History of the short-horn cattle: their origin, progress and present condition

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AUTHOR OF “AMERICAN CATTLE, EDITOR OF THE “AMERICAN SHORT-HORN

HERD BOOK,”’ ETC.

BULE ReAe Oe IN: Y.\:

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by
LEWIS F. ALLEN,

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

WarREN, JOHNSON & Co.
Stereotypers, Printers and Binders,

Burrato, N. Y.

PRE BAG E:

THIS book has cost me much labor. The material from
which it has been drawn was difficult to obtain—much more
than those not conversant with the subject would imagine—and
many years have elapsed in its gathering. Short-horn cattle
history, in a connected form, has never existed since the race
has been known, and it is only through the scraps and desultory
notes made from time to time by different breeders and occa-
sional writers within the past seventy years that we learn any-
thing with certainty, and then in such disconnected fragments
that the toil of dissecting, arranging, and putting them together
understandingly has been most perplexing and difficult.

Still, the work, such as it is, has been accomplished; and
that a volume of this character is needed by the Short-horn
breeders, of America, and other countries where the race exists,
must be evident to every intelligent breeder. Many of the
various writings relating to Short-horns, their breeding and pro-
gress, scattered through the agricultural publications of the day,
both in Great Britain and America are of decided value; but
portions of them have been intermixed with such partisan feel-
ing, and sometimes so inaccurate in statement as to yield little
of correct information to those who wish to arrive at the real
truth of Short-horn history. The mass of cattle breeders have
not been of the class addicted to scholastic pursuits, although

they knew many facts, valuable and important. Many of these

iv PREFACE.

facts have been given to the world; but more of them have
perished with their possessors who died and left no sign of
their labors, other than the noble animals whose posterity have
survived them.

The English Herd Books, from the year 1822, have recorded
pedigrees of the Short-horns existing nearly a century back,
and as they have since increased and multiplied, down to the
present time; but they have given us pedigrees only. Had
they been accompanied with historical matter relating to their
breeders, and the distinguished animals of their times, they
would have added much of both interest and instruction.
Some such notes have been written by accurate observers,
and preserved, from which we have gleaned valuable informa-
tion; but the information derived from them is less full and
complete than could be wished. Inference and guess-work
have been measurably resorted to by some writers in past days
to give color to various facts and theories of their own—some
of them right, and some erroneous. In the examination of
authorities leading to the present work many contradictory
statements have been canvassed, and an effort has been made
to separate the probable from the improbable; yet it is not
denied that errors may be found in these pages, so difficult has
it been to detect and separate fact from opinion, truth from
imagination.

It may be asked: Why, with such contrarieties of historical
fact and opinion, strive to write Short-horn history at all? The
plain answer is: The Short-horns “ave a history, and a most
interesting one. A hundred years ago they were comparatively
an obscure race* of cattle, even in the land of their nativity.
For several centuries they had been considered of little value

over other common neat cattle, until sagacious men discovered

PREFACE: Vv

their capability of improvement; and through the persevering
efforts of such men they have been raised to a degree of per-
fection, value, and popularity, far beyond any other of the
known bovine races. The money value of well-bred Short-
horns now in the United States alone, may be safely estimated
at several millions of dollars. They are worthy of a history,
and a better one, too, if possible, than is here presented; but
there having appeared no other, this must suffice until an abler
and more painstaking pen shall replace or supercede it.

This effort has been a labor of love chiefly, for in its limited
sale—anticipated only among Short-horn breeders—no pecuni-
ary profit can result from its publication. Having been for many
years connected with the compilations of the American Herd
Book, and so many questions continually arising touching facts
and incidents in their previous breeding, (perhaps better known
to the author through his several hundreds of correspondents
than to almost any other,) he has been convinced that these
cattle should have, as they well deserve, as full a history as can
be given of their race. The book makes no pretension to
literary merit. It is a plain subject, treated in a plain way,
and in the hope that it will be understood by all who may look
into its pages. Omissions, both of fact and date, there may be,
on the detection of which fastidious critics may carp and con-
demn. If such there be, we advise them to go forthwith to
work and get upa better. Without further apology or excuse
for its shortcomings, it goes forth to the public.

It is proper to say in this connection, that both the first and
second volumes of the American Herd Book contain consid-
erable matter (written and edited by the author of this work)
relating to Short-horn history, as then understood. But the pres-

ent work supercedes all that, as further sources of information

vi PREFACE.

more detailed, and in some instances more accurate, have since
come to light.

It is fitting here to acknowledge the several favors which
I have received from many correspondents in various parts
of the United States, also some few in England, and the
Canadas, who have contributed valuable information and
papers relating to various subjects of this volume, for which

I hold them in grateful remembrance.

LEWIS F. ALLEN.

BuFFALo, N.Y., August, 1872.

ie US kA ORNS:

WE have thought it necessary to illustrate the work with a few portraits of
animals of distinguished reputation in their times, and such as would show the
comparative merits and improvements in the anatomy and style of the Short-horns
as they progressed from as early a day as possible down to a recent period. The
scarcity of portraits of the earlier animals has afforded but a limited opportunity
to make selections. We have wished to present the best specimens of their time,
irrespective of any particular tribe or family to which they belonged, and only
regret that the portraits we have been able to obtain are restricted to the herds of
so few breeders; yet they were animals well known in Short-horn circles, and
whose blood courses in the veins of very many herds of the present day. They are
given with no intention to claim superiority over some others that may have existed
contemporary with them, but because other equally good portraits could not be
found. We place them in the order of time at which they lived:

1. DucueEss, red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1800, got by
Daisy bull (186), out of , by Favorite (252)—by Hubback (319),—the
Stanwick (original Duchess) cow, by J. Brown’s red bull (97). At 7 years old,
milked down, and thin in flesh. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by Dalby.
Page 13.

2. COMET (155), light roan, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1804, got by
Fayorite (252), out of Young Phcenix, by Favorite (252),—Phcenix, by Foljambe
(263),—Lady Maynard, by R. Alcock’s bull (19),—by Jacob Smith’s bull (608),—by
Jolly’s bull (337). At 6 years old. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by
Dalby. Page 74.

3. KETTON IsT (709), red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1805,
got by Favorite (252), out of Duchess, by Daisy bull (186), etc., as in No. 2, above.
At full age. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by Dalby. Frontispiece.

4. THE WHITE HEIFER THAT TRAVELED, bred by Robert Colling, calved about
the year 1806, got by Favorite (252), out of Favorite cow, by Favorite (252),—gr.
dam, by Punch (531). At full age. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by
Dalby. Page 84.

5. DucCHESs IsT, red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1808, got by
Comet (155), out of ——-——, by Favorite (252),—Duchess, by Daisy bull (186),
etc., as in No. 2, above. At full age. Drawn by Dalby. Page 125.

6. BELVEDERE (1706), roan, bred by Mr. Stephenson, calved in 1826, got by
Waterloo (2816), out of Angelina 2d, by Young Wynyard (2859),—Angelina, by
Phenomenon (491),—Anne Boleyn, by Favorite (252),—Princess, by Favorite (252)
[bred by Robert Colling, and own sister to his White bull (151)],—by Favorite (252),

Vill ILLUSTRATIONS.

—by Snowdon’s bull (612),—by Masterman’s bull (422),—by Harrison’s bull (292),
—bred by Mr. Pickering. At 8 years old. Drawn by Dalby. Page 127.

7. DUCHESS 34TH, mostly red, bred by Thomas Bates, calved in 1832, got by
Belvedere (1706), out of Duchess 29th, by 2d Hubback (1423),—Duchess 20th, by
2d Earl (1511),—Duchess 8th, by Marske (418),—Duchess 2d, by Ketton Ist (709),
—Duchess Ist, by Comet (155), etc., as in No. 5, above. At 11 years old, milked
dry, and left hip broken down. Drawn by Dalby. Page 128.

8. DuKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND (1941), red roan, bred by Thomas Bates, calved
in 1835, got by Belvedere (1706), out of Duchess 34th, by Belvedere (1706), etc., as
in No. 7, above. At 8 years old. Drawn by Dalby. Page 131.

g. NECKLACE (twinned with light roan Bracelet), mostly red, bred by John
Booth, Killerby, calved in 1837, got by Priam (2452), out of Toy, by Argus (759),—
Vestal, by Pilot (496),—Vestris, by Remus (550),—Valentine, by Blucher (82),—
Countess, by Albion (14),—by Shakspeare (582),—by Easby (232). At 6 years old.
Drawn by Gauci. Page III.

10. COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF (21451), roan, bred by Richard Booth, calved in
1864, got by Valasco (15443), out of Campfollower, by Crown Prince (10087),—
Vivandiere, by Buckingham (3239),—Minette, by Leonard (4210)—Young Moss
Rose, by Young Matchem (4422),—by Priam (2452),—by Young Alexander (2979),
—by Pilot (496). At 4 years old. Drawn by Gauci. Page 146.

The red and roan shades in the colors of the plates show less conspicuously in
lithograph than in the original paintings, for which allowance must be made. . The
artist, Mr. Page, has executed them with great fidelity and care.

Further notices of these animals will be found on the pages where the plates
occur.

ABLE OE CONTE NES:

CHAPTER IT.

First Period of their History—The Second Period—The Cathedral Cow—When
began the Improvement—Progress of Improvement...........-.2-..25- 13

CEVA REAR Tete

The Early Breeders—Dates and Names of Noted Animals—The Colling Brothers—
Hubback—The Stanwick, or Original Duchess— Lady Maynard and Young
Strawberry—Foljambe—Charles Colling’s Mode of Breeding —The Durham
@Ox—— Robert Collins andi his Breeding rele jeer o cis wie lois) clei cioreie eier«) eros) eialeiolersle 28

@AEAGP bn

Were the Collings the Earliest and Chief Improvers of the Short-horns—Their
Early Cattlkh—The Galloway Cross—Berry’s Youatt History—Charles Colling’s
Final Sale—Robert Colling’s Sales of 1818 and 1820—The Collings’ Improve-
MANES OOGOU CODE OOD DOB OOO CORE cam OOre cere cir raha ateiallepasacehes evaveysievelsis).e 56

CHAPTER IV.

The Booth Family and their Short-horns—The Studley Herd—The Killerby Herd
SNe Wenlelony lelereel sao ouoedcnoscddodeaa dace spuadoaboonoDoUSKGGDS 95

CHAP WE Ry Ve

Thomas Bates—His Short-horns and their Breeding—The Duchess Tribe —The
Matchem Cow—Mr. Bates’ other Tribes—Colors of the Bates Herds—Sale of
Mr. Bates’ Herd, and their English successors— Lord Ducie’s Breeding and
SEIES oooccosdodooncd oboe coo dogo MUUgoUS OBOE DO eDUCgoGgauGoEOUS COURS 118

CHAPTER VI.

Mr. Bates’ Influence on the Short-horns—Did he Improve them............. 144

CHAPTER VIT.

The English Short-horn Breeders contemporary with the Collings and their imme-
SERS GICEEERONES Cotdod bocunaooUd od GubddGUU Oo eo deo UnOdGoOOnSuaoOoGaE 148

x TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VIII.

The Short-horns in America—The Gough and Miller Importations of the last cen-
tury—The Patton Stock—Various other Importations—The Kentucky Impor-
tation of 1817—Sundry Importations down to 1830 ......-.eccseecccees 155

CHAPTER Ix.

The Later Short-horn Importations into various States by different associations and
individuals—Declension of Prices ............cc cece cccccccecce soeaod pLbye)

CHAPTER X.

Revival of the Short-horns in America—Importations in rapid succession into sey-
eral different States by individuals and associations — Canadian Importations—
The Short-horns as Milkers— As Flesh-producing Animals — Vitality, Longev-
ity, and Fertility—Colors of Short-horn Noses—Bodily Colors .......... 193

CHAPTER XL.

Exportations of American Short-horns to England and Scotland—The Style, Figure
and Quality which should represent a Perfect Short-horn .......... gan de Cee

CHAPTER XII.

Pure Short-horns—Herd Books—Pedigrees—The English Herd Book—The Amer-
AGAN LEVEE BOOK Aas ee oleans aie lorctersis eaisteteiotohs woe loneiebetersuaretecernreloseis invetsvensiotenees 230

@AHVAVP ae aR exelelas

Progress of Short-horns in America—Have they Improved—English and American
Herd Book Pedigrees—Notes on Breeding—Thorough-breds—Full-bloods—
(COMAMISON ssocodsdcoensdosodooo0 dsb 00D DOUdGODDO06 Sdg00b0b00000000 244

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HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CTPA eis Ra,

First PERIOD OF THEIR HISTORY.

THE origin of this noble race of cattle is obscure; but, that their
lineage is ancient there can be no question. Modern records—say
within the last hundred and fifty years, as tradition had already done
for several hundred years previous—first recognize them inhabiting
the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln, on the
north-eastern coast of England, and the country more immediately
in the vicinity of the river Tees—the dividing line between Durham
and York—as the locality where the more signal efforts have been
made in their cultivation and improvement.

Why it is that the histories of nations, states, and peoples, usually
so minute in what relates to conquests, government, laws, military
and naval achievements, arts, and the general condition of the people,
leave out valuable minor items to which the industry of the popula-
tion is continuously directed, is difficult to say, other than the histo-
rians themselves have had no tastes or sympathies in common with
agricultural pursuits; or perhaps the humbler subjects of agricul-
tural industry were esteemed of too vulgar and menial a character to
attract their notice. In short, domestic animals were below the
“dignity of history,” while the dirty intrigues of a lascivious monarch
with a high-born wanton, or of a court favorite with an attractive
wench of plebeian birth, were exalted subjects of record!

From researches through the various authorities in English annals
from the time that England had a recognized history at all, we find
no mention made of cattle, as distinguished by origin, race, or breed.
They are mentioned as domestic animals, simply, furnishing a portion
of the food of the people, and articles of traffic, and there all allusion
to them ends. We know nothing further whatever of their existence,

14 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS:.

use, or varieties than we know of the foxes, hares and badgers, in
which the outskirt lands of the nobility abounded. We have
labored descriptions and illustrations of the costumes of the people,
their amusements, games, tournaments—faithful chronicles of the
times, no doubt—but not a word of their domestic animals, save now
and then an allusion to the horses of the realm, but of them, even,
no definite idea is given of either breed, conformation, or their
adaptation to different uses.

In view of this dearth of information we have to resort somewhat
to conjecture, and that conjecture drawn from collateral testimony,
and incidents occasionally cropping out through historical events.
Until, therefore, we can strike a vein of information with apparent
truth and probability on its side, we must, as best we can, grope
through the clouds of tradition mainly for an earlier account of the
Short-horns,

For some centuries previous to the advent of the Normans under
William the Conqueror, and while under Saxon, and probably the
anterior Roman rule, the warlike Scandinavians of Denmark, Sweden
and Norway, invaded the north-eastern coasts of England, compris-
ing the counties which we have named, then called Northumbria, and
held them for longer or shorter terms in subjection. The Scandina-
vians were skilled in the use of arms, bold navigators, pirates, both
on sea and land, raiding upon all the weaker peoples which they
could reach, and holding them subsidiary to their own power and
purposes. With all these peoples, which, to a greater or less extent,
they subjected to their rule, they established trade and commerce,
and interchanged commodities, for they were as enterprising and
sagacious in trade as they were daring in their conquests and rob-
beries. ‘They may not have carried away prisoners from England
to their own lands, but more or less of their adventurous men set-
tled themselves and made homes among the conquered people, mar-
ried their women, and the children became Northumbrians in birth,
habits and permanent abode.

At the time of the Norman conquest, in the year 1066, the people
of Northumbria presented a mixture of ancient Britons, Saxons and
Scandinavians, in blood, name and identity of character. Its cli-
mate was the most rigorous of the territory lying south of Scotland;
its coast looked out on the bleak German ocean; its soil was moist,
readily worked, rich in the natural elements of fertility, and emi-
nently fitted for pasturage and the production of the better grasses;
yet its agriculture, like all the northern English counties of that day,

Biko LPERTOD: OF THEIR HISTORY. 15

was ina low condition. Its laborers were inured to the hardest fare,
and the rudest of homes. The invading Danes were not better in
their own homes than were the subdued Saxons of Northumbria in
theirs, and between them both, we may imagine that with the alternate
struggles of invasion on one side, and defense or submission on the
other, agriculture held but a meager opportunity for improvement.

Concurrent with their forays on Northumbria, the Danes extended
their raids southward, taking possession for a time of Holstein, Utrecht,
and the northerly portion of Holland. These countries they held,
as they did north-eastern England, for purposes of plunder, trade
and political advantage. As all these outlying provinces enjoyed a
milder climate and a more productive soil than their own, the sea
and land rovers profited largely in their conquests, and extended
their commerce, not only with the peoples whose homes they had
usurped, but with distant countries as well. Hence they waxed rich
and powerful, as riches and power were then considered. Among
the prominent articles of their traffic and interchange between Den-
mark and the provinces over which they held their fitful sway, was
that of domestic animals, and the chtef of these were neat cattle.

In north-western Europe, and all along the coast through Sweden,
Denmark, and southwardly through the subjugated countries towards
Holland, the cattle were a large, raw-boned race, of which we now
know little beyond what the ancient chronicles say of them, and as
they have been more lately known, only that they were useful beasts,
strong for labor, yielding largely of milk, coarse in flesh, peculiar in
color, and short in the horn. Such cattle, or those near akin to them,
exist in those countries now. It may well be supposed that the
continental cattle were frequently carried across the narrow sea sep-
arating England from the land of the Danes and their contiguous
southern neighbors, and that they became a permanent stock of the
country, as a cognate race existed in the Northumbrian counties,
when the first dawnings of agricultural advancement opened upon
the landholders and cultivators of that region some centuries after
the victorious Norman had firmly established himself on the English
throne, and driven the Danes from the possession of its soil.

For many years after their invasion and conquest, the Normans
encountered much hostility before the stubborn Saxons and Danes
(the latter which had settled among them now become incorporated
with the others in a common nationality) peacefully submitted to the
rigorous yoke which, from the moment he had secured his footing on
English ground, the Conqueror had fastened on the necks of the

16 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

ravaged people. Plundered in their homes, despoiled of their lands
and chattels, subjected to ignominious servitude, and oftentimes
struggling for life itself, the Northumbrian serfs, even when peace-
fully submissive to the iron rule of their new masters, could make
but little progress in their rude agriculture, or rise to an improved
condition of life, labor, or production.

To this subjection of the people and their lands to their new law-
givers, followed in succession through a long course of years, the
foreign wars of the kings and rulers, heavy taxation, military con-
scriptions, the petty rivalries of the nobles among themselves, the
rebellion of the barons against the despotism of their monarchs,
civil wars, religious convulsions, and the almost numberless turmoils
incident to a proud, brave, enterprising, warlike, yet ignorant people
of divers races, such as England, by the intermarriages and social
amalgamation of the higher classes of the Saxon and Norman blood,
had now become. For several centuries the common people were
little more than barbarians, and their rulers no better than despots.
Agricultural progress either languished or barely held its own. The
clothing of the peasantry and laborers was partially of the skins of
sheep and goats, frequently undressed, or sometimes by a luxurious
indulgence, of the coarsest cloth. ‘Their habitations were covered
with thatch, without chimneys, or floors, other than of earth or tile.
Their beds were of straw or grass; their food of the coarsest of
grains, and meat seldom. ‘Their farm stock had little or no shelter
beyond what the woods and frequent glens afforded, and of course
were subjected to the inclement vicissitudes of the climate. Yet
the barons, having monopolized the land, lived in state, indulging in
sumptuous feasts and entertainments, although of necessity coarse in
their kind, while the clergy and monks, appropriating to themselves
the chief learning of the times, nestled in the choicest nooks of the
territory, levied their exactions upon the surrounding people, and
reared their vast Cathedrals, and spacious, comfortable Monasteries,
while consoling them with their religious services and ceremonies.
The royal courts, too, were more luxurious than either the barons or
clergy, and although great in administration and powerful in arms,
were more or less degraded in life and morals. Yet among all these
adverse influences, great and bright men in court, and state, and
church, arose through the degradation and ignorance around them, and
gradually worked the people into better conditions of employment,
progress and civilization.

His PE RTOD On hiibh tR Sls T OR. 17

The necessities of the great landholders began at last to lead their
attention to the improvement of their soils. The country had pro-
gressed rapidly in population. The now constituted people of Eng-
land, under a progressing nationality, had become a mass of breeding
humanity. Human life had long been cheap in the sacrifices which
had been made by the governing classes, as well among themselves
as their serfs, during the wars, both foreign and civil, and also in the
frequent executions at the hands of “justice,” which then took place
for even paltry offenses committed against each other by the common
people. Yet the teeming workers at home filled these depleting
gaps more rapidly than they occurred, and far beyond, furnished new
mouths for consuming the products of the soil as well as hands to
aid in its development. Along these times an experimenter and
writer in agriculture occasionally turned up. “ Zhe Whole Art of
Husbandry,” by Barnaby Googe, was published in the year 1558;
“Tusser’s Five Hundred Points of Husbandry,” in 1562; Sir Hugh
Platt’s “Jewell Hlouse of Art and Nature,” in 1594; Fitz-Herbert,
Harrison, and some others, about the same time wrote and published
limited works on husbandry. In addition to these more humble
authors, illustrious minds, like Bacon, Raleigh, and an occasional
compger of noble birth or station enlightened the people with progres-
sive ideas on soils, their management, and articles of production.

The English world still moved. Yet in all their agricultural
advancement we hear nothing of improvement in neat cattle, until
near the beginning of the eighteenth century, or shortly previous to
the year 1720. It is true that great progress had been made in culti-
yating the soil; wide stretches of the marshy coast along the shores
of Lincoln, Cambridge and other counties, had been dyked in and
reclaimed from the sea. Considerable progress in science, in the
arts, in trade, and various departments of industry had been devel-
oped, but with a strange indifference to the improvement of domestic
animals, with the single exception of the horse—as he was indispen-
sable in both war. and luxury—little attention so far as public knowl-
edge was concerned, had been given to either cattle, sheep or swine,
except what was acquired in a few widely separated localities; and
even those improvements, wherever they occurred, attracted little or
no attention from writers on husbandry, or its interests. Yet we must
suppose that intelligent and studious minds had occasionally been
at work during the general progress in agricultural advancement,
and some attention paid to ameliorating the forms and condition of
neat cattle; for it is impossible that the Short-horns, like the fabled

2

18 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Minerva, from the head of Jupiter, should have burst out in the full
proportions of shape, color and condition, at the time we first hear
of them—about the year 1700—from the coarse, unimproved herds
of previous centuries.

SECOND PERIOD OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

In the preceding rambling, desultory, and (as some of our readers
may pronounce) irrelevant remarks, have been narrated the reasons
why, if any progress had been made in the improvement of the
neat cattle of England through past centuries down to nearly the
year 1700, we have no certain evidences of the fact recorded until
a comparatively recent date. We think the causes enumerated have
been sufficient to explain. For the improvement which had taken
place, tradition (uncertain, to be sure, when unaccompanied with sus-
taining probabilities) has done something to inform us, and recorded
observation since, has done much more. <A period of general quie-
tude in England, with only occasional interruptions, since the expul-
sion of the Stuarts from the throne, in the year 1688, had given an
unwonted impulse to the thrift and progress of every department of
her industry, advancing her to a high position among the leading
powers of Europe, both in commerce, manufactures, and the exten-
sion of her distant colonies. As a matter of necessity her agriculture
had been largely developed and improved, and with that improvement
no doubt much attention had been paid to the better quality and
value of her domestic animals. ‘To the various breeds of cattle
which England possessed, down to about the period named, we shall
pay no attention other than the Short-horns, the object of this trea-
tise, argument, history, or whatever it may be called, being solely
relating to them, as they existed anterior to their appearance at that
time, and their condition through various stages of advancement to
the present day.

The work we have undertaken, down to the period of our own mem-
ory and observation, must, of course, chiefly consist of a compilation
from the writings and records of others, and from these will be given
as faithful a transcript as possible, throwing out matter of doubtful
authority, and admitting all which has the semblance of fact and
probability. Exact facts, in all cases, cannot be ascertained; but an
approximation to facts may be, and such we shall strive to give, with-
out alteration or color. Yet, to give the semblance of probability to
what may be said, the observant reader must at once admit, and

SECOND PERIOD OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 19

yield to the theory that improvement from a defective organization
to almost perfection in the development of their qualities in nearly
all kinds of domestic animals, is measurably within the power of
an intelligent breeder, who, by a sort of intuition, or through a long
course of study and observation, is also a physiologist. Without
such admission—that is to say—the capability of improvement by
careful breeding, food and treatment of an inferior creature through
a course of successive generations in its offspring into a superior one,
all discussion of the subject is worthless.

The reader will observe that our first field of observation, for a
time, will relate solely to the counties of England comprising the
ancient Northumbria, once ravaged and occupied by the Danes.
Let us start fair. We cannot, as we pass, well quote, in particular,
all the several authorities from which we draw our earlier Short-horn
history; for many of them are so fragmentary in their accounts that
no continuous narrative in time or place can be made from either
one alone. The principal sources from which we date our several
items of history will be hereafter acknowledged.

A hundred and forty years ago, or about the year 1730, there was
a tradition floating among the Short-horn breeders living in the coun-
ties of York and Durham, near the river Tees, that a breed of cattle
had, many centuries back, existed within their borders—chiefly in
Holderness, a district of Yorkshire—much resembling in size, shape
and color, many of the cattle of Denmark, Holstein and north-
western Europe, at that day. At what particular time they were first
found in England, or who imported them, was unknown. ‘They
were of extraordinary size; had coarse heads, with short, stubbed
horns; heavy necks; high, coarse shoulders; flat sides, the chine
falling back of the shoulders; the hips wide; the rumps long; the
thighs thick, and cloddy. Yet with all these undesirable points
which rendered them large feeders, and late to mature, they took on
flesh rapidly, and fattened into heavy carcasses. ‘Their flesh, how-
ever, was coarse-grained, dark in color, and less savory to the taste
than that of smaller breeds. Their colors were light dun, or yellow
red, deep red, pure white, red and white in patches, roan mixed of
both red and white, and no uniformity in the laying on of either one
of those colors, or their admixtures, the colors prevailing, as acci-
dent might govern. The cows were large milkers, yielding quantities,
with generous feed, beyond any others yet known. ‘There can be
little doubt that these animals were the direct descendants from the
cattle brought over from Denmark previous to the conquest. Some

20 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

of that race of cattle existed in Holderness within the memories of
men yet living, and we, ourself, nearly fifty years ago, saw several
animals of a direct importation into this country from that district
in Yorkshire, which were akin to the description above given.

But, to put at rest, so far as an illustration of art can do it, the
question of the early existence of the Short-horn race in England,
we extract a bit of history recorded in the eighth volume of our own
Short-horn Herd Book:

“Tt will be recollected that in Vol. 2, p. 55, in narrating the ancient
lineage of the Short-horns, a sculptured cow on the wall of one of
the towers of the great. Cathedral in Durham, is mentioned. The
sculpture is that of a cow and two milkmaids, chiseled in light cream-
colored stone, of nearly life size, from living models, and set up in a
broad niche of one of the towers of the Cathedral. The sketch
from which the engraving is cut, was taken at our request by Mr.
John R. Page, of Sennett, Cayuga county, N. Y., when on a visit
there in September, 1867. As to the reason for a statue of the cow
and milkmaids occupying such a singular place, the following extract
from a letter to us from Mr. A. B. Allen, in August, 1867, will explain.
He was a few weeks in advance of Mr. Page in his visit, and was not
aware at the time that the latter had crossed the Atlantic:

“ T arrived at Durham, last evening, and have spent the whole
forenoon of to-day, in and about the Cathedral. It is a magnificent
old stone pile, and including the Lady Chapel, extending from its
west end, is upwards.of five hundred feet long and two hundred feet
broad. It stands on an open place of several acres, the leveled top
of a rocky hill, nearly encircled at its base by the river Wear. The
building thus shows to great advantage; and, from its elevated site,
you have extensive views on either side of the surrounding pictur-
esque country. The quaint old city les chiefly in the valley, a few
only of its streets climbing up towards the Cathedral, and a large
ancient castle—now converted to a University—also crowning the
cliffs on the same plateau, several hundred feet north of it.

“ The statue of the cow you desired me to inquire about when I
left New York, occupies a broad arched niche in the north-east tower
of the Cathedral, twenty feet or more above the level of the surround-
ing church-yard. The cow is an unmistakable Short-horn all over,
the legs excepted, which the learned librarian of the Cathedral, the
Rev. James Raine, informed me, were chiseled wznaturally coarse, by
fault alone of the sculptor; otherwise it is a tolerable representation
of a good animal. The two attendant milkmaids in the group are

SECOND PERIOD OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

quite characteristic.

21

The style of the cow is that of long-gone years,
when the Short-horns were less refined than now.

She is represented

in moderate condition, with full udder and large milk veins, just as
one would appear when yielding a full flow of milk. The present
statue is comparatively modern, being a copy of the original, which
was taken down and too much broken to be replaced when the tower
was repaired, between the years 1790 and 1800, as near as I could

ascertain.

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The Cathedral was finished about the year 1300, when
the original design was probably sculptured and set.

The figures, it

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will be observed, are altogether disproportioned, the maids being too
high and the cow too low in stature.

of the cow have been mutilated, a part of the tail and two of the

teats broken off.

It will also be seen that parts

22 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“ Tn regard to the curious old monkish legend, of finding a peace-
ful rest here at last for the bones of St. Cuthbert, the patron Saint of
Durham Cathedral, it is of such length, and so variously told, that it
would exhaust your patience to follow it up in all its twistings and
turnings. I will therefore give you the substance of it, condensed
from what I am informed is the most reliable account :

“ Know, then, that the mighty St. Cuthbert, famed for royal de-
scent, and many and great virtues, died so long ago as the 2oth of
the calend of March, Anno Domini, 687, and was buried in Holy
Island, a meet place indeed for so worthy and sanctified a man.
Here his body rested in peace for the space of two centuries, when
Bishop Eardulphus, and the Abbot Eadred, fearing that it would be
disturbed in the terrible devastations which the Danes and other
ruthless pagans began to commit in the neighborhood, exhumed the
remains, and carried them, for re-interment, to Cuneagestre, sit-
uated a few miles from Dunholme, (now Durham,) where they
remained one hundred and thirteen years, till the dreadful pagan war
had nearly ended. Bishop Aldwinus then removed the holy body of
St. Cuthbert to Ripon, in Yorkshire, to lay it by the side of another
famous holy body, namely, that of St. Winfred, who was buried in
the renowned Cathedral of that place. But after four months from
this time, the Danish forays having entirely ceased, it was determined
to carry St. Cuthbert back to Cuneagestre, and re-inter him where he
had remained so peacefully before for upwards of a century. In
bearing him thither, all at once, at a place called Wardenlawe, Bishop
Aldwinus and his monks were stayed in their progress, and with all
their force could not remove the body any farther, for it seemed fas-
tened to the ground. At this strange and unforeseen accident, they
were greatly astonished, and their hearts deeply exercised; where-
upon they fasted and prayed three whole days with great devotion,
to know by revelation from God, what to do with the holy body. At
the end of this time it was revealed to Eadmer, one of the most
virtuous of the monkish brotherhood, that St. Cuthbert should be
carried to Dunholme, where he was to be received as his final resting
place. But now came the great difficulty, for not one of the monks
knew where Dunholme lay. Yet trusting to Providence to indicate
it to them in some way, they took up the body again, and with con-
fiding hearts proceeded on their journey. Presently they overheard
a woman calling to another whom she met, that her cow had strayed
away and was lost, and asked if she had seen her. ‘Yes,’ was the
reply, ‘just beyond, in Dunholme.’ This was a happy and heavenly

WHEN THE IMPROVEMENT BEGAN. 23

sound to the distressed Bishop Aldwinus and his brethren, who
thereby had intelligence that their journey’s end was at hand.
Being guided thither by these women, they at once constructed a
little church of wands and branches, wherein to lay their Saint till a
larger and more solid building could be raised to enshrine him. This
was soon done by the erection of a Cathedral of moderate size, which
in the year 1093 was taken down, and the corner-stone of the present
magnificent Durham Cathedral was then laid. After being finished,
in gratitude to the milkmaids and cow, by whose means the final rest-
ing place for the holy body of St. Cuthbert had been found, their
statues were placed in a conspicuous niche of the north-east tower,
where it is to be hoped they will be allowed to remain as long as this
mighty fane shall stand, whose foundations, in accordance with the
instructions to us of scripture, have been laid upon a rock. ”

It is unnecessary to say more of the early establishment of the
ancestors of the present Short-horn race in the north-eastern counties
(Northumbria) of England, for some centuries occupied by the Danes
before the conquest.

WHEN BEGAN THE IMPROVEMENT IN SHORT-HORNS.

It has been asserted by some English cattle writers that it was
early after the year 1700 that the improvement of their cattle was
begun by the breeders, and that such improvement was aided by the
importation of a bull or bulls from Holland. This assertion, how-
ever, is merely a conjecture. No official record of the introduction
of any such bull or bulls has been found; and as no evidence of
any such occurrence being even probable has been authentically
recorded by revenue officials along the eastern coast of England in
the counties where such importation would have been made, if at all,
in a search extending near a century back of 1750, the conjecture or
supposition of the introduction of the Dutch bulls may be not only
doubted, but denied.* Indeed, no fostt’ve instance of any such im-
portation is asserted by the cattle historians of that day, and the
evidence of such being the fact was only hearsay. Aside from this
negative testimony to the contrary, a statute of Parliament enacted
in the eighteenth year of Charles II. (1666), positively forbade the
importation of cattle from abroad into England, and that statute was
strictly enforced until the year 18o1, a time fifty years or more sub-
sequent to the pretended importation of any bulls or cows from
Holland. We might, from documents now before us, go into a

* “ Vouatt’s Cattle ’’—American Edition—Article Short-horns.

24. HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

labored statement of the fro and con assertions relating to such im-
portations; but as nothing positive, beyond tradition, conjecture,
hearsay, or supposition has been advanced to establish the fact of
such importation, and the act of Parliament and the Custom records
positively deny it, further remark is unnecessary.

To account for so many Short-horns being white in color, some of
the cattle writers have asserted that this feature came from the wild
white cattle in the parks of Chillingham in Northumberland, and
Craven in Yorkshire, which had, almost from time immemorial, run
in enclosures there, wild and untamable, as buffaloes. Aside from
a likeness in color, these wild cattle had hardly a feature in common
with the Short-horns. ‘They were high-horned, black-nosed, light of
body, long of limb, altogether opposite to the others. ‘The supposi-
tion that the zw/zte color in the Short-horns was derived from the
wild race is but pretension. On the contrary, there were, and still
are, white cattle in Denmark. It is, and has ever been, a legitimate
color in the Short-horn race.

Another fact may be asserted, even admitting that either the Dutch
or the wild blood had been crossed into the original Danish blood,
the period at which it took place was so long anterior to the time of
the writers who claimed it, that even then scarcely a hundredth part
of those bloods could be traced into the good Short-horn cattle of
their day, and so infinitesimally small could it be now, that fractions
can hardly compute it.

Thus, the claim of the Dutch blood, and the origin of the white
color of the wild cattle in the Short-horns, by these writers, may
be dismissed as apocryphal. So late as the year 1780, more
than ninety years ago, as related on good authority, a tradition
was then current among the cattle breeders of Durham and York-
shire, that for two hundred years previous, running back to 1580,
there had existed a race of superior Short-horns on the Yorkshire
estates of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland,* one of the
most ancient families among the nobles of England. Their family
name was Percy, and the Barony of Percy was founded in the year
1299. The family through its successive Barons, Earls and Dukes,
was rich, powerful, and influential. Located near the Scottish bor-
der, and subjected to the wild raids of the northern clansmen, they

* Mr. A, B, Allen, in the year 1841, soon after his return from England, where he had spent
some weeks in the Short-horn districts, informed us that in Durham an ancient record remains,
showing that these cattle, in great excellence, existed four hundred years ago, say in 1440; but
what the standard of excellence in that remote day was, is now difficult to know.

WHEN THE IMPROVEMENT BEGAN. 25

were brave by instinct, warlike by necessity, enterprising by educa-
tion, rich by inheritance. Their estates were vast, and to their ear-
lier grants from the Crown, they added largely both by purchase and
marriage. They had the means to apply the agricultural improvements
of the generations through which they had passed, and no doubt
many of the heads of the family had the sagacity to adopt them.
Among those improvements none were more probable, as theirs was
eminently a grazing country, than that their attention had been turned
to their neat cattle. In the earlier part of the eighteenth century the
title of Earl of Northumberland became extinct by the death of the
last male heir of the Percy family.. The “proud Duke of Somerset,”
as history records him, had married the daughter then representing
the Northumberland title and estates.* The issue of the marriage
was only a daughter, and she a Percy on the side of her mother.
This daughter married Sir Hugh Smithson, and having children,
Sir Hugh, in the year 1766, was raised to the peerage, with the title
of Duke of Northumberland. “So fond was he of his Short-horns
that his peers quizzingly dubbed him ‘the Yorkshire grazier.’ He
was in the habit of weighing his cattle, and the food they ate, so as
to ascertain the improvement they made for the food consumed.”
Sir Hugh’s active life was about midway and later in the years of
the eighteenth century.

A hundred years earlier than the time of Sir Hugh, there existed
fine stocks of Short-horn cattle in Durham and Yorkshire. “The
Aislabies, residents of Studley Park, had very fine cattle in the seven-
teenth century.t The Blacketts, of Newby Hall, in Northumberland,

* An anecdote is thus related of the ‘“‘proud Duke”: His Percy wife dying early, he was
again married to a lady of less rank in the peerage. The Duke being one day closely engaged in
his room, looking over some important papers, his wife stepped softly up behind and tapped him
familiarly on the shoulder. He suddenly turned around and with a severe expression exclaimed,
““ Madam, your familiarity is altogether inopportune. Recollect that my 77st wife was a Percy !”

+ In a letter to us from our brother, the late Richard L. Allen, of New York, (a warm admirer
of Short-horn cattle,) when in Yorkshire, Eng., August, 1869, he writes of a visit to Studley:

‘“T spent a few hours at Studley Park, attracted thither by the ruins of Fountain’s Abbey. Its
graceful, undulating and massive old trees ; one section of long, natural and now decaying oaks,
of great circumference, and low but wide-spreading tops; another of immense beeches, which
are of a different species from ours, tall and very wide-spread, and with drooping branches, which
sometimes lie on the ground, fifty feet distant from the trunk; and then a stately chestnut in full
bloom; double rows of the lime and elm, almost as fine as the beeches, and many firs of stalwart
size, give to the park a great attraction. * * * * * * *

““T asked the guide if there was any herdsman who could tell me about the cattle, and he said
there was none. I presume the interest in the Short-horns on the estate died with Mr. Aislabie.
His father was originally a private country gentleman, who became Lord Chancellor, and inher-
ited the estate from the Mallorys, who owned it through several generations, his mother being
the last heir. His son, William, who was in Parliament sixty years, was the great improver of

26 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

paid great attention to Short-horn cattle at the same time with the
Aislabies. Portraits of these animals were occasionally taken and
hung up to adorn the entrance of the hall; but when the noble resi-
dence passed out of their hands those pictures were sold. We should
hope that they yet exist in some old curiosity shop, and if so, and
can be found, we shall then have a definite idea of what ove family
of ancient Short-horns were.” *

There can be no question, as our following narrative will show,
that many valuable Short-horns, descended from and largely im-
proved in appearance and quality over the ancient race, then existed
in those counties, and were distributed in the hands of many differ-
ent breeders. ‘To what degrees of excellence they had then attained
we do not know, nor do we know but a portion of the names of those
several breeders; but at a later day, when their cattle had assumed
a consequence and celebrity sufficient to attract the attention of
agricultural writers a hundred years ago, they were chronicled in
the books and agricultural surveys of their neighborhoods as of
extraordinary value, and remarkable specimens of their race. The
cows were described as large milkers, and the bullocks as attaining
a great weight of carcass, and extraordinary productions of tallow.

Aside from the herds on the Yorkshire, Durham and Northumber-
land estates, we have a few names, of the then conspicuous Short-horn
breeders in the earlier part, or before the middle of the eighteenth
century, (1750.) Among them are Mr. Milbank, of Barningham, Sir
William St. Quintin, of Scampston, Sir James Pennyman, of York-
shire, and others of less noble rank, showing that the attention of
some of the most respectable landholders was alive to the improve-
ment of their cattle. It is recorded that Mr. Milbank bred and fed
a five year old ox which, when slaughtered, the four quarters weighed
2104 pounds, the tallow 224 pounds, and the hide 151 pounds. Also,

the grounds and estate, and I presume was the one who did so much for the Short-horns. On
his death the property went to his co-heir and relative, Mrs. Allanson, and on her death, in 1803,
to her niece, Mrs. Lawrence, and on her death, in 1854, to the present Earl De Grey, now a mem-
ber of Gladstone’s Cabinet, who, although a man of mark in his way, I suspect cares very little
for country life or the improvement of his estate, as he resides on it but seldom, and his neighbors
have little to say of him in this respect, as they had of the Aislabies and their lady successors.”

