicans  of  the  Senate  napping  in 
the  same  way,  locked  the  doors  and  passed 
a  resolution  rescinding  the  ratification. 
The  Republican  members  of  the  House,  to 
the  number  of  thirty-four,  hastily  resigned 
and  got  away  before  the  matter  could  be 
taken  up  there,  leaving  the  House  without 
a  quorum. 

A  MIXED  GOVERNMENT. 

In  1872  the  Democrats  elected  Hen- 
dricks Governor,  but  the  Republicans  cap- 
tured the  minor  State  offices  and  the  legis- 
lature. Governor  Baker  called  a  special 
session  in  November  at  which  the  salary 
of  the  Governor  was  raised  from  $3, 000  to 
$5,000.  The  most  notable  act  of  the 
legislature  of  1873  was  the  passage  of  the 
celebrated  temperance  bill,  known  as  the 
Baxter  law,   the  first  temperance  legisla- 


tion that  had  been  enacted  since  the  pro- 
hibitory measure  of  1855,  which  had 
proven  such  a  failure.  The  Baxter  law- 
was  extremely  stringent  in  its  restrain!  of 
the  liquor  traffic.  It  received  the  unani- 
mous support  of  the  Republicans  and  a 
good  many  of  the  Democratic  votes  and 
was  approved  by  Governor  Hendricks.  It 
proved  very  disastrous  to  the  Republican 
party  and  the  election  of  1874  produced  a 
legislature  Democratic  in  both  branches 
and  filled  all  the  State  offices  with  Demo- 
crats. The  legislature  of  1*75  did  practi- 
cally nothing  except  to  repeal  the  Baxter 
law.  The  campaign  of  1  s 7 < >  was  a  very 
liitter  one  and  resulted  in  the  election  of 
Williams,  a  Democrat,  as  Governor.  The 
Republicans  captured  the  House,  but  the 
Senate  remained  Democratic.  The  legis- 
lative session  with  the  two  Houses  politi- 
cally opposed  to  each  other  was  a  very 
turbulent  one,  and  the  only  bill  of  any 
moment  passed  was  the  measure  for  the 
erection  of  a  new  State  House.  The  clos- 
ing hours  of  the  legislature  gave  rise  to  a 
memorable  struggle.  Two  years  later  a 
Senator  was  to  be  elected  and  it  was  im- 
portant for  each  party  to  control  as  many 
as  possible  of  the  hold-over  Senators,  who 
would  be  members  of  the  succeeding  legis- 
lature. The  Democrats  had  a  majority  in 
the  legislature  and  were  contesting  two 
of  the  seats  to  which  Republicans  bad  been 
elected.  Finally  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee unseating  these  two  Republicans 
was  brought  in.  The  Lieutenant!  rovernor 
was  a  Republican  and  was  presiding.  E. 
B.  Martindale  got  the  floor  when  the  reso- 
lution was  introduced  and  talked  all  night. 
He  would  talk  steadily  for  about  two  hours 
and  then  have  the  clerk  read  for  a  couple 
of  hours  from  the  voluminous  testimony 
taken,  and  then  go  ahead  and  talk  a  couple 
of  hours  longer.  So  great  was  the  hubbub 
in  the  Senate  Chamber  that  nobody  could 
hear  his  voice  and  it  really  mattered  little 
whether  he  was  talking  or  not.  so  long  as 
his  lips   went  through  the  motions.      The 


94 


HISTORY    <>F   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


next  day  other  Republicans  were  recog- 
nized one  after  another,  and  they  held 
the  floor  nearly  all  day.  The  Democrats 
finally  saw  that  it  was  possible  for  the  Re- 
publicans to  hold  the  floor  and  talk  until 
the  legislative  session  should  expire  by 
constitutional  limitation  and  a  compromise 
was  finally  reached  by  which  one  of  the 
members  was  unseated  and  the  other  per- 
mitted to  retain  his  seat.  The  trouble  was 
largely  unnecessary,  for  in  the  campaign 
of  Isys  the  Democrats  gained  a  heavy 
majority  in  the  legislature  and  1).  W. 
Vborhees,  who  had  been  appointed  by 
( rovernor  Williams  upon  the  death  of  Sena- 
tor Morton  in  November,  1>77.  was  elected 
to  the  Senate,  and  served  a  period  of 
eighteen  years,  until  1895. 

PORTER'S    ADMINISTRATION. 

In  lssn  the  Republicans  elected  Hon. 
Albert  G.  Porter  as  Governor  and 
succeeded  in  carrying  the  legislature. 
They  repeated  the  mistake  they  had  made 
in  1873  of  going  too  deeply  into  the  sub- 
ject of  temperance  legislation.  A  hill  was 
passed  for  a  prohibition  amendment  to  the 
constitution.  This  aroused  great  oppo- 
sition on  the  part  of  the  German  popula- 
tion and  the  next  session  of  the  legislature 
was  heavily  Democratic  in  both  branches. 
The  proposed  amendment  came  to  naught, 
as  it  died  in  the  session  of  L883. 

It  was  during  Porter's  administration 
that  the  long  struggle  began  between  the 
legislature  and  the  Governor  over  appoint- 
ments to  office.  There  were  certain  minor 
offices,  such  as  the  members  of  the  prison 
hoards.  State  Geologist,  State  Statistician, 
State  Oil  Inspector,  and  members  of  other 
hoards  that  were  not  constitutional,  hut 
had  been  created  by  legislative  enactment. 
The  legislature  of  1883  took  the  appoint- 
ment of  all  these  offices  out  of  the  Governor's 
hands,  reserving  to  itself  the  election  of 
some  of  them  and  placing  the  appointment 
of  others  in  the  hands  of  Democratic  officers. 


The  struggle  thus  begun  lasted  for  years, 
for  the  Democrats  succeeded  by  a  gerry- 
mander in  perpetuating  their  legislative 
power  for  twelve  years.  When  the  Gov- 
ernor happened  to  he  a  Democrat,  they 
would  return  to  him  the  power  of  appoint- 
ing some  or  all  of  these  officers,  hut  when 
he  was  a  Republican,  they  would  snatch 
the  power  from  his  hands.  This  session 
of  the  legislature  established  three  new 
hospitals  for  the  insane  at  Richmond, 
Logansport  and  Evansville.  This  partisan 
legislature  of  1883  took  the  management 
of  the  police  system  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  Republican  Mayor  of  Indianapolis  by 
the  establishment  of  a  metropolitan  police 
board.  The  election  of  18 84  gave  the  State 
government  in  all  its  branches  to  the 
Democrats,  but  in  lssO  the  Republicans 
succeeded  in  elect  ing  the  State  officers  and 
came  so  near  carrying  the  legislature  that 
it  gave  rise  to  the  tremendous  struggle 
over  the  Senatorship  in  L887  detailed  in  a 
preceding  chapter. 

HOVEY-CHASE     ADMINISTEATK  >N. 

In  1888  the  Republicans  succeeded  in 
electing  Alvin  P  Hovey  as  Governor  and 
the  struggle  with  the  legislature  over  the 
appointment  of  minor  State  officers  broke 
out  with  virulence,  culminating  in  warmly 
contested  litigation.  The  Supreme  Court- 
decided  that  the  offices  of  State  Geologist 
and  Statistician  should  be  filled  by  popular 
election,  but  the  Governor  did  not  succeed 
in  obtaining  the  power  of  appointing  the 
boards  of  trustees  for  State  charitable  in- 
stitutions and  prisons.  Naturally,  the  fact 
that  the  responsibility  for  the  management 
of  these  institutions  centered  in  the  legis- 
lature caused  them  to  become  extravagant 
and  in  some  instances  corrupt.  There  was 
a  crying  need  for  reform  in  all  of  them, 
but  this  contest  between  the  chief  executive 
and  the  legislature  prevented  the  intro- 
duction of  any  reforms.  The  gerrymander 
was  attacked  ill  the  courts  by  the  Repub- 


OF   THE    STATE    OE    INDIANA. 


95 


licans  and  after  much  litigation  a  decision 
was  reached  wiping  out  all  the  apportion- 
ment laws  since  that  of  18S5.  The  Re- 
publicans carried  the  legislature  of  1895. 
They  passed  a  new  apportionment  law. 
which  the  Supreme  Court  again  demol- 
ished. The  appointment  of  the  prison 
hoards  was  vested  in  a  hoard  of  State  offi- 
cers, who  were  Republicans,  and  the  man- 
agement of  the  State  charitable  institutions 
was  placed  in  the  hands  ofhonesl  partisan 
boards  appointed  by  the  Governor.  Thus 
the  work  of  reform  in  the  State  institu- 
tions was  fairly  well  begun,  but  the  chief 
work  of  the  legislature  of  1895  lay  in  its 
financial  reforms,  and  the  State  then  be- 
gan a  period  of  debt  paying  that  has  more 
than  cut  in  two  the  State  debt  that  had 
piled  up  to  an  altitude  of  over  $8,000,000 
under  Democratic  rule.  This  legislature 
elected  Charles  W.  Fairbanks  Senator. 

GOVERNOR  M<  >TJNT . 

In  1896  the  Republicans  elected  Gov- 
ernor Mount  and  for  the  first  time  in  four- 
teen years  controlled  all  branches  of  the 
State  government.  All  appointments  for 
minor  offices  were  placed  where  they  be- 
longed, in  the  hands  of  the  Governor.  A 
metropolitan  police  bill  was  passed  for  all 
cities  of  more  than  10,000  population 
throughout  the  State,  the  appointment  of 


the  boards  being  vested  in  the  Governor. 

Very  great  reforms  and  economies  were 
introduced  in  the  management  of  the  State 
institutions.  It  was  to  another  Republi- 
can Governor  that  the  duty  fell  of  fur- 
nishing troops  to  the  Federal  Government 
for  war.  Governor  Mount  had  been  in 
office  but  a  little  over  a  year  when  the 
war  with  Spain  broke  out.  Indiana  was 
the  first  State  to  have  her  militia  mobilized, 
and  five  regiments  of  infantry  and  two 
batteries  of  artillery,  thoroughly  equipped 
and  disciplined,  were  ottered  and  accepted 
by  the  Government.  It  was  not  a  ques- 
tion of  obtaining  troops,  for  where  there 
was  a  call  for  one.  dozens  responded,  and 
the  hardest  task  the  Governor  had  was  in 
making  a  selection  among  the  companies 
who  offered  to  fill  up  the  regiments.  The 
legislature  of  L897  had  continued  vig- 
orously the  reform  work  begun  by  that  of 
18(J5,  and  when  the  Republicans  again 
elected  the  legislature  in  L899  this  work 
was  completed  and  the  State  institutions 
put  upon  a  basis  that  has  made  them 
models  for  other  States.  The  administra- 
tion of  Governor  .Mount  is  not  yet  com- 
pleted at  this  writing,  but  so  far  as  it  has 
gone  its  record  is  flawless  and  it  will  un- 
doubtedly stand  in  history  as  one  of  the 
wisest  and  best  administrations  that  the 
State  has  ever  known. 


INFLUENCE  UPON  NATIONAL  AFFAIRS. 


C1INCE  tin-  founding  of  the  Republican 
k  party  the  influence  of  Indiana  Republic- 
ans in  affairs  of  the  Nation  has  been  very 
marked.  Probably  m>  other  State  has. 
through  tin-  character  of  its  leaders  and 
the  greatness  of  their  achievements,  had 
more  to  do  with  shaping  the  National 
policies  of  the  party  and  the  statesmanship 
of  the  country. 

At  the  very  first  National  meeting  of 
Republicans  held  in  Pittsburg  in  February 
of  1856,  the  influence  of  Indiana  was 
strongly  felt.  Lane.  Morton,  Julian.  Test 
and  others  of  the  brilliant  coteriethat  gave 
strength  and  virility  to  the  movement  of 
Indiana,  were  conspicuous  figures  in  this 
conference.  When  the  National  conven- 
tion, called  by  this  conference,  met  at 
Philadelphia  in  the  following  June,  Lane, 
of  Indiana,  was  made  its  permanent  presi- 
dent, and  the  voice  of  Indiana  was  power- 
ful in  outlining  the  great  battle  fought  for 
freedom.  Four  years  later,  when  the  Re- 
publican convention  met  in  Chicago,  and 
it  was  generally  thought  that  Seward 
would  be  the  nominee  of  the  party,  it  was 
the  influence  of  Indiana,  more  than  that 
of  any  other  State,  that  turned  the  tide 
toward  Lincoln.  Lane  and  Morton  had 
already  been  nominated  as  leaders  of  the 
State  ticket,  and  understood  thoroughly 
what  a  tremendous  fight  they  had  on  hand 
in  Indiana.  They  were  convinced  that  if 
the  new  party  was  to  win  it  must  be  with 
a  Western  man.  They  knew  Lincoln  and 
saw  in  him  the  great  qualities  of  leader- 
ship that  the  whole  country  afterwards 
came  to  recognize.  In  their  efforts  they 
found  an  ally  in  Pennsylvania,  for  Cur- 
tin  was  the  nominee  for  Governor.  These 
three  visited  every  delegation  in  Chicago 
and  pleaded  effectively  the  cause  of  Lin- 
coln with  the  result  that  he  was  nomi- 
nated. In  1^14  there  was  no  question  of 
who  should  be  the  nominee  or  what  the 
party  policy  should  be. 


In  1868  the  Indiana  Republicans  made 
their  first  demand  for  a  place  on  the  Na- 
tional ticket.  Schuyler  Colfax,  who  had 
served  ably  through  the  war  as  Speaker  of 
the  House,  was  put  forward  for  the  Vice- 
Presidency.  Every  leader  of  the  party  in 
Indiana  gave  him  loyal  support  and  so 
well  were  their  forces  organized  that  the 
prize  was  captured.  In  1^7iJ  Indiana  sup- 
ported Grant  with  unanimity  and  he  owed 
his  renomination  largely  to  the  effective 
work  of  the  Indiana  leaders.  In  1876  the 
State  put  forward  Morton  as  a  Presidential 
candidate  and  made  a  strong  and  honora- 
ble fight  for  his  nomination.  Though  it 
was  found  impossible  to  nominate  Morton, 
it  was  found  equally  impossible  to  nomi- 
nate his  principal  opponents,  and  a  com- 
promise was  finally  reached  upon  Hayes, 
of  Ohio.  The  death  of  Morton  prevented 
Indiana  from  having  a  candidate  in  1880 
and  the  forces  of  the  State  were  organized 
under  John  C.  New  in  the  support  of 
Grant  and  stood  as  an  integral  part  of 
the  famous  306  that  voted  for  Grant — first, 
last  and  all  the  time.  In  1888  Indi- 
ana had  two  Presidential  candidates — 
Harrison  and  Gresham.  Harrison  had 
served  the  State  in  the  United  States  Sen- 
ate six  years.  He  had  taken  the  forlorn 
hope  for  the  Governorship  a  dozen  years 
before,  and  had  been  so  closely  identified 
with  the  politics  of  the  State  that  most  of 
the  old  leaders  clung  to  his  standard. 
Gresham  had  been  for  many  years  on  the 
Federal  Bench  and  had  removed  from 
Indiana  to  Illinois.  In  the  preliminary 
fight  for  control  of  the  Indiana  delegation 
Harrison  won,  but  the  battle  was  only  be- 
gun. John  C.  New,  who  had  been  twice 
chairman  of  the  State  committee,  took  the 
management  of  General  Harrison's  cam- 
paign at  Chicago  and  was  ably  seconded 
by  nearly  all  the  Republican  leaders  of 
the  State.  So  adroit  and  so  effective  was 
their  work  that  the  Harrison  sentiment  in 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA.  !)7 

the  convention  gradually  grew,  ballot  af-  money  sentimenl  was  presumably  very 
ter  ballot,  until  be  wasfinally  nominated,  strong,  bad  declared  for  sound  and  stable 
In  L892  tbe  National  Convention  was  held  things,  renewed  the  courage  of  the  sound- 
at  Minneapolis,  and  Indiana  sent  a  solid  money  people  throughout  the  country  and 
delegation  in  favor  of  the  renomination  of  gave  them  a  powerful  argument.  When 
Harrison.  Tbe  Columbia  Club,  of  Indi-  tbe  resolutions  committee  was  formed  at 
anapolis,  chartered  a  special  train  that  St.  Louis  Gen.  Lew  Wallace  was  named 
wentto  Minneapolis  loaded  with  supporters  as  a  member  from  Indiana  There  was 
of  tbe  President.  There  was  much  maneuv-  no  question  as  to  the  sentiment  of  the  corn- 
ering at  Minneapolis  on  the  part  of  the  mittee  for  sound  money,  but  there  was  a 
opponents  of  Harrison  in  the  effort  to  nom-  very  serious  question  about  its  courage  and 
inate  Blaine,  but  tins  was  all  exploded  by  it  was  equally  divided  between  those  who 
the  famous  Market  Hall  meeting  held  be-  believed  in  a  courageous  declaration  for 
fore  the  sessions  of  the  convention  began,  the  gold  standard  and  those  who  favored 
where  a  large  majority  of  the  delegates  to  an  equivocal  plank  thai  might  be  inter- 
the  convention  stood  up  and  pledged  them-  preted  to  mean  something  or  nothing, 
selves  to  Harrison.  The  vote  of  Gen.  Wallace  finally  turned 
In  L896  Harrison  declined  to  permit  the  scale  in  favor  ot  a  straight  gold  stand- 
Indiana  to  present  his  name.  His  letter  ard  declaration.  Thus  it  was  the  voice 
to  this  effect  was  published  as  early  as  of  Indiana  that  decided,  and  decided  cor- 
February.  TheState  conventions  through  rectly,  the  greatest  issue  that  has  come  be- 
out  the  country  began  to  declare  in  favor  fore  the  American  people  since  the  ('ivil 
of  McKinley,  and   Indiana  finally  swung  War. 

into  line  when   her  State  convention   was  ,  ,  „„,,,    ,„T       .  ,  ,  ,       „„    ,, 

,,,,,.                                              ,  ADMINISTRATE  F   AFFAIRS, 
held,    and    by    her    declaration   made   the 

nomination  of  McKinley  a  foregone  con-  In  tbe   work    of  National    administra- 

clusion.      At  this  time  it  was  rather  in  the  tion    Indiana    has   been    honored   with   the 

forming  of  a  platform  than  in  the  making  Presidency  and    Vice- Presidency,     a  con- 

of  a  nominee  that  Indiana's  influence  was  siderable  number  of  cabinet  appointments, 

most  potent.     Tbe  free  silver  question  had  many  of  the  highest  diplomatic  stations  in 

arisen  and  swept  over  the  country  like  a  the  service  of  the  country  and  a  very  large 

whirlwind.      When  the  Indiana  State  con-  number  of  minor    administrative    offices. 

vention  met  the  agitation  was  at  its  height,  Chief  of  these,  of  course,  is  the  adminis- 

and   while  the  general  sentiment   of  the  tration  of  Gen.   Benjamin  Harrison  in  the 

party   of   Indiana    favored    sound    money  Presidential  chair. 

and    a    declaration    for    gold,    not  a   few  General    Harrison    assumed     office  on 

of  the  leaders   feared   that   such   a    course  March  4.   1889,  and  his  inaugural  address 

would  alienate  a  large  percentage  of  the  gave  tbe  country  an  earnest  of  what  might 

Republican  agricultural  vote.      However,  he  expected  from  him.      The  address  was 

when  it  came  to  making  a  platform,  the  upon  a  high  plane  of  statesmanship,  showed 

Indiana  Republicans  had   the  courage  of  a  breadth  of  mind  ami  depth  of  energy  in 

their  convict  ion  and  declared  unequivocally  dealing  with  the  great  questions  before  the 

for  sound  money,      [t  is  impossible  to  over-  country,    and   withal    a    moderation    and 

estimate  tbe  effect  of  this  declaration  upon  strength    of   purpose    that     convinced   the 

the  National  convention  which    met  at  St.  country  that    il    had    made   no   mistake   in 

Louisa   few   weeks   later.      The   fact   that  elevating  him  to  the  highest  office  within 

Indiana,    always    a    doubtful    State    and  its  gift.      Thisview   was  more  than  justi- 

situated   in    the    West,    where     the  cheap-  lied  by   the   administration    that   followed, 


98 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


and  thf  tame  of  General  Harrison,  as  one 
of  the  wisest  and  best  Presidents  the  Re- 
public lias  ever  had.  is  secure  for  all  time. 
In  this  inaugural  Gen.  Harrison  spoke  of 
the  treasury  surplus  and  declared  that 
while  it  was  not  the  greatest  of  evils,  yet 
ir  was  an  evil  that  should  be  remedied  by 
a  proper  tariff  revision,  such  a  revision  as 
would  give  the  country  all  possible  trade 
advantages  and  not  disturb  existing  busi- 
ness conditions.  He  advised  as  rapid  work 
upon  the  newnaval  armament  as  was  con- 
sistent with  good  results  and  urged  meas- 
ures that  would  tend  to  restore  the  mer- 
chant marine.  The  first  important  event 
of  the  administration  was  the  opening  <  >f  the 
( iklahoma  lands  to  settlement  Shortly 
after  the  beginning  of  the  administration 
that  famous  Pan-American  conference 
gathered  in  Washington  and  remained  in 
session  for  six  months.  At  the  same  time 
the  maritime  conference  for  the  revision 
of  international  navigation  rules  gathered 
at  the  country's  capital.  These  two 
conventions  brought  together  representa- 
tives of  thirteen  nations,  and  both  were 
productive  <  >f  lasting  results  for  good.  The 
Pan-American  conference  formulated  rec- 
ommendations for  reciprocity,  and  pleaded 
for  international  railway  and  steamship 
lines,  for  an  international  American  bank 
to  introduce  better  methods  of  exchange 
between  the  Republics  of  the  American 
continent,  uniform  customs  regulations. 
uniform  nomenclature  for  articles  of  com- 
merce, better  postal  and  cable  connections, 
an  international  bureau  of  trade  and  an 
international  monetary  union.  All  these 
recommendations  were  transmitted  to 
Congress  by  President  Harrison  and 
strongly  supported  by  him.  Of  course  it 
was  impossible  that  all  the  recommenda- 
tions of  this  Congress  should  be  carried 
into  effect,  but  it  started  a  movement  that 
lias  already  been  productive  of  a  great  in- 
crease of  trade  between  the  different  coun- 
tries of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  The  in- 
tercontinental railroad  will  before  many 


years  be  an  established  fact.  New  steam- 
ship lines  have  been  established.  Cable 
connection  has  become  much  more  general 
and  postal  connection  has  become  greatly 
simplified.  The  project  of  a  monetary 
union  and  an  international  American  bank 
are  things  that  have  not  been  carried  out, 
but  are  bound  to  come  in  time.  During 
the  early  part  of  the  first  year  the  Sanioan 
question  was  settled  by  the  treaty  of  Berlin. 
In  November  the  President  issued  a  procla- 
mation admitting  as  States  the  two  Dako 
tas,  Montana  and  Washington.  In  his 
annual  message  in  December  the  President 
enlarged  upon  the  field  opened  by  the  Pan- 
American  conference  then  in  session.  He 
reviewed  the  prosperity  of  the  country  at 
some  length.  He  noted  the  treasury  sur- 
plus of  $43,000,000.  He  called  attention 
to  the  need  of  better  coast  defenses.  He 
again  spoke  upon  the  necessity  of  building- 
up  a  merchant  marine.  In  this  message 
the  President  noted  the  decrease  of  bank 
circulation  and  called  attention  to  the  ne- 
cessity of  financial  legislation,  speaking  in 
strong  terms  of  the  danger  that  lay  in  the 
free  coinage  of  silver  and  a  large  increase 
in  the  silver  coinage.  He  called  attention 
to  the  formation  of  what  are  known  as 
Trusts  and  asked  for  prohibitory  anil  penal 
legislation  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
these  gi-eat  monopolies.  The  session  of 
Congress  following  this  message  was  an 
extremely  busy  one.  The  McKinley  tariff 
bill  was  framed  and  passed,  as  was  the 
Sherman  silver  purchase  bill.  In  July  the 
President  sent  a  special  message  on 
the  subject  of  lotteries  and  thus  began 
the  war  that  soon  resulted  in  the  suppres- 
sion of  the  evil.  In  diplomatic  lines  the 
administration  was  busy  raising  the  em- 
bargo on  American  pork  in  Europe  and  in 
opening  negotiations  concerning  the  seal- 
ing in  Behring  Sea.  The  relations  between 
the  President  and  Congress  were  very  cor- 
dial and  the  only  occasion  he  found  for 
veto  lay  in  a  few  public  building  grabs 
and  efforts  to  put    through  questionable 


UK    THE    STATE    UK    INDIANA. 


99 


financial  schemes  in  the  Territories.  In 
the  autumn  of  1890  the  Sioux  lands  were 
thrown  open  to  settlement  by  proclama- 
tion of  the  President.  All  through  his 
administration  President  Harrison  pursued 
the  steady  policy  of  reducing  the  large  In- 
dian reservation  by  purchase  and  treaty 
and  throwing  the  new  lands  thus  acquired 
open  to  the  settlement  of  home  seekers. 
In  his  second  annual  message  General 
Harrison  found  occasion  to  note  the  favor- 
aide  progress  of  the  Behring  Sea  negotia- 
tions and  noted  the  purchase  made  on 
account  of  the  Delagoa  Bay  incident.  In 
the  Portuguese  territory,  on  the  Southeast 
coast  of  Africa,  the  concession  for  building 
a  railroad  had  been  granted  to  an  Ameri- 
can citizen.  When  the  road  was  nearly  com- 
pleted the  Portuguese  government  seized 
it.  The  United  States  and  Great  Britain 
joined  in  a  strong  protest  and  succeeded 
in  obtaining  full  indemnity  from  the  gov- 
ernment of  Portugal.  The  President  again 
spoke  of  the  importance  of  building  up 
American  steamship  lines  and  called  at- 
tention to  the  necessity  of  some  better 
supervision  of  Federal  elections.  He  noted 
the  passage  of  the  Sherman  silver  pur- 
chase act,  hut  said  that  it  was  too  early 
to  prognosticate  its  results.  He  made  a 
brief  but  able  defense  of  the  McKinley 
tariff  act.  which  had  been  so  wildly  mis- 
represented in  the  campaign  of  IS90  and 
predicted  for  it  excellent  results.  It  was 
but  a  short  time  afterwards  that  an  ad- 
vantageous treaty  of  reciprocity  was  ne- 
gotiated with  Brazil  and  there  followed  in 
quick  succession  other  reciprocal  treaties 
with  San  Domingo;  with  Spain  for  Cuba 
and  Porto  Rico:  with  Great  Britain  for 
her  West  India  possessions:  with  Guate- 
mala, Salvador.  Nicaragua.  Germany  and 
Austria-Hungary.  During  the  spring  of 
1891  the  Behring  Sea  negotiations  reached 
the  acute  stage,  but  all  trouble  was  finally 
avoided  in  June  when  the  modus  vivandi 
was  agreed  upon  which  later  resulted  in  a 
complete  arbitration  of  the  whole  subject 


together  with  the  Canadian  boundary. 
About  the  same  time  an  agreement  was 
reached  with  Venezuela  tor  a  settlement 
of  the  Venezuelan  claims  that  had  so  long 
been  pending.  In  his  third  message  the 
President  reviewed  his  plea  for  legislation 
on  the  Nicaraguan  Canal  and  urged  lib- 
eral preparations  for  work  on  the  new 
navy.  He  spoke  in  favor  of  a  postal  tel- 
egraph system,  and  reviewed  at  some 
length  the  prosperity  of  the  country.  He 
called  attention  to  the  continued  fall  of 
silver  despite  the  Sherman  purchase  act 
and  recommended  the  earnest  attention  of 
Congress  to  the  subject,  but  declared  that 
an  effort  upon  the  part  of  this  country 
alone  to  go  into  free  coinage  of  silver  would 
prove  disastrous.  During  the  next  year 
the  administration  invited  an  interna- 
tional monetary  conference  to  meet  at 
Brussels,  but  its  sessions  were  not  finished 
until  after  the  close  of  the  administration. 
The  most  startling  diplomatic  incident  of 
the  administration  came  in  October  of  L891 
and  was  not  finally  closed  until  several 
months  later  Chile  had  just  undergone 
a  revolution  and  some  of  the  officers  of  the 
government  overthrown  had  found  an  asv- 
lum  upon  American  warships  in  the  harbor 
of  Valparaiso.  This  had  aroused  the  ani- 
mosity of  some  of  the  Chileans  and  on 
October  l<i,  while  a  number  of  seamen 
from  the  L  nited  States  cruiser  Baltimore 
were  in  the  city  on  shore  leave,  they  were 
simultaneously  attacked  in  various  parts 
of  the  city.  Several  were  killed  and  a 
number  were  wounded.  President  Harri- 
son at  once  demanded  an  apology  and 
reparation,  hut  the  Chilean  minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs  answered  with  an  offensive 
note.  This  brought  forth  from  the  Pres- 
ident an  ultimatum  that  meant  war  or  a 
back-down  on  the  part  of  Chile.  Natur- 
ally Chile  backed  down,  made  a  thorough 
apology  and  voted  an  indemnity  of  $75,000 
to  the  families  of  the  seamen  killed  and 
wounded  in  tin1  riot.  In  the  tour  years 
that  followed  the  Harrison  administration 


10(1  HISTORY    OP  THE    KEPUBL1CAN    PARTY 

the  people  had  occasion  to  look  back  upon       New   York  Cotton   Exchange,  estimates  the  .nu„ 

,      !  .  „  ,,     ,  ,       ber  of  working  spindles  in  the  United  States  on 

the  high  type  o!   prosperity  thai  reigned      geptembei.  h  lgu2i  a1  15>200> ,  an  illrn,ls„  „, 

during  the  last  years  of  this  regime.  The  guo,000  over  the  year  1891.  The  consumption  (it- 
President  himself  covered  the  subject  very  cotton   by   American   mills   in   1891    was  2.396,000 

thoroughly  in  his  last  message,   thus:  bales,  and  in  1892  ii.--.s4j hairs,  an  increase  of 

188,000  bales.     Prom  the  year  1869  to  1892,  inclu- 

The  total  wealth  of  the  country   in   1860  was  sive,  there  has  been  an  increase  in  the  consuinp- 

$16,159,016,068.    In    1890   h    amounted    ...   102.010-  ,i""   '"'   '•",,"n    ln    Europe   '"'   92   "'"'   Cent'    "'""" 

0. 00.  an  increase  of  287  per  cent.  durinS  ""'  s:l1""  Period  ""'  leased  consumption 

The   total   mileage  of  railways  in   the   United  '"'  tne  United  States  nas  been  abou1  150  l"T  ••''",- 


The  reporl   of   ira   Ayer,  special  agenl   of  tl 
Tn 

thai  there  will  be  alioul  4,000  miles  of  track  added 


talis  in  1800  was  30,626.     In  1890  it  was  167,741, 

,.   .  lo  ,   .,  . Treasury  Department,  shows  thai   at   the  date  of 

n   Increase  01    lis  per  cent.;  anil   it    ts  estimated  ■         ' 

September  30,  1892,  there  were  32  companies  man 


nfacturing  tin  and  terne  plate  in  the  United  States 
ami  11  companies  building  new  works  for  such 
manufacture.     The  estimated  investment  in  build 


by  i in-  .-lose  (it  the  year  1892. 

,.   .   ,  ,,,  .,     ,,  anil    14   companies   huilihim    new    works   lor   siu-1 

The   official    returns   ol    the    Eleventh    Census 

.-mil   those  of   the  Tenth   Census   for   seventy-five 

leading  cities  furnish  the  basis  for  the  following 

comparisons: 

in  i ssi i  the  capital  invested  in  manufacturing 

was  $1,232,839,070. 


ings  and  plums  ai  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  June 
30,  1893,  if  cxisiiiiL;  conditions  wen-  to  be  con- 
tinued, was  $5,000,000  and  the  estimated  rale  of 
production   200,000,000   pounds   per   annum.     The 


■tual  production  for  the  quarter  ending  Septen 
i, 
was  $2,900,735,884. 


In  1S90  thr  capital  invested  in  manufacturing 

ber  30.  1802,  was  10,952,725  pounds 


The   reporl    of   Labor  Commissioner   Peck,   of 
lu  1890  the  number  of  employes  was  2,251,134 


In  18S0  tlic  number  of  employes  was  1,301,388. 

New    York,   shows   that   during   the  year  1891,   ii 


In  IS80  the  wages  can,,-,!   were  $501,965,778.  •''"""  6> manufacturing  establishments  in  that 

In  1S90  the  wages  earned  were  $1,221,170,454.       Sl:""  embraced  within  the  special  inquiry  mad,-  by 


him.  and  representing  67  different  industries,  then 
579,899. 


lu  1S80  the  value  oi   the  produd   was  $2,711.- 

was  a  net  increase  over  the  year  1890  of  $31,315, 


130.08  in  the  value  of  the  produd  and  of  $6,377, 
286,83 


In  1890  the  value  of  the  produd   was  $4,860,- 

925.09  iii  the  amount  of  wages  paid.    The  report  of 


the  commissioner  of  labor  for  the  state  of  Massa 

census  thai   the  omission  of  certain   industries  in 


I  am  informed  by  the  superintendent   of  tl, 

L'husettS  shows  that  3,745   industries  in   that    Stat 


945,  and  that    there   was  an   increase  of  $9,932,490 
d  deducting  the  returns   for  all   industries  not 


1880  which  wc-c  included  in  1890  accounts  in  pan        I""'1   $129,410248  in   wages  during  the  year  1891. 
Cor  the  remarkable  increase  thus  show,,,  hut  aft,- 

making  full  allowance  for  differences  of  metho 

in  the  amount  of  capital  and  of  7.:U<1  in  the  num- 
ber of  persons  employed  in  the  same  period. 

included  m  the  census  ot   lssn  there  re,,,,-,,,,  in  the  '  ' 

,     .  ..  ,     ,.         ...         ,    .     ,.    ,  During   the  last    six   months  of  the  year   1891 

reports   troll,    these   seventy  live   cities   an    increase 

,    ',.  ,.,-.,,-,-,.,,,    •     t,         aud  the  first  six  months  of  1892  the  total  produc- 
in   the  capital  employed   ot    $1,522,745,604,   m   the 

,      '     ,    ...     ,..     .  lion   of   pig   iron    was  9,710,819    tons,    as    agamsl 

value  of   the  product   ot    $2,024,236,166,    m    wages 

.  9,202,703    tons    in    Hie    vear    1890,    which    was   the 

earned  of  si;, 7. '.M:;. ; rjp.  ;,nd  m  the  number  ot   wage 

,      .  .....  ...      ,„,  .  largest  annual  product  ion  ever  attained.      I- or  the 

earners  employed  oi  8o6,029.      ihe  wage  earnings 

,    .         .  same  twelve  months  of  1891-92  the  production  of 

not  only  show  an  increased  aggregate,  but  an  in 

.._,_  .     ,.„,  Bessemer  ingots  was  3,878,581  tons,  an  increase  ol 

ci-(  ase  per  capita  from  $386  in  1880  to  $547  in  1890, 

.,  _,  189,710    gross    tons    over    the    previously    unprece- 

or  41. il   per  cent. 

The    new    industrial    plants    established    sin,,-       "ented  yearly  production  of  3,688,871  gross  tons  m 
October  6,   1890,  and   up  to  October  22,   1892,  as       18»°-     T1"'  Production  of  Bessemer  steel  rails  for 

the  lirst  six  months  of  1892  was  77-J.4:',(i  gross  tons. 


m   702,080  gross  tons  during  the  last   six 


partially    reported     in    the     American    Economist, 
number  345,  and  the  extension  of  existing  plains 

108;  the  new  capital  invested  amounts  to  -Sln.44li.  months  of  the  year  1891. 

050,   and   the   number  of   additional   employes   to  'l'1"'  ""•ll  ™lue  "•'  '""'  foreign  trade  (exports 

37  285  :""'  imports  of  merchandise)  during  the  last  fiscal 

The   Textile    World    for  July,   1898,  states  that  year  was  $1,857,680,610,   an   increase  of  $128,283, 

during  the  first   six  months  of  the  present   calen-  604  over   the  previous  Qscal   year.     The  averagt 

dar   year    135   new    factories    wen-   built,    of    which  annual   value  of   our   imports  and   exports  of   mer- 

10  are  cotton   mills.  48  knitting   mills.  -2r>   woolen  chandise    for    ihe    ten    fiscal    years   prior    to    1891 

mills.  15  silk  mills.  4  plush  mills,  and  -J  linen  mills.  was  $1,457,322,019.     ll    will  he  observed   that   our 

or   ihe   in  cotton   mills  Jl    have  been   buili   in   tin-  foreign  trade  lor  1892  exceeded  this  annual  aver- 

Soiiiliorn    Slates.      .Mr.    A.    I'..    Shepperson,    of    the  age  value  by  $400,358,591.  an  increase  of  27.47  per 


OP    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


10] 


criii.  The  significance  and  value  of  this  increase 
are  shown  by  the  fact  thai  the  excess  in  the  trade 
lit'  1892  over  1891  was  wholly  in  the  value  < >t"  ex- 
ports, for  there  was  a  decrease  in  the  value  of 
imports  of  $17,513,754. 

The  value  of  our  exports  during  the  fiscal  year 
1892  reached  the  highest  figure  in  the  history  of 
the  Government,  amounting  to  $1,030,278,148,  ex- 


deposits  in  savings  banks  was  $1,623,079,749.  [i  is 
estimated  thai  90  per  cent,  of  these  deposits  repre- 
sent the  savings  of  wage  i  arners.  The  hank  clear- 
ances for  nine  months  ending  September  30,  1891 
am. mured  to  $41,049,390,808.  For  the  same  months 
in  1892  they  amounted  to  $45,189,601,947,  an  ex- 
cess for  the  nine  months  of  $4,140,211,139. 

There   never   has   been   a    time   in   our   Uistorj 


ceeding  by  $145,797,338  the  exports  of   1891,  and       when  work  was  so  abuudani  or  when  wages  were 
exceeding  the  value  of  the  imports  by  $202.875,G8G. 


A 


i.i] 


s    high,    whether    measured    by    the    currency    in 
n  of  the  value  of  our  exports  fur  1892       which  they  are  paid  or  bj    their  power  to  supply 


witli  the  annual  average  for  the  ten  years  prior  t 
1891  shews  an  excess  of  $205,142  051.  or  of  34.65 
per  cent.  The  value  of  our  imports  of  merchandise 
for  1892,  which  was  $829,402,462,  also  exceeded  the 
annual  average  value  of  the  ten  years  prior  to 
1891  by  $135,215,940.  During  the  fiscal  year  1892 
the  value  of  imports  free  of  duty  amounted  to 
$457,099,058,  the  largest  aggregate  in  the  history 
of  our  commerce.  The  value  of  the  imports  of 
merchandise  entered  free  of  duty  in  1892  was 
55.35  per  cent,  of  the  total  value  of  imports,  as 
compared  with  43.35  per  cent,  in  1891  and  33.66 
|n  r  e  'in.  in  1890. 

In  our  coastwise  trade  a  mosi  encouraging  de- 
velopment is  in  progress,  there  having  been  in  the 
last   four  years  an  increase  of  16  per  cent.     In  in- 


the  neeessari.  s  ami  comforts  of  life,  it  is  true 
that  the  marKet  prices  of  cotton  ami  wheal  have 
been  low.  Ii  is  one  of  the  unfavorable  incidents 
of  agriculture  that  the  farmer  cannot  produce 
upon  orders.  lie  must  sow  and  reap  in  ignorance 
of  the  aggregate  production  of  the  year,  ami  is 
peculiarly  subject  to  the  depreciation  which  fol- 
lows overproduction.  But  while  the  fact  I  have 
stated  is  true  as  to  the  crops  mentioned,  the  gen- 
eral average  of  prices  has  been  such  as  to  give  to 
agriculture  a  lair  participation  in  the  general  pros- 
perity. The  value  of  our  total  farm  products  has 
increased  from  $1,363,646,866  in  1860  to  $4,500.- 
""".'""i  in  1891.  as  estimated  by  statiscians,  an  in- 
crease of  230  per  cent.  The  Dumber  of  hogs  -Ian 
nary  1.  1891.  was  50.625.106  and  their  value  $210.- 


m  January   1.   1S92,  the  number  was  52,- 
398.019  ami  the  value  $241,031,415.    tin  January  i. 


.    the   nun 

r4i  i.i. -,.-,. 


ternal  commerce  the  statistics  show    thai   no  such  p. 

period  of  prosperity  has  ever  before  existed.    Tl 

freight  carried  in  the  coastwise  trade  of  the  great  1891,  the  number  of  cattle  was  36,875.648  ami  th 

lakes  in  In'.mi  aggregated  28.295,959  tons,     on  the  value  $544,127,908:  on  January   1     IS 

Mississippi.    Missouri   ami    Ohio    rivers    and    tribu-  her  was  37.651 239    ami  the  value  $5' 

taries    in    the    same    year    the    traffic    aggregated 

29,405.046  tons,  and  the  total  vessel  tonnage  pass-  Indiana    lias   filled    the   chair    of     Vice- 

ing    through    the    Detroit    river   during    that    year  t>.,„   •  i      j.  n  ,-,     .       ..    T,       -i 

,  ,.v, .        '  ;      ,  President   as  well   as   that    ot    President. 

was    21,684,000    tons.       1  he   vessel    tonnage    entered 

and  cleared  in  the  foreign  trade  of  London  during      Schuyler    Colfax,     of    Smith    Bend,    was 

1890  amounted  to  13,480,767  tons,  and  of  Liverj l      elected  Vice-President  on  the  ticket    with 

10,941,800 tons,  a  total  tor  tins,-  two  ureal  shipping     Grant  in  186S  and  served  ably  from    lSt?9 
ports  of  24,422,568  tons,  only  slightly  ,n  excess  ol 
the   vessel   tonnage  passing   through   the    Detroit 
liver.     Anil   it   should   lie  said   thai    the   season   for 
the  Detroit  river  was  but  228  days,  while  of  course 

in   London  and   Liverj l  the  season   was   for  the 

entire  year.  The  v>  ssel  tonnage  passing  through 
the  Si.  Mary's  canal  for  the  fiscal  year  1892 
amounted  to  9,828,S74  ions,  and  the  freight  ton- 
nage of  the  Detroit  river  is  estimate, 1  for  thai 
year  ai  25.000,000  tons,  against  23.209.619  tons  in 
1891.  The  aggregate  traffic  on  our  railroads  for 
the  year  1V.H  amounted  i,  704,398.609  tons  or 
freight,  compare, 1  with  691,344,437  tons  in  1890. 
an  increase  ,>f   13.054,172  tons. 


to  1ST:1,.  Mr.  Colfax  was  a  grandson  of 
Gen.  Win.  Colfax  of  Revolutionary  fame 
and  was  born  in  New  York  in  ls^:;.  He 
migrated  to  Indiana  at  the  age  of  thirteen 
whore  he  eii.n'a^'ed  in  newspaper  work.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  Congress  from  the 
thirteenth  district  six  terms,  a  total  of 
twelve  years.  At  the  beginning  of  his 
third  term  he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
Bouse  in  LS63  and  served  three  consecu- 
tive terms  as  Speaker.  In  LS6S  he  wasput 
Another   indication  of   the  general   prosperity      forward   by    Indiana    as    a    candidate    for 

Vice-President  and  was  nominated  with 
comparatively  little  difficulty  and  elected. 
The  history  of  his  term  in  the  Vice-Presi- 
dential chair  is  the  history  of  the  United 
if  921   percent.      In   1891    the  am, mm   of       States    Senate    during    those    troublesome 


of  the  country  is  found  in  the  fact  thai  the  nuin 
her  of  depositors  in  savings  banks  increase, 1  from 
693.870  in  1860  to  4,258,893  in  1890,  an  increase  of 
513  per  cent.,  ami  the  amoiini  of  deposits  from 
$149,277,504   in    1866   to  $1,524.844  506   in    1890.   an 


102 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


years  of  reconstruction.  Colfax  was  one 
of  the  best  presiding  officers  that  either 
branch  of  Congress  ever  had  and  brought 
to  his  duties  the  training  of  six  years  in 
the  Speaker's  chair.  So  fair  were  his  rul- 
ings at  all  times  that  he  left  the  office  with 
the  high  respect  and  esteem  of  the  Demo- 
crats as  well  as  those  of  his  own  party. 

General  Harrison,  himself,  is  fond  of 
declaring  that  no  small  degree  of  the  suc- 
cess of  his  administration  was  contributed 
by  his  secretary,  Elijah  W.  Halford,  who 
served  through  his  whole  term  as  secretary 
to  the  President.  It  was  Mr.  Halford's 
tirst  and  last  political  office.  He  bad 
made  for  himself  a  National  reputation  in 
newspaper  work,  and  was  at  the  time  of 
Harrison's  nomination  and  election  man- 
aging editor  of  the  Indianapolis  Journal. 
He  had  that  rare  quality  and  ability  to 
thoroughly  efface  himself  and  give  up  to 
his  chief  the  best  efforts  of  a  keen  and 
trained  intelligence  without  claiming  for 
himself  a  place  in  history.  At  the  close 
of  his  term  Mr.  Halford  was  appointed  a 
paymaster  in  the  army  and  still  serves  in 
that  capacity. 

IN   DIPLOMACY. 

In  the  Department  of  State,  whether  in 
the  office  at  Washington  or  in  the  diplo- 
matic work  of  the  Nation  abroad.  Indiana 
lias  contributed  a  long  list  of  honorable 
names  that  have  reflected  high  credit,  not 
only  upon  the  State  but  upon  the  Nation. 
Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  is 
Hon.  John  W.  Foster,  a  native  of  Mexico. 
Indeed  it  is  doubtful  if  the  country  has 
ever  produced  a  finer  example  of  the  trained 
diplomat  than  Mr.  Foster.  His  diplomatic 
career  began  in  1873.  He  had  served  val- 
iantly during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
from  which  he  emerged  as  a  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers.  Returning  to 
Evansville  after  the  war  he  edited  the 
Daily  Journal  of  that  city.  In  L872  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Republican  State 


committee.  President  Grant  appointed 
liini  Minister  to  Mexico  in  L873  and  since 
that  time  his  whole  time  and  talent  have 
been  devoted  to  diplomacy.  So  successful 
was  he  at  the  City  of  Mexico  that  Presi- 
dent Hayes  reappointed  him  and  when 
the  Mission  to  St.  Petersburg  became  va- 
cant in  L880  he  was  promoted  tothispost. 
In  November,  L881,  he  resigned  to  take  up 
in  Washington  the  practice  of  interna- 
tional law.  His  success  in  Mexico  and  St. 
Petersburg  had  given  him  such  a  wide 
reputati*  >n  throughout  the  world  that  many 
great  questions  of  international  dispute 
were  intrusted  to  him  as  attorney.  At 
the  earnest  solicitation  of  President  Gar- 
field in  1884  he  accepted  the  Mission  to 
Spain,  and  his  excellent  work  there  pre- 
served the  cordial  relations  between  the 
two  countries,  despite  the  continual  fric- 
tion on  account  of  the  numerous  Cuban 
insurrections.  When  Gen.  Harrison  as- 
sumed office  Gen.  Foster,  at  the  earnest 
personal  solicitation  of  the  President,  un- 
dertook the  duties  of  Assistant-Secretary 
of  State  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Blaine  in  L892  be  was  made  Secretary  of 
State.  As  a  matter  of  fact  he  had  been 
Secretary  of  State  in  every  thing  but  name 
for  more  than  a  year.  At  the  close  of  the 
Chinese-Japanese  war  Gen.  Foster  was 
chosen  by  the  Chinese  Empire  to  conduct 
peace  negotiations.  The  Spanish  war  of 
L898  again  brought  his  high  abilities  in  de- 
mand by  the  United  States  Government, 
and  he  was  chosen  as  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Commission.  No  sooner  was  this 
work  completed  than  he  was  asked  by  the 
President  to  serve  as  a  member  of  the  high 
joint  commission  for  the  settlement  of 
questions  of  dispute  with  Canada,  a  work 
which  he  is  engaged  in  at  the  present 
writing. 

General  Lew  Wallace,  as  Minister  to 
Turkey,  added  the  reputation  of  one  of  the 
greatest  diplomats  of  the  age  to  the  fame 
he  bad  already  acquired  as  a  soldier  and 
author.     He   was   appointed  Minister    to 


OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA. 


103 


Turkey  by  President  Garfield  and  served 
at  Constantinople  from  1**1  to  1S85.  Dur- 
ing this  time  there  were  many  causes  of 
friction  between  the  Turkish  and  Ameri- 
can governments,  but  Gen.  Wallace  suc- 
ceeded in  straightening  them  all  out  to 
the  entire  satisfaction  of  b<  >th  g<  ivernments. 
In  addition  to  this  a  very  strong  friendship 
grew  up  between  him  and  the  Sultan.  So 
great  was  the  admiration  of  the  Sultan  for 
the  American  Minister  that  upon  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term,  the  Turkish  govern- 
ment made  him  the  most  nattering  offers 
to  remain  in  Constantinople  in  high  official 
position.  Upon  the  approach  of  the  Grseco- 
Turkish  war  in  1*97  the  Sultan  again 
turned  to  Gen.  Wallace  and  offered  him 
the  war  portfolio  of  the  Sublime  Porte. 
However,  all  these  flattering  offers  were 
declined  and  Gen.  Wallace  has  quietly 
continued  a  resident  of  Indiana. 

Thos.  H.  Nelson  was  another  Indianan 
win )  served  a  long  and  h<  >n<  >ral  >le  dipl<  >matic 
career  He  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Chile  by  President  Lincoln  and  retained  in 
the  post  by  President  Johnson.  Upon  the 
accession  of  President  Grant  in  1868  he 
was  made  Minister  to  Mexico  and  served 
until  1872.  This  was  made  after  the  fall 
of  Maximillian  and  Mexican  affairs  were 
in  somewhat  of  a  chaotic  state.  She  looked 
to  the  sister  republic  for  guidance  and 
advice  and  Col.  Nelson  was  consulted  upon, 
not  only  the  relations  of  the  two  republics, 
but  upon  practically  all  matter  of  State  in 
Mexican  affairs.  With  such  skill  and 
ability  did  he  respond  to  these  demands 
that  to  this  day  his  memory  is  still  vener- 
ated in  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Godlove  S.  Orth.  who  had  already  risen 
to  prominence  in  National  politics,  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Austria  by  General 
Grant. 

Gen.  Albert  G.  Porter.  Ex-Governor  of 
tlie  State,  served  as  Minister  to  Italy  under 
President  Harrison 

Addison  C.  Harris  is  now  serving  ably 
as  Ambassador  at  Vienna. 


Gen.  Alvin  G  Hovey.  afterwards  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State,  served  as  Minister  to 
Peru  under  Presidents  Lincoln  and  John- 
son. 

Bayless  W.  Hanna  served  as  Minister 
to  the  Argentine  Republic  under  President 
Harrison. 

Indiana  has  furnished  four  Consul-Gen- 
erals, John  C.  New  to  London:  Samuel 
Merrill  to  Calcutta:  John  K.  Gowdy  to 
Paris,  and  Win.  R.  Holloway  to  St.  Peters- 
burg, under  McKinley. 

The  State  has  filled  first-class  Consulates 
as  follows: 

Neil  McLaehlan,  to  Leith,  Scotland,  under 
Lincoln;  John  Young,  to  Belfast.  Ireland,  under 
Lincoln  ami  Johnson;  Alvin  M.  Mothershead.  to 
Leipsic.  under  Lincoln;  Noah  L.  Wilson,  to  La 
Union,  Salvador,  under  Lincoln;  T.  V.  Dickinson. 
to  Leipsic.  under  Lincoln;  Isaac  Jenkison,  to  Glas- 
gow, under  Grant;  Richard  1'.  DeHart,  to  San- 
tiago de  Cuba,  under  Grant;  John  C.  Fletcher,  to 
oporto.  Spain,  under  Grant;  James  Park,  to  Aix 
I. a  ( 'Impede,  under  Grant;  Richard  Beardsley.  to 
Jerusalem,  under  Grant;  Charles  M.  Travis,  to 
Para.  Brazil,  under  Grant;  Thomas  .1.  Brady,  to  St. 
Thomas,  Denmark,  under  Grant;  John  A.  Bridge- 
land,  to  Havre.  France,  under  Hayes;  Emory  B. 
Beauchamp,  to  Aix  La  Chapelle,  under  Grant  and 
Garfield;  Frederick  Sehenck,  to  Barcelona,  under 
Grant,  Hayes  and  Garfield;  Eugene  .1.  Ball,  to 
Festh,  under  Hayes:  Henry  Stern,  to  l'esth.  under 
Garfield;  John  B.  Glover,  to  Havre  under  Gar- 
field; George  E.  Bullock,  to  Cologne,  under  Gar- 
field, also  to  Annaburg,  under  Garfield;  David 
M.  Dunn,  to  Valparaiso,  under  Garfield;  .lames  W. 
Seder,  to  Capetown,  under  Garfield  and  Arthur: 
Benjamin  S.  Barker,  to  Sherbrook,  under  Garfield; 
Charles  Kahlo,  to  Sydney.  N.  S.  Wales,  under  Gar- 
field; William  Williams.  Charge  d' Affaires.  Para- 
guay and  Uruguay.  Montevideo,  under  Arthur: 
Win.  W.  Canada,  to  Vera  Cruz.  Mexico,  under  Mc- 
Kinley: Hiram  /..  Leonard,  to  I., union.  Ontario, 
under  Harrison. 

TREASURY  DEPAKT.M  ENT. 

One  of  the  first  Republicans  of  Indiana 
to  attain  National  fame  of  a  high  order  was 
Hugh  McCulloch.  of  Ft.  Wayne.  Mr.  Mc- 
Culloch  had  come  to  Indiana  in  1833,  just 
out  of  College  in  Maine  where  his  father 
was  a  large  ship  owner.  He  began  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Indianapolis,  hut  two 


10  + 


HISTORY    OK   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


years  later,  when  the  Ft.  Wayne  branch  of 
the  State  Bank  was  organized,  lie  was  of- 
fered and  accepted  the  position  of  cashier 
and  manager  of  the  branch,  a  position  he 

held  until  the  charter  of  the  institution 
expired  in  1857.  Here  he  developed  such 
ability  and  judgment  that  he  became  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  centra]  organization, 
and  nnalh  its  moving  spn it.  Justbefore 
the  charter  of  the  old  concern  expired,  a 
new  organization,  called  the  Hank"  of  the 
State  of  Indiana,  was  organized  by  ihe 
same  people  to  replace  it.  This  concern 
had  a  capital  of  $6, 000,000  and  Met  lulloch 
was  made  its  president.  This  was  in  the 
midst  of  the  wild  cat  money  when  the 
average  man  who  was  paid  in  hank  notes 
did  not  know  whether  they  would  be  worth 
t  he  paper  they  were  printed  on  by  the  next 
morning.  This  was  not  so  with  the 
notes  of  the  State  Hank  of  Indiana. 
So  able  and  conservative  was  its  man 
agement  that  it  was  known  through- 
out tlie  country  as  the  strongest  hank 
in  the  United  States,  and  its  notes  were 
good  from  one  end  of  the  country  to 
the  other.  In  1  863,  at  the  earnest  solicita- 
tion of  President  Lincoln  and  Secretary 
Chase,  he  gave  up  his  duties  to  accept  the 
position  of  Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 
He  organized  the  National  Currency  Bu- 
reau and  it  was  his  judgment  and  ability, 
more  than  that  of  any  otherman,  that  put 
the  National  banking  system  into  success- 
ful operation.  In  1865  he  succeeded  Mr. 
Fessenden  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  guided  the  National  finances  ably  and 
safely  through  the  tremendous  operations 
of  the  treasury  during  the  closing  scenes 
of  the  war.  When  he  funded  the  tremen- 
dous floating  debt  of  the  Government  and 
put  it  in  sale  and  convenient  shape  he  ac- 
complished something  that  the  financiers 
of  the  time  believed  to  he  utterly  impossi- 
ble. Upon  the  death  of  Lincoln  and  suc- 
cession of  President  Johnson  he  was  re- 
appointed and  served  until  the  close  of 
•Johnson's    administration.       Indiana    Re- 


publicans have  four  times  held  the  respon- 
sible position  of  Treasurer  to  the  United 
States  Of  these  the  first  was  John  ('. 
New.  who  held  office  under  Grant  and 
again  under  Arthur.  James  N.  Huston 
and  E.  H.  Nebeker  held  the  office  under 
Harrison. 

Albert  G.  Porter  served  as  first  Comp- 
troller of  the  Treasury  under  Hayes  and 
Robert  J.  Tracewell  is  serving  in  the  same 
capacity  under  McKinley. 

W.  D.  Owen  served  as  the  first  Super- 
intendent of  the  new  Bureau  of  Immigra- 
tion under  Genera]  Harrison  and  brought 
to  the  office  a  man  of  intelligence  and 
ability  that  soon  placed  the  Bureau  in 
smooth  working  operation.  Other  Indi- 
anians  have  held  prominent  offices  in  the 
Treasury  Department  as  follows: 

C.  M.  Walter,  fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 
uiiilcr  Lincoln  and  Johnson;  De  Alva  S.  Alexan- 
der, Fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  under  Arthur; 
.iiilin  S.  Williams,  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 
under  Harrison;  Win.  11.  Hart.  Third  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury,  under  Harrison;  Robert  M.  Nixon, 
Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  under  Har- 
rison; George  B.  Williams,  Third  Deputy  Commis- 
sioner Internal  Revenue,  under  Grant;  Superin- 
tendent United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 
Thomas  C.  Mendenhall,  under  Harrison;  James 
J!.  Kay.  Third  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue,  under  Grant;  Daniel  D.. Pratt,  Second 
Deputy  Internal  Revenue  Commissioner,  undei 
Grant;  A.  L.  Dawsne,  Deputy  Sixth  Auditor,  under 
McKinley;  Perry  s.  Mitchell,  Deputy  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury,  under  .McKinley:  X.  L.  Chew. 
Deputy  Register  of  the  Treasury,  under  McKinley. 

1NTKHK  >R  DEPARTMENT. 

President  Lincoln  chose  his  first  and 
second  Secretaries  of  the  Interior  from 
Indiana.  The  first  was  Caleb  B.  Smith, 
a  man  who  had  been  prominent  in  Indi- 
ana politics  for  a  number  of  years,  and  had 
served  twice  as  a  member  of  Congress. 
Mr.  Smith  was  appointed  in  March.  1861, 
and  conducted  the  office  ably  until  Decem- 
ber of  the  following  year,  when  his  failing 
health  compelled  his  resignation.  John 
I'.    Upshur,    also  of    Indiana,    served   ably 


OF   THE    STATE  OF    IMH  AN  \.                                                               L05 

as  his  successor.  Win.  T.  Otto  was  chosen  of  Indiana,  who  has  si  rvcd  inalniusl  even 
as  Assistant-Secretary  of  the  Interior  by  one  of  the  higher  offices  connected  with 
President  Lincoln  after  his  second  inaugn-  the  department  from  Postmaster  General 
ration  and  served  in  this  capacity  a  full  down.  Bis  first  connection  with  the  Posl 
term  nt  four  years  under  Lincoln  and  office  Department  came  ahout  while  he  was 
Johnson.  W.  \Y.  Dudley  served  as  Com-  a  member  of  Congress  and  a  member  of 
missioner  of  Pensions  under  Presidents  the  committee  on  postoffices  aud  postroads. 
Garfield  and  Arthur,  and  I).  P.  Holloway  Going  upon  the  theory  that  a  thorough 
served  as  Commissioner  of  Patents  under  postal  system  was  one  of  the  very  greatest 
Lincoln.  During  Grant's  administration  institutions  of  the  civilized  people,  he  de- 
Indiana  furnished  two  Territorial  Gov-  voted  a  greal  deal  oi  study  to  the  work 
eraors,  Gen.  Lew  Wallace  being  appointed  until  he  had  mastered  it  thoroughly. 
Governor  of  New  Mexico  and  Gen.  John  Recognizing  his  value  President  Grant 
A.  Burbank  as  Governor  of  Dakota.  Wal-  made  him  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
lace  had  a  wild  population  to  deal  with  in  General,  and  in  the  broadening  and  up- 
New  Mexico,  composed  almost  entirely  of  building  of  the  system  his  work  was  so 
Mexicans  and  Indians,  hut  so  well  did  he  valuable  thai  President  Hayes  asked  him 
do  his  work  that  the  population  of  the  to  serve  as  First  Assistant  and  as  Post- 
Territory  held  him  in  the  very  greatest  master-General.  After  retiring  from  the 
respect  and  veneration.  It  was  during  Postoffice  Departmenthe  went  into  the De- 
his  association  with  these  people  that  he  partmenl  of  Justice,  where  he  has  charge 
conceived  and  wrote  his  wonderful  novel  of  all  legal  matters  pertaining  to  the  postal 
"The  Fair  God."  system.     One  of   the  first     appointments 

made  by  President  McKinley  was  that  of 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE.  Pen'v  s  Heath  ;,s  Firs1  Assistant  Post- 
master-General. Mr.  Heath  has  brought 
Indiana  furnished  the  country  one  of  to  the  office  a  wide  and  thorough  knowl- 
fche  ablest  of  its  Attorney-Generals  in  the  edge  of  conditions  as  Avell  as  the  spirit  of 
person  of  W.  H.  H.  Miller,  who  served  in  energy  that  has  made  his  administration 
this  capacity  during  the  Harrison  adminis-  of  the  office  the  most  important  in  its  lus- 
tration. James  N.  Tyner  was  appointed  tory.  Tims  .1.  Brady  served  as  Second 
Assistant  Attorney- General  tor  the  Post-  Assistant  Postmaster-General  under  Presi- 
office  Department  by  President  Harrison  dent  Hayes.  W.  H.  H.  Terrill  served  as 
and  still  serves  in  the  same  capacity  tin-  Third  Assistanl  Postmaster-General  under 
der  McKinley.  John  C.  Chaney  was  made  Grant.  David  P.  Liebharg  was  made 
an  assistant  in  the  Department  of  Justice  Superintendent  of  the  Dead-Letter  Office 
by  General  Harrison  and  served  until  1893.  under  Harrison  and  continues  in  the  same 
James  Hughex  was  made  the  Judge  of  the  capacity  under  McKinley. 
Court  of  Claims  by  President  Lincoln. 

NAVY     DEPARTMENT. 

POSTOFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

While  Indiana  has   furnished  the  navy 

Walter  <(>.  Gresham,    of    Indiana,  then  as  it  has  the  army  with   many  great  men. 

a  Republican,  was  the  Postmaster-Genera]  political  lines  are   not  drawn   in   this  de- 

under  Presidents  Garfield  and  Arthur.  partment  except   at   the  head  of  it.     The 

In  the  history  of  the  Postoffice  no  man  State  has  furnished   one   Secretary  of  the 

has  been    more  intimately  connected  with  Navy  in  the  person  of  Roberl    W.  Thomp 

its  administration  than   .lames    M    Tyner,  son.  who  Idled  the  office   under    President 


106 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Haves.     It    was  the   era  just  before  the  cal   methods    of  work    and  expenditure, 

beginning  of  the  new  navy,   a  time  when  Small  as  were  the  naval  appropriations  in 

the    energies    of    the    Government    were  those  days,  at  the  end  of  L8Y9  Secretary 

Largely  occupied  in  reducing  the  debt  con-  Thompson  covered  hack  to  the  Treasury 

tracted  during  the  Civil  War.     The  great  ¥1,500,000  of  unexpended  appropriations. 

feature  of  Mr.  Thompson's  administration  It  was  his  work  that  paved   the  way  for 

of  the  office  was  its  economy.      He  intro-  the  building  of  a  new  navy,   by  inducing 

duced  reforms  in  every  branch  of  the  work  systematic  economy  and  intelligent  method 

that  were  greatly  conducive    to  economi-  throughout  the  whole  Naval  Department. 


THE  PARTY'S  FUTURE. 


11RUE  to  the  original  cause  of  its  being, 
_  the  Republican  party  has  courageously 
taken  up,  not  only  the  question  of  provid- 
ing a  sound  system  of  finance  for  the 
country,  but  also  the  various  problems  of 
territorial  expansion  and  government  of 
alien  races  growing  out  of  the  Spanish- 
American  war.  If  is  reasonable  to  believe 
that  the  Republic  of  the  United  States  has 
reached  a  point  in  its  history  where  the 
two  dominant  parties  now  upon  the  stage 
will  endure  practically  in  their  present 
form  for  centuries.  Issues  will  change 
and  parties  may  change  minor  principles 
according  to  time  and  circumstance,  but 


in  the  long  run  these  two  parties  will  in- 
variably apply  to  such  new  problems  of 
government  as  arise  their  fundamental 
principles  of  progress  and  conservatism. 
And  in  this  busy  world,  where  men  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race  have  become  to  be  do- 
ing, doing  eternally,  and  never  done,  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Republican  party, 
clinging  to  its  principle oi  progress,  bring- 
ing to  every  issue  the  courage  of  con- 
viction and  the  will  and  strength  to 
act,  will  be  the  party  in  the  future  as 
it  has  been  in  the  past  that  shapes  the 
policies  and  the  destinies  of  the  American 
people. 


r 


■ 

■ 
■ 


PARTY    LEADERS. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  PROMINENT  MEN  WHO  HAVE  CON- 
TRIBUTED TO  THE  GREATNESS  OF  THE  REPUBLICAN 
TARTY  IN  INDIANA. 


BEXJ AM IX   HARRISON. 

Benjamin  Harrison,  the  twenty-third 
President  of  the  United  States,  was 
born  at  North  Bend,  Ohio,  August  20, 
1833.  His  father.  John  Scott  Harrison, 
was  the  third  son  of  General  William 
Henry  Harrison,  ninth  President  of  the 
United  States,  who  was  the  third  and 
youngest  son  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. John  Scott  Harrison  was  twice 
married,  his  second  wife  being  Elizaheth, 
daughter  of  Archibald  Irwin,  of  Mercers- 
burg,  Pa.;  Benjamin  was  the  second  son 
of  this  marriage.  His  parents  were  reso- 
lutely determined  upon  the  education  of 
their  children,  and  early  in  childhood 
Benjamin  was  placed  under  private  in- 
struction at  home.  In  ls-tT  he  and  his 
elder  brother  were  sent  to  a  school  on 
what  was  known  as  College  Hill,  a  few- 
miles  from  Cincinnati.  After  remaining 
there  two  years  he  entered  the  junior  class 
at  Miami  University,  at  Oxford,  <  Ihio, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  IS52.  He  was 
married  October  20,  1  853,  to  Caroline  Scott, 
daughter  of  Dr.  John  W.  Scott,  who  was 
then  President  of  Oxford  Female  Semi- 
nary,   from    which     Mrs.     Harrison     was 


graduated  in  1  *.">:.'.  After  studying  law 
under  Storer  &  Gwynne,  in  Cincinnati, 
Mr.  Harrison  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
L854,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Indianapolis,  Ind..  which  has 
since  been  his  home.  He  was  appointed 
crier  of  the  Federal  court,  at  a  salary  <  f 
$2. 50  per  day.  This  was  the  first  money 
he  had  ever  earned.  Jonathan  W.  Gordon, 
one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Indianapolis  bar. 
called  young  Harrison  to  his  assistance 
in  the  prosecution  of  a  criminal  tried  for 
burglary,  and  intrusted  to  him  the  plea 
for  the  State.  He  had  taken  ample  notes 
of  the  evidence,  but  the  case  was  closed  at 
night,  and  the  courthouse  being  dimly 
lighted  by  tallow  candles,  he  was  unable 
to  read  them  when  he  arose  to  address  the 
court  and  jury.  Laying  them  aside,  he 
depended  entirely  upon  his  memory  and 
found  it  perfect.  He  made  an  eloquent 
plea,  produced  a  marked  impression,  and 
won  the  case.  Since  then  he  has  always 
been  an  impromptu  speaker.  He  formed  a 
partnership  later  with  William  Wallace, 
but  in  I860  the  latter  became  clerk  of 
Marion  county,  and  the  linn  was  changed 
to  Harrison  &  Fishback,  which  was  termi- 
nated by  the  entry  of  the  senior  partner 
into   the  army  in    1862.      He  was   chosen 


LOS 


IF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Reporter  of  the  Supreme  ( 'ourt  of  Indiana 
in  I860  mi  thf  Republican  ticket.  Tin's 
was  Ins  first  active  appearance  in  the 
political  field.  When  the  Civil  War  began 
he  assisted  in  raising  the  Seventieth 
Indiana  Regiment  of  Volunteers,  taking 
a  second  lieutenant's  commission  and 
raising  company  A  of  that  regiment. 
Governor  Morton  tendered  him  the  com- 
mand of  the  regiment  and  he  was  com- 
missioned itscolonel.  Mr.  Harrison  was  ap- 
pointed a  Deputy  Reporter  for  the  Supreme 
('ourt.  In  the  ensuing  autumn  the  Demo- 
cratic State  committee,  considering  his 
position  as  a  civil  officer  vacated  by  this 
military  appointment,  nominated  and 
elected  a  successor,  although  his  term  of 
office  had  not  expired.  Their  view  was 
sustained  by  the  State  Supreme  Couit;  but 
in  1864,  while  Colonel  Harrison  was  in 
the  army,  the  people  of  Indiana  gave 
their  judgment  by  re-electing  him  to  the 
position  of  Reporter  by  an  overwhelm 
in«'  majority.  In  1862  the  Seventieth 
Indiana  went  into  the  field  with  Har- 
rison as  its  colonel,  their  objective  point 
being  Howling  Green,  Ky.  It  was 
brigaded  with  the  Seventy-ninth  Ohioand 
the  (  Ine  Hundred  and  Second.  One  Hundred 
and  Fifth,  and  ( Ine  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Illinois  regiments,  under  Brigadier 
General  Ward,  of  Kentucky,  and  this 
organization  was  kept  unchanged  until 
the  dose  of  the  war.  Colonel  Harrison 
had  the  right  of  the  brigade,  and  his  com- 
mand was  occupied  at  first  in  guarding 
railroads  and  hunting  guerrillas,  his 
energies  being  largely  spent  in  drilling  his 
men.  When  General  Rosecrans  set  out 
for  Chattanooga.  General  Ward  was  sent 
on  duty  to  Nashville,  and  on  January  2, 
1864,  his  command  was  called  to  the  front. 
Later  this  brigade  became  the  first  brigade 
of  the  third  division  of  the  Twentieth  army 
corps,  under  General  Hooker.  General 
Ward  resuming  its  command.  The 
campaign  under  General  Sherman,  upon 
which    his    regiment     with     its    associate 


forces  entered,  was  directed,  as  is  now 
known,  against  the  Confederate  army  of 
General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  and  not 
against  any  particular  place.  In  the 
Federal  advance  one  of  the  severest  actions 
was  fought  at  Resaca,  Ga.,  May  14  and 
15,  1864,  and  the  Seventieth  Indiana  led 
the  assault.  His  regiment  participated 
in  the  tights  at  New  Hope  Church  and  at 
Golgotha  Church.  Eenesaw  Mountain, 
and  Peach  Tree  Creek.  When  Atlanta 
was  taken  by  Sherman.  September  2, 
1864,  Colonel  Harrison  received  his  first 
furlough  to  visit  home,  being  assigned  to 
special  duty  in  a  canvass  of  the  State  to 
recruit  for  forces  in  the  field.  Returning 
to  Chattanooga  and  then  to  Nashville,  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  a  provisional 
brigade  held  in  reserve  at  the  battle  at  the 
latter  place  (December  15  and  K'>.  1S<I4). 
and  was  but  little  engaged.  When  the 
fight  was  over  he  was  sent  in  pursuit  of 
the  Confederate  General  Hood.  Recalled 
from  that  pursuit,  he  was  next  ordered  to 
report  to  General  Sherman  at  Savannah. 
While  passing  through  New  York  he  suc- 
cumbed to  an  attack  of  scarlet  fever,  but 
in  a  few  weeks  was  able  to  proceed  on  his 
way.  .Joining  Sherman  at  Goldsboro, 
N.  C  he  resumed  command  of  his  old 
brigade,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  went 
with  it  to  Washington  to  take  part  in  the 
grand  review  of  the  armies.  He  was  duly 
mustered  out  of  service  June  8,  1865,  not, 
however,  until  he  had  received  a  commis- 
sion as  Brevet  Brigadier-General,  dated 
January  23,  1865.  Returning  to  Indiana- 
polis after  the  war.  he  resumed  his  office  of 
Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court,  hut  in  1867 
declined  a  renomination,  preferring  to 
devote  himself  exclusively  to  the  practice 
of  law.  Hebecamea  memberof  thefirmof 
Porter,  Harrison  A;  Fishback,  and.  after 
subsequent  changes,  of  that  of  Harrison. 
Miller  &  Elam.  He  took  part  in  1868  and 
IS72  in  the  Presidential  campaigns  in  the 
support  of  General  Grant,  traveling  over 
Indiana  and  speaking  to  large  audiences 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INIH  \NA.  109 

In  1876  at  first  he  declined  a  nomination  for  HENRY  S     LANE 

Governor  on    the   Republican   ticket,   con- 
senting  to    run    only    after   the    regular  It  is  doubtful   if  there  was  ever  a  man 

nominee  had  withdrawn.      In  this  contest  in  the  country  whose  popularity  si I  more 

lie  received  almost  2,000  more  votes  than  firm  and  green  and  deeply  rooted  for  more 
his  associates,  but  was  defeated.  He  was  than  forty  years  than  that  of  Henry  S. 
a  member  of  the  Mississippi  river  commis-  Lane.  It  was  as  well  won  as  worn.  too. 
sion  in  1879.  In  LS80,  as  chairman  of  the  for  in  a  life  filling  the  scriptural  limit, 
Indiana  delegation  in  the  Republican  most  of  it  in  the  public  service,  all  of  it  in 
National  convention,  he  cast  nearly  the  public  view,  there  was  never  a  spot  seen 
entire  vote  of  the  State  for  James  A.  on  his  character,  and  Washington's  fame. 
Garfield  for  President.  President  Garfield  however  higher,  is  nol  purer.  Without 
offered  him  a  place  in  his  cabinet,  bul  he  any  obtrusiveness  of  religious  sentiment. 
declined  it.  preferring  the  Tinted  States  his  sincere  religious  convictions  made  him 
Senatorship  from  Indiana,  to  which  he  a  faithful  follower  of  his  Master  in  all  he 
had  just  been  chosen,  and  which  he  held  did,  and  even  purified  his  speech  of  the 
from  1881  to  1887.  In  the  Senate  he  little  humorous  indelicacies  that  nearly 
advocated  the  tariff  views  of  his  party,  sixty  years  ago  did  not  a  little  to  give 
opposed  President  Cleveland's  vetoes  of  him  his  remarkable  attention  and  sym- 
pension  bills,  urged  the  reconstruction  and  pathy  of  a  backwoods  audience.  He  was 
upbuilding  of  the  navy,  and  labored  and  a  noble,  generous  and  singularly-gifted 
voted  for  civil  service  reform.  He  was  a  man,  and  all  his  life  long  the  people  of  In- 
delegate  at  large  to  the  Republican  diana  recognized  and  honored  him. 
National  convention  in  L8S4,  and  in  1888  Henry  Smith  Lane  was  horn  in  Mont 
at  Chicago  was  nominated  for  the  Presi-  gomery  county.  Kentucky.  February  i'4. 
dency  on  the  eighth  ballot.  The  nomina-  L811.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  had 
tion  was  made  unanimous,  and  in  No-  distinguished  himself  in  the  numerous  and 
vember  he  was  elected,  receiving  233  bloody  conflicts  with  the  Indians  which 
electoral  votes  to  1 68 for  Grover Cleveland,  marked  the  history  of  Kentucky  at  that 
He  was  inaugurated  .March  4.  1SS9.  He  time.  Henry  worked  on  the  farm,  raak- 
was  again  nominated  for  the  Presidency  ing  the  most  of  his  opportunities  for  at- 
at  the  National  Republican  convention  tending  school  until  he  reached  the  age  of 
which  met  at  Minneapolis  in  ls'.ii',  hut  sixteen,  when,  with  Judge  Silas  W.  Bob- 
was  defeated  at  the  November  election,  bins,  he  took  up  a  higher  course  of  study, 
receiving  1-L>  electoral  votes  against  276  and  after  pursuing  these  studies  for  two 
votes  for  Crover  Cleveland.  Upon  retiring  years  he  determined  upon  the  law  as  a 
from  office  General  Harrison  returned  profession,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  be- 
to  his  home  in  Indianapolis  and  resumed  gan  to  read  law  in  the  office  of  Col.  J. 
the  practice  of  law.  Since  then  his  time  Sudduth,  contriving  to  support  himself  by 
has  been  satisfactorily  occupied  as  counsel  practicing  economy  in  all  thiugs.  He  was 
in  some  of  the  most  important  legal  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1S32,  but  remained 
controversies  which  have  arisen  throughout  in  Kentucky  but  two  years  thereafter,  re- 
the  country.  In  every  campaign  which  moving  to  Indiana  in  L83-1.  He  located 
has  been  waged  since  then  his  voice  has  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Crawfordsville, 
been  raised  in  behalf  of  his  party  and  his  forming  a  partnership  with  [saac  Naylor. 
mighty  influence  has  been  felt  in  the  pro-  Upon  the  election  of  Mr.  Naylor  to  the 
motion  of  sound  principles  and  good  gov-  office  of  Circuit  Judge,  Mr.  Lane  became 
eminent.  the    law    partner  of    Samuel   ('.    \\  illson, 


11(1 


HISTORY    OK    T1IK    KKIM'BI  ,I< '  AN     PARTY 


and  this  partnership  continued  until  L854, 
Mr.  Lane  retiriug  from  the  practice  of  law 
at  that  time.  After  L854  he  was  never 
occupied  with  any  private  business  except 

his  interest  in  the  banking  house  of  his 
father-in-law.  Major  Elston.  As  a  lawyer 
Mr.  Lane  excelled  in  some  things,  hut  fell 
short  in  others,  though  more  from  a  lack 
of  desire  to  strive  for  the  honors  than 
from  inability  to  capture  them.  As  a 
jury  lawyer  he  was  probably  without  an 
equal  in  his  day.  His  natural  powers  of 
oratory,  of  the  plain  and  forceful  character 
which  needs  little  cultivation,  commanded 
the  earnest  attention  of  a  jury  and  never 
failed  to  make  a  deep  impression.  Hut 
although  an  able  lawyer,  the  political 
prominence  which  attached  to  him  early 
in  life  overshadowed  and  obscured  his  legal 
reputation.  It  is  said  that  in  some  parts 
of  the  State,  where  he  became  very  popular 
in  his  political  career,  it  was  not  generally 
known  that  he  was  a  lawyer. 

His  political  career  began  by  an  election 
to  the  State  legislature  in  L837.  In  L840 
he  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  great 
Harrison  "hard  cider"  campaign,  over 
Edward  A.  Hannegan.  later  United  States 
Senator,  and  later  Minister  to  Prussia. 
In  that  contest,  though  but  29  years  of 
age,  and  hut  six  years  a  resident  of  Indi- 
ana, Mi'.  Lane  not  only  laid  the  founda- 
tion hut  built  the  superstructure  of  his 
fame  solidly  and  durably,  for  his  last  in- 
active years  fed  on  the  reputation  won  a 
generation  before.  In  the  Indiana  Con- 
gressional delegation  of  that  year  he  was 
admirably  mated  by  the  most  brilliant 
company  of  young  orators  ever  known  in 
the  State  .Mr.  Lane  was  the  best  known 
and  probably  the  most  popular  of  them. 
His  fund  of  apt  and  funny  stories  had  not 
a  little  to  do  with  the  demand  for  him  in 
the  campaigns  of  that  time. 

In  Congress,  at  the  extra  session  of  the 
spring  of  L841,  Mr.  Lane  made  no  effort 
to  attract  attention.  No  occasions  arose 
for  those  impromptu  outbreaks  of  feeling. 


sweeping  away  any  strength  of  argument. 
so  striking  a  feature  of  his  genius,  till  the 
proposition  to  pay  the  widow  of  President 
Harrison  the  salary  of  his  full  term  was 
made,  and  resisted  by  the  Democrats, 
whose  exasperation  was  unmanly  enough 
to  right  a  widow's  allowance.  Joseph 
Little  White  was  appointed  to  speak  for 
the  Indiana  delegation,  but  although  lie 
was  a  brilliant  orator,  he  had  polished  the 
enthusiasm  out  of  his  speech,  and  what 
remained  was  but  strained  effort.  Mr. 
Lane  was  unexpectedly  called  up  by  some- 
thing said  by  some  one  of  the  opponents 
of  the  proposition  For  half  an  hour  he 
amazed  an  delighted  both  parties,  and 
more  than  any  other  man  inspired  the 
feeling  that  finally  made  the  appropria- 
tion. Never  at  that  session,  nor  ever  in 
ten  years  of  Congressional  life,  did  he  at- 
tempt to  play  the  statesman  further  than 
by  able  and  judicious  advocacy  or  resist- 
ance of  the  measures  of  others.  His  was 
not  a  constructive  or  executive  genius,  and 
his  name  is  connected  with  no  important 
public  measure.  He  was  a  leader  of  men. 
a  moulder  of  opinion  and  action,  but  not 
a  maker  of  laws  or  politics.  He  was  re- 
elected to  the  House  in  1*42.  over  Major 
John  Bryce.  In  1*4-1  he  stumped  the 
State  for  Clay  with  more  energy  than  he 
had  used  for  himself  and  party  in  1840. 
Clay  was  his  ideal  statesman  and  the  idol 
of  his  partisan  adoration,  and  his  defeat 
put  an  end  to  the  political  career  of  his 
admirer  for  sixteen  years.  He  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  fully  expect- 
ing to  spend  the  rest  of  his  life  in  the 
practice  of  law.  hut  only  two  years  after 
his  retirement  from  Congress  the  .Mexican 
War  broke  out.  and  he  at  once  organized 
a  company  which  became  a  part  of  the 
First  Indiana  Regiment,  and  with  which 
Lane  served  as  first  major  and  later  as 
lieutenant-colonel.  The  regiment  served 
the  greater  part  of  the  war  guarding  the 
mouth  of  the  Bio  Grande  at  Matamoras, 
and  never  had  a  chance  to  tiyht.      Malarial 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Ill 


and  camp  diseases  made  worse  inroads  in 
the  regiment  than  half  a  dozen  ordinary 
Mexican  battles  would  have  made,  and  the 
regiment  brought  home  little  glory  beyond 
doing  a  weary  and  obscure  duty  faith- 
fully. 

For  some  half  dozen  years  after  his 
return  from  Mexico  he  gave  himself  wholly 
to  his  profession,  only  appearing  in  occa- 
sional campaign  speeches,  but  more  prom- 
inently for  the  forerunner  of  the  Repub- 
lican  party,  the  People's  party  of  1854. 
In  all  the  conventions,  mass  meetings  and 
rallies  of  his  party  at  that  time,  Mr.  Lane 
figured  prominently.  Some  of  his  speeches 
of  that  period  were  taken  up  by  his  party 
all  over  the  country.  The  combination  of 
inanimate  Whiggery,  Free-Soilism,  Know- 
Nothingism,  and  Maine- Lawism  carried 
the  State  officers  and  the  Lower  House  of 
the  legislature,  but  the  Democrats  held 
the  Senate.  Mr.  Lane  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  Joseph  (!.  Marshall  for  the 
National  Senate  to  replace  John  Pettit. 
Although  there  were  enough  Republicans 
in  the  House  to  control  on  joint  ballot,  the 
Democratic  Senate  beat  off  the  election. 
Marshall  died  soon  afterwards,  leaving  liis 
mantle  to  fall  on  Mr.  Lane's  shoulders. 
who  thenceforward  to  the  civil  war  was 
the  recognized  leader  of  the  Republican 
party  in  Indiana.  In  1*57  the  Democrats 
controlled  the  Lower  House  of  the  legis- 
lature, while  tlie  Republicans  held  the 
Senate.  The  Democrats,  without  any  as- 
sent of  the  Senate,  held  a  quasi-convention 
and  elected  Jesse  D.  Bright  and  Gra 
ham  N.  Fitch  to  the  Senate.  The  following 
election  gave  the  Republicans  mastery  of 
both  houses  in  1859,  and  they  elected 
Henry  S.  Lane  and  Monroe  McCarty — a 
Liberal  Democrat — to  displace  the  informal 
election  of  1857.  Mr.  Lane  accepted  the 
honor,  although  he  well  knew  that  the 
Democratic  Pro-Slavery  Senate  would  not 
exclude  two  such  convenient  tools  as  Bright 
and   Fitch  for  two  such  anti-slavery  men 


as  McCarty  and  himself,  and  bis  predic- 
tions were  correct.  The  affair  served. 
however,  as  a  recognition  of  his  leader- 
ship, and  increased  his  popularity,  and 
widened  his  local  fame  into  a.  National 
reputation. 

At  the  first  National  Republican  con- 
vention he  made  one  of  his  characteristic 
speeches,  so  apt,  so  humorous,  and  so  ad 
mirably  effective,  that  the  whole  country 
rang  with  it.  and  he  was  made  permanent 
president  of  the  convention  at  Philadel- 
phia, June  17,  185.6,  which  nominated 
John  C.  Fremont  for  President,  and  Wil- 
liam L.  Dayton  for  Vice-President,  the 
first  organized  effort  to  stay  the  flood  of 
slavery  with  force  enough  to  make  itself 
felt  and  feared. 

Mr.  Lane  was  nominated  for  Governor 
Feb.  22,  I860,  with  Oliver  P.  Morton  for 
Lieutenant-Governor,  the  strongest  team 
ever  set  to  pull  a  ticket  through  in  this 
or  any  other  State.  Working  to  the  same 
end,  with  all  their  might,  at  the  same 
time,  they  redeemed  the  State  and  with 
but  two  or  three  disturbing  occasions, 
kept  it  safe  for  fourteen  years. 

On  the  14th  of  January,  1861,  Mr. 
Lane  was  inaugurated  Governor,  and  on 
the  17th  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  in  accordance  with  what,  if  not 
the  definite  understanding  of  the  Repub- 
lican leaders,  was  the  general  expectation 
of  the  party.  Lieutenant-Governor  Mor- 
ton succeeded  him  as  Governor.  The 
Senate  was  an  indifferent  Held  for  the 
exercise  of  his  peculiar  talents  and  he 
never  made  a  figure  there  commensurate 
with  his  popular  reputation  and  real 
ability.  He  was  not  a  debater,  though 
one  of  the  readiest  and  most  copious  of 
speakers.  Resolute  in  his  convictions  and 
conclusions  as  he  was,  he  was  never  pug- 
nacious, always  avoiding  unnecessary  dis- 
pute. After  the  expiration  of  his  Sena- 
torial term  he  never  re-entered  political 
life,     and     never    again    undertook    any 


I    12 


H-'   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


public  service  except  as  I  ndian  Peace  ( !om- 
missioner  appointed  by  General  Grant. 

Col.  I  jane  was  twice  married  ;  tirst.  to 
Miss  Pamela  Bledsoe  Jameson,  of  his  old 

Kentucky  neighbor!) 1.    who  died   while 

at  Washington  with  him  in  1842,  and 
three  years  later  he  married  Miss  Joanna 
Piston,  the  talented  daughter  of  Major 
Isaac  Elston,  of  ( 'ra wt'ordsville.  with  whom 
he  was  afterwards  associated  in  the  bank 
ing  business. 

Col.  Lane  died  very  suddenly  on  June 
I'-'ih.  1881,  of  neuralgia  of  the  heart,  in 
his  seventieth  year.  His  death  was  keenly 
felt  all  over  the  State,  for  though  he  had 
long  since  retired  from  the  public  view, 
his  popularity  had  never  waned.  Pells 
were  tolled  all  over  the  State  and  flags 
were  put  at  half  mast.  Genuine  mourning 
prevailed, 

In  his  social  relations  Col.  Lane  was 
one  of  the  kindest  and  most  genial  of  men. 
Hi'  was  a  pure,  true  and  courteous  gentle- 
man, and  not  the  less  a  genuine  Christian; 
that  he  made  no  parade  of  religious  senti- 
ments.     All   his    life   was  mellowed   hv   a 


sympathetic  kindness,  which  stood  out  so 
prominently  in  his  noble  character.  His 
lack  of  a  strong  ambition  made  him  the 
better  man,  though  the  less  powerful 
leader.  His  terrible  powers  of  ridicule  he 
seldom  used  in  argument,  hut  when  he 
did  few  cared  to  be  its  object.  His  ambi- 
tion was  none  of  the  gaudy  kind,  or  he 
would  have  made  his  rare  abilities  a  terror 
to  rivals  As  it  washe  never  had  rivals — 
only  friends. 

FREMONT  GOODWINE. 

The  story  of  the  life  of  Fremont  Good  wine 
is  full  of  struggles  under  unfavorable  cir- 
cumstances, triumphs  over  which  have 
given  so  many  of  America's  great  men 
just  reason  to  feel  proud  of  their  record 
and  personal  achievements.  Mr.  Good- 
wine  began  life  on  the  farm  of  his  father, 
-lames  Goodwine,  near  West  Lebanon, 
Indiana,  May  22,  1857.  As  a  boy  he 
struggled  along  for  an  education  in  the 
winter  time  in  the  country  schools,  work- 
ing on  the  farm  in  the  summer.  He  at- 
tended the  West  Lebanon  High  School 
and  finished  his  education  at  Purdue  Uni- 
versity. After  leaving  college  Mr.  Good- 
wine's  first  occupation  was  that  of  a 
teacher  in  the  country  district  school  at 
$40  per  month.  Pater  he  worked  for  the 
H.  K.  &  E.  Railway  Company,  as  agent. 
at  a  salary  of  $29  per  month,  after  which 
he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  of  West  Lebanon  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three  years,  in  which  position  he 
continued  for  six  years.  In  1887  Mi'. 
Goodwine  was  elected  County  School 
Superintendeni  of  Warren  county,  and 
served  with  credit  for  six  years.  In  the 
following  year.  1893,  he  organized  the 
Williamsport  State  Bank,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $50,000,  became  its  first  president 
and  still  holds  that  office  in  the  company. 
He  assisted  in  organizing  the  Williams- 
port  Stone  Company  and  the  Warren 
County  Dry  Goods  Company,  in  Williams 
port    and     the  Farmers     Bank     at     West 


OF   THE   STATE    ( >F    INDIANA. 


Lebanon,  in  each  of  which  corporations 
he  is  a  director.  He  is  also  a  stockholder 
and  director  in  the  Winona  Assembly  and 
Summer  School  at  Winona  Lake,  Indiana. 

As  an  honorable  and  upright  politician 
Mr.  (rood wine  has  the  entire  confidence  of 
his  constituents  in  the  Senatorial  district 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Warren. 
Benton  and  Fountain,  from  which  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  lS9f>.  Mr. 
Goodwine  served  in  the  Senate  in  the  leg- 
islatures of  1897  and  1899,  in  which  latter 
body  he  was  the  Chairman  of  the  Senate 
Education  Committee,  and  the  author  of 
the  Goodwine  State  Board  of  Education 
bill.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Mount  a  member  of  the  special  legislative 
committee  to  visit  the  State  institutions. 
for  which  his  business  abilities  and  expe- 
rience well  qualified  him.  The  commission 
made  a  valuable  report  to  the  legislature 
of  1899,  which  is  the  most  complete  de- 
scription of  the  State  institutions  with  the 
detailed  account  of  their  expenditures  and 
needs  which  was  ever  published,  and  is  re- 
garded highly  as  a  book  of  reference  along 
the  lines  of  State  institutions. 

Mr.  Goodwine  has  been  twice  married: 
first,  at  West  Lebanon,  Indiana,  in  187S. 
to  Miss  Etta  A.  Walker,  deceased;  and 
second,  at  Green  Hill,  Indiana,  to  .Mary 
J.  Moore,  in  1890.  He  has  two  children. 
Jeanne  Gladys  and  Marjorie.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  University  Club,  of  Indi- 
anapolis, and  a  member  of  the  orders  of 
F.  &  A.  M..  K.  of  P..  O.  E.  S..  K.  ( >.  T.  M.. 
R.  A.  M..  Scottish  Rite  Masons,  and  a 
member  of  the  Sigma  ( 'hi  Fraternity. 

Besides  his  reputation  as  a  politician 
and  a  banker.  Mr.  Goodwine  is  well  known 
as  a  practical  farmer.  He  personally 
directs  the  management  of  1,300  acres  of 
farm  land,  raising  all  farm  products  and 
considerable  stock.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Farmers'  National  Congress  at  St. 
Paul  in  1897.  Mi-.  Goodwine  is  not  a 
farmer  by  residence,  however.  He  resides 
in  a  beautiful  home  in  Williamsport,  with 
which  his  farms  are  connected  by  telephone. 


NICHOLAS  FILBECK. 

Nicholas  Filbeck,  of  Terre  Haute,  is 
one  of  the  most  active  and  best  known  of 
Indiana  Republicans.  He  was  born  on 
December  14.  1^4:'..  in  YTiemheim.  Hesse 
Darmstadt.  Germany,  the  son  of  Philip 
and  Anna  Marie  Filbeck  lb-  came  to 
America  with  his  parents  from  Germany 
in  1S47,  residing  in  Indianapolis  until 
Is.".:1..  His  family  then  removed  to  Terre 
Haute,  where  his  father  was  engaged  in 
the  grocery  and  milling  business  until  bis 
death  in  1st;.",. 

Mr.  Filbeck's  early  education  was  ac- 
quired in  the  public  school  of  Terre  Haute, 
and  then  went  to  work  tot-  his  father  in 
the  grocery  business,  where  be  remained 
four  years,  and  then  enlisted  in  the  army 
for  the  Civil  War.  < 'n  hi-  return  from 
war.  Mr.  Filbeck  continued  in  the  milling 
business  with  his   father  until   the  latter'- 


114 


HISToUY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


death,  and  then  entered  the  hotel  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  lias  since  successfully 
continued  in  Terre  Haute. 

Mr.  Filbeck  entered  the  army  as  a  pri- 
vate in  Company  E.  Thirty-Second  Regi- 
ment Indiana  Volunteers.  Hewasoffered 
a  promotion  for  gallant  service  in  battle, 
over  all  the  other  noncommissioned  offi- 
cers, to  orderly  sergeant,  hut  declined  it. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  right  leg  at  the 
battle  of  Stone  River. 

Mr.  Filheck's  political  ability  is  of  the 
highest  order.  He  has  served  on  the  lie- 
publican  committees  of  Vigo  county  since 
1865.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
committee  in  1867,  and  in  1*71'.  through 
the  resignation  of  a  discouraged  chairman. 
he  was  offered  the  chairmanship  of  the 
committee,  and  being  urged  to  do  so  by  a 
number  of  the  most  prominent  Republi- 
cans of  Indiana,  including  Governor  Mor- 
ton, he  accepted  it  and  served  several 
years  in  that  capacity.  He  has  also  served 
on  the  State  committees  several  terms  and 
is  known  to  Republican  leaders  as  a  thor- 
oughly capable  and  energetic  party  worker. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Terre 
Haute  in  1873  by  President  Grant  and  re- 
appointed by  President  Hayes,  serving 
eight  years  with  great  credit  to  himself 
and  party.  There  have  been  few  Na- 
tional, State  or  District  conventions  since 
1865  which  Mr.  Filbeck  has  not  attended. 
and  generally  in  the  capacity  of  a  dele- 
gate. He  is,  of  course,  best  known  in 
Western  Indiana,  and  possesses  the  high 
esteem  of  his  fellow  citizens. 

Mr.  Filbeck  is  a  member  of  the  Terre 
Haute  Club,  the  Commercial  Club,  a 
Mason,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  P.,  Tribe 
of  Ben  Hur.  Veterans"  Association.  A.  <  >. 
U.  W.  and  Germania  Societies.  He  was 
married  in  1867  to  Miss  Rosina  Fiefner, 
of  Lawrence  county,  Illinois.  They  have 
five  children.  Anna  Marie,  Catherine 
Louise,  Charles  Henry.  Rutherford  Nicho- 
las and  Xelle  Cecelia, 


CHAELES  WARREN    FAIRBANKS. 

We  are  fond  of  talking  of  "the  giants 
of  the  past*"  and  those  of  us  who  happen 
to  be  poets  or  old  women  are  prone  to 
dream  of  the  wonderful  times  gone  by: 
but  the  plain  truth,  freely  recognized  by 
every  student  of  the  world's  history,  is 
that  the  present  is  the  strongest  generation 
of  men  the  world  has  ever  known.  It  is 
the  age  of  great  things,  when  the  genius 
of  a  Kitchener  in  accomplishing  a  feat 
that  the  greatest  generals  of  the  world, 
from  Cyrus  and  Alexander  down  to  Tam- 
erlane and  Napoleon,  have  partly  failed  in 
excites  but  the  comment  of  a  day.  when 
the  upbuilding  of  a  Chicago  into  a  greater 
city  than  Rome  ever  was  is  taken  as  a 
matter  of  course  and  when  even  the  con- 
quest of  the  great  forces  of  nature  is  a 
story  of  the  every  day.  Better  still,  it  is 
the  age  when  mind  and  force  of  character 
make  for  individual  greatness,  instead  of 
the  accident  of  birth  or  the  favoritism  of 
kings. 

He  who  would  win  in  the  free  and  tierce 
competition  of  to-day  must  be  equipped  for 
the  struggle  with  intellect  to  comprehend 
things  in  their  just  proportion,  with  pluck 
that  recognizes  no  discouragement  and 
with  a  patient  industry  that  knows  no 
fatigue.  These  and  the  commoner  virtues 
he  must  have  to  win  even  a  niche  of 
mediocrity  among  the  world's  workers, 
but  to  accomplish  greater  things  he  must 
add  honesty  of  purpose,  the  genius  of  com- 
mand and  forceful  motive  that  aims  broad- 
ly and  courageously  at  the  betterment  of 
humanity.  These  are  the  qualities  that 
have  brought  Charles  Warren  Fairbanks 
from  the  humble  station  of  a  farmer's  lad 
to  the  position  of  one  of  a  few  men  con- 
tn  tiling  the  destinies  of  the  greatest  Repub- 
lic the  world  has  known. 

Mr.  Fairbanks  was  born  May  ]  1.  1852, 
on  his  father's  farm  in  Union  county.  ( >hio. 
His  parents,  Loreston  M.  and  Mary  A. 
Fairbanks,  were  natives  of   Vermont  and 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


115 


New  York  and  had  emigrated  to  the  wil- 
derness in  1  836.  The  boy  attended  the 
country  school  and  worked  on  Ins  father's 
farm,  worked  none  the  less  patiently  and 
industriously  because  he  hoped  to  leave 
the  farm  behind  and  launch  into  a  greater 
and  broader  life  when  he  reached  man- 
hood. When  the  time  came  he  was  aide 
to  go  to  college,  where  he  hoped  to  fit  him- 
self for  the  profession  of  law.  At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  was  ready  and  entered  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University  at  Delaware. 
There  he  met  and  fell  in  love  with  Miss 
Cornelia  Cole,  a  fellow  student,  daughter 
of  Judge  P.  B.  Cole,  of  Marysville,  Ohio. 
The  affection  was  returned  and  the  college 
days  were  days  of  happiness.  But  they 
were  days  of  work  as  well  and  no  student 
ever  went  through  the  university  who  ac- 
complished more  than  young  Fairbanks. 
In  addition  to  his  classroom  work,  during 
his  senior  year  be  edited  the  Western 
Collegian,  the  college  publication.  He 
graduated  in  the  classical  course  in  ls72 
and  spent  the  next  two  years  in  the  study 
of  law.  supporting  himself  in  the  mean- 
time by  newspaper  work  in  Pittsburg  and 
Cleveland.  In  1874  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  and 
removed  to  Indianapolis  to  begin  the  prac- 
tice of  law.  He  looked  to  the  future  with- 
out fear  and  soon  after  removing  to  the 
field  of  his  life  work  the  attachment  that 
bad  been  begun  in  college  was  crowned 
with  marriage  ami  he  and  his  bride  started 
out  to  meet  the  world  together.  Long- 
years  of  serene  domestic  happiness  have 
blessed  the  marriage  and  this  first  and 
only  love  of  his  life  has  made  bis  home  not 
only  a  haven  of  rest  from  the  cares  of  the 
world  hut  also  a  constant  source  of  sympa- 
thetic encouragement  ami  help. 

A  great  law  practice  was  not  built  up 
in  a  day  nor  in  a  year  and  Air.  Fairbanks 
suffered  the  same  discouragements  and 
delays  that  fall  to  the  lot  of  every  young 
man  who  opens  a  law  office  in  a  compara- 
tively strange  city.      But  he  worked  ener- 


getically and  Won  tile  eases  he  secured, 
lived  economically,  contracted  no  debts 
and  kept  his  record  clean.  Such  a  lite  will 
always  win  respect  in  an  American  com- 
munity and  he  invariably  won  the  confi- 
dence and  good  will  of  those  with  whom 
he  came  in  contact.  Mr.  Fairbanks  was 
quick  to  see  that  the  great  prizes  of  the 
legal  profession  lay  in  equity  practice  in 
the  Federal  courts.  In  time  his  practice 
branched  out  until  he  was  employed  in 
many  of  the  most  important  cases  that 
arose  in  the  Federal  courts  of  Indiana  and 
adjoining  States.  His  fame  as  a  great 
lawyer  and  man  of  sound  judgment  in 
large  affairs  spread  to  New  York  and  he- 
fore  he  was  thirty-five  his  counsel  was 
sought  in  various  important  transactions 
and  legal  controversies  in  various  parts  of 
the  country.  EastandWest.  The  problem 
of  living  was  solved  and  solved  hand- 
somely, but  he  realized  thoroughly  that 
the  question  of  money-making  was  not  by 
any  means  all  there  is  in  life,  hut  that  a 
comfortable  fortune  simply  gives  the  basis 
of  safety  and  leisure  for  greater  things. 
He  devoted  not  a  little  of  his  energy  and 
ability  to  educational  and  religious  mat- 
ters, acting  as  trustee  of  the  ( >hio  Wesleyan 
University  and  the  Meridian  street  Metho- 
dist church  in  Indianapolis  and  helping  to 
found  the  Indiana  Law  School.  He  also 
participated  prominently  in  the  movement 
to  establish  the  Consumers'  Gas  Trust,  a 
co-operative  enterprise  by  which  natural 
gas    has    been     supplied    to     the    people    of 

Indianapolis  at  cost. 

While  never  seeking  office,  and  in  fact 
declining  several  that  were  tendered  to 
him.  he  took  an  active  interest  in  political 
affairs  from  the  start  and  contributed 
freely  of  his  time,  ability  ami  money  for 
the  success  of  Republican  principles.  It 
was  not  long  until  his  services  as  a  speaker 
were  in  demand,  not  only  in  Indiana  hut  in 
many  other  States.  When  .Judge  Gresham 
was  a  candidate  for  the  Presidential  nomi 
nation,   in    ISS8,   his    followers    naturally 


in; 


IF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


looked  to  Mr.  Fairbanks,  as  the  most  promi- 
nciit  of  his  friends,  for  leadership.  He 
made  a  gallant  fight  and  a  loyal  one,  bu1 

when  it  was  over  and  Harrison  was  nomi- 
nated, Mr.  Fairbanks  was  the  first  to  begin 

active  work  for  his  flection,  redoubling 
his  efforts.  In  1892  he  worked  actively 
for  the  renomination  of  ( ren.  Harrison  and 
gave  up  more  than  six  months  of  arduous 
work  for  his  election,  traveling  day  and 
night  and  often  making  two  speeches  a 
day.  He  presided  over  the  Indiana  State 
convention  that  year  and  his  convention 
speech  served  as  the  keynote  of  the  cam- 
paign in  Indiana. 

The  Republican  minority  in  the  legis- 
lature of  1893  cast  its  complimentary  vote 
for  him  for  the  Senatorship  and  when  the 
party  was  reorganized,  in  1894,  he  was 
looked  upon  as  its  undisputed  leader.  In 
]s;n>.  when  the  crucial  question  of  what 
position  the  party  should  take  on  the  sil- 
ver question  came  up,  he  exercised  a  very 
effective  influence  iii  shaping  its  policy. 
As  had  been  the  case  for  a  number  of 
years,  he  was  asked  to  act  as  chairman  of 
a  subcommittee  for  the  purpose  of  draft- 
ing a  platform  to  he  presented  to  the  reso- 
lutions committee  of  the  State  convention. 
He  drafted  the  famous  plank  of  the  Indi- 
ana platform  that  had  so  much  to  do  with 
causing  the  National  convention  at  St. 
Louis,  a  few  weeks  later,  to  declare  for 
the  gold  standard.  The  State  convention 
chose  him  as  one  of  the  delegates  at  large 
to  the  National  convention  and  he  was 
unanimously  chosen  as  temporary  presid- 
ing officer  for  the  National  gathering. 
He  was  known  at  St.  Louis  as  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  movement  to  nominate 
Mc'Kinley  and  has  ever  since  been  one  of 
the  President's  closest  friends  and  most 
trusted  advisers. 

As  temporary  chairman  of  the  conven- 
tion lie  was  expected  to  make  an  address 
and  it  is  easier  to  understand  the  heavy 
responsibility  involved  in  this  when  we  re- 
call the  fact  that  at  that  time  both  parties 


were  very  much  at  sea  upon  the  silver 
question  and  the  speech  of  the  temporary 

chairman  was  likely  to  have  great  effect 
in  shaping  the  deliberations  of  the  conven- 
tion. In  the  light  of  subsequent  events 
Mr.  Fairbanks'  broad  comprehension  of 
the  situation  seems  almost  pathetic.  In 
discussing  this  question  he  said: 

"Those  who  profess  to  believe  that  this 
Government  can.  independently  of  the  other 
great  commercial  powers,  open  its  mints 
to  the  free  and  independent  coinage  of 
silver  at  a  ratio  of  16  to  1.  when  the  com- 
mercial ratio  in  all  the  great  markets  is 
30  to  1.  and  at  the  same  time  not  drive 
every  dollar  of  gold  out  of  circulation,  hut 
deceive  themselves.  Great  and  splendid 
and  powerful  as  our  Government  is.  it  can- 
not accomplish  the  impossible.  It  cannot 
create  value.  It  has  not  the  alchemist's 
subtle  art  of  transmitting  unlimited  silver 
into  gold;  nor  can  it.  by  omnipotent  Hat. 
make  fifty  cents  worth  100  cents.  As 
well  undertake  by  a  resolution  of  Congress 
to  suspend  the  law  of  gravitation  as  at- 
tempt to  compel  an  unlimited  number  of 
fifty-cent  dollars  to  circulate  with  one- 
hundred-cent  dollars  at  a  parity  with  each 
other.  An  attempt  to  compel  unlimited 
dollars  of  such  unequal  value  to  circulate 
at  a  parity  is  had  in  morals  and  is  vicious 
in  policy.  Sound  thinkers  on  the  great 
question  of  currency  knew  from  the  be- 
ginning of  the  experiment  how  miserable 
and  how  certain  it  would  fail.  The  com- 
merce of  the  country  would  he  again 
thrown  upon  the  sea  of  uncertainty  and 
the  specter  of  want  would  continue  to 
haunt  us  for  years  to  come.  Upon  opening 
our  mints  to  the  independent  free  coinage 
of  silver  foreign  credits  would  he  with- 
drawn and  domestic  credits  would  he 
greatly  curtailed.  More  than  this,  there 
would  he  a  certain  and  sudden  contraction 
of  our  currency  by  the  expulsion  of  $620,- 
000,000  of  gold,  and  our  paper  and  silver 
currency  would  instantly  and  greatly  de- 
preciate   in   purchasing  power.      But  one 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA.  117 

result  would  follow  this :  Enterprise  would  currencj'.  The  laborer  know*,  thai  the 
be  further  embarrassed,  business  demor-  money  earned  by  his  toil  is  as  lionestashis 
alization  would  he  increased,  and  still  labor,  and  that  it  is  of  unquestioned  pur- 
further  and  serious  injury  would  he  in-  chasing  power.  He  likewise  knows  that 
tlieted  on  the  laborers,  the  farmers  and  it  requires  as  mucb  labor  in  earn  a  poor 
merchants,  and  all  those  whose  welfare  dollar  as  it  does  to  earn  a  good  one;  and  he 
depends  upon  a  wholesome  commerce.  also  knows  that  if  pour  money  is  abroad  it 

•-A  change  from  the  present  standard  surely  finds  its  way  into  his  pocket. 
to  the  low  silver  standard  would  cut  down  "We  protest  against  lowering  our 
the  recompense  of  labor,  reduce  the  value  standard  of  commercial  honor.  We  stand 
of  the  savings  in  savings  hanks  ami  build-  against  the  Democratic  attempt  to  degrade 
ing  and  loan  associations,  salaries  and  our  currency  to  the  low  level  of  Mexico, 
incomes  would  shrink,  pensions  would  he  China.  India  and  Japan.  The  present  high 
cut  in  two.  the  beneficiaries  of  lif e  insur-  standard  of  our  currency,  our  labor  and 
ance  would  suffer — in  short,  the  injury  our  flag  will  be  sacredly  protected  and  pre- 
would  he  so  universal  and  far  reaching  served  by  the  Republican  party." 
that  a  radical  change  can  be  contemplated  After  the  terrific  struggle  of  L896  tin- 
only  with  the  gravest  apprehension.  Republicans  found  themselves  with  a  ma- 

"A  sound  currency  is  one  of  the  essen-  jority  in  both  branches  of  the  legislature 

tial  instruments  in  developing  our  com-  which  was  to  elect  a  successor  to  Senator 

merce.     It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Republican  Voorhees.      There    had    been    a    general 

party   not    only   to  develop  our  domestic  feeling    that    Mr.     Fairbanks    should    be 

trade,    but   to  extend   our   commerce   into  the  next  Senator,  and  this  feeling  was  so 

the    uttermost    parts  of    the    earth.      We  deeply  rooted  in  the  party  that    when   the 

should  not  begin  our  contest  for  commer-  friends  of  W.  R.  McKeen,  of  Terre  Haute, 

cial  supremacy  by  destroying  our  currency  announced  him  as  a  candidate  and  made 

standard.      All    the   leading    powers   with  a  warm  campaign  for  him.  they  were  un- 

which  we  must  compete  suspended  the  free  able  to  make  any  progress,  and  on  the  eve 

coinage  of  silver  when   the  increased   pro-  of  the    Senatorial    caucus    his    name    was 

duction  of  silver    forced    the    commercial  withdrawn   and    the  nomination   went   to 

ratio  of  silver  above  the  coinage  ratio  in  Mr.  Fairbanks  by  acclamation.      He  was 

gold.     Shall  we  ignore  their  ripened  ex-  elected   in    due  time   and    assumed   office 

perience?     Shall    we    attempt    what    they  March  4.   LM'7. 

found  utterly  impossible ?     Shall  it  he  said  Mr.    Fairbanks   had  the  advantage  of 

that  our  standard  is  below  theirs?  being  a  man  of  National  reputation  before 

"You  cannot  build   prosperity  upon  a  he  entered  the  Senate,  with  such  a  general 

debased  and  fluctuating  currency;  as  well  and    intimate   acquaintance    among    the 

undertake    to    build    upon    the   changing  members  that  he  was  not  expected  to  serve 

sands  of  the  seas.     A  sound  currency  de-  the  usual  apprenticeship  of  a  term  before 

frauds  no  one.      It   is   good   alike   in    the  accomplishing  anything.      From   the  start 

hands  of  the  employe  and    employer,  the  he  took   a    prominent    part    in   legislation, 

laborer  and  the  capitalist.      Upon  faith  in  and   his  ability  was  recognized  with  the 

its   worth,    its   stability,    we   go    forward  appointment  as  chairman  of  the  important 

planning  for  the   future.     The  capitalist  committee    on    immigration.     The    same 

erects  his  factories,  acquires  his  materials,  keen    intelligence,    breadth    of    view   and 

employs  his  artisans,  mechanics  and  labor-  soundness  of  judgment  that  had  won  him 

ers.     He  is  confident  that   his  margin  will  such    prominence   in    his   profession   soon 

not  he  swept   away   by  fluctuations  in   the  earned  him  a  large  place  in  the  councils  of 


HISTORY    OF   TDK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


k  oCyr^tuA 


the  Nation,  and  duriugthe  trying  war  times 
of  L898  his  counsel  was  much  sought. 
When  tile  United  States  and  Great  Britain 
agreed  to  form  a  joint  high  commission  for 

the  discussion  and  settlement  of  various 
questions  in  dispute  between  this  country 
and  Canada,  Mr.  Fairbanks  was  chosen  as 
the  chairman  of  the  American  part  of  this 
distinguished  body,  and,  though  its  work- 
is  not  yet  completed,  his  conduct  of  the 
negotiations  has  won  him  further  honor 
and  distinction. 

Mr.  Fairbanks  takes  his  political  service 
as  seriously  as  he  did  his  professional  work, 
not  hesitating  to  give  to  his  country  the 
very  best  there  is  in  him  in  untiring  work, 
conscientious  thought  and  patriotic  mo- 
tive. Though  just  entering  the  prime  of 
lite,  he  lias  accomplished  much  more  than 
is  done  by  the  man  ordinarily  accounted 
great,  and  yet  he  regards  his  life  work  as 
but  fairly  begun.  In  the  full  vigor  of 
manhood  and  with  unimpaired  health,   it 

is    but    reasonable   to   believe    that    lie     lias 


before  him  many  years  of  high  useful- 
ness to  his  country  and  to  humanity. 

JACOB    D.    EARLY. 

Senator   Jacob    D.  Early,    of   Terre 

Haute,  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing Republican  members  of  the  Indiana 
Senate,  and  is  one  of  the  most  efficient 
and  reputable  lawyers  of  the  State.  His 
legal  ability  was  quickly  recognized  in  the 
Senate,  where,  in  the  session  of  L897,  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
the  revision  of  the  constitution,  and  in 
L899  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee. His  influence  is  always  felt. 
though  more  through  a  silent,  consistent 
attitude  upon  questions  than  through 
what  he  says,  though  his  remarks  are 
sound  in  logic,  and  have  great  weight. 
Senator  Early  is  extremely  popular  with 
all  who  know  him  and  his  ability  and 
strong  character  have  ever  commanded 
the  respect  of  his  associates. 

Jacob  Drennan  Early  was  born  in  Terre 
Haute,  Indiana.  Nov.  4.  L859.  His  father, 
Samuel  Stockwell  Early,  being  a  banker 
and  pork  packer.  Senator  Early  traces 
his  descent  to  Thomas  Early,  who  came  to 
America  in  174-2.  He  is  a  great-great- 
grandson  of  Charles  A.  Warfield,  of  Mary- 
land, a  Major  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
He  is  a  grandson  of  General  T.  B.  An- 
drews, Paymaster- General  of  the  Union 
army  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 

Mr.  Early  received  his  early  education 
in  Dr.  Atkinson's  School  in  Baltimore. 
He  graduated  first  in  his  class  at  Kenyon 
College  in  L879.  Later  he  studied  law  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  liar  at  Terre  Haute  in  Sep- 
tember. L883.  Since  then  he  has  been 
very  successfully  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  Terre  Haute,  and  is  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Western 
Indiana. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
State  Central  Committee  in  1  ss4  and  was 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


119 


a  member  <>f  tlie  executive  committee  in 
1886.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  convention  in  L888  which  nomin- 
ated General  Harrison  for  the  Presidency. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  Senate 
in  1896  and  immediately  took  a  high  rank 
in  that  body.  In  1897  he  introduced  the 
bills  for  the  two  constitutional  amend- 
ments which  are  now  pending  and  which 
will  be  voted  upon  in  1900,  one  giving  the 
legislature  the  right  to  determine  the 
qualifications  necessary  for  admission  to 
the  bar  and  the  other  providing  for  the 
increase  of  the  Supreme  Court,  both  passed 
by  the  legislatures  of  1897  and  1S99. 

Senator  Early  is  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason  and  a  Noble  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 
Son  of  the  American  Revolution.  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  and  the  college  fraternity.  Psi  Up- 
silon.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Terre  Haute 
Club  and  of  the  Columbia  Clubof  Indiana 
polis. 


ROBERT  E.  MANSFIELD. 

Robert  E.  Mansfield,  owner  and  ed- 
itor of  the  Million  Morn iiii/  News,  is  one 
of  the  active  workers  among  the  younger 
class  of  Republicans  in  Indiana,  and  has 
been  prominently  identified  with  the  party 
organization  in  the  State  during  the  past 
ten  years.  He  was  born  on  a  farm  in 
Decatur  county.  Iowa.  June  13,  lvii">. 
His  father.  R.  C  Mansfield,  and  his  mother, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Thornburg.  were 
natives  of  Delaware  county,  Indiana,  his 
ancestors  being  the  pioneers  of  that  county. 
He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  stock,  being  a  lineal 
descendant  of  the  Irish  patriot  and  martyr. 
Robert   Emmet,  for  whom  he  was  named. 

Mr.  Mansfield  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  county. 
In  l*s4  he  came  to  Indiana,  locating  in 
New  Castle,  where  he  became  city  editor 
of  the  New  <  'astle  (  'ourier,  and  since  then 
his  time  has  been  divided  between  politics 
and  journalism.  In  l^s?  he  was  elected 
city  clerk  of  New  Castle,  and  it  was  there 


u^W^JcX^ 


that  he  acquired  a  taste  for  politics  and 
sin  iwed  a  genius  f<  >r  <  >rganizati<  >n  that  later 
led  him  into  the  broader  field  of  party  work- 
in  the  State. 

In  1890  Mr.  Mansfield  was  chosen  as 
assistant -secretary  of  the  Republican  state 
committee,  under  chairman  Michener  and 
secretary  Millikan.  At  the  close  of  the 
campaign  he  went  to  Muncie,  Ind..  where 
he  became  city  editor  of  the  Daily  Times. 
and  later  became  city  editor  of  the  Morn 
/in/  NeiCS  of  that  city.  In  IS91  here 
turned  to  Indianapolis,  where  be  became 
connected  with  the  Indianapolis  Journal. 

At  tlie  annual  meeting  of  the  Indiana 
Lincoln  League,  in  1  >'.':.'.  he  was  unani- 
mously elected  secretary  of  the  organiza- 
tion, and  at  once  took  charge  of  the  work 
of  organizing  a  system  of  clubs  through- 
out the  State. 

After  the  campaign  of  1892,  be  again 
took  up  newspaper  work  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  IS9±,  when  he  was  for  the 
second  time  unanimously  elected  Secretary 


HISTORY    <)F    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


nf  the  Indiana  League  of  Republican  Chilis, 
and  was  identified  with  the  organization 
of  the  party  in  the  campaign  of  1894,  when 
tlie  Republicans  carried  the  State  by  the 
largest  majority  ever  given  for  any  party 
in  the  history  of  Indiana  polities. 

An  extensive  acquaintance  throughout 
the  State  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  detail  work  of  the  party  organization, 
acquired  during  his  connection  with  the 
committee  in  the  campaigns  of  1890,  1892 
and  1894,  made  him  the  logical  candidate 
for  the  secretaryship  of  the  State  com- 
mittee in  1896,  and  at  the  reorganization 
of  the  party  for  the  National  campaign  he 
was  elected  to  thai  position.  And  it  was 
in  the  McKinley  campaign  of  L896,  when 
the  party  organization  in  the  State  was 
torn  with  internal  dissensions,  and  con 
fronted  with  a  new  and  dangerous  issue, 
the  free  silver  fallacy,  that  Mr.  Mansfield's 
ability  as  an  organizer  was  demonstrated. 
When  hitter  factional  feeling  threatened 
to  disrupt  the  party  and  destroy  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  State  organization,  the  secre- 
tary, with  rare  tact  and  diplomacy,  acting 
in  the  capacity  of  pacifier  and  harmonizer 
with  the  conflicting  elements,  was  a  potent 
factor  in  diverting  a  party  disaster,  and  is 
entitled  to  much  of  the  credit  for  perfect- 
ing one  of  the  most  effective  organizations 

ever  secured   ill   the    State.        His    executive 

ability  and  his  faculty  tor  detail  organi- 
zation enabled  him  to  execute  promptly 
all  the  plans  of  the  State  committee, 
which  made  him  popular,  not  only  with 
the  organization,  hut  with  the  party 
workers  throughout  the  State. 

When  the  election  was  past  and  one  of 
the  most  notable  victories  ever  achieved  in 
the  history  of  Indiana  politics,  including 
the  election  of  a  majority  in  both  branches 
of  the  legislature,  which  resulted  in  the 
election  of  a  Republican  United  States  Sen- 
ator, secretary  Mansfield  was  given  a  large 
-hare  ,,f  the  credit  for  the  splendid  results. 


After  the  election  of  L896,  the  secretary 
of  the  committee  remained  in  Indianapolis, 
ami  with  other  Republican  leaders  devoted 
his  time  previous  to  the  convening  of  the 
legislature  to  the  preparation  of  some  party 
measures  which  were  enacted  into  laws  by 
the  legislature. 

Mr.  Mansfield  is  not  an  orator,  hut  an 
organizer;  he  is  quiet  and  unassuming, 
but  possesses  splendid  executive  ability. 
He  has  the  happy  faculty  of  enlisting  the 
interest  anil  co-operation  of  politicians, 
and  of  harmonizing  and  bringing  together 
the  different  elements  of  the  party.  He 
has  a  genial  personality  and  carries  into 
his  political  work  an  enthusiasm  that  is 
always  a  strong  point  in   his  favor. 

In  189 (  Mr.  Mansfield  purchased  the 
Marion,  hid..  Morning  News  and  has  since 
given  his  time  to  the  management  of  the 
property.  His  long  and  varied  experience 
in  politics  and  journalism  especially  fit 
him  for  the  management  of  a  party  paper, 
and  The  Neivs  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
ablest  and  hest  edited  papers  in  Northern 
Indiana.  In  1899,  Mr.  Mansfield,  after 
having  declined  several  Federal  appoint- 
ments tendered  him.  accepted  the  post  of 
Consul  to  Zanzibar. 


ALBERT  A.   SMALL 

Albert  A.  Small  was  born  in  Me- 
chanicsburg,    Indiana,    on    November   in. 

1  >•  5 7 .  He  graduated  from  Indiana  As- 
bury,  now  DePauw,  University,  in  1882, 
ami  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1885. 
After  leaving  college  .Mr.  Small  located  at 
Anderson,  Indiana,  and  began  the  practice 
of  law.  where  he  now  resides  and  continues 
the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession. 

Mr.  Small  is  one  of  the  most  patriotic, 
unselfish  and  hard  working  Republicans 
of  Indiana.  He  is  a  self-made  man. 
rising  from  the  farm,  ami  is  the  present 
Postmaster  of   Anderson. 


Q.  ^t^c^l^ 


HISTORY    OF   TIIK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


HON.  GEORGE  W.   STEELE. 

<  inly  one  [ndianian,  Mr.  Holman,  has 
more  often  been  nominated  for  Congress 
than  Major  George  W.  Steele,  who  is  now 
serving  his  seventh  term.  The  day  before 
the  assault  upon  Fort  Sumpter Major  Steele 
began  the  practice  of  law  at  Hartford 
City,  after  a  period  of  study  in  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  University  and  in  the  law  office 
of  Ins  father.  Colonel  Ashbury  Steele,  in 
Marion.  On  April  20,  1861,  lie  enlisted 
in  the  Third  Regiment  organized  under  the 
first  call  for  volunteers.  His  company  be- 
ing divided  on  account  of  excess  of  num- 
bers, he  went  with  a  part  of  it  to  the 
Twelfth  Indiana  as  a  first  lieutenant. 
After  a  year  of  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  his  regiment  was  mustered  out, 
and  he  assisted  in  recruiting  the  101st 
Indiana,  in  which  he  became  successively 
lieutenant,  captain,  major  and  lieutenant- 
colonel.  He  served  three  years  with  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  marched 
with  Sherman  to  the  sea  and  in  the  grand 
review  at  Washington.  Seven  months  af- 
ter being  mustered  out  of  the  volunteer 
service  he  was  commissioned  in  the  Four- 
teenth United  States  Infantry,  with  which 
he  served  ten  years.  Upon  his  resigna- 
tion from  the  regular  army  he  returned 
to  Marion  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
pork  packing  until  1880,  when  he  received 
his  first  nomination  for  Congress.  He  has 
been  eight  times  nominated  and  seven 
times  elected  to  Congress,  four  times 
when  the  district  had  a  normal  Demo- 
cratic majority.  President  Harrison  ap- 
pointed Major  Steele  the  first  Governor  of 
Oklahoma;  and  he  served  until  the  Terri- 
torial government  had  been  fully  or- 
ganized, when  he  resigned  and  returned 
in  Marion  and  the  management  of  his  pri- 
vate business,  until  L894,  when  lie  was 
again  nominated  and  elected  to  Congress. 
During  his  first  period  of  service  in  Con- 
gress Major  Steele  was  a  member  of  the 
House  committee  on  military  affairs:  dur- 
ing his  second  he  has  occupied  a  prominent 


place  on  the  leading  Congressional  com- 
mittee, that  of  ways  and  means.  Ten 
years  ago  Major  Steele  secured  the  favora- 
ble action  of  Congress  on  a  hill  providing 
for  the  Marion  branch  of  the  Soldiers' 
Home,  a  magnificent  institution,  repre- 
senting an  investment  of  over  a  million 
dollars.  The  success  of  Major  Steele  as  a 
legislator  and  his  popularity  as  a  politician 
are  due  largely  to  the  possession  of  the 
essentially  military  qualities  of  courage, 
self-command,  ability  to  organize  and 
fidelity  to  a  cause  or  a  friend. 


WM  T.   WHITTINGTON. 

William  T.  Whittington  lives  at 
Crawfordsville,  Montgomery  county,  In- 
diana. He  was  born  December  21st, 
L861,  on  the  farm  near  Waveland,  in  said 
county,  and  worked  for  his  father  until 
old  enough  to  enter  school  on  his  own  ac- 
count. Hisfather,  William  Whittington. 
with  a  family  of  nine  children,  felt  that  a 
common  school  education  was  all  he  could 
give  and  hence  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
earned  the  money  with  which  he  obtained 
his  education  after  leaving  the  country 
school. 

He  is  of  English-Scotch- Irish  and  Ger- 
man descent.  Among  those  in  the  Eng- 
lish branch  wasthefamous  Richard  Whit- 
tington. Lord  Mayor  of  London,  back  to 
whom  the  present  generation  of  Whitting- 
tons  can  trace  their  ancestry.  While  yet 
working  on  the  farm  he  was  inspired  to 
make  the  effort  to  do  something  for  him 
self  in  life,  to  leave  the  farm  and  ob- 
tain an  education,  and  struggle  for  a  po- 
sition in  the  active  world,  by  the  influence 
of  a  sister  three  years  his  senior.  From 
this  time  on  he  had  a  fixed  purpose  in  life, 
and  determined  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
practice  of  law. 

He  spent  two  years  in  Wabash  Col- 
lege, then  entered  the  law  department  of 
the  State  University  of  Michigan,  from 
which  school  he  graduated  with  the  class 


■•^^^■^M. 


L24 


HISTORY    <>K    I'HK    KEPUBLICAN    PARTY 


O-.  6.  TH&s 


of  LSS7.  He  immediately  returned  to 
[ndianaatu]  located  in  Crawfordsville,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  the  Hun.  John 
II.  Burford.  now  Chief  Justice  of  Okla- 
homa. Upon  Judge  Burford's  appoint- 
ment, in  ISS9,  Mr.  Whittington  continued 
tin1  practice  alone  until  the  spring  of  1892, 
when  In-  formed  a  partnership  with  ex- 
Judge  Albert  1).  Thomas,  which  relation 
still  exists.  He  was  a  candidate  for  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  on  the  Republican  ticket 
in  IS90.  He  was  City  Attorney  of  Craw- 
fordsville for  six  years. 

He  has  grown  very  rapidly  as  a  lawyer 
and  stands  high  al  the  bar.  He  is  espe- 
cially strong  as  an  advocate  and  as  atrial 
lawyer.  He  is  engaged  in  the  general 
practice  in  Montgomery  and  adjoining 
counties.  As  a  Republican,  Mr.  Whit- 
tington  is  an  able  representative  of  his 
party,  and  an  aggressive  campaign  worker. 
He  is  a  strong  and  popular  orator  and  is 
in  demand  as  a  campaign  speaker.  Every 
campaign  year  since  he  left  college  he  has 
taken   an  active  part    for  the    Republican 


party  and  Republican  principles  in  his  own 
and  adjoining  comities. 

He  was  urged  to  enter  the  race  for 
the  Republican  nomination  for  Congress 
against  the  Hon.  Charles  B.  Landis  in 
L89S,  hut  declined  to  do  so.  He  is  a 
strong  advocate  as  a  trial  lawyer  and  per- 
haps has  achieved  more  success  as  a  jury 
lawyer  than  in  any  other  field  of  labor. 
He  is  fearless,  capable  and  honest.  He  is 
undoubtedly  a  rising  man  as  a  lawyer  and 
as  a  Republican  worker  in  the  State. 

.Mr.  Whittington  is  an  active  member 
of  the  Baptist  church.  He  was  elected 
President  of  the  Baptist  State  convention 
at  Peru,  [ndiana,  October,  1898.  He  was 
married  in  October,  lssT,  to  Miss  Elva 
Deere.  He  is  at  present  a  member  of  the 
Lincoln  League,  of  the  Lew  Wallace 
Republican  Club,  and  of  the  Masonic  and 
Knights  of  Pythias  fraternities. 


HON.   ALBERT  0.   MARSH. 

Hon.  Albert  Orlando  Maksh  is  a 
type  of  the  sturdy,  conscientious  repub- 
licanism nt  Indiana,  the  man  who  min- 
gles a  high  order  of  ability  with 
courage,  patriotism,  clean  morality  anil 
sound  common  sense,  without  stopping  to 
think  that  his  virtues  are  above  the 
ordinary,  doing  thoroughly  and  well  the 
work  he  finds  before  him  and  asking  praise 
of  no  man  for  doing  what  he  conceives  to 
he  his  simple  duty.  Bred  of  English  stock. 
adropof  blood  has  come  down  to  him  from 
one  of  the  iron-casqued  chaplains  of  Crom- 
well's army  with  a  touch  of  the  same 
dauntless  courage  and  grim  determination 
that  enabled  the  "New  Model"  to  sweep 
the  cavaliers  from  every  field  of  England. 
His  race  is  a  distinctly  warlike  one  and  he 
counts  ancestors  on  both  sides  of  his  house 
in  the  wars  of  the  Revolution  and    L812. 

He  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Ashtabula 
county.  Ohio,  September  If..  1840,  and 
enjoyed  such  educational  advantages  as 
were  at   the   time  found    in   the  ordinary 


OF    THK    STATE    (  IF    IMH  \\  \. 


1'25 


country  schools,  and  a  partial  course  at 
Hiram  College,  where  he  recited  to  James 
A.  Garfield,  the  statesman  and  martyr 
President,  at  a  time  when  the  latter  was  a 
teacher  in  that  institution,  now  celebrated 
because  of  his  connection  with  it. 

Judge  Marsh  enlisted  as  a  private 
soldier,  on  the  1  sth  day  of  April,  1861,  in 
the  Loth  Ohio  Regiment  fur  three  months, 
and  served  this  term  in  West  Virginia, 
having  participated  in  the  engagements  at 
Phillippi,  Laurel  Hill  and  ('arracks  Ford. 
Returning  home  he  was  married  in  Novem- 
ber to  Sarah  M.  Gallenir,  at  Van  Wert. 
In  September.  1  862,  he  enlisted  in  the  46th 
Ohio  infantry,  as  a  private,  was  soon  made 
a  Sergeant,  and  in  June.  IS63,  was  com- 
missioned by  the  President  Captain  of  Com- 
pany F,  in  the  59th  U.  S.  colored  infantry. 
He  was  for  some  time  aide  de-camp  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  R.  P.  Buckland,  then  in 
command  at  Memphis.  Tenn.;  he  also 
served  as  Assistant  Inspector-General  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  A.  L.  Chetlain,  holding 
that  position  until  the  last  of  July.  1m;;.. 
at  which  time  he  was  appointed  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Military  Secret  Service 
Corps,  by  Gen.  John  S.  Smith,  with  head- 
quarters at  Memphis ;  in  February.  1866, 
this  corps  was  disbanded,  and  he  resumed 
civil  life,  coming  directly  to  this  State 
with  the  purpose  of  making  it  his  future 
home.  Having  commenced  the  study  of 
law  before  entering  the  service  of  his 
country,  he  determined  upon  the  adoption 
of  the  legal  profession,  and  resumed  tin- 
study  of  law.  which  he  prosecuted  while 
teaching;  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Jackson  county  by 
the  late  Judge  Bicknell.  in  February.  IS67. 
He  came  to  Winchester.  Indiana,  in  1869, 
and  has  resided  there  ever  since,  except  a 
brief  sojourn  as  a  Federal  official  in  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

In  L876  he  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  25th  Judicial  Circuit, 
then  composed  of  the  counties  of  Ran- 
dolph and  Delaware,  a  position  which  he 


JuA 


/ 


Cy^1^ 


filled  with  distinguished  ability.  In  1.87  s, 
during  his  incumbency  of  the  office  <>t 
Prosecutor,  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republicans  of  his  county  f"r  the  legis- 
lature, but  some  doubt  being  expressed  as 
to  his  eligibility,  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
he  then  held  the  office  of  Prosecuting 
Attorney,  he  withdrew  from  the  ticket. 

In  L8S0  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  on  a  contingency  which  did  1 1 <  > t 
arise,  and  he  made  no  claim  to  the  place. 
In  1883  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  the 
Public  Moneys  and  Disbursing  Agent  at 
Vancouver.  Washington  Territory:  in  the 
campaign  of  Iys4  he  canvassed  the  State 
of  Oregon  and  the  Territory  of  Washing- 
ton for  the  Republican  candidate-,  and  oil 
the  election  and  inauguration  of  Mr. 
Cleveland  as  President,  immediately  ten 
dered  his  resignation  of  the  office,  and 
upon  its  acceptance,  some  months  after- 
wards, returned  to  Winchester  and  re 
smned     the    practice    of     law.        At     the 


126 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PART'S 


general  election  in  1894  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  his  circuit. 

Judge  Marsh  is  a  memher  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  belongs  to  the  Columbia 
Club,  to  many  of  the  fraternal  societies; 
the  Loyal  Leu-ion.  and  was  the  first  Com- 
mander of  the  Post  of  the  G.  A.  R.  at  Win- 
chester, Indiana.  He  was  Department 
( lommander  of  the  I  >epartment  of  Indiana 
from  1894  to  1895;  he  is  now  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  the  National  Encamp- 
ment G.  A.  R.  on  school  histories.  He 
has  always  been  an  active  Republican, 
giving  his  services  to  that  party  at  all 
times.  Has  perhaps  made  more  speeches 
in  his  various  canvasses  than  any  Repub- 
lican speaker  in  the  district,  his  services 
in  this  capacity  being  in  constant  demand 
and  always  gratuitously  and  unselfishly 
rendered,  and  he  has  not  only  rendered 
party  service  upon  the  stump,  hut  has  ac- 
cepted and  discharged  with  great  ability 
and  success  the  more  exacting  and  labor- 
ious though  less  inviting  duties  of  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  committee,  which 
position  he  occupied  in  the  campaigns  of 
L890  and  1892. 

It  can  lie  truly  said  of  him  that  he  never 
dishonored  a  draft  made  upon  him  by  his 
party  in  any  political  campaign.  It  has 
Keen  his  aim  and  effort  to  do  we'll  what- 
ever he  has  undertaken  in  life,  whether  as 
an  official,  in  his  professional  and  business 
capacity  or  in  discharge  of  his  duty  as  a 
citizen:  as  a  result  his  life  has  been 
eminently  a  successful  one.  and  he  com- 
mands the  respect  and  confidence  of  all 
who  know  him.  He  is  by  nature  fitted 
for  leadership;  his  figure  is  commanding 
and  his  presence  dignified,  and  upon  the 
stump  he  has  few  equals;  with  a  magnifi- 
cent voice  and  easy  delivery  he  impresses 
himself  upon  his  audiences  most  strongly 
by  his  earnestness  and  evident  sincerity 
and  honesty.  He  is  the  opposite  of  the 
demagogue  and  always  appeals  to  that 
which  is  best  in  his  auditors,  having  faith 
in    the    honesty    and    patriotism     of     the 


masses.  He  is  a  good  politician,  not  a 
trickster  nor  a  schemer,  but  has  eminent 
practical  judgment  and  foresight  in  all 
political  affairs,  is  a  courageous  fighter 
and  never  permits  himself  to  be  carried  off 
his  feet  by  the  two  opposites.  over  confi- 
dence or  useless  fright. 


JAMES  NOBLE  TYNER. 

JAMES  NOBLE  Tvneb  was  horn  Jan- 
uary 17.  L826,  at  Brookville,  Indiana, 
the  son  of  Richard  Tyner,  a  merchant  and 
general  dealer  in  produce.  The  founder 
of  the  Tyner  family  was  a  Welshman, 
who  emigrated  to  South  Carolina,  and 
settled  in  the  last  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century  near  Columbia,  the  present  capital 
of  the  State.  The  founder  of  the  Noble 
family.  Mr.  Tyner's  maternal  ancestors. 
and  his  wife  were  Scotch  people,  reared 
and  married  near  Dumfries,  Scotland,  who 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1732, 
and  settled  upon  a  large  estate  on  the 
Potomac  river,  opposite  .Mount  Vernon. 
One  of  the  issues  of  this  marriage,  and  the 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
emigrated  from  Maryland  to  Virginia, 
and  thence  to  Kentucky,  settling  near  the 
Ohio  river,  opposite  the  town  of  Rising 
Sun.  Indiana.  He  was  the  father  of  sev- 
eral children,  nearly  all  of  whom  after- 
wards became  residents  of  Indiana.  One 
of  his  sons  was  chosen  as  a  Senator  from 
the  State  of  Indiana  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1816,  upon  the  admission  of  the 
State  into  the  Union,  and  was  twice  after- 
wards re-elected  to  that  position.  He  died 
while  a  member  of  that  body  and  was 
buried  in  the  Congressional  cemetery  at 
Washington.  Another  son,  Noah  Noble. 
was  twice  elected  Governor  of  Indiana  in 
the  '30s.  A  third  son,  Lazarus,  was  the 
first  register  of  the  land  office  at  Indiana- 
polis, Indiana;  a  fourth  son  was  for  many 
years  ( llerk  of  the  ( iourt  in  Wayne  county, 
Indiana:  and  still  another.  Dr.  Benjamin 
S.   Noble,   who  emigrated   to   Iowa   while 


OF    THE    STATE    <>K    INDIANA. 


12  < 


the  State  was  yet  only  sparsely  settled. 
was  conspicuous  in  its  early  politics.     He 

is  stated  to  have  been  the  founder  of  the 
town  of  Indianola.  Iowa,  which  has  since 
grown  to  be  a  place  of  considerable  popu- 
lation and  importance. 

James  Noble  Tyner  received  an  aca- 
demic education  in  the  old  academy,  then 
called  ••Seminary."  in  the  village  of  his 
birth.  After  graduation  he  was  trained 
as  a  merchant  in  his  father's  store,  and 
before  attaining  his  majority  entered  into 
business  for  himself  as  a  merchant  and 
large  dealer  in  produce,  at  Cambridge 
City.  Indiana,  at  which  place  he  estab- 
lished said  business  in  the  year  1846. 
Five  years  afterwards  he  removed  to  Peru, 
Indiana,  where  he  opened  a  large  depart- 
ment store  and  dealt  extensively  in  all 
kinds  of  flour  and  grain.  He  discontinued 
this  business  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year 
L854,  and  shortly  afterwards  commenced 
the  practice  of  law.  having  previously 
studied  that  profession  in  his  boyhood  days 
at  Brookville  with  John  D.  Howland.  who 
was  subsequently  and  for  a  long  period 
Clerk  of  the  United  States  Circuit  and 
District  Courts  at  Indianapolis.  In  1850 
Mr.  Tyner  was  the  first  Republican  candi- 
date for  Representative  in  the  (reneral 
Assembly  from  the  county  of  Miami,  and 
was  defeated  by  a  party  vote.  At  the 
<e^Mi>n  of  the  General  Assembly  the  fol- 
lowing winter  (1857),  he  was  chosen  As- 
sistant-Secretary of  the  Senate,  and  after- 
wards, at  the  special  session  of  1858,  and 
the  regular  sessions  of  1859  and  1861 
served  as  secretary  of  that  body.  In  1860 
he  was  chosen  as  an  elector  on  the  Lincoln 
ticket  for  what  was  then  the  Ninth  Con- 
gressional District,  represented  previously 
and  for  along  period  afterwards  by  Schuy- 
ler Colfax. 

On  the  5th  day  of  March.  1861,  he  was 
appointed,  by  direction  of  President  Lin- 
coln, as  a  special  agent  of  the  Postoffice 
Department,  his  appointment  being  the 
second  that  was  made  or  directed   by  Mr. 


Lincoln  after  his  inauguration.  .Mi-.  Tyner 
served  in  thiscapacity  tor  five  years,  and 
resigned  to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Pern.  Mr.  Tyner  was  fre- 
quently chosen  as  a  delegate  from  the 
county  of  Miami,  in  which  he  resided,  to 
Republican  State  conventions,  and  soon 
became  known  as  an  active  and  influential 
party  worker.  He  was  an  alternate  dele- 
gate from  his  Congressional  District  to 
the  National  convention  which  nominated 
Grant  in  1868,  and  was  a  delegate  at 
large  to  the  National  convention  held  at 
Cincinnati  in  ls7«i.  in  which  he  took  an 
active  part,  and  where  he  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  securing  the  nomination  of 
Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  after  a  protracted 
and  hot  contest. 

He  became  a  diligent  and  successful 
practitioner  of  the  law  from  1861  until  he 
was  chosen  as  a  Representative  in  C<  ingress 
at  a  special  election  in  the  month  of  Feb- 
ruary. 1869.  He  was  twice  re-elected  to 
Congress  from  that  district,  which  was 
then  the  Eighth,  being  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Cass.  Miami.  Wabash,  Grant, 
Howard.  Tipton,  Hamilton  and  Madison. 
He  therefore  served  in  three  Congresses — 
the  Forty-First.  Forty-Second  and  Forty- 
Third.  He  was  made  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  postoffices  and  postroads  in 
the  Forty-First  Congress,  and  served  on 
this  committee  during  that  and  the  Forty- 
Second  Congresses.  In  the  Forty-Third 
Congress  he  was  promoted  to  a  place  on 
the  appropriations  committee,  and  by  the 
chairman.  James  A.  Garfield,  he  was  pul 
in  charge  of  all  appropriations  relating  to 
the  postal  service.  Under  the  rules  of  the 
House  at  that  time  nearly  all  the  impor 
tant  legislation  was  put  upon  the  appro- 
priation bills  in  the  form  of  "  riders, "  and 
passed  in  that  form.  During  the  whole 
of  that  Congress,  therefore,  neai'ly  every 
section  of  the  statutes  relating  to  the 
postal  service  passed  under  Mr.  Tyner's 
supervision.  He  was  one  of  the  subcom 
mittee    during    the    preceding    Congress 


1: 


lllsTnin     OB'   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


detailed  t<>  codify  the  postal  laws,  and  mi  >st 
of  tin-  duties  connected  therewith  devolved 
upon  him.  It  was  an  immense  ami  im- 
portant task  and  resulted  in  the  embodi- 
ineiil  of  all  postal  laws  in  one  act.  which 
on  beingprinted  covered  nearly  200  pages. 
Hi'  was  therefore  mainly  the  author  or 
coditier  of  all  postal  statutes  in  existence 
up  to  that  date.  During  his  three  terms 
in  the  House  he  was  made  chairman  or 
member  of  several  important  select  cam- 
mittees.  and  was  also  during  one  term  a 
member  (and  reallv  the  chairman)  of  the 
committeeon  public  buildings  and  grounds, 
which  reported  and  carried  through  bills 
tor  the  erection  and  completion  of  most  of 
the  public  buildings  designed  for  the  use 
of  postottices.  customhouses  and  courts  in 
all  the  large  cities.  Mr.  Tyner  also  took 
an  active  part  in  pending  measures  for  the 
reconstruction  of  the  late  rebellious  States, 
in  opposition  to  the  continuance  of  the 
grant  of  public  lands  and  the  issuance  of 
government  bonds  in  aid  of  the  construc- 
tion of  railroads,  and  for  other  purposes. 
He  was  frequently  called  to  the  chair  to 
preside  over  the  deliberations  of  the  House 
in  committee  of  the  whole,  as  well  as  in 
regular  session,  by  Hon.  James  G.  Blaine. 
who  was  Speaker  of  that  body  during  the 
three  terms  mentioned,  and  acquired  a 
considerable  reputation  as  a  presiding  offi- 
cer. At  the  close  of  his  last  term  in  Con- 
gress he  was  tendered  the  position  of 
Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  in 
charge  <if  the  entire  contract  system  of 
the  department,  and  entered  upon  the 
duties  thereof  in  the  month  of  March. 
L875.  In  July.  L876,  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General  by  President  Granl 
and  served  acceptably  in  that  position  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  Grant's  second  ad- 
ministration. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  term  of 
President  Hayes,  in  March.  ls77.  and 
after  the  selection  of  David  M.  Key.  an 
ex-Brigadier-General  in  the  Confederate 
army — which    appointment   met  with  al- 


most universal  disfavor  among  the  Repub- 
licans of  the  country — Mr.  Tyner  was 
besieged  by  the  President,  nearly  all  the 
Republican  members  of  the  Senate  and 
House,  and  many  prominent  Republicans 
throughout  the  country,  to  accept  the 
position  of  First  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  in  charge  of  all  the  appointments 
of  the  department,  which,  after  long 
persuasion,  he  accepted.  He  served  in 
that  capacity  during  the  entire  Hayes  ad- 
ministration and  the  short  term  of  the 
Garfield  administration,  and  resigned  in 
the  month  of  October,  L881,  shortly  after 
the  accession  of  Chester  A.  Arthur  to  the 
Presidency.  He  was  therefore  charged 
with  the  duty  of  making  or  superintend- 
ing all  appointments  to  the  postal  service. 
embracing  an  official  list  of  about  1 50,000, 
fin- something  over  rive  years,  (hiring  .all 
of  which  time  he  was  the  real  head  of  the 
Postoffice  Department.  His  administra- 
tion of  that  huge  establishment  was  pro- 
gressive and  eminently  satisfactory. 

Upon  the  accession  of  President  Har- 
rison Mr.  Tyner  was  invited  to  take  charge 
of  the  law  branch  of  the  Postoffice  De- 
partment as  Assistant  Attorney-General 
thereof,  which  position  he  filled  during  the 
whole  of  the  Harrison  administration  and 
for  three  months  after  the  inauguration  of 
President  Cleveland,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  he  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  practice 
of  law  in  Washington.  hie  was  persuaded 
by  President  McKinley  to  return  to  the 
duties  of  said  position  in  the  month  of  May. 
1  897,  which  position  he  holds  at  the  present 
time.  Mr.  Tyner  has  so  long  heen  identified 
with  the  postal  service,  and  has  held  so 
many  positions  therein  (a  greater  numher. 
indeed,  than  any  other  man  has  held  in 
the  history  of  the  ( rovernment  I  that  he  has 
become  and  is  recognized  as  a  standard 
authority  upon  postal  laws,  regulations, 
and  customs  of  the  department. 

In  l>7s  Mr.  Tyner  was  commissioned 
as  a  delegate  to  the  International  Postal 
Congress,  which  held  its  session  in  the  citv 


W'-- 


t/V^L^ 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA                                                                129 

of  Paris.  France  and  was  again  chosen  as  Butler  College,  ami  is  now  a  part  of  the 
a  delegate  to  the  International  Postal  University  of  Indianapolis.  His  ancestors 
Congress  which  assembled  in  the  city  of  on  both  sides  of  the  house  were  pioneers  of 
Washington  in  May.  L897.  He  has  thus  Indiana,  and  his  father  was  a  substantia] 
become  familiar  with  everything  relating  farmer,  anxious  to  give  his  son  the  best 
to  international  mails  and  postal  conven-  opportunities  in  the  way  of  education  that 
tions  and  treaties,  as  well  as  everything  could  be  procured.  Alter  graduation  he 
relating  to  the  domestic  postal  service.  read  law  in  the  office  of  Barbour  cm  How- 
Mr.  Tyner  was  married  in  the  year  land,  of  Indianapolis,  and  attended  a 
1848,  at  Cambridge  City,  to  Miss  Dema  course  of  law  lectures  by  Judge  Perkins. 
L.  Humiston,  with  whom  he  lived  happily  In  l^i.".  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
for  22  years.  Two  children.  Albert  H.  began  the  practice  in  partnership  with 
Tyner,  now  engaged  in  business  in  Cuba,  John  T.  Dye,  a  partnership  thai  continued 
and  Lillie  E.  Tyner,  now  a  resident  of  to  exist  until  1879,  when  Mr.  Dye  under- 
Warren  county.  Illinois,  were  the  issue  of  took  the  management  of  the  legal  affairs 
this  marriage.  Mr.  Tyner  was  married  a  of  the  Big  Four  Railroad,  and  Mr.  Harris 
second  time,  in  the  year  1S72,  to  Miss  continued  the  practice  alone.  By  steadfast, 
Christine  Hines.  of  Washington.  D.  C.  conscientious  work  he  made  a  success  of  the 
who  is  still  living.  law  from   the  start,  and  steadily  won   his 

way  until  for  more  than  ten  years  past  he 

has  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  two  or  three 

\1>1)|S(>\~    ('     HAPPIS  most    successful    lawyers  of    Indianapolis. 

Very  few  great   legal  controversies    have 

A  dry  recital  of  the  dates  ami  events  of  occurred  in  Indiana  during  the  past  decade 

a   man's  career  can  convey  no  notion  of  without  his  name  among  the  counsel  upon 

what  manner  of  man  he  is  in  the  living  one  side  or  the  other. 

flesh,  of  his  methods,  bis  ideals,  his  influ-  Naturally  from  his  training.  Mr.  Harris 

ence  among  his    fellowmen.      Only  those  started   in   life  as  an   ardent   Republican, 

who  come  in  personal  contact   with  Addi-  and  has  been   for  many  years  one   of  the 

son  C.  Harris,  the  present  ambassador  of  most  prominent   members  of  the  party  in 

the    United   States,    can   understand   how  Indiana.      In  1876  he  was  elected  a  mem- 

thoroughly  nature  and  training  and  habits  her  of  the  State  Senate,  a  task  he  was  very 

of  thought  have  made  him  a  tit  represent-  loath  to  undertake.      He  had   always  held 

ative  at    the   most    ancient,    cultured   and  the  theory  that  the   law  was  too  jealous  a 

exclusive  court  of  the  world.  mistress  to  brook  interference  by  any  out- 

Addison   C.   Harris  is  a  native  of  Indi-  side   occupation,    and    it    was   only   at    the 

ana.    having   been    born    of    g 1    Quaker  earnest   solicitation  of   the  party  leaders. 

stock  in  Wayne  county.  October   1.  IS-kO.  and  when  convinced  that  his  party  and  his 

His  early   education  was  obtained  under  State   needed   him,    that    he  accepted  the 

Quaker   teachers  in  the   public  schools  of  nomination.      He  brought   to  his   work   in 

the  county,  and.  like  his  home  training,  it  the  Senate  the  same  high   sense  of  honor 

involved  not  only  his  mental  but  his  moral  and  integrity  that  had  contributed  so  ma 

well  being.      To  him   honesty  of  purpose,  terially  to  his  success  at   the  bar.      Since 

integrity  and  kindly  Christian  helpfulness  then,  though  frequently  solicited  to  accepl 

are  the  commoner  virtues  taken  as  a  mat-  nominations  of  appointive  office-,   he  has 

ter  of  fact  in  the  daily  routine  of  life.      In  steadily  declined   until    in    January.    LS99, 

L 8 60  he  entered  the  Noi-th western  Univer-  he    was     named     by    the     President     as 

sity.    the    institution    that    later    became  ambassador    to    Austria-Hungary.      The 


30 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


yf7f^/v(MUv£riiJ^i/ 


appointment  came  without  solicitation  or 
expectation  on  his  part  and  he  accepted. 

While  in  college  Mr.  Harris  fell  in  love 
with  a  fellow-student,  Miss  India  Crago. 
They  were  married  in  L868,  and  Mrs. 
Harris  has  been  no  less  distinguished  in 
the  social  and  literary  life  of  Indianapolis 
than  has  her  husband  in  his  profession. 
They  have  one  of  the  most  beautiful  homes 
in  Indianapolis,  a  home  that  has  about  it 
that  indefinable  air  of  quiet  refinement  and 
cultured  taste  that  money  alone  can  never 
procure.  Extensive  travel,  wide  reading, 
a  thorough  comprehension  of  the  history 
of  the  world  and  the  philosophy  of  life. 
grafted  upon  his  native  conscientious 
Quaker  ability,  have  made  Mr.  Harris  a 
typical  representative  of  what  is  hest  and 
noblest  in  American  life. 


HIRAM   BROWNLEE. 

Few  orators  are  better  known  through- 
out the  State  or  more  in  demand  in  the 


heat  of  a  campaign  than  Judge  Hiram 
Brownlee.  of  Marion,  and  few  men  are  as 
much  consulted  by  the  leaders  of  their 
party  as  he  when  the  sound  advice  of  an 
experienced  man   is  desired. 

Hiram  Brownlee  was  born  at  .Marion. 
Indiana.  September  L3th,  1849.  His 
father,  John  Brownlee.  was  a  lawyer  and 
of  good  Scotch  descent.  Young  Brownlee 
was  educated  at  Marion,  attending  the 
common  schools  until  he  began  the  study 
of  law.  His  early  struggles  were  those 
which  usually  accompany  the  life  of  a 
young  lawyer — hard  ones.  He  soon  rose 
into  prominence,  however,  until  to-day  lie 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
of  Indiana.  In  his  early  practice  his 
powers  of  oratory  developed,  anil  in  a 
short  time  his  contemporaries  realized  that 
they  had  a  magnetic  young  lawyer  to  eon- 
tend  with.  His  oratory  is  natural,  and 
extremely  powerful  and  impressive. 

In  1897,  February  11th.  he  was  ap- 
pointed Superior  Judge,  and  so  ably  did 
he  fill  the  retptirements  of  that  office  that 
he  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  posi- 
tion in  1898.  He  served  with  credit  as  a 
member  of  the  Lower  House  of  the  legis- 
lature in  L885  and  again  in  L8S9.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
conventions  of  isss  and  1892.  His  po- 
litical services,  in  all  ways,  have  been 
greatly  in  demand  by  his  party  and  they 
have  always  heeii  readily  and  generously 
granted. 

Judge  Brownlee  is  known  by  all  his 
acquaintances  as  a  courteous  and  true 
gentleman,  extremely  generous,  and  one 
whose  friendship  is  highly  valued  in  that  it 
is  sincere  and  true  as  steel.  In  his  social 
relations  he  is  a  genial  and  agreeable  com- 
panion, respected  by  all  who  know  him 
and  loved  by  his  intimate  friends.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Columbia  Club  of  Indi- 
anapolis. He  was  married  in  1^77  to  Miss 
Linnie  McDowell,  and  is  the  father  of 
three  children.   Louisa.   Bessie  and  I'hil. 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


131 


I..  T.  MICHENER. 
Because  of  their  necessarily  National 
significance  and  influence,  and  by  reason 
of  tin-  fact  that  the  two  great  parties  have 
always  been  in  practical  equality,  political 
contests  in  Indiana  have  been  heated  to 
fierceness.  It  has  been  said  thai  Indiana 
babies  are  all  born  politicians.      True  it  is. 

that    polities    receives    the    best    services    of 

every  right-thinking  Indiana  man.  no 
matter  to  which  party  he  may  chance  to 
belong'.  In  the  names  that  make  up  the 
long  and  honorable  roster  of  those  who 
have  contributed  to  the  strength  and  suc- 
cess of  Indiana  Republicanism,  none  stands 
higher  in  general  regard  for  unselfish  and 
intelligent  labor  than  does  that  of  Louis 
Theodore  Michener.  So  continued  and 
prominent  has  been  his  identification  with 
the  Republican  party,  that  it  will  l>e  a. sur- 
prise to  many  to  know  thai  he  is  still  a 
comparatively  young  man.  He  was  horn 
December  21,  181:S,  on  a  farm  near  Oon- 
nersville.  Fayette  county,  of  a  parentage 
whose  ancestry  was  of  the  sturdiest  Eng- 
lish and  German.  The  father's  and 
mother's  names  were  William  and  Mary 
A.  Michener.  The  father  was  half  Eng- 
lish and  half  German,  being  English  on 
the  grandfather's  side.  On  the  mother's 
side  the  ancestry  were  all  English.  The 
father's  ancestry  were  Quakers.  Here 
was  an  ancestral  soil  out  of  which  might 
naturally  be  expected  to  come  the  intelli- 
gence, high  sense  of  honor,  unflinching 
integrity  and  unwearied  industry  that  have 
been  and  are  the  characteristics  marking 
Mr.  Michener's  whole  life  and  career.  He 
received  only  the  education  obtainable  in 
the  common  schools  of  Fayette  county, 
supplemented  with  a  twelve  months'  course 
in  the  college  at  Brookville,  Franklin 
county,  when  he  started  out  unaided  to 
achieve  his  fortune.  After  leaving  school 
be  was  a  clerk  in  a  grocer's  store  for  one 
year.  But  he  had  a  natural  taste  for  public 
life  and  work,  and  at  once  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  James  0.  Mcintosh, 


%$9h*j£w> 


of  Connersville. 
with  Mr.  Mdntos 
the  law  in   Brool 
than    twenty-thn 


Completing  his  studies 
i.  he  began  the  practice  of 
ville  in  LS71.  when  less 
e    years    of   aye.       Two 


wars  later  he  fell  a  victim  to  the  prevailing 
Western  fever  ami  went  to  Wintield.  Kan- 
sas, where  he  practiced  his  profession  un- 
til August.  L874,  at  which  time  he  returned 
to  Indiana,  locating  in  Shelby  ville.  and 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  Hon. 
Thomas  H.  Adams.  Here  he  anchored 
himself  and  his  life,  becoming  thoroughly 
identified  with  the  people  of  that  city  and 
county.  This  law  partnership  continued 
until  November.  LS90,  at  which  time  Mr. 
Michener  removed  to  the  city  of  Washing 
ton  and  entered  iuto  partnership  December 
1.  LS90,  with  Gen.  W.  \V.  Dudley.  Mr. 
Michener  still  continues  this  partnership, 
which  has  been  conspicuously  successful, 
the  firm  having  a  large  and  remunerative 
practice,  particularly  of  a  semi-political 
nature,  and  being  the  legal  advisers 
and    representatives    of    many    important 


1 32 


IUSTOKY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PAHTV 


business   enteiprises   in   various    parts   of 
t lie  country. 

Mr.  Michener  exemplified  the  ruling 
passion  of  an  Indianian  by  beginning  ac- 
tive political  work  at  the  early  age  of 
eighteen  and  from  1872  to  1890  was  con- 
tinuously connected  with  one  or  more 
campaign  committees.  In  the  spring  of 
1  ssl'  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Shelby 
county  Republican  committee  and  led  the 
famous  campaign  of  thai  year,  in  which 
the  Republicans  carried  the  county  f or  the 
tirst  time  in  the  history  of  the  party  there. 
There  have  been  many  stirring  and  im- 
portant campaigns  in  Indiana,  but  it  is 
doubtful  whether  there  was  ever  one  more 
hotly  contested  or  which  called  for  a  larger 
degree  of  intelligent  and  unselfish  devotion 
than  the  campaign  of  1882.  It  was  the 
year  when  the  Republican  party,  in  its 
State  platform  and  by  the  action  of  its 
wisest  leaders,  accepted  an  apparently  un- 
popular issue — that  of  declaring-  the  right 
of  the  people  to  vote  upon  a  proposed 
amendment  to  the  constitution  prohibiting 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquor.  The  legislature  of  1 880-1881  had 
passed  such  an  amendment  and  the  ques- 
tion was  whether  it  should  go  to  the  peo- 
ple for  consideration  and  decision  by  the 
affirmative  action  af  the  succeeding  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  After  a  hot  struggle 
within  its  own  ranks,  the  Republican  party 
declared  in  favor  of  the  right  of  the  people 
to  vote  upon  the  proposition.  Some  Be- 
publicans  hesitated  and  a  few  balked  at 
the  action  of  the  party,  hut  the  great  body 
of  Republicans  stood  by  the  fundamental 
and  indisputable  proposition.  Wherever 
this  was  done  the  party  was  successful  and 
tor  the  entire  State  it  was  the  crucial  cam- 
paign that  made  the  subsequent  successes 
of  L 886  and  l^ss  possible.  Mr.  Michener 
was  among  the  foremost  of  those  who 
maintained  the  impregnable  position  of 
the  party  in  this  L882  campaign,  and  had 
the  great  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  Demo- 
cral  ic  banner  of  Shelby  county,  which  had 


never  before  known  defeat,  trailed  in  the 
dust  at  the  feet  of  the  victorious  Republi- 
can party  standing  for  the  inherent  right 
of  the  people  to  determine  the  organic  law 
of  the  State. 

In  ls*4  Mr.  Michener  was  re-elected 
chairman  of  the  Shelby  county  committee 
and  was  also  made  a  delegate  from  the 
Seventh  Congressional  District  to  the  Na- 
tional Republican  convention  of  Chicago, 
in  which  he  supported  the  nomination  of 
Hon.  -lames  (i.  Blaine  for  President  of 
the  United  States.  Early  in  July.  1884, 
without  being  a  candidate  for  the  place. 
Mi-.  Michener  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Republican  State  committee  of  Indiana 
and  was  again  elected  to  the  same  office 
two  years  later.  He  was  a  large  factor  in 
the  great  campaign  of  lss<i,  personally 
conducted,  it  might  be  said,  by  Hon. 
Benjamin  Harrison  as  a  candidate  to  suc- 
ceed himself  as  United  States  Senator,  in 
which  he  would  have  been  successful  could 
the  Republicans  everywhere  in  the  State 
have  been  made  to  helieve  success  possible, 
and  induced  in  some  quarters  to  make 
any  real  effort  to  secure  such  a  result. 
As  it  was  the  State  ticket  was  elected, 
Mr.  Michener  himself  heing  chosen  Attor 
ney-General,  and  the  legislature  lacked 
but  one  vote  of  having  a  Republican  ma- 
jority. 

In  the  campaign  of  18*s  Mr.  Michener 
was  chairman  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  State  central  committee,  and.  in 
June,  1SS9,  upon  the  resignation  of  Hon. 
James  X.  Huston,  Mr.  Michener  was 
unanimously  chosen  chairman  of  the  State 
central  committee,  and  was  again  unani- 
mously elected  to  the  same  position  the 
following  year,  he  being  reelected  Attor- 
ney-General of  the  State  in  the  victorious 
campaign  that  ended  in  the  elevation  of 
Benjamin  Harrison  to  the  Presidency  of 
the  United  States. 

In  the  spring  of  1888  Mr.  Michener 
was  made  chairman  of  the  voluntary  com- 
mittee that  undertook  the  work  of  securing 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA 


l:;:; 


the  nomination  of  General  Harrison  as 
candidate  for  President:  and  in  1892,  at 
the  General's  request,  a  few  days  before 
the  meeting  of  the  Republican  National 
convention  in  Minneapolis,  took  charge  of 
the  President's  interests  there,  and  was  at 
the  head  of  the  organization  which  re- 
sulted in  General  Harrison's  renoruination. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Mr.  Michener  lias 
been  prominently  identified,  in  a  directing 
capacity,  with  tour  State  and  two  National 
campaigns,  besides  the  other  work  he  has 
done  tor  the  party  under  the  direction  of 
the  National  and  Congressional  commit- 
tees. In  L896,  1897  and  1898  he  made 
speeches  in  Maryland  and  West  Virginia 
especially,  in  addition  to  much  work  in 
the  organization  of  those  States,  which 
resulted  in  the  Republicans  carrying  these 
Gibraltars  of  Democracy,  and  electing 
Republicans  to  the  United  States  Senate 
to  succeed  Democratic  Senators.  Senator 
Gorman,  of  Maryland,  himself  being  re- 
tired. 

Mr.  Michener  is  an  odd  Fellow,  a  Ma- 
son and  a  Knight  of  Pythias.  In  ISSS  he 
was  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Indiana  <  >dd  Fellows.  He  was  married  at 
Brookville.  May  30,  1872,  to  Mary  E..  the 
daughter  of  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Adams. 
Of  their  four  children,  their  daughters, 
Nora  and  Helen,  survive.  The  family 
dwells  in  the  city  of  Washington,  though 
Mr.  Michener  retains  his  legal  residence 
in  Indiana,  and  is  yet  keenly  alive  to  all 
the  best  interests  of  his  native  State,  and 
loyally  working  for  the  supremacy  of  the 
Republican  party  both  in  Indiana  and  Na- 
tional affairs. 

PERRY  SANFORD  HEATH. 

Few  lives  in  recent  history  more  clearly 
illustrate  the  possibilities  of  this  great 
Republic  of  ours  than  that  of  Perry  San 
ford  Heath  of  Muncie.  Born  on  a  farm 
in  Delaware  county,  this  State.  August 
31,    1857,    without  any  advantages  other 


than  those  to  be  acquired  lr\  his  own  in- 
domitable courage  and  industry,  in  a   life 

of  little  more  than  forty  year.-,  lie  lias 
arisen  to  a  position  equal  to  thai  of  a 
Cabinet  officer,  and  has  secured  and  re- 
tained the  confidence  of  the  leading  men 
of  the  country. 

His  father.  Jacob  W.  Heath,  a  farmer 
and  Methodist  minister,  with  a  family  of 
seven  children,  moved  from  the  farm  to 
Muncie  when  Berry  was  nine  years  of  age. 
The  boy's  opportunities  foi' education  were 
limited,  but  he  made  the  most  of  them. 
He  attended  the  graded  schools  in  town, 
after  the  rural  school,  for  three  or  four 
years,  advancing  two  grades  every  year 
until,  at  fourteen,  he  was  fitted  for  the 
high  school.  In  his  summer  vacation  he 
entered  a  printing  office  to  learn  the 
printer's  art.  and  made  such  rapid  prog- 
ress that  he  did  not  return  to  school.  He 
was  foreman,  at  sixteen,  of  the  office 
which  lie  had  entered  two  years  before  as 
an  apprentice.  He  continued  for  years 
his  studies  at  night,  and  acquired  thus, 
and  at  the  printer's  case,  a  good  educa- 
tion. At  twenty  he  was  at  the  head  of 
the  mechanical  department  of  an  exten- 
sive printing  establishment  at  Logansport, 
Indiana.  At  twenty-one  he  was  reporter 
for  The  Muncie  Weekly  Times;  then  its 
city  editor,  and  finally,  in  1878,  he  estab- 
lished Muncie's  first  daily  newspaper,  Tin 
Minn-it'  Daily  Times. 

In  the  early  spring  of  LS81  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  great  Territories  of  the 
Northwest  attracted  his  attention,  and  he 
established  The  Dakota  Pioneer  at  Aber- 
deen, in  what  is  now  South  Dakota,  but 
at  that  time  the  two  Dakotas  were  one 
Territory.  His  newspaper  was  an  immense 
success  and  became  influential  in  Terri- 
torial affairs.  In  the  autumn  of  1  SSI  Mr. 
Heath  transferred  his  newspaper  talents  to 
Washington  and  from  the  first  took  fronl 
rank  among  the  newspaper  correspondents 
of  the  National  Capital,  becoming  the 
representative   of   a    number    of    leading 


134                                                HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

newspapers.  He  continued  his  efforts  on  him  to  advance  his  own  interests.  Time 
behalf  of  the  admission  of  Dakotaintothe  and  again  he  declined  positions  of  official 
Union  of  States  and  was  largely  instrn-  honor  and  trust  which  the  President  ten- 
mental  in  bringing  to  the  attention  of  deredhim.  He  had,  in  a  measure,  marked 
Congress  the  desirability  of  the  division  of  out  his  own  career  and  was  determined  to 
the  Territory  and  the  admission  of  each  achieve  independence  by  his  own  unaided 
hall'  as  a  separate  State  When  this  re-  efforts.  He  became  a  close  student  of 
suit  was  assured  Mr.  Heath  participated  financial  problems  and  established  and 
in  the  constitutional  conventions  of  Da-  aided  in  directing  banks  in  his  own  State 
kota  and  assisted  in  framing  the  constitu-  and  elsewhere  in  connection  witli  his 
tions  which  now  control  those  States.  In  brothers,  and  rapidly  succeeded  in  placing 
recognition  of  his  services  he  was  earnestly  himself  in  a  position  where  he  could  hold 
urged  to  accept  the  position  of  Governor,  his  own  without  calling  upon  any  one  to 
pending   the   ratification    of   the  constitu-  aid  him. 

tions  by  the  people.  This  flattering  off er  But,  running  through  all  this  part  of 
he  declined,  although  the  President,  his  his  experience,  Mr.  Heath  never  lost  his 
personal  friend,  was  desirous  of  his  ac-  first  love  for  newspaper  work,  and  he  prob- 
ceptance,  and  many  prominent  men  in  ably  today  values  more  highly  his  news- 
Dakota  joined  in  the  request.  paper  achievements  than   any  of  his  suc- 

Mr.  Heath's  practical  connection  with  cesses  in  politics  or  finance.      He  became 

politics   began   in     1876,    when,   although  associated  with    The    United    Press,   as  a 

only  nineteen  years  of  age,  he  accompan-  special  representative  of  that  organization, 

ied    Gen.     Benjamin     Harrison    over    the  which  at   that   time   furnished  its  news  to 

State  in  a  campaign  for  the  Governorship.  Il|,,st  "f  the  prominent   newspapers  in  the 

From  this  point  in  his  career  dated  a  warm  United  States  and   Europe.      He  went  to 

friendship  which  ever  existed  between  Mr.  Paris  to  take  charge  of  The  United   Press 

Heath  and  Gen.    Harrison.     This  friend-  reports  of  the  expected  Boulanger  attempt 

ship  led  him  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  to  rekindle  war  between   France  and  Ger- 

struggle  in  the  legislature  which  resulted  many  over  the  cession  of  Alsace-Lorraine. 

in  tl lection  of  Harrison   to  the   United  He  secured  an  interview  with   Boulanger, 

States    Senate    over    Judge     Walter    Q.  who  disclosed  to  him  all  his  plans,  and  con- 

Gresham  and  other  aspirants.     During  the  fessed  his  failure,  and  thereupon  tied  to 

whole  of  Air.    Harrison's  Senatorial  term  Belgium  and  killed  himself. 

the    Indiana   Senator   was  always    warm.  From     Paris    Mr.    Heath    proceeded    to 

cordial  and   communicative   to  the  young  Russia,    which    country    was    then    in   the 

Indiana   newspaper  man.    and    Mr.  Heath  throes  of   Nihilism.        It    was  the  avowed 

did  loyal  and   effective  service   in    return.  purpose  of    these   mysterious  conspirators 

He  headed  the  literary  bureau  of  the  Har-  to  exterminate  the  Czar  and  all  his  family. 

rison  Presidential  campaign  and  brought  More  than  a   hundred   thousand  Cossacks 

the  claims  of  the  Indiana  statesman  to  the  had  been  brought  to  St.  Petersburg  to  act 

attention  of  every  prominent  newspaper  in  as  a  bodyguard  for  the  imperial   family, 

the  United   States  and    in   such  an  attrac-  and  spies  and  detectives  were  everywhere, 

tive  way  as  to  compel  consideration.  For  a  foreigner,  and   especially  an  Anieri- 

During  the  four  years  of  Mr.  Harrison's  can.  to  enter  Russia  under  these  circum- 

Presidential  term    .Mr.   Heath  was  always  stances  was  a  difficult  task,  and  it  was  still 

a  welcome  and  frequent  caller  at  the  White  more  difficult  to  get  away  in  safety.      Mi-. 

House,  hut  he  never  sought   to   take  ad-  Heath  obtained  from  the  Czar  and  his  privy 

vantage  of  the  familiarity  thus  accorded  council    extraordinary    privileges,    visited 


136  HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

all   parts  of  St.    Petersburg  and  Moscow,  of  the  principal  street,  it  being  impossible 

and  subsequently  followed  up  his  investi-  to  occupy  any  building,  and  from  that  point 

gations  into  Nihilism  by  inquiries  in  Berlin  dictated  reports,  which  daily  filled  pages 

and    London.      In  the  latter    city  he  was  of    the   great  newspapers    of    the    United 

admitted    into  the  confidence  <>f   Sergius  States. 

Stepniak,  the  world-famed  Nihilist,  and  Mr.  Heath  has  had  one  or  two  narrow 
from  him  obtained  full  statements  of  the  escapes  from  being  elected  to  Congress 
Nihilistic  side  of  the  Russian  question,  against  his  will.  He  was  Chairman  of  the 
Rewrote  his  experiences  in  magazine  ar-  Congressional  convention  of  the  sixth  Cu- 
ticles, which  were  in  part  afterwards  repro-  diana  district,  called  to  meet  at  New  Castle 
duced  under  one  cover,  with  the  title  of  April.  L 890,  to  elect  a  successor  to  General 
L 'A  Hoosier  in  Russia, "  a  book  that  rapidly  Thomas  M.  Browne,  deceased.  During  a 
passed  through  two  large  editions.  A  year  deadlock  more  than  a  majority  of  thedel- 
iir  two  afterwards  Stepniak  came  to  this  egates  made  an  effort  to  "break"  for  Mr. 
country  to  oppose  the  treaty  then  pending  Heath,  and  would  have  nominated  him. 
before  the  United  States  Senate  which  con-  hut.  from  his  seat  in  the  chair,  he  directed 
templated  the  extradition  of  Russian  polit-  the  Secretary  of  the  convention  not  to  re- 
ical  refugees.  Mr.  Heath  presented  him  to  cord  any  votes  cast  for  him  :  and  when,  in 
the  Senate  committee,  upon  whom  Step-  spite  of  this  order,  he  was  about  to  be  de- 
niak  made  such  an  impression  that  his  ar-  dared  the  unanimous  nominee  of  the  con- 
guments,  reinforced  by  extracts  from  Mr.  vention,  he  stated  that  he  felt  hound  in 
Heath's  hook,  secured  the  defeat  of  the  honor  to  support the  candidacy  of  a  friend ; 
treaty.  In  all  this  Mr.  Heath  had  been  so  that  he  hail  declined  to  become  a  candidate. 
conspicuously  fair  in  his  treatment  of  both  and  he  would  not  take  the  nomination  from 
sides  that,  through  the  Russian  legation  those  who  had  made  the  canvass,  and  if 
in  Washington,  he  was  subsequently  ten-  nominated  he  would  not  he  their  candidate. 
dered  an  Imperial  Pass  to  visit  Russia,  and  and  if  elected  he  would  not  qualify.  This 
was  invited  to  accompany  the  Czar's  act  of  self-abnegation  resulted  in  the  nom- 
brother,  the  Commanding-General  of  the  ination  and  election  of  Henry  U.  Johnson, 
army,  on  a  tour  of  military  inspection.  of  Wayne  county.  But  this  act  of  self- 
This  year,  1887,  was  destined  to  he  full  sacrifice  and  unselfishness  was  not  a  strange 
of  exciting  incidents  for  Mr.  Heath.  1  in  characteristic  in  Mr.  Heath's  life,  for  his 
mediately  upon  his  return  from  his  Euro-  first  principle  was  ever  devotion  to  his 
pean  adventures  he  w.-.s  sent  by  Tlie  United  friends.  Ingratitude,  inappreciation,  to 
Press  to  Charleston.  South  Carolina,  to  him  was  next  to  a  crime.  He  never  failed 
record  the  terrible  destruction  of  life  anil  to  help  a  friend  at  any  and  every  oppor- 
property  wrought  in  that  city  by  the  earth-  tunity.  or  to  evidence  his  gratitude  for 
quakes,  winch  nearly  laid  it  in  ruins.  He  any  kindnesses.  This  characteristic  in 
was  the  first  man  from  the  North  to  enter  his  life  early  welded  to  him  a  host  of 
tin-  city  after  the  earthquakes  had  com-  devoted  friends,  men  high  as  well  as  low 
menced  their  work  of  devastation,  which  in  the  walks  of  life,  and  these  friends 
had  cut  off  railroad  travel,  destroyed  tel-  were  always  a  component  part  of  his 
egraph  communication,  and  sent  a  thrill  capital. 

of  horror  over  the  civilized   world.        His  Mr.     Heath's    home     at    the     National 

experiences    in    Charleston,    during    two  Capital  during  his  service  as  Washington 

weeks  of  constant  terror,  forms  a  striking  correspondent    was  in   tin-  hotel   in  which 

chapter  in  his  newspaper  history.      Hesta-  Major  William  McKinley,  of  Ohio,  Chair 

tioiied  a  telegraph  operator  in  the  middle  man  of  the  House  Committ* nWaysand 


. 


- 
- 


• 


OF   THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  137 

Means,  resided  during  his  entire  Congres-  and   women  in  posl  .  ghoul   the 

sional  career.      Major  McKinley  and   Mr.  country. 

Beath  became  warm  friends.      When,   in  As  First  Assistanl   Postmaster-General. 

March.  1894,  Mr.    Heath  acquired   a  con-  Ull,ier   McKinley's    administration.    Perry 

trolling  interest  in    the  Cincinnati   Com-  s     Heath   displayed    tad     and    executive 

mercial-Gazette.  and  moved  to  Cincinnati  ability   which  have  never  been   surpassed 

to  become  its  editor  and   publisher,  he  did  jn   thai    important  executive  office,     one 

yeoman's   work   in   shaping   public  senti-  single  feature  of  his  administration,   the 

incut  in   favor  of  the  nomination   of  Mr.  installation  and  successful  operation  of  the 

McKinley  as  the  Republican  candidate  for  military  postal  service  in  the  camps  of  the 

President  of  the  United  States.      After  the  army,  during  our  war  with  Spain,  and  in 

St.  Louis  convention  he  was  placed  by  the  our  conquered  and  ceded  new  possessions, 

Republican  National  committee  in  charge  will  prove  an  enduring  monument   to  his 

of  the  newspaper  and  literary  work  in  be-  executive  capacity.      In  his  administration 

half  of  the  candidate  and  conducted  the  0f  the  domestic  affairs  of  the  office  he  was 

most    successful    campaign    of   education  equally  fortunate.      He  perfected  the  rural 

ever  attempted  in  a  Presidential  contest.  free   delivery  service      the  greatest    boon 

As  a  printer,  Mr.  Heath  became  in  boy-  the  farmers  have  ever  received   from  the 

fa 1   the   friend   of    labor,    and    while   he  Government,  simplified  and  classified  the 

always  recognized  the  rights  of  property,  clerical  service  of  the  department,  adjusted 
he  ever  maintained  that  the  workingman's  long-pending  disputes  between  the  Gov- 
interests  were  best  conserved  by  organiza-  eminent  and  the  telegraph  companies  to 
tion.  He  held  that  not  only  were  the  the  satisfaction  of  the  Governmeni  and 
interests  of  the  laborer  stronger  by  union,  the  corporations,  and  kept  in  close  touch 
but  he  was  elevated  by  the  segment  of  and  harmonious  working  with  the  bun- 
contact;  that  he  became  more  intelligent  dreds  of  men  of  prominence  in  Congress 
and  better  equipped  for  the  work  he  did  and  outside  of  Congress,  who  daily  visited 
by  association  with  his  fellows,  and  this  the  executive  officer  of  the  Postoffice  De- 
was  best  secured  within  the  doors  of  or  par tment  on  official  business. 
ganization.  At  Chicago  and  elsewhere.  y\v_  Heath  married,  in  1^:>".  Miss  Ella 
during  the  campaign  of  1S96,  he  induced  Conway,  daughter  of  Captain  George  W. 
many  large  printing  offices  to  unionize.  Conway,  of  Louisville.  Kentucky.  His 
bringing  many  thousands  of  printers.  domestic  life  is  perfect. 
pressmen,  etc..  into  the  folds  of  the  allied 

union.     For  this    he   was  given   votes  of 

fl      ,     •  ,  ,'    1QQC  ,  CHARLES  F.   GRIFFIN. 

thanks  in  many  places,      in   1898  he  was 

elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  Allied  It  is  seldom  that  the  precocious  young 

Printers'  Union  of  the  District  of  Colum-  man   who  attains  high  and  almost  unex- 

bia    for  various    official    acts    favorable  to  pected  success  at    the  threshold    of    life  is 

union  labor;   be  was  also  given   a    vote  of  able  to  sustain   himself,  but   Hon.    Charles 

thanks  by  the  International  Typographical  F.  Griffin  has  proven  a  striking  exception 

Lnion,   at   its  annual  session,  at    Detroit,  to  this  rule.      Elected   Secretary  ol   State 

Mich..  August.  1899.      Repeatedly  he  was  when  but  twenty-nine  years  of  age  he  has 

thanked   by   the  letter  carriers"  and   post-  continued  since  that   time  to  grow   in  the 

office  clerks'  organizations  for  assisting  in  minds  of  the  people  of  Indiana    until  he  is 

securing  legislation  at  the  hands  of  Con-  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest  and 

gress.    and  orders  and  regulations    which  wisest   leaders  of  the   Republican   party  in 

ameliorated    conditions    of    laboring  men  the  State  and  has  a  large  and  enthusiastic 


IP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


following  of  men  in  every  one  of  the 
ninety-two  counties  of  the  commonwealth. 
It  is  a  saying  quite  true  thai  a  man  in 
public  life  must  demonstrate  his  strength 
mitside  of  politics  in  order  to  obtain  and 
hold  the  complete  respect  of  the  people 
and  his  eminent  success  ill  the  legal  pro- 
fession has  doubtless  contributed  largely 
to  the  high  esteem  in  which  Mr  Griffin  is 
hold  by  the  public. 

Charles  Freemonl  Griffin  was  horn  in 
Henry  county,  Indiana.  June  10,  L857, 
the  son  of  Elihu  and  Melissa  A.  (Scott) 
Griffin.  Not  only  in  war  hut  in  peace  as 
well  Mr.  Griffin's  paternal  ancestors 
played  a  conspicuous  part.  His  father. 
Major  John  Griffin,  fought  in  the  Rebel- 
lion where  he  received  a  wound  at  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn.,  which  disabled  him  for 
life  and  ultimately  caused  his  death.  His 
greal  grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  one  of  his  great,  great 
grandfathers  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  By  this  patriotic  devotion 
to  the  cause  of  independence  Mr.  Griffin 
is  u  "Son  of  the  Revolution,"  which  order 
he  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization 
of,  while  Secretary  of  State.  The  honor 
of  being  its  president  was  tendered  him, 
but  he  modestly  declined  and  suggested 
the  name  of  William  E.  English.  Mr. 
Gi-iffin's  grandfather,  Samuel  Griffin,  re- 
moved from  North  Carolina  to  Henry 
county.  Indiana,  in  the  pioneer  days  of 
the  State,  and  his  maternal  grandfather, 
William  Scott,  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  Wayne  county.  This  migra- 
tion was  not  the  first  acquaintance  of  Mr. 
Griffin's  ancestry  with  Indiana.  Away 
hack  during  the  days  of  the  Northwest 
Territory  another  ancestor.  .John  Griffin. 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Territory 
with  his  seat  at  Vincennes  when  the 
government  of  the  northwest  was  organ 
ized  and  William  Henry  Harrison  was 
made  its  Governor.  Thus  the  interest  of 
this  renowned  family  has  been  wrapped 
up  in  Indiana  for  generations. 


Mi-.  Griffin  attended  the  district  schools 
in  Henry  county  and  the  high  school  of 
his  native  town.  Graduating  at  seven- 
teen he  began  teaching  a  common  school 
and  followed  this  occupation  for  three 
years,  walking  several  miles  to  his  school 
and  giving  up  all  his  spare  time  far  into 
the  night  in  reading  law.  Then  he  took 
a  year  at  the  Spiceland  Academy  and  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  removed  with  Ins 
father  to  Crown  Point.  Indiana,  where 
they  began  the  practice  of  law.  [n  a  few 
years  ill  health  caused  the  retirement  of 
the  father  and  the  son  continued  the 
practice.  While  attaining  success  in  his 
profession  the  abundant  energies  of  the 
young  man  gave  room  for  great  activity 
in  other  directions.  He  joined  the  Sons 
of  Veterans  when  that  body  was  organized 
and  soon  arose  to  great  prominence  in  its 
ranks,  being  elected  commander-in-chief 
of  the  national  organizations  in  1889. 
He  took  a  very  active  interest  in  politics 
and  the  keen  logic,  and  vehement  elo- 
quence of  his  speeches  soon  attracted 
general  attention,  and  his  services  were  in 
demand  by  the  State  committee  before  he 
had  reached  the  age  of  twenty-five.  In 
1886,  when  hut  a  hoy  of  twenty-nine,  he 
stood  as  a  candidate  for  Secretary  of  State 
and  was  nominated  among  a  strong  field 
of  candidates  of  the  State  convention. 
Being  an  off  year  his  name  came  at  the 
head  of  the  ticket  and  he  bore  the  brunt 
of  one  of  the  greatest  political  fights 
Indiana  has  ever  known.  He  spoke  night 
and  day  for  nearly  three  months  and  his 
vigorous  campaign  and  personal  popu- 
larity contributed  immeasurably  toward 
the  success  of  the  ticket.  In  L88S  he  was 
renominated  without  opposition  and  re- 
elected in  this  year.  When  the  Harrison- 
Gresham  contest  arose  he  unhesitatingly 
cast  his  fortunes  with  the  friends  of 
General  Harrison  and  worked  in  his  be- 
half with  his  usual  energy  and  success. 
When  the  Harrison  headquarters  were 
opened  in  Chicago   he   was   asked   to   take 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


L3!l 


charge  of  them.  The  work  about  a 
National  convention  was  not  new  to  him. 
In  lss^  he  had  served  as  a  delegate  to  the 

Chicago  convention  and  had  voted  and 
worked  for  James  G.  Blaine,  and  now  his 
work  in  behalf  of  Harrison  was  efficient 
and  successful.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  delegates  at  large  to  the 
National  convention  at  Minneapolis  and 
was  one  of  the  managers  of  the  successful 
effort  made  for  the  renomination  of 
Genera]  Harrison.  During  every  cam- 
paign, for  more  than  fifteen  years,  he  has 
been  one  of  the  first  men  called  upon  by 
the  State  committee  to  make  speeches  and 
has  contributed  generously  of  his  time  and 
ability  and  money  toward  the  success  of 
the  party,  invariably  paying  his  own  ex- 
penses for  campaign  tours,  besides  con 
tributing  liberally  to  State  and  local  cam 
paign  funds. 

In  L895  Mr.  Griffin  was  a  candidate 
for  the  nomination  as  Governor  and  made 
so  strong  and  successful  a  canvass  that 
out  of  a  very  large  held  of  candidates  he 
stood  first  during  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
hallotting.  hut  it  was  a  year  when  the 
Republicans  deemed  it  essential  that  their 
ticket  should  he  headed  by  a  farmer  and 
this  feeling  finally  brought  the  nomina- 
tion to  Honorable  James  A.  Mount,  though 
the  loyal  following  of  Mr.  Griffin  stood  by 
him  to  the  last.  At  the  close  of  his  term 
as  Secretary  of  State.  Mr.  Griffin  removed 
to  Hammond,  where  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Joseph  G.  Ibach  and  they 
opened  a  branch  of  their  office  in  Chicago. 
The  new  husiness  grew  to  such  proportions 
that  in  L893  Hon.  Walter  Olds,  Chief 
■Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  resigned  his 
position  to  form  a  partnership  with  Mr. 
Griffin  and  take  charge  of  the  Chicago 
office.  This  partnership  continued  until 
L899  when  it  was  dissolved  by  mutual 
consent.  Mr.  Griffin  retaining  the  Ham- 
mond end  of  the  husiness.  During  his 
legal  practice  of  more  than  twenty  years. 
Mr.   Griffin   has  heen  engaged  as  counsel 


in  many  of  the  most  imp. -riant  legal  con- 
troversies in  the  State.  I  gation 
which  Governor  Hove}- had  with  the  Demo 
cratic  party  over  his  right  to  appoint  some 
of  the  minor  officers  of  the  State.  Mi-. 
Griffin  ably  represented  the  <  '■•  iveruov.  In 
the  celebrated  Roby  prizefighting  litiga 
tion,  he  represented  the  State  and  con- 
ducted the  case  so  ably  that  one  of  the 
prize  fighters  was  convicted,  the  others 
plead  guilty  and  paid  heavy  tines  and  the 
business  of  prize  fighting  in  Lake  county 
was  dually  broken  up.  The  military  spirit 
of  his  ancestors  has  come  to  the  front 
more  than  once  in  Mr.  Griffin's  career. 
As  before  noted,  he  was  active  and 
prominent  in  the  Sons  of  Veterans'  or- 
ganization. While  at  Crown  Point  he 
organized  a  military  company,  which 
became  part  of  the  old  Third  Regiment, 
and  served  during  the  Spanish  War  as  the 
LoTth  Indiana.  He  it  was  who  drafted 
the  State  militia  law  of  1887  which  was 
the  first  substantial  recognition  of  the  State 
militia.  He  advanced  in  promotion  along 
the  line  from  Captain  to  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel. 

In  commercial  and  business  affairs,  he 
has  been  as  active  and  successful  as  in 
the  other  walks  of  life.  While  residing 
in  Indianapolis  he  was  identified  with  a 
number  of  important  enterprises,  includ- 
ing the  construction  of  the  Cyclorama 
building,  the  organization  of  the  Union 
National  &  Savings  Loan  Association  and 
the  platting  of  the  Kenwood  addition  to 
the  city.  After  removing  to  Hammond 
he  organized,  completed  and  equipped  an 
electric  railway  from  Hammond  to  Chi 
cago  and  was  made  president  of  the  cor 
poration.  This  road  was  successfully 
operated  for  three  years  and  advanta- 
geously sold  to  the  South  Chicago  City 
Railroad  Company.  He  helped  to  organize 
the  Commercial  Bank  of  Hammond  and  is 
still  one  of  its  directors,  while  at  the  same 
time  a  large  stockholder  in  the  first  Na 
tional    Bank  in   the    same  city.      He  also 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


r  •  ■ 


organized  and  is  president  of  the  Lake 
Lighting  Company,  which  owns  and  op- 
erates the  electric  lighting  and  power 
plant  of  Hammond.  In  LS80  Mr.  Griffin 
was  married  to  Miss  Edith  Burhans,  of 
Lowell,  and  two  children  have  blessed 
their  union.  Mrs.  Griffin  is  a  woman  of 
great  culture  and  refinement  and  a  recog- 
nized leader  in  the  social  ami  literary  cir- 
cles al  Hammond.  Both  art- earnest  and 
active  members  of  the  Presbyterian  ( ihurch 
and  Mr.  Griffin  served  as  Commissioner  of 
Indiana  to  the  General  Assembly  at  Wash- 
ington,  where  lie  participated  permanent  ly 
in  i  he  heresy  trial  of  Dr.  Briggs,  using 
his  voice  and  influence  for  the  acquittal  of 
the  accused.  He  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Columbia  and  Marion  Clubs  of  Indi- 
anapolis and  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  of  Chicago.  A.  man  of  broad 
culture  and  lofty  ideals.  J  lis  social  quali- 
ties are  of  the  highest  order.  Though 
still  a  young  man,  Mr.  Griffin  has  enjoyed 
success  in  all  the  various  walks  of  life  to 
which  his  energies  have  been  directed  and 
I  here  can  lie  no  question  that  tile  t  lit  MIC 
holds  m  store  for  him  even  higher  honors 
and  a  >till  broader  field  of  usefulness. 


FRANK   LESLIE  LITTLETON. 

It  is  extremely  seldom  that  fame  and 
influence  comes  to  a  young  man  with  such 
rapidity  as  it  has  to  Frank  Leslie  Little- 
ton, and  in  seeking  the  qualities  that  have 
brought  him  to  the  front,  one  need  not  <;'" 
further  than  to  understand  that  he  is 
simply  a  very  able,  conservative,  studious 
and  conscientious  young  man.  He  is  de- 
pendent upon  no  trick  of  politics  uor 
blandishment  of  personal  affability  to  win 
his  way.  In  his  case,  political  honor  has 
come  through  general  recognition  of  his 
capacity  and  work.  He  was  horn  January 
12,  L86S.  near  McCordsville,  in  Hancock 
county.  Indiana,  the  son  of  Aaron  S.  and 
Mary  McCord  Littleton.  The  family  was 
of  English  descent  and  had  come  from 
Clermont  county.  <  >hio,  where  their  Eng- 
lish and  Scotch  ancestors  had  settled  about 
a  century  ago.  The  father  died  when  the 
hoy  was  hut  twelve  years  old.  leaving  the 
family  with  a  good  farm  and  in  fairly  com- 
fortable circumstances.  The  young  man 
attended  the  common  schools  and  managed 
the  farm  until  he  entered  college  at  Green  - 
castle.  About  a  year  and  a  half  after  his 
graduation  in  1S91  he  removed  to  Indian- 
apolis and  began  the  study  of  law  in  the 
office  of  Byron  K.  Elliott.  He  joined  the 
Marion  Club  and  made  many  friends 
among  its  members,  and  when  the  nomin- 
ations for  the  legislature  were  made  in 
1896  he  was  put  forward  with  the  solid 
backing  of  the  (dull  and  easily  nominated 
and  elected  with  the  ticket.  Though  very 
young,  he  displayed  an  immense  amount 
of  ability  and  common  sense  in  the  ensuing 
session  of  the  legislature.  I  le  was  seldom 
on  the  floor,  hut  when  he  arose  he  always 
had  something  to  say  which  was  to  the 
point.  He  was  made  chairman  of  the  ap- 
portionment committee  and  helped  todraft 
a  hill  that  was  enacted  into  law  in  1  ^i'7 . 
It  was  a  delicate  and  difficult  piece  of 
work,  tor  the  question  was  so  surrounded 
l>\  legal  controversy  and  judicial  decisions 
that  it  was  difficult    to  enact    a    law   that 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


141 


would  stand  the  test  of  the  courts.  He 
was  renominated  and  re-elected  in  ls'.is 
and  was  put  forward  by  his  friends  as  a 
candidate  for  Speaker.  The  obstacles  in 
the  way  were  many  and  great,  but  the 
general  recognition  of  Ins  fairness  and 
ability  overcame  them  all  and  he  was 
unanimously  elected  Speaker  of  the  House. 
His  record  in  the  chair  was  one  of  the  best 
that  has  ever  been  made  there,  and  thn  mgh 
tiie  whole  session  no  complaint  on  the 
score  of  his  rulings  was  heard.  At  the 
(dose  of  the  session  lu-  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Judge  Elliott  and  the  firm  of 
Elliott.  Elliott  &  Littleton  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  and  successful  in  the  legal 
profession  in  Indiana. 


JAMES  W.   NOEL. 

It  is  only  one  young  man  out  of  bun 
dreds  that  comes  to  Indianapolis  and 
succeeds  in  a  very  few  years  in  carving 
out  for  himself  a  place  of  prominence  in 
his  profession  and  in  the  public  life  of  the 
city.  James  W.  Noel  has  been  a  resident 
of  the  city  but  four  or  five  years,  and  yet 
he  has  already  left  the  impress  of  his 
strong  personality  upon  not  only  the  city 
but  the  State. 

James  William  Xoel  was  born  Novem- 
ber i'L  1867,  at  Melmore,  Seneca  County, 
Ohio,  his  father  being  William  P.  Noel 
and  his  mother  Caroline  Graves  Noel. 
The  Noel  family  is  of  noble  Englishblood, 
known  as  far  back  as  the  11th  Century, 
the  time  of  William,  the  Conqueror. 
They  migrated  to  Virginia  early  after  the 
settlement  of  Jamestown  and  figured 
with  some  prominence  in  early  American 
history.  Loftus  Noel,  the  greatgrand- 
father of  James  \V..  removed  to  Lexing- 
ton, Ky..  and  his  son  removed  from 
thereto  Alexandria.  Ohio.  He  married  a 
descendant  of  the  DeVilbiss  family  that 
came  from  Alsace-Lorraine  in  the  17th 
Century.      Their    son     was    William     1'. 


*{&HiLJ 


.TitH 


Noel,  who  married  a  Miss  Caroline 
Craves,  of  Puritan  stock.  They  migrated 
to  Pulaski  county,  where  Mr.  Xoel  pur- 
chased a  farm  near  Star  City.  Their  son. 
James  W.  Noel,  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  at  Star  City  and  entered 
Purdue  University  where  he  graduated  in 
1892.  In  college  he  was  famous  for  his 
immense  industry  and  energy.  While 
there  was  no  better  student  in  college  he 
was  very  prominent  in  the  athletics  of  the 
university  and  made  himself  famous  as 
the  manager  of  the  foot  hail  team  in  its 
palmiest  days.  His  education  meant 
more  to  him  than  it  does  to  the  average 
young  man.  He  had  worked  hard  as  a 
hoy  on  his  father's  farm  and  had  taught 
a  common  school  at  the  age  of  sixteen. 
It  required  six  years  of  teaching  before  he 
could  save  money  enough  to  go  to  college 
ami  when  he  entered  Purdue,  in  L8SD,  he 
succeeded  in  doing  the  fouryears'  work  in 
two  and  one-half  year-.  During  his  col- 
lege course  he  was  as  active  in  college 
politics  as  in  his  studies  and  athletic 
affaire  and  enjoyed  aboul  all  the  available 


Ui' 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


honors  of  the  university.  After  gradu- 
ating at  Purdue  he  worked  at  the  institu- 
tion  foi    two  years  us  its  secretary.     In 

1894  he  entered  the  office  of  Byron  K. 
Elliott  to  study  law  and  in  1895  gradu- 
ated   from   the   Indiana   Law  School.      In 

1895  lie  was  married  to  Miss  Cornelia  H. 
Humphrey,  of  Patriot.  Indiana,  and  who 
died  a  few  months  later  of  typhoid  fever. 
In  L895  Mr.  Noel  began  the  practice  of 
law  alone,  practically  a  stranger  in  In- 
dianapolis but  lie  secured  business  enough 
to  support  himself.  In  September  of  1896 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Franklin  J. 
Lahr  and  the  firm  has  been  very  success 
ful  with  an  excellent  reputation  for 
thorough  and  studious  work  and  careful 
preparation.  He  joined  the  Marion  Club 
and  became  very  popular  among  the 
members  of  this  body  of  active  young 
Republicans. 

Ln  L898  a  number  of  his  friends  sug- 
gested that  he  stand  for  the  nomination 
for  the  legislature  and  he  was  easily  nomi- 
nated and  elected  with  the  ticket.  It  fell 
to  his  lot  to  play  a  very  prominent  part 
in  the  legislation  of  the  session  of  1899. 
He  was  one  of  the  small  number  of  young 
men  who  started  the  movement  for  the 
election  ot  Mr.  Beveridge  to  the  Senate 
and  worked  with  intense  activity  until  the 
movement  was  successful.  He  was  also 
instrumental  in  the  election  of  Frank  Lit- 
tleton as  Speaker.  One  of  the  most  im- 
portant matters  before  the  legislature  was 
the  street  railroad  hill.  As  originally  pre- 
sented, it  was  all  in  favor  of  the  great 
Indianapolis  corporation  controlling  the 
street  car  lines  of  the  city.  Mr.  Noel  was 
made  one  of  the  subcommittee  of  two 
that  took  up  this  measure  and  modified  it 
until  the  people  were  given  a  fair  measure 
in  the  matter.  The  writer  happens  to 
know  that  during  these  weeks  of  pulling 
and  hauling  the  young  man  stood  with 
remarkable  firmness  and  coui'age  against 
the  heaviest  sort  of  pressure  and  fought 
with  a  very  high  order  of  moral  courage 


for  the  rights  of  the  people.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  pharmacy  hill  and  the  ant-i- 
lynching  hill  and  introduced  and  fathered 
the  Indianapolis  park  bill,  the  State  hoard 
of  health  bill  and  various  others.  He  was 
active  in  promoting  the  great  reform  bills 
that  introduced  much  better  methods  in 
county  and  township  government.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the 
affairs  of  the  City  of  Indianapolis  and  a 
member  of  the  judiciary  committee  ami 
records  show  that  he  introduced  and  se- 
cured the  passage  of  more  hills  than  any 
other  member.  Ever  since  his  gradua- 
tion. Mr.  Noel  has  devoted  much  time  to 
speech  making  in  behalf  of  the  Kepublican 
party  in  campaigns  and  has  done  excellent 
service  as  a  member  of  various  political 
committees  and  a  delegate  to  various  local 
and  State  conventions.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Meridian  Street  Church  and  a  con- 
siderable number  of  political  chilis  and 
social  organizations.  In  June.  L899,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Anne  Madison  Sloan, 
of  Indianapolis,  formerlyof  Cincinnati,  and 
a  graduate  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  Col- 
lege of  that  city,  and  a  relative,  on  her 
mother's  side,  of  President  James  Madison 
and  Chief  Justice  Marshall. 


W.   S.    HAGGARD. 

William  Selkirk   Haggard,  horn  at 

Jefferson ville.  Fayette  county.  Ohio.  Sep- 
tember  18,  1847,  is  now  the  Lieutenant 
Governor  of  Indiana,  and  though  still  in 
the  prime  of  life  has  behind  him  a  rec- 
ord of  public  service  to  his  State  and 
country  of  which  any  man  might  he 
proud.  In  the  early  part  of  the  last  cen- 
tury four  Haggard  brothers  came  to  Vir- 
ginia from  England.  They  were  descended 
from  a  family  who  came  to  Great  Britain 
from  Holland  in  1466.  The  immediate 
ancestors  of  Gov.  Haggard  migrated  to 
<  >hio  and  settled  in  Fayette  county.  There 
the  father  of  the  future  Governor  married 
Martha    Jane    Thacker.    who   came    from 


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*{ 


144 


HISTORY    OF   THE    KEPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Virginia  when  she  was  twelve  years  of 
age.  In  September,  1857,  the  family 
moved  to  Tippecanoe  county,  Indiana, 
where  the  s<ni  was  sent  to  the  common 
schools  until  the  breaking  o\it  of  the  Civil 
War.  when,  in  his  fifteenth  year,  he  en- 
listed in  the  Sixteenth  Indiana  Battery 
and  went  to  the  front,  serving  to  the  end 
of  the  war  as  a  private.  He  was  in  the 
battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Rhappahan- 
nock  and  the  Second  Bull  Run.  After 
being  mustered  out,  he  attended  the  Bat- 
tleground Collegiate  Institute  and  Asbury 
University.  He  paid  his  tuition  with  the 
money  he  had  earned  working  on  the  farm 
during  vacation.  In  1871  he  began  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Lafayette  in  part- 
nership with  the  Hon.  Austin  L.  Kumler. 
In  ls7:i  he  was  married  to  Josephine  Lutz. 
They  have  twi  >  children,  Jesse  L.  and  Fred. 
In  1  875  he  was  elected  City  Judge  of  La- 
fayette, and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture in  LS91  and  1893.  He  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  IS94,  and  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term  as  Senator  was 
nominated  and  elected  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor. He  was  the  chairman  of  the  finance 
committee  in  the  Senate,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  bill  establishing  the  State 
Soldiers"  Home  at  Lafayette,  and  during 
the  whole  course  of  his  legislative  career 
was  an  active  champion  of  Purdue  Uni- 
versity. His  record  in  the  legislature,  as 
a  member,  and  as  presiding  officer  of  the 
Senate,  is  without  a  blemish.  In  the  chair 
he  was  fair  and  impartial,  and  became  one 
of  the  most  popular  presiding  officers  that 
ever  filled  that  place  in  the  Senate.  For 
ten  years  he  has  been  editor  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  Lafayettt  Herald.  Governor 
Haggard  is  a  forcible  speaker  on  the 
stump,  and  is  strong  with  the  people 
throughout  the  State.  He  has  been  a  life- 
long Republican  and  belongs  to  the  class 
of  stalwarts  in  his  party.  He  will  have 
the  support  of  a  large  number  of  Repub- 
licans in  the  convention  in  L900  for  nomi- 
nal ion  for  ( roverm  ir. 


CHARLES  s.    HERNLY. 

Charles  S.  Hernly.  the  Chairman 
of  the  Republican  State  Central  Com- 
mittee  of  Indiana,  was  horn  upon  a  farm 
in  Henry  County.  Indiana,  September  •_':!. 
IS56,  being  the  year  in  which  the  Repub- 
lican party  had  its  birth  as  a  National 
organization.  Mr.  Hernly's  father  was  a 
native  of  Lancaster  County,  Peiin.  His 
great-great-grandfather,  Ulrich  Hoernli, 
as  the  name  was  originally  spelled,  was  a 
native  of  Switzerland,  hut  left  his  native 
land  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Manheim. 
Lancaster  County.  La.,  in  the  year 
1  759,  and  the  ancestral  home  is  now  owned 
by  the  descendants  of  Ulrich  Hoernli. 
Here  they  hold  their  family  reunions  and 
commemorate  the  sturdy  virtues  of  their 
Swiss  ancestors. 

Mr.  Hernly's  mother  was  a  native  of 
Maryland  ami  horn  of  German  parents. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Hoffacker  and  she 
is  still  living  in  New  Castle,  and  is  a  kind 
hearted  and  noble  woman.  Her  son  has 
said  of  her  that  she  is  one  of  the  most 
cheerful  and  kindliest  women  in  the  world. 
and  the  most  perfect  type  of  an  optimist 
he  ever  knew.  Heredity  has  left  its  im- 
press upon  Mr.  Hernly.  and  his  abounding 
good  nature,  coolness  in  emergencies  and 
judgment  and  determination  are  doubtless 
largely  due  to  his  German  ancestry. 

Mr.  Hernly's  father  and  grandfather 
were  originally  Whigs,  hut  when  the  irre- 
pressible conflict  between  freedom  and 
slavery  arose,  their  affiliations  were  with 
tlie  Free-Soil  party,  for  their  sympathies 
were  ever  with  the  poor  and  the  oppressed. 
Later  they  became  members  of  the  Repub- 
lican party. 

A  story  is  told  of  John  Hernly.  the 
grandfather  of  the  Chairman,  concern- 
ing the  building  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  from  Philadelphia  to  Harris- 
burgh.  Simon  Cameron,  then  a  rising 
young  politician  of  Pennsylvania,  took 
great  interest  in  the  project  and  was  mak- 
ing speeches   in    Lancaster  county,  urging 


OF    TIIK    ST  V'I'K  OK    IMH  \V\.                                                                        I  1.", 

the   people    to    take    stock    and    lielp  the  land  Academy,  the  famous  (Quaker  school 

project  along,  and  was  stopping  with  John  of    In's   native   county.       Of    two   of    his 

Bernly  during  his  stay  in  the  county.      At  teachers,  George   W.  Bufford  and   (lark 

one  of  his  meetings  Mr.  Cameron  said  to  son  Davis,  he  cherishes  the  mosl   grateful 

the  people  that  the  day  would  come  when  recollection,  and  he  has  said  thai  to  these 

one  could  gel   iii  the  cars  at  Philadelphia  excellent    teachers  he  is  largely  indebted 

in  the  morning,  go  to  Harrisburgh,  do  a  for  whatever  success  he  has  attained  in  life, 

day's  business  and   return  to   Philadelphia  Mr.  Bernly's  lather  died  when  he  was 

in  the  evening.      Mr.  Hernly  doubted  the  fifteen  years  of  age,   leaving-  his    mother 

statement    and    that    night    when    the\    re-  with  five  children,   the  youngest  being  two 

turned  home  Eerniysaid  to  Cameron  thai  years  of   age.      Upon    the  father's   death 

if   he  did   no1   stop  lying  about   how   last  the    family    removed   to   New    Castle,   the 

the  cars  would  run  on  the  new  railroad  he  county  seal,  and  Charley,  being  the  oldesl 

would  so  discourage  the  people  thai    i  hey  child,    was  the   mainstay   of    the    family, 

would  quit  attending  the  meetings.  and  he  has  said  that  the  proudest   days  of 

Charles   S.    Bernly    was    the    oldesl    of  his   life  were   when   he  earned   the   money 

five  children  and  was  reared  in  tlie  country  which    enabled    the    widowed    mother    to 

at   an   old-fashioned   water  mill  on    Little  keep  her  children  together. 

Blue   River,   in  his  native  county,    where  Mr.    Bernly   taught   school   for  several 

his  father  tended  the  mill  ami   engaged  in      terms    in    the    district    sol Is    of     Henry 

farming.  The  young  man  met  with  an  county,  and  m  LS76  he  entered  the  law 
accident  when  twelve  years  old,  l>y  office  of  James  Brown  and  Eobert  L.  Polk, 
which  he  lost  a  leg.  Be  fell  from  a  as  a  student.  In  LS79  he  was  admitted  to 
wagon,  the  hind  wheel  of  which  ran  over  the  bar  and  took  up  the  battle  of  life  as  a 
and  crushed  his  left  knee  in  such  a  man  lawyer  at  the  county  seat  of  his  native 
ner  that  amputation  of  the  limb  was  county.  Success  came  to  him  from  the 
necessary.  Mr.  Bernly  once  said  that  start.  His  manners  were  genial  and  he 
about  the  time  of  his  injury  an  old  army  was  ever  full  of  sympathies  for  the  mis- 
surgeon  happened  to  come  along,  and  fortune  of  others.  Be  was  especially 
within  a  short  time  three  or  four  hoys  had  strong  in  a  statement  of  a  case,  and  espec- 
their  legs  cut  off ,  but   that   there  had  not  ially    forcible    before   a    .jury.       Be    was 

been  an  amputation   in  the  neighborh I  bold  and  fearless,  and   practiced   law  upon 

since.  the   theory    that    a    law   suit    was  a    battle 

Air.    Hernly   suffered    lor   a    long   time      which  must  be  fought  out  to  s e  decisive 

from  the   injury  and  at  times   his   life  was  result.      Be  had  cultivated  the  best  writers 

despaired   of,    hut    he   never  gave   up,  and  in    the   language,   and   often   surprised    his 

every  dose  of  medicine  his  devoted  mother  hearers    by    the    vigor   and    force   of    his 

gave    him  was  with  the  hopeful  admoni-  English. 

tion   that  it  would   make  him   well.      The  From    boyhood    Mr.    Hernly   has  taken 

house  where   hi'   was  horn  and    passed    his  an    active    interest    in    politics  and    in    the 

early  youth  was  a    typical    Indiana   cabin.  officers  of  his   native  county,  and    he  has 

with  clapboard  root   and  big  fireplace,  ami  been  largely  identified  with  i-\<-]-\  import 

he  has  said    that    his  earliest   recollections  -ml    public   enterprise,  and    il    is  said    thai 

are  of  his  father   bauling  up  the  big  black  he   has    given    as    much   of    his    time   and 

logs  with  oxen.  means  for  the  good  of  the  community  in 

He  first   attended   the  common   schools  which   be    lives   as   any    man    of    bis   age. 

in   the  country   and    afterward    the    New  Be  has  been  successful   in   alibis  business 

Castle  High  School,  and  later  the  Spice-  enterprises  and  was  never  defeated  at  an 


i-h; 


HISTORY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


election  but  once,  and  thai  for  an  unim- 
portant office,  just  after  he  had  arrived  at 

his  majority.  And  the  defeat,  he  lias 
said,  was  one  of  the  luckiest  days  of 
his  life. 

Mr.  Hernlv  possesses  a  great  fund  of 
humor.  He  is  a  true  and  loyal  friend,  but 
a  hard  fighter  when  the  battle  is  on.  He 
is  an  excellent  judge  of  human  nature. 
He  is  easily  approachable  and  remarkably 
frank  in  ordinary  intercourse,  hut  cautious 
and  reserved  in  grave  matters.  Outside 
of  a  legal  battle  he  is  very  considerate  of 
the  feelings  of  others,  and  no  man  in  the 
community  has  more  friends  among  the 
younger  people  than  he.  A  story  of  suffer- 
ing to  him  never  falls  upon  unwilling  ears. 
As  an  illustration  of  his  kindness  to  the 

1 r  a  story  is  told,  that   a  few  years  ago 

he  put  up  at  public  sale  a  lot  of  Jersey 
cows.  A  poor  woman,  the  mother  of 
eight  children,  came  to  him  to  inquire 
about  purchasing  a  cow.  to  help  her 
through  the  winter,  but  said  she  had  no 
money,  but  would  try  and  pay  some  day. 
Mr.  Hernlv.  after  hearing  her  story,  told 
the  colored  man  to  go  to  the  stall  and 
lead  out  a  cow.  which  he  gave  to  the 
poor  woman  stating  thai  he  would  do 
that  much  towards  helping  her  raise  her 
children. 

Mr.  Hernlv  has  served  as  Chairman  of 
the  Republican  Central  Committee  of 
Henry  county  for  several  years,  and  has 
served  one  term  as  Clerk  of  the  Henry 
Circuit  Court.  He  owns  a  farm  near  New 
Castle,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  local 
telephone  company.  He  never  lost  in- 
terest in  farm  life,  which  he  says  is  one  of 
the  noblest  occupations  in  life. 

Mr.  Hernlv  has  a  wife  and  t  wo  children. 
His  wife  is  a  thoroughly  devoted  and 
accomplished  woman,  her  maiden  name 
being  Elizabeth  Thornburgh;  she  is  a 
descendant  of  the  well  known  Thornburgh 
family  of  East  Tennessee.  Their  home  is 
a  beautiful  but  modest  one  where  a  gen- 
erous and  refined  hospitality  is  dispensed. 


HUGH  H.  HANNA. 
The  interests  of  modern  civilization  are 
so  tremendous,  so  varied,  so  complex  that 
the  present  age  is  productive  of  the  most 
powerful  intellects  the  world  has  known. 
In  the  number  of  lives  involved,  in  the 
values  at  stake,  in  the  extent  of  operation, 
modern  wars,  modern  trade  developments 
and  modern  political  movements  so  greatly 
overshadow  those  of  ancient  and  medieval 
times  that  were  it  not  for  the  sentimen- 
tality and  historical  interest  surrounding 
the  latter,  we  should  regard  them  as  ut- 
terly insignificant.  Great  things  depend 
upon  great  minds  for  their  direction  and 
the  world  is  beginning  to  realize  that  the 
present  generation  has  developed  intellec- 
tual giants  comparing  favorably  with  any 
of  those  of  the  past.  And  many  of  these 
are  men  that  we  seldom  hear  about.  We 
occasionally  read  a  newspaper  sketch  of 
a  man  whose  energy  and  comprehensive 
grasp  of  conditions  throughout  the  world 
has  budded  up  a  great  enterprise  that 
ramifies  throughout  the  confines  of  civili- 
zation, but  we  set  him  down  at  once  sim- 
ply as  a  "shrewd  business  man  "  or  a 
••lucky  investor.*'  forgetting  that  this 
captain  of  industry  probably  commands 
an  army  of  thousands,  not  commanding 
them  to  do  one  thing,  to  march  in  one 
direction,  to  keep  their  camp  and  equip- 
ment according  to  regulations  that  have 
been  laid  down  by  centuries  of  experience; 
but  working  out  with  his  own  intelligence 
the  duties  of  each  individual  soldier  and 
subaltern  in  his  army,  marking  out  for 
them  work  as  varied  and  as  complex  as  are 
the  unlimited  efforts  of  modern  industry. 
He  must  know  and  understand  widely  di- 
versified conditions  throughout  the  known 
world,  the  habits  of  the  people,  their 
methods  of  work  and  trade,  their  degree 
of  intelligence  and  their  prejudices.  His 
positive  judgment  must  so  direct  the  work 
of  his  industrial  army  as  to  make  the  most 
of  the  conditions  he  finds  throughout  the 
world  and  win  success  in   the   face  of.  not 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  147 

only  the  thousands  of  natural  obstacles  he  banking  business.     B\   ivason  of  ill  health 

meets,  but  also  inthe  teeth  of  competition  he  was  soon  thereafter  compelled  to  make 

with  armies  as  fully  equipped  ami  as  ably  a  sojourn  to  the  Hawaiau  Islands.      From 

directed   as   Ins  own.      No   man    can    ever  that    time   on   his   health   mended  and  has 

see  how  many  men  of  this  stamp  may   be  since   remained    good.      In   October,    LS78, 

found  in  the  headquarters  of  large  manu-  he  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Sharpe.  of 

facturing.    banking,    railroad,    insurance  [ndianapolis,  and  they  have  one  son,  Hugh 

and  other  corporations,    hut    the  magnifi  H.   Hanna.   Jr. 

cent  results  that  have  been  attained  by  In  L880  he  removed  to  Indianapolis, 
these  industrial  agents  during  the  past  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Atlas  Engine 
thirty  years  demonstrate  the  fact  that  they  Works  and  soon  became  its  active  bead 
are  many.  We  seldom  hear  of  them  out-  and  later  practically  its  sole  proprietor, 
side  their  own  line  of  business,  yet  occa-  He  devoted  many  of  the  best  years  of  his 
sionally  one  of  them  will  step  forth  and  life  to  a  thorough  organization  of  this 
move  the  world  iii  a  way  to  make  history,  concern  in  every  department  and  has 
Hugh  H.  Hanna  reached  almost  his  built  it  up  until  now  its  product  is  sold  in 
fiftieth  year  before  his  name  was  known  every  corner  of  the  known  world  and  it  is 
outside  his  own  city  and  State,  except  in  known  as  one  of  the  largest  and  most  suc- 
a  purely  business  way.  Then  he  became  cessful  manufacturing  concerns  in  the 
famous,  not  through  any  sudden  stroke  of  United  States.  In  the  meantime  he  look 
fortune  nor  through  any  ambitious  effort  an  active  interest  and  exerted  a  large  in- 
to acquire  personal  reputation,  but  because  fluence  in  the  development  of  the  hotter 
a  need  arose  for  a  great  popular  move-  side  of  life  in  Indianapolis.  No  charitable 
ment  and  for  a  man  properly  equipped  to  or  philanthropic  movement  was  complete 
lead  it.  His  time,  his  country  and  the  without  his  advice  and  active  help, 
conditions  of  modern  industrial  life  had  Working  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  Oscar 
reached  a  point  where  it  was  necessary  McCulloch  he  helped  to  devise  for  Indian- 
for  the  future  welfare  of  the  American  apolis  a  system  of  organized  charities  that 
people  that  their  financial  system  should  has  stood  for  years  as  a  model  for  the 
be  founded  upon  the  rock  of  the  gold  charity  organizations  of  the  country, 
standard  and  so  develop  along  sound  and  There  was  that  about  the  man  that  in- 
stable lines  as  to  eliminate,  not  only  all  spired  in  his  fellowmen  the  most  absolute 
elements  of  uncertainty  in  the  currency  confidence,  not  only  in  his  integrity  of 
of  the  United  States,  but  also  such  clumsy  purpose,  but  in  his  wisdom  and  knowl- 
methoils  as  have  long  hindered  and  handi-  edge  of  conditions.  He  hail  a  habit  when 
capped  trade  and  industry.  He  saw  the  necessity  for  philanthropic  effort  arose  of 
need  of  this  work  and  set  about  to  accom-  either  calling  together  fifty  or  more  of  the 
plish  it  in  the  most  effective  way.  Mr.  most  prominent  business  men  of  the  city 
Hanna  was  born  in  LaFayette,  Indiana,  and  telling  them  what  was  to  hi'  done 
September  lit.  is4s.  His  father  was  and  how  much  of  a  contribution  in  money 
Joseph  F.  Hanna,  a  prosperous  banker  at  was  expected  from  each.  Occasionally, 
LaFayette.  He  was  given  a  thorough  ed-  instead  of  calling  them  together  for  dis- 
ucation,  though  it  was  a  struggle  agaiust  cussion,  he  would  simply  select  a  lisl  of 
illness.  He  was  compelled  to  leave  W'a  names  and  send  to  each  of  them  a  note 
hash  College  in  the  middle  of  his  sopho-  explaining  what  was  to  be  done  and 
more  year  and  go  abroad.  After  a  year  assessing  upon  his  correspondent  his  indi- 
and  a  half  of  study  in  Stuttgart,  Wur-  vidual  portion  of  the  expense.  Every 
temberg,  he  returned  and  entered  into  the  man    thus    called     into    consultati r 


IUSTOKY    (»F   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


addressed  by  letter  understood  perfectly 
well  that  Mr.  Hanna  had  made  a  thor- 
ough study  of  the  situation,  knew  what 
was  the  right  thing  to  do.  knew  to 
a  penny  how  much  it  would  cost  and  had 
himself  contributed  as  much  and  probably 
more  than  he  asked  from  any  other  man. 
The  checks  were  always  forthcoming. 
When  natural  gas  was  discovered  and 
t  w(  >  ( >r  three  large  corporations  endeavored 
to  get  control  of  the  business  in  Indian- 
apolis, he  and  a  few  associates  organized 
the  Consumers'  Gas  Trust,  a  peculiar  co- 
operative organization  that  has  supplied 
natural  gas  at  an  extremely  low  figure  to 
the  citizens  of  Indianapolis  and  has  paid 
hack  to  them  with  interest  very  nearly  all 
that  they  invested  twelve  years  ago  for 
the  purpose  of  supplying  themselves  with 
cheapgas.  Mr.  Hanna's  financial  plan  for 
this  corporation,  as  well  as  his  plan  for  the 
physical  plant  were  the  ones  adopted  and 
with  the  utmost  faith  in  an  enterprise 
that  was  considered  by  local  financiers  as 
extremely  doubtful  at  best.  In  the  work 
of  the  art  association  and  other  eleemosy- 
nary organizations  he  has  given  much  of 
his  time  and  intelligent  energy  for  the 
behalf  of  his  fellow  citizens. 

It  was  but  natural  that  a  man  of  such 
broad  interest  in  public  affairs  should 
exert  an  influence  in  politics.  Mr.  Hanna 
has  been  a  Republican  from  principle  all 
his  life  and  while  he  has  declined  time 
and  again  all  suggestions  of  holding  office 
for  himself  and  has  never  undertaken  to 
influence  the  selection  of  candidates  by 
conventions,  he  has  always  been  interested 
in  seeing  that  his  party  should  take  the 
right  side  of  questions  of  public  moment 
and  has  given  with  unstinted  liberality  of 
his  time  and  work  and  money  for  the  suc- 
cess of  his  party  in  campaigns.  Like 
thousands  of  business  men  when  the  ques- 
tion of  free  silver  loomed  up  suddenly  in 
the  spring  of  1896  before  the  National  or 
State  conventions  had  been  held  he  be- 
came anxious  that   the  Republican  party 


should  stand  squarely  upon  the  issue  of 
sound  money.  With  the  same  practical 
common  sense  and  energy  that  had 
marked  his  work  all  his  life,  he  set  about 
first  to  see  that  the  plank  adopted  by  the 
Indiana  State  convention  should  be  right. 
To  this  end  he  gathered  together  a  few 
men  and  began  a  correspondence  through- 
out the  State  that  resulted  in  the  choice  of 
a  resolutions  committee  that  was  unani- 
mous for  sound  money  and  courageous 
enough  to  say  so.  The  declaration  of  the 
Indiana  Republicans  for  sound  money 
was  the  turning  point  in  the  tight  within 
the  Republican  party  and  when  it  was 
carried  to  the  St.  Louis  convention  the  ex- 
ample of  Indiana  was  extremely  powerful 
in  obtaining  the  right  kind  of  a  declara- 
tion in  the  Republican  National  platform. 
During  the  tremendous  struggle  of  the 
campaign  of  1896  he  devoted  almost  his 
whole  time  to  accomplishing  such  work  as 
lay  in  his  way  to  attain  success  for  the 
Republican  party  and  the  sound  financial 
policy,  but  while  fighting  in  the  present 
he  was  looking  seriously  to  the  future. 

The  election  was  no  sooner  over  than 
he  took  up  seriously  and  energetically  the 
great  work  that  has  done  and  is  still  doing 
so  much  for  the  prosperity  of  the  Ameri- 
can people.  The  work  was  not  under- 
taken in  haste  or  without  previous  inves- 
tigation and  thought.  Xo  man  who 
enlisted  with  him  in  this  great  movement 
understood  quite  so  thoroughly  what  it  all 
meant  in  the  way  of  years  of  patient  work 
and  persevering  effort  in  educating  the 
people  and  in  bringing  up  such  a  state  of 
public  opinion  as  would  not  only  pave  the 
way  for  and  compel  reformatory  legisla- 
tion, but  would  make  such  legislation  per- 
manent when  enacted.  It  is  sufficient 
demonstration  of  his  depth  of  thought. 
knowledge  of  conditions  and  far-seeing  in- 
telligence that  the  great  movement  has 
gone  along  toward  success  upon  practi- 
cally the  very  lines  that  he  marked  out  in 
the   beginning.      At    his   suggestion     the 


150 


HISTORY    (iK   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


[ndiauapolis"  Board  of  Trade  called  a  con 
ference  of  the  commercial  bodies  of  the 
Central -West  and  this  conference  called  a 
convention  of  delegates  of  the  commercial 
organizations  of  the  country.  Unques- 
tionably in  intellect,  in  power  and  in 
strength  this  was  the  most  notable  gather- 
ing nt'  men  thai  lias  ever  met  in  ;i  conven- 
tion in  the  United  States.  The  views,  of 
coui'se,  were  various,  but  after  much  labor 
all  were  harmonized  to  the  notion  that  the 
convention  should  adopt  a  brief  and  com- 
prehensive platform  and  should  ask  Con- 
gress to  appoint  a  commission  to  go  thor- 
oughly into  the  subject  and  prepare  a 
report  which  should  form  the  basis  for 
legislation.  Should  Congress  fail  to  do 
this  it  was  provided  that  a  commission  tor 
this  purpose  might  he  appointed  by  an 
executive  committee  of  fifteen,  to  which 
the  convention  delegated  itspowers.  .Mr. 
Hanna  was  chosen  as  the  head  of  this  exe- 
cutive committee  and  as  such  has  carried 
on  the  work  for  nearly  three  years.  He 
brought  together  a  commission  composed 
of  eleven  men.  all  distinguished,  either  by 
their  peculiar  knowledge  of  the  subject  or 
their  success  as  men  of  large  affairs. 
This  commission,  after  months  of  study 
and  investigation,  made  a  report  and  drew 
a  hill  for  a  currency  system  based  upon 
this  report.  While  the  House  was  Re- 
publican,  the  free-silver  people  had  a  ma- 
jority in  the  Senate  and  legislation  was 
impossible,  hut  by  thoroughly  organized 
effort.  Mr.  Hanna  proceeded  rapidly  in  the 

matter  of  educating  the  ] pie  throughout 

the  country  to  the  value  of  the  correct 
principles  laid  down  by  the  commission. 
The  convention  was  reassembled  and  en- 
dorsed the  ci  mi  mission's  work.  The  report 
was  spread  broadcast  throughout  the  conn 
try  and  everywhere  thoroughly  discussed. 
When  the  campaign  of  LS9S  came,  Mr. 
Hanna  organized  a  campaign  covering 
over  200  Congressional  districts,  making 
a  direct  fighi  in  thirteen  States  where  the 
election  of  Senators  seemed  to  he  more  or 


less  doubtful.  A  Republican  majority 
was  retained  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives and  the  free-silver  majority  in  the 
Senate  was  overthrown.  All  through  the 
work  there  has  been  a  tremendous  amount 
of  effort  in  the  matter  of  convincing  mem- 
bers of  Congress  and  Congressional  com- 
mittees of  the  way  in  which  their  duty 
lay.  As  a  result,  committees  of  both 
Houses  of  Congress  have  agreed  upon  a 
measure  embodying  the  most  important 
principles  of  the  monetary  commission's 
report  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  first 
session  of  the  Congress  elected  in  lsn.s 
will  enact  this  measure  into  law.  During 
these  long  years  of  struggle  and  everlast- 
ing patience,  the  quiet  persistence  and 
hard  common  sense,  the  pure  and  lofty 
motives  of  this  man  have  incited  the  won- 
der and  admiration  and  won  the  support 
of  the  thousands  of  men  of  all  classes,  de- 
grees and  occupations  with  whom  he  has 
come  iii  contact.  With  him  at  the  head 
of  the  movement  it  has  been  utterly  im- 
possible that  any  of  those  taking  the  op- 
posite view  should  charge  to  the  movement 
anything  of  unfairness  in  method  or  mean- 
ness of  purpose.  Anything  of  this  sort 
would  he  entirely  foreign  to  his  nature. 
Nor  could  it  develop  in  the  work  without 
his  knowledge,  tor  he  is  not  the  kind  of  a 
man  to  he  ignorant  of  any  detail  of  a 
matter  for  which  he  holds  himself  respon- 
sible. 

People  not  acquainted  with  Hugh  II. 
Hanna  are  unable  to  understand  the  intense 
regard  for  him  entertained  by  those  who 
know  him  well,  though  they  are  ready  to 
admit  that  his  character  seems  flawless. 
If  he  has  a  weakness  at  any  point  those 
who  have  had  opportunities  of  intimate 
observance  for  years  have  never  been  able 
to  discover  it  and  tot  hem  the  conscientious 
rectitude,  the  warm  human  sympathy, 
the  wide  knowledge,  the  broad  intelligence, 
the  uever-ending  patience  and  the  great 
depth  and  strength  of  tin-  man  seem  to 
round  out  a  perfect  character. 


of   THK    STATE    OF    [NDIANA. 


151 


JOHN  CLAY   WINGATE. 

John  C'i.ay  Wingate  was  born  near 
tlic  old  town  of  Pleasant  Hill  (now  Win- 
gate),  Montgomery  county,  [ndiana,  May 
22nd,  L851.  His  father.  William  Anson 
Wingate,  was  of  good  old-fashioned  Yan- 
kee stock  running  hack  into  New  Eng- 
land, and  was  a  plain  plodding  man  of 
affairs,  who  won  a  substantia]  victory, 
even  in  making  a  living-,  in  the  hand-to- 
hand  conflict  with  the  adversities  incident 
to  a  farmer's  life  in  the  earlier  days  of 
agriculture  in  our  Hoosier  State.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Nancy  Coon. 
She  was  of  Holland  Dutch  extraction. 
Her  father.  Christian  Coon,  was  a  stal- 
wart character,  and  from  him  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  no  doubt,  inherits  much  of 
the  tenacity  of  purpose  which  is  so  mani- 
fest in  all  his  undertakings.  This  grand- 
father of  his  was  the  ''Old  Zip  Coon"  of 
pioneer  fame,  whose  prowess  was  ever  a 
menace  to  evildoers. 

John's  opportunities  for  securing  an 
education  were  very  limited,  if  measured 
by  attendance  at  school,  and  consisted  of 
those  afforded  by  the  country  district,  and 
even  these  were  cut  short  at  the  age  of 
fourteen,  when  his  father  died,  for  in 
order  to  help  his  mother  support  the 
family,  he  at  once  took  service  on  a  farm 
as  a  "hired  hand."  However  it  might  he 
mentioned  here  that  his  insatiate  thirst 
for  knowledge  made  him  an  inveterate 
reader,  so  that  all  his  life  he  has  availed 
himself  of  this  means  of  increasing  his 
store  of  information  until  he  has  become 
one  of  the  best  informed  men  in  the  State 
on  general  and  practical  topics. 

The  death  of  his  father  developed  an  in- 
herent trait  in  the  boy  thai  grew  with  the 
years — and  that  was  a  tender  solicitude 
for  the  welfare  and  comfort  of  his 
widowed  mother.  He  was  the  oldest  of 
four  children  left  to  her  care.  In  the 
course  of  not  many  years  the  other  three 
died,   but  tn  the  end  of  her   life,   he  never 


failed  to  provide  her   with  a  home  and  all 
its  comforts. 

The  little  farm  of  fourteen  acres  thai 
his  father  left  is  now  owned  l,y  him.  but 
out  of  reverence  for  his  memory  he  has 

never    changed     the    title:     the    nai f 

William  Anson   Wingate  still  remains  mi 
the  tax  duplicate. 

From  farm  hired  hand,  at  the  age  of 
fourteen,  to  the  present  he  has  never 
failed  to  he  busy.  Since  LSYo,  with  the 
exception  of  one  year,  he  has  traveled  in 
the  interest  of  farm  machinery  manu- 
factured at  Peoria,  111.,  and  has  continu- 
ously been  in  the  employ  of  the  same  peo- 
ple. In  the  campaign  of  L888,  when  the 
traveling  men  of  the  Central  States  met 
in  Indianapolis  to  visit  General  Harrison, 
the  Republican  Presidential  candidate,  it 
was  .John  Wingate's  response  on  behalf 
of  Indiana,  at  the  Tomlinson  Hall  meet- 
ing, that  aroused  so  much  enthusiasm. 

When  the  ••Clover  Leaf"  railroad  was 
being  constructed  there  was  a  strife  upon 
the  part  of  different  localities  for  its  loca- 
tion. There  was  every  probability  that  it 
would  miss  Pleasant  Hill.  John  Win- 
gate saw  the  danger,  and  left  his  husiness 
for  six  months  and  freely  gave  his  time  to 
secure  this  great  enterprise  for  his  people. 
He  worked  with  such  effect  that  he 
secured  its  location  over  what  others 
thought  were  insurmountable  obstacles. 
In  recognition  of  his  untiring  efforts  and 
great  success,  the  name  of  his  town  was 
changed  in  his  honor  from  that  of  Pleas- 
ant Hill  to  Wingate.  To-day  there  is  no 
more  modern  or  thriving  little  town  in 
Indiana  than  this. 

While  he  has  never  been  an  office 
seeker,  he  has  always  been  very  active  in 
behalf  of  the  Republican  party.  He  be- 
lieves in  his  party,  as  he  believes  in  the 
destiny  of  his  country.  His  phenomenal 
intuitive  knowledge  of  men  and  his  ready 
grasp  of  political  measures  has  made  a 
great  demand  for  him  in  the  counsels  of 
his  party.      So   unerring  is  his  judgment 


HISTORY    dl''    Till',    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


that  it  seldom  fails  of  success  if  carried 
out.  It  was  he  who  insisted  on  the 
availability  of  dailies  A.  Mount  as  a  can- 
didate for  Governor,  and  then  so  master- 
fully managed  his  campaign  as  to  make 
him  an  easy  winner  for  the  nomination. 
Later  he  had  the  management  of  the 
campaign  inaugurated  for  the  purpose  of 
placing  General  Lew  Wallace  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  there  is  not  the 
shadow  of  a  douht  hut  what  he  had  made 
success  absolutely  certain,  when  the  war 
with  Spain  broke  out.  and  the  Genera] 
peremptorily  withdrew  his  name  from  fur- 
ther consideration  when  he  offered  his 
services  to  the  Government  in  the  event 
they  would  be  needed  In  referring  to 
him,  General  Wallace  paid  him  this  high, 
but  well  deserved  compliment:  •■John 
Wmgate  is  honest  and  faithful  to  his 
trust;    he    has    three    qualities    which    in 


combination  seldom  fail  to  make  a  great 
man  namely:  invention,  shrewdness  in 
ways  and  means  and  perseverance." 

In  the  months  that  intervened  after 
General  Lew  Wallace  withdrew  his  name 
from  further  consideration  in  connection 
with  the  Senatorial  race,  and  the  conven- 
ing of  the  legislature,  numerous  other 
candidates  appeared  in  the  field.  As  the 
day  of  battle  approached,  it  saw  the  in- 
terests of  the  brilliant  Albert  J.  Bever 
idge,  under  the  personal  direction  of  .John 
Wingate.  After  one  of  the  most  memor- 
able and  exciting  friendly  contests  in  the 
history  of  Indiana  politics.  Beveridge 
won. 

<  M f  the   many  pleasant    aftermaths 

of  the  Beveridge  campaign  was  the  recep- 
tion given  by  the  Columbia  Club  of  In- 
dianapolis, at  the  Denison  hotel,  to 
Senator  elect  Beveridge  and  Minister  to 
Austria  Addison  C.  Harris.  Many  of 
the  noted  men  and  women  of  the  State 
were  present  and  the  gathering  will  long 
be  remembered  as  the  most  brilliant  in 
the  history  of  the  city.  Responses  to 
toasts  were  made  by  the  Governor  and 
by  others  prominent  in  letters  and  poli- 
tics. <  hi  this  occasion  Mr.  Wingate  was 
honored  by  being  selected  to  respond  to 
the  sentiment  "Our  New  Senator."  In 
doing  so  he  not  only  gratified  but  agree- 
ably surprised  his  friends  by  his  choice 
diction  and  powers  of  oratory.  It  is  no 
disparagement  to  others  to  say-  because 
it  was  universally  conceded  to  be  so — 
that  his  speech  was  the  decided  hit  of  the 
evening. 

Ii  is  not  inappropriate  to  speak  here  of 
some  peculiarities  of  John  Wingate  in 
politics  that  make  him  different  from  most 
men.  He  is  no  "trimmer. "  but  is  always 
for  some  one:  but  in  being  for  some  one. 
he  does  not  think  it  incumbent  upon  him 
self  to  he  against  somebody  else,  and  have 
concealed  about  his  pel-son  knives  and 
poison    for  their  political    extermination. 


OF   THK    STATE    OP    INDIAN  \ 


I ;,:: 


He  always  comes  out  of  a  fight  with  the 
devotion  of  his  friends  and  the  respect  of 
those  whose  personal  cause  lie  did  not 
espouse.  Another  peculiarity  is  that  near- 
ly his  whole  life  lias  been  spent  in  ad- 
vancing the  interests  of  sonic  one:  and 
this,  not  infrequently,  at  no  little  sacri- 
fice to  himself.  He  is  modest  in  the 
extreme,  never  posing  as  a  forecaster  and 
by  nature  is  entirely  impervious  to  dis- 
couragements. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  second  term  of 
Col.  I.  X.  Walker,  on  March  loth,  L89M, 
Governor  Mount  appointed  John  C.  Win 
gate  his  successor  as  State  Tax  Commis- 
sioner, which  is  the  only  official  position 
he  has  ever  held. 

He  brings  to  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  this  responsihle  position  a  broad  intel- 
ligence, a  quick  perception,  a  discriminat- 
ing judgment,  an  extensive  knowledge  of 
men.  a  wide  comprehension  of  property 
values  and  a  courage  that  will  enable 
him  to  fearlessly  perform  the  obligations 
imposed  upon  him  by  law. 

i  >n  May  22nd,  L8T9,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Lida  Grilkey,  only 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Aaron  H.  Grilkey, 
of  Montgomery  county.  They  have  no 
children,  but  their  hearts  have  always 
gone  out  in  sympathy  to  the  little  folks. 
They  have  taken  into  their  home,  at  dif- 
ferent times,  three  orphan  children,  who 
have  been  the  recipients  of  their  generos- 
ity and  affection,  two  of  whom.  Claude 
('.  Hughes  and  Arthur  Hoagland,  are 
still  with  them.  A  number  of  years  ago 
Mrs.  Wiugate  was  the  victim  of  a  serious 
railroad  accident  that  has  made  her  a 
sufferer  ever  since.  She  is  the  constant 
recipient  of  all  the  care  and  attention  that 
can  he  given  by  a  loving  and  devoted 
husband.  All  that  expert  medical  and 
surgical  skill  can  suggest  has  been  and  is 
still  being  done  for  her  comfort  and  re 
covery.  After  all.  the  home  is  the  real  test 
of  character,  and  measured  by  this  stand 
ard.  John  ('.   Wiugate  is  at  his  best. 


c 


LARZ  A.    WlIITCOMlfis  olli    of    the  most 

efficient  of  the  youug  attorneys  of  I  ml  i 
atiapolisandis  among  all  his  acquaintances 
an  extremely  popular  man.  Mr.  Whit- 
comh  was  one  of  the  Republican  leaders 
of  the  Indiana  House  of  Representatives, 
despite  the  fact  that  he  is  young  in  years, 
in  the  legislature  of  ls:i|t.  While,  with  a 
becoming  modesty,  he  did  not  attempt  to 
force  himself  to  the  front,  he  was  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  conservative  and 
a  hie  members  of  the  legislature  and  gained 
the  respect  of  his  colleagues  by  Ins  uncom- 
promising positions  on  several  measures. 
He  has  for  some  years  been  known  as  one 
of  the  most  active  young  Republicans  of 
Marion  county. 

Mr.  Whitcomb  was  horn  at  Clinton. 
Indiana.  March  26th,  L871.  His  father. 
John  Whitcomb.  was  one  of  Indiana's 
early  pioneers,  coming  to  this  State  and 
settling  at  Clinton  in  I  si's.  Mr.  Whit 
con  ih  received  his  common  school  education 


154 


HISTORY    OK   THK    REPUBLICAN    PART'S 


at  Clinton.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years 
he  entered  the  preparatory  school  of 
DePauw  University  and  graduated  from 
DePauw  in  June,  L893.  In  September  of 
that  year  he  entered  the  Academic  Depart- 
ment of  Yale  and  was  graduated  in  June. 
1894.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
graduated  from  the  Yale  Law  School. 
AY  ell  prepared  for  a  life's  struggle  by  an 
excellent  and  thorough  education.  Mr. 
Whitcomb  came  to  Indianapolis  in  Septem- 
ber, 1895,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law.  It  is  certain  that  his  election  to  the 
legislature  is  but  a  small  step  in  his  politi- 
cal career,  for  at  the  present  early  stage 
of  his  existence  he  has.  by  his  honesty  and 
bis  record  as  a  careful  and  efficient  attor- 
ney, demonstrated  bis  worth. 


COL.   RICHARD  W.   THOMPSON. 

No  man  in  Indiana,  nor  indeed  through- 
out the  West,  has  enjoyed  so  long  a  career 
of  high  distinction  as  has  Col.  Richard  W. 
Thompson.  One  of  the  most  prominent 
leaders  of  the  Republican  party  in  the 
country  years  before  men  whose  heads  are 
now  bowed  beneath  the  hoar  of  wintry 
age.  He  has  lived  on  with  a  most  aston- 
ishing vitality  and  has  accomplished  won- 
ders for  humanity  long  after  the  period  of 
his  natural  activity  was  supposed  to  have 
been  closed.  The  veneration  with  which 
he  has  been  held  for  years  by  the  whole 
Republican  party  of  Indiana  is  something 
unparalleled. 

Richard  AY.  Thompson  was  born  at 
Culpepper  Courthouse.  Va.,  in  1809.  The 
war  of  1812,  fought  while  he  was  a  babe 
in  arms,  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the 
Western  migration  of  the  race,  and  many 
a  young  man  of  the  original  States  sought 
in  the  wilderness  beyond  the  Ohio  a  for- 
tune and  a  career.  At  twenty-two  young 
Dick  Thompson  was  a  handsome  stripling 

with    nothing    but    a    g 1    education,    a 

whole  body  and  a  determination  to  make 
a  name  for  himself  in  the  world.     He  took 


up  the  Western  trail,  riding  on  horseback 
through  the  mountains  from  his  Virginia 
home  to  Pittsburg.  Thence  down  the 
( >hio  river  to  Louisville.  There  he  stnu  k 
northward  and  westward,  through  the 
hills  and  forests,  nor  paused  until  he 
reached  the  straggling  little  village  of 
Bedford.  Indiana.  His  simple  store  of 
money  was  about  exhausted,  and.  like 
many  another  young  man  of  his  time,  he 
turned  to  school  teaching  as  the  mosl  con- 
venient method  of  earning  a  livelihood. 
As  a  school  teacher  and  as  a  merchant's 
clerk  he  succeeded  in  keeping  himself 
clothed  and  fed  while  he  put  in  all  his 
spare  time  studying  law.  After  three 
years  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
took  up  the  practice  of  law.  but  at  the 
same  time  he  was  cast  into  the  arena  of 
politics.  No  young  man  in  all  the  country 
round  was  near  so  popular  as  he  with 
man.  woman  and  child.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 
served  there  and  in  House  and  Senate 
four  years  with  great  distinction  and  use- 
fulness. For  two  years  he  was  Acting 
Lieutenant-Governor.  It  was  during  this 
period  of  his  career,  in  1  >:!•;.  that  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Harriet  Eliza  Gardner, 
and  of  this  union  eight  children  were 
born.  In  is-tl  Mr.  Thompson  was  elected 
by  the  Whigs  as  a  member  of  Congress, 
but  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  re- 
moved to  Terre  Haute,  out  of  the  district, 
where  the  profession  of  law  offered  to  him 
a  wider  field.  He  became  the  most  fam- 
ous advocate  of  his  time  in  Indiana  and 
during  the  period  of  his  practice  was  en- 
gaged in  nearly  all  of  the  most  important 
legal  controversies  in  Indiana  and  Illinois. 

In    ls-l-she    was    elected    to  CongieSS    fl'oin 

the  Terre  Haute  district  against  Hon.  Jos. 
A.  Wright,  afterwards  Governor  of  Indi- 
ana. It  was  during  this  term  in  Congress 
that  his  intimacy  with  Morse,  the  invento] 
of  telegraphy,  began.  As  is  well  known. 
Morse  carried  his  invention  before  Con- 
gress and  begged  for  an  appropriation  for 


C_y  Z^cX^vL^ 


crnyC 


HISTORY    til-'   THE    REPUBLICAN    PAKTY 


;in  experimental  line.  Thompson  was  one 
of  the  few  who.  instead  of  scoffing  at  such 
an  unheard  of  thing,  took  the  matter  up 
seriously  and  gave  it  earnest  study.  Prob- 
alily  more  than  any  other  member,  lie  was 
instrumental  in  obtaining  for  Morse  the 
means  of  giving  to  the  world  the  benefit 
of  his  great  invention.  His  wit  and  ge- 
niality, no  less  than  his  abilities,  made 
him  many  warm  friends  among  the  bril- 
liant coterie  of  men  then  in  control  of 
Congressional  affairs,  among  them  Clay, 
Webster,  Calhoun,  and  other  famous 
names.  He  participated  prominently  in 
the  debates,  raging  in  Congress  at  that 
time  over  the  slavery  question,  and  was  a 
leader  of  the  great  body  of  Whigs  who 
believed  that  the  future  safety  and  pros- 
perity of  the  country  lay  in  the  avoidance 
of  civil  war,  and  his  voice  was  always 
raised  in  behalf  of  peace  and  reasonable 
compromise,  but  when  the  war  came  on 
he  took  his  place  without  hesitation  and 
without  compromise  on  the  side  of  the 
Union.  As  provost  marshal  of  a  large  dis- 
trict, he  had  the  supervision  of  the  raising 
of  troops,  general  supervision  of  camps 
and  the  duty  of  keeping  the  peace  within 
his  district.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Terre  Haute, 
devoting  most  of  his  attention  t<>  the  af- 
fairs of  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad  Company,  of  which  he  was  for 
many  years  counsel.  During  this  period 
he  filled  a  short  term  as  Circuit   Judge  by 

appointment.        He    declined     the     office     of 

minister  to  Austria  tendered  him  by  Pres- 
ident Taylor,  the  office  of  Recorder  of  Gen- 
eral Laud  Office,  offered  by  President  Fill- 
more, and  a  .1  udgeship  in  the  United  States 
Court  of  Columbus,  offered  by  President 
Lincoln.  While  he  was  still  active,  not 
only  in  Indiana,  hut  throughout  the  coun- 
try as  a  speaker  in  behalf  of  Republican 
principles,  he  believed  that  he  had  perma- 
nently retired  from  official  life  and  was 
well  content  to  pass  the  rest  of  his  days  as 
an    eminent    lawver  who  had    served    his 


country  when  his  services  were  needed. 
In  |s77.  however.  President  Hayes  in- 
vited him  into  his  cabinet  as  Secretary  of 
the  Navy.  He  accepted  the  appointment, 
and  brought  to  its  duties  conscientious 
care  and  attention  to  details  that  caused 
no  little  surprise  at  Washington.  He  be- 
lieved the  United  States  must  equip  itself 
with  a  modern  navy,  hut  he  saw  that  be- 
fore this  should  he  possible  the  Navy  de- 
partment must  be  remodeled  from  top  to 
bottom,  old  barnacles  swept  off,  old  leaks 
stopped  up  and  a  thorough  system  of  bus- 
iness and  economy  introduced.  To  this 
great  task  he  set  himself  with  zeal  and 
vigor,  and  with  effective  intelligence  that 
from  the  first  appropriation  made  by  Con- 
gress after  he  assumed  office  he  was  able 
to  cover  back  to  the  treasury  over  a  million 
dollars.  Many  men  have  claimed  the  title 
of  ••Father  of  the  New  Navy."  but  to  Col. 
Thompson  belongs  distinctly  the  honor  of 
having  not  only  discerned  the  necessity 
for  such  a  navy,  but  of  going  about  in  a 
proper  business-like  way  to  paving  the 
way  for  it.  In  December,  L880,  he  re- 
signed his  office  to  accept  the  presidency  of 
the  American  board  of  the  Panama  Canal 
Company,  a  great  trust  which  he  carried 
forward  with  energy,  integrity  and  busi- 
ness like  sagacity,  until  the  extravagance 
of  the  home  company  wrecked  the  enter- 
prise. No  greater  compliment  could  come 
to  a  man's  integrity  than  lies  in  the  fact 
that  during  all  the  terrible  exposition  of 
scandal  and  corruption  in  the  French  Pan 
atna  Company  no  breath  of  suspicion  ever 
attached  to  the  American  administration 
of  its  affairs  under  Col.  Thompson's  direc- 
tion. Its  record  was  as  clean  as  that  of  a 
well  regulated  bank.  At  the  end  of  his 
service  with  the  Panama  Company,  full 
of  years  and  dignity.  Mr.  Thompson  re- 
tired to  private  life  reappearing  always  to 
preside  over  the  State  convention  of  his 
party  or  to  head  the  State  delegation  to  a 
National  convention.  Each  of  these  re- 
appearances has  been  hailed  as  a  triumph 


<iK   THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Loi 


and  not  only  the  party  in  Indiana  lint  the 
Republicans  <>t'  the  Nation  have  sought 
their  opportunity  to  show  their  respect  and 
veneration.  Though  lie  has  led  a  life  of 
»'i'eat  activity  in  the  affairs  of  men.  Mr. 
Thompson  has  found  time  to  give  to  the 
world  a  number  of  historical  and  philoso- 
phical works  of  higb  value,  among  them. 
•'The  Papacy  and  Civil  Power."  "History 
of  the  Tariff. ""  "Footprints  of  the  Jesuits." 
"Personal  Recollections  of  the  Presidents." 
While  all  of  these  have  been  valuable 
contributions  to  history  and  to  literature, 
the  last,  detailing  his  recollections  of  six- 
teen Presidents  has  had  a  wonderfully  wide 
circle  of  readers  and  has  added  not  a  little 
to  a  fame  already  builded  high  of  other 
materials. 

JEFFERSON  H.  CLAYPOOL. 

Jefferson  H.  Claypool  was  born 
at  Connersville,  Indiana.  August  15, 
L856.  Spent  four  years  at  Miami  Uni- 
versity, Oxford.  <  Ihio,  and  one  year  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  Charlottsville, 
Virginia.  Read  law  for  two  years  in  his 
father's  law  office  at  Connersville.  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  1  >•! 7.  and  became  a 
law  partner  of  his  father  and  continued  as 
such  until  the  death  of  his  father  in  L888. 
The  firm  did  a  large  business,  which  af- 
forded the  young  Claypool  an  opportunity 
rarely  enjoyed  by  young  lawyers  for  gain- 
ing experience  in  his  profession,  and  form- 
ing an  extensive  acquaintanceship.  Mr. 
Claypool  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  Eouse 
of  Representatives  in  1888  and  again  in 
L890  from  the  comities  of  Fayette  and 
Henry.  He  served  on  the  committee  of 
ways  and  means  both  sessions.  In  1893 
Mr.  Claypool  moved  to  Indianapolis,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Since  his  removal 
to  this  city  he  has  not  been  active  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  giving  his  time 
largely  to  the  management  of  extensive 
farming  interests  and  other  business  enter- 
prises with  which  he  is  connected.      He  is 


director  in  the  Firsi  sal  ional  Hank  of 
Connersville.  Indiana,  and  a  stockholder 
in  a  number  of  business  corporations,  to 
all  of  which  he  gives  personal  attention. 
From  his  early  youth  Mr.  Claypool  has 
been  an  active  Republican,  and  lias  assisted 
in  writing  several  of  the  Slate  platforms  of 
his  party.  In  the  campaign  of  LS9W  he 
was  chairman  of  the  advisory  committee, 
of  the  State  central  commit  tee.  and  in 
1898  was  one  of  the  State  election  com- 
missioners. Mi-,  Claypool  has  in  the  pas! 
ten  years  contributed  numerous  articles  to 
the  public  press  on  political  and  economic 
questions,  many  of  which  have  been  ex- 
tensively recopiedon  account  of  their  clear 
ness  and  forceful  reasoning.  Mr.  Clay- 
pool believes  in  clean  politics,  civil  service 
and  a  single  gold  standard,  and  has  no 
hesitation  in  expressing  himself  in  regard 
to  men  or  measures,  believing  that  no 
political  party  can  long  succeed  by  prac- 
ticing demagogy. 

In  L893  Mr.  Claypool  was  married  to 
Mary  Buckner  Ross,  only  child  of  Major 
John  W.  Ross,  of  Connersville.  Indiana. 
They  have  one  child.  Benjamin  F.  Clay- 
pool, aged  five  years. 


EENRY  C.    RYAN 
Henry  C.  Ryan,  Judgeofthe  Madison 

Superior  Court,   has  Ion.--  1 n   known  as 

one  of  the  prominent  attorneys  of  Eastern 
Indiana,  and  as  a  Republican  who  has 
fought  manfully  for  the  success  of  his 
party  and  has  helped  immeasurably  in  the 
work  of  building  up  the  Republican  party 
of  .Madison  county  to  its  present  success. 
He  was  horn  May  4.  1^;,;,.  at  Morristown, 
Shelby  comity.  Indiana,  where  his  family 
temporarily  resided  while  his  father  was 
engaged  in  superintending  the  construe 
tioii  of  what  was  then  known  a- the  Junc- 
tion Railroad.  Less  than  a  year  later 
they  returned  to  Anderson,  where  the 
family  has  since  resided.  His  father  was 
Col.    Townsend    Ryan,    a    physician     and 


1 58 


HISTORY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PAKTY 


*£. 


-7 


&> 


*r 


surgeon  by  prof  ession,  who  practiced  in  An- 
derson up  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
War.  when  he  entered  the  service  as 
Colonel  of  the  Thirty-Fourth  Indiana  In- 
fantry. He  commanded  this  regiment 
with  high  ability  and  courage  for  two 
years,  when  he  was  compelled  to  leave  the 
service  on  account  of  ill  health,  afterwards 
joining  the  Fifty-Fourth  Indiana  as  sur- 
geon, in  this  capacity  going  through  the 
campaign  before  Vicksburg.  Before  the 
war  he  served  a  term  in  the  Indiana  legis- 
lature. He  had  heen  an  old  neighbor  and 
friend  of  James  Buchanan  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  convention  that  nominated 
Buchanan  for  the  Presidency.  His  an- 
cestors were  of  Irish  and  Swiss  stock. 
Judge  Ryan's  mother's  name  was  Susan 
Wilson,  of  one  of  the  prominent  families 
of  Butler  county,  <  >.  The  boy  was  educat- 
ed in  Anderson,  chiefly  in  private  schools, 
and  soon  after  leaving  school  entered  the 
law  office  of  Sausberry  &  Goodykoonts. 
After  reading  law  for  two  years  in  this 
office  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.      He  met  with  the  usual  strug- 


gles of  a  young  lawyer,  hut  persistent  in- 
dustry, conscientious  work  and  natural 
ability  overcame  every  obstacle  and  he 
gradually  assumed  his  natural  place  as 
one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Ryan  was  married  at  Anderson  in 
September.  LS78,  to  Sarah  M.  Ethell. 
daughter  of  Win.  (i.  Ethell.  a  prominent 
civil  engineer.  They  have  but  one  child. 
Marc  Ryan,  now  just  coining  to  man 
hood. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Ryan  has  always  been 
a  Republican,  casting  his  first  vote  in  the 
elections  of  1876.  He  has  always  taken 
an  active  part  in  local  politics  and  his  in- 
fluence has  spread  far  beyond  his  county, 
though  he  has  never  been  much  interested 
in  the  details  of  State  politics.  From  1890 
to  1896  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  An- 
derson City  Council,  during  the  period  of 
the  city's  greatest  development  when  all 
the  most  important  of  the  city's  improve- 
ments were  made.  In  1896  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  acclamation  for  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  and  was  elected  by  a  good 
round  majority.  In  this  office  he  has 
served  with  such  ability  as  to  largely  in- 
crease the  great  esteem  in  which  he  is  held 
throughout  the  gas  belt. 


JOHN    K.  GOWDY. 

Hon.  John  K.  Gowdy,  Consul-General 

of  the  United  States  at  Paris,  France, 
was  chairman  of  the  Indiana  Republican 
State  committee  from  1890  to  1*97.  He 
is  a  native  of  Indiana,  having  been  born 
at  Arlington,  in  Rush  county.  August  23, 
1844.  He  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation in  his  native  county. 

In  September,  1862,  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  Company  L.  Fifth  Indiana  Vol- 
unteer Cavalry,  at  Lafayette.  Indiana, 
serving  until  October  5.  186;">.  when  be 
was  mustered  out  at  Indianapolis.  Dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1865-66  he  at- 
tended school  in  Eush  county.  In  1866- 
67  he  taught  school  in  Jasper  county. 


(IF   THK    STATE    UK    INDIANA. 


159 


In  January,  L867,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Eve  E.  Gordon,  and  in  August  of 
the  same  year  he  returned  to  Rush  county. 
where  he  settled  on  a  farm.  There  he  re- 
sided until  L870,  in  which  year  he  was 
elected  Sheriff  of  Rush  county,  and  moved 
to  Rushville  to  assume  the  duties  of  the 
office.  In  lS72he  was  again  renominated 
and  re-elected  Sheriff. 

After  serving  four  years  as  sheriff  lie 
returned  to  the  farm,  where  he  lived  until 
187s.  In  that  year  he  returned  to  the 
county  seat,  where  he  has  since  lived.  In 
1^7!*  .Mr.  Gowdy  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  Rush  county  Republican  committee, 
and  served  his  party  in  that  capacity  dur- 
ing a  period  of  ten   years. 

In  1882  he  was  nominated  by  the  Re- 
publicans of  Rush  county,  by  acclamation, 
for  Auditor,  to  which  office  he  was  elected. 
In  "LSsu  he  was  renominated,  and  again 
elected  to  a  second  term  in  the  same  office. 

In  his  capacity  as  county  chairman, 
and  in  the  management  of  local  cam 
paigns,  Mr.  Gowdy  displayed  such  splen- 
did executive  ability,  and  such  tact  for 
organization,  that  he  became  a  potent 
factor  in  State  politics.  In  the  fall  of 
1890,  when  Attorney- General  L.  T.  Mich- 
ener  resigned  the  chairmanship  of  the  In- 
diana Republican  State  committee,  Mr. 
Gowdy  was  selected  as  his  successor. 

In  1892,  when  the  State  committee  was 
reorganized,  he  was  elected  chairman.  He 
at  once  entered  upon  a  personal  canvass 
of  the  State  in  the  interests  of  the  organ- 
ization. His  ability  as  an  organizer  was 
demonstrated  in  the  State  campaign  of 
L892,  when,  although  the  Republican 
party  met  with  overwhelming  defeat  in 
other  States  usually  counted  in  the  Re- 
publican column,  the  Democratic  majority 
in  Indiana  was  only  normal,  being  hut  a 
little  over  7,000. 

In  1894  Mr.  Gowdy  was  again  elected 
chairman  of  the  Republican  State  com- 
mittee, and  the  success  of  the  party  in 
the    Indiana   election  of    that  year  added 


to  the  reputation  he  had  gained  as  an  as- 
tute politician  and  organizer  of  ability. 

In  1896,  when  the  State  committee  was 
again  reorganized,  Mr.  Gowdy  was,  for 
the  third  time,  chosen  chairman  after  a 
spirited  contest.  Tt  was  in  the  McKinley 
campaign  that  the  executive  ability  and 
splendid  judgment  of  Mr.  Gowdy  was  dis- 
played. The  party  was  confronted  with 
a  new  and  dangerous  issue  and  disturbed 
by  internal  dissensions,  hut  by  fairness 
and  firmness,  great  tact  and  shrewd  man 
ipulation,  the  party,  under  his  leadership. 
achieved  one  of  the  greatest  victories  in 
its  entire  history  in  the  State. 

As  a  reward  for  party  services,  and  in 
recognition  of  his  business  and  executive 
ability.  President  McKinley  appointed 
Mr.  Gowdy  Consul-General  of  the  United 
States  at  Paris.  France,  where  he  has  won 
for  himself  the  honor  and  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  most  efficient  and  popu- 
lar officials  who  has  ever  represented  the 
United  States  Government  at  the  French 
capital. 


IHO                                                HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PART} 

JAMES  FRANK   HANLY.  able  at  long  intervals  to  attend  school  for 

The   story   of   J.    Frank    Hanly's   life  a  few  weeks  at  a  time  putting  in  the  rest 

reads  more  like  the  career  of  one  of  the  of  his  time  as  a  common  laborer  on  va- 

early    fathers   of  the  Republic  than   like  rious  farms  in  Champaign  county.     Thus 

that  of  a  young  man  of  the  end  of  the  he  succeeded  in  getting  not  quite  a   whole 

century.       We    have    occasionally    won-  year  of  schooling.      In  1879  he  started  out 

tiered    how    men   attained  such  greatness  alone  to  Warren  county,  Indiana,  but   his 

in    the    beginnings    of    the    Republic  at  funds  soon  gave  out  and  he  had  to  walk 

a    very    youthful  age  and  have  reasoned  m"st    of  the   distance.       On    arriving  at 

it    out  on  the  ground  that  the    Republic  Williamsport  he  asked   for  work  and 


was    small,   that    it  contained   few  peopl< 


■ured  employment  sawing  wood  at  seventy 


and  that  the  general  average  of  intelli-  liv''  cents  Per  ,1;iy.  When  the  spring 
gence  and  ability  was  lower  than  those  season  opened  he  readily  found  employ- 
now;  hut  in  Mr.  Eanly's  case  these  views  ""'llt  ,,n  t,H'  f;m"  and  worked  through 
cannot  hold  good.  Sprung  from  as  hum-  the  summer.  In  winter  he  secured  em- 
ble  beginnings  as  any  of  them,  making  ployment  teaching  common  school  for  six 
his  way  in  the  world  absolutely  alone,  months  and  saved  up  money  enough  to 
without  the  aid  of  fortuitous  circumstance  tak('  ;l  course  of  ten  weeks  at  the   Eastern 

by   sheer   force   of   native   ability,    indus-      Illinois  Normal  Scl 1  at    Danville.     The 

try    and    strength    of    purpose,    he   is   a  struggle  of  life  had  no  terrors  for  him  and 

striking,  living  example  of  the  fact   that  though  he  had  nothing  hut  his  brains  and 

opportunities  for  greatness  are  as  bound-  muscle  when  he  fell  in  love,  in  L881,  with 

less   now  as  they  have  ever  been   in  the  Miss  Eva  A.  Simmer,  of  Williamsport,  they 

history  of  our  country  were  married.      Sharing    his    early    hopes 

.lames  Franklin  Hanly  was  horn    April  and  fears  she  has  proven  to  him   a   perfect 

-t.     1863,    in    a    little   log   cabin  near  St.  helpmate,  and  their  married  life  has  been 

Joseph    in    Champaign    comity.    Illinois,  one  of  serene  happiness.      Mr.  Hanly  con  - 

His  father.  Elijah  Hanly.  was  a  cooper  by  tinued  to  teach  school  in   the   winter,   and 

trade,    of    Scotch-Irish    extraction    and    a  do  any  honorable   work   he  could   find    to 

native  of   Hamilton  county.   Ohio,  whose  hand  in  the  summer.    Thesummer  of  1888 

ancestors  had  come  at  an  early  date  from  found   him  digging  tile  ditches,  when   at 

Ireland.       He    had    married    Anne    Eliza  the  suggestion  of  Judge  Joseph   M.   U'abb. 

Calton,  a  native  of  North  Carolina,   and  of  Williamsport.  he  entered  the  campaign 

they  had  finally  settled  in   Illinois.     The  in  a  local  way  speaking  in  Fountain,  Ver- 

child  had  as   rough  sledding  in   obtaining  million.     Warren    and     Benton     counties, 

an  education  as  could  well  be  imagined.  Hi*  speeches  caused  a    sensation.     There 

He    learned   his  letters  and    how    to   spell  was  a   depth  of  thought   and   keenness  of 

out   words  at   his  mother's  knee,  who  be-  logic  and   loftiness  of  patriotic  sentiment 

came  blind  when  the  boy   was  but  eleven  all    clothed    in    a    fervid,    persuasive   elo- 

yearsofage.      When  he  was  but  six  years  qnence  that  caused   the  farmers  of  these 

old  his  father  purchased  the  history  of  the  counties  to  simply  follow  the  young  school 

Civil  War  and  it  was  one  of  the  few  1 ks  teacher  around  in  crowds  to  listen  to  his 

the  little  cabin  boasted.      The   boy   spelled  speeches.      Those  who  heard  him  were   his 

it  out  and  learned  it  by  heart  and  with  an  to  command   for  anything  he   might   ask. 

imagination  that  could   read   between   the  In   April  of    1889  he   was  admitted    to  the 

lines   he   found    in    it    the    inspiration  of  bar  in  Warren  county  and  began  the prac- 

patriotism  and   love  of  country   that  have  tice   of  law    at    Williamsport.      The  next 

guided    his   subsequent  career.      He   was  spring  he  was  triumphantly  nominated  for 


OP    THE    ST  \TK    OF    INDIANA. 


101 


the  State  Senate  and  elected  by  a  big  ma- 
jority. In  the  sessions  of  ls'.U  and  lsOP. 
lie  attracted  very  general  attention  in  the 
Senate.  Quiet  and  unobtrusive,  lie  had  the 
most  rigid  ideas  of  what  was  right  and  of 
what  was  good  statesmanship,  and  exhib- 
ited unlimited  courage  in  stating  and  hold- 
ing fasl  to  his  views.  In  1894  there  was 
a  tremendous  contest  for  the  Congressional 
nomination  in  the  ninth  district.      Among 

the   candidates    were    Will     h\     W 1.    of 

Lafayette  ;  W.  If.  Hart,  of  Frankfort, 
now  Auditor  of  State,  and  Joseph  B. 
Cheadle  who  had  already  represented  the 
district  two  terms.  Mr.  Hanly  was  put 
forth  by  Warren  county,  and  the  strug- 
gle in  the  convention  was  long  and  stub- 
born, though  entirely  friendly.  The  clean 
reputation  and  line  personal  bearing 
of  young  Hanly  won  him  the  honor  on 
the  ninety-third  ballot,  and  lie  made  for 
the  Republicans  such  a  campaign  as  the 
ninth  district  had  never  known  before. 
His  eloquence  and  the  quality  of  his  polit- 
ical  thought  had  both  improved  with  age. 
It  was  the  same  old  story  of  his  early  cam 
paign  over.  Farmers  would  drive  all  day 
to  reach  one  of  his  meetings  and  more 
than  once  enthusiasm  ran  so  high  that 
they  were  more  like  old-fashioned  Metho- 
dist revivals  than  political  assemblages. 
He  was  elected  with  a  majority  of  over 
5,000  over  the  Fusion  candidate.  A.  (1. 
Burkhart.  and  though  in  Congress  but 
two  years  he  left  not  only  upon  his 
colleagues  there,  but  upon  the  legislation 
of  the  period  a  distinct  impress  of  his 
strong  personality.  He  was  far-seeing 
enough  to  understand  then  that  the  United 
States  must  have  a  greal  navy  and  stood 
out  stoutly  against  the  leaders  of  his  own 
party  in  demanding  liberal  naval  appro- 
priations. Upon  all  questions  that  came 
up  be  had  positive  views,  and  though  he 
was  not  upon  his  feet  often,  when  he  arose 
be  had  something  to  say  and  said  it  in  a 
way  that  carried  with  it  force  and  con- 
viction.       He    continued    the    practice    of 


law  while  in  Congress  a-  he  bad  while  in 
the  State  Senate.  His  legal  education  had 
been  dug  out  as  had  his  earlier  education. 
by  reading  such  law  books  as  he  could 
boiTow  during  such  time  as  he  could  snatch 
from  the  strenuous  toil  that  earned  bread 
ami  butter  for  his  family.  He  had  the 
training  of  neither  a  law  school  nor  law 
office  and  yet  he  quickly  took  a  position  of 
eminence  at  the  bar  in  Williamsport.  He 
has  never  known  what  rest  is  and  his  stu- 
dious habits  and  immense  capacity  for 
work  are  still  the  marvel  of  those  associ- 
ated with  him.  The  legislature  of  1895 
gerrymandered  him  into  a  new  Congres- 
sional district,  the  tenth,  but  even  thrown 
thus  among  strangers  the  name  he  had 
earned  was  so  great  as  to  come  within  half 
a  vote  of  giving  him  the  Congressional 
nomination  in  his  new  district.  It  is  not 
his  nature  to  retire  to  his  tent  and  in  the 
campaign  of  l 896  no  man  did  more  valiant 
or  valuable  work  for  the  Republican  cause 
throughout  the  State  than  Mr.  Hank. 
After  the  (dose  of  this  campaign  he  re- 
moved to  Lafayette  where  he  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  his  whilom  opponent. 
Will  R.  Wood,  and  now  the  law  firm  of 
Hanly  A;  Wood  is  .me  of  the  most  success- 
ful in   Lafayette. 

In  the  campaign  of  L898  Mr.  Hanly's 
oratory  was  again  one  of  the  mainstays 
of  the  Republican  party  and  he  spoke  in 
every  part  of  the  State.  Small  wonder  it 
was  that,  when  the  Republicans  bad  again 
captured  the  legislature,  his  name  should 
have  been  frequently  beard   as    a    possible 

candidate    for  the   Senate   to  SUCC 1     Mr. 

Turpie.  While  his  greal  abilities  were 
very  generally  recognized,  most  of  the 
leaders  oi  the  party  took  it  for  granted 
that  he  was  too  young  and  too  new  in  the 
held  of  politics  to  acquire  sufficient  follow- 
ing to  be  much  of  a  factor  in  the  struggle. 
What  was  their  surprise  then  to  find  when 
the  (dans  began  to  gather  at   Indianapolis. 

a    few   Weeks   before  the  session  began,    that 

voting  Mr.    Hanly  was   one   of   the   chief 


162 


HISTORY    <>K    THK    KKITHI.K  AN     I'ARTY 


factors  in  the  race.  His  canvass  contin- 
ued tu  gather  strength  with  wonderful 
momentum  until  it  soon  settled  down  into 
a  fight  of  the  field  against  Hanly.  The 
newspapers  of  Indianapolis  never  made  a 
more  unfair  fight  than  when  they  com- 
bined in  the  effort  to  defeat  him.  His 
record  was  so  absolutely  clean  that  they 
could  find  there  no  fault,  but  they  brought 
vague  charges  of  a  great  combination  of  in- 
terests behind  him  calculated  to  frighten 
members  from  his  standard.  It  is  need- 
less to  say  that  these  stories  of  a  com- 
bination were  entirely  groundless.  The 
only  combinations  of  interest  behind  Mr. 
Hanly  was  the  admiration  of  Repuhli- 
cans  all  through  Indiana  for  his  magnifi- 
cent abilities  and  splendid  public  record. 
He  entered  the  Senatorial  caucus  with  al- 
most double  the  number  of  votes  given  to 
any  other  candidate  and  steadily  held  his 
lead  and  increased  it  until  the  last  ballot 
when  in  a  general  break-up  the  votes  of 
all  the  opposing  candidates  were  concen- 
trated upon  Mr.  Beveridge  and  nominated 
him.      Mr.  Hanlv's  lowest  vote  was  thirty 


and  his  highest  thirty-eight,  within  very 
few  votes  of  enough  to  nominate.  Phil- 
osophical, not  in  the  least  cast  down  by 
defeat  after  such  an  honorable  tight,  and 
such  a  splendid  display  of  strength,  Mr. 
Hanly  returned  to  Lafayette  to  the  prac- 
tice of  law  to  find  that  in  gaining  the 
thorough  respect  of  the  people  of  the  State 
by  his  generous  hearing  in  defeat  he  had 
made  the  winning  instead  of  the  losing 
fight. 


JUDGE  HARRY  B.   TUTHILL. 

•Judge  Harry  B.  Tuthill.  of  Michigan 
City,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  Repub- 
licans of  Northern  Indiana.  For  the  last 
fifteen  years  he  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  city,  county  and  State  politics,  whose 
enthusiasm  is  inspired  by  a  profound  be- 
lief in  Republican  party  principles. 

Harry  Beakes  Tuthill  was  horn  Aug- 
ust 2,  1858,  at  Dowagiac.  Cass  county. 
Michigan.  His  father.  Cyrus  Tuthill.  was 
a  farmer.  The  ancestry  of  both  father 
ami  mother  i  Frances  Beakes)  came  from 
England  to  America  about  L6±0;  the  Tut- 
hill family  settled  on  Long  Island  and  the 
Beakes  family  in  New  York. 

Judge  Tuthill's  early  education  com- 
menced in  the  country  schools,  which  he 
attended  in  winter  time,  working  on  the 
farm  in  summer.  Later  he  taught  and 
completed  his  schooling  in  the  Dowagiac 
High  School.  He  came  to  Michigan  City, 
Indiana,  December  15,  L879,  and  opened 
a  law  office,  continuing  successfully  in 
the  practice  since  that  time.  In  1896 
he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  LaPorte,  Porter  and  Lake  coun- 
ties, assuming  his  seat  on  the  bench  Jan- 
uary  1.  1897. 

Judge  Tuthill  is  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar men  in  Indiana.  His  friends  know 
him  as  a  man  whose  friendship  means 
something.  As  a  conversationalist,  man- 
ages to  bring  out  the  best  in  one.  His 
record  on  the  bench  is  a  brilliant  one.  He 
is  popular  with   the  bar  and  his  decisions 


OF   THE   STATE    OP    INDIANA. 


163 


from  tlic  bench  are  uniformly  fair  and  un- 
impeachable. His  decisions  have  been  re- 
viewed by  the  higher  courts  of  Indiana  ten 
times  since  his  accession  to  the  bench  with 
but  <me  reversal. 

Unsolicited  endorsement,  especially 
when  it  is  unknown,  is  often  the  most  re- 
liable, and  along  this  Line  we  quote  from 
the  pen  of  a  corresponded  in  the  (  'hicago 
Times- Herald  of  May  15,  1896,  in  which, 
after  giving  an  account  of  the  nomination 
of  Judge  Tuthill  for  his  present  position. 
he  says: 

'■The  only  office  Mr.  Tuthill  ever  held 
is  that  of  Corporation  ( lounsel  of  Michigan 
City,  which  position  he  still  tills.  Mis 
astuteness  as  a  lawyer  has  been  impressed 
upon  his  constituency  during  the  eighteen 
months  of  his  incumbency,  by  the  fact 
that  of  eleven  cases  brought  againsl  the 
city,  most  of  them  involving  many  thous- 
ands of  dollars,  he  was  victorious  in  all 
except  one." 

Judge  Tuthill  was  married  in  1S78  to 
Miss  Alice  Wells,  of  Dowagiac.  They  have 
two  children,  Lotta  Grace,  aged  eighteen, 
and  Ralph  Wells,  aged  fourteen.  He  is 
a  member  of  all  Masonic  bodies  from  Blue 
to  thirty-second  degree. 

Mrs.  Tuthill  comes  from  a  prominent 
family  of  Cass  county,  Michigan.  Her 
father  has  held  many  positions  of  trust 
and  been  honored  by  the  Republican  party 
with  office  and  otherwise  on  several  occa- 
sions. Her  parents  on  both  sides  are  of 
English  descent,  settling  in  .New  York. 
She  is  a  woman  of  rare  culture  and  refine- 
ment and  has  been  a  helpmeet  indeed  to 
her  husband. 


DANIEL  V.    MILLER. 

Daniel  V.  Miller,  of  Terre  Haute, 
who  has  recently  become  a  leading  spirit 
in  Vigo  county  politics,  is  the  son  of  John 
and  Martha  (Steele)  Miller.  He  was  horn 
at  the  old  homestead,  on  Big  Raccoon 
creek,  in  Parke  county,  Indiana.  June  29, 


LS67.  His  father  died  a  few  years  ago. 
His  mother  now  lives  at  Greencastle,  In- 
diana. The  Millers  are  of  ( ioriuan  descent. 
John  M..  the  grandfather,  was  born  in 
Franklin  county.  Virginia,  in  L801,  and 
while  yet  a  youth  settled  with  several  of 
his  brothers  in  the  southeastern  part  of 
Parke  county.  Their  descendants  now 
comprise  a  good  percentage  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  that  section.  The  Steeles  came 
to  the  southern  part  of  Putnam  county. 
Indiana,  at  an  early  day.  from  Kentucky. 
The  ancestors  migrated  from  North  Caro- 
lina, and  were  of  Irish  descent.  Mr. 
Miller's  boyhood  was  occupied  by  the  usual 
farm  work  and  attending  the  country 
schools.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  his  am- 
bition for  a  professional  life  prevailed,  and 
he  began  to  work  his  way  through  college, 
which  was  accomplished  without  assist- 
ance. He  taught  school  six  winters  in  the 
country  schools  and  as  principal  in  the 
graded  schools  of  his  native  county,  and 
later  taught  higher  mathematics  in  the 
Central  Normal,  at  Danville,  Indiana. 
He  read   law  at    odd    times  while  occupied 


164 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


with  the  school  work,  and  then  became  a 
student  in  the  office  of  Hogate  &  Clark. 
of  Danville,  where  he  received  much  of 
his  practical  training.  In  1893  he  came 
to  Terre  Haute  and  took  a  place  in  the  law 
office  of  Lamb  &  Beasley.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Prosecutor  of  Vigo  county, 
in  1*94.  when  he  attracted  the  public 
attention  in  prosecuting  the  famous  Ben 
Reed  trial.  He  soon  resigned  this  office 
to  become  the  attorney  for  the  Terre  Haute 
Trust  Company. 