The above mentioned Earl De Grey was one of the late ‘t Joint High Commission,’”’ who nego-
tiated the treaty between the United States and England at Washington, in the year 1871.

It is to be regretted that the descendants of the once noble Short-horns which ranged over that
lordly domain, should not still occupy the ground of their progenitors, which they long ago graced
in their picturesque colors and comely proportions. A poetic charm still hangs about the atmos-
phere of Studley, coupled with the once aristocratic presence of its Short-horns.—L. F. A.

* A, B, Allen, in American Agriculturist, A. D, 1841.

PROGRESS OF IMPROVEMENT. 27

a cow from Mr. Milbank’s stock, afterwards belonging to Mr. Sharter,
of Chilton, which, when slaughtered, at twelve years old, having pro-
duced several calves, her quarters weighed 1540 pounds. She was
daughter to the celebrated “Studley bull” (626), he being calved in
the year 1737.

This brings us forward to a period at which some intelligent ink-
ling is had of the existence of Short-horn cattle in the hands of
known breeders, and of an excellence in style, weight and quality
commanding the attention of agricultural historians, and at about
what date the £vzowm ancestors of our later Short-horn tribes, or fam-
ilies can, with a considerable degree of certainty, trace their lineage.
It is possible that some errors, both of fact and inference, may have
crept into the various accounts in those early days of Short-horn
breeding; but we have sufficient evidence of the antiquity of the
race, and the lines in which they had descended, down to the year
1750. Soon after that time records began to be kept of their lineage,
as purity of blood was considered of vital consequence.

The colors of the cattle in those days were red, of different shades,
red and white, pure white, frequently white on the body with roan
necks and heads, and roan of red and white intermixed over the
body, or in patches, with either more of the white or of the red pre-
vailing, as now. What was their exact quality, style or symmetry, as
compared with the choice Short-horns of the present time, it is diffi-
cult to say, as we have no accurate portraits of them; but that they
combined the main points of excellence belonging to the race as now
recognized, and in which still higher improvements over them have
been made in the cattle of later years, we can have little doubt.

Thus, we have seen the Short-horns from the ancient race existing
in Northumbria anterior to its conquest by Wiliam of Normandy—
otherwise the Conqueror—within a few years after his landing at
Hastings in the year 1066, brought down through a series of seven
hundred years, steadily improving, with the progress of the English
people in their agricultural advancement into a condition of excel-
lence then unequaled, probably, by any contemporary race of cattle
in the British islands or the neighboring continent, and that excellence
attained through their own blood alone, uncontaminated by any
foreign element, or if occasionally so, to such small degree as to be
unrecognized in the predominating merits of the original race.

28 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

@ PiAGE i Eel

THE EARLY BREEDERS—DATES AND NAMES OF NOTED
ANIMALS.

ARRIVING at a point of time about the year 1750, or a little later,
we find the Short-horns a recognized breed, and that great pains had
been taken with their cultivation by intelligent landholders, as well
as a dissemination of their blood into the hands of enterprising tenant
farmers. Such we learn from the records of agricultural writers
through the later years of the last century, and the earlier ones of
the present. We now proceed to a broader field of operation, and a
more intimate discussion of their merits in the possession of breed-
ers, by zame, as well as of noted animals, then individually known
and recorded.

The field of operation is still the ancient Northumbria, the most
active movements are within the counties of York and Durham, in
and about the valley of the Tees. From the years 1730 to 1780,
many eminent breeders are named, and among them, besides those
already mentioned, are Sharter, Pickering, Stephenson, Wetherell,
Maynard, Dobison, Charge, Wright, Hutchinson, Robson, Snowdon,
Waistell, Richard and William Barker, Brown, Hall, Hill, Best, Wat-
son, Baker, Thompson, Jackson, Smith, Jolly, Masterman, Wallace,
Robertson, and some others. ‘These names we find as breeders of
the earliest cattle whose names and pedigrees are recorded in the
first volume of the English Herd Book. It may be well to know
that as this Herd Book was not published until the year 1822, (some
thirty to forty years after many of the names we have mentioned had
left the stage of active life,) tradition, and the memory of men then
living, as well as written records of their predecessors, were the
authorities on which the lineage of the earlier animals were admitted
to its pages.

Confining the present relation to a period anterior to the year 1780,
the earliest named animal on record is “Studley bull” (626), “red
and white, bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton.” This is all the Herd
Book says of him. He was calved in 1737, and of the Barningham

STEDLEY BULL: 29

(Milbank) stock, which came from Studley, in Yorkshire, where they
had existed for many years. He is described, by one who often saw
him, as having possessed wonderful girth, and depth of fore quarters,
very short legs, a neat frame, and light offal. He was the grandsire of
Dalton Duke (188). This latter bull was bred by Mr. Charge, and
sold by him at the then high price of fifty guineas, to Messrs. May-
nard and Wetherell, in whose possession he served cows at half a
guinea each. From Studley bull came “ Lakeland’s bull,” which was
the sire of William Barker’s bull (51), which was the sire of Richard
Barker’s bull (52), both noted as the sires of many of the best early
Short-horns of their day. Studley bull was also sire of the cow
Tripes, bred by Mr. Pickering. The dam of Tripes was bred by
Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in the year 1739. From her originated
Mr. S.’s Princess tribe.

It may be noted here that in the earlier recorded pedigrees—notes
or memoranda, rather—only one or two crosses are given, with the
name of the sire only, and but rarely the name of a dam given at all.
In many other instances the name only of the recorded bull is given,
without any allusion to breeder, owner, sire or dam; simply recog-
nizing him as a Short-horn, from which other recorded animals are
descended.

To “Studley bull” can be traced a larger number of the early
recorded Short-horns than to any other one of which we have a par-
ticular knowledge. His blood was well known, and popular, and
being of the Milbank stock, was probably as pure in descent as any
then in existence. He may be termed one of the principal progen-
itors of the Short-horn race, as they stand recorded in the Herd
Book from its first volume down to the present, although not the only
one, as numerous others, no doubt, existed contemporary with him,
sires to many noted tribes of a later day. We speak of him only as
more is known of him than of them, he having a Herd Book record,
and they not.

Another noted bull may be named into whose blood probably more
of the later pedigrees can be traced to, and ending in him, than to any
other, viz.: James Brown’s red bull (97). The date of his birth is
not recorded, but it was probably between 1765 and 1770. He was
bred by John Thompson, of Girlington Hall, and got by William
Barker’s bull (51), which is all the Herd Book says of him. On the
side of his sire, he was a great grandson of Studley bull. His dam
is not named, and we have no record of his blood on her side.
Indeed, there seems to have been but little care taken in those days

30 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

to give the names of dams if they had names at all. We are to pre-
sume, however, that they were pure Short-horns, as there is no prob-
ability of bulls being recorded by the discriminating breeders of the
time unless their lineage, as well as forms, was of the best standard;
therefore the purity of their blood may remain unquestioned.

From all the accounts we have been able to gather, the cows of
that day were good milkers, and capable, when retired from breeding,
and the dairy, of yielding heavy carcasses of beef. These qualities
were, of course, imparted to their descendants, and perpetuated as
we find many of them at the present day.

We note many bulls in the first volume of the English Herd Book
that lived anterior to the year 1780, but aside from their names and
that of a sire, and sometimes a grandsire, little or nothing seems
to have been recorded of their ancestry, and nothing beyond can
now be known of them. Among these, in addition to those already
named, are Alcock’s (Ralph) bull (19), Allison’s gray bull (26), Bartle
(63), J. Brown’s white bull (98), Dalton Duke (188), Danby (190),
Davison’s bull (192), Dobson’s bull (218), Harrison’s bull (292) [his
record only says, “bred by Mr. Waistell;” the late Mr. Thomas
Bates, in a private note to the record of Harrison’s bull, states that
he was got by Studley bull (626), dam Mr. Waistell’s cow Barforth],
Hill’s red bull (310), Hollon’s bull (313), Hubback (319) [of which
more hereafter], Jolly’s bull (337) [nothing but his name is recorded],
Kitt (357) [nothing but his name is recorded], Ladykirk (355),
Manfield (404), Masterman’s bull (422) [got by Studley bull], Pad-
dock’s bull (477), Robson’s (William) bull (538), Signior (588), Sir
James Pennyman’s bull (601), Smith’s (Jacob) bull (608), Smith’s (T.)
bull (609), Snowdon’s bull (612) [sire of Hubback (319)], Studley
White bull (627) [got by Studley bull (626)], Waistell’s bull (669)
[the same as Robson’s bull (558)], Walker’s bull (670) [the same as
Masterman’s bull (422)].

The above named, of the 710 recorded bulls in Vol. 1, E. H. B.,
are all, probably, as near as can be ascertained (of record), that
lived previous to, or about the year 1780, and a few years afterwards,
and probably a great majority of the pedigrees of the present time,
if their lineage could be traced, might run back into the blood of
one, or the other, or several of them.

Of the cows, contemporary with the bulls we have named, few, if
any, are recorded in either the first, or subsequent volumes. We
can, therefore, only infer that the cows were equally as well and
carefully bred as the bulls. Cattle fairs, (not sows, as'our modern

DWE COLEING BROTHERS. 31

exhibitions are improperly called fazrs,) where beasts were taken
to market for sale, were then common in England, as now, and prob-
ably many well-bred cows and heifers were brought there by their
breeders, and owners, and the breeders of choice cattle bought
them, when their blood and quality were considered worthy of such
use, and bred to their choice bulls. From such market cows descended
the more immediate ancestors of many celebrated Short-horns since.
It is no disparagement to those nameless cows that such is the fact,
as very few pedigrees can now be traced by zame, on the female side,
beyond the year 1780, and but comparatively few, among a great
majority of them, beyond the year 1800.

To show what was the general character of the Short-horns of the
time above written, we quote Bailey, who made an agricultural sur-
vey of Durham, and wrote in the year 1810: “The cattle on both
sides of the Tees have been known by the appellation of the Tees-
water breed. About 1740, their color was red and white, and white,
with a little red about the neck, or roan.” In “Thornton’s Circular,”
of January, 1869, published in London, in an account of “ Ancient
Short-horns,” the writer remarks: “Mr. John Wright, born at Low-
fields, near Catterick, in 1784, a well-known judge, and who was
originally proposed as the author of the Herd Book, says, that his
earliest recollections of the Short-horns were large, massive, expan-
sive cows, with great width and substance, hardy constitutions, mostly
red and white spotted, white bodies, necks spotted with red or roan,
ears red and head white, frequently black noses, and rather long,
waxy horns.” Although these recollections may run down near or
quite to the year 1800, it is probable that they give the features
generally prevailing among the Short-horns of the time.

Although we might give further accounts from different sources—
meager, however, at the best—of the Short-horns as they existed
anterior to, or about the period of 1780, it is hardly worth while to
cumber our pages with simply collateral testimony, (for that is all
there would be of it,) and we proceed to a new era in. their history,
from which we are able to gather decided particulars of fact, irre-
spective of tradition, or common rumor.

THE SHORT-HORNS AT AND AFTER THE YEAR 1780—ROBERT
AND CHARLES COLLING.

The reason why, in our previous remarks, we have made, and now
again make, a point of the year 1780, or thereabouts, is, that near
that period an era commenced by the action of a new class of men,

32 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

or rather by a more intelligent appreciation of the value of Short-
horns by those interested in their propagation.

This change of sentiment and action was partially introduced by
two young men, brothers, just beginning active business life on their
own account, Robert and Charles Colling. They were sons of a
substantial farmer living in the valley of the Tees, who had many
years been a Short-horn cattle breeder. He brought up his sons in
his own pursuit, and no doubt aided them with an outfit, for it
appears that they were each enabled to occupy a good farm in the
year 1783, not a far distance apart, stock it with the necessary appli-
ances, and commence in a spirited way the breeding of Short-horns.
That they were intelligent, sagacious, enterprising, there can be little
doubt, as their subsequent career was altogether successful.

In writing what follows, and saying much of the operations of the
Colling brothers, it is not that we feel any partiality for them over
other breeders of their time, but because more historical matter has
been given relating to them and their proceedings than of other
breeders contemporary with them, and further, that their course of
breeding has been more freely commented upon during and since
the time they were on the stage of action. It has been asserted that
they were the chief and real zmprovers of the Short-horn race, and to
them has been ascribed the great merit and glory of raising them
from an obscure breed in a narrow locality, into the peerless excel-
lence and popularity they have since enjoyed wherever they have
obtained a foothold, and proved successful in their breeding. We
say such has been asserted—sometimes by those who know nothing
about it, other than by information through partial publications of
incidents in the Collings’ career, and sometimes by others who had a
particular partiality for them through the stock descended from their
herds; and the assertion has been as strongly denied by others.
This question of their improvement of the Short-horns will be dis-
cussed hereafter.

We propose to state all the facts which have come within our
knowledge relating to the Collings in their course of cattle breeding,
and the results which have followed it. From such facts the reader
may draw his own conclusions of their correctness, or otherwise.
The results determined by the extended practice in breeding by the
Collings have been too long discussed, both in England and the
United States, by those who have considered themselves masters in
the studies of natural history and physiology, to set up our own judg-
ment in decision, either one way or the other. We have opinions,

THE COLLING BROTHERS. 33

however, and may give them at a proper time as different subjects of
discussion may arise, but knowing that different opinions may be as
honestly held, and as freely discussed as our own, we do not choose
to bias the judgment of others, or rule their conclusions. We aim to
write /zstory, and nothing else, in what relates to Short-horn progress
and improvement.

Robert Colling, the elder brother, settled on a farm at Barmpton,
and Charles, the younger, on another farm at Ketton, which latter
one had been for many previous years occupied by their father, within
a short distance of the Tees, and but a short way apart from each
other, in the neighborhood of Darlington. Practical farming among
the higher classes of nobility had become respectable. His Majesty,
the third George, the first of the Guelph dynasty born in England,
had become much interested in the cultivation of his royal acres at
Windsor. He was a stock breeder too, as well asafarmer. Although
intractable and pertinacious, as were his Guelph progenitors, in affairs
of state, he was a sober prince, fond of country life, and a lover of
fine farm stock. Placable in domestic life, with his cousin-German
Queen, quite as domestic as himself, and their large family of chil-
dren, he spent much of his time at the palace of Windsor, supervising
and directing his farm. In his various attentions to stock breeding
His Majesty had made the acquaintance of the celebrated Robert
Bakewell, a stock raiser and farmer in Leicestershire, who had acquired
a wide reputation in breeding up the “Long-horned” cattle of his
district into an excellence of quality hitherto unknown. Bakewell
had also given a new variety of Jong-wooled sheep to the kingdom,
by a careful course of breeding from the rather scraggy-bodied, long-
wools then prevalent in his vicinity. To such excellence and popu-
larity had he raised these sheep that they afterwards assumed the
several names of New Leicester, Dishley, (the name of his farm,)
and Bakewell, as those who purchased from him and bred them chose
to call the zmproved variety.

Bakewell was born in the year 1726, and died in 1795. He had
pursued his vocation as a breeder long and successfully, became
wealthy, was a man of large hospitality—for a farmer of those days—
received many visits from noblemen of rank, who sought his advice
in improving their farm stock, and among others George the Third
had made him visits on the same errand, consulting him freely, and
buying of his stock. Bakewell’s system of breeding was his own,
widely different from the usual practice of the English stock breeders
of his day, and with him entirely original, as then considered. He

3

34 HISDORY OF LH E SHOR T-1OR NS:

was a good animal physiologist. He cut up and dissected various
carcasses of his sheep and cattle, examined their flesh, bones and
sinews, put them in pickle, and afterwards hung them up in his lab-
oratory for further observation. He was a profound master of his
business, and perhaps the originator of a new system of breeding by
which, in his own hands, his success was triumphantly acknowledged
over any other stock breeder of his time. It is probable that to his
efforts and example England at this day owes her unrivaled breed of
long-wooled sheep. His selection of the breed of cattle on which to
exercise his skill was not so happy. Although of an ancient race,
they were not generally popular with the farmers in and beyond the
counties immediately surrounding Leicestershire; yet he raised them
to a capacity for acquiring flesh never before equaled. Although
now existing, and of excellent quality in limited herds—perhaps
quite equal to those which Bakewell improved—the Long-horns have
not attained wide popularity as a race.

Bakewell also bred the common cart or dray horse of England
into enormous size and symmetry, which they hold to the present
time; and all by one persistent course of breeding, good food, and
watchful care. His system with all these animals was, first to select,
wherever he could find them, and of the best blood, those as near a
proper form for the purposes he needed as was possible, and then by
breeding them to their own family blood alone, only going out of it
for other selections when he could find a better, which was seldom,
until he brought them to the points of excellence in form and quality
that he wanted. This was “in-and-in breeding;” and although not
concurred in by the common sentiment of humanity, so far as its own
race is concerned, Bakewell and others who have since followed his
example most closely, have decided, indeed proved, that wnder proper
selections of the animals so paired together, the practice has resulted
in the highest success. Such was Bakewell’s practice. He may be
said to have zutroduced the modern system of zmproved stock breed-
ing—whatever may have been known to the ancients, and since lost—
and as such improver, his name will go down to posterity with grati-
tude and honor.

The young Collings were sagacious men, Charles the more active
and enterprising, although Robert was equally sound in judgment as
a breeder; and they were admirably fitted to work in unison so far
as their views in breeding were concerned. Forecasting, as well as
thoughtful in laying their plans for future action, they had heard of
Bakewell and his improvements—for he had been at work thirty

THE COLLING BROTHERS. 35

years before the Collings began—his fame was abroad through the
chief stock-breeding counties of England, and had long before
reached the precincts of the Tees. At the outset of the brothers’
career in breeding, they paid Bakewell repeated visits, closely exam-
ined his stock, saw the improvements he had made in them over
the faulty originals from which he had reared them, and took many
shrewd lessons in his manner of proceeding. They bought improved
sheep of him, divided them with each other, and followed his prac-
tice in breeding them. ‘The system adopted by Bakewell the Collings
determined to pursue with their Short-horns, which they had now
selected for their own breeding.

About the year 1780—perhaps a year or two earlier, or later, for
we have not the exact date of their beginning—the Collings became
stock breeders before settling at Barmpton and Ketton. “The best
specimens of Short-horns of that time, generally, were wide-backed,
well-framed cows, deep in their fore quarters, soft and mellow in
their hair and ‘handling,’ and possessing, with average milking qual-
ities, a remarkable disposition to fatten. ‘Their horns were rather
longer than those of their descendants of the present day, and widen-
ing upwards. The faults were those of an undue prominence of the
hip and shoulder joints, a want of length in the hind quarters, of
width in the floor of the chest, of fullness generally before and behind
the shoulders, as well as upon the shoulder itself. They had a
somewhat disproportionate abdomen [large bellies], too long in the
legs, and a want of substance, indicative of delicacy in the hide.
They failed also in the essential requisite of taking on their flesh
evenly and firmly over the whole frame, which frequently gave them
an unlevel appearance. There was, moreover, a general want of
compactness in their conformation.”* Of such material, mainly—
although some of the Tees breeders had cattle with more of the
good qualities, and less faulty than others—the Collings found the
Teeswater, or Short-horn cattle, when they began their course as
breeders. It is evident that the animals needed improvement, and
that of a radical kind.

We have already recited the weights of some of the cattle anterior
to the Collings. From them we know that they could be fed to an
extraordinary weight, whatever the precisé quality of their flesh
might prove, or the amount of offal they threw off. Culley, after
many years earlier Short-horn experience and observation, writing

* Mr. Carr, of Stackhouse, in his history of the Booth Short-horns.

36 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

in the year 1803, says: “The great obstacle to improvement was
that no bull should be used to the same stock more than three years;
if kept longer the breed would be too near akin, and produce tender,
diminutive stock, liable to disorders.” Bakewell, however, had upset
all this nonsense by persistently breeding in-and-in his own cattle and
sheep through all possible degrees of consanguinity, and the Collings
adopting his theory at the outset, determined to put Bakewell’s course
into practice.

Here, then, were the two young breeders—Robert about the age
of thirty, living a bachelor, and Charles a year or two younger, and
married—settled in their vocation in the very home of the Short-
horns, surrounded by a wide neighborhood of veteran breeders, life-
long engaged in the business, in which their capital, pride and ambition
were all enlisted. From the herds of those breeders the Collings

‘could select at pleasure, without a heavy drainage on their purses, for

prices in fine cattle had not yet taken a fancy altitude in that locality.
The depression of agricultural values then caused by the late French
and American wars had reduced them to their minimum. A pleas-
ant time the young men must have had in ranging over the country,
examining the herds and selecting their stock, with ample means in
their pockets to command the best of them, and embark in a business
so full of interest, expectation and profit. Educated to the pursuit
by a shrewd, managing father, though possessing the same notions in
breeding as were held by his neighbors, the sons had the sagacity
to believe that improvement was within their reach, and their visits
to Bakewell had confirmed it. What were the earliest purchases
they made, who from, or the names of the cattle, history has given
no record.

Robert and Charles were at first in partnership, but separated when
going to their separate farms at Barmpton and Ketton, which took
place some time about the year 1783. Still, they bred more or less in
conjunction, frequently using the same bulls, alternating as they either
chose, or agreed, but each having his own cows, and they drawn
from the different herds around them.

HUBBACK.

Having early begun their course of breeding by obtaining several
good cows, we now introduce another distinguished animal into the
Colling herds, whose blood, coursing through the descendants of
those cows and others in their hands, constituted an era in the Short-
horn breeding of that day. This was no less than the famous bull

HUBBACK. 37

Huppack, in the hands of Mr. Waistell, of Ali-hill, and Robert Col-
ling, about whose history there has been more controversy, guess-
work, inference, and error, probably, than in that of any early
Short-horn bull whatever; and for a part of this error the world is
indebted to the Rev. Henry Berry, who wrote the brief Short-horn
history in Youatt’s “British Cattle,” in the year 1834, and, as we
think, from interested motives of his own, being a Short-horn breeder
himself, and having an object in prejudicing the public against the
purity of Hubback’s blood. Of Mr. Berry and his history, more will
be said hereafter.

We haye investigated the subject of Hubback exhaustively, looked
through all the authorities and controversies relating to him, which it
would be tiresome and unprofitable to repeat at length, besides lead-
ing the reader into a labyrinth of statements and counter-statements,
out of which he might not arrive, after all, at a very accurate con-
clusion.* His pedigree in Vol. 1, E. H. B., is here given:

“(319.) Husspack.—Yellow red and white, calved in 1777, bred
by Mr. John Hunter of Hurworth, got by Snowdon’s bull (612), dam
from the stock of Sir James Pennyman, and these from the stock of
Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston.”

This is all there is of the pedigree proper, although appended to it
are references to the pedigree of Snowdon’s bull through his differ-
ent sires.

That Snowdon’s bull may be understood, his pedigree (all there is
of it) is recorded in E. H. B., Vol. 1, as follows:

“(612.) Snowdon’s bull (cite of Hubback), got by Wm. Robson’s
bull (558).”

All the pedigree which Robson’s bull has is, “got by James Mas-
terman’s bull (422),” and all that is said of Masterman’s bull is, “ got
by Studley bull (626).”

Accompanying the pedigree of Hubback is also a certificate, as
follows:

“T remember the cow which my father bred, that was the dam of
Hubback; there was no idea then that she had any mixed or Kyloe
blood in her. Much has been lately said, that she was descended
from a Kyloe; but I have no reason to believe, nor do I believe, that
she had any Kyloe blood in her. Joun HUNTER.

HuRWoRTH, NEAR DARLINGTON, Fetly 6, 1822.”
* For a full and exhaustive discussion of the question see ‘‘ Youatt’s Cattle,’’? American Edi-

tion; also its account of Hubback, by the American Editor, extracted and printed in Vol. 2,
American Short-horn Herd Book.

38 HISTORY O87 Dib SiH O REO RINS:

This certificate was made by the son of Hubback’s breeder, forty-
five years after the bull’s birth, and at the time he was recorded in
the Herd Book. Mr. Hunter’s recollection of the charge of Kyloe*
blood in the cow was probably quite distinct. He had undoubtedly
heard it talked over at the time when the bull’s merits were ascer-
tained and discussed, and from the very accurate description we have
of the cow, there is little probability that she was any other than a
pure Short-horn. At all events, the conceded merits attached to the
bull as a getter of superior stock, in none of which do we find a
cropping out of any other than Short-horn blood, (which would occa-
sionally have been the case had he much of the Kyloe in him,) we
may safely conclude that Hubback was as pure in blood as any other
Short-horn of his time.

On the sire’s side of Hubback all appears fair, and only on the
side of his dam were circulated, by some parties, a suspicion of
Kyloe, or Scotch blood in his veins, which seems to be fully set at
rest by the certificate of Mr. Hunter. A like innuendo was circulated
by others, that Dutch blood had crept into Hubback by the rumor
(without anything like froof, however), that Sir William St. Quintin
had, many years before, imported a bull or bulls, from Holland, and
crossed them into his cows to improve their quality, and which blood
had gone by descent into the stock of Sir James Pennyman. But,
as in a previous page has been conclusively shown, we think, that no
such Dutch importations had been made, these innuendoes, surmises
and charges, all fall to the ground.

The history of the cow—Hubback’s dam—is simply this: She
was bred by Mr. Stephenson, who had lived at Ketton before Charles
Colling’s day, and the ancestors of the cow had been in Mr. Stephen-
son’s possession for more than forty years, as he had long been a
Short-horn breeder of the Pennyman and Studley stock. She was a
small cow, of remarkably smooth and even qualities, and an excel-
lent feeder. She had fine hair, a bright look, was a good milker, as
were all the cows of her tribe, and no doubt imparted much of her
good quality to her son, Hubback. How so much controversy could
exist about her being of Ay/oe descent, and thus damaging the
integrity of Hubback—for it was only on fer side that his blood
could be assailed—-is only to be accounted for in the jealousies and
party spirit which was rife among the breeders of the time. The
very fact, admitted by all authorities, that Hubback’s begettings were

* The Kyloes are the ‘‘ West Highland”’ cattle of Scotland.—L. F. A.

HUBBACK. 39

of superior quality—although from poor cows they were inferior to
those of good ones—should be conclusive proof of his good descent,
for if he had bad blood in him, it would, to a certainty, crop out in
some of his progeny. Yet, aside from his meager pedigree, Hub-
back had a personal history—a plain, straightforward one, attested
by several different accounts, all agreeing in the main, and as such
we give it.

John Hunter, the breeder of Hubback; was a bricklayer, and
lived in Hurworth. He had once been a tenant farmer, and bred
Short-horn cattle, which, when leaving his farm to live in Hurworth,
he sold all off, excepting one choice little cow, which he took with
him, and as he had no pasture of his own for her to graze in, she
run in the Janes of the town. While there she was put to George
“Snowdon’s bull,” also in Hurworth. From him the cow dropped a
bull calf. Soon afterwards the cow and calf were driven to Darling-
ton market, and there sold to a Mr. Bassnett, a timber merchant.
Bassnett retained the cow, but sold the calf to a blacksmith at Hornby,
five miles out from Darlington. The dam of the calf taking on flesh
readily, would not again breed, and after some months was fattened
and slaughtered. Growing to a useful age, the young bull, in 1783,
was found at six years old, in the hands of a Mr. Fawcett, living at
Haughton-hill, not far from Darlington.

“Mr. Wright (a noted Short-horn breeder) says that Charles Col-
ling going into Darlington market weekly, used to notice some
excellent veal, and upon inquiry ascertained that the calves were got
by a bull belonging to a Mr. Fawcett of Haughton-hill. This bull,
then known as Fawcett’s bull, and some years afterwards called Hub-
back, was, at the time, serving cows at a shilling each (about 22 cents).
Charles Colling, however, as the merits of the beast were talked
over between himself and others, did not appear particularly im-
pressed with them. But Robert Colling and his neighbor, Mr. Wais-
tell, of Ali-hill, who had also seen the bull, thought better of him,
and more accurately measured his value. The two, soon after Good
Friday, in April, 1783, bought him of Mr. Fawcett for ten guineas
(about $52), and took him home, where he was jointly owned and
used to their separate herds, Colling having seventeen and Waistell
eleven cows, served by him during the season. In the following
November (1783), Charles Colling having changed his opinion of the
merits of the bull, offered his owners eight guineas (about $42) for
him, and they sold him. Waistell had reserved, on his part of the
sale, that Charles should let all his cows be served to the bull as long

40 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

as the latter owned him, but Waistell sending a cow the following
year, Colling refused the service unless paid five guineas for it.* The
cow was driven home unserved, and Waistell had no cows sent to
the bull afterwards.

Charles Colling kept the bull two years, using him freely in his
herd, and then sold him late in 1785, at ten years old, to a Mr.
Hubback, at North Seton, in Northumberland. “The bull had no
name when Colling sold him. Mr. Hubback used him (the bull then
being called Hubback’s bull) until the year 1791, when he was fourteen
years old, and he was vigorous to the last. Mr. Thomas Bates saw
him, and calves got by him, in 1790.” f

Thus, the story, written by Mr. Berry, that “Hubback was partly
of Dutch blood, bought—when a calf, running by his mother’s side
in the lanes—by Waistell and Robert Colling, and both, including
Charles Colling, using him but three years, when, by taking on so
much flesh he became impotent, and was slaughtered,” is all, but
the three years’ use, the sheerest invention. The facts, undoubtedly
were, that neither Waistell nor either of the Collings, truly appreci-
ated the merits of Hubback until after they had parted with him,
and saw the excellence of his stock as they grew up and developed.
He was a small bull; his dam was small—for a Short-horn—but a
very handsome cow, of fine symmetry, with a nice touch, and fine,
long, mossy hair. All these choice qualities Hubback took from her,
and his hair remained unusually late in the spring before shedding.
As good size was a meritorious point in Short-horns at that time, it
is highly probable that the Collings discarded him for that deficiency
more than any other. Yet the subsequent reputation of Hubback,
among the breeders, stood higher than that of any bull of his time,
and it was considered a great merit in any Short-horn which could
trace its pedigree back into his blood, which, no doubt, could be
easily done, as he was, both before and after the Collings owned
him, open to the public at a cheap rate of service. Other animals
than those of Waistell and the Collings, recorded in the English Herd
Book, trace their pedigrees back to Hubback.

One more, and as we think, conclusive evidence may be added to
the integrity of Hubback’s Short-horn blood: “Mr. Charge, as well
as Mr. Coates, and Charles Colling, always deemed Hubback a pure
Short-horn; and neither he nor his descendants when put on cows

* From various transactions we have heard of him, with all his cleverness as a breeder, w2
‘incline to the opinion that Charles Colling had an especial eye to Zzs own interests.

+ American Edition of Youatt’s British Cattle.

RES LAN WICK OR ORIGINAL DUCHES'S. 4l

_of the pure blood, bégot any calves which denoted in their features

or color any other breed than the pure Short-horn. His stock had
capacious chests, prominent bosoms, thick, mossy coats, mellow skins,
with a great deal of fine flesh, spread equally over the whole carcass,
and were either red and white, yellow roans, or white.” *

It is said that in the year 1784, after coming into possession of
Hubback (or Fawcett’s bull), Charles Colling picked up several good
cows, among them some got by Fawcett’s bull; but one of the most
noted, as afterwards known in her descendants, was the “Stanwick
cow” (the original of the “Duchess” tribe), which in June, 1784,
was driven from the Stanwick estate of the Duke of Northumber-
land,} in Yorkshire, to be sold in the Darlington market, and Colling
being present when the cow was driven in, took an especial fancy to
her fair qualities, and bought her at the low price of £13 ($65).
“She was a massive, short-legged beast, breast near the ground, a great
grower, with wide back, and of a beautiful yellowish-red flaked
color.” { Colling called her Duchess. She was got by J. Brown’s red
bull (97), and no further pedigree of her was known. She was bred
to Hubback, and through the produce of that coupling descended
the since famous (through Mr. Bates’ breeding on the female side)
“Duchess” tribe of Short-horns.$

During the two seasons that Charles Colling possessed Hubback
we may suppose that he made diligent use of him in his herd, but we
do not learn that the bull made a strong impression of his value, or he
would not so soon have parted with him. At all events, the merits of
his stock were not fully appreciated until some time after he had dis-
posed of him, and Colling had become in possession, through ‘other
parties, of cows of his get anterior to his own use of the bull.

* Thornton’s Circular.

+ We have since heard it asserted that the ‘‘Stanwick’”’ cow was zo¢ from the Stanwick estate,
but from the neighboring one of Aldbrough, also belonging to the Northumberland domain; but
it matters little which of the farms produced the cow. She was of the Northumberland Short-
horn blood, unquestionably.

t+ Mr. Bates.

§ The Stanwick estate was said to have then been in the occupancy of Earl Percy, a son of Sir
Hugh Smithson, before related as being raised to the peerage with the title of Duke of North-
umberland, under the Percy succession. This Earl Percy held a commission in the British army,
and was one of the party who attacked the American Provincial troops at Lexington, Mass., in
the beginning of our Revolutionary War, and was for some years absent from home. He after-
wards succeeded his father to the estates and title of second Duke of Northumberland. The
late Mr. Smithson, of England, who bequeathed the generous donation of $500,000 to found our
National ** Smithsonian Institution,’”’ at Washington, was a natural son of that second Duke of
Northumberland, and grandson to Sir Hugh Smithson, the first Duke, previously mentioned. In
his inimitable poem, ‘‘Alnwick Castle,” our American Halleck alludes to Earl Percy, as having

‘“‘ Fought for King George at Lexington,
A major of dragoons.”

42 HTS ORY Oh i SOUR eI @eRINIS:

“Gabriel Thornton, in 1786, went to live with Chanles, as farm man-
ager, having previously lived, since 1774, with Mr. Maynard, at
Eryholme. Some remarks of Mr. Thornton concerning Mr. May-
nard’s cattle, led Mr. and Mrs. Colling* to ride over to Eryholme
that same year. When they arrived, a handsome cow, called ‘ Favor-

’ that Miss Maynard was milking, attracted their notice, and Mr.
Colling offered to buy the cow and her heifer. After some haggling
on both sides, the purchase was made, and the cows, ‘Favorite,’
and her daughter, ‘ Young Strawberry,’ went to Ketton.”

As these two cows, “Favorite” (afterwards Lady Maynard, in
Colling’s hands), and her daughter, ‘“ Young Strawberry,” mark the
foundation of another distinguished family of Short-horns (aside
from the Duchess already named), through the joint interbreeding of
their own bull and heifer progenies, from which the bull “ Favorite”
(252) descended, and on which Colling’s chief celebrity as an zm-
prover is based, a full history of the cows will be given.

Lapy MAYNARD AND YOUNG STRAWBERRY.

Mr. Maynard had long been a distinguished breeder of Short-
horns at his farm of Eryholme, then occupied by him, and for many
years since by his descendants, who have continuously bred until a
recent day first-class cattle. At the time of Charles Colling’s visit
to him for the purchase of the two cows, Maynard was in possession
of an excellent herd, and Colling finding the things he wanted,
bought them of him at the low price of £40 ($200) for the cow
and heifer.t

The pedigree of the cow Lady Maynard is thus given under the
name of “Favorite, or Lady Maynard,” in the first edition of Vol. 1,
Coates 1h. Epa.

“Red roan, bred by Mr. Maynard, got by Mr. Ralph Alcock’s}
bull (19), d. by Jacob Smith’s§ bull (608), gr. d. (Strawberry) by
Mr. Jolly’s bull (337).” |

* It is said Mrs. Colling was quite as much interested in cattle breeding as her husband, and
having no children she had abundant leisure to devote to the stock,

+ Mr. Bates’ History.

+ All the record pedigree of Alcock’s bull is, ‘bred by Mr. Michael Jackson, of Hutton-Bon-
ville, near North Allerton.”’ A note of Mr. Bates’ says: ‘‘A good bull.”’

§ Smith’s bull has no pedigree whatever. His name only is recorded, A note to his pedigree,
in manuscript, written by Mr. Bates, says: ‘' Yellow red, white face, white back, and white legs
to the knees.”

| Jolly’s bull has no pedigree ; recorded. by name only. Mr. Bates said, ‘‘he was bred by Mr.
Waistell, of Great Burdon.”

Mr. Bates afterwards wrote that Mr. Maynard gave him a long pedigree of the cow ‘ Favor-
ite,’’ running back to the ** Murrain”’ year, 1745,

LADY MAYNARD. 43

Lady Maynard’s produce is thus recorded :

SEX AND COLOR. NAME. SIRE. BREEDER.
178-, cow calf, Young Strawberry, Dalton Duke (188), Mr. Maynard.
178-, cow calf, red roan,! Miss Lax, Dalton Duke (188), Mr. Maynard.
178-, cow calf, r. & w., | Phenix, Foljambe (263), Charles Colling.
178-, bull calf, r. & w., | Lady Maynard’s bull (356),] Lame bull (357), Charles Colling.
1796, bull calf, white, Mason’s white bull (421), ; Becca or | Charles Colling.

_and another cow calf which did not breed.

Thus it appears that Young Strawberry, which Colling purchased
with the cow, was her first calf, and she was bred by Maynard. As
the pedigree of the cow Young Strawberry is already given under the
produce of Lady Maynard, the pedigree of her (Young Strawberry’s)
son Bolingbroke (86) is found as her produce, under her record in
Vol. 1, E. H. B., as calved November 12, 1788, red and white, bred
by Mr. Colling, and got by Foljambe (263). Foljambe is entered in
the Herd Book as bred by Colling; other authorities contend that he
was bred by Mr. Hall, of Haughton-hill, got by Richard Barker’s bull
(52), out of the cow Haughton, by Hubback. Colling afterwards
bought the cow Haughton of Mr. Hall. The pedigree of the cow
Haughton runs thus:

“Got by Hubback (319), dam by a bull of the late Charles Col-
ling’s (which he bought of Mr. John Bamlet), gr.d. by Mr. Waistell’s
bull (669), g. gr. d. Tripes, bred by Mr. C. Pickering.”

By other authority Tripes is said to be by Studley bull (626), and
her dam bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in 1739.

So it will be seen that Foljambe was of stranger blood to the Lady
Maynard family. Thus, with Foljambe, and his Lady Maynard, and
other tribes, Colling went on with his new course of breeding; but
we do not find that Foljambe was directly used to any of the Colling-
Duchess, or Stanwick family, as their pedigrees enter into the first
volume of E. H. B. only in Mr. Bates’ Duchess rst, calved in 1810,
got by Comet (155), and the fifth in descent from the Stanwick
cow. Yet as Duchess rst was descended through Comet and Favor-
ite, who had the blood of Foljambe in them, the Duchess tribe had
his blood also.

With the basis of the two tribes, Duchess, and Lady Maynard, in
his hands, as well as with other cows which he had selected, Charles
Colling began his remarkable in-and-in system of breeding, and
pursued it with untiring pertinacity to the end of his Short-horn
career in 1810. He bred comparatively few animals of his Duchess
tribe, although equally in-and-in bred as the Lady Maynards. Fol-
jambe, as an early sire, begat the bull Bolingbroke (86), in the cow

44. HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Young Strawberry, and also begat the cow Pheenix, in the dam of
Young Strawberry (Lady Maynard), so that Bolingbroke was closely
related to Phoenix in other ways than being her half brother. Then
in Pheenix, his half sister and aunt, Bolingbroke begat Favorite (252),
and Favorite in his own mother and sister (Phoenix) begat Young
Phoenix, and in Young Phcenix (his own daughter as well as sister)
he begat Comet (155), the famous 1000 guinea bull in the final sale of
Colling’s herd in 1810. In addition to this intensely close breeding,
Favorite was used to his own heifers without stint in Colling’s herd
even to, in one instance (Robert Colling’s Clarissa), the sixth genera-
tion, producing in every case sound, healthy offspring. No bull in
Short-horn history has so many animals which trace back to him as
Favorite. Not only to his own immediate family relations, but to the
Duchesses and other tribes does his blood extend, so that running
back to Favorite, in thousands of bulls and cows, from that day to
this, his blood has been commingled in near and remote relationship.

Concurrent with Charles, his brother Robert had been equally vig-
ilant. He had selected, probably, quite as good animals from the
herds of Messrs. Milbank of Barningham, Hill of Blackwell, Best,
Watson, Wright of Manfield, and Sir William St. Quintin of Scamp-
ston, all of whom were celebrated breeders of Short-horn or Tees-
water cattle.*

Hubback had been used by Robert one year, and by Charles two
years, as before stated, and sold by the latter at ten years of age,
without a name, to go into the hands of Mr. Hubback, in Northum-
berland, who gave his own name to the bull, and in whose possession
he died. After leaving Colling, little is known of Hubback’s produce
or to what classes of cows he was bred. The name of Mr. Hubback,
the last owner of the bull, does not appear as a breeder in the early
volumes of the Herd Book.