Mr.  Miller  has  been  a  close  student  of 
public  speakers  almost  since  childhood, 
which,  with  his  natural  ability,  has  given 
him  an  enviable  reputation  as  an  orator. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  won  the  first 
prize  at  an  oratorical  contest  at  Rockville 
over  six  contestants,  one  of  whom,  within 
a  few  weeks  afterwards,  won  the  first 
prize  in  the  State  oratorical  contest  and 
the  second  prize  in  the  interstate  contest. 
He  began  bis  career  as  a  campaign  orator 
in  1888,  making  thirty  speeches  in  his  own 
and  adjoining  counties.  His  services  have 
been  much  in  demand  at  each  recurring 
campaign.  In  lsytj  he  made  a  thorough 
canvass  of  the  Fifth  District  in  the  interest 
of  ( 'ongressman  Faris. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  of 
L898,  the  Republican  party  of  Vigo  county 
was  divided  into  two  uncompromising 
factions,  and  it  was  generally  recognized 
by  local  leaders,  as  well  as  by  the  State 
organization,  that  there  was  but  little 
chance  for  success.  Mr.  Miller  was  chosen 
county  chairman  by  acclamation,  and  dis- 
played almost  unprecedented  energy  in 
bringing  the  warring  elements  into  line, 
and  before  the  end  of  the  year  had  one  of 
the  best  working  organizations  in  the 
State,  electing  the  State  and  Congressional 
tickets  by  safe  majorities  and  more  than 
half  the  county  ticket.  He  paid  every 
obligation  of  the  organization,  including 
many  accounts  of  long  standing,  some- 
thing before  unknown  in  Vigo  politics. 


Mr.  Miller  is  jolly  and  good  natured. 
popular  with  all  classes,  a  typical  "mixer," 
a  lover  of  all  athletic  sports.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic,  K.  of  P.  and 
Elks*  lodges.  Was  married  on  the  24th 
day  of  May,  1899,  to  Miss  Olive  Wiseman, 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Andrew  Wiseman, 
a  prominent  farmer  of  Vigo  county,  and 
lias  an  elegant  home  in  the  south  part  of 
Tciie  Haute  He  is  at  present  County 
Attorney  and  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Crane,  Miller  &  Miller,  composed  of 
himself,  his  younger  brother,  A.  L.  Miller, 
and  Gr.  M.  Crane. 


ENOCH  G.  HOGATE. 

Enoch  G.  Hogate  was  born  in  Cen- 
treton,  Salem  county,  New  Jersey,  Sep- 
tember 16,  1*49.  His  father  was  Jonathan 
and  his  mother  Sarah  A.  Hogate.  the 
former  of  English  and  the  latter  of  Irish 
and  Hollander  stock,  and  both,  while  not 
pretentious  people,  were  of  that  solid,  con- 
servative, cultured  and  progressive  class 
of  citizens  who  make  for  good  in  the  de- 
velopment of  a  strong,  moral  and  intel- 
lectual sentiment  in  a  community.  His 
father  was  a  mechanic  of  moderate  means 
and  young  Hogate,  from  twelve  to  fifteen, 
worked  at  his  father's  trade. 

At  fifteen,  realizing  the  limited  oppor- 
tunities that  awaited  him  in  the  little  New 
Jersey  town,  he  packed  all  his  belongings 
in  a  small  traveling  bag  and  came  "West 
to  grow  up  with  the  country.*''  He  settled 
in  Danville,  Indiana,  where  his  elder 
brother  Charles  had  preceded  him  several 
years  and  who  died  in  1*74  while  holding 
the  office  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
for  the  Sixth  District  of  Indiana. 

The  early  training  of  the  lad  well  fitted 
him  for  his  Western  struggle.  He  was 
ambitious,  but  wholly  without  means  for 
an  education  and  gladly  embraced  every 
opportunity  that  would  add  to  his  limited 
knowledge,  and.  by  doing  odd  jobs  about 


G^c^-<^a>    \st  %rn>y>  aAj<^ 


166 


HISTOKY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


town,  made  money  enough  to  carry  him 
through  tin-  Danville  Academy.  This 
qualified  him  for  teaching,  which  he  fol 
lowed  for  a  few  years  in  the  graded 
schools  of  the  county,  and,  by  clerking  in 
a  store  between  school  years,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  strictest  economy,  man- 
aged to  get  together  enough  money  to 
carry  him  through  a  classical  course  in 
Allegheny  College,  Meadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, whence  he  graduated  in  IS72  with 
the  first  honors  of  a  large  class.  He  was 
a  member  of  Phi  Gamma  Delta  Frater- 
nity. 

Returning  to  Danville,  he  at  once  took 
up  the  study  of  the  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  liar  in  1872.  He  was  elected  and 
served  one  term  as  Clerk  of  the  Court. 

In  May.  LS73,  he  was  married  to  Mary 
J.  Matlock,  by  whom  he  had  his  only  chil- 
dren, namely.  Jessie  ML,  Charles  D.  and 
Mary  L.  The  mother  of  his  children  died 
in  1880,  and.  August  10,  1881,  he  was 
married  to  Anna  ('.  Huston,  who  still  sur- 
vives. 

Mr.  Hogate,  when  he  took  up  the  ac- 
tive  practice,    at    once    took    a    prominent 


position  at  the  Danville  bar.  His  thor- 
ough equipment,  his  industrious  habits, 
his  ready  speech,  his  well-earned  character, 
made  the  acquisition  of  business  easy  and 
from  the  first  he  had  but  little  of  that  em- 
barrassing leisure  that  perplexes  young 
lawyers.  His  continued  success  at  the 
bar  has  been  marked  and  profitable. 

He  has  for  many  years  been  a  promi- 
nent member  ot  1.  0.  <  >.  F.  and  has  made 
many  addresses  to  the  Order  throughout 
the  State,  and  in  L892  was  elected  Grand 
Master  from  the  floor  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
without  having  previously  held  any  of  the 
minor  offices,  an  honor  seldom  bestowed 
by  the  ( irand  Lodge. 

He  was  elected  State  Senator  for  the 
comities  of  Hendricks  and  Putnam  in  1896 
and  served  with  conspicuous  ability  and 
usefulness  in  the  sessions  of  1897  and  1899. 
In  the  latter  session  he  was  chairman  of 
the  Senate  finance  committee  and  in  both 
sessions  was  one  of  the  acknowledged 
leaders  of  the  majority. 

He  has  served  as  chairman  of  the 
county  Republican  committee,  often  as 
dele-ate  to  the  State  and  other  conven- 
tions, and  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
every  political  campaign  for  twenty  years 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Columbia  Club 
of  Indianapolis  and  for  many  years  has 
been  a  faithful  and  an  official  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church. 

He  is  conservative  and  steadfast  in  his 
convictions,  progressive  in  his  ideas,  pa- 
triotic in  sentiment,  liberal  to  charities, 
robust  in  health  and  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable,  all-around  citizens  of  the  State. 

CHARLES   ROYAL  LANE. 

Charles  Royal  Lane  is  a  young  man 
who  has  risen  to  much  prominence  in  the 
politics  of  the  State  during  the  past  few 
years.  He  was  horn  of  Presbyterian  par- 
entage on  December  i\  1861,  at  Oxford, 
Ohio.  His  father.  Edward  P.  Lane. 
owned   and   operated    passenger  steamers 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


161 


on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  He  in 
turn  was  the  son  of  Ebenezer  Lane,  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Lane  Seminary  at 
Cincinnati.  Lucinda  Tanner  Lane,  mother 
of  Charles,  descended  from  a  New  York 
family  that  migrated  from  the  mother 
country  in  the  early  Puritan  days.  Charles 
was  given  a  thorough  education,  though 
he  was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early  age.  his 
father  dying  in  1869  and  his  mother  in 
1873.  He  graduated  at  Earlhani  in  18S4 
and  began  his  lifework  as  a  newspaper 
reporter  on  the  Palladium  in  Richmond. 
In  lssT  he  was  married  to  Cora  M.  Had- 
ley,  at  Richmond,  and  they  have  two 
children.  In  L890  he  came  to  Indianapolis 
and  was  connected  for  a  number  of  years 
with  the  Indianapolis  Journal,  leaving  it 
in  1895  to  become  private  secretary  to 
Congressman  Charles  L.  Henry.  Return- 
ing from  Washington,  in  L897,  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  State  Senate  and 
made  a  very  competent  official  in  that 
capacity.  At  the  close  of  the  legislative 
session  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Ft. 
Wayne  Gazette,  of  which  he  was  editor. 
In  189*  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Allen 
county  executive  committee  and  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  seven  members  of  the 
State  executive  committee  by  chairman 
Hernly.  In  April.  1899,  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  State  Supervisor  of  ( >ils  tor  the 
Twelfth  District,  a  position  be  is  filling 
with  integrity  and  efficiency.  Mi'.  Lane  is 
a  member  of  the  Columbia  and  Marion 
Clubs  of  Indianapolis  and  of  the  Tippe- 
canoe Club  of  Ft.   Wayne. 

DAVID  H.   M.   FLYNN. 

David  11.  M.  Fi.ynn.  ofLaFayette,  has 
achieved  no  small  reputation  in  Tippe- 
canoe and  neighboring  counties  as  a  Re- 
publican and  a  party  worker  of  great  effi- 
ciency and  is  well  known  by  party  leaders 
all  over  the  State.  For  many  yearshehas 
been  one  of  the  most  faithful  workers  of 
tlie  party  in  his  Congressional  district  and 


AzJ^itt,    ?&>.    C^f* 


has  rendered  valuable  services  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  county  committees  of  Tippe- 
canoe. As  a  business  man.  Mr.  Flynn's 
acquaintance  is  even  more  extended.  The 
twenty-seven  years  of  his  earlier  life  which 
he  spent  as  a  traveling  salesman  won  him 
a  general  acquaintance  throughout  Indi- 
ana as  well  as  in  Illinois.  Kentucky  and 
the  West,  He  is  at  present  secretary  of 
the  firm,  Hamilton  Carpet  &  Furniture 
Company,  a  corporation,  at  LaFayette. 

David  Henry  Martin  Flynn  owes  bis 
success  in  life  to  his  own  efforts,  industry 
and  patient  perseverance.  He  was  born 
at  Syracuse.  New  York.  May  25,  L846. 
Roth  bis  parents  came  of  good  Irish  stock, 
his  father.  John  Flynn.  having  been  born 
in  County  Cork.  Ireland,  and  bis  mother, 
Bridget  Martin,  in  County  Mayo.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  bis  name 
from  his  mother's  father,  David  Eenry 
Martin.  While  be  was  still  young  bis 
mother  was  left  a  widow  withoneson  and 
two  daughters,  and  young  David  struck 
out  for  himself.  His  first  work  was  on  a 
farm  at  four  dollars  per  month.  Later 
he  drove  hack  between  Bradford  and  Rens- 
selaer.  Indiana,  afterward-  carrying  mail 
from  Rensselaer  to  Kankakee.      He  then 


[6S  HISTORY     OF    THE    REPUBLICAN     PARTY 

secured  work  in  the  store  of   L.    Falley  &  Commercial  Club.      Mr.    Flynn   is    now  a 

Suns,    at    LaFayette,    at    two  dollars  per  man  of  fifty-three  years,  highly  respected 

week  and  continued  in   various  capacities  by  all  who  knew  him. 

for  twenty-seven  years  with  them.     Later 

he  became  a   partner  in   the   well  known  R0BERT  STEWAET  TAYLOR. 

firm  ut  Fallev  &  I-  lynn. 

Mr.  Flynn's  first  vote  was  Republican.  RoBEET   Stewart   Tavi.uk    was   born 

He  has  served  two  terms  as  chairman  of  "";"'  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  May  22,   L838,  the 

...        ...                              ...          ,.    ,     ,^  son  of  Isaac   N.    and    Margaretta  Stewart 

the  Republican  city  committee  of    Laiay- 

.    ,      r„.                  ,.  lavlor.      Both  his  parents  were  of  pioneer 

ette,  was  secretary  <it   the    I  ippecanoe  Pe-  •                               *                               ' 

x.  families  of  the  Sciota  Valley.     His  father. 

publican  county  committee  tor  two  terms  J 

1                                                 .                  ,  Rev.  1.  N.    lavlor.  was  one  ot  the  pioneer 

and  later  served  as  vice-chairman  and  as  .                            .„,.                    ,. 

Presbyterian  clergymen  or  Ohio,  a  man  ot 

chairman  of  the  county  committee,  all  ot  •''-,•            i         i      ,     ,  ,    i 

marked  success  in   Ins  work       In   1^44  he 

which  positions  he  filled   with  credit.      In  ^^  fco  portland   j      (,,untv_  w)lt,re  he 

1S90  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  continued  ||is  labors  as  minister  and  school 

Court,  and  so  ably  did  he  fulfill  Ins  duties  tt,;((.h(,1.   ;m(1  wh(,lv  h(.  founded  Liber  Col- 

that.  nothwithstanding  the  one-tern,  pre-  lege  in  ls-.._      Brought  up  in  such  .,  home 

cedent,  he  was  re-elected  in  1894.      He  has  ;m(1  un(1(,r  SU(.h  fcutelage  Judge  Taylor,   in 

been  a  delegate  to  nearly  all  the  Republi-  llis  childhood,  laid  the  foundations  of  that 

can  city,  county,  Congressional  and  State  character  that  he  has  carried  throughlife. 

conventions  for  many  years.  Trained  for  his  college  course  by  his  father, 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out,  in  IS61,  he  entered    Liber  College  and  graduated 

Mr.   Flynn  enlisted,   although  he   was  at  there  in  June,    1858,   and   an   hour  after 

that  time  but  fifteen  years  of  age.  and  as  graduation  was  married  to  Mis>  Fanny  W. 

a  result  was  not  mustered  in.      He  served  Wright,  one  of  his  classmates  in  college. 

a  short  time  in  the  three  months"  service.  His  ambition  hail  been  the  practiceof  law. 

however,  and  later  in  the  three  years' ser-  and  he  immediately    began   the  study  of 

vice.      He  has  heen  twice  married.     First,  his  profession  in  the  office  of  Judge  Jacob 

he  was  married  to  Miss  Clara  A.  Snyder,  M    Haynes,  at  Portland.      In    LS59  he  re 


only  daughter  of  John   K.   Snyder,  of  La 
Fayette.      Three  children  remain    to  him 


moved  to   Fort   Wayne,  where  he   taughl 
•hool  for  a  year,  pursuing  his  legal  studies 


,.  .,-  , , ;     .       ,  'i    ,      -mii     ir-4-j.-        d urine- such  spare  time  as  he  could   find, 

rnnn  this  marriage,   (  lara   Mabel,   Kittle  ' 

The  next  vear  he  entered  the  office  of  L.  M. 


B.  and  David  1L.  Jr.  11  is  second  mar- 
riage was  in  Genessee  county.  Michigan, 
to  Miss  Martha  Hovey,  daughter  of  George 


Ninde  as  a  student  and  assistant,  and  two 

years  later  was  given  a  partnership.    When 

the  Criminal  Court   of  Allen  county  was 
Hovev,  one  ot    .Uiclne-an  s  earlv  pioneers.  ,    „       _.     ,  .       ;. 

'  '  organized    Mr.    lavlor    was  made    Prose- 


By  this  marriage  he  has  one  child,  Norm; 
Louise.  Mr.  Flynn  is  a  member  of  flu 
LaFayette  (  Hub,  the  Lincoln  Club  and  flit 
Marion  Club  of  Indianapolis  Besides  lib 
business  relations  with  Fallev  &  Flynn,  In 


cuting  Attorney,  and  this  partnership  was 
dissolved.  A  year  later  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Fleas.  At 
the   close  of    llis   term   as   Judge  he   was 

elected     to    represent     Allen    colllltv    ill    the 

is   interested    in    the    Hamilton   Carpet   &  ,(|W(,r  house  of  the  legislature,  and   holds 

Furniture  Company,  and  is  interested   in  t]u.  uistincti,.n  of  being  the  only   Repub- 

the  Harrison  Telephone  Company  of  La-  [ican  ever  sent  to  the  legislature  from  thai 

Fayette  and  a  director  of  the  LaFayette  li;1  ,„„.,.   Democratic  stronghold.      In    1872 


« 


- 


OF   THE   STATE    OF    IMH  \  \  \. 


I  69 


he  returned  to  the  practice  equipped  with 
the  triple  experience  of  Lawyer,  legislator 
and  judge.  He  came  rapidly  to  the  front 
,-iik1  lias  steadily  continued  to  grow  in  rep- 
utation, until  now  he  is  known  the  conn 
try  over  as  one  of  the  eminent  lawyers  of 
the  American  liar.  In  some  departments 
of  law.  notably  in  respect  to  the  new  legal 
questions  that  have  sprung  up  in  connec- 
tion with  the  multifarious  uses  to  which 
electricity  has  recently  been  put,  he  stands 
at  the  front.  His  election  as  president  of 
the  Indiana  State  liar  Association  for  I  S99- 
1900,  when  alisent  from  the  meeting  ami 
without  expectation  of  the  honor,  was  a 
high  testimonial  of  the  esteem  in  which  he 
is  held  by  the  lawyers  of  his  own  Stale. 

It  has  been  said  of  Judge  Taylor  more 
than  once  that  he  is  one  of  the  ablest 
statesmen   and    at    the  same   time  one  of 

the    | rest     politicians    thai     Indiana    has 

produced.  While  the  realm  of  practical 
politics  is  to  him  an  unknown  land,  the 
country  has  produced  no  deeper  thinker 
upon  its  political  and  social  problems.  His 
speeches-  familiar  to  Indiana  Republic- 
ans— are  quite  unlike  the  ordinary  cam- 
paign deliverance.  They  are  studies  based 
on  original  research  into  history,  statistics 
and  public  documents,  which  go  to  the 
bottom  of  every  question  discussed  with 
argumenl  at  once  clear  and  entertaining. 

In  |ss|  Judge  Taylor  was  appointed  by 
President  Garfield  a  member  of  the  .Missis 
sippi  River  Commission,  ami  in  less  than 
a  year  he  had  so  mastered  the  principles 
of  this  greal  work  and  demonstrated 
his  usefulness  in  it  thai  he  has  been  re- 
tained ever  since  despite  political  changes 
in  the  administration  at  Washington. 
When  he  was  asked  to  serve  upon  the 
Monetary  Commission,  in  LS97,  he  readily 
consented,  though  at  the  sacrifice  of  large 
interests,  and  gave  many  months  of  his 
time  to  the  severe  work  of  the  commission. 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  he  had 
never  before  made  a  special  study  of  cur- 
rency questions,  he  was  recognized  by  the 


other  members  oi  I  In  commission  before 
the  work  was  finished  as  a  valuable  col- 
league, and  since  then  his  mastery  of  the 
subject  has  been  recognized  throughoul 
the  country  by  innumerable  requests  for 
addresses  ami  pamphlets.  Another  prob- 
lem to  which  he  has  devoted  much  time 
and  thoughl  is  the  labor  question.  As  the 
result  of  his  investigation  of  the  relations 
of  labor  and  capital  he  framed  the  bill  thai 
was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  Indiana, 
in  1897,  appointing  a  labor  commission 
whose  duties  for  the  most  part  are  purely 
conciliatory,  but  which  has  judicial  powers 
upon  the  initial  consent  of  the  parties  to 
the  controversy.  Since  then  a  prolonged 
labor  struggle  in  Indiana  has  been  prac- 
tically unknown,  and  those  who  have  care- 
fully observed  the  operations  of  the  law 
believe  that   in  it    has   been  found  the  best 

solution    Vet     presented   of    the    problems    of 

strikes,  lockouts  and  boycotts. 

It  has  been  a  large  part  of  Judge  Tay- 
lor's life  to  lie  a  Republican.  His  first 
work  on  the  stump  was  in  L860,  and  his 
first  vote  for  President  was  cast  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln.  From  that  time  to  the 
present  he  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
every  campaign  in  Indiana  except  one. 
dm  inn'  which  he  was  disabled  by  illness, 
lie  has  always  made  liberal  use  of  the 
press.  His  speeches  have  been  more  widely 
circulated  in  print  than  those  of  any 
other  Republican excepl  General  Harrison. 
Thousands  of  Republicans  throughoul  the 
State  have  been  accustomed  for  years  to 
read  them  regularly  at  each  recurring 
campaign,  and  through  them  have  come 
to  regard  him  as  a  friend  and  acquaint- 
ance, although  they  never  saw  him. 

Judge  Taylor  is  still  in  t  be  prime  of  bis 
mature  maiili I.       His  work  in  the  world 

has  been  greal  and  beneficent;  it  has 
always  measured  up  to  the  responsibilities 
placed  upon  him  by  the  endowment  of  in- 
tellectual and  moral  strength  that  is  bis. 
There  is  no  computing  the  value  of  such 
a  man  and  of  such  a  life  work. 


LTO 


HISTORY    OK    THK    REPUBLICAN    I'ARTY 


MILTON  GARRIGUS. 

Few  mt'ii  have  given  more  of  their  time, 
energy  and  money  in  a  long,  busy  and  suc- 
cessful life,  to  the  glory  and  enduring  suc- 
cess of  the  Republican  party,  than  Milton 
Garrigus,  of  Kokomo.  A  lifelong  Repub- 
licanand  a  firm  and  sincere  believer  in  Re- 
publican principles,  he  has  been  one  of  the 
heaviest  contributors  to  all  the  Republican 
successes  in  Indiana  since  the  organization 
of  the  party.  His  services  on  the  various 
Republican  committees  have  been  valuable 
and  efficient,  and  his  ability  as  an  able 
executive  officer  and  party  organizer  is  of 
the  first  order.  As  a  campaign  orator  the 
people  know  him  well,  and  his  services 
have  always  been  in  great  demand  by  his 
party  in  the  heat  of  the  conflict,  and  they 
have  ever  been  readily  granted. 

The  life  of  Milton  Garrigus  is  marked 
with  signal  success  in  whatever  he  under- 
took, through  earnest  and  patient  perse- 
verance and  hard  work.  His  early  boy- 
hood was  spent  on  the  frontier,  where  the 
simple  surroundings,  which  have  spurred 
so  many  of  America's  great  men  on  to 
success,  gave  him  ambition.  Asa  pioneer, 
school  teacher,  a  brave,  gallant  and  efficient 
soldier,  as  an  able  representative  of  his 
constituency  in  the  Indiana  Senate,  as  a 
lawyer,  and  above  all  as  a  Republican 
leader,  his  patient  and  persistent  efforts 
have  won  him  success  and  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  the  people. 

Mi-.  Garrigus  was  born  on  the  frontier 
farm  of  his  father,  Timothy  L.  Garrigus, 
in  Center  township.  Wayne  county.  In- 
diana. September  27,  LS3 1,  His  father, 
who  had  been  a  soldi ei-  in  the  War  of  1  si  •_'. 
came  to  Indiana  as  a  pioneer  in  L816,  and 
began  to  clear  a  farm  from  the  forests  and 
swamps  of  Wayne  county.  Besides  his 
occupation  as  a  farmer  be  was  a  carpenter, 
millwright,  and  was  well  known  all 
through  the  region  of  swamps  and  woods 
I m -t  ween  the  (  >hio  river  and  the  great  lakes 
as  a  minister  of  the  Church  of  the  United 
Brethren   in    Christ.      He  made  the  trips 


between  the  Ohio  river  and  the  lakes  on 
horseback,  through  the  rivers,  swamps  and 
forests,  and  was  noted  for  his  zeal  and  his 
earnest,  effective  oratory.  He  was  a 
staunch  and  untiring  Abolitionist,  and  was 
nominated  for  Representative  from  Wayne 
county  in  lSPt.  In  ls47  the  family  set- 
tled in  Howard  county,  where  he  con- 
structed more  residences  and  mills.  In 
1852  he  was  nominated  for  State  Senator 
from  Howard  county.  With  bright  pros- 
pects in  Indiana,  having  cleared  farms  in 
Wayne.  Howard.  Marshall  and  St.  Joseph 
counties,  he  left  all  to  help  the  State  men 
in  Kansas  fight  against  the  border  ruffians 
in  1856,  and  died  in  Omaha,  Nebraska,  in 
the  same  year.  The  mother  of  Milton 
Garrigus  was  a  highly  respected  Christian 
woman,  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
church  for  60  years.  She  was  one  of  the 
brave  pioneer  women  of  the  early  history 
of   Indiana,  and  an  excellent  rifle  shot. 

.Mr.  Garrigus  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  those  pioneer  days. 

lie  read  every  1 k   obtainable,  mostly  by 

light  of  hickory  bark  torches,  after  his  day's 
labor  was  finished.  Early  in  life  be  began 
to  build  for  himself  a  practical  education. 
He  was  well  read  in  ancient  and  modern 
history  and  thorough  in  the  common 
branches  He  made  many  a  record  in  the 
spelling  schools  of  pioneer  times,  and  was 
especially  apt  in  mathematics.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  all  institutes  and  debat- 
ing societies  in  his  vicinity.  Mr.  Garrigus 
worked  steadily  on  his  father's  farm  until 
he  attained  his  majority,  helping  to  clear 
three  farms  for  his  father  and  one  for  him- 
self, in  the  wild  forest.  He  could  talk 
Indian  dialect,  and  handle  axe,  rifle  and 
canoe.  He  stayed  alone,  keeping  "bach- 
elor's hall."  nine  months.  February  to 
November,  LS47,  <>n  his  father's  pre-emp- 
tion claim  in  the  ••Indian  Reserve"  in  what 
is  now  Howard  county,  where  Mr.  Garri- 
gus has  since  made  his  home.  In  the 
early  days  of  Howard  county  he  often  was 
elected   by  the  people  to  superintend  the 


17:.'                                                   HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

construction  of  the  primitive  highways.  In  1^7s  he  was  nominated  by  the  Re- 
tie  taught  in  thecommoD  schoolsseventeen  publicans  for  Senator  from  the  countiesof 
terms,  studying  far  into  the  night  to  keep  Howard  and  Miami  and  was  elected  after 
ahead  df  his  classes,  and  working  out  for  an  exciting  campaign,  and  served  at  the 
himself  a  thorough  and  practical  education,  regular  and  special  sessions  of  ls7:>  and 
His  services  as  a  teacher  were  in  great  I*si,  ],,  both  sessions  Mr.  Garrigus 
demand.  His  executive  ability  was  of  the  served  with  greal  credit  and  took  apromi- 
liij^hfst  order,  his  schools  were  always  nent  part  in  his  party  counsels.  Heserved 
orderly,  notwithstanding  the  turbulence  on  many  important  Senate  committees 
which  usually  exist*  d  in  the  country  schools  and  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost 
of  that  day.  and  he  was  popular  with  pa-  Republican  members, 
trons  and  pupils.  He  was  three  times  ap-  Mr.  Garrigus  was  made  County  Attor- 
pointed  School  Examiner,  in  1S59,  I860  ney  for  Howard  county  in  1876  and  re- 
and  L861.  In  1859  he  was  appointed  tained  that  positiou  until  1892,  when  he 
Postmaster  at  Greentown,  removing  to  was  elected  County  Auditor.  In  1891  he 
that  town  from  his  farm.  All  this  time  was  elected  President  of  the  Howard 
he  was  continually  reaching  out  for  a  County  Bar  Association  and  is  still  its 
higher  education,   secured  a  fine   library,  president. 

and  became  well  read  in  history,  sciences  In  L  883  he  was  nominated  by  President 

and    literature.      Most   of  Ins  leisure   time  Arthur  as  Collector  of   Internal    Revenue 

he  studied  law,  and  he  was  admitted  to  for   the   Lawrenceburg   district,  and  was 

the  liar  at    Kokomo  in  1859.      He   was  an  endorsed    by   his   county    and    State   com- 

ardent  temperance  advocate,  and  in  1859  mittees,   by  every   Republican  member  of 

was    appointed     Deputy    Grand    Worthy  the  legislature,  by  Governor  Porter,  Judge 

Chief   Templar,   to   lecture  and    organize  Gresham  and   many   prominent    Republi- 

lodgesof  G 1  Templars  in  Northern    In-  <';m*  in    various  parts  of  the   State.      He 


received  nearly    the  unanimous    endon 

ment  of  his  party  and  of  all  the  patrons  of 
the  Kokomo  postoffice  in  L889  for  Post- 
master. 

To  the  Republicans  of  Indiana  the  po- 
litical   record    of     Mr.     Garrigus    is    well 

known.      When   a    boy   he   was    a   Whig, 
partner  oi  Col.  C  J).  .Murray,  late  C  oloiiel      ir  ,    „       ....    „  .,  „     ...  .  , 

1  ■  .  He  voted   for   \\  infield   Scott   in  IS52  and 


diana.    hut    was    called    from   the    lecture 
field  to  the  Union  Army  in  1861 . 

Upon  returning  from  a  brilliant  mili- 
tary service,  which  we  describe  further 
on.  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
Kokomo,  and  in  ls7o  he  became  the  law 


»f  the  Eighty-Ninth  Indiana,    which  part 
nership  existed  until   1^7:;.      Pater  he  was 
a  partner  in   the  law   firm  of  Garrigus  & 


forevery  candidate  of  the  Republican  party 
since.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
[oward  county   Republican   central  com 


[ngels,  and  in  1876  he  entered  into  a  part-      mittee  sinCe  the  organization  of  the  party, 

nership    with     Hon.    James  O'Brien,    late      except  while  in   the  army,    and   served   as 


Judge    of    the    Circuit    Court    and     State 


•hairman  in  1874,   1875,   1876,  ls77.   1880, 


Senator,  and  the  firm  continued  until  1881.  [S8i    1882    1883    1884,    1885    1888    1889 

[n  1875  he  became  superintendent  of  the  1 896  and    1897.    with   a    brilliant    record. 

schools  of  Howard  county   and   served   in  \s  an   ai,i,.    executive  and    effective    or- 

that  position  with  great   credit  to  himself  ganizer,  his  ability  lias  ever  been   recog- 

nntil  1878.     So  thorough  and   competent  uized.      He  attended  the   Republican   Na- 

was  he   in   his  work    that    a   teacher  who  tional  conventions  at   Baltimore  in   1872, 

held    his    license    where    he    was    known  at  Chicago  in  1880,  18S4  and  I888,anda1 

needed  no  other  recommendation.  St.  Louis  in  1896.      He  has  attended  every 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.  17:1 

State  convention,  districl  and  county  con-  the  staff  of  Brigadier- General  E.G.  Mason, 

vention,  in  his  own  district   and   county,  of    the    2nd    Brigade,    lili    Division,    :ii>tli 

since  the  organization  of  the  party,  except  Army  Corps.     During  his  service  he  was 

while    in    the    army.        He    has    probahly  army    correspondent    for    several    leading 

made  more  speeches,  done  more  work  and  newspapers.       Of   his   efficiency,   General 

contributed  more  in   various  ways  to  the  Mason  writes  :     "  I  have  always  considered 

success  of  his  party  than  any  other  man  Captain  Garrigus  an  officer  of  rare  ability. 

in  Howard  county.      He  was  in  early  man-  1    have    known   many  officers  in  the    In 

h 1    a    teacher   of    vocal   music  and   for  spector's  department.     He  was  the  most 

several  campaigns  has  been    the   leader  of  active,  correct  and  faithful — in   short,  the 

a  Republican  glee  club,  which  has  been  a  best  inspector  I  have  ever  known.     There 

great  drawing  card   in    campaigns.      His  was  not  an  officer  on  my  staff   I  held   in 

services  as  a  campaign  orator  have  been  higher  esteem." 

much  in  demand  by  the  State  committee  Capt.  Garrigus  is  prominent  in  the  circles 

and  he  has  spoken  in  all  parts  of  the  State.  of  many  orders,  especially  in  the  G.  A.  R. 

In  L  896  he  made  political  speeches  in  North  In    1nsl'    he  was  appointed  by  the  Com 

Dakota.      He  is  an  earnest  and  emphatic  mander-in- Chief  as  Inspector-General  for 

speaker,  of  great  force  of  character,   and  [ndiana,  and  served  on  his  staff  during  his 

never  forgets  or  neglects  his  friends.  term.       He  is  a  member  of  the  Military 

In    LS'Jl    and    LS92   he   was  editor  and  Order  of  the    Loyal    Legion,    a    Mason   of 

proprietor  of  the  Kokomo  Weekly  Journal,  long  standing,  and  a   prominent  member 

which,   while   he  owned   anil    managed    it.  0f   the  I.  0.  0.  F.       He  and  his   family  are 

was  noted  for  its  aggressiveness  and  bright  active  members  of  the  Christian  Church 


•riginal  features,  and  was  the  official  R( 


if  Kokomo. 


publican  organ.  h|  lS94  he  NV;|S  .111]l(imtl,p  ;m,i  ;1,  the 

The  military  record  of   Mr.  Garrigus  is  (,||(1  o£  ||js  t(,rm   reappointed   by  Governor 

a  brilliant    one.      He   entered   the    Union  MatthewSi    as  a   member  of   the   Indiana 

army  in  1801  as  a  private  in  the  39th  In-  0hickamauga    Commission   to   locate   the 

diana,  and  came  out  of  the  army  a  captain,  .,       ,.  . 

1  proper  sites  for  and  to  erect   monuments 

a  staff  officer,   and  with  enviable  recom-  ,  ,  ,.  ,    T    -,. 

and    markers    for   each    Indiana    regimeut 

and  battery  on  the  battlefields  of  Chicka- 

mauga,    Missionary    Ridge  and     Lookout 

Mountain. 

In  1890  he  was  nominated  by  1,200  ma 


mendations  of  efficiency.  Hetookparl  in 
the  first  skirmish  in  Kentucky  in  L861,  4o 
of  his  regiment  brushing  against  John 
Morgan  and  SO  rebels.      He  fought  in  the 

battles  at  Middleton,  Liberty  Gap,  Perry- 

■n     ,,,-  ,  ,,.    •  ,,-,         ',      iority  in  a  primary  election  and  afterwai 

vdle.  (  hickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge  and 

Nashville.      He  was  discharged  for  promi 

tion   for  heroic  conduct  by  order  of  Gen 


sleeted     Auditor    of     Howard    county    for 
the  four  year  term  ending  March  I.    IS96. 
Thomas,  and  was  commissioned   a   second      '■'   |s:"  h"  was  again   renominated  in  pri 
lieutenant,    was    promoted    to   first    lieu-     mary  election  and  elected  to  succeed  him 
tenant,  and  later  became  the  Adjutant  of     self  for  the  tour  year  term  ending  March 
the  I37tb  Indiana,  and  acted  as  Assistant       '•    llMMI-    receiving    more    than    2,000    ma 
Adjutant-General  of  his  brigade.      InlSCA     jority.       Mr.     Garrigus'    administrations 
he  recruited  Company  I.  of  the  I  li'nd  In       have  been  satisfactory  to  all   his  constitu 
diana  and  was  commissioned  as  its  Captain,     ents,  regardless  of  politics,  and  he  is  one 
In    the   same   year   lie   was   appointed    As       of  the  most  popular,  eflicient    and  faithful 
sistant    Inspector  ( ieiieral  and   assigned  to      servants  I  he  county  has  ever  had. 


74 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PART? 


Col.  Vinson  Vandova  Williams,  a 
prominent  citizen  and  Postmaster  of  Bed- 
ford, Indiana,  was  born  in  Lawrence 
county,  Indiana,  March  2S,  1*41.  His 
parents  were  David  and  Ann  (McClel- 
land) Williams.  His  father,  David  Wil- 
liams, was  a  native  of  North  Carolina, 
who  came  to  Lawrence  county  with  his 
father.  Major  Vinson  Williams,  in  1818, 
who  entered  Government  land  near  Bed- 
ford. He  was  a  man  of  great  prominence 
in  public  affairs  during  the  early  history 
of  the  settlement.  He  represented  Law- 
rence county  in  the  State  legislature  in 
L823,  1828,  1836  and  LS 37,  and  was  County 
Commissioner  in  L843  and  1846.  His  wife 
was  Sarah  Carter  Williams,  who  died  in 
1847.  His  death  occurred  in  L865.  They 
were  the  parents  of  eight  children,  four 
sons  and  four  daughters. 

David,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  the  second  son.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Bedford.  Indiana.  April  21,  1836, 
to  Ann  McClelland,  whose  parents  were 
natives  of  Ireland,  who  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1792,  locating  in  Pennsylvania, 


where  Ann  was  born.  In  1819  they  set- 
tled at  nld  Palestine,  then  the  county  seat 
of   Lawrence  county,  Indiana. 

His  father  died  January  9,  L857,  and 
his  mother  died  October  19,  1*77.  They 
were  t  he  parents  of  four  children,  of  which 
Vinson,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
the  second  child.  In  early  youth  he  re- 
ceived the  advantages  of  a  commonschool 
education  and  worked  on  the  farm.  April 
19,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  soldier  in  Com- 
pany B.  Eighteenth  Regiment  Indiana 
Volunteer  Infantry,  the  first  company 
raised  in  Lawrence  comity  for  the  War  of 
tin1  Rebellion,  He  served  three  years  in 
said  company  and  regiment  and  was  three 
times  wounded  in  the  Vicksburg  cam- 
paign. In  August.  1864,  he  was  honora- 
bly discharged  from  the  service  and  re- 
turned home  and  recruited  Company  B  of 
the  L4oth  Regiment  Indiana  Infantry,  of 
which  he  was  elected  Captain.  At  the  or- 
ganization of  the  regiment  he  was  com- 
missioned Major  by  Gov.  0.  P.  Morton, 
and  in  June.  1865,  was  promoted  to  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  January  2 1 ,  lsiiti,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged  from  theserviceand 
again  returned  home.  Since  then  he  has 
been  engaged  in  various  occupations.  For 
a  few  years  he  resumed  his  former  occu- 
pation of  farming.  In  1 868  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  Lawrence  county  and  was  re- 
elected in  ls7o.  Then  for  a  time  he  was 
engaged  in  real  estate  and  stone  business. 
He  was  Deputy  U.  S.  Marshal  under 
Spooner  and  Dudley  from  isTii  to  1884. 
At  the  organization  of  the  City  of  Bed- 
ford, in  L888,  Col.  Williams  was  elected 
its  first  Mayor.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Republican  county  central  committee  in 
1894  and  again  in  L896.  He  was  an 
alternate  delegate  to  the  Republican  Na- 
tional convention  at  St.  Louis  in  I  s'.iu. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  the  City 
of  Bedford  by  President  McKinley,  Jan- 
uary lo.  1898.  Col.  Williams  is  a  charter 
member  of  E.  C.    Newland    Post  G.  A.  R. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA 


IT.". 


No.  247,  and  of  the  Improved  Order  of 
Red  Men  Opitska  Tribe,  No.  135,  and  of 
Palestine  Lodge.  No.  137  Knights  of  Py- 
thias, also  Sir  Knight  Mason  and  a  mem- 
ber of  Bedford  Commandery,  No.  42.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Stone  City  Club  of 
Bedford  and  of  the  Columbia  Club  of  Indi- 
anapolis. He  assisted  in  organizing  and 
is  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Bedford  Na- 
tional Bank.  Col.  Williams  was  married 
May  16,  1867,  to  Mary  Owen.  They  are 
the  parents  of  four  children,  three  of  whom 
are  now  living.  Minnie  N.  (Mrs.  Joe  L. 
Gloven.  Nora  A.  i  Mrs  Oscar  \V.  Hartley  i 
and  John  I). 

Col.  Williams  is  a  man  of  tine  personal 
appearance,  affable  and  courteous  in  man- 
ner, in  the  full  vigor  of  middle  age.  He 
is  deservedly  popular  with  the  masses  of 
the  people.  He  takes  an  abiding  interest 
in  all  matters  of  local  importance  and  is 
a  useful  and  an  influential  citizen.  He 
has  been  for  years  a  recognized  leader  in 
the  Republican  party,  having  attended  as 
delegate  every  State  convention  in  thirty 
years.  His  intelligent  work  and  leader- 
ship has  contributed  largely  to  making 
Lawrence  county  a  Gibraltar  of  Republi- 
canism. 


FRED.    E.    EOLLOWAY. 

Fkedoxia  Ellsworth  IIollowav. 
known  throughout  the  confines  of  Indiana 
as  one  of  the  most  intelligent  and  active 
young  Republican  leaders  in  the  State. 
was  born  March  23,  1867,  on  a  farm  in 
Martin  county,  Indiana.  His  father.  Rev. 
James  B.  Holloway.  was  a  native  of  Ohio. 
His  ancestors  came  from  England  and 
settled  in  Virginia  before  the  Revolution. 
One  of  his  paternal  ancestors  was  a  Col. 
Gregory,  of  the  British  army,  who  came 
to  America  with  General  Braddock  and 
served  through  the  French  War  and  Revo- 
lution, finally  surrendering  with  Corn- 
wallis.  Among  his  ancestors  was  Henry 
Cornish,  Lord  High  Sheriff  of  London, 
whose  daughter  came  to  America  with  the 


t 


colonists  of  William  Penn  and  settled  in 
Delaware.  Rev.  James  B.  IIollowav  mar- 
ried Eleanor  A.  Jackman,  also  a  native 
of  Ohio,  of  Scotch- Irish  descent. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended   the 

common  schools  at  his  home  and  later  was 
sent  to  Ft.  Worth  University.  Ilestudied 
law  in  1884  and  part  of  1S85,  but  aban- 
doned it  to  return  to  school.  In  18S6  and 
1887  he  was  employed  as  reporter  on.  first, 
the  Fori  Worth  Gazette  and  later  the 
Dallas  Xnrs.  In  June.  ISSS,  he  went  to 
California  and  entered  the  University  of 
Southern  California  in  the  autumn.  Ee 
completed  his  junior  year  in  18S9,  but 
having  no  money  was  compelled  to  aban- 
don his  college  career,  and.  in  connection 
with  some  other  gentlemen,  established 
the  Pacific  Monthly,  a  literary  journal, 
which  struggled  until  the  summer  of  1890, 
when  they  sold  the  magazine.  In  Febru- 
ary of  1891,  .Mr.  Holloway  went  to  Chicago 
and  engaged  in  real  estate  business  with 
fair  success.  In  December  of  that  year 
he  married   Adelaide    Ruth   Compton,   of 


JOHN  H.  BAKER. 


176  HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

Elizabeth,  Indiana,  and  located  in  Evaus-  firm  acting  as  local  attorneys  for  the  Big 

ville.     Shortly  afterward  he  became  rem-  Four  system  and   a  number  of  large  cor- 

nected    with    the   editorial    staff    of    the  porations. 

Evansville  Journal,  a  position  that  gave  In  February,  1898,  at  the  annual  meet- 
hira  a  few  hours  of  leisure.  Theseheturned  ing  of  the  Indiana  State  League  of  lie- 
to  good  account  by  resuming  and  con-  publican  Clubs  at  LaFayette,  Mr.  Hoi 
tinning  his  law  studies,  borrowing  hooks  loway  was  elected  State  President  by 
from  the  friendly  law  firm  of  Mattison,  acclamation,  [n  this  position  he  set  about 
Posey  &  Clark.  his  work  very   energetically  and   gave  the 

Mr.  Ilolloway  has  always  been  an  ar-  party  the  most  efficient  club  organization 
dent  Republican  and  took  an  active  inter-  it  has  ever  had  in  the  State, 
est  in  every  campaign,  no  matter  where 
he  was  located.  His  first  appearance  in 
State  politics  was  in  November  of  189-A 
when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  When  Hon.  John  H  Baker  was  ap- 
legislature.  His  ability  in  debate,  his  pointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  Dis 
sound  common  sense  and  a  few  hursts  of  trict  Court  of  Indiana  there  was  brought 
genuine  eloquence  on  the  floor  of  the  to  the  Federal  bench  an  ideal  jurist.  That 
House  sufficed  to  attract  to  him  very  gen-  .Judge  Baker  is  thoroughly  versed  in  law 
eral  attention.  Shortly  after  the  ad journ-  and  precedent,  and  a  man  of  the  widest 
incut  of  the  legislative  session  he  was  ex-  reading  and  broadest  culture  goes  without 
amined  and  admitted  to  the  bar  and  met  saying,  hut  above  and  beyond  that  he  has 
with  success  from  the  start  In  the  cam-  the  loftiest  conceptions  of  the  duties  of  a 
paign  of  1896,  at  the  request  of  the  chair-  court.  <  >ne  might  as  well  dream  of  over- 
man of  the  State  committee,  Mr.  Holloway  turning  the  whole  structure  of  modern 
made  a  speaking  tour  of  the  State  and  his  society  as  of  perverting  justice  in  his 
meetings  met  with  such  success  that  court  or  of  questioning  either  the  intelli- 
toward  the  end  of  the  campaign  he  was  gence  or  the  integrity  with  which  it  is 
honored  with  some  appointments  that  there  administered.  Before  going  to  the 
might  well  he  envied  by  the  best  orators  bench  Judge  Baker  had  already  done  a 
in  Indiana.  He  spoke  at  the  Harrison  good  day's  work  in  this  world  as  attorney 
meetings  at  Knightstown  on  Friday  before  statesman  and  active  man  of  affairs. 
the  election  and  on  Saturday  afternoon  fol-  He  was  born  in  Monroe  county.  X.  V.. 
lowing  he  spoke  at  Marion  in  connection  hut  while  still  an  infant  his  parents  re- 
with  Congressman  S.  E.  Payne,  of  New  moved  to  Northern  Ohio,  then  on  the  front- 
York,  and  General  Harrison.  ier.      As  he  grew   to  manh 1  he  helped 

He    was    made   chairman    of    the   Con-  his  father  on  the  farm,  attended  the  com 

gressional   convention  of  the  Hist   district  mon  schools  and    taught   a    district  school 

which  renominated  James   A.  Hemenway  later  himself,  and.  by  saving  what  money 

for  Congress  in   1896.      He  was  a  delegate  he    could,    he    was    able,    at     the    age    of 

to  the  State  convention  in  IS96  and  made  twenty-one.  to  take  a  course  of  two  years 

the   speech  placing    Frank    P..    Posey    in  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  at  Dela- 

nomination  for  the  Governorship.      In  No-  ware.      He  pursued  thestudyof  law  after 

vember  of  that  year  he  formed  a  law  part-  graduation  witli  a  diligence  and  thorough- 

nership   with    Hon.    John    W.    Lovett.   of  ness  that  mastered  the  subject  completely, 

Anderson,   and   removed  to  that   city  the  and  after  passing  a  satisfactory  examina- 

following  January,  where  he  has  since  en-  tion  before  the   Supreme   Court    of   Michi- 

joyed  a  very  substantial   law  practice,  the  gan,  was  admitted   to  practice.      He  then 


- 


ST.. 

- 


OP    THE    STATE    OK    INDIANA.  |77 

looked  about  him  and  located  at  Goshen,  close  of  his  third    term    lie  declined   a    re- 

Ind.,    where   most   of   his   life    lias    been  nomination  and  returned  to   the   practice 

spent,      In    the    troublous   period    of   the  of  law.      Ee  quickly  picked   up  again  the 

fifties    he  look  an  active  interest  in    the  practice  that  had  necessarily  been  dropped 

slavery  question  and  cast  his  fortunes  un-  upon  his  entrance   into   Congress,  and  it 

hesitatingly  with    the    Republican  party.  was  but  a    tew  years   until   his  fame  as  a 

In  1862  he  was  nominated  and  elected  a  lawyer  was  even  greater  than   that   as   a 

member  of  the  State  Senate.  statesman. 

Like   every  other   attorney  he    held  a  When  President  Garfield  was  inaugur- 

notary  public's  commission  and  the  Demo-  ated  he  urged  Mr.  Baker  to  accept  the  post 

cratic  majority  in  the  Senate,  by  a  very  of  Second  Assistant   Postmaster- General, 

careful  straining  of  the  point,  declared  that  an  office  for  winch  he  was  peculiarly  fitted 

a  notary  public  holds  a  lucrative  office,  and  by  his  experience  while  in  Congress,  hav- 

under  the  constitution  expelled  him  from  ing  been  active  in  the  work  of  investigai 

the  Senate  on  this  account.      He  practiced  ing  the  Star  Route  contracts.      He  clung. 

law   with  such   ability  and  success  that  he  however,    to   his   determination    to   devote 

soon   became    known   as  one  of  the  most  his  energies  to   the   law.  and   upon    every 

prominent  lawyers  of  Northern  Indiana.  In  occasion   when   political   honors  were  ten- 

IsTl'  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Congres-  dered  him — and  they  were  many — he  gave 

sional    nomination    in  the  thirteenth  dis-  the  same  reply  thai  he  would  never  again 

trict,  and  after  a  long  contest  in  the  con-  consider  an  office  that  was  not  strictly  in 

vention  was  defeated  by  a  combination  of  the  line  of  his  profession.      When  Judge 

the    other  three    candidates.      Two    years  Wood  was  promoted  to  the  United  States 

later  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  and  Circuit  Bench,  in  1892,   General  Harrison 

elected  after  the  hardest  kind  of  a  fight,  looked   the   whole  State  of   Indiana  over. 

saving  the  district  by  a  very  narrow  mar-  and.  with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  all  the 

gin  from  the  Democratic   tidal  wave  that  leading  lawyers  of  the  State,  tendered  the 

swept  the  State  in  1874.     In  L 87 6  he  was  position   to  Judge  Baker  without  solicita- 

renominated  by   acclamation    and    elected  tion,  either  on  his  own  part  or  that  of  his 

by  a  majority  of  over  2,000,  and  again  in  friends.       The    office    was    accepted    and 

1S7S  he  was   renominated   by  acclamation  Judge  Baker  took   charge  of  his  new  du- 

and   elected  by  a  still    greater    majority,  ties  March  29,   L892. 

His  record    in    Congress  was    one    of    the  No  man   on    the   bench    in    Indiana  has 

best  that  has  ever  been  made  by  an  Indi-  ever  been  more  thoroughly  respected  than 

ana  member,  and  when  he  retired  he  was  he.      He   has    those   old   scl 1    notions   of 

the    ranking  Republican   member  on  the  judicial  integrity  and  ethics  that  inspired 

appropriations  committee  and  was  prom i  the   highest    respect    for  his  opinions  and 

nent  in  the  work  of  several  other  commit-  rulings.      Judge  Baker  has  been  active  and 

tees.      His  rugged  notions  of  integrity  and  prominent    in    the  work   of  the    Methodist 

right,    and    his   positive   personality   and  Church  and  has  served  as  delegate  to  the 

strength     made     its    impress,     not     only  General     Conference.      He     was    married 

upon  his  colleagues  in  Congress,  but  upon  young  in  life  to  Harriet  E.  DeFrees,  datigh- 

the   legislation    of    the   period.     He   had  ter  of  J.    D    DeFrees,    of    Elkhart,    and 

earned  the  universal  esteem  of  the  \ pie  they  have  one  son.  Judge  Prances  p.   Ba 

of  Indiana  and  might   have  remained  in  ker.    now  on    the   Supreme   bench   of  the 

Congress  as  long  as  be  cared  to.  but  at  the  State. 


178 


HISTOHV    <>K    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


C.     P.    SMITH. 

Charles  Fim.ky  Smith,  one  of  the 
most  prominent  manufacturers  of  Indiana, 
is.  like  many  other  successful  American 
husiness  men,  risen  from  the  position  of  a 
plain  fanner  boy  to  a  point  in  life  where 
he  directs  large  affairs  and  controls  the 
destinies  of  hundreds  of  men.  Mr.  Smith 
was  born  October  25,  1852.  on  a  farm  in 
Garrard  county.  Kentucky.  His  father 
was  Harold  Finley  Smith  and  his  mother 
Catherine  Brown  Smith.  Both  sides  of 
the  house  came  of  sturdy  English  stock, 
and  Mr.  Smith  numbers  among  his  near 
ancestors  Governor  Henry  Smith,  of  Texas, 
lie  was  educated  at  Danville.  Kentucky, 
and  lived  on  his  father's  farm,  doing  the 
hard  work  that  falls  to  the  lot  of  a  farmer's 
son  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age. 
Then  he  removed  to  ( iovington,  Kentucky, 
and  started  a  retail  store  for  the  sale  of 
furnishing  goods.  In  1875  he  removed  to 
Columbus,  Indiana,  where  he  conducted 
the  same  kind  of  husiness.  Three  years 
later  he  was  married  at  Columbus  to  Mrs. 
Lessie  Erwin  Ford.  In  1884  he  removed 
to  Indianapolis,  engaging  in  the  retail  of 
bicycles.  Mr.  Smith  was  far-seeing  enough 
to  understand  the  great  possibilities  in  the 
bicycles,  and  when  the  old  high  wheel  gave 
up  to  the  safety  he  understood  that  the  wheel 
was  soon  to  he  a  convenience  for  thousands 
ami  thousands  of  people,  and  that  its  use 
would  lie  much  more  common  than  that  of 
the  horse  and  buggy  had  ever  been.  With 
this  notion  he  determined  to  engage  in  the 
manufacture  of  wheels  and  started  out 
bravely  in  1888.  He  had  a  few  thousand 
dollars,  but  this  he  willingly  risked.  He 
knew  no  capitalists  who  had  faith  in  the 
enterprise,  but  persuaded  two  or  three  per- 
sonal friends  to  invest  a  small  amount  with 
him.  He  accumulated  for  them  large 
fortunes.  The  factory  was  started,  and 
the  work  done  was  so  thorough  and  the 
sales  were  pushed  with  such  ability  and 
energy  that  by  the  time  the  great  boom  in 
the  bicycle   business  came,    in    1895,  the 


Indiana  Bicycle  Company  was  already  one 
of  the  four  or  five  prominent  concerns  of 
the  kind  in  the  country.  Be  was  equipped 
to  take  advantage  of  the  great  rush  of 
business  that  came  in  1895  and  1896.  In 
1895  Mr.  Smith  organized  the  Albany 
Manufacturing  Company,  with  a  plant  at 
Albany,  which  is  now  the  largest  producer 
of  bicycle  tubing  in  the  country  ;  and  fur- 
ther in  the  same  line  he  took  a  controlling 
interest  in  and  became  president  of  the 
Auburn  Bolt  and  Nut  Works,  at  Auburn. 
Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Smith  has  been  all  his  life  a  Repub- 
lican from  principle.  He  has  never  sought 
a  nomination  for  office,  though  one  year 
he  made  an  independent  campaign  for 
Mayor  of  Indianapolis.  This  he  did  for 
the  purpose  of  exposing  a  clique  of  bankers 
and  corporations  that  were  in  control  of 
municipal  affairs,  and  he  made  an  excellent 
fight  for  principle  without  hope  of  election 
or  other  reward.  In  his  political  ideas  he 
is  as  strong,  as  positive  and  as  energetic 
as  he  is  in  his  business  affairs,  and  is  pos- 
sessed of  that  quality  of  moral  courage 
that  shrinks  from  no  danger  or  criticism 
in  making  a  conscientious  tight  for  the 
right. 

FRANCIS  E.   LAMBERT. 

Fraxcis  E.  Lambert,  of  South  Bend. 
is  one  of  the  most  substantial  Republicans 
of  Northern  Indiana,  and  an  attorney  of 
rare  ability.  He  has  climbed  the  ladder 
slowly  from  a  farmer's  boy  to  one  of  the 
most  prominent  citizens  of  his  district. 

Francis  Eddy  Lambert  was  born  on  a 
farm  near  his  present  residence,  South 
Bend.  June  4,  I860.  His  father,  Oliver 
0.  Lambert,  who  was  both  cooper  and 
farmer  in  occupation,  was  a  native  of 
Virginia,  and  his  mother.  Ellen  Lambert, 
a  native  of  Indiana.  His  early  ancestors 
came  from  England  and  Germany. 

After  the  death  of  Oliver  C.  Lambert, 
he  was  forced,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years. 
toearn  his  own  living.      Nothing  daunted. 


ISO 


HlSToKY    (IK    THK    liKl'UBLK'AX     PARTY 


he  worked  on  the  farm  during  the  summer 
months  and  attended  school  ;is  much  as 
possible  in  the  winter  time.  For  two  years 
alter  1>74  he  worked  on  the  farm  at  a 
salary  of  *4o  per  year,  with  the  privilege 
of  attending  district  school  for  four  months 
each  year.  When  seventeen  years  of 
age  he  commenced  teaching  in  the  country 
schools,  and  during  the  vacation  attended 
tlie  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School,  at 
Valparaiso.  For  nine  years  thereafter, 
until  Ism;,  he  continued  to  teach  in  the 
public  schools,  where  his  efficient  services 
as  an  instructor  were  ever  in  demand. 
In  L886  he  became  principal  of  the  Busi- 
ness Department  of  the  South  Bend  Com- 
mercial College,  continuing'  in  charge  of 
the  college  until  L892,  whenhe  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  South  Bend.  He 
has  now  an  excellent  and  remunerative 
practice. 

Mr.  Lambert  has  ever  been  a  consistent 
Republican  and  a  zealous  party  worker. 
He  served  on  the  Republican  county  com 
mittees  of  St.  Joseph  county  in  1888  and 
1892  with  great  credit.  In  189+Mr.  Lam- 
bert was  unanimously  nominated  by  the 
Republican  party  of  St.  Joseph  county  tor 
member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Indi- 
ana legislature,  and  was  triumphantly 
elected.  So  clearly  did  he  demonstrate 
his  sterling  worth  in  the  General  Assembly 
and  so  satisfactory  was  his  course  to  all 
his  constituents  that  he  was  again  nomi- 
nated in  1896  and  elected,  running  far 
ahead  of  his  ticket.  While  in  the  legisla- 
ture Mr.  Lambert  was  an  aggressive 
champion  of  the  rights  of  the  common 
people,  and  a  staunch  defender  of  labor. 
He  served  on  a  number  of  important  com- 
mittees and  was  one  of  the  leading  con- 
servative members  of  the  House. 

Mr.  Lambert  is  a  member  of  the  re- 
publican Sound  .Money  Club  of  South 
Bend,  and  of  the  orders,  South  Bend  Lodge 
No.  29,  1.  0.  0.  F..  South  Bend  Encamp- 
ment,   No.  9,  1.  0.  0.   F..  and  South  Bend 


Council.  No.  :'>47.  Royal  Arcanum.  He  is 
Grand  Chaplain  of  the  Grand  Council 
Royal  Arcanum  of  Indiana. 

Mr.  Lambert  was  married  August  19, 
1891,  at  South  Bend,  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Mooniaw.  of  one  of  the  prominent  families 
of  Northern  Indiana.  They  have  one 
daughter.  Mildred  E.  Lambert. 


DANIEL  PRATT   BALDWIN. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  native 
of  Madison  county.  New  York,  where  he 
was  horn  March  27,  ls.",7.  His  parents, 
Hiram  and  Harriet  (Pratt)  Baldwin,  were 
descendants  of  early  settlers  of  New  Eng- 
land. Like  so  many  men  of  mark  his 
early  years  were  passed  in  farm  life.  His 
education  was  obtained  in  the  public 
schools,  in  Cazenovia  Academy,  and  in 
Madison  University,  where  he  graduated 
in  1856,  and  at  the  Columbia  Law  School, 
where  in  I860  he  graduated,  the  first  honor 
man  of  the  first  class  of  lawyers  sent  out 
by  that  distinguished  educator.  Professor 
T.  W.   Dwight. 

Mr.  Baldwin  was  a  close  and  diligenl 
student  and  went  to  the  bottom  of  every 
subjecl  he  examined.  A  glossary  of  the 
terms  and  phrases  used  in  Blackstone's 
( 'oninieiitaries.  now  among  his  manuscripts 
and  prepared  by  him  when  a  student,  shows 
his  thorough  and  exact  methods  of  study. 
He  relates  that  he  was  so  close  a  student 
that  though  within  a  few  squares  of 
Cooper's  Institute,  on  the, evening  when 
Abraham  Lincoln  delivered  his  famous 
speech  in  that  place,  he  chose  rather  to  stay 
with  his  hooks  than  to  hear  what  was 
afterwards  known  as  one  of  the  greatest 
forensic  efforts  of  modern  times. 

In  the  summer  of  I860  Mr.  Baldwin. 
fresh  from  his  law  course  at  Columbia  and 
in  the  vigor  of  his  young  manhood,  became 
a  resident  of  Logansport,  Indiana,  where 
he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  became  a 
partner  with  his  uncle.   Daniel   l>.   Pratt, 


OF   THE   STATE  <IF    INDIANA.  1st 

and  for  ten  years  afterwards  the  firm  of  nomination  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Pratt  &  Baldwin  maintained  a  widely  ex-  Court,  but  after  a  spirited  face  was  de- 
tended  law  practice  throughout  the  State  feated.  Thereupon  he  addressed  the  con 
of  Indiana.  In  this  work  Mr.  Baldwin  vention,  pledging  his  support  to  his  si 
did  his  full  share,  and  became  recognized  ful  rival  and  pledging  himself  to  work  tol- 
as oneof  the  leading' advocates  and  closest  the  general  welfare  of  the  party  in  the 
lawyers  in  the  State.  campaign,  or,  as  he  expresses  it,  "to  uncork 

In  1870  Mr.  Baldwin  was  appointed  to  himself  for  Garfield  and  Glory."     By  this 

till  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  the  Court  of  speech  he  so  electrified  the  convention  that 

Common   Pleas,  and  the  succeeding  year  it  at  once  nominated  him  by  acclamation 

was  elected  to  the  same  office  by  the  people,  as   candidate    for    Attorney-General,     to 

and  by  the  rule  popularly  prevailing,  ••once  which  office,  with  the  rest  of  the  ticket,  he 

a   judge    always    a    judge,"    lie  has  been  was  elected   ami    in  which  he  served  with 

Judge  Baldwin  to  his  neighbors  ever  since,  distinction. 

Always  a  student  himself,  Mr  Baldwin  As  the  companion  of  Gov.  Porter,  in 
kept  in  close  touch  with  the  literature  of  this  gallant  race  in  L88U  and  the  excellent 
his  day.  and  became  known  among  men  administration  which  followed.  Judge 
of  letters  as  a  man  of  mark.  In  LST2  Baldwin  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  the  Ids- 
Madison  University  gave  him  the  degree  tory  of  the  Republican  party  in  Indiana 
of  LL.  D.,  and  later  Wabash  College  did  and  he  has  much  hard  work  to  his  credit 
the  same.  on  the  pages  of  that  history. 

Judge     Baldwin    has    been    a     prolific  Soon  alter  coming  to  Indiana,  in   1863, 

writer  of  excellent  English,  hut  has  writ-  he  married    Miss   India   Smith,  a  gracious 

ten    mostly   in   the   form   of    lectures    and  and    gentle   lady,    who   presided    over    his 

newspaper  editorials  in  the  spare  moments  home  and  made  it   an   attracted  resort  for 

of  his  hurried   business  life  or  in   the  in-  old  and  young   until    May  1st.    ls'.'s.  when 

tervals  of  his  travels      He  was  for  many  she   was  summoned   to   the   home   above, 

years  proprietor  of  the  Logansport  Jour-  where   their   two    children    had    preceded 

ikiI.    the  leading  daily   newspaper  of   Lo-  her. 

gansport,  and  as  a  contributor  to  it  and  to  The  Tuesday  Night  Club  of  Logans 
the  Indianapolis  Journal,  he  has  written  port,  a  literary  organization  of  twelve 
many  columns  in  the  last  thirty-five  years  years' standing,  has  annually  named  Judge 
which  have  always  attracted  attention  and  Baldwin  as  its  president  and  he  and  his 
thoughtful  perusal.  His  lecture,  "A  Law-  esteemed  wife  were  among  its  best  fea- 
yer's  Readings  in  the  Evidence  of  Chris-  tures.  Among  the  young  men  of  Logans- 
tianity"  (1S75),  was  widely  read,  and  port,  the  •"  Baldwin  Club. "  organized  for 
showed  marks  of  much  research  and  study  literary  and  scientific  research,  has  placed 
in  lineof  thought  somewhat  apart  from  his  his  name  at  its  masthead  and  holds  its 
profession.  The  Judge  is  the  owner  of  a  meetings  in  his  library.  For  many  years 
large  and  very  valuable  library  of  well  the  Baldwin  prize  for  oratory,  given  by- 
selected  hooks,  where  much  of  Ids  time  is  him,  has  been  the  coveted  honor  al  Wabash 
spent.  College   and   at    the    same  college    he  has 

In  every  campaign,  from  1860  to  1892,  been  lor  many  years  a   valued  member  of 

he  made  Republican  speeches  throughout  the  hoard  of  trustees. 

Indiana  and  other  States  and   always  at-  Judge    Baldwin's  industry   and    ability 

traded   attention.      In    18S0   Judge    Bald-  have    brought    him    an    abundanl    compe- 

win  was  a  candidate  before  the  Republican  tence  and  have  made  him   able  to  retire 

State    convention     of      Indiana      for     the  from    the    more    arduous    practice    of    his 


182 


HISTORY    <>K   THE   REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


profession  and  to  spend  much  time  in  study 
and  travel  and  to  encourage  others  in  their 
efforts  for  the  advancement  of  literature 
and  higher  education.  In  businesshe  has 
extensive  interests  in  lands  and  tenements 
and  in  banking-,  in  which  latter  business 
he  is  represented  in  a  number  of  the'  cities 
and  towns  of  Indiana. 

Judge  Baldwin  is  a  writer  in  the  broad 
field  of  literature  of  recognized  ability  and 
force  of  character  and  we  hope  that  he  has 
many  years  of  usefulness  before  him 


NEWTo.X   W.  GILBERT. 

During  the  past  four  or  five  years  no 
man  has  come  to  the  front  in  Indiana  pol- 
itics with  more  rapid  strides  than  Senator 
Newton  \V.  Gilbert.  Five  years  ago  he 
was  practically  unknown  outside  of  bis 
own  county,  and  now  be  is  one  of  the 
most  generally  talked-of  possibilities  as  a 
successor  to  the  Governorship.  This  suc- 
cess of  Senator  Gilbert  may  be  studied 
by  the  average  young  man  with  immense 


profit.  It  has  been  won  by  no  trick  of 
tongue  or  stratagem  of  politics,  but  by  a 
demonstration  of  the  fact  that  honor  and 
truth  and  principles  are  the  guiding  motives 
of  his  life,  that  be  has  the  ability  to  do 
things  and   the  courage  to  do  them  right. 

Newton  Whiting  Gilbert  was  born  May 
2i,  1862,  in  the  little,  sleepy  old  village 
of  Worthington,  north  of  Columbus.  ( >hio. 
Worthington  was  a  village  while  Colum- 
bus was  still  a  wilderness,  and  Worthing- 
ton is  to-day  very  much  the  same  village 
that  it  was  then.  There  lived  Theodore 
!>'.  Gilbert,  a  country  merchant,  whose 
family  had  been  pioneer  settlers  of  Ohio, 
coming  originally  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
having  in  their  veins  a  strain  of  English. 
Irish  and  German  blood.  There  he  mar- 
ried Ellen  L.  Johnson,  a  granddaughter 
of  that  Joseph  E.  Johnson,  who  served 
two  terms  as  Governor  of  Virginia.  The 
boy  was  sent  to  the  common  schools  and 
then  to  the  Ohio  State  University  at  Col- 
umbus, where  be  maintained  an  excellent 
record.  During  bis  early  school  days  he 
resided  on  the  farm  owned  by  his  father 
and  knew  what  hard  work  was.  Before 
attending  college  he  learned  the  printer's 
trade,  worked  as  a  book  agent  and  taught 
school  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  in 
order  to  obtain  the  means  to  pursue  bis 
studies.  He  used  all  the  spare  time  he 
could  for  study  of  law.  and  kept  steadily 
before  bis  mind  the  one  ambition  of  bis 
life,  to  be  a  great  lawyer.  In  1886  \w 
was  appointed  County  Surveyor  of  Steu- 
ben county,  Ind..  where  he  had  settled  as 
a  school  teacher.  Two  years  later  he  was 
married  to  Delia  R.  Gale,  daughter  of 
Hon.  Jesse  M.  Gale,  a  pioneer  lawyer  of 
Northern  Indiana.  He  was  twice  elected 
County  Surveyor  by  large  majorities,  and 
in  1890  began  the  practice  of  law. 

In  his  profession  be  has  worked  hard 
and  met  with  considerable  success.  In 
1^:»4  he  was  nominated  for  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  thirty-fifth  Judicial  Cir- 
cuit, and  in  this  heavily  Democratic  cir- 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Is:; 


cuit  he  was  defeated,  though  he  ran  sev- 
eral hundred  votes  ahead  of  his  ticket. 
In  1S96  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
State  Senator  for  the  Steuben-LaGrange 
district,  and  it  was  his  work  in  the  Senate 
that  made  him  a  State  reputation. 

Quiet,  conservative,  intelligent  and 
courageous  he  soon  earned  the  thorough 
respect  of  his  colleagues  and  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  people  of  the  State.  His 
speeches  were  generally  brief  and  matter- 
of-fact,  hut  very  much  to  the  point. 

The  military  instinct  has  always  been 
strong  in  Mr.  Gilbert  and  some  years  ago 
lie  was  elected  captain  of  Company  H,  a 
local  militia  company  at  Angola.  When 
the  war  with  Spain  broke  out  his  regi- 
ment was  the  first  to  be  mustered  into 
service,  and  he  went  to  the  front  as  cap- 
tain of  Company  H  in  the  157th  Indiana 
Volunteer  Infantry.  While  the  regiment 
saw  no  actual  fighting.  Captain  Gilbert 
earned  the  highest  commendation  as  an 
intelligent  and  efficient  commanding  offi- 
cer. Returning  to  his  home,  in  Angola, 
at  the  close  of  the  war,  lie  resumed  the 
practice  of  law,  and  again  attended  the 
State  Senate  where  he  won  further  laurels. 


I).  W.  HENRY. 

The  days  of  the  rise  from  homespun 
to  broadcloth,  from  obscurity  to  great- 
ness are  by  no  means  past,  as  is  evidenced 
by  a  considerable  number  of  the  biographi- 
cal sketches  of  young  party  leaders  in  this 
volume.  Among  the  most  active  and 
widely  influential  of  these  younger  leaders 
of  the  party  of  Indiana  is  Judge  David 
W.  Henry,  of  Terre  Haute,  and  certainly 
few  men  have  had  humbler  beginnings  or 
more  discouraging  struggles  at  the  thresh- 
old of  life  than  Mr.  Henry. 

David  William  Henry  was  born  at 
Achor,  Columbiana  county.  Ohio.  His 
father,  Jacob  Henry,  was  a  man  in  mod- 
erate circumstances.      His  mother,  Alvira 


Rowles  Henry,  was  a  daughter  of  William 
Howies,  a  soldier  of  the  War  of  LS12. 
The  young  people  migrated  from  Ohio  to 
Greene  county.  Indiana.  but  they  had  no 
sooner  located  than  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion broke  out  and  .Jacob  Henry  en- 
listed as  a  soldier  in  the  S5th  Indiana  Vol- 
unteers. The  hoy  attended  the  common 
schools  for  a  few  weeks  in  winter  and 
worked  on  the  farm  the  rest  of  the  time. 
but  he  was  an  omniverous  reader,  reading 
every  book  he  could  borrow  from  friends 
and  neighbors.  He  succeeded  in  saving 
a  little  money  and  attended  a  seminarj  at 
Farniersburg.  Ind..  where,  by  living  alone 
in  a  room  and  doing  his  own  cooking,  he 
was  able  to  maintain  himself  at  a  total 
expense  of  less  than  $2.00  a  week.  The 
only  clothing  he  had  was  that  made  by 
his  mother.  After  a  course  at  this  sem- 
inary be  was  able  to  teach  a  district 
school,  and  succeeded  in  taking  a  scieii 
title  course  at    Mt.    Union  College,  Ohio. 


184 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


He  then  entered  the  law  office  of  M.  Gr. 
Buff,  of  Terre  Haute,  where  he  remained 
about  a  year,  but  was  obliged,  partly  on 
account  of  ill  health  and  partly  for  lack 
of  financial  resources,  t<>  again  take  up 
the  teaching  of  school.  After  three  years 
as  principal  of  the  Farmersburg  Academy 
and  the  school  at  Bloointield.  Ind..  he 
entered  the  Central  Law  School  at  Indian- 
apolis, and  graduated  in  L881.  He  imnie 
diately  entered  the  law  office  of  Davis  & 
Davis,  at  Terre  Haute,  and  the  problem 
of  living  was  solved.  A  fair  measure  of 
success  attended  his  efforts  from  the  start. 
In  l^st  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney and  re-elected  in  1886,  heading  the 
ticket.  He  was  popular  socially,  as  well 
as  in  politics,  and  in  1885  was  married  to 
Miss  Virginia  Thompson,  daughter  of  R. 
W.  Thompson.  Ex-Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
In  1888  he  retired  from  office  and  gave 
his  entire  attention  to  the  practice  of  law. 
and  soon  had  one  of  the  greatest  practices 
in  Terre  Haute,  including  the  legal  work 
of  the  Big  Four  system.  He  continued 
to  he  very  active  in  politics  and  served  as 
chairman  of  the  county  committee  for 
two  terms,  displaying  remarkably  fine 
executive  ability  in  conducting  his  cam 
paigns.  In  189-1  he  was  nominated  for 
Circuit  Judge  and  triumphantly  elected, 
lie  tried  over  12,000  cases  while  on  the 
bench,  and  his  decisions  were  so  sound 
that  very  few  of  them  were  appealed  and 
only  one  was  ever  modified  by  a  court  of 
higher  resort.  Cases  were  tried  strictly 
on  their  merits,  and  no  judge  on  the  bench 
in  Vigo  county  ever  established  a  firmer 
reputation  for  judicial  fairness  and  integ- 
rity. November  1.  ls'.'T.  he  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  sev- 
enth district,  and  the  vast  business  of  this 
office  has  been  administered  under  his  care 
with  the  strictest  integrity  and  the  greatest 
efficiency. 


QUINCY  ALDEN  MYERS. 

<  hie  of  the  strongest  Republicans  of 
Indiana,  a  generous  and  untiring  party 
worker,  is  Quincy  Alden  Myers,  of  Logans 
port.  He  is  especially  well  known  in  Cass 
and  adjoining  counties,  where,  for  the  last 
twenty  years,  he  lias  stood  at  the  head  of 
the  local  Republican  leaders.  Although 
never  an  office  seeker,  he  takes  an  active 
part  in  every  political  canvass,  contribut- 
ing liberally  to  the  work  of  the  campaigns 
by  excellent  speeches,  as  well  as  efforts  in 
other  lines  of  political  work,  without  hope 
or  desire  of  political  reward. 

Mr.  Myers  was  horn  on  a  farm  in  Cass 
county,  September  1,  1853,  and  comes  of 
a  family  whose  ancestors  were  driven  from 
Holland  in  the  early  days  of  American 
colonial  history  on  account  of  their  relig- 
ious beliefs.  They  were  Huguenots  and 
came  to  America,  settling  in  Marylandand 
Virginia  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Several  of  these  old 
pioneers  distinguished  themselves  in  the 
early  conflicts  and  later  three  of  them, 
brothers,  were  under  the  direct  command 
of  General  Washington  throughout  the 
entire  Revolutionary  War.  The  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  John 
Myers,  was  a  Virginian  by  birth,  and  was 
one  ot  the  early  pioneers  of  Cass  county. 
Isaac  X.  Myers,  father  of  Quincy  A. 
Myers,  is  still  a  respected  and  influential 
citizen  of  Cass  county,  who.  with  his 
father,  carved  out  of  the  vast  forests  a 
large  and  valuable  farm. 

On  his  mother's  side,  Mr.  Myers  also 
conies  of  good  stock.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Rosanna  Justice,  whose  family 
was.  and  is  still,  prominent.  ( >f  his  mother 
Mr.  Myers  speaks  very  tenderly  and  with 
a  sincerity  which  pays  a  worthy  tribute 
to  an  unselfish  and  beloved  woman,  who. 
forgetting  herself,  devoted  her  life  to  the 
task  of  rearing  a    family   and   performing 


• 


OF   THE   STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


L85 


the  household  duties  of  a  large  pioneer 
farm,  in  a  manner  which  endeared  her  to 
all  her  acquaintances. 

Young  Myers  spent  his  early  life  on  the 
farm,  going  to  school  as  much  as  possible 
the  year  round.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  entered  the  Logansport  Presbyterial 
Academy,  one  of  his  teachers  being  Prof. 
John  M.  Coulter,  since  become  widely 
known.  In  L8?0  he  prepared  to  enter 
Princeton,  but  when  the  time  for  depar- 
ture came,  his  mother  became  so  affected 
at  the  prospect  of  having  him  go  so  far 
from  home,  thai  he  changed  his  plans  and 
entered  the  Northwestern  Christian  I'ni- 
versify  at  Indianapolis,  now  Butler  Col- 
lege. In  1872  he  went  to  Michigan  Uni- 
versity, passed  his  examinations  to  enter 
the  sophomore  class,  but  was  soon  taken 
seriously  ill  and  for  a  year  lie  remained  at 
home  sick,  keeping  up  with  his  college 
work  with  the  assistance  of  a  tutor.  In 
the  fall  of  lsT.'S,  being  still  ill.  he  deter- 
mined upon  a  change  of  climate  and  en- 
tered Dartmouth  College,  from  which  in- 
stitution he  graduated  high  in  his  class  in 
1  s 7 ."- .  Mr.  Myers  distinguished  himself 
as  a  practical  student.  He  was  the  editor 
of  the  college  paper,  the  Dartmouth,  for 
two  years  and  was  a  member  of  one  of 
Dartmouth's  best  'Varsity  crews. 

After  leaving  Dartmouth,  he  returned 
to  Logansport,  in  1875,  and  at  once  began 
the  study  of  law  with  1  >.  C.  Justice,  then 
City  Attorney.  Mr.  Myers  was  made  his 
deputy  and  served  with  credit  for  fourteen 
months,  after  which  he  entered  the  Union 
Law  School  at  Albany,  New  York.  lie 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1*77 
as  class  valedictorian,  at  the  head  of 
a  class  of  eighty-nine,  with  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  law.  Returning  at  once  to 
Logansport,  he  entered  into  a  partnership 
with  Judge  Maurice  Wmfield,  with  whom 
he  continued  in   the  practice  of  law  until 


1882,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
Hon.  John  C.  Nelson,  upon  i  he  retirement 
of  Judge  Nelson  from  the  bench  of  the 
Superior  Court,  and  this  partnership  still 
continues.  From  the  beginning  he  lias 
been  prominently  connected  with  the  ('ass 
county  bar.  Although  be  has  always  had 
a  large  practice  and  has  ever  been  engaged 
in  all  sorts  of  heated  litigation,  Mr.  Myers 
lias  a  knack  of  treating  his  opponents  and 
the  adverse  witnesses  so  fairly  that  in  the 
end  he  wins  them  for  friends  and  usually 
for  clients.  His  tireless  industry  has 
brought  him  prosperity.  He  has  not  a 
single  bad  habit  nor  a  living  enemy. 

Mr.  Myers  was  married  in  1886  to  Miss 
Jessie  D.  Cornelius,  daughter  of  Edward 
C.  Cornelius,  of  Indianapolis.  He  has  two 
children,  Melissa  .J.,  aged  eleven,  and  Marie 
R.,  aged  eight.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Columbia  Club  of  Indianapolis  and  also  a 
member  of  the  B.  P.O.  of  Elks.  In  re- 
ligion he  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  ( Ihurch. 

()nl\  twice  was  Mr.  Myers  ever  a  can 
didate  for  any  official  position  of  note. 
He  served  one  term  as  City  Attorney,  one 
term  as  County  Attorney  and  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  city  schools.  Quincy  A. 
Myers  was  born  a  Republican  and  his 
family  on  both  sides  of  the  house  were 
steadfast  in  that  faith  from  the  date  of  the 
inception  of  Republican  principles.  No 
more  loyal  people  to  the  Hag  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  could  lie  found  and  a 
number  of  their  sons  died  in  the  service. 

As  a  speaker  he  is  a  great  success.  He 
wins  b*y  his  candor,  sincerity  and  force. 
In  the  prime  of  life,  with  a  beautiful 
home  and  an  excellent  reputation,  Mr. 
Myers  is  one  of  the  foundation  stones  of 
the  Republican  party  of  Indiana,  and  no 
better  man  than  he  could  be  found  lor  the 
bed  rock  of  permanent  party  supremacy  to 
rest  upon. 


186 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


WILLIAM  T.    WILSON. 

Although  only  forty-five  years  of  age, 
Mr.  Wilson  really  began  his  life  over 
eighty  years  ago,  when  his  father.  Thomas 
H.  Wilson,  came  into  this  world  upon  the 
shores  and  among  the  Quakers  of  East 
Maryland.  He  emigrated  to  Indiana  in 
the  early  thirties,  first  landing  in  Wayne 
county  and  thence  journeying  to  Logans- 
port,  where  for  over  forty  years  he  was 
a  leading  merchant  and  acquired  wealth, 
and.  what  is  of  far  more  value  than  wealth. 
a  good  name,  dying  about  twenty  years 
ago. 

William  T.  Wilson,  his  eldest  son.  was 
horn  in  Logansport,  January  4.  1  s r, 4 .  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Dexter.  She 
was  a  Herkimer  county.  New  York,  girl, 
and  became  acquainted  with  her  future 
husband  while  on  a  visit  to  Logansport  in 
the  family  of  the  late  Judge  Stuart.  Mr. 
Wilson  is  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College, 
class  of  1*74,  and  shows  many  traces  of 
the  handiwork  of  that  grand  old  Scotch- 
man. 1'resident  James  McC'osh.  He  was 
one  of  the  honor  men  of  his  class.  Im- 
mediately after  his  graduation  he  began 
the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  ex-Senator 
Pratt,  who  had  just  finished  his  term  at 
Washington.  Soon  afterwards  Mr.  Pratt 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue,  and  left  his  large  property  for 
the  next  two  years  almost  wholly  in  the 
bands  of  young  Wilson,  who  was  hardly 
twenty-two  yearsold.  So  great  confidence 
had  Mr.  Pratt  in  him  that  on  his  death,  in 
ls77.  he  appointed  him  his  sole  executor, 
a  position  that  he  still  holds. 

About  the  time  of  Senator  Pratt's 
death  Mr.  T.  H.  Wilson  died,  and  so  an- 
other large  estate  was  placed  in  the  hands 
of  his  son.  Mr.  Wilson's  friends  have 
always  regretted  that  he  was  not  horn  to 
poverty,  and  especially  that  when  so  young 
he  should  have  been  placed  in  charge  of 
two  Large  estates,  for  he  has  mental  traits 
that  fit  him  for  a  lawyer  of  the  very  high- 
est  rank.      He  has  a  subtle,    clear,   quick 


brain,  and  easily  grasps  the  details  of  com- 
plicated litigations.  He  has  the  advantage 
of  being  very  combative,  and  had  only  the 
necessity  of  daily  bread  forced  him  into 
court  he  would  have  made  a  very  distin- 
guished success. 

Mr.  Wilson  is  a  thorough-going  Repub- 
lican. He  has  not  a  drop  of  Democratic 
blood  in  his  veins,  nor  did  bis  father  before 
him.  He  is  an  excellent  public  speaker. 
So  great  have  been  his  services  to  bis 
party  that  he  has  several  times  been  called 
upon  to  preside  over  its  county  and  once 
over  its  district  Congressional  convention. 
Almost  invariably  at  any  assembly  of 
the  Republicans,  in  Logansport.  a  cry  of 
••Wilson.  Wilson"  is  heard  from  all  over 
the  house,  and  when  Wilson  appears  upon 
the  platform  business  begins  and  keeps  on 
with  great  unanimity  until  the  Democratic 
hide,  in  whole  or  in  part,  is  hung  up  on 
the  fence. 

(  »nly  once  in  his  life  has  Mr.  Wilson  held 
office.  For  two  years  he  was  a  Common 
Councilman  of  Logansport,  and  at  the  end 
of  his  term  the  city's  debt  had  been  re- 
duced $100,000. 

Mr.  Wilson  is  an  honest,  upright  man. 
He  is  one  of  the  pillars  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  and  carries  bis  religion 
into  his  business.  He  could  early  have 
been  in  Congress  but  for  his  modesty 
and  for  his  interesting  family,  to  which  he 
is  very  devoted.  He  is  one  of  the  men 
who  gives  his  party  honor  and  makes  it 
known  and  respected  both  at  home  and 
abroad.  

W.  R.  McKEEN. 

The  best  type  of  American  manhood  is 
not  that  which  seeks  fame  and  glory  by 
some  sudden  stroke  of  fortune  or  some 
unpremeditated  deed  of  daring,  but  that 
which  goes  ahead  with  unflagging  energy, 
with  unceasing  thought  and  with  tireless 
industry  to  the  gradual  accomplishment 
of  o-reat  things,  to  the  final  control  of 
great  affairs  in  the  ordinary  held  of  every- 


188  HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

day  life,  whore  the  average  man  fights  for  with  never  ;i  loss  of  ;i  penny  to  depositors 
bread,  and  cheese,  and  kisses.  The  career  and  a  constantly  extending  credit.  Their 
of  Eon.  W.  R.  McKeen,  of  Terre  Haute,  operations  were  conducted  with  great 
is  that  <>f  a  man  who  has  steadily  fought  judgment  and  skill,  and  theirwork  proved 
and  won  his  way  from  humble  beginnings  very  profitable.  In  1876  the  banking 
to  large  wealth,  to  the  direction  of  vast  house  of  McKeen  &  Co.  was  established 
enter] irises  ;  a  man  who  has  been  helpful  and  still  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being 
toothers;  a  man  who  has  shaped  the  des-  one  of  the  most  substantial  institutions 
tinies  of  hundreds  of  his  fellowmen  and  of  the  State.  In  the  early  days  banking 
has  done  it  with  a  kindly  spirit  and  a  hu-  and  railroad  building  were  kindred  busi- 
man  sympathy  that  have  meant  more  to  ness.  In  L867  Mr.  McKeen  became  presi- 
the  recipients  than  any  contribution  of  dent  of  the  Terre  Eaute  &  Indianapolis 
money  or  appointment  of  place  he  has  Railroad,  and  developed  it  from  a  little 
conferred.  short  line  to  a  greal  railroad  system.  ex- 
William  Riley  McKeen  was  born  in  tending  from  Indianapolis  to  St.  Louis 
Vigo  county,  Ind..  October  12,  1829,  the  and  from  Terre  Haute  to  Lake  Michigan, 
son  of  Benjamin  and  Leathy  Paddock  in  all  about  650  miles  of  thoroughly 
McKeen.  His  father  was  a  sturdy  farmer  equipped  railway.  He  continued  at  the 
of  Pennsylvania,  ancestry,  hut  had  mi-  head  of  the  system  until  he  sold  his  hold- 
grated  to  Kentucky  when  it  was  a  frontier  ings  to  the  Pennsylvania  Company  in 
State.  The  hoy  attended  such  district  1896  During  the  thirty  years  that  he 
schools  as  were  to  he  found  in  the  neigh-  controlled  it  he  never  had  a  strike  among 
borhood  for  a  few  months  during  the  win-  any  of  the  thousands  of  employes  of  the 
ter,  hut  spent  most  of  his  time  on  his  system.  When  grievances  were  presented 
father's  farm.  He  was  extremely  ambi-  to  him  he  listened  with  patience  and  acted 
tious  tor  an  education  and  saved  up  money  with  justice.  No  man  ever  worked  on  the 
to  go  through  Asbury  University,  hut  Vandalia  who  did  not  regard  the  "old 
after  one  term  his  health  broke  down  and  man"  as  one  of  the  best  men  living.  Mr. 
he  returned  to  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  McKeen  was  Largely  identified  in  the  con- 
seventeen  he  obtained  a  position  as  deputy  struction  of  the  Indianapolis  Belt  Rail- 
in  the  office  of  circuit  Court  Clerk  of  Vigo  road  and  Stock  Yards,  and  was  president 
comity.     His  next    position   was   that    of  of  the  company  until  1888  when  the  press 

confidential  clerk  and  1 kkeeper  of  the  of  other  duties  caused  his  resignation. 

branch  of  the  State  Rank  of  Indiana.  Mr.  McKeen  has  been  thrice  married 
located  at  Terre  Haute.  Here  he  came  and  has  been  blessed  with  eight  children 
under  the  eye  of  experienced  financiers,  Mr.  Frank  McKeen.  manager  of  the  hank 
and  Ins  work  was  of  such  a  character  as  of  McKeen  A.  Co.  :  Crawford,  teller  and 
to  attract  attention.  When  but  twenty-  cashier  of  the  same  hank:  Benjamin, 
three  years  old  he  was  made  cashier  of  superintendent  of  the  Terre  Haute  & 
the  hank.  It  was  a  great  step  for  a  hoy  Peoria  Railroad ;  William  R.,  engineer,  in 
of  his  age.  hut  he  was  not  satisfied  to  re-  the  services  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
main    in    the    position    of  an    employe  of  road;    Mrs.    Sarah   J.    Howling,    of    Terre 

others.      Before  many  years  he  fori I  the  Haute;  Mrs.  Valentine  Shuler,  of  Minne- 

banking  firm  of  McKeen  &  Tousey.     Later  apolis  :  Mrs.  Borace  Pugh,  of  Terre  Haute. 

Mr.  Demas  Deming  was  a   partner  in   the  and  Miss  Edith  McKeen. 
hank.      Still    later  the   firm    was    McKeen  Mr.    McKeen    has    used    his    wealth    as 

&    Minshall.      During   these    varied    part-  wisely    and    as  generously   as  he  used   his 

nerships  the  bank  progressed  prosperously  energy  and  ability  in  accumulating.      He 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


L89 


is  tlic  life  and  soul  to  numerous  charities 
in  Terre  Haute,  and  no  worthy  cause  has 
ever  appealed  to  him  in  vain. 

Mr.  McKeen  has  always  been  an  ardent 
Republican,  and  to  no  other  man  in  the 
State  does  the  Republican  organization  of 
Indiana  owe  more.  His  purse  has  always 
been  wide  open  to  it.  and  his  energies  have 
always  been  at  its  command  in  a  decisive 
campaign,  and  while  thus  giving  so  much 
to  the  party  he  has  never  sought  at  its 
hands  an  office  of  honor  or  emolument. 
In  1896  some  of  his  friends  put  forward 
his  name  as  a  possibility  for  the  Senator- 
ship,  but  Mr.  McKeen  paid  little  or  no  at- 
tention to  the  matter.  When,  in  1898,  the 
same  friends  were  able  to  demonstrate  to 
him  that  he  could  have  the  election  of 
Senator  for  the  asking,  he  positively  de- 
clined to  permit  the  use  of  his  name  in 
any  fashion.  He  preferred  to  round  out 
his  life  as  he  had  made  it.  as  a  developer 
of  civilization,  a  man  whose  energies  have 
been  devoted  to  making  '"two  blades  of 
grass  grow  where  hut  one  grew  before." 

A.    M.    HIGGLNS. 

Among  the  young  Republicans  of  the 
State  none  is  more  active  or  influential 
than  Advil]  M.  Higgins.  For  some  years 
he  has  been  the  moving  spirit  in  the  Indi 
ana  Republican  League  and  lias  con 
tributed  very  largely  toward  making  it 
the  great  and  forceful  organization  that 
it  is.  He  was  born  November  19,  I860, 
at  Superior  City,  Wis.  His  father.  Rev. 
William  Rayburn  Higgins.  was  a  Presby- 
terian clergyman  of  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
and  was  the  only  divine  in  the  wilderness 
at  the  head  of  Lake  Superior  for  several 
years.  His  mother,  Mary  Elizabeth  Con- 
don Higgins.  was  born  in  New  York  City 
on  land  that  is  now  included  in  Central 
Park,  which  was  then  leased  by  her  father. 
While  Alvin  was  still  a  child  the  family 
came  to  Marion.  Indiana,  and  the  boy  was 
educated   in   the  common   schools  of   that 


city.    Bowling  Given.     I id    at    ( fberlin 

College.      He  manag  onomy 

and  working  at  whal  do  to 

gel  through  with  his  law  studies  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Terre  Hail 
lsss.  During  the  first  yeai  oi  his  law 
practice  he  made  eight}' -five  dollars,  but 
patience  and  industry  have  brought  him 
success  and  he  now  earns  from  his  profes- 
sion a  very  comfortable  income.  He  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  best  of  the  younger 
lawyers  of  the  State  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  committee  on  examination  of 
lawyers  since  1891.  In  Ism;  he  was  ap- 
pointed trustee  of  the  Terre  Haute  Car- 
riage and  Buggy  Company,  a  position  he 
still  holds,  and  when  the  Citizens"  Tele- 
phone Company  was  organized  he  was 
selected  as  its  secretary. 

In  L897  he  was  appointed  by  Judge 
Baker  the  Tinted  States  Commissioner, 
and  this  is  the  only  office  of  a  political  na- 
ture he  has  ever  held,  though  he  has  been 
very  active  in  political  affairs.  He  was 
never  a  candidate  but  once.  In  the  con- 
vention of  IS9S  his  name  was  presented 
for  the  nomination  for  Clerk  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  and  such  strength  did  he 
carry  with  it  that  he  was  second  in  the 
bal lotting  among  a  field  of  strong  candi- 
dates. He  has  served  frequently  and  Well 
on  political  committees  and  has  been  a 
delegate  to  all  the  State  conventions  since 
lssv  His  greatest  activity  has  been  in 
the  State  Leagueof  Republican  (  Hubs.  He 
became  the  county  organizer  in  this  league 
in  l^'.cj  and  was  made  a  district  organizer 
in  IS94  and  1895.  In  L896,  and  again  in 
is:*:,  he  was  unanimously  elected  president 

of  the  league,    but    declined  a   re  election  ill 

1  S98.  Inthe  National  convention  of  Repub 
lican  clubs,  in  1^:17.  at  Detroit,  his  friends 
-prang  his  name  for  the  presidency  of  the 
National  League  and  after  a  canvass  of  a 
few  hours  brought  to  him  300  out  of  1,500 
votes  cast  for  this  office.  He  was  made  a 
member  of  the  National  judicial  commit 
tee  and  is  still  a  member  of  the   executive 


190 


HISTORY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


committee  of  the  State  League.  On  April 
12,  L899,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret 
Beatrice  Keating,  daughter  of  Edward  W. 
Keating,  of  Terre  Haute 

Mr.  Higgins  lias  ahout  him  a  personal 
affability  and  magnetism  and  a  kindly 
good  nature  that  makes  him  hosts  of 
friends  wherever  he  goes,  and  certainly 
there  is  no  man  in  Indiana  to  whom  the 
future  holds  out  a  brighter  promise. 


H<)X.   JESSE  OVERSTREET. 

Those  who  have  watched  the  career  of 
Hon.  .Jesse  Overstreet  are  predicting  for 
him  a  future  of  very  high  distinction — nay 
he  has  already  attained  a  niche  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  country  that  most  men  would 
be  proud  to  hold  at  the  end  of  their  careers. 
Mr.  Overstreet  was  born  December  14. 
is.".!),  at  Franklin,  Johnson  county.  Indi- 
ana, the  son  of  Gabriel  M.  and  Sarah  L. 
Overstreet.  His  ancestors  were  of  En- 
glish stock  and  migrated  from  Virginia  to 
Kentucky  in  1798.  In  1834  his  grand- 
father, Samuel  Overstreet.  moved  from 
Kentucky  to  Johnson  county.  Indiana, 
where  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land  near 
Franklin  and  with  the  aid  of  his  sons 
carved  out  for  himself  a  home  in  the  wil- 
derness. Gabriel  <  >verstreet  secured,  by 
his  own  exertions,  a  college  education  and 
entered  the  practice  of  law  and  in  Frank- 
lin the  firm  of  Overstreet  &  Hunter 
was  for  more  than  forty  years  one  of  the 
hest  known  law  firms  in  that  section  of 
the  State.  His  wife  was  Miss  Sarah  L. 
Morgan,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Lewis  Mor- 
gan, a  Baptist  minister  of  prominence, 
having  been  for  many  jrears  a  leader  in 
the  church.  Jesse  ( >verstreet  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools,  graduating 
from  the  Franklin  high  school  in  1*77. 
The  next  year  he  entered  Franklin  Col- 
lege, where  he  graduated  in  lss;j  with 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  The  college  has  since 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  A.  M. 
Upon  graduation  he  entered  the  office  of 


his  father,  where  he  took  a  thorough 
course  of  study  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  April,  1886.  In  1890  he  was  made 
chief  (Jerk  for  United  States  Marshall  W. 
U  Dunlap,  hut  at  the  death  of  Mr.  Hun- 
ter, in  August,  1891,  he  resigned  this  po- 
sition to  enter  in  the  partnership  with  his 
father,  where  he  continued  to  practice 
until  he  took  his  seat  in  Congress  in  1895. 
In  the  practice  of  law  he  was  unusually 
successful,  and  his  success  was  due  to  a 
(dear  and  logical  mind,  coupled  with  un- 
tiring industry  and  conscientious  labor  in 
the  preparation  of  cases.  He  early  took 
an  active  interest  in  political  matters,  and 
while  his  ideals  w<  re  high  he  believed  that 
it  was  proper  to  serve  a  political  appren- 
ticeship in  order  that  he  might  understand 
practical  politics  as  well  as  the  higher 
duties  of  statesmanship.  He  acted  as  sec- 
retary of  the  Johnson  county  committee, 
in  1886,  and  participated  actively  in  local, 
district  and  State  conventions.  In  1892 
lie  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  com- 
mittee from  the  fifth  district.  This  in- 
volved a  duty  as  chairman  of  the  fifth 
Congressional  district  committee,  and  while 
his  work  and  counsel  in  the  State  com- 
mittee were  always  valuable,  his  methods 
of  organization  in  the  fifth  district  were 
such  as  to  attract  very  general  attention. 
There  was  nothing  brilliant  ahout  his 
scheme,  hut  he  went  upon  the  theory  that 
"genius  is  simply  an  indefinite  capacity  for 
labor."  and  the  great  feature  of  his  organ- 
ization was  its  systematic  thoroughness. 
His  work  attracted  such  very  general  at- 
tention that  in  the  spring  of  1894  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress,  and  made  one  of 
the  most  thorough  campaigns  the  district 
had  ever  known,  resulting  in  his  election 
by  a  handsome  majority,  though  the  dis- 
trict was  strongly  Democratic.  The  next 
winter  the  State  legislature  took  his 
county  out  of  the  district  and  put  it  in  a 
separate  district  with  Marion  county,  and 
when  it  came  time  to  nominate  a  Con- 
gressman Mr.   Ovei'street  was  practically 


(ucresUy£kM7 


192 


HISTORY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


unknown  in  Marion  county,  where  nine- 
tenths  of  the  voters  of  his  new  district 
resided.  In  truth  at  the  time  the  Con- 
gressional convention  was  held  hut  few 
people  believed  that  the  district  could  be 
carried  by  the  Republicans,  and  hence 
there  was  little  opposition  to  his  nomina- 
tion. Before  the  campaign  was  over, 
however.  Marion  county  and  Indianapo- 
lis knew  him  thoroughly.  His  speeches 
had  been  popular,  eloquent,  and  above  all 
substantial.  He  was  re-elected  and  at  the 
end  of  his  second  term  had  a  very  sharp 
contest  for  his  renomination.  His  oppo- 
nent was  Joseph  B.  Kealing,  one  of  the 
most  popular  young  Republicans  of  In- 
dianapolis, and  his  friends  organized  a 
very  powerful  effort  to  nominate  him. 
Overstreet  had  by  this  time,  however, 
earned  recognition  as  one  of  the  best  men 
in  Congress,  and  the  business  men  of  In- 
dianapolis rallied  round  him  as  they  had 
never  done  before  with  any  candidate  and 
achieved  his  renomination  and  re-election. 
It  would  require  a  volume  to  properly 
detail  the  extent  and  value  of  his  work  as 
a  member  of  Congress.  The  Congress  of 
the  United  States  contains  many  of  the 
biggest  and  broadest  minds  of  the  country, 
but  young  as  Mr.  Overstreet  is,  both  in 
years  and  in  term  of  service,  he  is  very  gen- 
erally recognized  as  one  of  the  few  dozen 
leaders  who  very  largely  shape  the  legisla- 
tion of  the  country.  He  is  on  the  floor 
but  little  and  acquires  hut  very  few  antag- 
onisms, yet  he  puts  behind  every  measure 
in  which  he  is  interested  a  force  of  com- 
mon sense  and  personal  influence  that  has 
brought  him  a  large  measure  of  success  in 
everything  he  has  undertaken.  He  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  for  Indianapolis  a  new 
public  building,  something  her  representa- 
tives in  ('ongress  have  been  failing  in  for 
more  than  a  decade.  He  was  selected  in  ls9t> 
a  member  of  the  Congressional  campaign 
committee,  which  serves  as  a  National  com- 
mittee, looking  after  the  election  of  Re- 
publican   Congressmen.     So  efficient   was 


his  work  in  this  that  the  office  of  secretary 
was  forced  upon  him.  over  his  protest,  in 
1898  His  most  important  work  in  Con- 
gress has  been  in  the  interest  of  monetary 
legislation.  He  realized  during  the  cam- 
paign of  1896  the  necessity  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  gold  standard  in  law  and 
has  since  worked  untiringly,  intelligently 
and  successfully  to  that  end. 

Mr.  Overstreet  was  married  June  7. 
ls<cs,  to  Miss  Katharyne  Crump,  of  Co- 
lumbus, lnd..  and  they  reside  in  a  very 
pretty  and  comfortable  home  in  Indianap- 
olis. ' 

Mr.  Overstreet's  success  is  a  striking 
illustration  of  the  power  of  character  in 
American  politics.  Industry  and  native 
ability  and  the  power  of  understanding 
men  have  contributed  not  a  little  to  bis 
success,  but  above  everything  else  the 
strength  of  the  general  support  and  recog- 
nition given  him  arises  from  the  confidence 
that  all  men  have  in  his  courage  and  hon- 
esty of  purpose.  He  has  never  stooped  to 
demagogy  or  to  deception  of  any  kind  in 
his  political  campaigns  oi  in  his  Congres 
sional  work.  He  is  slow  to  make  up  his 
mind,  but  once  he  is  thoroughly  deter- 
mined which  is  the  right  side  of  the  ques- 
tion his  conviction  is  positive  and  un- 
changeable. While  his  ideals  are  high 
and  his  methods  are  clean,  he  has  never 
despised  the  practical  and  sets  a  high  value 
upon  organization,  whether  in  the  man- 
agement of  a  political  campaign  or  in  the 
accomplishment  of  a  great  purpose  in  Con- 
gress. 


ALBERT  R.   BEAKDSLEY. 
One  of  the  best  known   Republicans  of 

Northern  Indiana  is  Albert  R.  Beardsley. 
of  Elkhart.  Mr.  Beardsley  is  a  self-made 
man  He  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
Ohio,  November  7.  Is47.  His  father. 
Elijah  Hubbell  Beardsley.  was  a  wagon 
maker  by  trade.  His  ancestors  on  his 
father's  side  came  from  Wales  and  on 
Ins    mother's    side     from     Holland.       The 


OF   THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA 


193 


grandfather  and  the  great  grandfather 
were  soldiers  in  the  Revolution.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  Until 
1863  he  worked  on  a  farm. 

From  1864  to  1870  he  was  a  clerk 
in  a  dry  goods  store  and  between  the 
years  ls7o  and  1876  he  operated  a  dry 
goods  store  of  his  own.  From  L878  to 
1890  he  was  the  manager  of  the  Muzzy 
Starch  Company. 

Since  L890  he  has  been  manager  of 
the  Dr.  Miles  Medical  Company,  in  which 
company  he  is  a  stockholder  and  a  direc- 
tor. He  is  also  a  stockholder  and  director 
in  the  National  Starch  Company  of  New 
York. 

Mr.  Beardsley  was  married  in  IsTl'  to 
Elizabeth  F.  Baldwin. 

In  1872  Mr.  Beardsley  was  elected  City 
Clerk  of  Elkhart  and  served  his  term  with 
credit.  In  1876  he  was  elected  City  Treas- 
urer. From  1892  to  1896  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  City  Council.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  in  the  Sixty-First  (xeneral 
Assembly  of  Indiana  and  is  well  remem- 
bered as  one  of  the  most  conservative  and 
able  members  of  that  body  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  fight  for  the  county 
reform  bill,  which  was  successfully  passed. 
He  has  for  some  time  been  prominent  in 
the  municipal  affairs  of  the  city  of  Elk- 
hart and  is  a  prosperous  manufacturer. 
His  record  as  a  party  worker  is  an  ex- 
cellent one.  He  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  every  campaign  since  1S68.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Elkhart  county 
Republican  committee  in  L896  and  1897 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
State  conventions  of  1896  and  isi*v  In 
1897  he  was  appointed  a  Colonel  upon 
the  staff  of  Governor  Mount.  He  is  one 
of  Elkhart's  leading  and  progressive  citi- 
zens and  is  a  stalwart  Republican,  active 
and  unostentatious. 


CASSIUS  C.   SHIRLEY. 

Cassu's  C.  Shirley,  though  -rill  a  very 
young  man.  has  been  known  for  some 
years  now  as  one  of  the  strongest  and 
ablest  lawyers  of  Northern  Indiana.  While 
he  has  been  active  and  very  influential  in 
politics,  he  has  kept  his  eye  steadily  upon 
the  goal  of  high  success  as  a  la  wye]-.  lb- 
was  horn  November  :_'s.  b.in,  at  Russia- 
ville,  in  Howard  comity.  His  father  was 
Dr.  D.  J.  Shirley,  descendant  of  one  of 
the  early  families  of  Virginia,  who  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury and  thence  to  Indiana  in  L834.  His 
mother's  family  was  of  Massachusetts 
and  Pennsylvania  stock.  Dr.  Shirley 
sent  his  son  to  the  academy  at  New 
London  and  to  college  at  Greencastle, 
and  later  through  the  law  department 
of  the  University  of  Michigan.  His  effort 
to  obtain  an  education  was  varied,  with 
one  term  as  teacher  of  the  district  school 
when  he  was  seventeen  years  old.  In  IS^l 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Kokomo.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney of  Howard  county  and  served  two 
years.  In  ls*4  he  was  made  City  Attor- 
ney of  Kokomo,  a  position  to  which  he  has 
been  re-elected  ever  since.  Hi  L886  be 
was  married  to  Miss  Blanche  Khun,  of 
Kokomo,  and  they  have  one  daughter. 
Mr.  Shirley's  whole  time  and  his  splendid 
abilities  have  been  devoted  to  the  practice 
of  law.  and  he  has  built  up  a  reputation 
and  practice  that  extends  far  in  the  hol- 
ders of  the  State.       He  has  1 n   an  active 

Republican  since  his  earliest  years  and  his 
counsel  has  been  sought  by  the  State  or- 
ganization in  every  campaign  during  the 
last  decade.  He  served  as  member  of 
the  State  committee  from  LS90  to  L896 
and  in  its  councils  invariably  displayed 
a  conservatism  and  wisdom  that  earned 
for  him  the  admiration  and  respect  of  his 
associates. 


194 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


,  i^(^^u^^U<XJp^ 


The  life  of  State  Senator  William  W. 
Lambert  is  the  history  of  a  young  man 
who  by  innate  ability,  strict  integrity  and 
patient  industry  lias  won  his  way  from  the 
position  of  a  hardworking  farmer  hoy  to 
his  present  high  standing  as  a  lawyer  and 
a  prominent  Republican  member  of  the 
Indiana  Senate.  Leaving  the  farm  of  his 
father  while  yet  a  young  hoy.  with  fixed 
purposes  and  a  high  ambition,  he  worked 
his  way  through  college,  struggled  along 
as  a  young  lawyer  and  finally  achieved  the 
success  for  which  he  had  spent  years  of 
careful  and  patient  effort. 

William  Weldon  Lambert  was  horn 
November  1,  1857,  on  a  farm  near  Colum- 
bus, Indiana,  his  present  residence.  Both 
his  father,  Henry  W.  Lambert,  a  re- 
spected farmer  of  Bartholomew  county, 
and  his  mother,  Emeline  Lambert,  came  to 
Bartholomew  county  in  the  forties.  His 
father  came  with  Henry  Lambert,  Sr., 
grandfather  of  W.  W.  Lambert,  from 
Pennsylvania  in  1842.      His  mother  came 


with  herfather,  Henry  Coblentz,  from  ( >hio 
in  1848.     Young  Lambert  worked,  hard  on 

his  father's  farm  during  the  summer 
months  and  attended  country  school  in  the 
winter,  making  the  most  of  his  opportun- 
ities, until  he  reached  the  age  of  fifteen 
years,  when  he  entered  Hartsville  College. 
Realizing  what  an  important  thing  an 
education  was,  Mr.  Lambert  was  a  hard 
working  student  and  stood  in  the  forefront 
of  his  classes  as  a  result.  After  two  years 
of  college  work.  Mr.  Lambert  began  teach- 
ing school  as  a  side  issue  and  as  a  means 
of  support,  and  was  graduated  from  col- 
lege at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  Having 
read  law  during  his  entire  college  course, 
and  while  he  was  teaching  school.  Mr. 
Lambert  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  187S 
and  was  graduated  from  college  in  1879. 
He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1880  and 
is  now  a  prominent  and  successful  practi- 
tioner. 

Mr.  Lambert  was  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  Indiana  from  Bartholomew  and  Decatur 
counties  in  1  sits,  carrying  the  Democratic 
county  of  Bartholomew  by  300  majority, 
running  far  ahead  of  his  ticket,  a  testimo- 
nial of  the  respect  ami  confidence  placed 
in  him  by  the  people  of  his  native  county, 
regardless  of  politics.  In  the  Senate  he 
made  an  enviable  record  as  an  able  and 
conservative  representative  of  the  people. 

As  a  campaign  orator,  Mr.  Lambert 
has  always  been  popular.  His  first  ex- 
perience in  this  line  was  in  the  campaign 
of  lssn,  having  the  previous  year  first 
began  the  active  practice  of  law.  He  spoke 
in  nearly  every  part  of  the  county  in  that 
year  and  was  everywhere  sought  after  as 
a  representative  of  his  party  on  the  stump. 
Since  that  year  he  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  every  speaking  campaign,  and  his 
services  have  continually  grown  in  demand 
by  the  Republican  committees  and  by  the 
people  of  his  party  in  the  campaigns. 

Mr.  Lambert  was  a  candidate  for  the 
Republican  nomination  to  Congress  from 
the    fourth    district    of    Indiana    in    1896, 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


I  9; 


before  the  convention  at  North  Vernon, 
which  nominated  Hon.  Marcus  K.  Sulzer, 
and  received  very  earnest  and  creditable 
support.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Re- 
publican State  committee  from  1894  to 
L896.  Mr.  Lambert  is  a  rising  man  with 
the  reputation  of  an  aide,  efficient  and 
careful  attorney  in  whom  is  found  an 
abundance  of  sound  political  timber. 


WARREN  BIGLER. 

Wakrex  Bigleb,  of  Wabash,  member 
of  the  Republican  State  central  committee 
for  the  eleventh  district,  is  a  ••self-made" 
man.  but  not  in  the  offensive  sense  of  that 
much  abused  term.  What  he  has  was 
accumulated  by  unremitting  toil,  vigorous 
self-deuial  and  the  exercise  of  wits 
sharpened  by  stern  necessity  and  constant 
contact  with  bright  and  active  minds. 
Of  fine  accomplishments  and  a  manner 
peculiarly  attractive,  his  numerous  ac- 
quaintances among  men  of  position  and 
influence,  were  readily  formed,  and  the 
close  friendships  which  grew  out  of  these 
brought  golden  opportunities  of  which  he 
quickly  and  successfully  availed  himself. 

Twenty  odd  years  ago,  when  he  came 
to  Wabash.  Mr.  Bigler  was  without  a 
dollar  and  without  occupation.  His  un- 
exceptionable habits,  his  pluck  and  his 
pleasing  address  straightway  won  their 
way  to  public  confidence,  and  upon  open 
ing  a  modest  law  and  abstract  office. 
offers  of  assistance  and  support  were  not 
lacking  and  within  a  few  years  he  was  well 
grounded  in  the  business  community  and 
the  foundation  of  his  present  competence 
laid. 

The  savings  from  his  slender  income  of 
those  earlier  years  were  carefully  invested. 
He  became  identified  with  a  half  dozen 
building  and  loan  associations  in  an  official 
capacity,  and  his  tastes  were  thus  diverted 
to  real  estate  investments,  which  generally 
proved  profitable.  He  all  this  time  was  a 
conspicuous    figure   in    local    politics,    and 


Of 


aA/UM. 


IC 


became    a    member    of    the     Republican 

county  central  committee  in  L880,  and 
serving  continuously  thereon  as  a  member 
and  as  secretary  and  chairman  until  two 
years  ago,  when  he  relinquished  the  chair- 
manship to  become  the  chairman  of  the 
eleventh  district  committee.  He  has  never 
sought  nor  field  an  elective  office,  aside 
from  that  of  Trustee  of  the  Wabash  pub- 
lic schools,  which  place  he  has  held  for  the 
past  fifteen  years,  being  now  president  of 
the  hoard.  During  all  his  residence  in 
Wabash  he  has  been  associated  with 
every  movement  for  the  advancement 
of  the  interests  of  the  city  and  comity. 
He  is  now  a  director  of  the  Plain  l><ttl<  r 
company  and  also  president  of  that  corpo- 
ration; is  a  director  of  the  Wabash  Na- 
tional Bank,  and  is  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  company  to  build  an  electric  railway 
line  from  Wabash  to  fCokomo. 

Politically  he  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
cleverest  campaigners  in  Indiana,  and  he- 
cause  of  his  prowess  as  a  political  managei 


i:m; 


BISTOKY    OF   THE    BEPUBIJCAN    PARTY 


lie  is  biennially  chosen  to  represent  the 
Republicans  of  the  county  in  the  party 
(•'inventions.  He  has  been  selected  as  a 
delegate  to  the  Congressional  conventions 

six  times  in  sixteen  years — 1882,  1884. 
L888,  L892,  1894  and  1896,  and  to  the 
State  conventions  six  times  in  thirteen 
years — L886,  1890,  L892,  1894,  1896  and 
1898. 

Mr.  Bigler  is  yet  a  young  man.  having 
been  horn  in  Shelly  county.  Indiana.  Sep- 
tember 24,  L851.  His  father  was  Lewis 
Bigler,  and  his  mother  Malissa  Bigler.  the 
latter  surviving  and  making  her  home 
with  her  son. 

Mr.  Bigler  received  only  a  common 
school  education,  and  in  his  young  man- 
hood taught  a  district  school,  but  there  is 
no  college-bred  man  in  Indiana  who  has 
cultivated  to  a  higher  degree  a  taste  for 
the  best  in  literature,  art  and  music  on 
which,  locally,  he  is  considered  an  au- 
thority. 

His  truly  is  an  exemplification  of  the 
hackneyed  motto  that  "keeping  everlast- 
ingly at  it  brings  success."  and  his  career 
is  one  which  certainly  serves  as  an  inspi- 
ration to  every  ambitious  lad  who  will 
study  it. 

■M>HX  0.   CHANEY. 

The  Indiana  colony  at  Washington  con- 
tains many  distinguished  men.  but  there 
is  none  among  them  of  whom  the  Indi- 
anian  feels  prouder  than  of  Hon.  John 
Crawford  Chaney.  Mr.  Chaney  has  a 
reputation  as  an  able  lawyer,  a  man  of 
affairs  as  wide  as  the  country,  and.  with 
his  magnificent  ability  as  a  writer  and 
logician,  he  has  contributed  handsomely 
to  tin'  success  of  the  Republican  party, 
not  only  in  Indiana,  but  in  many  other 
States.  He  was  horn  February  1.  Is;,.",, 
on  his  maternal  grandfather's  farm,  in 
Columbiana  county.  Ohio,  the  son  of 
■James  and  Nancy  Chancy.  His  father  is 
of  Scotch  descent,  tinctured  with  French. 


and  was  an  architect  by  profession  who 
later  retired  to  the  peaceful  occupation  of 
farming.  While  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  still  a  child  the  family  migrated  to 
Ft.  Wayne  and  there  he  hail  the  benefit  of 
the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
his  father  gave  him  his  time,  and,  by  his 
unaided  efforts,  he  succeeded  in  getting 
through  Ascension  Seminary,  at  Sullivan, 
and  was  finally  graduated  at  the  Cincin- 
nati College.  He  had  worked  his  way  by 
teaching  through  both  the  seminary  and 
college,  and  had  developed  such  an  aptitude 
for  it  that  upon  graduation  he  was  given 
charge  of  the  graded  school  at  Farmers- 
burg.  The  next  year  he  had  charge  of 
the  high  school  and  superintended  the 
public  schools  at  Worthington.  His  ex- 
perience convinced  him  that  his  energies 
and  abilities  entitled  him  to  a  broader 
field  than  that  of  the  schoolmaster,  and 
while  engaged  in  his  school  work  he  took 
up  the  study  of  law  and  has  practiced  ever 
since  1883.  In  1880  he  was  chosen  organ- 
izer and  chairman  of  the  Repuhlican  com- 
mittee of  Sullivan  county.  Theretofore. 
such  few  Republicans  as  were  scattered 
through  Sullivan  county  had  been  rather 
ashamed  to  own  to  their  politics  and  such 
a  thing  as  having  a  county  organization 
was  new  to  them.  Young  Chaney  went 
in  with  fearless  courage  and  his  vigorous 
work  gave  Sullivan  county  the  first  com- 
plete organization  it  had  ever  had.  His 
energetic  and  courageous  work  attracted 
general  attention  and  in  l^-"4  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  State  committee.  His 
work  in  the  law  had  been  no  less  energetic 
and  successful  than  that  in  politics,  and 
shortly  after  General  Harrison's  inaugura- 
tion he  was  appointed  assistant  to  the  At- 
torney-General of  the  United  States.  Here 
he  was  charged  with  the  defense  of  suits 
against  the  Government  and  tried  and  won 
a  greater  number  of  cases  for  the  Govern- 
nieiit  than  any  assistant  theretofore  or 
since.  At  the  close  of  four  years  he  re- 
signed and  returned  to  the  practice  of  law 


«%v 

o 

m..  .j. 

^^^^^^EBBiH^i-    -— ~-              B  ; 

^jkj^ 

L9S 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


at  Sullivan,  hid.,  but  so  great  has  been 
the  demand  for  his  professional  services 
before  the  departments  and  United  States 
courts  at  Washington  that  he  has  been 
compelled  to  maintain  an  office  in  the 
capital  and  devote  his  time  between  there 
and  Sullivan.  He  has  engaged  in  every 
campaign  since  that  of  1880  as  an  orator, 
and  his  services  have  always  been  at  the 
command  of  the  State  committee.  He 
is  one  of  the  few  orators  that  always 
command  large  audiences  throughout  In- 
diana and  his  ability  as  a  persuasive  vote 
getter  is  unsurpassed.  Of  recent  years 
he  has  also  campaigned  successfully  in 
Ohio.  Illinois.  Maryland  and  other  States. 
Mr.  Chaney  was  married  December  26, 
1876,  to  Miss  Ella  Saucerman  and  two 
children  add  charm  to  their  delightful 
home  in  Sullivan.  Naturally,  a  man  of 
such  broad  culture  is  much  sought  so- 
cially, and  Mr.  Chaney  is  a  member  of  the 
Masons.  Odd  Fellows  and  various  social 
clubs  and  societies. 


ROSCOE  0.   HAWKINS. 

Hun.  Roscoe  < ).  Hawkins  has  Keen  for 
a  number  of  years  one  of  the  most  efficient 
leaders  of  the  Republican  party  in  Indiana. 
For  years  he  has  been  looked  to  as  one  of 
the  men  who  make  platforms  and  whose 
advice  is  eagerly  sought  in  the  conduct  of 
campaigns. 

Mr.  Hawkins  was  horn  on  February 
21,  1848,  at  Chagrin  Falls.  Ohio,  the  son 
of  Gaylord  B.  and  Eunice  E.  Hawkins. 
His  father  was  a  minister  in  the  Methodist 
church,  a  man  whose  English  ancestors 
had  settled  in  Vermont  in  the  early  years 
of  the  Republic.  His  mother  was  of  Con- 
necticut stock.  The  young  man  was  edu- 
cated at  Warren.  Ohio,  where  he  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  dur- 
ing these  years  of  study  his  path  was  full 
of  difficulties.  His  father  went  into  the 
army  as  a  chaplain  and  died  therein  1862. 
Thereafter  the  hoy  was  compelled  to  shift 


for  himself  and  worked  at  any  honorable 
employment  he  could  find  while  still  pur- 
suing his  studies.  In  the  spring  of  1870, 
when  twenty-two  years  of  age.  he  located 
in  Indianapolis  and  began  the  practice  of 
law.  By  unwearying  industry  he  slowly 
brought  success  and  has  for  a  number  of 
years  enjoyed  a  fame  as  a  lawyer  known 
throughout  the  State.  No  member  of  the 
bar  in  Indiana  is  better  versed  in  the  law 
or  endowed  with  a  more  logical  mind. 
He  has  a  way  of  reducing  a  case  right 
down  to  fundamental  principles  that  car- 
ries his  argument  with  the  presentation  of 
his  propositions. 

From  the  beginning  of  his  life  Mr. 
Hawkins  has  been  a  steadfast  and  uncom- 
promising Republican  and  has  devoted  an 
immense  amount  of  time  to  work  for  the 
party,  not  so  much  by  oratorical  effort  as 
in  the  work  of  organization  and  thought 
in  shaping  party  policies.  In  1^74  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Republican  county  com- 
mittee and  did  the  same  work  for  the  State 
committee  in  1S7C  That  same  year  he 
was  chairman  of  the  executive  committee 
of  the  county  committee.  In  1880  he  was 
chairman  of  the  county  committee  when 
Marion  county  was  the  storm-center  of 
one  of  the  most  memorable  campaigns  in 
the  history  of  the  State.  His  work  was 
done  so  thoroughly  and  so  well  that  it 
gave  him  a  wide  reputation  as  an  astute 
political  manager.  From  that  time  on  he 
served  in  every  campaign  as  a  member  of 
the  county  executive  committee  and  in 
1896  served  as  member  of  the  State  exec- 
utive committee.  He  was  elected  City  At- 
torney in  1876  and  administered  the  office 
with  distinguished  ability  for  three  years, 
and  though  he  has  devoted  an  enormous 
amount  of  time  and  energy  to  the  Repub- 
lican party  during  his  career  this  is  the 
only  office  of  emolument  he  has  ever  held. 
At  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  party  he 
accepted  the  nomination  for  joint  Senator 
fie  mi  Marion,  Hancock  and  Shelby  coun- 
ties in    1896   and  was  elected  in  spite  of  a 


c% L/yy&Aj7ct^i 


200 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


very  heavy  Democratic  plurality  in  the 
district  and  in  this  office  he  has  served  the 
State  ably  and  well.  In  L880  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  National  Republican  con- 
vention. The  high  esteem  in  which  he  is 
held  as  a  citizen  of  Indianapolis  is  evi- 
denced by  the  fact  that  for  the  past  eight 
years  he  has  served  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  governors  of  the  Indianapolis 
Board  of  Trade.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Columbia  and  Marion  clubs  and  served  as 
president  of  the  Columbia  Club  for  one 
term.  He  is  a  thirty-third  degree  Scottish 
Rite  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Loyal  Legion  by  inheritance. 
Mr.  Hawkins  was  married  February  19, 
1873,  at  Cleveland.  Ohio,  to  Miss  Martha 
L.  Harmon  and  they  have  two  children. 
Mrs.  Hawkins  holds  a  place  in  the  social 
life  of  Indianapolis  as  eminent  as  does  her 
husband  in  his  profession  and  in  political 
circles. 


FRANKLIN   \V.  HAYS. 

No  man  has  contributed  more  thought 
and  intelligence  and  practical  energy  to- 
ward making  the  Columbia  Club  a  politi- 
cal and  social  institution,  whose  influence 
is  felt  not  only  in  every  county  of  the 
State,  but  far  beyond  its  borders,  than  Dr. 
Franklin  W.  Hays.  But  it  is  not  in  this 
alone  that  Dr.  Hays  has  attained  distinc- 
tion. A  man  of  such  force  of  character 
and  such  fervid  activity  is  bound  to  suc- 
ceed and  succeed  quickly  in  whatever  he 
undertakes,  and  Dr.  Hays'  first  and  main 
purpose  in  life  has  been  success  in  his  pro- 
fession, and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  physician 
in  the  history  of  the  State  has  ever  at- 
tained such  eminence  in  the  practice  in  so 
short  a  period  as  he. 

Franklin  W.  Hays  was  born  in  El  Do- 
rado, Ohio,  April  2.  L858,  the  son  of 
James  0.  and  Sarah  J.  Clevenger  Hays. 
In  his  early  boyhood  his  parents  removed 
to  Columbus.  Ind.,  where  his  father  lived 
and  prospered  as  a  merchant.  His  ances- 
try   was  of  the   pioneers  of  Georgia    and 


Southern  Tennessee,  men  of  prominence 
in  the  affairs  of  their  State,  both  civil  and 
military.  His  mother  was  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry  and  number  among  them 
many  men  of  distinction.  One  of  them, 
Shubael  Clevenger.  was  a  sculptor  whose 
fame  was  known  on  both  sides  of  the 
ocean.  The  boy  went  through  the  com 
nion  schools  and  high  school  at  Columbus, 
after  which  he  entered  the  University  of 
Kentucky,  at  Lexington,  taking  the  classi- 
cal course.  Before  graduation  he  had 
determined  upon  medicine  as  a  profession 
and  as  soon  as  his  college  course  was  com- 
pleted he  began  reading  medicine  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  drove,  at  Columbus.  Later 
he  read  with  Drs.  Howard  and  Martin,  at 
Greenfield,  and  then  came  to  Indianapolis 
where  he  was  under  the  instruction  of 
Drs.  P.  H.  and  Henry  Jameson.  He  then 
entered  the  Medical  College  of  Indiana, 
and  graduated  with  honors  in  1880.  His 
industry  and  ability  attracted  attention  in 
the  college  and  while  still  an  undergradu- 
ate he  was  elected  assistant  to  the  chair  of 
Chemistry  and  Toxicology.  After  receiv- 
ing his  diploma  he  was  continued  as  as- 
sistant to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and 
Librarian  and  Registrar  of  the  college. 
In  lssM  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on  Der- 
matology and  Venereal  Diseases  and  was 
made  superintendent  of  the  Free  Dispen- 
sary. In  the  meantime  he  had  taken  a 
postgraduate  course  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  had  spent  much  time  in  the 
great  hospitals  of  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia. He  very  soon  gained  recognition 
in  the  profession  and  was  influential  in 
the  organization  ot  the  Indiana  Medical 
College,  in  which  he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics. 
to  which  he  added  Dermatology.  He  was 
made  secretary  of  the  college  and  faculty 
and  has  been  honored  thrice  with  the  sec- 
retaryship and  once  with  the  presidency 
of  the  College  Alumni  Association.  He 
has  been  active  and  influential  in  the  work 


r 


-  • 
■ 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


201 


of  the  Marion  County  Medical  Society, 
the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society  and  the 
American  Medical  Association.  He  is  mi 
the  staff  of  the  City  Hospital,  the  City  Dis- 
pensary and  St.  Vincent's  Hospital. 

Dr.  Hays  has  always  been  an  ardent 
Republican  and  was  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  Columbia  Club.  From 
the  first  he  lias  been  one  of  its  most  active 
members,  and  was  very  influential  in  its 
development  from  a  mere  marching  club 
to  the  most  prominent  political  and  social 
organization  of  the  city.  In  1897  he  was 
made  chairman  of  its  house  committee 
and  began  to  rapidly  develop  the  plans  of 
wider  usefulness  for  the  club  that  he  had 
been  revolving  in  his  mind  for  some  time. 
It  was  then  that  the  club  began  to  branch 
out  actively  through  the  State  and  prac- 
tically doubled  its  membership  by  admit 
ting  a  few  men  of  large  prominence  from 
each  county  in  Indiana.  At  the  same 
time  the  question  of  building  a  new  chili 
house  was  brought  to  a  head.  The  next 
year  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  club 
and  under  his  active  administration  ways 
and  means  for  the  construction  of  the  new 
club  house  were  found,  and  the  result  is 
far  and  away  the  handsomest  club  house 
west  of  New  York.  Dr.  Hays  is  a  man  of 
high  standing  in  Masonry  and  a  member 
of  many  of  its  orders.  As  will  be  seen 
from  the  hare  skeleton  of  facts  tbus  briefly 
stated.  Dr.  Hays'  life  is  a  remarkably 
busy  one.  His  indefatigable  energy,  pa- 
tient persistence  and  remarkable  ability  in 
the  conception  and  execution  of  plans 
have  brought  him  rapidly  to  the  front  of 
every  movement  with  which  he  lias  been 
connected. 

June  25,  L884,  Dr.  Hays  was  married 
to  Miss  Louella  Graves  White,  daughter 
of  the  late  Thomas  White,  Esq.,  of  Mem- 
phis, a  prominent  banker  and  planter. 
Two  sons,  bright  and  active  boys,  have 
been  born  of  this  marriage.      Dr.  Hays  is 

in  the  prime  of  his  young   liianh 1.      In 

his  profession   and   in    such   other    lines  of 


activity  as  he  1.;;  -  taken  up  he  lias  achieved 
tin-  very  highest  sue  years, 

and  certainly  the  futui  >u1   to  him 

the  very  brightest  of  promises. 


J.   J.   M.    LaFOLLETTE. 

.Ikssk  Jennings  Mills  LaFollette, 
who  was  the  unquestioned  leader  of  the 
Republican  majority  in  the  State  Senate 
in  ls'-'7.  is  a  man  who,  through  steadfast 
industry  and  patient  work,  backed  by  a 
large  fund  of  native  intelligence,  has 
steadily  earned  his  way  from  humble  be- 
ginnings to  a  position  of  large  prominence 
in  the  State.  He  was  born  September  12, 
1S-H'..  in  Jay  county.  Indiana,  on  the  farm 
of  his  father.  John  LaFollette.  a  sturdy 
farmer  of  French  Huguenot  stock.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  Jay  county  and  later  took  a  course  in 
Liber  College.  After  his  graduation,  he 
supported  himself  by  working  on  the  farm 
ami  teaching  a  common  school,  while 
putting  in  all  his  spare  time  on  the  study 
of  law.  After  he  opened  his  office  it  was 
not  long  until  the  people  of  Jay  county 
discovered  that  any  legal  work  he  under- 
took for  them  was  done  with,  not  only 
ability,  but  with  the  most  conscientious 
care  and  fidelity,  and  be  soon  acquired  a 
paying  practice.  In  September.  1^;,",.  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Wells,  of  Port- 
land, and  they  have  two  children.  Mi-. 
LaFollette  has  been  an  ardent  Republican 
from  the  beginning.  Hisyoutb  was  passed 
and  his  character  formed  in  those  stirring 
years  just  before  the  Civil  War  when  the 
conscience  of  the  country  ranged  itself 
with  a  Republican  party  for  the  freedom 
of  the  slaves.  When  war  broke  out  he 
volunteered  and  went  to  the  front  as  a 
member  of  Company  E  of  the  139th  Indi- 
ana. Returning  to  Portland  at  the  close 
ot'  the  war.  be  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
and  while  active  in  political  affairs  neither 
sought  nor  accepted  political  office.  He 
was  an  eloquent  talker  and  bis  services  on 


HISTORY    (IF    THE    REPUBLICAN'    PARTY 


the  .stump  were  much  in  demand  and  were 
given  freely.  In  1876  he  gave  up  his 
whole  time  during  the  campaign  as  chair- 
man of  the  county  central  committee.  In 
1892  he  was  chosen  as  a  candidate  for 
Presidential  Elector  in  the  eleventh  Con- 
gressional district.  In  1894  he  accepted 
the  nomination  for  joint  Senator  from 
Adams.  Jay  and  Blackford  counties,  a 
Senatorial  district  that  had  a  normal 
Democratic  majority  of  over  1,800.  lie 
accepted  the  nomination,  with  no  notion 
of  election,  at  the  earnest  and  continued 
solicitation  of  the  party  leaders  and  in  the 
helief  that  in  so  doing  he  might  in  some 
measure  add  to  the  local  strength  of  the 
State  ticket.  His  personal  popularity 
throughout  the  district  was  such  that 
while  the  general  vote  of  the  district  was 
heavily  Democratic  he  was  elected  and 
served  his  term  of  four  years  in  the  Senate. 
There  lie  was  the  author  of  many  useful 
measures  and  acquired  a  very  great  in- 
fluence in  the  Senate.  On  August  1, 
ls'.iT.  he  was  appointed  Assistant  LI.  S. 
Attorney  for  the  district  of  Indiana  and  is 
still  serving  ably  in  that  capacity.  Kindly 
and  straightforward  in  his  nature,  able 
and  intelligent  in  his  work.  Mr.  LaFollette 
has  already  acquired  high  distinction  and 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  future 
holds  for  him  higher  honors. 


GEORGE   P.   HAYWool). 

George  P.  Haywood,  one  of  the  most 
potent  of  the  young  Republican  leaders  of 
the  State,  is  a  man  who  has  risen  by  sheer 
force  of  intellect  and  industry  to  a  position 
of  great  eminence  as  a  lawyer  and  of 
great  influence  in  politics.  Beginning  his 
active  life  with  neither  money  nor  friends 
be  is  now  in  excellent  circumstances  and 
counts  warm  and  loyal  supporters  by  the 
score  in  every  county  in  Indiana. 

( J eorge  Price  Haywood  was  born  Decem- 
ber 15,  1852,  at  Sugar  Grove,  Tippecanoe 


county,  Indiana.  His  father,  Henry  Hay- 
wood, was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1812 
and  moved  in  boyhood  with  bis  pa- 
rents to  Green  county.  Ohio.  Coming  of 
age  he  started  out  for  himself  and  located 
in  Montgomery  county.  Indiana,  and  soon 
afterwards  removed  to  Tippecanoe  county, 
where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  a 
farmer.  Martha  Haywood,  the  mother 
of  George,  was  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina, and  bad  later  removed  to  Montgom- 
ery county  with  her  parents.  The  boy 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and 
afterwards  given  courses  in  the  Green 
Hill  Seminary  and  the  Northern  Indiana 
Normal  School.  In  the  meantime  he  had 
worked  on  the  farm  during  vacations  and 
after  school  hours,  and  at  the  age  of  eight- 
een he  began  teaching  school  and  taught 
for  several  years.  In  1*77.  while  still 
pursuing  bis  occupation  as  a  school  teacher, 
he  began  the  study  of  law.  and  in  1880  he 
entered  the  law  office  of  Behm  &  Behm,  at 
Lafayette,  and  remained  there  two  years. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1>^1  and 
has  since  practiced  law  in  Lafayette.  He 
soon  rose  to  some  local  distinction  in  his 
profession  and  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  twenty-third  judicial  cir- 
cuit in  lsst;.  and  was  re-elected  in  L888. 
During  bis  term  as  Prosecuting  Attorney 
he  had  six  murder  cases  and  secured  a  con- 
viction in  every  case.  One  of  these,  the 
Pettit  murder  case,  was  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  cases  in  the  criminal  annals  of 
Indiana,  and  Mr.  Haywood's  management 
of  the  case  brought  him  fame  as  a  crim- 
inal lawyer  that  spread  over  several 
States.  Fred  W.  Pettit  was  a  Methodist 
minister  in  charge  of  the  O'Dell  and 
Shawnee  churches  when  his  wife  died  in 

1889.  Pettit  had  shown  a  predilection  for 
another    woman    and    was    charged    with 
murder  and   the  trial    was   held    in    Mont 
gomery  county,  on  a  change  of  venue,  in 

1890.  He  was  defended  by  very  able 
counsel  and    after    a   lone  legal    struggle 


204 


HISTOUY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN     PARTY 


was  convicted  of  having  murdered  his 
wife  by  strychnia  poisoning  and  was  im- 
prisoned for  life. 

While  thus  attaining  fame  as  a  lawyer 
Mr.  Haywood  had  attained  no  small  meas- 
ure of  prominence  in  the  politics  of  the 
State.  His  natural  eloquence,  keen  logic 
and  elnse  observation  of  affairs  had  made 
him  a  valuable  man  on  the  stump  and  his 
services  as  an  orator  were  in  large  de- 
mand in  every  campaign.  In  1892  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State 
convention  for  Reporter  of  the  Supreme 
Court  and  in  that  year  of  Democratic 
landslides  made  a  surprisingly  successful 
canvass,  running  considerably  ahead  of 
his  ticket,  though  he  went  down  in  defeat 
with  his  party.  In  May.  1894,  hewasap- 
pointed  City  Attorney  of  Lafayette,  an 
office  which  he  still  administers  with  great 
ability.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  every 
district  and  State  convention  of  his  party 
since  18S8.  In  189-1  he  was  made  chair- 
man of  the  Tippecanoe  county  committee 
and  conducted  a  very  vigorous  and  suc- 
cessful campaign.  In  1898  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  advisory  committee  of 
the  Republican  State  committee. 

Asa  man  of  affairs  Mr.  Haywood  has 
been  fully  as  successful  as  in  the  other 
walks  of  life.  He  is  connected  with  the 
Lafayette  Bridge  Company  as  its  regular 
attorney,  and  is  director  and  attorney  of 
the  Lafayette  Telephone  Company,  and 
attorney  for  Taylor's  Hank,  of  Lafayette. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Lincoln  and  Lafay- 
ette clubs  and  is  socially  very  popular.  He 
was  married  October  1.  1879,  to  Miss  Mary 
Marshall,  of  Montmorenci,  and  they  have 
three  children.  Thus  early  in  life  Mr. 
Haywood  has  reached  a  point  of  success 
that  very  few  men  attain  after  lifelong 
struggles,  and  there  are  few.  if  any.  men 
in  Indiana  to  whom  the  future  holds  a 
brighter  promise. 


W.    A.    WOODS. 

It  is  doubtful  if  Indiana  has  ever  pro- 
duced a  jurist  who  handled  so  many  legal 
controversies  involving  large  affairs  and 
handled  them  so  well  as  has  Judge  W. 
A.  Woods.  During  the  course  of  his 
long  career  on  the  Federal  bench  many 
legal  preliminaries  have  been  presented, 
involving  not  only  vast  interests,  hut 
bringing  up  almost  entirely  new  questions 
for  adjudication.  While  conservative 
always,  he  has  never  hesitated  or  shirked 
a  decision  and  the  precedents  he  has  set 
have  almost  invariably  been  affirmed  and 
followed  by  the  greatest  judicial  body  the 
world  has  known,  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court. 

William  Allen  Woods  was  horn  May 
16,  1  s.",7.  near  Farmington.  Marshall 
county.  Tenn.  He  was  the  youngest  of 
three  children,  the  others  being  girls,  and 
was  only  a  month  old  when  his  father 
died,  while  pursuing  his  studies  in  theol- 
ogy. His  paternal  grandfather  was  a 
slaveholder  ami  a  man  of  affairs.  His 
mother's  father.  William  D.  Ewing.  was 
also  a  well-to-do  farmer,  hut  held  as  slaves 
only  an  old  couple  who  had  long  been  in 
the  family  at  the  time  of  Judge  Woods' 
earliest  recollection.  When  the  hoy  was 
seven  years  of  age.  his  mother  married 
Captain  .John  Miller,  who.  being  strongly 
opposed  to  slavery,  moved  with  the  family 
to  Iowa,  where  he  died  after  a  few  months, 
leaving  Allen  las  he  was  called)  and  a 
younger  stepbrother  to  do  the  work  of  the 
farm.  He  attended  school  in  winter  until 
near  fourteen,  when  he  was  employed  in 
a  mill,  and  after  that  for  a  l\'\v  months 
clerked  in  the  village  store.  Meanwhile, 
by  carrying  hod  for  the  plasterers,  he 
worked  out  a  subscription  to  the  building 
of  the  academy  at  Troy,  in  which  be  after- 
ward prepared  for  college  and  in  which  at 
the  same  time  he  was  an  assistant  teacher. 
Before  eighteen  he  was  prominent  in  the 
Order  of  Good   Templars,   being  chief  of 


OF    THE    STATE    <  >K    INDIANA. 


205 


his  lodge,  having  also  assisted  in  organiz- 
ing the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State,  of  which 
he  was  elected  an  officer. 

In  1855  he  matriculated  in  Wabash 
College.  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  and  pur- 
sued a  classical  course  to  graduation  in 
1859.  He  was  a  good  all-round  student, 
but  was  especially  apt  in  mathematics, 
and  for  one  year  after  graduation  was 
employed  in  the  college  as  a  tutor. 
He  then  became  a  teacher  at  Marion. 
Indiana,  where  he  continued  until,  in 
consequence  of  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  the  school  was  broken  up.  He  en- 
listed, hut,  by  reason  of  an  injury  in  the 
foot,  did  not  go  into  the  service.      He  was 

an  omniverous  reader  from  boyh I    de 

vouring  all  the  books  which  he  was  able 
to  procure,  and  from  the  time  of  his  grad- 
uation pursued  the  study  of  law  with  greal 
assiduity. 

In  1862,  on  St.  Patrick's  day.  he  lo- 
cated in  Goshen,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  From  the 
beginning  he  was  prosperous  and  success- 
ful. He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in 
1866  and  served  with  credit  as  a  member 
of  the  judiciary  committee,  proposing  a 
number  of  hills  which  were  enacted  into 
laws.  He  was  offered,  by  Governor  Baker, 
but  declined,  the  appointment  of  Circuit 
Judge  for  the  thirty-fourth  circuit,  then 
just  created.  In  1*7:'.  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  thirty- 
fourth  circuit  of  the  State  and  re-elected 
in  1878  without  opposition,  discharging 
the  judicial  duties  with  such  ability  as  to 
gain  a  State  reputation  and  secure  from 
the  Republican  convention  of  18S0  a  nom- 
ination to  the  office  of  Judge  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  to  which  he  was  elected  in 
October.  Assuming  the  duties  of  that 
office  in  January,  1881,  he  served  until 
May,  1883,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Arthur  to  the  position  of  United 
States  District  Judge  for  the  District  of 
Indiana,  succeeding  Judge  Gresham,  who 
had   been  appointed    Postmaster-General. 


He  held  the  District  Judgeship  until  March 
17.    1S*J2,   when,  upo  dilation  of 

President  Harrison,  hi    v, ,,-  1  and 

commissioned  Circuit  Judge  of  the  United 
States  for  the  seventh  circuil  mid  is  now 
the  senior  circuit  Judge  for  that  circuit, 
and  as  such  presides  in  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Appeals,  which  sits  at  Chicago. 

Although  his  grandfathers  were  slave- 
holders, his  father  and  stepfather  were 
anti-slavery  in  sentiment  and  he  became  a 
practical  Abolitionist.  Aslavegirl,  given 
to  his  mother  by  her  father  upon  her  mar- 
riage, had  thereby  become  the  property  of 
his  father,  hut  by  his  father's  last  will  she 
was  to  have  her  freedom  when  she  should 
arrive  at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  The  girl 
married  and  before  she  was  entitled  to 
freedom  gave  birth  to  a  hoy.  who  was  left 
as  a. slave  in  Tennessee  in  1*47.  the  mother 
going  with  the  family  to  Iowa.  As  the 
hoy  grew  he  became  valuable,  as  human 
chattels  were  valued.  By  the  time  Judge 
Woods  was  half  through  college  he  was 
compelled  to  borrow  money  in  order  to 
finish  the  course,  and  it  was  suggested  to 
him  that  several  hundred  dollars  could  be 
raised  by  selling  the  black  hoy.  He  de- 
clined positively  to  profit  in  that  way. 
avowing  his  purpose  rather  to  leave  col- 
lege, and  insisted  that  the  hoy  he  brought 
North  and  given  his  freedom,  ami  that 
was  done. 

Among  the  notable  cases  tried  by 
Judge  Woods,  one  that  attracted  wide 
attention  and  interest,  was  the  applica- 
tion for  an  injunction  on  behalf  of  the 
Governmenl  to  compel  the  directors  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  to  close 
the  gates  on  Sunday.  In  the  hearing  of 
the  case  Circuit  Judges  Woods  and  Jen 
kins  and  Judge  Grosscup,  of  the  district 
court,  sat  together.  Judges  Woods  and 
Jenkins  decided  to  grant  the  injunction, 
and  each  delivered  an  elaborate  oral  opin- 
ion presenting  the  argument  and  reasons 
for  his  decision.  The  former  held  that 
there    had    been    such    a    transfer    of  the 


HISTORY    OK    TIIK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


possession  of  Jackson  Park  to  the  United 
States  for  the  purposes  of  the  Exposition 
as  to  vest  in  Congress  the  right  and  duty 
of  control,  and  that  as  Congress  had 
made  Sunday  closing  a.  condition  upon 
which  it  had  voted  an  appropriation  in  aid 
of  the  exposition  the  Government  had  the 
right  to  exact  compliance  with  the  condi- 
tion and  for  that  purpose  to  invoke  the  aid 
(jf  a  court  of  equity. 

While  Judge  Woods  occupied  the  dis- 
trict bench  his  court  had  more  than  the 
usual  number  of  political  cases.  The 
most  important  and  notable  was  the  trial 
and  conviction  of  parties  indicted  for 
conspiring  to  obtain  unlawful  possession 
of  the  tally  sheets  containing  a  record 
of  the  vote  in  the  city  of  Indianap- 
olis at  the  Congressional  election  in  1886. 
Judge  Woods'  construction  of  the  statutes 
applicable  to  the  case  was  strenuously  con- 
tested, hut  was  sustained  by  the  decision 
of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  re  Coy,  127  U. 
S.,    731. 

The  case  that  attracted  the  most  atten- 
tion, however,  was  the  proceeding  against 
Colonel  Dudley,  charged  with  writing  a 
letter  from  New  York,  during  the  cam- 
paign of  L888,  advising  bribery  at  the 
polls.  The  election  was,  perhaps,  the 
most  exciting  ever  held  in  the  State,  and 
charges  of  corruption  were  freely  made  by 
both  parties.  A  "confidential"' letter,  al- 
leged to  have  been  written  by  the  chair- 
man of  a  Democratic  county  committee  to 
a  subordinate,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy.  It  advised  that  voters  that  could 
he  bought  were  simply  "floats"  and  should 
he  looked  after  closely,  that  no  one  should 
escape.  Another  letter,  over  the  alleged 
signature  of  Colonel  Dudley,  written  on  a 
sheet  hearing  the  imprint  of  the  National 
Republican  committee,  and  addressed  to 
an  unknown  person  in  Indiana,  was  inter- 
cepted in  some  manner  and  fell  into  the 
hands  of  a  Democratic  State  committee. 
It  gave  full  and  explicit  directions  con- 
cerning   the  election    and   contained    this 


offensive  clause  :  "Divide  the  floaters  into 
blocks  of  five  and  put  a  trusted  man  with 
necessary  funds  in  charge  of  these  five  and 
make  him  responsible  that  none  get  away 
and  that  all  vote  our  ticket."  In  this 
charge  to  the  Federal  grand  jury,  which 

met    November    14.    L888,    Judge   W Is 

called  attention  to  section  551 1  of  theU.  S. 
Revised  Statutes,  which  makes  bribery  an 
offense  and  provides  that  any  person  who 
••aids,  counsels,  procures  or  advises  any 
such  voter,  person  or  officer,  to  do  any  act 
hereby  made  a  crime  *     *     shall  be 

punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five 
hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not 
more  than  three  years,  or  by  both,  and 
shall  pay  the  costs  of  the  prosecution." 
The  question  of  the  proper  construction  of 
the  statute  having  been  under  considera- 
tion hetween  Judge  Woods  and  ex-Senator 
McDonald  and  there  having  developed  a 
difference  of  opinion.  Judge  Woods  pur- 
posely omitted  any  construction  of  the  sec- 
tion and  gave  his  charge  to  the  jury  sub- 
stantially in  the  language  of  the  statute, 
so  as  to  leave  the  District  Attorney  free 
to  conduct  the  investigation  before  the 
grand  jury  in  his  own  way.  A  month 
later,  however,  in  a  response  to  a  request  of 
the  grand  jury,  for  more  explicit  instruc- 
tion, he  quoted  section  551 1  of  the  Statutes 
and  added  this  construction  :  "But  in  any 
case,  besides  the  mere  fact  of  the  advice 
or  counsel,  it  must  he  shown  that  the 
crime  contemplated  was  committed  or  an 
attempt  made  to  commit  it."  This  was 
followed  by  a  storm  of  partisan  criticism. 
It  was  charged  in  the  Democratic  press, 
and  by  the  senior  Senator  from  Indiana 
upon  the  floor  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
that  this  construction  was  inconsistent 
with  the  first,  charge  and  that  the  Judge 
had  determined  to  shield  the  guilty  by 
making  indictment  impossible  under  his 
construction  of  the  law.  The  criticism 
having  been  repeated  in  words  of  bitter 
denunciation  in  the  Democratic  State  plat- 
form of   1890,  Judge  Woods  published  an 


208 


HISTORY    (>K   THE   REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


elaborate  statement  of  facts,  with  corre- 
spondence and  data,  which  not  only  exon- 
erated 1 1 i in  from  any  suspicion  of  wrong- 
doing or  inconsistency,  but  also  showed 
that  his  construction  of  the  law  was  cor- 
rect, that  it  was  approved  hy  Justice  Har- 
lan of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court, 
who  examined  the  authorities  carefully  at 
his  request,  and  it  appeared  later  that  his 
ruling  was  in  exact  accord  with  an  early 
decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case 
of  United  States  vs.  Mills,  7  Peters.  137, 
which  seems  to  have  been  overlooked 
while  the  discussion  was  going-  on.  The 
vindication  was  complete. 

But  more  notable  and  important  than 
any  other  of  his  services  upon  the  bench 
were  the  issue  of  the  injunction  in  L894 
against  interference  with  interstate  com- 
merce and  the  carrying  of  the  mails  on 
the  railroads  running  into  Chicago  and 
the  punishment  by  imprisonment  of  the 
officers  of  the  American  Railway  Union 
for  disobedience  of  the  injunction.  To 
that  injunction,  ami  the  punishment 
of  its  violators,  is  referable  the  expres- 
sion, and  the  outcry  against  "gov- 
ernment by  injunction;"  hut  seldom  has 
a  more  notable  tribute  to  the  law  and  to  a 
judge  for  declaring  and  enforcing  it  been 
uttered  than  by  Justice  Brewer,  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  at  the  banquet  of  the 
Marquette  Club,  of  Chicago,  when  he  said: 

'•The  great  strike  of  which  this  city 
was  the  historic  center  attests  the  wisdom 
of   judicial    interference.  The 

peaceful  ending  of  that  strike  is  a  supreme 
attestation  of  the  power  of  the  American 
people  to  govern  themselves.  That  honest 
ami  true-minded  men  were  on  both  sides 
of  that  controversy  no  sensible  man  doubts 
and  that  it  was  settled  judiciously  and  not 
by  bayonets  and  bullets  is  the  glory  of  all. 
And  here  let  me  say  in  passing  that  the 
hero  of  that  struggle  for  the  domination 
of  the  law  was  Circuit  Judge  William  A. 
Woods,  whose  name  will  he  revered  and 
honored    through   the  coming   ages,    long 


after  the  memories  of  his  critics  and  assail- 
ants shall  have  become,  like  the  body  of 
Lazarus,  four  days  in  the  grave." 

Judge  Woods  is  recognized  as  a  jurist 
of  the  highest  integrity.  He  is  careful 
and  painstaking  in  research,  deliberate 
and  conservative  in  judgment.  Judge 
Woods  was  married  December  6,  l^To,  to 
Miss  Newton,  of  Pes  Moines.  Iowa.  They 
have  two  children   a  daughter,  and  a  son. 


FRANCIS  E.    BAKER. 

It  has  often  been  said  that  in  America 
it  is  a  difficult  thing  for  the  son  of  a  great 
man  to  earn  the  respect  of  a  community, 
and  there  is  not  a  little  truth  in  this  state 
nieiit.  Many  an  ambitious  spirit  has  been 
crushed  with  the  contemptuous  comment. 
"  He  is  the  son  of  his  father."  With  this 
in  mind  one  can  understand  something  of 
the  force  of  character  and  strength  of  will 
that  Francis  E.  Baker  has  put  in  the  bat- 
tle of  life  to  attain  the  high  and  honorable 
position  of  a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme 
Court  while  his  father  is  still  on  the  Fed- 
eral bench  as  District  Judge  of  Indiana. 
When  Judge  John  H.  Baker  was  appointed 
to  the  Federal  bench  many  tempting  offers 
were  made  to  his  son  for  partnerships  and 
corporation  practice  at  the  capital,  but  the 
Bakers  are  not  made  of  that  sort  of  stuff. 
The  son  preferred  to  remain  at  Goshen  and 
practice  law,  as  he  had  done  theretofore. 
upon  his  own  merits,  and  the  father  was 
more  than  satisfied  that  this  should  be  the 
case. 

Francis  E.  Baker  was  horn  at  Goshen, 
Indiana.  <  >ctober  20,  I860,  the  son  of  Hon. 
John  H.  Baker,  whose  career  as  lawyer, 
statesman  and  jurist  is  set  forth  on  another 
page  of  this  volume.  His  mother.  Mrs. 
Harriet  E.  Baker,  is  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Joseph  H.  DeFrees.  who  was  an  early  set- 
tler of  Elkhart  county  and  one  of  the  most 
prominent  citizens  of  the  State.  The  boy 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  hut 
when  it  came  to  his  preparation  for  college 


I 


i 
■ 

■ 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA.  200 

his  father  took  the  matter  in  hand  and  tu-  JOHN  C.  NEW. 
tored  him  in  Greek.  Latin,  mathematics  No  man  in  rndiana  has  ,.,,.,.  ,„.,,,  „„„,. 
and  other  essentials.  He  entered  the  Indi-  intimately  associated  with  the  develop 
ana  State  University  in  L876and  remained  ment  ;m(1  progressof  the  Republican  party 
there  two  years.  In  l«7s  he  entered  the  th.m  hag  Hnn  John  (,  Xew  during  tl]1, 
University  of  Michigan  and  graduated  in  past  fchirty  V(,ars  hl  |11(Jlv  tl|a||  one  ,.  mi 
L882,  after  completing  a  special  course  that  paign  of  critica]  importance  its  success 
usually  requires  five  years.  In  that  great  has  depended  upon  his  genius,  patriotism 
universitv  he  is  still  remembered  as  one  of  aU(1  capacity  for  ari;m.s.  ;mu  at  ,„,  point  in 
the  most  intelligent  students  among  the  its  history  has  ll(,  ever  failed  fco  give  it  fche 
thousands  that  have  attended  there.  In  benefit  of  his  sound  judgment  and  inde 
L880  lie  served  as  class  historian  and  dur-  fafcigable  energy.  He  is  a  man  who  does 
ing  the  last  year  of  his  course  was  the  lit-  fcnings  wjrh  th(,  positive  nature  horn  to 
erary  editor  of  the  college  paper,  The  ,.,„11I11.„1,i  .  he  has  spent  a  long  and  hon- 
( 'hronicle,  and  was  class  poet  at  the  com-  orable  lif( ,  in  th(.  c.ontro]  of  men  and  large 
mencement  exercises  of  his  class.  After  affairs>  aud  has  left  the  impress  of  his 
graduation  he  read  law  for  two  years  mi-  strong  personality,  not  only  upon  his  un- 
der his  father  and  Judge  Mitchell  and  Qative  State,  but  upon  the  Nation  at  large, 
with  the  beginning  of  L885  he  formed  a  john  Chalfant  New  was  horn  at  Old 
partnership  with  his  father.  This  part-  Vernon,  Jennings  county.  July  6,  1831. 
nership  was  dissolved  in  1892  when  his  His  father,  John  Bowen  New.  migrated 
father  was  appointed  to  the  Federal  bench.  frorn  t]lt.  original  seat  of  the  family  in 
He  then  formed  the  partnership  of  Baker  North  Carolina  to  Northern  Ohio  in  the 
&  Miller,  which  continued  until  his  elec-  eariy  pioneer  days,  and  came  further 
tion  to  the  supreme  bench.  While  active  Westward  in  L816,  the  year  that  Indiana 
and  influential  in  politics,  Mr.  Baker  never  entered  the  Union.  He  settled  at  Old 
aspired  to  office  until  L89S,  when  his  dis-  Vernon  and  was  one  of  those  hardy  pion- 
trict  put  him  forward  as  a  candidate  for  eerSj  whose  strength  and  energy  helped 
the  nomination  as  Supreme  . fudge.  So  t()  (.arve  a  great  commonwealth  out  of 
great  was  his  reputation  as  a  lawyer  all  the  wilderness.  He  was  an  active  mem- 
over  Northern  Indiana  that  the  suggestion  ber  of  the  Campbellite  Church  and  offi- 
met  with  little  opposition,  even  from  ciated  as  an  elder  for  sixty  years.  He 
friends  of  those  who  aspired  to  the  same  po-  married  Maria  Chalfant.  a  native  of  Gal- 
sition.  and  he  was  nominated  without  dif-  latin  county  Kv.  Their  son.  John  ('.. 
ficulty  and  elected  with  the  ticket.  On  the  received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
supreme  bench  he  has  already  shown  him-  schools  of  Vernon  and  then  attended 
self  to  be  a  jurist  of  a  high  order  of  ability.  Bethany  College,  in  Virginia,  tour  years 
.Judge  Baker  was  married  on  February  under  the  training  of  its  famous  founder, 
21,  1888,  to  Miss  May  Irwin  and  they  Alexander  Campbell.  He  graduated  at 
have  three  children.  The  career  of  Judge  the  age  of  twenty  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Baker  contains  no  sudden  stroke  of  for-  bar  after  studying  a  year  in  the  office  of 
tune.  His  nomination  and  election  to  ex-Governor  David  Wallace.  This  was 
the  highest  judicial  tribunal  of  the  State  jn  L852,  ami  he  had  no  sooner  opened  his 
was  but  the  fruit  of  his  years  of  toil,  study  law  office  than  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
and  conscientious  thought.  They  were  Clerk  of  Marion  county.  At  the  close  of 
yeai's  of  preparation  and  they  have  enabled  his  term  he  stood  as  a  candidate  for  ( !lerk, 
him  to  measure  up  fully  to  the  require-  received  the  nomination  without  trouble 
ments  of  his  high  station.  and    was   elected    bv    a    good    majority, 


210 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  county 
was  strongly  Democratic.  A  renomination 
was  offered  him,  but  he  declined  it.  The 
War  of  the  Rebellion  was  about  to  break 

out  and  Mr.  New  believed  he  could  serve 
his  country  better  in  any  other  capacity 
than  by  holding  a  lucrative  civil  office. 
Governor  Morton  had  already  recognized 
the  young  man's  executive  ability  and 
soundness  of  judgmenl  and  asked  him  to 
take  the  position  of  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral of  Indiana.  The  responsibilities  of 
the  office  were  very  heavy  and  the  amount 
of  detail  involved  in  equipping  and  sup- 
plying the  thousands  and  thousands  of 
troops  that  Indiana  furnished  was  some- 
thing em  irmi  >us.  Vast  sums  passed  through 
the  hands  of  Mr.  New  in  the  purchase  of 
these  supplies,  and  not  only  was  every 
penny  properly  accounted  for.  but  the  sup- 
plies were  purchased  by  means  of  contracts 
that  were  very  advantageous  to  the  State. 
Readers  of  this  history  are  already  famil- 
iar with  the  great  difficulties  and  embar- 
rassments Governor  Morton  met  with 
through  the  refusal  of  the  legislature  to 
appropriate  funds,  either  tor  the  equip- 
ment of  troops  or  for  carrying  on  the 
ordinary  functions  of  the  State  govern 
ment.  In  this  critical  period  Mr.  New 
was  the  closest  friend  and  adviser  of  the 
Governor,  and  much  of  Morton's  success 
in  carrying  on  the  State  government 
through  his  own  personal  exertions  and 
credit  was  due  to  Mr.  New's  aid  and  ad- 
vice. In  1862,  when  hut  thirty  years  of 
age,  he  was  elected  State  Senator  from 
Ma  lion  county  and  served  with  marked 
ability.  In  L865  he  purchased  a  large  in- 
terest in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Indi- 
anapolis and  served  successively  as  cashier, 
vice-president  and  treasurer.  The  hank 
was  a  great  and  prosperous  institution, 
and  the  tact  was  generally  recognized  that 
it-  strengthand  prosperity  was  due  largely 
to  his  ability  and  judgment.  During  this 
time  his  activity  in  politics  had  continued, 
though  he  had  no  thought  or  expectation 


of  ever  again  holding  a  public  office.  In 
L875,  however.  President  Grant,  to  Mr, 
Xew's  surprise,  offered  him  the  responsi- 
ble post  of  Treasure]' of  the  United  States. 
It  was  during  the  period  of  reconstruction 
and  of  the  refundment  of  the  National 
debt,  when  millions  of  greenbacks  were 
being  retired  and  when  the  office  of  Treas- 
urer was  not  old}-  one  of  great  responsi 
bility,  but  one  involving  an  enormous 
amount  of  executive  work  and  detail. 
Mr.  New  was  thoroughly  equipped  by  na- 
tive ability  and  long  experience  to  meet 
the  difficulties  of  the  position.  He  intro- 
duced a  new  system  of  accounts  that  has 
ever  since  been  followed  in  the  department, 
and  when  he  resigned  his  office  in  ls7<;  not 
a  single  error  was  found  to  have  crept  in. 
During  the  next  four  years  he  was  en- 
gaged in  private  business,  and  in  1880  he 
purchased  the  Indianapolis  Journal,  with 
whose  management  he  has  ever  since  been 
more  or  less  intimately  connected.  The 
Journal  was  a  losing  property,  financially, 
when  he  purchased  it.  hut  it  was  only  a 
year  until  the  balance  was  on  the  right 
side  of  the  ledger,  and  his  ability  and 
energy  were  as  successful  in  building  up 
this  property  as  they  bad  been  in  building 
up  the  hank.  In  this  same  year  he  was 
elected  chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
committee  and  guided  the  fortunes  of  the 
party  through  the  most  memorable  and 
most  closely  contested  campaign  that  has 
ever  heen  fought  on  Indiana  soil.  It  was 
during  this  campaign  that  be  flatly  de- 
clined an  offer  of  $200,000  in  the  way  of 
financial  assistance  from  the  National 
committee,  declaring  that  the  victory  was 
already  certain,  and  though  the  margin 
was  narrow,  the  result  justified  his  pre- 
diction. From  this  time  on.  tor  more  than 
twelve  years,  Mr.  New  was  one  of  the  most 
powerful  factors  in  every  National  con- 
vention that  was  held.  In  February,  L882, 
upon  the  urgent  invitation  of  President 
Arthur,  he  took  office  as  Assistant  Secrc- 
tary  of  the  Treasury,  and  administered  it 


OF    THE    STATE    (>F    INDIANA. 


•211 


ably  until  he  resigned  in  May.  1884.  In 
L884,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the 
State  committee,  he  again  assumed  tin- 
reins  as  chairman  and  made  a  magnificent 
fight.  In  Is"- s  he  took  charge  of  General 
Harrison's  canvass  for  the  nomination  and 
directed  the  Harrison  forces  with  great 
skill  through  the  preliminary  campaign 
that  was  to  determine  whether  Harrison 
or  Gresham  should  be  the  choice  of  the 
Indiana  Republicans.  His  victory  was 
complete,  but  the  greater  struggle  was 
still  ahead.  In  the  great  contest  in  the 
Chicago  convention  he  displayed  political 
generalship  of  the  highest  order,  and  it 
was  universally  acknowledged  that  to  him. 
more  than  to  any  other  human  being.  Gen- 
eral Harrison  owed  his  nomination.  The 
work  of  practical  politics,  arduous  and  ab- 
sorbing as  it  was.  did  not  prevent  him  from 
devoting  a  great  deal  of  time  to  the  conduct 
of  the  Journal,  and  under  his  administra- 
tion its  influence  was  National  in  its  scope. 
No  other  newspaper  in  the  United  States 
fought  so  vigorously  or  so  efficiently  for 
the  nomination  and  election  of  Harrison. 
One  of  the  first  appointments  made  after 
General  Harrison's  inauguration  was  that 
of  Mr.  New  to  the  office  of  Consul-Gen- 
eral of  the  United  States  at  London.  His 
administration  of  this  office  was  business- 
like, careful  and  thoroughly  creditable. 
At  the  time  of  the  convention  of  1892  he 
returned  to  take  charge  of  the  Harrison 
forces  at  Minneapolis  and  exhibited  the 
same  political  generalship  and  skill  that 
had  so  frequently  brought  success  in  the 
past.  After  his  retirement  from  office 
Mr.  New  returned  to  his  home  in  Indi- 
anapolis, aud  has  devoted  his  time  to  the 
care  of  his  various  large  interests  here. 
While  in  London  he  sold  the  controlling 
interest  of  the  Journal  to  his  son.  Harry 
S.  New. 

Mr.  New  was  first  married  to  Miss 
Melissa  Beeler.  of  Marion  county,  and  one 
son,  Harry  S.  New.  was  the  result  of  this 
union.      Some    years    after   her   death   he 


was  again  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
McKae.  of  Virginia,  a  woman  whose  high 
intelligence  and  graces  have  made  her  as 
much  of  a  leader  in  the  social  world  as 
hasher  husband  in  the  world  of  politics 
and  business.  They  have  two  daughters. 
Mrs.  W.  R.  McKeen,  Jr. ,  of  Terre  Haute, 
and  Miss  Rowena  New.  Unlike  most 
Americans  Mr.  New  lias  known  when  to 
quit  the  field  of  activity,  and  though  he 
is  able  to  count  confidently  on  many  years 
of  life,  he  regards  his  day's  work  in  the 
world  as  done,  and  is  living  in  Indianap- 
olis the  ideal  life  of  cultivated  ease  and 
dignity  that  ancient  writers  always  set  so 
much  store  by. 


S.   E.   KERCHEVAL. 

Samuel  Edward  Kekcheval  has  been 
for  years  one  of  the  prominent  leaders 
among  the  Republicans  of  Indiana.  Mr. 
Keivheval  was  born  December  31,  ls+7. 
near  Alexandria.  Campbell  county.  Ken- 
tucky. His  father.  Robert  T.  Kercheval. 
was  a  banker  of  French  Huguenot  extrac- 
tion. His  mother.  Anna  Maria  Silver- 
thorn,  was  from  an  old  Dutch  family  of 
Virginia.  Mr.  Kercheval's  parents  re- 
moved to  Rockport.  Indiana,  while  he  was 
still  a  child  and  he  was  educated  at  the 
common  schools  there.  He  began  life  as 
a  newsboy  and  at  seventeen  was  made 
Deputy  Treasure!'  of  Spencer  county. 
Then  for  five  years  he  edited  the  Rockport 
Journal  and  later  went  into  stock  farm- 
ing. His  father  had  been  an  ardent  "Whig 
aud  Republican  and  the  young  man  was 
from  his  earliest  years  an  ardent  believer 
in  the  Republican  party.  In  L876  he  was 
made  chairman  of  the  Spencer  county 
committee  and  in  1880  was  sent  as  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Republican  National  conven- 
tion and  it  is  doubtful  whether  there  has 
been  a  district  or  State  convention  since 
he  became  a  voter  that  he  has  not  attended 
as  a  delegate.  In  lssr,  he  was  elected  to 
the    legislature    and    made    an     excellent 


)K   THE    REPUBLICAN    1'AKTV 


&L 


x^. 


T 


record  in  that  body.  In  L889  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Attorney-General  Miller  as  ex- 
aminer of  accounts  and  served  in  this 
capacity  nearly  four  years.  In  1896  he 
was  made  a  member  of  the  State  commit- 
tee and  devoted  almost  his  entire  time  to 
the  work  of  the  campaign  in  that  year. 
leaving  his  private  business  and  going  to 
Indianapolis  to  act  as  a  member  of  the  sub- 
committee in  charge  of  campaign  details. 
In  March,  L897,  he  was  appointed  U.  S. 
Marshall  by  President  McKinley  and  is 
still  serving  in  this  office,  where  he  has 
displayed  an  executive  ability  that  has 
kept  the  office  in  better  shape  than  it  has 
been  for  years.  He  was  married  at  Rock- 
port,  Indiana,  in  L 869,  to  Miss  Cornelia 
Brown  and  they  have  two  children.  Mrs. 
L.  L.  hay.  of  St.  Louis,  and  Miss  Blanche. 
Socially,  Mr.  Kercheval  is  one  of  the  most 
delightful  of  men.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Columbia  and  Marion  (  Hubs  and  of  various 
secret  orders.  Straightforward  and  posi- 
tive   in    his    manner   his   success    in    both 


political  and  business  life  has  been  due  to 
his  unquestioning  devotion  to  his  work  and 
his  wide  knowledge  of  men  and  affairs. 


CHARLES  L.    HENRY. 

It  is  given  to  but  few  men  on  earth  to 
succeed  so  thoroughly  in  a  number  of  lines 
of  life  work  as  has  Hon.  Charles  L.  Henry. 
of  Anderson.  It  would  be  difficult  to  say 
whether  he  has  proven  himself  greater  in 
the  legal  profession,  in  statesmanship,  or 
in  the  conduct  of  large  business  affairs, 
but  certain  it  is  that  he  has  reached  great 
eminence  in  all 

Charles  Lewis  Henry  was  born  on  a 
farm  in  Hancock  county,  Indiana,  near 
the  town  of  Eden,  July  1.  1849.  His 
father.  George  Henry,  was  a  native  of 
Sligo,  Ireland,  who  came  to  this  country 
as  a  boy  and  settled  finally  in  Hancock 
county.  Before  migrating  to  Indiana, 
however,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Leah 
Lewis,  of  Greenbrier  county.  Virginia. 
In  LS52  they  removed  to  a  new  home  in 
the  suburbs  of  Pendleton,  where  they  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  their  death.  The 
boyhood  of  their  son  was  spent  at  the  old 
homestead,  where  he  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Pendleton  and  afterwards  en- 
tered the  literary  department  of  Asbury 
mow  DePauw)  University.  At  the  end 
of  his  sophomore  year  he  left  the  univer- 
sity and  began  the  study  of  law  in  the 
office  of  Judge  Hervey  Craven  at  Pendle- 
ton. Later  he  entered  the  law  depart- 
ment of  the  State  University  at  Blooming- 
ton,  where  he  graduated  in  1872.  Soon 
thereafter  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
formed  a  partnerseip  with  Judge  Craven, 
which  continued  until  L873,  when  it  was 
dissolved  on  account  of  the  election  of 
Judge  Craven  to  the  circuit  court  bench. 
Mr.  Henry  continued  the  practice  alone 
in  Pendleton  for  two  years  and  in  1*75 
removed  to  Anderson,  where  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Joseph  T.  Smith,  which 


OF   THE   STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


213 


continued  until  the  fall  of  L877,  when  Mr. 
Smith  removed  to  Kansas.  Mr.  Henry's 
great  abilities  as  a  thinker  and  a  logical 
talker  and  his  eternal  industry  sunn 
brought  him  to  the  front  at  the  bar.  and 
it  was  not  long  before  he  had  a  reputation 
as  a  lawyer  and  advocate  that  was  State 
wide.  With  the  discovery  of  natural  gas 
came  a  great  industrial  development  in 
Anderson  and  Madison  county.  Mr. 
Henry  was  among  the  forefront  of  those 
whose  activities  assisted  him  materially  in 
making  Anderson  the  great  industrial 
center  of  the  gas  belt,  and  it  was  not  long 
before  his  business  affairs  occupied  his  at- 
tention so  completely  as  to  compel  his 
retirement  from  the  practice  of  law.  He 
built  the  street  railroad  lines  of  Anderson 
and  conducted  them  profitably  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  Then  he  branched  out  into 
a  wider  tield  and  organized  the  great 
Union  Traction  Company  of  Indiana, 
which  now  includes  the  street  railway  lines 
of  Anderson,  Muncie,  Elwood.  Alexandria, 
Marion  and  other  gas  belt  cities,  with  in 
terurban  electric  lines  between  them .  He 
is  now  giving  his  whole  attention  to  the 
management  of  this  great  property. 

In  politics  Mr.  Henry  has  been  from 
the  start  an  ardent  Republican.  In  IS80 
he  was  nominated  for  the  State  Senate 
for  the  joint  district  of  Madison  and  Grant 
counties,  then  a  heavily  Democratic  dis- 
trict. Such  was  his  personal  popularity, 
however,  that  he  was  elected  and  served 
in  the  sessions  of  L881  and  L883.  Here 
he  was  easily  a  leader  of  the  Republican 
side  and  acquired  a  wide  reputation  by  his 
eloquence,  conservative  common  sense  and 
energy  in  the  support  of  measures  that 
appealed  to  him  as  right.  In  1892  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress  against  W.  I  >. 
Bynum  in  the  old  seventh  district,  com- 
posed of  Marion.  Madison  and  Hancock 
counties.  He  made  a  remarkably  active 
and  vigorous  campaign  and  it  proved  so 
effective  that  even  in  this  heavily  Demo- 
cratic district,  in  the   Democratic  vear  of 


1892,  lie  came  near  being  elected.      In  L894 

he  was  renominated  and  this  time  he  was 
elected.  In  Congress  his  ability  and  intel- 
ligence won  him  the  respect  of  his  col- 
leagues from  all  parts  of  the  country  and 
lie  was  an  effective  member  in  putting 
through  much  of  the  best  legislation  of 
that  ('ongress.  In  1896  he  was  renomi- 
nated and  re-elected  from  the  new  ninth 
district.  In  189S  the  Republicans  of  the 
district  would  have  gladly  returned  him 
to  ('ongress.  but  he  declined  a  renotnina- 
tion  in  order  that  he  might  devote  his  en- 
tire time  and  attention  to  the  affairs  of 
the  Union  Traction  Company. 

HENRY  (i.   THAYER. 

Away  back  in  1630  Richard  and  Thomas 
Thayer,  two  brothers  of  Braintree,  Essex 
county.  England,  came  over  with  a  colony 
from  their  native  town  and  assisted  in 
founding  the  town  of   Braintree,  Norfolk 


•>U 


HISTiiKY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


county.  Massachusetts.  They  traced  their 
lineage  back  to  Augustine  Thayer,  of 
Thaydon,  who,  through  the  favor  of  the 
king,  was  granted  a  patent  of  nobility. 
Among  the  descendants  of  these  Thayers 
was  James  Thayer,  a  captain  in  the  war  of 
1*1l'.  Captain  Thayer's  son.  Rev.  George 
H.  Thayer,  was  horn  in  Broome  county. 
New  York,  in  1807.  He  married  Miss 
Hannah  Griffin,  and  came  to  Indiana  in 
I  846.  He  still  lives  at  a  ripe  old  age  in  Ply- 
mouth. He  was  a  famous  minister  in  the 
Methodist  church  during  his  day  and  since 
his  retirement  has  for  many  years  preached 
more  or  less  and  continued  his  activity  in 
the  church  without  other  compensation 
than  the  feeling  that  he  was  doing  good. 
While  still  in  New  York  his  son.  George 
Henry  Thayer,  was  horn.  April  20,  ls:'>4. 
at  Euclid.  Onandaga  county.  The  boy 
had  been  attending  school  at  his  native 
town  under  competent  teachers.  He  came 
to  Indiana  with  his  parents  in  1*47.  They 
made  the  trip  from  Syracuse  to  Buffalo  on 
the  Erie  canal,  thence  on  Lake  Erie  to 
Toledo  and  thence  on  the  new  Wabash  and 
Erie  Railroad  to  Peru,  Indiana.  Peru  was 
then  a  small  but  active  trading  point  and 
they  resided  there  two  years,  removing  to 
Marshall  county  in  ls4!>.  The  education 
of  the  young  man  was  continued  and  sup- 
plemented by  a  course  in  the  Iron  City 
Commercial  College  at  Pittsburg,  from 
which  he  graduated  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three.  All  his  life  in  the  meantime  had 
not  been  spent  at  study.  He  taught  school 
one  term  in  Marshall  county  and  in  1851 
f ( mud  a  position  as  clerk  in  the  drug  store 
of  Henry  B.  Pershing  at  Plymouth.  He 
believed  he  was  not  suited  to  this  business 
and  became  confidential  clerk  and  book- 
keeper for  John  L.  Westervelt.  After 
five  years  of  service  here  he  took  his  com- 
mercial course  at  Pittsburg.  In  L859  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  X.  R.  Packard 
in  the  grocery  business  and  later  engaged 
in  the  dry  goods  business.  For  forty  years. 
however,    his    principal    occupation     has 


been  that  of  a  large  buyer  and  shipper  of 
grain.  He  was  engaged  for  many  years 
with  his  brother,  Hon.  John  D.  Thayer,  of 
Warsaw,  in  the  grain  business  at  Warsaw, 
Huntington  and  Bourbon.  Indiana,  and 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  he  is  still  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Bourbon  Elevator  ec  Milling 
Company.  The  firm  of  H.  G.  Thayer  & 
Co.  is  a  large  buyer  of  grain  all  through 
Northern  Indiana  and  adjoining  States. 
He  has  engaged  in  some  outside  enter- 
prises and  always  with  signal  success.  He 
is  president  of  the  Indiana  Novelty  Manu- 
facturing Company,  the  largest  plant  in 
the  world  for  the  manufacture  of  bicycle 
rims,  chain  guards,  etc.,  and  is  also  vice- 
president  of  the  State  Bank  of  Plymouth. 

Mr.  Thayer  made  two  trips  to  Europe,  in 
1883 and  1891,  and  after  his  second  journey 
wrote  a  brochure  on  the  countries  visited — 
Great  Britain.  Ireland.  France,  Italy. 
Switzerland.  Austria,  Prussia  and  Bel- 
gium. He  has  delivered  several  popular 
lectures  from  the  knowledge  thus  gained 
in  foreign  countries.  When  in  Rome  he 
visited  the  Marmatine  prison,  the  tradi- 
tional place  where  the  Apostle  Paul  was 
in  prison,  as  well  as  other  memorable 
places  with  which  the  great  preacher's 
name  is  associated.  His  lecture  on  St. 
Paul's  journey  to  Rome  has  been  delivered 
in  most  of  the  churches  in  Northern  Indi- 
ana for  the  benefit  of  the  churches  and 
has  received  the  wide  commendation  from 
press  and  pulpit. 

From  the  first  organization  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  Indiana  Mr.  Thayer  has 
taken  an  active  part  and  during  his  latter 
years  he  has  become  a  man  of  large  influ- 
ence in  the  party  councils  and  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Hoard  of  Education  in  the  city 
of  Plymouth  in  1^74.  For  six  years  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Republican  dis- 
trict committee  of  the  thirteenth  district 
and  has  frequently  presided  over  district 
conventions.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a 
Presidential  Elector,  voting  for  General 
Garfield  and  Chester  A.  Arthur.      In  lsss 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


1  1 . 


he  was  an  alternate  delegate  at  large  to 
the  Chicago  National  Republican  conven- 
tion and  contributed  his  work  and  influ- 
ence to  the  nomination  of  Harrison.  In 
L896  lie  headed  the  Republican  electoral 
ticket  of  Indiana  and  was  chosen  by  the 
State  electoral  college  to  deliver  the  vote 
of  Indiana  to  the  Vice-President.  He  was 
nominated  for  the  legislature  in  1872  and 
for  Congress  in  1884,  but  the  Republicans 
were  defeated  in  the  district  in  both  years. 
Such  offices  as  he  has  held  have  not  been 
through  his  personal  desire  but  in  response 
to  the  call  of  his  party.  In  1893  Mr. 
Thayer  was  appointed  by  Governor  Mai 
thews  as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  World's 
Fair  and  discharged  the  duties  of  his  posi- 
tion in  a  manner  eminently  creditable  to 
the  State. 

His  engaging  social  qualities  have  made 
Mr.  Thayer  a  man  of  great  popularity  and 
prominence  in  various  fraternal  organiza- 
tions. He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Odd 
Fellows  for  thirty  years,  having  been  Noble 
Grand  of  his  lodge  for  several  terms.  In 
1880— 8.1  he  was  Grand  Commander  of  the 
Knights  Templar  of  Indiana  and  has  tilled 
the  presiding  chair  of  all  the  various  sub- 
ordinate societies  of  Masonry.  He  took 
the  thirty-second  degree  of  the  Scottish 
Rite  at  Indianapolis  in  1876  and  in  IsTT  at 
Boston  was  elected  Sovereign  Grand  In 
spector-General  of  the  thirty-third  degree 
and  honorary  member  of  the  Supreme 
Grand  Council  of  the  Scottish  Rite  for  the 
Northern  Masonic  jurisdiction.  In  1878 
lie  received  the  degree  of  Royal  Order  of 
Scotland  at  Milwaukee  and  is  now  a  mem- 
berof  Murat  Councilof  the  Mystic  Shrine  at 
Indianapolis.  He  is  an  honorary  member 
of  tile  Masonic  Veterans'  Association  of  Illi- 
nois: of  the  Illinois  College  of  Inspectors- 
General,  thirty-third  degree.  Valley  of 
Chicago;  of  the  Ascalon  Commandery, 
Knights  Templar,  of  St.  Louis,  and  of  the 
Commanderies  of  Valparaiso  and  Frank- 
fort. Indiana.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the 
Grand  Encampment  of  the  United  States. 


Knights  Templar,  and  in  1883  was  elected 
honorary  member  of  the  Ancient  Ebor 
Preceptory.  York.  England.  He  has  held 
the  office  of  Grand  Patron  of  the  <  Irder  of 
the  Eastern  Star  of  Indiana  ami  Grand 
Marshal  of  the  (General  Grand  Chapter  of 
the  United  States. 

On  July  ;».  1856,  Mr.  Thayer  married 
Mary  E.  VanValkenburg  and  three  of  tin- 
six  children  that  were  born  to  them  still 
survive.  George  Henry  Thayer.  Jr..  a 
graduate  of  Cornell,  is  now  well  known  as 
a  business  man  of  high  standing  in  com- 
mercial and  manufacturing  circles.  He  is 
secretary  and  general  manager  of  the  In- 
diana Novelty  Manufacturing  Company. 
James  Wesley  Thayer  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Military  Academy  and  is 
now  general  manager  of  the  grain  busi- 
ness  of  H.  G.  Thayer  &  Co.  Their  daugh- 
ter, Mary  Angelica,  is  a  graduate  of  St. 
Mary's  College.  Indianapolis,  and  is  mar- 
ried to  William  H.  Young,  of  London. 
England,  now  treasurer  of  the  Indiana 
Novelty  Manufacturing  Company.  The 
family  is  one  of  the  mainstays  of  St. 
Thomas'  Episcopal  Church,  of  Plymouth, 
of  which  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thayer  have  heen 
members  for  thirty-three  years. 

As  will  be  noted  by  the  brief  mention 
of  evidence.  Mr.  Thayer  has  led  a  life  full 
of  activities  and  honors  and  he  is  rounding 
out  a  career  of  great  value  to  his  fellow- 
men,  living  quietly  at  his  magnificent 
home  in  Plymouth,  where  he  is  surrounded 
by  all  the  comforts  ami  luxuries  that  am- 
ple means  and  good  taste  can  suggest. 


EDGAR  H.   ANDRESS. 

Edgar  Herman  Andress  was  born  Oc- 
tober 6,  1842,  at  Bethlehem.  Pennsylvania. 
His  father  was  of  Spanish  ancestry  and  his 
mother  of  German  descent.  His  first  oc- 
cupation in  life,  after  finishing  his  school 
ing.  was  on  the  C.  B.  &  <().  R.  h\.  first  as 
a  trainbov.  and  working  along  in  the  line 


•210 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    l'AKTY 


of  promotion  to  train  baggageman,  when, 
in  1861,  he  filtered  the  army  and  served 
throughout  the  war.  At  the  close  of  the 
war.  in  1865,  he  came  to  LaFayette,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of 
ten  years  when  he  was  connected  with  the 
Murphy  Varnish  Company,  in  New  York. 
having  charge  of  their  railroad  business 
through  the  Eastern  and  Southern  States 
and  Canada.  He  returned  to  LaFayette 
late  in  1893  and  has  since  resided  there. 
The  only  political  office  he  has  ever  held 
was  that  of  Councilman  in  LaFayette. 
serving  four  years.  He  has  never  asked 
political  preferment,  hut  was  always  on 
hand  as  a  hard  and  faithful  worker,  ever 
ready  with  his  services  and  contributions. 
He  served  as  registry  clerk  in  the  State 
Senateof  1M»'.».  Upon  his  retirement  from 
the  Senate  he  was  appointed  Deputy  State 
Supervisor  of  Oil  Inspection,  which  office 
he  is  now  filling.  He  is  secretary  of  the 
LaFayette  Commercial  Club,  which  was 
organized  for  the  promotion  of  the  city's 
business  and  social  advancement  and  is 
considered  "the  right  man  in  the  right 
place."  He  is  largely  interested  in  the 
independent  telephone  business  and  is 
president  of  the  Carroll  Telephone  Com- 
pany and  also  the  president  of  the  Indi- 
ana Mutual  Telephone  Association,  a  State 
organization,  comprising  all  the  independ- 
ent plants  in  the  State  and  the  long  dis- 
tance lines.  He  was  its  first  president  and 
has  been  continued  in  this  office  ever  since. 
In  1870  he  was  married   to  Miss  Mary   E. 

W 1.  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Wood  of 

LaFayette.  Eight  children  were  horn  to 
them,  two  dying  in  the  spring  of  1879, 
and  six  still  living,  two  girls  and  four 
hoys.  He  is  an  active  member  in  the  Lin- 
coln Club,  purely  a  Republican  organiza- 
tion, and  the  LaFayette  Club,  a  social  and 
nonpartisan  club.  He  is  a  Scottish  and 
York  Kite  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  and 
Shriner.  and  Last  Eminent  Commander  of 
his  Commandery.  Since  1873,  up  to  the 
present  time,  with  the  exception  of  the  ten 


years  he  was  in  New  York,  he  has  been  a 
vestry  man  in  St.  John's  Church.  Episco- 
pal, for  a  long  time  serving  as  its  treas- 
urer. 


CHARLES  WESLEY  MILLER. 

The  prominence  in  Northern  Indiana 
of  Charles  'Wesley  Miller  and  his  leader- 
ship among  the  strong  Republicans  is  but 
a  small  reward  for  the  patient  struggle  of 
a  young  man  through  difficulties  of  no  in- 
considerable magnitude  to  the  present 
enviable  position  he  now  occupies  as  one 
of  the  most  prominent  and  able  lawyers 
of  Indiana,  as  well  as  that  of  a  man  of 
influence  in  the  counsels  of  his  party  and 
in  private  life. 

Mr.  Miller  was  born  on  a  farm,  near 
the  village  of  Galena,  in  Floyd  county, 
February  4,  lsfi3.  On  his  mother's  side 
of  the  family  his  ancestors  were  of  Eng- 
lish descent  and  settled  at  Cape  May,  New 
Jersey,  about  1800,  his  great  grandfather, 
Jacob  Garrison,  removing  to  Floyd  county. 
Indiana,  in  1817.  The  grandmother  of 
Charles  W.  Miller.  Experience  Smith,  a 
woman  of  remarkable  ability,  came  with 
her  father.  Jacob  Garrison,  in  1817,  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  years.  She  resided  in 
Floyd  county  from  that  date  until  Janu- 
ary. 1 898,  when  she  died  at  the  ripe  old  age 
of  ninety-seven  years.  Mr.  Miller's  ances- 
tors on  his  father's  side  were  of  good  Ger- 
man descent.  His  grandfather,  Jacob 
Miller,  removed  to  Floyd  county  from 
Pennsylvania  in  lsnT,  wresting  a  farm 
from  the  forest,  on  which  Jacob)  B.  Miller, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  born  in  1819,  and  he  has  always  re- 
sided in  Floyd  county.  Both  the  father 
and  mother  of  Charles  W.  Miller  are  still 
living,  having  celebrated  their  golden 
wedding  in   1891. 

Mr.  Miller  received  his  early  education 
at  the  country  district  school,  working  on 
the  farm  in  the  summer  time  until  be  be- 
came sixteen  years  of  age.  when  he  began 


r 


- 

7.  atthe 


s\ 


■ 


■ 
- 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


l'i; 


to  accumulate  money  enough  to  carry 
him  through  college,  by  teaching  in  the 
district  school  in  the  winter  and  selling 
books  and  fruit  trees  in  the  summertime. 
He  attended  a  private  school  at  Paoli, 
Indiana,  under  Prof.  W.  W.  Pinkhani. 
and  later  was  a  student  at  the  Ladoga 
Normal  School.  His  college  educatii  >n  was 
completed  at  the  University  of  Michigan, 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in 
the  law  department  in  1884.  Be  imme- 
diately began  the  practice  of  law.  forming 
a  partnership  with  John  H.  Binford  in 
Greenfield,  Indiana,  and  practicing  law 
in  that  city  until  January.  L885,  when  he 
removed  to  Goshen,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided and  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  When  Him.  John  H. 
Baker  was  appointed  to  the  Federal  bench 
in  March.  LS92,  Mr.  Miller  formed  a  law 
partnership  with  Francis  E.  Raker,  his 
son,  and  continued  with  him  in  the  prac- 
tice until  January  1st.  1899,  when  Francis 
E.  Baker  assumed  his  position  on  the  Su- 
preme bench  of  the  State  of  Indiana. 
The  firm  of  Baker  &  Miller  for  years  was 
interested  in  almost  every  law  suit  of  im- 
portance in  Elkhart  county  and  had  an 
extensive  practice  as  well  in  the  other 
counties  of  Northern  Indiana.  The  firm 
was  almost  uniformly  successful  for  the 
reason  that  it  settled  cases  out  of  court 
and  spared  no  time  or  energy  in  the  use- 
less contesting  of  cases  in  court  which 
should  he  settled  out  of  court.  .Mr.  Miller 
is  now  the  law  partner  of  Hon.  James  S. 
Drake,  for  many  years  a  resident  of  La- 
Grange,  and  one  of  the  prominent  lawyers 
of  Northern  Indiana. 

In  politics.  Mr.  Miller  is  not  a  man  who 
looks  for  reward  before  doing  favors  for 
his  party.  He  is  a  quiet,  though  indus- 
trious and  effective  party  worker.  He  has 
served  as  the  chairman  of  the  Elkhart 
county  Republican  central  committee  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee for  the  last  ten  years.  Mr.  Miller 
was  elected  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Goshen 


in  1888  and  served  for  two  years  with 
credit,  lie  was  at  thai  time  the  youngest 
Mayor  in  Indiana.  He  had  been  a  dele- 
gate to  all  the  Republican  State  conven- 
tions since  1S82,  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Republican  National  convention  which 
renominated  Harrison  in  1892. 

Mr.  Miller  was  married  in  June,  1887, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Elizaheth  Perkins  in  Goshen. 
Indiana.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Colum- 
bia Club  of  Indianapolis,  is  a  thirty-second 
degree  Mason.  Knight  Templar.  Mystic 
Shriner  and  a  member  of  the*  >rder  Knights 
of  Pythias. 

In  addition  to  carrying  on  his  extensive 
law  practice.  Mr.  Miller  is  interested  in 
several  large  commercial  enterprises.  He 
is  secretary  of  the  Lesh,  Prouty  ec  Abott 
Company,  of  East  Chicago.  Indiana,  one 
of  the  largest  walnut  companies  in  the 
world;  is  interested  in  the  Ariel  Cycle 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  Goshen;  is 
president  of  the  State  Bank  of  Goshen  and 
is  president  of  the  Goshen  Telephone  Com- 
pany. Mr.  Miller  is  a  director  in  the  Elk- 
hart&  Western  Railway  Company  and  also 
a  director  in  the  Michigan  branch  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway 
Company,  for  which  road  he  has  heen  at- 
torney in  Indiana  forthe  past  seven  years. 

Mr.  Miller  has  declined  the  Republican 
nomination  for  Congress  on  two  occasions. 
because  of  the  extensive  practice  of  law  in 
which  he  was  engaged. 


A I  A"  IN  T.    HERT. 

The  fact  that  Alvin  T.  Hert  has  become 
within  a  few  years  famous  the  country 
over  as  an  advanced  prison  reformer  and 
one  of  the  most  enlightened  and  success- 
ful prison  managers  of  the  country,  has 
surprised  nobody  more  than  it  has  Mr. 
Hert's  warm  political  friends  throughout 
the  State,  who  knew  him  only  as  a  parti- 
san Republican  worker  of  the  most  uncom- 
promising sort.  He  is  still  an  uncompro- 
mising partisan   Republican,  hut    he  sees 


218 


HISTORY    OK    THK    RKPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  this  nothing  to  prevent  liim  from  giv- 
ing the  prisons  in  his  charge  at  Jefferson- 
ville  the  benefit  of  his  very  besl  thought 
and  energies. 

Alvin  T.  Hert  is  the  descendant  of  an 
old  Virginia  family  that  migrated  from 
Prince  Edward  county,  in  that  State,  to 
Ciali  Orchard,  Ky..  in  the  last  century. 
His  grandfather  removed  from  Kentucky 
to  Owenshurg,  Green  county.  End.,  in 
1825.  Here  William  Hert  was  born,  the 
apprentice  of  a  blacksmith,  working  at 
this  trade  until  1856  when  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  business,  lie  was  married  in 
1846  to  Isabelle  Owen,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Owen,  also  a  native  of  Kentucky. 
Alvin  T.  Hert  was  their  youngest  son. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  was  given  a  short  course  in  the  Terre 
Haute  Commercial  College.  At  sixteen 
he  went  on  the  road  as  salesman  for  a 
Louisville  wholesale  house,  traveling  over 
the  State  of  Indiana.  He  continued  his 
work  as  a  traveling  salesman,  connected 
with  Cincinnati  and  Chicago  houses,  until 
1889,  when  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Harrison  the  Special  Agent  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  to  investigate  certain 
claims  arising  from  Indian  depredations. 
This  position  he  resigned  to  engage  in 
business  at  Brazil,  where  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful clothing  merchant,  and  organized 
an  ice  company  that  proved  a  prosperous 
concern. 

Mr  Bert's  first  vote  was  cast  in  1888, 
and  in  that  campaign  he  participated  with 
all  the  energy  and  enthusiasm  of  his  na- 
ture. From  that  time  mi  he  took  an  active 
interest  in  politics  :  was  frequently  a  dele- 
gate to  State  conventions  and  was  actively 
connected  witli  the  county  committee  of 
Clay  county.  In  1894  he  was  nominated 
and  elected  .Mayor  of  Brazil,  and  though  he 
had  t  here  a  very  disorderly  element  of  pop- 
ulation to  deal  with,  his  vigorous  admin- 
istration, carried  on  in  the  face  of  strong 
pressure  and  protest  from  his  own  party 
leaders,    made     Brazil    one    of    the    most 


lawabiding  cities  in  the  State.  In  the 
spring  of  1895  he  was  chosen  as  warden  of 
what  was  then  the  Southern  prison,  located 
at  Jefferson ville.  The  State  at  large  knew 
him  only  as  an  extremely  active  Republi- 
can politician,  and  the  general  tenor  of 
comment  upon  his  appointment  was  that 
this  important  place  had  been  turned  over 
to  the  politicians  as  a  hit  of  political  spoils. 
They  did  not  understand  Mr.  Hert  at  all. 
lie  took  the  responsibilities  of  his  new 
position  with  the  same  serious  intention  of 
doing  his  best  with  which  he  had  assumed 
the  control  of  the  city  of  Brazil,  and  ap- 
plied to  it  the  same  intelligence  and  energy 
that  had  marked  his  early  life.  It  was 
the  turn  of  the  politicians  next  to  be  sur- 
prised in  a  protest.  Mr.  Hert  had  looked 
the  country  over  to  find  the  best  and  most 
experienced  prison  manager  he  could  get, 
and.  when  he  found  him,  brought  him 
to  Jeffersonville  from  another  State  as 
assistant  warden.  Protests  of  the  politi- 
cians did  not  turn  him  in  the  least  from 
his  purpose  and  reform  after  reform  was 
introduced  At  bis  instigation  and  largely 
through  his  active  efforts  the  prison  re- 
form laws  of  1897  were  passed,  which 
converted  the  Jefferson  ville  institution 
into  the  Indiana  Reformatory.  By  the 
time  the  legislature  of  1899  came  in  the 
State  bad  come  to  appreciate  the  value 
of  Mr.  Hert's  efforts  and  he  met  with  no 
opposition  in  obtaining  further  aid  and 
appropriations  that  have  enabled  him  to 
make  the  institution  of  Jeffersonville  the 
model  prison  of  the  country.  It  is  now 
controlled  by  a  non-partisan  board  and  is 
managed  with  an  eye  single  to  the  reform 
of  the  young  men  committed  within  its 
walls.  The  system  of  discipline  and  the 
whole  method  of  stimulating  the  inmates 
to  industrious  habits,  to  education  and  to 
higher  lives  displays  the  result  of  the  most 
advanced  ideas  and  best  though!  of  the 
age  in  prison  reform.  His  work  has  been 
quickly  recognized,  not  only  in  Indiana 
hut  throughout  thecountry.     In  October, 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


219 


189S.  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Prison  Wardens,  a 
position  he  holds  at  present.  In  February, 
1899,  the  Board  of  Pauper  Institutions' 
Trustees  of  the  city  of  Boston  unanimously 
elected  him  superintendent  of  the  alius 
houses  of  that  city  at  a  salary  consider- 
ably in  advance  of  what  he  receives  as 
superintendent  of  the  Reformatory,  but 
at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the  Board  of 
Control  of  this  latter  institution  he  de- 
clined in  order  to  remain  at  Jeffersonville 
until  he  has  thoroughly  completed  the 
work  so  well  begun. 

November  20,  1883,  Mr.  Hert  was  mar- 
ried, at  Bedford,  to  .Miss  Sallie  A.  Aley, 
daughter  of  Calvin  R.  Aley.  Mrs.  Hert 
is  a  woman  of  high  capabilities  and  great 
refinement,  and  is  socially  very  popular  in 
Louisville  and  Jeffersonville.  Mr.  Hert 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  <  >rder,  Knights 
Templar,  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the 
Columbia  Club,  of  Indianapolis.  Not- 
withstanding, bis  very  serious  work  in 
life  he  is  a  man  of  sunny  and  genial  tem- 
perament and  has  a  wealth  of  kindly  good 
nature  that   makes   a   friend   of  everyone 

lie  meets. 

CHARLES  S.   KING. 

Hon.  Chaki.es  Sherman  Kikg  was 
born  September  14.  1865,  at  Wabash.  His 
father.  Thomas  W.  King,  is  a  retired  mer- 
chant and  banker  whose  ancestors  had 
come  from  Bavaria.  Germany,  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania.  His  mother.  .Jane  1). 
King,  was  a  descendant  of  a  prominent 
Irish  Protestant  family  that  migrated  to 
America  after  the  Irish  Rebellion  of  L79S. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
Yale  University,  where  lie  graduated  in 
the  class  of  l S S '. »  with  the  degree  of  B.  A. 
He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  McDonald, 
Butler  &  Snow,  of  Indianapolis,  until 
L890,  when  he  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  Cherokee  Indian  commission  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  Novembers,  L893, 
assisting  in  the    negotiations   for    Indian 


lands  in  Oklahoma  and  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory. In  LS92  he  was  married  at  Wabash 
to  Miss  Alma  Zeigler  and  they  have  two 
children.  Katharine  and  Josephine.  In 
L894  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Re- 
publican city  committee  of  Wabash  and 
has  been  sent  as  a  delegate  to  every  State 
convention  since.  In  L89S  he  was  chosen 
as  the  representative  of  Wabash  county 
in  the  legislature  and  there  made  an 
excellent  record  as  a  conservative  and 
level-headed  member.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Columbia  Club  of  Indianapolis  and 
of  the  Knio-hts  of  Pythias. 


JAMES    E.    WATSON. 

The  (-lod-given  power  to  sway  multi- 
tudes of  men  by  the  sound  of  the  human 
voice,  to  arouse  in  them  noble  ideals  and 
high  motives,  to  sway  them  to  angry  in- 
dignation or  to  triumphant  enthusiasm,  is 
given  hut  to  few  men  and  of  these  few  in 
Indiana  none  possesses  it  to  a  higher  de- 
gree than  James  E.  Watson.  Added  to 
to  this  he  has  the  courage  and  staying 
qualities  that  make  him  one  of  the  lead- 
ing factors  in  Indiana  politics. 

James  Eli  Watson  was  born  November 
2,  1864,  at  Winchester,  Indiana,  the  son 
of  Enos  L.  Watson,  a  well  known  lawyer 
of  that  city.  He  was  thoroughly  educated, 
taking  a  course  at  the  Winchester  High 
School  and  later  at  DePauw  University, 
where  oratory  is  cultivated  to  a  greater 
extent  than  at  any  other  college  in  the 
country.  He  was  prominent  in  college 
politics  and  there  displayed  the  genial 
good  fellowship  and  qualities  of  leadership 
that  have  since  helped  to  make  him  fa- 
mous. Upon  graduation  he  began  the 
practice  of  law  with  his  father  at  Win- 
chester and  immediately  became  active  in 
the  politics  of  his  native  county.  His  first 
appearance  in  State  politics  was  in  lvi'. 
when  he  was  named  as  a  Presidential 
Elector  on  the  Republican  ticket.  In  1893 
he  removed  to  Rushville,  where  he  began 


HISTORY    (>K    TIIK    RKITBI.H   AN     PARTY 


the  practice  of  law  with  Hon.  L.  I  >.  Guffin 
and  Hon.  Gates  Sexton.  Later  this  part- 
nership was  dissolved  and  the  firm  is  now 
Watson,  Martin  &  Megee.  They  enjoy 
one  of  tin-  best  practices  in  Rush  county. 
In  the  spring  of  LS94  Mr.  Watson  was 
a  candidate  for  the  nomination  of  Secre- 
tary of  State.  Never  in  the  history  of 
Indiana  polities  was  such  preliminary  can- 
vass for  nominations  made  as  in  that  year. 
Aspirants  toured  the  Stale  and  made 
speeches  everywhere  before  the  convention 
was  held.  Watson  was  practically  un- 
known outside  of  his  own  county  before  the 
canvass  began,  but  before  it  was  over  he 
was  one  of  the  best  known  men  of  the  State 
and  when  the  great  contest  came  in  the 
convention  he  stood  second  among  a  large 
field  of  candidates  and  came  within  a  very 
few  votes  of  capturing  the  nomination. 
Later  in  the  spring  he  attended  the  district 
convention  of  the  fourth  district,  which 
had  been  represented  for  years  by  W.  S. 
Holman  and  was  regarded  then,  as  now. 
as  the  most  unchangeable  Democratic  dis- 
trict in  Indiana.  There  were  three  or  four 
candidates  for  the  nomination  and  the  race 
between  them  seemed  to  be  close.  Wat- 
son was  chosen  as  chairman  of  the  conven- 
tion and  made  a  speech  whose  eloquence 
captivated  the  convention  thoroughly  and 
when  it  came  to  the  balloting  they  turned 
to  Watson  with  a  surprising  degree  of 
unanimity  and  the  young  man  who  had 
come  to  the  convention  simply  as  a  spec- 
tator, without  any  notion  of  participating 
in  the  contest  at  all.  came  away  the  can- 
didate of  the  party.  His  canvass  of  the 
district  forelection  vvaseven  more  remark- 
able than  his  nomination.  lie  spoke  in 
every  township  and  personally  met  and 
shook  hanks  with  thousands  and  thousands 
of  voters.  When  the  votes  were  counted 
out  and  it  was  found  that  Holman"s  long 
career  in  Congress  was  ended,  the  Demo 
crats  throughout  the  country  were  fully 
prepared  for  the  end  of  the  world.  Wat- 
son would  have  been   renominated  at  the 


close  of  his  term  with  ease,  and  would 
doubtless  have  been  re-elected,  but  the 
legislature  of  L8!)5  transferred  Rush  county 
to  the  sixth  district,  a  strong  Republican 
district,  and  one  that  is  in  the  habit  of 
keeping  its  Representative  in  Congress 
during  his    lifetime,    if  he  cares    to  stay 

there. 

Henry  Q.  Johnson  was  serving  as  its 
Representative.  He  is  a  man  of  great  na- 
tive ability  and  rugged  integnt)  and  had 
given  entire  satisfaction  to  the  constitu- 
ency of  the  district.  Notwithstanding 
these  odds  against  him  Watson  entered  the 
race.  and.  after  one  of  the  most  exciting 
struggles  known  in  the  history  of  the 
State,  was  defeated  torthe  Domination  by  a 
very  close  majority.  In  1898  he  was  uni- 
versally the  choice  of  the  Republicans  of 
the  sixth  district  for  Congress  and  was 
nominated  without  opposition  and  tri- 
umphantly elected. 

Naturally  a  man  of  such  genial  tem- 
perament is  much  sought  after  by  various 
fraternities  and  Mr.  Watson  is  a  member 
of  the  -Masons.  Red  Men  and  Knights  of 
Pythias,  in  which  latter  order  he  has  been 
prominent  for  a  number  of  years,  being 
the  Past  Grand  Chancellor  of  the  State. 

He  was  married  in  December,  1893,  to 
Miss  Flora  Miller,  and  their  happy  home 
in  Rushville  is  blessed  with  two  bright 
children. 


ELMER   CROCKETT. 
Ei.mkr   Crockett  is  a  native  of  St. 

Joseph  county.  Indiana,  and  the  fifty-one 
years  of  his  life  have  all  been  spent  there. 
He  is  a  descendant  of  the  famous  Ken- 
tucky pioneer,  Davy  Crockett,  his  father. 
Shellim  Crockett,  belonging  to  one  of  the 
old  and  prominent  families  of  the  Lexing- 
ton region.  At  an  early  day  the  latter 
emigrated  to  Ohio,  where,  at  New  Paris, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Louise  Ireland. 
Soon  afterward,  in  the  year  1831,  they 
settled  in  St.  Joseph  comity  and  Septem- 
ber   1.    1-^4  4.  records   the   birth  of   the  -on. 


C^Jrr^Ur  /&Tv-c^<iA<^ 


HISTORY    <>K    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Elmer,  on  a  wilderness  farm  not  far  from 
Mishawaka.  The  mother  died  in  lsfs 
and  during  that  year  the  family  removed 
to  South  Bend.  That  flourishing  and 
beautiful  city  was  then  but  a  struggling 
wildwoods  hamlet  of  less  than  one  thou- 
sand souls.  Here  Mr.  Crockett  ^ivw  to 
manhood  and  became  identified  with  the 
business  interests  of  the  place  before  he 
reached  his  majority,  with  which  he  has 
been  prominently  associated  from  that 
time  until  now.  He  obtained  a  good  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  and  semi- 
nary of  the  town.  and.  when  twenty  years 
of  age,  went  to  the  defense  of  his  coun- 
try, during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  as 
a  member  of  the  138th  Indiana  Infantry. 
Returning  to  his  old  home,  he  learned  the 
art  of  printing  in  the  office  of  the  Misha- 
waka Enterprise.  Later  lie  became  fore- 
man of  the  South  Bend  Register  office 
while  the  late  Vice-President  Schuyler 
Colfax  was  proprietor  of  the  institution. 
In  a  few  years,  in  connection  with  his 
brother-in-law,  the  late  Alfred  B.  Miller, 
one  of  Indiana's  most  gifted  journalists, 
and  A.  Beal,  he  purchased  the  office. 

In  1872  Crockett  and  Miller  retired 
from  the  Register  and  established  the 
South  Bend  Tribune,  now  one  of  the  lead- 
ing journals  of  the  State.  The  Tribune 
Printing  Company  was  formed  and  Mr. 
Miller  served  as  president  of  it.  with  Mr. 
Crockett  as  vice-president  and  superin- 
tendent. Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Miller,  in 
1892,  Mr.  Crockett  became  president  and 
business  manager  of  the  company.  In 
L888  he  was  appointed  by  President  Har- 
rison Postmaster  of  South  Bend  and  he 
made  a  most  popular  and  efficient  public 
official,  serving  his  full  four  years  with 
marked  ability,  introducing  many  reforms 
in  the  conduct  of  his  office  which  were 
highly  commended  by  the  Department. 
He  now  devotes  his  entire  time  to  the  ex- 
tensive business  of  the  Tribune  Company. 

lie  has  heen  very  prominent  in  the  Ma- 
sonic Order  and  was  Grand  High  Priest  of 


the  Grand  Chapter  of  Indiana  during  the 
years  1889-90. 

Mi-.  Crockett  is  an  unswerving  Repub- 
lican in  politics  and  from  his  youth  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  political  affairs 
of  the  city,  county  and  State.  He  is  a 
man  of  most  excellent  judgment  and  his 
advice  is  always  sought  after  in  party 
councils.  In  L898  he  was  chosen  a  niem- 
ber  of  the  State  committee  and  is  still 
serving  on  that  body.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub 
lie  has  served  as  Commander  of  Auten 
Post,  No.  8,  of  South  Bend,  and  was  Senior 
Vice  Department  Commander  during  the 
year  L896.  He  is  prominent,  also,  in  re- 
ligious circles,  is  a  member  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  South  Bend,  one 
of  the  ruling  elders  and  superintendent  of 
its  Sabbath  school,  as  well  as  president  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Crockett  is  a  model  citizen 
in  every  respect.  Thoroughgoing  in  busi- 
ness, of  an  even,  genial  temperament, 
happy  in  his  domestic  relations,  public 
spirited,  taking  an  active  interest  in  every- 
thing that  will  add  to  the  prosperity  of  the 
city,  he  enjoys  the  esteem  and  respect  of 
all  classes  in  the  community,  and  there 
are  none  who  do  not  know  him. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1S6*.  to  Anna  Miller,  daughter  of 
another  pioneer  of  the  city,  the  late  Sheriff 
B.  F.  Miller.  Of  their  five  children  hut 
two  are  living:. 


GENERAL  JOHN  COBURN. 

General  .John  Coburn  was  horn  in 
Indianapolis.  October  -_'7.  l^-Jo.  the  son  of 
Henry  P.  P.  and  Sarah  Malott  Coburn. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts 
and  his  mother  was  from  Kentucky.  He 
has  resided  at  Indianapolis  always,  except 
when  absent  upon  public  business.  The 
most  of  his  education  was  obtained  in  the 
schools  and  County  Seminary  of  Indian- 
apolis,   where  he    acquitted    himself   as  a 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


■2-1?, 


thorough  and  accurate  student.  He  en- 
tered the  junior  class  of  Wabash  College 
in  l8-t4and  graduated  with  honor  in  L846. 

He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  year 
1849,  under  the  <>ld  constitution,  when  ex- 
aminations were  severe  and  thorough.  He 
served  as  a  Representative  in  the  legisla- 
ture of  L851,  and  took  an  active  and 
prominent  part.  He  practiced  law  in  Ma- 
rion and  adjoining  counties  until  elected 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in 
1859.  He  was  on  the  Whig  electoral 
ticket  in  1852,  in  the  Scott  campaign.  In 
the  spring  of  this  year  he  was  married  to 
Carolina  Test,  daughter  of  Hon.  Charles 
H.  Test.  In  September.  1861,  he  resigned 
his  position  as  Judge  and  volunteered  in 
the  Thirty-third  regiment  of  Indiana  Vol- 
unteei's,  being  appointed  Colonel.  In  a 
few  days  the  regiment  reported  to  General 
Anderson  at  Louisville  and  went,  under 
orders,  to  Camp  Dick  Robinson,  in  Ken- 
tucky. Very  soon  he  marched  to  Camp 
Wildcat,  in  a  rugged  mountain  region, 
southeast  of  Crab  Orchard.  On  the  21st 
of  October,  1861,  the  regiment  took  part 
in  the  battle  of  Wildcat  with  the  forces 
under  General  Zollicoffer,  bearing  the 
brunt  of  the  action.  This  was  the  first 
conflict  on  Kentucky  soil  and  the  first 
fight  of  the  Army  of  the  ( )hio.  afterward 
the  Cumberland.  The  enemy  made  the 
attack,  was  repulsed  and  retreated.  He 
remained  in  command  of  his  regiment 
until  the  next  spring,  and  was  then  or- 
dered to  take  command  of  a  brigade  in 
Southeastern  Kentucky  and  East  Tennes- 
see. In  the  winter  of  1862—63  his  brigade 
was  encamped  in  Central  Kentucky,  and 
in  February  went,  under  orders,  to  Ten- 
nessee. Here  he  was  actively  engaged  at 
the  front,  but  was.  with  a  part  of  his  com- 
mand, on  the  5th  of  March,  1863,  cap- 
tured by  General  Van  Horn,  after  a  des- 
perate fight  with  overwhelming  numbers, 
at  Thompson's  Station,  in  Central  Tennes- 
see.     Relying  on  the  positive  information 


of  his  commanding  officer  that  but  a  small 
force  was  in  front,  be  advanced  t<>  such  a 
position  and  so  disposed  of  his  forces  that 
he  could  not  retreat  without  a  general  en- 
gagement, and  thus  enabled  the  enemy  to 
get  a  heavy  force  in  his  rear,  driving 
away  his  ammunition  train  and  cutting 
off  retreat.  He  remained  a  captive  two 
months,  and  was  on  the  5th  of  May.  1863, 
exchanged,  and  soon  after  returned  to  his 
former  command  and  entered  upon  active 
duty.  He  continued  in  service  with  the 
army  of  the  Cumberland  in  Tennessee  and 
Georgia.  His  brigade  did  memorable  duty 
in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  at  Resaca,  Cass- 
ville.  New  Hope  Church.  Gulp's  Farm. 
Peach  Tree  Creek  and  Atlanta.  In  com- 
mand of  a  reconnoissance  in  force  he  first 
advanced  into  Atlanta,  and  to  him  the 
Mayor  attempted  to  surrender  the  city,  so 
far  as  a  civilian  could  do  so.  while  the 
Rebel  brigade,  in  the  city,  fled  for  safety 
out  of  it.  He  was  brevetted  Brigadier 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in 
this  campaign.  He  never  sought  promo- 
tion, and  regarded  it  as  imposing  the  most 
serious  and  burdensome  responsibilities 
upon  the  recipient  of  this  honor.  Return- 
ing home  he  resumed  his  old  profession,  but 
was  surprised  by  his  appointment  as  the 
first  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Montana. 
in  the  spring  of  1S65.  This  honor  heat 
once  declined.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was 
elected,  without  opposition,  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  for  Marion  and  Hendricks 
counties,  and  served  in  this  office  until 
nominated  for  Congress,  in  1866,  when  he 
resigned  immediately,  taking  the  stump 
as  a  candidate.  He  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress foui'  times  in  succession,  serving 
continuously  until  the  oth  of  March.  lv7-">. 
He  was.  while  a  member,  active  and  effi- 
cient in  the  committee  room  and  on  the 
floor,  taking  part  in  many  debates,  being 
a  ready  and  fluent  speaker  and  an  accu- 
rate and  capable  man  of  affairs.  His 
term  in  Congress  expired  in  March.  IS75. 
He  had  been  defeated   at    the   election    the 


22  J 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


previous  fall,  when  the  hostility  engen- 
dered by  the  temperance  crusade  and  the 
passage  of  the  Baxter  liquor  law  swept 
like  a  hurricane  the  Republican  party  in 
Indiana  out  of  power,  and  the  temperance 
movement  was  checked,  the  only  practical 
result  being'  their  defeat  and  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Democratic  partyupon  a  van- 
tage ground  they  have  never  lost.  In 
1  s7n  he  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  ( !on- 
gress,  and  in  1880  for  Governor.  Since 
his  retirement  from  Congress  he  has  prac- 
ticed law  at  Indianapolis,  except  while  ab- 
sent on  public  business,  as  the  United  States 
Commissioner  at  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas, 
and  as  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Montana.  The  labors  of  adjudicating  the 
numerous  conflicting  claims  of  the  set- 
tlers at  Hot  Springs  occupied  about  two 
years,  and  were  closed  in  December,  L879. 
He  served  for  a  term  as  School  Commis- 
sioner of  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  and  car- 
ried through  a  measure,  after  a  long 
struggle,  providing  for  manual  labor  cul- 
ture for  girls  in  cutting,  fitting  and  making 
dresses,  the  first  experiment  of  the  kind 
in  the  free  schools.  It  was  in  advance  of 
the  times,  and  when  he  resigned  it  was  re- 
pealed. But  the  ice  was  broken  and  man- 
ual labor  has  found  in  noble  style  its  place 
in  this  system.  He  was.  in  the  early  pail 
of  the  year  lss4.  appointed  one  of  the  Su- 
preme Judges  of  the  Territory  of  Montana. 
He  accepted  the  office  and  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  his  duties  in  April  of 
that  year.  He  found  the  dockets  crowded 
with  business,  the  courts  in  his  district 
having  been  suspended  over  a  year.  The 
jails  were  full  of  criminals  and  the  people 
were  clamoring  for  the  trial  of  civil  causes. 
He  went  vigorously  to  work  and  cleared 
off  the  dockets  by  his  incessant  labors, 
night  anil  day.  In  the  fall  of  lss4  the 
members  of  the  bar  insisted  on  three 
weeks'  vacation  to  engage  in  the  political 
canvass.  Seeing  that  nothing  could  be 
done,  lie  adjourned  court,  and.  returning 
t<>  Indiana,  took  the  stump  for  Mr.   Blaine 


for  President,  refusing  to  take  part  in  poli- 
tics in  Montana.  This  was  enough  to 
furnish  Mr.  Cleveland  and  his  other  politi- 
cal enemies  in  power  in  Indiana  cause  to 
secure  his  removal  in  December,  1885. 
But  the  record  he  made  for  vigor,  activity. 
promptness  and  justice  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties  will  not  soon  be  forgotten  in 
Montana.  He  at  once  returned  to  Indiana 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  which  he  is  still  actively  engaged.  In 
addition  to  his  professional  and  official  life 
he  has  found  time  to  engage  in  many 
matters  of  public  interest  as  a  citizen.  He 
is  always  ready  with  pen  and  tongue  to 
to  aid  in  a  worthy  cause  and  encourage 
good  work,  turning  aside  gladly  from  the 
practice  of  his  profession  to  take  part  in 
public  progress.  His  published  speeches 
and  orations  would  til  1  a  volume,  and  will 
compare  well  with  the  contemporaneous 
productions  of  a  similar  character.  He 
is  in  great  demand  as  a  political  speaker 
in  Indiana  and  in  other  States.  He  is  well 
qualified  for  the  lecture  Held.  His  vigor 
and  strength  are  unabated,  and  he  spends 
his  days  in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
leading  the  life  of  a  plain,  unassuming 
citizen. 


A.  L.  BRICK. 

If  a  higher  order  of  ability,  lofty  mo- 
tives and  an  intense  energy  count  for  any- 
thing in  Congress  Hon.  A.  L.  Brick,  the 
new  member  of  the  Indiana  delegation. 
is  sure  to  come  to  the  front  and  make  for 
himself  a  name  to  he  known  throughout 
tlie  country. 

Abraham  Lincoln  Brick  was  born  May 
27,  L860,  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Warren 
township.  St.  Joseph  county,  Ind.  His 
father,  William  W.  Brick,  was  a  man  of 
English-Scotch  descent,  who  migrated 
from  New  Jersey  to  Indiana  while  St. 
Joseph  county  was  still  a  wilderness. 
There  lie  married  Elizabeth  Calvert,  a 
young  woman  of  Kjiglish  stock,  whose 
parents  had  migrated  from  Grermantown, 


OK    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


225 


Pa.,  to  join  the  colony  of  hardy  pioneers 
who  were  fast  changing  the  forests  of  St. 
Joseph  county  into  fertile  farms.  With 
industry  and  perseverance  the  young  peo- 
ple went  about  their  life  work  until  mid- 
dle age  found  William  Brick  in  good  cir- 
cumstances, with  a  fine  farm  and  money 
in  hank.  Their  son  was  educated  in  the 
district  schools,  and  when  he  had  finished 
with  them  his  father  retired  from  the  farm 
and  removed  to  South  Bend.  There  the 
boy  was  sent  through  the  graded  school 
and  high  school,  and  later  went  to  Cornell 
University  :  he  took  a  year  there  and  a  year 
at  Yale.  His  close  application  to  his  work 
had  sapped  his  health,  and  under  the  ad- 
vice of  a  physician  he  went  to  Kansas 
where  he  worked  for  a  year  in  the  open 
air  on  a  ranch,  going  through  the  exhil- 
arating experiences  of  a  cowboy.  Brawn 
and  muscle  returned  with  this  life  under 
t  In ■  1  >lue  sky  and  shining  sun  of  the  prairies. 
Returning  again  to  Ins  books  he  entered 
the  University  of  Michigan,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  high  standing  in  lssi.  Im- 
mediately thereafter  he  opened  a  law  office 
in  South  Bend,  where  he  has  practiced  con- 
tinuously and  successfully  ever  since.  He 
undertook  no  partnership,  hut  made  his 
way  alone.  His  industry  in  the  thorough 
preparation  of  his  cases  and  his  ability  as 
an  advocate  soon  attracted  attention,  and 
it  was  but  a  few  years  until  he  began  to 
number  among  his  clients  many  of  the 
great  manufacturing  institutions  of  South 
Bend.  Probably  the  greatest  case  in 
which  he  was  engaged  was  the  famous 
Reynold's  will  case,  in  which  he  was  asso- 
ciated with  Hon.  A.  C.  Harris,  and  they 
secured  a  verdict  of  nearly  $1,000,000. 
Mr.  Brick  was  active  in  politics,  locally, 
from  the  time  he  began  the  practice  of  law. 
In  LS86  he  accepted  the  nomination 
for  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  district 
then  composed  of  St.  Joseph  and  Pa  Porte 
comities.  It  was  a  forlorn  hope,  for  both 
counties  were  very  heavily  Democratic, 
and  in  the  election  returned    Democratic 


majorities  in  the  neighborhood  of  1,500. 
Such,  however,  was  Mr.  Brick's  personal 
popularity  and  the  effectiveness  of  bis 
campaign  that,  notwithstanding  the  heavy 
defeat  of  his  party  on  the  general  ticket 
in  both  counties,  he  pulled  through  by  a 
majority  of  six  votes,  and  administered 
the  office  with  great  ability  for  the  next 
two  years.  In  1S92  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  committe  by  the  conven- 
tion of  the  thirteenth  district,  and  imme- 
diately attracted  the  attention  of  the 
party  leaders  in  the  State  by  his  sound 
judgment  and  executive  ability.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  St.  Louis 
convention,  representing  the  thirteenth 
district.  In  1898  the  Republicans  of  St. 
Joseph  county  and  other  portions  of  the 
district  insisted  upon  putting  him  forward 
for  the  Congressional  nomination,  and 
while  he  fully  appreciated  the  very  high 
compliment  and  honor  he  was  ever  loath 
to  leave  the  splendid  law  practice  he  had 
built  up.  and  he  relunctantly  yielded  to 
their  arguments  and  desires.  The  strug- 
gle in  the  convention  was  a  memorable 
one.  but  the  popularity  of  Air.  Brick  car- 
ried all  before  him. 

Without  having  finally  made  up  his 
mind  to  go  into  the  race  until  within  about 
two  weeks  before  the  convention  met — 
long  after  other  candidates  had,  by  their  ef- 
forts among  delegates,  made  it  seemingly 
impossible  for  such  a  late  comer  to  succeed 
— he  was  triumphantly  nominated  after  a 
short  struggle.  He  made  a  campaign  of 
remarkable  vigor  throughout  the  district 
and  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  over 
2,500. 

Mr.  Brick  was  married  November  11. 
1S84-,  to  Miss  Anna  Meyer,  daughter  of 
Godfrey  Meyer,  a  prominent  citizen  of 
St.  Joseph  county,  and  they  have  one 
child,  a  little  girl  of  nine  years.  Their 
home  is  the  center  of  a  brilliant  social 
circle  and  the  refuge  of  a  happy  domestic 
lite.  Mr.  Brick  is  a  member  of  the  Indi- 
ana Club,  Commercial  Athletic  Club,  Free 


226 


HISTORY    OF    TDK    RKPUBLICAX    PARTY 


Masons  and  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  nat- 
urally a  man  of  such  qualities  is  in  much 
demand  in  social  organizations.  While 
devoting  his  time  and  attention  to  the 
law  lie  has  been  the  invester  of  rare  judg- 
ment and  is  largely  interested  in  the  South 
Bend  Land  Company  and  the  Indiana 
Street  Railway  Company. 


FRANCIS  T.   ROOTS. 

It  so  happens  that  towns  and  cities,  and 
even  nations,  have  reputations,  good  or 
bad,  according  to  the  good  or  bad  reputa- 
tion of  their  inhabitants.  It  is  an  old 
aphorism,  "Like  people,  like  king,"  or 
"Like  king,  like  people,"  and  it  does  no 
violence  to  the  philosophy  which  maxims 
teach  to  say,  "Like  people,  like  town," 
and  in  this  regard  the  city  of  Connersville, 
in  Fayette  county,  Indiana,  is  conspicu- 
ously fortunate.  In  an  early  day,  in  the 
history  of  the  town,  it  became  the  residence 
of  Mr.  Alanson  Roots,  the  grandfather  of 
Francis  T.  Roots,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  His  father  was  Philander  H. 
Roots,  a  business  man  and  scholar  pos- 
sessed of  energy  and  integrity,  public 
spirit  and  always  abreast  of  this  age  of 
science  and  progress.  Francis  T.  repre- 
sents the  third  generation  of  the  family 
in  Connersville,  and  while  fealty  to  fact 
might  make  it  questionable  to  affirm  that 
he  stands  at  the  head  of  the  name  in  Con- 
nersville, it  is  nevertheless  true  that  in  his 
career  the  family  name  has  lost  nothing  of 
good  report  of  which  it  might  rightfully 
boast.  His  father  was  a  manufacturer  of 
woolen  goods  in  Connersville,  an  inventor 
and  a  banker.  He  was  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Connersville,  and  its  president  from  1872 
to  1879.  He  was  also  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  Connersville  Hydraulic 
Company,  of  which  he  was  president  from 
1865  to  1879.  He  was  also  a  Christian 
gentleman,  and  was  one  of  the  founders 


of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Connersville.  in  which  he  occupied  the 
honorable  position  of  trustee  and  elder  till 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1879.  It  is 
seen  that  his  son,  Francis  T.,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  in  1857,  in- 
herited not  only  riches  but  a  good  name. 
His  education  began  in  the  city  schools  of 
Connersville,  and  was  completed  in  dick- 
ering Institute,  Cincinnati.  <  )hio,  where  lie 
displayed  exceptional  intellectuality,  mak- 
ing such  progress  that  he  won  two  gold 
medals,  one  for  mathematics  and  one  for 
science;  besides,  he  was  valedictorian  of 
his  year.  The  profession  of  law  fascinated 
him,  and  he  began  reading  for  active  prac- 
tice under  Snow  &  Kumler,  Cincinnati, 
and  also  attended  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School.  ( >wing  to  his  father's  death,  he 
was  required  to  leave  Cincinnati  and  enter 
into  active  business  life  in  his  native  town. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank 
at  Connersville,  a  position  of  responsibility, 
and  requiring  financial  acumen.  His  busi- 
ness interests  rapidly  increased  in  magni- 
tude, demanding  more  and  more  of  his 
thought  and  time.  Mr.  Roots  was  a  stu- 
dent of  that  philosophy  which  John  How- 
ard Payne  wove  into  his  immortal  song 
of  "Home,  Sweet  Home,"  and  on  Novem- 
ber 11,  1880,  he  married  Miss  Sallie  Heil- 
man,  daughter  of  Hon.  William  Heilman. 
Congressman,  of  Evansville,  Ind.  Having 
settled  this  important  alliance,  Mr.  Roots. 
with  more  resolute  energy  than  ever,  em- 
barked in  business  affairs,  which,  in  his 
care,  moved  steadily  forward,  bringing 
success  and  large  accumulations  of  wealth. 
He  became  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  in  1892,  also  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  P.  H.  &  F.  M.  Roots  Company.  In 
addition,  he  became  president  of  the  Con- 
nersville Hydraulic  Company,  and  holds 
large  interests  in  the  Connersville  Buggy 
Company,  the  Connersville  Furniture  Com- 
pany,   Roots   &   Barrows    Company,    the 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


Natural  Gas  Company,  and  a  number  of 
other  business  enterprises  requiring  capital 
and  business  energy. 

Sinre  1888  Mr.  Roots  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Triple  Sign  Company,  hav- 
ing the  ability  to  see  that  an  investment 
properly  managed  would  yield  large  re- 
turns from  the  capital  invested,  and  the 
returns  fully  demonstrate  the  correctness 
of  his  estimate. 

The  rise  of  this  business  again  demon- 
strates the  checkered  career  of  an  investor. 
Mr.  Theodore  Heinemann,  the  inventor  of 
this  valuable  sign,  had  solicited  several 
parties  in  Connersville  to  interest  them- 
selves, but  each  and  every  one  discouraged 
him  until  finally  he  came  to  his  old  school- 
mate. Mr.  Roots,  who  saw  its  possibilities 
and  encouraged  the  inventor  to  the  extent 
of  entering  into  a  partnership  with  him. 
Both  have  amassed  quite  a  fortune  out  of 
this  business  alone.  The  signs  are  known 
the  world  over,  and  besides  large  sales  in 
the  United  States,  one  firm  in  England 
alone  i Lever  Bros.,  of  Sunlight  soap  fame) 
has  contracted  for  signs  to  the  amount  of 
§100,000. 

Mr.  Roots'  home  residence  is  palatial 
and  luxurious,  and  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  attractive  in  the  town.  He  is  a 
connoisseur  in  art.  and  his  home  is  em- 
bellished with  rare  works  of  masters 
in  painting  and  sculpture,  including  a 
copy  of  Murillo's  Madonna  and  Raphael's 
Madonna  of  the  Chair,  also  the  birth  of 
Venus,  exquisitely  carved  in  marble  by 
Dieki.  In  politics  Mr.  Roots  is  a  Repub- 
lican of  the  most  pronounced  type.  He 
holds  that  politics  is  patriotism  in  its  high- 
est sense,  patriotism  to  the  Union,  to  the 
Republican  party,  but  above  all  to  the 
State  of  Indiana.  He  is  a  personal  friend 
of  Gen.  Benjamin  Harrison,  and  as  en- 
thusiastically and  as  disinterestedly  as  any 
other  citizen  worked  to  promote  the  inter- 
ests of  the  distinguished  ex- President. 

Mr.  Roots  served  as  chairman  of  the 
Sixth   District  of  the  Lincoln    League  of 


the  State  of  Indiana,  and  was  elected  as 
an  alternate  dele-ate  to  the  Minneapolis 
convention  in  1892,  when  Benjamin  Har- 
rison was  nominated  the  second  time:  has 
served  twice  as  vice-president  of  the  In- 
diana State  Board  of  Commerce;  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  that  framed 
the  call  for  the  first  monetary  convention, 
held  in  Indianapolis  in  1896,  and  was  made 
a  delegate  to  each  of  the  conventions  since 
that  time.  In  L896  he  was  elected  as  joint 
Representative  for  Fayette  and  Henry 
counties,  leading  the  ticket  in  the  nomina- 
tion: was  again  elected  to  the  legislature 
in  L898,  and  represented  Wayne  and  Fa- 
yette counties  in  the  legislature  of  1899, 
and  during  those  two  assemblies  had  the 
unprecedented  honor  of  nominating  two 
United  States  Senators,  viz  :  Charles  W. 
Fairbanks,  in  the  legislature  of  ls'.iT.  and 
Albert  J.  Beveridge,  in  the  legislature  of 
L899. 

The  services  of  Mr.  Roots  were  highly 
appreciated  by  the  legislature  of  1897,  for 
the  reason  that  he  secured  legislation  con- 
cerning our  insurance  companies  which 
was  of  a  nature  to  foster  and  protect  home 
companies,  both  as  to  fire  and  life.  So 
much  were  these  services  appreciated  that 
after  the  legislature  adjourned  he  was  pre- 
sented with  a  silver  loving  cup.  a  gold- 
headed  cane  and  an  onyx  clock,  by  the 
different  citizens  (if  the  State,  and  the  law 
which  was  passed  in  the  last  legislature, 
authorizing  the  formation  of  old  line  in- 
surance companies  to  do  business  in  this 
State,  was  taken  almost  bodily  from  his 
House  bill.  No.  519,  and  his  substitute  for 
Senator  Hubbell's  hill.  No.  213.  In  the 
legislature  of  1899  nine  of  Mr.  Roots' 
hills  were  passed  by  the  House,  eight  of 
them  becoming  laws.  Most  notable  of 
these  were  the  forestry  bill,  for  the  encour- 
agement of  forestry  throughout  the  State  : 
second,  the  appointment  of  a  commission 
to  ascertain  what  is  fair  and  just  concern- 
ins    the    salaries    of  county    officers,    and 


228 


HISTORY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


report  the  same  to  the  next  legislature; 
third,  for  the  sale  of  certain  lands,  which 
returned  $100,000  into  the  State  treasury. 
But  the  legislation  which  has  given 
Mr.  Roots  more  celebrity,  both  in  this 
Slate  and  other  States,  is  the  operation  of 
a  law  which  is  known  as  the  anti- junket 
law,  of  which  he  was  the  author,  and 
which  was  passed  during  the  legislature  of 
1897.  This  law  provided  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  commission  by  the  Governor, 
whose  duties  were  to  visit  the  State  insti- 
tutions and  ascertain  their  financial  and 
physical  needs,  and  report  the  same  to  the 
legislature.  The  work  of  this  committee 
was  all  done  before  the  legislature  con- 
vened, and  the  Governor  appointed  Mr. 
Roots  chairman,  together  with  Senator 
Goodwine  and  Representative  Herod  as 
members  of  the  committee.  The  report 
of  this  committee  was  so  complete  in  every 
detail  that  the  finance  committee  and  the 
ways  and  means  committee  of  the  House 
were  enabled  to  make  their  report  very 
much  sooner  than  would  have  been  possi- 
ble otherwise,  and  most  intelligently,  and 
had  the  effect  to  stop  forever  the  useless 
junketing  trips.  The  Indianapolis  News, 
speaking  of  the  work  of  this  committee 
editorially,  in  its  issue  of  January  27. 
says:  "Too  great  praise  cannot  be  given 
to  the  work  of  Roots'  committee  for  the 
thoroughness  of  its  business  methods  and 
the  businesslike  directness  of  its  report. 
It  visited  every  State  institution;  it  de- 
manded explicit  and  detailed  statements  of 
every  phase  of  its  work  and  expenditures. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  a  more  thorough. 
businesslike  and  intelligent  investigation 
of  a  State's  public  institutions  was  never 
made  in  any  State." 

The  Governors  of  other  States  have 
written  for  these  reports  and  signified  their 
desire  that  the  same  law  shall  govern  in 
their  respective  States. 

Mr.  Roots  is  a  candidate  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  but  many  of  his  friends  are 
urging    that     he    announce    himself    for 


Governor,  inasmuch  as  it  seems  to  he  the 
general  desire  that  we  have  a  thorough- 
going business  man  to  occupy  that  posi- 
tion. His  huge  business  interests  would 
probably  prevent,  however,  his  acceding  to 
their  request. 

hi  matters  of  education  and  religion, 
no  more  active  and  liberal  promoter  or  a 
more  faithful  defender  than  Mr.  Roots  can 
be  found,  and  his  views  upon  school  and 
church  are  in  strict  accord  with  the  hest 
thought  of  the  times.  He  is  a  devout 
Presbyterian  and  an  elder  in  that  denom- 
ination. He  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of 
the  ablest  financiers  in  the  State,  and 
ranks  with  the  hest  type  of  solid  and  safe 
business  men  in  the  country.  Mr.  Roots, 
in  his  early  manhood,  has  won  a  prominent 
place  in  the  social  and  business  world,  and 
his  host  of  friends  wish  him  a  long  life  and 
continued  pr(  >sperity. 

WILLIAM  A.  STEVENS. 

Eon.  William  A.  Stevens  is  one  of 
the  wisest  and  most  tireless  of  the  young 
Republican  leaders  who  have  converted 
Bartholomew  county  from  a  Democratic 
Gibraltar  to  a  Republican  county.  He  is 
a  striking  example  of  that  type  of  young 
American  manhood  endowed  with  a  wealth 
of  practical  common  sense,  well  directed 
energy  and  patient  persistence  that  takes 
things  as  they  come  with  good-natured 
philosophy,  conquers  all  obstacles  and 
compels  success. 

His  ancestry  was  of  Scotch-Irish  and 
English  blood,  and  the  family  came  among 
the  early  pioneers  of  Bartholomew  county. 
John  C.  Hubbard,  the  maternal  great 
grandfather  of  Mr.  Stevens,  came  to  the 
county  when  the  site  of  the  thriving  city 
of  Columbus  was  still  a  wilderness,  and 
was  the  county's  first  Treasurer.  Francis 
M.  Stevens,  married  Catherine  Brown, 
and  of  this  union  William  A.  was  born, 
May  IT.  1867.  The  father  was  a  mer- 
chant and  farmer  and  the  boy  was  sent  to 


230 


HISTORY    OF    THE    KKI'UBLICAN    PAKTY 


Jfrrz^L^y 


the  public  and  parochial  schools.  He  was 
ambitious,  even  as  a  child,  to  get  into  mer- 
cantile life,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  be- 
gan his  business  career  as  bookkeeper  in 
his  father's  firm,  Lucas  &  Stevens.  As 
hoy  and  man  he  lias  mingled  energetically 
in  the  varied  activities  of  his  native  city 
and  in  the  politics  of  the  Republican 
party.  After  a  term  of  service  as  book- 
keeper in  his  father's  store  he  branched 
into  business  for  himself  as  a  merchant 
in  agricultural  implements  and  vehicles. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-fonr  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council  and 
served  with  distinguished  ability  and  in- 
tegrity. He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
county  committee  ever  since  18ss  and  has 
been  for  years  one  of  the  most  active 
spirits  in  it.  He  has  come  as  a  delegate 
to  every  State  convention  for  years  and 
has  helped  to  wisely  guide  the  course  of 
his  county  delegation.  In  1897  his  ability 
and  integrity  were  gracefully  recognized 
by    his    appointment    as    Postmaster    at 


Columbus,  and  he  has  administered  the 
office  in  a  business-like  way  that  has  given 
universal  satisfaction. 

Mr.  Stevens  was  married  in  February, 
1889,  to  Miss  Louisa  B.  Wilson,  of  Colum- 
bus, and  four  bright  hoys  have  blessed 
their  union.  They  have  a  charming  home 
at  Columbus,  where  kindly  hospitality  is 
dispensed  among  their  friends.  Mr.  Ste- 
vens  is  a  member  of  the  Columbia  Club, 
of  Indianapolis,  and  has  a  host  of  friends 
not  only  in  the  capital  city,  but  through- 
out the  State. 


JOHN  ROBINSON   BONNELL. 

John  Robinson  Bonnell,  known  as 
one  of  the  most  active  and  successful,  and 
at  the  same  time  one  of  the  cleanest  of  the 
young  working  politicians  of  Indiana,  was 
born  October  2,  1858,  at  Fredericksburg, 
Montgomery  county.  His  father  was 
John  Kibbey  Bonnell,  manufacturer  of 
wagons,  who  was  a  man  of  substance  in 
the  community  and  served  three  terms  as 
Treasurer  of  the  city  of  Crawfordsville. 
His  family  was  of  French  descent,  having 
migrated  first  to  New  Jersey,  then  to 
Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  and  thence  to 
Indiana.  The  son  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  at  Crawfordsville,  but 
began  even  as  a  boy  to  earn  his  own  live- 
lihood, first  as  a  newspaper  carrier,  then 
a  vender  of  fruit  and  later  as  clerk  in  the 
various  stores  in  Crawfordsville,  Logans- 
port  and  La  Fayette.  At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  embarked  in  the  cigar  business  in  Craw- 
fordsville, in  which  he  prospered  until 
1889.  He  had  been  active  and  efficient  in 
local  politics  and  had  earned  a  reputation 
as  a  clean-cut  business  man  that  was  of 
value. 

In  1889  he  was  appointed  by  Pres- 
ident Harrison  as  Postmaster  at  Craw- 
fordsville and  served  four  years.  A  year 
later  he  established  the  wholesale  grocery 
business  of    Bonnell   &    Nash,    which    he 


OP    THE    STATE    OF    IXDIAXA. 


231 


conducted  successfully  until  he  sold  nut  in 
ls'.io.  In  1894  he  was  elected  chairman 
( if  the  county  committee  and  it  was  a  mat- 
ter of  comment  in  the  rooms  of  the  State 
committee  that  no  other  county  chairman 
in  the  State  had  the  affairs  of  his  commit 
tee  in  quite  such  excellent  shape  as  Bon- 
nell.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  same  posi- 
tion in  1896.  Both  of  his  campaigns  were 
very  successful,  the  county  being  carried 
by  big  majorities.  In  1896  he  was  made 
Deputy  County  Treasurer  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  appointed  Postmaster 
by  President  McKinley,  where  he  is  still 
serving.  Though  still  a  young  man.  Mr. 
Boimell's  services  to  the  party  have  been 
as  long  as  they  have  been  valuable.  He 
was  first  made  a  member  of  the  Montgom- 
ery county  committee  in  1882  and  has 
served  continuously  since,  having  been  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  ever 
since  18S4.  In  all  these  years  there  has 
not  been  a  district  or  State  convention 
which  he  has  not  attended  as  a  delegate 
and  his  judgment  and  advice  have  always 
been  potent  in  shaping  the  course  of  the 
delegation. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Fanny  Evans, 
of  La  Fayette.  Indiana,  in  April.  1879,  and 
they  have  one  child.  They  entertain  hos- 
pitably at  their  home  in  Crawfordsville 
and  are  as  popular  in  social  circles  as  Mr. 
Bonnell  is  in  politics.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Columbia  Club  of  Indianapolis  and  of 
the  Knights  Templar. 


THOMAS  J.   BEOOKS. 

The  ancestors  of  Thomas  Jefferson 
Brooks  came  to  Massachusetts  from  Eng- 
land about  1640.  The  family  finally  became 
settled  in  the  town  of  Lincoln,  near  B(  >st<  >n. 
From  thence  Thomas  J.  Brooks,  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  came 
to  Martin  county.  Indiana,  in  1822.  He 
was  prominent  in  business  and  public 
affairs    in    his    county    for    more    than    a 


generation.  His  son  Lewis  took  to  wife 
Amanda  M.  Crooks,  of  the  same  county, 
to  whom  their  eldest  son.  Thomas  J.,  was 
horn  at  Loogootee.  in  Martin  county,  April 
22.  1857.  Lewis  Brooks  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Civil  War,  and  became  Colonel  of  the 
80th  Indiana  Regiment.  Since  the  Civil 
\Y;\v  Colonel  Brooks  has  been  active  in 
politics.  While  his  county  was  largely 
Democratic  and  he  was  a  Republican,  he 
was  elected  to  county  office  five  times, 
never  being  defeated. 

Mr.  Brooks  was  a  school  teacher  and 
studied  law,  beginning  the  practice  in 
L8S2.  He  has  been  successful  both  in  his 
native  county  and  in  his  present  home. 
Bedford.  Lawrence  county,  to  which  he 
removed  in  1892.  He  has  devoted  all  his 
energies  to  his  business,  and  is  now  in  the 
front  rank  of  lawyers  in  his  part  of  the 
State.  At  the  present  time  he  is  City  At- 
torney of  Bedford.  Attorney  for  his  county. 
for  the  Bedford  National  Bank.  Bedford 
Quarries  Company.  Bedford  Steam  Stone. 


232 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Works,  Bedford  Belt  Railway,  Southern 
Indiana    Railway    Company,    and    many 

other  persons  and  corporations  of  his  city. 
His  younger  In-other.  William  F.,  is  as- 
sociated with  him  in  his  law  business. 

Mr.  Brooks  has  always  heen  an  active 
member  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
while  he  has  not  been  an  office  seeker,  his 
time  and  means  have  heen  freely  devoted 
to  his  party.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
State  central  committee  representing  his 
Congressional  district  in  1894.  The  only 
offices  for  which  he  has  been  a  candidate 
are  Presidential  Electorin  L888and  Senator 
from  Lawrence.  Martin  and  Orange  conn- 
ties  in  1898.  Both  nominations  were  by 
acclamation,  and  he  was  elected  each  time. 
In  the  Senate  he  was  an  active  member, 
serving  on  the  judiciary  and  other  impor- 
tant committees.  Mr.  Brooks'  influence 
on  legislation  relating  to  municipal  and 
county  affairs  was  marked  and  was  always 
on  the  side  of  good  government. 

Mr.  Brooks,  always  a  hook  lover,  be- 
came interested  in  library  matters,  and  in 
connection  with  Mr.  J.  R.  Voris,  projected 
and  organized  the  Bedford  Public  Library, 
a  model  of  its  kind.  It  is  one  of  the 
largest,  best  selected  and  best  managed 
libraries  in  any  of  our  smaller  cities.  Mr. 
Brooks  has  heen  president  of  the  library 
from  the  beginning.  He  drew  the  bill 
that  finally  passed  the  legislature  estab- 
lishing the  traveling  library  and  township 
library  systems  in  our  State.  In  spite  of 
his  professional  and  political  duties  he  has 
had  time  to  engage  in  other  enterprises. 
being  a  director  in  the  Bedford  National 
Bank  and  half  owner  and  one  of  the  ed- 
itors of  the  />'<  dford  Mail,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  papers  in  Southern  Indiana. 
It  is  the  Republican  organ  of  his  county 
and  city,  and  prints  both  daily  and  weekly 
editions. 

In  1890  he  was  married  to  L.  Bel  Wal- 
lace, of  high  literary  attainments.  They 
have  one  child.  May. 


JOHN  BARRETT  COCKRUM. 
John  Barrett  Cockrum   has  worked 

his  way  up  through  life  from  the  position 
of  a  humble  farmer's  hoy  to  one  of  recog- 
nized high  standing  in  the  bar  of  Indiana. 
as  well  as  a  Republican  of  large  influence 
in  the  party  councils.  Mr.  Cockrum  was 
horn  near  Oakland  City,  Gibson  county. 
Indiana.  September  12,  1857,  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  His  grandfather.  James  W. 
Cockrum.  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
Southern  Indiana.,  removing  from  North 
Carolina  to  Gibson  county,  where  he  en- 
tered a  great  deal  of  Government  land. 
He  laid  out  the  town  of  Oakland  City  and 
was  a  very  prominent  man  in  Southern 
Indiana  until  the  date  of  his  death.  He 
was  a  Whig  in  earlier  times,  and  after 
the  organization  of  the  Republican  party, 
always  a  Republican.  He  represented 
Gibson  county  in  the  thirty-sixth  session 
of  the  Indiana  legislature  in  1851. 

William  M.  Cockrum.  father  of  John 
B.  Cockrum.  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  Forty  Second  Regiment  Volunteer  In- 
fantry during  the  Civil  War.  He  was 
badly  wounded  at  Chickamauga.  lying  on 
the  battlefield  in  a  temporary  hospital  for 
seventeen  days.  He  was  then  taken  a 
prisoner  to  Libby  prison,  where  he  re- 
mained seven  months,  after  which  he  was 
exchanged  and  again  entered  the  service 
and  served  through  the  war.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Matthews  a  member 
of  the  Indiana  Commission  having  in 
charge  the  erection  of  monuments  for  In- 
diana regiments  at  Chickamauga  Park, 
which  position  he  still  holds. 

John  B.  Cockrum  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Gibson  county  and  later 
graduated  from  the  high  school  at  Oak- 
land City.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  years 
he  began  teaching  in  the  country  schools 
of  Gibson  county.  Luring  the  summer 
time  he  read  law  with  the  Hon.  .1.  E. 
McCullough,  at  Princeton,  hid.,  studying 
his  law  hooks  far  into  the  night.      After  a 


OF    THE    STATE  OF    INDIANA.                                                                    233 

thorough  preparation  lie  entered  the  Cm-  Mr.    Cockrum  was   married  at   Evans- 

cinnati  Law  School,  and   graduated   from  ville,  January  25,  L880,  to  Miss  Fannie  C. 

the  full  course  in  April.   LS79.  Bittrolff,  and  is  the  father  of  two  children, 

Removing   immediately    to    Boonville,  Freda  L.,  aged  eighteen,  and   OatleyB., 

in   Warrick  county,  he  entered    upon    the  aged  sixteen. 

practice  of  law,  forming  a  partnership  Mr.  Cockrum  is  a  member  of  a  large 
with  Charles  W.  Armstrong,  Esq.,  under  number  of  fraternities,  (dubs  and  socie- 
the  firm  name  of  Armstrong  &  Cockrum.  ties.  He  belongs  to  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
This  partnership  continued  until  1882,  Odd  Fellows,  Elks,  all  the  Masonic  bodies, 
when  Circuit  Judge  John  B.  I  Candy  retired  including  the  Scottish  Rite  and  Shrine, 
from  the  bench,  and  the  firm  of  Handy,  Loyal  Legion.  Columbia  Club,  North 
Armstrong  &  Cockrum  was  formed,  in  Side  Republican  Club,  Marion  Club,  Com- 
which  relation  Mr.  Cockrum  continued  mercial  Club,  Deutsche  Club,  Country 
until  March,  L889.  At  that  lime  he  was  Club,  Maennerchor  Society,  and  many 
appointed  Assistant  United  States  Attor-  others, 
nev  for  Indiana  by  Hon.  W.  H.  H.  Mil- 
ler, United  States  Attorney-General,  Hon.  CHARLES  F.  COFFIN. 
Smiley  X.  Chambers  being  District  Attor-  [n  [394  jt  was  suggested  to  the  Repub- 
ney.  In  March,  1893,  he  was  appointed  lican  State  committee  that  it  place  Charles 
Assistant  General  Attorney  for  the  Hake  jy  Coffin  upon  its  speakers"  list.  Mr. 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad  Company,  and  Coffin  was  notified  to  make  a  speaking 
served  in  that  capacity  until  June,  L895,  tour  and  accepted.  So  signal  was  his  sue- 
when  he  was  appointed  Genera]   Attorney  cess  as  an   orator  that  since  then  he   has 

for    the    Hake    Erie  &   Western    Railroad      been  regarded  as  01 f  the  coming  men 

Company,  as  well  as  the  Ft.  Wayne,  ('in-  ,,f  the  party  in    Indiana.      Charles   Frank- 

cinnati    &    Louisville    Railroad    and    the  pn  Ooffin   was  born  in    the  eastern  part 

Northern    Ohio   Railway   Company,    lines  of  Marion  county,  Indiana.  .1  une  2,    L856, 

operated    by    the    Hake    Erie   &    Western.  His  father  was  a   physician.   Dr.   Benj.    F. 

Besides  this  responsible   position  he  is  at-  Coffin,  a  member  of  the  Nantucket  family 

torney  for  a  number  of  other  large  corpo-  of  Coffin,  whose   American   history  began 

rations,  which  clearly  define  his  high  order  hi  icsi   when  Tristram  and  Dionis  Coffin 

of  legal  ability.  an(j  their  children    came    from    England. 

Although  always  an  ardent  Republican  The  young  man  was  educated  in  the  corn- 
worker,  Mr.  Cockrum  has  held  hut  one  mon  schools  of  West  field  and  at  DePauw 
political  office,  that  of  Assistant  United  University,  teaching  a  common  school 
States  District  Attorney,  during  the  Ear-  both  before  and  after  graduation.  After 
risen  administration.  He  is  well  known  receiving  his  degree,  he  graduated  in  1881, 
as  a  political  organizer,  having  served  as  taking  first  oratorical  and  philosophical 
chairman  of  the  Republican  comity  com-  honors.  Ee  was  the  first  Indiana  man  to 
mittee  of  Warrick  county,  as  a  member  capture  the  first  interstate  oratorical  prize. 
of  the  district  committee  of  the  first  dis-  After  receiving  his  degree,  he  obtained  the 
trict,  and  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  ad-  position  as  superintendent  of  the  public 
visory  committee  of  the  Republican  State  schools  at  New  Albany  and  served  in  this 
committee.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  capacity  with  great  ability  for  three  years. 
Republican  National  convention,  in  1888,  By  this  time  he  had  accumulated  enough 
when  General  Harrison  was  nominated  to  engage  in  the  study  of  law,  resigned  his 
lor  President.  position  and  entered  tin-  law  office  of  Judge 


234 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Dowlingat  New  Albany  as  a  student.     In 

1 887  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  L.  Dowl- 
ing,  the  daughter  of  Judge  Dowling,  and 
they  have  three  children.  Immediately 
after  his  marriage,  he  located  at  Wichita. 
Kas. ,  where  he  practiced  law  for  six  years. 
returning  to  Indiana  in  August.  1893,  to 
accept  the  position  of  Dean  to  theDePauw 
Law  School.  He  immediately  began  to 
take  an  active  interest  in  politics  and  his 
services  as  a  campaign  orator  have  been  in 
great  demand  in  every  subsequent  cam- 
paign. He  first  formed  a  law  partnership 
with  Judge  D.  W.  Howe  and  later  was  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Gavin,  Coffin  & 
Davis.  This  partnership  was  dissolved  a 
couple  of  years  ago  and  since  then  Mr. 
Coffin  has  been  practicing  law  very  suc- 
cessfully alone. 

CLEMENT   STUDEBAKER. 

The  family  of  the  Studebakers  is  known 
throughout  the  broad  land.  A  family  of 
toilers,  starting  from  the  humblest  begin- 
nings, they  have  built  up  one  of  the  great- 
est industries  in  America — a  business  in- 
volving millions  of  capital,  employing 
more  than  a  thousand  people  and  ramify- 
ing throughout  the  civilized  world.  To 
accomplish  such  magnificent  results  with 
nothing  at  hand  in  the  beginning  testifies 
not  onlyto  remarkable  industry  and  integ- 
rity, but  to  a  positive  genius  and  capacity 
for  great  affairs.  In  the  early  part  of  the 
century  John  Studebaker  resided  in  Adams 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  followed 
the  occupation  of  a  wagon  maker  and 
blacksmith.  He  married  Rebecca  Mohler, 
one  of  those  women  of  strong  and  deep 
religious  convictions  and  forceful  charac- 
ter who  helped  no  less  than  their  husbands 
in  the  upbuilding  of  a  strong  and  virile 
nation.  Both  were  devoted  members  of 
the  Dunkard  denomination.  John  Stude- 
baker saved  and  prospered,  but  heelldorsed 
the  paper  of  friends  and  his  savings  were 
swept  away.     In  L836,  placing  his  family 


and  household  goods  in  a  wagon  of  his 
own  construction,  he  took  up  the  westward 
trail  and  migrated  to  the  wilderness  in 
Ashland  county.  Ohio.  His  three  chil- 
dren. Henry.  Clement  and  J.  M.  Studeba- 
ker.  came  with  him.  and.  later,  two  other 
sons,  Peter  E.  and  J.  F..  were  born  in  Ash- 
land county.  Here  a  new  home  was 
made,  the  boys  learned  the  trade  of  their 
father  and  the  family  grew  to  be  respected 
far  and  wide. 

Clement  Studebaker  attended  the  dis- 
trict schools  for  a  few  weeks  in  the  winter, 
worked  upon  neighboring  farms  and 
learned  his  father's  trade  in  the  wagon 
shop.  In  1850  he  came  to  South  Bend. 
Indiana,  and  taught  school  for  one  term. 
At  its  close  he  worked  for  a  few  months 
for  a  threshing  machine  company.  In 
1s5l>  his  brother  Henry  came  to  him  and 
they  joined  in  opening  a  blacksmith  shop 
in  South  Bend.  The  combined  capital  that 
they  were  able  to  put  into  the  enterprise 
amounted  to  $68.00.  During  the  first 
year  they  manufactured  three  wagons. 
For  five  years  they  struggled  on  and  the 

first  bit  of  g 1  luck  came  to  them  in  1857, 

when  they  secured  a  contract  for  United 
States  army  wagons,  to  be  used  by  the 
army  in  Utah.  This  gave  them  recogni- 
tion and  prestige.  In  lsiis  the  Studeba- 
ker Manufacturing  Company  was  organ- 
ized and  the  other  members  came  to  South 
Bend  to  join  them.  From  that  time  on 
the  growth  of  the  concern  has  been  phe- 
nomenal and  for  many  years  now  it  has 
been  known  as  one  of  the  greatest  indus- 
trial establishments  in  America. 

Mr.  Studebaker  has  been  an  active  Re- 
publican since  the  organization  of  the 
party  and  naturally  his  influence  upon 
the  party  in  Indiana  has  been  very  great. 
Never  aspiring  to  office,  he  has  devoted 
much  time  and  energy  to  the  success  of 
his  party,  and  his  word  is  always  listened 
to  with  respect.  The  party  has  invariably 
insisted  upon  conferring  upon  him  such 
honors  as  the  press  of  his  private  business 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


235 


would  permit  him  to  accept.  In  1880  he 
was  made  a  delegate  to  the  National  con- 
vention at  Chicago,  and  in  l^ss  was  a 
delegate-at-large  from  Indiana  by  ap- 
pointment of  President  Harrison.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Pan- American  congress 
of  1889-90.  He  was  one  of  the  United 
States  Commissioners  to  the  last  Paris  Ex- 
position, the  Indiana  Commissioner  to  the 
World's  Exposition  at  New  Orleans,  and 
was  president  of  the  Indiana  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Columbia  Club,  of  Indianapolis,  the 
Indiana  Club,  of  South  Bend,  the  Odd 
Fellows  and  Knights  Templar.  He  lias 
been  for  many  years  a  man  of  large  influ- 
ence in  the  affairs  of  the  Methodist  church. 
was  delegate  to  the  general  conference  of 
1880  and  1884,  a  member  of  the  book 
committee  for  sixteen  years,  and  trustee 
of  Chautauqua,  and  of  the  DePauw  Uni- 
versity, at  Greencastle.  Mr.  Studebaker 
lias  been  twice  married.  Two  children, 
the  fruit  of  his  first  marriage,  died  in 
infancy.  September  13,  1862,  he  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  the  late  George  Mil- 
burn,  and  she  is  still  living  with  her  three 
children.  Colonel  George  M.  Studebaker. 
who  led  the  157th  Indiana  during  the 
Spanish  war:  Clement  Studebaker,  Jr.. 
and  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Carlisle.  Surrounded 
thus  by  a  lovely  family,  at  the  head  of 
a  great,  prosperous  enterprise,  Mr.  Stude- 
baker is  passing  his  declining  years  at  his 
home  in  South  Bend,  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  residences  in  Indiana,  enjoy- 
ing the  respect  and  love  of  not  only  his 
family  and  neighbors,  but  of  thousands  of 
people  throughout  the  United  States. 


H.   S.    BKUiS. 

It  is  a  common  legend  in  Indiana  that 
Kosciusko  county  produces  the  best  crops, 
the  best  Sunday  Schools  and  the  best  Re- 
publicans in  the  State.  There  may  lie  some 
dispute  about  the  best  crops  and  the  best 
Sunday  Schools,  but  nobody  has  ever  had 


the  temerity  to  question  Kosciusko's  promi- 
nence in  the  production  of  every-day-in- 
the-week  Republicans  and  great  big  Re- 
publican majorities.  And  one  of  the  very 
best  of  these  best  Republicans  has  for 
years  been  Hon.  Hiram  S.  Biggs.  Until 
1896,  when  his  party  spoiled  an  excellent 
party  leader  to  make  a  better  Circuit 
Judge,  he  was  the  most  active  and  influ- 
ential political  leader  in  his  county. 

Judge  Biggs  was  born  in  Kosciusko 
county  and  has  resided  there  ever  since. 
His  parents  were  fairly  well-to-do  and  he 
was  given  an  excellent  college  education, 
after  which  he  read  law  in  the  office  of 
Frazier  &  Frazier.  at  Warsaw,  and  com- 
menced to  practice  in  IS65.  He  was  suc- 
cessful from  the  first  and  enjoyed  an  ex- 
cellent practice  until  he  gave  it  up  in  No- 
vember, 1896,  to  take  his  position  on  the 
bench. 

He  cast  his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lin- 
coln in  1  s f j ."> .  and  in  all  the  years  since  he 
has  never  for  a  moment  swerved  from  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party.  In 
ISTn  he  was  elected  from  Kosciusko  to 
the  State  legislature  and  served  in  the 
session  of  1871,  where  he  showed  himself 
to  be  a  conservative  and  level-headed  mem- 
ber. In  May  of  1875  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Warsaw  and  admin- 
istered the  office  with  integrity  and  ability 
for  two  terms,  closing  his  work  in  1^7'.*. 
He  was  the  first  Mayor  the  city  hail  and 
the  whole  system  had  to  be  straightened 
out  and  put  in  good  running  order  under 
his  administration.  In  18S8  he  was  chosen 
Presidential  Elector  for  the  thirteenth  dis- 
trict and  voted  and  worked  for  General 
Harrison  with  the  same  enthusiasm  and 
effective  energy  that  he  has  always  thrown 
into  his  political  work.  In  1892  he  was 
chosen  chairman  of  the  county  Republican 
committee,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
for  six  years,  and  during  his  administra 
tioii  it  was  a  common  saying  about  State 
headquarters  that  Kosciusko  was  always 
the  first   county  to  respond   to  any  request 


236 


HISTORY    <iF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


made  by  the  State  committee,  whether  for 
information,  for  work  or  for  votes.  Ever 
since  the  memory  of  the  present  genera- 
tion of  politicians  began  the  Kosciusko 
county  delegation  to  State  conventions  has 
been  headed  by  Mr.  Biggs.  He  has  al- 
ways been  actively  advocating  the  nomi- 
nation of  some  man.  or  the  declaration  of 
some  principle  in  the  platform,  and  has 
pursued  his  purpose  with  an  intelligence 
and  enthusiasm  that  has  almost  invariably 
brought  success.  It  was  to  him,  more 
than  to  anybody  else,  that  was  due  the  in- 
structions for  McKinley  in  the  State  con- 
vention of  1896.  In  1896  lie  was  nomi- 
nated for  Judge  of  the  fifty-fourth  judicial 
circuit  and  elected.  On  the  bench  he  has 
earned  the  State  wide  reputation  for  judi- 
cial fairness  and  ability. 


E.  H.  NEBEKER. 

The  history  of  the  Republican  party  of 
Indiana,  without  a  biographical  sketch  of 
Hon.  Enos  H.  Nebeker,  would  be  like  the 
story  of  a  play  with  one  of  its  most  promi- 
nent actors  left  out.  For  more  than  fif- 
teen years  lie  has  been  one  of  the  most 
prominent  leaders  of  the  party.  Always 
either  a  member  of  the  State  committee, 
its  executive  committee  or  some  of  the 
auxiliary  committees,  and  always  a  man 
who  is  looked  to.  not  only  for  advice,  but 
for  bard  and  efficient  work  in  the  manage- 
ment of  each  campaign.  He  was  born 
.June  26,  L836,  in  Covington.  Ind.  His 
ancestors  were  German  and  both  bis  par- 
ents removed  to  Covington  from  Piqua 
county,  Ohio,  in  L82-t.  His  father,  George 
Nebeker,  was  a  country  banker  and  farmer. 
The  young  man  was  given  a  common 
school  education  and  took  a  course  of  one 
one  year  at  Asbury  University.  He 
worked  energetically  on  the  farm  and 
helped  his  father  in  the  bank.  He  dis- 
played that  aptitude  for  business  of  any 
honorable  character  that  is  the  chief 
characteristic  of  successful  manhood.      He 


was  successful  in  farming  and  hanking. 
He  has  dealt  in  lumber,  railroad  ties,  in 
tlie  buying  ami  shipping  of  grain  and 
other  mercantile  adventures.  His  father 
had  been  prominent  as  a  Whig  and  later 
as  a  Republican,  and  the  young  man  was 
born  into  something  of  a  political  atmos- 
phere. Fountain  county  has  always  been 
normally  Democratic  and  he  learned  politi- 
cal generalship  in  a  hard  school.  In  ls7n 
he  was  elected  Auditor  of  the  county  and 
served  creditably  for  four  years.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  convention  and  supported 
Blaine  until  he  was  out  of  the  race,  when 
he  fought  and  worked  for  Garfield.  He 
was  ever  active  and  efficient  in  the  move- 
ment for  the  nomination  of  Harrison,  hut 
was  one  of  the  few  Indiana  Republicans 
who  did  not  seek  Federal  appointment 
after  Harrison's  election.  When  the  hard 
fought  campaign  was  over  Mr.  Nebeker 
went  about  his  business  as  usual.  He 
was  much  surprised,  in  L891,  when  Presi- 
dent Harrison  tendered  him  the  responsi- 
ble office  of  Treasurer  of  the  United  States, 
and  urged  his  acceptance.  He  accepted 
the  office  and  administered  it  with  great 
ability  for  more  than  two  years,  resigning 
June  1.  1893,  because  his  own  private 
business  affairs  were  pressing  upon  his  at- 
tention. Since  then,  while  Mr.  Xebeker 
has  been  very  active  in  the  politics  of  the 
State,  he  has  steadfastly  declined  all  ten- 
ders of  further  political  honors. 

He  was  married  in  1m',.",.  in  Covington, 
to  Miss  Mary  F.  Sewell  and  they  have 
two  children  now  grown. 


ARTHUE    OVFKSTKEET. 

ARTHUK  OVERSTREET,  while  he  has  lie- 
come  a  power  in  the  Republican  politics  of 
Indiana,  has  earned  his  chief  success  in 
the  field  of  business  and  his  success  is  such 
as  seldom  comes  to  a  man  so  early  in  life. 
He  was  born  November  1.  lsti:',.  the  son 
of   Gabriel   M.    Overstreet.    a    well-known 


O^PDaxa.  .  b  ^^Joa^y. 


238 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


lawyer,  of  Franklin,  Indiana.  While  Mr. 
Overstreet  was  ;i  successful  lawyer,  the 
success  of  a  country  lawyer  does  not 
mean  a  great  deal  in  hard  cash  and  he  had 
a  large  family  to  take  care  of.  Thus  it 
came  about  that  the  hoy  early  sought  work 
to  help  himself  gain  an  education.  The 
blood  of  several  generations  of  English  an- 
cestry told  in  his  pluck  and  perseverance. 
He  worked  at  common  laborina  hardware 
store  in  Franklin  until  he  went  through 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and 
Franklin  College.  As  soon  as  he  got  out 
of  college  lie  began  work  as  a  shipping 
clerk  for  the  American  Starch  Company 
at  Columbus,  Indiana.  In  L889  he  he- 
came  vice-president  and  general  manager 
of  the  Indiana  Starch  Company  at  Frank- 
lin. In  1891  he  became  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  starch  company  at  Colum- 
bus and  a  few  years  later  assumed  control 
of  the  plant  of  the  same  concern  at  Wau- 
kegan,  Illinois.  A  year  later  he  became 
president  of  the  <  Irinoco  Tannery  Com- 
pany, at  Columbus,  and  lias  since  operated 
a  large  tannery.  Besides  these  tannery 
and  starch  interests  Mr.  Overstreet  is  a 
director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Columbus,  Indiana,  and  owns  very  exten- 
sive real  estate  holdings  and  other  property 
in  Columbus  and  several  other  places. 

In  LS89  he  was  married  to  Hattie  Fran- 
ces Crump,  daughterof  Francis T.  Crump, 
one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  Bar- 
tholomew county.  Their  one  child  is 
Francis  Monroe  Overstreet,  born  in    LS91. 

Mr.  Overstreet  has  been  active  in  poli- 
tics ever  since  he  left  college.  Joining 
fortunes  with  the  younger  element  among 
the  Republicans  of  Bartholomew  county 
he  has  devoted  an  enormous  amount  of 
energy,  money  and  intelligent  work  to 
bring  about  the  triumph  of  Republicanism 

and    so  effective    have   been    the    labors   of 

himself  and  associates  that  Bartholomew 
county,  which,  six  or  seven  years  ago  was 
counted  one  of  the  (iibraltars  of  the  Indi- 
ana  Democracy,    has  come   to   be   looked 


upon  as  a  fairly  safe  Republican  county. 
In  all  this  time  Mr.  Overstreet  has  never 
held  any  public  office  nor  been  a  candidate 
for  any  nomination  or  appointment,  hut  has 

been  content  to  work  for  his  friends  and 
for  the  principles  of  his  party.  There  has. 
however,  during  the  past  twelve  years, 
never  been  a  city,  county  or  State  conven- 
tion but  which  he  has  not  been  a  delegate 
and  during  these  years  he  has  served  upon 
city  and  county  committees  year  by  year 
and  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  State 
advisory  committee. 


WLSIFIELD  TAYLOR   DURBIN. 

Few  men  of  Indiana  have  risen  to 
higher  position  in  the  various  walks  of 
lite  than  Winfield  Taylor  Durbin.  and 
what  he  has  accomplished  in  the  world 
has  been  accomplished  by  the  exercise  of 
indefatigable  industry,  hard  common  sense 
and  a  capacity  for  affairs.  Mr.  Durbin  was 
born  May  4,  ls-17.  at  Lawrenceburg,  End., 
the  son  of  William  S,  Durbin,  a  tanner,  in 
comfortable  circumstances.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  common  schools  of  Washing- 
ton county.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth  Volunteer 
Infantry,  but  was  refused  muster  by  rea- 
son of  an  injury  to  bis  arm  received  after 
his  enlistment.  As  soon  as  this  trouble  was 
over  here-enlisted  in  the  139th  Indiana 
and  served  through  the  war  as  a  member 
of  Company  K  of  that  regiment.  After 
the  war  he  took  a  course  in  a  commercial 
college  at  St.  Louis,  a  thing  he  was  ena- 
bled to  do  by  saving  the  glue  scraps,  hair 
and  other  waste  of  the  tannery  and  selling 
them.  Before  going  to  St.  Louis  he  taught 
a  few  terms  of  common  school  in  Wash- 
ington and  Johnson  counties.  After  re- 
turning from  the  commercial  college  he 
entered  the  wholesale  dry  goods  store  of 
Murphy.  Johnson  &  Co.,  of  Indianapolis, 
in  L869,  where  he  remained  ten  years, 
first  as  a  bookkeeper  and  later  as  a  confi- 
dential credit   man       In    L879   he  removed 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


239 


to  Anderson,  where  he  engaged  in  bank- 
ing and  began  to  accumulate  a  considera- 
ble fortune.  Upon  the  discovery  of  natu- 
ral gas  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  realize 
the  great  possibilities  brought  about  by 
the  cheap  fuel  and  engaged  in  a  number 
of  manufacturing  and  mercantile  enter- 
prises, all  of  which  have  proven  success- 
ful, among  them  the  Diamond  Paper  Com- 
pany, the  J.  W.  Sefton  Manufacturing 
Company  and  the  Anderson  Foundry  and 
Machine  Works.  He  was  an  ardent  Re- 
publican from  the  time  he  enlisted  in  the 
Union  army,  and  though  he  has  risen  very 
high  in  the  councils  of  the  party  he  has 
steadily  declined  to  accept  office.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the  National 
convention  and  was  made  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  notify  Whitelaw  Peid  of  his 
nomination  as  Vice-President.  In  1896 
he  was  again  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the 
National  convention  at  St.  Louis.  In  1890 
Mr.  Durbin  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State  committee  and  served 
three  years  in  that  capacity.  In  1894  he 
was  made  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  State  committee  and 
served  in  that  capacity  four  years.  At 
the  convention  of  1S96  he  was  chosen  as  a 
member  of  the  National  committee  from 
Indiana  and  participated  prominently  in 
the  work  of  the  National  committee  in 
that  canrpaign.  He  has  been  prominent 
in  the  work  of  the  Grand  Army  and  is  a 
Past  Commander  of  Major  May  Post.  He 
is  also  a  Past  Grand  Commander  of  the 
Knights  Templar  of  Indiana.  He  was 
married  at  Anderson,  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Bertha  McClelland,  and  they  have  one 
surviving  son.  Fletcher  M.  Durbin. 

Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Spanish  war. 
in  1898,  Governor  Mount  asked  Mr.  Dur- 
bin. who  was  a  member  of  his  staff  with 
the  title  of  Colonel,  to  go  to  Washington 
in  behalf  of  the  State  to  look  after  matters 
in  connection  with  the  enlistment  of  the 
troops.  This  work,  requiring  great  discre- 
tion and  ability,  was  done  so  promptly  and 


thoroughly  that  when  Indiana  was  given 
the  privilege  of  furnishing  the  additional 
regiment  Mr.  Durbin  was  appointed  Colo- 
nel of  the  161st  Indiana.  Those  who  were 
not  intimately  acquainted  with  him  natu- 
rally jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was 
a  political  appointment  and  they  predicted 
dire  things  as  to  the  fate  of  the  regiment. 
Even  his  best  friends  were  agreeably  sur- 
prised when  the  reports  came  that  Colonel 
Durbin  had  the  best  regiment  among  the 
volunteers  in  Cuba.  It  was  the  best 
drilled,  kept  the  best  camp  and  had  the 
best  discipline.  Colonel  Durbin  more  than 
justified  the  wisdom  of  the  Governor  in 
making  the  appointment.  When  asked 
afterward  to  what  he  attributed  his  great 
success  with  the  regiment,  he  replied 
simply:  ••!  went  on  the  theory  that  plain, 
common  sense  and  business  principles 
would  apply  to  military  life  as  well  as  to 
anything  else."  In  plain  truth  this  may 
he  taken  as  the  secret  of  Colonel  Durbin's 
success  in  business,  and  in  politics  as  well 
as  in  war. 


G.   A.   CUNNINGHAM. 

George  Albert  Cunningham,  one  of 
the  most  prominent  lawyers  of  Evansville. 
was  born  on  a  farm  in  Gibson  county.  In- 
diana, April  4.  1855.  His  father.  Joseph 
Cunningham,  and  his  mother.  Mary  Jane 
Arbuthnot  Cunningham,  were  both  natives 
of  Gibson  county,  of  Virginia  stock.  The 
boy  was  ambitious  to  take  up  the  legal 
profession,  and  after  going  through  the 
common  schools  of  the  county  was  sent 
to  Asbury  University.  Afterwards  he 
taught  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native 
county  until  his  removal  to  Evansville.  in 
1877.  He  had  studied  law  during  all  his 
spare  time  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
that  year.  He  has  given  his  time  almost 
exclusively  to  his  profession,  and  has  risen 
to  great  prominence  in  it.  His  only  pub- 
lic office  was  that  of  City  Attorney  to 
Evansville,  in  which  he  served  from    L893 


240 


IIISTOKY    UK     II I K    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


to  1897.  Hehas,  however,  been  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Vanderburgh  county 
committee,  and  in  L898  was  made  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  committee  for  the  first 
district.  He  has  been  active  in  the  busi- 
ness  affairs  of  his  city,  as  well  as  in  the 
legal  profession,  and  is  connected  as  at- 
torney and  stockholder  witli  the  First 
National  Bank,  the  Evausville  Gas  and 
Electric  Company,  the  A.  W.  Cook  Brewing 
Company,  and  the  E..  S.  &  N.  Railway 
( !ompany.  Mr.  Cunningham  was  married 
in  1881  to  Susan  Shaw  Garvin,  and  they 
have  a  charming  family  of  three  children. 


w.  r.  McClelland. 

William  Robert  McClelland  is  a 
native  of  Marion  county,  Indiana,  the  son 
of  Jonathan  I),  and  Elza  J.  McClelland. 
His  father  was  born  in  Indiana  while  it  was 
still  a  Territory  and  came  to  Marion  county 
in  L822,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  reared  on  a  farm. 
working  hard  to  help  his  father  make  the 
payments  upon  the  land.  lie  left  the 
farm  when  twenty-two  years  old  and  went 
to  Danville,  where  he  was  employed  as  a 
clerk  in  the  store  owned  by  his  uncle. 
finally  in  1^7.">  engaging  in  business  for 
himself,  lie  soon  took  an  active  interest 
in  politics  and  was  connected  with  the  Re- 
publican county  committee  in  many  ways. 
serving  as  secretary  and  treasurer  and 
member  of  the  executive  committee,  lie 
was  elected  clerk  of  the  county  ill  1884 
and  served  until  L888.  In  1888  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  advisory  committee 
of  the  State  committee  and  assisted  ably 
in  organizing  the  State  Lincoln  League, 
of  which  he  served  as  treasurer  for  several 
years.  During  the  war  Mr.  McClelland 
twice  volunteered,  but  was  rejected  each 
time  on  account   of  ill  health.      However. 


he  joined  the  State  militia  and  served  with 
an  excellent  record  at  the  time  of  the  Mor- 
gan raid. 

He  was  married  at  Danville,  in  1872, 
to  Sarah  E.  Nichols  and  has  one  son. 
Harry  Nichols  McClelland,  aged  fifteen 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Columbia 
and  Marion  Chilis  of  Indianapolis  and  of 
the  Odd  Fellows  and  Knights  of  Pythias. 
In  L894  Mr.  McClelland  was  a  candidate 
before  the  State  convention  for  Clerk  of 
the  Supreme  Court  and  made  so  strong  a 
campaign  for  the  nomination  that  in  the 
Held  of  eight  candidates  he  stood  third. 
Though  still  a  comparatively  young  man 
he  has  a  large  acquaintance  and  influence 
throughout  the  State  and  is  universalry 
esteemed  as  one  of  the  wisest  and  most 
conservative  of  the  younger  leaders  of  the 
party. 

WILLIAM    ROBERT    WOOD. 

William  Robert  Wood  was  horn  at 
Oxford,  Benton  county.  Indiana.  January 
5,  1861.  His  father.  Robert  Wood,  immi- 
grated from  Yorkshire,  England,  and  was 
by  trade  a  harness  maker. 

Young  Wood  received  his  education  in 
the  common  and  high  schools  of  Oxford. 
His  first  occupation  was  that  of  a  water 
carrier  during  the  construction  of  the  I.. 
M.  &  B.  Railway.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  harness 
maker's  trade  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  was  a  country  school  teacher.  A  year 
later  he  entered  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1882,  at  theageof  twenty-one 
years.  He  immediately  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city  of  La  Fayette,  In- 
diana, associating  himself  with  Judge  W. 
DeWitt  Wallace,  in  1882,  and  later  with 
Captain  Bryan,  of  the  same  city. 