Let it be borne in mind that while the Collings were thus vigor-
ously busy in working up their herds, the older breeders around
them had not been idle. ‘The selections of the Collings were made
from among the cattle of those breeders, and it may well be supposed
that they still retained in their hands animals probably equal in
quality to any with which they had parted; but wanting the dash
and enterprise of the later established Barmpton and Ketton breed-
ers, they failed to bring their own herds into equally prominent
notice.

* Thorntoz s Circular,

FOLJAMBE, 45

Succeeding Hubback, in Charles Colling’s herd, we recall and
notice Foljambe (263) [Hubback’s grandson on the dam’s side], by
Richard Barker’s bull (52), already mentioned. “ Barker’s bull was of
good size and symmetry, but rather a hard handler, the winner of a
premium, as a calf, in the year 1784, at Darlington, and generally
known as ‘Dicky Barker’s black nose.’”” Foljambe also had a dark
nose, so said Mr. Bates. Foljambe’s dam was Mr. Hall’s cow Haugh-
ton (by Hubback), before named, and “Colling considered that Fol-
jambe left him the best stock which he had.* He is described as a
useful, thick beast, handle good, wide back, dark face, and was sold
by Mr. Coates to Mr. Foljambe,t as a yearling for 50 guineas”’ { ($260).

Another description says that “he was a large, strong bull, a useful,
big, bony beast, of great substance.”

Thus the brothers Colling progressed. The prices of the Tees-
waters at that day were low. ‘The country, outside the counties where
they were bred, knew little either of the cattle or their value. Wais-
tell and Robert Colling had bought Hubback for ten guineas (about
$52), and Charles paid them only eight guineas ($42) for him; and no
wonder that they so bought him, when he had been serving cows
indiscriminately at one shilling (or 22 cents) each! “Mrs. Charles
Colling ridiculed her husband’s niggardliness in giving Mr. Maynard
only 30 guineas for the cow Favorite (Lady Maynard) and ro guineas
($52) for her heifer, Young Strawberry, although he bid 50 guineas
($260) to Mr. Scott for ‘Sockburn Sall,’ the ancestress of the pres-
ent Blanche tribe. The cows lay out in the fields, having a little hay
taken out to them in bad weather, but always calved in a warm place.
The calves had new milk till they were two or three weeks old, then
for a month they got half and half (new and skim), afterwards skim
milk with linseed bran, or other meal, or porridge; they were then
turned out to grass, getting nothing else. Nurse cows were kept for
the bull calves, going out on hire.” [

The Collings are the first mentioned Short-horn breeders who let
bulls out on hire. Mr. John Hutchinson, in a letter dated in 1821,
says: “Charles Colling, being an established breeder, exhibited in
the spring of 1790, his first two yearling bulls for sale, and succeeded

* That Colling so sazd, we have no doubt. But from all collateral testimony we have as little
doubt that it wes the result of his chagrin at having so prematurely parted with Hubback, before
he knew the intrinsic value of his blood and stock.—L. F. A.

+ There appears to be some discrepancy as to the different transfers and ownerships, as well as
to which—Hall or Colling—really bred Foljambe.—L. F. A

+ Thornton’s Circular,

46 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.,

in selling them both. Mr. Coates, of Smeaton, was the purchaser of
one for £26 ($130), and Mr. R. Thomas of the other, for £23
($115).” Mr. Bailey, the Durham historian, writes in 1810, that
“Messrs. Colling and Mason let bulls out by the year at fifty ($260)
to one hundred guineas ($520) each, and these celebrated breeders
cannot supply the demand for the pure blood, which they are cautious
of preserving, and which takers of bulls are become so well acquainted
with that the prices they give are in proportion to the good qualities
of the individuals, and merits of thetr progenitors, more regard being
paid to their pedigree than to anything else. Messrs. Colling have fre-
quently sold cows and heifers for £100 ($500) each, and bull calves
at the same. Charles Colling has refused £500 ($2,500) for a cow,
and in the year 1807, Mr. Mason refused £700 ($3,500) for a cow.” *

“The most noted breeders who hired Charles Colling’s bulls, were
John Charge, of Newton, who used Favorite (252); Mr. Mason, of
Chilton; Mr. Jobling, of Styford; Mr. Gibson, of Corbridge; Sir
George Strickland; Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk; and Mr. Ostler, of
Aylesby and Audley. Windsor (696) was used by Mr. Hustler in
1808-9; Mr. Parker, of Malton, had him five years, and George III.
had him for three years, at £40 ($200) a year, for service on the
royal farm at Windsor, whence he was named.’’t

THe MopeE oF CHARLES COLLING’S BREEDING.

To keep a run of Charles Colling’s system of breeding: after
Hubback (319) he used Foljambe (263), who got Bolingbroke (86),
and Bolingbroke got Favorite (252), calved in 1793. He succes-
sively used Favorite, with occasional interims, for thirteen years,
beginning his services at two years old. At ten years old Favorite
begat Comet (155), calved in 1804; and the next year, at eleven years
old he begat North Star (458), full brother to Comet, calved in 1805.
These two bulls, celebrated in their day, were out of Young Phoenix,
his daughter and sister (she out of Phoenix, mother to Favorite, the
sire of Young Phoenix), as close interbreeding, perhaps, as could be
made.

* Mr. Mason was contemporary with the Collings, a distinguished Short-horn breeder, and
many animals of his herds were probably equal in excellence to those of the Collings, as he had
early used the Colling bulls. His ‘‘ Mason’s white bull”’ (421), was got by either Bolingbroke or
Favorite, out of Colling’s Lady Maynard. Many descendants of his stock are found in the Herd
Books.—L. F. A.

+ Thornton’s Circular.

COLLING’S MODE OF BREEDING. 47

That Colling bred his cattle with one persistent object in view
there can be no question. It was to obtain the greatest concentration
of good blood possible in his herd. His original cows he had selected
from among the best at his command, and in order to cement that
blood in its greatest strength, worked the blood of each into the
descendants of others, as far as is possible, so that it should be com-
mon to all. His original animals were not alike, differimg much in
their various qualities, yet all having more or less good and sterling
points of character. Those different points will be more fully no-
ticed hereafter. In Favorite (252), Colling judged that the best
blood could be transmitted more successfully than through the veins
of any other bull. Nor was he mistaken. He used him for two,
three, four, and in one recorded instance five successive crosses in
his own heifers, with decided success and no deterioration of consti-
tution or quality in the very last cross he made in their production.
At the final sale of his herd in 1810, there were more of his animals
running back into the blood of Favorite than in all the other bulls
he had used, put together. The follwing analysis is so well expressed
that I quote it from the Rev. J. Storer, in Mr. Carr’s late History of
the Booth Short-horns:

“Few people have any idea of the amazing extent to wnicn in-
and-in breeding was carried on by the Brothers Colling; and so great
was the complication it involved, that few of those who know the
outline of the circumstances, can adequately realize all their intrica-
cies. It is almost impossible to describe even proximately in some
of its stronger features the system they pursued. But the attempt
ought to be made; for the Messrs. Colling’s system of in-and-in breed-
ing, is not only one of the most remarkable and authentic cases in the
history of the reproduction of animals with which we are acquainted,
but the earlier Booth bulls were amongst those most strongly sub-
jected to its influence.

“Mr. C. Colling’s bull Bolingbroke, and his cow Phcenix, were
brother and sister on the sire’s side, and nearly so on the dam’s.
They were of the same family; and the only difference in descent
was, that Bolingbroke was a grandson of Dalton Duke, while Phcenix
was not. But this apparent difference, slight as it is, was not all real;
for Dalton Duke also contained some portion of their common blood.
Arithmetically stated, the blood of the two being taken and divided
into thirty-two parts, twenty-nine of those parts were of blood common
to both, rather differently proportioned between them. Phoenix had
sixteen of those parts, Bolingbroke ¢/rteen ; the latter having also

48 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

three fresh parts derived from Dalton Duke, which made up the
thirty-two.

“ Being thus very nearly own brother and sister, they were the joint
parents of the bull Favorite. That bull was next put to his own
mother Phoenix, so nearly related to him on his sire’s side also; and
the produce was Young Phoenix. To this heifer Favorite was once
more put, she being at once his daughter and more than own stster too.
For their two sires, Bolingbroke and Favorite, were not only as nearly
as possible consanguineous with each other, but also with the cow
Phoenix, to which they were both put. The result was—Comet (155).

“Nor was this all. The system was carried much further. The
celebrated Booth bull Albion (14) was not only a son of the in-and-
in Favorite bred Comet, but his dam was a granddaughter of Favorite
on both sides, and descended besides from both the sire and the dam
of Favorite.

“Tt is not so possible to make an exact statement with regard to
Pilot (496), for it is not known whether he was by Major (398), or
Wellington (680). Nor does it much matter; for five-eighths of
Major’s and three-quarters of Wellington’s blood were derived from
Favorite, by repeated inter crossings; and Pilot’s dam was not only
by Favorite, but she was also the granddaughter of Foljambe, the sire
of both the parents of Favorite.

“Marshal Beresford (415) was, like Albion, a son of Comet (155);
and his dam was by a grandson of Favorite, out of a daughter of
Favorite.

‘“‘Suworrow (636) was by a son of Favorite; and his dam was a
daughter of Favorite; and Twin Brother to Ben (660) was from a
cow by Foljambe, the double grandsire of Favorite.

“Even this does not exhaust the subject. Many of the above
mentioned animals were otherwise related to each other by a common
descent from Hubback, and from other progenitors.

‘Albion has been called ‘The Alloy Bull.’ I think with very little
reason. When it is remembered that he is the seventh in descent
from that blood, and that therefore only ove part of his blood came
from ‘The Alloy,’* against ove hundred and twenty-seven parts which
were not derived from it, the chances against either good or evil
resulting therefrom were infinitesimally small; and so no doubt such
an acute observer as Mr. Booth well knew.”

* Through Washington (674). These bulls will be more particularly noticed hereafter in our
remarks upon the Booth herds.—L. F. A.

COLLING’S MODE OF BREEDING. 49

To further illustrate Colling’s in-and-in breeding, we give two dia-
grams of descent first published in Vol. 1, American Herd Book:

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

x. Bull, Hubback. 5. Bull, Foljambe. rr. Cow, Phenix.

2. Dam of Haughton. 6. Cow, Young Strawberry. iz. Cow, Young Pheenix.
3. Richard Barker’s bull. 7. Bull Dalton Duke. 13. Bull, Favorite.

4. Cow, Haughton, 8 and 10. Cow, Lady Maynard. 14. Bull, Comet.

g. Bull, Bolingbroke.

While on this subject we give a diagram of another animal, the cow
Clarissa, which we find on record, bred by Robert Colling, to show
the depth of a particular strain of blood which he acquired. This
cow, it appears, has six consecutive crosses or 63-64ths parts of the
blood of Favorite. Her pedigree (Vol. 1, E. H. B.) runs thus:
“Clarissa, roan, calved in 1814, bred by Mr. R. Colling, got by Wel-
lington (680), out of , by Favorite (252),—by Favorite,—by
Favorite,—by Favorite-——by Favorite,—by Favorite,—by a son of
Hubback.” (See diagram on next page.)

In addition to the pedigree of Clarissa, we have run out that of
Wellington, her sire, which also goes back to Favorite, showing that
although Clarissa’s dam had six crosses of Favorite’s blood, Clarissa
is met on the other side by a bull deeply impregnated with the blood
of Favorite also. Clarissa proved a good breeder, and was the dam
of several excellent animals.

After saying so much of the Collings, it may be asked, why they
so rapidly achieved a reputation as Short-horn breeders, so young in

4

50 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

the business, and outstripped their older neighbors to whom they
were indebted for the origznal excellence in their herds, and had
adopted a course of breeding opposed to the common opinions of
the breeders around them, viz.: the in-and-in system of Bakewell.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

N Au AW DN A
OC ti ‘de Gea

Bull, Hubback. 8. 4th Cow by Favorite, 15s. Cow, Young Pheenix.
Son of Hubback. g. 5th Cow by Favorite. 16. Cow, Phoenix.
Cow, by son of Hubback. 10. 6th Cow by Favorite. 4. Same bull Favorite on the

Bull, Favorite.
ist Cow by Favorite.

. 2d Cow by Favorite.
. 3d Cow by Favorite.

Cow, Clarissa.
Bull, Wellington, sire of

Clarissa. 17.
Bull, Comet. 18.

side of Clarissa’s sire, as

on the sire of her dam.
Bull, Bolingbroke.
Granddaughter of Hubback.

14. Cow, Wildair.

They bred their stock intensely and pertinaciously in-and-in, as
has been seen by the crosses and diagrams we have given, to the
closest relationship. They had selected from the herds of other
breeders not only as good blood as they could obtain, but as good
animals, and by their course of close breeding had concentrated
that blood into its utmost compactness in their stock, thus enabling
their bulls to transmit it with nearly absolute certainty into the thor-
oughbred animals of their get. Of course their herds had acquired
a character and type of their own, measurably distinct from those of
other breeders, who, in following the old idea that near relations
should not be crossed in stock breeding, possessed herds of miscella-
neous character, although, perhaps, in many points of excellence
quite equal to the Collings. We do not aver that the Collings’
stock was better than that of some of the other careful, painstaking

DURHAM OX. 51

breeders around them, other than in their fixed and undeviating
characteristics, and their thus acquired power of transmitting those
characteristics into their progeny, when put upon cows of blood not
related to them. ‘This the deeply in-and-in bred Colling bulls did,
beyond a question, and hence their rapidly acquired popularity.

Still, the Short-horns were a local breed of cattle, confined chiefly
to the counties of ancient Northumbria, and the best of them were
to be found in and about the valley of the Tees. The Collings, in
the exercise of their usual foresight and sagacity, determined to give
their cattle a wide reputation through the kingdom, and for that pur-
pose Charles prepared the

DuRHAM Ox

for public exhibition. As this ox achieved a wide reputation and
successfully drew the merits of the Short-horns to the attention of
the cattle breeding public, although it has been frequently published,
a full account of him will be repeated. He was among the earliest
calves got by Favorite (252), “bred in the year 1796, and out of a
common black and white cow, bought for Charles Colling by John
Simpson, at Durham Fair, for £14 ($70).”* Although the dam of
the Durham Ox was said to have been “a common cow,” from the price
which Colling paid for her, and the marvellous excellence and beauty
of the ox descended from her, it is altogether probable she possessed
much of the “common” Short-horn blood of the vicinity.t Yet, from
the “black” in her she may not have been highly bred, but of remark-
ably good quality. ‘This calf, made a steer, Colling fed up to his
greatest flesh-taking capacity until nearly five years old, when he had
attained a weight of 3024 pounds. He was then purchased to be
exhibited, by Mr. Bulmer of Harmby, in February, 1801, for £140
($700). Bulmer had a traveling carriage made to carry him through
the country, and after traveling and exhibiting him five weeks, sold
the carriage and ox at Rotherham to John Day, for £250 ($1,250).
On the r4th of May ensuing, Mr. Day could have sold him for £525
($2,625); on the 13th of June, for 41,000 ($5,000), and on the 8th of
July, for £2,000 ($10,000), but he refused all these offers, which were
strong proofs of the excellence of the ox, as well as his exhibiting

* Thornton’s Circular.

+ The ox, like his sire, Favorite, was light roan in color. Did not that color, like the wonder-
ful excellence he otherwise possessed, demonstrate the certainty with which the highly concen-
trated blood of Favorite was capable of being thrown into his produce?

52 HISTORY OF DHE SHORM- THORNS:

value. Mr. Day traveled with him nearly six years, through the
principal parts of England and Scotland, till at Oxford, on the 19th
of February, the ox dislocated his hip bone, and continued in that
state till the r5th of April, when he was killed, and notwithstanding
he must have lost considerable flesh during these eight weeks of
illness, yet his dead weight was:

JOLiiy GEMINI oC oncobobOonOOObOn OO Go GdOOD 2322 pounds.
Maho wiricsteneesc cies horeie otele cette tater cpeverateceraredeveters Ti Ovens
ese ce uik e Searce He, nogertias ital ciate ahaa Resraue aires Cauebete TAD eae

2620 pounds.

This was at the age of eleven years, under all the disadvantages of
six years traveling in a jolting carriage, and eight weeks of painful
lameness. At ten years old Mr. Day stated his live weight to have
been nearly 3400 pounds.

About the year 1806, Robert Colling reared a thoroughbred heifer,
afterwards called the “White Heifer that Traveled,” which he sent
out through the principal agricultural counties for exhibition; the
date of her birth is not given in the first volume E. H. B., where
her pedigree is recorded. She was also got by Favorite (252), her
dam called “Favorite Cow,” also bred by R. Colling; the name of
“Favorite Cow’s” sire is not given. Her gr. dam, “Yellow Cow,”
was by Punch (531), and her g. gr. dam was by Anthony Reed’s bull
(538), and bred by Mr. Best, of Manfield. The “White Heifer”
being twinned with a bull, and herself not breeding, she was no
doubt fed up to her greatest flesh-taking capacity during her life.
Her age, when slaughtered, is not given, but the account states that
her live weight could not have been less than 2300 pounds, and her
dead (profitable) weight was estimated at 1820 pounds.

There were other extraordinary large and heavy cattle bred and
fed by the Short-horn breeders contemporary with the Collings,
whose recorded weights we might give, but as they all run in about
the same scale, it is not important to record them here. It is suffi-
cient to say that the great reputation which the Collings and their
animals acquired was through the wider knowledge which the public
abroad obtained of them by these public exhibitions. Thus the
Collings became conspicuously known, and were considered by those
not intimately acquainted with the other breeders around them, as,
if not the founders, at least the great improvers of that newly adver-
tised and meritorious race.

ROBERT COLLING’S BREEDING. 53

ROBERT COLLING AND HIS SHORT-HORN BREEDING.

Although he has been frequently mentioned in the account of his
brother Charles, as they often bred their stock through an interchange
of bulls, yet Robert had a herd in blood distinctly his own, and bred
many cattle as highly distinguished in their merits as were those
of Charles.

Previous to his taking the farm at Barmpton in the year 1783, he
lived at Hurworth, a short distance away. When a youth he had
been apprenticed to a grocer, but his health declining, he embraced
farming. He had often visited Mr. Culley, a noted farmer, stock
breeder, and agricultural writer, and took lessons from him in farm-
ing, turnip growing, and stock feeding. He had obtained Leicester
sheep from Bakewell, and for many years bred and sold them with
great success, simultaneous with his pursuit of Short-horn cattle
breeding. His annual ram-lettings were extensive and profitable.

Some of his earliest stock he obtained from Mr. Milbank, of
Barningham. They were considered as among the best of the Tees-
water cattle, and noted for their excellent grazing properties. He
also selected the best cows to be obtained from other breeders, and
having the bull Hubback (319), as previously stated, in the year 1783,
by which he had seventeen cows served, it may well be supposed
that he made a ready and sure start through the best blood and the
best animals he could obtain in the foundation of his herd. He
bred with skill and judgment, and founded several different families,
or tribes of females, as the Wildair, the Red Rose, the Princess,
the Bright Eyes, and others, which became in future hands, as well
as his own, widely noted as the bases of superior herds. He also
bred many noted bulls. Among the earliest of them were “Broken-
horn ” (95), by Hubback (319), etc.; “ Punch” (513) by Broken-horn;
Ben (70), and “Twin Brother to Ben” (660), by Punch; “Colling’s
(Robert) white bull” (151), by Favorite (252); “Marske” (418),
by Favorite [his dam and grand dam also by Favorite; great grand
dam by Hubback (319),—by Snowdon’s bull (612),—by Master-
man’s bull (422),—by Harrison’s bull (292),—by Studley bull (626) ;
Marske was a noted bull, useful thirteen years, and died at fifteen
years old]; “ North Star” (459), by Favorite [and full brother to the
“White Heifer that Traveled”’]; “ Phenomenon” (491), by Favorite;
“Styford” (629), by Favorite; besides many later bulls which were
sold, or occasionally used by him, or let for service to other breeders.

54 HES MOR Voy OR aes SH Omen = TsO sRINiS:

Among the cows bred by Robert Colling was one which has ob-
tained celebrity through her descendants as “The American Cow;”
and it has been a subject of inquiry during late years, both in Eng-
land and America, why a cow so ancient in lineage should have been
called by a name so foreign to her birth-place, and after a country
where the Short-horns at that time were almost unknown. We first
find her name in the pedigree of Red Rose, in first edition of Vol. 1,
D: 457, ts Bs as, follows: Ned, calved in) ann, bredi by, Mir
Hustler, property of Mr. T. Bates, got by Yarborough (705), dam
(bred by R. Colling, and called The American Cow), by Favorite
(252), gr. d. by Punch (531), g. gr. d. by Foljambe (263), g. g. gr. d.
by Hubback (319).”

In the above pedigree The American Cow is originally identified.
In Vol. 2, p. 497, first edition E. H. B., the same Red Rose is again
recorded as Red Rose 1st, her dam being “The American Cow,”
as before. In a conversation with Mr. John Thornton, of London,
when in this country in the winter of 1870-71, (who is as well versed
in English Short-horn pedigrees, perhaps, as any other,) he remarked
that he had never learned why the American Cow was so called,
although he had made diligent inquiries in England for the reason.

The American history of the cow, as we have been informed on
authority which we deem good, is this: In some year, not long after
1801, a son of Mr. Hustler, who was a Short-horn cattle breeder in
Yorkshire, emigrated to New York, and brought with him some Short-
horn cattle, among which was this nameless cow, or then heifer,
afterwards dam of the Red Rose tst, which his father bought of
Robert Colling. The younger Hustler went into business in New
York City, and put his cattle into the adjoining county of Westchester.
After a few years stay in America, he returned to England, and not
finding his Short-horns appreciated on this side the ocean, (as
we find no record of them or their produce in this country,) Mr.
Hustler took this cow back with him, as she was a remarkably good
beast, and put her into his father’s herd. Then, on being put to
Yarborough, she became the dam of Red Rose, afterwards purchased
by Mr. Bates, he calling her Red Rose 1st, which, in his hands, was
the original of the tribe of Red Rose, from whom many excellent
animals have descended. The only Zuglish account we have of
The American Cow, aside from her pedigree, which we have quoted,
is, that “she was sent to America, and taken back to England.”

It is hardly necessary to follow Robert Colling through the various
particulars of his breeding, as we have done more closely with

ROBERT COLLING’S BREEDING. 55

Charles, for, as has been previously remarked, they bred much in
concert, followed the same system of intercrossing their blood, and
in fact were almost identical in their practice. To sum up the results
of their joint action, it may be said that they, in the midst of older
and more experienced breeders, combatted the ancient prejudices of
the day, and through their in-and-in system, established a new school
in breeding.

56 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS,

CRAP EE Rh

WERE THE COQLLINGS THE EARLIEST AND CHIEF IMPROVERS OF
THE SHORT-HORNS?

In the discussion of this question a wider range of observation
may be necessary than has usually been taken from hearsay, tradi-
tion, or even what in some cases has been written by men claiming a
personal knowledge of the subject. Assertion is one thing; proof is
another thing; and sometimes widely different, in the settlement of
facts. It has long been so commonly reported among those who
have never gone into an investigation of the matter, that to the
Collings—especially Charles—was due the great merit of transform-
ing the ancient, coarse, ungainly race of Short-horns, which had long
existed anterior to their coming upon the stage, into the stately and
more highly perfected condition in which they left them, that it may
seem, if not an act of audacity, at least a bootless task to combat a
belief which has heretofore been so commonly entertained. We
shall, however, carefully examine all the facts at command and strive
to place the subject in as true a light as possible.

To the first question: ‘Were the Collings the earliest improv-
ers” of the Short-horn race? our previous narrative has clearly
shown they were not. At the outset of their career as breeders they
found the Short-horns, or Teeswaters, a valuable, profitable, and
highly approved, as well as established breed, in three or four differ-
ent counties of England, where, time immemorial, they had lived and
flourished; and in whatever state of improvement over that of their
ancient progenitors they then existed, their improvement was zof
made by the Collings. Therefore their claims to the early improve-
ment may be dismissed without further discussion.

The next question: ‘Were they the chief improvers” of the Short-
horns of their own day? If improved at all during their career is
now the question to be examined. We have seen that when the
Collings commenced business various breeders in their vicinity had
excellent cattle. All, or nearly all, the bulls anterior to their time

THE COLLINGS AS IMPROVERS. 57

which the English Herd Book has recorded have been mentioned,
and many of the chief points and excellencies, as well as defects of
their animals, have been noticed, and every bull and every cow to
which the Collings traced their best or choicest blood in animals of
their own breeding were bred by others, and not by themselves.
That it was a master stroke of sagacity, as well as policy, in their
collecting some of the best cattle to be found on which to base their
herds will be conceded; for having the tools in their hands the value
of their workmanship in the use of them could best be judged.

Let us follow (although it may be repeating a portion of what we
have already stated) the course of the Collings somewhat in detail,
for it is only in details that accurate results can be gathered. In the
year 1784 Charles bought the Stanwick, or original Duchess cow,
from the estate of the Duke of Northumberland in Yorkshire. The
cow Haughton (by Hubback) he soon afterwards bought from Mr.
Hall; and in 1786 or ’87, he bought “Favorite, or Lady Maynard,”
and her daughter, “Young Strawberry,” from Mr. Maynard. Here
were four prime cows to start with, and from which most of his
animals on which his chief reputation was acquired descended. In
1784 he bought the bull Hubback from his brother Robert and Mr.
Waistell, neither of whom dred him. In the pages of Vol. 1, E. H.
B., are found some animals bred by Colling having a double cross of
Hubback; but as he did not keep the bull more than two years, not
giving time enough to put him to his own daughters, except as the
latter were yearlings, it is not probable that he had that double cross
in his own breeding. Aside from this we have the authority of the
late Thomas Bates, who was familiar with Colling’s whole course of
breeding, that he made no such second cross in any heifer bred by
himself. Of course, if he had cows with a double cross of Hubback
in their blood he must have obtained them from other parties, of
which we may suppose there may have been several in the neighbor-
hood, as the bull had been freely used in getting calves, as before
stated, at a shilling each. Thus he had an early infusion of Hubback
blood. Next to Hubback he used Foljambe,* out of the cow Haugh-
ton, and she by Hubback, thus combining the Hubback blood through
Foljambe more closely in his herd. Colling bred a heifer, by Hub-
back, out of the Duchess (Stanwick) cow, but we have no record of
a female by Hubback out of either Lady Maynard or her daughter,
Young Strawberry; but out of Lady Maynard he bred the cow

* Got by Barker’s (Richard) bull (52), ‘* Dickey Barker’s black nose,’’ previously mentioned.

58 Hist ORY (OF) (rs JS EEO RE © RINGS:

Phoenix, by Foljambe, and out of Young Strawberry (daughter to
Lady Maynard, and half sister to Phoenix) he bred the bull Boling-
broke (88), also by Foljambe. Then Bolingbroke was bred to his
more than half sister, and aunt, Phoenix, producing Favorite (252),
and then this Favorite put to Phoenix (his own mother, and more
closely related, if possible), produced the cow Young Phoenix, and
she in turn being bred to Favorite, her own sire (brother and all
other sorts of close relationship), produced Comet (155), a bull
individually more admired than any other one of his day.

This system of interbreeding Charles Colling pursued, or as closely
to it as possible, with all the best families in his herd. He had
selected his original animals with an eye to particular models of
excellence. He could not find a finished model in any one animal
of his original selections. ‘They had various points of excellence, as
well as some defects, and his object was to get rid of their defects
and combine their excellencies into the younger stock so as to create
a uniformity of character as near his own standard of perfection as
possible. _He had in the bull Favorite, got as much of the blood of
his cow Lady Maynard, and through Foljambe of Hubback’s, as
was probably possible to obtain, and he bred from Favorite. more
or less for thirteen years, as long as he was useful.

Let it be borne in mind that Colling acted’on the axiom that blood,
in order to be most useful in perpetuating its good qualities in breed-
ing, must be concentrated as closely as possible in the veins of the
breeding animals, as only through such concentration of blood could
its individual properties and character be transmitted with absolute
certainty to their progeny. Thus the choicest of the Colling cattle
had a untformity of type which so far, provided their qualities were
good, was a decided improvement in them, beyond those animals
which had been miscellaneously bred from different bulls having no
blood relations with each other, or with the cows to which they were
bred, thus striking out into various incongruities of character, and
transmitting their own qualities, even if of the best kind, with no
certainty to their offspring. Robert bred under the same system as
did Charles; but it is unnecessary to follow his herd with the same
particularity of detail, as several of his best have already been
noticed. Many pages of Vol. 1, E. H. B., would have to be quoted
to illustrate their breeding.

As both the Collings were considerable breeders, it is not to be
supposed that a@// their cattle were so closely interbred. They fre-
quently bought good cows from other breeders, even after their own

0 tn

THE COLLINGS EARLY CATTLE: 59

choice tribes were established; these cows they bred to their best
bulls, and sold their produce to different breeders, so that the Herd
Book, not originating until 1822, some years after they had both
given up cattle breeding, does not represent all the animals of their
herds. Their stock, outside of the choicest families, were not uni-
form in either their several qualities, or individual merits. But
having prime animals of their best families, those gave them their
reputation as leading breeders, or improvers of the Short-horn race.

Comparing the various characteristics of the most noted cattle in
the Colling herds let us see what was said of them by their con-
temporaries :

Lady Maynard, red roan, is described as a beautiful cow, and her
daughter, Young Sy ay color not given, as having much of
her character.

Hubback was yellow red with little white, a smooth, small bull,
and the quality of his flesh, hide and hair, seldom equaled; head
good; horns small and fine; breast forward; handling firm; shoulders
rather upright; girth good; loins, body and sides fair; rumps and hips
extraordinary; flank and twist wonderful. His dam a beautiful little
cow, and became so fat by running in the lanes of Darlington that
she would not afterwards breed and was slaughtered. She—the dam
of Hubback—was got by Banks’ bull, of Hurworth (not in the Herd
Books), and he, Banks’ bull, had a great belly. The grand dam of
Hubback, on the dam’s side, was bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton.
Snowdon’s bull (626), sire of Hubback, was out of a daughter of a
cow bought from the same Mr. Stephenson.

The cow Haughton (dam of Foljambe), yellow red and white (got
by Hubback), her dam by John Bamlet’s bull (not in Herd Book),
gr. d. by Waistell’s bull (669), g. gr. d. Tripes, bred by C. Pickering.
We find no description of her. Charles Colling afterwards bought
Bamlet’s bull, from which fact we presume he was possessed of excel-
lent qualities.

Foljambe, “white, with a few red spots, and a dark nose; handle
good; wide back; dark face; a large, strong bull; a useful, big, bony,
thick beast of great substance.”

Duchess (the Stanwick cow), “Charles Colling bought 14th June,
1784, for £13 ($65), a massive, short-legged cow; breast near the
ground; a great grower, with wide back, and of a beautiful yellowish
flaked red color.”* Colling himself said that “she was better than

* Mr. Bates, in Bell’s History.

60 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

any he ever produced from her, though put to his best bulls, which °
improved all other cattle.” She was bred to Hubback. The pro-
duce was a heifer, and from her the present tribe of (Bates’)
Duchesses, on the female side, are descended.

Cherry, a fine cow, bought at Yarm Fair, by his father, also came
into Charles Colling’s possession, and from her he bred his “Cherry ”
tribe. We have no description of her.

It was conceded by a company of old breeders in 1812, in discuss-
ing the question of the improvement of Short-horns, that no stock
of Mr. Colling’s breeding ever equaled Lady Maynard,* the dam of
Phoenix, and grand dam of Favorite (252). Robert Colling told Mr.
Wiley that his brother’s and his own cattle were never better than
anybody else’s until his brother Charles got Maynard’s two cows.

From the above descriptions and opinions of breeders at the time,
it will be seen that there was little uniformity in the character of
the Collings’ orzginal stock, and if they afterwards acquired a wm7-
form excellence in their several herds—which, no doubt, to a con-
siderable extent they did—it was by persistence in their course of
in-and-in breeding, which has been described.

So much has been said of the bull Favorite (252), into whose blood
more good Short-horns of the present time trace a portion of their
lineage than any other bull of his day, that we give his description.
His color was light roan. “Mr. Coates thought him a large beast,
with a fine, bold eye, body down, low back, and other parts very
good. Mr. Waistell said Favorite was a grand beast, very large and
open, had a fine brisket, with a good coat, and as good a handler as
ever was felt.”

“His (Favorite’s) dam Phoenix was a large, open-boned cow, and
coarser than her dam—‘the beautiful Lady Maynard ’—partaking
more of her sire’s (Foljambe) character. Favorite, the son, partook
more of his dam’s (Phoenix) character, and possessed remarkably
good loins, long and level hind quarters; his shoulder points stood
wide, and were somewhat too coarse, and too forward in the neck,
and his horns, in comparison with Hubback’s, were long and strong.
His sire, Bolingbroke (86), was by Foljambe, out of Young Straw-
berry (daughter of Lady Maynard). In color he was red, with a
little white, and the best bull George Coates ever saw. Favorite

* The judgments of men are sometimes fallible. We think there must be some error in this
statement, for it is evident that the stock produced from her would not have held so high a
reputation had they not exhibited some particular qualities above those which their ancestry
possessed.—L, F. A.

THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 61

(252), born in 1793, died in 1809, was used indiscriminately upon his
own offspring, even in the third generation.” Yes, even to the fifth
and sixth generations in some one or two prominent instances.

As Phoenix, the dam of Favorite, has been partially described ‘in
connection with her son, her measurement is here given:

PLCIC Ut cielo) sie <ic)s/ais 4 feet 8 inches. Length of quarter,. 1 foot g inches.
Width of hip,..... Zien 2 eet Wengthiof back,... 5 “we | <
Maathion loin acer “ 7a “S Girthvatychimes.... 7 “or ss
Girth of shank,.... 7s eS Girth at neck,..... SY PX ae

THE GALLOWAY Cross—REv. HENRY BERRY’s YOUATT HisTory.

We now arrive at an episode in Short-shorn annals—no less than
the introduction of the notorious “Alloy” admixture, through the
blood of a Scotch Galloway cow, into the herd of Charles Colling.
As this incident in its partial detail at the hands of Mr. Berry has
given rise to an altogether erroneous idea of the origin of the “zm-
proved” Short-horns, and created a belief, or supposition, that the
present type of Short-horn excellence is of recent date, or about the
year 1800, through an admixture of “Galloway” blood with the
ancient race, a full history of the matter will be given.

In the first volume E. H. B., Rev. Henry Berry, of Acton Rectory,
Worcestershire, Eng., is recorded as in the years 1821 and ’22, the
breeder of two animals, the bull Pirate (500), and a heifer, called
Rebecca. The dam of the bull was bred by Mr. Hustler, and traces
back into the stock of Robert Colling; the dam of the heifer was
bred by Mr. Wright, of Cleasby. To these he afterwards added other
animals, and became, to a moderate extent, a Short-horn breeder.
In addition to his clerical and cattle breeding duties he appears to
have been somewhat addicted to controversy, and engaged in dis-
cussing the relative merits between the Short-horn and Hereford
breeds of cattle as feeding or flesh producing animals, in which he
advocated the Short-horns. To substantiate their claims he wrote a
pamphlet entitled

“IMPROVED SHORT-HORNS, AND THEIR PRETENTIONS STATED,
BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THIS CELEBRATED BREED OF CATTLE,
DERIVED FROM AUTHENTIC Sources.” The first edition was issued
in the year 1824.

From the rather ambitious title of his pamphlet one would suppose
that an elaborate history would be given. Instead of any such,
he gave less than eleven pages in large, open type, slightly alluding

62 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

to the Short-horns and their characteristics, as an ancient race, with
the names of a few noted early bulls owned and used by Charles
Colling; about eighteen pages, enumerating-the weights of various
bullocks, cows and heifers, fed for slaughter; a list of eleven extra-
ordinary milk cows owned by Jonas Whitaker, of Otley, in Yorkshire
(the cows derived mainly from the stocks of Robert and Charles
Colling), and closing with extracts from the lists of the great herd
sales of the two Collings in 1810 and 1818. ‘These, with three
or four additional pages of miscellaneous matter, fill the history.
The remainder of the pamphlet is devoted to the Hereford contro-
versy, which is now of little consequence.

This pamphlet was reprinted in 1830, being a copy of the other,
with no particular alteration beyond an additional preface. We
might quote at large from Berry’s pamphlet, but as his historical
matter is nothing more than a condensation of previous history which
we have already related in much more extended remark, it is unnec-
essary here to repeat it. The weights of cattle, also, which he gives,
although proving their great size, ripe points, good feeding qualities
and early maturity, are not extraordinary, compared with those of
a later period. The main drift of his account aims to establish
Charles Colling as the master-spirit of his day in “improving” the
Short-horn race of cattle, and to publish the fact of such improve-
ment to the world, and also distinguish Mr. Whitaker, from whose
herd he (Berry) had become a considerable purchaser, as Colling’s
principal successor in Short-horn breeding and excellence.

In 1834, ten years after Berry’s first pamphlet (in 1824), an elab-
orate work entitled ‘““CaTTLE, THEIR BREEDS, MANAGEMENT AND
DISEASES,” purporting to give a history of the various races and
breeds of neat cattle belonging to the British Islands, was published
in London. This was edited under the superintendence of “The
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,” of which the late
Lord Brougham was the head. The work was compiled by William
Youatt, a veterinary surgeon, of Middlesex Hospital, London, a man
of ability, and in his profession, of extended repute. The historical
matter of his book was drawn from various sources through indi-
vidual correspondents in different parts of the kingdom. In addition
to that were added several hundred pages on “Management and
Diseases,” rendering it a work, with some exceptions, of standard
Finglish authority on the subjects of which it treated—particularly
those parts which Youatt had closely studied, and with which he was
personally familiar.

THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 63

In the “Short-horn” history of his book Youatt, himself, seems to
have taken but little part. He jobbed that portion of it out to
Mr. Berry, who, in its compilation made it quite a different narrative
from that which his previous pamphlet contained. Much that was
im his pamphlet history is omitted, and much that was zof in the
pamphlet is added in the Youatt history. In the latter Charles
Colling still holds the chief place as a breeder and zmprover—a few
other names are slightly mentioned; but Whitaker, with whom it is
said he had had a difference since the pamphlet was published, is not
mentioned at all. Berry at that time was also possessed of some of
the “Alloy” blood, or Galloway cross, originally introduced by Charles
Colling, of which he makes prominent mention, and that cross he
asserted was the grand feature of “improvement” in the Short-horn
race which he now claimed that Colling had established.

As this pretended zprovement to which so much importance is
ascribed by Berry, was the sheerest fallacy, we shall lay it before the
reader. In the year 1791, after Charles Colling had been ten years a
Short-horn breeder, and got his choicest Short-horn families well
established, one of his neighbors, Colonel O’Callaghan, purchased
two Scotch Galloway, hornless heifers, and brought to his farm.
He agreed with Colling to have the heifers served to his bull
Bolingbroke (86), with the understanding that if the calves were
bulls, Colling was to have them; if heifers, O’Callaghan was to retain
them. One of these heifers, red in color, dropped a red and white
roan bull calf, in the year 1792, which immediately became the prop-
erty of Colling. The other calf was a heifer, which was kept by
O’Callaghan. Colling had an aged Short-horn cow, “Old Johanna,”
bred by himself, of moderate quality, got by “Lame bull” (358), bred
by Robert Colling. That is all which is given of her pedigree, no
dam being mentioned. Yet Lame bull had two crosses of Hubback
(319) in him, and his great grand dam was by James Brown’s red
bull (97), so far giving 42m an excellent pedigree. Old Johanna not
having bred a calf for two years, was put to this Son of Bolingbroke
(from the Galloway heifer), when a yearling, and he got her in calf.
The produce was another bull calf, in 1794, Grandson of Bolingbroke
(280), red and white in color, which Colling also kept, being three-
fourths Short-horn and one-fourth Galloway blood. Colling’s cow
Phoenix, the dam of Favorite (252), had become somewhat aged, and
not having had a calf since the birth of Favorite in 1793 or ’94 (for
both those dates are given with his pedigree in the English Herd
Book; but Mr. Bates states it was in October, 1793, that he was born),

64 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

although put to good bulls and not breeding, .as a last resort she was
coupled to this Grandson of Bolingbroke, when a yearling, in 1795,
and by him she had a red and white heifer calf in the year 1796.
This calf Colling called “Lady.” She had one-eighth part Galloway
blood. Proving a very good one, Colling reared this heifer, and at
maturity bred her successively to his bulls Favorite (252), her half
brother; Cupid (177), otherwise closely related to her; and to Comet
(155), still more closely related. She produced the heifers Countess,
one-sixteenth Galloway, by Cupid; and Laura, also one-sixteenth
Galloway, by Favorite, both of which proved fine cows. Her bull
calves were Washington (674), one-sixteenth Galloway, by Favorite;
also Major (397), one-sixteenth; George (276), one-sixteenth; and
Sir Charles (592), one-sixteenth Galloway, the three last ones by
Comet (155).

The two “ Alloy” bulls, “O’Callaghan’s Son of Bolingbroke” (469),
and “Grandson of Bolingbroke” (280), as well as the cows Lady, and
her daughters Countess and Laura, and some of their descendants,
many years after Colling had sold them, were recorded in Vol. 1, E.
H. B., with their Galloway crosses distinctly given.

Such, through a single cross only in a Galloway cow, is the origin
of Berry’s celebrated “Alloy” zmprovement, on the female side of
which the cow “Lady,” only one-eighth of that blood (never breed-
ing back, either by herself or her descendants, to the Galloway again,
but on Short-horn blood continuously thereafter), was the sole
founder.

In review of this whole matter which Mr. Berry has worked up,
through the Galloway cross in the cow Lady and her progeny, as a
deliberate plan for zmprovement by Colling on the blood and quality
of the Short-horns, we think it simply an acczdent. “Old Johanna”
had apparently ceased breeding—not having dropped a calf for two
years; and Son of Bolingbroke, in the failure of Colling’s better bulls
to effect it, was used to restore her to fertility. It was under like
circumstances with the cow Phcenix. Although she had brought
several calves, and then ceased to breed from his best bulls, Colling
required further use of her, and as a last resort, put her to the
Grandson of Bolingbroke. This connection producing a calf (Lady),
he then put her to her own son, Favorite, and Young Pheenix, the
future dam of Comet (155), was the produce. If Colling really
intended the improvement, why did he not, after she had produced
Lady, again put her to the bastard to continue his improvement?

THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 65

We think he would surely have done so, if he had any faith in such
a process.

Again: as to the real “improvement” claimed by Mr. Berry in
the dest of the Colling blood. The year 1796 was the earliest date
in which Grandson of Bolingbroke had any produce (that being the
year in which Lady was born), and none of his blood could have
gone into any stock previous to that time, as the “Grandson” was
discarded after his service to Phoenix. We hear no more of his
produce afterwards. There was no public Herd Book then; nothing
but Colling’s own /rivate record to show Lady’s lineage; nor, as we
shall soon show, did the pubic then, or even at the sale in 1810,
fourteen years afterwards, posztively know the fact. These things all
put together fully prove, as we think, that Mr. Berry got up the story
of the Galloway bastard’s pretended improvement to answer a purpose
of his own.

Colling’s best bulls were used in each cross on “Lady,” and her
female produce, Countess and Laura, and their female progeny, so
that Youatt, in a foot note to Berry’s exalted estimate of the good
quality of “Lady,” remarks: “The dam of Lady was also the dam
of the bull Favorite; and as the Grandson of Bolingbroke is not
known to have been the sire of any other remarkably good animal,
it is most probable that the unquestionable merit of Lady and her
descendants is to be attributed more to her dam than to her sire.”

In the year 1810 Charles Colling made a public sale of his herd
and retired from breeding, having realized a fortune sufficiently ample
for the residue of his days. A more extended account of this sale
will be given in subsequent pages, as we wish now to follow the
“ Alloy” blood until it passed out of his hands. The account is taken
from the (English) Z?mes, of Friday, October 19, 1810. The prices
and purchasers’ names of the “Alloy,” as reported at the sale, are
here quoted :

Lady [by Grandson of Bolingbroke, one-eighth Galloway], 14 years
old, to C. Wright, Cleasby, Yorkshire, 206 guineas ($1,071).

Countess [daughter of Lady, one-sixteenth Galloway], by Cupid,
to Major B. Rudd, 400 guineas ($2,080).

Laura [daughter of Lady, one-sixteenth Galloway], by Favorite, 4
years old, to Mr. Grant, Lincolnshire, 210 guineas ($1,092).

Selina [daughter of Countess above, and one-thirty-second part
Galloway], by Favorite, 5 years old, to Sir H. C. Ibbotson, Denton
Park, Yorkshire, 200 guineas ($1,040).

5

66 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Cora [daughter of Countess above, and one-thirty-second part
Galloway], by Favorite, 4 years old, to G. Johnson, Yorkshire, 70
guineas ($364).

Major (397) [son of Lady, above, and one-sixteenth part Gallo-
way], by Comet (155), to Mr. Grant, Lincolnshire, 200 guineas
($1,040).

Alexander (22) [son of Cora, above, and one-sixty-fourth part
Galloway], by Comet (155), 1 year old, to W. C. Fenton, 63 guineas
($328).

Young Favorite (254) [a calf, and,son of Countess, above, and
one-thirty-second part Galloway], by Comet, to P. Skipworth, Lin-
colnshire, 140 guineas ($728).

George (276) [before mentioned, a calf, and a son of Lady, by
Comet, and one-sixteenth part Galloway], to Mr. Walker, Yorkshire,
130 guineas ($676).

Young Laura [daughter of Laura, by Comet, and one-thirty-second
part Galloway], 2 years old, to Earl of Lonsdale, ror guineas ($525).

Young Countess [daughter of Countess, by Comet, and one-thirty-
second part Galloway], 2 years old, to Sir H. C. Ibbotson, 206 guineas
($1,071).

Lucilla [calf, daughter of Laura, by Comet, and one-thirty-second
part Galloway], to Mr. Grant, 106 guineas ($551).

Calista [calf, daughter of Cora, by Comet, and one-sixty-fourth
part Galloway], to Sir Henry Vane Tempest, Durham, 50 guineas
($250).

These thirteen animals are all we find of the “Alloy” blood in
that celebrated sale, and the prices which they brought, are most of
them extraordinary in comparison to those for the other thirty-four
pure Short-horns sold at the same time. ‘The entire lot of thirteen
females, sold for $10,816, or an average of $832 each. But, when it
is recollected that these Alloys had only a small fraction of Gallo-
way blood in them, and were got by Colling’s best bulls, and far
above the others in flesh (the “ Alloys” being very moderate milkers),
and most of them sold to the newer breeders who were taken by the
good looks of the animals, the high prices will be readily accounted
for.

Let us now see what was afterwards said of the Galloway or
“Alloy” cross. “Mr. Mason (a noted Short-horn breeder) stated
that he did not recollect any experienced breeder who made an offer
for the mixed breed, and he was sure that if Charles Colling had not
made that mistake, his stock at Ketton would have sold for some

THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 67

thousand pounds more. This was read by Col. Mellish at the King’s
Head (tavern), Darlington, and caused great consternation in the
neighborhood, as the catalogue did not mention any particulars of
the breeding of Grandson of Bolingbroke.” [It will be remembered
that the first volume E. H. B., containing the pedigrees of Short-
horn cattle was not published until 1822, twelve years after the sale. |
“Many were disappointed, and others said if they had known of the
transaction they would not have purchased. Mr. Robert Colling
also told Mr. Wiley that he had no doubt it was quite a thousand
pounds ($5,000) loss to his brother having the Alloy blood in his
herd.”

So much, therefore, for Mr. Berry’s pretended “improvement” of
the Short-horns by Charles Colling in his breeding, rearing and
selling thirteen animals only of this Galloway cross at the final sale
of his herd. He might, possibly, previous to the sale have bred other
animals of that cross, but as it appears that the “Alloy” blood was
little known out of his own neighborhood, if he did breed others,
they might have been sold by him, and neither their names nor the
names of their produce ever got into the Herd Books.

To show even Colling’s estimate of the value of the “Alloys,” he
never put Grandson of Bolingbroke to any superior cow, except
Phoenix, the dam of Lady (and probably would not have used him
with fer, if she would have bred to his other bulls, which she would not).
Nor did he use any Alloy bull, except Lady’s first calf, Washington
(694). He only put him one season, to three or four cows, and they
produced nothing of any prominent value. “The Alloy blood was
confined to Lady, her daughters, and the produce of her daughters;
nor did he suffer it to run into any other of his choice tribes. The
Alloys were deficient in milk, which always kept them in good con-
dition, and being round and plump in form, with fine hair, those
qualities, in spite of their slight fraction of Galloway blood, while
their Short-horn blood being of the very best, sold them so well.
Nor were the prices the Alloy family brought equal to some other
families. ‘The Alloys averaged about 160 guineas; the Phoenix fam-
ily, including Comet, 491 guineas (without Comet, 237 guineas);
and the Daisy family 175 guineas.” The best breeders did not touch
the Alloys.

Berry winds up his account with a triumphant flourish over this
final sale of Charles Colling, in which the Alloys sold at such good
prices, and as a consequence, claimed that the Galloway cross was
an actual improvement in the original Short-horn blood. But it

68 ' HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

must be remembered that Berry was a partisan, was breeding the
Alloy blood in his own herd, and so states the fact, besides illustrating
one of his Alloy cows by a portrait in the Youatt history. No new
revelations had been made to him of the merits of that blood
since first publishing his pamphlet (ten years previous to his Youatt
story), in which the Galloway is not mentioned. In view of the
whole matter, we are forced to conclude that Berry’s claim of the
Alloy zmprovement on the Short-horn blood and quality, was simply
a fancy of his own. Had Youatt understood the truth of that pre-
tended history and its unfounded assumptions, he would never have
given it a place in his book.

Yet there being no other Short-horn history before the public than
his, and so many years had elapsed since the transaction, it was
widely copied by almost every subsequent writer on Short-horn cattle,
both in England and America, and has been so often repeated in
agricultural periodicals, and other papers, that the great majority of
cattle breeders, on both sides the Atlantic, have, until a recent period,
believed it. There are few well-bred Short-horns now tiving which
have more than a remote dash of the “Alloy” blood in their veins;
and what they possess is so minute in quantity as not to be discov-
erable to their detriment.

We have given more space to this pretended “improvement” than
it deserves, and but for the belief, so generally prevalent, of its truth,
should hardly have mentioned it. Yet, honest history should be
vindicated. It is but candid, however, to say, that in the remote
earlier breeding of the Short-horns, stealthy crosses with other breeds
are known to have been made; but they are now so distant in time,
and as no “improvement” upon the original Short-horn blood has
been claimed for any such possible crosses, they need not be made a
subject of remark. Alien crosses, in ages back, have been traced in
the blood, or turf horse of England, either on the “cold” blooded
native mares of the country, or with selected foreign ones of the
neighboring continent; but so many pure bred crosses of English,
Arabian, or Barb stallions have since intervened, that the well-authen-
ticated pedigrees of modern date are acknowledged by record in the
English Stud Books. And so with all our modern Short-horn cattle
which can trace their pedigrees into the records of the earlier volumes
of the English, and from them into the American Herd Books. All
are “Herd Book” animals; but those who prefer to run pedigrees back
to their remotest sources, will make their selectious of those strains
of blood which best suit their genealogical preferences.

CHARLES COLLING’S FINAL SALE. 69

Animal physiology is so critical, and so subtle a science, and the
laws of descent are so various in their operation, sometimes striking
back into the characteristics of a distant ancestor deficient in good
quality, and reproducing an almost exact likeness, that those who
aim at the highest style of perfection in their animals will scrutinize
closely the strains of blood through which they have descended. We
cannot but consider that Mr. Berry, in his exaltation of the Galloway
cross, has done a decided injury to the Short-horn interest by striv-
ing to inculcate the belief that this noble race may be improved by
crosses outside of their own blood, thus misleading inexperienced
breeders, who, if they practiced on his teaching, would adopt a
wretched system of bastardy to stain the finest breed of cattle which
the world has produced.

CHARLES COLLING’S FINAL SALE OF His HERD.

Tracing the brothers Colling through their breeding career from
the year 1780 to 1810 with Charles, and to 1818 and 1820 with
Robert, a period of thirty years with one, and forty years with the
other, we have witnessed their sagacity in selecting the best stock
obtainable from the herds of the earlier breeders in their vicinity, as
the foundation of their own. They bred and reared them in the best
manner, adopting a system begun by Bakewell, whom they appear to
have taken as a model for their own future practice. Finding it suc-
cessful they then had the enterprise to make the Short-horn race,
previously confined to their own secluded locality, known throughout
the richest agricultural portions of the kingdom; and through ani-
mals of their own breeding, made themselves supposed the leading
or master-spirits in their production. Each had been successful in
his vocation, working in concert, and interchanging, to more or less
extent, their bulls in the service of each other’s herds. They orig-
inated the system of letting bulls for the season to other breeders at
roundly paying prices, and as a consequence sold many of them, as
well as females, at values hitherto unparalleled in amount.

Enjoying the prestige of success and reputation, in the month of
October, 1810, Charles Colling made a public sale of his herd at
Ketton, and retired from breeding. It was then the heyday of
agricultural prosperity in the British Islands. England had engaged
in the continental wars of Europe against the first Napoleon; specie
payments had been many years suspended by her banks, and. at
the national treasury; prices of agricultural produce were highly

7O HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

inflated, and so far as pounds, shillings and pence then rated—
probably quite double to what they were ten years afterwards—the
sums which were bid for his cattle were both unprecedented and
enormous.

The approaching sale was well advertised, and its results marked
an era in Short-horn history. An account of it was given in “The
Times” of Friday, October 19, 1810, as previously stated. It is of
such historical interest, and so many of our modern Short-horns run
their genealogies back into some of the cattle of that sale that the
entire list is quoted. ‘The numbers to the bulls, subsequently inserted
In Voloore Es ile B., are here added. The Alloys are repeated in the
list, and marked thus *:

COWS.

Lot. Guineas.
I, CHERRY, out of Old Cherry, by Favorite (252), 11 years old, dam of Peer-
ess (Lot 3), Mayduke (22), and Ketton (30). Bought by J. D. Nesham,

Haughton-le-Spring, Durham. Bulled by Comet.................. 83
2. KATE, 4 years old, by Comet. J. Hunt, Morton, Durham. Bulled by

Mayle: cen iva atirsessrsrielaiel stateia ais torte) of aegstavs terete are ee Ree ne ea 35
3. PEERESS, 5 years old, out of Cherry, by Favorite; dam of Cecil (36).

Major B. Rudd, Marton Lodge, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet....... 170

4. COUNTESS,* g years old, out of Lady, by Cupid; dam of Selina (5), Cora
(12), Young Favorite (31), Young Countess (40). Major B. Rudd.

BullledvbyiCometie revises tress cusuctal vencrere a netics ieregs csirerat eye ane 400
5. SELINA,* out of Countess, by Favorite, 5 years old. Sir H. C. Ibbotson,

Bart.,. Denton Park, Yorkshire. Bulled’by Petrarch. 27.20.2000. 52. 200
6. JOHANNA, out of Johanna, by Favorite, 4 years old. H. Witham, Cliff

Hall Viorkshires) sbulledibysPetrarchyarimenieice cee einem ee 130

7. LApy,* out of Old Phoenix, by Grandson of Bolingbroke (280), 14 years
old; dam of Countess (4), Laura (8), Major (21), and George (32). C.

Wright, Cleasby, Yorkshire: Bulled ‘by Comet... 0 355..2-.cs sce: 206
8. LAuRA,* out of Lady, by Favorite, 4 years old ; dam of Young Laura (39),
and Lucilla (44). Grant, Wyham, Lincolnshire. Bulled by Comet... 210

g. CATHALENE, out of a daughter of the dam of Phcenix, by Washington
(674), 8 years old; dam of Charlotte (42). G. Coates for G. Parker,

Sutton House, Malton, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet............... I50
10. Lity, out of Daisy, by Comet, 3 years old; dam of White Rose (46).
Major Bikuddss) Bulled@bysMaydulves cistern ice eiserle areata 410

11. Daisy, out of Old Daisy, by a grandson of Favorite, out of Venus, 6

years old; dam of Lily (10), and Sir Dimple (33). Major R. Bower,

Welham, Malton, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet................... 140
12. CORA,* out of Countess, by Favorite, 4 years old ; dam of Alexander (27),

and Calista (45). G. Johnston, Hackness, near Scarborough, York-

shire; Bulledtbyshetrarch a4.) .en creer eee eee eee 70
13. BEAUTY, out of Miss Washington, by Marske (417), (a son of Favorite)

4 years old; dam of Albion (35). C. Wright. Bulled by Comet..... 120

CHARLES COLLING’S FINAL SALE. 71

Lot. Guineas.
14. Rep Ross, out of Eliza, by Comet, 4 years old; dam of Harold (29).

W. C. Fenton, Lovison, near Doncaster. Bulled by Mayduke....... 45
15. FLORA, 3 years old, by Comet ; dam of Narcissus (34). R. Mowbray for

the Earl of Lonsdale. Bulled by Mayduke....................... 70
16. Miss PEGGY, 3 years old, by a son of Favorite (253). Hill for Oliver

Gascoigne, Parlington, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet............... 60

17. MAGDALENE, 3 years old, by Comet, out of a heifer, by Washington ;
dam of Ossian (28). C. Champion, Blyth, near Doncaster. Bulled

ly? COME coc cuooducoabnbadobas Srofelhoreletal etal eloielevolevatetsial« Sc00006 relent O)
BULLS.
18. CoMET (155), 6 years old, out of Phoenix. Wetherell, Trotter, Wright,
and Charge, near Darlington. Got by Favorite.................05- 1000
Ig. YARBOROUGH (705), 9 years old, out of a daughter of Favorite. Greg-
son, Low Linn, Northumberland. Got by Cupid.................. 55

20. CupipD (177), 11 years old, out of Venus, by a son of Favorite. Being
rather lame was not offered for sale.

21. MAjor* (397), 3 years old, out of Lady. Grant. Got by Comet........ 200

22. MAYDUKE (424), 3 years old, out of Cherry. Smithson. Got by Comet. 145

23. PETRARCH (488), 2 years old, out of Venus, Major B. Rudd. Got by

Comety. 2. Be Vee Re ueisicken nics cvavelerauevercispeisioysiayere sie) sin e\sccis a aiwivane savers 365
24. NORTHUMBERLAND (464), 2 years old, out of a daughter of Favorite.
Buston, Cotham Stob, Durham. Got by Comet.................... 80
25. ALFRED (23), I year old, out of Venus. Thomas Robinson, Acklam,
Mores enmn Goby byl © OMet Nay. vec sie cielo) cveiVelclotere sisisieisicra) resievene wicve Wc 110
26. DUKE (226), I year old, out of Duchess. Anthony Compton, Carham
FallNorthumberland.) |\Gotibys Comets ora siecyoree)s s/s <)-Toeiei ote sieke =e 105

27. ALEXANDER® (22), 1 year old, out of Cora. W.C. Fenton. Got by Comet. 63
28. OssIAN (476), I year old, out of Magdalene. R. Mowbray for the Earl

Ofelbousdalem Got byaVvindson (O98) sree cecle ceiseiceiicieite ici esiere cic 76
29. HAROLD (290), I year old, out of Red Rose. Sir Lambton Loraine,
Bart., Kirk Harle, Northumberland. Got by Windsor............. 50

BULL CALVES, NOT ONE YEAR OLD.

30. KETTON (346), out of Cherry. Major R. Bower. Got by Comet....... 50
31. YOUNG FAvoRITE* (254), out of Countess. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Lin-
Colnshinetyy Gob by Comets (e271 oreicjeisi-lsoletai aici) siatehausion, ararsteke edaistsre eels 40
32. GEORGE (276),* out of Lady. Walker, Rotherham, Yorkshire. Got by
GOMER Saya store ee rayalein soi, ssisl s vince visio arcleveus late eps Asters eieyabelele ste cracsteiews ole 130
33. Str DIMPLE (594), out of Daisy. T. Lax, Ravensworth, Yorkshire. Got
Biya COMEeratveteyaravotestel sicherst cer ove rorsiiol a cleltorsierer ene ataiet tale alles shevsisfses retavel one go

34. Narcissus (447), out of Flora. C. Wright, Cleasby. Got by Comet. .. 15
35. ALBION (14), out of Beauty. T. Booth, Killerby, Durham. Got by
(CON AS Beni GOESG.OG GAs CREO EOORCIO GEOG CC RCI fs Sanst Aaveee 60
36. CECIL (120), out of Peeress. H. Strickland, Boynton, Yorkshire. Got
Dy ACOCAG UBG.UA bu Ac DO Gb CHIC ODUST OCOD TOO LE Cbd Str old caeeiecee roca 170

72 His LORY. OF, Whb SE OiRuy—EtOsRIN | Se

HEIFERS.

Lot. Guineas.
37. PH@BE, 3 years old, by Comet, dam by Favorite. Sir H. C. Ibbotson,

Barta pbulledtbyiassongots Come ter tore ener eae ninor 105
38. YounG DucHEss, 2 years old, by Comet, dam by Favorite. T. Bates,

Halton Castle, Northumberland. Bulled by a son of Comet......... 183
39. YounG LAurA,* 2 years old, by Comet, out of Laura. R. Mowbray for

the Parlvorlvonsdaleya Bulled by;Comet eee meen te ence ee IO
40. YOUNG COUNTESS,* 2 years old, by Comet, out of Countess. Sir H. C.

Ebbotson Barty bulledsbyaCometiyens ce ees re Gee 206
41. Lucy, 2 years old, by Comet, dam by Washington. C. Wright. Bulled

NA COST nt acs aes ioe ro BUC MIa rode Oa Une Enns sia here enna 132
42. CHARLOTTE, I year old, by Comet, out of Cathalene. T. Sale for R.

Colling, Barmpton, Durham. Bulled by Petrarch.................. 136
43. JOHANNA, I year old, by Comet, out of Johanna. George Johnston.

Bulled#bysBetrarchaney sects cicares sepeveusetae oy nice ews irate eee pr geet ie 35

HEIFER CALVES.

44, SLUCIDEA,*foutrofmaura: | sGrantiaiGot by Comets deen ar eisee ee 106
45. CALISTA,™ out of Cora. Sir H.V. Tempest, Wynyard, Durham. Got by
Gomme biecy racwiedevasie ovate che dap swer Tacs aes Gp ane Ree ere ee ear eae 50
46. WHITE Rosg, out of Lily. H. Strickland, Boynton. Got by Yarbro’. 75
47. Rusy, out of Red Rose. Major R. Bower. Got by Yarbro’.......... 50
48. CowsLip. R. Mowbray for the Earl of Lonsdale. Got by Comet...... 25
SUMMARY.

29 Cows and Heifers, average,.......... YBUNO) dish Ghali gdu066 £4066 13s.

18 Bulls and Calves, Picts store ctranteyetane GIG) 18). HOs ssanoos 3049 4

47 averaged #151 8s, Kd. Total, L7U5 17

The guinea is 21 shillings sterling; and by calculating the pound
sterling (20s.) at 45, the sum in dollars which each animal sold for
can be easily ascertained.

It will here be seen that three-fourths of the 48 cattle enumerated
were got by the bulls Favorite (252), and Comet (155) his son; and
the other fourth by bulis of their get, and a large majority of the cows
were in calf to Comet, which fact, undoubtedly—so high was the rep-
utation of the bull—added much to their prices, notwithstanding
any prejudices existing against their intense in-and-in breeding.

We quote still further remarks relative to the sale from Thornton’s
Circular, of April, 1869:

“The sale was on a fine October day, and early in the morning
people rode and drove to Ketton, leaving their horses and gigs at the
adjoining farms; all the strawyards were full, and the throng at the

CHARLES COLLING’S FINAL SALE. 73

sale immense; everything was eaten up, so that bread had to be sent
for into Darlington. Mr. Kingston, the auctioneer, sold the cattle by
the sand-glass, and in accordance with the custom of the time received
about five guineas for the business, the work of the sale falling more
on the owner than the auctioneer. The cattle were not fed up for
the sale, but kept naturally, and sold when they were in great condi-
tion from natural keep.

“The Ketton stock at this time is described by Mr. Wright as of
great size and substance, with fine, long hind quarters; the space from
the hip to the rib was long and counteracted by a broad back and high,
round ribs. The shoulders of the males were upright, and the
knuckles, or shoulder points, large and coarse—a defect not so appa-
rent in the females. The general contour, or side view, was stately
and imposing, but their great superiority consisted in their extraor-
dinary inclination to fatten. On handling, the skin was loose and
pliant, and the feel under it remarkably mellow and kind. ‘The color
was greatly varied; red, red and white, roan, and also white being
found in the same kindred; while in all cases of close affinity there
was a tendency to white, with red ears and spots.

“Many of the cows were excellent milkers, giving twelve full quarts
at a meal. Cherry, the first lot, was one of them, a plain cow in
color, red and a little white, whose descendants are now in exist-
ence in the neighborhood of Stockton-on-Tees and Malton, Yorks.
Countess [Alloy] was undoubtedly the finest cow in the sale, but she
wanted hair and milk; in character she came nearest to Mason’s
style, and her back and belly formed parallel lines. She produced
three heifers and the bull Constellation (163), in Major Rudd’s pos-
session, and died in 1816. Selina [Alloy] had the style of her dam
Countess, but not her magnificent appearance; she bred ten calves
at Denton Park, and her descendants in the ninth and tenth genera-
tions are still in existence at Siddington, Gloucestershire. Lady
lacked elegance, but had great substance and good hair; in color she
was red and white.

“Lily, pure bred, sold to Major Rudd for 400 guineas ($2,152), a
splendid white cow, was the highest priced female, but did nothing in
Major Rudd’s possession. Daisy, a small roan cow, but a grand
milker, was most fruitful with Major Bower; her dam, Old Daisy, who
gave thirty-two quarts of milk a day, had been sold to Mr. Hustler,
who bred Fairy from her, the ancestress of Rev. J. D. Jefferson’s
Lady Abbesses. This Fairy was afterwards bought by Mr. Bates,
who reckoned her to be the finest specimen of quality imaginable ;

74. HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

she had a long, thick, downy coat, with a superb flesh underneath,
which, to a superficial observer, appeared hard, the cow being in
a rapidly advancing condition. Cora [Alloy], out of the 400 gs.
($2,000) Countess, had a pretty red frame, but ugly cock horns, and
was re-sold to Major Bower, who bred ten calves from her. Magda-
lene was a little red cow, with a large bag and belly and short
quarters; although the dam of the celebrated red and white bull,
Blyth Comet (85), her only produce besides Ossian (476); she was
not first rate and wanted hair, yet when dry had a great propensity
to feed.

“The only cow that Charles Colling reserved was Magdalena [by
Comet, dam by Cupid], a great favorite and an extraordinary milker,
giving sixteen quarts ¢wéce a day. Mr. Whitaker prevailed upon
Charles Colling to let him have her; the numerous and well known
‘Chaff’ tribe is descended from this cow.

“Comet (155) was the great attraction of the sale, and his close
breeding [by Favorite (252), dam by Favorite (252), out of Favorite’s
(252) dam], did not detract from his value or appearance. Charles
Colling declared him to be the best bull he ever bred or saw. He
was a beautiful light roan, dark [red] neck, with a fine masculine
head, broad and deep breast, shoulders well laid back, crops and
loins good, hind quarters long, straight, and well packed, thighs thick,
twist full and well let down, with nice straight hocks and hind legs.
He had fair sized horns, ears large and hairy, and a grandeur of style
and carriage that was indescribable.* It was admitted that no bull
so good had ever before been seen, and eminent breeders have since said
that they never again saw his equal. In one point, however, opinions
differed. Some few objected to his shoulders as not being good, or a
little too strong in the knuckles; others asserted that he was there, as
in every other point, faultless. The near shoulder was slightly shrunk
in, apparently diseased, which may have arisen from a violent sprain
that he received when a calf. When brought into the ring, he was
put up at 600 guineas. Thomas Newton, a small dairyman at Bishop
Auckland, bid 850 guineas, and Mr. John Wright, standing beside
him, asked why he bid? ‘To take in cows at a good profit,’ said he,
and whilst talking the glass} run out at 1000 guineas ($5,000). Mr.
John Hutton, of Marske, who was unable to get to the sale, bid 1600

* Comet’s portrait is represented in frontispiece of 3d volume American Herd Book.—L. F. A.

+ In those days it was a rule with the English stock auctioneers to sell by the hour or minute
glass—an article now little known. A given number of minutes was allowed for the bidding, and
when the sand run out the article on sale was struck off.—L. F. A.

Page 74. COMET. (155).

Hard salt AP TR

s cer i.)
fi? PANS Gas

CHARLES COLLING’S FINAL SALE. 75

guineas for lim, as well as Sir H. Vane Tempest, who was delayed,
and drove up just as the sale was finishing. Comet was located at
Cleasby, three miles from Darlington, and was kept in a small pad-
dock, with a loose box in the corner. The condition of purchase
was that the four buyers should send twelve cows each annually to
him, and Mr. Wright was to have one extra for his keep. Mr. Wright
died in the meantime, and Comet gradually sank, his body breaking
out into sores. Remus (550) is supposed to have been his last calf.
Miss Wright kept a man expressly to attend to Comet, and when the
bull died he was buried in the center of the paddock, and a chestnut
tree planted on his grave. The paddock is known as ‘Comet’s garth’
[enclosure] to this day. Mr. Thornton, of Stapleton, purchased this
field, and the tree having grown to an enormous size, was grubbed up
on the 3d of February, 1865, and Comet’s skeleton laid bare; his rib
bone measured 2 feet 1 inch, and the leg bone, knee to ankle joint, g
inches to 5 inches circumference. Many of the other bones were
quite perfect, and the whole are preserved in a glass case as a curi-
osity at Stapleton, near Darlington.

“North Star (458), own brother to Comet, and a year younger, was
used and died at General Simpson’s in Fifeshire ; he was a little lighter
in color, but fully as fine in quality, or perhaps rather thicker, though
not such a perfectly elegant animal as Comet. Young Pheenix, their
dam, only produced one other calf, a heifer, that died young.

“ Major (397), a nice bull, but not particularly handsome, and of a
red and white color, begot much good stock in Lincolnshire for many
years. He was hired by Mr. John Charge, who bred Western Comet
(689) by him, out of Gentle Kitty. Western Comet was acknowl-
edged to be the best bull and finest stock getter ever brought into
Cumberland. He was used to his daughters and granddaughters,
and from this close alliance came the Wharfdale tribe, recently so
successful in Ireland. Petrarch (488) was a splendid looking bull,
but wanted hair, whilst Northumberland (464), who had big knuckles,
was used, like Ossian (476) in Westmoreland, for several seasons,
both becoming celebrated sires. Ketton (346) also showed strong
knuckles, and eventually went into Nottinghamshire. Albion (14) is
said to have done more good than any other bull used at Killerby
[Thomas Booth’s]. Young Duchess, known afterwards as Duchess
1st [bought by Thomas Bates], was a fine red heifer, and developed
into a large, handsome cow, with a good deal of the elegance and
style of her sire Comet. She was never quite so splendid an animal

76 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

as her granddam the Duchess,* by the Daisy Bull (186). Young
Countess, a thick, stylish, red heifer, was re-sold to Mr. Earnshaw,
and produced three calves, twin bulls, one of which was the cele-
brated bull Count (170), and a red and white heifer. She died from
a broken blood vessel in 1814.”

In regard to floating rumors that Charles Colling had made use of
Kyloe blood in his herd, Colling himself, in a private letter to the
Rev. Henry Berry stated, “‘that Hutchinson was egregiously wrong in
charging the Collings with an indiscriminate use of Kyloe blood.’
George Coates declared unequivocally that he never observed any-
thing in that stock designated pure Short-horns, that could induce
him for a moment to entertain a suspicion that the animals were
nearly or remotely allied to the Kyloe. Mr. Charge, as well as Mr.
Coates and C. Colling, always deemed Hubback (319) a pure Short-
horn; and neither he nor his descendants, when put on cows of the
pure blood, begot any calves which denoted, in their features or
color, any other breed than the pure Short-horn. His stock had
capacious chests, prominent bosoms, thick mossy coats, mellow skins,
with a great deal of fine flesh spread equally over the whole carcass,
and were either red and white, yellow roans, or white. The produce
of the Alloy blood ¢ increased in size, rotundity, and heavy flesh, but
afterwards seemed to lose their fine hair and milking properties. The
highest priced cows at the sale were those in the highest condition,
and they were mostly of the Alloy blood.”

That sale finished the vocation of Charles Colling as a Short-horn
breeder. He lived in retirement twenty-six years afterwards, and
died in the year 1836, at the patriarchal age of 85 years, leaving
no children.

ROBERT COLLING’S SALE OF 1818.

Eight years after the sale of Charles’ herd, Robert Colling, in the
year 1818, made a partial sale of his herd, and in 1820 the closing
sale, which finished his career as a breeder. At the time of his first
sale in 1818, he had been before the public as a leading and prom-
inent breeder thirty-eight years, and at his final sale in 1820, forty
years. During all that time, like his brother Charles, he had been a
large seller of stock as well as considerable purchaser. He sold his
surplus animals to other breeders, through which the blood of many

* Frontispiece to Cows, Vol. 3, American Herd Book.—L. F. A.
+ These were all by thorough-bred bulls.—L. F. A.

ROBERT COLLING’S SALE. 77

of his best animals were imparted to their herds, since become
famous. Like his brother Charles, wherever he had found a wed/-
bred female whose superior good qualities pleased him, if it were pos-
sible, he also availed himself, by purchase, of her merits.

As with the sale of Charles in 1810, the widely advertised first sale
of Robert in 1818, with a greater number of animals, brought a large
attendance of the most spirited breeders of England. It took place
on the 29th and 30th days of September. The following account of
the sale is given:

COWS.
Lot. Guineas.

I, RED Rose, 17 years old, by Favorite (252), dam by Ben (70), gr. d. by
Foljambe, g. gr. d. by Hubback. MHaving a complaint upon her, was
not offered for sale.

2. Moss Ross, 11 years old, by Favorite, dam lot 1. Being not likely to
breed again, was not offered for sale.

3. JUNO, 11 years old, by Favorite, dam Wildair by Favorite, gr. d. by Ben,
g. gr. d. by Hubback, g. g. gr. d. by sire of Hubback, g. g. g. gr. d.
by Sir James Pennyman’s bull, descended from the stock of the late
Sir W. St. Quintin, of Scampston. Bought by the Hon. J. B. Simpson,

Babworth, Nottinghamshire. Bulled by Lancaster (360)............ 78
4. DIANA, own sister to lot 3. Lord Althorp, Wiseton, Nottinghamshire,

afterwards Earl Spencer. Bulled by Lancaster...................- 73
5. SALLY, II years old, by Favorite, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite.

Wien SEDID HS ISH ey ECLCCSLCUSMINC ss telemieyelel ote loiaks so solsiellaicisie)sie)sis\ exe oi) ore 34

6. CHARLOTTE, g years old, by Comet (155), dam (Cathalene). Bought at

the Ketton sale. F. Brown, Welbourn, Grantham, Lincolnshire.
isinillee! ox7 Wiha GACH) cadens bbecoodecodosouooded soe oudapuEaods 50

7. WILDAIR, 6 years old, by George (275), dam Wildair by Favorite. Sister

to lot 3. C. Duncombe, Duncombe Park, Yorks, afterwards Lord
ieverlienn 1snileel joy7 UameAiSe be neaouceeodoceonoboncacndaKe6C 176

8. LILY, 6 years old, by North Star (459), dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favor-

ite, g. gr. d. by Favorite. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Lincolnshire.
IBIMeds bys Wan Casters apelacisic atatavectol nec 1e)oiels info) oiefaieneia|orstetreicteisrel avs © sie 66

g. GOLDEN Pippin, 6 years old, by North Star, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by

Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favorite, from the cow that obtained the first

premium given at Darlington. W. Cattle (re-sold to Whitaker,
Greenholme@tley)s Bulled: by Lancastersan «cc.eisielcleiejc 4)+ «1c: senieloi= 141

10. BLACKWELL, 6 years old, by Wellington (680), descended from the stock

of the late Mr. Hill. T. Hopper, Sherburn, Durham. Bulled by
WEAN CASTER: hc cies tafetfetacelelcfeterwecsclote s eiaislases ate euetete tsic lols s cleieks ere aceine 506 31

11, TULIP, 6 years old, by George, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite, g. gr.

d. by Favorite. C. Tibbets. Barton Seagrave, Northamptonshire.
Bulled by Barmpton (54) serine oe SLepcVen ches Sin¥ Shs chavs cab ovedaroltare tees 70

78 HISTORY: OF (RHE? SH ORG- ORNS:

Lot. - Guineas.
12. TRINKET, 6 years old, by Barmpton, dam by Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favor-

ites WV Smiths bulledMby MWancaster vrei cur steiisieienstousl sletereieuelanes 143
13. MAry ANNE, 6 years old, by George, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Punch.

Wie Smith Bulled sy wMidasiyectjctrrecevensies sleteeherresterctorietetcrena te clei 62
14. LouisA, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite.

iW. Smiths)7 Bullediwbyeicancasters tn ciecterster eaves ei siercece eine eioietenc aerate 37
15. EMPRESS, 5 years old, by Barmpton, dam Lady Grace, by Favorite. C.

Champion, Blyth, Nottinghamshire. Bulled by Lancaster........... 210
16. CAROLINE, 5 years old, by Minor (441), dam (Wildair) by Favorite. H.

Witham, Lartington, Yorks, Bulled by Lancaster. ...........0200% 160

17. CLARISSA, 4 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favor-
ite, g. gr. d. by Favorite. T. Robson, Holtby (re-sold to Right Hon.
C. Arbuthnot, Woodford Lodge, Northamptonshire). Bulled by Lan-

GAGE Sooo ba odo odoUN Udo deo dD OOeObaURg dob OUUdU OD OU GOCODUUduaOOND I51
18. YouNG Moss Roskg, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam (2). C. Duncombe.
BulledubyaWancas ters oii) derotettteteleva teh stexcticrele caer ereiitcrere rere 190

Ig. VENUS, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by George, gr. d. by Favorite,
g. gr. d. by Punch (531), from a sister to the dam of the White Heifer

that Traveled. Hon. J. B. Simpson. Bulled by Lancaster.......... 195
20. ROSETTE, 4 years old, by Wellington, dam (1). Lord Althorp. Bulled

by Man casters mr reretictvercusloieisnericriernethsilertevioksteiMcnerieneierine lice tea 300
21. YOUNG CHARLOTTE, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam (6). R. Thomas,

Bryholme, Durham: . Bulledibyslancaster: ames epi ceil eee 72

22, VESPER, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite.
Dam sister to Trinket’s dam. J. White, Coates, Leicestershire.

Bullediby wWeancasterts-s.scnicistasiajcrsctreters swerve cee Ree rerniere eee ee III
23. NONPAREIL, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam (3). Lord Althorp. Bulled

byalbancasters tra ses nme raease lelcberennove ner «iors reen olor mene tee oe Eee 370
24. Daisy, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. Hon. J. B. Simp-

sony) BullediibyalWancaster: ane emer eee han eee eee 32

25. KATE, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Phenomenon (491), gr. d. by
Favorite. HH. Witham, Cliff Hall, Yorkshire. Bulled by Lancaster. 50
26. AMELIA, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam by North Star, gr. d. by Favor-
ite, g. gr. d. by Punch. J. C. Maynard, Harsley Hall, Yorkshire.

Bulledby, Barmptom ioe scteiere mucreryeierseosciecievors ieee econ ome esmetci 76
27. AURORA, twin sister to 26. W. Smith. Bulled by Barmpton........ 78
28. PRINCESS, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam (g). P. Skipworth. Bulled i

BENING oso Gcdg0du0 do oo Ud db aon DOR OOOO d dod dOOnEOODU UO de DUDS 156
29. CLARA, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam (19). R. Thomas. Bulled by

IBEIGTN OWNS 5 UdadauoEn Adama Gedo doo doeo eC dob odab Ss coo o0 SooDNO ODS IgO
30. FANNY, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam (5). C. Tibbets. Bulled by

IBEHAITIMONG ooadngcooddcudbooe DouS suse doD GO Gee UooUd OKO dDDOO NOC 160
31. WHITE ROSE, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam by Wellington, gr. d. by

Havorite wae smith Bulledsby Barmptoms cer tie eerie cementite sss 51

32. RUBY, 2 years old, by eae dam (1). T. Robson. Bulled by
Wan Casters iatare ccveierersercuere Gua cee crease euaieenaye Merietereteielclsiohetetote : 331

ROBERT COLLING’S SALE. 79

Guineas,

. LAVINIA, 2 years, by Lancaster, dam (18). T. Robson. Bulled by

[SHITDICT As «5 GooGnabo cop bc Ooo Odtioaoon obo DOOamn HOU Oud coueOO 105

. HEBE, 2 years old, by Jupiter (345), dam (8). J. Thompson, Scremers-

ton, Berwick-on-Tweed. Bulled by Barmpton.................... go

. Jessy, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam from the stock of the late Mr.

Hill. J. Hutchinson, Stockton-on-Tees. Bulled by Barmpton...... 43

. JEWEL, 2 years old, twin sister to 35. F. Brown. Bulled by Lancaster. 50

HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES.

37. VIOLET, by North Star, dam by Midas, gr. d. by Punch. P. Skipworth. 48
38. SWEETBRIER, by North Star, dam (23). J.C. Maynard............... 145
39. SNowprRopP, by Wellington, dam (11). Thompson, Stockton, Durham... 71
40. Cows tir, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Punch. Leighton,

INjoraday \adbbbovelehey, 1eihyoksavicss oo coogadosboc au een oo nT Cano cdone 54
41. Lapy ANN, by Wellington, dam by George, gr. d. (3). W. Wetherell,

FLOM GE ELOUSC pO ArT CLO Me pacvepolelkeiateletel ol -tvolala)ske) oka tea) suelo, <Telaleyalelsia eke 100
FOMHLORA bY lancaster, dam! (5). Ji, Lhompsons. = eel <e.2 epee, ers = a 47
43. CLEOPATRA, by Lancaster, dam by George, gr. d. by Favorite, g. gr. d.