In  18S8  he  was  secretary  of  the  Tippe- 
canoe county  central  committee  and  in 
1890  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Prose- 
cuting   Attorney    and    was    re-elected    in 


>K    THK    STATE    ()K    [Ml] ANA. 


24-1 


1892.  Here  his  fearless  and  able  prosecu- 
tion of  the  pleas  of  the  State  gave  him  a 
general  reputation  throughout   the  State. 

During'  his  term  as  Prosecuting  At- 
torney the  prosecution  of  the  persons  en- 
gaged in  the  Rudolph  riots  in  LaFayette 
fell  to  him.  The  cases  grew  out  of  the  con- 
flict between  the  Catholics  and  the  A.  I'. 
A.'sof  tlie  city.  The  hitter  feeling  which 
existed  made  the  prosecution  of  these  cases 
a  dangerous  duty.  Because  of  the  tireless 
energy  with  which  Mr.  Wood  prosecuted 
the  defendants  he  became  a  target  for  per- 
sonal abuse.  During  the  trials  hi'  received 
many  anonymous  letters  threatening  his 
life,  hut  he  did  not  abate  his  vigorous  pros- 
ecution until  the  parties  charged  were  con- 
victed. 

Mr.  Wood  has  been  a  leading  Republi- 
can campaign  speaker  since  the  Blaine 
campaign,  in  1S84-,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  an  eloquent  and  fearless  advocate 
of  the  principles  and  policies  of  the  party. 
In  1894  he  was  a  candidate  for  Congress 
in  theold  ninth  district.  Among  hiscom- 
petitors  in  the  convention  were  Hon. 
Joseph  B.  Cheadle,  Capt.  W.  W.  Hart,  of 
Frankfort;  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Boyd,  of  No- 
hlesville.  and  tlie  Hon.  J.  Frank  Hanly, 
with  whom  he  is  now  associated  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city  of   LaFayette. 

Mi-.  Wood  led  in  the  face  for  ninety- 
two  ballots  and  several  times  came  within 
six  votes  of  being  nominated.  Mr.  Hanly 
was  nominated  on  the  ninety-third  ballot, 

having  received  the  support  of   Mr.   W 1 

anil  his  friends. 

In  IS'.m;  Mr.  Wood  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  to  till  the  unexpired  term  of 
W.  S.  Haggard,  and  in  1898  he  was  re- 
elected. In  the  legislature  of  1897  he  intro- 
duced and  successfully  carried  through  the 
bill  in  aid  of  the  State  Soldiers'  Home,  rais- 
ing a  per  capita  allowance  for  the  support 
of  the  inmates.  He  was  instrumental  in 
getting  through  the  same  legislature  an 
appropriation  for  the  erection  of  several 
new  buildings  for  the  Home. 


In  the  Senate  he  had  the  reputation  of 
a  conservative  representative  of  the  people, 
with  other  than  mere  political  reasons  for 
voting  for  or  against  a  measure.  He  made 
an  enviable  record  as  a  lawmaker. 

He  is  loyal  to  the  principles  of  his  party 
and  is  always  found  in  the  forefront  of  its 
battles.  Ileisal  present  a  successful  law- 
yer, with  a  lucrative  practice — a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Hanly  ec  Wood.  He  has  been 
attorney  for  the  Citizens  Building  and 
Loan  Association,  of  LaFayette,  Indiana, 
since  its  organization  in  1887. 

He  is  a  memberof  the  Lincoln  Club,  of 
the  National  Union  and  of  the  Independ- 
ent Order  of  Foresters.  He  is  also  a  Ma- 
son, a  Knight  of  Pythias  and  an  Elk. 

As  a  lawyer  he  is  brilliant  and  success- 
ful and  for  twelve  years  has  held  a  front 
place  at  the  LaFayette  liar.  Quick  and 
accurate  of  conception,  his  power  as  an 
advocate  makes  him  a  formidable  trial 
lawyer.  He  has  little  fondness  for  details, 
yet  he  is  also  master  of  the  salient  features 
of  his  cause.  He  chooses  the  battlefield 
and  his  antagonist  must  he  adroit  indeed 
if  the  fight  is  not  conducted  on  the  ground 
selected.  Almost  without  notes  he  will 
present  to  the  jury,  in  persuasive,  convinc- 
ing eloquence,  every  scrap  of  material  evi- 
dence adduced  at  the  trial,  though  the 
taking  of  testimony  may  have  consumed 
days  and  even  weeks. 

Impulsive  ami  sympathetic,  lie  possesses 
a  keen  sense  of  the  humorous.  On  the 
stump  and  in  the  forum  he  weaves  into 
the  woof  and  warp  of  his  argument  threads 
of  the  sublime  and  the  ridiculous  so  rap- 
idly and  so  deftly  as  to  evoke  from  jury  or 
audience  tears  and  laughter  in  quick  suc- 
cession. 

Socially  he  is  a  success.  He  makes 
friends  and  keeps  them.  His  temper  is 
quick,  but  his  anger  soon  cools.  Malice  is 
absolutely  foreign  to  his  nature.  A  blow 
received  is  returned  instantly  or  not  at  all. 
Generous  to  a  fault,  he  is  frank  and  cour- 


242 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


He  was  married  in  1883  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  Geiger,  of  LaFayette,  Indiana.  No 
children  have  been  bora  to  them.  Mrs. 
Wood  has  shared  his  every  ambition  and 
lias  been  his  constant  and  faithful  help- 
meet in  every  enterprise  of  his  life.  She 
has  made  of  his  home  a  refuge  to  which 
he  can  retreat  from  the  turmoil  of  business 
and  the  storm  of  politics  with  the  assur- 
ance of  finding  rest  and  sympathy.  What- 
ever his  success  in  life  may  be  she  will 
have  been  the  principal  factor  in  its  final 
quotient.  For  him  the  future  is  a  golden 
promise. 

ELISHA  MARMADUKE  HOBBS. 

Elisha  Marmaduke  Hobbs  was  horn 
on  a  farm  near  Salem.  tnd.,  November  5, 
1858,  the  son  of  Dr.  Seth  and  Elizabeth 
Ann  Hobbs.  His  ancestors  migrated  to 
this  State  from  North  Carolina,  and  were 
of  English-Quaker  descent.  After  com- 
pleting a  common  school  education,  Mr. 
Hobbs  graduated  from  the  State  Normal, 
at  Terre  Haute,  in  L882.  Prof.  Hobbs 
taught  eleven  years  in  the  State.  As  a 
teacher  and  superintendent  he  was  quite 
successful,  and  his  work  constantly  secured 
him  better  positions.  In  1890  he  pur- 
chased the  farm  of  his  nativity,  one  of 
the  best  in  the  county,  which  he  has  been 
successfully  operating.  For  years  Prof. 
Hobbs  has  been  a  close  student  of  the 
natural  sciences.  Chemistry,  botany,  zo- 
ology and  geology  have  had  their  claim 
upon  his  time  and  responded  with  pleasure 
and  profit.  The  application  of  these 
sciences  in  the  solution  of  agricultural 
problems  has  been  a  favorable  object. 
The  soil,  its  formation,  constituents,  defi- 
ciencies, etc..  has  been  a  practical  theme 
presented  to  many  farmers'  institutes  in 
the  State.  For  the  last  four  years  he  has 
been  constantly  traveling  over  Indiana 
and  is  well  posted  on  the  various  geologi- 
cal formations  found  in  the  State.  He 
has  gathered  specimens  of  greal  variety 
from  nearly  all  counties  in  the  State.      He 


and  his  brother,  Dr.  II.  C.  Hobbs,  have 
long  been  recognized  as  leaders  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  Washington  county.  In 
1892  Prof.  Hobbs  was  a  candidate  for  his 
party  for  Washington  and  Floyd  counties, 
thus  acting  as  leader  for  the  forlorn  hope 
in  a  district  with  a  tremendous  Demo- 
cratic majority  In  L898  he  made  a  very 
strong  canvass  for  the  nomination  for  State 
Geologist,  a,  position  he  is  peculiarly  fitted 
by  observation  and  study  to  till. 

Prof.  Hobbs  was  married  in  1886  to 
Miss  Anna  Casper,  of  Salem,  and  they 
have  three  children. 


JOHN    P.   GRIFFITHS. 

There  is  no  corner  in  Indiana  where  the 
eloquence  of  John  P.  Griffiths  is  not 
known  and  admired.  His  oratory  is  recog- 
nized as  of  the  highest  order,  not  mere 
declamation  nor  the  putting  together  of 
flowers  of  speech.  Depth  of  thought  and 
keenness  of  logic  mark  his  speeches  no  less 
than  eloquence  of  expression.  It  is  small 
wonder  that  Republican  county  chairmen 
throughout  Indiana  are  anxious  for 
speeches  from  Mr.  (iriffiths,  for  it  is  not 
too  much  to  say  that  in  every  campaign 
for  eighteen  years  he  has  made  many  con- 
verts to  Republicanism. 

John  Pewis  Griffiths  was  born  October 
7.  1855.  in  New  York  City.  His  father. 
David  Griffiths,  was  a  prosperous  dry 
goods  merchant  of  sturdy  Welsh  stock. 
The  son  attended  1  he  public  schools  of  New 
York  City,  and  later  removed  to  Iowa, 
graduating  from  the  University  of  Iowa 
with  the  degree  of  A.  P>.  in  1*74.  The 
following  year  he  took  the  law  lectures  of 
the  university  and  was  given  the  degree 
of  bachelor  of  laws.  Immediately  after 
his  graduation  he  removed  to  Indianapolis, 
and.  in  ls77.  commenced  the  practice  of 
law.  Mr.  Griffiths  has  been  very  success 
ful  in  his  profession  and  his  forensic  repu- 
tation has  earned  him  no  less  prominence 
than  his  oratorical   ability.      In    1889   Mr. 


•_'44 


HISTOKY    OF    THE    REIT  HI.K  A  X     PARTY 


Griffiths  was  married  to  Miss  Caroline  H. 
Henderson,  of  La  Fayette,  a  woman  whose 
brilliance  and  mental  qualities  make  her  a 
fitting  helpmeet  and  companion.  Ever 
since  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (Irif- 
fitlis have  been  prominent  in  the  social 
and  literary  life  of  Indianapolis. 

Mr.  Griffiths  became  interested  in  poli- 
tics shortly  after  opening  his  law  office 
and  his  ability  soon  attracted  attention. 
He  was  asked  by  the  State  committee,  in 
L880,  to  take  the  stump  and  he  rendered 
invaluable  service  in  that  remarkable  cam- 
paign. Since  then  he  has  been  in  great 
demand  in  every  political  contest  and  has 
freely  given  his  time  and  ability  to  the 
party.  His  fame  as  an  orator  is  by  no 
means  hounded  by  the  State  and  his  cam- 
paign tours  have  included  ( Ihio,  Vermont, 
Maine,  New  York,  Kentucky  and  New 
Jersey.  He  has  held  office  hut  twice.  In 
1887  he  became  a  member  of  the  State 
legislature  and  distinguished  himself  by 
making  a  hard  tight  to  place  the  State 
benevolent  institutions  upon  a  non-parti- 
san hasis.  Though  unsuccessful  at  that 
time  Mr.  (Iriffitlis  never  lost  interest  in 
the  subject  hut  continued  to  he  one  of  the 
most  active  champions  of  non-partisan  con- 
trol until  it  was  finally  accomplished  a  few 
years  ago.  While  serving  in  this  session 
of  the  legislature  Mr.  Griffiths  made  a 
brilliant  address  seconding  the  nomination 
of  General  Harrison  for  the  United  States 
Senate.  In  1888  he  was  nominated  for 
Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  his 
wide  personal  popularity  added  great 
strength  to  the  State  ticket.  He  was 
elected  and  served  until  January  13,  1893. 
In  188(5  Mr.  (Iriffitlis  was  the  choice  of  a 
very  large  number  of  people  for  the  Guber- 
natorial nomination  and  his  friends  made 
such  a  determined  fight  for  him  that  he 
came  near  winning  in  a  field  of  fourteen 
candidates. 

As  an  incident  to  Ins  public  and  pro- 
fessional career  Mr.  (iriffitlis  has  gained 
not    a    little    reputation    in    the    literary 


world.  He  is  a  member  of  all  the  prom- 
inent literary  and  social  ohihs  of  Indi- 
anapolis and  some  of  his  essays,  be- 
fore these  organizations  upon  topics  of 
general  interest,  have  been  models  of  style 
and  thought.  It  has  been  given  to  very 
few  young  men  to  accomplish  more  and 
his  work  as  a  leader  of  men  and  moulder 
of  thought  is  hut  fairly  begun. 


JULIAN  D.    HOGATE. 

Julian  D.  Hog  ate  is  known  from  one 
end  of  Indiana  to  the  other  as  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  and  successful  Repub- 
lican editors  of  the  State,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  conservative  and  substantia]  of  the 
younger  Republican  leaders.  He  was  horn 
at  Danville.  Indiana.  October,  14.  1868, 
the  son  of  Charles  F.  and  Sarah  E. 
Hogate.  His  father  was  of  English  de- 
scent and  had  come  to  Indiana  from  New 
Jersey.  Here  he  had  prospered  and  was  a 
man  of  considerable  political  prominence, 
having  served  as  collector  of  Internal  Rev- 
enue for  the  sixth  district.  Julian  was 
given  an  excellent  education  at  DePauw 
University.  After  completing  his  college 
course  he  taught  school  for  a  few  terms 
and  then  purchased  the  Hendricks  <  'ounty 
Republican.  It  was  already  a  good  weekly 
newspaper  when  he  purchased  it.  hut  he 
has  steadily  improved  it  until  it  is  now 
one  of  the  best  and  one  of  the  most  pros- 
perous in  Indiana.  While  Mr.  Hogate 
has  never  thought  of  seeking  office,  he 
has  been  active  and  influential  in  the  pol- 
itics of  Hendricks  county  for  a  number  of 
years,  serving  as  secretary  of  the  county 
committee  in  1890,  L894,  L896  and  1898. 
He  has  also  served  frequently  as  delegate 
to  State  and  other  conventions.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  Masons, 
and  various  clubs  and  societies.  He  was 
married  at  Danville.  October  ">.  1893,  to 
Miss  Etta  B.  Craven,  and  they  have  one 
child.   Kenneth  C.  Hogate. 


OF    THE    STATE    (IE    INDIANA 


Ml 


JAMES   B.   BLACK. 

It  is  seldom  that  it  falls  to  the  lot  of 
men  to  achieve  a  career  of  such  varied 
distinction  as  that  of  James  B.  Black, 
who  as  soldier,  lawyer  and  jurist  has 
carved  out  for  himself  a  place  of  enviable 
eminence. 

James  B.  Black  was  horn  at  Morris- 
town.  New  Jersey.  July  21,  L838.  He  is  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent,  his  parents.  Michael 
and  Jane  Whitsides  Black,  having  mi- 
grated from  the  north  of  Ireland.  His 
father  was  a  highly  respected  minister  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  attached 
to  the  North  Indiana  and  the  Southeast 
Indiana  conferences.  James  came  to  In- 
diana in  his  eighth  year.  He  taught 
school  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  With  means 
thus  earned  he  attended  Asbury  Uni- 
versity, at  Greencastle,  and  the  State 
University  at  Bloomington.  While  a 
member  of  the  junior  class  and  a  tutor  at 
the  latter  institution,  he  enlisted  in  April, 
1861,  as  a  private  soldier  in  the  first  com- 
pany of  the  Union  troops  organized  in 
Monroe  county.  He  was  at  first  con- 
nected with  the  Fourteenth  Indiana  Infan- 
try as  a  Sergeant  in  ( 'ompany  K,  hut  before 
that  regiment  went  to  the  front  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Eighteenth  Indiana 
Infantry,  and  became  a  Second  Lieuten- 
ant. He  went  to  the  field  in  Missouri 
as  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  H  of  that 
regiment.  He  was  afterward  commis- 
sioned and  mustered  as  Captain  and  Major, 
and  was  also  commisioned  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  same  regiment.  He  served 
as  a  soldier  for  three  years  and  eight 
months,  and  was  in  many  campaigns. 
He  was  under  Fremont.  Hunter.  Curtis 
and  Davidson  in  Missouri  and  Arkansas. 
He  was  with  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps 
in  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  battles  and 
siege,  and  after  tin-  surrender  of  that 
place,  accompanied  the  same  corps  to  the 
Gulf  Department,  serving  in  the  cam- 
paigns on  the  Teche  and  upon  the  coast  of 
Texas,  and  taking  part    in  the  capture   of 


Aransas  Pass  and  Fort  Esperanza.  In  the 
winter  of  1863-64  lie  served  for  some 
months  as  Judge  Advocate  of  General 
Courts  Martial  on  Matagorda  Island,  and 
at  Indianola.  At  the  latter  place  hisregi- 
ment  -'veteranized."  In  June.  IS64-,  he 
returned  to  Indiana  with  his  regiment  on 
its  veteran  furlough  of  thirty  days,  at  the 
expiration  of  which  he  went  with  his 
command  to  Virginia.  After  a  short 
service  at  Deep  Bottom,  on  the  James 
river,  in  Grant's  Petersburg  campaign, 
the  regiment  having  been  transferred 
to  the  Nineteenth  Army  Corps,  re- 
turned to  Washington,  and  thence  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Shenandoah  Valley  and  took 
pai't  in  all  the  battles  of  Sheridan's  cam 
paign  there.  He  became  a  resident  of 
Indianapolis  in  1865,  and  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Porter,  Harrison  &  Fishback, 
and  in  the  law  school  conducted  by  Hon. 
David  .McDonald.  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  Indiana.  Mr. 
Black  was  admitted  to  the  bars  of  Marion 
county,  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  United 
States  Courts  in  I  S66,  and  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Judge  Byron  K.  Elliott, 
which  continued  until  1869.  In  1868  he 
was  nominated  upon  the  Republican  State 
ticket  and  elected  as  Reporter  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Indiana  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  Hon.  Benj.  Harrison.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1872,  and  served  two  terms 
in  this  office,  publishing  twenty-four  vol- 
umes of  reports  of  the  decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  volumes  thirty  to  fifty- 
three  inclusive.  In  1^7  7  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  the  law.  Upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  ( 'eiitral  Law  School  of  Indiana, 
in  I S79.  he  became  a  member  of  the  faculty. 
He  has  also  been  a  lecturer  in  other  law 
schools.  In  L882  he  was  appointed  by  the 
Supreme    Court    as    a    member    of    the 

Supreme   Court    Commission,   to   succ 1 

Commissioner  Horatio  C.  Newcomb,  and 
he  served  in  that  capacity  for  three  years, 
until  the  expiration  of  the  Commission. 
He  then  again  resumed  the  practice,  and. 


24:6 


HlSToKV    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


S^^9f, 


election.  In  1875  he  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from  the 
Indiana  University.  He  is  a  meniher  of 
the  college  fraternity  of  the  Beta  Theta 
I'i.  and  is  a  Master  Mason.  He  belongs 
to  the  Indianapolis  Literary  Club,  is 
president  of  the  Shakespeare  Clnb,  of  In- 
dianapolis, and  is  a  member  of  various 
other  organizations.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  military  order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of 
the  United  States,  insignia  7,040.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  George  II.  Thomas 
Post,  No.  17,  Department  of  Indiana, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  which 
post  he  is  a  Past  Commander.  He  was  in- 
strumental in  the  organization  of  the 
Board  of  Visitors  for  this  department  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  to  the  Indiana  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Home,  in  1886,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber and  the  president  of  that  hoard  for 
many  rears. 


while  so  engaged,  also  prepared  Black's 
Indiana  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  published  in  1889.  He 
served  for  a  period  in  L890  and  1891,  as  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  School  Commis- 
sioners, of  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  having 
been  elected  to  the  office  by  the  hoard. 
Upon  the  creation  of  the  Appellate  Court 
he  was  appointed  one  of  its  judges  by  (4ov- 
erner  Alvin  P.  Hovey,  in  March,  1891.  At 
the  organization  of  the  court,  though 
third  in  the  order  of  seniority,  he  was 
chosen  by  the  other  members  of  the  bench 
Chief  Judge  for  the  first  term.  At  the 
Republican  State  convention  of  L892  he 
was  nominated  as  the  candidate  for  Judge 
of  the  Appellate  Court  for  his  judicial  dis- 
trict, but  was  defeated  with  the  other  Re- 
publican nominees  upon  the  ticket  at  the 
election.  In  1896  he  was  again  nomin- 
ated for  the  Appellate  bench,  and  this 
time  the  party  was  successful.  He  was 
again  upon  the  Republican  State  ticket  for 
the  same  office  in  1898,  and  was  again 
elected,  and  he  is  now  serving  under  that 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  CROMER. 

One  of  Indiana's  representatives  in  the 
present  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
whose  brilliant  victory  in  the  campaign  of 
1898  won  him  fame  in  all  parts  of  the 
State,  is  George  Washington  Cromer 
The  struggle  in  his  district,  the  eighth, 
was  a  fierce  one,  tint  Mr.  Cromer  tri- 
umphed by  a  handsome  majority.  His 
election  to  the  Lower  House  of  Congress 
is  but  another  step  higher  in  a  brilliant 
political  career.  All  he  has  secured  in 
life,  as  a  lawyer,  and  later  as  a  popular 
and  successful  candidate,  is  due  to  his 
tireless  industry  and  energy. 

Mr.  Cromer  was  horn  on  a  farm  in 
Madison  county.  May  13,  1856.  His 
father,  Josiah  Cromer,  descended  from  a 
family  of  long  lived  and  thrifty  agricul- 
turists. With  the  exception  of  a  short  stay 
in  the  common  schools,  he  worked  on  the 
farm  until  of  age  and  then  began  to  edu- 
cate himself,  with  a  little  assistance  from 
his  father.  He  attended  Wittenberg  Col- 
lege, at  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  later  en- 
tered the  Indiana  State  University,  from 


(IF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


247 


which  he  graduated  in  1882  with  the  de- 
gree of  A.  B.  In  1884  he  began  to  read 
law.  and  here  his  progress  was  so  rapid 
that  in  1886  lie  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  forty-sixth  judicial  cir- 
cuit, and  re-elected  in  1S88.  He  was 
elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Muncie,  in 
ls!i+.  by  the  largest  majority  ever  given 
anyone  tor  that  office.  As  one  of  Muncie's 
most  efficient  executives,  he  attained  the 
wonderful  popularity  which  insured  his 
success  in  his  Congressional  campaign  in 
1898.  He  is  especially  popular  with  the 
working  men,  who  respect  and  trust  him 
as  one  of  their  best  friends 

Mr.  Cromer  was  married  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1895  to  Miss  Francis  J.  Soule.  He 
.is  a  member  of  the  orders  B.  J'.  0.  Elks, 
K.  of  P..  I.  O.  0.  F..  and  I.  0.  R.  M. 

Mr.  Cromer  lias  rendered  valuable  and 
efficient  services  to  his  party  in  many  ways. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  Delaware  county 
Republican  committee  in  1892,  was 
elected  to  the  State  committee  in  1892, 
and  re-elected  in  1894,  in  all  of  which 
positions  he  served  with  great  credit. 

C.   F.    HEILMAN. 

Charles  Frederick  Heilman.  one  of 
the  most  prominent  and  enterprising 
young  business  men  of  Evans ville.  as  well 
as  one  of  the  most  influential  Republicans 
of  the  first  district,  was  horn  at  Evans- 
ville.  December  9,  1871.  His  father. 
William  Heilman.  was  one  of  the  weal- 
thiest men  of  Evansville  and  had  been 
identified  for  years  with  the  development 
of  the  city.  He  was  interested  in  a  hank, 
a  number  of  manufacturing  enterprises 
and  railroads  and  had  represented  the  dis- 
trict in  Congress  a  number  of  times  as  a 
Republican,  though  it  was  normally  Demo- 
cratic. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Evans- 
ville and  given  a  thorough  business  train- 
ing. Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in 
1890,    he  undertook    the  management  of 


the  great  estate  left  by  Mr.  Heilman.  and 
lias  managed  it  with  care  and  ability. 
He  has  been  active  and  influential  in 
county  and  city  politics  and  has  been  a 
delegate  to  every  State  convention  that 
has  been  held  since  he  became  a  voter. 
He  is  secretary  of  the  Evansville  Cotton 
Manufacturing  Company  and  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Vanderburg  Club. 


EDWARD  EVERETT  NEAL. 

Hon.  Edward  Everett  Xeal.  one  of 
the  most  prominent  of  the  younger  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  of  1S99,  was  horn 
May  18,  1864,  at  Deming,  Hamilton 
county.  Indiana.  His  father  was  Rev. 
Jabez  Neal,  a  Methodist  minister,  and  one 
of  the  famous  pioneer  preachers  of  Indiana. 
A  man  of  Irish  descent,  he  was  possessed 
of  great  natural  ability  and  was  an  elo- 
quent and  forceful  pulpit  orator.  His  wife 
was  Mary  E.  Bowman,  a  most  estimable 
woman  of  Scotch  ancestry.  Their  son  was 
given  an  academic  education  and  then  be- 
gan teaching  in  a  common  school.      Later 


248  IIISTOKY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PART? 

he  was  appointed  Deputy  Auditor  of  Ham-  The    father,    Levi    Beern,    grew    from 

i  1 1 •  >i i  county,  and   at   twenty  obtained  an  childhood    to    manhood    amid   these   sur- 

appointment    in    the    Adjutant-General's  roundings   and  married    Sarah    Johnson, 

office   at    Washington.      While    there    he  whose   father   had    come  from  Ohio  and 

went  through  the  National  University  Law  taken  up  land  adjoining  the  Beem  family. 

School   and  later  took  a  year  of  study  in  They    lived    a   happy   ami  successful    lite. 

Europe.      Returning  he  took  a  position  as  rearing   a   family  of   twelve  children,   of 

proof   reader  on  the  Chicago  Herald.      In  whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was   the 

L 890  he  returned  to  Noblesville  and  began  sixth.      David  E.   was  horn  on   the  farm 

the   practice   of   law    and    later  was   ap-  June  24,   1837,  and  continued  there  until 

pointed  official  stenographer  of  the  Ham-  nineteen  years  of  aye.  taking  advantage  of 

ilton     County    Circuit    Court,    a    position  such    education    as    the    common    schools 

which  he  still  holds.      <  >n  November  23.  offered  and  putting  in  much  of  his  time  in 

lss?.    he   was   married   to    Miss  Lula    E.  the  rugged  work  of  the  fanner's  boy.      He 

1  »urfee,  of  Noblesville,  and  they  have  three  was  ambitious,  however,  for  a  higher  edu- 

daughters.  cation,     and    what    the    common    schools 

Mr.   Xeal  has  been  active  in  the  Repub-  kicked  he  made  up  in  study  at  home  until 

Iican  politics  of    Hamilton  county  and  has  he  was  able  to  pass  an  examination    for 

given  particular  attention  to  the  Republi-  tne  State  University,  which  he  entered  in 

can  League  organization;   beginning  as  a  1856,  graduating  in  L860.      All  during  his 

county  organizer  he  was  later  made  district  college  course  he  continued  to  put  in  every 

secretary    and    was   unanimously    elected  moment    of    leisure    he  could  get   in   the 

State  secretary  of  the  league  in   1897.      In  stu,1.v   nt'   1;iw.  and    thus   was   admitted  to 

1898  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the  tne  bar  in  1860. 

Legislature  as  Representative  of  Hamilton  He    had    just    formed    a    partnership 

county,  and  during  his  service  there  made  with     Hon.     Samuel      11.      Buskirk      that 

an  excellent  record   as  a  man    of   patriotic  promised     great     things    when     the    War 

motive,  keen  intelligence  and  sound  com-  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out  and   he  threw 

mon  sense.  up   unhesitatingly    all    his   prospects   and 

hastened  to  volunteerfor  the  Union  arm)-. 

He  was  the  first  man  in    Owen    county   to 

DAVID  E.   BEEM.  respond   to  the   President's  call  for  troops 

Judge  David  E.  Beem  has  long  enjoyed     and  assisted  in  tl rganization  of  the  first 

the  distinction  of  being  the  undisputed  company  there  raised.  On  April  18,  1861, 
leader  of  the  Republican  party  in  Owen  he  enlisted  as  First  Sergeant  in  this  corn- 
county,  hut  above  and  beyond  that  he  has  pany.  It  had  been  raised  in  response  to 
enjoyed  that  very  general  popularity,  re-  the  call  lor  three  months"  troops,  hut.  as 
spect  and  esteem  that  comes  to  the  man  who  the  quota  for  Indiana  was  already  filled. 
lives  a  clean  life  and  uses  the  high  abilities  it  was  finally  mustered  into  service  for 
with  which  nature  has  endowed  him  for  the  three  years  as  Company  H  of  the  Four- 
betterment  of  humanity.  Daniel  Beem,  his  teenth  Indiana  Volunteers,  (in  the  loth 
greatgrandfather,  came  to  Indiana  Terri-  day  of  July  the  regiment  arrived  at  Fich 
foiy  in  1810  and  lived  in  a  stockade  foil.  Mountain.  Va..  and  composed  the  reserve 
near  Brownstown.  Jackson  county.  After  force  during  the  battle  nexl  day  at  that 
the  close  of  the  War  of  1812  the  family  set-  place,  joining  in  the  pursuit  of  the  Rebels 
fled  in  Owen  county,  taking  up  the  land  after  thai  successful  engagement  as  far  as 
where  the  thriving  city  of  Spencer  now  Cheat  Mountain.  Va.  The  regiment  re- 
stands,  mained    there    until    October,     LS61,       In 


OF    THE    STATE  <  >F    INDIANA.                                                                  249 

August,  1861,  Sergeant  Beem  was  pro  L870  he  organized  the  banking  firm  of 
moted  to  First  Lieutenanl  of  his  company.  Beem,  Peden  &  ('<>..  and  lias  been  its  man- 
After  having  participated  in  numerous  aging  member  continuously  to  the  present 
skirmishes,  and  having  endured  many  time.  In  L873  he  embarked  in  the  pork 
hardships  through  the  winter  of  LS61-62,  packing  business  ai  Spencer,  but  the  same 
the  regiment  was  transferred  to  the  Shen-  did  not  prove  to  be  a  success  as  the  business 
andoah  Valley,  and  took  an  active  part  in  of  summer  packing  resulted  in  destroying 
the  battle  nf  Winchester  on  March  23,  country  packing  houses,  and  the  business 
1862,  where  Lieutenant  Beem  received  a  was  concentrated  in  the  large  cities, 
severe  wound  in  thechin.  ( »n  a  surgeon's  David  E.  Beem  has  held  no  public  officeof 
certificate,  he  received  a.  sixty  days'  leave  consequence,  hut  has  always  been  an  active 
of  absence  and  returned  home.  At  the  and  zealous  member  of  the  Republican 
expiration  of  his  leave  he  rejoined  his  com-  party.  He  served  his  party  as  chairman 
mand,  and  in  May,  I S62,  was  promoted  to  of  its  county  central  committee  during 
Captain,  which  position  he  held  until  the  three  political  campaigns.  In  LSSOhe  was 
expiration  nt'  his  term  of  service  in  June  a  delegate  from  the  fifth  Congressional 
1864.  district  in  the  Republican  National  con- 
After  arduous  and  faithful  service  in  vention,  which  met  in  Chicago,  and  after 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  Captain  Beem's  voting  thirty-four  times  for  James  G. 
command  was  transferred  in  July.  LS62,  Blaine  he  finally  cast  his  vote  for  James 
to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  from  A..  Garfield  for  t  he  nomination  for  Presi- 
that    date   to   the   expiration  of  its  term  dent. 

of  service  the  Fourteenth  Indiana  In-  '"  |sss  he  was  chosen  Presidential 
fantry  participated  in  all  the  great  Elector  for  his  Congressional  district,  and 
battles  fought  by  that  army.  A1  An-  in  the  electoral  college  voted  for  Benjamin 
tietam,  Captain  Beem's  company  lost.  Harrison  for  President.  He  was  in  L8S6 
in  killed  and  mortally  wounded,  just  ;1  candidate  before  the  Republican  State 
one-sixth  of  its  number;  and  at  Fred  convention  for  the  nomination  of  Treas- 
ericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  urer  of  State,  but  was  not  successful. 
Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  and  many  although  he  received  votes  from  sixty- 
minor  engagements,  in  all  of  which  he  three  counties.  He  served  for  many 
borea  part,  the  Fourteenth  Indiana  fairly  years  as  School  Trustee,  and  as  such  aided 

earned   its  reputation  as  a  fighting  regi-      in  organizing  the  graded  and  high  scl Is 

ment       In    August,     1863,    the   regiment  "''  Spencer,   now  anion-  the  besl   in    the 

was  sent   to  New  York   to  aid  in  quelling  State,    and    was  largely    instrumental    in 

the   draft   riots    which    occurred   there   at  causing    the    construction    of    the    high 

that    time.      The   number   of  officers   and  school  building,  which  is  the   pride  of  the 

men    killed    in  battle,  or   who   died    from  town. 

wounds    received     in    battle    in    Captain  In     I860    he    united    with    the   Metho- 

Beem's  company,  was  nineteen,    (inly  two  disl    Episcopal   Church,   of    which   he    has 

of  this  number  were  killed  while  the  Cap-  been   an   active   member  ever  since.      He 

tain  was  not  on  duty  with  and  in  command  represented   the   Indiana   Conference  as  a 

of  the  company.     On  his  return  from  the  lay  delegate  in  the  general  conference  of 

service.  Captain    Beem   resumed    the  prac-  the  M.  F.  Church  which  met  in  New  York 

tice  of  law    at    Spencer,    in    which    he  has  May.   1SSS. 

continued  until  the  present  time.  Captain  Beem  is  proud  <'(  the  fad  that 

Mi'.  Beem  has  been  foremost  in  the  busi-  he    was    a    soldier   in    the    Union    army. 

ness  and  local  enterprise  of  his  town.      In  and    takes    -real     interest    in    the    Grand 


HISTORY    OK   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Army  of  the  Republic.  He  is  a  char- 
ter member  of  the  Gettysburg  Post  at 
Spencer,  and  was  its  firsi  commander. 
Be  attends  almost  all  of  the  department 
and  National  encampments  of  the  Order, 
and  has  served  as  judge  advocate  of  the 
department  in  Indiana. 

He  is  nmv  and  for  eight  years  has  Keen 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Purdue  University. 

In  L  862  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mahala 
Joslin,  daughter  of  Dr.  Amasa  Joslin,  one 
of  the  pioneer  physicians  of  Spencer. 
They  have  been  Messed  with  three  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  survive,  to-wit:  Minnie 
Montrose,  now  wife  of  Rev.  Robb  Zaing; 
Levi  A.  and  David  J.  Mrs.  Beeni  is  a 
devoted  and  consistent  member  of  the  M. 
E.  Church,  and  is  active  and  useful  in 
church,   benevolent  and  charitable  work. 


GEO.   A.    H.   SHIDELER. 

No  more  popular  appointment  has  been 
made  in  Indiana  for  years  than  that  of 
Geo.  A.  H.  Shideler  as  warden  of  the 
State  prison  at  Michigan  City.  Mr.  Shi- 
deler's  first  appearance  in  State  politics  was 
when,  in  1897,  he  came  as  a  member  of  the 
legislature  from  Grant  county.  Young, 
level  headed  and  kindly  natured,  he  made 
friends  everywhere  and  those  who  first 
liked  him  simply  as  a  good  fellow  soon 
learned  to  admire  him  as  a  man  of  sound 
judgment,  high  motives  and  keen  intelli- 
gence. Mr.  Shideler  was  horn  at  Jones- 
boro,  Grant  county.  November  23,  1st',:;. 
His  father.  1).  B.  Shideler,  is  now  one  of 
the  best  known  citizens  of  Indianapolis, 
having  been  for  many  years  State  Mana- 
ger for  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance 
Society.  His  mother  was  Sarah  J.  Evis- 
ton.  a  daughter  of  Elias  Eviston.  Mr. 
Shideler's  grandparents  came  from  Preble 
county.  Ohio,  in  1836  and  lived  for  fifty- 
two  years  in  Grant  county.  His  maternal 
grandparents  were  from  Virginia.  The 
voung   man  was  educated  in  the  village 


schools  of  Jonesboro,  and  at  fourteen  years 
came  to  Indianapolis  to  make  his  fortune. 
Ee  found  employment  as  a  cash  hoy  in 
one  of  the  leading  dry  goods  stores.  Two 
years  later  he  was  promoted  to  the  position 
of  salesman.  From  here  he  went  into  the 
wholesale  dry  goods  house  of  Byron  & 
Cornelius,  and  at  twenty  became  a  travel- 
ing salesman  for  the  firm.  Four  years 
later  he  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Marion  Flint  Class  Company,  and  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  corporation,  a 
position  which  he  still  holds,  though  it  is 
probable  that  his  holdings  in  the  company 
will  he  disposed  of  within  a  few  months. 
Mr.  Shideler  was  elected  in  the  legisla- 
ture in  the  autumn  of  1  s'.iti  and  during 
his  first  session  made  a  reputation  that 
was  State  wide.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  prisons,  and  a  member  of 
the  ways  and  means  committee.  He  went 
into  both  subjects  with  great  thoroughness. 
At  the  close  of  the  session  Gov.  Mount  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Reform  School  at  Plainfield.  and  this  led 
to  a  further  study  of  prison  matters  upon 
his  part.  He  returned  to  the  legislature 
of  1899  fully  equipped  as  one  of  the  best 
informed  men  in  either  house  on  prison 
legislation,  and  it  was  largely  due  to  his 
efforts  that  Indiana  took  very  advanced 
ground  in  the  treatment  of  her  criminals. 
He  also  made  a  great  fight  for  the  medical 
profession  in  putting  through  both  houses 
an  act  licensing  physicians. 

When,  in  August.  1899,  Charley  Har- 
ley.  warden  of  the  State  prison,  tendered 
his  resignation,  the  board  looked  anxiously 
over  the  State  to  find  the  best  man  to  suc- 
ceed him.  They  elected  Mr.  Shideler  and 
their  selection  met  with  universal  appro- 
bation from  both  parties.  A  young  man 
of  clean  character,  unquestioned  integrity 
and  zealous  enthusiasm,  endowed  with  an 
enormous  amount  of  sound  common  sense, 
nobody  questions  that  he  will  make  a 
model  head  for  the  great  institution  of 
which  he  is  to  have  charge. 


OP   THK   STATE   OF    INDIANA. 


james  m   Mcintosh. 

James  MartindaleMcIntosh,  withone 
short  term  in  the  legislature,  succeeded  in 

making-  himself  one  of  the  most  popular 
and  influential  young  Republicans  of  In- 
diana. He  was  horn  at  Connersville,  Indi- 
ana. November  14.  ls"»s.  His  father. 
JamesC.  Mcintosh,  was  an  attorney  whose 
fame  spread  throughout  Southeastern  Indi- 
ana. He  was  a  man  high  up  in  the  coun- 
cils of  the  Methodist  Church.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  Asbury  University  (now  De 
Pauw)  and  was  twice  a  delegate  to  the 
general  conferences  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
The  young  man  was  educated  at  Asbury 
University  and  began  life  as  a  clerk  in  the 
Citizens'  Bank  at  Connersville.  In  1882 
he  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Con- 
nersville. which  he  still  continues  very 
successfully.  In  1892  he  was  chosen  as 
cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Connersville.  resuming  the  practice  again 
in  1895.  He  is  also  a  stockholder  and 
officer  in  various  manufacturing  con- 
cerns. He  early  began  to  take  an  active 
interest  in  the  success  of  the  Republican 
party  and  has  been  chairman  of  the  Fay- 
ette county  central  committee  for  twelve 
or  thirteen  years.  In  1886  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Connersville  and  at 
the  close  of  this  term,  in  L890,  was  made 
Clerk  of  the  Fayette  Circuit  Court,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  1  *'.»+.  In 
this  year  he  was  elected  joint  Representa- 
tive in  the  legislature  and  there  made  a 
splendid  record.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
efficient  members  of  the  ways  and  means 
committee  that  put  the  finances  of  Indi- 
ana upon  a  sound  business  basis  and  re- 
duced the  expenditures  of  the  State  to  less 
than  its  income.  It  was  he  who  suc- 
ceeded in  pushing  through  the  legislature 
the  educational  tax  bill  which  placed  the 
higher  educational  institutions  of  the  State 
upon  an  independent  basis  and  provided 
for  them  an  ample  income  without  the 
necessity  of  lobbying  in  every  legislature. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Anna   L.  Pepper 


at  Connersville  in  IS90  and  they  have  four 
children.  Socially.  Mr.  Mcintosh  is  one 
of  the  most  likeable  of  men.  He  is  a 
member  of  a  number  of  clubs  and  frater- 
nities and  counts  his  friends  throughout 
Indiana  by  the  hundred. 


DAN   WAUGH. 

Happy  is  the  man  who  so  shapes  his  life 
that  he  can  look  hack  along  its  whole 
course  and  find  there  no  blemish  of  word 
or  deed,  who  knows  that  he  has  clung  to 
his  ideals  of  cleanliness,  courage  and  man- 
liness, and  who  at  the  end  conies  down  the 
shady  side  of  life  safe  in  the  affection  and 
respect  of  all  who  have  known  him.  Such 
has  been  the  simple  life  story  of  Judge 
Dan  Waugh.  who.  though  a  Republican 
or  Republican  in  principle,  has  lived  his 
life  in  the  Democratic  stronghold  of  Tipton 
county,  and  lived  it  so  well  that  he  counts 
among  his  friends  and  supporters  men  of 
all  parties  and  of  all  conditions.  Mr. 
Waugh  was  born  in  Wells  county,  Indiana. 
March  7.  1842,  the  son  of  Archibald  B. 
and  Nancy  Waugh.  His  father  was  a 
farmer  in  fairly  good  circumstances,  and 
he  educated  the  boy  at  a  private  school  in 
Wells  county.  His  early  life  was  spent  in 
farming,  teaching  common  schools,  and 
studying  law  at  such  spare  times  as  he 
could  catch.  Just  as  he  was  upon  tin 
threshold  of  life  the  Civil  War  broke  out. 
and  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  C<  impany  A  i  if 
the  Thirty-fourth  Indiana,  where  he  served 
with  courage  and  credit  for  three  years. 
Returning  home  he  resumed  the  study  of 
law.  was  dually  admitted  to  the  bar.  and 
began  practicing  in  Tipton.  He  practiced 
law  as  he  did  everything  else,  exercising 
conscientious  care,  force  of  character  and 
fidelity  in  handling  his  cases.  In  lss-t  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  thirty-sixth  judi- 
cial circuit  and  served  until  IS90.  In  LS90 
he  was  a  candidate  for  the  Congressional 
nomination  in  the  old  ninth   district.      He 


HISTORY    <iK   THE    REPUBLICAN    l'\i:n 


\v;is  successful  in  one  of  the  most  memor- 
able conventions  the  district  has  ever  held. 
There  was  a  large  field  of  candidates  when 
the  convention  met  at  Eokomo,  and  the 
balloting  seemed  endless.  Thequiel  stav- 
ing qualities  of  Judge  Waugh  and  his 
unblemished  reputation  stood  him  well  in 
need  iii  fhis  contest,  and  when  the  break- 
up came  he  was  nominated  by  acclamation, 
and  out  of  the  whole  field  of  candidates 
no  other  could  have  been  chosen  whose 
success  would  have  caused  such  general 
satisfaction  among  his  opponents.  He 
was  easily  elected  and  made  an  excellent 
record  in  Congress.  Two  years  later  lie 
was  renominated  without  opposition  and 
again  elected,  and  this  process mighl  have 
continued  indefinitely,  but  for  the  fact  that 
he  declined  to  stand  for  the  third  nomina- 
tion, preferring  to  resume  the  practice  of 
law.  Mr.  Waugh  was  married  in  1^70. 
at  Tipton,  to  Miss  Alice  E.  Grove,  and 
they  have  a  family  of  three  charming 
daughters. 


GEN.    LEW  WALLACE. 

No  name  in  American  literature  and 
few.  if  any.  in  American  military  and 
diplomatic  history  are  better  known  than 
that  of  Gen.  Lew  Wallace.  It  is  doubt- 
ful if  any  writer  of  the  present  century 
has  won  so  wide  a  circle  of  readers  in  the 
various  lands  and  languages  of  the  earth, 
as  has  the  author  of  Hen  Hur.  With  the 
reverent  touch  of  a  master  hand  he  has 
succeeded  as  no  other  man  has  in  invad- 
ing the  precincts  of  our  most  sacred  his- 
tory and  has  written  a  story  that  has 
touched  the  hearts  and  held  the  attention 
of  millions.  It  is  but  one  man  in  thou 
sands  that  succeeds  in  achieving  high  dis- 
tinction  in  one  line  of  activity,  and  when 

lie   does    he    is    content    to    rest     his    repnta 

tioii  upon  this  achievement,  but  not  so 
Genera]  Wallace.  His  name  as  a  soldier 
in  commaud  of  armies,  and  as  a  success- 
ful diplomat  shines  with  a  lustre  scarcely 
less  brilliant   than  his  name  as  an  author. 


In  the  early  days  of  Indiana.  Brook- 
ville,  now  a  little,  sleepy  old  town  among 
the  hills  of  Franklin  county,  was  one  of 
the  foremost  centres  of  culture  and  refine- 
ment in  the  West.  Here  Lew  Wallace 
was  born  April  In.  L827,  and  began  a 
life  of  romance  and  success  that  would,  if 
written  in  a  novel,  immediately  be  pro 
nounced  by  the  critics  as  preposterous  and 
beyond  belief.  His  father  was  David  Wal- 
lace, one  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  State, 
who.  ten  years  after  the  birth  of  his  son,  was 
elected  Governor  of  Indiana.  His  mother 
was  Miss  Esther  Test,  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Test,  whose  name  figures  largely  in  the 
judicial  and  political  history  of  Indiana. 
She  died  when  her  son  was  ten  years  of 
age  and  from  that  time  on  the  boy  impa- 
tiently threw  off  control  or  restraint  of 
any  kind.  But  endowed  with  the  best 
blood  of  the  State  and  a  pure  heart  his 
unlimited  liberty,  instead  of  leading  him 
into  regretable  ways  of  life,  simply  gave 
freedom  and  scope  to  his  boyish  imagina- 
tion and  aspirations.  He  loved  the  woods 
anil  the  fields.  To  him  nature  was  an 
open  book,  a  book  of  infinite  variety  and 
never  ending  interest.  Though  an  omni- 
verous  reader  in  his  father's  varied  and 
extensive  library  he  was  utterly  impatient 
of  the  dull  routine  of  the  school  room,  and 
though  he  started  into  school  time  and 
again  it  is  doubtful  whether  in  his  whole 
lite  he  received  more  than  two  full  years 
of  school  i nst  ruction.  Nevertheless  he  pre- 
pared himself  for  college  and  entered 
Wabash,  but  found  there  the  same  unen- 
durable restraint  and  his  stay  was  brief. 
Yet  it  must  not  be  thought  that  he  grew 
up  without  education.  Governor  Wallace 
was  a  man  of  broad  learning  and  culture 
and  the  boy  was  surrounded  at  all  times 
with  people  of  education  and  refinement. 
After  leaving  college  he  came  to  Indi- 
anapolis and  began  the  study  of  law  in  bis 
father's  office,  hut  lie  had  the  artistic 
temperament  and  the  law  was  drudgery. 
From    earlv   childhood    he    had    shown    a 


•254 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


great  aptitude  for  drawing  and  the  ambi- 
tion of  his  life  was  to  become  an  artist. 
The  flyleaves  of  his  law  bonks  were  cov- 
ered, as  had  been  those  of  his  school 
books,  with  clever  sketches  and  carica- 
tures. But  art  in  the  West  was  in  a 
crude  state  and  fortunately  there  was  no 
opportunity  for  him  to  cultivate  his  talent 
in  this  direction.  Yet  at  odd  times,  dur- 
ing his  subsequent  life,  he  bad  returned 
to  it  merely  for  recreation  and  has  pro- 
duced a  few  pictures  in  oil  that  would 
readily  have  won  him  more  than  a 
local  reputation  as  an  artist,  bad  this  work 
not  been  so  greatly  overshadowed  by  his 
achievements  in  other  fields. 

When  he  was  nineteen,  and  still  en- 
gaged in  the  study  of  law  in  Indianapolis, 
the  Mexican  war  broke  out.  The  mil- 
itary instinct  of  bis  race  was  strong 
within  him  and  he  immediately  dropped 
bis  studies  and  enlisted  with  the  First 
Indiana.  He  soon  distinguished  himself 
and  was  commissioned  as  Second  Lieuten- 
ant and  later  won  promotion  to  a  First 
Lieutenancy.  It  was  during  bis  experience 
in  the  field  that  be  learned  from  a  com- 
rade, whose  home  was  in  Crawfordsville, 
of  the  existence  of  Susan  Elston,  daughter 
of  a  banker  at  Crawfordsville,  whose  fam- 
ily was  one  of  considerable  wealth  and 
distinction  there.  As  described  to  him, 
Susan  Elston  wasa  beautiful  girl  of  tastes 
that  were  almost  exactly  his  own.  An 
omniverous  reader  of  books  and  a  writer 
of  no  small  talent  she  was  one  of  the  lead- 
ers in  tlie  cultured  circles  of  the  "Athens 
of  the  West."  Returning  to  Indianapolis 
at  the  close  of  the  war  he  sought  the  ac- 
quaintance of  Miss  Elston  and  found  her 
to  be  all  and  more  than  he  had  dreamed 
of  from  his  comrade's  enthusiastic  descrip- 
tion. Their  friendship  soon  ripened  into 
love  and  three  years  later  they  were  mar- 
ried and  took  up  their  residence  at  Coving- 
ton. Here  their  only  child,  Henry  Lane 
Wallace,  was  born.  Shortly  afterward 
they    removed    to  Crawfordsville,    where 


they  have  since  resided.  General  Wal- 
lace's marriage  has  proven  one  of  those 
exceptionally  happy  ones,  where  the  wife, 
witli  full  and  sympathetic  understanding 
of  her  husband's  nature  and  genius,  lias 
been  his  constant  companion  and  helper. 
She  herself  has  written  much  that  is  of  a 
high  order  and  her  wonderful  faculty  of 
just  criticism  has  been  of  inestimable  value 
to  him  in  his  literary  work. 

It  was  during  these  years  that  General 
Wallace  began  the  work  upon  bis  first 
novel,  "  The  Fair  God. "  During  bis  cam 
paigns  in  Mexico  he  had  been  an  earnest 
student,  not  only  of  the  lives  of  the  people 
there,  but  of  the  religion  and  customs  of 
the  Aztecs  and  Toltecs,  the  most  pictur- 
esque civilization  the  world  has  ever 
known.  He  was  engaged  at  odd  times  for 
twenty  years  on  the  book  and  sometimes, 
when  it  lay  for  two  or  three  years  un- 
touched, the  faith  that  bis  wife  had  in  its 
ultimate  completion  and  success  was  one 
of  the  beautiful  things  that  made  his  life 
serene  and  happy.  He  had  persevered  in 
the  study  of  law  and  practiced  in  Craw- 
fordsville with  fair  success.  He  partici- 
pated somewhat  in  the  politics  of  the  day 
and  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  Lincoln 
and  Morton  in  the  campaign  of  1S60. 

The  call  for  troops  to  suppress  the  Rebel- 
lion found  him  away  from  home  on  legal 
business.  Without  returning  home  he  r<  ide 
across  country  on  horseback  to  Indianapolis 
tooffer  his  services  to  the  Government.  In- 
diana had  no  militia  and  Lieutenant  Wal- 
lace was  one  of  the  few  men  in  the  State 
who  had  military  experience  as  an  officer 
in  command  of  troops.  Governor  Morton 
commissioned  him  Colonel  of  the  Eleventh 
Indiana  Volunteers  and  asked  him  to  serve 
as  Adjutant-General  of  the  State.  This 
was  in  April.  The  speeches  Wallace  made 
to  the  raw  youth  of  the  State  that  were 
gathered  at  Indianapolis  to  enlist  are  re- 
membered by  many  of  them  to  this  day. 
He  told  them  flatly  that  in  enlisting  for 
the  service  they  were  giving  up  absolutely 


OF    THE    STATE    <>F    INDIANA. 


their  individuality,  their  control  of  their 
own  destiny,  their  very  lives  and  thoughts 
and  aspirations  to  the  service  of  the  State. 
Henceforth  they  must  be  machines,  not 
men  :  they  must  know  no  volition  other 
than  the  command  of  their  officers.  These 
speeches  served  as  an  index  of  the  sort  of  dis- 
cipline he  instilled  among-  the  new  recruits 
and  it  was  unquestionably  due  to  his  stern 
anil  unbending  notions  of  military  disci- 
pline that  Indiana  produced  many  of  the 
best  regiments  that  took  the  held.  In 
August,  the  Eleventh  Indiana,  whose 
tin  ee  months'  term  of  service  had  expired, 
was  reorganized  with  Wallace  again  as  its 
Colonel  and  with  it  he  went  to  the  front. 
In  the  field,  before  he  saw  action,  he  dis- 
played so  much  of  military  genius  and 
ability  that  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Brigadier-General  in  February,  1862. 
This  was  before  Ft.  Donelson.  At  Donel- 
son  his  services  on  the  Held  won  him  the 
highest  rank  in  the  army,  that  of  Major- 
General.  He  commanded  the  center  with 
General  John  A.  McClernand  on  his  left 
and  Charles  F.  Smith  on  his  right.  Dur- 
ing the  engagement  McClernand's  force 
wasattacked  and  routed.  Wallace  brought 
the  center  to  the  rescue,  reorganized  the 
demoralized  ranks  and  fought  furiously 
for  hours.  Finally  a  white  flag  appeared 
in  front  of  the  enemy's  lines  and  (ieneral 
Simon  Bolivar  Buckner,  in  command  of 
the  Rebel  forces,  a  man  whose  personal 
guest  General  Wallace  had  been  hut  two 
years  before,  sent  in  his  surrender. 

In  his  report  of  the  battle  of  Donelson 
General  Wallace  neglected  to  mention  the 
services  of  General  Hillyer,  a  member  of 
General  Grant's  staff,  who  had  been  on 
the  line  delivering  orders  from  Grant. 
When  the  battle  of  Shiloh  came  a  misun- 
derstanding arose  between  Grant  and 
Wallace  that  Hillyer  and  his  friends  made 
the  most  of,  and  the  controversy  lasted  for 
some  years.  Wallace  was  lying  at  Crump's 
Landing  when  Grant  sent  him  an  order  to 
go  to  the  assistance  of  Sherman's    army 


••  up  the  lower  or  river  road."  The  order 
was  given  verbally  to  an  orderly  who 
wrote  it  out  on  a  slip  of  paper  on  his  way 
to  Wallace's  Camp.  The  orderly  had  neg 
lected  to  write  the  phrase,  "Up  the  lower 
or  river  road,"  and  Wallace  tookhisarmy 
by  the  shortest  road.  This  disarranged 
Grant's  plan  of  battle  and  in  his  report  he 
charged  Wallace  with  being  a  laggard  in 
battle.  It  was  more  than  two  years  before 
Grant  and  Wallace  spoke  and  it  was  not 
until  on  his  deathbed  that  General  Grant 
did  full  justice  to  Wallace's  courage  and 
ability.  In  the  meantime  General  Wal 
lace's  great  exploit  at  Monocacy,  where  he 
massed  2,500  men.  and,  with  this  handful, 
gallantly  held  Jubal  Early  in  check  until 
the  Capital  could  be  reinforced  and  made 
safe  and  various  other  exploits,  had  made 
him  famous  throughout  the  country  as  one 
of  the  able  generals  of  the  war. 

Shortly  after  Monocacy  General  Wal 
lace  was  sent  on  a  special  mission  to  the 
Mexican  border  to  investigate  the  opera- 
tions of  the  French  who  were  trying  to 
place  Maxiniillian  on  the  throne.  He  was 
satisfied  that  the  dream  of  Napoleon  HI 
contemplated  not  only  the  reign  of  Maxi 
millian  in  Mexico,  hut  the  annexation  of 
all  that  southwestern  portion  of  the 
United  States  then  in  rebellion.  It  was 
through  his  judgment  and  advice  that  the 
United  States  massed  troops  on  the  Mexi- 
can border  and  served  the  curt  notice  upon 
Napoleon  that  ended  this  dream  of  empire 
and  sent  Maximillian  to  his  doom.  The 
full  story  of  this  diplomatic  incident  has 
not  vet  been  told,  hut  when  it  is  written 
it  will  form  one  of  the  most  thrilling  and 
picturesque  episodes  of  international  his- 
tory. 

Returning  from  the  secret  mission  to 
Mexico,  General  Wallace  served  upon  the 
commission  before  which  the  assassins  of 
Lincoln  were  tried  and  the  decision  of  this 
commission,  in  condemnation  of  Mrs.  Su- 
ratt.  aroused  hitter  criticism  in  the  South 
and  among  Southern  sympathizers  in  the 


256 


HISTORY    OK   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


North.  Returning  to  Crawfordsville  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  and  took  up 
and  finished  "The  Fair  God."  It  was 
published  in  1874  and  created  a  distinct 
sensation  in  the  literary  world.  The  un- 
pronounceable Aztec  names  it  contained 
interfered  not  a  little  with  its  popularity 
among  the  masses  of  the  people,  but 
nothing  could  hide  the  fine  genius,  the 
sympathetic  spirit  and  the  romantic  at- 
mosphere of  the  book.  Its  production 
was  a  surprise  to  many  of  those  who  knew 
him  best,  and  when  a  personal  friend  re- 
marked to  Mrs.  Wallace  that  he  never 
knew  it    was  in  General  Wallace  to  write 

such    a   1 k  the  wife  smiled  serenely  and 

replied  calmly:  ■'You  have  just  made  a 
discovery  of  what  I  have  known  for 
twenty  years." 

For  some  years  before  the  publication 
of  ••The  Fair  God"  the  idea  of  "Ben  Hur" 
had  been  growing  in  General  Wallace's 
mind  and  in  this  connection  it  is  interest 
ing  to  look  into  the  methods  of  his  literary 
work.  The  Wallace  home  at  Crawfords- 
ville stands  well  hack  from  the  street  in 
grounds  large  enough  to  form  a  small  city 
park.  Sloping  off  from  the  side  of  the 
house  the  ground  runs  to  a  natural  depres- 
sion and  is  covered  with  spreading  beeches. 
Here  it  was  General  Wallace's  habit  to  sit 
or  recline  in  a  hammock,  for  hours  at  a 
time,  without  communication  with  any- 
body. The  characters  of  his  greal  hook 
were  growing  and  he  was  getting  ac- 
quainted with  them.  Scenes  and  inci- 
dents were  developing  in  his  imagination 
ami  impressing  themselves  upon  his  mem- 
ory. He  once  remarked  to  the  writer  that 
before  a  line  of  ••  lien  Hur"  had  been  put 
upon  paper  he  was  so  well  acquainted 
with  his  characters  that  he  knew  the  in- 
dividual sound  of  their  voices.  The  work 
was  produced  very,  very  slowly.  With 
his  table  on  a  little  platform  under  one  of 
the  1  iceclies.  at  a  considerable  dist  a  nee  fron  i 
the  house,  he  sat  with  pencil,  paper  and 
slate.      Where   there   was   a    passage  that 


he  was  particularly  anxious  to  have  just 
right  he  wrote  it  on  his  slate,  erased  and 
wrote  and  erased  and  wrote  again,  until  it 
was  exactly  to  his  mind,  and  then  it  was 
transferred  to  paper.  When  nightfall 
came,  if  he  was  in  the  spirit  of  work,  he 
came  into  the  library  and  often  con- 
tinued until  daybreak.  One  morning, 
when  he  came  to  breakfast  without  having 
touched  his  bed.  Mrs.  Wallace  asked  with 
gentle  sympathy  how  much  he  hail  sue 
ceeded  in  accomplishing  during  the  night. 
••I  wrote  ten  lines."  he  replied,  ••but  1 
have  just  scratched  them  out."  It  is  the 
old  story:  Nothing  that  will  stand  the  test 
of  ages  is  produced  without  infinite  pains 
and  patience. 

In  l^Tit  Genera]  Wallace  was  again 
called  to  official  duty  as  a  member  of  the 
famous  returning  hoard  that  settled  the 
election  of  1  876  and  gave  to  the  world  a  re- 
markable demonstration  of  the  fact  that  a 
great  republic  could  go  through  such  a 
crisis  as  a  disputed  election  of  its  chief 
magistrate  without  violence  or  bloodshed. 
The  next  year  he  was  appointed  Governor 
of  New  Mexico  and  served  four  years.  He 
found  t'ue  Territory  tilled  with  an  alien  pop- 
ulation and  overrun  by  bandits  and  all  sorts 
of  cutthroats  and  criminals  who  had  found 
there  a  refuge  from  the  civilized  law  and 
order  of  the  older  States.  The  story  of 
his  administration  of  the  Territory  during 
these  troublous  times  would  fill  an  inter- 
esting volume,  hut  his  stern  military  no- 
tions, his  sense  of  inexorable  justice  and  a 
moral  as  well  as  physical  courage  that 
knew  no  fear  worked  wonders  and  at  the 
end  he  left  New  Mexico  the  peaceful  civil- 
ized Territory  it  has  since  remained. 

It  was  while  he  was  in  New  Mexico  that 
the  concluding  chapters  of  ••Ben  Hur" 
were  written  under  the  roof  of  the  old 
pueblo  where  he  made  his  home.  The 
manuscript  was  offered  to  the  Harpers  and 
accepted  after  three  weeks  of  deliberat  LOD 
Its  >uccess  was  immediate  and  within  a 
year  it  had  taken   its  place,  not  only   as  a 


OF    THE    STATE    OK    INDIANA.  25? 

classic,    but    as    a     book    whose    circle    of  great  books  of    the  century.      Since    then 

readers   in    Christian    countries    was   ex-  he  has  published  a  few  poems  and  maga- 

ceeded  only  by  that  of  the  Bible.  zine  articles. 

While  he  was  still  serving  as  Governor  Naturally  the  royalties  on  his  books 
of  New  .Mexico.  President  Garfield  read  have  made  General  Wallace  a  man  of 
••Ben  Hm-"  and  was  so  entranced  with  it  some  wealth.  Political  honors  and  honors 
that  he  was  anxious  to  have  General  Wal-  connected  with  the  soldier  organizations 
lace  enjoy  a  residence  near  the  Holy  Land.  of  the  country  have  been  heaped  heavily 
He  knew  of  the  great  diplomatic  ability  upon  him.  Living  quietly  a1  his  home  in 
he  had  displayed  in  the  Maximillian  affair  Crawfordsville  and  mingling  occasionally 
and  offered  him  the  post  of  Minister  to  in  the  society  of  Indianapolis  and  other 
Turkey.  General  Wallace  accepted  the  cities  of  the  country,  he  is  rounding  out 
mission  and  displayed  a  resourcefulness  his  life  in  the  Roman  ideal  of  otium  cum 
and  tact  that  has  since  been  the  wonder  dignitate.  Near  the  spreading  beech. 
of  the  diplomatic  world.  Notwithstand-  under  which  most  of  "Ben  Bur"  was  com- 
ing the  fact  that  there  were  many  delicate  posed,  he  has  built  for  himself  a  home  for 
questions  arising  between  the  American  his  muse.  Half  temple,  half  library  and 
and  Turkish  governments,  there  was  study,  he  has  called  it  •'The  Tent  of  Ben 
never  the  slightest  breach  of  cordiality  Hur."  Here  he  continues  his  literary  work 
between  the  two  governments  during  his  in  a.  beautiful  building  following  some- 
term  and  he  got  into  closer  personal  rela-  what  Byzantine  lines  of  architecture  and 
tionship  with  the  Sultan  than  any  for  washed  in  the  rear  by  a  small  lake,  where 
eigner  had  ever  done  before.  He  served  a  marble  balustrade  leads  to  a  boat  land- 
in  all  four  years  and  six  months  and  at  ing,  he  is  surrounded  by  a  wealth  of  curios, 
the  close  of  his  term  the  Sultan  hogged  souvenirs  and  relics  that  center  in  them 
that  he  would  ask  for  reappointment,  selves  much  of  the  associations  of  his 
This  General  Wallace  declined  to  do  and  eventful  life, 
then  the  Sultan  begged  him  to  remain  at 
Constantinople  and  accept  any  post  in  the 

Turkish  army  or  diplomatic  service  that  GEORGE  F.  McCULLOCH. 
he  might  choose.  Even  in  declining  this  George  F.  McCULLOCH,  ex-chairman 
great  offer  General  Wallace  retained  and  of  the  Republican  State  committe,  and 
retains  to  this  day  the  strong  persona]  one  of  the  strong  men  of  the  Republican 
friendship  of  the  Sultan.  WhentheGrse-  party  in  Indiana,  was  born  of  Scotch- 
co-Turkish  war  began  in  1897  it  was  very  Irish  ancestry  in  Lancaster.  Ohio,  in  Sep- 
generally  reported  and  believed  through  tember,  LS55.  His  parents  were  James  and 
out  Europe  that  the  Sultan  had  offered  Caroline  .1.  McCulloch.  His  father  was 
General  Wallace  the  supreme  command  a  native  of  Cumberland  count}',  Pa.,  and 
of  the  Turkish  armies,  but  Wallace  him-  a  practicing  physician,  having  graduated 
self  has  never  confirmed  the  rumor.  A  in  ls-L>  from  the  medical  department  of 
few  years  after  bis  return  from  Constan-  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Phila- 
tinople  General  Wallace  published  "The  delphia.  He  was  recognized  as  a  physi- 
Prince  of  India."'  a  novel  dealing  with  cian  of  ability  and  reputation.  He  died 
the  last  days  of  the  Byzantine  Empire,  in  1^77.  aged  sixty-four  years.  Mi-.  Mi- 
ami, while  it  has  not  reached  the  wonder-  Culloch's  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
ful  popularity  of  "Ben  Hur."  it  has  been  George  l>.  Foulke,  a  practicing  physician 
very    generally    regarded    as    one    of    tl f    Carlyle,    Pa.       She    is    still    living    in 


:25s 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Muncie,  and,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three, 

is  active  in  the  church,  literary  club  and 
charitable  life  of  the  city.  A  year  after 
the  birth  of  Mr.  McCulloch  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Muncie.  Ind.,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  has  had  a  very  active  busi- 
ness career  and  has  been  largely  identified 
with  the  development  of  the  gas  belt. 

Mr.  McCulloch  has  been  a  Republican 
all  his  life.  In  the  early  spring  of  1S96 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
committee,  and  there  his  strength  of  char- 
acter and  foi'ce  were  so  quickly  recognized 
that  upon  the  retirement  of  chairman 
dowdy  he  was  chosen  as  his  successor.  As 
the  time  for  reorganization  approached, 
in  the  spring  of  1898,  all  elements  of  the 
party  joined  in  asking  him  to  serve  again, 
but  his  health  was  such  as  to  make  this 
impossible  and  he  retired. 

Mr.  McCulloch  was  married  September 
11,  1883,  to  Cora,  only  daughter  of  Ar- 
thur F.  and  Samantha  C.  Patterson,  of 
Muncie.  They  have  one  child,  a  daughter, 
seven  years  old. 


JUHN  H.   OSBORN. 

John  H.  Osborn  has  been  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  one  of  the  most  valuable  and 
substantial  citizens  of  Evansville.  His 
father,  William  Osborn,  came  to  America 
in  early  childhood  and  settled  in  Rhode 
Island.  There  he  married  Miss  Ann  Bur- 
rel,  a  native  of  Glasgow.  In  1849  they 
came  westward  to  Illinois,  then  a  frontier 
State,  and  settled  in  Boone  county.  Three 
years  later  they  removed  to  Cannelton, 
Ind.,  attracted  by  the  rapid  growth  of 
manufacturing  industries  there  John  H. 
Osborn,  the  second  of  their  six  children, 
was  born  July  20,  1849,  in  Illinois,  and 
was  brought  to  Cannelton  a  babe  in  arms. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  that  city  and  there  learned  the  trade  of 
a  machinist.  He  was  employed  for  about 
fifteen   years  in  the  Indiana  Cotton  Mills 


at  Cannelton,  and  later  worked  at  his 
trade  in  various  foundries  and  machine 
shops  in  Louisville  and  <  hvensboro.  Ky. 
Coming  to  Evansville.  in  ls7.">,  he  was  en- 
gaged as  master  mechanic  in  the  Evans- 
ville Cotton  Mills,  a  position  which  he  held 
until  1884,  when  he  was  promoted  to  the 
superintendency  and  general  management 
of  the  mills.  In  this  capacity  he  is  en- 
trusted with  the  supervision  of  six  hundred 
employes  and  has  the  care  of  vast  financial 
interests.  By  natural  acumen  and  thor- 
ough, practical  training  he  has  every 
quality  for  the  proper  discharge  of  this 
important  trust.  His  enterprising  public 
spirit  and  the  general  esteem  in  which  he 
is  held  have  frequently  been  attested  by 
the  people  of  Evansville.  He  is  a  director 
in  the  Business  Men's  Association,  and 
few  public  affairs  of  moment  are  under- 
taken without  consulting  his  judgment. 
Mr.  Osborn  has  for  years  manifested  an 
active  interest  in  politics  as  an  ardent 
Republican,  but  has  never  sought  prefer- 
ment. On  the  contrary  he  has  frequently 
declined  when  solicited  to  serve  in  public 
office.  He  refused,  in  1S!»4,  the  nomina- 
tion for  Congressman,  and,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  short  term  as  Water- Works 
Trustee,  has  steadily  declined  to  enter 
public  life.  Mr.  Osborn  is  a  director  and 
member  of  the  executive  board  of  the 
Central  Trust  &  Savings  and  a  director  in 
the  Union  Savings  Company.  He  is  a  man 
of  means  and  affairs  and  owns  consider- 
able property  in  Evansville.  He  is  an  active 
and  helpful  member  in  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  A.  0.  U.  W.,  and  the  Elks.  Mr. 
Osborn  was  united  in  marriage  June, 
lsTs,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  White,  and  four 
children.  John  W.,  Charles  A.,  Lillian. 
and  Emerson  ML,  bless  their  union. 
Strong,  energetic,  liberal  and  broad  in  his 
views  of  life,  in  all  the  essentials  of  good 
citizenship.  .Mr.  Osborn  is  a  man  whom 
Evansville  is  proud  to  own. 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA 


259 


WALTER   M.   SCHMITT. 

The  Republican  party  in  Evansville  is 
peculiarly  fortunate  in  having  among  its 
leaders  a  number  of  very  strong  business 
men  who  are  not  ambitious  for  office,  but 
who  believe  thoroughly  in  the  principles 
of  the  party  and  are  ever  ready  to  devote 
time,  money  and  energy  to  its  success. 
Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  is 
Walter  Mauren  Schmitt.  Mr.  Schmitt 
was  born  in  Evansville  March  12,  IS65, 
son  of  Carl  and  Charlotte  Schmitt.  Wal- 
ter was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
Peoria,  and  after  graduating  at  the  high 
school  took  a  course  in  the  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege of  Chemistry.  He  commenced  his 
business  career  in  1885  as  bookkeeper  for 
the  Evansville  Woolen  Mill  Company, 
and  has  steadily  worked  his  way  up  to 
the  general  management  of  this  great  con- 
cern. He  became  a  stockholder  in  the 
company  in  1889,  a  director  in  L890,  and 
secretary  and  treasurer  in  1892.  In  1894 
he  helped  to  organize  the  Stoltz-Sclnuitt 
Furniture  Company,  and  holds  a  large 
interest  in  that  corporation,  of  which  he 
is  vice-president. 

While  Mr.  Schmitt  has  never  sought  to 
hold  office,  he  has  been  active  and  influen- 
tial in  Republican  politics,  and  has  been  a 
delegate  to  all  State  and  county  conven- 
tions during  the  past  six  years.  In  mak- 
ing up  the  new  county  council,  a  few 
months  ago  of  the  most  substantial  citi- 
zens of  Vanderburg  county,  the  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  appointed  Mr.  Schmitt  a 
member  of  this  body. 


JAMES  A.  MOUNT. 
James  Atwell  Mount  was  born  on  a 
farm  in  Montgomery  county.  Indiana, 
March  23,  ls-t3.  His  father,  Atwell 
Mount,  was  a  Virginian  who  moved  to 
Montgomery  county.  Indiana,  with  his 
family  in  1828.  In  the  unbroken  forest 
they  built  a  rude  log  cabin  and  lived  the 
life  of   pioneers,   amid  scenes  of  toil  and 


privation.  They  were  temperate,  frugal, 
industrious  people.  They  reared  a  family 
of  twelve  children.  They  wen-  Presbyte- 
rians, and  the  father  was  elected  elder  in  a 
log  cabin  when  Bethel  Church  was  organ- 
ized, in  1  SI  1 .  serving  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  inlSSl.  Mr.  Mount  himself  has 
long  been  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  holds  a  prominent  position 
in  the  local.  State  and  National  councils 
of  leading  representatives  of  that  denomi- 
nation. 

Jas.  A.  Mount's  school  privileges  were 
meagre,  his  attendance  being  confined  to 
periods  of  the  worst  weather  in  winter, 
when  farm  work  was  suspended.  During 
his  boyhood,  until  he  entered  the  army, 
forty  cents  represented  the  total  amount  of 
money  ever  given  to  him. 

His  boyish  enthusiasm  was  aroused  in 
the  campaigns  of  1856  and  L860.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Seventy-Second  Indiana  Vol- 
unteers in  1862.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
famous  Wilder  Brigade,  and  of  his  cour- 
age General  Wilder  says  he  volunteered 
for  the  skirmish  line  twice  < luring  the 
bloody  battle  of  Chicamauga,  when  to  do 
so  seemed  to  be  tempting  fate.  The  his- 
tory of  the  Seventy-Second  Regiment  is 
authority  for  the  statement  that  "Sergt. 
James  A.  Mount  was  the  first  skirmisher 
of  Sherman's  army  to  cross  the  Chatta- 
hoochee river,  through  which  he  charged 
at  Roswell.  Georgia,  at  daylight.  July  '.'. 
1864."  In  the  winter  of  L862,  while  suf- 
fering from  the  measles,  he  marched 
through  two  days  of  incessant  rain,  and 
waded  swollen  streams  and  rivers.  For 
three  years  he  did  not  miss  a  single  march, 
skirmish  or  battle. 

After  the  war  he  entered  the  Presby- 
terian Academy  at  Lebanon.  Indiana, 
where  in  one  year  he  performed  the  work 
of  two  academic  years.  Having  exhausted 
his  supply  of  money,  he  was  unable  to 
further  pursue  his  course  of  study.  Op  in 
graduation  from  the  Lebanon  Academy,  in 
L867.    Mr     Mount    married    Miss  Kale    A. 


260 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Boyd,  of  that  place,  and.  without  money, 

they  leased  a  farm  already  stocked  and 
supplied  with  implements.  Three  little 
rooms,  poorly  furnished,  contained  all  their 
worldly  goods. 

At  the  end  of  nine  years  Mr.  Mount 
purchased  the  farm  he  had  leased,  and 
paid  for  the  stock  and  implements.  He 
incurred  a  debt  of  $5,000  in  the  mak- 
ing of  this  purchase,  upon  which  he  was 
obliged  to  pay  ten  per  cent,  interest.  In 
1895,  twenty-eight  years  after  he  had  be- 
gan  as  lessee,  he  had  made  enough  money 
by  farming  to  pay  for  500  acres  of  land. 
and  had  built  a  farm  home  of  modern 
beauty  and  convenience,  costing  over 
$8,000.  He  had  given  his  three  children 
an  aggregate  of  eighteen  years  in  the  best 
colleges  of  the  land. 

The  remarkable  success  achieved  by 
James  A.  Mount,  and  the  fact  that  he  was 
closely  in  touch  with  the  common  people, 
induced  the  Republican  party  to  nominate 
him  for  State  Senator  in  1888  over  his  pro- 
test. He  carried  a  Democratic  Senatorial 
district  by  'inn  majority,  and  served  with 
distinction  for  a  term  of  tour  years  in  the 
upper  branch  of  the  Indiana  General  As- 
sembly. In  1890,  although  he  was  still  a 
State  Senator,  he  was  urged  to  make  the 
race  for  Congress  in  the  then  Terre  Haute 
district.  This  was  a  Democratic  district, 
and  no  one  cared  to  make  the  race  on  the 
Republican  ticket  that  year,  as  it  was  well 
known  to  he  hopeless.  Although  he  re- 
fused, when  approached  on  the  subject, 
the  convention  nominated  him  and  he 
went  down  in  the  Waterloo  of  1890.  In 
1891-92,  when  the  Republican  State  com- 
mittee' was  asked  to  send  some  one  to  rep- 
resent the  party  upon  the  platform  in 
joint  discussion,  where  all  parties  were 
represented  by  chosen  speakers,  farmer 
.Mount  was  selected.  In  those  debates  he 
proved  himself  to  be  the  peer  of  the  most 
gifted  orators  in  the  State  and  the  expe- 
rience brought  him  into  still  greater  prom- 
inence as  a  natural  leader  of  men. 


His  success  as  a   practical,  progressive 

farmer  created  a  demand  for  his  services 
as  a  lecturer  before  the  various  farm  insti- 
tutes of  the  State.  He  was  constantly  in 
demand  during  the  winter  season  and 
met  the  farmers  in  every  county  in  the 
State.  He  consented  to  be  a  candidate  for 
Governor  before  the  Republican  State  con- 
vention in  1896.  There  were  twelve  prom- 
inent and  able  Republican  aspirants  for 
this  honor  before  the  convention.  It  was 
the  largest  and  most  enthusiastic  conven- 
tion ever  held  in  the  State.  In  the  midst 
of  the  wildest  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Mount 
was  chosen  on  the  seventh  ballot.  The 
fusion  of  Populists  and  Democrats  made 
the  canvass  most  exciting  and  the  outcome 
somewhat  doubtful.  The  danger  of  the 
farmers  voting  the  fusion  ticket  caused  no 
little  anxiety.  Mr.  Mount  was  in  demand 
in  every  part  of  the  State.  His  remark- 
able canvass  lasted  four  months.  He  made 
130  speeches,  seventy-six  of  winch  were 
delivered  at  outdoor  rallies.  He  was 
elected  by  a  plurality  of  26:  177.  the  largest 
ever  given  in  Indiana  to  a  Gubernatorial 
or  Presidential  candidate. 

His  faculty  for  quickly  defining  a  situ- 
ation and  properly  mastering  it  was  again 
demonstrated  in  a  remarkable  manner 
after  his  nomination  for  Governor.  Shortly 
after  that  time  the  sensational  free  silver 
issue  was  sprung  by  the  opposition,  and 
the  effect  was  such  as  to  cause  astonish- 
ment and  dismay  in  the  Republican  organ- 
ization. The  party  leaders  were  not  pre- 
pared for  it.  and  men  who.  in  many 
previous  campaigns,  were  not  found  hesi- 
tating to  take  up  the  gauge  of  political 
debate,  frankly  confessed  inability  to  cope 
with  the  issue  without  taking  time  for 
preparation.  And  so  it  happened  that 
James  A.  Mount,  whose  nomination  was 
regarded  by  many  persons  as  having  been 
made  as  a  concession  to  the  agricultural 
interests  more  than  to  any  other  cause, 
was  found  to  be  one  of  the  few  Republi- 
can speakers  properly  equipped  for  entering 


/@iAsV{^ *JyI4--L&zsL -is/L 


262 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


upon  the  arduous  duties  of  combatting 
the  free  silver  heresy  and  stemming  the 
tide  of  public  opinion,  which  was  even 
then  running  in  that  direction  with  a  de- 
gree cit'  impetuosity  that  seemed  almost 
irresistible.  Mr.  Mount  grasped  the  sub- 
ject with  a  clearness  of  conception  that 
was  on  all  hands  conceded  to  be  master- 
ful, and.  single  handed,  he  was  making  a 
most  brilliant  and  effective  campaign  long 
before  other  speakers  were  willing  to  ad- 
mit their  ability  to  intelligently  defend 
the  Republican  position  on  the  subject  of 
finance  or  successfully  combat  the  plaus- 
ible arguments  advanced  by  the  enthusi- 
astic champions  of  free  and  unlimited 
coinage.  It  was  a  great  personal  triumph 
for  Mr.  Mount,  and  the  influence  he  ex- 
erted is  shown  in  the  vote  lie  received  at 
the  election. 

I  >n  the  day  before  the  election.  November 
2,  1896,  former  President  Harrison,  in  an 
autograph  letter  to  Mr.  Mount,  said:  "I 
want  to  congratulate  you  upon  a  very  re- 
markable and  a  very  successful  campaign. 
You  took  hold  of  the  questions  involved 
courageously  at  the  beginning  when  others 
seemed  to  be  timid,  and  I  have  beard  but 
one  report  of  your  speeches — that  they  were 
clear  and  convincing,  and  that  you  were 
making  friends  wherever  you  went."  On 
June  8,  189S,  Hanover  College,  through 
its  trustees  and  faculty,  graciously  con- 
ferred upon  Governor  Mount  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws. 

While  the  administration  of  Governor 
Mount  was  beset  with  the  usual  trials  and 
severities  to  which  all  public  officials  are 
subjected,  and  while  he  has  been  called 
upon  to  deal  with  other  unexpected  issues, 
such  as  the  Spanish- American  War.  it  is 
quite  generally  conceded  by  all  fair- 
minded  persons  that  as  chief  executive  of 
a  great  State  he  has  acquitted  himself 
with  such  tact,  skill  and  diplomacy  as  to 
be  assured  of  a  favored  place  in  history. 
True  to  his  natural  bent,  he  has  insisted 
on    economical    administration    of    public 


institutions,  but  it  cannot  be  said  that  he 
carried  this  to  the  extreme  of  parsimony. 
His  policy  from  the  beginning  was  to  make 
his  a  debt-paying  administration  rather 
than  a  debt-making  administration,  and 
how  well  be  succeeded  is  shown  by  the 
gratifying  fact  that  during  the  first  two 
years  of  his  incumbency  the  State  debt 
was  reduced  $1,320,000,  thus  saving  to 
the  people  interest  charges  alone  amount- 
ing to  $25,000  per  annum. 

Fortunately  for  Governor  Mount,  lie 
had  the  training  and  experience  of  a  sol- 
dier, hence,  when  there  came  a  (dash  of 
arms  between  the  United  States  and 
Spain,  he  was  well  equipped  for  the 
emergency.  Under  his  direction  the  vast 
sum  of  money  required  for  the  mobiliza- 
tion and  equipment  of  Indiana's  quota  of 
troops  was  paid  out  as  an  advancement  to 
the  General  Government  without  embar- 
rassment to  the  treasury,  consequently 
there  was  no  necessity  for  borrowing  or 
interest  paying.  Indiana  was  the  first 
State  in  the  Union  to  notify  the  "Washing- 
ton authorities  that  its  quota  of  troops 
was  in  camp  and  subject  to  the  orders  of 
the  War  Department.  Approximately 
$250,000  was  expended  by  the  State  for 
this  purpose,  yet  there  was  such  an  intelli- 
gent and  strict  accounting  by  Governor 
Mount's  administration  that  the  bulk  of 
that  sum  was  repaid  by  the  General  Gov- 
ernment soon  after  the  declaration  of 
peace  between  the  nations  that  had  en- 
gaged in  armed  contention.  He  was  the 
second  Indiana  "War  Governor,"  and 
that  he  acquitted  himself  well  has  been 
effectually  attested. 


('oh.   ROBERT  S.   ROBERTSON. 

Col.  Robert  s.  Robertson  has  long 
been  a  conspicuous  figure,  not  only  in  the 
legal  profession,  but  in  the  politics  of  the 
State.  Robert  Stoddart  Robertson  was 
born  at  North  Argyle,  Washington 
county,    N.    Y..     April     Hi.     1839.       His 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


203 


grandfather,  a  native  of  Scotland,  had 
emigrated  in  1792  and  settled  here.  His 
father,  Nicholas  Rohertson,  was  a  man  of 
substance  in  the  community  and  served  as 
Postmaster  of  North  Argyle  for  many 
years.  The  hoy  studied  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Argyle  Academy,  and  out- 
side of  school  hours  helped  in  his  father's 
saw  mill  and  grist  mill.  In  1S59  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
James  Gibson,  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  and  con- 
tinued his  studies  in  New  York  City  under 
Hon.  Charles  Crary,  being  admitted  t<> 
the  bar  in  L860.  He  had  scarcely  settled 
down  to  the  practice  of  law  at  Whitehall, 
N.  Y.,  when  the  war  broke  out.  and  he 
gave  up  his  prospects  in  order  to  give  his 
time  and  services  to  his  country.  He 
raised  a  company  of  men  but  they  were 
consolidated  with  another  company  and 
he  enlisted  with  them  as  a  private  in  Com- 
pany I  of  the  Ninety-Third  New  York. 
He  passed  through  the  grades  of  Orderly 
Sergeant  and  Second  and  First  Lieuten- 
ant. During  the  Gettysburg  campaign 
he  was  acting  Adjutant  of  his  regiment. 
In  L863  he  became  an  Aide-de-Camp  to 
Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles,  then  commanding 
a  Brigade,  now  Commanding  General,  U. 
S.  A.  While  on  this  duty  he  was  twice 
wounded,  at  Spottsylvania  and  Totopoto- 
moy  Creek.  The  second  wound  was  from 
a  minie  ball  passing  through  his  abdomen, 
and  it  was  supposed  that  he  was  mortally 
wounded.  After  recovering  from  this 
wound  he  endeavored  to  go  into  the  serv- 
ice again  but  soon  discovered  that  he  was 
disabled.  For  his  gallantry  on  the  field 
the  President  conferred  upon  him  the 
brevet  rank  of  Captain  and  the  Governor 
of  New  York  brevetted  him  Colonel.  He 
has  also  been  awarded  the  Congressional 
medal  of  honor  for  conspicuous  gallantry. 
For  the  next  two  years  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Washington,  I).  C,  and 
during  this  period  was  married  in  July, 
L865,  at  Whitehall,  N.  Y.,  to  Elizabeth  H. 
Miller,  who  died  in  1896.      The  following: 


year  he  removed  to  Ft.  Wayne,  where 
he  immediately  became  prominent,  both 
in  the  legal  profession  and  in  the  field  of 
politics.  In  1867  he  was  elected  City  At- 
torney for  two  years,  and  in  L868  was 
nominated  for  State  Senator,  and  made 
an  active  campaign  against  overwhelming- 
odds.  In  1871  he  was  appointed  Register 
in  Bankruptcy  and  United  States  Com 
missioner.  In  ls7<!  he  was  nominated  by 
the  State  convention,  entirely  without 
effort  on  his  part,  for  the  office  of  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor. In  1886,  when  Lieutenant- 
Governor  M.  D.  Manson  resigned,  both 
parties  nominated  candidates  for  the 
office,  upon  the  advice  of  the  Attorney- 
General  given  to  the  Governor,  that  the 
place  must  be  filled  by  election.  The 
campaign  of  that  year  was  one  of  the 
most  memorable  in  the  history  of  the 
State,  and  Colonel  Rohertson  was  elected. 
When  he  came  to  take  his  seat,  however, 
the  Democrats  had  determined  to  regard 
the  election  as  unauthorized  by  law  and 
as  they  had  a  majority  of  the  Senate  Col- 
onel Robertson  was  forbidden  by  that 
majority  to  assume  office.  Attempts  were 
made  to  obtain  a  judicial  decision  by 
means  of  two  injunction  suits,  but  these 
ended  in  the  ruling  of  the  Supreme  Court 
that  the  legislature  had  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion. The  second  demand  was  made  and 
both  parties  were  fully  prepared  to  main- 
tain their  position  by  force,  and  he  was 
forcibly  ejected  from  the  Senate  chamber. 
Colonel  Robertson's  view  of  the  situation 
was  broader  and  higher  than  a  question 
of  immediate  advantage.  It  was  patent 
to  everybody  that  an  effort  upon  his  part 
to  assume  his  seat  by  force  would  lead  to 
riot  and  bloodshed.  He  believed  that  such 
an  affair  would  bring  indelible  disgrace 
upon  the  name  of  the  State  and  counseled 
that  force  should  be  abandoned  and  the 
question  left  to  the  arbitrament  of  the 
people  of  the  State  at  the  next  election. 
This  sacrifice  upon  his  part  unquestionably 
saved  the  fair  name  of  the  State.     Since 


>6-t 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


t In  1 1  he  lias  continued  the  practice  of  law 
with  great  success  at  Ft.  Wayne  and  is 
regarded  to-day  as  one  of  the  most  eminenl 
lawyers  of  the  State. 

The  field  of  his  activity  has  riot  been 
confined  entirely  to  his  profession.  His 
taste  for  historical  and  scientific  research 
has  caused  him  to  give  up  much  time  to 
these  studies  and  he  has  a  collection  of 
prehistoric  relics,  fossils  and  minerals  of 
great  value.  He  is  a  member  of  a  num- 
ber of  literary,  scientific  and  fraternal 
societies  and  has  made  many  valuable 
contributions  to  current  historical  litera- 
ture. President  Harrison  tendered  to 
Governor  Robertson  the  position  of  Judge 
of  the  Indian  Territory.  This  he  de- 
clined, and,  in  May.  1889,  accepted  the 
unsolicited  appointment  as  a  member  of 
the  Utah  Commission,  upon  which  he 
served  until  1894.  Colonel  Robertson  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion, 
of  the  Grand  Army,  the  Masonic  Order, 
and  a  number  of  clubs  and  societies. 

He  married,  in  1898,  Mrs.  Frances  M. 
Ilaberly  (nee  Steinson),  a  lady  well  known 
throughout  the  State  as  a  student  and 
lecturer  on  art  subjects. 

ALBERT  J.  BEVERLDGE. 

The  most  notable  thing  about  the  ca- 
reer of  Senator  Albert  J.  Beveridge  is 
that  his  progress  toward  greatness,  from 
the  time  that  the  boy  following  the  plow 
dreamed  and  schemed  out  ways  and  means 
for  obtaining  a  college  education,  has 
never  paused.  Those  who  knew  him  best 
and  had  observed  his  work  for  years  be- 
lieved that  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  he  would  be  con- 
tent to  rest  upon  his  laurels,  to  pause  for 
breath  in  the  career  of  activity  and  suc- 
cess that  had  carried  him  at  a  remarkably 
youthful  age  from  the  humblest  begin- 
nings to  a  seat  in  the  highest  and  most 
powerful  legislative  body  of  the  world. 
He    surprised    them.        Impressed    not     so 


much  with  the  honor  as  with  the  grave 
responsibilities  of  his  new  position,  betook 
advantage  of  the  months  intervening  be- 
tween his  election  and  the  assembling  of 
Congress  to  make  a  thorough  and  careful 
personal  investigation  of  the  two  great 
questions  that  are  now  appearing  upon  the 
horizon  of  American  statesmanship.  His 
is  a  mind  that  knows  not  what  rest  is. 
Time  and  again  in  public  speeches  he  has 
startled  his  audience  by  utterances  that 
seemed  almost  prophetic,  and  yet  when 
analyzed  they  were  simply  the  result  of 
clear  and  logical  thought,  based  upon  an 
absolute  thoroughness  of  information,  that 
would  lead  one  to  believe  that  he  had 
spent  the  major  portion  of  his  life  study- 
ing that  one  particular  subject.  The  re- 
markable comprehensiveness  of  view  he 
has  so  often  displayed  upon  topics  the 
most  varied  has  been  the  result  of  inde- 
fatigable industry  in  obtaining  full  and 
minute  information  combined  with  the 
mental  training  that  enables  him  to  see 
facts  in  their  true  proportion,  and  so  to  set 
in  order  his  knowledge  of  the  situation  that 
his  conclusions  are  unassailable. 

It  was  perhaps  but  natural  that  the 
election  of  Mr.  Beveridge.  a  young  man 
of  thirty-six  years,  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  as  a  result  of  the  memor- 
able struggle  of  five  strong  candidates 
before  the  Indiana  legislature  of  ls'.i'.t, 
should  have  been  regarded  in  some  quar- 
ters outside  the  State  as  accidental,  be- 
cause it  was  unexpected.  On  the  contrary 
his  nomination  by  the  caucus  was  the  re- 
sult of  work  and  worth,  and  his  election  to 
this  high  office  is  one  of  the  incidents, 
albeit  one  of  the  greatest,  in  a  carefully 
planned  career,  pursued  with  wonderful 
energy  and  tenacity  of  purpose.  Whatever 
there  was  of  circumstance  in  his  cam- 
paign was  against  him  :  one  might  go  fur- 
ther and  say  that  through  his  whole  life 
whatever  fortuitous  chance  has  thrown 
in  his  way  has  been  in  the  nature  of  ob- 
stacles to  be  overcome.      Such  triumphs  as 


OF    THF    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


he  has  enjoyed  has  been  through  opportu- 
nities that  were  open  to  all  :  lie  has  simply 
recognized  their  value  and  made  them  his 
own.  The  greatest  quality  in  his  make-up 
is  a  fervid,  everlasting,  tireless  industry. 
guided  by  an  intelligence  that  is  none  the 
less  cool  and  far-seeing  beeause  it  is  quick 
and  decisive. 

Fortune  was  unkind  to  him  at  the  very 
threshold  of  life.  Shortly  after  his  birth, 
on  a  farm  in  Highland  county,  Ohio,  his 
father  returned  from  the  Civil  War  and 
lost  his  property  in  the  rapid  fluctuation 
of  values  which  followed  the  close  of  that 
great  struggle.  He  removed  his  family 
to  Illinois,  and  there  the  child  attended 
country  school  in  the  winter  and  worked 
upon  the  farm  in  summer.  At  sixteen  he 
was  boss  in  a  logging  camp,  working  all 
day  to  earn  the  money  and  studying  half 
the  night  to  gain  the  knowledge  that 
would  take  him  to  college.  He  under- 
stood the  natures  of  the  men  with  whom 
he  was  thrown  in  the  logging  camp  as 
thoroughly  as  he  has  since  understood 
human  nature  in  other  walks  of  life.  A 
high  type  of  physical  courage  has  char- 
acterized his  entire  life  and  this  was  dem- 
onstrated among  the  loggers.  ( )n  one 
occasion,  when  a  fight  started  among 
them  that  was  rapidly  developing  into  a 
general  riot,  unable  to  make  the  fighting- 
crowd  listen  to  his  voice,  he  sprang  among 
them  and  laid  about  him  right  and  left 
with  such  tremendous  force  and  vigor 
that  he  soon  compelled  submission  and 
restored  order.  In  college,  this  fighting 
characteristic  was  frequently  brought  into 
play.  and.  although  he  was  the  most  stu- 
dious man  in  his  class  and  kept  the  most 
regular  hours,  yet.  whenever  there  was  to 
he  a  row  in  which  his  friends  were  in- 
volved, they  always  secured  "Bev,"  as 
they  called  him.  to  lead  them.  The  same 
courageous  characteristic  was  illustrated 
among  the  cowboys,  who.  for  all  the 
region   round   about,    soon   came   to    look 


upon  him  as   their   leader    and   counselor. 

With  some    of    these  COWbOyS  he    keeps  up 

his  correspondence  to  this  day.  On  the 
firing  line  in  the  Philippines  the  same 
quality  of  fearlessness,  that  has  proved  no 
small  element  of  his  leadership  among  the 
masses,  was  again  demonstrated,  and 
time  and  again  he  rode  along  the  firing 
line  and  once  with  Lawton  far  ahead  of 
it.  He  fearlessly  went  many  miles  beyond 
the  American  lines  in  ('elm  and  Sulu. 
But  Senator  Beveridge  refuses  to  discuss 
all  of  these  incidents  and  is.  above  all 
things,  a  man  of  peace  and  studious 
habits. 

His  ambition  for  higher  education  was 
not  realized  until  he  became  twenty-one. 
when  he  entered  Asbury  University,  at 
Greencastle.  Indiana.  He  was  the  strong 
est  man  in  college,  physically,  as  well  as 
mentally,  and  his  industry  was  prodigious. 
Notwithstanding  his  long  work  and  wait- 
ing, he  had  very  little  money,  and  main- 
tained himself  in  college  by  working 
during  vacations,  and  by  capturing  nearly 
every  cash  prize  given  during  his  course. 
He  took  enough  prizes  to  pay  his  way 
in  college  for  two  years.  Not  only  the 
class  room,  hut  college  athletics,  college 
politics,  the  debating  societies,  and  the  li 
brary  afforded  fields  for  ceaseless  activity. 
He  was  the  recognized  leader  of  one  fac- 
tion in  the  fierce  struggle  of  college  poli- 
tics. His  faction  won  in  every  political 
college  conflict  because  of  Beveridge's 
thorough  organization  of  his  forces  and 
the  absolute  obedience  which  he  exacted 
from  and  which  was  enthusiastically 
granted  by  his  followers.  He  was  the 
successful  champion  of  Asbury  in  the 
State  and  National  intercollegiate  ora- 
torical contests.  All  that  he  had  of 
oratory  in  the  beginning  was  a  clear 
and  strong  voice  and  a  fine  physique. 
The  rest  was  the  result  of  work  and  study. 
He  went  through  many  books,  ami  then, 
as  now.  he  did  not  merely  read  them,  he 


266 


HISTORY    OK   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


studied  them.  Before  he  had  been  grad- 
uated, he  was  making  stump  speeches  for 
the  Republican  party. 

He  left  college  penniless.  His  total 
assets  were  the  clothing  i>n  his  back,  a 
ticket  to  the  West,  a  number  of  warm 
friendships,  his  education,  and,  most 
highly  valued  of  all.  the  love  of  a  young 
woman,  poor  in  money  as  himself,  hut 
rich  in  brains,  in  ambition  for  his  success, 
and  in  tactful,  womanly  qualities.  He 
purposely  sought  employment  on  a  West- 
ern ranch,  knowing  that  a  year  of  cowboy 
life,  after  the  arduous,  sedentary  four 
years  of  student  work,  would  make  per- 
manent, the  full  measure  of  his  inherited 
fine  nervous  and  physical  strength.  So  it 
did.  His  strong  constitution  and  athletic 
habits  have  made  him  an  entire  stranger 
to  illness  or  fatigue. 

He  went  to  Indianapolis  in  the  winter 
of  1886-7  and  began  to  study  law  in  Sen- 
ator McDonald's  law  office,  but  his  scanty 
store  of  money  soon  ran  out  and  many  a 
day  he  went  hungry.  It  became  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  earn  enough  to  buy 
bread  while  he  studied.  A  Republican 
House  of  Representatives  afforded  him 
the  opportunity  he  was  looking  for.  He 
went  after  the  position  of  Reading  Clerk, 
and  captured  it.  In  sixty  days  he  earned 
$300,  enough  to  sustain  him  as  a  law 
student  for  a  year.  He  c<  >ntinued  to  study 
in  the  office  of  Messrs.  McDonald  &  But- 
ler, then  one  of  the  two  great  law  firms  in 
the  city,  and  one  of  the  greatest  in  the 
country.  His  industry  and  anxiety  to 
work  immediately  attracted  their  atten- 
tion, and  before  the  year  was  out  he  was 
their  managing  clerk,  at  a  good  salary. 
He  successfully  conducted  important  cases 
for  the  firm  in  the  State  Supreme  and 
Federal  District  courts.  His  first  jury 
case  was  in  the  Federal  Court  with  Gen- 
eral Harrison  on  the  other  side.  His  first 
argument  in  the  Supreme  Court  was  on 
the  constitutionality  of  a  statute.  In  a 
couple  of  years  he  was  doing  so  well  that 


he  was  able  to  marry  Miss  Langsdale  the 
girl  he  loved  in  college.  With  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year  1889  he  opened  an  office 
for  himself.  He  understood  thoroughly 
tlie  kind  of  clients  he  wanted,  and  has  at- 
tached to  himslf,  not  only  as  clients,  hut 
as  warm  personal  friends,  many  of  the 
most  substantial  business  men  of  his  city. 

In  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  has 
met  with  remarkable  success  and  it  is  this 
success  that  has  afforded  him  more  grati- 
fication than  all  his  triumphs  as  an  orator 
or  in  the  field  of  politics.  He  has  given 
to  the  law  the  very  best  of  the  wonderful 
brain  force  and  industry  that  has  brought 
him  such  prominence.  Into  every  case 
that  he  ever  undertook  he  dived  with  the 
fervid  zeal  that  gave  him  absolute  mas- 
tery of  every  minute  detail  of  fact  and  of 
every  principle  of  law  directly  or  remotely 
connected  with  it.  He  has  made  a  special 
study  of  constitutional  law.  and  Indiana, 
the  State  of  Benjamin  Harrison,  Joseph 
E.  McDonald  and  Oliver  P.  Morton,  has 
known  no  more  thorough  master  of  con- 
stitutional law  than  he.  During  the  past 
decade  he  has  handled  possibly  more  ques- 
tions involving  constitutional  law  than 
any  other  lawyer  of  Indiana.  And  among 
these  have  been  many  of  the  greatest 
legal  controversies  that  have  engaged  the 
courts  daring  that  period.  He  has  the 
most  valuable  library  of  constitutional 
law  and  history  in  the  State,  and  he  knows 
its  contents  as  very  few7  know  their  hooks. 
Although  a  politician  and  a  masterful  one, 
as  his  organization  of  the  party  through- 
out the  State  in  the  campaign  of  1898  and 
his  management  of  bis  own  campaign 
for  the  Senate  proved,  still  he  is  above  all 
things  a  lawyer.  So  absorbed  had  he 
been  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession 
that  never,  until  his  friends  made  him  a 
candidate  for  the  Senate,  had  he  ever  con- 
sidered any  official  position  for  himself. 

Throughout  his  entire  life,  even  during 
the  time  when,  in  the  logging  camps 
twenty-one     years    ago,    he    foresaw    the 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


267 


period  of  expansion  which  is nowupon  ns. 
his  ambitions,  purposes,  and  preparations 
have    been   for   the   larger   and    broader 

thing's  in  politics,  in  literature,  in  life; 
and  tbis  is  true  also  in  his  profession. 
His  mental  atmosphere  lias  always  been 
serious.  The  trivial  and  incidental  have 
never  received  the  attention  or  the  con- 
sideration of  the  young  Senator. 

Naturally  it  is  his  oratory  thai  has 
brought  his  fame  throughout  the  country. 
There  is  scarcely  a  large  city  in  the  Union 
that  has  not  heard  him  talk,  and  it  was  his 
campaign  tours  of  Indiana  that  gave  him 
the  prestige  and  acquaintance  so  neces- 
sary to  success  in  his  Senatorial  campaign. 
But  he  is  as  good  a  lawyer  as  he  is  an 
orator,  and  his  speeches  are  not  composed 
of  flowers  of  rhetoric,  hut  of  thoughts  that 
live.  On  many  notable  occasions  his 
words  have  carried  great  influence  with 
immense  masses  of  the  American  people. 
Mr.  J.  C.  Shaffer,  of  Chicago,  tells  this 
story  of  one  of  his  most  notable  triumphs 
as  an  orator: 

"In  1896,  a  committee  came  to  me 
from  the  Marquette  Club  and  the  National 
Republican  committee  to  ask  m}r  assist- 
ance in  securing  a  speaker  for  a  great 
meeting  at  the  Auditorium,  to  close  the 
Republican  campaign  in  the  AYest,  and  to 
answer  the  New  York  speech  of  Governor 
Altgeld.  They  wanted  General  Harrison 
as  speaker  for  the  evening.  1  told  them 
it  would  be  impossible  to  secure  him. 
Then  they  spoke  of  Beveridge,  who  had 
already  spoken  several  times  in  Chicago. 
He  was  selected. 

"Just  one  week  from  the  date  of  the 
meeting  Mr.  Beveridge  was  waited  on  by 
the  committee  and  asked  to  deliver  the 
oration.  And,  remember,  it  was  to  he  an 
argument  showing  that  Mr.  Cleveland  had 
not  unsurped  his  constitutional  right  in 
sending  troops  to  Chicago  at  the  time  of 
the  riot.  The  speech  involved  the  great 
constitutional  issues  raised  by  the  Demo- 
cratic platform  and  elaborated  by  Altgeld's 


remarkable  argument.  It  was  the  most 
difficult  and  delicate  subject  in  the  legal 
category. 

••Well,  Mr.  Beveridge  worked  all  week 
like  a  heaver,  reading,  thinking,  mak- 
ing pencilled  notes  on  detached  slips  of 
paper.  On  the  morning  of  the  dale  set 
for  the  meeting,  he  arrived  in  Chicago 
with  his  manuscript  still  in  pencil  form. 
The  notes  were  dictated  to  stenographers, 
and  rapidly  typewritten.  Mr.  Beveridge 
then  went  to  a  hotel:  in  two  hours  had 
committed  the  speech  to  memory,  and  the 
copy  was  sent  to  the  various  newspapers. 
At  the  Auditorium  in  the  evening  Mr. 
Beveridge  delivered  the  speech  verbatim 
i't  literatum,  as  he  had  memorized  it.  the 
time  of  delivery  occupying  two  hours  and 
five  minutes  of  rapid  utterance. 

"The  address  was  delivered  with  Mr. 
Beveridge"s  usual  white-hoi  fervor,  and  it 
set  the  audience  wild.  They  cheered  until 
hoarse.  Sometimes  the  speaker  stood 
silent  for  minutes  at  a  time  while  the 
cheers  rose  and  rose  again.  Contrary  to 
the  usual  oratorical  effort,  the  speech  read 
as  well  in  print  as  it  sounded  when  spoken. 
Governor  Altgeld  was  completely  an- 
swered. The  speech  was  telegraphed  all 
over  the  land,  and  in  addition  millions  of 
copies  were  printed  and  scattered  broad- 
cast. The  issue  was  shifted  to  the  main- 
tenance of  Nationality,  and.  for  the  last 
ten  days  of  the  campaign,  fought  out  on 
that  line.  Invitations  from  almost  all  the 
large  cities  of  the  Union  came  to  Mr.  Bev- 
eridge to  speak,  and  he  at  once  leaped  into 
National  fame." 

But  even  a  more  profound  impression 
was  made  by  his  speech  before  the  Bar 
Association  of  Pittsburg  in  January.  1898, 
on  the  "Vitality  of  the  American  Consti- 
tution," in  which  he  took  this  view  of  the 
constitutional  growth : 

"And,  so  in  order  that  neither  the 
Nation  nor  the  constitution  may  perish, 
it  was  necessary  that  they  should  he  ca- 
pable of   uniform    development.     For.   in 


2«S                                                    HISTORY    OF   THE  REPUBLICAN    PARTY 

any  event,   the  people  will  grow;   in  anv  <  >n  April  27,  1898,  a  few  days  after  the 

event,    problems    undreamed    of    by    the  declaration   of  war  with   Spain,  before  a 

writers  of  the  constitution  will  be  evolved  gun  had  been  fired,  and   at   a    time   when 

from  changed    conditions    and    unprece-  few  of  the  American  people  knew  or  cared 

dented    social    and    industrial    situations,  whether  the   Philippines  were  on  the  west 

And  if  the  constitution  is  not  self-adapt-  coast   of  Africa   or  in   the  vicinity  of  the 

inn'  to  the  march   of  history  and  the  proc-  north  pole,  he   made  a    speech    before    the 

ess   of    the    people,    revolution    will   rend  Middlesex    Club  in    Boston,   published   by 

the  constitution  to  pieces.      For  the  prac-  the  club  and  scattered  broadcast,  in  which 

tical  purposes  of  government,  a  constitu-  he  spoke  these  words,  which,  in  the  light 

tion    should  he  to   the  statesman  what  the  of   subsequent    events,    seem    almost    pro- 

mariner's   chart    is    to   the   navigator — a  phetic: 

guide  by  which  he  sails  all  seas  and  makes  -What  should  be  the  policy  of  this 
all  ports,  rather  than  a  blockade  shutting  war?  What  will  be  its  result?  The 
him  from  the  ocean,  activity,  and  life,  geography  of  the  globe  answers  the  first 
and  confining  him  within  a  dead  and  stag-  question;  the  vigor  of  the  American  pen- 
nant harbor.  And,  so  we  must  pi,,  answers  the  second.  We  are  at  war 
read  it.  not  as  we  read  a  contract,  but  as  with  Spain.  Therefore  our  field  of  opera- 
the  majestic  expression  of  the  Nationality  tions  is  not  confined  to  Cuba.  We  are  at 
of  a  free  and  independent  people.  Read  war  with  Spain.  It  is  our  military  duty 
it  as  a  divine  guaranty  of  National  life  t-o  strike  her  at  her  weakest  point  before 
to  day,  and  as  a  promise  and  a  prophecy  we  strike  her  at  her  stronger  points. 
of  larger,  simpler  National  life  to  come.  Cuba  must  fall  into  our  hands,  but  that 
Read  it  as  the  sacred  Scripture  of  God's  will  be  only  when  Spain  is  conquered. 
chosen  people.  Read  it  as  the  supreme  Our  warships  to-day  surround  Cuba;  our 
law  of  the  whole  land— not  as  a  compact  armies  are  massing  for  Cuba.  Anil  yet 
between  sections  of  the  land:  as  the  fun-  Quba  will  be  the  last  to  fall.  In  the  Pa- 
damental  law  of  the  American  people  as  a  cific  js  the  true  field  of  our  earliest  opera- 
unit— not  as  an  agreement  between  segre-  tions.  There  Spain  has  an  island  empire. 
gated  communities  of  the  American  people  the  Philippine  archipelago.  It  is  poorly 
Read  it  as  the  great  ordinance  of  a  consoli-  defended.  Spain's  best  ships  are  on  the 
dated  Nation,  directly  established  by  the  Atlantic  side.  In  the  Pacific  the  United 
people  themselves.  Construe  it  by  this  states  have  a  powerful  squadron.  The 
-■olden  ride  of  constitutional  interpreta-  Philippines  are  logically  our  first  target, 
tion:  The  constitution  exists  for  the  Nation,  And  when  the  Pacific  fleet  of  Spain  is  de- 
not  the  Nation  for  the  constitution,  and  stroyed,  not  only  is  Spain  beaten  to  her 
then  the  vital  principle  of  implied  powers  knees  by  the  loss  of  the  Philippines,  which 
touches  the  constitution  into  a  living  and  would  necessarily  follow,  but  San  Fran- 
an  immortal  thing.  If  the  constitution  is  cisco  and  Portland  are  at  the  same  time 
the  people's  charter  of  Nationality  it  fob  rendered  safe.  It  is  not  Cuba  we  must 
lows  that  whatever  may  he  essential  to  the  conquer— it  is  Spain.  We  must  never 
development  of  that  Nationality  lies  latent  [ose  sight  of  the  main  objective— to  bring 
in  its  general  terms,  awaiting  the  people's  an  early  peace  by  conquering  the  enemy, 
necessity  to  call  it  into  action."  \/Ve  lmlst  strike  the  most  vulnerable 
The  Bar  Association  of  Pittsburg  at  points  of  that  enemy  We  must  sail  to 
once  published  the  address  separate  from  meet  the  enemy — not  wait  for  her  to 
its  other  proceedings.  come." 


OF    THE    STATE    <>K    [NDIANA. 


269 


On  many  other  notable  occasions  Mr. 
Beveridge  has  made  speeches  just  as 
worthy  of  record  as  these.  His  industry 
since  he  left  college  has  never  relaxed.  He 
has  found  time  from  his  practice,  his  cam- 
paign oratory,  and  his  social  duties  to 
travel,  to  perfect  himself  in  equity,  con- 
stitutional and  international  law,  and  to 
do  an  amount  of  reading  in  widely  differ- 
ent lines  that  would  appall  the  average 
man. 

It  looked  to  all  the  older  heads  of  the 
party  like  a  foolish  thing  when,  a  week  or 
two  after  the  election  of  1898,  the  young 
man  permitted  his  friends  to  announce 
him  as  a  candidate  for  the  Senate.  It 
was  true  that  he  had  opened  the  campaign 
with  a  speech  which  denned  the  issues 
where  the  platform  had  been  indefinite 
and  vague,  and  that  this  speech,  under 
the  title  of  -'The  March  of  the  Flag.** 
was  at  once  adopted  by  the  State  central 
committee  as  the  campaign  document  of 
the  State,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
copies  of  it  printed  and  distributed.  It 
was  true  that  this  speech  had  announced 
the  issues  so  clearly  that  its  conclusions 
were  afterwards  adopted  by  the  Repub- 
licans  in  New  York,  ami  the  speech  itself 
made  the  campaign  document  in  many 
other  States.  It  was  true  that  Mr.  Bev- 
eridge had  been  the  life  and  soul  of  the 
campaign  in  Indiana,  speaking  sometimes 
four  times  a  day  to  tremendous  crowds 
and  keeping  up  courage  where  the  belief 
in  Republican  defeat  was  general.  It  was 
true  that  the  candidates  on  the  Republican 
ticket  said  that  it  was  generally  conceded 
that  he  was  the  principal  single  factor  in 
carrying  the  State  for  the  Republicans. 
But  notwithstanding  this,  all  practical  po- 
litical circumstances  were  overwhelmingly 
against  him. 

Judge  Robert  S.  Taylor,  of  Ft.  Wayne, 
and  ex -Congressman  J.  Frank  Hanly.  of 
LaFayette.  had  been  in  the  Held  two 
years,  and  two  of  the  strongest  politicians 
in    the    State.    Congressman    George    W. 


Steele,  of  Marion,  and  ex- Congressman 
Frank  B.  Posey,  of  Evansville,  had  been 
making  preparations  for  six  months  to 
enter  the  race.  Beveridge  was  supposed 
to  know  nothing  of  political  organization 
or  how  to  get  votes  But  more  fatal  than 
all  these  disqualifications  was  the  fact 
that  he  was  from  Indianapolis,  the  capital 
city,  always  regarded  with  a  jealous  eye 
by  politicians  all  over  the  State.  It  al- 
ready had  one  Republican  Senator  with 
four  years  yet  to  serve,  the  Attorney- Gen  - 
eral  of  the  State,  the  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney,  the  Collector  of  Customs, 
and  a  candidate  for  Speaker  sure  of  elec- 
tion. This  geographical  handicap,  to- 
gether with  his  youth  and  supposed  ignor- 
ance of  the  art  of  organization,  seemed  to 
put  Beveridge  out  of  the  hunt,  and  the 
other  candidates  did  not  seriously  count 
him  in  the  running  until  within  three  or 
four  days  of  the  caucus.  They  either  did 
not  know  him  or  had  forgotten  his  experi- 
ence as  a  political  leader  in  a  college 
famous  for  its  politics  and  they  failed  to 
take  into  account  either  his  tremendous 
energy  or  his  faculty  for  making  warm 
and  loyal  friends. 

Mr.  Beveridge  knew  his  ground  thor- 
oughly, and  also  knew  the  kind  of  men  In- 
needed  for  the  tight.  And  they  soon  be- 
gan to  rally  about  him.  Men  of  affairs, 
not  usually  interested  in  politics,  as  well 
as  prominent  Republican  workers  from 
various  parts  of  th,  State,  came  to  Indian- 
apolis to  work  for  his  election,  while  the 
hustling  young  Republicans,  as  an  army, 
rallied  to  his  standard.  Almost  all  of  the 
business  men  of  Indianapolis  were  active 
in  his  interests.  These  formed  an  organ 
ization  and  gave  up  their  time  day  after 
day  and  night  after  night  to  personal 
work  in  his  behalf.  Their  influence 
counted  heavily.  Hi-  sound  position  on 
the  money  question  brought  the  gold 
Democrats  to  him.  Another  immensely 
strong  factor  in  his  cause  was  the  local 
labor  organizations   in    the   citv  and  over 


270 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


the  State.  They  not  only  adopted  resolu- 
tions in  his  favor,  hut  sent  committees 
among  the  members  of  the  General  As- 
sembly to  work  for  him.  The  candidate 
himself  was  the  life  and  soul  of  the  organ- 
ization, thus  quickly  built  up  and  ramify- 
ing all  over  flic  State.  He  had  perfected 
the  closest  organization  ever  seen  in 
Indiana.  The  greatest  surprise  of  the 
campaign  was  his  development  as  an  or- 
ganizer, an  executive,  a  practical  leader 
of  practical  men. 

I  (uring  the  contest  an  incident  occurred 
which  illustrates  the  most  conspicuous  of 
Mr.  Beveridge's  policies,  his  steadfast  loy- 
alty to  friends.  Mr.  Frank  Littleton,  a 
member  of  the  legislature  from  Indian- 
apolis and  a  bosom  friend  and  supporter 
of  Senator  Beveridge,  was  a  candidate  for 
Speaker.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  Indian- 
apolis already  had  the  other  Senator,  the 
Attorney-General,  the  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney,  the  Collector  of  Customs, 
etc.  it  was  believed  by  politicians  on  every 
hand  that  if  Mr.  Littleton  was  elected 
Speaker  it  would  largely  dispose  of  Mr. 
Beveridge's  chances  to  be  elected  Senator. 
Mr.  Beveridge's  political  friends  came  to 
him  and  urged  that  lie  should  have  Mr. 
Littleton  withdraw  as  candidate  for 
Speaker.  Mr.  Justice  G.  Adams,  of  tins 
city,  tells  of  that  attempt  in  the  following 
language:  "Several  of  us  made  up  our 
minds  that  Mr.  Beveridge  could  not  suc- 
ceed if  Mr.  Littleton  was  elected  Speaker; 
and,  as  the  Speakership  was  more  impor- 
tant in  comparison  with  the  Senatorship, 
we  resolved  to  get  Senator  Beveridge  to 
have  Mr.  Littleton  withdraw  ;  I  was  at  the 
head  of  the  delegation  which  called  upon 
him  for  this  purpose.  I  shall  never  forget 
that  scene.  No  sooner  was  the  proposition 
made  than  Beveridge  sprang  to  his  feet 
full  of  anger  and  said:  '  Not  another  word. 
gentlemen;  not  another  single  word.  I 
won't  hear  it.  Frank  Littleton  is  my 
friend  and  he  shall  he  Speaker  no  matter 
whether  lam  Senator  or  not.'     We  tried 


to  protest,  but,  smiting  the  table  with  his 
hand,  Beveridge  silenced  everyone  of  us 
and  dismissed  the  conference.  I  thought 
then  that  it  was  bad  politics,  but  that  it 
was  magnificent  character.  I  think  now 
that  it  was  both  good  politics  and  good 
character." 

When  the  night  of  the  caucus  came 
Mr.  Hanly  started  in  with  such  an  ad- 
vantage of  votes  that  it  was  a  struggle 
of  the  field  against  him,  and  Mr.  Bev- 
eridge was  the  only  one  of  the  field  with 
supporters  trained  and  thoroughly  com- 
prehending what  they  were  to  do.  As 
a  result  his  vote  gradually  grew,  and  fell 
back  but  once  during  the  long  balloting. 
Mr.  Beveridge,  in  building  up  his  support, 
had  secured  only  such  votes  to  begin  with 
as  were  willing  to  stay  by  him  even  in  de- 
feat if  necessary.  He  went  so  far  as  to 
refuse  votes  which  would  not  pledge  them- 
selves to  stay  in  the  tight  to  the  end. 

And  so  the  Beveridge  men  were  a  force 
which  utterly  refused  to  consider  a  combi- 
nation with  any  other  man.  Speaking 
of  their  intense  attachment  to  their  leader, 
one  of  the  managers  of  another  candidate 
said  :  "I  never  saw  such  a  set  of  men  as 
these  Beveridge  men.  They  won't  listen 
to  reason.  They  won't  listen  to  anything 
but  the  success  of  their  man.  The}"  put 
me  in  mind  of  Mohammedans."  Thus  his 
solid  phalanx  of  twenty  votes  became  the 
crystalizing  point  for  a  finally  successful 
result  and  made  it  impossible  for  the  Held 
to  combine  on  any  one  except  Mr.  Bever- 
idge. This  was  a  piece  of  far-seeing  polit- 
ical strategy.  In  addition  to  this,  and  as 
a  part  of  the  comprehensive  plan,  Mr. 
Beveridge's  friends  had  utterly  honey- 
combed the  support  of  every  other  candi- 
date with  second  choices,  many  of  the 
latter  being  so  strong  that  they  were  prac- 
tically the  same  as  first  choice.  Therefore 
at  no  time,  from  the  moment  the  first  bal- 
lot was  taken,  was  any  other  outcome  of 
the  struggle  possible  than  that  which  was 
finally  achieved. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


271 


The  people  of  Indianapolis  were  await- 
ing the  result  that  did  not  come  until  after 
midnight,  and  in  every  city  of  the  State 
interest  in  the  close  contest  had  grown  to 
such  a  pitch  that  the  bulletin  boards  were 
surrounded  by  eager  crowds  The  result 
gave  universal  satisfaction  to  the  Repub- 
licans throughout  the  State.  They  were 
convinced  that  they  had  sent  to  the  Sen- 
ate a  man  of  high  ability,  destined  for  a 
long  and  great  career,  and  his  course  since 
then  has  more  than  satisfied  them  that 
they  were  right.  Mr.  Beveridge  recog- 
nized the  fact  that  the  American  Congress 
during  his  term  would  have  three  all  im- 
portant questions  to  deal  with.  First  of 
these  was  the  establishment  of  the  currency 
of  the  country  upon  an  impregnable  found- 
ation and  this  he  had  studied  with  such 
thoroughness  that  he  was  familiar  with  it 
in  all  its  phases.  Another  was  the  dispo- 
sition of  the  Philippine  archipelago,  and 
another,  more  remote  perhaps,  but  of  ever- 
weaning  importance  not  only  to  the  United 
States,  but  to  the  whole  world,  was  the 
future  of  China,  the  first  home  of  history 
and  civilization,  that  great  leviathan 
among  the  nations  of  the  world  that  has 
held  dominion  of  a  continent  since  the 
dawn  of  history,  and  now  seems  on  the 
verge  of  disintegration.  Information  to 
be  had  upon  either  of  these  two  great  ques- 
tions at  home,  while  sufficient  to  satisfy  the 
average  thinker  or  member  of  Congress, 
was  all  too  meagre  for  this  man  accus- 
tomed to  knowing  to  the  minutest  de- 
tails every  subject  that  came  in  touch 
with  his  life.  There  was  no  hesitation 
upon  his  part  as  to  what  he  should  do. 
As  soon  as  he  could  put  his  affairs  in  order 
he  crossed  the  Pacific  and  gave  two  months 
of  his  time  to  the  Philippines.  They  were 
days  of  unceasing  toil.  In  the  Island  of 
Luzon  he  was  in  the  saddle  at  daybreak, 
and  one  day  found  him  on  the  firing  line 
with  Lawton,  while  another  found  him  in 
the  council  chamber  with  Otis  or  the  Phil- 
ippine commissioners.      He  traveled  over 


the  archipelago  and  visited  among  the 
American  soldiers  at  Iloilo,  Cebn  and 
other  points.  Leaving  the  Philippines  he 
spent  another  two  months  in  Japan  and 
China,  still  actively  at  work  seeking  re- 
liable information  from  every  possible 
source.  Upon  his  return  to  America  In 
was  besieged  by  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines for  his  views  and  the  results  of  his 
investigation.  The  American  people  then 
learned  for  the  first  time  that  his  talent 
for  silence  was  no  less  remarkable  than  his 
talent  for  oratory.  When  the  President 
of  the  United  States  invited  him  to  Wash- 
ington, he  went  and  gave  the  executive 
the  full  benefit  of  all  the  information  he 
hail  acquired  and  returned  home  to  his  law 
practice,  and  when  this  great  question 
comes  before  the  American  Congress  it 
stands  to  reason  that  he  will  be  a  powerful 
factor  in  its  disposition,  for  he  is  the 
only  man  in  that  body  possessed  of  suffi- 
cient information  upon  which  to  base  cor- 
rect conclusions. 

Mr.  Beveridge  is  in  perfect  health, 
uses  neither  liquor  nor  tobacco,  is  remark- 
ably simple  in  his  diet,  and  has  habits  of 
thought  and  work  that  are  likely  to  give 
him  long  life.  Air.  Beveridge  properly 
regards  his  entrance  to  the  Senate  as  the 
beginning,  rather  than  the  end.  of  his 
career.  Along  with  his  Republican  prin- 
ciples, he  is  an  ardent  advocate  of  a  sound 
currency,  based  upon  a  solid  gold  stand- 
ard, and  lie  was  talking  eloquently  of  the 
duty  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  in  civiliz- 
ing the  waste  places  of  the  world  long 
before  the  terms  ••expansion"  and  ••anti- 
expansion"  were  disctissed. 

In  his  social  intercourse  he  is  vivacious 
and  good  humored,  generally  managing 
in  his  conversation  to  draw  out  all  that  is 
brightest  and  best  in  the  man  or  woman 
with  whom  he  is  conversing.  He  gives 
valuable  aid  to  the  charitable  work  of  the 
city  and  State,  in  which  he  always  takes 
great  interest.  Younger  men  have  gone 
to    the  Senate,   but  it  is  doubtful  if  any 


HlsTolIY    OK   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


man  has  ever  filtered  that  body  with 
larger  possibilities  of  greatness  before  him. 
Mr.  Beveridge  has  ambition,  intellect, 
caution,  tact,  and  good  judgment,  united 
with  splendid  physical  and  mental 
strength,  and  will  win  a  worthy  place  in 
historv. 


JAMES    ALEXANDER   HEMENWAY. 

James  Alexander  Hemenway.  uni- 
versally known  and  respected  as  one  of 
the  most  successful  political  leaders  of  the 
State,  has  contributed  more  than  any  other 
man  to  the  political  revolution  that  has 
transformed  the  first  Congressional  district 
into  a  safe  Republican  stronghold.  No- 
body  recognizes  this  fact  more  thoroughly 
than  do  the  Republicans  of  the'  first  dis- 
trict, and  the  leaders  there  never  think  of 
taking  any  step  in  State  affairs  without 
the  benefit  of  his  counsel  and  advice. 

Mr.  Hemenway  was  horn  at  Booneville, 
Indiana.  March  8,  I860.  His  father  was 
William  J.  L.  Hemenway.  a  descendant 
of  Ralph  Hemenway.  who  was  a  merchant 
at  Booneville.  The  young  man  was  edu- 
cated at  the  public  schools  of  Booneville 
and  worked  at  any  labor  he  could  find 
while  studying  law.  during  such  hours  as 
he  could  snatch  after  the  day's  work  was 
done.  It  was  a  long  and  hard  struggle 
for  he  had  no  means  of  going  to  college 
ami  had  to  dig  out  his  education  as  best 
he  could  without  guidance.  Thus  it  was 
not  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  old 
that  he  was  able  to  he  admitted  to  the  liar 
and  began  the  practice  of  law.  He  opened 
an  office  in  L884  and  soon  had  what  was 
accounted  a  very  successful  practice  for  a 
country  town.  He  was  endowed  with  that 
quick  understanding  of  human  nature, 
ready  sympathy  and  kindly  disposition  to 
help  that  inspired  not  only  the  esteem  hut 
the  warm  regard  of  all  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact.  Shortly  after  beginning 
the  practice  he  was  elected  City  Clerk  of 
his   native   town,  and    the   lighl    duties  of 


this  office  he  administered  well  without 
permitting  his  law  practice  to  suffer. 
Then  he  was  nominated  for  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  second  judicial  circuit. 
which  had  always  theretofore  been  over- 
whelmingly Democratic.  His  race  was 
regarded  as  a  forlorn  hope,  hut  so  great 
was  his  personal  popularity  that  to  the 
surprise  of  everybody  he  was  triumphantly 
elected,  being  the  first  person  to  carry  the 
circuit.  He  served  a  term  as  county 
chairman  and  showed  such  remarkable 
aptitude  for  organization  that  in  L892,  at 
the  regular  organization  of  the  party,  he 
was  chosen  as  district  chairman  and 
member  of  the  State  committee.  From 
that  time  forward  his  influence  has  been 
paramount  in  the  district  and  very  great 
in  the  politics  of  the  State.  At  his  first 
appearance  in  the  State  committee  his 
colleagues  realized  that  here  was  a  young 
man.  quiet  and  conservative,  who.  when 
he  rose  to  his  feet  had  something  to  say. 
said  it  to  the  point  and  said  it  in  such  a 
way  as  to  carry  the  conviction  that  he  was 
right.  In  1  s'.i-t  lie  was  nominated  for 
Congress  after  a  long  struggle  in  the  con- 
vention, and  was  elected  by  a  good  big 
majority.  In  Congress  he  was  given 
second  place  on  the  river  and  harbor 
committee  and  was  responsible  for  the  act 
placing  United  States  Marshals  ami  Dis- 
trict Attorneys  on  salary,  thus  saving  vast 
sums  to  the  Government.  He  was  re- 
nominated and  re-elected  in  1896,  and  in 
1  898  his  constituents  sent  him  fi  ir  the  third 
time  to  (  'ollgress.  While  he  seldom  speaks 
on  the  floor  his  opinion  in  the  committee 
room  and  among  members  is  very  potent. 
A  man  with  lofty  ideals  and  endowed  with 
force  of  character,  practical  common  sense 
and  the  courage  to  tight  actively  and  un- 
ceasingly for  the  right.  Mr.  Hemenway 
has  already  made  a  strong  impress  upon 
not  only  the  people  of  Indiana,  hut  tin- 
Nation  at  large,  ami  it  goes  without  say- 
ing that  the  future  holds  for  him  great 
things. 


■ 
- 


• 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


JAMES  S.  DODGE. 
James  Shaw  Dodge  is  descended  from 
ancestry  noted  for  steadfastness  of  pur- 
pose and  sterling  worth.  I  Mi  his  father's 
side  the  stock  was  Scotch,  earnest,  gen- 
uine, reliable,  while  his  mother  was  a 
descendant  of  the  pious,  benevolent  Penn- 
sylvania Quakers,  and  was  a  Quakeress 
herself.  He  was  born  August  24,  1846, 
in  Morrow  county.  Ohio,  one  of  the  live 
children  of  Charles  and  Malissa  Shaw 
Dodge.  Two  years  later  the  family  re- 
moved to  Elkhart  county.  Indiana,  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm.  In  1850,  when  only  four 
years  old.  the  death  of  his  mother  deprived 
him  of  the  care  and  tenderness,  love  and 
sympathy  which  children  so  much  need, 
but  never  find  in  any  other  person  but  a 
mother.  Six  years  later  his  father  died. 
leaving  him  an  orphan  indeed  at  the  age 
of  ten.  For  the  seven  years  following  he 
lived  with  relatives  in  Ohio,  working  on  a 
farm  and  obtaining  the  rudiments  of  an 
education  in  the  common  schools.  In 
June.  1  863,  two  months  before  reaching 
the  age  of  seventeen,  be  enlisted  as  a 
recruit  in  the  Third  Ohio  Cavalry.  It  was 
the  time  when  war  meant  serious  business. 
The  flower  and  the  pride  of  the  Rebel 
Army,  under  General  Lee.  had  invaded 
Pennsylvania  :  Yicksburg  was  holding  out 
against  the  assaults  of  Grant's  army  : 
Hood  and  Johnson  were  having  their  own 
way  in  Tennessee.  It  was  the  period  of 
doubt  and  foreboding  for  the  Union  cause. 
The  situation  called  for  brave  men  imbued 
with  patriotism.  Young  Dodge,  a  boy  in 
years,  but  a  man  in  courage  and  inflexi- 
bility of  purpose,  reached  bis  command  in 
the  Held  near  Chattanooga  only  two  days 
before  the  desperate  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  He  knew  nothing  of  discipline. 
nothing  of  tactics,  nothing  of  army  life, 
hut  he  did  know  the  issue  that  de- 
pended iipon  the  gauge  of  battle,  which 
had  been  accepted  as  the  arbiter.  He 
knew  that  the  integrity  of  the  Union  was 
threatened  :  that  patriotism  was  engaged 


in  the  conflict  against  treason.  So  be 
entered  the  battle  with  the  spirit  of  a  sol- 
dier and  the  awkwardness  of  a  recruit, 
and  came  out  with  a  little  saber  cut. 
scarcely  dignified  with  the  name  of  a 
wound.  From  that  time  on  until  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  witli  his  regiment  in 
camp,  on  the  march  and  in  battle,  never 
missing  a  roll  call  or  shirking  a  duty. 
Snake  Creek  Gap,  Buzzard's  Roost,  Res- 
aca,  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Atlanta  and  other 
historic  fields  found  him  among  the  fight- 
ers. He  was  with  Kilpatrick  on  his  famous 
raid  in  the  campaign  of  Atlanta,  and  with 
"Pap"  Thomas  in  the  battle  of  Nashville 
and  the  pursuit  of  General  Hood  south- 
ward. He  was  at  Selma.  Ala.,  and  Co- 
lumbus. Ga..  aiding  in  liberating  the  last 
of  the  Union  prisoners  of  Andersonville 
and  in  the  capture  of  Jeff  Davis  when 
fleeing  in  disguise.  When  the  last  battle 
had  been  fought,  and  the  last  Rebel  army 
had  surrendered,  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Nashville  with  the  rank  of  Orderly  Ser- 
geant, which  be  bad  held  during  the  cl<  sing 
year  of  the  war.  He  returned  to  Elkhart 
in  September.  1865,  attended  the  high 
school  for  a  few  months,  in  order  to  qualify 
himself  for  teaching,  then  taught  a  dis- 
trict school  during  the  two  winters  next 
ensuing,  and  studied  medicine  in  the  sum- 
mer with  Dr.  Ilaggerty.  In  the  fall  of 
1867  he  entered  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, where  he  pursued  a  professional 
course  for  two  years,  attending  the  lec- 
tures and  receiving  his  diploma  as  a  doctor 
of  medicine  in  1869.  He  began  practicing 
in  Elkhart,  where  he  remained  until  1  ^ 7 < '. . 
and  then  removed  to  Bristol,  in  the  same 
county,  continuing  to  practice  medicine 
and  surgery  until  lss4.  Two  years  be- 
fore that  time  it  became  evident  to  him 
that  he  would  lie  obliged  to  abandon  the 
practice  on  account  of  the  recurrence  of 
rheumatism,  which  he  had  contracted 
while  in  the  army  at  Gravely  Springs,  in 
1864.  He  thereupon  began  to  study  law. 
and  in  lvs4  was  prepared  to  accept  clients 


18 


274 


HISTORY    <>!•'   THE    REPUBLICAN    I'Alin 


instead  of  patients.  On  his  admission  to 
the  bar  in  that  year  lie  returned  to  Elkhart, 
which  lias  been  his  home  ever  since.  He 
later  graduated  at  the  University  <  it  Notre 
Dame  with  the  degree  of  L.  J,.  M.  He  is 
a  strong  lawyer  and  a  forcible  advocate. 
Mr.  Dodge  has  never  held  political  office. 
though  he  has  always  been  active  in  poli- 
tics. By  natural  selection,  education  and 
association  he  is  a  Republican.  His  voice 
has  been  potent  on  the  stump  in  every 
campaign  since  he  attained  the  age  of 
thirty.  His  style  of  publicspeech  is  argu- 
mentative, earnest  and  convincing.  His 
appeal  is  effective.  In  voice,  language 
and  manner  he  is  eloquent  His  services 
are  sought  by  the  State  committee,  and 
freely  rendered  at  the  sacrifice  of  personal 
comfort  and  private  interests.  In  1892  he 
received  the  nomination  of  his  party  as 
candidate  for  Congress  in  the  thirteenth 
district.  It  was  the  year  of  reaction  and 
surprises — a  Democratic  year,  character- 
ized by  one  of  the  memorable  periodical 
landslides  or  tidal  waves  that  serve  to 
emphasize  the  varying  moods  of  electors 
in  a  government  by  the  people.  It  was  a 
Waterloo  for  Republicans,  followed  by 
temporary  banishment  and  exclusion  from 
the  official  table.  Mr.  Dodge  was  simply 
one  of  the  victims  of  the  unwholesome 
atmospheric  conditions.  It  was  not  a  per- 
sonal defeat  but  a  partisan  disaster.  His 
followers  in  the  district  fought  as  valiantly 
as  any.  but  could  not  resist  the  tide.  The 
result  affected  neither  his  temper  nor  his 
party  fealty.  In  l894  he  was  fully  equip- 
ped for  campaign  service  and  entered  the 
field  with  his  accustomed  zeal.  He  is  a 
man  of  large  proportions  and  impressive 
personality,  pleasing  address  and  courtly 
manner.  He  is  capable  of  entertaining 
the  company  drawn  together  by  comrade- 
ship or  fellowship,  as  well  as  the  popular 
assembly.  He  has  at  all  times  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  promoting  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  :  wasa  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Harrison  Cathcart  Post.  No   96, 


at  Bristol,  and  served  four  years  as  1'osl 
Commander.  His  present  membership  is 
in  Elmer  Post.  No.  37,  of  Elkhart.  He  has 
frequently  served  as  Aide  de-Camp  on  the 
staff  of  the  Department  Commander  of 
Indiana:  is  Past  Department  Commander. 
He  is  a  member  and  senior  warden,  as  well 
as  a  regular  attendant  on  the  services  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  at  Elk 
hart,  hid.,  of  which  the  members  of  his 
family  are  communicants.  Mr.  Dodge 
was  married  May  1  •_'.  1875,  to  Miss  Jean - 
nette  -J.  Peck,  daughter  of  Charles  H. 
Peck,  of  Elkhart.  Their  children  are 
Jamie Sayre,  born  July  •_'.  1876;  Berenice 
Frances,  born  June  1.  lvs-t.  His  tastes 
and  affections  are  strongly  domestic.  His 
highest  social  pleasure  is  found  at  home 
in  cheerful  and  happy  association  with  his 
interesting:  family. 


CHARLES  EMMET   WILSON. 

Charles  Emmet  Wilson  has  long  been 
a  prominent  figure  in  Indiana  Republi 
can  politics,  hut  he  insists  that  he  is  not  a 
politician,  preferring  to  lie  known  and 
accepted  as  a  newspaper  man.  Although 
he  has  written  much  aside  from  his 
voluminous  contributions  to  the  press,  he 
contends  that  he  does  not  claim  a  place  in 
the  literary  galaxy,  because  he  simply 
writes  as  a  means  of  enabling  him  to  live 
and  n<it  for  glory  nor  for  mutual  admira- 
tion purposes.  At  an  early  age  he  began 
his  newspaper  life  with  the  Patriot,  at 
Lebanon.  Indiana,  where  his  father  wasa 
merchant  and  contractor.  He  was  a 
member  of  a  literary  society  which  had 
its  origin  in  the  old  Lebanon  Presby- 
terian Academy,  in  which  James  A 
Mount  had  several  years  previously  been 
a  conspicuous  debater,  and  became  one  of 
the  editors  of  a  fraternity  newspaper. 
This  gave  him  a  taste  tor  real  newspaper 
work,  and  soon  thereafter  he  began  to 
learn  the  trade  of  printer,  having  secured 
a   position  with    David  E    Caldwell,    who 


HISTOKY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


was  at  that  time  owner  anil  editor  of  the 
Patriot.  Here  he  developed  a  natural 
penchant  for  writing  and  was  encouraged 
and  helped  in  many  ways  by  Mr.  Cald- 
well. The  two  remained  closely  associ- 
ated for  several  years,  working  together 
on  various  journals  at  Indianapolis,  At- 
lanta and  Richmond.  At  the  latter  place. 
at  the  age  of  eighteen,  Mr.  Wilson  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Caldwell  as  editorial  writer  on 
the  Daily  Independent,  and  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  since  then  has  been  ener- 
getically devoted  to  that  class  of  work. 
At  one  time  he  was  telegraph  editor  of 
the  Evansville  (  'ourier,  and  later  served 
the  Richmond  Free  Press  in  the  same 
capacity,  writing  editorial  paragraphs 
also.  From  Richmond  he  went  to  Green- 
ville, <  >hio,  where  he  became  identified 
with  the  Times  of  that  city.  He  then 
returned  to  Lebanon  and  to  the  Patriot, 
finally  purchasing  the  property. 