PSvam latin c ame Vie VW CUDOLELL. noice ers custereacietate\sjaisicpalsyelehe of oles) 3) seeuesolejovescelale 133

. ResTLess, by Lancaster, dam (17); calved Sept. 26, 1817. T. Robson. 52
. A HeIrer, by Lancaster, dam (12); calved 28th October. S. Wiley,

Pau DY MOLES Cs ctoyehe.-.evevelcne!s! elevaiie! cisiarsisis| ye) aie siete sheisteiesSiei-sysususiagers 56

. Miss COLLING, by Wellington, dam by Wellington; calved October 20.

\, Sith seoodd ous oh ouecHo boda 0 Coes Joc diubond ollndboEScunaGaaDe 28

. A RoAN Heirer, by Lancaster, dam (13); calved November 16. W.

Galen (GurAldersonelernybrid ce). teterelciat-) <iobe « ciaiclelsielciaienieracioce 42

. Louisa, by Lancaster, dam (14); calved November 20th. Hon. J. B.

SSN SOM aehedeveteiprehatetoletenerey stot etaretelsletelaiclaretciaiers chstels clersick=iersiers cleric cfetevele 38

. A RED AND WHITE HEIFER, by Barmpton, dam (15). C. Champion... 100
. Rosrna, by Barmpton, dam (20). T. Robson for C. Arbuthnot......... 123
. LAurA, by Barmpton, dam (6). Major B. Rudd, Marton Lodge, York-

SUaUU Ceperver ey bec cicls ae ehater shal. clclataat Sal eiel wie wo Site Aloe Saletan ee Bere ees AUB, 55

. BARMPTON TRINKET, by Barmpton, dam (12). Hon. J. B. Simpson.... 110
. AMELIA, by Barmpton, dam by Cleveland (144), gr. d. by Comet, g. gr. d.

Epa AVOUILCa ems NVLICE arate oleteisia s e.ata\ vie oie o/s 2.0/0) hele olavatebar siete ape n eeae 80

BULLS.

. MARSKE (418), 12 years old, by Favorite, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by

Favorite, g. gr. d. by Punch, g. g. gr. d. by Hubback, g. g. g. gr. d. by
the sire of Hubback, g. g. g. g. gr. d. by Sir James Pennyman’s bull,
descended from the stock of the late Sir W. St. Quintin, of Scampston.

Sg Seeley aur atrsca stauay cx alatter hole la) al sialeheseih en orreiates stotalche chskoytiaietaneievaravsiata ate 50
. Nort STAr (459), 11 years old, by Favorite, dam Yellow Cow, by Punch.

sala, Ravens worth WOLKSHITe Meas, seen Cree e teeterstelanenelaun ite. ednls 72
. MipDAs (435), Io years old, by Phenomenon, dam (1). S, Wiley......... 270

rye) IBLE Ay OMRON Oa AMIEL 13, SislO)IN Ws St(O) RUIN] Sy

Lot. Guineas.

57. BARMPTON (54), 8 years old, by George, dam (2). Being lame was not sold.
58. MAJor (398), 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Phenomenon, gr. d. by

Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favorite. W. Brooks, Laceby, Lincolnshire. ...
59. LANCASTER (360), 4 years old, by Wellington, dam (2). Hon. J.B Simp-

SonMandawWenomi th yetrersprtystdssi-feveleieicielssveres ciclekenseretenieteresiaeretseysiere
60. BARONET (62), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam (1). Being engaged, was
not put up.
61. REGENT (544), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam Rosebud, by Windsor,
Hee (i). WeyRal: ANNO, Soooooodscsbos00dbOGUOD OUD SOOO UdGOOSNS

BULL CALVES.

62. DIAMOND (206), I year old, by Lancaster, dam (19). Donaldson, Har-
burn vELosestD urharmiters naretelestretele ore eieteheie ccorere chars clonencaekonetepeaeton:
63. ALBION (17), rising I year old, by Lancaster, dam by Wellington, gr. d.
by Favorite, g. gr. d. by a son of Favorite. Russell, Brancepeth Cas-

tlev sD rirhvamn ssi, sierele iste close cpolenslevensteteleh score <iovcisiovetelenel stele yous revoreacrserenelone
64. HAROLD (291), rising I year old, by Wellington, dam (7). J. Whitaker,
Greenholmey Otley sViorkssiprncemrcicl icteric cro cio:
65. PILoT (496), rising I year old, by either Major or Wellington (being bulled
by; both) idam<(«)5"3)-) Booth, Kallerby, Workshinestw-v- recom sits
SUMMARY.
BT iCows anda rleiters averages elt eteleyslelens Ail 13s. od. £5694 3s.
TOPBullsrandyBulliCalves ay mu letleteyalstederenalers opty It7fs | 2158 16
61 averaged £128 14s. gd. Total, £7852 19

ROBERT COLLING’S CLOSING SALE IN 1820.

185

621

145

102

The final closing sale of Robert Colling was made on October 34d,
1820, and like that of 1818, attracted wide attention. The account

of it is thus given:

COWS.

Lot. Guineas.

I, SNOWDROP, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. G. Alderson,
Herny bridge. sBulledsbysBarmptonsapiertroistelicyeilererieioleriscle ericson: 20

2. OLD DINSDALE, Io years old, by Phenomenon, dam by Favorite. J.
Hepworth, Rogerthorpe, Pontefract, Yorks. Bulled by Barmpton.... 27

3. YOUNG DINSDALE, 6 years old, by Wellington, dam lot 2. W. Asheton,
Brandon House, Coventry, Warwickshire. Bulled by Adonis (8)..... 54

4. CRYSTAL, 5 years old, by Cleveland, dam by Comet, gr. d. by Favorite.

R. Dobson, Bishop Auckland, Durham. Bulled by Young Lancaster ~*

(GO) da odudoouoe dodo bana od oDODOU OO an boo DODD OHH O OUD S DODO OODOS 42

5. LADY, 4 years old, by Wellington. S. Wiley, Brandsby, York. Bulled
26

[o}7 IBAAU WONG Ga dcoodcodusagoudodCoNoonD ADDO dud UEMDOGDHoOOOD00

ROBERT COLLING’S CLOSING SALE. 8I
Lot. Guineas.

6. PoMoNA, 6 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. J. G. Dixon,
Holton-le-Moor, Lincolnshire. Bulled by Barmpton............... 27

7. CICELY, 12 years old, by Favorite, dam by Punch. W. Smith, Dishley,
Wercestersnire. Bulled by Barmpton: of. <\-)5... 1. oe = ajslecie mp aie aleleiole 22

8. CHERRY, 5 years old, bought of G. Coates, near Darlington. R. Fletcher,
Bixrdonvorkshire. ‘Bulled by Barmptons oj. c..10c-2j< cleieieise + ores + <hs 22

g. KATE, 3 years old, by Wellington. Major Rudd, Marton, Cleveland.
eC Om Dye ALI LON ee erattols atolvel orale cheat teKa) tel ctalefaslelelepatereiale) leis «1 efter 28

10. WHITE RosE, 5 years old, by Wellington. W. Jobson, Newtown, near
Ghillineham, /Bullediby, Barmptones cre) iele)-)ce)> ajeis'a'« <ieleicieisie cole «ele 51

TI. STRAWBERRY, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. J. G. Dixon,
Holton-le-Moor, Lincolnshire. Bulled by Barmpton............... 30

Lots 12 to 18, inclusive, were Horses.
TWO-YEAR-OLD HEIFERS.

19. Irts, by Barmpton, dam Backwell, lot 10 in the sale catalogue for 1818.
Parepwort, billed by Barmptons 2)5 vc... 2 2 co's wo ciee ewido cacie se 19

20. WILDAIR, by Barmpton, dam Wildair, lot 7 in the sale, 1818. J. Graham,
Netherby, Cumberland. Bulled by Barmpton..................... 35

21. DIANA, by Young Barmpton (55), dam lot 3. P. Skipworth, Aylesby,
iimcolnsties “Bullediiby Barmptons «< oi saves core sistevsics sve cissersicie 51

22. Datsy, by Barmpton, dam Daisy, lot 24 in the sale, 1818. W. Donkin,
Sandhoe, near Hexham. Bulled by Barmpton..................... IOI

23. Lity, by Barmpton, dam Lily, lot 8 in the sale, 1818. G. Alderson,
Hexybridcemubulled bys Barmptons.jere scl. 6 -ie\sfcle/<lofa’nciele/> siele/cle > er 102

24. CAROLINE, calyed in 1817, by Young Barmpton, dam Wildair, lot 7 in

the sale, 1818. Dinning, Newlands, near Belford. Bulled by Barmp-
UGTie cb opho acoso cond Os po Coan dno AO6 do rp oo UsoUCoD GUOUbOOC oor 53

25. DAMSEL, by Barmpton, dam lot 2. R. Jobson, Turvelaws, near Wooler,
Northumberland. ~Bulled) by Barmpton. <6 2 <i). <2 eesiee oc ee cers cis.e 58

26. CouNnTESS, by Barmpton, dam Young Charlotte, lot 21 in the sale, 1818.
Wielobsons billediby barmptons. 3). s1le\sevetois/« o101 «iat eiolasafel sialeislajoicle 68

27. YOUNG NONPAREIL, by Barmpton, dam Nonpareil, lot 23 in the sale,
FSG SUthoe billed sbysBarmp ton... -102\s.« /)/0/esiciesicjs/olelciel-/sjeie I51

28. SALLY, by Alexander. W. Robinson, St. Helens Auckland, Durham.
Bulledap yy BALM PLOM® peed psi syetay siseeeveisycterste reeves: odie clay avsiey o)michaksetere ate) oxe 33

29. Bett, by Major. Henderson, Belford, Northumberland. Bulled by
kine, 4 badd Se kane sen soodooooed Goo ddO OeCOL ONGtapocosd on 16
30. ARABELLA, by Lancaster. Henderson. Bulled by Adonis............. 32

ONE-YEAR-OLD HEIFERS.

31. FLorA, a roan, by Lancaster. R. Ferguson, Harker Lodge, Carlisle... 15
32. Lucy, a roan, by Lancaster, dam by Favorite. Hon. J. B. Simpson. ... 30
33. BETSY, a mottled, by Lancaster. G. Alderson. ..............00c--s0- 14
Me NiARM a white, by Wancaster, > (G. Alderson’ staisc. \«:0's ss s0 2s es,0\s) 0/5 10.0 10”
35. SPRIGHTLY, a light roan. by Lancaster. Dinning. ............eesee00 25

6

82 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

HEIFER CALVES, IN 1820.

Lot. Guineas,
36. Miss COLLING, a roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 6. J. Claridge, Jerveaux
AND LENA MOINS, GoscodbsasonbdooBDGaOdbOROGOUROOCOUdDONdOOdd 19
37. A LicHT ROAN, by Barmpton. Major Rudd............+sseeeeeeeee li
38. BARMPTON STRAWBERRY, a red fleck, calved April 1, by Barmpton, dam
LOE EE. oni e Ba SumpsOmiie eis ste) cielciclers) sherele jeleiel sie (eieleleiclal sicis eleiele 30
39. A ROAN, by Barmpton. W. Harrison, Neasham Lane, near Darlington, 6
40. A ROAN, by Barmpton. Major Rudd.......... sss eee ee eee ee ce ee eee 4s
41. A Licut ROAN, by Barmpton. Major Rudd...........-...2eeeeeeee 4
2. DINSDALE, fleck red and white, by Barmpton, dam lot 2. W. Smith,
DIishley ae repels a ctefete evel etovedsl oles fare iorevonsious foteleuetetsieislouslal-anbeynfesole\cPe\cnotcls 22
43. Miss CoLLine, a light roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 5. 5S, Wiley........ 20
44. A RED RoAn, by Barmpton, dam lot 9. Major Rudd................ 25
45. A FLECK, by Barmpton, dam lot 3. S. Wiley...........--seeeeeeeees 17,
BULLS.
46. BARMPTON (54), Io years old, by George, dam Moss Rose, lot 2 in the

49.

50.

BT

52.

53-

sale, 1818. R. Thomas, Airy Holme, near Darlington.............. II5

. BARONET (62), 5 years old, by Wellington, dam Red Rose, lot 1 in the

sale, 1818. Sir C. Loraine, Bart., Kirk Harle, Northumberland..... 350

. YouNG BARMPTON (55), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam a daughter of

Juno; lot"3) in the) sale, 1818.7) J: Gralamy ee /. e iick2 ia\ejsieie/ehe/suct- <'s) s)he 130

BULLS ONE YEAR OLD.

YouneG LANCASTER (361), by Lancaster, dam lot 3. J. Pearson, Acklam,
Cleveland: oe Nees See US Ge era keene ns lee leyetencne Ine eee nee sien cc arey ae 73
Aponis (8), by Lancaster. H. Vansittart, Kirkleatham, Yorkshire...... 50

BULL CALVES.

A Licut RoAN, by Barmpton, dam lot 4. M. Culley, Fowberry, North-
UnladbbNGl, o\oooadoosdsougdodDo Onde UAH ObOUadD ON DUbOODGOUGOuDO aE 16
EcripsE (238), a light roan, calved in July, 1820, by Barmpton, dam lot
Pre) dhs (Cheeigas, Nite, Werden, sob bacloodedapooooddGqabodsedd 100
A Licut Roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 1. Clayton, Halnaby, Yorkshire. 10
SUMMARY.
38 Cows and Heifers, average,......... 4 36 Ios. 4d. £1387 11s. 6d.
8 Bulls and Calves, Sr at sag ti Ria eels II0 15 6 886 4 oO
46 averaged £409 8s. 7d. Total, Shope) si 6

Total of the two sales, £10,126 14s. 6d. Average of 107 head, £94 12s. Iod.

Following this last sale we find a running summary of Robert

Colling’s herd and breeding in Thornton’s Circular. Although in
some parts it has been already given in previous pages, it is so full

of

connected interest that we insert it entire:

ROBERT COLRLING S CATTLE. 83

“ Robert Colling, the elder of the two brothers, was born at Sker-
ningham, and when a youth was apprenticed to a large grocer; his
health being delicate he returned home and joined his brother Charles
in partnership, until Charles went to Ketton, and Robert took the
Barmpton farm in the spring of 1783, having previously resided at
Hurworth; he often visited Mr. Culley, and imitated many of his
principles of farming, more especially turnip growing, and in later
years his own farming at Barmpton became high and excellent in
every degree. For many years his Leicester sheep, which were
obained from Bakewell, were more successful than his Short-horns,
and his Ram shows or lettings were continued for many years. Mr.
Wiley, of Brandsby, took sheep of him for fourteen years in succes-
sion, and upon one particular occasion asked him what a good
Short-horn should be like. Pointing to one of his finest tups, called
Shoulders (from the excellence of that point), Mr. Colling advised
him to breed his cattle like that. <A favorite expression of his was to
liken his cattle to a barrel; he did not approve of the breast being
yery prominent, preferring it rather short but very thick and wide,
especially between the fore legs, as he generally considered beasts
with very prominent breasts had thin shoulders and chine, and lacked
width and substance in their fore quarters.

“Improved Short-horns, however, did not at first attract his atten-
tion. Sheep were the profit of the farm, and no doubt in later days
the ram lettings led to bull hirings, as they do at Aylesby, at Given-
dale, at Brandsby, and elsewhere, even to this day. Bailey wrote in
1810, after an experience of Durham county for forty years, that
‘Robert Colling has frequently crossed with the improved Short-
horned bulls and the best Kyloe cows he could procure; the produce
made very fat and much earlier than the pure Kyloe; but he has now
given it up, finding that the pure improved Short-horns are more
profitable.’

“Although Mr. Robert Colling had several tribes, and went to
different breeders for his original cattle, yet the majority of those
animals which were sold in the 1818 sale, were descended from four
families, of which some account will now be given.

“Tt appears that some of his earliest stock came from Mr. Milbank
of Barningham, about 1780. ‘These were supposed to be the best
Teeswater cattle, and noted for their excellent grazing properties.
The original of the Yellow Cow, by Punch (531), came from this
stock; and her descendants were Venus, lot 19; Clara, lot 29; and
Diamond (206), lot 62, got by Lancaster (360), out of Venus, all sold

84 HISTORY ORV DLE SHOR f= ORIN Ss;

for high prices in the 1818 sale. Of Diamond, Mr. Dickson in an
essay on judging, said that he was small, of beautiful symmetry, and
a perfect model, with a thick, fine coat. The Yellow Cow, by Punch,
bred a heifer,* by Favorite (252), which heifer was the dam of the
‘White Heifer that Traveled.’ No record gives the date of this
white heifer’s birth (supposed 1806), but the fashion at that time of
feeding to an enormous weight, and the success of John Day in his
wanderings with the Durham Ox, induced two butchers to purchase
her for exhibition. Unlike John Day, they left no pamphlet of the
‘pure genuine breed,’ nor of their travels throughout the country.
A small handbill alone tells of the merits of the White Heifer; it
runs as follows:

“*To be seen at the stables of the Three Kings, Piccadilly, near
the Glo’ster Coffee House, the greatest wonder in the world of the
kind, the wonderful Durham fat heifer, of the improved Short-
horned breed, which weighs 306 stone (8 Ibs.) [2,448 lIbs.], bred
and fed by Robert Colling, of Barmpton, near Darlington, in the
county of Durham. She is sister (half sister by the sire) to the
Durham Ox and bull Comet (155), which was sold for 1000 guineas
at the sale of Charles Colling, Esq., at Ketton, for which 1500 guineas
has since been offered. This heifer is now the property of Messrs.
Robinson and Spark. It is particularly worthy of notice that this
justly-celebrated heifer was a twin. A correct portrait of this beau-
tiful heifer has been taken by Mr. Weaver, of Shrewsbury, from which
an engraving (by Mr. Ward, an eminent artist in London) and prints
taken from it are published at one guinea each.{ Printed by Mr.
Glendon, Rupert street, Haymarket.’

“Mr. Bailey said also, that ‘Mr. Robert Colling has a white heifer,
four years old, a perfect counterpart of his brother Charles’ ox, being,
like him, completely covered over her whole carcass with fat; she is
estimated to weigh 130 stone (14 lbs.), [1820 lbs.] | Mr. Robert Colling
also sold at Darlington Market, April 18, 1808, a two-year-old steer
for £22, supposed to weigh 63 stone (14 lbs.), the price of the fat
stock being 7s. per stone. The Yellow Cow put to Favorite (252),
produced lot 55, North Star (459). At the time of the sale he was
eleven years old, a grand old bull, with fine hair and handling.
Mr. Wetherell used him at Holme House two years, Mr. Wiley had

* Called ‘* Favorite Cow,” recorded p. 310, Vol. 1, English Herd Book.—L. F. A.
+ She was twinned with a bull—a free marten, and of course, barren.—L. F. A.

+ White Heifer’s portrait is frontispiece to Vol. 5, American Herd Book.—L. F. A.

*

THE WHITE HEIFER THAT TRAVELL

EB

D

ve see ;

ROBERT, COLLING S CATTLE. 85

him also for a period at 120 guineas, and Mr. Hustler also. He
was sire of the highest priced heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 60, and of Gol-
den Pippin, lot 9. Venus appears to have bred a bull, Adonis (7),
and a heifer with the Hon. J. B. Simpson, and Clara two bulls—
one of them Eryholme (1018), and a heifer with Mr. Thomas. Sir
H. Vane Tempest bought Tragedy of this tribe privately from Mr.
Robert Colling, and through Sir Charles Knightley’s herd we believe
descendants of this line may still be traced.

“ Another tribe (Wildair or Hubback tribe) came originally from the
stock of Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston. This was a favorite
family with Mr. Robert Colling, who considered (Major Rudd stated)
that this tribe came from the same source as Hubback (319). Juno,
lot 3, and Diana, lot 4, sisters, were of it, also Wildair, lot 7, and
Nonpareil, lot 23, the highest priced cow, a fine roan, considered the
best animal in the sale, and one of the finest cows ever seen. Her
heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 38, bought by Mr. Maynard, was a red and
white, and made the greatest price among the heifers. Marske (418)
was of this family, and although in his twelfth year made 50 guineas.
He had previously been hired by Mr. Hutton, of Marske, whence his
name; by Mr. Bates, and Lord Strathmore. Earl Spencer was not
fortunate with those he purchased, as most of their produce died or
brought bull calves. Nor was the Hon. J. B. Simpson lucky with his.
At Mr. Maynard’s sale in 1839, descendants of Sweetbrier, made the
highest prices. One of them, May Rose (103 guineas), was bought
by Mr. Wetherell for Mr. Fox, Ireland, with whom she bred four
calves, and was purchased in 1841 by Mr. Parkinson, of Ley Fields.
Formosa (38 guineas), out of May Rose’s dam, was bought as a heifer
by Mr. Houldsworth, of Farnsfield, and at his sale in 1841, Mr. Torr
bought her heifer, Flora of Farnsfield, as a yearling, for 41 guineas.
It is from this heifer that the Flower tribe, the finest animals at
Aylesby, are bred, and which trace directly back to this favorite
family of Mr. Robert Colling. Lord Feversham’s Wildair bred one
heifer, Phoenix, and four bulls, amongst them Emperor (1013). At
Barmpton she first produced Caroline, lot 16, and the celebrated bull
Harold (291), lot 64. This bull, a white, was used by Mr. Wiley, and
went to Messrs. Whitaker, Alderson, and Earnshaw. In the 1820 sale
the highest priced female is also of this tribe, viz.: Young Nonpareil,
lot 27, sold for 151 guineas to Mr. W. Smith. She bred three bulls,
and was sold in 1827 to the Earl of Chesterfield. Her son, lot 52,
Eclipse (238), was used by Messrs. Craddock & Charge.

ROBERT COLLING’S CATTLE. 85

him also for a period at 120 guineas, and Mr. Hustler also. He
was sire of the highest priced heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 60, and of Gol-
den Pippin, lot 9. Venus appears to have bred a bull, Adonis (7),
and a heifer with the Hon. J. B. Simpson, and Clara two bulls—
one of them Eryholme (1018), and a heifer with Mr. Thomas. Sir
H. Vane Tempest bought Tragedy of this tribe privately from Mr.
Robert Colling, and through Sir Charles Knightley’s herd we believe
descendants of this line may still be traced.

“ Another tribe (Wildair or Hubback tribe) came originally from the
stock of Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston. This was a favorite
family with Mr. Robert Colling, who considered (Major Rudd stated)
that this tribe came from the same source as Hubback (319). Juno,
lot 3, and Diana, lot 4, sisters, were of it, also Wildair, lot 7, and
Nonpareil, lot 23, the highest priced cow, a fine roan, considered the
best animal in the sale, and one of the finest cows ever seen. Her
heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 38, bought by Mr. Maynard, was a red and
white, and made the greatest price among the heifers. Marske (418)
was of this family, and although in his twelfth year made 50 guineas.
He had previously been hired by Mr. Hutton, of Marske, whence his
name; by Mr. Bates, and Lord Strathmore. Earl Spencer was not
fortunate with those he purchased, as most of their produce died or
brought bull calves. Nor was the Hon. J. B. Simpson lucky with his.
_ At Mr. Maynard’s sale in 1839, descendants of Sweetbrier, made the
highest prices. One of them, May Rose (103 guineas), was bought
by Mr. Wetherell for Mr. Fox, Ireland, with whom she bred four
calves, and was purchased in 1841 by Mr. Parkinson, of Ley Fields.
Formosa (38 guineas), out of May Rose’s dam, was bought as a heifer
by Mr. Houldsworth, of Farnsfield, and at his sale in 1841, Mr. Torr
bought her heifer, Flora of Farnsfield, as a yearling, for 41 guineas.
It is from this heifer that the Flower tribe, the finest animals at
Aylesby, are bred, and which trace directly back to this favorite
family of Mr. Robert Colling. Lord Feversham’s Wildair bred one
heifer, Pheenix, and four bulls, amongst them Emperor (1013). At
Barmpton she first produced Caroline, lot 16, and the celebrated bull
Harold (291), lot 64. This bull, a white, was used by Mr. Wiley, and
went to Messrs. Whitaker, Alderson, and Earnshaw. In the 1820 sale
the highest priced female is also of this tribe, viz.: Young Nonpareil,
lot 27, sold for 151 guineas to Mr. W. Smith. She bred three bulls,
and was sold in 1827 to the Earl of Chesterfield. Her son, lot 52,
Eclipse (238), was used by Messrs. Craddock & Charge.

86 HISTORY. OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“Golden Pippin, lot 9, and Clarissa, lot 17, were evidently from
one tribe (Beauty or Punch tribe); Mr. Colling got it from Mr. G.
Best, of Manfield, and it traces further back: than is stated in the
catalogue. Beauty, who was from the cow that bred Punch (531),
took a first premium at Darlington; her excellence brought Punch
(531), a yellow red bull, into notice. Punch was the sire of the dam
of Charles Colling’s Old Daisy, whose granddaughter, Lily, was the
highest priced cow at the Ketton sale. Also of Ben (70), and Twin
Brother to Ben (660), both used by Mr. Booth. Mr. Robert Colling
said that Ben had the best blood, and he begot the dam of Red Rose,
lot 1, and Old Wildair, own sister to the celebrated bull Phenomenon
(491), used by Sir H. Vane Tempest, and whom Mr. Parrington con-
sidered a finer bull than Comet (155). This line of blood is happily
yet preserved. Mr. Whitaker bred Nonsuch and others from Golden
Pippin; the family then went to Mr. Maynard, from whom it has
passed by various changes, under the name of Nonsuch, to the pres-
ent possessor, Mr. Adkins, of Milcote.

“There is no record from whence the Red Rose®* tribe, lot 1, came.
She was own sister to the American Cow, the first female named in
the now fashionable Cambridge Rose line. It is said that the American
Cow got her name from going out to America early in the century.t
She was bred by R. Colling, and sold by him when a yearling to go to
America. When the stock of Red Rose and Moss Rose became of
such: note she was brought back by Mr. Hustler to England, and
produced at Acklam in 18r1, Red Rose, by Yarborough (705), for
which Mr. Hustler refused 400 guineas, and which Mr. Bates bought
in 1819. At the time of the sale Red Rose, then seventeen years old,
had been a magnificent cow, but was very patchy; she had large
cushions of fat on her rumps, whilst her fore quarters were light.
Moss Rose, lot 2, her daughter by her own sire, was a very good cow,
a handsome roan, very even, wide and massive, of fine symmetry and
quality, but by some thought to be rather small. Red Rose had been
a regular and excellent breeder, more especially of bulls, among
which were Miner (441), used by Lord Strathmore and Mr. Jobling,
with whom he got Wellington (683), Midas (435), lot 56, a great, fine
bull, with hind quarters super-excellent, Baronet (62), lot 60, and
Pilot (496), lot 65, also the granddam of Lord Althorpe’s Regent
(544), lot 61. Of these bulls, Midas (435), had been let to Mr.
Robertson, Ladykirk, for three years at 300 gs., to Mr. Arbuthnot for

* Calved in 1801, English Herd Book, Vol. 1, p. 456.—L. F. A.
+t See page 54, axte.—L. F. A.

ROEDRE COLGIN G'S (CATTLE. 87

two years, at 300 gs., and into Yorkshire, making altogether, in let-
tings and sale, rr00 guineas. Sir W. Cooke bid for him, but Mr.
Wiley bought him for 270 guineas. He died suddenly at Brandsby,
having got only two calves. Mr. Wiley returned to Mr. Colling
greatly disappointed, and asked for the use of Barmpton (54), but
Mr. Colling would not part with him then to anybody, as he consid-
ered him one of the best bulls he ever had. The two calves, how-
ever, turned out to Mr. Wiley a great profit; one was Midas (1230),
and the other the famous Grazier (1085). ‘This bull became a great
celebrity; he was used three years by Sir John Johnstone, who chris-
tened him Grazier on account of his good qualities. Mr. W. Smith,
West Rasen, had him two years, Mr. Slater one year, and Lord
Feversham and the Earl of Carlisle for some time. He then went
home and was used by Mr. Wiley, and afterwards, in his old age, by
Sir John Ramsden, with whom he died in his fourteenth year, and ~
was buried in his skin. He was a fine, massive bull, a dark red, and
a little white in his fore quarters. Baronet (62), also a good bull,
was hired by Sir Charles Loraine, who bought him in 1820, and took
in five cows of Mr. Wetherell’s at 10 guineas ($52) each. Pilot (496)
has been described in Mr. Carr’s History of the Booth Cattle; he
was a red and white, rather a small bull, but of good quality and a
good stock getter. At the time of the sale, Mr. J. G. Dixon and
Major Brown joined purses in order to buy a good bull, and Mr.
Dixon bid from 100 to 250 guineas, at 10 guineas biddings, opposed
by Mr. Thomas Booth, who bought him for 270 guineas ($1,404).
“Red Rose’s daughter, Rosette, lot 20, made 300 guineas, and bred
four heifers, of which there is now no trace. At eleven years old she
was sold at Lord Althorp’s sale in 1825, for 25 guineas. Ruby, lot
32, made the second highest female price, 331 guineas, and went into
Mr. Robson’s large herd, which is said to have contained more grand
cows than any other herd in Lincolnshire. Moss Rose bred four
calves, three bulls—Barmpton (54), Lancaster (360), and one that
died young—and one heifer, lot 18, Young Moss Rose, which went to
Lord Feversham for 190 guineas. She produced one heifer, lot 33,
at Barmpton, which went, with Ruby, lot 32, into Lincolnshire, and
two heifers at Duncombe, from one of which, Beauty, by Baron (38),
we have descendants even now at Stockeld Park. Barmpton (54)
was a small-sized, beautiful roan bull, as neat as his dam, and got
splendid stock; he had a very broad back, fine quarters, but rather
upright shoulders, and most of the heifer calves at both sales were by
him. Mr. John Wright used him two years, first at 60, and then 70

88 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

guineas, and he was also let to Mr. Brooks and Mr. Codd in Lincoln-
shire; his stock were considered to be better than North Star’s (459).
His sire, George (275), was a very magnificent bull, and an excellent
getter; he fell by accident and broke his neck, not before, however,
Mr. Colling had sold privately five out of his six heifers at 200 guineas
each. He was out of Lady Grace, the dam of Empress, lot 15, a
grand animal, and a high priced one; Mr. Champion bought her and |
her daughter, lot 49, but there is none of the tribe left now. Lan-
caster (360) was a white bull, of fine quality, but narrow, thin, lanky,
and small; he was let as a yearling, to Major Rudd, who, at the time
of the sale, had fourteen extraordinary two-year-old heifers, got by
him, in one pasture, which were the talk of the country. This, per-
haps, with the fact of his being from so grand a cow, and having
served all the stock, made him sell so high. Mr. Whitaker was the
chief opponent, and at 620 guineas claimed the bull; the auctioneer,
however, ruled against him, having had another guinea bid by Messrs.
Simpson & Smith. Mr. Whitaker then had Mr. Charge’s bull, Fred-
erick (1060). A rumor was current that Lancaster was delicate and
unhealthy, but he got stock at Dishley till 1827 [then 14 years old],
and at the Hon. H. B. Simpson’s sale in 1838, Mr. White, the auc-
tioneer, alluded to this rumor, and said there were animals ten years
of age before the bull left the farm. Besides the Cambridge Roses
and those at Stockeld Park, we believe there are a very few animals
remaining that can now be traced to this magnificent family.

“The two high priced heifers, lots 41 and 43, bought by Mr.
Wetherell, were unfortunate; when of age they were sent for service
to Mr. Mason’s, at 15 guineas each. Lady Ann died in calf with
twins, and Cleopatra had a heifer calf that never bred; they were
two magnificent heifers. Lot 40, Cowslip, bred a heifer by Ratify
(2481), called Young Cowslip. This heifer was sold to Mr. Dudding,
of Panton, and produced a large family, from which came Mr. Rich’s
Ursula tribe, and many others from the Panton sales.

“Of the other sources whence Mr. Robert Colling derived his
stock, little is known, except that, like Charles, he selected the best
county stock from his neighbors, and occasionally bought at Yarm
fair. Mr. Watson, of Stapleton, Mr. Alexander Hall, of Haughton,
Mr. Wright, and Mr. Best, of Manfield, supplied females, and some
came from Mr. Hill, of Blackwell (see lot 10). It was from this stock
of Mr. Hill’s that Captain Turnell, of Reasby, Lincolnshire, got his first
cattle, which were the originals of the well known and still favorite

HOBERT+COLLING S@CATTLE. 89

red Turnell blood in South Lincolnshire. The following letter from
Mr. Hutchinson relates to lots 35 and 36:

“In October, 1818, when Mr. Robert Colling’s sale catalogue
came out, I was glad to perceive two heifers, Jessy and Jewel (twins) ;
their dam from the stock of the late Mr. Hill, of Blackwell, were
there advertised, got ‘by Wellington (680), and the former in calf to
Barmpton (54), both bulls highly esteemed, and Jessy herself what I
thought an excellent heifer, and the better of the two. My idea was
that this heifer from the Blackwell herd, with only two crosses by the
leading bull of Mr. R. Colling’s, would be a better speculation and
more likely to breed better stock than any cow or heifer of what was
then considered pure blood, all of which had been bred through thick
and thin for countless generations. On Jessy’s coming to the ham-
mer, I became her purchaser at 43 guineas, the very lowest priced
cow that day, excepting a six-year-old cow of the same breed, Old
Blackwell; and Mr. Brown, of Welbourn, Lincolnshire, immediately
after bought Jewel, her twin sister, at 50 guineas. I was well satisfied
with my bargain, and Mr. Brown expressed himself so with his. In
the April following Jessy produced me a heifer calf, very small and
very delicate, which, however, with great care was reared, and is now
the heifer I invite connoisseurs to inspect. She is a wonderful and
beautiful sight, and may safely challenge a comparison for excellence
with the highest priced cows of that day. Jessy has since produced
me two heifers to my own bulls, which promise to make very large,
fine cows, and she is now giving twelve quarts of milk at a meal, six
months after calving.’

“The sale in 1820 contained those Short-horns which were not
in condition for sale in 1818. At this sale, Mr. J. G. Dixon of
Caistor was the purchaser of two lots. Mrs. Charles Colling was
present and told him that Barmpton’s blood should always be kept
sight of, as he was one of their best tribes. Strawberry was intended
for the first sale, but she calved and did not do well, and so was
reserved till 1820. On the long walk home she slipped calf, but bred
well afterwards. Young Strawberry, her daughter, took a prize at
sixteen years old, and lived till she was twenty-seven.* Descendants
of these cows are still in Mr. Dixon’s possession, and their bull pro-
duce has been disseminated among the farmers in Lincolnshire to the
great improvement of the stock in the district.

* Who will say that the Short-horns, as a ace lack either constitution, vitality, fertility in
breeding, or longevity ?—L. F. A.

90 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“ Hubback was one of the first bulls Mr. Robert Colling used, of
which an account is given in the Ketton Short-horns. He had
seventeen cows served by him in the season, and in November, as the
bull was bought at Easter, Mr. Charles Colling said if the bull was
done with for the season he would give 8 guineas for him; he was
sold, the original cost, 10 guineas, being divided by Mr. Robert
Colling and Mr. Waistell. The bull took offense at a gray pony Mr.
Robert Colling used to ride, and was a little troublesome. Manfield
(404) was used at a very early period. Broken Horn (gs), appears.
to have succeeded Hubback, and was followed by Punch (531),
Favorite (252), Comet (155), Wellington (680), a very fine bull, used
four seasons, and others as in the catalogue. He also had the use of
his brother’s bulls at Ketton.

“ Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, supplied
most of the bull hirers, and the buyers at the sales came from those
counties as well as Nottingham, Leicester, and Northampton. Culley,
in his general view of the Agriculture of Northumberland, says,
‘hiring bulls for the season is practiced in this county; as high as 50
guineas have been paid for a bull of the Short-horn breed for one
season, and from 3 to 5 guineas given for serving a cow, but the more
common rate is a guinea.’ The principal hirers were Lord Strath-
more, Sir H. Vane Tempest, Sir G. Strickland, Mr. Robertson, Mr.
Jobling, Mr. Jobson, Mr. Gibson, Colonel Trotter, Major Rudd, Mr.
Baker, Mr. Barker, Mr. Booth, Mr. Buston, Mr. Hustler, Mr. Weth-
erell, and Mr. Wiley. Mr. Jobson also stated that prior to 1773 his
father got bulls from Durham, and the last cross of the well known
Sonsie tribe is a Son of Ben (70), or Punch (531).

“At the sale in 1818 Mr. Robert Colling was asked, ‘Who has your
best blood?’ ‘Well, I think,’ said he, ‘Lincolnshire has got most of
my best blood.’ ‘The breeders from Lincolnshire, who hired, were
Mr. R. Ostler and Mr. Skipworth at Aylesby; Mr. W. Brooks and
Mr. R. Cropper at Laceby; Mr. J. Grant, Wyham; and Mr. J. Codd,
Holton, all living in the district between Grimsby and Caistor. The
bulls were slightly shod and walked down about eight or nine miles a
day, and age had little consideration. The most noted bulls were
Own Brother to the White Heifer [that Traveled], Colling’s (Robert)
White Bull (151), Aylesby (44), Barmpton (54), and Major (398).
C. Colling’s Major (397), bought at the Ketton sale, was thought the
handsomer and better of the two.

“There is no mention made in this paper of Sir H. Vane Tempest’s
celebrated cow Princess, nor of Col. Trotter’s stock, both of whom,

ROBERT *GORLING, Si CATTLE: gi

as well as Mr. Robertson, Mr. Champion, and others, bought privately
from Mr. R. Colling. The Princess tribe may possibly be noticed in
a future paper, when Sir H. Vane Tempest’s catalogue is reprinted,
but the name of the Sylphs (Sweethearts and Charmers) and the
Mantalinis, the former tracing from ‘Russell,’ the latter from
‘Alpine,’ both cows by Robert Colling’s Son of Favorite (252) [the
Son being out of a Punch cow] and from Col. Trotter’s herd, are
high evidence, even in the present day, of the excellence of the
original Barmpton stock.

“Tt has been said that Robert Colling’s stock were delicate; there
is little foundation for this, and it may have arisen from the delicacy
of Mr. Champion’s cattle; Mr. Paley said that the rottenness of the
Warrior (673) family came from Diana, lot 3, and Mr. Champion’s
son attributed it to Mason’s Charles (127); Mr. Bates also attributed
delicacy to Mason’s St. John (572). Land and atmosphere may have
had something to do with this. Those who saw the herd in its best
days, before and at the sales, say that the cattle were always seen in
good condition and shewed vigorous constitutions; it is, however, a
singular fact that we have now scarcely any stock remaining from
those animals that went into the Retford (Notts) district, whilst there
are numbers tracing from that blood which went into Yorkshire, Lin-
colnshire, and the Lake district, where the yellow roan and red were
looked upon as the pure breed, the dark red being held in no favor.*

“Although the average of the Barmpton sale, 1818, was under that
of Ketton, 1810,+ there is every reason to believe that it was a better
sale. In 1810 things were at war price and everything high, whilst

‘in 1818 there was peace, and a general depression upon agriculture.
The Alloy blood, too, in the Ketton stock tended to promote compe-
tition for the purer strains at Barmpton. ‘The bulls are said by Mr.
Wetherell to have been the finest lot he ever saw at one sale. They
doubled the average of the cows, and, taking the highest priced
family at Ketton against the highest priced one at Barmpton, we have
the following result in favor of the Barmpton stock: At Ketton, the
Pheenix tribe, sixteen (including Comet 1000 guineas) averaged
4221 3s.; at Barmpton, the Red Rose tribe, eleven (including Lan-
caster 621 guineas) averaged £269 3s. 6d.; and the thirteen favorite
Wildairs averaged £142 17s. 6d.

* The strong partiality to a deep red color in Short-horns, which now prevails among a large
majority of the American breeders, and which we think a mistaken partiality, had then no exist-
ence among the English breeders.—L. F, A.

+ Charles Colling’s sale.—L. F. A.

Q2 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“Mr. Robert Colling always opposed his brother using [the Alloy]
Grandson of Bolingbroke (280), and told Mr. Wiley that he did not
consider his brother’s herd nor his own better than other good herds,
except the Phoenix tribe. In 1815 he stated that ‘whatever I know
of the art of. breeding cattle I owe to the late Mr. George Culley.’*
He [Robert Colling]| was a stately, reserved man, the opposite to his
brother Charles, kind in his manner and straightforward in all his
dealings, keeping a good house and high company, and was liked by
all who knew him. Robert was one of the earliest disciples and
most intimate friends of the great Bakewell, and there is little doubt
that Bakewell’s great principle of in-and-in breeding was carried out
most successfully by the Collings. Father to daughter and mother to
son, were the principal direct alliances, and the system was continued
so long as robustness and form were upheld.” ¢

Comparing the two herds of Robert and Charles, somewhat differ-
ent opinions were entertained by their contemporaries of the supe-
riority of one over the other. Both of them bred animals of marked
excellence and fame in their own time, and that excellence and fame
have been perpetuated through their blood down to the present day.
Robert, in his personal character, was more quiet and reticent;
Charles, the more active, self-confident, and prominent before the
public. Robert was equally sound in judgment, dabbling in no ex-
periments, while Charles was more or less versatile in both opinion
and practice. In a striking and no doubt accurate portrait of the
two brothers in our possession, that of Robert is remarkably good-
looking and portly, the features of the face expressive of an honest,
upright man. ‘That of Charles, although still portly in look, is less
handsome than his brother; the face has not an equal frankness,
and a little cunning, withal, seems lurking in the expression.

* Culley was an advocate of Bakewell’s system of breeding.—L. F. A.

+ We have no account that the ‘trobustness and form”? ever died out while the in-and-in brecd-
ing stock remained in the hands of the Collings.—L. F. A.

THE COLLINGS’ IMPROVEMENT. 93

Dip THE COLLINGS IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE SHORT-HORNS
ABOVE THEIR EXISTING CONDITION WHEN THEY COMMENCED
BREEDING? WERE THE COLLINGS’ HERDS SUPERIOR TO THOSE
OF THEIR CONTEMPORARY BREEDERS AT THE TIMES OF THEIR
FINAL SALES?

After discussing at such length as we have already done the prac-
tice in breeding by the Collings, it may seem superfluous to add
another word. We have seen that they were men of sagacity and
enterprise; that they found, in the outset of their breeding life, the
Short-horns a /oca/, although ancient breed, existing in but a few
eounties of the north-eastern quarter of England; that although
these cattle possessed admirable qualities in themselves, and of great
value, through the crosses of their blood, as instruments to improve
the general herds then existing in other sections of the Short-horn
region, they were still little known beyond their own immediate local-
ities. In view of these facts, when establishing their own herds they
selected the best animals within their reach, bred them with success,
and determined to make them known, and give them a currency
throughout those parts of the kingdom where they hitherto had been,
and measurably were still strangers. In this they succeeded. Not
only did they so succeed, but by adopting a course of breeding at
that time, and in their own immediate section, almost if not alto-
gether unpracticed, they reared superior cattle to many of the herds
around them, and drew public attention conspicuously to their own
herds and to their modes of breeding.

It is possible that some of their contemporaries may have charged
them with a species of pretension in their practice, but as their course
of breeding was open and well known to those around them, and
they relied on public favor to sustain their efforts by purchases of
their stock, it is to be presumed their persistence in the course which
they had adopted was on the conviction that it was the correct one,
leading to the largest success, not only in a pecuniary result, but in
the improvement of their stock to the highest perfection of their day.
Such, it appears, was the conclusion of those who closely studied
their practice, and to the Collings should be awarded the credit of
success.

Not but that there were other breeders—unnamed, or but slightly
alluded to in these pages—who, by a different course of breeding,
had produced animals equally good as those of the Collings’, but by

04 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

their less active enterprise they failed to achieve that notoriety and
high position which the Collings attained and held until they retired
from the pursuit. The blood of their stocks, from their frequent bull
sales and lettings became widely disseminated through other herds,
far and near. Many of their cows were distributed by sales into
neighboring as well as distant herds, and the agricultural public at
large were benefited, so far as it chose to be, by their labors.

One thing is certain, more good Short-horns for eighty years past,
trace their pedigrees into the blood of the Colling bulls, through the
Herd Books, than into the bulls of any twenty other English breed-
ers put together, which may be deemed circumstantial if not positive
testimony of the successful results of their breeding. “All,” to be
sure, “is not gold that glitters,’ as we have seen too much of
assumption in our own day to believe that all men are benefactors
who receive the laudations of the public for acts in which, were the
truth wholly known, other less pretentious parties would have the
credit; yet it is but justice that we record a testimonial of his old
friends and neighbors, awarded to Charles on his retirement from
breeding, soon after the public sale of his stock. It was the offering
of a valuable piece of plate with the following inscription:

PRESENTED TO
MR. CHARLES COLLING,

THE GREAT IMPROVER OF THE SHORT-HORNED BREED OF CATTLE,
BY THE BREEDERS
(Upwards of fifty),
WHOSE NAMES ARE ANNEXED,
AS A TOKEN OF GRATITUDE DUE FOR THE BENEFIT THEY HAVE DERIVED FROM HIS JUDGMENT,
AND ALSO AS A TESTIMONY OF THEIR ESTEEM FOR HIM AS A MAN,
1810.

The address and adroitness of Charles may possibly have had
something to do with this exclusive testimonial, to a share in which
we think his brother Robert was equally entitled. Uncharitable
minds might liken it to the defrauding of Esau of his birthright by
his more cunning brother Jacob, but as the more generous Robert
did not complain, we may suppose the offering to be an honest one,
so far as Charles was concerned. In summing up the labors of the
brothers Colling, from all the evidence we have been enabled to
glean—not forgetting the meritorious efforts of many of their con-
temporary breeders—they may be said, Robert equally with Charles,
to have improved the many admirable qualities of the Short-horns,
and in such result merited the appellation of benefactors.

THE BOOTH SHORT-HORNS. 95

CHRAGR iE Rea TeV
Tue BoorH FAMILY AND THEIR SHORT-HORNS.

In chronological order, next to the Collings, among the prominent
earlier breeders come the Booths. As our account must of necessity
be an intermixture of their several names in the notices of their herds,
an explanation of their personalities will, as we proceed, become
necessary.

Thomas Booth, the elder and first of the family connected with
Short-horn breeding, was contemporary with the Collings. His
grandson, the present Thomas C. Booth, related to the late Richard
L. Allen, of New York, who met him at the great Yorkshire Agricul-
tural Show, in August, 1869, that “his grandfather began breeding
Short-horns in 1777, at or near Studley Park, and was a neighbor
and rival of Robert and Charles Colling.” Yet we have no particular
account of the earlier animals of his breeding, or what was their
particular character. We find no record of animals of their herd
earlier than such as are recorded in Vol. 1, E. H. B., where all their
animals trace their genealogy into bulls bred by the Collings, from
which it is presumed that they derived their stock on the sires’ side
chiefly, or altogether, from them some years after they began breed-
ing; so that the elder Booth in the production of the stock which
gave him his chief celebrity bred them from the Colling bulls. The
legitimate foundation of his herds may be dated at Killerby, in York-
shire, about the year 1790. Previous to this he had become the
owner of the estates of Killerby and Warlaby, not far apart, and at
no great distance from Darlington, and within easy access to the
places then occupied by the brothers Colling. Thomas Booth had
two sons, Richard and John, both of whom afterwards became Short-
horn breeders, conjointly with, and succeeding their father. Of the
brothers, Richard was probably the most skillful, and being through
life a bachelor, with no family cares to divert his attention, his sym-
pathies and affections were chiefly absorbed in the propagation and

96 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

improvement of his stock; John was also a good Short-horn breeder.
Like the brothers Colling, they interchanged, and bred mainly from
the same sources of blood.

Passing from the stage, a valuable portion of the herds of the
brothers fell into possession of the present Thomas C. Booth, of
Warlaby, son of John, and nephew to Richard. He is ¢#e Booth of
the present day, although his brother John and “zs son J. C. Booth,
of Killerby, are also Short-horn breeders to some extent, and chiefly
in the stocks of the family tribe.

With these preliminaries, necessary to the future narration of their
herds, we are fortunately favored with “The History of the Rise and
Progress of the Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby herds of Short-horns,
by William Carr,” published in London in 1867. This work, although
highly laudatory, and written apparently with a view of giving a
special prominence to the “Booth blood,” is valuable in the many
facts it contains touching the career of the earlier Booths, and their
course of breeding, as also for its many hints and suggestions profita-
ble to breeders of the present day, and the information it conveys of
the dissemination of their animals. The book itself is scholarly in
style, graphic in narration, and if a poetic or imaginative tint is now
and then detected in its pages, they may be imputed only to the
enthusiasm of the author, and not to a disposition to mislead the
reader into a false estimate of the noble animals he so partially exalts.

We can do no better, perhaps, than to quote literally from the
work in question, with occasional explanatory notes of our own, in
order to give the reader a true history, so far as may be necessary for
our purpose, of the Booth Short-horns :

“Mr. Thomas Booth was no servile imitator. He was a contem-
porary of the Collings, and began his career quite independently of
them, as an improver of the cattle of the same district, and he com-
menced it nearly at the same time. Mr. Booth had been a breeder
of Short-horns many years when the celebrated Durham Ox, bred by
Mr. Charles Colling, was first exhibited throughout the kingdom, and
drew universal attention to the Short-horns. He afterwards did what
wisdom dictated, availed himself of the Collings’ best blood, and
incorporated it with his own; while his sons and grandsons at Killerby,
at Studley, and at Warlaby, have continued the same herd down to
the present time, and given it a world-wide fame.

“Previously to the year 1790 Mr. Thomas Booth, who was then the
owner of the Warlaby and Killerby estates, and farmed them both,
commenced at Killerby the breeding of Short-horns.5 * * * He

THE BOOTH FERDS. 97

obtained his rudimentary stock from some of the best specimens of
these Teeswater Short-horns. He appears to have proceeded on the
principle that whilst the general similitude and mingled qualities of
both parents descend to the offspring, the external conformation—
subject, of course, to some modification by the other parent—is
mainly imparted by the male, and the vital and nutritive organs by
the female. Acting on this hypothesis, he was careful to select such
well-framed cows only as evinced, by an ample capacity of chest, a
robust constitution and a predisposition to fatten, and such moderate
sized males as possessed in the highest degree then attainable the
particular external points and proportions he deemed desirable to
impress upon his herd. A dairy farmer under Lord Harewood, a
Mr. Broader,* of Fairholme, in the parish of Ainderby, appears to
have possessed some cows having the qualifications required. Tradi-
tion speaks. of them as unusually fine cattle for that period; good
dairy cows, and great grazers when dry; somewhat incompact in
frame, and steerish in appearance,t but of very robust constitution.
Previously to the year 1790, Mr. Thomas Booth had bought some
calyes from these cows. Strawberry Fairholme, Hazel (2. e. flecked
roan) Fairholme, and Eight-and-twenty-shilling Fairholme, purchased
from Mr. Broader’s farm, have the honor of being the ancestresses of
several illustrious families of Short-horns,

“T have said that Mr. Thomas Booth selected moderate-sized males.
His observant eye had recognized, as indispensable to any improve-
ment in the symmetry of these Teeswater animals, the necessity of
reducing in size and stature their large, loosely-knit frames. With
this view he decided on selecting his bulls from the stock of his
contemporaries, Messrs. Robert and Charles Colling, who had them-
selves, to some extent, effected this reduction of size,{ and improve-
ment of form and fattening capacity in their stock, chiefly through
the use of Hubback, a small, short-legged bull. Twin Brother to
Ben (660), bred by the Collings, and Booth’s Son of Twin Brother to
Ben (88), were the first bulls used by Mr. Thomas Booth to these
Fairholme heifers. These bulls had the short legs, the long and level
hind quarters, the firm backs and good twists, to which Mr. Thomas

* Mr. Broader’s cattle do not appear among the early records of the English Herd Book. He
probably kept nothing but notes of his herd, if he kept pedigrees at all.—L. F. A.

+ That “ steerish”’ appearance, in the heads, particularly, still appertains to many of the purely
bred Booth cows of the present day.—L. F. A.

¢ It might be a reduction zz size, but it was an actual zxcrease of wezght which the Collings
effected by breeding smaller boned, more compact and massive animals, than their progenitors.—

LF. A.
7

98 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Booth attached so much importance, and their offspring amply testi-
fied to his discrimination. It is recorded that one cow by the former,
and her daughter by the latter bull, produced six calves in one year,
the dam having twice produced twins, and the daughter once. Four
of these calves were heifers. Sume of the offspring were very supe-
rior cows. In proof of the excellent foundation they afforded for the
formation of a herd, it is affirmed on high authority that one of the
Twin Brother to Ben cows produced, to Son of Twin Brother to Ben,
a cow quite equal'to Faith, by Raspberry, the dam of the famous
Hope. Many of the cows were deep milkers, but running dry sooner
than was then usual, when they gained flesh very rapidly. The late
Mr. Ewbank, of Sober Hill, questioning the milking capacity of
some of them in this condition, Mr. Thomas Booth pointed to their
broad backs, and exclaimed, ‘Look there! that is worth a few pints
of milk!’ These cows were further open to Mr. Ewbanks criticism
as having raw noses, as he contemptuously termed that feature when
flesh-colored ; alleging that in /zs early days the farm stock was nearly
all dlack-nosed, and that he never knew a raw-nosed cow that was not
delicate—a prejudice which has long since passed away.

“Having thus judiciously selected the best animals procurable of
both sexes, Mr. T. Booth was careful to pair such, and such only, of
the produce of these unions as presented in a satisfactory degree the
desired characteristics, with animals possessing them in equal or
greater measure, and unsparingly to reject—especially from his male
stock—all such as were not up to the required standard. Having by
these means succeeded in developing and establishing in his herd a
definite and uniform character, he sought to ensure its perpetuation
by breeding from rather close affinities, as in his opinion the only
security for the unfailing transmission, and transmission in an increased
ratio, of these acquired distinctions to the offspring. In tracing the
pedigrees of these herds, it will be seen that from the earliest period
the same system of breeding from close relations which was pursued
by the Collings was followed by the Booths. An examination of the
pedigree of Lady Maynard (adéas the cow Favorite) will show to
what a length the system was carried by the earlier breeders, and how
closely the first families of the Colling strain were allied to the Booth
tribes. Further proof of this may be found in the pedigrees of the
earliest bulls used by Mr. Thomas Booth, namely, Twin Brother to
Ben (660), Suworrow (636), Albion (14), Pilot (496), and Marshal
Beresford (415). Take, for example, the three last named. Albion—
purchased at Mr. Charles Colling’s sale in 1810, by Mr. T. Booth, Sr.,

THE BOOTH HERDS. 99

for 60 guineas, when a calf—was by a bull which was both a son and
grandson of Favorite (252); his dam was by a son of Favorite, and
his granddam by a bull who was not only a son of Favorite, but also
of Favorite’s half-sister. Pilot, bred by Mr. Robert Colling, was by
Major (398) or Wellington (680). Major was by a son and grandson
of Favorite, his dam by a son of Favorite, his granddam by Favorite,
and his great granddam by Favorite. Wellington was by a son and
grandson of Favorite, and his dam was by Favorite. Marshal Beres-
ford was by a son and grandson of Favorite, his dam by a grandson
of Favorite, and his granddam by Favorite. ' Marshal Beresford came
into the herd in an exchange for some cows with Major Bower, Mr.
Thomas Booth’s brother-in-law, a Short-horn breeder, then living at
Welham. On returning home one day, Mr. R. Booth found, to his great
annoyance, that his father had re-sold the Marshal to Major Bower.
He thought that if either had been parted with it should have been
Albion. It proved fortunate, however, for the Booth herd that Albion
was retained ; for though not so stylish as the Marshal in appearance,
he proved far superior to him as a sire. Albion is said to have done
more good in the herd than any other of the earlier bulls, notwith-
standing that he had, through Washington (674), one-sixty-fourth
part of the Alloy, which was the term of reproach cast upon Lady,
by Grandson of Bolingbroke, and her descendants in the early days
of Short-horn breeding.* The offspring of Albion were, in general,
very round, compact, and near the ground.

“T must here, however, revert to the Fairholme calves. A slight
survey of the tribes which have sprung from these early mothers of
the herd may not be without interest to some of my readers. From
them proceeded the Fairholme or Blossom tribe, the old Red Rose
tribe, and the Ariadne or Bright Eyes tribe.

“Of the Fairholme or Blossom tribe, one branch terminated in the
bull Easby (232). Another, which Mr. R. Booth took with him to
Studley, produced Moss Rose, by Suworrow, Madame, by Marshal
Beresford, Fair Maid, by Pilot, Miss Foote, by Agamemnon (9), and
Young Sir Alexander (513). A third division, which, in the cow
Eve passed into the hands of Major Bower, has representatives in
the herd of Lord Feversham—Skyrocket, the first prize bull at the
Royal show at Leeds in 1861, being one of them. Of a fourth
branch—the descendants of Beauty by Albion—one portion remained
in the hands of Mr. John Booth, and produced Modish, sold to Mr.

* See page 71 ante, in notice of Charles Colling’s breeding.—L. F. A.

100 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

R. Holmes (who bred from her Belzoni (783); the other passed into
the hands of Sir Charles Knightly, who had at one time several
representatives of it. From a fifth branch, retained by Mr. Thomas
Booth, sprang Twin Cow, by Albion, her son Navigator (1260), whose
spirited portrait adorns the dining-room at Warlaby, and a long array
of prize animals, amongst which may be mentioned Bloom, Plum
Blossom, Nectarine Blossom, Venus Victrix, Baron Warlaby, and
Windsor.

“The old Red Rose* tribe is extinct, except in the progeny of
Julius Cesar (1143) and Belshazzar (1703).

“From the Bright Eyes tribe, in the possession of R. Booth, at
Studley, came Ariadne, the prize cow Anna, by Pilot, and many other
fine animals dispersed at the Studley sale.

“Besides these Fairholme tribes, there was the Halnaby or Straw-
berry tribe, which also dates from this period. The first of them
was of that yellow red and white hue, which, though out of favor at
the present day, was then the prevailing color of the Short-horn.+ She
was bought in Darlington market, and one of the earliest recollec-
tions of Mr. R. Booth was of that cow coming home. The type of
old Halnaby of 1797, who is said to have been a very finely made
cow, has often been reproduced in her descendants in the herd. Mr.
Thomas Booth considered this as one of his finest families, quite -
equal to the Blossom and the Ariadne tribes. Young Albion (15) is
the first bull of note in the Halnaby family. He was much used in
the herd, and was one of the first that was let out on hire. He went
to Mr. Scroope’s, of Danby Hall, near Middleham, who had a fine,
large, robust herd of cattle, related, through some of the bulls used,
to the Colling blood. In 1812, the Squire of Danby challenged Mr.
Thomas Booth to show, ‘for rump and dozen’ (the usual stakes at
that day being rump stakes and a dozen of wine), the best lot of
heifers he had, against the same number of his own, the match to be
decided at Bedale. Although a good lot, the Danby had to give
place to the Killerby and Warlaby contingent. Of the Halnaby
tribe came also the bull Rockingham (2551), and Priam (2452), the
latter, sire of Necklace and Bracelet. The only female representa-
tives of the family are in the hands of the present Mr. Booth, of
Warlaby. From Strawberry 3d came the Bianca and Bride Elect
branch; whilst the famous cow White Strawberry, the dam of Leon-
ard (4210), was the ancestress of Monk, Medora, Red Rose, and

* Not the Red Rose tribe of Robert Colling.—L. F. A.
+ Roans, and whites, are still the prevailing colors of the Booth Short-horns.—L. F. A.

LIE BOW} WH, EER DIS: IOI

her daughters, the queenly quartette. Young Matchem (4422) is
descended from White Rose, own sister of Young Albion, and there-
fore, on the dam’s side, of the Halnaby family, and the same branch

of it gives the dam, Young Rachel, of Mr. Ambler’s Grand Turk.

“The Bracelet tribe sprung from a cow by Suworrow, of whose
origin there is no record. She was the ancestress of a very superior
cow, calved in 1812, Countess, by Albion (14), the Alloy bull; also
of ‘Toy, and her twin daughters Necklace and Bracelet, and of Col.
Towneley’s Pearly, and Mr. Torr’s Young Bracelet tribe.

“The early representatives of the above mentioned tribes formed
the herd of Mr. Thomas Booth down to the year 1814, when (his
son) Mr. Richard Booth, taking the Studley farm, near Ripon, left
Killerby. Mr. Thomas Booth was at that time the most enterprising
and skillful improver of cattle in his district, if not of his day.* It
is said there were some cows in Mr. Thomas Booth’s herd of that
period as good as any herd of the present time can boast; though,
being bred for use rather than show, the generality of them were
wanting in the refinement of the modern Short-horn. At that period
there were, happily, no shows to demand the sacrifice of the best
cattle in the kingdom, or the few that were held could be reached by
the majority of cattle attending them only by such long journeys on
foot as would be impracticable by animals in such a state of obesity
as is now a sine gua non with the judicial triumvirate. High feeding
at that time meant no more than good pasture for cows early dried of
their milk ; and the term ‘training’ was never heard except in rela-
tion to horses. The first breeder who introduced the system, which
has since run into such ruinous excess, of house-feeding cows and
heifers in summer on artificial food, was Mr. Crofton; and in that
year he, of course, took all before him in the show yards. The gen-
eral treatment of the females of a herd at that day was a simple hay
diet during the winter months. They were put early to breeding,
and generally calved at two years old. <A few were taken from the
lot to milk. The remainder suckled their calves until winter. They
were then taken up, dried, and fed off by the time they were three
years old; the same course being pursued, in their turn, with their
progeny.

“Mr. Thomas Booth was as liberal as his successors in allowing
the free use of his bulls to his poor neighbors; and, like most public
benefactors, was occasionally imposed upon. A ludicrous instance

* Rather too laudatory, we think.—L. F. A.

102 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

of this is still remembered. An old fellow at Ainderby, not contented
with the bull set apart for this purpose, and being anxious to have a
calf by another, that Mr. Booth especially prized and kept exclu-
sively for his own herd, took his cow into the lane adjoining the field
where the prohibited animal was grazing. The bull broke through
the fence; and—the old Yorkshireman’s object was achieved. The
latter, knowing how indignant Mr. Booth would be, thought it safest
to act on the principle of taking the bull by the horns; and, assum-
ing an injured air, at once repaired to him, exclaiming, ‘O maister,
maister! sic an a thing has happened! Your gurt ugly beast has
broken through t’hedge, and I doubt he'll hae gitten my cow wi’ cauf.
It’s a sad bad job; for I were boun’ to feed her off.’

‘““Mr. Richard Booth’s removal to Studley forms a new era in the
history of these herds. From 1814 down to its dispersion in 1834,
the Studley colony took precedence of the parent stock. We may
now, therefore, before proceeding with the history of the Killerby
Herd, turn our attention to that of Studley.

THE STUDLEY HERD.

“Mr. Richard Booth inherited with his father’s name his full share
of his father’s skill as a breeder, with an equal fondness for the pur-
suit; and his new farm, which he held under the wealthy and
well-known Mrs. Lawrence,* was speedily stocked with superior Short-
horns. He began with his father’s cattle, and carried on to even
greater perfection his father’s work. Among the first importations
which were made from Killerby to Studley, when Mr. Richard Booth
went there in 1814, the following may be mentioned: He purchased
from his father Bright Eyes, by Lame bull (359), and her daughters
Ariadne, then a two-year-old, and Agnes, a yearling, both by Albion.
Ariadne was own sister to Agamemnon, the grandsire of Isabella, by
Pilot. She was the dam of the famous Anna, by Pilot (496), who
won numerous prizes at the best shows of the day; and who, in 1824,
performed the feat of walking from Studley to Manchester, taking
the first prize there, walking back, and producing within a fortnight
Young Anna. Anna is said, by those who well remember her, to
have borne a very strong resemblance in color and character to Queen
of the Ocean. She was the dam of Adelaide, who, through her sire
Albert, was also granddaughter of Isabella. Adelaide was the highest

* Previously alluded to in a letter to the writer, by R. L. Allen.—L. F. A.

THE STUDLEY HERD. 103

priced female sold at Mr. R. Booth’s Studley sale in 1834, and was
the granddam of Mr. Storer’s cow Princess Julia. From Anna, more
remotely through her daughter, Young Anna, are descended two of
Mr. Torr’s families; and from Agnes, daughter of Bright Eyes, came
Mr. Fawkes’ Verbena and her descendants. Agamemnon, the own
brother of Ariadne, was a bull of extraordinary substance, with good
hind quarters, heavy flanks, deep twist, and well covered hips. He
was eventually sold, with two heifers, to Mr. White, of Woodlands,
near Dublin. Even in these early days Mr. Booth had bulls out on
hire. Alonzo (27), a son of, Ariadne, by Rockingham (559), was let
to Mr. Hutton, of Marske, who, to promote the improvement of the
breed of cattle in his. district, had at that time yearly shows on his
estate. Protector (1347), another bull of the Bright Eyes family, was
hired by Mr. Powlett, of Bolton Hall. He was a large, red bull, and
a capital sire.

“Tn the first year of his residence at Studley, Mr. R. Booth bought
in Darlington market* the first of what was afterwards known as the
Isabella tribe. She was a roan cow, by Mr. Burrell’s bull of Burdon
(1768), and, for a market cow, had a remarkably ample development
of the fore quarters. She was put to Agamemnon. The offspring
was ‘White Cow,’ which, crossed by Pilot, produced the matchless
Isabella, so long remembered in show-field annals, and to this day
quoted as a perfect specimen of her race. Pedestrians crossing the
fields to the ruins of Fountains Abbey might generally see her and
Anna, perhaps the two best cows of their day, with a blooming bevy
of fair heifers, attended by Young Albion (15); and many a traveler
lingered on his way to admire their buxom forms, picturing to himself
perhaps how the monks of the old abbey would have gloried in such
beeves.”

It was from this estate that the name of “Studley bull” was given
to the noble animal, calved in 1737, through whose loins a larger
number of the noted older Short-horns trace their lineage than to any
other. His Herd Book pedigree only states that he was “red and
white, bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton.” Ina note to that pedigree,

* It is a pregnant fact, as the fashion of the day then was, before a Herd Book, recording the
pedigrees of Short-horns was established, or perhaps even thought of, and even to a much later
time, that the breeders and farmers of the Short-horn counties sent many of their valuable sur-
plus animals to the local fairs for sale. They had no written pedigrees, yet their breeders had
access to and used in their herds the pure bred bulls of leading breeders for some cattle genera-
tions back. They were Short-horns, to all intents and purposes, and probably as pure in blood
as any to be found. Not only the Booths, but other discriminating breeders purchased them, and
in their produce many noted animals have risen to well-merited distinction.—L. F. A.

104. HWISTORY OF TILE SILORT-HORNS.

written by the late Mr. Thomas Bates, he remarks that “he was of
the Barningham breed, which came from Studley, where they were
bred for many generations.” So that the ancient domain of Studley,
as with Alnwick Castle, “home of the Percy’s high-born race” of men,
was equally a home of the high-born race of Short-horn cattle.

“Tsabella and her descendants brought the massive yet exquisitely
moulded fore quarters into the herd, and also that straight under-line
of the belly, for which the Warlaby animals are remarkable. That
such a cow should have had but three crosses of blood is striking
evidence of the impressive efficacy of these early bulls, and confirms
Mr. R. Booth’s opinion that four crosses of really first-rate bulls of
sterling blood upon a good market cow, of the ordinary Short-horn breed,
should suffice for the production of an animal with all the character-
istics of the high-caste Short-horn.”*

““* White Cow,’ by Agamemnon, produced, besides the famous Isa-
bella, ‘Own Sister to Isabella,’ and Lady Sarah, and was then sold to
Mr. Paley, of Gledhow. Her dam, the Darlington cow, had previ-
ously been disposed of to the master of a boarding-school at Ripon,
one of whose pupils, Mr. Bruere, of Braithwaite Hall—a_ highly
esteemed friend of the late Mr. Booth’s—well remembers the brim-
ming pails of milk she gave. ‘Own Sister to Isabella’ was the dam
of Blossom, by Memnon (2295) (a son of Julius Czesar and Straw-
berry, by Pilot), and Blossom was the dam of Medora, by Ambo
(1636), one of the neatest cows Mr. Booth ever bred. Medora was
sold to Mr. Fawkes, in whose hands she was the progenitress of his
Gulnare, Haidee, Zuleika, and others. Mr. Fawkes’ Lord Marquis,
the first prize three-year-old bull at the Royal Show at Lewes, in
1852, and the Yorkshire Show at Sheffield, in the same year, was also
a descendant of Medora’s.

“A gentleman,’ says the writer of ‘Short-horn Intelligence,’ “who
has been intimately conversant with the herds of Great Britain for at
least a quarter of a century, declares that one of the most interesting
sights he ever saw at an agricultural exhibition was on the show
ground at Otley, some years ago, when, after the judging, the famous
Booth cow Medora, by Ambo, was led round the ring, followed by her
six daughters, all of them, as well as the mother, decorated with prize
favors. The daughters were Gulnare, Haidee, and Zuleika (by Nor-
folk) (2377); Victoria, and Fair Maid of Athens (by Sir Thomas

* The American breeder must understand that ‘tthe ordinary Short-horn dreed,” named above,
were true Short-horns, but without Herd Book pedigrees, and not the coon cattle of the coun-

try, like ours.—L, I’, A.

THE STUDLEY HERD. 105

Fairfax) (5196); and a heifer named Myrrha, not in the Herd Book,
under that name at least, by Rockingham (2550).’

“Blossom was bought by the Earl of Lonsdale, at the Studley sale
in 1834, and, after breeding four calves, was slaughtered in 1840.
Own Sister to Isabella, also had Imogen, by Argus (750), which was
sold at the Studley sale to the Earl of Carlisle, and became the dam
of Isabel, by Belshazzar (1703). This Belshazzar (1703),* who was
contemporary with Mr. Booth’s Belshazzar of the old Red Rose
tribe, was from Lady Sarah, the third sister of Isabella, by Pilot.
Lady Sarah became the property of the Earl of Carlisle, and pro-
duced at Castle Howard three bulls and four heifers, one of which
was the dam of Lord Stanley (4269), purchased by Messrs. Booth and
Maynard.

“Tsabella, by Pilot, now the best known to fame of the three
sisters, produced, at Studley, Isaac (1129), by Young Albion (15),
Albert (727) by the same bull, Isabella, sold to Mr. Bolden, Young
Isabella to Mr. Paley, and Belinda to the Earl of Carlisle, and four
others; and on the sale of the Studley herd she alone was retained,
and transferred to Warlaby, where she gave birth, in her eighteenth
year, to Isabella Matchem, afterwards the dam, as will be seen, of a
numerous progeny. The demand for bulls was then only commenc-
ing. Isaac had been let for a year to Miss Strickland, of Apperley
Court, and on his return, Mr. Booth not requiring him, he was unfor-
tunately fed to make room for younger ones, before his eminent merits
as a sire had been discovered. The Isabellas had all great capacity for
rapidly acquiring ripe condition on pasture. As an illustration of the
fallaciousness of the usual mode of judging cattle by the softness of
their flesh, it may be worthy of mention that at one of the Yorkshire
agricultural meetings held at Northallerton, a grass-fed heifer, a
daughter of Isabella, by Ambo, was shown, and rejected as being
too hard-fleshed. Not breeding, she was slaughtered at York for
Christmas beef. Her two successful rivals also failing to breed were
slaughtered, and the palm for the best carcass of beef was awarded
to Mr. Booth’s heifer over her Northallerton rivals. Nor is this case
without many a parallel in the history of Royal Shows. Numerous
as have been the prizes which the Booth cattle have received, their
number would have been greatly increased if judges had always care-
fully distinguished between flesh and fat. When their decisions have

* This must be a mistake of Mr. Carr’s. The English Herd Book, Vol. 3, records Belshazzar
(1704) as the Son of Lady Sarah. Mr. Booth bred (1703), and the Earl of Carlisle bred (1704).—
L. F. A.

106 HISTORY (Oe DHE YS HMORA ORNS:

been on this ground—as they often have been—adverse to the Booth
cattle, many an experienced butcher has proclaimed a very different
opinion; and could the appeal ad crumenam have been adopted by
an immediate sale of the rival animals to the shambles, how useless
would it have been in most instances to contest the supremacy of
the Booths!

“Another cow which Mr. Booth took with him to Studley was
Madame, by Marshal Beresford, also of the Fairholme Blossom tribe.
From her came Fancy and Fair Maid, both by Agamemnon. The
former was the dam of Fatima, a very neat, middle-sized cow, which,
put to Mr. Maynard’s Sir Alexander (591), produced the famous bull
Young Sir Alexander (5139). This bull was the sire of Strawberry,
whose daughter, White Strawberry, by Rockingham (559), held, per-
haps, equal rank in Mr. Booth’s estimation with Anna, Isabella, and
her own contemporary rivals, Necklace and Bracelet. Fair Maid,
the other daughter of Madame, by Marshal Beresford, was the dam
of Miss Foote, whose descendants were very numerous, and were all
disposed of at, or previously to, the Studley sale. They united in a
remarkable degree the two properties of good milking and rapid
fattening. Fair Maid herself was sold to Mr. Ellison, of Sizergh,
where she bred many calves, and proved herself an excellent dairy
cow. Miss Foote was sold to Captain Shawe, and Fair Helen, her
daughter, who was the dam of the noted bull Cossack (1880), to Sir
Charles Tempest, with whom she bred four heifers. I remember, in
1853, a stray waif of this famous tribe in the hands of an inn-keeper,
at Clapham, in Yorkshire. It was, in fact, the broad, level back, and
symmetrical proportions of this cow, that induced me to purchase my
first Short-horn, her bull calf. The cow was a granddaughter of
Miss Foote, being a daughter of Lady Helen, then the property of
Mr. Foster, of Clapham. She was sacrificed whilst still in her prime,
her owner being tempted by the offer of a high price for her from a
butcher.

“Some mention of the bulls bred and used by Mr. Booth during
his residence at Studley seems here to be required.

“One of the first bulls of superior mark bred by Mr. Richard
Booth, after his removal to Studley, was Julius Cesar (1143), a bull
of very symmetrical proportions, which he had the merit of impress-
ing in a surprising degree upon his offspring. No matter how
dissimilar and opposite in form and breed the cows to which he was
put might be, the produce all bore the unmistakable stamp of their
sire. The offspring, by him, of the shabbiest lane-side cow, had, it

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THE STUDLEY HERD: 107

is said, all the character of the pure-bred Short-horn. It may be
worth while to inquire how far the remarkable property which distin-
guished this bull may be traced to the preponderating influence of
any particular progenitor or progenitors in his pedigrees, an investi-
gation of which, it may be here sufficient to say, will show him to be
descended half a dozen times, and some of them very nearly, from
Twin Brother to Ben.

“This circumstance lends weight to the opinion of many experi-
enced breeders, that, in general, the capability of a bull to transmit
to his offspring his own peculiar mould and properties depends upon
his having inherited them from a succession of ancestors endowed
with similar characteristics. It is doubtless to the concentration of
hereditary force thus derived that the extraordinary transmissive
power of such bulls as Comet, Favorite and Julius Cesar, is to be
attributed. At the same time it is a curious circumstance, and one
that should not be forgotten—as often modifying to some extent the
principle above enunciated—+that amongst animals similarly bred there
are some bulls, and some cows too, that possess an tmmeasurably greater
transmissive influence than pertains to others.

“Pilot (496), another of the bulls of this period, was bred by Mr.
R. Colling, and purchased by Mr. T. Booth at the Barmpton sale in
1818, for 270 guineas. He was used in all the three herds, and there
was no bull to which they were more largely indebted. The close
in-and-in breeding of this animal has already been shown. He was
let to Mr. Rennie for a short time; but his stock at home proved so
good, that he was recalled at the expiration of his first season. Pilot
was a small, compact bull, somewhat undersized, but possessed of
great thriving propensity. He was a capital sire, and may be appro-
priately cited as a striking example of the preceding remarks. JI am
indebted for this account of Pilot to one who remembers him well—
that old friend of the Booths, the much respected Nestor of the Short-
horns, Mr. Wetherell, who, like his friend Mr. Wiley, of Brandsby, is
still hale and strong, a living record of early Short-horn times, from
whom younger men learn the lessons of the past.* Isaac, another
bull of note, bred by Mr. Richard Booth, has already been referred
to. Burley (1766) and Ambo (1636), both containing a large amount
of the Favorite blood, were partially used in the herd during the last
three years before the sale.

“In the year 1834 Mr. Richard Booth, finding that some of his best
pastures were required by their owner for other purposes, gave up the

* Mr. Wetherell died in February, 1871.—L. F. A,

108 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

farm at Studley, and selling off the whole of his herd, with the
exception of Isabella, by Pilot, retired to Sharrow, near Ripon.
After residing there for a year, which, from being bereft of his
favorites, he used to describe as the least happy period of his life,
Mr. R. Booth, in consequence of his father’s death, succeeded to the
estate and Short-horn herd of Warlaby. The sale of the Studley
herd was a step which Mr. Booth always regretted, for many of the
animals it contained were, in his opinion, every whit as good as any
he afterwards bred. They were dispersed into many hands, and
though Old Cuddy’s* assertion, that they have ‘a’ swealed away,’ is
certainly too sweeping, it may be doubted whether, even in the hands
of very celebrated breeders, like Mr. Fawkes and others, the descend-
ants of these famous cattle have ever quite equaled their cousins at
Warlaby.

“It is now necessary to go back a quarter of a century to resume
the history of

THE KILLERBY HERD.

“We have seen that in the year 1814, Mr. Richard Booth took
with him to Studley some of the animals then forming the Killerby
herd. Mr. Thomas Booth shortly afterwards supplied the place of
these with other cows, which became the foundresses of three famous
tribes—the Farewell tribe, from which sprang Faith, Hope, and
Charity; the Broughton tribe, from whence came Bliss, Blithe, and
Bonnet; and the Dairymaid, or Moss Rose tribe, from which are
descended Vivandiere, Camp Follower, and Soldier’s Bride. The
first of the Farewell tribe came from Darlington; the first of the
Broughton tribe from a dairy farmer in a village of that name, who
had some good cattle, but, pedigrees being slightly valued in those
days by the tenant-farmer class, nothing further is known about them. t¢
The first of the Dairymaid tribe came from an equally good stock in
the village of Scorton.

“In the year 1819, on the occasion of Mr. J. Booth’s marriage, Mr.
T. Booth removed to Warlaby, giving up to his son, Mr. J. Booth,
the Killerby estate and a part of the Short-horn herd, and taking the
remainder with him. A portion of the Fairholme or Blossom tribe,
and of the Old Red Rose tribe, were removed to Warlaby, the

* Mr. Booth’s herdsman.—L. F. A.

+ A fact like this may explain the want of pedigrees to the Kentucky importation of Short-
horns to America in the year 1817, only three years later than 1814.—L. F. A.

|

THE KILLERBY HERD: 10g

remainder being left with Mr. John Booth. The Halnaby family
was also divided, but the famous Bracelet tribe was all left at Killerby.
From this period down to the year 1835, when Mr. R. Booth suc-
ceeded to his father’s herd at Warlaby, there is comparatively little
known of the two herds. ‘The times were unpropitious for the Short-
horn. ‘The spirit of improvement which the example of the Collings
had evoked only partially survived. ‘There was a general depression
in all agricultural produce, and consequently but little demand for
animals, the purchase of which appeared at that time to partake so
much of the nature of a speculation. Not yet did

‘Generous Britons venerate the plow,’

or regard with respect bucolic occupations. A man gained more
eclat by a display of science and judgment in going across country
than in the breeding of cattle. In some districts, a gentleman almost
lost caste by devoting himself to such ignoble pursuits, and was sar-
castically dubbed, by his companions in the pink, ‘cow-scratcher.’*
“But though ‘fallen on evil days,’ the stock at Killerby was of
high character, and was frequently resorted to by the few good breed-
ers of that period for the purchase of animals. It is a house where
all comers were, and still are, regaled with the welcome of the olden
times. Killerby is one of the pleasantest of the pleasant homes of
England. It is a substantial, square, manor-house, picturesquely
situated on a gentle eminence to the south of the river Swale, and
two miles from Catterick, the site of the once important Roman
camp and city of Cataractonium. The house occupies the site of
the ancient castle of Killerby, once a stronghold of great magnitude,
founded in the reign of Edward the First by Sir Brian Fitzalan, Earl
of Arundel. It is approached by a road winding through verdant
pastures thrown together into the form of a park, adorned here and
there with noble elm and walnut trees. The estate consists of about
500 acres of arable and pasture land. The soil, which is very mixed—
gravel, strong clay, marl, and peat being sometimes found in the same
field—is more adapted for sheep than heavy cattle, though there are
two or three excellent pastures. Several of the inferior grass fields
have been plowed up of late, and heavy crops of oats and turnips
grown in their place, which has allowed the number of sheep kept to:
be greatly increased. Although half-bred sheep are occasionally seen

* It will be seen that there were ebbs and flows in the demand for Short-horns in those days,—
most mistakenly for the interests of the stock breeding public,—as there have been since.—
ie EA.

IIo FS LORY 30 7 EEE) SE ORE ORINIS.

on the farm for summer grazing, the staple stock are pure Leicesters,
for the wool of which Mr. J. B. Booth, the present owner, has gained
several prizes at the Yorkshire shows.