He  was  elected  City  Clerk  of  Lebanon, 
serving  one  term,  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  Postmaster  by  President  Hayes, 
through  the  influence  of  the  late  Hon. 
(lodlove  S.  Orth.  After  disposing  of  the 
Patriot,  Mr.  Wilson  took  service  with  the 
LaFayette  ('omit,  a  weekly  illustrated 
humorous  and  satirical  journal.  Its  ca- 
reer, like  its  name,  was  brilliantly 
meteoric,  and.  although  it  did  not  long 
survive,  it  was  freely  quoted  from  one  end 
of  the  United  States  to  the  other.  After 
the  ( 'omet  had  run  its  erratic  course,  Mr. 
Wilson  accepted  a  position  as  director  of 
the  literary  features  of  the  Republican 
State  central  committee.  Here  he  in- 
augurated a  system  of  supplying  news- 
papers with  special  matter,  and  he  thus 
became  one  of  the  forefathers  of  the  latter 
day  "literary  bureau."  It  was  at  this 
time  he  also  compiled  and  published  a 
"Political  Handbook  of  Indiana."  which 
was  a  model  of  its  kind  and  had  a  large 
sale,  more  than  five  thousand  copies  being 
disposed  of.  He  also  wrote  a  number  of 
political   pamphlets  and  originated  many 


campaign  features  which  were  copy- 
righted and  sold  to  committees  in  nearly 
every  State  in  the  Union.  After  the 
close  of  the  campaign  of  lssfi.  Mr.  Wil- 
son, without  solicitation,  was  appointed 
Assistant  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  later  made  a  tour  with  James 
Whitcomb  Riley,  poet  and  reader,  acting 
in  the  capacity  of  business  manager. 

In  1**7  Mi1.  Wilson  became  managing 
editor  of  the  LaFayette  Din'///  Courier. 
The  paper  already  had  the  prestige  of  a 
splendid  past,  it  having  been  given 
National  prominence  as  a  result  of  the 
virile  editorial  utterances  of  Hon.  W.  S. 
I migle.  who  was  its  ruling  spirit  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Mr.  Tingle 
and  Mr.  Wilson  had  been  intimate,  confi- 
dential friends  for  years,  and.  when  the 
former  died,  the  latter,  knowing  full  well 
bis  old  friend's  policy,  his  ambition,  his 
hopes  and  his  heart,  assumed  charge  of 
the  paper,  well  equipped  to  take  up  the 
thread  where  it  had  been  so  ruthlessly 
snapped  asunder  by  the  inevitable  decree 
of  nature.  During  a  period  of  nearly  ten 
years.  Mr.  Wilson  remained  at  the  helm 
of  the  Courier,  finally  resigning,  in  1897, 
in  order  to  accept  the  position  of  Private 
Secretary  to  Governor  Mount,  which  posi- 
tion was  voluntarily  tendered  him. 

During  the  National  campaign  of  L896, 
the  Courier  attained  unusual  prominence 
because  of  the  fact  that  it  was  one  of  the 
most  aggressive  champions  of  the  nomi- 
nation of  Mr.  McKinley  for  President,  and 
special  editions  were  printed  for  cir- 
culation in  Indianapolis  and  elsewhere 
throughout  the  State.  After  the  St.  Louis 
convention,  when  Western  headquarters  of 
the  National  Republican  committee  were 
established  at  Chicago.  Mr.  Wilson  was 
solicited  to  take  charge  of  the  newspaper 
bureau.  Under  his  direction  the  com- 
mittee furnished  a  vast  amount  of  cam- 
paign matter  to  the  press,  and  his  work 
was  so  well  done  that  he  was  personally 
and  cordially  complimented  by  chairman 


OK    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


271 


M.  A.  Hanna  and  other  members  of  the 
National  committee.  It  was  generally  un- 
derstood that  President  McKinley  was 
cordially  disposed  to  give  substantial 
recognition  of  Mr.  Wilson's  services,  but 
he  was  not  ambitions  for  office,  preferring 
to  remain  with  the  Courier.  However, 
in  casting  about  for  a  Private  Secretary, 
Governor  Mount  voluntarily  solicited  Mr 
Wilson  to  accept  that  position.  There 
were  many  applicants  for  the  place. 
backed  by  strong  political  influences,  but 
the  Governor  decided  to  make  his  own 
choice,  regardless  of  petitions  and  im- 
portuning. After  two  or  three  weeks' 
deliberation,  Mr.  Wilson  finally  decided 
to  accept  the  generous  proffer,  and  there- 
upon entered  the  service  of  the  State  as 
the  confidential  friend  and  helpmeet  of 
the  Chief  Executive.  He  was  also  ap- 
pointed and  commissioned  military  secre- 
tary, with  the  rank  of  Colonel.  Under 
ordinary  circumstances,  this  office  is  orna 
mental  and  honorary,  rather  than  useful. 
but  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Spain 
invested  it  with  unusual  interest  and  im- 
portance. He  was  therefore  called  upon 
to  give  his  personal  attention  to  the  mul- 
tiplicity of  details  incident  to  the  organi- 
zation and  equipment  of  an  army,  in  ad- 
dition to  directing  the  regular  routine  and 
correspondence  of  the  Governor's  office. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Indiana  Republican  editorial  asso- 
ciation and  for  several  years  was  its  secre- 
tary. In  1896  he  was  elected  president 
of  that  association  and  subsequently  de- 
clined a  second  term  because  he  had  tem- 
porarily retired  from  active  newspaper 
work.  In  connection  with  Hon.  J.  N. 
Huston,  chairman  of  the  Repuhlican  State 
central  committee,  Mr.  Wilson,  as  secre- 
tary, organized  the  Lincoln  League  in 
Indiana,  which  proved  to  be  an  important 
factor  in  deciding  the  State  election  in  the 
memorable  campaign  of  L886  and  is  yet  a 
potent  force  in  politics.  He  is  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  LaFavette  Social 


Club,  a  member  of  the  ( !olumbia  and  Press 
Clubs  of  Indianapolis  and  an  ardenl  Mason. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Typographical 
Union  and  affiliates  with  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church.  His  wife.  Atha  May.  is  the 
daughter  of  Samuel  Rodefer,  a  prominent 
and  successful  business  man.  whose  home 
is  at  Lebanon,  and  over  whose  household 
she  still  presides,  her  mother  and  an  elder 
sister  having  died  while  Mrs.  Wilson  was 
in  her  infancy.     They  have  no  children. 


WILLIAM    .).    HENLEY. 

War.  .1.  Heni.ey.  one  of  the  youngest 
men  thai  has  ever  occupied  the  bench  of 
the  higher  courts  of  Indiana,  is  known 
throughout  the  State  as  one  of  the  ablest 
jurists  within  its  borders.  Sound  in  his 
judgment  and  thorough  in  his  knowledge 
of  the  law.  his  clear  and  concise  opinions 
have  become  known  as  models  of  judicial 
excellence. 

Away  hack  in  the  tui'bulent  times  of 
the  ••  Roundhead  "  and  "Cavalier,"  the  an- 
cestors of  Judge  Henley,  while  dissenting 
from  the  Etablished  Church  and  declining 
to  support  the  Catholic  tendency  of  the 
Stuarts,  were  among  that  peaceful  sect 
known  as  Friends.  His  grandfather 
crossed  the  Atlantic  with  William  Penn, 
and  his  father.  Thomas  W.  Henley,  first 
migrated  to  North  Carolina  and  after- 
wards, in  1832,  settled  at  Carthage.  Rush 
county.  Indiana.  Here  he  married  Hanna 
Williams,  daughter  of  Jason  Williams, 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Henry  county. 
Their  son,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
horn  at  Carthage.  October  15,  L864.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Carthage  and  the  Friends'  Seminary.  In 
1880,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  began  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Melette  & 
Bundy  at  Newcastle,  and  remained  with 
them  two  years.  He  then  spent  a  year  in 
the  office  of  George  C.  Clark  at  Rushville, 
and  formed  a  partnership  in  that  city  with 
Benjamin    L.    Smith.      His    high     native 


»7S 


if   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


ability  ami  industry  brought  him  success 
from  the  start  While  very  ambitious  for 
advancement,   he    understood    thoroughly 

ili.it  success  iii  the  law  is  not  won  without 
excellence  and  liis  first  aim  was  the  mas- 
tery nf  his  profession.  Alter  four  years 
this  partnership  was  dissolved  and  the 
firm  of  Henley  &  Guffin  was  funned, 
which  lasted  nine  years,  until  Judge  Hen- 
ley took  his  seat  upon  the  Appellate  bench. 

The  young  lawyer's  services  were  soon 
in  demand,  not  only  by  clients,  but  by  the 
Republican  party  managers,  first  nf  Rush 
countx  and  then  of  the  State.  He  gave 
his  party  the  benefit  nf  his  abilities  when 
ever  his  professional  work  permitted  and 
soon  attained  considerable  influence  in  the 
party  councils.  He  was  frequently  chosen 
a  delegate  to  State  conventions  and  as  fre- 
quently offered  political  nominations,  all 
of  which  he  declined  until  LS96,  when  he 
was  nominated  by  the  State  convention 
tor  the  Appellate  bench  His  youth  mili- 
tated against  him  somewhat,  hut  he  did 
not  lack  for  able  lawyers  in  the  conven- 
tion who  knew  nf  his  abilities  and  were 
ready  to  assure  the  delegates  that  they 
could  make  no  mistake  in  his  nomination. 
The  event  more  than  justified  their  assur 
allce.  He  was  elected  with  the  ticket  and 
his  work  mi  the  bench  was  such  that  when 
the  life  of  the  Appellate  Court  was  pro- 
longed, and  it  became  necessary  to  nomi- 
nate men  tor  it  again  in  LS9S,  he  was  re- 
nominated without  opposition. 

In  LSS5  Judge  Henley  was  married  to 
Mis~  Sallie  Monroe,  of  Nashville.  Ten 
nessee,  a  granddaughter  of  Gen.  Pleasant 
A.  Hackleman,  the  only  General  from  In- 
diana that  fell  in  actum  during  the  Civil 
War.  Their  comfortable  home  at  Rush- 
ville  is  brightened  by  three  children.  As 
a  man  and  citizen.  Judge  Henley's  kindly 

g 1  nature  and   sterling  worth  have  won 

him  wide  popularity,  while  as  an  advocate 
ami  jurist  he  is  held  in  the  highest  respect 
and  esteem   by  the  bench  and   liar  of  the 

State. 


UNION   B.   HUNT. 

At  the  close  of  the  War  of  1ML'.  Col. 
John  Hunt,  of  the  American  army,  took 
up  land  in  the  wild  frontier  State  of  Ken- 
tucky and  cleared  there  for  himself  a 
home.  His  son.  Joshua  Parker  Hunt. 
was  born  in  1  so.",  and  grew  to  wealth  and 
prominence  in  Kentucky  as  a  dealer  in 
stock.  He  migrated  to  Indiana  before  the 
war  and  contributed  his  sons  to  the  Union 
army.  While  one  of  these  lay  languish- 
in-  in  Andersoiiville  prison  another  son 
was  Imrn  and  the  father  called  him  Union 
Banner  Basil  Morton  Hunt.  Basil  was  an 
old  family  name  and  the  Union  Banner 
and  Moi'toii  were  tacked  on  through  the 
patriotic  influence  of  the  father. 

Union  Banner  Hunt  was  horn  on  his 
father's  farm,  in  Randolph  county.  Septem- 
ber  -J.  1  S*>+.  He  attended  the  common 
schools  and  early  displayed  the  same  stu- 
dious habits  ami  indefatigable  industry 
that  have  won  him  his  way  so  handsomely 
through  life.  While  his  father  had  come 
to  Indiana  a  man  of  means,  yet  he  had 
met  with  heavy  losses  through  the  endorse- 
nientsof  the  paper  of  friends  and  the  close 
of  i  he  war  found  the  family  in  straightened 
circumstances  They  removed  to  Illinois 
in  L868  hut  returned  to  Randolph  county 
in  1876  and  settled  on  the  farm.  The  boy 
continued  to  attend  school  in  the  winters 
and  worked  on  the  farm  during  the  sum- 
mer. It  was  in  his  mind  to  study  law  hut 
the  way  to  the  attainment  of  this  end  was 
devious  and  rugged.  By  working  as  a 
common  laborer  on  farms  and  in  a  tile 
factory,  as  a  clerk  in  a  general  store,  and 
as  a  teacher  of  a  common  school,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  making  a  living  and  saving  up 
a  little  money  and  with  this  he  entered 
the  office  of  Watson  &  Watson  to  study 
law.  In  time  he  was  admitted  and  began 
the  practice.  In  1888  he  was  appointed 
special  expert  in  the  census  bureau  and 
did  his  work  well.  The  following  year  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  John  R.  Wright. 
hut    ill   health   compelled    him    to   give   up 


ClyUui&^   09.     9^uytX7 


280 


HISTORY    OK    THE    RERl'BLK'AN    RARTY 


the  close  confinement  of  an  office  and  he 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Winches- 
ter Herald,  a  weekly  paper  which  he 
edited.  After  his  Ileal  tli  was  restored  he  si  >ld 
the  newspaper  and  entered  into  a  law  part- 
nership with  Messrs.  Hutchens&  Hutchens. 
He  was  successful  at  the  bar  not  only 
through  his  industry  and  study  hut  through 
his  eloquence  as  an  orator.  He  is  pe- 
culiarly gifted  in  oratory  and  many  years 
before  lie  thought  of  aspiring  for  political 
office  his  services  were  in  demand  as  a 
speaker  by  county  and  State  committees 
and  he  had  thus  acquired  a  very  wide 
political  acquaintance  throughout  the  State 
when  in  L898  he  stood  for  the  nomination 
for  Secretary  of  State.  Two  other  very 
aide  gentlemen.  John  C.  Chaney  and 
Charles  F.  Coffin,  were  aspirants  for  the 
same  nomination,  but  Mr.  Hunt  was 
nominated  on  the  first  ballot.  As  the 
head  of  the  ticket  he  made  an  active  and 
vigorous  campaign,  speaking  every  day  for 
over  a  month  in  a  tour  that  spread  all 
over  the  State.  He  was  elected  triumph- 
antly and  is  still  administering  the  office 
with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  State. 

Mr.  Hunt  is  a  member  of  many  clubs 
and  societies,  hut  his  chief  attention  in 
this  line  has  heeii  given  to  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  in  which  organization  he  has 
participated  with  great  prominence  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  Order  at  Lynn,  Indiana. 
September  7.  1887,  and  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  the  organization  of  Modoc 
Lodge,  in  which  he  became  the  first  pre- 
siding officer.  Entering  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Indiana  in  1*H1  he  participated  prom- 
inently in  the  election  of  James  E.  Watson. 
Grand  Prelate,  and  took  up  the  fight  of 
the  weaker  lodges  against  the  increase  of 
the  initiation  fee.  So  eloquently  did  he 
urge  their  cause  that  he  carried  the  day. 
In  1895  he  was  appointed  the  Grand  In- 
structor. In  1s;m;  he  was  elected  Grand 
Vice- Chancellor  and  in  18'J"  was  chosen  as 
Grand  Chancellor. 


Mr.  Hunt  was  married  October  9,  L891, 

to  Miss  Mary  Myrtle  Hinshaw.  of  Ran- 
dolph county,  and  they  have  one  child. 
Mr.  Hunt  is  essentially  a  home  man  and 
all  the  time  he  can  spare  from  his  official 
duties  is  spent  in  the  quiet  of  his  library 
with  his  wife  and  child. 


FREDERICK   A.   JOSS. 

Senator  Joss,  of  Indianapolis,  stands 
among  the  foremost  of  the  prominent 
young  Republicans  of  Indiana.  His  ser- 
vices to  the  party,  especially  in  the  vicinity 
of  Marion  county,  have  been  efficient  and 
valuable  and  have  heen  in  part  rewarded 
by  his  election  to  his  present  office  as  State 
Senator.  Few  men  take  a  more  active 
part  in  all  campaigns  and  few  accomplish 
more  in  their  work  for  the  success  of  Re- 
publican principles.  Mr.  Joss  is  a  man  of 
strong  characterand  of  great  individuality. 
His  opinions  are  the  result  of  individual 
thought  and  the  resulting  actions  are  in- 
dependent. 

Frederick  Augustus  Joss  was  born  at 
Centerville,  St.  Joseph  county,  Michigan. 
May  5th.  ls67.  His  father,  John C.  Joss, 
was  a  manufacturer  and  was  for  sixteen 
years  Clerk  of  St.  Joseph  county.  John 
C.  Joss  was  horn  at  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
of  German  parents,  who  were  forced  to 
live  there  for  political  reasons.  He  was  a 
student  at  the  universities  of  Halle  and 
Heidelberg  and  came  to  this  country  just 
before  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War.  He 
served  four  years  in  the  Union  army  and 
was  during  that  time  promoted  from  pri- 
vate to  Captain,  losing  his  left  leg  on  the 
third  day  of  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness. 
He  had  been  definitely  settled  upon  by  the 
Garfield  administration  for  the  Consul- 
Generalship  to  Frankfort-ou-the-Main. 
when  he  was  killed  in  a  railroad  accident 
at  Niles.  Michigan,  the  point  Where  he  left 
the  cars  upon  coming  to  America  before 
the  war.  He  left  his  family  a  considera- 
ble estate.     The  mother  of  Senator  Joss. 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


281 


Mary  Moore  Merrell,  belonged  to  the  well- 
known  Beardsley  and  Norton  families  of 
Xew  York  State,  and  was  an  educated  and 
cultured  lady,  whose  chief  aim  and  pur- 
pose in  life  was  the  education  of  her  sons. 

Mr.  Joss  received  his  early  education 
in  the  common  schools  and  high  school  of 
Centerville  and  the  Ann  Arbor  High  School", 
the  Preparatory  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  where  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  senior  class  of  L885,  and  en- 
tered the  University  of  Michigan  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Chi   Psi  Fraternity. 

After  spending  a  year  in  a  mining  ven- 
ture in  Canada.  Mr.  Joss  visited  his  col 
lege  friend,  Hon.  Braden  Clark,  of  Frank- 
fort, Indiana,  who  is  now  a  member  of  the 
Lower  House  of  the  legislature  of  Indiana. 
At  Frankfort  he  read  law  in  the  office  of 
Hon.  S.  0.  Bayless,  now  assistant  gen- 
eral counsel  for  the  Big  Four  Railway 
Company.  Later  he  formed  a  law  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Clark  and  continued  in 
the  practice  at  Frankfort  until  June  L2, 
1892,  when  he  came  to  Indianapolis  on  an 
offer  of  employment  by  his  present  law 
partner.  Hon.  Ovid  B.  Jameson,  forwhom 
he  worked  until  January,  1895,  when  the 
present  law  partnership  of  Jameson  &  Joss 
was  formed. 

Mr.  Joss  was  elected  to  the  Indiana 
Senate  in  1898  from  the  counties  of  Marion 
and  Morgan  and  is  recognized  as  an  able 
and  conservative  representative,  being 
thoroughly  satisfactory  to  all  his  constit 
uents,  regardless  of  politics.  He  has  held 
many  prominent  positions  in  his  party  or- 
ganization and  besides  is  a  leading  mem- 
ber of  many  organizations  and  clubs 
of  Indianapolis,  being  chairman  of  the 
elections  committee  of  the  Columbia  Club, 
ex-secretary  of  the  Marion  Club,  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason  and  Mystic  Shriner. 
and  member  of  the  University  Club.  Mr, 
Joss  was  married  in  L891  to  Mary  <t>. 
Hubbard,  of  Wheeling:,  W.  Va..  and  is  the 


father  of  two  children.  Mary  Hubbard  and 
Lucianna  Hubbard  Joss.  He  isamember 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  ( Ihurch  of  America. 

Mr.  Joss  is  one  of  that  constantly-in- 
creasing body  of  young,  well-educated 
Republicans,  who  believe  that  the  per- 
petuation of  the  Republic  depends  upon 
every  intelligent  and  enlightened  citizen 
interesting  himself  in  politics  and  that 
such  interest  will  have  most  influence  if 
exercised  through  the  medium  of  a  politi- 
cal organization.  So  believing,  he  has 
taken  an  active  and  loyal  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  Republican  party  in  this 
State  with  pronounced  success. 

An  intimate  friend  of  the  Hon.  Albert 
J.  Beveridge.  he  was  one  of  the  first  to 
realizebis  availability  for  the  UnitedStates 
Senate  and  was  prominently  connected 
with  the  successful  movement  that  re- 
sulted in  his  election.  He  was  untiring 
in  his  efforts  to  that  end  and  was  the  ac- 
knowledged leader  of  the  Beveridge  forces 
in  the  caucus.  He  also  made  the  speech 
nominating  Mr.  Beveridge  in  the  Senate. 
which  received  much  favorable  mention. 
He  was  also  foremost  in  the  movement 
among  the  younger  Republicans  of  Indi- 
anapolis which  culminated  in  the  nomina- 
tion of  Charles  A.  Bookwalter  as  the  Re- 
publican candidate  for  Mayor,  the  success 
of  which  movement  undoubtedly  marks 
the  beginning  of  a  new  epoch  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  Republican  party  in  Indianap- 
olis and  Marion  county. 


E.    D.    ChTMl'ACKKU 

Edgar  Dean  Ceumpacker,  one  of  the 

wisest  and  most  influential  members  of 
the  Indiana  delegation  in  Congress,  was 
horn  May  27,  1852,  at  Westville.  Indiana, 
the  son  of  Theophilus  and  Harriet  Emmons 
Crumpacker.  Both  parents  were  natives 
of  Virginia,  the  father  being  of  German 
extraction  and  the  mother  Scotch.  The 
boy  was  educated   at   the  common  schools 


28  2 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


and  the  Valparaiso  Academy.      Heworked 

on  his  father's  farm  with  no  extraordinary 
incident  until  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
when  he  began  the  study  of  law  and  was 
later  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  has  been 
in  practice  at  Valparaiso  for  twenty  years. 
He  early  displayed  an  active  interest  in 
politics  and  was  made  chairman  of  the 
Republican  county  committee  in  L882. 
In  L884  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor- 
ney and  served  until  L888.  In  March. 
1.891.  he  was  appointed  -Indue  of  the 
Appellate  Court  by  Governor  Hovey  and 
served  very  ably  in  that  capacity  until  the 
expiration  of  his  term.  January  1.  L893. 
In  1  >•'.•«'.  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  in 
the  tenth  district  after  a  most  memora 
hie  contest  in  the  Congressional  conven- 
tion, in  which  lie  defeated  •).  Frank 
Hanley.  of  LaFayette,  by  one-half  a  vote. 
He  was  elected  liy  a  large  majority  and 
two  years  later  was  renominated  without 

Opposition    ami    reelected.       Judge    ( !rum- 

packer  was  married  on  April  20,   L879,   to 

Miss  Charlotte  A.  Lucas  at  Westville, 
Indiana,  and  they  have  three  sons.  Owen 
L.  Fred  C.  and  Maurice  E.  Mr.  Crum- 
packer  holds  undisputed  sway  as  the  leader 


oi  the  Republican  party  in  his  district  and 
his  record  in  Congress  has  earned  him  very 
genera]  respect  and  admiration  in  that 
body. 

ALFRED  ML  GLOSSBRENNER. 

Among  the  young  Republicans  of  In- 
dianapolis none  is  regarded  with  more 
confidence  than  Alfred  M.  Glossbrenner, 
whose  sagacity  and  business  judgment 
make  him  valuable  in  the  councils  of  his 
party,  and  whose  unflagging  energy  com 
mands  results.  His  whole  life  is  an  en- 
couraging example  of  the  rich  rewards  to 
be  gained  by  perseverance,  industry  and 
self  respecting  integrity.  Mr.  Glossbrenner 
has  just  passed  thirty,  yet  he  is  second 
in  authority  in  one  of  the  largest  business 
concerns  in  the  State,  has  served  with 
honor  a  term  in  the  legislature,  is  gladly 
received  in  the  best  clubs  in  the  city  and 
his  opinions  arc  eagerly  sought  in  business 
and  political  affairs. 

Mr.  Glossbrenner  was  horn  in  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Indiana.  August  15,  L869.  With 
the  exception  of  six  years  in  the  public 
schools,  he  is  entirely  self-educated.  His 
family  removed  to  Indianapolis,  m  Janu- 
ary. L882,  and  there  he  found  employment 
liist  as  a  newshoy.  then  as  a  cash  hoy  in  a 
large  store.  The  hoy  was  ambitious  to  bet- 
ter his  condition  and  lost  no  opportunity  to 
pick  up  knowledge  by  the  wayside.  His 
evenings  were  spent  in  the  study  of  hook- 
keeping  and  accounting  and  the  common 
school  branches,  the  study  of  which  he  was 
not  permitted  to  pursue  at  school.  After  he 
had  been  in  Indianapolis  a  year  he  secured 
a  minor  position  in  an  office,  and  at  the 
same  time  spent  five  nights  in  the  week 
in  the  study  of  commercial  law  and  other 
branches  calculated  to  tit  him  for  a  busi- 
iiess  life.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  se- 
cured a  position  as  bookkeeper  and  general 
office  man  with  the  printing  house  of  Levey 
Brothers  &  Co.,  which  had  removed  from 
Madison  to  Indianapolis,  and  started  the 
printing  business  in  a  small  way.      He  at 


OF    THE    STATE    ny    INDIANA. 


283 


once  made  himself  valuable  to  the  concern 
by  directing  his  whole  energy  to  the  im 
provement  of  its  business.  His  advance 
nient  was  steady  and  at  the  present  writing- 
lie  is  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  com- 
pany whose  business  lias  grown  to  great 
proportions,  and  to  whose  large  success  his 
own  skill  and  industry  have  contributed  in 
a  very  substantial  way.  His  business  life 
has  been  characterized  by  aggressiveness, 
sagacity  and  strict  integrity. 

He  exhibited  an  early  interest  in  poli- 
tics, and  his  political  activity  has  been 
characterized  by  the  same  qualities  which 
made  him  successful  in  business.  His  in  - 
rluence  in  the  councils  of  the  Republican 
party  had  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  in 
lSl/ts  the  legislative  nomination  was  ten- 
dered to  him  without  his  seeking,  and  at 
the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  friends  he 
accepted  it.  although  at  the  cost  of  sacri- 
fice to  his  business.      He  conducted  a  g 1 

campaign  and  was  elected  to  the  Sixty- 
first  General  Assembly.  During  this  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature  he  was  known  as 
an  active,  careful  and  influential  member, 
noted  for  his  steadfastness  of  purpose  and 
rigid  adherence  to  his  convictions.  His 
influence,   gained   by    quiet,    moral  force. 

was  felt   in   the  promotion   of  many  g 1 

measures,  as  well  as  in  the  defeat  of 
measures  promoted  by  selfish  interests. 
Mi-  (ilossbrenner  is  credited  with  being 
the  first  to  suggest  Albert  J.  Beveridge  as 
an  available  candidate  in  1899  for  United 
States  Senator,  and  he  assisted  very  ma- 
terially in  organizing  and  directing  the 
campaign  which  terminated  in  the  election 
of  Senator  Beveridge. 

Personally.  Mr.  (ilossbrenner  is  modes! 
and  retiring,  but  withal  cheerful  and 
genial  in  companionship  and  has  a  host  of 
friends  in  every  walk  of  life.  lie  is  a 
Scottish  Rite  Mason,  a  Nobleof  the  Mystic 
Shrine,  a  Knight  Templar,  an  <  >dd  Fellow, 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and 
of  the  Commercial  Club,  and  belongs  to 
the     Marion     and     Columbia     and     other 


A  At, 


Republican  Clubs.  He  has  never  been 
smiled  upon  by  good  fortune,  and  has 
found  many  obstacles  in  the  way  of  his 
progress,  but  his  aggressive  spirit  and 
tenacity  of  purpose  have  advanced  him 
steadily,  until,  at  the  age  of  thirty,  he  en- 
joys a  place  in  the  business  and  political 
life  of  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  which  few- 
men  enjoy,  and.  besides,  has  the  universal 
respect   of  his  friends. 

Mr.  Glossbrenner  was  married  Novem- 
ber 14.  1894,  to  Minnie  M.  Stroup,  of  Wal- 
droii.  Indiana,  ami  has  one  child.  Daniel 
Independence,  who  was  born  July  4.  LSUtJ. 


DANIEL  DARWIN    PRATT. 

Daniel  Darwin  Pratt  was  horn  at 
Palermo.  Me..  October  23,  LS13,  and  died 
at  Logansport,  Intl.,  Sunday.  June  17. 
1877.  His  father  was  a  physician,  and 
son  of  David  Pratt,  a  Revolutionary  sol- 
dier, of   Berkshire  couiltv,   Massachusetts. 


£84 


HISTORY    (>!•'    TIIK    KKITKI.KAN    PARTY 


His  mother,  Sallie  Rogers  Hill,  was  ;i 
most  remarkable  woman,  a  Baptist  of  the 
deepest  piety,  and  exceedingly  gifted  in 
prayer  and  exhortation.  While  .Mr.  Pratt 
was  an  infant  the  family  moved  to  Ven- 
ner,  Madison  county.  New  York.  The 
venerable  old  farmhouse  is  still  standing. 
where  over  sixty  years  ago  Dr.  Pratt  com- 
menced life.  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
Mr.  Pratt's  early  years  were  years  of 
severe  toil.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he 
gave  such  promise  that  it  was  resolved  to 
educate  him.  Accordingly,  in  IS25,  he 
entered  the  seminary  at  Cazenovia,  N. 
Y..  then  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Porter, 
and.  in  1827,  the  freshman  class  of  Ham- 
ilton College,  where  he  graduated  in  I  s::  l 
the  valedictorian  of  his  class. 

Fifty  years  agoa  college  course  was  an 
entirely  different  thing  from  what  it  is 
now.  The  freshman  studied  Murray's 
English  Grammar,  Pike's  Arithmetic  and 
Morse's  Geography.  The  Greek  of  the 
course  was  all  contained  in  that  unri- 
valed text-hook.  "Graeca  Majora,"  con- 
taining over  one  thousand  pages  of  solid 
Greek  text,  with  notes  all  in  tough  Latin. 
Expenses  were  on  a  scale  of  Spartan  sim- 
plicity— hoard,  one  dollar  per  week:  tui- 
tion, seven  dollars  per  term. 

Directly  after  his  graduation.  Mr. 
Pratt,  then  eighteen  years  old.  was  called 
from  the  harvest  field  to  take  the  place  of 
a  professor  in  Madison  University.  Among 
his  papers  is  a  scrap,  brown  with  years, 
signed  by  half  a  dozen  now  eminent  Baptist 
Doctors  of  Divinity,  then  students,  express- 
ing their  complete  satisfaction  with  his 
labors  as  a  teacher.  With  the  funds  so 
acquired  he  read  law  at  Cazenovia.  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Pratt  returned  home  after  using 
up.  in  three  months'  study  of  Blackstone. 
the  wages  so  earned  by  teaching.  One 
morning  he  woke  up,  and  overheard  a 
conversation  between  his  father  and 
mother,  in  which  the  latin  r  said  that  the 
$500  he  had   paid    educating    his   son    had 


been  all  lost,  and  he  was  not  going  to 
amount  to  anything.  Stung  to  the  quick 
by  the  remark,  young  Pratt  resolved  to 
leave  home  and  never  return  until  he  had 
more  property  than  his  father.  But  he 
was  too  proud  to  ask  for  help.  So.  he.  a 
boy  of  eighteen,  shouldered  his  ax  and 
marched  out  into  the  woods,  chopped  cord 
wood.  and.  as  soon  as  spring  came,  plowed 
the  fields  and  planted  corn,  until  in  May. 
IS32,  he  accumulated  |30,  when  he  threw 
down  his  hoe  and  set  his  face  Westward. 
The  only  communication  "VYestward  in 
tin  ise  days  was  by  the  Erie  canal  and  great 
lakes.  At  Chillicothe,  0.,  his  money  ran 
so  low  that  he  could  no  longer  afford  the 
luxury  of  canal  travel.  Leaving  his  trunk 
with  the  hoat.  he  footed  it  to  Cincinnati. 
Shortly  afterward,  he  drifted  down  the 
Ohio  river  to  Lawrenceburg.  where  he 
arrived  without  a  penny  in  the  world. 
For  the  next  two  years  he  taught  school 
in  t  his  place  and  in  Fusing  Sun.  his  first  wife 
i  then  Miss  Sophia  James i  being  one  of  his 
pupils.  In  ls34.  hardly  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  he  reached  Indianapolis.  Noah 
Noble  was  then  Governor.  Taking  a  fancy 
to  the  youth,  he  made  him  his  private 
secretary.  Meantime.  Mr.  Pratt  entered 
the  office  of  the  then  great  law  firm  of 
Fletcher  &  Butler,  and  diligently  applied 
himself  to  legal  study.  Hon.  Simon 
Yandes  was.  for  a  time,  his  fellow  stu- 
dent. Mr.  Pratt  offered  himself  in  1836 
as  a  candidate  for  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  House.  After  a  most  exciting  canvass 
on  his  part,  the  election  came  on.  The 
vote  stood  thus:  George  P.  R.  Wilson. 
51;  Daniel  D.  Pratt.  30;  Joel  0.  Boggs. 
is.  This  defeat  killed  Mr.  Pratt's  politi- 
cal aspirations  for  the  next  fifteen  years. 
In  1836  Mr.  Pratt  left  the  capital  for 
Logansport,  then  a  small  Indian  trading 
post  upon  the  Wabash  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Eel  river.  Here  is  a  vivid  picture  of 
Indiana,  as  it  was  forty  years  ago,  from 
his  pen: 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


•■When  [came here,  in  L836.  1  found  1 
had  been  preceded  ten  years  by  adventur- 
ers to  this  part  of  the  Wabasb  valley: 
yet.  it  was  a  goodly  place  to  begin  lite  in. 
Half  the  States  and  many  European  conn 
tries  had  their  representative  in  its  motley 
population.  A  long  swath  had  been  cut 
as  with  a  scythe  through  the  wilderness, 
that  stretched  from  the  State  line  south 
west,  for  a  canal  that  was  to  connect  Lake 
Erie  witli  the  Wabash  at  a  navigable 
point  of  the  river,  and  for  a  hundred  miles 
the  narrow  belt  was  covered  with  shan- 
ties, and  hundreds  of  men  were  busy  in 
clearing  off  the  ground,  scooping  out  the 
great  artificial  channel,  throwing  up  em- 
bankments and  building  locks.  But  in 
the  main,  the  country  was  a  vast  wilder- 
ness, covered  witli  a  heavy  growth  of 
timber.  Could  an  outlook  have  been  had 
from  a  balloon  a  thousand  feet  up.  a 
brown  forest  would  have  met  the  eye. 
extending  hundreds  of  miles  on  evt'vy 
side,  with  occasional  dots  here  and  there 
where  clearings  were  begun,  save  in  the 
west,  where,  at  a  distance  of  thirty  miles. 
the  eye  would  have  rested  upon  an  arm  of 
the  Grand  Prairie,  stretching  far  away 
into  Illinois,  like  an  open  sea.  having  an 
irregular  forest  boundary  on  the  east,  with 
many  an  indentation  of  prairie  and  head- 
land of  timber.  This  vast  forest  growth 
was  veined  by  many  a  creek  and  river, 
shining  like  molten  silver  in  the  somber 
surroundings,  seeking  the  sea  through  the 
trough  of  the  Wabash.  It  was  a  grand 
country,  that  upon  which  the  early  settlers 
looked — a  country  of  great  expectations, 
full  of  the  element  of  wealth,  of  the  com- 
bined soil,  timber,  quarry,  and  water- 
power  almost  unlimited." 

Almost  any  -'old  settler"  will  recog- 
nize the  truth  of  the  following  remarks 
about  the  roads  of  Indiana  fifty  years  ago: 

"Indiana,  in  the  past,  was  regarded 
as  the  headquarters  of  profanity,  which, 
for  variety  and  strength  of  expression, 
had  then  been  equalled  nowhere,   except 


perhaps  in  the  Southwest.  For  this  wide- 
spread evil  and  wickedness.  I  think  the 
roads  of  this  State,  more  than  any  other 
single  cause,  were  responsible.  1  have 
seen  men  stand  mute  with  rage,  violently 
gesticulating  because  they  could  not  on  the 
spur  of  the  moment,  find  -cuss  words"  suf- 
ficiently strong  to  express  their  feelings." 

In  the  fall  of  L83f>,  Mr.  Pratt  opened  a 
law  office  at  Logansport.  As  a  lawyer. 
his  ability  won  success  from  the  start. 
In  a  few  years  after  his  arrival  at  Logans- 
pnrt.  tlie  whole  of  Northern  Indiana  rang 
with  the  fame  of  the  eloquent  young  ad- 
vocate, and  what  was  more,  that  fame 
was  founded  upon  a  solid  basis  of  integ- 
rity and  ability.  Mr.  Pratt  never  re- 
sorted to  any  cheap  devices  of  superficial 
men  to  secure  notoriety:  there  was  no 
sham  about  his  rise  or  standing  He 
made  himself  a  necessity  to  every  man 
who  had  a  complicated  law  suit,  or  was 
unjustly  accused.  When,  in  L869,  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  he 
was  considered  the  ablest  lawyer  in  North- 
ern Indiana.  Others  might  have  excelled 
him  in  some  particulars,  as.  for  example, 
the  analysis  of  the  law  issues,  or  the  logic 
of  a  case,  quickness  of  perception,  or  mas- 
tery of  the  great  art  of  cross-examination 
of  witnesses,  but  when  the  argument  to 
the  jury  came,  there  he  was  easily  the 
leader.  Although  a  man  of  somewhat 
slow  mental  processes,  yet  his  reach  of 
facts  and  grasp  of  principles,  when  he 
came  to  a  conclusion,  was  wonderful.  He 
was  of  indefatigable  industry.  His  motto 
was  "Look  at  this  case  from  the  other 
side!  "  When  employed  in  time,  he  was 
never  surprised  or  defeated.  He  would 
explore  every  phase  of  both  law  and  fact, 
involving  the  rights  and  duties  of  his 
clients.  He  was  a  born  orator  of  com 
manding  presence,  and  unlimited  endur 
ance,  and  with  the  most  eloquent  of 
words  he  would  sway  a  jury  almost  at 
will.  It  was  wholly  impossible  to  resist 
the    magnetism    of    his    eloquence.      For 


286 


IF   Till'.    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


twenty-five  years  he  was  withoul  a  rival 
in  Northern  Indiana  before  a  jury,  tie 
was  the  safest  of  counselors-  -always 
sound  and  conscientious  in  practice.     He 

always  advised  the  best  that  could  be  done 
with  a  bad  case,  and  when  he  had  the 
right  side  he  was  absolutely  irresistible. 
His  sense  of  justice  was  so  great  that 
when  his  client  was  in  the  wrong,  the  ad- 
verse side  was  sure  of  a  fair  settlement. 
He  was  rigidly  honest ;  so  much  so.  that 
for  years  all  over  the  Wabash  Valley, 
when  an  attorney  made  an  overcharge. 
the  client's  plea  would  be.  "Why,  that  is 
more  than  Dan  Pratt  would  charge.'"  He 
was  often  heard  to  say:  -'The  smith  who 
shoes  my  horse  spenl  as  much  time  ac- 
quiring his  trade  as  1  did  acquiring  my 
profession.  He  will  work  ten  hours  tor  a 
dollar.  Why  should  I  charge  over  ten  or 
twenty  times  as  much  for  a  day's  work?" 
The  result  of  all  this  was  that  he  had  an 
overwhelming  practice,  and  was  in  uni- 
versal demand.  When  a  law  suit  was  im- 
pending, it  was  a  race  between  litigants 
asto  which  should  first  reach  Pratt's  office. 

Mr.  Pratt  had  that  subtle  something, 
which  is  the  life-long  envy  and  despair  of 
those  to  whom  it  is  denied,  and  which,  for 
want  of  a  better  word,  we  will  call  pres- 
ence. Of  massive  proportions — six  feet 
four  inches  in  height,  and  often  weighing 
over  three  hundred  pounds,  his  splendid 
forehead,  in  later  life  Hanked  with  iron 
gray  hair,  with  eyes  in  which  the  humor 
danced  like  sunshine  upon  a,  spring  of 
clear  water  under  a  shady  oak.  but  which, 
when  aroused,  would  darken  with  anger 
or  light  up  with  sympathy  or  hope — he 
was  a  man  to  command  and  lead  men. 
One  could  no  more  meet  him  than  he 
could  meet  General  Jackson  without  a 
sense  of  leadership  and  power. 

( )f  course,  such  merits  as  he  possessed 
could  not  escape  public  notice.  In  1847, 
then  a  young  man  of  33,  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  Congress  in  Schuyler  Colfax's 
old   district,  but   was  defeated   by  Charles 


Cathcart.  In  1818  he  was  one  of  the 
Presidential  Electors.  In  1851-53  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  legislature,  and  in 
both  terms  became  the  leader  of  his  party 
in  the  House,  the  most  difficult  of  all 
places  to  till.  In  L860  he  was  secretary 
of  the  convention  in  Chicago  that  nomi- 
nated President  Lincoln,  and  attracted 
great  attention  by  his  magnificent  voice 
and  presence. 

In  1866,  while  busy  in  his  office  with  a 
law  suit,  he  received  the  unanimous  vote 
of  his  party,  then  in  the  minority,  for 
United  States  Senator.  The  next  day  he 
tried    his   case    before   the   justice   of    the 

peace. 

In  1868  he  was  nominated  for  Con- 
gress in  his  district  and  elected  by  a  large 
majority.  That  practically  closed  his 
professional  life.  He  turned  the  key  in 
his  office  and  made  a  characteristically 
thorough  canvass  of  his  district.  The 
legislature,  in  January.  1869,  without  any 
solicitation  on  his  part,  promoted  him  to 
the  United  States  Senate.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  he  was  aware  of  his  nomination. 
It  is  certainly  true  that  he  did  not  come 
near  Indianapolis  until  several  days  after 
his  party  had  unanimously  elected  him  to 
succeed  ex-Covernor  Hendricks  and  to  be- 
come a  colleague  of  Oliver  P.   Morton. 

It  was  extremely  fortunate  for  Mr. 
Pratt  that  he  entered  the  Senate  so  unex- 
pectedly and  so  late  in  life.  He  was  fifty- 
six  years  old,  and,  except  two  terms  in  the 
State  legislature,  sixteen  years  before,  he 
had  no  public  training  He  never  took 
kindly  to  public  life.  His  modesty  was 
such  that  the  artificial  restraints  at  Wash 
ington  hampered  his  splendid  oratorical 
talents.  Had  he  succeeded  in  1*47.  in  his 
race  for  Congress  with  Cathcart.  he  would 
have  made  one  of  our  most  solid  states- 
men. His  massive  mind  would  have  ac- 
complished what  it  accomplished  in  the 
forum.  He  was.  however,  one  of  the 
ablest  men.  although  the  most  modest  of 
that   body.      He  made  comparatively  few 


Oh'    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA 


287 


speeches,  always  speaking'  with  diffidence, 
but  those  he  did  make  were  sound  and 
comprehensive. 

Among  his  papers  is  found  the  follow- 
ing letter  from  Frederick  Douglass,  a  dis- 
tinguished representative  of  the  colored 
race  in  America,  expressing'  the  gratitude 
of  both  the  writer  and  his  race  for  the 
speeeli  of  Mr.  Pratt,  in  favor  of  the  Civil 
Rights  Bill,  delivered  in  1874.  Its  refer- 
ence to  the  work  of  the  Republican  party, 
as  well  as  to  Mr  Pratt,  makes  it  appro- 
priate, and  we  print  this  letter  in  full: 

Washington,  1>.  C,  May  23,  ls74. 
Senator  Pratt: 

It  was  not  my  good  fortune  to  hear 
your  speech  in  favor  of  the  Civil  Rights 
Bill,  hut  1  learned  from  one  who  did  hear 
it.  that  it  was  a  noble  effort,  and  judging 
from  the  reference  to  it  in  yesterday's  de 
bate,  it  was  a  nail  in  a  sure  place. 

I  write,  however,  only  to  thank  you  in 
behalf  of  the  colored  people  of  the  country 
for  your  part  in  the  passing  of  the  bili. 
No  larger  measure  of  justice  has  ever 
passed  the  Senate.  It  is  a  blow  at  the  Last 
vestige  of  the  barbarism  left  to  us  by 
slavery,  and  a  vast  advance  toward  a 
higher  civilization.  If  the  Republican 
party  should  disband  to-morrow,  its  name 
would  be  immortal  No  political  organ- 
ization, in  a  career  so  brief,  ever  accom- 
plished more  beneficent  and  enduring  re- 
sults for  the  country. 

Yours  truly  and  with  great  respect. 

Frederick  Douglass. 

Possessed  of  a  singularly  graceful  and 
strong  pen  and  excellent  judgment.  Mr. 
Pratt  was  the  chosen  authority  of  the 
Senate  in  the  extremely  important  matter 
of  claims.  For  six  years,  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  both  <  da  in  is  and  pension  committees, 
the  last  four  years  chairman  of  that  on 
pensions.  Millions  of  dollars  were  allowed 
and  appropriated  in  the  Senate  on  his 
simple  recommendation.  His  word  here 
was  a  finality  to  his  brother  Senators. 
Several  large  volumes  of  reports  were  the 
product  of  his  industry.  Had  he  been  in 
the  least  dishonest,  he  might  have  made 
himself  and    his   friends  millionaires.      So 


conscientious  was  he  that  on  one  occasion 
Senator  Sumner  remarked  to  Wendell 
Phillips  that  Pratt  was  the  most  abso- 
lutely honest  man  he  ever  knew. 

The  writer  recalls  an  illustration  of  his 
conscientious  honesty,  lion.  D.  H.Chase, 
the  Judge  of  the  ('ass  County  Circuit 
Court,  asked  him  to  try  a  case  upon  change 
of  venue.  He  did  so.  and  the  Judge  drew 
an  order  for  ten  dollars,  and  the  County 
Treasurer  paid  it.  About  a  year  after- 
ward Pratt  returned  the  money  with  the 
remark  that  he  had  taken  it  thoughtlessly, 
but  was  satisfied  that  his  salary  of  $5,000 
as  United  States  Senator  precluded  him 
from  taking  pay  for  any  public  service 
whatever.  So  conscientious  was  he  that  he 
was  never  known,  during  his  official  term 
at    Washington   to  accept  a  railroad  pass. 

At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office 
in  1S75,  while  at  Logansport  he  was  so- 
licited, without  previous  knowledge  or  re- 
quest, by  President  Grant,  to  take  charge 
of  the  Internal  Revenue  Department.  At 
that  time,  the  war  against  the  whiskey 
ring  was  begining  and  Pratt  was  selected, 
as  the  man  of  all  others,  to  till  the  place. 
for  eighteen  months  he  was  Secretary 
Bristow's  right  hand  man. 

Too  intense  application  to  the  duties  of 
this  office  brought  on  the  disease  of  the 
heart,  of  which  he  died.  During  the 
whiskey  war  of  1S76  lie  never  left  his  post, 
but  toiled  at  Washington  all  through  the 
intense  heat  of  July  and  August.  In 
L876  he  was  solicited  to  announce  him- 
self as  the  Republican  candidate  for  Gov- 
ernor of  Indiana.  He  had  only  to  say  so. 
and  the  nomination  was  assured,  but  he 
declined  in  a  well  known  letter.  His  rea- 
son was  the  disease  ot  which  he  died 
t  welve  months  afterward 

He  was  twice  married:  in  1839,  to 
Miss  Sophia  .1.  .lames,  of  Rising  Sun.  In- 
diana, by  whom  he  had  four  children,  only 
one  of  whom,  a  married  daughter,  sur 
vives;  and  in  May.  L865,  he  was  mar- 
ried   to    Mrs.  .lane  D.   Warren.      In  all  h:'s 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REHIBI.K  AN    PARTY 


family  relations,  and  both  marriages,  he 
was  supremely  happy.  His  delight  was  to 
he  at  home  with  his  wife  and  daughter. 

Literary  honors  came  to  him.  In  1872 
Hamilton  College  conferred  upon  him  her 
honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  was  often 
solicited  to  address  literary  societies,  but 
uniformly  declined.  Nothing  could  have 
been  more  unfortunate,  for  he  was  such  a 
master  of  the  English  language  that  any- 
thing from  his  pen  always  attracted  at- 
tention. 

From  one  of  the  newspapers  of  the  day 
we  extract  the  following  account  of  Mr. 
Pratt's  death,  which,  although  it  has 
often  been  told,  will  bear  repeating. 

He  had  just  finished  dictating  to  his 
daughter  a  sketch  of  his  early  manhood, 
of  which  the  following  is  a  copy: 

'"Every  one  starting  out  in  life  is 
anxious  to  possess  himself  of  the  secret  of 
success.  1  propose  to  treat  of  one  such 
secret  in  this  paper,  and  to  record  my  ex- 
perience in  proof. 

"In  my  last.  I  spoke  of  my  arrange- 
ment with  Mr.  Fletcher,  who  was  largely 
a  collecting  lawyer.  He  acquired  his  ex- 
tensive business  by  promptly  collecting 
and  paying  over  money  belonging  to 
others.  That  was  the  secret  of  his  success 
in  that  line.  The  old  State  Bank  was  char- 
tered in  1834,  and  until  its  arrangements 
for  remitting  money  had  been  completed. 
Mr.  Fletcher's  practice  was  to  send  his 
collections  by  private  hand  as  the  oppor- 
tunity offered.  It  was  late  in  the  fall  of 
L835  that,  having  collected  for  different 
mercantile  firms  in  Cincinnati  about 
si'o.ooo.  he  sent  me  on  horseback,  by  the 
Lawrenceburg  road,  to  deliver  to  the  sev- 
eral parties  interested  the  moneys  so  col- 
lected. As  I  was  passing  the  Branch 
Bank,  then  recently  established,  on  the 
morning  of  my  departure,  the  cashier 
hailed  me  and  brought  out  some  bundles 
of  bank  bills  folded  up.  and  stored  them 
away  in  my  saddlebags,  and  handed  me 
letters  to  the  banks  to  which  the  packages 


were  to  be  delivered.  He  stunned  me  by 
saying  that  they  amounted  to  $20,000.  I 
suppose  my  friend,  Thomas  H.  Sharp,  has 
forgotten  the  circumstance,  hut  he  was 
the  officer  of  the  hank  who  delivered  the 
treasure.  The  matter  had  probably  been 
arranged  between  him  and  Mr.  Fletcher. 
hut  it  was  a  great  surprise  tome  to  he  in- 
trusted with  the  charge  of  such  a  sum  of 
money.  Surprise  soon  yielded  to  a  differ- 
ent sentiment,  when  1  came  to  think  of 
the  responsibility  I  had  incurred. 

••The  road  1  traveled  was  the  main 
road  leading  through  Shelhyville.  (ireens- 
burg  and  Lawrenceburg.  Every  tributary 
road  on  the  route  furnished  its  contribu- 
tion of  hogs,  so  that  I  was  rarely  out  of 
sight  of  detached  parties  of  well-fatted 
porkers,  all  traveling  with  a  happy  un- 
consciousness to  the  common  doom.  It 
might  be  imagined  what  an  appearance 
they  and  their  drivers  presented;  it  was 
that  of  a  fresh  bath  in  fluid  mud. 

••Nearly  every  house  on  the  road  was 
a  house  of  entertainment  in  those  days 
when  the  gainful  spirit  had  no  other  form 
of  manifestation,  but  there  were  certain 
ones  of  established  reputation  and  most 
frequented.  My  first  day's  ride  carried 
me  to  one  of  these — 'Hawkins  Tavern'— 
twenty  nine  miles  out  of  Indianapolis, 
and  six  miles  this  side  of  Shelhyville. 
The  house  was  filled  and  running  <  »ver  with 
hog  drovers.  I  slept  in  a  room  contain- 
ing four  beds.  My  great  concern  was 
with  my  saddle-bags,  containing  $20,000 
of  paper  treasure.  To  take  special  care  of 
them  was  to  invite  attention.  Of  course, 
there  was  no  safe  or  other  place  of  deposit. 
The  only  way  was  to  throw  them  down 
in  a  common  pile  of  baggage,  and  do 
nothing  to  excite  suspicion  that  they  held 
anything  beyond  what  was  common  for 
travelers  to  carry  in  the  way  of  personal 
baggage. 

"For  four  days,  for  four  watchful 
nights.  I  was  on  that  miserable  road,  tor- 
mented   with  the  possession   of    so    much 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


wealth.  I  never  spent  a  more  unhappy 
period.  I  once  stood  in  a  small  room  in 
the  Treasury  department  set  apart  for  the 
deposit  of  United  States  bonds  by  the 
National  hanks  as  security  to  their  bill 
holders,  and  for  the  Government  deposits 
with  them.  There  were  within  my  reach 
bonds  calling  for  §400, 000, 000.  I  thought 
that  a  heavy  responsibility  rested  on  the 
consciences  of  the  men  charged  with  their 
safe  custody;  but  it  was  nothing  in  com- 
parison with  the  sense  of  responsibility  I 
felt,  for  the  Government  had  provided 
these  men  with  every  conceivable  means 
to  make  their  trust  light. 

••There  was  a  moment,  a  supreme  and 
critical  one.  when  the  voice  of  the  tempter 
penetrated  the  ear.  It  was  the  same  old 
tempter  that  sung  in  the  ear  of  Eve.  It 
was  when  I  reached  the  crown  of  those  im- 
perial hills  that  overlook  the  Ohio  river, 
when  approaching  Lawrenceburg  f rom  the 
interior.  Thisnoble  stream  was  the  great 
artery  of  commerce  at  that  day.  before  a 
railroad  west  of  Massachusetts  had  been 
built.  What  a  gay  spectacle  it  presented. 
flashing  in  the  bright  sunlight,  covered 
with  flatboats,  with  rafts,  witli  gayly 
painted  steamers,  ascending  and  descend- 
ing and  transporting  their  passengers  in 
brief  time  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  gate- 
way to  all  parts  of  the  world.  I  had  hut 
to  sell  my  horse,  go  aboard  one  of  these 
with  my  treasure,  ami  I  was  absolutely 
beyond  the  reach  of  pursuit.  There  was 
no  telegraph  then  flashing  intelligence  by 
an  agency  more  subtle  than  steam  and  far 
outrunning  it.  No  extradition  treaties 
requiring  foreign  government  to  return 
the  felon.  The  world  was  before  me.  and 
at  tlie  age  of  twenty-one.  with  feeble  ties 
connecting  me  with  those  I  left  behind,  1 
was  in  possession  of  a  fortune,  a  great 
fortune  for  those  early  days.  I  record  the 
fact  that  this  thought  was  a  tenant  of  my 
mind  for  a  moment,  and  fora  moment  only. 
Bless  God,  it  found  no  hospitable  lodg- 
ment any  longer.      And.  what  think  you. 


gentle  reader,  were  the  associate  thoughts 
that  came  to  my  rescue?  Away  over 
rivers  and  mountains,  in  a  humble  farm- 
house on  a  bench,  an  aged  mother  reading 
to  her  boy  from  the  oracles  of  God"- 

As  he  came  to  the  last  words,  "the 
oracles  of  God."  his  voice  choked  and  his 
emotions  overcame  him.  "We  will  finish 
this  another  time.  Julia  ;  read  over  what 
you  have  written."  He  put  his  head  back 
on  his  chair,  and  in  a  moment  afterward 
expired  without  a  struggle  or  a  groan. 
He  was  the  victim  of  heart  disease.  The 
action  of  that  organ,  excited,  no  doubt,  by 
the  emotion  caused  by  these  words  and 
the  recollections  of  that  childhood  scene, 
ceased,  and  instantaneous  and  painless 
death  followed. 

Any  sketch  of  a  public  man  that  is  not 
truthful  in  alluding  to  his  faults,  as  well 
as  his  virtues,  is  unreliable.  As  the  law- 
yers say:  "Falsus  in  nun,  falsus  in  omni- 
bus." Air.  Pratt's  mistake  in  life  was  the 
exclusive  and  exhaustive  manner  in  which 
he  gave  himself  to  his  profession.  From 
the  time  he  became  of  age  until  just  before 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  in  1869,  he  read  nothing  to  speak 
of  except  his  law  hooks.  After  ten  or 
twelve  hours  of  daily  toil  at  his  office  his 
mind  would  be  so  exhausted  that  he  had 
only  vitality  enough  left  to  read  for 
amusement 

In  his  religious  belief,  Mi'.  Pratt  was  a 
Unitarian.  He  believed  in  (hid  and  in  a 
religion  of  deeds,  instead  of  creeds.  He 
had  the  rare  faculty  of  speaking  well  of 
everybody,  and  of  never  intruding  him- 
self and  his  personal  affairs  upon  the  atten- 
tion of  his  friends.  In  all  of  his  life,  he 
never  solicited  any  honor,  office  or  prefer- 
ment of  any  kind.  He  held  in  the  utmost 
abomination  the  doctrine  of  eternal  pun- 
ishment. His  creed  was  to  do  right.  He 
directed  that  his  tombstone  should  have 
no  other  words  upon  it  than  his  name, 
age.  and  date  of  death,  and  the  words, 
••He  Tried  to  Do  His  Duty." 


290 


HISTORY    (>K   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


A.  F.  K NOTTS. 

Iii  writing  the  biographies  of  the  "suc- 
cesses" in  the  different  vocations,  we  write 
for  future  as  well  as  present  readers,  and 
they  will  ask.  "Why  Successful  and 
How?"  In  answering  this  question  it  is 
but  necessary  to  tell  something  of  the  ca- 
reer of  A.  F.  Knotts. 

He  was  born  in  Highland  county, 
Ohio,  February  29,  I860,  a  son  of  Frank 
D.  and  Margaret  (Bell)  Knotts,  the  former 
of  whom  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and 
the  latter  in  Ohio.  The  paternal  grand- 
father was  of  German  descent  and  was  a 
soldier  in  the  War  of  L812,  while  the 
mothers  people  were  from  the  Isle  of  Erin. 

A.  F.  Knotts  was  left  motherless  when 
quite  young,  but  continued  to  make  his 
home  with  his  father  at  Medaryville,  Pu- 
laski county.  Indiana,  where  his  father 
still  lives.  Mr.  Knotts  has  two  brothers, 
Thomas  E.,  of  Hammond,  and  Emory  D., 
of  Francesville.  Indiana,  and  two  sister-. 
Mattie,  wife  of  K.  S.  Gleason,  of  South 
Dakota,  and  Laura,  wife  of  R.  C.  Goff, 
of  Frankfort,  Indiana;  also  a  half  sister. 
Nellie,  and  a  half  brother,  William,  who 
are  still  at  home  with  their  parents  at 
Medaryville. 

A.  F.  Knotts  was  the  oldest  of  the 
family  of  children  and  until  sixteen  years 
of  age  labored  continuously,  summer  and 
winter,  with  his  father  on  the  farm  and 
at  various  other  manual  labor.  Previous 
to  his  seventeenth  year  he  had  never  at- 
tended hut  a  few  days  at  school,  and  did 
not  even  know  the  multiplication  table, 
hut  this  state  of  affairs  was  by  no  means 
pleasing  to  a  youth  of  his  ambitious  and 
enterprising  disposition,  and  he  finally 
entered  the  primary  grade  of  the  Medary- 
ville schools.  He  was  a  big,  awkward. 
bashful  country  hoy.  and  felt  the  humilia- 
tion very  keenly  of  being  placed  in  classes 
with  hoys  not  half  his  age,  and  was  often 
made  fun  of  by  those  of  his  own  age. 
He  worked  hard,  however,  and  advanced 
ranidly  during  the  three  months  of  that 


school  term.  During  the  following  sum- 
mer he  studied  at  home,  and  when  he 
became  ••stalled."  as  he  called  it.  in  arith- 
metic, he  would  send  the  number  of  the 
problem  to  his  former  teacher.  Frank- 
Nichols,  or  to  George  Faris.  nowCongress- 
man  from  the  Terre  Haute  district,  hut 
who  was  then  teaching  at  Medaryville, 
who  would  work  the  problems  and  send 
them  to  him  in  the  country.  Mr.  Knotts 
not  being  allowed  by  his  father  to  visit  the 
town.  And  it  is  said  that  from  Mr.  Faris 
and  his  encouraging  words  Mr.  Knotts 
received  much  of  his  early  ambitions. 

Thus  he  kept  working  during'  the  vaca- 
tion, many  times  taking  his  hooks  to  the 
field  where  he  was  at  work.  The  next 
winter  he  received  the  advantages  of  five 
months'  schooling,  and  the  following  rive 
months  more,  making  thirteen  months  in 
all.  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  succeeded 
in  securing  a  license  to  teach  a  country 
summer  school,  where  he  taught,  clad  in 
jeans  pants,  a  hickory  shirt,  and  a  common 
sti-aw  hat  only,  no  coat,  vest  or  shoes,  hut 
he  taught  so  well  that  he  remained  in  the 
same  position  at  the  coming  winter  term 
ami  could  have  staved  there  indefinitely 
so  far  as  the  patrons  were  concerned,  but 
he  never  remained  long  on  the  same  round 
of  the  ladder,  for  the  next  winter  he  was 
almost  unanimously  elected  at  a  town 
meeting  as  principal  of  the  Medaryville 
schools  where  he  had  hut  four  short  years 
before  entered  the  primary  grade  as  a 
pupil;  and  now.  pupils  that  were  far  above 
him  in  grade  when  he  entered  school  be- 
came his  pupils,  and  it  is  said  that  the 
people  of  that  community  never  tire  of 
relating  as  a  matter  of  historical  gossip 
to  themselves  and  as  an  example  to  their 
children  the  hardships  and  adverse  cir- 
cumstances under  which  A.  F.  Knotts 
secured   his  early  education. 

At  this  time  he  and  his  assistant  hoard 
ed  in  a  family  where  the  head  of  the  same 
was    said   to   have  indulged    too  freely  in 
drink,  and   frequently  quarreled  with   his 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INIH  W  V 


g 1  wife.      The  wife  related  her  sorrows 

to  the  young  sympathetic  teachers  and 
they  at  once  undertook  to  assist  her. 
There  had  recently  been  a  case  in  the  com- 
munity, where  friendly  (?)  neighbors,  later 
called  whitecaps,  had  administered  sum- 
mary justice  with  good  results,  and  so 
young  Knotts  and  his  assistant  resolved 
to  follow  their  example;  so  masked,  and 
under  cover  of  darkness  of  a  dark  night, 
they  awaited  the  late  return  home  of  their 
erring  landlord.  He  was  seized,  taken  to 
a  creek  at  the  edge  of  the  town,  and  there 
several   times  immersed   in    the  icy  water 

and  given  a  g 1  thrashing  with  a  larger 

branch  of  a  tree  than  the  father  in  his 
severity  had  ever  used  upon  A.  P.  After 
making  the  man  promise  not  to  again 
abuse  his  family,  he  was  permitted  to  go. 
He  knew  the  parties,  however,  and  it  was 
soon  the  talk  of  the  town.  Mr.  Knotts 
resigned  his  position  and  started  away  for 
college. 

This  incident  in  Mr  Knotts'  history  is 
told  because  I,  as  well  as  himself,  considers 
it  as  having  a  greater  bearing  upon  his 
life  than  any  other.  He  was  then  in 
charge  of  the  second  best  school  in  the 
county,  was  considered  by  all  of  his  ac- 
quaintances as  well  educated,  and.  worse 
of  all,  he  thought  so  himself.  lie  admits 
that  he  then  thought  there  was  hut  little 
more  for  him  to  learn,  and  that  had  it  not 
been  for  that,  then  unfortunate  incident, 
he  might  never  have  put  in  the  succeeding 
six  years  in  severe  and  persistent  work  in 
college,  as  he  afterwards  did  ;  and  further, 
it  illustrates  his  sympathetic  and  impul- 
sive nature  that  still  actuates  his  lite. 

It  was  on  the  9th  of  December,  Is?:*, 
that  he  left  his  school  at  Medaryville  and 
entered  the  college  at  Valparaiso,  and 
without  a  cent  to  start  with,  worked  his 
way  through  that  school,  graduating  in 
the  business,  engineering,  scientific  and 
classic  departments.  In  the  latter  part  of 
1883  he  went  to  Ladoga.  Indiana,  and  look- 
charge  as  president  of  the  Central  Indiana 


Normal  School  and  Business  College,  over 
which  he  had  control  for  two  years,  and, 
many  of  the  students  who  attended  that 
institution  at  that  time  are  now  leading 
successful  business  and  professional  lives 
in  Indiana  and  adjoining  States,  and  all 
of  them,  so  far  as  the  writer  of  this  sketch 
has  been  able  to  learn,  as  well  as  the  writer 
himself,  attributes  no  small  share  of  their 
success  to  instruction  and  inspiration  by 
word,  deed  and  example  received  from 
Mr.  Knotts. 

He  resigned  his  position  in  that  school 
in  1885  and  entered  the  law  school  at  Val- 
paraiso, from  which  he  graduated  May  30, 
1  8S7.  He  was  president  of  his  class  during 
its  school  history  and  was  unanimously 
selected  by  the  class  of  L889,  the  alumni 
and  faculty,  to  deliver  the  annual  address 
of  that  year,  which  he  did  with  much 
credit  to  himself  and  to  the  school.  It  is 
said  that  men  of  National  reputation  had 
theretofore  been  selected  and  that  Mr. 
Knotts  was  the  first  graduate  of  that  school 
who  had  ever  received  such  honors. 

While  studying  law  at  Valparaiso  he 
was  elected  County  Surveyor  of  Porter 
county  i in  LSSti),  in  which  capacity  he 
served  for  eighteen  months  when  he  re- 
signed and  went  to  Hammond,  where  he 
has  since  practiced  his  profession  with 
more  than  ordinary  success. 

As  a  lawyer,  as  in  everything  else,  he 
is  a  thorough,  conscientious  and  tireless 
worker.  That  he  is  regarded  as  the  leader 
of  the  har  in  his  county  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  he  has  lor  several  years  last 
passed  been  unanimously  elected  president 
of  the  Lake  County  Bar  Association. 

The  recent  history  of  Mi'.  Knotts  is 
well  known  to  every  man.  woman  ami 
child  in  Lake  county  and  throughout  the 
entire  States  of  Indiana  and  Illinois:  he 
is  well  and  favorably  known  by  all  familiar 
with  the  progress  and  growth  of  the  city 
of  Hammond.  He  has  always  been  thor- 
oughly alive  to  till'  interests  of  the  entire 
people    of   his   county,  and   on    account    of 


292 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


his  wide  knowledge,  pleasing  and  persua- 
sive address  and  persistent  and  tireless 
work,  he  has  frequently  represented  his 
people  before  committees  in  Congress,  the 
legislature  and  before  the  courts,  and  in 
fact  everywhere,  and  always  when  the 
people  want  their  interests  watched  and 
advanced.  He  is  Loved  and  admired  by 
the  common  people  who  know  him,  and 
it  is  not  a  few,  on  account  of  his  under- 
standing, appreciating  and  sympathizing 
with  them  in  their  struggle  for  better  con- 
ditions. It  is  said  no  poor  man  ever 
appealed  to  him  in  vain.  Among  the 
laboring  men  he  is  looked  upon  as  their 
champion.  He  has  always  represented 
the  laboring  men  of  his  community,  both 
as  individuals  and  in  their  organizations. 
He  defended,  before  the  United  States 
courts,  all  those  arrested  on  account  of  the 
railroad  strike  in  L894  and  succeeded  so 
well  that  he  either  cleared  the  men  before 
the  jury  or  else  so  effectually  touched  the 
tender  heart  of  Judge  Baker  in  their  be- 
half that  he  suspended  sentence  during 
good  behavior. 

In  political  battles,  as  at  the  law,  he  is 
an  open  and  fearless  tighter,  and  while  he 
is  very  radical,  it  is  said  and  believed  that 
he  can  get  more  Democratic  votes  than 
any  other  man  in  his  county.  His  popu- 
larity and  strength  with  the  voters  is  a 
puzzle  as  well  as  a  source  of  annoyance  to 
what  is  known  as  political  bosses,  and 
their  unsuccessful  efforts  to  thwart  his 
purposes  and  control  his  actions  only  make 
him  more  popular  with  the  people.  He  is 
a  forcible  and  convincing  speaker  upon  the 
stump  and  at  the  bar. 

He  was  the  leader  of  the  Landis  forces 
in  the  memorable  Landis-Johnson  fight  in 
the  tenth  district,  and  it  was  his  eloquent 
appeal  that  turned  the  tide  at  that  long-to- 
be-remembered  convention.  lb'  was  a 
member  of  the  Indiana  legislature  in  L899 
and  served  with  credit  to  himself,  witli 
satisfaction  to  his  constituents,  and  with 
annoyance  to  would-be  leaders  and  bosses. 


He  was  married  in  1885  to  Miss  Mary 
Hennessy.  of  Holly.  Michigan,  and  has 
an  interesting  family  of  three  daughters, 
Anna  Frances,  Mary  Eugene  and  Marga- 
ret Ophelia. 

lb'  is  a  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow  and  an 
active  member  of  the  Hammond  Culture 
Club,  a  local  study  and  literary  society. 
He  is.  and  has  been  for  many  years,  a 
great  reader  and  is  well  versed  in  history, 
science  and    literature,  as  well  as  the  law. 

He  has  an  opinion  of  his  own  upon 
every  subject  to  which  he  has  given  any 
thought  and  is  never  afraid  to  express  it. 
He  has  a  tine  law  practice  and  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  those  who  know  him. 

His  life  has  not  been  illustrious,  with 
startling  incidents  or  striking  contrasts, 
but  it  has  shown  how  a  laudable  ambition 
may  be  gratified  when  accompanied  by 
pure  motives,  persevering  industry  and 
steadfastness  of  purpose.  His  career  points 
its  own  moral.  In  youth  he  was  inured 
to  hard  work,  and  his  labor  brought  him 
into  direct  contact  with  the  children  of  toil. 
His  life  has  been  one  of  toil  and  sympathy 
for  those  who  toil.  The  reward  is  as  it 
always  has  been  and  ever  must  be — 
success. 


ALBERT   \V.    WISH  A  h'D. 

Albert  W.  Wishard  was  born  April 
■_'2,  1854,  at  Greenwood,  Johnson  county. 
Indiana.  His  father.  William  H.  Wish- 
ard. has  been  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
at.  or  near  Indianapolis  for  about  sixty 
years.  His  grandfather.  John  Wishard. 
moved  to  Johnson  county.  Indiana,  from 
Kentucky  in  October,  1825.  His  mother 
has  been  a  resident  of  Indianapolis  and 
vicinity  since  L828;  her  maiden  name  was 
Harriet  Newland  Moreland.  Her  father, 
John  .Moreland.  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Indianapolis  for 
several  years  and  until  his  death  in  1832. 
Mi-.    Wishard's  ancestry   on    both  sides  of 


<>!••    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


293 


his  family  were  Scotch-Irish  people  com- 
ing to  the  United  States  from  the  north  of 
Ireland  during  the  last  century. 

Mr.  Wishard  attended  Wabash  Col- 
lege, graduating  there  in  1876.  He  after- 
wards read  law  with  the  firm  of  Test  ex 
Coburn  in  Indianapolis,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1878.  Success  came  early 
as  the  result  of  industry  and  intelligent 
handling  of  his  cases  and  he  has  had  an 
excellent  law  practice  in  Indianapolis. 
He  has.  at  different  times,  served  on  the 
Republican  city  committee  of  Indianapolis 
and  the  Marion  county  central  committee, 
having  been  vice-chairman  of  both  com- 
mittees, and  was  a  member  of  the  State 
executive  committee  in  1899. 

Mr.  Wishard  served  as  Probate  Com- 
missioner of  the  Marion  Circuit  Court  from 
August.  1880,  until  February.  1884.  In 
lss4  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for 
joint  Representative  to  the  legislature 
from  Marion.  Shelby  and  Bartholomew 
counties.  At  that  election  he  was  one  of 
the  only  three  candidates  that  received 
more  than  100  majority  in  Marion  county. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  circum- 
stances in  his  life  was  his  identity  with 
the  street  car  strike  in  Indianapolis  in 
L892.  He  represented  the  employes  in 
their  controversy  with  the  street  car  com- 
pany. This  strike  was  the  most  notable 
labor  trouble  that  Indianapolis  lias  ever 
experienced. 

In  ls'.»-_'  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  from  the  district  of  Marion 
and  Hendricks  counties.  At  this  election 
he  was  the  only  candidate  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  in  Marion  county  that  was 
elected.  The  electoral  ticket  and  the 
Republican  county  ticket  for  Governor 
were  both  defeated  in  the  counties  of 
this  district,  while  Mr.  Wishard  received 
190  majority.  While  in  the  Senate  he 
took  an  active  part  in  all  matters  of  legis- 
lation, and  in  l^'.i.">  was  chairman  of  the 
Republican    caucus    in    the    Senate.       He 


was  also  the  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  the  affairs  of  the  city  of  Indiana- 
polis and  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
legislative  apportionments.  If  was  in  the 
session  of  the  legislature  of  1895  that  the 
law  was  passed  placing  the  management 
of  State  charitable  and  benevolent  insti- 
tutions under  bi-partisan  rather  than 
partisan  management.  Mr.  Wishard  fa- 
vored the  bi-partisan  management  of  these 
institutions  and  he  was  given  charge  of 
the  fight  in  the  caucus  in  favor  of  the  bi- 
partisan management.  He  made  the 
motion,  and  the  only  argument  in  favor 
of  it  that  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  law 
by  which  all  of  the  charitable  and  benevo- 
lent institutions  of  the  State  are  now 
managed.  The  controversy  among  the 
Republican  members  of  both  branches  of 
the  legislature  in  regard  to  the  bi-partisan 
management  of  the  State  institutions  was 
animated  and  lasted  for  several  weeks. 
By  agreement  of  the  friends  of  bi-par- 
tisan management.  Mr.  Wishard  was  se- 
lected to  make  the  argument  in  favor  of 
that  method,  and  it  was  carried  by  a  good 
majority  in  a  legislative  caucus  attended 
by  one  hundred  and  ten  members.  This 
was  the  largest  caucus  in  point  of  mem- 
bership that  either  party  ever  had  in  the 
Indiana  legislature. 

On  March  22,  1S97,  Mr.  Wishard  was 
appointed  by  President  McKinlev.  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Indi- 
ana. He  is  now  serving  very  acceptably 
in  that  position. 

The  friendship  between  United  States 
Senator  Charles  W.  Fairbanks  and  Mr. 
Wishard  is  of  long  standing,  and  at  the 
time  Senator  Fairbanks  was  a  candidate 
for  Senator.  Mr.  Wishard  had  charge  of 
his  campaign. 

He  has  two  brothers  and  two  sisters. 
Dr.  William  X.  Wishard,  a  well  known 
physician  of  Indianapolis,  and  George  W. 
Wishard.  of  the  firm  of  Thomas  C.  Day  & 
Co..    who  is  located   at   St.     Paul.     Minn. 


294 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    I"  A  It  IV 


^£ 


of  Isaac  Shepherd  Brown  and  Mary  Mar- 
garet Brown.  His  paternal  grandparents 
had  come  to  Johnson  county  from  Virginia 
in  1838,  and  his  maternal  grandparents 
were  Klentuckians  of  Dutch  ancestry,  and 
were  early  settlers  in  Johnson  county. 
The  father  was  a  fairly  well-to-do  farmer. 
with  a  rather  large  family  of  sons.  Rob- 
ert was  educated  at  the  common  schools, 
and  sent  to  Franklin  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  lss-t.  and  began  bravely  the 
struggle  of  life,  turning  his  hand  to  any- 
thing honorable  that  he  could  find  to  do. 
lie  taught  in  the  Franklin  High  School 
for  two  years,  and  spent  his  summers  as  a 
machine  expert  with  the  McCormick  Har- 
vester Company.  Then  he  was  a  news- 
paper reporter  with  the  Franklin  Repub- 
lican, later  with  the  Indianapolis  Jour- 
nal, and  later  with  the  Logansport 
Journal.  In  1889  he  bought  the  Frank- 
lin  Reptiblican,  which  he  edited  for  four 


His  sisters.  Harriet  •).  W'ishard  and  Eliza- 
beth M.  W'ishard.  are  well  known  young 
ladies  in  Indianapolis,  and  are  prominent 
in  religious  and  charitable  work. 

For  nearly  a  decade  now.  Hon.  Albert 
\Y.  W'ishard  has  been  a  power  in  Indiana 
politics.  As  the  Republican  leader  in  the 
Senate  of  L891,  he  began  the  organization 
of  the  party's  forces  that  finally  put  it  in 
such  handsome  trim  for  the  great  victory 
of  1891.  Full  of  resource  and  indefatig- 
able in  his  work,  he  is  recognized  in  both 
the  legal  profession  and  the  fields  of  poli- 
tics as  one  of  the  strong  ami  able  men  of 
the  State. 

ROBERT  A.  BROWN. 

None  of  the  younger  leaders  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  Indiana  has  quite  so 
wide  an  acquaintance  or  so  very  general 
a  persona]  popularity  as  Robert  Allen 
Brown,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Mr. 
Brown  was  born  November  27,  IS58,  on 
the  farm  near  Franklin.  Indiana,  the  son 


In  L890  he  was  married  to  Anna  Jane 
Smith,  and  they  have  one  daughter.  In 
that  same  year  he  was  elected  Township 
Trustee  of  Franklin  township,  and  served 
in  this  capacity  four  years.  In  L 894  he 
made  a  canvass  for  the  nomination  for 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  made  a 
magnificent  fight  among  the  held  of  seven 
or  eight  candidates,  staying  in  the  race 
until  the  last  and  ending  the  closest  second 
in  the  most  memorable  struggle  in  the  con- 
vention of  IV'4  The  next  year  he  sold 
his  paper  at  Franklin  and  served  for  two 
years  as  City  Engineer  of  Franklin.  In 
the  session  of  1895  he  was  chosen  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Republican 
caucus.  In  L896  he  was  offered  and  ac- 
cepted the  post  of  Deputy  Secretary  of 
State,  where  he  served  until  LS98.  lnl  Vis 
he  was  again  a  candidate  for  Clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court  and  was  nominated  on  the 
second  ballot,  among  a  field  of  strong  can- 
didates,  being  elected  with  the  ticket. 


OP    THE    STATE    OF    INDIAN  \ 


205 


It  is  but  natural  that  ;i  man  of  such 
engaging  social  qualities  should  be  a 
member  of  various  social  organizations, 
and  Mr.  Brown  is  a  member  of  the  Cen- 
tury, Columbia  and  Marion  Clubs,  of  the 
Masonic  Order,  and  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias.  In  this  latter  organization  be 
has  risen  to  great  prominence,  having  held 
a  number  of  positions  with  the  Grand 
Lodge,  and  being  at  present  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  Grand  Tribunal. 


CHARLES  F.   REMY. 

Charles  F.  Remy  is  astriking  illustra- 
tion of  the  fact  that  in  order  to  attain  bigh 
political  success,  a  young  man  need  not 
swerve  an  inch  from  the  strictest  influence 
of  right  and  propriety  in  political  matters. 
There  is  an  impression  that  a  politician 
with  such  ideals  does  not  accomplish 
much,  but  experience  has  time  and  again 
demonstrated  that  a  clean-cut  young  man, 
endowed  with  ability  and  common  sense, 
can  make  his  way  much  better  than  the 
man  who  goes  into  politics  on  the  theory 
that  it  is  a  profession  of  trickery  and  de- 
ception. Mr.  Remy  was  born  on  a  farm 
in  Bartholomew  county,  February  25,  1  sm  I, 
near  the  town  of  Hope.  His  father  and 
his  grandfather  before  him  were  farmers, 
in  Bartholomew  county,  as  was  also  his 
grandfather  on  his  mother's  side.  Thomas 
Essex,  who  was  for  many  years  a  leading 
Democrat  of  Bartholomew  county,  having 
represented  the  county  in  the  legislature 
three  times,  and  been  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Columbus  twice.  Mr.  Remy  was  educated 
at  Franklin  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
L884,  and  subsequently  took  the  law  lec- 
tures at  the  University  of  Michigan,  where 
he  was  graduated  in  LSS8.  During  the 
two  years  intervening  between  his  grad- 
uation at  Franklin  and  his  entrance  to  the 
University  of  Michigan,  he  taught  Greek 
and  mathematics  in  the  Southern  Normal 
College,  at  Lexington,  N.  C.  ( >n  January 
1.   LS89,  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with 


U^A 


;K 


"  /<^.« 


^A 


Judge  Marshall  Hacker,  at  Columbus,  and 
this  partnership  continued  until  June  I, 
1S97.  On  November  25,  1891,  he  was 
married  at  Columbus  to  Miss  Deborah 
Henderson,  and  they  have  one  child.  Wm. 
H.  Remy. 

From  his  first  establishment  in  law 
practice.  Mr.  Remy  began  to  take  an  active 
interest  in  political  affairs.  He  served 
upon  various  local  political  committees, 
and  made  excellent  speeches  throughout 
his  county  and  district  during  campaigns. 
In  LS94  he  accepted  the  nomination  for 
Representative  on  the  Republican  ticket, 
generally  supposed  to  be  a  forlorn  hope.  as 
were  all  of  the  Republican  nominations  in 
Bartholomew  county.  A  part  of  the  Re- 
publican county  ticket  pulled  through,  Mr. 
Remy  leading  them  by  245  votes. 

He  was  the  first  Republican  Representa- 
tive ever  elected  from  thecounty.  During 
the  session  of  sixty  days  he  succeeded  in 
making  a  splendid  reputation.  When  he 
spoke  it  was  always  to  the  point  and 
always  in  behalf  of  a    worthy  object.      It 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


was  line  very  largely  to  his  ability  and 
effort  that  the  educational  tax  law  was 
passed,  and  the  higher  educational  institu- 
tions of  this  State  placed  upon  a  permanent 
and  independent  hasis.  He  was  also  very 
active  in  putting  through  a  law  that 
placed  the  State  benevolent  institutions 
under  nonpartisan  control.  In  ISH6  he 
was  a  candidate  before  the  State  conven- 
tion for  the  office  of  Reporter  of  Supreme 
Court,  and  so  great  was  his  popularity 
that  when  he  entered  the  race  nearly  all 
the  other  aspirants  withdrew  their  claims 
and  he  was  nominated  practically  without 
opposition.  He  was  elected  with  the  rest 
of  the  ticket,  and  is  now  conducting  the 
office  to  the  utmost  satisfaction  of  the 
Court  and  the  attorneys  of  the  State. 


JOHN  MORRIS,  JR. 

( >ne  of  the  most  popular  young  Repub- 
licans of  the  twelfth  district  is  John 
Morris.  Jr..  of  Ft.  Wayne,  junior  mem- 
ber of  the  well  known  law  firm  of  Breen 
&  Morris.  He  is  recognized  by  the  liar 
of  the  State  as  a  brainy,  honest  and  care- 
ful lawyer,  whose  opinions  have  great 
weight  with  the  party  leaders  of  his  dis- 
trict, and  whose  aid  in  the  campaign  is 
valued.  Although  he  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  Republican  politics,  he  is  more  a 
lawyer  than  politician,  who  has  closely 
pursued  his  profession  and  has  made  him- 
self felt  in  it.  He  is  the  son  of  John 
Morris,  one  of  the  most  eminent  jurists 
Indiana  has  ever  known.  He  is  a  man  of 
strong  character,  very  keen  sense  of  honor, 
and  extremely  loyal  to  his  friends. 

Mi-.  Morris  was  horn  in  the  city  of  Ft. 
Wayne.  March  24,  I860,  being  the  fifth 
of  six  children.  His  remote  ancestors 
came  from  Wales  to  Virginia,  whence 
some  of  them  drifted  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  some  to  Ohio.  Among  the  latter 
were  his  immediate  ancestors  who  settled 
in  Columbiana  county.  They  were  all 
farmers.        His     grandfather,     Jonathan 


Morris,    besides   being   a    farmer,    had    a 

limited  practice  of  law.  and  was  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  many  years.  John  Mor- 
ris, Sr..  studied  law  in  Ohio  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  that  State  in  lsJ-.'. 
In  1>44  he  moved  to  DeKalb  county,  In- 
diana, where  he  practiced  law  and  acted 
as  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court,  to 
which  position  he  was  elected  in  L852. 
In  L856  he  removed  to  Ft.  Wayne,  and 
has  since  practiced  law.  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  two  years  he  acted  as  Supreme 
Court  Commissioner.  He  is  now  retired. 
While  in  the  practice  he  was  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Indiana. 
(  )n  account  of  poor  health  in  early 
years  Mr.  Morris  did  not  attend  the  public 
schools  hut  was  for  the  most  part  edu- 
cated at  home.  He  attended  the  high 
school  a  few  months,  however,  and  suc- 
cessfully passed  the  final  examinations  of 
the  senior  year.  He  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan  in  1879,  from  which  in- 
stitution he  graduated,  well  up  in  his  class, 
in  1883.  He  had  a  fondness  for  mathe- 
matics while  in  college,  and  is  still  a 
student  of  the  subject  in  leisure  hours. 

Immediately  after  graduating,  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  Coombs,  Morris  & 
Bell,  at  Ft.  Wayne,  and  there  studied  law 
until  1886.  In  Hs4  \u.  was  appointed  by 
Noble  C.  Butler  to  he  Deputy  Clerk  of  the 
United  States  Courts  in  that  city,  and  in 
this  capacity  he  served  until  1893.  Wm. 
H.  Coombs,  of  the  law  firm  under  which 
he  studied,  took  great  pains  in  fitting  Mr. 
Morris  for  the  practice  of  law.  His  legal 
ability  rendered  him  an  invaluable  aid  to 
the  young  student.  In  1886  Mr.  Morris 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  State 
Supreme  Court  and  the  United  States 
Courts,  and  immediately  after  admission 
formed  a  partnership  with  Charles  H. 
Wordell.  son  of  Judge  J.  1..  Wordell.  at 
one  time  a  partner  in  law  with  John  Mor- 
ris. Sr..  so  that  the  firm  name  was  the 
same  as  that  under  which  their  fathers 
had  practiced    for  many  years.   Worden  & 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


291 


Morris.  In  a  short  time  the  firm  had 
established  a  very  profitable  business. 
In  May.  1893,  William  P.  Breeu  offered 
1 11 1 11  a  partnership,  which  Mr.  Morris 
accepted,  and  he  has  since  been  asso- 
ciated with  Mr.  Breeu  in  the  practice 
of  law.  under  the  firm  name  of  Breeu  & 
Morris.  The  firm  has  an  extensive  and 
profitable  practice,  having  figured  prom- 
inently in  all  the  more  important  litiga- 
tion in  their  district.  Mr.  Morris  is  a 
lawyer  of  high  standing  and  is  highly  es- 
teemed by  the  prominent  members  of  the 
bench  and  bar  of   Indiana. 

Mr.  Morris  is  a  Kith  degree  Mason.  He 
has  always  been  a  Republican  and  has  al- 
ways taken  an  active  interest  in  Republi- 
can politics.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  all 
the  State  conventions  since  L890,  and  has 
always  devoted  as  much  time  to  party 
work  as  a  large  and  pressing  business 
would  permit.  Mr.  Morris  is  not  an  office 
seeker,  and  would  not  give  up  his  practice 
for  anv  office  within  his  reach. 


A.    A.    YOCNG. 

In  1896  the  leaders  of  the  party  in  In- 
dianapolis were  not  a  little  surprised  to  find 
A.  A.  Young's  name  mentioned  as  a  pos- 
sible candidate  for  chairman  of  the  Re- 
publican county  committee.  Mr.  Young 
had  been  a  member  of  the  City  Council 
and  had  been  one  among  a  large  field  of 
candidates  for  County  Clerk  in  ls'.»4.  but 

inn f   the   leaders  thougb.1  he  would  be 

able  to  accomplish  much  in  county  poli- 
tics. They  were  vastly  surprised  then  to 
find,  after  the  primaries  had  been  held,  that 
two-thirds  of  the  number  of  the  new- 
county  committee  were  for  Young.  From 
that  time  forward  Mr.  Young  has  taken 
and  held  a  very  prominent  place  among 
the  party  leaders  at  the  capital. 

Archibald  Alexander  Young  was  born 
on  a  farm  in  Johnson  county.  April  •">. 
lvcj.  His  grandfather,  Jesse  Young, 
came  from  Ohio   to   Indiana   in    LS23   and 


settled  in  Johnson  county.  He  was  of 
Scotch -English  Presbyterian  ancestry,  who 
had  settled  near  Baltimore  in  1680.  lie 
was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  the  State 
and  carved  for  himself  and  descendants  a 
home  in  the  wilderness.  His  son.  Jesse 
Young,  followed  the  occupation  of  a 
farmer.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Judge  Demaree,  a  family  of  French  de- 
scent. Their  son,  Archibald,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  and  attended 
Franklin  College  for  two  years.  He  then 
clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  Franklin 
until  1S72,  when  he  came  to  Indianapolis. 
Here  he  was  connected  with  the  People's 
Store  for  five  years  and  was  for  fifteen 
years  with  L.  S.  Ayres  &  Co..  finally 
working  up  to  a  position  of  large  respon- 
sibility. In  Is'.*:!  he  organized  the  firm  of 
Young  &  McMurray  and  is  still  the  senior 
partner  of  this  firm.  Mr.  Young  has  al- 
ways been  a  patriotic  Republican  and  was 
active  for  many  years  without  thought  or 
any  aspiration  for  office.  In  L891  he  was 
sent  by  the  Republicans  of  the  third  ward 
to  the  City  Council  and  served  there  four 
years,  making  for  himself  such  a  reputa- 
tion for  unapproachable  integrity  and 
sound  judgment  that  his  friends  insisted 
upon  putting  him  forward  as  a  candidate 
for  County  Clerk  in  L894.  While  he 
made  an  excellent  showing  in  this  contest 
he  was  defeated,  and  his  next  appearance 
before  the  public  was  as  a  candidate  for 
county  chairman  with  such  success  as 
has  been  above  noted.  Mr.  Young  went 
on  the  theory  that  the  best  business  meth- 
ods would  apply  to  politics  as  well  as  to 
merchandising  or  manufacturing,  and  it 
was  the  thorough  way  in  which  he  organ- 
ized his  forces  for  this  contest  that  brought 
him  success.  Never  was  a  more  impor- 
tant campaign  fought  in  Marion  county 
than  that  in  1896,  and  never  were  the 
forces  more  ably  handled.  Mr.  Young 
had  not  only  the  friendship  but  the  un- 
questioning confidence  of  every  element  of 
the  party,  and  displayed   executive  ability 


298 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


of  a  very  rare  order  in  conducting  the 
campaign.  In  lv-'7  he  was  appointed 
Surveyor  of  Customs  for  the  port  of  Indi- 
anapolis, a  position  which  he  still  holds 
and  administers  with  great  ability.  In 
1898  he  again  had  occasion  to  display  his 
genius  as  an  organizer  in  managing  the 
campaign  for  Congressman  Overstreet  for 
renomination  and  re-election.  He  has 
succeeded  no  less  in  business  than  in  poli- 
tics The  firm  of  Young  &  McMurray  is 
one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  the  city  and 
Mr.  Young  is  interested  in  various  other 
enterprises,  notably  the  Indiana  Insurance 
Company,  of  which  he  is  a  director.  He  is 
a  Scottish  Rite  Mason,  Knight  of  Pythias, 
amember  of  both  the  Columbia  and  Ma- 
rion Clubs,  and  is  prominent  in  the  work 
of  the  Tabernacle  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mr.  Young  was  married  in  Franklin.  Ind., 
in  is; 7.  to  Miss  Georgia  A.  Sloan,  and  of 
this  union  three  sons  survive.  Mrs.  Y<  mug 
met  an  untimely  death  in  1893.  Three 
years  later  Mr.  Young  was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  J.  Thomas,  of  Madison,  lnd. 


NOBLE  C.  BUTLER. 

Few  men  have  been  more  closely  iden- 
tified with  the  political,  social  and  judicial 
life  of  Indiana  than  has  Noble  C.  Butler, 
Clerk  of  the  Federal  ( !ourt  for  the  District 
of  Indiana.  A  man  of  broad  human  sym- 
pathies and  the  widest  culture  Mr.  Butler 
finds  a  warm  welcome  among  all  circles, 
and  his  active  influence  has  been  felt  in 
the  rapid  development  of  higher  civiliza- 
tion in  Indiana. 

Noble  Chase  Butler  was  horn  at  Salem,* 
Washington  county,  Indiana.  February 
21,  1S-H.  the  son  of  John  H.  and  Mary 
( lhase  Butler.  He  has  one  brother,  Charles 
H.  Butler.  Clerk  in  the  Treasury  Depart- 
menl  at  Washington.  His  ancestors  on 
his  father's  side  were  Quakers  in  Phila- 
delphia. West  Chesterand  Chester  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  many  of  the  family 
still  reside  and  arc  prominent.      William 


Butler,  St.,  is  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; Thomas  S.  Butler  is  a  member  of 
Congress:  William  Butler,  Jr.,  is  one  of 
the  Judges  of  Chester  county,  and  Samuel 
Butler  has  served  as  Treasurer  of  the 
State.  His  mother  was  a  native  of  Indi- 
ana. Her  ancestors  were  also  Quakers, 
living  in  and  near  Newport.   H.  I. 

Mr.  Butler  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Salem,  including  the  Washington 
County  Seminary  and  the  Salem  Acad- 
emy. In  i860  he  went  to  Hanover  Col- 
lege, where  he  remained  until  the  comple- 
tion of  his  junior  year,  hut  subsequently 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  H, 
Ninety-Third  Indiana  Infantry  Volun- 
teers, and  served  until  he  was  honorably 
discharged  in  the  fall  of  1865,  the  greater 
part  of  his  service  being  at  the  headquar- 
ters of  Gen.  h\  P.  Buckland,  Cen.  A.  L. 
Chetlain  and  (Jen.  George  H.  Thomas, 
where  he  was  detailed  for  special  duty. 
After  being  mustered  out  of  the  army  he 
became  a  student  in  the  law  office  of  his 
father  at  Salem.  He  shortly  afterwards 
removed  to  New  Albany  and  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  General  Walter  ((). 
Gresham,  and  he  continued  his  legal 
studies  at  New  Albany  and  in  the  Louisville 
haw  School.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  became  a  member  of  the  firm,  which 
was  thereupon  known  as  Butler,  Gresham 
&  Butler,  and  had  a  large  practice  in  the 
State  and  Federal  Courts.  In  1867,  on 
the  nomination  and  recommendation  of 
Chief  Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase,  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Judge  David  McDonald,  of  the 
LTnited  States  District  Court  for  the  Dis- 
trict  of  Indiana.  Register  in  Bankruptcy 
at  New  Albany,  and  held  that  position 
until  the  bankruptcy  law  was  repealed. 
As  Register  in  Bankruptcy  he  transacted 
more  business  than  any  similar  officer  in 
the  State  outside  ot  Indianapolis,  and 
many  of  his  decisions  are  reported  in  the 
National    Bankruptcy    Register,    Bissell's 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


299 


Reports,  Federal  Cases,  and  other  legal 
reports  and  publications.  He  was  also 
Master  in  Chancery  of  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court  at  New  Albany. 

He  was  married  May  27.  L868,  to  Miss 
Annie  Browning-,  of  Lexington,  Ky. , 
whose  family  is  an  old  and  influential  one 
in  that  State.  Some  of  its  members  mi- 
grated to  Illinois,  and  one  of  them,  Or- 
ville  H.  Browning,  was  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  in  the  cabinet  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln. Seven  children  were  horn  of  this 
marriage,  three  sons  and  four  daughters, 
the  eldest  of  whom,  John  A.  Butler,  is 
secretary  of  the  Indiana  Trust  Company, 
at  Indianapolis. 

After  the  retirement  of  Judge  Butler 
and  the  appointment  of  General  Gresham 
to  the  Federal  bench  he  continued  alone 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  New  Albany  until 
June,  L879,  when  he  was  appointed  by 
Judges  Drummond  and  Gresham  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  and  District  Courts  of  the 
United  States  for  the  District  of  Indiana, 
and  still  holds  that  position.  As  clerk  he 
has  had  charge  of  the  funds  of  the  court 
and  received  and  disbursed  large  sums  of 
money,  amounting  in  a  single  year  to 
three-quarters  of  a  million  dollars.  He 
has  also  been  Special  Master  in  Chancery 
at  Indianapolis  in  a  number  of  important 
cases 

In  August,  1891,  he  was  appointed  by 
agreement  of  parties  and  on  their  request, 
receiver  of  the  American  Wheel  Company 
and  the  Kentucky  Wheel  Stock  Company, 
with  seventeen  manufacturing  plants  and 
a  warehouse  and  salesroom,  located  in  the 
States  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Ohio, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee  and  Massachusetts, 
and  two  thousand  employes.  The  busi- 
ness of  manufacturing  at  these  plants  was 
continued  by  him  as  receiver  for  more 
than  a  year.  He  was  engaged  altogether 
a  year  and  eight  months  in  conducting 
the  business  and  distributing  the  funds  of 
the  two  receiverships,  and  within  that 
period  received  and  disbursed  two  millions 


of  dollars  in  money.  He  sold  the  property 
for  the  additional  sum  of  $1,130,000  in 
notes,  and  paid  three  dividends — the  cred- 
itors of  the  American  Wheel  Company 
being  paid  their  debts  in  full. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  and  has  1 n  one  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  and  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  State  Bar  Association  of 
Indiana.  He  is  also  a  member  and  has 
been  president  of  the  Indianapolis  Literary 
Club,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Contempo- 
rary Club  and  the  Columbia  Club  of  Indi- 
anapolis. 

<).   H.   MONTGOMERY. 
Oscar    Hilton   Montoomkkv,  one   of 
the  most  prominent  and  popular  attorneys 

of  Southern  Indiana,  is  still  a  young  man, 
and  judging  by  the  political  honors  he  has 
declined  in  the  past  there  is  much  in  store 
in  his  future  in  the  way  of  party  leader- 
ship. Mr.  Montgomery  was  horn  on.  a 
farm  near  Seymour.  Indiana.  April  27, 
1859,  the  son  of  Theophilus  Wylie  Mont- 
gomery and  Susan  Harriet  Montgomery. 
His  paternal  grandparents  were  from 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  those  on  his 
mother's  side  were  from  .New  York.  The 
young  man  attended  to  ordinary  farm 
work  while  he  was  going  through  the 
common  schools,  but  was  ambitious  to  go 
through  college  and  take  up  the  legal  pro- 
fession. He  graduated  at  Hanover  in 
1881,  and  taught  a  common  school  while 
studying  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  April,  L881,  and  located  at  Green- 
field, but  in  the  following  February  he 
returned  to  Seymour  and  has  since  prac- 
ticed there.  He  has  been  active  in  politics 
from  the  beginning,  and  has  for  some 
years  now  been  recognized  as  the  strongest 
among  the  Republican  leaders  in  .Jackson 
county.  In  1892  he  served  as  chairman 
of  the  county  committee,  and  in  1  s(.»tj  was 
a  delegate  to  the  National  convention, 
while  he  has  served  as  a  delegate  to  nu- 
merous State  and  county  conventions.    The 


300 


HISTOKY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


only  public  office  he  has  held  has  been  that 
of  City  Attorney  for  Seymour,  an  office 
that  he  lias  administered  with  great  ability 

and  credit  for  the  past  ten  years.  Mr. 
Montgomery  is  a  member  of  the  Columbia 
Club,  Knights  of  Pythias,  the  Masonic 
Order,  and  in  all  these  organizations  his 
kindly  social  qualities  have  made  him  de- 
servedly popular.  He  was  married  at 
Seymour  in  1886  to  Miss  Ida  E.  Harding, 
and  thev  have  four  children. 


HON.   WILLIAM  DeFBEES  FRAZIER. 

Hon.  William  DeFrees  Frazier,  one 
of  the  most  substantial  and  successful  law- 
yers of  Northern  Indiana  and  now  Na- 
tional Bank  Examiner  for  this  State,  was 
born  November  26,  1  s4'.».  at  Warsaw,  Ind., 
the  son  of  James  Somerville  and  Caro- 
line DeFrees  Frazier.  His  father  was  a 
man  of  Scotch  descent  whose  ancestors 
came  over  doing  the  Revolution.  His 
mother's  ancestors  were  French  Hugue- 
nots. The  father  had  a  good  practice 
and  gave  his  son  an  excellent  education, 
sending  him  to  Wabash  College  and  taking 
him  into  the  practice  in  his  own  office  after 
graduation.  Success  came  to  him  from 
the  first  and  his  great  abilities,  industry 
and  sterling  integrity  have  built  up  for 
him  a  large  clientele. 

In  1881  he  was  sent  by  his  county  to 
the  legislature  and  re-elected  in  IS83. 
making  an  excellent  record  during  both 
terms  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Repub- 
lican minority.  In  1890  he  served  as  mem- 
ber of  the  State  committee  from  the  thir- 
teenth district  and  proved  an  active  and 
efficient  organizer.  In  1898  he  served  as 
chairman  of  the  county  committee  and 
Kosciusko  county  never  has  had  a  better  or- 
ganization than  it  had  during  that  year. 
For  years  he  has  headed  the  Kosciusko 
county  delegation  in  Republican  State 
conventions,  and  has  been  influential  in 
the  making  of  nominations  and  platforms. 
In  March,  1>99,  he  was  appointed  National 


Bank  Examiner  for  the  State,  and  is  now 
administering  the  office  with  an  efficiency 
and  integrity  that  is  winning  for  him 
golden  opinions.  He  has  been  energetic 
in  the  development  of  his  own  city  and 
for  years  has  been  president  of  the  War- 
saw Gas  Fight  &  Coke  Company.  Mr. 
Frazier  was  married  in  ls7<;  to  Flora  C. 
h'istie.  of  Crawfordsville,  thus  crowning 
a  romance  of  his  college  life,  and  they 
have  two  sons. 

Honored  and  respected  by  all  who  know 
him.  Mr.  Frazier  has  gone  along  quietly  in 
the  world  winning  success  and  substantial 
honors  by  the  manly  qualities  that  bring 
content  with  achievement  and  leave  no 
pain  behind. 


M.  A.  CH1PMAN. 

About  the  year  1700  John  Chipman 
migrated  to  America  from  England  and 
married  Hope  Howland,  who.  as  a  babe 
in  arms,  had  crossed  the  ocean  in  the  May- 
flower. The  family  thrived  in  New  Eng- 
land and  furnished  many  a  heroic  patriot 
in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  in 
the  War  of  1812.  One  branch  of  the 
family  settled  in  Vermont  and  later  mi- 
grated to  New  York.  A  descendant  of 
this  branch.  Dewitt  C.  Chipman,  came 
west  to  Noblesville  in  1^47.  where  he  lo- 
cated and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  with  good  success.  Here  he  married 
Cassandra  Clark.  Their  son.  Marcellus 
Augustine  Chipman,  was  born  in  Nobles- 
ville, September  7,  \^5-2.  He  was  educated 
at  the  common  schools  of  Noblesville  and 
graduated  from  the  law  department  of 
the  State  University  at  Bloomington.  In 
L870  he  began  reading  law  in  the  office  of 
his  father  who  went  that  year  to  Ander- 
son. He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  just  be- 
fore coming  of  age  and  has  been  steadily 
engaged  in  the  practice  ever  since  with 
the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  served 
on  the  bench.  In  1889  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of    the   .Madison  Circuit  Court    by 


\^t/{   1st.  y — ^^ffLciAj^uy 


302 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Gov.  Hovey  and  was  aominated  for  re- 
election at  the  close  of  his  term,  but  was 
defeated  with  the  party.  Judge  Chipman 
has  always  heen  an  active  and  earnest 
Republican  and  lias  served  frequently  on 
the  county  committee  of  Madison  county, 
and  has  heen  for  about  twenty  years  a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
State  Republican  League.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Columbia  Club,  of  Indianapolis, 
and  is  prominent  in  the  <  >dd  Fellows  fra- 
ternity, having-  served  one  term  as  Grand 
Master.  <>n  June  22,  1875,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Margaret  Belle  Buskirk,  of 
Paoli.  Indiana,  and  they  have  two  chil- 
dren. 

HON.  WILLIAM  D.  OWEN. 

People  of  the  "holier  than  thou"  sort 
are  fond  of  saying  that  political  success 
in  America  is  incompatible  with  the 
higher  virtues.  Like  a  good  many  of  their 
theories  this  one  is  not  borne  out  by  the 
facts.  Indiana  has  furnished  many  exam- 
ples of  political  success  won  by  men  of 
pure  minds  and  pure  hearts,  men  whose 
records  are  unsullied,  either  in  aspiration 
or  in  method,  and  none  of  these  examples 
have  been  more  striking  than  the  high 
success  attained  in  the  field  of  politics  by 
Hon.  W.  D.  Owen,  thrice  elected  Con- 
gressman and  twice  elected  Secretary  of 
State. 

\\  illiam  Dunn  Owen  was  born  Septem- 
ber 6,  1846,  at  Bloomington,  Ind.,theson 
of  William  I>.  and  Pricilla  Owen.  His 
father  was  a  man  of  Welsh  parentage 
who  followed  the  occupation  of  a  carpen- 
ter. His  mother  was  one  of  the  old  cava- 
lier families  of  Maryland,  whose  father 
had  impoverished  himself  by  liberating 
his  slaves  and  moving  to  the  free  State  of 
Indiana,  where  he  settled  in  1826.  The 
hoy  was  sent  to  the  common  schools  of 
Bloomington,  hut  after  reaching  the  age 
of  thirteen  was  compelled  to  maintain 
himself.      Then  followed    vears  of  such  a 


struggle  of  education  as  few  men  have 
undergone.  He  got  a  little  position  as 
clerk  in  a  store  anil  seized  what  time  he 
could  to  pursue  a  course  of  reading.  He 
read  every  night  until  midnight,  and  for 
two  years  kept  a  policeman  in  tobacco  in 
order  to  have  him  awaken  him  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  morning  that  he  might  have 
two  hours  for  reading  before  the  store 
opened.  His  clerkship  barely  paid  for  his 
board  and  clothing  and  in  order  to  pay  his 
entrance  fee  in  college  he  worked  in  a 
brick  yard  at  forty  cents  per  day.  By 
such  persistent  efforts  he  won  his  educa- 
tion and  graduated  with  honors  Upon 
leaving  college  he  entered  the  ministry 
and  was  in  the  pulpit  for  ten  years,  earn- 
ing widespread  fame  as  one  of  the  most 
eloquent  and  persuasive  ministers  of  the 
Christian  Church.  However,  his  health 
gave  way  under  the  strain  and  he  turned 
from  the  pulpit  to  literature.  His  first 
effort  was  a  volume  entitled  "  Genius  of 
Industry.'*  of    which   30,1 copies    were 

sold. 

From    early    boyhood    Mr.    Owen    had 

1 n   the  ardent  supporter  of   Republican 

principles  and  now  that  he  was  out  of  the 
pulpit  he  saw  no  reason  why  he  should 
not  devote  as  much  of  his  talent  and  en- 
ergy as  he  cared  to  to  the  support  of  the 
party.  He  resided  in  Logansport  at  this 
time  and  the  Republicans  of  Cass  county 
welcomed  his  vigorous  intelligence  and 
clear  logical  eloquence  in  support  of  their 
work.  In  L880  he  was  made  a  Presi- 
dential Elector,  and  in  L884  was  elected  to 
Congress  from  the  old  tenth  district,  and 
was  re-elected  in  L886  and  again  in  188S. 
He  was  prominent  and  influential  in  much 
of  the  best  legislation  of  the  period.  He 
had  given  particular  attention  to  the  sub 
ject  of  immigration  ami  its  effect  not  only 
upon  the  wages  of  workmen,  but  upon 
the  character  of  our  National  life  and  de- 
velopment. He  was  made  chairman  of  a 
special    committee    on    immigration    and 


304 


HISTORY    (IF    THK    KKITISLK  AN    I'AKTY 


conducted  an  inquiry  on  its  effects,  mak- 
ing a  report  covering  L,200  pages.  This 
report  was  one  of  the  most  valuable  docu- 
ments ever  issued  from  the  Government 
printing  office,  and  was  used  by  Lord 
Roseberry  as  the  basis  of  his  report  on  im- 
migration to  the  British  Parliament.  As 
a  result  of  tins  work  Mr.  Owen  was  the 
authority  of  the  present  immigration  law 
which  changed  the  control  of  immigration 
from  the  State  to  the  Federal  Government 
and  restricted  the  incoming  of  undesirable 
foreigners.  He  retired  from  Congress  two 
months  before  the  law  was  to  go  into 
effect  and  was  appointed  by  President 
Harrison  Commissioner  of  Immigration 
to  inaugurate  the  new  law.  He  devoted 
two  years  of  the  most  active  and  exacting 
work  to  this  duty  and  to  the  precedents 
set  by  him,  as  much  as  to  the  law  itself, 
are  due  the  excellent  results  it  has  at- 
tained. After  a  brief  sojourn  at  his  borne 
in  Logan  sport  be  was  nominated  by  the 
Republican  State  convention  of  1894, 
among  a  very  large  field  of  candidates,  to 
lead  the  ticket  as  nominee  for  Secretary  of 
State.  He  was  elected  by  the  largest  vote 
ever  given  to  any  man  in  the  history  of 
the  State  and  was  renominated  without 
opposition  and  re-elected  in  L896.  Here- 
tired  from  office  in  January.  L8'J9,  and 
has  since  devoted  bis  energies  to  the  con- 
trol of  large  business  affairs  in  which  be 
has  become  interested,  being  president  of 
the  Mexican  Coffee  &  Rubber  Company, 
of  the  LTbero  Plantation  Company,  of  In- 
dianapolis, and  tin  W.  1>.  Owen  Terra 
Cotta  Lumber  Company.  In  all  the  rela- 
tions of  life  as  minister  of  the  gospel,  as 
statesman,  as  business  man.  as  husband 
ami  as  loyal  friend.  Mr.  Owen  has  dis- 
played the  spirit  and  the  purpose  which  has 
excited  not  only  the  admiration  and  re- 
spect, but  tbe  gratitude  and  love  of  every 
one  who  has  come  near  him. 


WILLIAM    H.   SCHMIDT. 

Undoubtedly  the  most  efficient  leader 
of  the  Republican  party  in  Marion  county 
is  W.  H.  Schmidt.  Young,  aggressive 
and  positive  in  his  political  views  and 
opinions.  Mr.  Schmidt  is  remarkably  pop- 
ular, and  even  when  he  makes  a  mistake  it 
is  readily  forgotten,  for  everybody  under 
stands  that  his  motives  were  perfectly 
honest  and  his  intentions  were  of  the  best. 
William  Henry  Schmidt  was  born  at  Mad- 
ison, Indiana,  September  •_' 1 .  ls.">7.  His 
father  was  William  Frederick  Schmidt,  a 
native  of  Wuertemberg,  Germany,  and 
migrated  to  America  at  an  early  age.  In 
New  York  city,  in  1845,  he  was  married 
to  Maria  E.  Feirertag.  a  native  of  Bavaria. 
Three  years  later  they  moved  to  Edinburg. 
Indiana,  and  finally  to  Madison,  where 
they  resided  until  1868,  when  they  moved  to 
Indianapolis.  Mr.  Schmidt  was  a  butcher 
ami  in  fairly  comfortable  circumstances. 
The  son  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Madison  and  Indianapolis  in 
[871,  and  entered  the  wholesale  drug 
house  of  Kiefer  &  Vinton  as  an  errand 
hoy.  By  constant  industry  and  intelli- 
gence he  worked  himself  up  through  every 
department  of  this  great  concern  until  he 
became  a  partner  in  the  business  with  a 
large  share  in  its  management. 

Mr.  Schmidt  took  an  active  interest  in 
politics  as  an  uncompromising  Republican 
from  the  time  be  was  old  enough  to  vote, 
and  though  he  was  not  an  orator  he  was 
always  liberal  with  his  contributions  of 
money  and  work  to  help  the  party.  He 
served  for  a  number  of  years  as  treasurer 
of  city  and  county  committees,  and  in 
1894  bis  friends  insisted  upon  bis  standing 
for  the  nomination  of  County  Treasurer. 
He  still  bad  bis  interest  in  the  Kiefer 
Drug  Company,  and  after  a  sharp  contest 
was  nominated  and  elected  by  about  '■'>  500 
majority,  running  fully  1,500  votes  ahead 
of  the  ticket.  In  1890  he  was  renominated 
without     opposition     and     elected    by    a 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    IMUANA. 


majority  of  5,800.     He  has  administered 

the  office  not  only  with  absolute  integrity. 
but  with  great  judgment  and  wisdom. 

Mr.  Schmidt  was  married  February  9, 
L898,  to  Miss  Sarah  Curry,  and  they  have 
an  elegant  home  in  Indianapolis,  where 
they  entertain  hospitably.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Columbia  and  Marion  Clubs 
and  is  very  prominent  in  the  Shrine  and 
kindred  Masonic  bodies. 


JOHN  CHARLFS   KICHTER. 

Judge  John  Chakles  Richter,  of  La- 
Porte,  has  earned  the  distinction  of  having 
carried  as  a  Republican  the  rock-ribbed 
Democratic  comity  every  time  his  party 
has  nominated  him  for  office  Mr.  Richter 
was  horn  in  LaPorte,  May  29,  L865, 
of  German  ancestry.  His  father  was 
a  merchant  in  good  circumstances  and 
the  young  man.  after  going  through  the 
public  schools  of  LaPorte,  entered  the 
University  of  Michigan  and  graduated  in 
L886.  After  graduation  he  located  in 
Kansas,  where  he  practiced  law  for  a  year. 
This  was  just  about  the  time  of  the  col- 
lapse of  the  Kansas  boom  and  business 
in  all  lines  of  profession  was  dead.  At  the 
end  of  the  year  he  returned  to  LaPorte 
and  opened  a  law  office  and  there  success 
uiet  with  his  efforts  from  the  start.  He 
displayed  ability  and  conscientious  care  in 
working  up  his  cases  and  soon  acquired 
not  only  a  large  clientage,  hut  the  active 
good  will  of  everybody  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact.  Quiet  and  unobtrusive 
in  manner,  liberal  with  help  to  those  who 
needed  it  and  with  a  kindly  sympathy  for 
everybody,  it  was  not  surprising  that  the 
Republicans  should  find  him  a  man  valu- 
able to  their  party.  In  1892  he  was  nom- 
inated for  the  legislature  and  elected, 
despite  the  fact  that  Cleveland  carried  the 
county  by  L,loo.  In  L894  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  again 
carried  the  comity  and  again  in  1896  was 
re-elect  id.      In  1898  he  was  nominated  for 


■Judge  of  the  circuit  bench  and  there  was 
no  break  in  his  long  line  of  political  vic- 
tories. During  his  term  in  the  legislature 
he  was  known  as  one  of  the  most  level- 
headed members  of  the  Lower  House.  He 
was  seldom  on  the  Moor,  but  when  he 
arose  to  his  feet  he  had  something  to  say 
that  was  to  the  point.  Endowed  with 
ample  courage  and  a  high  sense  of  per- 
sonal responsibility  as  legislator,  as  prose- 
cutor and  as  judge,  he  has  done  his  whole 
duty  without  fear  or  favor  and  it  is  this 
independent  courage  that  has  contributed 
more  than  any  other  quality  to  his  popu- 
larity and  success.  Judge  Richter  is  Hot 
married.  The  same  qualities  that  have 
made  him  popular  in  politics  have  made 
him  the  Leader  in  the  various  societies  in 
which  he  is  affiliated. 


W.    1).   PAGE. 

In  William  D.  Rage,  of  Fort  Wayne, 
the  Republican  party  has  an  active  and 
practical,  though  a  quiet  and  extremely 
modest  worker,  in  whose  rise  to  his  present 
standing  and  condition  the  youth  of  the 
country  may  take  a  valuable  lesson.  Mr. 
Page  rose  from  a  "printer's  devil"  to  the 
ownership  of  the  Fort  Wayne  News.  In 
the  campaign  of  1896  Mr.  Rage  rendered 
valuable  services  to  the  Republican  cause 
in  the  twelfth  district,  although  local  Dem- 
ocratic success  was  practically  certain, 
and.  on  recommendation  by  Senator  Fair- 
hanks,  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Fort 
Wayne,  in    1897,  by  President   McKinley. 

William  David  Page  was  born  A.ugus1 
Ri.  ls  ++.  at  Monroe.  Michigan.  His 
father.  Rev.  William  Page,  was  a  Pres- 
byterian  preacher,  well  known  in  religious 
reform  and  missionary  circles.  He  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  William  Lloyd 
Garrison.  Ralph  Waldo  Fiuerson.  Henry 
Ward  Beecher,  Harriett  Beecher  Stowe. 
John  G.  Sa.xe.  and  other  noted  reformers 
and  religious  men  of  those  times.  The 
ancestry   in   America   of   Mr.    Page  dates 


20 


306 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    I'AKTY 


back  to  L660,  when  Luther  Page,  an  En- 
glish army  officer,  came  to  the  wild  and 

unsettled  America  of  that  date,  and  from 
whom  descended  the  New  England  branch 
of  t lie  Pages,  many  of  whom  are  still  liv- 
ing, and  others  yet  well  remembered  in 
that  section  of  the  country.  The  grand- 
father of  W.  D.  Page  was  David  Page,  a 
prominent  Vermont  manufacturer  of  a 
century  ago.  and  his  grandmother  was 
Elizabeth  Minot,  of  the  famous  Minot 
family,  of  Boston.  The  mother  of  Mr. 
Page  was  of  French  Huguenot  parentage, 
her  grandparents  having  been  driven  from 
France  in  the  religions  agitations  of  early 
French  history. 

After  a  few  years'  residence  with  rela- 
tives on  a  farm  at  Belvidere.  Illinois,  he 
went  to  Adrian.  Michigan,  at  the  age  of 
ten  years,  to  learn  the  printer's  trade, 
working  on  the  Adrian  Expositor.  Later, 
he  graduated  at  the  West  Rockford  (Illi- 
nois) High  School.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  class  of  1867,  at  Hamilton  Col- 
lege, though  not  a  graduate,  having  left 
to  go  into  the  Shenandoah  Valley  in  1864. 
Returning  to  Adrian,  he  resumed  his 
labors  on  the  Expositor,  and  in  L865,  at 
the  age  of  21,  he  became  the  editor  and 
half  owner  of  that  paper.  He  was  con- 
nected with  tlie  job  department  of  the 
Toledo  Commercial  from  ls<i'.'  to  1871,  at 
which  latter  date  he  came  to  Fort  Wayne, 
and  was  identified  with  the  Gazette.  In 
1  ^74  he  established  the  Daily  News,  and 
is  still  its  owner  and  proprietor. 

Mr.  Page  was  prevented  from  active 
service  in  the  Civil  War  through  his  youth. 
However,  early  in  lsi.o  he  enlisted  in  the 
Fifth  Wisconsin  Regiment  of  Infantry, 
and  took  part  in  quelling  the  well  remem- 
bered hank  ri^ts  in  the  streets  of  .Mil 
waukee.  He  continued  with  his  regiment 
until  June  of  that  year,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  as  being  too  young. 

Mr.  Page  is  connected  with  many  of 
tin'  largest  charitable  organizations  and 
institutions  of  the  State.      He  is  a  director 


in  the  Hope  Hospital  Association,  a  di- 
rector in  the  Allen  County  Orphans'  Home, 
and  a  director  in  the  Associated  Charities, 
whose  work  in  charitable  lines  is  well 
known.  He  is  chairman  of  the  advisory 
committee  of  the  Ladies'  Relief  Union. 
Mr.  Page  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Claude  Matthews  a  Trustee  in  the  Eastern 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  and  has  been 
twice  reappointed  by  Governor  Mount. 

Mr.  Page  was  married  at  Adrian. 
Michigan,  in  1866,  to  Miss  Chloe  Eliza- 
beth Warner,  and  has  two  daughters. 
Mrs.  George  B.  Willey  and  Mrs.  Thomas 
B.  Wright,  both  of  Put  Wayne.  He  is  a 
member  of  Sion  S.  Bass  Post.  G.  A.  R.. 
Sol.  D.  Bayless  Lodge.  F.  &  A.  M..  Har- 
mony Lodge.  I.  ( ).  ( ).  F..  and  the  Order 
of  Ben  Hur.  He  was  president  of  the 
Morton  Club,  of  Fort  Wayne,  at  the  time 
of  that  club's  greatest  prosperity. 


CHARLES  BEANY  LANDIS. 

Hon.  Charles  Beany  Landis  is  known 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
land  as  the  brilliant  young  Congressman 
from  Indiana,  who  knows  what  he  thinks 
and  is  not  afraid  to  say  it  under  any 
and  all  circumstances.  He  is  a  young 
man  to  whom  the  average  American  citi- 
zen takes  as  a  duck  does  to  water,  and  not 
only  the  people  of  his  own  district,  but 
those  of  the  whole  State  delight  in  honoring 
him  whenever  opportunity  affords.  Cour- 
ageous, loyal  to  his  principles  and  loyal  to 
his  friends,  good  natured  and  affable,  unos- 
tentatious and  happy  natured.  he  is  a  man 
who  is  invariably  liked  mi  his  acquaint- 
ance and  intensely  admired  as  one  comes 
to  know  him  better  and  understand  his 
rugged  honesty  of  purpose  and  high  ideals. 

Mr.  Landis  was  born  in  Milville,  Ohio, 
July  '•>.  1858,  one  of  a  large  family  of 
sons.  He  is  of  German-Swiss  ancestry. 
His  father.  Dr.  Abraham  H.  Landis.  was 
a  well  known  physician  ami  surgeon,  but, 
when    the   war  broke   out.    he   went    as  a 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


regimental  surgeon  to  the  front  and  gave 
up  a  lucrative  practice.  All  he  could  do 
for  his  boys  was  to  give  them  a  good  home 
education  that  would  fit  them  for  the 
battle  of  life.  Charles  was  educated  at 
the  Logansport  public  schools  and  sent  to 
Wabash  College.  When  he  finished  col- 
lege he  did  not  sit  down  and  bewail  the 
fate  of  the  educated  unemployed,  but 
started  out  in  the  good  American  way  to 
••hustle  for  a  joh,"  ready  and  anxious  to 
take  anything  that  might  offer  in  the  way 
of  honorable  work  that  would  afford  a 
livelihood.  In  the  summer  he  worked 
as  a  common  hand  in  the  Held  on  a  farm, 
and  for  a  few  months  hauled  gravel 
as  a  laborer  on  the  streets  of  Logans- 
port.  In  time,  however,  he  secured  em- 
ployment as  a  reporter  on  the  Logansport 
Journal  and  his  ability  and  industry  soon 
won  him  an  excellent  newspaper  repu- 
tation and  many  warm  friends.  When,  in 
18S7,  there  was  an  opportunity  to  purchase 
the  Delphi  Journal,  he  embarked  in  busi- 
ness for  himself,  and  anyone  who  lias 
grubbed  and  worked  and  struggled  to 
make  a  country  newspaper  pay  will 
understand  what  Landis  went  through 
during  the  next  few  years.  But  he  stuck 
to  it  and  won  success,  and  at  last  found 
himself  the  owner  of  a  paying  property 
and  thoroughly  respected  by  the  people  he 
had  loved  and  worked  among.  Naturally, 
in  conducting  a  newspaper  at  a  county 
seat,  the  young  man  mingled  a  great  deal 
in  local  politics  and  was  from  the  start 
connected  in  various  capacities  with  the 
county  committee.  He  always  participated 
in  State  and  other  conventions  of  his  party, 
but  never  sought  public  office  in  bis  own 
behalf.  His  field  of  activity  widened  and 
it  was  not  long  before  he  was  known  as  a 
factor  in  the  politics  of  the  State. 

In  1894-  Carroll  county  was  in  the  old 
tenth  district,  and  the  young  Republicans 
of  the  district  insisted  that  Landis  should 
make  a  fight  for  the  Congressional  nomi- 
nation.     He  entered  the  race  reluctantly, 


but  once  he  was  into  it  made  the  mosl 
surprising  canvass  the  district  lias  ever 
known.  His  opponent  for  the  nomination 
was  Judge  William  Johnson,  of  Valpa- 
raiso, recognized  as  a  leader  of  the  bar  in 
Northwestern  Indiana.  The  contest  for 
the  nomination  covered  a  period  of  two 
months  and  before  its  close  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  whole  State.  When  the 
delegates  met  in  convention  at  Hammond 
they  were  almost  evenly  divided,  but  the 
friends  of  Mr.  Landis.  by  a  narrow 
majority,  controlled  the  organization  of 
the  convention.  The  tension  was  so  high 
that  the  convention  split  and  the  followers 
of  Judge  Johnson  withdrew.  Mr.  Landis 
was  nominated  and  two  weeks  later  the 
friends  of  Judge  Johnson  met  again  at 
Hammond  and  placed  him  in  nomination. 
Thus  two  candidates  in  the  Held  and  fac- 
tional lines  forming  throughout  the  dis- 
trict endangering  party  success.  Air. 
Landis  withdrew  from  the  race  and  sug- 
gested the  calling  of  a  new  convention  and 
the  naming  of  a  new  candidate  who  had 
not  been  identified  with  the  former  con- 
test. This  suggestion  was  followed  and 
Dr.  Jethro  A.  Hatch,  of  Kentland.  be- 
came the  party  candidate,  both  sides  giv- 
ing him  loyal  support.  Mr.  Landis  took 
the  situation  with  cheerful  philosophy, 
never  sulked  a  moment,  gave  up  three 
months  of  his  time  to  the  State  and  dis- 
trict committees  and  made  daily  speeches 
up  to  tile  close  of  the  campaign. 

Two  years  later  the  State  was  redis- 
tricted  tor  Congressional  purposes  and 
Carroll  county,  the  home  of  Air.  Landis. 
became  a  part  of  the  ninth  district.  His 
new  associates  took  kindly  to  him  and  at 
the  first  Republican  convention  held  in 
the  new  district  .Mr.  Landis  was  nomi- 
nated for  Congress  with  little  opposition. 

Though  the  district  was  a  very  close 
one  politically,  he  was  triumphantly 
elected,  and  in  1898  was  renominated  by 
acclamation  and  again  elected.  In  Con- 
gress  his   record    has    earned    for    him    n 


308 


HISTORY    <>K   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


National  reputation.  When  he  attacked 
the  inconsistencies  and  petty  mistakes  of 
the  Civil  Service  system  he  struck  a  popu- 
lar chord  throughout  the  Nation.  While 
he  believes  in  the  Civil  Service  principle. 
in  so  far  as  it  seeks  to  secure  the  best  serv- 
ice and  weed  out  the  incompetent,  he  was 
keen  enough  to  pick  out  many  of  the 
follies  and  incongruities  in  its  administra- 
tion and  hold  them  up  to  merciless  ridi- 
cule. He  has  been  active  in  all  the 
successful  legislation  of  the  past  four 
years,  and  has  fought  fiercely  and  effi- 
ciently for  the  right. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Cora  Chaffin. 
of  Logansport.  in  1887,  and  has  a  family 
of  charming  children. 


MAKT1X  M.   HUGG. 

Senator  Martin  M.  Huug  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  young 
lawvers  of  the  Indianapolis  bar  and  has 
made  himself  a  positive  force  in  the  poli- 
tics of  Marion  county  and  the  State. 
Though  his  legal  and  oratorical  ability  is 
of  a  high  order,  there  is  nothing  showy 
about  Mr.  Hugg  or  his  methods,  either  in 
his  profession  or  in  his  political  methods. 
His  success  and  his  great  personal  popu- 
larity, as  demonstrated  by  the  way  he  ran 
ahead  of  his  ticket  in  IS96,  have  been  due 
more  to  his  unquestioned  sincerity  of  pur- 
pose, capacity  for  hard  work,  loyalty  to 
his  friends  and  indomitable  courage  than 
to  any  other  qualities. 

Mr.  Hugg  was  born  in  Indianapolis. 
March  17.  ls.Vs.  His  father.  Joseph 
Hugg,  a  native  of  Baden,  had  joined  in 
the  German  revolution  of  1848.  He  was 
wounded  in  1  849  and  upon  the  defeat  of 
the  revolutionary  forces  fled  to  America. 
Here  he  found  employment  of  various 
kinds  and  was  employed  in  the  State 
armory  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1864. 
The  boy  was  educated  in  the  Indianapolis 
public  schools  and  learned  the  trade  of  a 
1 kbinder.     He  was  employed  by  the  old 


Sentinel  Company  and  not  only  earned  a 
livelihood  for  his  mother  and  himself,  but 
saved  up  some  money  and  this,  with  a 
small  inheritance  that  fell  to  his  mother, 
enabled  him  to  take  the  course  of  law 
lectures  in  the  University  of  Michigan, 
where  lie  graduated  m  1S7H.  It  was 
those  years  of  hard  struggle  and  close 
economy  that  taught  the  hoy  the  self-re- 
liance and  pluck  that  have  since  stood  him 
in  such  good  stead.  He  read  law  in  the 
office  of  McMaster  ei  Boice  and  from  1882 
to  lss.~>  was  employed  as  a  law  clerk  in 
the  office  of  John  M.  Judah.  He  then 
began  the  practice  of  law  for  himself  and 
was  appointed  by  Prosecuting  Attorney 
W.  N.  Harding  Deputy  Prosecutor  in 
charge  of  police  court  cases.  He  served 
with  ability  in  this  capacity  until  Novem- 
ber, 18S6. 

In  December,  1886,  he  formed  a  law 
partnership  with  Hon.  Joseph  B.  Kealing 
and  the  firm  enjoys  a  very  wide  reputa- 
tion and  lucrative  practice. 

An  ardent  and  unswerving  Republican, 
Mr.  Hugg  participated  more  or  less  actively 
in  local  politics  from  the  beginning  of  his 
legal  career  and  has  held  many  positions 
in  the  city  and  county  organizations  of 
the  party,  served  as  delegate  to  numerous 
conventions  and  has  given  his  services 
as  a  speaker  in  many  campaigns.  He 
has  never  sought  office,  but  in  1896  ac- 
cepted a  nomination  for  the  State  Senate 
when  it  was  given  him  by  acclamation. 
He  was  elected,  running  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  and  in  the  Senate  made  a  reputa- 
tion not  only  as  a  man  of  force  and 
ability,  but  as  a  man  who  carefully  and 
earnestly  looked  after  the  interest  of  the 
people  without  any  demagogic  display  of 
what  he  was  doing.  He  was  made  chair 
man  of  the  committee  on  affairs  of  the 
city  of  Indianapolis  and  as  such  made  the 
famous  fight  against  the  street  railroad 
corporation  that  was  claiming  perpetual 
rights  to  the  streets  of  tile  city  and  inci- 
dental to  this  struggle   he  introduced   the 


C^0& <za£*~~^->     o^t. 


HISTORY    ()K   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


famous  three-cent  fare  law.  I  In  t  his 
most  valuable  bit  of  work  in  the  interest 
of  tlie  people  was  the  contributory  negli- 
gence hill  which  he  introduced  and  fought 
for  until  it  became  a  law.  By  its  provi- 
sions, in  damage  suits  for  personal  in- 
juries, the  defendant  must  prove  contrib- 
utory negligence  instead  of  the  law 
presuming  it  and  requiring  the  plaintiff 
to  disprove  it. 

Mr  Hugg  is  as  popular  socially  as  he 
is  politically.  He  is  a  valued  member  of 
the  Marion  and  Columbia  Clubs,  of  the 
Scottish  Rite  and  Knights  Templar. 


SILAS  1).   COFFEY. 

Judge   Silas  D.   Coffey,  one   of   the 

most  eminent  jurists  and  scholarly  men 
that  ever  graced  the  Supreme  Bench  of 
Indiana,  was  horn  on  a  farm  in  Owen 
county.  February  23,  1839.  His  father. 
Hodge  R.  Coffey,  was  a  Tennessee  farmer 
of  Irish  descent  who  had  migrated  to  In- 
diana some  years  before.  The  hoy  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  received  such  education 
as  the  common  schools  of  the  country  then 
afforded,  and  entered  the  State  University, 
at  Bloomington.  in  I860.  When  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in 
the  three  months'  service  on  the  l'.'th  day 
of  April.  L861,  but  when  his  company 
reached  Indianapolis  it  was  ascertained 
that  the  call  for  three  months*  troops  was 
rilled.  His  company,  with  others  enlisting 
under  similar  circumstances,  were  at  once 
mustered  into  the  State  service  for  the 
service  of  one  year,  but  upon  the  first  call 
for  three  years'  troops  they  entered  the 
United  States  service  for  that  period,  as  the 
14th  Indiana  Regiment,  and  he  remained 
with  them  until  June,  1863,  when,  owing 
to  ill  health,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  where  he  remained 
until  the  next  year.  While  serving  in  the 
army  he  carried  a  copy  of  Blackstone  in 
bis  knapsack  and  perused  its  musty  pages 
when  time  in  the  camp  bung  heavy.    After 


returning  home  he  pursued  his  legal  studies 
diligently  and  soon  opened  an  office  at 
Bowling  Green,  then  the  county  seat  of 
( 'lay  county,  this  State.  In  1865  he  made 
an  unsuccessful  race  for  Prosecuting  At- 
torney of  his  district,  but  was  defeated  by 
John  C.  Robinson,  of  Spencer,  the  district 
being  Democratic  and  he  being  a  Repub- 
lican. The  district  was  then  composed  of 
Green,  Clay.  Owen  and  Putnam  counties. 
He  had  a  partnership  at  Bowling  Green 
with  Hon.  Allen  T.  Hose,  a  very  successful 
lawyer,  and  one  widely  known.  No  rail- 
roads extended  through  this  town,  and  for 
many  years  there  was  an  agitation  to  move 
the  seat  of  justice  to  Brazil,  an  enterpris- 
ing town  lying  on  the  Indianapolis  oc  Terre 
Haute  Railroad  i  usually  now  called  the 
"  Vandalia)  "  In  1877  this  was  accom- 
plished, and  in  the  same  year  Judge  Coffey 
moved  to  Brazil,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided.  He  and  Wm.  W.  Carter  formed  a 
partnership  in  the  year  1868,  which  con- 
tinued until  the  former  ascended  the  bench. 
In  1873  he  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  Judge  of  his  circuit,  being  beaten  with 
his  party,  his  opponent  being  Judge  Solon 
Turman.  In  1881  Governor  Porter  ap- 
pi  linted  him  Judge  of  the  thirteenth  circuit, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death 
of  Judge  Solon  Turman.  In  1882  be  was 
nominated  for  this  position  and  elected  by 
H<;.~>  majority,  though  the  circuit  bad  at 
least  600  Democratic  majority.  In  this 
race  he  ran  1,218  votes  ahead  of  his  party 
in  his  own  county.  In  1888  he  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Republican  State  convention 
for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
elected.  He  took  his  seat  January  7.  1889, 
and  served  until  January  7.  1895.  While 
on  the  Supreme  Court  bench  many  grave 
constitutional  questions  came  before  the 
court.  The  legislature  of  1889  was  Demo- 
cratic, although  the  State  had  gone  Re- 
publican on  the  general  ticket.  Necessarily 
not  the  best  of  political  feeling  existed 
between  the  legislature  and  the  executive 
branch    of  the    government,    and    in  this 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


311 


tacit  hostility  the  judiciary  did  not  escape. 
A  Supreme  Court  Commission  was  created, 
and  tlit-  members  of  it  appointed  by  the 

legislature.  The  court  found  itself  com- 
pelled to  declare  it  unconstitutional,  and 
in  this  the  bench  was  united,  although  one 
of  them  was  a  Democrat.  Statutes  were 
passed  to  secure  control  of  cities  whose 
administration  was  then  in  the  hands  of 
the  Republicans.  The  validity  of  these 
statutes  came  before  the  court  and  were 
declared  invalid,  because  an  invasion  of 
that  local  self-government  secured  by  the 
constitution.  Not  content  with  the  pat- 
ronage allowed  it  in  appointing  officers  to 
serve  it.  the  legislature  sought  to  wrest 
from  the  hands  of  the  executive  the  power 
to  appoint  a  State  Geologist  and  a  State 
Statistician.  This.  Governor  Hovey  re- 
sisted, and  appointed  persons  to  till  the 
vacancies,  notwithstanding  the  fact  the 
legislature  had  passed  a  law  over  his  veto 
and  itself  filled  such  vacancies.  This  nec- 
essarily brought  on  a  strife  between  the 
several  appointees,  and  resort  was  had  to 
the  courts  to  settle  the  controversy.  The 
Supreme  Court  decided  those  statutes  in- 
valid, and  held  that  the  vacancies  should 
have  been  filled  at  the  last  general  election 
instead  of  resort  to  the  appointing  power 
of  the  Governor.  The  effect  of  these  many 
decisions  was  to  create  an  intense  political 
feeling  in  the  Democratic  ranks,  and  in 
the  State  platform  of  that  party  for  L890, 
Judges  Coffey,  <  )lds  and  Berkshire  were  de- 
nounced by  name  and  charged  with  having 
rendered  partisan  decisions.  Et is  scarcely 
necessary  to  say  that  this  was  untrue. 
and  time  has  amply  refuted  the  charges. 
In  L891  the  legislature  gerrymandered 
the  State  in  an  outrageous  manner. 
The  validity  of  the  statute  was  attacked, 
and  the  court  declared  it  unconstitu- 
tional. Judge  I'offe,  writing  the  opinion. 
This  opinion  called  down  on  him  the  male- 
dictions of  the  Democratic  party.  The 
validity  of  the  statutes  providing  tor  the 
"Australian  ballot"  system  of  voting  was 


attacked,  and  Judge  ( loffey,  in  an  exhaust- 
ive opinion,  held  it  valid.  In  the  construc- 
tion of  this  statute  and  the  method  of 
voting,  he  rendered  an  opinion  which  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  opinions  in 
the  United  States,  being  cited  in  many 
courts.  The  fee  and  salary  law.  passed  by 
the  legislature  of  L891,  came  before  the 
Supreme  Court  in  several  different  suits, 
and  Judge  Coffey  prepared  the  opinion 
that  held  the  law  valid.  The  decision  was 
rendered  in  January,  LS94,  and  in  the 
State  convention  the  following  spring  the 
county  officers'  organization,  then  a  very 
powerful  one.  succeeded  in  compassing  his 
defeat  by  a  fortuitous  circumstance  that 
threw  the  nominations  for  the  Supreme 
Court  as  the  last  upon  the  ticket  to  be 
decided  at  about  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  when  most  of  the  delegates  were 
out  of  their  seats.  Even  then  the  best 
following  of  the  State  regarded  this  de- 
feat as  an  outrage  and  this  sentiment  has 
grown  ever  since.  Judge  Coffey  was 
married  in  November.  1864,  to  Miss  Caro- 
line L.  Byles.  of  Baltimore.  They  have 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  Since  his 
retirement  from  the  bench  he  has  pursued 
the  practice  of  law  and  lived  quietly  at  his 
home  in  Brazil,  safe  in  the  admiration  and 
respect  that  come  to  a  man  who  has  the 
ability  to  see  what  his  duty  is  and  the 
courage  to  perform  it  fearlessly. 


JESSE  WILLIAM  WEIK. 
Among  the  shiploads  of  German  exiles 
that  were  expelled  from  the  fatherland 
after  the  famous  but  unsuccessful  revolu- 
tion of  fs-fs  was  Louis  Weik.  He  was  a 
baker  by  trade,  clear  headed,  determined 
and  enterprising  in  business,  and  a  man 
of  great  force  of  character.  Driven  from 
his  native  land  on  account  of  his  political 
influence,  he  came  to  Cincinnati  in  1^4^ 
and  removed  to  Greencastle.  Indiana,  in 
1853.  At  Evansville  he  met  and  married 
Katherine   Schmidt,    daughter   of    Philip 


31! 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Schmidt,  an  educated  German,  who  came 
to  America  at  an  early  day  and  settled  in 
Southern  Indiana.  The  latter  was  an 
agnostic,  who  held  Thomas  Payne  one 
of  the  brightest  stars  in  his  intellectual 
Qrmament.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  Abo- 
litionist and  helped  many  a  negro  slave 
northward  to  liberty.  He  was  a  great 
friend  and  admirer  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
and  this  admiration  cost  him  his  life.  A 
few  days  before  the  election  of  1860  he 
suffered  an  injury  to  his  leg.  which  con- 
fined him  to  his  lied,  but  on  election  day 
he  required  his  sons  to  carry  him  on  a 
stretcher  to  the  polls  in  order  that  he 
might  cast  his  vote  for  Lincoln.  A  week 
later  he  died  from  this  exposure  on  elec- 
tion day.  Louis  Weik,  after  settling-  in 
Greencastle,  opened  a  bakery  and  con- 
ducted it  with  success. 

His  son.  Jesse  William  Weik.  was  horn 
here  August  -_':'..  1857.  He  was  sent  to 
the  public  schools  of  Greencastle  and  went 
through  Ashury  University,  working  in 
his  father's  bakery  during  such  hours  as 
he  was  not  in  school  or  college.  His  grad- 
uation took  place  in  1875.  Three  years 
later,  after  studying  law  in  the  office  of 
Hon.  Thomas  Hanna.  at  Greencastle,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  The  most  inter- 
esting work  of  his  life,  however,  has  been 
in  collecting  and  arranging  data  concern- 
ing the  life  and  personality  of  the  great 
Lincoln.  To  him  more  than  to  any  other 
investigator  is  due  the  knowledge  that  we 
have  of  Lincoln's  personality,  of  his  early 
life  in  Southern  Indiana  and  his  struggles 
in  Illinois  before  he  became  famous.  In 
L8S8,  in  collaboration  with  W.  H.  Hern- 
don,  who  was  for  twenty  years  Lincoln's 
law  partner.  Mr.  Weik  published  a  Life  of 
Lincoln  that  has  had  a  more  or  less  exten- 
sive circulation.  He  has  likewise  contrib- 
uted generously  to  the  magazines  on  the 
same  subject.  He  has  prepared  and  deliv- 
ered on  many  occasions  a  lecture  on  Lincoln 
that  is  universally  conceded  to  he  one  of 
the  most  interesting,  true  and  entertaining 


essays  on  the  life  and  character  of  the 
martyred  President  that  has  been  put 
forth. 

With  such  ancestry  and  environment 
it  is  hut  natural  that  .Mr.  Weik  should 
have  been  an  anient  Republican  from  the 
start,  and  he  has  from  early  manhood 
been  active  iii  the  management  of  the 
party  in  Putnam  county.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  as  member  of  the  school 
board  of  Greencastle,  and  during  the  Gar- 
field administration  was  State  Examiner 
of  the  United  States  Pension  Bureau. 
Under  General  Harrison  he  served  as  a 
Postoffice  Inspector.  For  many  years  he 
has  always  been  on  the  delegation  from 
Putnam  county  to  State  conventions,  and 
in  1896  was  chosen  as  one  of  the  dele- 
gates to  the  St.  Louis  National  con- 
vention. In  December,  1890,  Mr.  Weik 
was  married  to  Miss  Frances  A.  Hayes,  of 
Portland,  and  they  have  two  charming 
children. 


FRANK  B.   POSEY. 

No  man  in  Southern  Indiana  has  been 
more  prominent  in  the  politics  of  the 
State  during  the  past  decade  than  Hon. 
Frank  B.  Posey,  of  Evansville.  An  ora- 
tor of  most  unusual  ability,  a  lawyer  of 
great  eminence  and  a  man  with  numerous 
qualities  of  popularity,  he  has  easily  taken 
high  rank  as  a  leader.  His  father.  John 
W.  Posey,  was  a  native  of  Smith  Carolina 
and  came  to  Indiana  in  1804,  an  infant  in 
arms.  His  parents  settled  in  Pike  county. 
There  he  married  Sarah  Blackburn,  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  and  their  son.  Frank 
B.  Posey,  was  born  April  28,  1*4*.  He 
attended  the  district  schools  of  the  county 
and  entered  Ashury  University,  but  did 
not  complete  his  course.  In  1869  he  grad- 
uated from  the  law  department  of  the 
Indiana  State  University  and  in  February 
of  the  same  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  began  the  practice  of  law  and  met  with 
success  from   the  start.      In    1*7:.'  he  was 


■ 


■ 


- 


OK    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


313 


appointed  by  Governor  Baker  District 
Attorney  for  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
of  Pike  comity.  He  was  very  active  in 
the  politics  of  the  county  and  his  influence 
soon  spread  throughout  the  district.  In 
L880  lie  was  named  as  one  of  the  Presi- 
dential Electors  and  elected.  In  lss4  he 
was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  convention  at  Chicago.  Four 
years  later  he  was  nominated  for  Con- 
gress and  came  within  twenty  votes  of 
being  elected  in  a  district  where  the  Dem- 
ocrats had  a  clear  plurality  of  L,500 
votes.  A  few  months  later  he  was  nom- 
inated to  till  a  vacancy  in  I  he  Fiftieth 
Congress,  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Governor  Hovey.  and  was  elected  for  the 
short  term  over  the  same  competitor  by 
L,270  majority.  In  L896  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  Governor  and  polled  a  very  strong- 
vote  in  the  convention,  and  in  1898  the 
Republican  members  from  Southwestern 
Indiana,  gave  him  a  large  vote  in  caucus 
for  the  Senatorial  nomination.  His  repu- 
tation as  a  lawyer  grew  to  such  propor- 
tions that  in  IS'.h  he  removed  from  Peters- 
burg to  Evansville.  where  a  wider  field  for 
his  talents  was  afforded.  There  he  has 
practiced  law  with  great  success,  but  has 
always  devoted  a  large  measure  of  his 
time  in  each  campaign  to  a  speaking  tour 
of  the  State  in  behalf  of  the  party.  It  is 
doubtful  if  there  is  a  Republican  in  lndi- 
ana  who  has  a  larger  number  of  personal 
friends  throughout  the  State  than  lie. 


JOHN  W.  LOVETT. 
JOHN  \Y.  LOVETT,  of  Anderson,  is 
known  in  politics,  in  the  law  and  in  hnsi- 
ness  as  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and 
influential  citizens  of  Indiana.  His  work 
in  developing  the  gas  belt,  his  work  in 
sustaining  the  Republican  party  in  In- 
diana when  it  most  needed  strength  and 
support,  his  untiring  efforts  for  the  bet- 
terment of  his  fellow  men  in  philanthropic 
measures,  would  till  an  interesting  volume. 


David  Lovett  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
citizens  of  Indiana,  a  very  successful  busi- 
ness  man  and  widely  known  throughout 
the  southeastern  pail  of  the  State.  lie 
was  the  founder  of  the  Citizens'  National 
Bank,  of  Greensburg,  and  presided  over 
its  destinies  until  his  death,  in  1  892,  at  the 
ripe  old  age  of  eighty-three.  He  had  car- 
ried tbe  bank  through  every  panic  from 
that  of  is;,!  without  the  loss  of  a  dollar 
to  depositors,  and  the  credit  of  his  hank- 
was  a  monument  to  his  integrity  and  good 
judgment.  He  married  Miss  Hannah 
Wood,  a  daughter  of  .John  Wood,  one  of 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  the  State.  Their 
son,  John  Wood  Lovett,  was  horn  near 
Greensburg.  September  l>i\  1  s  4  7 .  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
Greensburg.  but  his  course  was  early  in- 
terrupted by  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil 
War.  He  was  but  fifteen  years  old  when 
the  call  for  troops  came,  but  he  enlisted 
in  the  L34th  Indiana  and  served  with  it 
through  tlie  war.  Upon  his  return,  in 
1865,  lie  entered  Asbury  University  and 
graduated  in  1869. 

During  his  course  in  college  he  ac- 
quired a  reputation  as  an  orator  of  great 
ability  and  delivered  the  junior  oration 
in  1868,  acquitting  himself  so  well  that 
he  received  a  remarkably  complimentary 
note  from  Senator  Henry  S.  Lane,  who 
was  in  the  audience.  At  the  close  of  his 
college  course  he  began  newspaper  work 
in  Indianapolis,  as  the  staff  correspondent 
of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  and  here  he 
displayed  marked  ability  as  a  journalist. 
Newspaper  correspondence  then  was  a 
very  different  thing  from  what  it  is  now. 
The  Gazette  was  the  Bible  of  the  Repub- 
licans of  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  Mr.  Lovett's 
letters  were  confined  to  political  reviews 
of  a  quasi- editorial  nature,  and  they  dis- 
played not  only  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  situation,  but  cool  judgment  and  a 
broad  grasp  of  the  drift  of  events.  After 
two  years  of  this  work.  Mr.  Lovett 
accepted    a    Government   appointment   in 


.",1 1 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Washington,  ;ui<l  wliile  there  attended 
the  law  lectures  of  the  Georgetown  Uni- 
versity, graduating  in  L872.  He  resigned 
his  office  and  returned  to  Indiana,  and 
was  married  in  1872  to  Miss  Ella  Cum 
hack,  daughter  of  Hon.  Will  Cumback 
then  one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  in 
the  Republican  party  of  Indiana,  and 
later  Lieutenant-Governor. 

The  following  year  Mr.  Lovett  formed 
a  partnership  with  Judge  Milton  S.  Robin- 
son, which  continued  until  Judge  Robinson 
was  appointed  to  a  place  on  the  Appellate 
bench.  He  has  continued  the  practice  of 
law  ever  since,  and  is  now  the  senior 
member  of  Lovett  &  Holloway,  of  Ander- 
son, one  of  the  best  known  law  firms  in 
the  State.  He  has  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful in  the  practice  of  law.  preparing 
his  cases  with  conscientious  care  and  in- 
dustry and  displaying  remarkable  ability 
as  an  advocate.  Upon  the  discovery  of 
natural  gas,  Mr.  Lovett  at  once  saw  the 
great  possibilities  that  it  opened  up  for 
Anderson  and  that  whole  section  of  the 
State.  He  devoted  much  of  his  accumu- 
lations and  much  of  his  time  and  energy 
to  the  development  of  the  city,  bringing 
in  new  industries,  and  to  platting  new  ad- 
ditions. His  investments  were  made  with 
sound  judgment,  and  he  has  profited  from 
the  development  of  the  gas  belt.  One  of 
the  handsomest  business  buildings  in  An- 
derson is  the  Lovett  building,  at  Eighth 
and  .Main  streets,  and  among  others  of  his 
properties  are  the  Anderson  Hotel,  the 
Robinson  &  Lovett  block,  the  Iron  block, 
and  the  Madison  building.  In  addition 
to  his  large  real  estate  holdings  he  is  a 
stockholder  and  director  in  a  number  of 
prosperous  manufacturing  concerns. 

It  was  the  most  natural  thing  in  the 
world  that  a  boy.  whose  patriotism  im- 
pelled him  to  enlist  in  the  war  at  the  tender 
age  of  fifteen  years,  should  be  an  ardent 
Republican,  and  Mr.  Lovett  has  devoted 
ability  and  money  to  the  cause  of  Repub- 
licanism  ever  since  he  started  out  in  life. 


In  L890  he  was  the  candidate  for  the 
party  for  Attorney-General,  and  made  a 
vigorous  and  active  campaign,  but  it  was 
the  year  of  a  Democratic  landslide,  and 
he  met  defeat  with  his  party,  though  he 
led  the  ticket  by  more  than  a  thousand 
votes.  His  services  are  always  in  de- 
mand, not  only  in  Indiana,  but  in  a  num- 
ber of  other  States,  when  the  campaign  is 
on.  and  his  persuasive  logic  is  always 
worth  thousands  of  votes  to  his  party. 


HAROLD  C.    MEGREW. 

Majok  Harold  C.  Megrew,  though 
more  prominent  in  military  circles  than  in 
politics,  has  long  been  one  of  the  influen- 
tial younger  Republicans  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Megrew  was  born  in  Indianapolis. 
March  H',.  L859,  the  son  of  Willis  H.  and 
Elizabeth  Carr  Megrew.  His  ancestry 
came  from  Ireland  and  Scotland.  He  was 
educated  at  Howard's  Military  Institute  of 
Maryland,  and  after  graduation  was  one 
of  the  proprietors  and  editor  of  a  weekly 
paper,  called  the  Weekly  (!u/<l<<.  While 
the  paper  was  yet  very  young  it  was 
burned  out  and  its  existence  ended.  Mr. 
Megrew  studied  law,  but  preferred  the 
more  active  life  of  a  man  of  business  and 
served  for  many  years  as  manager  of  the 
Masonic  Mutual  Insurance  Company.  He 
was  in  the  Government  service,  in  various 
capacities,  for  eight  years.  He  has  been 
very  active  and  popular  in  the  organization 
of  the  Sons  of  Veterans  and  served  in  1899 
as  delegate  at  large  to  the  National  con- 
vention at  Detroit,  and  was  unanimously 
elected  a  constitutional  life  meniher  of  the 
Commandery-in-Chief.  the  highest  honor 
the  order  can  confer.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Loyal  Legion,  and  was  one  of  the 
board  of  officers  of  189S.  By  special  ap- 
pointment he  served  on  the  staff  of  Gov- 
ernor Foraker,  of  ( >hio,  at  the  inauguration 
of  President  Harrison,  and  in  the  same 
way  he  served  on  Governor  Bushnell's 
staff    at    the    inauguration    of    McKinley. 


// 


fMums>- 


316 


HISTORY    OF    THK    RKIMBLK  AN     I'ARTY 


He  served  upon  the  staff  of  Governor 
Mount,  as  Inspector-General  and  Chief 
of  Staff  with  the  rank  of  Colonel.  In  1899 
he    was   elected    a    member   of    the   City 

Council  from  the  sixth  ward.  His  tastes 
have  always  run  very  largely  to  military 
matters,  and  when  the  Hilst  Indiana  Reg- 
iment was  organized  during  the  Spanish 
war  he  was  commissioned  Major  in  its  or- 
ganization. During  almost  a  year  of  serv- 
ice in  the  tropics  he  proved  a  good  soldier 
and  a  very  competent  and  efficient  officer, 
and  helped  very  materially  to  win  the  rep- 
utation that  this  regiment  had  as  the  best 
of  those  on  garrison  service  in  Cuba. 
Major  Megrew  was  court  officer  of  the 
regiment,  and  was  twice  appointed  Presi- 
dent of  the  General  Court  Martial  by 
Division  Commanders  Generals  Hubbard 
and  Barclay.  Major  Megrew  was  married 
in  Wisconsin  in  1892,  and  has  two  children. 
Harold  C.  Megrew,  Jr..  and  Dorothy. 


FRANK  L.  JONES. 

Frank  Leonard  Jones,  who  is  now  so 
ably  serving  the  State  as  Superintendent 
of  Puhlic  Instruction,  was  horn  February 
:.'■">.  L872,  in  Howard  county,  this  State. 
His  father.  John  H.  Jones,  was  a  farmer 
and  nurseryman  in  comfortable  circum- 
stances, whose  ancestors  had  originally 
come  from  Wales,  migrating  to  North 
Carolina  and  thence  to  Indiana.  His  ma- 
ternal ancestors  were  originally  from  Ger- 
many, hut  had  migrated  to  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia  and  thence  to  this  State.  The 
boy  was  precocious  and  unusually  ambi- 
tious to  obtain  a  thorough  education. 
While  attending  the  common  school  he 
worked  on  the  farm  and  earned  money 
enough  to  start  to  college  when  hut  fif- 
teen years  of  age.  He  began  teaching  at 
sixteen,  and  attending  during  vacations 
the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School. 
He  finally  accumulated  enough  money  to 
carry  him  through  Butler  University,  and 
later  took  a  special   course  at  the  Chicago 


University  and  the  Indiana  University. 
He  taught  in  the  Kokomo  High  School 
and  went  from  there  to  he  principal  of  the 
Noblesville  High  School.  Thence  he  came 
to  Indianapolis  as  a  teacher  in  the  Indus- 
trial Training  School,  and  was  later 
Superintendent  of  the  Tipton  city  schools. 
In  1  sul'  he  was  married  to  Miss  Gypsy  L. 
Lillard,  at  Kokomo.  and  they  have  one 
child.  In  1898  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
nomination  for  Superintendent  of  Instruc- 
tion, and  though  he  did  not  exert  him- 
self much  in  the  canvass,  his  excellent 
record  as  a  teacher  brought  him  the  nomi- 
nation. He  was  elected  with  the  ticket, 
ami  his  able  administration  of  the  office 
has  nmre  than  justified  his  selection. 


LINCOLN   H.   BEYERLE. 

Lincoln  Hamlin  Beyerle.  proprietor 
of  the  Goshen  Daily  Times,  is  one  of  the 
best  known  Republicans  of  Northern  In- 
diana. His  services  on  county  and  Stale 
committees  have  been  valuable  and  effi- 
cient, and  the  same  is  true  of  his  career  as 
a  puhlic  official. 

Mr.  Beyerle  was  horn  at  Syracuse.  In- 
diana. May  14.  1860.  His  ancestors  were 
of  German  descent,  his  grandparents  com- 
ing originally  from  Landau.  Bavaria. 
His  father.  Doctor  H.  J.  Beyerle.  now  re- 
tired in  Goshen,  emigrated  to  Indiana 
from  Pennsylvania,  finally  removing  to 
Goshen,  where  young  Beyerle  attended 
the  public  schools.  His  education  was 
completed  by  a  short  term  at  Earlham 
College,  and  the  young  man  began  his 
struggles  tor  a  livelihood,  reading  law  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  H.  D.  Wilson,  in 
Goshen.  After  an  experience  of  a  year  at 
reading  law.  he  concluded  that  that  pro- 
fession was  too  slow  for  his  youthful 
blood,  and  removed  to  Chicago.  He  se- 
cured a  position  as  shorthand  writer  for 
an  insurance  office  in  that  city,  and  later 
advanced  into  good  positions  with  manu- 
facturers at   Moline.    Illinois.   Dixon,  llli- 


r^S  . 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


317 


nois.  and  Racine,  Wisconsin.  Having  ac- 
quired some  little  capital  by  this  time,  he 
returned  to  Indiana,  bought  the  Pierceton 
Independent,  and  converted  it  into  a  Re- 
publican paper.  Later  he  bought  an  in- 
terest in  the  Goshen  Times,  starting  a 
daily  edition,  and  is  now  the  sole  owner  of 
that  paper. 

Mr.  Beyerle  served  as  Postmaster  of 
Goshen  under  the  Harrison  administration, 
and  so  efficiently  were  hisduties  performed 
that  he  was  one  of  the  seven  Postmasters 
called  to  Washington  to  perfect  a  system 
of  county  seat  visitation.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  Elkhart  county  Republican 
central  committee  in  the  campaign  of 
IS94,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  ad- 
visory committee  during  the  campaigns  of 
1894  and  1896.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Indiana  Consistory.  S.  I".  R.  S..  32nd  de- 
gree, and  was  married,  in  L881,  at  Pierce- 
ton, to  Miss  Delia  M.  Ryerson,  and  has 
two  daughters.  Misses  Irene  L.  and  Nellie 
E.,  and  one  son.  Henry  J..  Jr. 


JACOB  J.   TODD. 

Jacob  J.  Todd,  who  has  been  one  of 
the  representative  members  of  the  bar  at 
Wells  county,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  Re- 
publicans of  Northeastern  Indiana,  earned 
Ins  prominence  not  by  any  sudden  stroke 
of  fortune,  but  as  the  reward  of  thorough- 
going ability,  steady  industry  and  native 
force  of  character. 

Jacob  Jefferson  Todd  was  born  in 
Beaver  county.  Pennsylvania,  March  12, 
1  S4:>.  the  seventh  child  of  Jacob  and  Jane 
Thomas  Todd.  His  father  was  a  farmer 
in  comfortable  circumstances  and  the 
family  migrated  to  Indiana  in  L851,  locat- 
ing in  Wells  county.  The  young  man 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools,  Roan- 
oke Seminary  and  Fort  Wayne  College. 
During  the  following  five  winters  he 
taught  in  the  district  schools.  In  August 
of   L861  he  eidisted  in  Company   A  of  the 


34th  Indiana,  but  was  rejected  on  account 
of  ill  health.  In  April.  1864,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  D.  137th  Indiana  Infantry, 
and  served  at  Tullahoma,  Duck  River 
Bridge,  Tenn.  In  March,  L865,  he  was 
appointed  Assessor  of  his  township,  and 
held  the  position  for  one  year.  He  began 
the  study  of  law  in  April.  1865,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  chosen 
profession  in  January,  L868,  at  Bluffton, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  has  a 
large  clientage  and  a  successful  practice. 
He  is  at  present  associated  in  business 
with  his  son.  Nelson  K.  Todd.  In  1867  he 
served  as  Deputy  Revenue  Collector  of 
Wells  county,  and  in  March,  L868,  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  corporation  of  Bluffton. 
serving  as  such  for  one  year.  He  is  well 
known  in  .Masonic  circles.  He  was  made 
a  Mason  in  April,  1864,  and  has  been 
Worshipful  Master  of  his  Dodge  and  High 
Priest  of  his  Chapter  ;  is  a  32d  degree 
member  of  the  A.  A.  Scottish  Rite  class 
of  March,  1881  ;  was  first  Eminent  Com- 
mander of  Bluffton  Commandery  Knights 
Templar  ;  was  Grand  Patron  of  the  Grand 
Chapter.  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  in 
1884-5,  and  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Masons  in  1890-1.  He  is  a 
charter  member  of  Dew  Dailev  Dost.  No. 
33,  G.  A.  R.,  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Encampmenl  at  Detroit  in  1891, 
and   is  a    Dast     Tost   Commander.     Since 

boyh 1    he   has  been    a    member   of  the 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  been  an 
officer  of  the  church,  either  as  Trustee. 
Sunday  School  Superintendent  or  Steward, 
and  was  one  of  the  lay  delegates  to  the 
General  Conference  in  May.  1884,  at 
Philadelphia,  Da.  In  politics  .Mr  Todd 
has  been  identified  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  was  appointed  alternate  dele- 
gate  to  the  National  convention  at  Phila- 
delphia, in  June.  1872,  and  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  convention  at  Chicago, 
which,    in    1880,    nominated    Garfield  and 


118 


HISTOKY    OF    THE    REPt'BUCAN    I'AKTY 


Arthur.  In  lss''>  he  was  favorably  men- 
tioned as  a  candidate  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Indiana,  bui  did  not  allow 
his  name  to  be  brought  before  the  conven- 
tion. President  Harrison,  in  May,  1890, 
tendered  him  the  appointment  of  Town- 
site  Commissioner  of  Oklahoma  Territory, 
which  he  declined.  In  February,  L890, 
he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Alvin  P.  Hovey, 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
to  construe!  and  furnish  the  Asylums  for 
the  Insane  at  Logansport,  Richmond  and 
Evansville,  and  served  as  such  until  the 
work  was  completed.  In  October,  1890, 
President  Harrison  tendered  him  the 
appointment  of  Commissioner  to  allot 
lands  in  severalty  to  the  Indians  in  Puyal- 
hip  Reservation  in  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton, hut  on  accountof  other  engagements 
he  was  obliged   to  decline.      He  has  been 


connected  with  the  militia  of  the  State 
since  1889,  and  has  for  four  years  served 
as  Quartermaster  of  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
I.  1.  L.  He  was  a  member  of  the  staff  of 
Governor  Chase  with  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. In  June.  1894.  he  was 
nominated  for  Judge  of  the  twenty-eighth 
judicial  circuit,  composed  of  Blackford 
and  Wells  counties,  but  was  defeated  in  a 
strong  Democratic  district  by  only  fifty-six 
votes.  In  L 896  he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
nomination  of  Governor  before  the  Repub- 
lican State  convention. 

Mr.  Todd  has  always  been  at  the  front 
to  advocate  all  measures  which  might  add 
to  the  prosperity,  morality  and  intellectual 
advancement  of  the  community.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  securing  the  necessary 
encouragement  and  aid  in  building  the  Ft. 
Wayne.  Cincinnati  &  Louisville,  and  the 
Toledo.  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  railroads 
through  Wells  county.  Mr.  Todd  was  first 
married  April  17.  1866,  to  Miss  Rachel  J., 
daughter  of  the  late  Nelson  Kellogg,  of 
Bluffton.  By  this  marriage  he  has  one 
son,  Nelson  K.  Todd,  who  married  Miss 
Jeannette,  daughter  of  Capt.  R.  D.  Pat- 
terson, of  Decatur.  Ind.  He  is  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  practice  of  law. 
August  22,  1876,  Mr.  Todd  was  married 
to  Mrs  Mary  J.  Klinck.  widow  of  Dwight 
Klinck.  deceased.  Mrs.  Todd  is  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  John  and  Rebecca  (Angel) 
Studahaker.  of  Bluffton.  She  is  the 
mother  of  four  daughters  by  her  first 
marriage:  Maggie,  who  married  I).  A. 
Walmer.  and  died  leaving  one  child,  Mag- 
gie Klinck  Walmer:  Bessie,  who  married 
James  W.  B.  Sale,  and  died  leaving  one 
child.  Bessie  Klinck  Sale;  Lucy,  now  Mrs. 
Chester  Thorp,  and  Mattie.  now  Mrs.  Lus- 
ter E.  Polish  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Todd's  family 
now  consists  of  their  daughter,  Mary. 
their  son.  Ralph  Studahaker.  and  their 
granddaughter,    Maggie  Klinck  Walmer. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


319 


JOHN  B.   CONNER, 

John  Byrd  Conner,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  Jennings  county,  April 
28,  1831,  on  his  father's  farm,  near  Vernon. 
Willoughby  Conner,  his  father,  was  a 
native  of  Prince  William  county.  \'a..  but 
while  a  young  man  came  to  Ohio,  and 
was  a  resident  of  Cincinnati  when  it  was 
but  a  small  village,  having  many  of  the 
first  log  cabins  of  the  early  settlers.  He 
married  Miss  Rachel  Johnson,  of  Clinton 
county.  Ohio,  and  in  1820  entered  and 
bought  Government  land,  where  he  made 
a  farm,  in  Jennings  county,  Indiana. 
Phillip  Conner,  the  father  of  Willoughby 
Conner,  came  from  England  to  this  country 
at  about  fifteen  years  of  age.  in  the  days 
of  the  Revolutionary  War.  and  joined  the 
armies  of  General  Washington,  and.  after 
the  war,  settled  near  the  Potomac  river, 
in  Prince  William  county,  Va.  Hat- 
ing the  institution  of  slavery,  he  removed 
to  Kentucky,  and  afterward  to  <  >hio. 

John  Byrd  Conner  received  his  early 
education  at  the  district  log  schoolhouse, 
located  two  miles  from  his  father's  farm. 
where  he  attended  during  the  winter 
months,  there  being  hut  three  months  of 
such  schoolsper  year  in  those  days.  Sub- 
sequently he  took  a  short  course  at  the 
Vernon  Seminary,  the  high  school  of  the 
times,  and  so  grew  up  on  the  farm.  He 
was  a  resident  of  Madison.  Indiana,  at  the 
time  the  old  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railway  was  completed  to  Indianapolis. 
In  1855,  he  and  a  younger  brother  bought 
I  lie  I  ernon  Banner  which  had  been  estab- 
lished many  years  before.  As  editor  of 
that  paper,  he  warmly  advocated  the  elec- 
tion of  John  C.  Fremont,  in  the  political 
campaign  of  L856,  having  inherited  hatred 
of  the  institution  of  slavery  from  his 
father,  who  was  a  Henry  Clay  Whig. 
Jennings  bad  heen  a  strong  Whig  county, 
and  the  nomination  of  Filmore  for  Presi- 
dent, a  few  weeks  before  the  organization 
of   the    Republican  party,  and   Fremont's 


^/^crrT^. 


nomination  caused  pretty  nearly  the  down- 
fall of  the  Vernon  Banner  which  refused 
to  support  the  old  Whig  nominee.  The 
leading  Whigs  of  the  county  were  about 
to  establish  a  new  paper  in  the  support  of 
Filmore  for  President.  Mr.  Conner  plead 
with  them  to  wait  till  the  Fremont  con- 
vention met  :  that  they  would  see  their 
mistake  :  that  the  slave  interests  of  the 
South  dominated  the  old  Whig  pally  and 
dictated  the  nomination  of  Filmore  for 
President;  that  the  time  had  come  when 
the  further  domination  of  slavery  and  its 
extension  must  cease.  And  so.  after  Fre- 
mont's nomination,  the  Whigs  of  Jennings 
county  fell  into  line  and  supported  his  nom- 
ination, and  the  Vernon  Banner  had  no 
Whig  opposition.  Mi-.  Conner  saw  some 
service  during  this  period  on  what  was 
called  the  "Underground  Railroad, " which 
pointed  to  the  north  star  and  Canada  for 
many  a  poor  black  man  escaping  from  slav- 
ery south  of  the  I  »hio  river.  As  editor  of 
the  Banner  he  strongly  advocated  the  elec- 
tion of  Lincoln,  in  LS00,  and  had  the  year 
before  heen  elected    Recorder  of   his  native 


320 


HISTORY     UK    T1IK    KKIT  HI .](' A  N     I'AKTY 


county.      In  1862,  during  the  dark  days  of 

t  he  war  for  tin i  Union,  he  resigned  the  office 
of  (  'i  unity  Recorder,  and  helped  to  recruit  a 
company  for  the  three  years' reorganiza- 
tion (if  the  1-th  Indiana  Regiment  and 
became  First  Lieutenant  (if  Company  A. 
and  subsequently  its  Captain.  He  was  at 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  in  the  battle  of 
Missionary  Ridge,  at  Chattanooga,  his  reg- 
iment being  a  part  of  Sherman's  15th  corps. 

In  lsTs  Captain  Conner  was  elected  a 
Representative  of  Marion  county,  and 
served  in  the  House  during  the  regular 
and  special  sessions  of  L879.  It  was  his 
hill,  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  year,  which  created  the  Indiana  Bu- 
reau of  Statistics,  of  which  he  served  as 
Chief  during  1881  and  L882.  He  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Mount  as  Chief  of 
the  Bureau,  in  ls'.»7.  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
was  nominated  for  the  head  of  the  Bureau 
by  acclamation,  by  the  Republican  State 
convention  of  1898,  and  was  elected 
by  nearly  20,000  plurality,  and  is  now 
serving  as  head  of  that  department. 

Captain  Conner  was  married  to  Miss 
Ann  Marie  Weidman,  of  Cincinnati,  in 
L852.  He  has  resided  in  Indianapolis  for 
about  twenty-five  years.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  his  service  in  the  army  for  the 
Union,  and  two  or  three  years  on  a  farm 
in  Northwestern  Indiana,  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  State  press  since  L855,  and 
is  still  the  president  of  the  Indiana  Farmer 
Company. 


THOMAS   II.  ADAMS. 
Thomas  H.  Adams,  of  Vincennes,  is  a 

tine  example  of  American  manhood  and 
that  perseverance  and  grit  which  over- 
comes all  obstacles  and  wins  its  way  to  in- 
dependence and  honor.  Endowed  in  the 
beginning  with  brains,  force  of  character 
and  the  courage  of  his  convictions,  he  has. 
while  still  young,  attained  an  enviable 
position  (il  commanding  influence,  not 
only   in    his  community,   hut    throughout 

tile   State. 


Thomas  Henry  Adams  was  horn  July 
l'.i.  I860,  at  Grand  Rapids,  a  little  hamlet 
on  the  Auglaize  river,  in  Paulding  county. 
Ohio.  His  father.  Josiah  Adams,  the  son 
of  an  English  farmer  (who  had  been 
taught  the  trade  of  a  saddler),  early  devel- 
oped such  religious  fervor  that  he  was  or- 
dained a  minister  in  the  Methodist  Church. 
In  L850  he  married  Elizabeth  Wykes, 
daughter  of  James  Wykes.  a  squire  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  they  emigrated  to 
America.  In  1865  Rev.  Adams  died  in 
the  service  of  the  Northern  Ohio  Confer- 
ence of  the  Methodist  Church  at  Edgerton, 
Ohio,  leaving  his  widow  poor  in  this 
world's  goods,  hut  rich  in  faith  and  in 
ambition  for  the  future  of  her  hoy.  She 
succeeded  in  sending  him  through  a 
country  high  school  at  Elmore,  <  >hio  :  later 
he  entered  the  Wesleyan  University,  hut 
straightened  circumstances  soon  forced 
him  to  leave  school  to  provide  for  himself. 

The  hoy  first  earned  his  own  livelihood 
working  in  a  factory,  and  subsequently 
learned  the  printer's  trade.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  undertook  the  publication  of  a 
small  weekly  at  Edwardsport,  Indiana. 
Then  he  moved  to  Lancaster.  Ohio,  and 
published  the  Lancaster  Free  Press  and 
Republican.  Here  he  was  again  success- 
ful, and  in  1881  he  purchased  the  Vin- 
cennes Commercial,  and  has  since  made 
Vincennes  his  permanent  abode.  The 
paper  was  a  weekly,  hut  he  soon  changed 
it  to  a  daily,  with  weekly  and  Sunday 
editions.  His  energy,  aggressiveness  and 
able  management  in  a  short  time  made 
the  Commercial  a  strong  and  influential 
paper,  and  for  years  it  has  stood  as  one  of 
the  model  newspaper  properties  of  the 
State.  Later  he  turned  his  attention  to 
the  tield  of  magazine  work  and  began  the 
publication  of  the  Ladies'  I<lt<</  Magazine, 
which  enterprise  he  has  made  both  success- 
ful and  profitable.  With  good  judgment 
and  rare  discernment  he  has  invested 
advantageously      in     several     mercantile. 


! 


OF   THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


32] 


manufacturing  and  mining  enterprises, 
and  to-day  may  count  success  as  fairly  won. 

In  October,  1879,  Mr.  Adams  married 
Miss  Irene  Willis,  daughter  of  J.  Thorn- 
ton Willis  and  granddaughter  of  Major 
Clark  Willis,  and  they  have  two  interest- 
ing children,  a  bright  young  man  of 
eighteen  and  a  daughter  fourteen  years  <  >ld. 

As  an  ardent  Republican  and  publisher 
of  one  of  the  most  influential  Republican 
newspapers  of  the  State,  Mr.  Adams  has 
naturally  taken  a  leading  pari  in  political 
affairs.  He  lias  been  connected  with  the 
Knox  county  committees  in  various  capaci- 
ties for  a  number  of  years  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  State  committee  from 
the  second  district  in  the  years  L888  to 
L890,  and  as  a  member  of  the  State  ad- 
visory committee  in  1896  and  L898.  He 
has  usually  led  the  Knox  county  delega- 
tion in  State  conventions  and  has  been 
prominent  in  the  conventions  of  the  sec- 
ond district.  Though  he  had  not  sought 
office,  and  had  always  refused  to  he  a  can- 
didate, preferring  rather  to  work  for  and 
support  others,  in  L899  he  yielded  to  his 
friends'  demands  and  accepted  his  first 
public  office,  when  President  McKinley 
appointed   him   Postmaster  of  Vmcennes. 

Aside  from  his  business  and  political 
activities.  Mr.  Adams  has  found  time  to 
promote  the  civilizing  influences  of  his 
community.  He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Yin- 
cennes  University  and  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  and  is  an  active  and  valued  mem- 
ber of  various  local  clubs  and  societies. 


L.  P.  NEW  BY. 

The  administration  of  General  Harri- 
son marked  the  outgoing  of  many  of  the 
older  leaders  of  the  party  of  the  State  and 
the  incoming  of  a  new  generation  of  Re- 
publican leaders.  1'romincnt  among  these 
was  Senator  L.  P.  Newby,  of  Knights- 
town,  and  during  the  past  decide  none 
have  been  more  prominent  in  the  councils 
of  the  party  than  he. 


Leonidas  P.  Newby  was  horn  on  a  farm 
near  Lewisville.  Indiana.  April  9,  fs.">r>. 
the  fifth  child  of  a  family  of  seven.  His 
father  had  removed  to  Greensboro,  this 
State,  from  North  Carolina,  eighteen 
years  before,  and  engaged  in  the  merchant 
tailoring  business.  When  the  child  was 
hut  twelve  the  father  failed  in  business, 
and  he  was  compelled  to  earn  his  own 
livelihood.  He  continued  ;it  school,  earn- 
ing enough  to  board  and  clothe  himself 
by  acting  as  janitor  of  the  school  building, 
helping  out  his  slender  store  by  working 
on  a  farm  during  the  summer.  At  six- 
teen he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Knightstown.  where  he  alternately  at- 
tended and  taught  school  until  he  grad- 
uated from  the  Knightstown  High  School 
in  L875.  After  graduation  he  studied  for 
two  years  under  Professor  Hewitt,  devot- 
ing three  hours  a  day  to  study  and  three 
hours  to  assisting  the  Superintendent.  In 
the  meantime,  however,  he  had  taken  up 
tin'  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Butler  & 
Swaim,  and  there  put  in  all  the  time  he 
had  out  of  school  hours.  In  1*75  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  J.  Lee  Ferguson, 
remaining  there  until  1*77.  January  1. 
ls7s.  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with 
Walter  B.  Swaim.  and  they  practiced  to- 
gether a  year,  since  which  time  Mr. 
Newby  has  practiced  alone. 

In  L8S0  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  At- 
torney for  the  eighteenth  judicial  circuit, 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Henry  and 
Hancock,  an  office  which  he  held  for 
nearly  four  years.  One  of  his  first  law 
cases  was  the  famous  Foxwell  murder 
case  at  Rushville,  where  he  appeared  for 
the  defendant.  It  won  him  his  spurs  as  a 
lawyer,  and  the  ability  he  there  displayed 
gave  him  no  little  reputation.  In  1886 
he  was  the  leading  counsel  in  the  cele- 
brated Anderson  murder  case  at  Wil- 
liamston.  Kentucky.  There  he  met  the 
greatest  lawyers  at  the  Kentucky  bar,  and 
his  closing  argument  made  him  famous 
throughout  the  blue  crrass  State.      He  has 


21 


3l"2 


BISTORT    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    l'AKTY 


been  engaged  since  that  time  in  many  of 
the  important  legal  controversies  of  In- 
diana and  neighboring  States,  and  his 
reputation  as  a  lawyer  has  grown  from 
the  first.  In  L892  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  running  207  ahead  of  the 
Presidential  ticket  in  his  district.  In  the 
Senate  he  showed  himself  a  ready  and 
logical  talker,  and  was  soon  recognized  as 
the  leader  of  the  Republican  side  at  the 
close  of  the  session,  and  was  the  Repub- 
lican nominee  for  President  of  the  Senate 
for  the  succeeding  two  years.  During  the 
session  of  1895  he  was  the  chairman  of 
the  judiciary  committee  of  the  Senate. 
president  pro  tern,  of  that  body  and  presi- 
dent of  the  joint  Republican  caucus  of  the 
two  houses.  He  had  charge  of  most  of 
the  political  legislation,  and  that  session 
he  was  the  leading  figure  in  the  Senate. 
In  1896  he  was  renominated  by  acclama- 
tion and  ran  about  four  hundred  ahead  of 
the  Presidential  ticket  in  his  district. 
During  the  sessions  of  1897  and  L899,  he 
was  again  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee, and  very  prominent  in  the  work 
of  the  Senate.  Outside  of  the  Senate  he 
participated  actively  in  the  politics  of  the 
State.  In  1894  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  executive  committee,  and  has  since 
been  prominent  among  the  advisers  of  the 
State  committee. 

Senator  Newby's  varied  activities  have 
not  heen  confined  to  the  law  and  politics. 
As  a  man  of  affairs  he  has  heen  fully  as 
successful  as  in  the  other  walks  of  life. 
He  is  president  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Kuightstown.  president  of  the  .Natural 
Gas  Company,  treasurer  of  the  Electric 
Light  Company,  and  of  the  Conserve 
Company,  of  Kuightstown.  the  Hoosier 
Coal  Company,  of  Linden,  all  of  them 
enterprises  of  considerable  capital. 

In  1^7  7  Mr.  Newby  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  Breckenridge,  daughter  of 
Robert     B.    and    Julia     Breckenridge,    of 


Kuightstown.  They  have  two  children. 
Senator  Newby  has  a  beautiful  home  at 
Knightstown,  where  culture  and  refine- 
ment are  in  evidence  on  every  hand. 


PETER   F.  POIRSON. 

Petek  F.  Poiksun,  a  highly  respected 
citizen  of  Ft.  Wayne,  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  influential  Republicans  of 
the  twelfth  district.  He  is  a  man  who 
has  obtained  all  he  possesses  in  worldly 
goods  and  position  by  hard  effort  and 
persistent  diligence.  At  the  present  time 
he  is  a  successful  real  estate  and  loan 
broker. 

Peter  Felix  P(  >irson  was  horn  December 
7th.  1863,  in  Allen  County.  Indiana,  and 
is  of  pure  French  descent.  ( >n  his  father's 
side  his  grandfather  was  Bernard  Poirsou, 
of  Foux.  France.  On  his  mother's  side 
he  is  descended  from  Napoleon  Nicholas 
Pevert,  of  Chavois,  France.  Bernard 
Poirson  and  family  emigrated  from  France 
to  this  country  in  1830,  landing  in  Buffalo. 
New  York,  where  a  son.  Charles  F.  Poir- 
son. father  of  Peter  F.,  was  horn.  The 
family  removed  to  Washington  township, 
Allen  county.  Indiana,  in  1832,  settling 
on  a  farm  three  and  a  half  miles  north 
of  Fort  Wayne,  which  afterward  became 
very  popular  with  travelers  of  that  period 
and  was  known  as  "  French  Mary's  Tav- 
ern." a  favorite  resting  place.  Nicholas 
Pevert  emigrated  from  Chavois.  France, 
to  Ahoit  township.  Allen  county,  in  1846, 
and  Charles  Felix  Poirson  and  Eugena 
Margaret  Pevert.  daughter  of  Nicholas 
Pevert,  were  married  in  1854.  To  them 
were  horn  six  children,  of  whom  Peter  F. 
was  the  fifth. 

Mr.  Poirson  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools.  At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen he  became  unable  to  work  on  his 
lather's  farm  through  sickness  and  started 
a  general  store  at  Wallen,  Indiana,  in 
l^s".      Later,   in    1S82,   he  removed  from 


f^~  £7-  Ls  tf~~vui^%^^ 


324 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTI 


Wallen  to  Areola,  Indiana,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  tlic  same  business  for  about  two 
years.      In  1884  he  disposed  of  his  business 

in  Areola  and  accepted  a  position  as  travel- 
ing salesman  for  the  Summit  City  Soap 
CompanyofFt.  Wayne,  resigning  in  1886 
to  accept  a  position  with  Capt.  James  B. 
White,  who  was  later  a  member  of  Con- 
gress, in  what  is  commonly  known  as 
the  White  Fruit  House.  He  remained 
with  Capt.  White  until  1889,  when  he 
obtained  a  position  in  the  Ft.  Wayne  post- 
office  under  the  Harrison  administration. 
In  September,  L893,  he  entered  the  real 
estate  and  loan  business,  in  which  he  has 
been  successfully  engaged  since,  taking  a 
prominent  part  in  husiness  and  political 
affairs. 

Mr.  Poirson  has  ever  been  a  thorough 
worker  in  the  Republican  ranks.  In  1886 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  that 
nominated  Captain  James  B.  White,  who 
was  afterwards  elected  after  an  exciting 
contest,  for  Congressman  from  the  twelfth 
district.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  State 
convention  that  nominated  Gov.  Hovey 
in  1888,  and  has  attended  numerous 
county,  city  and  township  conventions. 
In  1896  he  was  appointed  on  the  county 
finance  committee  and  in  1898  was  one  of 
the  county  executive  hoard. 

on  May  :'..  lsiis,  Mr.  Poirson  was 
elected  to  the  City  Council  of  Ft.  Wayne, 
Indiana,  where  he  lias  served  the  city  with 
great  credit,  introducing  several  of  the 
most  beneficial  laws  thus  far  passed  during 
his  term.  Nothing  shows  Mr.  Poirson's 
popularity  and  the  confidence  the  people 
have  in  him  better  than  this  election. 
The  second  ward,  from  which  he  was 
elected,  has  usually  a  Democratic  majority 
of  about  350,  but  Mr.  Poirson  carried  the 
ward  over  his  opponent  by  l'7  votes.  The 
ward  is  located  in  the  center  of  the  city 
and  represents  the  business  portion  of  Ft. 
Wayne.  In  the  council  he  is  a  member 
of  the  finance  and  several  other  important 
committees. 


In  1899  he  was  instrumental  in  secur- 
ing the  passage  through  the  State  legisla- 
ture of  a  law  in  reference  to  street  im- 
provements, securing  to  the  people  the 
right  to  designate  the  kind  of  material 
they  desire  to  have  on  their  streets,  and 
also  providing  for  competitive  bids  on  the 
different  kinds  of  material. 

Mr.  Poirson  was  a  member  of  the 
Lincoln  Club,  organized  at  Wallen. 
Indiana,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Morton 
Club,  of  Ft.  Wayne.  In  1896  he  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  Soldiers' Sons' 
and  Citizens'  Republican  Club,  of  Ft. 
Wayne,  and  in  L897  was  elected  president. 
serving  until  1899.  He  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  as  shairman  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Tippecanoe  Club  of 
Ft.  Wayne,  one  of  the  most  influential 
Republican  chilis  in  the  county. 


JAMFS  R.  HENRY. 

James  Robert  Henry  was  horn  in 
Cleveland,  Tennessee,  November  _i'.  1844, 
the  sou  of  James  M.  and  Zina  Henry. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Virginia  and  a 
successful  farmer.  The  young  man  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  village  and  worked  on  the  farm, 
hut  he  felt  in  him  early  the  stirring  of  a 
destiny  that  called  him  to  a  higher  and 
broader  field  in  the  affairs  of  men.  He 
clerked  in  a  common  store  until  he  could 
save  money  enough  to  go  to  Chicago,  and 
there  he  entered  a  husiness  college,  where 
he  fully  posted  himself  upon  theories  of 
husiness.  He  helieved  that  the  North 
offered  a  better  field  for  his  genius  and 
activities  than  the  South,  and  located  at 
Gosport,  Indiana.  He  had  scarcely  got 
settled  when  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
broke  out.  and  he  promptly  enlisted  with 
tlie  Union  troops.  He  saw  hard  service 
tor  four  years  and  a  half,  part  of  the 
lime  with  the  Twenty-first  Indiana  In- 
fantry and  the  rest  with  the  First  Heavy 
Artillery.      He  emerged  with  the  rank  of 


OF   THE   STATE    nF    INDIANA. 


325 


Captain,  having  worked  his  way  up 
through  various  grades  of  gallantry  on 
the  field  of  action.  His  war  record  is 
something  that  Captain  Henry  seldom 
mentions,  hut  few  men  have  served  their 
country  with  more  courage  and  nobility 
than  he. 

Returning  to  Gosport  at  the  end  of  the 
war  he  became  connected  with  the  Gos- 
port  Bank,  a,  connection  that  has  lasted 
for  more  than  thirty  years.  In  time  he 
accumulated  a  considerable  amount  of 
land,  and  still  conducts  a  large  farming 
interest.  President  Harrison  appointed 
him  National  Bank  Examiner  for  the 
State  of  Indiana,  a  position  in  which  he 
served  with  distinguished  ability  for  four 
years. 

At  the  close  of  his  term  as  examiner  he 
helped  to  organize  the  State  Bank  of  In- 
diana, at  Indianapolis,  which  he  still  man- 
ages as  cashier.  The  hank  has  been  a 
success  from  the  start,  and  its  able  and 
conservative  management  have  given  it 
rank  as  one  of  the  most  substantial  finan- 
cial institutions  of  the  State.  He  is  also 
connected  with  the  Riverside  Construction 
Company,  the  Bethany  Assembly,  and 
various  other  enterprises.  In  politics  Cap- 
tain Henry  has  always  been  ;i  patriotic 
Republican.  He  served  four  years  as 
treasurer  of  the  State  central  committee, 
and  during  his  term  the  accounts  of  the 
committee  were  as  clean  and  accurate  as 
those  of  his  bank. 

Captain  Henry  was  married  in  1869  to 
Miss  Laura  Montgomery,  of  Gosport,  In- 
diana. She  died  before  a  child  had  blessed 
their  union. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  State 
Bank  at  Gosport  he  has  made  his  residence 
in  Indianapolis,  where  his  genial  person- 
ality and  broad  culture  have  made  his 
companionship  much  sought.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Columbia,  Country  and 
Marion  Clubs,  and  of  the  Scottish  Rite 
Masons. 


ALBERT  GALLATIN   PORTER. 

Probably  no  man  in  Indiana  has  ever 
had  quite  so  firm  a  hold  upon  the  popular 
heart  as  had  Governor  Porter.  The  story 
of  his  early  struggles  for  knowledge — nay, 
almost  for  existence — and  his  steady  rise 
to  the  highest  rewards  in  the  legal  profes- 
sion and  to  the  highest  political  honors  of 
the  State,  contains  for  the  youth  of  to-day 
a  world  of  instruction  and  a  world  of  hope. 

Albert  Gallatin  Porter  was  a  native  of 
Indiana,  born  in  the  picturesque  old  town 
of  Lawrenceburg,  on  the  (  mio  river.  Here 
his  father,  a  soldier  under  William  Henry 
Harrison,  had  settled  after  the  war  of 
1812,  and  had  married  the  daughter  of 
Moses  Toiisey.  a  farmer  on  the  Kentucky 
side  of  the  river.  He  had  become  cashier 
of  tlie  local  hank  and  recorder  of  Dearborn 
county,  but  was  a  man  oi  modest  means 
and  unable  to  afford  a  thorough  education 
for  the  boy.  However,  by  the  time  Albert 
was  fifteen,  he  had  saved  a  little  sum  of 
money  and  started  to  college  at  Hanover. 
His  slender  capital  soon  gave  out  and  he 
returned  home  discouraged.  At  this  junc- 
ture an  uncle  possessed  of  some  means 
advanced  a  sufficient  sum  of  money  to  see 
him  through,  and  he  entered  Asbury  Uni- 
versity at  Greencastle,  from  which  be 
graduated  in   lS4:->. 

Upon  Leaving  college  he  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Philip  Spooner,  then 
the  most  prominent  lawyer  of  Lawrence- 
lung.  When  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
he  located  in  Indianapolis,  where  his  tine 
ability   and   successful    handling    of    cases 

soon    built    up   for   him  a   g I   practice. 

Without  closing  his  office,  he  acted  for  a 
time  as  a  clerk  in  the  State  Auditor's  office 
and  lor  a  time  as  private  secretary  to 
Governor  Wbitcoinb.  Upon  the  unani- 
mous recommendation  of  the  Judges  lie 
was  appointed  Reporter  of  the  Supreme 
Court  to  till  an  unexpired  term.  He  served 
so  well  that  he  was  nominated  for  the  office 
by  the  Democratic  state  committee  and 
elected  by  a  remarkably  large  majority. 


326 


HISTORY    <>K    THK    RKITBLH'AN    PAR!" 


These  were  times  when  the  slavery 
agitation  was  causing  a  general  breaking 

up  of  party  lines,  and  when  the  pro-slavery 
tendencies  of  the  Democratic  party  became 
too  strung  to  be  resisted  within  the  party 
lines.  Porter,  alongwith  Morton.  Test  and 
many  another  of  the  anti-slavery  Demo- 
crats, cut  away  from  the  old  party  asso- 
ciations and  cast  his  lot  with  the  new 
Republican  party,  making  an  active  cam- 
paign in  1850  in  support  of  Fremont.  In 
1858  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans 
of  the  sixtli  district  for  Congress,  and, 
though  the  party  had  lost  the  district  by 
over  eight  hundred  votes  in  the  Presidential 
election  two  years  before,  he  carried  it  by 
more  than  one  thousand  votes.  The  great 
secret  of  his  popularity,  aside  from  the 
admiration  excited  by  his  eloquence,  his 
high  ability  and  his  sterling  integrity,  lay 
in  his  remarkable  aptitude  in  forming 
personal  acquaintances.  It  was  a  common 
saying  that  if  Porter  ever  got  the  oppor- 
tunity to  shake  hands  with  a  man  and  talk 
with  him  five  minutes  he  won  an  admirer 
and  faithful  follower  for  life.  In  the  Con- 
gressional struggles  just  before  and  during 
the  war  he  took  a  prominent  part,  sup- 
porting vigorously  all  measures  for  the 
prosecution  of  the  war  and  opposing  every 
species  of  compromise  that  was  not  based 
upon  the  unequivocal  acknowledgment  of 
the  supremacy  of  the  Federal  authority. 
In  1860  he  was  renominated  by  acclama- 
tion and  re-elected  by  a  greatly  increased 
majority. 

He  declined  a  renomination  for  a  third 
term,  being  forced  by  necessity  to  return 
to  the  practice  of  law  in  order  to  earn  a 
competency  for  his  family.  For  fourteen 
years  he  gave  his  undivided  attention  to 
the  law,  not  only  amassing  a  very  con- 
siderable fortune  hut  attaining  eminence 
as  one  of  the  four  or  five  greatest  lawyers 
of  Indiana.  lie  was  head  of  the  firm  of 
Porter,  Harrison  &  Fishback,  which  later 
became  Porter,  Harrison  &  Hines.  It  had 
the  greatest  practice  in   Indiana  for  years. 


which  was  largely  built  up  by  Porter's 
great  care  and  ability  in  handling  cases. 

In  1877  he  re-entered  political  life  at 
the  solicitation  of  President  Hayes,  who 
appointed  him  First  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury.  In  this  office,  requiring  the 
highest  order  of  legal  ability  and  personal 
integrity,  he  served  with  distinction  until 
L880.  It  was  in  the  Republican  State 
convention  of  this  year  that  signal  evi- 
dence of  his  wonderful  popularity  was 
given.  Indiana  had  come  to  be  regarded 
as  the  pivotal  State  of  the  Union  and  the 
result  of  her  October  election  for  State 
offices  had  an  almost  incalculable  effect 
upon  the  National  election  a  month  later. 
It  was  so  evenly  divided  politically  that  a 
few  hundred  votes  might  turn  it  one  way 
or  the  other.  Under  these  conditions  each 
of  the  two  great  parties  was  trying  to 
bring  forth  its  strongest  man  to  head  the 
State  ticket.  Porter  had  been  importuned 
by  party  leaders  to  permit  the  use  of  his 
name  up  to  the  very  hour  the  convention 
met,  but  had  declined.  From  Washington 
he  wired  to  the  convention  that  he  could 
not  accept  the  nomination,  but  in  the  face 
of  this  he  was  nominated  by  acclamation 
amid  a  scene  of  remarkable  enthusiasm, 
and  the  convention  sent  the  word  to 
Washington  that  the  Republican  party 
would  elect  him  Governor  whether  he 
would  or  not. 

Such  a  call  could  not  be  declined.  He 
resigned  his  office  and  returned  to  Indiana 
to  conduct  the  most  brilliant  canvass  that 
has  ever  been  known  in  the  State.  And 
its  brilliance  consisted  in  an  amount  of 
detailed  personal  work  that  would  stagger 
the  average  party  leader.  Night  and  day 
tor  months  he  was  speaking  to  crowds 
throughout  Indiana,  and  during  the  short 
hours  that  he  was  not  delivering  addresses 
he  was  meeting  the  voters  personally.  He 
saved  the  day  for  the  Republican  party 
right  handsomely.  His  administration 
was  a  vigorous  one  and  added  fresh  laurels 
to  his  fame. 


32S 


HISTORY     OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PART'S 


Upon  retiring  from  office,  Governor 
Porter  began  the  preparation  of  an  elabor- 
ate history  of  Indiana  and  pursued  this 
work  until  1889,  when  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Italy  by  President  Harrison. 
In  the  field  of  diplomacy  he  displayed  the 
same  high  ability  lit-  had  in  other  walks 
of  life.  It  was  during  his  residence  in 
Rome  that  the  New  Orleans  rioters  lynched 
a  number  of  Italian  subjects  and  the  deli- 
cate negotiations  growing  out  of  this 
episode  were  handled  by  him  with  great 
tact  and  skill.  After  remaining  at  his 
post  three  years  he  resigned  and  returned 
home  in  the  hope  of  completing  his  history. 
but  illness  overtook  him  before  he  had 
fairly  got  started  upon  it  and  his  death 
occurred  May  3,    ls'.»7. 

Governor  Porter  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife,  Miss  M.  V.  Brown,  of 
Indianapolis,  was  the  mother  of  his  four 
sons  and  daughters.  Many  years  after 
her  death  he  married  .Miss  Cornelia  Stone, 
of  Cuba,  New  York,  who  died  in  l^s7. 

In  estimating  the  character  of  Gov- 
ernor  Porter,  the  most  striking  character- 
istic to  he  noted  is  his  wonderful  industry. 
No  task  seemed  too  great  for  him  to 
undertake,  and.  once  undertaken,  it  was 
given  the  closest  attention,  even  to  the 
most  minute  details.  His  greatest  genius 
was  a  capacity  tor  endless  labor.  Given 
with  this  the  virtues  of  a  lofty  purpose, 
unimpeachable  integrity,  high  moral  cour- 
age, sunny  good  nature  and  a  wealth  of 
human  sympathy  that  understood  what 
human  suffering  meant,  and  it  is  small 
wonder  that  this  combination  of  qualities 
made  him  not  only  great  in  the  eyes  of 
men  hut  beloved  in  the  hearts  of  men. 


GEORGE  \V.    FARIS 

No  State  ever  sent  to  Washington  a 
more  brilliant  coterie  of  young  members 
of  Congress  than  did  Indiana  at  the  elec- 
tion of  1894,  and  ranking  with  the 
best  of  them  in  eloquence,  in  leadership,  in 


parliamentary  skill  and  in  statesmanlike 
ability  was  George  W.  Faris.  of  Terre 
Haute.  His  high  abilities  have  met  with 
appreciation  upon  the  part  of  his  constitu- 
ents and  they  have  returned  him  to  Con- 
gress at  each  election  since. 

( ri  orge  Washington  Faris  was  horn  on 
a  farm  near  Rensselaer,  Jasper  count}-. 
Indiana.  -June  9,  lx.">4.  the  son  of  James 
( '.  and  Margaret  M.  (Brown)  Faris.  His 
father  was  of  Kentucky  parentage,  a 
substantia]  fanner,  strong  in  the  Metho- 
dist faith  and  the  principles  of  the  old 
Whig  party.  They  lived  in  the  village  of 
Medaryville  Pulaski  county,  and  there 
the  hoy  alternately  worked  on  the  farm 
and  attended  the  district  school  until  he 
was  eighteen.  Just  as  he  was  ready  to 
enter  college  his  father  met  with  financial 
reverses  that  seemed  to  make  a  college 
course  impossible,  but  the  boy's  ambition 
was  undaunted,  encouraged  by  the  confi- 
dence and  wise  counsel  of  a  good  father, 
and  by  alternately  teaching  school  and  at- 
tending the  University  classes  at  old 
Asbury,  he  worked  his  way  through  for 
three  years,  when  he  succeeded  in  making 
an  arrangement  by  which  he  could  take 
two  entire  years  until  his  graduation,  in- 
curring a  debt  to  be  paid  out  of  his  earn- 
ings afterwards.  He  entered  college  in 
the  fall  of  1872,  and  graduated  with  the 
class  of  IsTT.  There  were  fifty-one  grad- 
uates that  year,  one  of  the  ablest  classes 
the  University  has  ever  sent  forth,  and 
among  them  young  Faris  was  easily  a 
leader  in  intellect  and  attainment.  Dur- 
ing the  last  two  years  of  college  he  took 
up  with  great  earnestness  and  zeal  the 
study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Greencastle  before  graduation.  After 
receiving  his  degree  lie  came  to  Indianap- 
olis and  entered  the  law  office  of  Claypool 
&  Ketcham  as  a  student.  In  l^Ts  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Claypool. 
daughter  of  Judge  Solomon  Claypool,  of 
Indianapolis.  His  wife  was  in  bad  health 
and     in     hope    of    her    restoration     they 


■     ■  ■     ■ 


OK     THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


329 


removed  to  Colorado,  where  for  two  years 
by  turns  lie  taught  school  and  practiced 
law.  In  the  autumn  of  L 8 80  he  returned 
to  Indiana  and  located  at  Terre  Haute, 
where  he  entered  a  law  partnership  with 
Geo.  C.  Duy.  Shortly  afterwards  the 
partnership  of  Paris  &  Hamill  was  formed 
and  lasted  for  many  years.  It  did  not 
take  many  years  for  him  to  acquire  both 
business  and  reputation  as  an  attorney 
and  he  has  for  many  years  now  stood  as 
one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  liar  of 
Terre  Haute. 

Mr.  Faris  took  an  ardent  interest  in 
politics  as  a  Republican  from  the  begin- 
ning of  his  career.  In  l*s4  he  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Republicans  of  Vigo  county 
as  their  candidate  for  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court.  It  was  a  Democratic  year  and  he 
had  a  strong  opponent  in  the  person  of 
Hon.  Wm,  Mack,  hut  notwithstanding  his 
youth  and  the  obstacles  he  had  to  over- 
come, Mr.  Faris  made  a  deep  impression  and 
was  defeated  by  a  very  narrow  majority. 
The  campaign,  though  active,  was  clean 
upon  both  sides,  and  the  only  objection 
urged  against  Mr.  Fan's  was  his  youth. 
Four  years  later  he  was  chosen  chairman 
of  the  Republican  county  committee,  and 
held  that  position  for  two  years.  He  made 
a  clean  and  vigorous  campaign  for  his 
party,  and  won  for  it  success.  He  had 
already  acquired  fame  as  a  campaign  ora- 
tor and  in  the  political  campaigns  of  LS90 
and  1892  his  fame  spread  througout  the 
State  as  one  of  the  most  eloquent  young 
men  in  the  Republican  ranks.  The  year 
ls'.»4  found  him  not  only  one  of  the  most 
popular  Republicans  in  the  district,  hut  a 
man  of  success  and  of  substance  horn  of 
success  in  his  profession.  It  was  generally 
recognized  that  1894  would  he  a  great  Re- 
publican year,  and  for  the  Congressional 
nomination  in  the  then  eighth  district 
there  were  many  aspirants,  among  them 
were  Cen.  Thomas  H.  Nelson.  Hon.  Jas. 
T.  Johnson.  Judge  Geo.  W.  Buff  and  Hon. 


E.  S.  Holliday.  Mr.  Faris  also  entered 
the  list,  and  he  did  so  undaunted  by  the 
fact  that  among  his  opponents  were  the 
most  prominent  men  in  the  district — men 
whose  long  political  service  had  made  for 
them  great  names.  By  the  steadfast 
efforts  of  generous  friends  in  the  conven- 
tion he  gained  votes  from  the  start  and 
won  the  nomination  on  the  fourth  ballot 
by  a  handsome  majority,  and  then  fol- 
lowed one  of  the  most  vigorous  campaigns 
the  Terre  Haute  district  has  ever  known. 
In  the  election  of  LS92  the  district  had 
gone  Democratic  by  1,622  votes.  Mr.  Faris 
carried  it  by  2,569.  In  L895  the  present 
fifth  district  was  formed,  and  twice  he 
has  been  renominated  and  triumphantly 
elected  therein,  and  his  record  in  Congress 
has  been  marked  by  integrity,  courage 
and  ability  of  a  high  order.     In  the  very 

prime  of  man! 1.  Mi-.  Faris  has  already 

won  a  high  place  in  the  history  of  his 
time,  and  those  who  know  him  best  pre- 
dict tor  him  even  higher  honors  and  a 
broader  held  of  usefulness  in   the  future. 


CHARLES  A.  B(  X  >K WALTER 
Charles  A.  Bookwaltee  won  fame 
not  only  in  Indiana,  but  throughout  the 
country,  by  the  magnificent  race  he  made 
in  the  autumn  of  IS99  against  Thomas 
Taggart  for  the  office  of  Mayor  of  Indian- 
apolis. Starting  out  with  what  seemed 
to  be  irreconcilable  factional  differences  in 
his  own  party  and  with  all  the  influences 
that  usually  control  a  municipal  campaign 
against  him.  he  nevertheless  made  a  can- 
vass of  such  vigor  and  developed  a  per- 
sonal popularity  so  widespread  that  he 
whittled  down  the  usual  majority  of  the 
Democratic  idol  to  next  to  nothing — and. 
indeed,  there  is  the  very  best  of  ground 
for  believing  that  had  the  votes  been 
counted  as  they  were  cast  he  would  have 
been  elected  by  a  majority  of  several 
hundred. 


330 


HISTORY    <>K   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Charles  Andrews  Bookwalter  was  born 
December  7.  1800,  on  a  farm  a  few  miles 
north  of  Wabash,  Indiana,  the  son  of 
Josiah  and  Elizabeth  Riley  Bookwalter. 
His  father  was  a  fairly  thrifty  farmer 
whose  ancestors  bad  come  from  Switzer- 
land in  174*!.  The  family  later  moved  to 
Ft.  Wayne,  where  the  child  got  his  educa- 
tion in  a  printing-  office,  learning  to  set 
type  at  the  case  and  to  do  everything  that 
is  dune  about  an  ordinary  country  news- 
paper office.  He  followed  his  trade  stead- 
ily until  he  arrived  at  manhood  when  he 
got  a  position  as  locomotive  fireman  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad  and  in  this  capacity 
shoveled  coal  for  two  years.  He  went 
from  the  tender  of  an  engine  to  the  city 
desk  of  the  Ft.  Wayne  Gazette  and  devel- 
oped a  great  deal  of  talent  and  energy  as 
a  newspaper  man.  In  1886  he  was  nom- 
inated for  the  legislature  for  the  Allen- 
Huntington  district  and  with  a  normal 
majority  of  4.<lnn  against  him  came  within 
several  hundred  votes  of  being  elected. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  following  year 
he    was   appointed    Clerk    of     the    State 


Printing  Bureau  at  Indianapolis,  and 
served  in  this  capacity  with  an  excel- 
lent record  for  four  years.  This  gave  him 
a  start  in  life  and  his  untiring  energy  anil 
great  native  ability  have  done  the  rest. 
He  succeeded  in  saving  some  money  out 
of  his  salary  and  embarked  in  some  real 
estate  ventures  that  proved  profitable. 
Upon  his  retirement  from  office  he  went 
into  the  real  estate  business  and  incidental 
to  it  organized  the  Indiana  Society  for 
Savings,  one  of  the  most  conservative  and 
successful  building  and  loan  associations 
of  the  State.  He  also  organized  the  Gem 
Garment  Company,  which  has  proven  a 
very  successful  business  enterprise.  Mr. 
Bookwalter  had  taken  a  very  active  part 
in  the  Republican  politics  of  the  State  and 
city  for  a  number  of  years  and  had  always 
been  in  demand  as  an  energetic  party 
worker  and  a  first-class  campaign  speaker. 
He  had  come  to  be  recognized  as  the 
leader  of  the  younger  element  of  the  party 
in  Indianapolis  as  represented  by  the  active 
membership  of  the  Marion  Club,  and  when 
the  question  of  nominating  a  Mayor  arose, 
in  the  early  summer  of  1899,  his  friends 
put  him  actively  forward.  For  several 
years  factional  lines  had  been  developing 
within  the  party  in  Indianapolis  until  now 
they  were  clearly  marked.  The  men  who 
had  led  the  party  since  1890  had  prospered 
in  office  and  it  was  claimed  that  they  had 
built  tip  a  machine  that  was  well  nigh 
invincible.  These  leaders  favored  the 
nomination  of  I).  M.  Kansdall  and  one  of 
the  most  intense  ante-convention  struggles 
that  the  State  had  ever  known  ensued. 
Mr.  Bookwalter  won  out  handsomely  in 
the  convention,  but  hardly  one  Republican 
in  ten  could  be  found  who  thought  he  had 
any  chance  of  winning  in  the  election. 
Taggart  had  been  twice  elected  by  majori- 
ties away  up  in  the  thousands  and  all  the 
corporation  influences  were  again  at  his 
back.  Then  it  was  feared  that  the  fac- 
tional troubles  in  the  party  might  cause 
Bookwalter     much     trouble.        He     went 


OF    THE    STATE    <>F    INDIANA. 


331 


ahead,  however,  making  a  vigorous  per- 
sonal campaign,  and  it  had  not  pro- 
gressed far  when  the  men  who  had 
opposed  him  in  the  convention  rallied  en- 
thusiastically to  his  standard  and  began  to 
do  effective  w<  irk.  <  >ne  point  after  another 
was  gained  until  when  the  election  was 
but  ten  days  off  the  people  began  to  real 
ize  that  it  was  a  neck  and  neck  race.  The 
election  brought  out  a  tremendous  heavy 
vote  and  it  required  the  official  count  to 
show  that  Mr.  Bookwalter  had  lost  it  by 
something  over  200  votes.  It  was  known 
that  in  counting  the  votes  about  1,800  bal- 
lots had  been  thrown  out  as  defective  and 
that  three- fourths  of  these  were  B<  >ok w; liter 
votes.  But  he  accepted  the  verdict  of  the 
official  count  and  made  no  contest.  Mr. 
Bookwalter  was  married  at  Ft.  Wayne 
October  29,  lSs4,  to  Miss  Maud  E.  Bennett 
and  four  charming  children  grace  their 
charming  home.  He  is  very  popular 
socially,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Columbia 
and  Marion  Clubs  and  of  the  Masonic  and 
Pvthian  Orders. 


HENRY  W.  MARSHALL. 

Henry  W.  Marshall  is  one  of  the 
finest  types  of  the  enterprising  and  success- 
ful young  American  business  men  that 
Indiana  has  produced.  Beginning  with 
very  little  he  has,  at  the  early  age  of 
thirty-five,  attained  a  position  where  he 
controls  and  directs  large  enterprises  em- 
ploying an  army  of  men  and  is  universally 
respected  throughout  the  State  as  one  of 
the  ablest  men  of  affairs  in  Indiana. 

Henry  Wright  Marshall  was  horn  .lan- 
uary  29,  1865,  near  Springfield,  Ohio,  and 
with  his  parents  removed  to  Montmorenci, 
Indiana,  when  but  six  years  of  age.  His 
father.  Solomon  H.  Marshall,  is  a  successful 
grain  dealer  at  this  point.  His  grand- 
father, Robert  Marshall,  migrated  from 
Virginia  and  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
of  Ohio.  The  boy  was  educated  at  the 
Montmorenci  public  school  and  the  Union 


A/- 


Business  College  where  he  was  given  the 
business  training  that  has  since  stood  him 
so  well  in  hand.  He  began  to  earn  his  own 
livelihood  while  still  a  mere  hoy.  as  a 
bookkeeper,  and  was  later  a  traveling  sales- 
man for  the  stationery  and  printing  firm 
of  Rosser.  McClure  &  Co.  In  1886  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Robt.  L.  Jaques 
in  the  book  and  stationery  trade  at 
La  Fayette.  The  firm  of  Marshall  &  Jaques 
had  a  successful  existence  of  three  years. 
In  1889  it  was  dissolved  and  Mr.  Marshall 
with  his  brother,  Wallace  Marshall,  or- 
ganized the  La  Fayette  Bridge  Company  for 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  iron  and  steel 
bridges.  He  was  elected  secretary  and 
treasure]'  of  the  company,  and  two  years 
later  succeeded  to  the  presidency.  Under 
his  enterprising  and  careful  management 
the  company  had  a.  wonderfully  rapid 
growth  and  in  the  few  years  of  its  exist- 
ence it  has  come  to  he  one  of  the  greatest 
bridge  building  plants  in  the  West  with  a 
flourishing  business  ramifying  all  over  the 
United  States.     In   Is'.'!'  Mr.  Marshall  was 


332 


HISTORY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


elected  president  of  the  Western  Paving 
and  Supply  Company,  of  Chicago,  and 
of  the  Western  Paving  and  Supply 
Company,  of  Milwaukee,  with  general 
offices  of  both  corporations  at  Indianapo- 
lis. These  corporations  do  a  very  large 
business  throughout  all  of  the  Middle 
West  in  laying  Trinidad  Asphalt  pave- 
ments. 

.Mr.  Marshall  is  also  largely  interested 
in  manufacturing  enterprises  and  is  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  tanning-. 

Quiet  and  methodical  in  his  work, 
quick  and  unerring  in  his  judgment,  he 
manages  these  various  important  enter- 
prises with  skill  and  success  and  never 
seems  hurried  in  his  work.  He  has  the 
faculty  of  organization  developed  in  a  very 
high  degree,  and  being  a  keen  judge  of 
human  nature  has  surrounded  himself  in 
business  by  competent  men  upon  whose 
efforts  he  can  rely. 

While  having  been  from  the  first  an 
ardent  Republican  and  very  helpful  in  the 
work  of  the  party  in  Indiana.  Mr.  Mar- 
shall had  never  sought  office.  In  1898, 
however,  he  accepted  the  nomination  to 
the  State  legislature  and  was  elected  with 
a  large  majority.  He  proved  a  very  valua- 
ble member  of  the  House  during  the  session 
of  1899,  where  his  fine  husiness  training 
and  excellent  judgment  made  him  a  man 
of  influence. 

Mr.  Marshall  was  married  February 
18.  1891,  to  Miss  Laura  Vannatta,  of 
Montmorenci,  Indiana.  They  have  one 
son.  horn  March  19,  1892.  Their  beauti- 
ful home  at  La  Fayette  is  one  of  the 
social  centers  of  that  city,  famed  for  its 
cultured  refinement  and  brilliant  social 
gatherings. 

Mr.  Marshall  is  a  member  of  the  Uni- 
versity Club,  of  Indianapolis,  and  the 
La  Fayette  Club,  of  La  Fayette,  and  is 
affiliated  with  various  Masonic  and  other 
organizations. 


FLOYD    A.   WOODS. 

No  young  lawyer  has  ever  come  to  In- 
dianapolis and  made  so  quickly  or  so 
deeply  his  mark  upon  the  legal  profession 
and  the  politics  of  the  Capital  City  as 
Floyd  A.  Woods.  He  had  not  heen  out 
of  college  more  than  two  years  until  he 
was  in  possession  of  a  law  practice  that 
was  the  envy  of  many  of  the  older  attor- 
neys of  the  city,  and  at  the  same  time 
he  had  won  a  prominent  place  as  one 
of  the  most  influential  and  forceful  of 
the  younger  leaders  of  the  Republican 
party. 

Floyd  A.  Woods  was  horn  September 
11.  1873,  at  Goshen.  Indiana,  the  sou  of 
Hon.  Wm.  A.  Woods,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  jurists  of  the  West,  now  sitting 
as  Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  of  Appeals.  The  hoy  was  given 
the  best  possible  education  at  Wabash 
and  Belmont  colleges,  and  after  a  year's 
study  in  the  office  of  Hon.  W.  L.  Taylor, 
of  Indianapolis,  the  partnership  of  Taylor 
&  Woods  was  formed.  They  have  prob- 
ably the  largest  railroad  practice  in  the 
State,  being  attorneys  for  the  Monon  Rail- 
way, the  Louisville,  Evansville  and  St. 
Louis  Consolidated  Railroad  Company, 
the  National  Surety  Company,  of  New 
York,  the  Brooks  Oil  Company,  and  va- 
rious other  prominent  corporations.  Since 
the  election  of  Mr.  Taylor  to  the  office  of 
Attorney-General,  Mr.  Woods  has  man- 
aged the  affairs  of  the  law  firm  with 
great  ability  and  success.  Mr.  Woods 
began  to  participate  activi  lv  in  politics  as 
soon  as  he  was  out  of  college.  He  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Republican  county 
executive  committee  and  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  Marion  Club.  He  still  serves 
as  chairman  of  the  elections  committee  of 
that  organization.  While  never  seeking 
office  for  himself  he  enjoys  politics,  not 
only   for  the   recreation  of  it.    hut  for  the 


. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


:::■.:; 


work  he  is  able  to  do  in  promoting  Re- 
publican principles  and  he  is  a  large  power 
in  the  party. 

Mr.  Woods  is  as  popular  socially  as  in 
tlie  held  of  politics.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Marion.  Columbia,  Morton,  Country, 
and  other  clubs. 


HENRY  0.   PETTIT. 

Two  years  ago,  when  Henry  C.  Petti t 
retired  absolutely  from  the  political  field, 
there  was  very  general  regret  throughout 
the  Republican  party  in  The  State  and  a 
belief  that  he  was  throwing  away  a  very 
brilliant  future.  This  belief  was  grounded 
in  the  fact  that  no  man  in  the  State  was 
more  directly  in  line  for  high  political  pro- 
motion than  he.  But  with  the  sound  com- 
mon sense  that  accompanies  his  brilliant 
talents,  Mr.  Pettit  recognized  the  fact 
that  in  order  to  preserve  independently 
one's  ideas  in  political  life,  he  must  never 
let  his  bread  and  butter  depend  upon 
politics;  he  must  first  wrest  from  the 
world  a  modicum  of  this  world's  goods 
that  will  afford  him  substance  and  shelter 
and  independence.  He  was  still  very 
young  and  the  profession  of  the  law  was 
offering  to  him  high  financial  rewards. 
One  does  not  lose  strength  in  the  arena  of 
politics  by  proving  himself  strong  and  able 
in  the  work-a-day  world,  and  the  Repub- 
lican party  of  Indiana  will  gladly  welcome 
Mr.  Pettit  again  among  its  leaders  when 
he  chooses  to  return. 

Henry  Corbin  Pettit  is  one  of  these 
rare  instances  where  the  son  of  a  great 
father  has  by  his  own  ability  and  energy 
won  for  himself  a  place  of  eminence.  I  lis 
father  was  John  Upfold  Pettit.  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  Indiana.  During 
the  early  days  of  the  Republican  party  he 
was  thrice  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
eleventh  district.  In  addition  to  this 
he  was  a  Judge  on  the  bench  and  was 
known  as  one  of  the  ablesl  advocates  and 
jurists  in  the  State.      His  wife  was  Julian 


Brenton  Pettit,  a  noble  woman  to  whose 
tender  love  and  gentle  helpfulness  both 
he  and  his  son  owe  much  of  their  success 
in  life.  Their  ancestors  were  English  and 
the  family  is  traced  from  England  through 
New  York  State  and  Kentucky  to  Indi- 
ana. The  young  man  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  Wabash  and 
appointed  to  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy  in  Maryland.  Here  he  studied 
as  a  cadet  under  the  rigorous  regime  of 
the  academy  from  L879  to  1883  and  during 
the  next  two  years  was  at  sea  cruising 
about  the  world  and  visiting  the  various 
ports  in  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa.  Re- 
turning home  in  IS85  he  saw  ahead  long- 
years  of  peace  and  longed  for  the  active 
work  of  the  world  where  he  could  win  suc- 
cess by  his  own  exertions  instead  of  wait- 
ing through  days  and  years  of  the  routine 
of  drill  and  target  practice  to  win  promo- 
tion by  deaths  among  his  superiors.  Ac- 
cordingly he  resigned  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  Wabash  in  1886.  He  soon 
acquired  a  reputation  as  one  of  the  best 
and  ablest  lawyers  in  his  section  of  the 
State.  Always  cool  and  very  clearheaded, 
his  logic  is  clean  cut  and  keen  and  his  prep- 
aration of  his  cases  is  thorough  and  consci- 
entious. He  is  now  attorney  for  Indiana 
for  the  .ZEtna  Life  Insurance  ( lompany  and 
for  the  Atkinson  Loan  Agency,  and 
enjoys  besides  a  very  large  general 
practice. 

Born  and  bred  an  ardent  Republican, 
Mr.  Pettit  began  to  take  an  active  inter- 
est in  local  political  affairs  when  he  began 
the   practice  of  law.        His    services  were 

found  to  1 1'  great    value  on    the  stump 

and  he  was  frequently  sent  as  a  delegate 
to  district  and  State  conventions.  He 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Wabash  county 
committee  for  four  years  and  performed 
this  service  with  the  same  conscientious 
care  and  fidelity  that  he  gives  to  all  his 
work.  In  1894  he  was  chosen  to  represent 
Wabash  county  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives and  before  the  session  was  over 


:;:;! 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


lie  was  the  undisputed  leader  of  the  Re- 
publican majority  <m  the  floor.  In  1896 
he  was  re-elected  and  when  his  friends 
announced  that  they  proposed  to  make 
him  Speaker  of  the  House  so  general  was 
his  fitness  for  this  high  office  recognized 
that  there  was  no  opposition  to  his  elec- 
tion. As  Speaker  of  the  House  he  made 
a  great  reputation.  Firm  and  clear  in 
what  he  had  to  say  his  rulings  were  in- 
variably recognized  as  fair  and  correct  and 
his  tremendous  influence  in  shaping  legis- 
lation was  always  thrown  for  the  right. 
Upon  his  retirement  from  this  office  there 
was  quite  a  flattering  demand  that  he 
stand  for  the  Congressional  nomination  in 
his  district,  but  he  announced  that  he  had 
undertaken  certain  business  arrangements 
that  would  prevent  his  holding  any  office 
for  a  term  of  years,  and  it  was  with  genu- 
ine regret  that  the  announcement  was 
received.  Mr.  Pettit  is  a  member  of  a 
number  of  fraternal  societies  and  orders. 
and  in  the  social  lite  of  Wabash  he  and 
his  wife  are  much  sought. 

He  was  married  in  1888  to  Miss  Eva 
Stitt,  of  Wabash,  and  they  have  one 
child.  

(IK ANT  MITCHENER. 

Grant  Mitchener,  one  of  the  most 
active  and  influential  of  the  young  Repub- 
licans of  Northwestern  Indiana,  was  born 
April  1.  1864,  at  Staunton,  Fayette  county. 
Ohio,  the  son  of  .John  and  Eliza  .1.  Mitch- 
ener. His  ancestors  were  originally  from 
Holland  and  came  over  with  William 
Penn,  settling  in  Chester  county.  Penn- 
sylvania. His  father  was  a  cabinet 
maker  and  furniture  dealer  in  comfort- 
able circumstances,  but  when  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eighth  Ohio  Cavalry  and  served  gallantly 
with  it  through  the  war.  His  parents  are 
still  living  in  Fayette  county.  <  Ihio.  The 
young  man  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  working  on  the  farm  during 
the  summer  and  attending  school  in  the 


winter  time.  In  1881  he  took  a  course  in 
the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School,  and 
has  since  remained  a  resident  of  Indiana. 
He  served  as  a  drug  clerk  for  nine  years, 
always  doing  a  considerable  amount  of 
newspaper  work  as  correspondent  for  the 
Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  Cincinnati 
papers.  In  1 894  he  was  appointed 
Deputy  Auditor  of  Porter  county,  an 
office  he  still  administers.  From  early 
years  he  was  active  in  Republican  politics 
and  participated  with  energy  in  the  work 
of  the  old  Lincoln  League  and  of  its  suc- 
cessor, the  Indiana  Republican  League. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  judicial  com- 
mittee of  this  organization  in  1898  and  is 
now  serving  as  district  manager  for  the 
tenth  district.  In  1894  and  1896  he 
served  as  secretary  of  the  Porter  county 
committee  and  carried  on  most  of  the 
work  of  the  committee.  He  was  known 
at  State  headquarters  as  one  of  the  most 
efficient  men  in  the  organization.  He  has 
served  frequently  as  delegate  to  Congres- 
sional and  State  conventions  and  to  Na- 
tional Republican  league  conventions. 
In  1896  he  served  as  one  of  the  assistant 
serjeants-at-arms  of  the  Republican  Na- 
tional convention  at  St.  Louis. 

Mr.  Mitchener  has  been  active  in  a 
number  of  benevolent  organizations,  hav- 
ing served  as  Exalted  Ruler  to  the  Val- 
paraiso Lodge  of  Elks  and  as  president  of 
the  Valparaiso  Council  of  the  National 
Union.  In  1893  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Nellie  Woodhull,  daughter  of  Mayor  A. 
1-'..  Woodhull.  of  Valparaiso,  and  two 
briarht  children  bless  their  home. 


JOHN    M.   SPANGLER, 

It  requires  no  small  amount  of  party 
patriotism  to  tight  year  after  year  for  Re- 
publican success  in  a  heavily  Democratic 
county,  to  spend  one's  time,  money  and 
energy  freely  without  hope  of  glory  or 
more  substantial  reward.  Put  such  is 
the  work  that  for  years  John  M.  Spangler 


X&tU^  JpL  ^^^t^p^__ 


HISTORY    OK   THK    REPUBLICAN    PART? 


has  been  doing  in  Pulaski  county,  and  it  is 
small  wonder  that  the  Republicans  of  that 
and  neighboring  comities  express  for  him 
a  love  and  admiration  that  is  possessed  by 
very  few  party  leaders  in  the  State 

John  Marshall  Spangler  was  horn  Aug- 
ust 21,  1866,  in  Marshall  county.  Indiana. 
His  father,  William  Spangler,  is  a  lawyer 
with  a  large  practice  and  well  known 
throughout  that  section  of  the  Slate.  He 
comes  of  good  Revolutionary  stock,  his 
greal  grandfather  having  been  killed  in 
the  battle  of  Brandywine.  His  grand- 
father removed  from  Pennsylvania  as  one 
of  the  early  pioneers  of  Indiana.  The 
young  man  was  given  a  thorough  common 
school  education  and  graduated  from 
Notre  Dame  University.  After  graduation 
he  taughl  school  for  two  years,  occupying 
his  leisure  time  studying  law  in  his  father's 
office.  At  the  end  of  his  period  of  study 
he  began  the  practice  with  his  father  and 
has  met  with  success  from  the  start.  He 
is  a  young  man  whose  conscientious  integ- 
rity and  fidelity  of  honor  wins  for  him 
friends  by  the  hundred,  and  he  had  no 
trouble  in  securing  more  than  his  fair 
share  of  the  legal  business  of  Pulaski 
county. 

The  same  qualities  that  have  made  him 
successful  in  the  law  soon  brought  him  to 
to  the  front  as  a  party  leader.  lie  served 
as  secretary  of  the  Pulaski  county  com- 
mittee from  1888  to  L892,  and  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  from  1892  to  1896.  His 
campaigns  were  conducted  with  great  skill 
and  vigor,  and  the  tremendous  Democratic 
majority  of  Pulaski  has  been  whittled 
down  gradually  until  now  it  can  no  longer 
lie  considered  safe.  Mi-.  Spangler  has  in- 
variably, since  he  entered  tiie  political 
Meld,  attended  all  county,  district  and 
State  conventions  as  a  delegate,  and  has 
been  the  undisputed  leader  of  the  Pulaski 
delegation  in  State  conventions  for  a  num- 
ber of  years. 


On  September  28,  1890,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Mollie  1.  Long,  a  young  woman  of 
greal  social  grace  and  refinement,  who 
presides  with  pleasing  dignity  over  their 
pretty  home  at  VVinamac. 


HON.  GEORGE  B.  ELLIOTT. 

( >ne  of  the  young  Republican  leaders  of 
Marion  county  is  George  Byron  Elliott, 
present  County  Clerk.  He  is  now  a  man 
of  but  :!1  years,  yet  no  party  council,  no 
matter  what  is  at  issue,  is  complete  with- 
out his  ripe  judgment.  His  election  to 
the  office  of  County  Clerk,  among  all 
others,  is  a  practical  instance  of  his  promi- 
nence and  popularity  in  the  party.  From 
the  time  his  name  was  announced  until  he 
was  nominated,  there  was  practically  no 
opposition  to  him.  His  record  as  County 
Clerk  is  that  of  his  entire  life,  unimpeach- 
able, upright  and  efficient. 

Mr.  Elliott  was  born  in  Indianapolis, 
February 'in.  L869.  He' is  a  son  of  Joseph 
Taylor  Elliott,  president  of  the  Marion 
Trust  Company,  and  is  a  nephew  of  Judge 
Byron  K.  Elliott.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, William  J.  Elliott,  came  to  this 
State  from  Ohio,  and  was  Recorder  of 
Marion  county  at  some  time  in  the  sixties. 

Mr.  Elliott  was  educated  in  the  Indian- 
apolis public  and  high  schools.  His  first 
occupation  in  life  was  that  of  an  assistant 
ticket  agent  for  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
and  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  at  Kansas 
City,  Missouri,  in  which  capacity  lie  served 
for  one  year.  Later  he  returned  to  In 
dianapolis  and  entered  the  well  known 
abstract  firm  of  Elliott  cS:  Butler,  of  which 
his  father.  Joseph  T.  Elliott,  was  the 
head.  He  entered  at  once  actively  into 
politics.  Since  then  he  has  for  many 
years  been  a  member  of  the  county  com- 
mittee, frequently  serving  on  the  execu- 
tive and  advisory  boards,  where  his  able 
services  as  an  organizer  were  highly  ap- 
preciated.     His  clean   methods  in  politics 


5.  <o%jus- 


OF    THK    STATE    (IK    [NDIANA. 


mark  him  as  a  man  who  has  firm  faith  in 
the  righteousness  of  his  party  principles. 

In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the  Lower 
House  of  the  Indiana  legislature,  and 
was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
the  affairs  of  the  city  of  Indianapolis, 
where  he  rendered  such  efficient  services 
that  they  were  recognized  by  the  people 
of  Marion  counts-  in  his  election  to  his 
present  office  of  County  Clerk. 

Mr.  Elliott  is  a  member  of  the  Marion 
Club,  a.  former  president  of  that  club,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Columbia  ('lull,  the 
Maennerchor  and  the  Deutsche  Club,  also 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He 
is  especially  distinguished  for  his  loyalty. 
not  only  to  men  hut  principles,  and  is  as 
active  in  working  his  opinions  into  facts 
as  he  is  firm  in  his  convictions  once  formed. 
His  forceful  character  is  hound  to  carry 
him  far  in  the  future. 


SCHUYLER  COLFAX. 

Among  the  great  men  that  Indiana  has 
given  to  the  Nation  at  large  the  name  of 
Schuyler  Colfax  stands  out  prominently 
as  one  of  the  first.  Very  few  Americans 
have  played  a  more  important  role  upon 
the  stage  of  National  politics  and  states- 
manship than  he.  Descended  from  some 
of  the  best  American  blood  of  Revolution- 
ary times,  he  had  in  him  the  greatness  of 
spirit  and  the  force  of  intellect  that  broke 
through  the  rough  and  wild  environment 
of  the  early  West  and  brought  him  to  the 
forefront     of    American      history.  His 

grandfather  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier 
and  a  captain  of  Washington's  bodyguard. 
On  the  maternal  side  there  were  many 
distinguished  men.  Among  them  the 
famous  General  Philip  Schuyler. 

Mi-.  Colfax  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  Fork,  March  25,  [826.  His  lathe]' 
had  died  a  couple  of  months  before  his 
birth  and  he  was  cared  for  by  his  mother 
alone  during  the  first  ten  years  of  his  life. 
She  then  remarried  and   the   family  came 


West  in  LS3ri,  locating  at  New  Carlisle, 
in  St.  Joseph  county.  The  b  »y  clerked  in 
a  country  store  and  was  largely  educated 
at  home  by  his  mother  and  stepfather. 
On  the  election  of  the  latter  as  Auditor  of 
St.  Joseph  county  the  family  removed  to 
South  Bend  and  the  young  man  became 
his  deputy.  While  here  he  took  up  the 
study  of  law,  and  a  joint  debating  society 
gave  him  the  knowledge  of  parliamentary 
usage  that  proved  so  valuable  to  him  in 
after  life.  Before  reaching  the  age  of 
twenty,  he  served  for  two  years  as  Reporter 
of  the  State  Senate  and  in  L845  he  estab- 
lished, at  South  Bend,  the.sV.  Joseph  Vul- 
ley  Register,  a  newspaper  that  he  con- 
ducted with  great  success  for  many  years. 
It  was  known  as  one  of  the  model  news- 
papers of  the  West — able,  fearless  and 
sound  in  its  opinions,  and  managed  with 
a  large  degree  of  business  ability.  Nat- 
urally in  conducting  a  newspaper  he  par- 
ticipated actively  in  the  politics  of  the 
times,  and  in  IMS  he  was  chosen  a  dele- 
gate to  the  National  Whig  convention 
and  was  made  secretary  of  that  body.  In 
1850  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  con- 
vention to  form  a  new  constitution  for 
Indiana.  He  was  the  youngest  member 
of  that  body,  but  wielded  a  very  large  in- 
fluence in  its  deliberations  through  his 
force  of  character  and  the  liberal,  pro- 
gressive spirit  of  his  views.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  was  the  Whig  candidate  for 
Congress  in  the  ninth  Congressional  dis- 
trict with  Dr.  Graham  X.  Fitch,  of  Lo- 
gansport.  as  his  opponent.  They  held  a 
series  of  joint  debates  throughout  the  dis- 
trict, but  sentiment  on  the  negro  question 
had  not  yet  become  sufficiently  liberal  to 
obtain  public  approval,  for  Colfax's  vote 
in  the  State  constitutional  convention  for 
the  free  ad  mission  of  negroes  into  the  State, 
and  this  defeated  him.  In  h.V.'  he  was 
again  a  delegate  to  the  National  Whig 
convention. 

In    ls.',4    began    his  long  and   brilliant 
career    in     the    United    states  Congress, 


338 


HISTORY    <>!•'   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


He  was  elected  over  Dr.  Norman  Eddy, 
and  for  seven  successful  campaigns  he 
was  the  standard  bearer  of  Ins  party  in 
his  own  district.  His  brilliant  campaigns 
are  still  one  of  the  great  traditions  of  the 
Republican  party  of  Indiana.  Eloquent, 
forceful  and  honest  to  the  last  degree,  the 
people  admired  him  and  believed  in  him, 
and  they  followed  him  about  in  crowds. 
In  Congress  he  assumed  a  position  of 
prominence  very  early.  He  soon  became 
known  as  one  of  the  most  influential  ora- 
tors on  the  floor,  and  the  chairmanships  of 
various  important  committees  were  as- 
signed to  him,  notably  that  on  Postoffices 
and  Post  roads.  In  L861  he  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House  and  presided  over 
that  body  for  three  terms  during  the  most 
turbulent  period  in  its  history.  In  the 
machinery  of  government  the  responsibili- 
ties resting  upon  the  shoulders  of  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
are  second  only  to  those  assumed  by  tin- 
President  himself,  and  it  was  in  this  office 
that  Schuyler  Colfax  made  his  name  im- 
mortal. Always  close  in  the  confidence  of 
President  Lincoln,  he  worked  shoulder  to 
shoulder  with  him  through  the  perilous 
years  of  the  Civil  War.  Always  fair  in 
his  ruling,  patriotic  in  his  purposes,  sound 
and  conservative  in  his  judgment  and 
thoroughly  sincere  in  his  opinions,  he  had 
the  confidence  of  the  House,  whose  des- 
tinies he  guided  as  no  other  man  lias  had 
it  before  or  since,  and  it  was  due  to  his 
tremendous  personal  influence  and  his 
high  abilities,  more  than  to  the  work  of 
any  other  one  man,  that  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  worked  through  the 
war  in  such  harmony  with  the  policy  of 
the  administration. 

In  ls<;s  his  great  services  and  ability 
were  recognized  by  the  Republican  party 
witli  the  nomination  for  the  Vice-Presi- 
dency and  he  was  triumphantly  elected. 
He  presided  over  the  Senate  with  the  same 
ability  and  dignity  that  he  hail  shown  in 
the  House,  though  Ins  task,  in  compai-ison 


with  the  one  he  had  left,  was  an  easy  one. 
Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  as  Vice- 
President  he  retired  from  politics  and  ap- 
peared upon  the  lecture  platform,  where 
he  was  greeted  with  enthusiasm  through- 
out the  country.  While  on  one  of  his 
lecture  tours  he  was  suddenly  stricken  and 
died  in  a  railroad  station  at  Mankato. 
Minn. 

Mr.  Colfax  was  twice  married.  His 
first  wife  was  Miss  Evelyn  Clark,  daugh- 
ter of  Col.  Ralph  Clark,  of  Argyle,  N.  V. 
She  died  at  Newport,  in  June,  1863.  On 
Nov.  is.  L868,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Ellen  Wade,  niece  of  Senator  Ben  Wade. 
of  ( )hio.  She  was  at  that  time  one  of  the 
belles  of  Washington,  a  woman  of  high 
culture  and  refinement.  She  still  sur- 
vives and  presides  with  grace  and  dignity 
over  the  family  mansion  in  South  Bend. 
She  has  one  son.  Schuyler  Colfax.  Jr..  a 
young  man  who  has  already  achieved 
much  prominence  in  business  and  political 
circles. 

ROBERT  B.  HANNA. 

It  is  exceedingly  seldom  that  a  man  at- 
tains large  political  popularity  at  such  an 
early  age  as  has  Robert  B.  Hanna,  of  Fort 
Wayne.  Born  in  Allen  county.  March 
25,  IStiS,  his  popularity  was  demonstrated 
as  a  boy  of  twenty-one.  when  he  carried  a 
heavy  Democratic  ward  for  the  City  Coun- 
cil. Again  in  1894:,  as  a  candidate  for 
State  Senator,  he  ran  2,300  votes  ahead 
of  his  ticket,  and  now  the  Republicans  of 
the  twelfth  district  are  making  a  very 
general  demand  that  he  hear  their  stand- 
ard in  the  Congressional  fight.  Mr. 
Hanna  was  the  son  of  Henry  C.  Hanna. 
one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  and 
largest  landowners  in  Allen  county.  His 
grandfather  was  a  man  of  much  promin- 
ence in  the  early  history  of  the  State,  and 
his  descendants  are  men  of  influence  all 
through  Northern  Indiana. 

Tin'  young  man  attended  the  public 
schools,  and.  after  graduation  from  the  Fort 


340 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Wayne  High  School,  read  law  in  the  office 
of  his  brother.  Henry  C.  Hanna.  Since 
his  admission  to  the  bar  they  have  prac- 
ticed together,  enjoying  one  of  the  largest 
law  businesses  in  Kurt  Wayne  While 
popular  in  political  and  social  affairs,  Mr. 
Hanna  lias  never  permitted  them  to  dis- 
tract his  attention  from  his  prof ession and 
he  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation  as  one  of 
the  ablest  young  lawyers  of  that  section. 


HON.   ROBERT  .1.   LOVELAND. 

For  the  past  six  years  Hon.  Robert  J. 
Loveland,  of  Peru,  lias  been  devoting 
himself  exclusively  to  the  care  of  his  large 
law  business,  but  during  the  few  years 
that  he  actively  participated  in  the  politics 
of  the  State  he  put  into  bis  political  work, 
as  he  has  always  put  into  his  profession,  a 
character  and  force  that  made  him  one  of 
the  dominant  factors  in  the  Republican 
politics  of  the  State 

Robert  J.  Loveland  was  born  at  Peru, 
Indiana.  January  17.  185S.  His  father. 
E.  P.  Loveland.  was  a  native  of  Vermont, 
hut  migrated  Westward  in  ls4o  and  set- 
tled at  Peru  where  he  practiced  law  about 
fifteen  years.  He  married  Miss  Jane 
Hood,  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  seven  children 

bless     their     Ullioll.        The     eldest    of    these. 

Henry  K.  Loveland.  was  a  Second  Lieu 
tenant  in  the  Fourteenth  Indiana  Battery 
and  died  at  Bethel,  Tenn.,  from  injuries  and 
exposures  in  the  service.  Two  of  the  sons 
and  three  of  the  daughters  survive.  Mr. 
Loveland  met  a  violent  and  heroic  death 
in  the  burning  of  the  Howe  Machine 
factory  at  Pern  in  1871.  He  was  warn 
ing  people  inside  the  factory  of  danger 
apparent  only  from  the  outside.  His  wife 
followed  him  to  ili,.  grave  two  months 
later  and  the  large  family  of  children  was 
left  to  get  along  in  the  world  upon  the 
comparatively  slender  means  the  father 
had  accumulated  in  his  practice. 

After  the  death  of  his  father.  Robert 
spent    a    year  on   the   farm    near   Monroe. 


Wis.,  and  there  attended  district  school 
in  the  winter.  He  then  returned  to  Indi- 
ana and  attended  school  for  one  term  at 
the  South  Wabash  Academy  and  for  four 
years  at  the  Central  College  Academy, 
near  Columbus.  Ohio,  being  out  two 
winters  teaching  district  school.  In  the 
fall  of  1ST7  he  entered  the  freshman  class 
in  Wabash  College,  but  lack  of  means 
compelled  him  to  give  up  his  college  career 
in  the  middle  of  his  sophomore  year. 
During  all  his  attendance  at  academy  and 
college  he  had  helped  out  his  slender 
means  by  teaching  school,  working  as  a 
farm  hand  or  at  anything  else  of  an  hon- 
orable nature  that  presented  itself.  In 
the  spring  of  L879  he  began  reading  law 
with  Shirt  &  Mitchell,  of  Pern,  and  began 
the  active  practice  in  April.  1881,  in  part- 
nership with  E.  T.  Reasoner.  This  part- 
nership was  dissolved  in  June.  lsS-t.  and 
until  January.  1888,  Mr.  Loveland  was 
in  partnership  with  Hon.  R  P.  Effinger. 
Then  he    formed  a  partnership   with    his 

brother.  H 1    P.   Loveland.  and   the   firm 

has  for  years  been  known  as  one  of  the 
most  prominent  and  successful  law  firms 
in  that  section  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Loveland  was  from  the  beginning 
an  ardent  Republican.  His  father  had 
been  an  active  Whig  and  upon  the  disso 
lution  of  that  party  had  cast  his  fortune 
with  the  Republican  party.  While  par- 
ticipating actively  in  campaigns  and  giv- 
ing much  of  his  time  and  ability  to  the 
party  service  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
steadfastly  declined  political  office  until 
1390  when  he  was  chosen  State  Senator 
from  the  district  of  Howard  and  Miami 
counties.  In  the  Senate  he  at  once  took 
front  rank  and  though  his  party  was  heavily 
in  the  minority  he  made  his  influence  felt 
strongly  upon  the  Moor  and  succeeded  not 
only  in  getting  through  a  few  good  meas- 
ures, but  in  exposing  and  killing  off  a 
number  of  vicious  bills.  He  was  very 
active  in  organizing  the  movement  that 
finally  landed  >  r.  Fairbanks  in  the  United 


'  Kj^? 


OF    THE    STATE    <>K    INDIANA. 


341 


States  Senate  and  was  very  influential  in 
the  work  of  the  party  organization  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  1894  his  friends 
presented  his  name  to  the  State  conven- 
tion for  the  nomination  for  Attorney- 
General.  There  was  a  very  large  Held 
of  candidates  for  the  office  and  that  year 
it  was  the  candidates  who  were  able  to 
organize  the  strongest  "log  rolling  cam- 
paigns" that  pulled  through  Coming 
fr  mi  a  Democratic  county,  with  a  small 
number  of  delegates  in  the  convention,  Mr. 
Loveland's  opportunities  in  this  direction 
were  slender,  hut  he  made  a  magnificent 
fight  and  polled  a  very  large  vote.  Since 
that  time,  while  participating  actively  in 
campaigns,  Mr.  Loveland  has  declined  to 
accept  either  appointed  or  elective  office 
and  has  devoted  his  splendid  abilities 
entirely  to  his  law  practice  In  1898  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Maude  E.  Ellis,  of 
Peru,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire. 


JAMES   ALEXANDER    HEM.ENWAY. 

James  Alexander  Hemexway.  uni- 
versally known  and  respected  as  one  of 
the  brightest  and  most  successful  political 
leaders  of  the  State,  has  contributed  more 
than  any  other  man  to  the  political  revolu- 
tion that  has  transformed  the  first  Con- 
gressional district  into  a  safe  Republican 
stronghold.  Nobody  recognizes  this  fact 
more  thoroughly  than  do  the  Republicans 
of  the  first  district,  and  the  leaders  there 
never  think  of  taking  any  step  in  State 
affairs  without  the  benefit  of  his  counsel 
and  advice. 

Mi'.  Henienway  was  horn  at  Booneville, 
Indiana.  March  8,  IS60.  His  father  was 
William  J.  L  Henienway.  a  descendant 
of  Ralph  Henienway.  who  was  a  merchant 
at  Booneville.  The  young  man  was  edu- 
cated at  the  public  schools  of  Booneville 
and  worked  at  any  labor  he  could  tind 
while  studying  law.  during  such  hours  as 
he  could  snatch  after  the  day's  work  was 
done.      It   was  a   long  and   hard   struggle 


for  he  had  no  means  of  going  to  college 
and  had  to  dig  out  his  education  as  besl 
he  could  without  guidance.  Thus  it  was 
not  until  he  was  twenty-four  year-  old 
that  he  was  able  to  he  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  began  the  practice  of  law.  He  opened 
an  office  in  1884  and  soon  had  what  was 
accounted  a  very  successful  practice  for  a 
country  town.  He  was  endowed  with  that 
quick  understanding  of  human  nature, 
ready  sympathy  and  kindly  disposition  to 
help  that  inspired  not  only  the  esteem  hut 
the  warm  regard  of  all  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact.  Shortly  after  beginning 
the  practice  he  was  elected  City  Clerk'  of 
his  native  town,  and  the  light  duties  of 
this  office  he  administered  well  without 
permitting  his  law  practice  to  suffer. 
Then  he  was  nominated  for  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  second  judicial  circuit, 
which  had  always  theretofore  been  over- 
whelmingly Democratic.  His  race  was 
regarded  as  a  forlorn  hope,  hut  so  great 
was  his  personal  popularity,  that  to  the 
surprise  of  everybody  he  was  triumphantly 
elected,  being  the  first  person  to  carry  the 
circuit.  He  served  a  term  as  county 
chairman  and  showed  such  remarkable 
aptitude  for  organization  that  in  1892,  at 
the  regular  organization  of  the  party,  he 
was  chosen  as  district  chairman  and 
member  of  the  State  committee.  From 
that  time  forward  his  influence  has  been 
paramount  in  the  district  and  very  great 
in  the  politics  of  the  State.  At  his  first 
appearance  in  the  State  committee  his 
colleagues  realized  that  here  was  a  young 
man.  quiet  and  conservative,  who.  when 
he  rose  to  his  feel  had  something  to  say. 
said  it  to  the  point  and  said  it  in  such  a 
way  as  to  carry  the  conviction  that  he  was 
right.  In  LS94  he  was  nominated  for 
f'ongress  after  a  long  struggle  in  the  con 
vention,  and  was  elected  by  a  good  big 
majority.  In  Congress  he  was  given  sec 
ond  place  on  the  river  and  harbor  commit- 
tee and  was  responsible  for  the  act  placing 
United      States      Marshals     and      District 


342 


IIISToKY    OF    THE    KEPUBI.K  A  \     PART? 


Attorneys  on  salary,  thus  saving  vast  sums 
to  the  Government.  He  was  renominated 
and  re-elected  in  1896,  and  in  1898  his 
constituents  sent  him  for  the  third  time  to 
Congress.  While  he  seldom  speaks  on  the 
door  his  opinion  in  the  committee  room 
and  among  members  is  very  potent.  A 
man  with  lofty  ideals  and  endowed  with 
force  of  character,  practical  common  sense 
and  the  courage  to  fight  actively  and  un- 
ceasingly for  the  right,  .Air.  Hemenway 
has  already  made  a  strong  impress  upon 
not  only  the  people  of  Indiana,  hut  the 
Nat  ion  at  large,  and  it  goes  without  saying 
that  the  future  holds  for  him  great  things. 


W.   R.   GARDINER. 

Judge  William  R.  (;aki>ixer  is  very 
generally  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
eminent  lawyers  in  Indiana  and  in  the 
field  of  politics  he  has  been  for  years 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  Republicans 
of  the  southern  part  of  the  State. 

William  Ray  Gardiner  was  horn  Janu- 
ary L8,  1837,  on  the  west  shore  of  Seneca 
Lake,  N.  Y.  Ruth  his  parents  were 
of  New  England  origin.  He  remained 
upon  his  father's  farm  until  seventeen 
years  old.  obtaining  such  education  as  he 
could  by  attendance  at  the  neighboring 
district  school  and  a  few  terms  at  the 
Dundee  Academy  and  Starkey  Seminary. 
When  seventeen  lie  taught  a  district 
school  in  the  village  of  Hopeton,  X.  Y. 
The  following  summer  he  went  to  Bourne- 
ville,  Ohio,  where  he  studied  medicine  for 
two  years  and  taught  school  to  obtain 
money  to  attend  medical  colleges  at  Cin- 
cinnati and  Cleveland.  In  ls">7  he  de- 
termined not  to  engage  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  and  came  to  Indiana,  where  he 
taught  school  part  of  the  time  and  part  of 
the  time  was  employed  in  railroading. 
While  teaching  at  Washington  he  began 
reading  law  under  the  direction  of  Judge 
M.  F.Burk.  In  LS63  he  engaged  in  the  pub- 
lication of  a    newspaper   in    Washington 


with  Mr.  E.  A.  Lewis,  but  gave  it  up 
in  November,  lsfci,  to  enter  the  law  office 
of  J.  W.  Burton  as  a  student.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Washington  in 
March.  1863.  En  the  following  autumn  he 
opened  a  law  office  at  Dover  Hill,  Martin 
county,  where  he  practiced  for  a  year, 
later  practicing  at  Loogootee.  February 
14,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Laura  A.  Gib- 
son, a  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  M. 
Gibson,  for  many  years  a  leading  citizen 
of  Martin  county.  They  have  three 
children  living. 

In  1869  Mr.  Gardiner  moved  to  Vin- 
cennes  and  formed  a  partnership  with  the 
late  Col.  C.  M.  Allen,  and  Nathaniel  P. 
Usher.  In  |s>7i'  he  removed  to  Washing- 
ton and  formed  a  law  partnership  with  the 
late  Hon.  S.  H.  Taylor  which  existed 
until  1893.  Mr.  Gardiner  had  come  to 
Indiana  a  Democrat,  hut  in  1864  he  left 
the  Democratic  party  and  took  an  active 
part  in  advocat  ng  the  re-election  of  Pres- 
ident Lincoln.  In  1866  Governor  Morton 
appointee!  him  Prosecuting  Attorney  in 
the  third  judicial  district.  In  1867  Gov- 
ernor Baker  appointed  him  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  second 
district.  Though  Judge  Gardiner  has 
been  fond  of  politics  he  has  been  so  im- 
mersed in  the  duties  of  his  profession  that 
he  constantly  and  consistently  declined  to 
accept  nomination  for  office  until  1886 
when  the  Republicans  were  making  a  des- 
perate effort  to  carry  the  State  legislature 
in  order  to  elect  Harrison  to  the  Senate. 
Then  when  the  Republicans  of  Daviess 
county  demanded  that  he  accept  the  nom- 
ination to  the  legislature  he  yielded  under 
protest  upon  their  representation  that  he 
was  the  only  man  with  whom  they  could 
possibly  carry  the  county.  Although 
Daviess  was  a  Democratic  stronghold  he 
carried  it  by  over  300  majority,  and 
through  the  stormy  scenes  of  the  session 
of  lsx7  was  recognized  as  the  Republican 

leader  of  the  House.  Thereafter  he  con- 
tinued the   practice   of  law  with  hut  one 


"i^l  ^^Ot^occ  1^ 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


diversion  into  the  field  of  politics.  This 
was  in  the  year  of  1898,  when  the  Repub- 
licans of  th'  second  district  unanimously 
tendered  him  the  Congressional  nomina- 
tion, in  the  belief  that  with  him  they  could 
carry  their  district,  the  most  uncompro- 
mising Democratic  district  of  the  State. 
Though  lie  did  not  succeed  in  carrying'  the 
district,  he  cut  down  the  heavy  Demo- 
cratic majority  very  materially.  While 
caring  nothing  for  the  personal  honors  or 
emoluments  of  politic--  Judge  Gardiner 
has  been  an  ardent  Republican  always 
and  has  devoted  time,  money  and  ability 
to  the  success  of  the  party.  He  has  been 
a  delegate  to  the  National  convention  and 
has  frequently  headed  his  county  delega- 
tion at  State  conventions.  During  every 
campaign  his  services  in  the  field  are  in 
great  demand  by  the  State  committee  and 
as  an  eloquent  and  persuasive  campaign 
orator  he  is  famous  throughout  the 
State. 

Judge  Gardiner's  sons.  Charles  G.  and 
William  R.,  Jr.,  were  educated  at  the  In- 
diana University  and  Cornell.  William 
R..  Jr.,  was  appointed  by  President  Har- 
rison as  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Tokio. 
Japan,  and  served  three  years.  He  is  now 
on  the  staff  of  the  New  York  Evening 
Journal.  Charles  G.  is  now  a  member 
of  the  great  law  firm  headed  by  his  father 
with  offices  in  Washington  and  Indianap- 
olis. They  have  one  of  the  greatest  law 
practices  in  the  State,  representing  the  B. 
&  0.  S.  W..  the  E.  &  1.  and  the  E.  &  R. 
railroad  companies,  and  enjoying  a  very 
wide  general  practice.  Judge  Gardiner 
has  been  employed  as  counsel  in  many  of 
the  most  important  cases  arising  in  Indi- 
ana and  Illinois  and  is  known  among  such 
men  a  Harrison.  McDonald  and  others 
of  the  highest  rank.  As  an  aggressive 
public  spirited  citizen  he  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem,  not  only  in  his  home  city 
hut  throughout  Indiana. 


NEWTON   J.    McGUIRE. 

Newton  J.  McGuire  was  horn  on  a 
farm  on  Laughery  ('reek,  near  Rising 
Sun.  Ohio  county.  Indiana,  on  November 
<l.  1868.  His  paternal  ancestors  came 
from  Ireland,  maternal  from  England. 

Mi-.  Mc(  iuire's  great  grandfather,  Ma- 
jor James  McGuire,  fought  under  Lord 
Nelson,  and  helped  capture  the  Danish 
fleet  at  Copenhagen  April  2,  1801.  Later 
he  left  the  navy  and  joined  the  English 
army,  and  while  his  regiment  was  sta- 
tioned in  Canada  he  took  "French  leave" 
and  settled  in  Dearborn  county,  Indiana 
Territory,  in  the  year  1808 ;  married, 
served  as  Major  in  the  War  of  1X12,  and 
later  in  life  became  one  of  the  best  histo- 
rians in  Southeastern  Indiana. 

Mr.  McGuire's  grandfather  was  also 
named  James,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
substantial  citizens  in  Ohio  and  Dearborn 
counties.  Most  of  his  life  was  spent  in 
peaceful  agricultural  pursuits.  He  helped 
his  father,  the  Major,  to  clear  away  the 
forest,  and  to  take  several  flatboat  loads 
of  the  products  of  the  farm  to  New  Or- 
leans, returning  overland  on  foot  or  horse- 
hack,  it  being  before  the  days  of  steam 
navigation. 

Mr.  McGuire's  father,  Michael  McGuire, 
served  three  years  in  the  Civil  War  ;  re- 
turned home,  and,  in  1866,  was  married 
to  Missouri  A.  Burgess,  the  daughter  of 
John  G.  Burgess,  of  English  descent,  a 
native  of  Virginia,  but  a  resident  of  Dear- 
horn  county.  Mr.  McGuire's  father  was, 
for  over  sixteen  years,  a  factor  in  politics 
in  Ohio  county  and  Southern  Indiana. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  county  central 
committee  several  times  ;  was  twice  Sher- 
iff of  the  county,  served  two  terms  as 
Treasurer,  and  was  Postmaster,  under 
Harrison,  at  Rising  Sun.  the  county  seat. 
He  has  been  a  fanner  all  his  life  except 
during  the  time  of  his  official  career. 


■ 


()K   T1IK,   STATE   OF    INDIANA. 


345 


Their  only  son  and  child  is  Newton  J. 
McGuire,  whose  name  introduces  this 
sketch.  The  first  twelve  years  of  Mr. 
McGuire's  life  were  spent  on  a  farm,  when 
the  family  removed  to  Kising  Sun.  He 
graduated  with  high  honors  from  the 
Rising  Sun  High  School  in  1887,  took  a 
summer  course  at  the  National  Normal 
University  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  preparatory 
to  teaching ;  taught  school  two  winters. 
but  later  turned  his  attention  to  law.  In 
September.  1S90,  he  entered  the  law  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
at  Ann  Arbor,  graduating  two  years 
later.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  Sep- 
tember 21,  1891.  While  in  college  he 
became  a  leader  in  debates,  and  won  high 
oratorical  honors.  He  captured  the  prize 
in  the  University  of  Michigan  oratorical 
contest,  the  largest  University  numer- 
ically in  the  United  States,  and  repre- 
sented that  University  in  the  Northern 
oratorical  league  contest,  held  at  Evans- 
ton,  111..  May  6,  1892.  He  graduated  the 
following  June,  and  opened  a  law  office 
in  Rising  Sun  the  next  month  thereafter. 
where  he  practiced  quite  successfully  for 
nearly  two  years.  In  November,  1893, 
he  removed  to  Indianapolis  and  entered 
the  firm  of  Griffiths  &  Potts.  He  was 
with  this  firm  for  over  three  years,  when 
he  again  resumed  the  practice  alone. 

Mr.  McGuire  has  a  good  practice,  both 
in  the  State  and  Ft  deral  courts,  and  stands 
very  high  at  the  Indianapolis  bar.  As  a 
lawyer,  citizen  and  patriot  his  ability,  in- 
tegrity and  tireless  energy  have  won  for 
him  the  respect  and  admiration  of  all  who 
know  him. 

While  in  college  he  helped  launch  a 
new  political  organization.  ••The  Ameri- 
can Republican  College  League.*'  The 
idea  originated  in  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, and  all  the  larger  universities  of  the 
United  States  sent  delegates  to  Ann  Ar- 
bor to  the  organization  meeting.  Mr. 
McGuire    had     the    honor    of    placing    in 


nomination     the    first     president     of    the 
league,  and  bis  speech  on  thai  occasion  was 

a   very  able  effort. 

About  a  week  after  he  left  college  he 
was  elected  State  Commander  of  the  Di- 
vision of  Indiana  Sons  of  Veterans.  This 
honor  was  conferred  by  the  Sixth  Annual 
Encampment,  at  Ft.  Wayne,  and  he  was 
re-elected  by  the  seventh  meeting  at  Terre 
Haute. 

On  October  2,  1894,  Mr.  McGuire  was 
married  to  Miss  Abbiel  L.  Harris,  the 
young  and  accomplished  daughter  of  Cor- 
nelius R.  Harris,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
citizens  of  Southern  Indiana.  They  have 
one  child,  a  son.  Russell  Harris  McGuire, 
now  a  little  more  than  two  years  old. 

Mi-.  McGuire  is  a  member  of  Lodge  No. 
ti.  F.  &  A.  M..  at  Rising  Sun  ;  Indiana- 
polis Lodge  No.  ."Hi.  K.  of  P.:  Ben  Harri- 
son Camp  No.  356,  S.  of  V..  and  the 
Marion  Club,  a  prominent  Republican  or- 
ganization of  Indianapolis. 


K.  W.  BOW  EN. 

Edward  Wright  Bowen,  one  of  the 
most  active  and  influential  young  Repub- 
licans of  the  Stale,  was  born  at  Delphi, 
Indiana.  August  24,  1S61.  His  father. 
Abner  H.  Bowen.  was  a  banker  and 
farmer  who  had  accumulated  very  large 
means  by  purchasing  wild  land,  draining 
it.  and  converting  it  into  rich  farms.  He 
had  been  one  of  tin-  most  powerful  factors 
in  the  development  of  Northeastern  In- 
diana. He  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  having 
been  born  near  Dayton,  whither  his  family 
had  moved  from  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
Welsh  ancestors  had  been  among  the  early 
settlers.  Abner  H.  Bowen  married  Cath- 
arine J.  Trawin,  daughter  of  a  young 
missionary,  born  at  Calcutta.  Their  son. 
Edward,  was  educated  in  the  Delphi  pub- 
lic schools  and  then  sent  to  thi'  Ann  Arbor 
High  School  to  prepare  for  the  University 
of  Michigan.  He  entered  the  University 
in    1884,   but  left  it  before  graduation  to 


346 


H1NTOKY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


go  into  business.  He  grew  up  in  the 
banking  business  at  Delphi,  and  was  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  his  father's  large 
farming  interests.  In  1893,  with  his 
brother  and  John  A.  Cartwright,  he 
formed  the  banking  firm  of  A.  T.  Bowen 
&  Company,  and  though  the  first  year  of 
their  business  saw  the  greatest  panic  the 
country  lias  known  in  two  decades,  the 
new  banking  house  came  through  it  with 
flying  colors,  and  no  financial  institution 
in  the  State  is  managed  with  more  judg- 
ment or  has  better  credit. 

Mr.  Bowen  has  been  an  ardent  Repub- 
lican ever  since  he  was  old  enough  to 
understand  political  principles,  and  while 
he  lias  never  held  office,  nor  aspired  to  it. 
he  lias  been  very  active  and  effective  in 
his  political  work. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  Carroll  county  in  1898,  and 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Carroll  county 
delegation  in  the  State  conventions  of 
1896  and  L898.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Columbia  Club,  of  Indianapolis,  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason  and  a  tnemberof  the 
Mystic  Shrine.  In  bis  social  and  political 
life,  as  well  as  in  bis  business  career,  he 
is  the  same  frank,  straightforward  man. 
inspiring  the  utmost  confidence  among 
those  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact. 

He  was  married  in  June,  1887,  to  Miss 
Delia  K.  Gregg,  near  Rockfield,  Carroll 
county,  and  they  have  two  young  children. 
At  their  handsome  residence,  in  Delphi. 
they  entertain  hospitably  and  live  in  an 
atmosphere  of  culture  and  refinement  that 
makes  home  delightful. 


OLIVER   1".    MORTON. 

A  history  of  the  Republican  party  of 
Indiana  without  a  fairly  complete  sketch 
of  the  life  work  of  Oliver  P.  .Morton  would 
be  the  old  story  of  Hamlet  with  Hamlet 
left  out.  Sprung  from  sturdy  English 
ancestry,  Oliver  Perry  Morton  first  saw 
the  light   in  the  little  town  of  Salisbury, 


the  county  seat  of  Wayne  county,  a  place 
which  lias  now  wholly  disappeared.  He 
was  brought  up  amid  the  rough  and  crude 
surroundings  of  a  country  winch  had  just 
passed  its  pioneer  stage.  In  his  early  life 
he  was  put  to  the  hatter's  trade,  but  he 
was  dissatisfied  with  the  limitations  of 
this  calling  and  as  soon  as  he  could  escape 
from  it.  he  determined  to  acquire  at  least 
the  elements  of  a  liberal  education.  This 
he  did  in  a  course  of  two  years"  study  in 
the  little  college  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  lie- 
turning  to  Indiana,  he  married  and  ap- 
plied himself  to  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
Centerville,  which  had  now  become  the 
seat  of  justice  of  Wayne  county,  and  at 
the  bar  as  well  as  in  the  deflating  society 
of  the  village,  he  became  a  leader.  He 
bad  been  raised  in  the  faith  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  He  voted  for  Polk  against 
Clay,  for  Cass  against  Taylor,  for  Pierce 
against  Scott.  He  was  opposed  to  the 
anti-slavery  agitation.  The  Missouri 
Compromise  had  defined  the  boundaries 
between  slavery  and  freedom,  and  it 
should  be  maintained  inviolate.  The 
Wilmot  proviso,  and  all  other  sources  of 
irritation  between  the  North  and  the 
South,  were  unwise.  Clay's  compromise 
measures  of  IS50  were  to  be  "a  finality." 
It  was  not  until  the  Democracy  had  com- 
mitted itself  to  the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill, 
overthrowing  all  these  compacts  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  slave  |iower.  that  Morton 
broke  the  bonds  which  education  and  cus- 
tom had  imposed,  and  joined  the  new 
party  of  liberty.  lie  attended  as  a  dele- 
gate the  convention  at  Pittsburg.  He 
was  a  leader  among  the  Republicans  of 
his  State  and  they  nominated  him  for 
Governor  in  opposition  to  Ashbel  P.  Wil- 
lard.        The     rival     candidates     took     tin1 

Stump     together     in    debate.       The     contest 

was  close,  but  Morton  was  defeated. 
Willard  became  Governor  and  Buchanan 
President.  During  the  next  four  years 
the  proslavery  element  won  the  suprem- 
acy:   the    Dred     Scott    decision     and     the 


OF   THE   STATE   OF   1X1)1  W  \. 


::4  7 


Lecompton  Constitution  aroused  the  senti- 
ment of  the  North  and  added  to  the 
strength  of  the  Republican  party,  while 
the  breach  between  Douglas  and  the  ad- 
ministration Democrats,  resulting  finally 
in  two  separate  conventions,  offered  a 
bright  promise  of  victory  to  their  oppo- 
nents. To  strengthen  the  Republicans  in 
Indiana  it  was  determined  to  nominate 
for  Governor  Henry  S.  Lane,  who  had 
been  a  Whig,  and  for  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, Morton,  who  had  been  a  Democrat. 
If  the  new  party  should  control  the  legis- 
lature Lane  would  go  to  the  Senate  and 
Morton  would  become  Governor.  And  so 
it  was.  The  Republicans  elected  both  the 
State  officers  and  the  legislature  in  Octo- 
ber, and  in  November  Lincoln  was  chosen 
President.  The  new  administration  was 
confronted  with  the  problem  of  secession. 
South  Carolina  had  already  taken  steps  to 
withdraw  from  the  Union.  Other  States 
were  preparing  to  follow.  What  was  to 
be  done?  Politicians  were  all  at  sea. 
Even  prominent  Republicans  cried,  "  Let 
our  erring  sisters  depart  in  peace;  let  the 
Onion  slide."  Morton's  voice  was  per- 
haps the  first  to  set  forth  the  necessity  of 
preserving  the  Nation  by  force  of  arms. 
Here,  at  the  courthouse,  on  the  22d  of  No- 
vember, IS60,  he  spoke  these  memorable 
words:  •■What  is  coercion  but  the  en- 
forcement of  the  law?  Is  anything  else 
intended  or  required?  Secession  or  nulli- 
fication can  only  be  regarded  by  the  Gen- 
eral Government  as  individual  action  upon 
individual  responsibility.  In  this 

matter  the  President  has  no  discretion. 
He  has  taken  a  solemn  oath  to  enforce  the 
laws  and  preserve  order,  and  to  this  end 
he  has  been  made  commander-in-chief  of 
the  army  and  navy.  Seven  years 

is  but  a  day  in  the  lifetime  of  the  Nation, 
and  I  would  rather  come  out  of  a  struggle 
at  the  end  of  that  time  defeated  in  arms 
and  conceding  independence  to  successful 
revolution   than  to  purchase  present  peace 


by  the  concession  of  principles  that  must 
inevitably  explode  this  Nation  into  small 
and  dishonored  fragments."' 

In  the  midst  of  the  tumult  of  greal 
events,  by  which  this  speech  was  followed 
and  surrounded,  it  has  been  almost  forgot- 
ten by  the  world.  lint  to  those  who  fell 
under  the  spell  of  its  unanswerable  logic 
its  influence  was  lasting  and  unbounded. 
It  outlined  the  purposes  and  set  forth  the 
conviction  of  the  Union  party  during  the 
four  years  of  war.  When  the  legislature 
met.  in  January,  Lane  was  chosen  Senator 
and  Morton  became  Governor  of  Indiana. 
We  must  pass  rapidly  over  the  stirring 
events  that  crowded  lus  administration. 
State  after  State  seceded.  Sumter  fell  and 
the  North  became  one  blaze  of  indignant 
patriotism.  Before  the  news  came  of  Lin- 
coln's call  for  troops  Morton  had  offered 
10,000  men:  4,600  only  was  the  number 
assigned  to  Indiana.  The  quota  was  tilled 
to  overflowing.  Morton  tendered  six  reg- 
iments rnox-e.  The  Government  would  not 
take  them.  He  knew  that  they  would 
soon  he  needed,  so  he  organized  them  as 
State  troops,  and  turned  them  over  to  the 
Federal  authorities  as  soon  as  he  could  get 
them  accepted.  He  called  the  legislature 
together.  He  dispatched  agents  every- 
where for  the  purchase  of  arms.  The 
three  months  regiments  were  sent  to  the 
field.  The  disaster  at  Bui]  Run  awakened 
the  North  to  tin'  gravity  of  the  crisis. 
New  regiments  were  enlisted  for  three 
years.  Call  after  call  for  troops  was 
answered  by  the  patriotic  people  and  by 
the  unparalleled  energy  of  the  great  war 
Governor,  until  the  grand  total  furnished 
by  Indiana  rose  to  the  enormous  number 
,,f  I'os.ooo  men.  The  speed  with  which 
he  raised  troops  in  emergencies  was  phe- 
nomenal. <  hi  theoccasion  of  the  invasion 
of  Kirliy  Smith  and  tin'  subsequent  raid 
by  General  Morgan  regiments  would 
spung  up    is  it  1:\  magic  in  a  single  dav. 


348 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


But  Morton's  efforts  were  not  confined 
to  raising  troops.  He  took  it  upon  him- 
self to  see  that  they  were  properly  equip- 
ped and  did  not  suffer  for  lack  of  clothing, 
food  nor  attention.  It  made  no  difference 
to  him  that  this  duty  belonged  to  the  Fed- 
eral Government;  these  troops  were  In- 
diana men.  they  had  -'one  to  the  field  in 
response  to  his  call,  and  he  did  not  intend 
they  should  suffer.  His  hook  of  tele- 
graphic  correspondence  is  filled  with  mes- 
sages following  up  supplies  of  food  and 
clothing  which  had  not  reached  their  des- 
tination, and  with  protests  against  the 
negligence  of  incompetent  quartermasters 
and  commissaries.  He  called  upon  the 
women  of  Indiana  to  furnish  supplies  nec- 
essary for  the  comfort  and  health  of  the 
men  in  the  field.  He  organized  a  system 
of  State  agents.  Wherever  there  was  an 
Indiana  regiment  there  was  some  one 
from  home  to  look  after  the  welfare  of  the 
men.  It  was  upon  his  instance  that  ad- 
ditional surgeons  were  appointed  in  each 
regiment.  He  established  a  soldiers'  home 
in  Indianapolis.  He  created  the  Indiana 
sanitary  commission,  and  when  a  great 
battle  was  fought,  as  at  Fort  Donelson  and 
Shiloh.  he  collected  physicians  and  nurses. 
chartered  steamboats  and  often  went  to 
the  field  himself  to  see  that  the  wounded 
were  provided  for. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  war  there  was 
a  lack  of  proper  ammunition  and  no 
means  to  procure  it.  Morton,  on  his  own 
responsibility,  established  the  arsenal,  and 
so  well  was  it  managed  that  a  profit  of 
over  $70,000  was  afterwards  turned  over  to 
the  State.  Morton  possessed,  in  a  strong 
degree,  the  military  instinct,  and  at  one 
time  desired  a  command,  hut  he  was 
n led  at  home.  Dissatisfaction  and  con- 
spiracy were  already  beginning  to  show 
themselves  in  his  own  State,  and  there 
was  no  one  to  take  his  place,  so  this  ambi- 
tion had  to  he  relinquished. 

When  Sumter  fell  all  voices  of  sympa- 
thy with  the  South  had  been  stifled  in  the 


universal  hurst  of  patriotic  enthusiasm. 
But  later  on  this  sympathy  began  to  show 
itself  at  first  in  complaints  and  criticisms 
of  those  in  power  and  afterwards  more 
boldly  and  defiantly.  Denunciations  were 
showered  upon  those  who  plunged  us  into 
this  unnatural  struggle  with  our  brethren. 
The  burdens  of  the  war  tax  were  painted 
in  gloomy  colors  and  the  delights  of  peace 
and  reconciliation  were  set  before  the 
people  like  a  pleasant  dream.  Morton 
spoke  at  Rockville  in  answer  to  this  seduc- 
tive talk. 

•'I  love  peace  as  much  as  any  man." 
said  he.  "Its  sweets  are  as  delicious  to 
my  taste  as  to  that  of  any  human  being. 
But  when  I  say  this  I  mean  peace  that  is 
safe.  Peace  that  is  crowned  with  liberty 
and  the  hlessings  of  an  enlightened  civ- 
ilization. I  do  not  mean  that  peace  which 
is  the  sleep  of  death,  which  is  purchased  by 
foul  dishonor,  nor  that  peace  which  is  hut 
another  name  for  submission  to  tyrants 
and  traitors.  It  is  utter  folly  to  talk  about 
peace  without  finding  out  some  method  by 
which  it  may  be  obtained.  I  know  of  hut 
two  conditions.  The  first  is  by  submission 
to  the  disruption  of  the  Union  anal  the  de- 
struction of  the  Government ;  thesecondis 
by  the  submission  to  the  traitors  now  in 
arms.  And  I  appeal  to  you  to-day  to 
answer  the  question  in  your  own  hearts. 
upon  which  of  these  conditions  do  you 
demand  peace." 

As  the  struggle  wore  on  and  reverses 
came  this  disaffection  increased.  In  the 
Democratic  convention  of  January  8,  1 862, 
Mr.  Hendricks  declared  "If  the  failure  and 
folly  and  wickedness  of  the  party  in  power 
should  render  a  restoration  of  the  Union 
impossible  then  the  mighty  Northwest 
must  take  care  of  herself  and  her  own  in- 
terests." In  the  State  election  of  LS62  the 
Democratic  party  was  successful  and  at 
the  beginning  of  1863  the  peace  legisla- 
ture convened:  Morton  had  prepared  his 
message  for  delivery,  hut  the  House  of 
Representatives  declined   to  receive  it,  but 


OF   THE   STATE  OF    INDIANA.  .",■!:• 

in  lieu  thereof  passed  a  resolution  thank-  were  afterwards  discovered  to  be  members 
ing  Governor  Seymour,  of  New  York,  for  of  the  secret  order  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty, 
the  patriotic  defense  of  the  constitution  Bay  less  W.  Hanna  introduced  the  bill.  It 
contained  in  his  message  to  the  legislature  was  adopted  in  caucus  and  had  passed  its 
ofthatState.  An  ••exposure  of  .Morton's  second  reading.  If  it  became  a  law  the 
mismanagement"  was  threatened,  but  it  support  of  Indiana  could  no  longer  be 
ended  in  disappointment.  The  General  counted  upon  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
Assembly  proceeded  to  a  consideration  of  war.  The  Republican  members,  with  Mor- 
the  war.  Hundreds  of  pages  of  resolu-  ton's  concurrence,  determined  to  break  up 
tions  were  tossed  into  the  cauldron  of  the  quorum  in  the  House  of  Represent- 
turbulent  discussion — proposals  for  an  atives,  and  thesession  came  to  an  untimely 
armistice,  for  the  withdrawal  of  the  em  an-  end.  But  the  legislature  bad  made  no 
cipation  proclamation,  for  peace  conven-  appropriations,  and  it  was  believed  that 
tions  to  consider  impossible  compromises  Morton  would  be  forced  to  call  a  special 
— dismal  wailings  at  the  calamities-  of  session  to  carry  on  the  State  government. 
war.  at  the  ■•overthrow  of  sacred  rights  But  he  did  nothing  of  the  kind.  He  es- 
and  liberties  by  tyrants  and  usurpers,"  in-  tablished  on  his  own  responsibility  a  bureau 
coherent  ravings  against  the  President  of  finance,  with  Mr.  Terrell  as  financial 
and  Governor,  the  abolitionists,  the  secretary.  He  applied  to  counties,  cor- 
negroes,  the  tariff  laws,  the  Massachusetts  porations  and  individuals  for  money  to 
Yankees — threats  of  "not  another  man  carry  on  the  government.  This  was  all 
and  not  another  dollar. "  mutual  crimina-  done  on  his  individual  responsibility. 
tions  and  charges  of  treason  and  men-  They  came  forward  and  contributed  large 
dacity — a  great  tumult  of  words — inter-  sums.  The  men  who  gave  their  money 
minable  debates  meaning  nothing  and  knew  that  Morton  could  not  repay  them, 
coming  to  nothing — much  would  be  De-  They  simply  relied  upon  his  word,  sup- 
mosthenic  eloquence,  loud- mo- thed,  disso-  ported,  as  they  believed  it  would  be,  by 
riant  and  ungrammatical.  Meanwhile  the  ultimate  patriotism  of  the  people  of 
reports  of  all  this  wordy  tumult  reached  Indiana.  The  interest  upon  the  State 
the  army,  and  the  answer  was  a  series  of  bonds  became  due.  and  the  State  officers 
resolutions  addressed  to  the  General  As-  refused  to  pay  it.  Morton  applied  to 
sembly.  Those  adopted  by  the  regiments  Winslow,  Lanier  and  Company,  bankers 
at  Stone  River  are  a  sample:  "We  in  New  York,  and  these  patriotic  men  ad- 
tender  to  Governor  Morton  the  thanks  of  vanced  more  than  half  a  million  to  redeem 
his  grateful  friends  in  the  army  for  his  the  credit  of  Indiana.  Morton  also  applied 
extraordinary  efforts  in  their  behalf,  and  to  the  General  Governmenl  for  help. 
assure  him  that  neither  time  nor  the  cor-  Lincoln  could  see  no  way  to  furnish  him 
rupting  influences  of  party  spirit  shall  with  funds.  He  went  to  Stanton.  Stanton 
ever  estrange  the  soldiers  from  the  soldiers'  declared,  "  By  ( rod,  I  will  find  a  law."  He 
friend."  found  one.  and  money  was  advanced  for 
Other  similar  resolutions  followed,  but  the  military  expenses  of  the  State.  When 
the  wrangling  went  on.  It  might  have  the  next  legislature  met  Morton  saw  to  i1 
continued  until  the  end  of  thesession  had  that  all  these  sums  were  returned.  The 
it  not  been  for  a  really  dangerous  scheme  tumult  and  dissatisfaction  continued, 
for  taking  the  military  out  of  Morton's  There  are  many  here  who  will  recall  the 
control  and  putting  it  into  the  hands  of  a  ludicrous  incident  of  the  historic  battle  of 
board  composed  of  men  who  were  opposed  Pogue's  Run  in  your  midst,  when  the 
to    the    war.    and    the    majority  of    whom  trains  were   stopped    as    they  left    the  city 


350 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


and  revolvers  were  taken  from  the  dresses 
of  the  women  who  had  accompanied  the 
■'Butternuts'*  to  the  great  mass  meeting 
in  the  Statehouse  yard. 