“The late Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, was known and beloved
throughout the county as a strikingly genial example of the worthy
and hospitable northern agriculturist, ever devoting himself to the
service of his friends (and he had many) to the advancement of
agricultural improvement. The humblest, equally with the most
important, agricultural societies might always rely on his good offices,
whether as patron or judge, in which latter capacity being confessedly
unrivaled, he was in great request, and would most good naturedly
consent to officiate, though his doing so involved the exclusion of
his own cattle from competition. As might have been expected,
from his fine and manly character, he was also a keen sportsman;
like Chaucer’s squire,

‘Well could he sitte a horse and faire y-ride ;’

and Yorkshire, that modern Thessaly of horsemen, knew no more
thorough judge of hack or hunter. His skill in this respect still
survives in his sons; many a field and many a showyard testify that
in this regard, as in others, Killerby has not degenerated from its
ancient fame. He had, too, a natural taste for the fine arts, and
when from illness he could not go far from home, he had his horses
led out, and would sit on the lawn, or in the hall, to paint them.
Here, too, his taste survives, and if I touch lightly on the subject it
is because more delicate fingers now hold the brush, and I would
not trespass unbidden upon the elegant recreations of Killerby’s fair
Mistress. |

“When, on the establishment of the national shows in 1839, the
superiority of the Killerby Short-horns had been proved in contest
with the best animals of the day, the herd attracted many visitors,
and its inspection was as free to all classes as were the fruits of its
owner’s experience in breeding, which he was ever ready to commu-
nicate to the neophyte. It may not be uninteresting to the present
fair enthusiasts in Short-horn matters to learn, that in the absence of
her husband, the late Mrs. Booth—a lady who will long be remem-
Sered in that neighborhood for her benevolent disposition and
engaging manners—would herself most affably do the honors of the
herd, leading the way to her especial favorites, and expatiating on
their pedigrees, points, and perfections, sometimes with a dash of
arch humor, and always with the grace and delicacy of the thorough-

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THE SRILLERBY HERD: IIl

bred laay that she was. Mrs. Booth’s sister, Miss Wright, had an
equally keen appreciation of the merits of a good Short-horn, and
would stop any one of kindred tastes, who happened to be passing
through Cleasby, to have a chat on her favorite topic, or to lead them
to the Garth (since known by his name), where in the fullness of his
days and honors repose the remains of Comet (155).”*

At Killerby the herd was carefully bred, and many fine animals
reared, which are duly mentioned and exalted as prize-takers at the
shows, truly, no doubt, by Mr. Carr, but which we have not space to
record—all being represented in the volumes of the English Herd
Books of the times. Among the cows, very deep milkers are occa-
sionally named. Mr. Carr remarks:

“It does not appear that Mr. John Booth was a very frequent
competitor in the show-fields until the establishment of the Royal
and Yorkshire Shows in 1839. Before this time Short-horn cattle
were kept chiefly for dairy and grazing purposes; the majority of
the male stock were steered, and many a fine heifer that took the
butcher’s eye was converted into Christmas beef. Necklace and
Bracelet [twin heifer calves of Toy, before named] shared the pas-
ture and the straw-yard with the ordinary stock of the farm until
nearly two years old. As calves they never had more milk than their
dam, who suckled them both, supplied; and, throughout the whole
of their victorious career, they derived their chief support from the
pasture, with a daily feed of corn meal and [oil] cake. Yet Bracelet
won seventeen prizes at the various meetings of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society of England, the Highland Society of Scotland, the
Yorkshire Society, and other local shows; and at the Yorkshire Show
in 1841, where she won the first prize for extra stock, the sweepstakes
for the best lot of cattle not less than four in number, was awarded
to Bracelet, Necklace, Mantalini, and Ladythorn. Necklace won
sixteen prizes and one gold and three silver medals at the various
meetings above mentioned, as well as at the Smithfield Club, t where
she finished her career as a prize-taker in 1846, by winning the first
prize of her class and the gold medal (for which there were thirty-
seven competitors) as the best animal exhibited in any of the cow or
heifer classes.”

After relating at some length the practice of Mr. Booth’s close
breeding, (for the brothers seldom bred any bulls of strange blood
into their herds after they had become permanently established, unless

* Vide page 75, ante.—L. F. A.
+ The Smithfield Show at London, is for fu#, and not breeding animals.—L. F. A.

=

112 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

to take a single cross, and then at once to return to the blood of their
own stock,) and the names of sundry prize animals of the herd, Mr.
Carr remarks:

“Jt has been asserted by over-zealous advocates of the system of
close interbreeding, that the crosses of Mussulman, Lord Lieutenant,
Matchem, and others, introduced scarcely any fresh blood into the
Booth herds; for inasmuch as no alien bulls were used but those
whose veins were surcharged with the blood of Favorite, the recourse
to them was nothing more than a recurrence to, or renewal of, the
old family strain; but this is really only what is true of every well-
bred Short-horn of the period, and therefore proves nothing. Take
any one of them, and trace back the pedigree of each of its progeni-
tors (whose numbers of course increase each generation back in a
geometrical progression), and this bull Favorite will be found to recur
directly and indirectly a surprising number of times. The following
elaborate calculations, for which I am indebted to the Rev. J. Storer,
of Hellidon, may be quoted in illustration of this: Mussulman is
64 times descended from Favorite; namely, through Magnum Bonum
30, through Pirate 22, through Houghton g, through Marshal Blucher
3; total, 64 times. Lord Lieutenant was 106 times descended from
Favorite, and Matchem 52 times. Crown Prince is 1,055 times
descended from Favorite, and Red Rose by Harbinger 1,344 times.
So the produce of the two are descended from him 2,399 times.
But work out the Duchesses or any Short-horns of good blood, and
the result will be found very much the same. It will not do, there-
fore, to claim bulls as of kindred blood on this ground only.
Moreover, it must in candor be admitted by the advocates of in-and-
in breeding that a careful consideration of the above facts leads to
one unavoidable conclusion. Very strong in-and-in breeding is a
totally different thing in our case from what it was in the case of the
earlier breeders, the Collings and Mr. Thomas Booth—so different
that there can be but little analogy between the two cases. They
bred in-and-in from animals which had little or no previous affinity.
We breed in-and-in from animals full of the same blood to begin
with. In our case the via media, and therefore the wa salutis, would
seem to lie in the adoption of two apparently opposite principles—
in-and-in breeding, and fresh blood. It is manifest, however, that this
latter principle should be acted upon with extreme caution, or to a
very limited extent, when it is desirable to preserve and perpetuate
the distinctive type of any particular tribe, especially when, as in the
Warlaby herd, there is no visible deterioration in symmetry, sub-

THE WARLABY. HERD. 302)

stance, or stamina, or any want of fertility traceable to in-and-in
breeding. Yet even in such cases it is doubtless advisable to have
occasional recourse to remote alliances, taking care to have as many
removes as possible between members of the same family; or, where
using bulls nearly related to the cows, giving preference to such as
have been subjected to different conditions of life, it being a well-
known physiological fact that a change of soil and climate effects
perhaps almost as great a change in the constitution as would result
from an infusion of other blood.” *

These remarks would, perhaps, be more in place when on the sub-
ject of breeding, but finding them here in connection with the Booth
system, now under discussion, they will be duly considered by the
reader.

In July, 1852, the Killerby herd was sold at auction. The sale
was largely attended by breeders from all parts of the kingdom. At
that time there was an unusual depression in all agricultural values;
the prices at which the cattle sold were comparatively low, and did
not realize at all what their several merits and celebrity demanded.
Some of them afterwards changed hands and sold for thrice the
prices they brought at the Booth sale.

Mr. J. Booth retained a few choice cows from the general sale,
which Mr. Carr says were of “distinguished lineage, and if more
recent in their origin, have given rise to other families proved to
trace that origin to the herds of the Booths, and the quiet meadows
of Killerby.” Mr. J. Booth continued at Killerby until his death, in
1857, when his sons, Thomas C. and John, came into possession of
his herd.

THE WaARLABY HERD.

“Tt is now necessary to take a retrospect of the herd at Warlaby,
commencing with the year 1835, when Mr. Richard Booth, inheriting
the estate, went to reside there. Mr. Booth’s residence at Warlaby
is a modest, unassuming, country house. It stands environed by
well-timbered paddocks, in a rich meadowy tract of country, bounded
by distant hills, and known as the Vale of the Wiske. It is one mile
from the village of Ainderby, of which it is a hamlet, and about
three from Northallerton, the central town of the North-Riding, in
Yorkshire. The farm, as occupied by Mr. Booth, consisted of 310
acres, about half in pasture; other farms then let off, have since his

* Sound physiological principle that should be heeded by all careful breeders.—L. F. A.

8

114 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

‘death been added to it. The land is better in character than that at
Killerby; it is chiefly clayey loam, and grows fine wheat and turnips,
and long hay. The pastures are well adapted for cows, but unsuited
for sheep, because liable to be flooded. The River Wiske, which
still retains its Gaelic name, Uisg (water), being the most sluggish of
all the North Yorkshire brooks, and having the shallowest stream-
channel, frequently overflows the lower pastures, and large, deep
ditches, which have been fatal to many a good cow, intersect the
fields to carry off the water.

“The house was everything that an old bachelor or his friends
could require; and many a visitor there can bear testimony that
within its walls reigned supreme the open-hearted northern hospi-
tality to an extent that Southrons know not. Many a valuable cup
and hard-won medal may there be seen; the portrait of many a
prize-taker decorates its rooms; and many a pleasant hour has been
spent and ancient story told in that quiet Short-horn home, while
the genuine old Squire

Refilled his pipe, ‘and showed how fields were won.’

“Shortly after settling at Warlaby, Mr. Richard Booth had quite
made up his mind to give up the breeding of Short-horns, and had
already sold individual animals from the Strawberry and Moss Rose
tribes, when a bantering remark made by a gentleman in the neigh-
borhood, to the effect that ‘the Booths had lost their Blood,’ incited
him to change his purpose, and put his friend’s assertion to the proof.
The Warlaby herd had for some years past been kept very much in
the shade, Mr. Thomas Booth having been latterly intent only on
breeding useful animals, without aspiring to the honors, or courting
the notoriety of public exhibition; but Mr. Richard Booth felt
assured that it contained ample materials to enable him to guard the
laurels that had been bequeathed to him.”

After giving with such luxury of description the home of Richard
Booth and its hospitable occupant, Mr. Carr goes into an enumera-
tion of most of the animals adopted as the bases of his productive
herd, for he had now made up his mind again to heartily enter the
list in competition with the other breeders of his vicinity for new
laurels and honors. He was an enthusiast in his love of Short-horns,
and as we before remarked having no domestic cares to withdraw his
attention, his whole mind was directed (as a Short-horn breeder’s
should be, if he means to excel) to the propagation and improvement
of his herd, and in it he eminently succeeded.

THE WARLABY HERD. II5

In glowing rhapsody of almost indiscriminate praise—and we do
not say that any portion of his descriptions are untruthful—Mr. Carr
occupies fifty further pages with the names of animals which Richard
Booth bred, the tribes to which they belonged, the prizes he won, and
the applause he drew as a successful breeder. One author relates:

“Tt has been reported that Mr. Booth refused for his cow Queen
of the May, an offer of 1500 guineas,* the highest price ever bidden
for a Short-horn. The circumstances—which are given on the late
Mr. R. Booth’s authority—are these: Two gentlemen from America,
apparently agents for an American company, came to see the herd,
and when they saw Queen of the May were completely riveted by
the fascination of her beauty. After dwelling for some time upon
her perfections, they inquired of Mr. Booth whether he would part
with her. He replied that he ‘would not sell her for the highest
price ever given for a Short-horn.’ ‘That, sir,’ said one of them,
‘was, I believe, 1200 guineas?’ Mr. Booth answered in the affirma-
tive. They consulted together, and asked him whether he would
take 1500 guineas, which Mr. Booth declined to do, remarking that
if she bred a living calf, and he had the luck to rear it, she was
worth more to him to keep, and they relinquished her with regret,
leaving on Mr. Booth’s mind the impression that, if he had enter-
tained the idea, even that large amount might possibly not have been
their final offer.”

It appears, among other things, that Mr. Booth had fallen into the
recently growing absurd and destructive practice of “training” his
animals for the annual “Royal” and district exhibitions. This was
no less than loading them with excessive fat in order to win prizes.
This mode of “training” injured them for months, or years, and in
frequent instances for life, as breeders, bulls and cows alike, and him-
self, in common with others, severely suffered in consequence. Yet
knowing the ill effects of such practice, it is still kept up in England,
and we fear that it will yet leap across the ocean, to some extent, in
America. We trust not, but there is no knowing to what extremes
of rivalry our spirited breeders may venture to win the honors so
eagerly sought at our public exhibitions. This system, Mr. Carr says,
Mr. Booth “strongly deprecated,” but was obliged to fall into it or
give up showing his animals in competition at the exhibitions.

At Warlaby, in the enjoyment of an ample estate, surrounded by
faithful servants, happy in the fidelity of his old herdsman, “Cuddy,”

* A higher price has been offered and refused in the United States fora cow. Both offer and
refusal were dona fide, as we know.—L. F. A.

116 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

who was frequently assisted in his minor duties by his equally faithful
and brave-hearted old wife, “ Nanny;” his trusty fac totum, John White,
living on the farm from his boyhood, “who was butler, waiting servant,
and valet to him, as well as registrar-general of the births, deaths,
and marriages, and all else that transpired in the Warlaby herd,”
Richard Booth lived, dispensing a wide hospitality to his friends and
acquaintances, and, in his charities, ever mindful of the needy.

“When illness had confined Mr. Booth to the house, and Cuddy
had become less active, John made it his business, in addition to his
household duties, to keep a watchful eye on the cattle—especially
the young or ailing ones—in the neighborhood of the house. So
admirably did he discharge this self-imposed duty, so methodical
were his habits, so retentive his memory, and so scrupulous his
observance of his master’s orders, that the ac#ve management of the
herd mainly devolved upon his shoulders, and Mr. Booth found him
an invaluable auxiliary.

“Last, not least, came doughty Willie Jacques, the farm-bailiff,
who had been upwards of forty years in the family. He first lived
with Mr. R. Booth at Studley, who sent him to Warlaby in the old
master’s time, to take the management of the arable land and work
people. Willie Jacques’ pride was rather in the nameless nonde-
scripts of the farm, the bullocks and half-bred heifers, which converted
his marvelous root and clover crops into goodly rounds and lordly
barons of marbled beef, than in the pampered aristocrats of the herd,
born to consume the fruits of the soil whether earned or not. Proud
as Willie was of their triumphs in the show-field, nothing exasperated
him like the failure on the part of any of them to contribute their
yearly quota towards the increase of the herd. Willie Jacques had a
capital head for tillage and general farming, and was always at his
post, from which nothing could move him but the Christmas Fat
Show at Smithfield. ‘I’se seea thrang I canna gang,’ was his answer
to all invitations. Curt of speech and unceremonious in bearing was
Willie Jacques in his sturdy northern independence; but get him
upon the subject of his kind old master, and all the frost of his
nature melted away, and you found that under that dry, almost blunt
manner, a heart as kindly as a child’s was hidden. In one of the
rooms at Warlaby hung an admirable portrait of this highly respecta-
ble and respected steward of the Warlaby estate.

“But there was one other personage, to forget whom in a sketch of
Warlaby would be fatal to the character of any historian—a person-
age who, though seldom visible, has contributed to the visitor, perhaps

THE. WARLABY HERD. Ty,

not the least comfortable reminiscence which an Englishman carries
away with him from any place of passing interest; and that is Ann,
faithful Ann, that white-bibbed paragon of natty spruceness—the
housekeeper. She came, nobody knows how many years ago, to
nurse the, former housekeeper, an old friend of hers, who was ill, and
who died at Warlaby; and Ann continued until Master could find
one to suit him, which he never did, and so Ann remained still; and
many are the visitors who can testify to the excellence of the pigeon
ples, apricot tarts, and other delectable cates, which those brisk and
clever hands have fabricated.”

This is a delightful picture, and we are happy to chronicle it in
such happy connection. “The good old man” died with the resig-
nation of a Christian, October 31, 1864, at the ripe age of seventy-six
years, and was buried “beneath the shade of the old gray tower of
Ainderby, which looks down upon the scene of his useful and quiet
labors. But Warlaby is there still, and his kith and kin retain its
hall and herd.”

We here take our leave of Mr. Carr and his interesting history,
and can only refer those wishing further particulars relating to the
recent breeding of the Booth stock, to the book itself. The present
Thomas C. Booth succeeded to the Warlaby estate, and a considera-
ble part of the herd, on the death of his uncle Richard. The labors
and sagacity of the Booth family—father and sons—whatever merits
may be truthfully given to their contemporaries, place them, with the
Collings, in the roll of benefactors. As to the improvements made
by the Booths in the style or merits of their stock we have little, if
anything to say, as so many of their cattle, and their direct descend-
ants, are now alive, both in England and America, that every observer
can form his own individual opinion. In their practice of breeding
they followed the Collings; that is, breeding chiefly within the blood
of their own herds, only going beyond them when they supposed by
such course they could supply a deficiency of quality, and that
object achieved, returning to their own blood as the polar star of
their progress. ‘That they bred eminently fine cattle no one will
dispute; but whether they have proved preéminent in a@// the fine
qualities which ferfect a Short-horn, those conversant with them
will judge. They have a style, in some respects, peculiarly their own,
and as with all other animals of prominent mark, have their warm
advocates, as well as those who look upon them with less favor.

118 HISTORY OPEL EE SHOR i OR Nis:

GiCAGP dE Revave
Tuomas BATES—HiIs SHORT-HORNS AND THEIR BREEDING.

PARTIALLY contemporary in time, but much younger in years, Mr.
Bates came onto the stage during the full career of the Collings and
the elder Booth. He established himself as a breeder in the later
days of the Collings, and obtained his earliest Short-horns directly
from Charles, and afterwards from the herds of Robert, which formed
the foundation for his ultimate success in breeding.

We have recently been favored with a book entitled “ Zhe History
of the Improved Short-horn or Durham Cattle, and of the Kirkleaving-
ton Herd, from the Notes of the late Thomas Bates, with a Memotr by
Thomas Bell, Brockton House, Eccleshall, Staffordshire.” ‘The book
contains 375 pages, small octavo, compiled by one who intimately
knew Mr. Bates, and for many years was a tenant and herdsman on
a portion of the very considerable farm which Mr. Bates occupied at
Kirkleavington, not far from Darlington.

Of Mr. Bates, we have for more than thirty years past known
somewhat, both in his various writings, from what other Englishmen
have written about him, and from men on both sides of the Atlantic,
who were personally acquainted with him and his herds of cattle, so
much as to learn his personal character, his manner of breeding, and
the extent of success which he achieved in the long course of his
action. From Mr. A. B. Allen, of New York City, who visited Eng-
land in the year 1841, and for some time was a guest of Mr. Bates,
we obtained the first particulars of him as a Short-horn breeder, and
through Mr. A., as editor of the “American Agriculturist,”’ he was
first prominently introduced to the acquaintance of the Short-horn
breeders of the United States. A few of his animals had previ-
ously—in the year 1834—come to America through the purchases
of an importing company formed in the Scioto Valley, Ohio. Not
long afterwards he sent over, as a present, to Kenyon College, in Ohio,
two or three animals. In 1840 he sold to Mr. George Vail, of Troy,
N. Y., a bull and cow, which will be hereafter noticed.

THOMAS BATES’ BREEDING. 12 ge)

While at his home in 1841, Mr. Bates told Mr. Allen that he
intended to write a history of the Short-horns for publication, and
had already made many notes for that purpose. That history, how-
ever, he never wrote out, nor published. From those notes and
various letters and other publications left by him, at a period of twenty
years after his decease Mr. Bell has compiled his book, together with
various collateral matter drawn from the writings of others, and inter-
spersed with occasional notes of his own, some few of which are
original with himself.

Of Mr. Bell’s book, its matter and compilation, we have but little
to say, as a Zterary labor. It lacks methodical arrangement. It has
not even an index, other than the discursive titles at the heads of its
several parts, or chapters, and they in no consecutive order of sub-
ject, time, or place. Its chronology is deficient, few dates being
given, and what there are of them playing hither and thither in
ambuscade, as may happen during a period of sixty years, disjointed
and difficult to connect. In the absence of quotation marks in the
text, we hardly know what is the composition of Mr. Bates, and what
the compiler’s, except by guess, while the various letters and public
addresses of Mr. Bates and others are appropriately marked, but in
the same disordered arrangement of time as the other parts of the
work; yet, by close examination, we can understand them. The
book is not, in fact, a lucid history of either the Short-horns, or even
of Mr. Bates, or his cattle breeding, but rather loose memoranda and
sketches of history left by Mr. Bates and others. We exceedingly
regret that during his life time Mr. Bates himself could not have
written out his memoranda—for he was capable of doing it—and left
to the world an intelligible general Azstory of the Short-horns, as well
as those of his own breeding. Such a work should have been done
by an Englishman, capable of performing it. To obtain a continuous
narrative of Mr. Bates’ proceedings one is obliged to skip over numer-
ous pages, and then turn back to keep a thread of his “history,” and
arrive at a clear understanding of his action. Still, there is much
valuable matter scattered throughout the book which, by diligent
research, the reader may appropriate and digest into important
information. Yet, bating its deficiencies, we are thankful for the
work Mr. Bell has given us, as some new facts, through Mr. Bates’
version of them, are stated in his memoranda, containing important
information, which, if not hitherto secret, or but partially known,
throw light on disputed questions, setting previous inaccuracies at
rest.

120 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Although from what we had previously learned of Mr. Bates, we
deemed him a man addicted to controversy, prejudices, and crotchets,
his writings now show him actually to be such, for his biographer has
covered nothing of these foibles, although his compilations truthfully
illustrate him as of unexceptionable private character, and decided
moral worth. The crowning ambition of his life to breed and furnish
the world a herd of Short-horns that should exhibit to posterity his
skill as a breeder is fully developed. So much for the book.’ We
propose to give from this and other authorities a synopsis of Mr.
Bates’ life and proceedings in all that is important to be known relat-
ing to him and his stock-breeding career, without either partiality or
prejudice, and if in the course of our remarks we sometimes touch
on his inconsistencies, or censure his assertions, it will only be in the
cause of truth and accuracy of historical facts.

With all his partialities and prejudices, Mr. Bates was sound in
heart and morals; he blurted out his opinions irrespective of whom
they pleased or offended, and if he sometimes made enemies, he had
also his warm, attached friends. He was rather tory in his politics, a
decided “ protectionist,” and an advocate of the “corn laws” in prin-.
ciple; a statesman to some extent, in his teachings, which his early
good education, together with his naturally broad and clear observa-
tion of the times, had helped him to become. He was kind to the
poor, liberal in his charities, both private and public, a sound adhe-
rent of the established church—rather of the “low” order—a com-
panion and associate among the most intelligent classes of men, and
like others of generous sympathies, loved the distinction and honors
that were frequently conferred upon him. His personal habits were
abstemious and temperate; his hospitality was open, genial, and lib-
eral, to peer, or peasant; his hand ever free to the claims of distress ;
his conversation winning, and open-hearted, abounding in well-told
anecdote, and sparkles of wit; his affections kindly, and although a
life-long bachelor, he loved children, whose companionship was always
a source of pleasure to him. In short, bating his minor eccentricities
of character, like very many Short-horn breeders of his own and the
present day, Mr. Bates was—a GENTLEMAN—with some oddities.

Thomas Bates was born on one of the estates belonging to the
Dukedom of Northumberland, in the year 1775, in the valley of the
river Tyne, on a place called Tyneside, at Ovington Hall, of a respect-
able family, among the elder branches of which had been a Member
of Parliament, a Professor in the Colleges, and a Divine of the Church.
In his boyhood he was early sent to a grammar school; afterwards

THOMAS BATES’ BREEDING. 21

spent a considerable time in the University at Edinburgh, and
received a good education. Being of rather a slender constitution,
and studious in habit, he was intended for the Church; but that
calling not suiting his more active temperament, he chose agriculture
as a profession. He began his agricultural education at Aydon
Castle, in the neighborhood of which lived George Culley, an emi-
nent stock breeder and agricultural writer, from whom young Bates
in his frequent intimacies took sound lessons in his newly-chosen
pursuit. This period of his life must have been at about sixteen or
seventeen years of age; but according to some of his own remarks
in later years, he speaks of knowing the Collings and their stock as
early as 1782. So early a day, however, we think a mistake, as in
that year he could only have been five or six years old. There are
other anachronisms of date in some of his narrations of events, inad-
vertent, possibly, but which, if true, would make him many years
older than he is stated. In an article written by him in 1842, he says:
“Tt is zow above sixty years since I became impressed with the im-
portance of selecting the very best animals to breed from, and for
twenty-five years afterwards lost no opportunity of ascertaining the
merits of the various tribes of Short-horns.” This would put his
birth back some years anterior to 1775, the date given by his biogra-
pher, as he could scarcely be expected to have much judgment in
the way of cattle before he was at least twelve or fifteen years old.
There may possibly be an error as to his birth in 1775, as we have
heard it remarked by several persons who knew him not long previ-
ous to his death in 1849, that he must, from appearances and his own
statements, have been at the time of their conversations with him,
although active and vigorous, quite eighty years of age. The fact,
is now of little consequence; but that at a very early age he had
imbibed a passionate love of farm stock, there can be no question.
After a few years at Aydon Castle, and under his majority, he
became a tenant farmer under his father on the estate of Park End,
in the vale of North Tyne, where he showed his aptitude for farming
and improving land, fencing, and various other economies in agricul-
ture. There he remained until the year 1800, when he took the
extensive farm and estate of Halton Castle, also in Northumberland,
where he began stock rearing and grazing on his own account. It
appears that he first adopted the Kyloes, or West Highland cattle,
which it was the custom to drive in large numbers from the rougher
lands in Scotland down to the richer farms of the north of England,
to fatten for market. Soon afterwards, these not altogether suiting

122 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

his purpose, he made a visit to the Collings, and was attracted by the
superior qualities of the Short-horns of their several herds. He saw
the “Durham Ox,” bred and reared by Charles, and the peerless
“White Heifer that Traveled,” bred by Robert, and immediately
concluded to adopt that blood for his future breeding.

At this point it may be well to mention that Mr. Bates had by gifts
from his father and his own earnings come into possession of several
thousand pounds, with which to commence and prosecute farming
and stock breeding on a considerable scale, and although a “tenant
farmer,” a comparatively large amount of capital was necessary to.
establish himself in that branch of business. “At entering on the
farm at Halton Castle he received from his father many excellent
cattle, and also the improved Leicester sheep. He also obtained
some Cleveland bay horses, which at that time had been bred to
great perfection on Tyneside. ‘The swine, and even poultry, did not
escape his attention; but it was to his herds of cattle that he devoted
his greatest attention. He bought cows of Messrs. Colling in 1800,
but I can find no record of them.”* It appears that so far as the
Short-horns were concerned he soon made a determination to obtain
the very best animals which his purse would command, of unimpeach-
able blood, and without regard to the profits he should make from
them, establish a herd second to none other, and found an enduring
reputation as a breeder. ‘This determination, therefore, may be the
key to the various controversies in which he was afterwards engaged,
and the acrimony with which some of his future correspondence with
other breeders was tainted, and into which he was probably goaded
by their accusations upon him. Of positive convictions, and deter-
mined purposes, he had the pecuniary means to prosecute his plans,
and hesitated at nothing which should honestly accomplish them.

On looking over the Colling herds his attention was peculiarly
attracted to the stock descended from the “Stanwick,” or first
“Duchess” cow (of which Charles had become possessed in 1784),
and the bull Hubback, which it did not appear that Colling himself
so highly appreciated as to retain it solely to his own use. In a
letter written by Mr. Bates to “ Zhe New Farmer's Journal,” in
November, 1842, he gives this account: “Having purchased my
original cow Duchess [calved in 1800, got by Daisy bull (186)], of
this tribe of cattle, of the late Charles Colling thirty-eight years ago.”
With some notes on several remarkable animals which he had seen

* Bell’s History, pp. 119-20.

THOMAS BATES’ BREEDING. 123

of this stock, he continues: “TI selected “his ¢ride of Short-horns as
superior to all other cattle, not only as small consumers, but as great
growers, and quick grazers, with the finest quality of beef. My first
Duchess calved at Halton Castle, June 7, 1807. She was kept on
grass only, in a pasture with nineteen other cows, and made in butter
and milk for some months above two guineas per week.” Not know-
ing the prices of either milk by the gallon, or butter by the pound,
at that time, a statement of the quantity of each, which the cow
made, would be more satisfactory to readers of the present day.

The pedigree of his original cow, above named, of the Duchess
tribe, runs thus: Got by Daisy Bull (186) [Daisy Bull was by Favor-
ite (252), dam by Punch (531), gr. d. by Hubback (319)], out of
Duchess, by Favorite (252),—Duchess, by Hubback (319),—(Stan-
wick) Duchess, by James Brown's red bull (97). This cow Mr. Bates
took to his farm at Halton Castle. Finding by the use of Short-horn
bulls on his Highland cows how wonderfully it improved their size
and quality as feeding animals, he was now fully confirmed of their
superior value when in their purity of blood.

The cow “Duchess, by Daisy Bull,” had produced Charles Colling
a heifer, by Favorite (252), before, and in the same year that Bates
purchased her, which heifer Colling retained. The year succeeding
that in which Mr. Bates purchased the cow, she produced the bull
Ketton (709), also by Favorite, which he retained for his subsequent
breeding. Producing no heifer calves to him, Bates sold the cow in
the year 1809, to a Mr. Donkin. While in the latter hands she bred
several calves, but her heifers, if she had any, left no produce. At
seventeen years of age, having done breeding, she was fed off and
made an excellent carcass of beef. She was always a great milker.

Having his eye continually on this Duchess blood, at the final sale
of Charles Colling’s herd in 1810, a two-year-old heifer, “Young
Duchess,” by Comet (155), dam by Favorite (252), gr. d. by Daisy
Bull (186), etc. [this gr. d. being the same “ Duchess, by Daisy Bull,”
previously purchased of Colling by Mr. Bates], was advertised in the
herd to be sold. She was a granddaughter of “Duchess, by Daisy
Bull,” and as will be seen by the pedigree above mentioned, closely
interbred to the blood of Favorite (252). This heifer Bates deter-
mined to possess, but fearing to openly bid for her himself, (as AZrs.
Colling, who was as shrewd and knowing a manager in the cattle line
as her husband, and had well known of Bates’ predilections for that
blood, might covertly run her up to an exorbitant price,) he got another
party to do the bidding, and the heifer was struck off to him at 183

124 HWISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

guineas (a trifle over $900).* Much chagrin was afterwards mani-
fested by the Collings when they found that Bates was the purchaser,
and Mrs. C. declared to him that had they known it was his bid that
was made, the heifer would have been run up to twice or thrice the
amount before he could have taken her! So it appears there was
some chicanery practiced in those early days of cattle sales. Bates,
however, triumphed on the result of his bargain, as in this heifer he
had secured, as it afterwards proved, his grand success and crowning .
glory as a Short-horn breeder. He called the heifer Duchess rst,
(the first one of her tribe recorded in the Herd Book,) and in his
hands she became the founder, on the female side, of his Duchess
tribe, which he exclusively bred for thirty-nine years afterwards, and
which are continued in the hands of several owners in England and
America to the present day.

Mr. Colling had been in possession of the tribe since he bought
the original Duchess (Stanwick) cow, in the year 1784, twenty-six
years previous to this transfer of Duchess rst to Mr. Bates, so that
the tribe on the side of their dams at the present time shows an
unbroken lineage of eighty-eight years.

In 1821 Mr. Bates left Halton, and removed to a farm of 300 acres,
at Ridley Hall—whether in Northumberland or Durham, we are not
informed—which he had purchased (tenant right, we suppose) in
1818, and remained nine years, until 1830; but the place not alto-
gether suiting him, and being rather inconvenient of access, he
purchased Kirkleavington, an estate of about rooo acres, in the valley
of the Tees, and removed there in that year. He had now, by vari-
ous manipulations and profitable trades in the disposition of his
farms and otherwise, together with a legacy from an aunt, become
possessed of about £20,000 ($100,000), which afforded him ample
means with which to prosecute his cattle breeding and. other labors,
and gave him leisure to take part in the political, as well as econom-
ical questions of the day, touching the agricultural interests of the
country.

Kirkleavington is thus described: “It is pleasantly situated on
rising ground in the vale of Cleveland, and mostly on the new red
sandstone formation. It contains some excellent grass land. It had
been the seat of the Percys, and afterwards belonged to the Strath-
more family, and was many years occupied by the Maynards, well

* The only bull of the pure Duchess blood in Colling’s possession at the 1810 sale—Duke
(226)—was sold to Anthony Compton, Carham Hall, Northumberland, for ro5 guineas.

| rit ie 7% i
: nies an oy | *
a & *,
1 aia Pos aaiel
et ai} de
se a

REE

(155).

DUCHESS ist, BY COMET.

THOMAS BATES’ BREEDING. 125

known in Short-horn history.”* To Kirkleavington, in the midst of
the famed Short-horn localities, which surrounded it, he brought his
cattle stock of the several families of which it was at the time com-
posed. In possession of Duchess rst, by Comet (155), in the year 1810,
he had worked industriously on by the use of the “ Ketton” bulls, with
her breeding. Down to the year 1819 that cow had produced him
four heifer calves, viz.: Duchess 2d and 34d, by Ketton rst (907);
Duchess 4th and 5th, by Ketton 2d (710); and one bull [Cleveland
(146) ], by Ketton 3d (349). These Kettons were solely of the Duchess
tribe, and as closely interbred as may be imagined, which their pedi-
grees will show. Yet it appears that Mr. Bates was not altogether
satisfied with the exclusive use of the Duchess blood in his bulls. He
once remarked to a gentleman who told us the fact, (and we have seen
the same statement under his own name,f) that he at one time offered
Robert Colling roo guineas ($500) to have his rst Duchess, by Comet
(155), served by his “White bull” (151), whose dam and granddam
were both by Favorite (252). “White bull” was of the “Princess”
tribe, closely related to the Duchess, but strangers on the remote
d m’s side to the blood of the latter, she running back several gen-
erations to “Studley bull” (626). Colling refused the offer, and
Bates was disappointed.

Down to the year 1831 Mr. Bates had bred thirty-two Duchess
cows, and in the production of all he had used his bulls of purely
Duchess blood with the exceptions of Marske (418),{ which was sire
to Duchess 7th, 8th and 9th, and Young Markse (419), § which was
sire to Duchess 11th. Still, having no other resource that suited him
for a bull outside of his own herd, and holding an abiding faith in
the value of the Duchess blood beyond any other than what was
contained in “Colling’s White bull” (151), and which latter blood, in
the crosses that he particularly liked, had hitherto been out of his
reach, he bred on with his Duchess bulls—after the Kettons—Cleve-
land (146); The Earl (646); The 2d Earl (1511); The 3d Earl
(1514); and 2d Hubback (1423),|| down to the year 1831, in which

* Bell’s History, p. 131.

+ Bates’ letter to ‘‘ Mark Lane Express,”’ written in 1842.

+ Marske was bred by Robert Colling, calved in 1806, got by Favorite (252), dam by Favorite
(252),—by Favorite (252),—by Punch (531),—by Hubback (319),—by Snowdon’s bull (612),—by
Masterman’s bull (422),—by Harrison’s bull (292),—by Studley bull (626), a pedigree full of the
best blood.

§ Young Marske was got by Marske (418), out of Duchess 4th, by Ketton 2d (710), etc. He
was of thorough Duchess descent excepting the cross through Marske, his sire.

| 2d Hubback was but half uve Duchess blood, being got by The Earl (646), out of Red Rese
ast, by Yarborough (705),—The American Cow, etc.

126 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

his 32d Duchess (the last one begotten exclusively by the Duchess
bulls, with the exception of the Marske and 2d Hubback crosses)
was calved.

With the production of Duchess 32d, Mr. Bates halted, and wisely.
From the possession of his Duchess 1st, in 1810, for a period of
twenty-two years, we find but thirty-one of her female descendants
recorded in the Herd Books. Phere were, meantime, sundry bulls
dropped from them, but mostly sold to other breeders, excepting those
which he had used in breeding, and even they had been, during some
seasons, let out for service to various parties. ‘The simple fact was,
the Duchess cows, as a whole, had not been prolific, or constant
breeders, through abortions or other causes, and whenever they passed
a year or two without breeding, he fed off and slaughtered them.*
‘The bulls descended from them showed no lack of virility, and Bates
still contended that the tribe had increased in their fineness of quality,
were admirable feeders, and good milkers when breeding. He was
at a stand how further to proceed, and was really—unhappy. He
had little faith in the blood of his neighboring breeders, however
good many of their ¢zzd@vidual animals might have been, (a crotchet
of his own, perhaps,) and although he had tried one or two of their
bulls on some of his other tribes of cows, he did not, except in two
or three individual cases, risk his Duchesses with them. From his
occasional attacks on their blood (for he was prone to speak his mind
freely of what he either liked or disliked) he had somewhat aroused
their ire, and could find no relief in anything they had to offer him,
if indeed, any offer of their assistance was made. He would not go
to the Booths, as they contended that four crosses of well-bred pedi-
gree bulls, on good, well-bred cows, originally without recorded pedi-
grees, were sufficient for the establishment of standard blood. Nor
would he go to Mason, Wetherell, Maynard, or any other of the old
breeders for a bull, as he found some flaw or other, more or less, in
their pedigrees, or with being tainted late in the last century with the
“Alloy” (Galloway) blood of Charles Colling, through the “Grandson
of Bolingbroke” (280).

Hearing that Mr. John Stephenson, living at Wolviston, about
twelve miles distant, had some stock descended from the Princess
tribe of Robert Colling (and of which Stephenson had become pos-
sessed through Sir Henry Vane Tempest, and his wife, the Countess
of Antrim, who had years before bought it from Colling), he rode

* Bcll’s History.

“eu! yy
hid.

wo we¥2 Ay wel
4 Lee

a

re

4
:
3

(1706).

BELVEDERE.

THOMAS BATES’ BREEDING. 127

over there one day to see whether he could find anything to suit
him. In passing a stable on his way to the house, through a window
Opening into it, he spied the fead of a bull which immediately
excited his curiosity. He went in and there saw Belvedere (1706).
He proceeded to the house, met Mr. Stephenson, and asked his
price for the bull. He had used him several years, being then,
in 1831, six years old, and not caring for further use of him, a
bargain was struck. The next day Mr. S. drove the bull to Kirk-
leavington, and Mr. Bates paid £50 (#250) for him. The bull’s
pedigree was fully ascertained to the satisfaction of Mr. Bates, being
essentially of the blood of Robert Colling’s White bull (151), through
descents of the same character, and he thus became established for
some years, as the future breeding bull of Mr. Bates’ herd. His
pedigree is thus given in Vol. 3, English Herd Book:

“(1706.) BELVEDERE.—Yellow roan, calved April 6, 1826, bred
by Mr. Stephenson, the property of Mr. Bates, Kirkleavington, near
Yarm, got by Waterloo (2816), dam Angelina 2d, by Young Wyn-
yard (2858),—Angelina, by Phenomenon (491),—Anne Boleyn, by
Favorite (252),—Princess, by Favorite (252) [bred by R. Colling,
and own sister to his White bull (151)],—by Favorite (252),—by
Hubback (319),—by Snowdon’s bull (612),—by James Masterman’s
bull (422),—by Mr. Harrison’s bull [bred by Mr. Waistell, of Burdon]
(292),* bought of Mr. Pickering, of Sedgefield, by Mr. Hall.” __

With the possession of Belvedere, in the next year he had by him
two Duchess heifers—33d from Duchess rgth, and 34th from Duchess
29th. In 1833 he had one heifer, Duchess 35th, by Gambier (2046)
[by Bertram (1716), bred by Mr. Whitaker, an outside cross alto-
gether from his Duchess tribe]. In 1834 he had two Duchesses, 36th
and 37th, by Belvedere. In 1835 he had 38th Duchess, by Norfolk
(2377) [bred by Whitaker, got by 2d Hubback (1423), one-fourth
part Duchess and the other three-fourths good blood, running back
into the Colling stock], and Duchess 39th, 4oth and 4rst, by Belve-
dere. In 1837 he had Duchess 42d and 43d, by Belvedere, which
were the last heifers of the tribe got by him.

On the introduction of Belvedere to his herd Mr. Bates used him
freely on his other tribes in which his crosses will be found on exam-
ination of their pedigrees in the Herd Books, up to the year 1837.
Having had the use of him now six years, and needing him no

* These figures, in the Herd Book, are a mistake, being (669), which we have corrected. (669)
is Waistell’s bull, got by Masterman’s bull, in Belvedere’s Herd Book pedigree.

(28 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

further, as he then had several young bulls got by him of Duchess
and other families; and determining that his blood go no further
directly into other hands than his own, he had him slaughtered.