Morgan  invaded  the  State,  and  in  less 
than  three  days  all  Indiana  seemed  to  he 
under  arms.  Lincoln  and  Stanton  felt 
that  they  had  no  stronger  supporter  than 
the  man  who  thus  carried  upon  his  own 
shoulders  the  whole  burden  of  his  State. 
The  political  campaign  of  1864  came  on. 
Morton  had  no  competitor  for  the  Repub- 
lican nomination.  McDonald  became  the 
candidate  for  the  Democracy.  There  were 
joint  debates  between  them  in  every  dis- 
trict, and  never  was  Morton's  power  as  a 
speaker  more  strongly  shown.  Able  and 
popular  as  McDonald  was.  he  could  do 
nothing  to  stem  the  tide  of  sentiment 
which  was  now  fully  aroused  in  favor  of 
the  prosecution  of  the  war.  and  Indiana, 
at  the  close  of  the  campaign,  returned  the 
largest  Republican  majority  that  was  ever 
given.  This  was  the  precursor  of  Lincoln's 
election  in  November. 

In  addition  to  Morton's  herculean  ef- 
forts in  raising,  equipping  and  supplying 
troops  and  caring  for  the  men  in  the  held, 
in  addition  to  the  daily  excitement  of  the 
campaign,  his  energies  were  required  to 
expose  and  crush  the  dangerous  conspir- 
acy nourished  by  the  secret  societies,  the 
Knights  of  the  Grolden  Circle,  afterwards 
the  Order  of  American  Knights,  and  then 
the  Sons  of  Liberty,  which  plotted  an 
armed  insurrection  in  the  State,  the  re- 
lease of  the  Confederate  prisoners  at  Camp 
Morton  and  the  assassination  of  the  Gov- 
ernor himself.  Morton's  agents  pene- 
trated the  most  secret  councils  of  the  con- 
spirators. From  day  to  day  he  received 
information  of  their  designs  and  took  such 
efficient  steps  to  thwart  them  that  finally 
this  widespread  conspiracy  became  a  play- 
thing in  bis  hands,  and  by  arousing  the 
indignation  of  the  people  against  it  he 
coerced  it  into  his  own  services  and  the 
service  of  his  country.     There  is  no  time 


here  to  go  into  the  details.  The  North- 
western conspiracy  collapsed.  Some  of 
its  leaders  became  fugitives  from  justice, 
others  were  arrested,  tried,  convicted  and 
held  prisoners  until  after  the  termination  of 
the  war.  The  new  legislature  of  1865  was 
thoroughly  loyal.  It  made  pro  vision  for  the 
repayment  of  the  vast  sums  borrowed  by 
Morton  and  ratified  the  Thirteenth  Amend- 
ment, which  gave  freedom  to  the  slaves. 
The  war  was  now  at  an  end.  The  flag 
floated  everywhere.  As  each  regiment 
returned.  Morton  was  there  to  bid  it  wel- 
come. But  sooii*he  was  stricken  by  the 
hand  of  disease:  '  The  form  that  was  so 
full  of  strength  anil  physical  vigor  could 
scarcely  be  dragged  along  with  cane  and 
crutch.  In  the  hope  of  cure  he  took  a 
brief  respite  from  bis  labors  and  went 
abroad.  It  was  in  vain.  The  disease  had 
fixed  its  hand  upon  him  and  was  incur- 
able. He  could  not  remain  long  away 
from  the  scene  of  his  activities.  He  re- 
turned to  Indiana  and  found  his  party  in 
confusion.  He  rallied  them  in  the  memor- 
able phillippic  at  Masonic  Hall,  and  the 
hopes  of  their  adversaries  withered  and 
perished.  The  new  legislature  sent  him 
to  the  Senate,  where  he  became  one  of  the 
foremost  advocates  of  the  policy  of  Con- 
gress against  that  of  President  Johnson. 
His  great  reconstruction  speech  set  forth 
the  logic  of  this  policy  as  it  had  never 
been  set  forth  before.  The  constitutional 
amendments  followed  the  readmission  of 
the  States  and  the  final  reconstruction 
of  the  Union.  To  his  efforts  more  than 
to  those  of  any  other  man  is  it  due  that 
the  Ffteenth  Amendment  was  ratified  by 
the  three-fourths  of  the  States  which  the 
Constitution  requires.  As  early  as  1  869 
he  introduced  a  measure  for  the  resump- 
tion of  specie  payments,  substantially  the 
same  as  that  which  was  adopted  seven 
years  later.  He  became  a  special  cham- 
pion of  the  loyal  men  of  the  South,  and 
wrought  into  legislation  all  that  could  be 
done    for    their    protection.      He   was   the 


Oliver  P.  Morton. 


OF    THK    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


151 


bulwark  of  Grant's  administration.  He 
advocated  measures  leading  to  the  acqui- 
sition of  San  Domingo,  hi  L876  he  was  a 
candidate  for  the  Republican  nomination 
for  President  at  the  Cincinnati  conven- 
tion. Haves  was  chosen,  and  there  was 
no  one  more  active  and  powerful  than 
Morton  in  his  behalf.  When  the  electoral 
commission  was  devised  Morton  opposed 
it.  But  when  the  bill  passed,  and  he  was 
appointed  a  member,  he  became  one  of  its 
leading  spirits.  But  these  great  labors 
at  last  overcame  him.  He  was  again 
stricken  with  paralysis  while  upon  a 
journey  to  the  Pacific,  and  after  months 
of  suffering  he  passed  from  the  struggles 
of  life. 

What  were  the  physical  and  mental 
traits  of  the  man  who  did  these  things? 
To  those  of  you  who  came  forth  at  his 
call  to  accept  the  wager  of  battle  for  the 
preservation  of  our  National  life  they  are 
well  known.  In  fancy  you  can  see  him 
here  to-day.  A  large  head,  a  high  fore- 
head, black  hair.  dark,  searching  eyes,  a 
serious  countenance,  a  nose  slightly  flat- 
tened at  the  end,  a  voice  not  loud,  but 
deep,  full  and  distinct,  a  huge,  well  pro- 
portioned body,  broad  shoulders,  a  power- 
ful frame  and  commanding  presence  were 
the  physical  manifestations  of  Ins  indom- 
itable will,  his  tenacity  of  purpose  and  the 
plain  and  simple  strength  of  his  intellect 
and  character.  His  mental  processes  were 
clear  as  daylight.  The  object  to  he  at- 
tained he  pursued  by  the  directest  road, 
and  crushed  all  obstacles  by  sheer  force. 
He  disdained  the  finesse  of  diplomacy. 
His  weapon  was  not  the  scimitar  of  Sala- 
din,  hut  the  hammer  of  Thor.  [n  argu- 
ment, as  in  deed,  he  was  not  so  much 
persuasive  as  compelling.  He  would  con- 
dense the  logic  (if  his  opponent  into  a 
few  words,  and  then  "break  it  into  frag- 
ments like  spray  upon  a  rock."  fertile  as 
he  was  in  resources,  the  methods  he  chose 
were  the  plainest  and  most  natural  ones. 
He  was  no  dreamer.       His  work  was  with 


the  practical  duties  of  the  hour.  To  put 
forth  his  power  he  must,  like  Antaeus. 
have  his  feei  upou  the  earth.  In  his 
public  addresses  he  renounced  all  tricks  of 
diction  and  transmitted  a-  nearly  as  he 
could  his  naked  thought.  !!<■  cared  little 
for  the  form  of  his  speech.  Even  method 
in  arrangement  was  neglected.  If  what 
he  said  brought  conviction,  that  was 
enough.  His  earnestness  was  so  manifesl 
that  all  who  heard  him  felt  its  influence. 
Be  employed  the  language  of  the  masses. 
His  mode  df  presenting  a  subject  was  so 
plain  that  a  child  could  understand  it. 
And  sometimes  from  this  very  simplicity 
his  diction  was  matchless.  Morton  was 
rarely  dramatic,  yet  in  some  of  his  speeches 
after  the  war  was  over  he  invoked  most 
impressively  the  recollections  of  his 
hearers  by  asking  those  who  had  lost 
friends  in  the  army,  either  in  prison  or  in 
battle,  who  remembered  some  dear  face 
that  they  could  see  no  more,  to  rise  and 
come  to  him  and  take  his  hand.  Multi- 
tudes would  come,  many  in  tears.  He 
knew  that  this  was  a  power  stronger  than 
words:  that  there  was  something  in  these 
memories  over  which  his  political  adver- 
saries could  not  prevail.  Many  of  his 
written  speeches  arc  marvels  of  condensa- 
tion, in  which  it  is  hard  to  make  an  alter- 
ation which  will  add  to  their  clearness  or 
shorten  their  expression.  Except  in  the 
midst  of  hitter  opposition  he  cared  little 
for  applause.  The  attention  of  his  audi- 
ence was  more  grateful  to  him  than  their 
plaudits.  And  he  was  always  heard  with 
attention,  no  matter  how  long  the  speech 
or  dry  the  subject.  There  was  no  man  of 
his  time  who  could  hold  so  many  thou- 
sands in  silence  before  him  for  so  many 
hours.  In  his  early  manhood  his  com- 
manding physical  presence  added  to  the 
impression  he  produced.  Hut  later,  when 
crippled  by  disease  and  he  spoke  from  his 
chair    ("Sitting  Bull,"     his      adversaries 

called    him),    the   etl'ect     ol     his    oratory     lost 

nothing    bv     the     manifestation     of     the 


352 


HISTORY    <>h'   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


infirmity  through  which  he  had  dragged 
himself  to  the  argument.  His  physical 
helplessness  set  in  still  stronger  relief  the 
power  of  his  commanding  intellect  and 
indomitable  will.  Great  as  were  the  in- 
consistencies of  Morton's  views  upon  sub- 
ordinate questions  at  different  periods  of 
his  career,  he  kept  constantly  before  him 
as  the  objects  of  his  political  life  two 
things:  First,  the  maintenance  of  the 
Federal  Union;  second,  the  perpetuation 
for  all  time  to  come  of  the  great  results 
accomplished  by  the  war.  Before  all 
things  he  was  loyal  to  the  Nation.  And 
yet  he  had  an  intense  State  pride  and  a 
devoted  attachment  to  the  commonwealth 
of  which  he  stood  at  the  head.  He  felt 
keenly  the  humiliation  which  rested  upon 
Indiana  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  its 
depreciated  credit,  in  the  widespread  con- 
tempt of  Hoosier  rawness  and  ignorance 
and  in  the  imputation  which  had  been 
cast  upon  the  courage  of  the  Indiana 
troops  at  Buena  Vista.  He  determined 
that  the  honor  of  his  State  should  he  re- 
deemed, not  by  the  assertion  or  its  sover- 
eignty nor  by  denying  the  powers  of  the 
Federal  Government,  hut  by  generous 
emulation  of  its  sister  States  in  courage, 
credit  and  patriotism.  No  State  should 
surpass  Indiana  in  its  energy  and  prompt- 
ness in  furnishing  troops  and  supplies  for 
the  war.  Its  financial  reputation  must 
he  beyond  the  taint  of  suspicion,  and  later, 
in  the  Senate,  he  in  his  own  person  as- 
serted  that   intellectual   leadership   which 

he  sought  for  the  Commonwealth  he  repre- 
sented. And  he  realized  his  ambition  for 
his  State.  At  no  time  in  its  history  did 
Indiana  advance  so  rapidly  in  reputation, 
in  popularity  and  even  in  material  re- 
sources as  between  L86P  and  l^To.  anil 
this  in  spite  of  the  burdens  of  a  destruct- 
ive war.  During  these  years,  whether 
he  occupied  the  executive  chair  or  rep- 
resented his  State  in  the  first  legisla- 
tive tribunal  of  the  country.  Morton  was 
at     the    helm.       At     the     beginning     he 


determined  to  lie  no  partisan.  Democrats 
and  Republicans  were  to  lie  treated  alike. 
lh'  would  recognize  two  parties  only,  the 
supporters  of  the  Nation  "and  the  base 
faction  of  its  foes."  Even  those  who  hail 
been  disloyal,  like  Horace  Hefi'ren.  when 
they  gave  evidence  of  returning  patriot- 
ism were  the  recipients  of  his  patronage 
that  the  cause  of  the  Union  might  he 
strengthened.  Joseph  Wright,  a  life 
long  Democrat,  was  sent  to  the  Senate. 
Hut  as  the  war  went  on  and  conspiracies. 
upheld  by  a  large  portion  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  plotted  treason  in  the  heart 
of  his  own  State,  when  the  prospect  of  a 
Northwestern  confederacy  was  offered  to 
the  people  by  some  of  its  leaders,  when 
the  Chicago  convention  of  1864  declared 
the  war  a  failure,  the  conviction  grew 
upon  him  that  the  maintenance  of  the 
Union  could  only  he  accomplished  through 
the  instrumentality  of  the  Republican 
parts  and  his  intolerance  of  its  opponents 
became  deep  and  bitter.  He  was  no  com- 
promiser. So  long  as  the  South  lifted  a 
mailed  hand  he  offered  nothing  hut  a 
mailed  hand  in  return.  The  Republican 
party,  in  his  view,  was  the  only  agency 
through  which  the  results  of  the  war 
could  he  secured.  That  party  must  pre- 
vail. Other  things  must  give  way.  Even 
his  own  beliefs  in  other  matters  must  be 
subordinated.  The  party  was  greater 
than  the  individual.  And  as  he  sub- 
mitted  himself  to  party  government  he 
insisted  upon  it  for  all  others. 

One  of  his  most  remarkable  character- 
istics was  the  slowness  ami  constancy  of 
his  intellectual  growth.  In  his  early  years 
he  was  a  conservative,  true  to  the  tradi- 
tions of  the  Democratic  party,  in  which 
he  had  been  horn — not  yet  aroused  by  the 
great  issues  of  human  slavery.  Hut  when 
the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  was 
proposed  he  renounced  his  allegiance  and 
joined  the  party  of  liberty.  When  he  first 
entered  its  councils  it  was  still  as  a  con 
servative.     He  would  not  go  to  the  length 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


demanded  by  the  Abolitionists.  There 
must  be  no  interference  with  the  domestic 
institutions  of  the  States,  the  Territories 
alone  were  to  be  the  battlefield  between 
freedom  and  slavery.  When  the  war 
commenced  the  preservation  of  the  Union 
was  the  motive  which  animated  him,  and 
it  always  remained  the  controlling  motive 
of  his  life.  But  gradually,  as  the  evils  of 
slavery  grew  upon  him.  he  became  more 
earnest  in  his  opposition  to  it. 

Morton  was  born  a  commander.  He 
would  not  follow  anybody  in  anything. 
He  would  always  have  his  own  way.  His 
associates  bore  witness  to  this  sometimes 
most  unwillingly.  Among  those  who  did 
not  dispute  his  leadership  he  was  well  be- 
loved. With  others  he  was  often  an  object 
of  jealousy  and  envy.  An  autocrat  by  the 
divine  right  of  pre-eminent  ability,  many 
traits  of  his  character  were  essentially 
autocratic.  He  was  often  intolerant  of 
those  who  opposed  him  and  believed  in  his 
own  conclusions  so  utterly  that  not  to  be- 
lieve in  them  was.  in  a  follower,  something 
akin  to  treason.  He  preferred  the  sub- 
stance to  mere  show  of  power.  In  one 
of  his  campaigns,  before  he  became  Gov- 
ernor, he  talked  with  a  friend  upon  the 
proper  objects  of  political  ambition.  "  I 
would  rather  he  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  than  anything  else."  said 
his  friend:  ''that  body  is  nearest  to  the  peo- 
ple."' "]  would  rather  be  the  man  who 
makes  Congressmen."  said  Morton,  ••than 
the  Congressman  himself."  He  branded 
his  personality  on  all  around  him.  Some- 
times circumstances  make  the  man.  but 
Morton  was  a  man  who  made  circum- 
stances bend  to  his  imperious  will.  Y\ 'bile 
Governor  of  Indiana  he  was  the  State,  in 
and  through  whom  it  acted,  the  center  of 
all  authority. 

He  was  thoroughly  conscious  of  his  own 
powers  and  entirely  reliant  on  them.  He 
never  avoided  responsibility.  No  matter 
how  great  the  emergency  he  was  a  little 
greater  than  its  requirements        Me  was 


careful  in  the  selection  of  the subordinat*  - 
to  whom  he  confided  I  he  details  of  his  ad- 
ministration, and  troubled  himself  per- 
sonally only  with  the  genera]  results  of 
their  work.  He  was  impatient  concerning 
unimportant  things.  The  fields  of  his 
activity  were  too  large  for  him  to  waste 
his  energy  upon  trifles.  His  financial  in 
tegrity  was  above  question.  After  a  life 
which  offered  unlimited  opportunities  for 
money  making  he  died  possessed  of  a  very 
modest  competence.  He  was  avaricious 
of  power  and  reputation  and  not  of  wealth. 
He  accepted  no  retaining  fees,  covering 
bargains  for  Senatorial  influence  under 
cloak  of  compensation  for  legal  advice. 
He  gave  his  whole  time  to  the  public' 
service. 

His  friendship  for  the  soldier  did  not 
proceed  from  mere  desire  for  popularity. 
At  any  hour,  under  any  circumstances,  no 
matter  how  imperative  the  demands  upon 
his  time,  he  gave  way  to  their  appeals  and 
became  as  tender  as  a  woman  in  his  sym- 
pathy. His  confidence  in  Indiana  troops 
was  such  that  he  never  hesitated  to  ask 
their  services.  When  the  Forty-Third 
returned  on  veteran  furlough,  .Morton 
asked  them  to  give  it  up  and  go  at  once 
to  the  relief  of  Kentucky,  and  on  the  next 
day  they  were  on  their  way  to  Frankfort. 
His  industry  was  unflagging. 

While  Morton  did  not  realize  the  high- 
est aim  of  his  personal  ambition  in  an 
election  to  the  Presidency,  he  was  fortunate 
beyond  many  in  that  he  saw  the  accom 
plishnient  of  the  great  purposes  of  his 
political  lite.  He  witnessed  the  over- 
throw of  the  Rebellion,  the  extinction  of 
slavery,  the  reconstruction  of  the  States, 
and  the  enfranchisement  of  the  negro  by 
constitutional  amendment,  measures  to  all 
of  which  he  had  been  so  important  a  contri- 
butor. He  saw  his  own  plan  for  the  return 
to  specie  payments,  rejected  at  the  time, 
at  last  substantially  embodied  in  the 
resumption  act  and  in  process  of  accom- 
plishment.     When   he  died    the    party    in 


23 


35-f 


HISTORY    OK    THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


which  he  had  been  so  eminent  a  leader 
was  still  in  the  fullness  of  power.  He 
was  the  representative  of  his  native  State 
in  the  most  august  legislative  body  in  the 
world.  He  died  in  harness,  full  of  honors 
and  victory. 


The  only  offices  Mr.  Moore  has  ever 
held  are  those  of  City  Attorney  for  the 
city  of  Kokomo  and  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  the  thirty-sixth  judicial  circuit. 


HON.   JOHN  E.   MOO  HE. 

John  E.  Moore  was  horn  in  Grant 
county.  Indiana,  upon  a  farm  which  is 
now  included  within  the  corporate  limits 
of  Gas  City.  His  father.  Jabez  H. 
Moore,  was  of  Irish  and  English  parent- 
age, and  his  mother,  Temperance  Moore, 
was  of  pure  English  blood.  His  early 
boyhood  was  passed  on  the  farm  in  such 
work  as  is  ordinarily  required  to  be  per- 
formed by  a  boy  so  situated. 

After  receiving  an  academic  education 
he  attended  the  law  department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  from  which  in- 
stitution he  graduated  with  high  honors 
in  the  year  L873.  Soon  thereafter  he 
located  in  the  city  of  Kokomo.  Indiana, 
and  began  the  practice  of  law  and  has 
since  been  continuously  engaged  in  his 
chosen  profession,  in  which,  as  well  as  in 
business  ventures,  he  has  been  remarkably 
successful. 

Mr.  Moore's  father  cast  Ins  first  vote 
for  John  Quincy  Adams  for  President, 
and  was  a  steadfast  adherent  to  and  an 
active  worker  in  the  ranks  of  the  Whig 
party  during  the  existence  of  that  organi- 
zation, and  promptly  joined  the  Republi- 
can party  upon  its  formation.  It  is 
therefore  not  surprising  that  the  subject 
of  this  biography  has  at  all  times  been  an 
enthusiastic  and  active  Republican.  He 
is  recognized  as  a  safe  party  adviser,  a 
liberal  contributor  and  an  entertaining 
and  convincing  speaker  and  has  served 
his  party  as  chairman  of  the  Republican 
county  committee.      Truly  he 

"  Is  in  stern  tight  a  champion  grim. 
In  camp  a  leader  sage." 


WILLIAM    PIRTLE    HEROD. 

William  Piktle  Herod,  the  fifth  Wil- 
liam Herod  in  this  country,  is  of  a  family 
intimately  connected  with  the  politics  of 
this  State.  His  grandfather.  William 
Herod,  was  one  of  the  prominent  figures 
in  the  political  life  of  Indiana  during  the 
first  half  and  middle  of  the  present  cen- 
tury. Coming  from  Kentucky  in  1S24-, 
he  settled  in  Columbus,  Bartholomew 
county,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law,  and  entered  actively  into  politics. 
holding  many  county  offices.  In  183b"  he 
was  elected  member  of  Congress  from  the 
sixth  district,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  William  Kennard,  and.  at 
the  expiration  of  that  term,  received  the 
nomination  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress  for  the  succeeding  term,  serving 
there  on  important  committees.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  constitutional  conven- 
tion in  1852,  one  of  the  prominent  law- 
yers of  the  State,  and.  until  his  death  in 
L871,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Republican 
party  in  his  district.  William  W.  Herod, 
the  father  of  William  Pirtle  Herod,  was 
born  in  Columbus.  Bartholomew  county. 
Indiana.  February  8,  1835,  and.  upon  his 
graduation  in  law  from  the  Louisville 
Law  School  in  1861,  formed  a  partnership 
with  his  father  for  the  practice  of  the 
law.  and  also  entered  politics  with  the 
energy  and  activity  of  youth.  In  1866  he 
made  a  campaign  as  candidate  for  the 
State  Senate  against  the  Hon.  T.  G.  Lee, 
and  was  the  candidate  for  the  Republican 
party  for  Congress  in  1872  against  the 
Hon.  W.  S.  Holman.  Moving  to  India- 
napolis in  1  s 7 ."> .  he  entered  at  once  into 
politics,  was  active  with  the  party  there, 
and.    in    1*7*.    was  elected  a  member  of 


■^L-  &  *?*< 


*?~&-z^<t/ 


356 


HISTORY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


the  Lower  House  of  the  legislature.  In 
I  89]  lie  received  a  unanimous  nomination 
of  the  Republican  party  as  its  candidate 
for  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Indianapolis 
and  was  defeated  by  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Sullivan. 

William  Pirtle  Herod  was  born  July 
27,  L864,  at  Columbus,  Indiana,  coming 
to  the  city  of  Indianapolis  in  L875.  He 
received  bis  education  at  the  public  schools 
iif  Indianapolis,  the  Indianapolis  Classi- 
cal School  and  Yale  University.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  State  in  lss? 
and  to  the  Federal  bar  in  L889.  In  1890 
he  married  Miss  Mary  Beaty  Applegate, 
the  daughter  of  Bergen  Applegate.  of  In- 
dianapolis, and  has  three  children,  Bergen 
Applegate  Herod.  Mary  Beaty  Herod  and 
William  Rogers  Herod. 

Though  never  holding  offices,  Mr.  Herod 
has  always  been  active  in  the  work  of  the 
Republican  party.  In  lsiis  he  was  a 
candidate  for  nomination  for  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  against  the  Hon.  John  L. 
McMasters,  and  though  his  opponent  had 
the  prestige  of  age  and  honorable  service 
for  the  preceding  term  as  Judge,  together 
with  an  enviable  war  record,  Mr  Herod 
was  defeated  by  but  five  votes  in  a  con- 
vention of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-three 
delegates.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
leaders  in  that  wonderful  movement 
which  culminated  in  the  election  of  the 
Hon.  Albert  J.  Beveridge  to  the  United 
States  Senate  and  is  recognized  as  a  valu- 
able worker  and  adviser  in  the  Republican 
party  in  the  city,  county  and  State.  Mr. 
Herod  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest 
and  most  successful  of  the  younger  law 
yers  at  the  Indianapolis  bar,  his  practice 
having  been  extensive  in  the  United  States 
Courts  of  this  State  and  the  districts  of 
Michigan.  Wisconsin.  Illinois,  Kentucky. 
Ohio  and  Missouri.  Joseph  R.  Ih-od.  a 
brother,  is  at  present  Secretary  of  the 
United   States   Legation   at  Tokio.  Japan. 


WILLIAM    W.    DUDLEY. 

The  lapse  of  more  than  a  decade  and  a 
half  since  General  William  W.  Dudley 
participated  actively  in  Indiana  politics 
has  not  sufficed  to  dim  the  lustre  of  bis 
high  reputation  as  a  political  manager  nor 
to  in  the  least  eclipse  his  memory  among 
either  Republicans  or  Democrats.  But  it 
is  not  as  a  political  manager  alone  that 
General  Dudley  has  earned  high  place. 
As  a  lawyer  he  has  a  reputation  that  is 
country  wide;  as  a  vigorous  and  efficient 
public  officer  his  name  stands  high  upon 
the  list,  and  as  a  brave  and  gallant  soldier 
no  man  that  went  out  of  Indiana  can  pro- 
duce a  finer  war  record. 

William  Wade  Dudley  is  a  native  of 
Vermont,  hern  at  Weatherstield  Bow, 
Windsor  county.  August  27,  1842,  his 
maternal  grandfather  being  Colonel  Na- 
thaniel Wade,  of  Massachusetts,  who  won 
fame  under  Washington.  His  education 
began  at  Phillips  Academy.  Danville.  Vt., 
and  continued  at  Russel's  Collegiate  and 
Commercial  Institute.  New  Haven,  Conn., 
a  semi-military  school,  where  military  sci- 
ence and  tactics  are  taught,  where  he  pre- 
pared to  enter  the  class  of  L862  at  Yale. 
Being  compelled  to  abandon  his  college 
career  in  order  to  earn  a  support  for  him- 
self and  his  parents,  he  removed  to  Indiana 
in  I860,  and  was  engaged  in  the  business 
of  milling  and  buying  and  selling  grain 
in  the  town  of  Richmond,  Ind..  when  the 
call  to  arms  came  to  him  in  1861,  as  it  did 
to  his  forefathers  in  177U  Under  the 
second  call  of  President  Lincoln  for  300,- 
000  men,  the  Richmond  Greys  made  him 
their  Captain.  He  tendered  his  company 
to  Governor  Morton  for  service  during 
tin  war.  It  was  at  once  accepted,  and  on 
July  •">.  1861,  he  was  assigned  to  the 
Nineteenth  Regiment,  Indiana  Volunteers, 
commanded  by  the  late  General  Sol.  Mer- 
edith. With  his  regiment  he  was  sent  to 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated 
in  all  its  engagements,  beginning  at   Lew- 


■ 


OF    THE    STATE    <>K    I X I  >  I  VNA. 


insville.  Va..  September  11  and  21,  186]  : 
at  Rappahannock  Station,  August  L6,  17 
and  Is;  Sulphur  Springs,  near  Warring- 
ton, August  25  and  26  :  Gainesville,  Au- 
gust 28;  Bull  Run  (second),  August  29 
and  30;  South  Mountain.  September  11. 
and  Antietam,  September  16,  17  and  Is. 
L862.  In  this  last  engagement  he  com- 
manded his  regiment,  remaining  in 
command  until  December  1.  L862,  when,  by 
Colonel  Meredith's  promotion,  he  became 
Lieutenant-Colonel.  Having  waived  his 
rank  and  given  the  Colonelcy  to  a  Captain 
of  lower  rank,  he  participated  with  his 
regiment  on  December  13  and  L4,  L862, 
at  Fredericksburg;  at  Fitzhugh  Crossing. 
April  30  and  May  1,  1863;  at  Chancellors- 
ville.  May  3  and  4,  1863,  and  on  July  1. 
L863,  at  Gettysburg,  where  his  regiment — 
a  part  of  the  old  Iron  Brigade — lost  sev- 
enty-two per  centum  of  the  men  engaged 
on  that  day.  Colonel  Dudley  being  one  of 
the  wounded,  resulting  to  him  in  the  am- 
putation of  his  right  leg.  He  received  a 
brevet  as  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers, 
"for  gallantry  in  action  July  1.  L863." 
He  was  honorably  discharged  .June  30, 
L864,  after  having  veteranized  and  re- 
turned with  his  regiment.  Not  being  able 
to  participate  in  the  Crant  campaign  in 
the  Wilderness,  he  resigned  in  order  that 
others  might  be  promoted  in  his  stead,  and 
accepted  a  clerkship  in  the  Pension  Office 
in  Washington.  I).  C.  He  served  here  till 
March.  L865,  when  he  was  appointed  Cap- 
tain in  the  Regular  Army  and  was  as- 
signed to  Judge  Advocate's  duty,  serving 
as  Judge  Advocate  until  June  30,  1866, 
when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  his  home 
in  Richmond,  Indiana.  At  his  home,  in 
Wayne  county,  Indiana.  Colonel  Dudley 
was  twice  elected  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court — in  October,  1866,  and  October, 
1870.  <  »n  January  L9,  L875,  after  a 
thorough  preparation,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  Wayne  county  bar,  but  left  it  the  Sep 
tember  following  to  become  cashier  of  the 


Richmond  Savin--  Bank,  from  which  he 
was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for 
Indiana  on  February  11.  1*79.  General 
Dudley  had  been  active  in  politics  ever  since 
the  close  of  the  war  and  his  appointment 
showed  an  appreciation  of  his  high  politi- 
cal abilities,  but  it  was  during  tin  follow- 
ing year,  in  the  memorable  campaign  oi 
1880,  that  he  was  able  to  display  his  abili- 
ties in  a  wider  field.  The  Republican  State 
committee  asked  him  to  undertake  the 
management  of  the  legislative  campaign. 
He  set  about  it  in  the  minute  and  indus- 
trious way  that  he  generally  went  about 
his  political  work,  first  making  a  dose 
and  careful  analysis  of  the  vote  of  every 
county  in  the  State.  When  he  had  com- 
pleted his  figures  he  called  in  a  few  of  his 
friends  and  told  them  that  the  Republicans 
could  carry  the  State  and  also  the  legis 
lature  by  a  safe  majority  and  showed  them 
the  figures.  They  were  more  than  skep- 
tical. While  they  believed  it  possible  by 
tremendous  efforts  to  carry  the  State  on 
the  electoral  ticket  the  gerrymander  was 
such  that  they  were  incredulous  about 
carrying  the  legislature.  General  Dudley. 
however,  worked  at  the  problem  faithfully 
and  industriously  and  the  election  verified 
his  prediction.  His  work  resulted  in  a 
majority  of  seventeen  on  joint  ballot,  and 
in  sending  General  Harrison  to  the  United 
States  Senate  and  thus  giving  to  the  field 
of  National  politics  one  of  the  greatesl 
men  America  has  produced. 

Genera]  Garfield  recognized  General 
Dudley's  abilities  by  making  him  Cominis 
sioner  of  Pensions.  He  administered  the 
pension  office  in  a  very  earnest  way. 
without  any  beat  of  drums  or  sound  of 
trumpets,  and  without  any  aspirations  for 
higher  place  himself.  His  work  was  in  the 
interesl  of  the  soldier  and  the  people.  He 
was  familiar  with  the  office  for  there  he 
had  served  as  a  clerk  in  L864,  going  from 
there  direct  into  the  regular  army.  At 
the   close   (if    his   term    hi'    eim'aijcd     in    a 


:s;,s 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN   PARTY 


number  of  successful  business  enterprises, 
mostly  in  tbe  line  of  building  cable  roads, 
and  finally  settled  in  Washington  in  tbe 
practice  of  law  as  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Brittnn  &  Gray.  In  L888  his  last  active 
participation  in  politics  occurred,  when  be 
was  chosen  member  of  the  Republican 
National  committee  from  Indiana.  He 
gave  up  law  partnership  and  devoted  his 
time  for  months  at  tbe  party  headquarters 
in  New  York,  giving  his  special  attention 
to  tbe  organization  of  the  party  in  Indiana. 
Tbis  State  he  assisted  in  organizing  more 
minutely  than  it  had  ever  been,  bringing 
it  down  to  a  point  where  there  was  one 
member  of  the  precinct  organization  to  look 
after  every  five  doubtful  voters.  It  was 
out  of  one  of  bis  letters  detailing  tbis 
method  of  organization  that  tbe  famous 
"Blocks  of  Five"  charge  arose. 

The  Democratic  managers  in  Indiana 
and  Democratic  newspapers  throughout 
the  country  raised  a.  great  hue  and  cry 
about  this  letter,  charging  that  Dudley 
had  divided  the  voters  of  Indiana  into 
blocks  of  five  for  corrupt  purposes.  The 
absurdity  of  this  notion  was  shown 
when  it  was  investigated  by  the  Federal 
Court. 

At  the  close  of  the  campaign  General 
Dudley  steadfastly  declined  offers  of 
political  appointment,  preferring  to  retire 
to  private  life,  and  he  then  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  at  Washington  by 
himself. 

In  1891  the  firm  of  Dudley  &  Mich- 
ener  was  formed,  ex-Attorney-General  L. 
T.  Michener  joining  General  Dudley,  and 
that  firm  still  enjoys  a  National  reputa- 
tion as  distinguished  lawyers. 

While  the  charges  made  against  him 
by  the  Democratic  managers  have  been 
forgotten,  the  glorv  of  his  unselfish  sac- 
rifices for  bis  country  on  the  field  of 
battle  and  bis  unselfish  work  for  bis 
party  in  the  field  of  politics  shines  forth 
brighter  as  the  years  go  by. 


JUDGE  GEORGE  W.  GRUBBS. 

Tbe  Republican  party  of  Indiana  has 
no  deeper  thinker  nor  more  valuable  sup- 
porter than  Judge  Geo.  W.  Grubbs  of 
.Martinsville.  A  man  of  unquestioned  in- 
tegrity, of  lofty  purposes  and  ideals,  and 
of  tbe  widest  reading  and  study,  his  ideas 
are  broad  and  well  balanced  and  his 
methods  of  thought  clean  cut.  When 
there  is  a  question  of  what  position  the 
party  shall  take  upon  any  great  problem 
of  importance,  no  man's  judgment  is 
clearer  or  better  than  his  and  no  man's 
advice  is  more  thoroughly  respected  by 
the  party  leaders. 

George  Washington  Grubbs  was  born 
at  Franklin.  Johnson  county.  Indiana. 
September  26,  1841. 

He  graduated  from  Franklin  College 
in  June.  1861,  before  he  bad  reached  his 
twentieth  year.  For  the  year  ending  in 
June,  1862,  he  was  principal  of  Frank- 
lin Academy. 

[u  August,  L862,  he  enlisted  as  a  vol- 
unteer in  Company  I  of  the  Seventieth 
Regiment  of  Indiana  Volunteers,  and 
went  with  the  regiment  to  the  field  on 
tbe  12th  of  that  month,  remaining  at 
the  front  until  November  15,  1KC4,  and 
participating  in  all  the  marches  and  bat- 
tles in  which  the  regiment  was  engaged. 
He  was  elected  Second  Sergeant  of  his 
company,  and  successively  promoted  to 
First  Sergeant,  Sergeant  Major  and  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Company  F,  and  became  First 
Lieutenant,  commanding  bis  company 
on  some  of  the  severest  engagements 
of  the  Atlanta  campaign.  In  August, 
L864:,  he  was  promoted  and  made  Assistant 
Adjutant  General  of  the  First  Brigade  of 
the  Third  Division  of  the  Twentieth  Army 
Corps,  the  brigade  being  commanded  by 
General  Benjamin  Harrison.  November 
20,  1864,  he  was  commissioned  Major  and 
transferred  to   the   Forty-Second    United 


'6&UA 


(yfc&tJZtfL 


sC*£~ 


360 


H1STOHY    <>K    THK    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


States  Colored  Infantry.  He  assisted  in 
organizing  the  regiment,  was  in  the 
Nashville  campaign,  and  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  war  was  in  active  service. 
commanding  posts  at  Huntsville  and  De- 
catur. Ala.,  and  was  mustered  out  March 
1.   L866. 

After  returning  from  the  war  he  read 
law.  He  entered  the  Central  Law 
School,  and  graduated  in  1868,  having 
during  that  period  heen  a  student  in  the 
law  office  of  Porter.  Harrison  &  Fishhack. 
The  same  year  he  located  at  Martinsville, 
this  State,  anil  began  the  practice  of  law. 
and  has  belonged  successively  to  the  firms 
of  McNutt  &  Grubbs,  Grubbs  &  Mont- 
gomery, and  Grubbs  &  Parks,  taking 
part,  practically,  in  all  the  important  liti- 
gation, civil  and  criminal,  in  Morgan. 
Owen  and  adjoining  counties,  with  the 
exception  of  Marion. 

In  L874  he  was  elected  as  a  Represent- 
ative from  Morgan  county  to  the  State 
legislature  and  served  with  credit  and 
ability  during  the  session  of  1875.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  joint  Senator  for 
Marion  and  Morgan  counties,  and  served 
during  the  sessions  of  1*77  and  1879, 
serving    as    chairman     of     the    judiciary 

committee. 

He  was  an  active  supporter  of  the  move- 
ment to  build  a  new  State  House,  and  for 
a  general  revision  of  the  laws.  In  1880 
he  was  nominated  for  Congress  from  the 
fifth  Congressional  district,  making  the 
race  against  Col.  ( '.  0.  Matson.  hut  was 
defeated  with  his  party  in  that  district. 
In  IS88  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  fif- 
teenth judicial  circuit,  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Morgan  and  Owen.  In  1894 
he  was  reelected  by  an  increased  major- 
ity. In  politics  Judge  Grubbs  is  a  Repub- 
lican.  He  is  mild  hut  firm  in  his  manner  : 
stands  well  in  his  community  as  a  chris- 
tian gentleman,  and  ranks  high  among 
the  members  of  the  bar  as  an  able  lawyer 
anil  just  Judge. 


JAMES  F.  STATESMAN. 

Hon.  James  F.  Stutesman.  of  Peru, 
is  known  in  every  corner  of  Indiana  as 
one  of  the  most  popular  young  Repub- 
lican leaders  of  the  State.  An  eloquent 
and  persuasive  speaker,  a  man  who  makes 
friends  easily  and  holds  them  loyally,  he 
has.  ever  since  his  legislative  experience  in 
1  s<).-,.  held  a  large  and  powerful  following 
of  friends  throughout  Indiana. 

James  Flynn  Stutesman  was  born  at 
Peru.  July  19,  1860.  His  father  was 
James  Madison  Stutesman,  a  retired  hard- 
ware merchant,  whose  ancestors  originally 
came  from  Hanover.  His  mother,  Eliza- 
beth Stutesman,  was  of  Scotch-Irish  stock. 
The  young  man  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Peru  and  graduated  from  the 
high  school  in  1*75.  For  the  next  thiee 
years  he  was  cashier  and  bookkeeper  in  the 
store  of  John  S.  Hale  &  Co.  In  1879  he 
entered  Wabash  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  18*4,  and 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M. 
in  1896.  During  the  summer  of  1884  and 
1SS5  he  served  as  an  assistant  of  Prof.  John 
L.  Campbell,  Chief  of  the  United  States 
Geodetic  Survey  for  Indiana.  In  the  au- 
tumn of  1884  he  began  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Cole  &  McClintic,  hut  in  a 
few  months  left  their  office  to  serve  as  a 
clerk  for  the  firm  of  George  D.  Baldwin  & 
Co..  on  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade,  where 
he  remained  two  years.  He  then  lo 
cated  in  Kansas  as  a  real  estate  dealer 
and  investment  hanker.  In  1891  Attor- 
ney-General Miller  appointed  him  Exam- 
iner in  the  Department  of  Justice  and  he 
traveled  over  the  country  auditing  accounts 
of  District  Attorneys.  Commissioners. 
Marshals  and  Clerks  of  the  United  States 
Courts.  At  the  close  of  the  Harrison  ad- 
ministration he  returned  to  Peru  and 
began  the  practice  of  law.  associated  with 
Judge  James  M.  Brown.  At  the  urgent 
solicitation  of  his  friends  in  Peru  and  the 
Republican  State  committee,  he  accepted 


tJ.L. 


U- 


■c. 


362 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  1894  the  nomination  for  joint  Represent- 
ative of  Cass  and  Miami  counties.  Both 
were  rock-ribbed  Democratic  strongholds. 
but  such  was  his  personal  popularity  and 
the  effective  vigor  of  his  campaign  that  he 
was  elected,  running  several  hundred 
votes  ahead  of  his  ticket. 

In  the  legislative  session  of  1895  he 
made  an  excellent  record  as  a  clean  and 
level-headed  member.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  ways  and  means,  corporations, 
and  banking  committees,  and  as  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  Congressional 
appointment  framed  a  hill  which  has 
never  been  amended,  the  districts  remain- 
ing to  this  time  as  they  were  then  consti- 
tuted. The  passing  of  the  bill  for  the 
erection  of  the  monuments  to  Indiana 
soldiers  on  Chickamauga  battlefield  was 
due  to  his  persistent  efforts  in  the  face  of 
furious  opposition.  After  the  close  of  the 
session  he  returned  to  Peru  where  he  has 
since  practiced  law  with  success.  He  has 
been  prominently  mentioned  as  a  future 
member  of  Congress  from  the  eleventh 
district,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
ablest  political  leaders  in  that  section  of 
the  State 

Socially  Mr.  Statesman  is  as  popular  as 
he  is  politically.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Peru  Heading  Club.  Columbia  Club,  Indi- 
ana Historical  Society,  and  various  other 
organizations. 


JOHN   W.   FOSTER. 

In  the  history  of  American  diplomacy 
no  name  stands  out  with  greater  lustre 
than  that  of  John  W.  Foster.  No  Amer- 
ican has  ever  had  quite  so  long  and  varied 
a  diplomatic  expei'ience  or  filled  so  many 
high  diplomatic  offices.  He  was  born  in 
Pike  county.  Indiana.  March  2,  ls3<>. 
His  father  had  conie  from  England  as  a 
hoy  and  settled  there  in  1819,  clearing  for 
himself  a  tract  of  land  and  building  his 
own  cabin.  As  the  country  became  set- 
tled   the    father    waxed     prosperous    and 


became  a  merchant  of  substance  and  tilled 
the  office  of  Probate  Judge.  In  middle 
life  he  removed  to  Evansville  where  he 
was  prominent  in  commercial  and  public 
affairs  until  his  death  in  1st;:',.  John  W. 
Foster's  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Col. 
John  Johnson,  one  of  the  leading  pioneers 
and  early  legislators  of  Indiana.  The 
young  man  was  given  unusual  educational 
advantages  for  the  time  and  graduated 
from  the  State  University  in  1855,  after- 
ward taking  a  course  in  the  Harvard  law 
school.  LTpon  completing  his  studies  he 
began  the  practice  of  law  in  Evansville 
with  fair  success. 

When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  he 
entered  the  service  of  the  State  in  July, 

186 1,  as  Ma  ji  >r  i  >f  the  Twenty-Fifth  Indiana 
Volunteers,  and  in  the  following  April  was 
promoted  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  same 
regiment.  Distinguished  gallantry  on  the 
field  won  him  the  appointment  as  Colonel 
of    the    Sixty-Fifth  Regiment  in  August. 

1862,  and  be  continued  as  commander  of 
this  regiment  until  March,  1864,  when  he 
retired  from  the  service  to  settle  his 
father's  estate.  After  two  months  at 
home  he  raised  the  136th  Regiment  and 
went  to  the  front  as  its  Colonel,  remaining 
there  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out 
of  service. 

Returning  from  the  war  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  but  became  editor  of  the 
Evansville  Journal  and  built  it  up  into 
one  of  the  strong,  vigorous  and  influential 
newspapers  of  the  West.  In  1869  his 
party  services  were  recognized  by  his 
appointment  as  Postmaster  at  Evansville. 
and  in  1*71  he  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  Republican  State  committee. 

In  1  sT:i  began  his  long  diplomatic  career, 
when  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant 
Minister  to  Mexico.  He  served  with  such 
admirable  tact  and  ability  that  President 
Hayes  reappointed  him  in  1^77.  Three 
years  later  he  was  transferred  to  St.  Peters- 
burg, one  of  the  most  important  missions 
in  the  diplomatic  service  of  the  country, 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


363 


and  remained  there  until  L881  when  he 
resigned  and  returned  to  the  United  States 
to  look  after  his  business.  He  had.  in  the 
meantime,  acquired  a  great  reputation  as 
authority  on  international  law  and  settled 
in  Washington  where  he  began  the  practice 
of  this  branch  of  law.  He  had  been  here 
but  a  year  when  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Arthur  Minister  to  Spain  and 
served  from  February,  L883,  until  March, 
L885.  At  the  request  of  President  Cleve- 
land he  returned  to  Spain  for  a  few  months 
to  secure  some  modifications  in  a  commer- 
cial treaty  he  had  negotiated,  but  which 
had  failed  of  confirmation.  Returning  to 
Washington  he  continued  his  international 
law  practice  until  November,  IS90,  when 
at  the  urgent  request  of  President  Harri- 
son, he  began  the  negotiation  of  the  reci- 
procity treaties  that  foreign  governments 
contemplated  by  the  revenue  act  of  1890. 
In  this  work  he  met  with  signal  success, 
negotiating  with  the  Spanish  government 
a  commercial  arrangement  for  Cuba  and 
Porto  Rico;  negotiating  a  reciprocity 
treaty  with  San  Domingo  in  June.  L891 ; 
another  with  Germany  in  August  of  the 
same  year,  and  others  before  the  year's 
close  with  Brazil.  Austria-Hungary,  the 
British  West  Indies  and  various  republics 
of  Central  and  South  America.  In  April. 
LS92,  he  accepted  appointment  as  counsel 
of  the  United  States  in  the  Behring  Sea 
seal  arbitration.  In  June  of  this  year  he 
was  made  Secretary  of  State  as  successor 
to  Mr.  Blaine,  and  the  Senate  paid  him 
the  high  compliment  of  confirming  his 
nomination  immediately  upon  its  receipt 
from  the  executive,  without  the  formality 
of  reference  to  a  committee. 

As  Secretary  of  State,  General  Foster 
added  further  glory  to  his  fame  by  his 
skillful  handling  of  the  Chilean  imbroglio 
and  his  negotiation  of  the  treaty  of 
annexation  with  Hawaii.  In  February, 
1S93,  he  resigned  his  office  to  resume  his 


work  before  the  tribunal  of  arbitration  in 

the  fur  seal  matter.  The  courl  met  in 
Paris,  and  after  he  finished  his  work  there. 
he  undertook,  with  his  wife,  a  tour  around 
the  world.  His  tame  had  gone  before  him 
and  the  reception  granted  him  by  European 
and  Oriental  courts  is  seldom  surpassed 
by  that  given  to  reigning  sovereigns. 
Returning  to  Washington  he  resumed  his 
practice  which  was  not  interrupted  until 
January,  LS95,  when  he  accepted  the 
appointment  from  the  Emperor  of  China 
as  counsel  uf  the  Chinese  empire  in  nego- 
tiating the  treaty  of  peace  with  Japan, 
and  won  renewed  fame  by  his  successful 
conduct  of  the  negotiations. 

In  lsU7  he  was  appointed  by  President 
McKinley  Ambassador  on  special  mission 
to  Great  Britain  and  Russia,  and  visited 
London  and  St.  Petersburg,  and  in  L898 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Joint  High 
Commission  on  Canadian  matters 

Mr.  Foster  has  received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws  from  Wabash  College. 
Indiana,  and  from  Princeton  and  Vale 
Universities,  and  is  an  honorary  member 
of  various  scientific  and  diplomatic  socie- 
ties of  Europe  and   America. 

In  ls.V.t  Mr.  Foster  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  Parke  McPherson,  representa- 
tive of  a  very  distinguished  family  in 
Ohio.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Eliza  J. 
McPherson.  tor  many  years  principal  of 
the  Female  Seminary  at  Bloomington, 
Indiana,  and  Glendale,  Ohio.  Mrs.  Foster 
was.  at  the  time  of  her  marriage,  a  tine 
classical  scholar,  and  she  has  since  become 
one  of  the  best  linguists  in  the  United 
States.  A  woman  of  great  grace  and 
refinement,  and  speaking  fluently  all  the 
more  important  languages  of  the  civilized 
world,  she  has  hecii  ..t  inestimable  value 
to  her  husband  in  his  diplomatic  career. 
They  have  two  daughters,  both  of  whom 
are  married. 


Mu^  }{/?  ch^s , 


RUNNING   A  (WMI'AKiX    EFFECTIVELY 


HOW  THE  WORK  WAS  DONE  IN  THE  FAM01  S 
POLITICAL   STRUGGLE  OF  L880. 


r  PHE  most  famous  campaign  ever  waged 
L  in  Indiana  was  that  of  1880.    While  the 

routine  facts  of  this  campaign  are  fully 
given  under  the  chapter  on  "Campaigns 
and  Platforms."  the  event  is  well  worthy 
of  a  special  chapter  detailing  the  modus 
operandi.  The  Democrats  of  Indiana 
have  never  yet  understood  just  how  they 
came  to  be  defeated  that  year,  and  have 
jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  done 
largely  by  corrupt  means.  Such  was  not 
the  case  at  all.  The  victory  was  won  by 
a  combination  of  such  minute  and  intelli- 
gent work  on  the  part  of  Governor  Porter. 
State  chairman  John  C.  New  and  General 
W.  W.  Dudley  as  has  not  been  known  in 
politics,  either  before  or  since,  in  Indiana 
or  in  any  other  State  of  the  Union. 

The  Republican  party  of  Indiana  found 
itself  defeated,  disheartened  and  crushed 
by  the  result  of  the  election  of  L878, 
which  placed  a  Democrat  par  excellent 
in  every  State  office,  and  gave  the  State 
a  legislature  Democratic  in  both  branches. 
No  Republican  of  ordinary  intelligence 
in  the  State  bul  knew  that  this  result 
was  brought  about  by  a  fraudulent  and 
unconscionable  advantage,  taken  by  an 
unscrupulous  political  management,  of  a 
loose  and  insufficient  election  law.  It 
must  he  understood  that  as  the  law 
stood  upon  the  statute  books  of  the 
State  in  L 87 8  and  L880,  and  as  construed 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  six 
months'  residence  in  the  State  and  an 
actual  residence  in  the  precincl  where 
an  elector  offered  to  vote  constituted  the 
sole   residential  qualifications   of  a    voter 


in  Indiana.  It  was  an  open  secret  that 
close  legislative  and  Senatorial  districts 
and  close  Congressional  districts  were 
systematically  colonized  by  the  Dem- 
ocratic party  of  Indiana  at  each  biennial 
election,  and  no  surprise  was  exhibited  by 
any  well  informed  politician  of  either 
party,  by  the  post-election  confessions  of 
Democratic  managers,  that  Kentucky. 
Illinois  and  Ohio  Democrats  by  the  thou- 
sands were  in  the  habil  of  making  bien- 
nial pilgrimages  to  Indiana  about  election 
times  at  the  expense  and  for  the  benefit 
of  the  candidate  of  the  Democratic-  party 
of  that  State.  It  was  a  matter  cf  general 
comment  and  belief,  not  to  say  know  ledge, 
on  the  part  of  active  Republican  workers 
of  the  State  that  the  apparent  majorities 
by  which  Democratic  State  officers  were 
elected  in  1S78,  and  by  which  close  Legis 
lative  and  Senatorial  districts  were  carried 
by  the  Democratic  candidates  at  that  elec 
tion.  were  the  resuli  of  such  fraudulent 
colonization  possible,  if  not  permissible. 
under  the  election  law  then  in  force.  An 
apparent,  if  not  real.  Democratic  plural- 
ity of  13,000,  more  or  less,  and  a  legisla- 
ture safely  Democratic  in  both  brandies 
in  1878,  with  a  full  Democratic  State  ad- 
ministration, from  Governor  down,  and 
the  most  sei'ene  confidence  in  Democratic 
ability  to  repeat  that  result  in  Is-11.  con 
fronted  a  dispirited  and  defeated,  though 
not  dispersed.  Republican  party  at  the 
close-   ,  if  the  year  1  S79. 

A  suggestion  that  the  situation  was 
not  entirely  hopeless,  either  as  regarded 
the  ability  of  the  Republican  party  to 
rally  and  carry  the  State  tor  a  Republican 


HISTORY    OK    THK    RFJTBLK '  A  X     PARTY 


candidate  for  Governor  and  President,  or 
to  carry  the  legislature  by  a  majority  on 

joint  ballot  and  elect  a  Republican  United 
States  Senator,  offered  at  a  meeting  of 
the  State  central  committee  early  in  1879 
by  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Curry,  was  received 
with  incredulity  by  most  of  the  members 
present,  and  scant  attention  given  his 
reasons  for  the  belief  which  prompted  the 
suggestion.  There  were  those,  however. 
present  to  whom  the  idea  seemed  founded 
in  reason,  and  the  figures  submitted  as 
the  result  of  Mr.  Curry's  investigations 
were  studied  and  reflected  upon  by  at  least 
three  members  of  the  State  central  com- 
mittee: Hon.  Milton  Sayler,  of  Hunting- 
ton: Hon.  John  I'.  New.  of  Marion,  and 
United  States  Marshal  W.  \V.  Dudley,  of 
Wayne,  who.  after  frequent  consultations 
preceding  the  death  of  the  chairman.  Hon. 
Sol.  Blair,  met  after  that  event  and  deter- 
mined that  the  effort  to  redeem  the  State 
from  Democratic  misrule  in  L 880  should 
lie  made.  Hon.  John  C.  New  was  elected 
chairman,  to  till  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  Judge  Blair's  death,  and  the  work  of 
preliminary  organization  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  (Jen.  W.  W.  Dudley,  of  Wayne 
county,  who  was  then  the  United  States 
Marshal  of  the  State.  He  entered  en- 
thusiastically into  the  work,  actuated  by 
the  belief  in  the  possibility  of  Republican 
success,  and  without  any  personal  ambition 
or  selfish  end  to  be  served.  He  devoted  all 
the  time  which  could  be  spared  from  his 
official  duties  during  the  remainder  of  the 
year  IsT'.i  and  during  LS80,  until  after  the 
Presidential  election,  to  the  work  devolved 
upon  him  by  his  party  associates.  It  is 
proper  to  state  that  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Republican  State  central  committee  for 
reorganization,  after  Judge  Blair's  death, 
an  extraordinarily  sti'ong  and  able  execu- 
tive and  finance  committee  was  selected, 
with  General  Benjamin  Harrison  at  the 
head,  to  whom  chairman  New  and  Mar- 
shal Dudley  fully  disclosed  their  plans  of 
operation,     meeting    with     their     fullest 


approval  and  co-operation.  General  Dud- 
ley at  once  undertook  a  personal  visit  to 
each  county  for  the  purpose  of  a  personal 
contact  with  the  working  Republicans  in 
each  precinct,  with  whom  he  became  per- 
sonally acquainted  and  to  whom  individ- 
ually he  disclosed  the  plans  of  the  coming 
campaign,  securing  their  pledge  to  carry 
out  exactly  his  instructions,  and  who,  with 
but  very  few  exceptions,  enlisted  for  the 
work,  and  agreed  to  attend  to  the  gather- 
inn'  of  information  necessary  to  be  ob- 
tained in  order  to  apply  the  correct  rem- 
edy to  each  locality.  This  was  done  with 
the  greater  facility,  and  accomplished 
without  forewarning  the  Democrats  or 
alarming  them,  as  General  Dudley  was 
the  president  of  the  Morton  Monumental 
Association,  and  he  combined  the  solicita- 
tion of  funds  for  that  object  with  his 
political  visits  with  such  success  that  the 
chief  object  of  his  county  visits  and  meet- 
ings was  completely  veiled.  The  funda- 
mental idea  of  his  organization  was  that 
the  true  unit  or  integer  in  political  organ- 
ization was  the  precinct,  and  that  political 
work  should  be  based  upon  actual  knowl- 
edge of  the  political  history  of  each  pre- 
cinct and  of  each  and  every  factor  at  work 
therein  to  mould  men's  political  views, 
whether  of  heredity,  environment  or  ac- 
cident. His  army  of  precinct  coadjutors 
thus  selected  and  enlisted  were  fully  in- 
structed, anil  one  or  more  responsible 
superintendents  selected  for  each  county, 
and  personal  correspondence  was  then 
opened  between  each  county  chairman. 
each  of  the  precinct  coadjutors,  and  Gen- 
eral Dudley.  He  took  up  first  the  results 
of  past  elections  with  precinct  men.  there- 
by ascertaining  for  his  and  their  informa- 
tion and  purj loses  what  might  be  regarded 
as  the  correct  result  of  each  election  since 
ls;o  in  each  precinct  and  the  causes  which 
led  to  changes  in  the  vote  occurring  at 
each  election  since  1^7o.  These  facts 
known — not  guessed  at — the  unchange- 
able voters  of  both  parties  were  set  aside. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


367 


and  the  names,  residences,  conditions  of 
life.  etc..  of  each  changeable  voter  were 
carefully  listed  and  reported  to  General 
Dudley  and  also  to  each  county  chairman. 
Then  followed  lists  of  first-time  voters, 
removals  and  deaths,  new  incoming  resi- 
dents since  the  1878  election,  and  all  other 
changes:  the  location,  number  and  names 
of  all  postoffices  and  telegraph  stations, 
and  the  politics  of  incumbents,  as  well  as 
the  politics  of  country  storekeepers,  road 
supervisors,  township  trustees  and  all  local 
officials,  as  well  as  the  local  issues  control- 
ing  the  election  of  each  township  official : 
then  the  politics  of  each  school  teacher  in 
a  precinct  was  learned  in  order  that  the 
kind  of  political  talk  indulged  in  at  the 
firesides  of  voters  might  be  known.  These 
things,  accurately  ascertained,  worked  to 
aid  the  propagation  of  Republican  ideas 
and  to  counteract  the  propagation  of 
Democratic  ideas,  and  were  intelligently 
directed  from  the  Republican  headquar- 
ters, State  and  county. 

No  precinct  coadjutor  was  given  any 
unnecessary  work  to  do,  but  his  compli- 
ance with  every  requirement  from  Gen- 
eral Dudley  was  strenuously  insisted  upon 
and  another  entrusted  with  his  duties 
when  one  failed  to  promptly  reply.  Gen- 
eral Dudley  gave  personal  attention  to 
this  vast  volume  of  detail  work,  and  those 
who  enjoyed  his  confidence,  and  were 
shown  the  records  which  were  made  and 
kept  by  him  (in  which  all  the  details  above 
mentioned  were  recorded  and  where  he 
had  on  each  facing  page  a  detail  map  of 
every  county,  showing  farms,  forests, 
swamps,  streams,  roads  and  residences, 
etc..  on  which  each  precinct  worker  was 
geographically  located  and  the  boundaries 
of  his  precinct  shown,  together  with  a 
debit  and  credit  correspondence  account 
kept  with  each  correspondent,  thus  show- 
ing at  a  glance  each  county  by  itself,  the 
entire  political  history,  geography,  work- 
ing force    and    political    factors    tor  that 


county-,  will  remember  how  perfectly  the 
system  was  applied  throughout  the  State 
and    the   accuracy  of    the   knowledge  he 

gathered  as  well  as  the  certainty  with 
which  lie  could  at  am  moment  state  the 
political  conditions  existing  at  any  given 
date  in  any  precinct  or  county  in  the 
State.  Very  soon  the  working  Republi- 
cans of  the  State  felt  the  power  of  such 
detail  work  and  organization,  and  ad- 
dressed themselves  to  the  work  of  redeem 
ing  townships  at  the  April  elections.  It 
may  be  stated  as  an  historical  fact  that 
previous  to  the  April  elections,  in  1880,  a 
very  large  majority  of  the  township 
organizations  of  the  State  were  Demo- 
cratic, and  that  after  the  April  elections 
of  lvv"  a  very  large  majority  of  them 
were  Republican.  In  order  to  ensure  the 
detection  and  expulsion  of  the  thousands 
of  alien  Democratic  colonized  voters, which 
had  at  previous  elections  so  often  captured 
the  State  for  their  brethren  in  Indiana,  it 
was  necessary  to  ascertain  and  locate  every 
lawful  and  qualified  voter  on  the  6th  day 
of  April.  1880,  which  exactly  preceded  the 
election  day  in  October,  1880,  by  six 
months,  the  statutory  residence  required 
in  the  State.  This  was  easily  accomplished 
by  the  precinct  men  under  the  direction  of 
General  Dudley  and  the  county  chair- 
men, and  such  a  record  was  kept  by  each 
precinct  man.  as  well  as  by  General  Dud- 
ley, at  Indianapolis.  This  enabled  each 
one  to  promptly  report  each  new  arrival 
after  April  6th  in  a  precinct  to  General 
Dudley,  who  acted  as  the  political  clearing 
house  and  verified  or  disproved  each  state 
ment  of  the  stranger,  generally  enabling 
a  precinct  worker  to  detect  the  alien  and 
expel  him.  This  was  known  as  the 
■'picket  line"  of  those  days,  and  many 
thousand  intending  Democratic  colonizers 
were  sent  out  of  the  State  before  election. 
thus  preventing  their  biennial  visit  from 
resulting  as  formerly.  Eighty  per  cent, 
of  tlie  young  men  of  the  State,  whose 
first  vote  was  casl  at   the  October  election 


S«8 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


of   1880,    voted  for  Governor   Porter  and 

the  Republican  ticket  generally.  They 
were  led  to  form  chilis,  furnished  with 
literature,  often  with  uniforms,  and  all  the 
paraphernalia  of  an  active  campaign,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  efficient  factors  of 
Republican  success. 

Almost  immediately  after  the  Chicago 
convention,  which  nominated  James  A. 
Garfield  and  Chester  A.  Arthur  for  Presi- 
dent and  Vice-President,  the  Republican 
State  convention  was  held  at  Indianapolis, 
and  the  Hon.  Albert  G.  Porter  was  nomi- 
nated for  Governor,  and  an  unusually 
strong  State  ticket  was  named.  These 
conventions  and  their  work  fully  aroused 
the  Republicans  of  the  State.  Feeling 
the  strength  of  the  organization  already 
effectively  at  work,  and  satisfied  with  their 
candidate,  they  seemed  to  fully  wake  up 
to  a  full  realization  of  the  possibility  of 
redeeming  the  State  from  the  Democrats. 
At  once  the  National  Republican  com- 
mittee saw  that  the  election  of  Garfield 
and  Arthur  depended  upon  Republican 
success  in  Indiana  in  October,  and  estab- 
lished headquarters  for  the  West  at  the 
Denison  House  in  Indianapolis,  and  cor- 
dially and  unreservedly  co-operated 
throughout  the  campaign  with  Chairman 
New  and  the  State  central  committee  and 
with  General  Dudley.  Speakers  without 
number  were  put  upon  the  stump  to 
second  the  masterful  work  of  Governor 
Porter,  who  in  joint  debates  and  single 
speeches  was  electrifying  the  State  and 
tilling  the  voters  with  enthusiasm.  He 
and  all  the  speakers  were  furnished  by 
General  Dudley  with  full  information  of 
the  political  conditions  at  each  locality 
and  for  twenty-five  miles  around  each 
speaking  place.  Precinct  and  county 
workers  were  advised  to  go  to  hear  these 
speeches  and  to  take  with  them  wavering 
voters,  whose  names  and  predelictions 
were  given  by  General  Dudley,  and  to 
note  and  report  the  effect  of  each  speech: 
also  to  bring  themselves  and  such  doubtful 


voters  into  personal  contact  with  the 
speakers,  especially  Governor  Porter.  The 
effectiveness  of  this  kind  of  work  was  soon 
felt,  and  workers  and  speakers  alike  noted 
its  good  results.  An  infinite  amount  of 
detail  work,  which  a  limited  space  will 
not  permit  to  be  related,  was  at  this  time 
performed  by  the  county  and  precinct 
men  referred  to.  all  of  which  conduced 
to  the  victory  achieved  by  the  Republicans 
in  October.  One  class  of  work  was  that 
afterward  erroneously  styled  the  ••block 
of  five"  system,  a  campaign  name  given 
to  careful  attention  to  details  in  each  pre- 
cinct. One  reason  why  political  work 
often  fails  of  its  object  is  that  an  unrea- 
sonable amount  and  character  of  labor  is 
imposed  upon  a  willing  and  enthusiastic 
worker.  He  is  given  too  much  ground  to 
cover  and  too  much  work  to  do  in  too 
short  a  time,  anil  hence  it  is  not  done — 
a  stitch  is  dropped  in  an  important  held 
and  failure  follows.  General  Dudley's 
system,  as  we  have  seen,  located  the  doubt- 
ful or  wavering  voter  and  brought  him 
within  and  under  the  constant  and  per- 
sistent influence  of  a  neighbor,  who  not 
only  was  interested  in  his  welfare  but 
could  mould  his  sentiments  through  per- 
sonal appeals,  the  placing  of  Republican 
literature  and  argument  in  his  hands,  and 
in  a  thousand  ways  bring  the  voter  to  his 
way  of  thinking  and  voting.  If  such  in- 
fluence and  ad  hominem  argument  lie 
persistently  applied  by  a  single  worker  to 
a  few.  it  will  lie  effective ;  if  attempted 
by  the  same  worker  with  too  many,  it 
might  fail.  Hence,  he  advised  that  no 
worker  attempt  to  exert  his  personal  in- 
fluence on  more  than  five,  but  to  devote 
his  whole  time  and  attention  to  the  five 
or  less  living  nearest  him.  Applied  in 
every  precinct  in  the  State  with  faithful- 
ness and  zeal,  its  effect  was  marvelous 
and  unfailing.  This  is  the  famous  "block 
of  five"  system — only  this  and  nothing 
more.  It  defeats  corruption  and  bribery, 
and    is  conducive    to    permanent    results. 


FAMOUS    RKPUBLIUAX    CLUBS. 


PROMINENT  ORGANIZATIONS  THAT  HAVE  ACCOMPLISHED  MUCH 
IN  THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  INDIANA  REPUBLICANISM. 


Indiana  Republicans  are  fortunate  in  having  some  very  strong  prominent 
club  organizations  which  serve  as  centers  of  Republican  thought  and  sentiment, 
.the  mainsprings  of  party  action.  There  are  of  course  thousands  of  Republican 
clubs  throughout  the  State  in  every  campaign  and  very  many  of  them  have  some 
elements  of  permanence.  Some  have  been  revived  in  every  campaign  under  the 
same  name  for  a  number  of  j'ears,  but  the  four  here  mentioned  are  permanentlv 
housed  in  quarters  of  their  own  and  have  an  influence  that  is  widespread  and 
continuous  for  the  partv's  good. 


24 


OF    THE    STATE    <>F    !MU  \\  \. 


37] 


THE  COLUMBIA  CLUB  OF  INDIANAPOLIS. 


RISING  from  the  humble  beginnings  of 
i  a  campaign  marching  club,  theColum- 
bia  Club  has,  within  ten  years,  grown  to  be 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  institutions 
of  Indiana.  No  social  club  in  the  West 
is  quite  so  well  housed,  is  surrounded  by 
so  much  of  beauty  and  art  or  is  provided 
with  so  much  that  is  conducive  to  the 
comfort  and  pleasure  of  its  members.  No 
political  organization — except  the  great 
parties — has  grown  to  such  breadth  of 
scope  or  such  weight  of  influence. 

The  Republicans  of  Indiana  had  worked 
with  might  and  main  for  the  nomination 
of  Harrison  at  the  Chicago  convention  in 
L888,  but  after  the  first  tumult  of  joy 
that  followed  success  was  over — after  the 
workers  had  returned  to  Indianapolis,  af- 
ter the  modest  candidate  had  received  the 
hearty  congratulations  of  his  neighbors — 
the  Indiana  Republicans  began  to  realize 
what  it  all  meant.  It  meant  that  India- 
napolis was  to  be  for  months  the  center 
of  public  attention  throughout  the  Na- 
tion— that  it  would  be  the  Mecca  for  po- 
litical pilgrims  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific— that  the  city  would  be  full  of 
distinguished  strangers  who  must  be  prop- 
erly entertained  and  cared  for.  It  was 
necessary  that  every  courtesy  should  be 
paid  to  the  visiting  delegations — that  all 
should  be  generously  welcomed  and  most 
cordially  entertained,  and  that  all  should 
be  given  God  speed  upon  their  departure. 
Indianapolis  began  to  keep  open  bouse,  not 
for  a  day.  but  for  a  whole  campaign,  and 
with  such  royal  dignity  and  grace  did  she 
do  it  that  her  fame  for  hospitality  spread 
throughout  the  land.  In  this  work  of  en- 
tertainment a  number  of  organized  bodies 
participated  as  escort  clubs,  though  they 
were  for  the  most  part  temporary  political 
organizations,  but  as  the  campaign  pro- 
gressed  many  who  were  already  members 


of  these  organizations  and  others  who 
had  not  yet  affiliated  with  any  organized 
body  saw  the  need  of  an  organization 
which  should  come  from  the  flower  of  the 
city  and  which  should  in  drill,  uniform 
and  carriage  become  the  recognized  stand- 
ard of  what  such  an  occasion  required. 
This  sentiment  crystalized  in  the  organiz- 
ation of  the  Columbia  Club,  which  made 
its  first  public  appearance  as  a  marching 
club  on  Friday  evening,  August  17.  IS88. 
It  contained  about  150  members  of  the 
best  known  Republicans  of  the  city  and 
had  the  following  officers  : 

President.  Edward  Daniels;  Secretary. 
Henry  Fraser;  Treasurer.  Otto  Grresham; 
Marshal,  <  Iran  Perry. 

The  club  had  a  simple  uniform  of  blue 
flannel  coat  and  trousers,  with  white  Derby 
hat  and  cane.  During  the  rest  of  the 
campaign  the  burden  of  meeting  and  es- 
corting visiting  delegations  and  clubs  fell 
upon  the  Columbia  Club,  and  its  efforts 
contributed  very  greatly  to  the  excellent 
impression  of  Indianapolis  all  visitors 
carried  away   with   them. 

As  soon  as  the  election  was  over,  in- 
stead of  disbanding,  the  club  set  about  tin- 
work  of  making  its  organization  perma- 
nent. An  executive  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  a  plan,  and  Chapin  C. 
Foster  was  made  chairman  of  the  commit 
tee  on  membership.  It  was  determined 
to  make  the  club  a  stock  corporation,  witli 
shares  at  f>100,  and  each  active  member 
was  required  to  own  one  share.  The 
membership  committee  at  once  entered 
upon  its  work  with  great  enthusiasm  and 
held  meetings  from  day  to  day  to  pass 
upon  applications  for  membership,  and  to 
discuss  the  best  means  of  obtaining  the 
(piota  of  -".on  men  who  should  be  desirable 
and  congenial  in  every  respect.  The  tirst 
150   were  easilv  secured,   then   the    work 


372 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTI 


lagged  some,  but  the  committee  took  a 
great  spurt  and  finally  ran  the  member- 
ship up  to  250.  Thereafter  it  was  sure  to 
be  easy  sailing,  for  tbe  club  had  acquired 
momentum  enough  to  bring  in  enough 
applications  to  reach  the  limit  and  create 
a  considerable  waiting  list.  When  the 
membership  had  reached  250,  on  February 
13,  1889,  tlic  club  was  incorporated.  Di- 
rectors were  chosen  and  a  complete  set  of 
officers  elected.  There  were  many  stock- 
holders' meetings  and  much  discussion  of 
various  sites,  but  finally  the  old  Morrison 
residence,  on  Monument  Place,  was  chosen 
and  purchased.  It  contained  a  frontage 
of  forty-five  feet,  and  this  was  subse- 
quently increased  by  an  additional  pur- 
chase of  thirty  feet  immediately  east.  It 
is  an  ideal  location  for  a  clubhouse. 
Fronting  on  Monument  Place,  it  is  in  the 
center  of  the  city,  though  slightly  retired 
from  the  noise  and  traffic  of  the  mure 
active  business  streets.  The  Morrison 
residence  was  a  large,  handsome  mansion, 
and  it  was  supposed  at  the  time  that  it 
would  answer  all  the  purposes  of  the  club 
for  years.  However,  it  very  soon  became 
apparent  that  the  house  was  entirely  too 
limited  for  such  an  organization  as  the 
Columbia  Club,  and  early  in  L891  a  build- 
ing committee,  composed  of  Chapin  C. 
Foster.  Henry  S.  Fraser  and  Clarence 
Henderson,  were  appointed  to  look  after 
the  contemplated  alteration  and  enlarge- 
ment of  the  house.  With  an  expenditure 
of  something  over  $12,000  the  house  was 
remodeled  into  a  large  and  handsome 
clubhouse.  Aside  from  the  purely  social 
uses  of  the  house  it  served  as  the  center 
of  some  notable  gatherings.  There,  Mr. 
Addison  C.  Harris,  now  Minister  to  Aus- 
tria, delivered  mi  address  on  the  Austra- 
lian ballot  in  .March,  L890.  Later.  Sena- 
tor R.  O.  Hawkins  delivered  a  speech  on 
Municipal  Government.  Hon.  Thomas  H 
Nelson,  of  Terre  Haute,  lectured  on  Mex- 
ico, where  he  had  served  as  Minister  from 
the  United  States. 


When  the  next  National  convention 
was  held  at  Minneapolis,  in  !*!•:.',  the  Co- 
lumbia Club  chartered  a  special  train  and 
attended  in  a  body.  Its  appearance  in 
Minneapolis  attracted  much  attention, 
and  the  fact  that  its  members  were  for 
the  most  part  men  of  large  affairs  and 
wide  acquaintance  throughout  the  coun- 
try gave  the  organization  a  strength  that 
made  its  work  in  helping  to  renominate 
General  Harrison  peculiarly  effective. 
The  five  years  that  followed  were  years  of 
steady  growth  in  activity  and  influence. 
The  Columbia  Club  soon  became  the  rec- 
ognized center  of  Republicanism  in  Indi- 
ana, and  so  great  was  the  pressure  for 
admittance  that  the  organization  was 
compelled,  time  and  again,  to  enlarge  its 
membership  list  until  it  now  is  over  750 
men  liters.  Among  them  are  not  only 
nearly  every  prominent  man  of  Indiana- 
polis, but  a  great  many  men  of  promin- 
ence throughout  the  country.  Naturally 
the  club  is  especially  strong  in  Indiana. 
where  there  are  very  few  cities  of  con- 
siderable size,  hut  do  not  number  their 
strongest  men  among  its  membership. 
As  early  as  1896  it  became  apparent  that 
the  enlarged  clubhouse  did  not  afford  suf- 
ficient accommodations,  and  at  a  meeting 
of  the  stockholders  in  November.  L897, 
the  first  step  was  taken  towards  building 
a  new  clubhouse.  The  president  was  au- 
thorized to  appoint  a  committee  of  five 
who  should  fairly  investigate  and  report 
upon  plans,  either  for  remodeling  the 
presenl  structure  or  building  a  new  house. 
This  committee  was  composed  of  Dr.  T. 
S.  Hacker,  1.  S.  Gordon,  Dr.  Franklin  W. 
Hays,  Allen  M.  Fletcher  and  Daniel  M. 
Ransdell.  This  committee  reported  in 
favor  of  building  a  new  clubhouse  at  a 
cost  of  $80,000,  exclusive  of  furnishings, 
and  the  report  was  adopted  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  stockholders  in  November.  A 
building  committee  of  nine  members  was 
authorized  to  attend  to  the  work,  com- 
posed  of   Dr.    Franklin  W.    Hays.    J.    E. 


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Ilium   ok  tiii:    Columbia  Ci.i  b. 


374 


HISTORY    OP   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Roberts,    R.   0.  Hawkins,  M.  M.  DeFrees, 
Henry   Rauh,   0.   H.    Hasselman,   W.    E. 

Stevenson,  Charles  M.  Reynolds  and  Geo. 
E.   Hume. 

The  committee  proceeded  with  its 
work  with  care  and  caution.  A  journey 
was  made  over  the  country  and  all  the 
principal  clubhouses  of  the  United  States 
were  carefully  examined.  Then  proper 
prizes  were  hung  up  for  the  architects' 
competition  which  attracted  some  of  the 
best  talent  in  the  country.  The  plans  of 
Anderson    &    Co.,    a    Dayton    firm,    were 


finally  accepted.  Late  in  1898  the  club 
removed  to  (punters  on  Ohio  street,  and  the 
construction  of  the  new  clubhouse  begun. 
As  shown  by  the  engraving  on  the  pre- 
ceding page  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
structures  in  the  West  and  has  the  repu- 
tation of  being  the  most  complete  and  the 
most  luxuriously  fitted  clubhouse  west  of 
New  York.  The  membership  of  the  club 
has  increased  very  rapidly  until  it  is  now 
Hearing  the  thousand  mark,  and  is  made 
up  of  the  best  and  strongest  men  in  the 
state  of  Indiana. 


THE  MARION  CLUB  OF  INDIANAPOLIS 


THE  need  of  a  permanent,  active,  work- 
ing club  organization,  that  would  in- 
clude in  its  membership  the  younger  and 
more  aggressive  members  of  the  party, 
was  first  felt  by  the  Republican  county 
committee  in  the  campaign  of   L890. 

Accordingly  steps  for  such  an  organi- 
zation were  taken  a  few  weeks  after  the 
election  of  that  year 

Mi'.  Wiltse,  then  secretary  of  the  county 
committee,  and  Messrs.  New  and  Wishard, 
of    the    executive    committee,   being    most 

active  in  the  movement. 

A  preliminary  meeting  was  called  in 
the  Federal  Courtroom,  .March  5,  LS91. 
Much  interest  was  manifested  in  the  pro- 
posed organization  and  a  committee,  con- 
sisting of  Messrs.  New,  Wiltse,  Harvey. 
Kinney.  Wilkins,  Wishard  and  Fessler, 
was  appointed  to  formulate  a  plan  of  or- 
ganization and  report  at  a  subsequent 
meeting.  The  plan  submitted  by  the 
committee  was  adopted,  loo  Republicans 
signed  the  articles  of  incorporation  and 
the    first    open    meeting  of   the  club  was 


held  m  the  When  block  June  1,  1891. 
The  office  of  president  was  first  offered  to 
Charles  W.  Fairbanks,  but  was  declined. 
Mr.  Alfred  R.  Hovey  was  elected  the  first 
president  of  the  club  and  in  his  inaugural 
address  called  attention  to  the  importance 
of  such  an  organization  for  Republican 
success  in  Indianapolis  and  Marion  county 
and  asserted  that  the  club  was  not  organ- 
ized to  advance  the  political  interests  of 
any  persons,  a,  thing  which  had  been 
guarded  in  the  by-laws  and  which,  be  it 
said  to  the  credit  of  the  club,  has  been  ob- 
served to  this  time. 

Although  the  quarters  in  the  When 
block  were  ample  for  the  first  few  months, 
the  membership  increased  so  rapidly  that 
more  room  was  soon  necessary  and  at  the 
beginning  of  Mr.  Wiltse's  administration, 
in  March,  L892,  the  comfortable  and  com- 
modious quarters  at  25  East  Ohio  street 
were  leased. 

The  second  year  was  the  real  test  of 
the  club's  existence.  The  new  club  house 
made    necessary    the    purchase    of    about 


Home   <>k  the   Marion   ci.iii. 


376 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


$2,000  worth  of  furnishings  and  the  run- 
ning expense  for  the  year  amounted  to 
nearly  Si, 500  more,  all  of  which  was 
paid  within  the  year  and  the  cluh  turned 
over  to  the  succeeding  administration  with 
a  largely  increased  membership  and  out  of 
debt. 

During  the  following  administration  of 
presidents  Pessler,  Elliott  and  Bookwalter 
the  membership  steadily  increased  and 
the  permanency  of  the  organization  more 
firmly  established. 

The  quarters  on  East  Ohio  street  were 
soon  taxed  to  their  utmost  capacity  and 
the  leaders  under  president  Rothschild's 
administration  felt  that  the  cluh  should 
have  a  home  of  its  own. 

By  an  almost  unanimous  vote  of  the 
cluh's  annual  election  it  was  decided  to 
buy  property.  A  building  committee 
was  appointed  and  the  constitution  was 
amended. 

The  cluh  was  capitalized  at  $25,000 
and  membership  limited  to  1,000;  each 
member  must  hold  at  least  one  share 
of  stock. 

The  committee,  after  securing  many 
subscriptions  for  stock,  bought  the  present 
home,  234  North  Meridian  street,  under 
president  Haas'  administration. 

During  president  Woods'  administra- 
tion the  membership  increased  rapidly, 
l'7'.i  members  being  taken  in. 


On  March  1,  1899,  the  following  of- 
ficers were  elected: 

President.  R.  H.  I  hyson;  first  vice- 
president.  Jno.  C.  Ruckleshaus;  second 
vice-president,  Charles  E.  Thorntown; 
third  vice-president.  Lew  E.  Cooper; 
secretary.  Will  A.  Bogardus;  treasurer, 
Edward  W.  Smith:  hoard  of  directors. 
Messrs.  Edw.  H.  Schmidt.  J.  B.  Nelson,  H. 
F.  Hackedom,  J.  G.  Kirkwood  and  W.  H. 
Schrader  and  sergeant-at-arms,  Jabin 
L.  Hadley. 

It  is  expected  to  increase  the  member- 
ship t<>  the  limit  under  this  adminis- 
tration. 

While  the  club's  success  has  been  due. 
in  great  measure,  to  the  individual  efforts 
of  the  entire  membership,  yet  any  outline 
of  its  history  would  be  unfair  that  did  not 
concede  to  the  unselfish  and  personal 
work  of  Mr.  Wiltse  much  of  whatever 
credit  is  due  for  its  organization  and  sub- 
sequent growth  and  usefulness. 

From  the  day  of  its  organization,  the 
Mariou  Club  has  been  a  factor  in  the 
politics  of  Marion  county.  The  work  of 
tlie  club,  collectively  and  individually,  in 
every  city  and  county  campaign,  has  been 
of  great  aid  to  the  committee  having  such 
campaign  in  charge,  and  we  believe  it  can 
be  truthfully  asserted  that  no  other  simi- 
lar organization  has  contributed  more  to 
redeem  Marion  county  from  our  friends, 
the  enemy,  than  the  Marion  Club. 


OF   THE    STATE    OP    INDIANA. 


37 


ME  TIPPECANOE  CLUB  OF  FORT  WAYNE. 


THE  Tippecanoe  Club,  of  Fort  Wayne, 
has.  within  recent  years,  developed  into 
one  nf  the  most  virile  and  influential  club 
organizations  of  the  state.  Its  origin 
was  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  the  Co- 
lumbia  Club.  First  organized  in  thecam- 
paign  of  1888,  it  did  splendid  service  as  a 
inarching  club.  Handsomely  uniformed, 
the  organization  exeited  the  admiration. 
not  only  of  the  people  of  Fort  Wayne,  hut 
of  all  visiting  speakers  during  that  great 
struggle.  After  the  campaign  the  club 
organization  was  not  kept  tip.  hut  in  LS92 
it  was  organized  agaiu  as  a  campaign  club 
for  participation  in  political  processions 
and  other  demonstrations.  The  club  was 
not  again  reorganized  until  the  campaign 
of  L.896  in  which  it  took  a  very  tremendous 
part  and  shortly  thereafter  it  was  reor- 
ganized upon  a  permanent  basisasa  polit- 
ical-social club. 

The  first  president  in  the  campaign  of 
188S  was  John  Dougall,  with  F.  L.  Smock 
as  secretary,  and  Ueo.  \Y.  Ewin  and  Ed- 
ward White  as  marching  captains.  In 
the  campaign  of  LS92  Elmer  Leonard  was 
president:  Geo.  Fairfield,  secretary:  H.  R. 


Culbertson,  treasurer,  and  Lieut.  J.  B. 
Fonner,  now  of  the  Thirty-First  F.  S. 
Volunteers  in  the  Philippines,  its  march- 
ing captain. 

When  tlie  club  was  organized  upon  a 
permanent  1  i;isi-  the  following  officers  were 
chosen  :  R.  (i.  Thompson,  first  vice-pres- 
ident; (t.  C.  Stemen,  second  vice-presi 
dent:  John  E.  Ross,  third  vice-president: 
Amos  Richey,  secretary:  F.  ( '.  Liggat, 
financial  secretary:  Albert  Hild.  treas- 
urer, and  W.  A.  Spice.  H.  A.  Achenbach, 
P.  T.  Hoppe.  E.  E.  Vernon  ami  E.  C. 
Buck,  directors.  Since  that  reorganiza 
tioii  it  has  prospered  handsomely  and  now 
has  a  membership  of  125,  and  occupies 
commodious  quarters,  handsomely  fur- 
nished, in  the  Hamilton  Hank  building. 
Its  present  officers  are  as  follows:  Presi 
dent.  Robert  Dreibilbiss;  vice-presidents, 
IF  W.  LeSage  Ten  Broek,  W.  E.  Doud. 
ami  W.  0.  Gross;  secretaries.  Albert 
Hild  and  Amos  Richey;  treasurer.  1-'.  IF 
Cutshall;  directors.  1'.  F.  Poirson,  E.  E. 
Vernon.  W.  A.  Spice.  ( '.  F.  Archer  and 
H.  R.  Culbertson. 


Homk    of   THE    Lincoln  CLDB. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


379 


THE  LINCOLN  CLUB  OF  LA  FAYETTE. 


THE  oldest  political  club  in  the  State 
that  has  been  in  continuous  existence  is 
the  Lincoln  Club,  of  LaFayette,  organized 
in  the  spring  of  1S80.  It  was  the  first  of 
the  political  clubs  wise  enough  to  realize 
that  in  order  to  acquire  stability  and 
permanence,  it  must  go  somewhat  upon 
the  lines  of  a  social  club — have  a  comfort- 
able clubhouse,  must  provide  reading  mat- 
ter and  equipment  for  the  interest  and 
amusement  of  its  members  and  above  all. 
select  a  membership  among  men  of  char- 
acter and  congenial  tastes. 

The  club  was  organized  March  4.  1880, 
with  the  following  charter  members:  S. 
P.  Bird.  W.  R.  Brockenborough,  J.  C. 
Brockenborough,  Jr.,  P.  S.  Chase.  J,  T, 
Davidson.  II.  P.  DeVol.  A.  H.  Diver.  W 
K.  Eldredge.  H.  W.  Emerson.  S.  L.  Hart 
D  B.  Henderson.  Fred  R.  Levering.  C 
K.  Levering.  G.  W.  Mayo,  A.  B.  Milford 
H.  \V.  Moore.  H.  A.  Orth,  .1.  K  Pattison 
C.  B.  Phelps.  J.  K.  Pigman,  W.  S 
Potter,  C.  B.  Robertson.  H.  T.  Sample 
Jr..  J.  B.  Sherwood.  F.  W.  Spencer.  W 
W.  Taylor.  A.  D.  Thomas,  Charles  B 
Thompson.  J.  S.  Warwick.    A.  B.  White 

H.    W.    Wiley    and     I.     X.     W 1  worth. 

These    men  threw  a  great  deal  of    spirit 
and  energv  into  the  new  organ  zation  and 


its  fortunes  prospered  from  the  start.      In 

the  following  April  a  commodious  private 
residence  was  leased  and  tiffed  up  hand 
soniely  for  a  clubhouse.  The  club  con- 
tinued to  rent  its  home  until  1886  when 
the  present  house  was  purchased  and  ex- 
tensively remodeled  until  now  it  is  a  re- 
markably handsome  and  convenient  club- 
house. I  luring  the  years  of  its  existence 
the  following  presidents  have  guided  its 
fortunes:  H    W.  Wiley,  -J.  Gr.  Sample,  Si-.. 

J.    B.    Sherw 1.     F.    S.    Chase.    W.    F. 

Hoes.  Charles  B.  Phelps.  F.  P.  Knight. 
P.  W.  Sample,  H.  C.  Tinney,  F.  M. 
Carey.  F.  W.  Spencer,  H.  W.  Emerson. 
F.  V.  Burt.  A.  H.  Curtis.  H.  A  Huston 
and  S.  C.  Curtis.  The  present  officers  are: 
R.  B  Sample,  president:  B.  Brocken- 
borough, first  vice-president:  E.  Gr.  Pifer. 
second  vice-president :  .1.  C.  Andrew,  sec- 
retary: Gr.  I,.  Mueller,  treasurer:  S.  I>. 
Phillips.  S.  C.  Curtis.  F.  W.  Spencer.  C 
A.  Burnett.  W.  W.  Johnson,  W.  C 
Alexander,  directors. 

Tlie  club  now  has  a  membership  of 
142.  It  includes  nearly  all  the  men  of 
any  prominence  in  LaFayette — for  nearly 
everybody  is  a  Republican  there-  and  is 
the  great  center  of  social  as  well  as  of 
political  life  in  that  delightful  old  city. 


THE    INDIANA    LEGISLATURE. 


SIXTY-FIRST  SESSION.  IS!)!). 


The  Legislature  of  1899  was  one  of  the  most  notable  bodies  that  has  ever 
gathered  in  the  Indiana  Capitol.  More  elaborate  biographical  sketches  of  a 
number  of  its  members  have  heretofore  been  given  in  this  History,  but  all  of  the 
Republican  members  are  worthy  of  some  note. 


382 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PAKTY 


THE  SENATE. 


The  Senate  was  presided  over  by  Lieutenant-Governor  William  S.  Haggard,  and 
among  those  who  helped  to  make  history  on  the  floor  were  many  strong  men. 


V  ATHAN  L.  AGNEW,  Porterand  Lake 
J_i  counties.  Hon.  Nathan  L.  Agnew,  of 
Valparaiso.  Indiana,  was  born  in  Versail- 
les, Ripley  county.  Indiana,  August  29, 
1850,  and  is  the  son  of  Wm.  W.  Agnew. 
a  farmer,  born  in  Butler  county.  Ohio,  and 
Eliza  R.  Harding  Agnew.  horn  in  Ripley 
county.  Indiana.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools.  Mr.  Agnew  has  been  twice 
married,  first  to  Miss  S.  E.  Allen,  January 
28,  1871,  his  second  marriage  being  with 
Catherine  L.  Nolan,  December  25,  1883. 
Until  his  present  membership  in  the  Senate 
has  held  no  official  position,  but  has  given 
his  time  to  the  practice  of  law. 

Walter  L.  Bali,.  Delaware  county. 
Hon.  Walter  L.  Ball,  of  Muncie.  Indiana, 
was  horn  in  Blackford  county,  Indiana. 
January  16,  1869,  the  son  of  George  M. 
Ball,  a  native  farmer  of  Delaware  county, 
and  Susan  R.  Hale,  a  native  of  Henry 
county.  Senator  Ball  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  and  in  the  North- 
ern Indiana  Normal  School  at  Valparaiso. 
Indiana.  He  was  married  November  7, 
1894,  to  Miss  Bertha  E.  Taylor.  Mr.  Ball 
has  held  no  political  office  other  than  his 
place  in  the  Senate,  and  is  a  Republican 
in  politics. 

Charles  ('.  Binkley.  Wayne  county. 
Hon.  Charles  ('.  Binkley,  of  Richmond. 
Indiana,  was  born  at  Tarlton,  Pickaway 
county,  Ohio,  his  father  being  George  S. 
Binkley.  a  merchant  of  Hagerstown,  Mary- 
land, and  his  mother.  Margaret  Lyhrand. 
of  Ross  county,  Ohio.  Senator  Binkley 
received  his  education  from  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town   and   from   the 


sity  al  Athens.  ( >hio.  He  was  married  to 
Georgians  Holland,  of  Brookville.  Indiana, 
and  is  now  serving  his  first  political  office. 
Albert  M.  Burns.  St.  Joseph  county. 
Hon.  Albert  M.  Burns  was  born  near  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania.  November  -2-i.  Is47, 
the  son  of  Thomas  Burns,  a  contractor, 
and  Catherine  Deary  Burns.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  high  school  and  acad- 
emy at  Plattsville,  Wisconsin.  He  is  now 
superintendent  of  an  iron  and  steel  manu- 
facturing plant  at  South  Bend.  Mr.  Burns 
was  married  on  March  30,  1870,  to  Miss 
Bessie  L.  Whitaker.  He  has  held  no  official 
position  previous  to  his  election  to  the 
Senate. 

James  Charles,  Grant  county.  Hon. 
James  Charles,  of  Marion,  Indiana,  who  is 
a  merchant  miller  and  grain  dealer,  was 
born  in  St.  Keverne.  Cornwall,  England. 
December  22,  1835.  Mr.  Charles  is  the 
son  of  Richard  Charles,  a  miller,  and  Mary 
Oates  Charles,  both  of  whom  were  born  in 
Cornwall,  and  who  later  removed  to  Buf- 
falo. New  York.  Young  Charles  received 
his  education  in  the  place  of  his  birth  and  in 
Buffalo.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah 
E.  Secrist,  July  1.  1860.  Before  his  present 
position  in  the  legislature,  Mr.  Charles  held 
the  office  of  County  Commissioner  in  Grant 
county  from  lssl  to  lss7,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Marion  City  Council  three 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Grant  Club 
and  declares  himself  to  he  a  Republican 
always,  hut  never  a  crank. 

Uriah  Cui.bert.  LaPorte  and  Starke 
counties.     Hon.  Uriah  Culbert,  of  Michi- 


academy  of  the  same  place,  supplemented  gan  City.  Indiana,  is  a  native  of  the 
by  work  in  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  of  Nunday  Valley,  New  York,  where  he  was 
Delaware,  Ohio,  and  at  the  Ohio  Univer-      horn  January  ."..   1S3L      His  father.  Thos, 


<  IF    THE    ST  \TK    <  IF    INDIANA. 


383 


Culbert,  was  born  in  Antrim.  Ireland,  and 
his  mother  in  New  York  State.  When 
Mr.  Culbert  was  a  very  young  lad.  he 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Shiawassa 
county,  Michigan,  where  he  lived  on  a 
farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  For  a 
number  of  years  later  he  was  in  Muske- 
gon. Michigan,  where  he  had  lumber 
interests.  Here  he  held  the  office  of  Al- 
derman and  City  Treasurer.  I  Iver  twenty 
years  ago  he  moved  to  Michigan  City, 
where  he  is  a  contractor  for  government 
work  and  general  public  improvements. 
He  is  recognized  as  a  solid  business  man. 
one  of  those  whole-souled,  genial  men. 
whom  every  one  esteems  a  friend.  In  1  ^;»4 
be  was  elected  a  joint  Representative  from 
LaPorte  and  Starke  counties,  and  in  LS97 
and  1899  represented  the  same  counties 
jointly  in  the  Senate. 

Charles  S.  Goar,  Tipton  and  Hamilton 
counties.  Hon.  Charles  S.  Goar,  of  Gold- 
smith. Indiana,  was  horn  in  Tipton  count}. 
August  17.  I860,  the'  son  of  Henry  Goar.  a 
farmer,  ami  native  of  West  Virginia,  and 
Martha  E.  Smith  Goar,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. He  received  hi-  general  education 
from  the  public  schools  and  from  the  Cen- 
tral Normal  College  at  Danville.  Indiana. 
and  took  his  professional  training  at  the 
(  eiitral  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons. Indianapolis.  Indiana.  Dr.  Goar 
was  married  to  Jennie  M.  Hinkle.  March 
8,  L891.  He  is  a  member  of  several  med- 
ical societies,  and  has  held  no  political 
office  except  the  two  sessions  in  the  Senate. 

Joseph  C.  Gochenour,  Wabash  and 
Fulton  counties.  Hon.  Joseph  C  Gochen- 
our.  a  merchant  of  Roann,  was  horn  in 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  May  v.  lv4s.  the 
son  of  Abram  Gochenour,  a  native  of  the 
same  State,  and  by  trade  a  blacksmith. 
His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Rebecca 
Caldwell,  of  Ohio.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Wabash  comity,  and 
was    married   March   1':'..    1871,   to   Emma 


Walgamuth.  Air.  <  Gochenour  has  served  as 
Justice  oi  the  Peace  and  Township  Trus- 
tee before  his  election  to  the  Senate. 

William  A.  Guthrie,  Jefferson.  Ripley 
and  Switzerland  counties.  Hon.  William 
A.  Guthrie,  who  is  a  timher  dealer  of  Du- 
pont,   Indiana,    is   a    native   of   Jefferson 

county,  having  1 11  horn  near  his  present 

postoffice,  May  13,  1851.  His  father.  An- 
derson ('.  Guthrie,  was  a  farmer,  and  his 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Anne  Wilson. 
whose  birthplace  was  Nottingham.  Kng 
land.  He  obtained  his  education  from  the 
common  schools,  College  Hill,  and  one 
year  at  Moore's  Hill  College,  and  was  mar- 
ried in  October,  \^i~>.  to  Miss  Sarah  Lewis. 
Senator  Guthrie  lias  held  no  political  office 
before  the  present  one. 

Orris  Zeigler  Hubbell,  Elkhart 
county.  Hon.  Orrin  Z.  Hubbell,  of  Elk- 
hart. Indiana,  is  the  son  of  Win.  H.  Hub- 
bell, a  civil  engineer,  and  Sarah  Ann  Hub- 
bell, ami  was  horn  in  Huntington  county. 
Indiana.  March  30,  1859.  He  received 
his  education  from  the  common  schools, 
the  Butler  High  School  and  from  Indiana 
State  University.  Mr.  Hubbell  was  mar- 
ried to  Cora  E.  Congdon,  March  •"..  18S6. 
He  has  served  four  sessions  in  the  Senate, 
having  been  elected  in  bs>>  and  later  in 
1896,  but  has  had  no  other  official  position. 

Lafayette  Johnson,  Marion  and  Mor- 
gan counties.  Hon.  Lafayette  Johnson 
was  born  in  Burlington  county.  New 
Jersey,  November  14.  I860,  and  is  the  son 
of  J.  E.  Johnson,  a  window-glass  cutter, 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Sallie  Ann  Cain  Johnson,  born  in  Camden, 
New  Jersey,  and  was  educated  iii  tin-  public 
schools  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  married  to  Alice  C.  Williams,  April 
13,  l^vv  Mr.  Johnson  lias  never  held  any 
political  office. '\eept  that  of  State  Senator. 

Thomas  Halleck  Johnson,  Jay  and 
Randolph  counties.  Hon.  Thomas  H. 
Johnson,  of   Dunkirk,    Indiana,   was  born 


384 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


in  Quaker  City,  Ohio.  February  22,  1S62. 
His  father  was  Thomas  M.  Johnson,  a 
banker  and  ex-County  Treasurer  of  Guern- 
sey county.  ( >hio.  and  his  mother  Margaret 
S.  Irvin  Johnson  of  the  same  county  and 
State.  Mr.  Johnson  graduated  from  Musk- 
ingum College.  Ohio,  in  the  class  of  1882, 
degree  B.  8..  and  was  married  to  Sada  M. 
Armstrong  in  1885.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  National  convention  in  L896,  but  other 
than  this,  he  has  held  no  political  office 
prior  to  his  election  to  the  General  As- 
sembly. 

Otis  M.  Keyes,  Vermillion  and  Parke 
counties.  Hon.  Otis  M.  Keyes,  of  Dana. 
Indiana,  is  a  physician  by  profession.  He 
was  born  August  3,  1854,  in  the  town  in 
which  he  still  resides.  His  father,  Cuth- 
bert  F.  Keyes,  was  a  physician,  and  his 
mother's  maiden  name  was  .lane  Bales. 
Mr.  Keyes  received  his  education  from  the 
common  schools  and  the  Bloomingdale 
Academy,  and  was  married  August  7. 
1878,  to  Miss  Belle  Hunt.  He  lias  served 
in  the  official  capacity  of  Township  Trus- 
tee and  Secretary  of  the  County  Hoard 
prior  to  his  election  to  the  Senate  in  L898. 

Walter  A.  Legeman,  Vanderburgh, 
Pike  and  Warren  counties.  Hon.  Walter 
A.  Legeman.  of  Evansville,  Indiana,  is  by 
profession  a  printer  and  publisher.  Sen- 
ator Legeman  was  horn  in  Evansville 
January  2,  1866,  the  son  of  August  Lege- 
man. a  confectioner,  and  Pauline  Leich 
Legeman,  both  of  German  birth.  He 
received  his  education  from  the  graded 
and  high  schools  of  his  native  city,  and 
was  married  April  14.  1888,  to  Miss  Susie 
White.  Prior  to  his  election  to  the  Senate, 
in  1898,  Mr.  Legeman  has  held  no  political 

office. 

August  Leich,  Vanderburgh  county. 
Hon.  August  Leich,  of  Evansville,  In- 
diana, was  horn  in  Westphalia,  Prussia. 
■July  13,  1s4l\  the  son  of  Heinrich  Leich. 
a  cabinetmaker,  and  Johanna  Baumeister 
Leich,  both  of  whom  were  horn  in  Prussia. 


He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  Evansville.  Indiana,  and  was 
married  January  12,  1889,  to  Matilda 
Klenk.  Prior  to  his  election  to  the  Senate, 
in  1896,  he  had  held  the  office  of  Treasurer 
of  Vanderburgh  county  for  a  period  of 
four  years. 

George  C.  Miller.  Miami  and  Howard 
counties.  Hon.  George  C.  Miller  is  a 
prominent  merchant  of  Peru.  Indiana. 
Mr.  Miller  was  born  January  2,  1 S45,  the 
son  of  John  S.  Miller,  also  a  merchant  of 
Peru.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Mary  A.  Long,  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Delaware.  Mr.  Miller  was  educated  in 
the  Peru  High  School,  and  was  married  to 
Ella  Leebrick,  of  Dublin,  Indiana,  in  l*7o. 
He  has  devoted  his  entire  life  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  has  given  very  little  atten- 
tion to  party  politics,  and  has  never  held 
a  political  office  until  his  election  to  the 
Senate. 

Harry  Stewart  New,  Marion  county. 
Hon.  Harry  S.  New  is  the  son  of  Hon. 
John  C.  New  and  Melissa  Beeler  New. 
both  natives  of  Indiana.  Senator  New 
was  horn  in  Indianapolis.  December  31, 
ls\">s.  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  at  Butler 
University.  He  was  married  to  Kathleen 
V.  Milligan.  October  18,  ISso.  who  died 
in  May.  L883.  He  was  married  a  second 
time.  May.  L891,  to  Catherine  McLaen. 
Mr.  New  is  one  of  the  publishers  of  the 
Indianapolis  Journal,  the  leading  Repub- 
lican paper  of  the  State,  and  Mr.  New's 
political  doctrines  are  in  harmony  with 
the  paper  he  publishes. 

George  A.  Osborx.  Grant,  Blackford 
and  Wells  counties.  Hon.  George  A. 
(  (shorn  was  born  in  Monroe  township. 
Grant  county.  January  15,  1850.  His 
father,  George  C.  Osborn,  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  the  county,  having  moved  here 
from  Ohio  in  the  forties.  The  subject  of 
this   sketch    was    educated   in  the  county 


OF   THE    STATE    OF   INDIANA.  385 

schools   and    later   attended    the    Marion  county  Republican  committee,  and  was  a 

High  School  and  the  Normal.    He  was  for  member   of    the    Republican    State   com 

many  years  a  teacher  in  the  county.      He  mittee   from    the    eleventh    Congressional 

was  twice  elected,  and  served  two  terms  district  for  six  years-    from  Is:1"  to  1896. 

as  Trustee  of  Franklin  township.     He  was  Mr.  Osborn  has  been  a  resident  of  Marion 

for  eight  years  County  Superintendent  of  for  about  twenty  years.    He  organized  the 

Schools,  and  Auditor  of  Grant  county  for  Osborn  Paper  Company  in   1892,  and   lias 

four   years.      Mr.    Osborn    has   taken    an  been  the  active  manager  and  head  of  the 

active  part  in  politics.    Besides  holding  the  business  ever  since.     He  is  a  member  of 

several   offices   above    mentioned,    he  has  the   I.  <  >.  0.  F.  and  K.   of   P.  orders,  and 

been   for  many  years  connected    with   the  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church.      His 

county  and  State  committee.    He  has  been  family  consists  of  a  wile  and  three  chil- 

both  secretary  and  chairman  of  the  Grant  dren — a  son  and  two  daughters. 


THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

The  House   of    Representatives  was  very  ably  presided  over   by  Hon.    Frank    L. 
Littleton,   and  in   its  membership  is  contained  the  best  young  blood  of  the  party  in 

the  State. 

WILLIAM    H.    AIKIN,    Bartholomew  May  1,  1S89.      Before  coming  to  the  legis- 

m    county.      Hon.  William    11.  Aikin.  of  lature  he  had  served  as  Surveyor  of  Boone 

Hope,  Indiana,  was  born  in  the  county  he  county.    City    Attorney    of    Lebanon   and 

now  represents,  September  22,  ls.",7.      His  School  Trustee. 

father,  John  Aikin.  was  a  farmer  of  Ken-  JoHN  w    Baker,  Kosciusko  and  Whit- 

tucky,  and  his  mother's  maiden  name  was  iey  counties.      Hon.    John    W.    Baker,   of 

Martha  D.  Perry,  whose  birthplace  was  in  Columbia  City,  is  editor  and  proprietor  of 

Tennessee.      Mr.    Aikin   was   educated  in  th(,    Columbia  City   Commercial,  and    he 

the  common  schools  and  was  married   Feb-  ^ag  born  in  Hancock  county,  Ohio.  March 

ruary  14,  1869,  to  Almira  Williams.      He  -^   ,s4-_  t)l(.  S()1|   ,,,-    [i,.nrv   Baker,    whose 

has   held    no    political    office  prior  to  his  birthplace  was  in  Virginia.      His  mother's 

election  to  the  legislature,  except   that   of  maiden  name  was  Eve  Switz,  born  in  Knox 

Justice  of  the  Peace.  county,  Ohio.       Mr.    Baker   attended    the 

SAMUEL    K.    Artman,    Madison.    Hani-  public   schools    of    his    native   State    until 

ilton.    Boone  and    Montgomery  counties,  fifteen  years   of    age,    when    he    came  to 

Hon.  S.  R.  Artman.  of  Lebanon,  was  born  Indiana,  after  which    lie  spent  two  years 

in  Augusta,  Marion  county.  Indiana.  May  in  an  academy  at   Warsaw.  Indiana.       He 

L5,   1866,  the  son  of  Joseph    Artman  and  was  married  July  26,   IS64-,  to  Miss  Sarah 

Elizabeth  Dunlap  Artman,  both  of  whom  F.  Thornberg.      Prior  t"  Mr.  Baker's  elec- 

were  born  in   Indiana   county.    Peimsylva-  tion,  in    November,   1898,  to  a  seal  in  the 

nia.      He  received  his  education   from  the  House.be  had  served  as  a  Director  of  the 

common  schools  and  from  the  State  Normal  Northern    Prison,     1S7T    to    1879,    and    as 

school,  and  was  married  to  Addie  A.  Cobb.  Postmaster  at  Columbia  City.  1884-1885, 


386 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


Otway  Allen  Baker,  Martin  and 
Orange  counties.  Hon.  Otway  A.  Baker, 
of  Shoals,  Indiana,  was  born  at  Trinity 
Springs,  in  the  county  of  his  present  home, 
the  son  of  N.  S.  Baker,  born  in  the  same 
county.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Dicj'  L.  Duncan,  of  Posey  county,  Indiana. 
Mr.  Baker's  education  was  obtained  in  the 
public  schools  of  Martin  county.  In  L893 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Ruby  Reid.  Prior 
to  Mr.  Bakers  election  to  the  legislature 
in  November,  1898,  he  had  held  no  politi- 
cal office. 

James  Milton  Barlow,  Hendricks 
county.  Hon.  James  M.  Barlow,  was 
horn  in  Hendricks  county  September  13, 
1845,  the  son  of  Harvey  Rice  Barlow,  a 
farmer,  and  Sarah  J.  Smith  Barlow,  both 
of  whom  were  Kentuckians  by  birth.  Mr. 
Barlow  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Danville  and  spent  some  time 
in  Wabash  college.  He  served  as  a  sol- 
dier in  the  Civil  War  and  is  a  member  of 
the  G.  A.  R.  In  addition  to  his  service  in 
the  legislature,  lie  has  served  on  several  im- 
portant commissions  and  in  some  minor 
offices.  He  was  married  May  IT.  L871,  to 
Sarah  E.  Hornadav. 

Quincy  Adams  Blankenship,  Morgan 
county.  Hon.  Quincy  A.  Blankenship 
was  horn  and  reared  on  a  farm  near  Par- 
agon, Morgan  county.  Indiana,  November 
1">,  1851.  His  education  was  obtained  in 
the  common  schools  of  Paragon,  the 
Spiceland  Academy  and  the  Northwestern 
Christian  University,  now  known  as  Butler 
University.  Mr.  Blankenship  represented 
his  county  in  the  Sixtieth  and  Sixty-first 
General  Assemhlies  and  was  generally 
known  as  the  ••fanner"  Representative. 
He  has  always  heen  a  farmer  and  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Martinsville  bar. 

John  A.  Bonham,  Blackford  and  Ran- 
dolph counties.  Hon.  John  A.  Bonham. 
of  Hartford  City,  was  horn  in  the  place  of 
his  present  residence  April  hi.  1861,  the 
son   of  William   A.   Bonham,  who  was   a 


native  of  Perry  county,  Ohio,  and  a  law- 
yer by  profession,  and  Mary  A.  Robey 
Bonham,  of  Perry  county.  Ohio.  Mr.  Bon- 
ham received  his  education  from  the  com- 
mon and  high  schools  of  his  native  town, 
and  at  the  State  University.  He  married 
Maud  Perkins,  of  Lebanon,  Indiana,  May 
<i,  1 89 1 .  He  has  held  the  official  positions < >f 
City  Clerk,  Mayor,  Prosecirting  Attorney, 
chairman  county  centra]  committee,  and  is 
a  sound  money -protectionist-expansionist. 

Arthur  A.  Burrier,  Grant  county. 
Hon.  Arthur  A.  Burrier,  of  Roseherg,  In- 
diana, was  horn  May  28,  1857,  in  Grant 
county.  Ohio.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Mary  P.  Tharp,  of  Grant  county.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  with  two  years  in  the  Marion  High 
School  and  one  year  in  Spiceland  Academy. 
He  was  married  in  1881  to  Etta  Lacy. 
Prior  to  his  election  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly he  served  four  years  as  Township 
Trustee. 

Silas  Abiathar  Canada,  Randolph 
county.  Hon.  Silas  A.  Canada,  of  Win- 
chester, Indiana,  an  attorney,  was  born 
in  Randolph  county,  Indiana,  January  14, 
l^•<.~c_,.  His  father,  David  Canada,  a 
farmer,  was  horn  in  Guilford  county,  North 
Carolina,  and  his  mother.  Mary  A. 
(maiden  name  Moore),  was  horn  in  Ran- 
dolph county.  Indiana.  Silas  A.  was 
reared  on  a  farm,  attending  the  district 
schools  in  winter  until  is  years  of  age, 
when  he  began  teaching  school  and  car- 
pentering; one  year  a  student  in  Farm- 
land High  School,  one  term  in  Winchester 
High  School,  one  season  in  Ridgeville  Col- 
lege; began  the  study  of  law  in  1876  and 
to  practice  in  1*77;  married  Jennie  Pen- 
land,  of  New  Paris,  Ohio.  Since  1876  he 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  politics,  being 
a  thorough  believer  in  the  principles  of 
the  Republican  party.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  tor  the  twen- 
ty-fifth judicial  district ;  served  as  Deputy 
Prosecutor  for  the  same  district  from  1890 
to    1892.        [n    L894   was  elected  Countv 


OF   THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


387 


Attorney:  re-elected  in  189.0.  In  1  896  was 
elected  Representative  for  Randolph  coun- 
ty, and  re-elected  in  IS98;  was  chairman 
of  the  judiciary  committee;  is  a  member 

of  the  Lincoln  League  and  University  Ex- 
tension; is  a  K.  of  P.,  odd  Fellow  and  a 
Mason. 

Morgan  Caraway,  Hancock  and  Ma- 
rion counties.  Hon.  Morgan  Caraway,  of 
Greenfield,  Indiana,  was  born  near  Alder- 
son.  West  Virginia.  January  14,  1848, 
the  son  of  Samuel  faraway  and  Amanda 
Alderson  Caraway,  both  of  Alderson,  West 
Virginia.  Mr.  Caraway  spent  his  early 
manhood  in  West  Virginia  until  lie  was 
compelled  to  leave  to  prevent  being  draft- 
ed into  the  Confederate  army  at  the  age 
of  17  years.  He  received  bis  early  educa- 
tion at  a  private  school  in  West  Virginia, 
and  later  graduated  from  the  Indiana 
State  Normal  School.  He  was  married 
November  1:.'.  1871,  to  Cassie  M.  McNa- 
mee.  After  teaching  some  time  in  Indiana 
he  went  to  Kansas  and  remained  there  for 
several  years  in  educational  work,  news- 
paper work  and  politics.  He  served  as 
Postmaster  at  Great  Bend,  Kansas.  1889 
to  1893.  He  returned  to  Indiana  for  a 
permanent  home  about  four  years  ago. 

Addison  Praden  Clark.  Clinton 
comity.  Hon.  Addison  P.  Clark,  of  Frank- 
fort. Indiana,  was  born  at  Jefferson.  Clin- 
ton county.  February  26,  1864,  the  son  of 
John  G.  Clark,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
his  mother's  maiden  name  was  Braden, 
of  Clinton  county.  Indiana.  He  gradu- 
ated at  the  Frankfort  High  School,  also  at 
the  Ann  Arbor.  Michigan,  High  School  ami 
spent  two  and  a  half  years  in  the  literary 
department  of  the  Michigan  Oniversity 
and  graduated  from  the  law  school  of  the 
same  institution.  Before  his  election  to 
the  legislature  Mr.  Clark  held  no  political 
office. 

John  Foster  Compton.  Vermillion  and 
Vigo  comities.  Hon.  John  F.  Compton, 
of     Perrvsville.    Indiana,    a    teacher    and 


merchant,  was  born  in  Waverly,  <  >hio. 
November  18,  1835,  eldesl  -on  of  Marshall 
Compton,  a  farmer  of  Waverly.  Pike 
county,  <  >hio.  Hi-  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Asenath  Foster,  ol  i  imega,  Pike 
county,  Ohio.  He  attended  the  country 
school  during  boyhood  and  Thorntown 
Academy  from  1S56  to  I860.  Enlisted 
and  was  a  Second  Lieutenant  of  Company 
P.  Tenth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  sub- 
sequently Superintendent  of  city  schools  of 
Covington.  Indiana,  and  later  Superin- 
tendent of  Perrvsville  schools.  Engaged 
in  business  in  1871;  was  married  February 
1.-..  1872,  to  Miss  Harriet  E.  Moffatt,  of 
Perrvsville.  Indiana.  In  1S82  and  1883, 
Superintendent  Industrial  Training  School 
for  Indians.  In  the  Assembly  of  bM 
and  1899;  in  politics  a  Republican,  voting 
for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  1860.  Member  of 
the  Masonic  fraternity. 

HarveyC.  lMi.i.KY.  Huntington  county. 
Hon.  HarveyC.  Dilley,  of  Markle,  Indiana, 
was  born  in  Crawford  county,  Ohio.  April 
6,  1847,  the  son  of  a  farmer  of  Washing- 
ton county.  Pennsylvania.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Sarah  Chambers,  a 
native  of  the  same  county  and  State.  He 
was  married  October  23,  1873,  to  Huldah 
Johnston,  and  before  his  election  to  the 
legislature  he  had  held  no  office. 

Crandell Durham,  Vigocounty.  Hon. 
Crandell Durham,  of  Terre  Haute.  Indiana, 
was  born  in  Vigo  county.  Indiana.  Sep- 
tember 21,  1866,  the  -on  of  George  D. 
Durham  and  Sarah  J.  Crandell  Durham. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  Vigocounty, 
Indiana,  and  the  mother  of  Logan  county. 
Kentucky.  Mr.  Durham  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  and  high  schools  of 
Telle  Haute.  lie  was  married  in  May. 
1890,  to  Alice Pollitt.  In  November.  S>. 
Mi-.  Durham  was  elected  to  a  -eat  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  from  Vigo  county. 
Prior  to  his  election,  he  had  held  no  office. 

Stephen  H.  Fuller,  Steuben  and  La- 
Grange  countii  s.     Hon.  Stephen  H.  Fuller 


HISTORY    OF   THK    REPUBLICAN    PAKTY 


was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  N.  Y., 

tlir  son  of  Alvan  Fuller,  a  farmer  of  New 
Hampshire  birth.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Brown,  whose  birthplace  was 
New  York.  Mr.  Fuller  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  the  Rush  Medical 
College.  He  was  married  first  to  Miss 
Harriett  Follett  in  1876,  and  later  to  Mrs. 
Cora  Cowen  in  ls;t4.  Before  his  election 
to  the  legislature  Dr.  Fuller  had  served  as 
Township  Trustee. 

Leigh  G.  Furxkss.  Porter  county.  Hon. 
Leigh  G.  Furness  was  born  at  Furnessville, 
Indiana,  December  In.  1857,  where  he  now 
resides  and  manages  a  large  farm  owned 
by  himself  and  father.  His  father.  Edwin 
L.  Furness.  was  born  at  Portland.  Maine, 
and  was  engaged  at  farming  and  lumber- 
ing at  Furnessville.  which  place  was  named 
for  him.  He  is  now  retired.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Louisa  M.  Graves,  also 
born  in  Maine.  He  attended  the  home 
schools  and  then  the  high  school  at 
Michigan  City,  and  later  the  Normal  Col- 
lege at  Valparaiso.  He  taught  school  sev- 
eral years,  ami  from  lsso  to  1883  was 
connected  with  the  St.  Louis  Grain  Eleva- 
tor Company  of  St.  Louis.  Was  married 
June  28,  L882,  to  .Mary  J.  Barnard,  of 
Delaware.  Ohio,  and  has  four  daughters. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Indiana,  session  of  IsiiT.  and  also  of 
L899.  He  has  held  no  other  political  office. 
and  belongs  to  no  societies  except  the 
Royal  Arcanum. 

Adam  Gants,  Noble  county.  Hon. 
Adam  Gants,  of  Ligonier,  Indiana,  was 
born  in  Stark  county.  Ohio,  October,  IS38. 
His  father.  Samuel  Gants,  was  a  farmer, 
and  his  mother.  Anna  Hoover  Gants,  was 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  Harris- 
burg.  Ohio,  and  at  the  Seminary  at  Marl- 
boro.  He  was  married  December  25,  1861, 
to  Josephine  Johnson,  of  Ligonier.  In- 
diana. Dr.  Gants  is  a  dentist  by  profes- 
sion.     He  has  served  as  Councilman  in  the 


city  council  of  Ligonier.  and  was  elected 
in  1 898  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  the  sixty- 
first  session  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Edmox  G.  Hall,  Benton  and  Newton 
counties.  Hon.  Edmon  G.  Hall,  of  Fowler, 
Indiana,  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He 
was  born  in  Oxford,  Indiana,  January  is. 
1864,  the  son  of  Allen  C.  Hall,  a  farmer 
ami  stock  breeder,  and  of  Ellen  Frazier. 
He  received  his  education  from  the  graded 
and  high  schools  of  Oxford,  Indiana,  and 
took  his  professional  course  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  and  was  married  De- 
cember 13,  1896,  to  Alice  M.  Shoup.  He 
has  held  no  political  office  prior  to  his  elec- 
tion to  the  General  Assembly,  in  which  he 
served  in  the  sixtieth  and  sixty-first  ses- 
sions. 

John  J.  Hayes,  St.  Joseph  county. 
Hon.  John  J.  Hayes,  of  South  Bend.  In- 
diana, was  born  in  Manchester,  England. 
March  7.  1861.  Came  to  the  United  States 
in  1882,  and  to  Indiana  in  1895.  His 
father  is  William  Hayes,  a  carriage  black- 
smith, born  in  Liverpool,  England,  and 
his  mother's  maiden  name  was  Mary  Ann 
Hennessey,  of  Dublin.  Ireland.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  from  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  was  mar- 
ried February  i:'».  1886,  to  Agnes  Ellen 
O'Neil.  who  died  December  26,  1898.  Mr. 
Hayes  served  as  assistant  superintendent 
in  a  department  of  the  Rochester,  N.  Y.. 
post  office  for  four  years,  and  for  the  past 
two  years  has  been  a  secretary  of  the 
Republican  Sound  Money  Club  of  South 
Bend. 

WlLBER  A.  Hays.  Greene  county. 
Hon.  Wilber  A.  Hays,  of  Worthington, 
Indiana,  was  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Indiana,  December  30,  1*47.  the  son  of 
Alfred  Hays,  a  merchant  and  farmer,  of 
Kentucky,  and  his  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Reed,  whose  birthplace  was  Jefferson 
county.  Indiana.  Mr.  Hays  received  his 
education  from  the  common  schools  and 
DePauw  LTniversitv.  in   which  university 


OF   THK   STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


389 


he  reached  the  junior  year.  He  was  mar- 
ried October  3,  1872,  to  Mary  0.  Senseney, 
of  Crawford  county.  Before  coming  to 
the  legislature,  Mr.  Hays  had  served  the 
public  as  Township  Trustee.  Town  School 
Trustee  and  as  County  Commissioner. 

Fredekick  Augustus  Heuring,  Jr.. 
Spencer  county.  Hon.  Frederick  A. 
Heuring,  Jr.,  of  Rockport,  Indiana,  was 
born  July  8,  L859,  in  the  county  which  he 
now  represents,  the  son  of  F.  A.  Heur- 
ing, a  minister,  German  birth,  and  Augus- 
ta Busch  Heuring,  of  Baltimore.  Mary- 
land. He  received  bis  education  first 
from  the  common  schools  and  later  from 
Asbury,  now  DePauw  University,  and  was 
married  to  Jessie  Brandenburg,  February 
14,  1893.  Mr.  Heuring  served  as  Sur- 
veyor of  Spencer  county  from  1888  to 
1898,  which  is  the  only  political  office  he 
has  held  prior  to  his  election  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly. 

John  W.  HoLCOMB,  Decatur  county. 
Hon.  John  W.  Holcomb,  was  bom  in 
Decatur  county,  February  27.  1874,  and 
is  the  son  of  Daniel  W.  Holcomb,  a 
farmer,  born  in  Dearborn  county,  and 
Mary  Evans  Holcomb,  of  Decatur  county. 
Mr.  Holcomb  received  bis  elementary  edu- 
cation from  the  public  schools,  and  later 
spent  two  years  in  the  Central  Normal 
College  at  Danville,  Indiana,  and  gradu- 
ated from  the  teachers'  course,  and  also 
from  the  course  in  law.  Previous  to  his 
election  to  the  legislature  in  1898,  Mr. 
Holcomb  has  not  filled  any  political  office. 

James  McDonald  Huff,  Daviess 
county.  Hon.  James  McD.  Huff  of  Wash- 
ington, Indiana,  was  born  in  Martin 
county.  Indiana.  July  6,  IS68,  the  sun  of 
James  D.  Huff,  a  farmer,  native  of  Har- 
rison county,  Ohio.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Joanna  <  ('Connor,  and  her  birth- 
place County  Carey,  near  Cork,    Ireland. 

AsburyL.  Kerwood,  Delaware  county. 
Hon.  Asbury  L.  Kerwood,  of  Muncie,  was 
born    in    Preble   countv,   Ohio,   June    21. 


1842,  the  son  of  Rev.  Abia  M.  Eerwood,  a 
native  of  Washington  county.  Pennsylva- 
nia. His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Re 
becca  Peden,  also  of  Washington  county. 
Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Kerwood  received  bis 
education  from  the  public  schools  of  Ohio 
and  Indiana,  and  was  married  July  22. 
1868,  to  Susan  C.  Craw.  Prior  to  his  elec- 
tion to  the  legislature,  Mr.  Kerwood  sen  ed 
as  (Jerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Delaware 
county  from  L875  to  1883. 

Albert  B.  Kirkpatrick,  Howard 
county.  Hon.  Albert  15.  Kirkpatrick  was 
born  in  Hendricks  county,  Indiana.  March 
17.  1855,  the  son  of  William  Kirkpatrick, 
a  fanner,  and  native  of  Indiana.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Walker, 
of  North  Carolina  birth.  Mr.  Kirkpat- 
rick received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  later  at  Butler  College,  where 
be  graduated  in  L878  with  the  degree  B. 
S.,  and  in  L880  from  the  Central  Law 
School  of  Indiana,  degree  LL.  B.  He 
was  married  to  Susie  Bradley  of  Indian- 
apolis in  L883.  Before  his  election  to  the 
General  Assembly.  Mr.  Kirkpatrick  had 
served  as  Deputy  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Howard  county  four  years.  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  the  thirty  sixth  judicial  cir- 
cuit two  years,  and  Mayor  of  the  city  of 
Kokorno  four  years. 

Hugh  D.  McGary  Gibson  county. 
Hon.  Hugh  D.  McGary,  of  McGary,  In 
diana.  was  born  in  Gibson  county.  Febru- 
ary 7.  LS40,  the  son  of  Harrison  D.  Mc- 
Gary, a  farmer  of  Kentucky  birth,  and 
Nancy  Pritchetl  McGaiy,  who  was  born 
in  North  Carolina.  What  school  educa- 
tion Mr.  McGary  has  was  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  in  a  period  of  six  months' 
attendance.  He  was  married  September 
26,  1867,  to  Sarah  0.  Weed.  Before  his 
election  to  the  legislature  in  November. 
IS98,  he  had  held  the  office  of  Sheriff  ol 
Gibson  county.   I  SSJ   I  ^v 

William  W.  M  vnif<  ild,  Madison 
countv.       Hon.   William    W.    Manifold,    of 


390 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


[ngalls,    Indiana,    is  a  farmer,    who  was 

bora  in  Madison  county,  -Inly  14.  ls.">7. 
the  sun  of  James  W.  Manifold,  a  farmer, 
born  in  the  same  comity.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Virginia  A.  Crosley,  a 
native  of  the  same  county.  He  received 
a  common  school  education  and  married. 
March  1">.  1885,  Sarah  A.  Hiday.  Before 
coming  to  the  legislature  he  had  served  as 
Township  Trustee  from  IS86  to  1890. 

Jacob  W.  Messick,  Vanderburgh 
county.  Hon.  Jacob  W.  Messick.  of 
Evansville.  was  horn  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  June  5,  L830,  and  is  the  son  of 
Harrington  Messick.  a  farmer  and  native 
of  the  State  of  Maryland.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Eliza  Jines.  also  a  na- 
tive of  Maryland.  Mr.  Messick*s  school 
education  was  very  limited,  having  at- 
tended 1  lie  public  school  hut  four  months 
in  his  life  in  a  log  schoolhouse  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Indiana.  He  was  married  to 
Sarah  A.  Connett,  at  Madison.  Indiana, 
in  1851,  and  prior  to  his  service  in  the 
last  legislature  he  had  served  in  the  same 
body  in  1879  and  in  1881. 

Calvin  C.  Miller.  Kosciusko  county. 
Hon.  Calvin  C.  Miller,  of  Sidney.  Indiana, 
was  born  September  3,  1871,  son  of  Samuel 
P.  Miller,  a  native  of  Miami  county,  Ohio, 
and  a  farmer  by  occupation.  His  mother's 
maiden  name  was  Rachel  Heckman,  of 
Kosciusko  county.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  Sidney 
and  from  the  North  Manchester  College. 
He  was  married  May  31,  LS94,  to  Edna 
B.  Burwell.  Before  being  elected  to  the 
legislature  Mr.  Miller  held  no  political 
office. 

Oliver  M.  Murphy,  Marion  county. 
Hon.  Oliver  M.  Murphy  was  horn  in  Indi- 
anapolis November  1.".,  I860,  the  son  of 
Jesse  T.  Murphy,  a  native  of  Xenia,  Ohio, 
and  a  contractor.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Martha  Bice.  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. He  received  his  education  from  the 
graded   and  high   schools  of  Indianapolis 


and  was  married  April  15,  1S91,  to  Miss 
Emma  Van  Sickle.  Prior  to  his  election 
to  the  General  Assembly  he  has  held  the 
office  of  Councilman  for  four  years  from 
the  first  ward  in  Indianapolis. 

Benjamin  E.  Osborn,  Marion  county. 
Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Osborn,  of  Nora.  Indi- 
ana, was  horn  in  Shelby  comity.  Indiana, 
in  1840,  the  son  of  Amos  G.  Osborn.  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  and  a  farmer.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Isabel  Lowe, 
a  native  of  Virginia.  He  received  his 
education  from  the  common  schools  and 
was  married  in  1865  to  Julia  0.  Campbell. 
Prior  to  his  election  to  the  legislature  Mr. 
Osborn  has  held  no  political  office. 

Elias  II.  Owen,  Parke  county.  Hon. 
E.  H.  Owen  is  the  son  of  James  Owen  and 
Esther  Harris  Owen,  both  of  whom  were 
natives  of  North  Carolina,  and  who  moved 
to  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  in  the  thirties. 
Mr.  Owen  was  horn  in  1846,  the  youngest 
of  seven  children,  and  his  father  died  in 
1850.  Mr.  Owen  attended  the  common 
schools  until  he  reached  the  age  of  four- 
teen years,  when  he  was  forced  to  drop 
his  school  work  to  support  his  mother. 
Yet.  in  the  midst  of  hard  labor,  he  con- 
tinued his  education  by  home  study.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  ill  the  army  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  his  mother 
dying  during  his  absence.  He  remained 
a  citizen  of  Wayne  county  until  1875, 
then  removed  to  Indianapolis  and  made 
that  his  home  until  L880,  when  he 
removed  to  Parke  county,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Before  his  election  to  the 
legislature,  he  was  elected  County  Auditor 
of  Parke  county  in  1894  and  bad  served 
one  term. 

Joseph  Boxwell  Powers,  .lay  county. 
Hon.  Joseph  B.  Powers,  of  Como,  Indiana, 
was  horn  in  Picking  county,  Ohio,  October 
4.  ls4:'>.  the  son  of  John  N.  Powers,  a 
hatter  by  trade,  and  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Winifred   Boxwell.  a  native  of  Marvland. 


OF    THE    STATE    OF    INDIANA. 


391 


Mr.  Powers  had  only  the  school  education 
afforded  by  the  common  schools  of  Ohio 
and  Indiana.  He  was  married  March  18, 
1 -7  1 . to  Miss  Mary  ( 'atherine  Keek.  Until 
his  election  to  the  State  legislature  in 
Ws.  Mr.  Powers  has  held  no  political 
office. 

James  X.  Eeece.  St.  Joseph  county. 
Hon.  James  N.  Eeece.  of  North  Liberty, 
Indiana,  was  horn  in  the  county  he  now 
represents,  the  son  of  David  W.  Reece,  a 
farmer,  and  native  of  Tennessee.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Nancy  M. 
Wilson,  whose  birthplace  was  Payette 
county.  Indiana.  Dr.  Reece  received  his 
education  from  the  common  school,  includ- 
ing the  high  school,  and  graduated  from 
Rush  Medical  College,  1888.  He  was 
married  to  Sarah  L.  Cole  May  11.  L879. 
Prior  to  his  flection  to  the  legislature  in 
1898,  he  had  held  no  elective  political 
office. 

Alva  Owen  Resek.  Tippecanoe  county. 
Hon.  AlvaO.  Reset',  of  LaFayette,  Indiana, 
was  born  in  LaFayette.  November  17,  1  S59, 
the  son  of  Harvey  Reser,  a  farmer  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Sarah  Waymire  Reser.  Mr. 
Reser  received  his  education,  above  the 
common  schools,  at  Purdue  University, 
and  was  married  in  1885  to  Elizabeth 
Smith.  Before  his  election  to  the  legisla- 
ture. Mr.  Reser  had  held  no  political  office. 

William  H.  Rifenburg,  Lake  county. 
Hon.  William  H.  Rifenburg.  of  Hobart. 
Indiana,  was  born  in  New  York,  the  son 
of  Aaron  Rifenburg,  a  native  of  the  same 
place,  and  his  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Mary  Banks.  He  received  the  education 
offered  by  the  district  schools,  and  in  IS6S 
was  married  to  Sabrina  Sawyer.  Mr. 
Rifenburg  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War, 
and  has  filled  the  minor  offices  of  his  town- 
ship, and  served  in  the  House  in  the  six- 
tieth session  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Edward  S.  Roberts.  Jefferson  county. 
Hon.  Edward  S.  Roberts  was  born  in 
Madison  in  1-74.  the  son  of  W.  S.  Roberts 


and  Nellie  Weyer  Roberts,  both  born  in 
Madison.  Mr.  Roberts  received  hi-  edu 
cation  from  the  public  schools  of  Madison, 
having  graduated  from  the  Bigh  School. 
He  has  served  one  term  as  Deputy  Prose- 
cutor of  the  fifth  judicial  district. 

Wilson  Roose,  Elkharl  county.  Hon. 
Wilson  House,  of  Goshen,  Indiana,  was 
born  February  20,  1866,  in  Elkharl  county, 
and  is  the  son  of  John  M.  House,  a  car- 
penter and  farmer,  and  Mary  Myers  Roose, 
both  of  whom  are  natives  of  Ohio.  Mr. 
Roose  received  his  education  from  the 
common  schools,  and  on  February  20, 
L890,  he  was  married  to  Mary  Murray. 
He  has  served  twice  in  the  General  As- 
sembly, having  served  in  the  sixtieth 
session. 

Frederick  Schrader,  Ripley  county. 
Hon.  Frederick  Schrader.  of  Batesville, 
Indiana,  was  born  in  Prussia,  the  son  of  a 
Prussian  farmer,  F.  W.  Schrader.  and 
Sophia  Stonnan  Schrader.  He  received  his 
education  from  the  common  schools  of 
Germany,  and  was  married  to  Miss  Hed- 
wig  Halverstadt.  January  21,  1871.  Mr. 
Schrader  has  served  as  School  Trustee  and 
Town  Marshal  of  Batesville  before  his 
election  to  the  State  legislature. 

Alexander  M.  Scott,  Montgomerj 
county.  Hon.  Alexander  M.  Scott,  a 
banker  of  Ladoga,  was  horn  in  Putnam 
county.  Indiana,  the  son  of  a  farmer. 
Alexander  Scott,  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Martha  Wills, 
of  Fleming  county,  Kentucky.  Mr.  Scott 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  He 
was  married  first  to  Matilda  A.  Miller  in 
L866,  and  later  to  Maggie  B.  Brown  in 
L8S6.  He  lias  been  a  member  of  the 
Ladoga  Public  School  Board  for  the  pasl 
twenty  years,  and  served  in  the  legislature 
in  tlie  fifty-first  session.    1-77-7!'. 

Reuben  B,  Scott,  Lawrence  county. 
11, ,n.  Reuben  B.  Scott,  of  Bedford,  In 
diana,  was  born  in  Hush  county.  Indiana. 
May  :'■".   I-:'''-1,  the  son  of  Joshua  Scott,  of 


392 


HISTORY    OF   THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY 


North  Carolina.  His  mother's  maiden 
name  was  McCoy,  also  a  native  of  North 
Carolina.  He  received  a  very  limited  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools,  and  was  mar- 
ried October  4,  1865.  Prior  to  his  election 
to  the  General  Assembly.  Mr.  Scott  held 
no  political  office. 

Orlando  Allen  Somers,  Howard. 
Grant.  Miami.  Wabash  and  Huntington 
counties.  Hon.  Orlando  A.  Somers,  of 
Kokonio,  Indiana,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Henry  county.  Indiana.  January 
24.  1843,  the  son  of  Valentine  Somers,  a 
millwright  and  farmer,  born  in  Richland 
county.  Ohio.  His  mother's  maiden  name 
was  Mary  McLain  Williams,  and  the  place 
of  her  birth  Connellsville,  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Somers  was  educated  in  the  public- 
schools  and  in  Howard  College.  He  was 
married  first  to  Mahala  Morris.  April  5, 
1866,  and  later  to  Emma  Heaton,  March 
■2-i.  1S87.  He  has  been  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools.  County  Superintendent  of 
Howard  county.  Postmaster  at  Kokonio. 
and  County  Commissioner  of  Howard 
county.  Mr.  Somers  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Civil  War,  and  announces  now  the  peculiar 
belief  of  honesty  in  politics  and  Christian- 
ity in  religion. 

Jesse  ('.  Stevens.  Wayne  county. 
Hon.  Jesse  C.  Stevens,  a  fanner,  from 
Centerville.  Indiana,  was  born  in  St. 
Joseph  county,  Michigan,  the  son  of 
Walter  G.  Stevens,  a  native  of  Clermont 
county.  ( )liio.  and  Martha  Jeffries  Stevens. 
of  Richmond,  Indiana.  He  received  such 
education  only  as  the  public  schools  could 
afford.  lb-  was  married  in  1867  to  Eliza 
A.  King,  of  Centerville,  Indiana,  and 
until  his  election  to  a  seat  in  the  General 
Assembly  he  held  no  political  office. 


Charles  Whitcomb.  Vigo  county. 
Hon.  Charles  Whitcomb  is  one  of  the 
youngest  members  of  the  somewhat  noted 
family  of  that  name,  being  a  near  rela- 
tive i if  ex-(  ioverm >r  Whitcomb.  of  Indiana. 
Mr.  Whitcomb  was  born  in  Clinton. 
Indiana,  December  27,  ls4s:  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town, 
adding  to  this  three  years'  work  at  As- 
bury  mow  DePauwi  University,  but  did 
not  complete  the  course.  Mr.  Whitcomb 
is  the  son  of  John  Whitcomb.  born  in 
Preble  county.  Ohio,  and  Margaret  Whit- 
comb, horn  in  Summerville,  Ohio.  He  is 
in  mercantile  business  in  Clinton  and  in 
loan  business  in  Terre  Haute.  He  has 
not  held  political  office  prior  to  the  pres- 
ent one. 

George  Williams,  Henry  county. 
Hon.  George  Williams,   of   Knightstown, 

Indiana,  was  horn  in  Hancock  county. 
October  13,  1846,  the  son  of  Richard  Wil- 
liams, a  fanner,  and  Deborah  Hatfield 
Williams,  a  native  of  Ohio.  He  received 
bis  education  from  the  public  schools  and 
spent  one  year  in  the  academy  at  Green- 
field. He  was  married  October  28,  1869, 
to  Sarah  E.  Barrett.  Prior  to  bis  election 
to  the  legislature  he  had  served  as  Town- 
ship Trustee  and  School  Trustee  o 
Knightstown.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  prom- 
inent merchant  of  Knightstown. 

Benjamin  Milton  Willoughby,  Knox. 
Gibson  and  Vanderburgh  counties.  Hon. 
Benjamin  Milton  Willoughby.  of  \ "in 
cennes,  Indiana,  is  a  lawyer  by  profession 
and  represented  the  above  counties  in  the 
sixty-first  session  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. He  had  also  served  in  the  fifty-ninth 
and  sixtieth  sessions  of  the  House.