In the year 1838 we find three Duchess heifers, 44th, 45th and 46th,
were produced by Short Tail (2621) (calved in 1835, by Belvedere, out
of Duchess 32d), and in 1839 three more, 47th, 48th and 49th, (48th
and 49th being twins), also by Short Tail. This bull, although fine
in quality, was inferior in size and not commanding in appearance,
yet Mr. Bates always said he was one of the best getters he had used.
He bred him freely to many of his cows outside of the Duchess tribe.
In the last named year (1839) he also had one Duchess, soth, by
Duke of Northumberland (1940) (calved in 1835, by Belvedere, out
of his own daughter, Duchess 34th, having two direct crosses of
Belvedere in him).

The crosses of Belvedere on the Duchess, as well as on the other
tribes of cows belonging to Mr. Bates, as he had anticipated, proved
eminently successful, as had also those of Short Tail and Duke of
Northumberland. The fame of this last named bull has been so
widely spread, both in tradition and history, that a further notice of
him is scarcely necessary. His pedigree is fully shown in the Eng-
lish Herd Book, and his qualities are familiarly known wherever the
Short-horns are intelligently bred.* His dam, Duchess 34th,t was a
remarkable cow, both as a milker and in the exceeding symmetry of
her form. At a year old she broke one of her legs, and was con-
fined in the stable, most of the time in slings, for the better part of a
year. Yet, when recovered, she grew up a stately cow, although
from her constant milking and continuous breeding, she was usually
low in flesh. She was never but once exhibited at a show, and then
at nine years old, took the first prize over one of—if not the very
best show cows in England at the time—Mr. Booth’s famous Neck-
lace, at four years old.

DuCHESS 34TH OFFERED TO GO TO AMERICA.

There is one fact which—years ago—we had publicly stated, and
since repeated, relating to this cow, which was that Mr. Bates early

* While Mr. Bates owned Duke of Northumberland (and he died his property) he was at vari-
ous times offered almost fabulous prices for him, but would not listen to any of them, deter-
mined that so good a bull should never go out of his own possession.

+ Duchess 34th produced six living calves, viz.: Duke of Northumberland (1940), 2d Duke ©
of Northumberland (3646), and Duchess 43d, all by Belvedere ; also Duchess 46th, and 3d and 4th
Dukes of Northumberland (3647) and (3649), by Short Tail (2621). Duchess 34th also produced
one premature birth, and another bull calf, which lived but two months, making eight calves in
all.

Page 128. DUCHESS 34th, BY BELVEDERE. (1701).

THE MATCHEM COW. 129

in the year 1834 offered to sell her, then two years old, to Mr. Felix
Renick, to be taken to the United States. This fact has been dis-
puted here—but only on the wegative testimony of a party who went
out with Mr. Renick, and did not personally hear either the offer or
its refusal. To set the truth of the fact at rest, which we stated (as
received in the year 1841, from Mr. A. B. Allen, of New York, to
whom Mr. Bates himself told it), we quote from a letter of Mr. Bates
to Mr. Renick, written a year or two after the latter was in England:
“Broken Leg (Duchess 34th), I offered you at 100 guineas. If you
were to send twenty times that sum for her and her produce, I would
not take it now.” ‘The full letter is found in “ Bell’s History,” p. 227.
She had, when the letter was written, produced the bull Duke of
Northumberland (1940) to Mr. Bates, and it proved fortunate for him
that Mr. Renick did not take her.

We here temporarily leave the Duchess tribe to notice a new intro-
duction into his herd, viz. :

THE MATCHEM Cow,

By which we arrive at another era in the choice breeding of Mr. Bates
through the infusion of a new cross of blood into his Duchess tribe,
and the history is too important to be omitted. We condense it from
Mr. Bates’ own account, as given in “ Zhe Mew Farmers’ Journal”
(English), dated August 6, 1841. “I purchased her in 1831, she then
being four years old, at the sale of Mr. Brown, who had purchased
her granddam at public sale many years before. The catalogue of
Mr. Brown’s sale only stated that the cow was by Matchem (228r),*
and her dam by Young Wynyard (2859). The pedigree then traced
no further—the original owner of the stock being dead previous to
the sale [at which Mr. Brown bought her|—but I have since learned
from those who knew the stock for many years, that the greatest

* The published pedigree of Matchem (2281), E. H. B., states that he was got by Bonny Face
(807) or St. Albans (1412), but the fact has since been generally conceded among the older breed-
ers that St. Albans was the true sire of Matchem. St. Albans was a pure Princess bull, being got
by Wynyard (703), out of Nell Gwynn, by Phenomenon (491),—Princess, by Favorite (252),—by
Favorite (252), etc., running back through Hubback (319) to Studley bull (626).

An odd story, connected with St. Albans, is related by Mr. Dixon in “‘ Saddle and Sirloin.”
The bull was at first called ‘ Prince,’ and fell into the hands of a Mr. Wood, who did not at all
appreciate him, and sold him to a dutcher, whom Mr. Mason covertly engaged to buy him for
#20 ($100). Three years afterwards Wood being at Chilton (Mr. Mason’s place), he caught a
glimpse of St. Alban’s ead, then fifteen years old, and exclaimed: ‘' Why, this zs my old
Prince; he was bought to kill.’ Mason, however, better knew the value of the bull. He had
re-named him St. Albans, and bred him in his herd, and the bull thus became the sire of a noted
progeny.—L. F. A.

9

130 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

attention had been paid to their breeding, and that the former owner
had only used bulls of the Wynyard or Princess blood from the time
the late Sir Henry Vane Tempest purchased that tribe from the late
Robert Colling, now near forty years ago.” *

To this Princess blood, as has already been observed, Mr. Bates
had always been attached, and now, in this Matchem cow, from her
appearance, and what he had learned of her breeding, he hoped for
good results in her produce—a/fter his own manner of obtaining them.
When he purchased her he put her into the hands of his tenants,
Messrs. Bell, for whom, including those in Mr. Brown’s hands, she
bred five, what Mr. Bates called, ¢zferior calves, from being put to
what he, in his criticising temper, called inferior bulls. He took the
cow from the Bells at the price he originally paid for her, £11 ($55),
believing that if bred to his own bulls of the Duchess tribe, she would
breed first class stock.

Matchem Cow was white in color, of good size and symmetry, and
a most excellent milker, to which latter quality Bates was always
partial, and strived to promote through the whole course of his breed-
ing. Her sire, Matchem, on his dam’s side, run back into the
Favorite, Foljambe, Hubback and Maynard blood; so that the cow
was considered by Mr. Bates to be a proper instrument to work a
fresh infusion of blood into his own Duchess tribe, although the latter
had been crossed but a few years before into the blood of Belvedere.
The cow came into Bates’ herd early in 1833, and in November fol-
lowing she produced a roan heifer calf to Gambier (2046), of which
calf we have no account beyond her birth; but Matchem Cow being
put to Duke of Cleveland (1937) (by Bertram (1716), out of his 26th
Duchess), she produced in November, 1834, Oxford Premium Cow,
so called from having afterwards taken the first premium at the
“Royal” Show at Oxford in the year 1839. t

* In the recorded pedigree of the bull Young Wynyard, he is stated to be bred by the Countess
of Antrim. ‘This lady bore that title in her own right of descent, altogether independent of her
then husband, Sir Henry Vane Tempest, who was only a Baronet in title, and of course less in
rank than his wife, she having the legal right to retain her title irrespective of the name of her
husband. It was on herestate of Wynyard that the bull Young Wynyard was bred ; and although
both husband and wife bred Short-horn cattle, each had them as their own personal properties.
The Wynyard bulls and the cows from which they were descended, were through three crosses
by Favorite (252), bred back to Hubback (319), and for several generations beyond, to the original
““cow bought of Mr. Pickering,” about the year 1739, all of Robert Colling’s Princess tribe.—
L.F. A.

+ Two of Oxford Premium Cow’s bulls afterwards came to America ; one, Locomotive 92 (4242)
[by Duke of Northumberland (1940)], for Mr. J. C. Letton of Kentucky; the next, Duke of
Wellington 55 (3654) [by Short Tail (2621)], for Mr. George Vail, Troy, N. Y. In January, 1836,
Matchem Cow also produced a bull calf by Duke of Cleveland—made a steer ; in December of

AMABLID; IDO) (lel sS) WIR eae 131

After growing up, fit for service, Mr. Bates bred the rst and 2d
Cleveland Lads, and 2d Duke of Oxford (9046) (by Duke of North-
umberland, out of Oxford 2d, above mentioned) to more or less of
his Duchess cows, until the year of his death,in 1849. Thus the
two families of Duchess and Oxford (Matchem Cow), became incorpo-
rated, and the bulls of either tribe were severally used to both classes
of the cows, not only during Mr. Bates’ life, but they have been, with
few exceptional crosses by bulls of other good blood, so continued to
the present day, under the more general term of “the Bates blood.”
The female descendants have, however, always been kept separate in
both name and classification of Duchess, or Oxford, running back in
their own female genealogies; but now, after so long an interbreeding
of nearly forty years, become almost of identical blood.

RETURN TO THE DUCHESS TRIBE.

Following the year in which Duchess 50th, by Duke of Northumber-
land (1940), was calved, in 1840, came Duchess 51st, by Cleveland Lad
(3407). In 1841 came Duchess 52d, by Holkar (4041) (mainly of
Belvedere and Duchess blood). In 1842 came Duchess 53d, by Duke
of Northumberland. In 1844, Duchess 54th, by 2d Cleveland Lad
(3408), Duchess 55th, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649), and
Duchess 56th, by 2d Duke of Northumberland (3646). In 1845,
Duchess 57th, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408). In 1846, Duchess 58th,
by Lord Barrington (9308) (with three direct Bates crosses in him).
In 1847, 59th Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), and 6oth, by
4th Duke of Northumberland (3649). In 1848 came 61st, 62d and
63d Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford; and in 1849, 64th Duchess, by
2d Duke of Oxford, being the last of the Duchess heifers calved in
Mr. Bates’ possession.

We have been thus minute in enumerating the Duchess tribe while
in Mr. Bates’ hands, to show with what pertinacity he adhered to his
own plans of breeding, and how he concentrated in them the strains
of blood which he considered most valuable to effect his purposes.
It was not, as he always remarked, simply to make money out of

the same year she produced Cleveland Lad (3407) ; in March, 1838, 2d Cleveland Lad (3408) ; and
in April, 1839, the heifer Oxford 2d, all three of them by Short Tail (2621). From this last calf
of Matchem Cow, Oxford 2d, with the exception of Oxford 4th, calved in 1843, by Duke of
Northumberland, which is the last calf Oxford Premium Cow produced, all the legitimate race of
Oxford’s bulls and cows have proceeded. Having produced ten calves Matchem Cow was put
dry, and after feeding, made a carcass of 850 pounds of beef. Mr, Bates described her as being
remarkably healthy, hardy, and an extraordinary milker.

132 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

them—and which, in fact, he never did—but to achieve a success in
breeding up a herd which should, in future hands, carry his name
down to posterity. In this he succeeded after an anxious labor of
forty years, as is fully evinced in the almost fabulous prices at which
they have been sold and still sell—$3,o00 to $5,000 each, and even
more than the latter price for bulls, and much higher prices for cows,
when they can be purchased at all, which is seldom; in such close
corporation do their owners hold them that such an event in Short-
horn history is properly worth recording. Nor, need these prices be
altogether called infatuation. Many noblemen, as well as common-
ers in England, who can wield the purses, and intelligent, enterpris-
ing men in America, who have the spirit and means at command,
are eager to purchase and breed one or the other, or both the
“Duchess” and “Oxfords,” and when they feel unable or unwill-
ing to grapple with the “pure Bates” in its fullness, they strive to
get all they can of the blood wherewith to cross their herds. Such
is the fact, in the year 1872; and although a succeeding generation
may call it a folly, yet the additional fact that the use of this blood
on both sides of the Atlantic has improved the qualities of many of
the Short-horn race, and increased their popularity with their breed-
ers, proves that the result has been both good and profitable.

Notwithstanding the above laudatory remarks, let it be understood
by the reader that we take no sides in the question of the superior
merit of the “Bates stock” over many others of different strains of
blood and breeding. We only write Azstory. There no doubt may
be, and are, individual animals of divergent blood, and miscellaneous
breeding, of pure Short-horn stock equally good—possibly better
than the average animals of the “Bates stock,” and perhaps equally
valuable for practical uses. Of this each one will judge for himself;
we wish, in our remarks, to prejudice nothing.

Mr. BATES’ OTHER TRIBES.

Of the Oxford tribe, from the year 1834 to the year 1849, inclusive,
Mr. Bates had bred fourteen females.

Of the Waterloo tribe (the first cow got by Waterloo (2816), dam
by Waterloo (1816), being two crosses by that bull, as we find in her
pedigree, Vol. 3, E. H. B., which he bought at Thorpe, Durham),
Mr. Bell’s history gives the following account written by Mr. Bates:
“T have seen the gentleman who bred the Waterloo cow, lately, and
he stated to me that he and his father had had the breed for fifty

BATES OTHER TRIBES. 133

years, and that they were well descended all that time, having had a
Son of Comet (155), and other blood before the cross of Waterloo
(2816).” Of these Mr. Bates bred, from 1832 to 1849, inclusive,
from the original cow, twelve females.

Of the Red Rose tribe, springing from the original one he bought
of Mr. Hustler, (descended from the “American Cow,” previously
mentioned,) from the year 1821 to the year 1833, inclusive, he bred
eleven females. Taking a premium with the 13th of the.tribe, calved
in 1834 (the 12th in descent from the original, Red Rose rst), at the
Cambridge Exhibition, she was afterwards called Cambridge Rose,
and the successive heifers of the Red Rose family were called Cam-
bridge Rose down to the year 1849, inclusive, of which there were
seven in number, making eighteen of the entire number of females
descended from the original cow.

Of the Wild Eyes tribe, Mr. Parrington, of the Middlesbro’ farm,
near Stockton, on the river Tees, a good Short-horn breeder, sold
his herd (Mr. Bell says in the year 1831, but this must be a mistake,
as the birth of the calf which Mr. Bates bought there with her pedi-
gree in the 3d and 5th Vols. E. H. B., is dated in 1832), and Mr.
Bates bought a roan heifer calf called Wildair; but after going to his
farm she obtained the name of Wild Eyes. She was got by Superior
(1975), dam by Wonderful (700), etc. (This cow has, by some, been
confounded with the famous cow Wildair, bred by Robert Colling,
but not so, being of altogether different descent from her.) The
full pedigree of the tribe is recorded in the cow Wild Eyes 26th,
imported by Mr. Cochrane, of Canada, Vol. 9, p. 1008, A. H. B. Of
this tribe Mr. Bates bred from his first calf bought of Mr. Parrington
from the years 1835 to 1849, inclusive, twenty-nine females.

Of the Foggathorpe tribe, Mr. Bates bought the original cow Fog-
gathorpe, of Mr. Edwards, Market Weighton. She was then ten
years old, got by Marlbro’ (1189), out of Rosebud, by Ebor (997),
etc. Her full pedigree is in Vol. 5, p. 386, E. H. B. From her
descended five females, bred by Mr. Bates from the year 1840 to
1850, inclusive—the last calf being dropped after Mr. B.’s death.

Many bulls, and possibly some females, were sold from these tribes,
but no females from the Duchess and Oxfords, during the years
that Mr. Bates was breeding them. Of the latter two families we
have seen no account in other hands previous to his decease. The
females were all bred to Mr. Bates’ Duchess and Oxford bulls, with
few exceptions, and the exceptions possessed much of their blood.

134 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CoLors OF THE Bates HERDs.

It may be of some interest to know the prevailing colors attached
to the various tribes of Mr. Bates’ breeding; not that we deem any
particular color or shades, ot admixtures of color, from deep red to
pure white, objectionable—all being equally legitimate in Short-horn
blood—but there was more uniformity in the colors of Mr. Bates’
herd probably than in any other large one of his time.

To trace back the colors of the ancestry of Duchess rst, by Comet :
The original one of the tribe—the Stanwick Cow—was a yellowish
red roan; her sire, J. Brown’s ved bull, of course, was red in color.
What was the color of her daughter, by Hubback (he was yellow-red
and white), we are not informed; but the granddaughter, Duchess,
by Daisy bull (his color not given), was red roan, with some patches
of white intermixed. Of the other daughter, by Favorite (he was
roan), we have no information; but her daughter, Bates’ Duchess
1st, by Comet (he was light roan), was red and white, the red largely
predominating, The bulls, Ketton rst, 2d and 3d, which Mr. Bates
used for the next seven years in the Duchess breeding, were mostly
red, with some white. Marske (418), the next bull, was roan. The
next bull, Cleveland, was red and white. Young Marske, red and
white. The Earl, yellow-red, some white. The 2d and 3d Earls,
both red and white; 2d Hubback, yellow-red and white. These
were the bulls used down to the year 1832, when Belvedere was
brought into the herd. All the Duchesses descended from these
bulls down to the 32d, inclusive, were red and white (the red largely
predominating over the white), excepting the 12th, red, and 19th,
which latter was yellow-red.

Belvedere was yellow-roan in color. Six of his Duchess heifers
were roan; three red and white, and one red; the only Duchess
heifer calf got by Gambier (red) was red also; the only one got by
Norfolk (roan) was also roan. Short Tail (red and white) got five
red and white, and one red, heifers. Duke of Northumberland (red
roan) got the first and only pure white heifer ever bred by Mr. Bates
of the Duchess family, and another roan heifer. Cleveland Lad
(red roan) got one Duchess heifer, roan. Holkar (deep red with
little white) got one Duchess heifer, red and white; 2d Cleveland
Lad (roan) got one red, one red and white, and one roan Duchess
heifer; 2d Duke of Northumberland (red and white) got but one
Duchess heifer, red and white; 4th Duke of Northumberland (red

COLORS OF DHE BATES HER DIS: 135

and white) got two red heifers. Lord Barrington (red and white)
got one Duchess heifer, red; 2d Duke of Oxford (roan) got two
roans, one red roan, one red and white, and one red heifer, the last
one finishing up all the Duchesses of Mr. Bates’ breeding.

Matchem Cow, the original dam of the Oxford tribe, it will be
recollected was white, and from her came the lighter colors which fol-
lowed in her progeny, all of her seven calves, after coming into Mr.
Bates’ possession, being roans, and red roans. Only one of the heifers
of this tribe was white. She was Oxford 3d, by Duke of Northum-
berland (red roan), out of Oxford Premium Cow, roan; another of
them was red and white, by the same bull, and out of the same cow;
another was red and white, and all the others roan.

Of the Waterloo tribe, four were roans, four red, three red and
white, and one yellow-red and white.

Of the Red Roses, nine were red and white, and two roan, and of
their successors, the Cambridge Roses, three were roans, one white,
one red and white, and one red.

Of the Wild Eyes, seventeen were roan, two red, six red and white,
one yellow-red and white, and two white.

Of the Foggathorpes, the original dam was roan, and of the pro-
duce one was white, the next one red and white, and the remaining
three roan.

It will thus be seen that of all Mr. Bates’ chosen tribes the red and
white largely prevailed in his Duchess and Red Roses; the roans in
the others, and the whites were seldom found in either. We draw no
inferences either of partiality or prejudice which Mr. Bates had “in
the way of colors, only stating the fact as matter of history. To the
present day red, and red and white, prevail in the Duchess, and red
and white, and roans prevail in the Oxfords, with now and then a
rare exception of white in either tribe, while the other tribes have
been so widely scattered and crossed by other and divers bulls, that
we can scarcely keep track of their colors as having any fixed
peculiarity.

It may be asked, Was Mr. Bates successful in winning prizes on his
stock at the various exhibitions of Short-horns held in England
during the time of his breeding?

As we find among his numerous communications on that subject,
he was, as a rule with himself, opposed to prize exhibitions of his
stock at the various cattle shows, for the reason, as he remarked,
that there were few men among the judges usually appointed on
these occasions, fit for the duty. He once remarked that “there

136 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

were a hundred men fit for a Prime Minister where there was one
competent to act as a proper judge of Short-horns.” He did occa-
sionally exhibit, however, and won more or less first prizes; but in
some cases afterwards, insisted that his inferior beasts did the win-
ning, while his best ones were overlooked—one of his crotchets,
possibly. He only exhibited his stock on a few occasions, and those,
in time, a good way apart, except in the years of “The Royal” in
1839, ‘40 and ’41, when he was highly successful, mainly in his
Duchess and Oxford animals.

During his whole cattle breeding career Mr. Bates bought, bred
and sold, many other good Short-horns, with an eye no doubt to
profit, for we cannot well conceive his philanthropy, except in his
Duchess tribe, to extend so far as not to turn his labors to the best
advantage, while it is quite certain that in the long-continued breed-
ing of his Duchess tribe, other than in the bulls he sold, he played a
losing game in a financial way, and won only on the posthumous
fame with which his name will long be remembered.

One important item connected with Mr. Bates’ success as a breeder
should not be omitted. Instead of turning his stock over to the
exclusive care of herdsmen, as is the practice of many Short-horn
breeders, he looked carefully over them himself—although he always
had one or more herdsmen to do his bidding—fersonally saw to all
their wants, and knew every small particular relating to them. He
loved his cattle, and almost made companions of them. ‘They would
follow him all around the fields and yards when he went in to look at
them. He would fondle them lovingly, talk to and familiarly pat
and caress them, while they in return would rub their heads along
his body, legs, and arms, lick his hands, and playfully chew the
skirts of his coat. So affectionately would they hang about him
while he was among them that his herdsmen could not drive them.
On one such occasion his cowman not being able to get the cattle
away from Mr. Bates, and getting quite irritated, exclaimed: “I
wish you’d keep out aft’ way. You do fa’ mair ill than good, for
they won’t leave you, and there’s no driving them.” *

Mr. Bates had another peculiarity which accounted for his usually
having a superfluous number of bulls on hand which he did not use,
or but seldom. He would neither sell, nor let bulls, except to parties
who had first class cows to put to them, remarking that the bulls
would do cm no justice when bred to inferior cows. “One day Mr.

* Bell’s History.

COLORS OF THE BATES HERDS. 137,

Wetherell selected two of his bulls at Kirkleavington, which Mr.
Bates said he would sell him. Mr. Bates inquired about the herd
into which he, Wetherell, proposed to send the bulls. The latter
asked, in reply, ‘of what consequence is that, so long as you get the
money for them?’ Mr. Bates rejoined, ‘he would not sell any man a
bull unless he knew the herd to which he was going, for if the cross did
not answer, a@// the blame would be attributed to the bull.’ Mr. Weth-
erell, on leaving, could not refrain from expressing his opinion in
strong terms in regard to Mr. Bates for refusing to sell his cattle at
high prices, so long as he got paid for them.”* There have been
few breeders, we fancy, so fastidious. When a good bargain is offered
for a beast they wish to sell, little regard is paid to its destiny.

Much more might be here related of Mr. Bates and his Short-horn
career, as we find a great deal written by him, and of him, in sundry
English magazines and journals, some of which is copied into Mr.
Bell’s history. Another pleasant, gossipy writer, “ Druid,” whose real
name was Dixon, now deceased, related much of him in his “Saddle
and Sirlgin,” a book containing various desultory information about
cattle and horse breeders in England within the last thirty years.
But they would add little to the substantial fund of information which
we have already given, or may yet give, touching the Short-horns and
their breeders; and we have no space for repetition of what does not
immediately concern our history; nor do we wish to overload our
pages with matter tending to an undue exaltation of Mr. Bates and
his stock over other breeders and their stocks—equally meritorious in
their exertions to improve the quality and blood of their herds.

But, it is time we close with Mr. Bates. His character has been
sketched, faithfully, as we trust, as a man of unflinching integrity and
stern honesty of purpose, and if he sometimes indulged in undue
partialities towards his own, and unjust prejudices towards the stock
of rival breeders, in which the fallibility of his judgment was exposed,
we must remember that both he and his herds were also subjected to
the attacks and criticisms of others, which may have tried his patience
and vexed his temper.

In a brief memoir of Mr. Bates, highly creditable to his character,
in the Harmers’ Magazine for the year 1850, the writer thus closes:
“ Active in mind, temperate in his habits, nay, I may say abstemious,
for he tasted no intoxicating liquors for some years before his death,
and living almost in the open air, he knew little of disease, and seldom,

* Bell’s History. It is not so stated, but we infer that the bulls were not taken.—L. F. A.

138 HUS TORY (OR (RIE VS HOR TARO RIN'S.

if ever, consulted a physician. A month before death, however, his
health began to fail, a disease of the kidneys became painful and
harassing, and he went to Redcar to try the effects of the sea air,
but which, so far from removing, seemed only to increase the malady.
It was sometime before he could be prevailed on to consult a med-
ical adviser, and when he did he refused the greater part of his
medicine.

“He gradually sunk and died on the 26th day of July, 1849, and
was buried in the church-yard at Kirkleavington. A monument was
erected to his memory by a few friends and admirers of his exertions
in stock breeding, with the following inscription:

THIS MEMORIAL OF
THOMAS BATES,

OF KIRKLEAVINGTON,
ONE OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED BREEDERS OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,
IS RAISED BY A FEW FRIENDS WHO APPRECIATE HIS LABORS
FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF BRITISH STOCK,
AND RESPECT HIS CHARACTER,
BORN 21ST JUNE, 1776—DIED 26TH JULY, 1849.” *

s

THE SALE OF Mr. Bates’ HERD AND THEIR ENGLISH SUCCESSORS.

Mr. Bates left a will bequeathing a considerable estate principally
to two or three nephews. The only one of these engaged in agri-
culture was settled in Germany, and had no time or opportunity of
attending to a herd, so that it came to be sold on the goth of May,
1850. One of the nephews of Mr. Bates, living at Heddon, in North-
umberland, but then residing in London, who we understand was a
lawyer, was made his executor, and wound up the estate, a valuable
portion of which lay in his cattle and other farm stock. There were
some other difficulties we have learned, arising out of the conditions
of the will, with a threat by some of the dissatisfied heirs, to throw it
into chancery. The stock was expensive to keep, and troublesome,
for one not acquainted with it, to manage. Added to these embar-
rassments, Short-horn cattle generally were low in price at the time.
Rival breeders also had their eyes upon them, and hoped to drive
good bargains at the sale; and it is stated that Lord Ducie, who, in
the event, became a considerable purchaser, tried an underhanded
scheme for a part of it, which, however, the executor detected and
foiled. The sale had been widely advertised, and as might be sup-
posed, the final disposition of the herd of such a noted breeder drew

* Bell’s History.

SALES OF THE BATES HERDS. 139

alarge attendance. The animals were arranged in their several tribes,
and sold as follows:

DucHESS TRIBE.

AM GOW Sis acta sicicaicte care savele ols Hite) Gk

SPELOHELS Rota rains ainsi der oaieletstans 442 0

Tebveiter’ Califia cere crejaveverctensto 162 15

ZI il EA Gloess OOD AD CED ODA HOG 625 16

7 VWU (CalhieS ag coe ocodenacoT 75 12
I4 41627 10 Averaging $581 each,

Of the Duchess females, Lord Ducie bought Duchess 55th, 5 years
old, at $551; 59th, 2 years old, at $1,050; and 64th, 9 months old,
at $813. ;

Of the bulls, the same gentleman bought 4th Duke of York (10167),
3 years old, at $1,050.

Grand Duke (10284), 2 years old, was also sold for $1,076.

The other animals of the tribe were sold at lesser prices to different
English breeders.

OXFORD TRIBE,

AY COWS od scscraietsttiesie reise cists £288 15s.

A InISWMS, 6 Sasbooob00 COO boNC 95 II

Amideiter Calves cteet- is eee sie < 303 9

SMB USA eis crave esis e ares. cisinieee, ws 206 17
13 ; 4894 12 Averaging $313 each.

Of the Oxford females, Col. Lewis G. Morris of Mt. Fordham,
N. Y., U.S. A., bought Oxford 5th, 5 years old, got by Duke of
Northumberland (1940), for $370; also Oxford roth, 16 months old
(daughter to Oxford 5th), by 3d Duke of York (10166), for $267;
and Mr. Noel J. Becar, of New York, bought Oxford 13th, a 4 months’
calf of Oxford 5th, by 3d Duke of York (10166), for $330. These
cows came to America, and proved successful breeders. No other
animals at the sale were then purchased by any Americans.

WATERLOO TRIBE.

DNGOWSy Serge cereeleccuie were. 4101 17s.
BRILEULCES sya xe erercjes, we Seto erent I80 12
Mylverten Calfvas tistes sc cores 74 II

6 435700 Averaging $297.50 each.

140 HISTORY OF LE SHORT OR NIS.

CAMBRIDGE ROSE TRIBE,

Ti COW eae ease iormeesike 447 58

TREVEILED, sisi oenatn steven ciel sees teve 73 10

Tebleifers Galina iei-rervereve se 26 5

3 4147 0 Averaging $245 each.

WILD Eves TRIBE.

OQRCOWS Ree eer rete custehe sistss £328 138

PMT ITOTS wee perets pane (clisteialiozes ctoke 430 10

Oueletfera Calves emi taieusel one: (Gyre

Zi ly Sig naoooe ue polO Ups Ook 254 2

SB all @allvies ile cy altel steele eles 126 oO
25 £1203 6 Averaging $241 each.

Of the bulls of the Wild Eyes tribe, Balco (9918) [by 4th Duke
of York (16167)], then 15 months old, sold for $813. He was after-
wards purchased by Col. Morris, of Mt. Fordham, N. Y., and brought

to America.

FOGGATHORPE TRIBE.

QUSOWS HAA ese ener eien ore 4 74 IIs
Tt Pleifers ality; aya sicvelenteresere: 31 10
Ag Bulls Memvaereeee atc cicisierens 222 12
7 £328 13 Averaging $235 each.

Total amount of sale, 68 animals, £4,558 1s.—$22,240—average $327 each.

What a paltry price compared with what their descendants would
bring now, in 1872!

For a herd sustaining the reputation which it had acquired under
the long-continued management of Mr. Bates, aside from the adverse
circumstances which we have related, the above prices will be con-
sidered remarkably low; but it must be remembered that all agricul-
tural values were at a low ebb in England, and cattle of the better
breeds had sunk to their minimum depression. Mr. Bates’ executor
was also but little practiced in cattle management, and the herd had
been measurably neglected, both in care and appearance, from what
they would have been had their old master been living. Yet most
of the animals fell into good hands, who well appreciated their value,
and in the space of a few years rose to a reputation, and brought
prices never before reached in England.

LORD DUCIE’'S BREEDING AND SALES. I4I

Lorp Ducier’s BREEDING AND SALES.

While we have the herd of Mr. Bates in hand we will trace its history
to a recent day, when a part of it fell into the hands of his American
successors. We have seen that Earl Ducie bought three of the
female Duchesses and one of the bulls at the Bates sale. He also
bought two of the female Oxfords—6th, 4 years old, and 11th, 9
months old, at $656 each. These animals he added to a herd he
had already established, of superior quality and excellence. He was
a gentleman of liberal spirit in expenditure; enthusiastic in his love
of good stock; and determined to maintain a herd of Short-horns
equal to, if not the superior of, any other in England. He purchased
good things at liberal prices, never balking at the money value when
the creature suited him. His health, however, was delicate, and he
lived but about two years after the sale of Mr. Bates’ herd. Mean-
time he had bred his stock with marked judgment and success; the
value of good Short-horns had rapidly advanced, and the reputation
of the “Bates” stock—particularly the Duchess and Oxfords—had
increased in public favor, so that when in the month of August, 1852,
Lord Ducie’s executors made a sale of his entire herd, the occasion
brought together an array of breeders such as had not been gathered
in England on any like occasion since the days of the Collings. The
sale had been for some time announced, and several American gen-
tlemen crossed the ocean for the purpose of attending it and making
purchases, expecting to compete with the elite of England’s breeders
if successful in effecting them. Nor were the Americans mistaken.
They did meet the English breeders on their own soil, outbid and
outpurchased them of some of the best animals in the herd, as
follows :

Mr. Samuel Thorne, of Thorndale, New York, bought the cows
Duchess 59th, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), 5 years old, for $1,837;
Duchess 64th, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), 4 years old, for $3,150;
Duchess 68th, by Duke of Gloster (11382), 1 year old, for $1,575.

(Duchess 68th was killed by the falling of a mast on shipboard,
while on her passage to America.)

Messrs. L. G. Morris and N. J. Becar, of New York, purchased the
cow Duchess 66th, 3 years old, for $3,675, and she (Duchess 66th)
was the only one of the Duchess tribe coming to America which
left any female descendants now living. These gentlemen also pur-
chased the bull Duke of Gloster, 2763 (11382), 3 years old, for $3,412.

142 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Mr. Thorne also purchased of Mr. Bolden the bull Grand Duke,
545 (10284), formerly sold at Mr. Bates’ sale in 1850, for $5,000, and
brought him to America with his other purchases. A few years after-
wards Grand Duke becoming disabled, Mr. Thorne also purchased
2d Grand Duke, 2181 (112961), bred by Earl Ducie, at the price of
$5,000, and brought him to America.

Mr. George Vail, of Troy, N. Y., and Gen. George Cadwallader,
of Philadelphia, purchased the bull 4th Duke of York (10167), 6
years old, at $2,625, but he unfortunately died on his passage across
the ocean.

The other animals of the Duchess, Oxford, and other tribes, passed
into the hands of various English breeders. Several of the descend-
ants of the Duchess have since come to America; among them one
bull, Duke of Airdrie, 9798 (12730), and his dam, Duchess of Atholl,
by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), in the hands of Mr. R. A. Alexander,
in Kentucky, and three heifers, Duchess 97th, rorst and 103d, to Mr.
M. H. Cochrane, Compton, Province of Quebec, (Lower Canada.)
Of the Oxfords, one, Grand Duke of Oxford, 3988 (16184), was
imported by Mr. Sheldon, Geneva, N.Y. Of the Duchess and Oxford
Semales, there are now in England and America, some scores in num-
ber. The females are held in but few hands in England, and a less
number in the United States and Canada. The bulls, however, have
been widely scattered, and sold at prices commensurate with the
values which breeders partial to their blood place upon their merits.

The sale of Lord Ducie’s herd was the highest in price which had
taken place since that of Charles Colling in the year 1810, but rela-
tively to agricultural prices in England at the two periods (Colling’s
at a time of great inflation, and Lord Ducie’s at a time of compara-
tive depression), the latter sale was by far the highest, averaging $700
per head for 49 cows, heifers, and heifer calves, and $959 each for 13
bulls, making for the 62 animals the round sum of $46,809, an aver-
age of $723 each, within a fraction.

To follow in detail the result, separately, of the Duchess and
Oxford tribes, at Lord Ducie’s sale, we give a synopsis of each:
8 Duchesses (females) sold for £3,212 1os. 5d. averaging nearly
$2,008 each; 4 Oxfords (females) sold for £876 15s., averaging
nearly $1,096 each.

In addition to these were the before named Duke of Gloster, at
£682 ros. ($3,412), and 4th Duke of York, at £523 ($2,625), and
5th Duke of Oxford to Lord Feversham, at £315 or $1,575.

LORD DUCIE’S BREEDING AND SALES. 143

Mr. Bell tells a story of Lord Ducie after the purchase of 4th
Duke of York (10167), at the Bates sale, which is so characteristic
of the monopolizing spirit of some of the English Short-horn breed-
ers, that we suppose it to be true. “He sent his agent out to buy the
bull 3d Duke of York (10166) (a Duchess bull), then in other hands,
that he might slaughter him [Bates fashion], and prevent his blood
being used by other breeders, in which he succeeded, and had the
bull remorselessly killed, thus supposing he had secured to himself,
in his own 4th Duke of York, the only remaining one of the blood;
but meeting Mr. Tanqueray shortly after, in London, his Lordship
asked him what he was doing in the Short-horn line; to which Tan-
queray replied, ‘I have just come into possession of 5th Duke of
York (10168).’ With evident chagrin Ducie answered, ‘I had lost
sight of Azm.’” So his barbarity, as well as selfishness, in sacrificing
a noble beast was thus signally punished.

144 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CE Ea Raa

Mr. Bates’ INFLUENCE ON THE SHORT-HORNS—DID HE IMPROVE
THEM?

THAT a sagacious, intelligent man, devoting nearly sixty years of
an active life to the breeding of a favorite race of animals, divested
of family cares, enthusiastically attached to his stock, selecting his
original herd from the best blood of the country, and concentrating
all the energies and skill at his command to their highest develop-
ment, should not succeed in improving their qualities to a greater or
less extent, would prove him to be a dullard, or that he worked upon
a race of animals incapable of any further development. Neither of
these conclusions will be credited to the labors of Mr. Bates, or
charged to the qualities of so fine a race of cattle as the Short-horns.
During his life no one had greater opportunities to know the origin
and lineage of every noted Short-horn in England. In his younger
days he was contemporary, acquainted with, and on friendly terms
with most, if not all, the substantial and reputable breeders of the
country, and after the Collings had retired no one probably knew the
pedigrees of the earlier herds of the country any better than, if so
well as, himself. In his own private copy of the first volume of
Coates’ Herd Book, he made extended notes of the ancestry of many
of the earlier cattle therein recorded, beyond what the printed pedi-
grees contained, and these notes, of the bulls, we have had the privi-
lege of copying into our own. At the close of his life he probably
knew more about Short-horns than any man in England. He had
seen Hubback, Foljambe, Bolingbroke, Favorite, and Comet, and
many of their contemporaries, male and female, together with the other
most noted bulls and cows of his time. He had been intimate
with the herds of the Maynards, the Wetherells, the Booths, the
Wrights, the Charges, the Masons, the Hutchinsons, as well as their
many younger contemporaries. He knew the superior as well as
inferior qualities which their herds possessed. Probably no man in
England was a better judge of cattle than he, and at his death he left

THE BATES IMPROVEMENT. 145

a herd which challenged the admiration of numerous Short-horn
breeders on both sides the Atlantic—and that admiration has not
abated with the increasing generations of their progeny. In this
assertion we know we are trenching on delicate, if not debatable
ground. Yet the prices which they have brought for many years
past, and still bring, bear indisputable evidence of the fact, whether
those prices are based on sound judgment, or fancy only. We do
not assert that for general practical uses the Bates stock are really
better than very many animals of more miscellaneously, yet well-bred
herds, but in their deeply concentrated blood giving it the power of
transmission into others, they are much admired and widely sought.

On Mr. Bates’ death the animals of his most cherished blood were
quickly appropriated by a few who had long been partial to their
merits, and wielded purses to command their possession. £200 to
£300 ($1,000 to $1,500) would then buy any Short-horn in England.
Three years afterwards it cost £600 to £1,000 ($3,000 to $5,000) as
we have seen, to buy the same animals, or their produce, in close
competition between Englishmen and Americans, and prices both in
England and America have since ranged even higher for both bulls
and cows of favorite strains of their blood.

The above remarks are made with no invidious reflection upon
the valuable stock of other breeders, or their herds. There are many
herds, as well as individual animals, both in England and America,
of the highest excellence; but with the exception of the Booths,
there has been no herd of Short-horns so closely interbred as that of
Mr. Bates, and containing so strong and deep a concentration of
blood, and the bulls from which have stamped more strikingly their
several individualities upon stranger herds. Not that these cattle in
themselves shew such marked superiority over many others, but from
their long compacted genealogy and careful breeding, they impress
their own characteristics upon their progeny in a greater degree than
others which, through their divergent crosses, have not been so com-
pactly bred. Hence their highly estimated value, as certified by the
auctioneer’s hammer, as well as in private sales. Let the public, if
they will, call men fools, or enthusiasts, who pay those exhorbitant
prices, but when we see veteran breeders, life-long in the pursuit, as
well as those of less experience, doing so, it may well be supposed
there is something in it beyond mere assumption, caprice or fancy.
Who in England ever produced such bulls with their z”-and-in bred
crosses as, early in this century, did Charles Colling in Comet (155),
by Favorite; thirty years later, as did Bates in Duke of Northumber-

IO

146 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

land (1940), by Belvedere; or, still thirty years afterwards, as did
Richard Booth, culminating in Commander-in-Chief (21452), by
Velasco—and all of them with cows to match? And yet, with all
this emphasis, we do not say that there have not since been equally
good bulls as these, and cows also, bred in both England and Amer-
ica; but they have not yet achieved the wotoriety of the others,
although a future day may prove that some of them do excel even
Comet, Duke of Northumberland, or Commander-in-Chief.

The critical reader may here make a note, and accuse us of writ-
ing up the Bates and Booth blood of cattle. Not a word of it... We
only state facts that cannot and will not, on mature examination, be
contradicted. Almost every herd of note, in either England or
America, has more or less of these bloods in their veins. In no well-
bred Short-horns whatever can be traced so many crosses back as
into the bull Favorite (252), bred by Charles Colling. His blood was
the foundation of the bulls of the elder Booth, afterwards of Bates,
in both bulls and cows, and also many other of the contemporary,
and through them of numerous later English and American herds.
Let the pedigrees be traced and the fact will so prove.

If the brothers Colling, one in his thirty, and the other in his forty
years’ career of breeding, were pronounced by their contemporaries
to be “improvers,” why not the elder Booths and Bates, Mason, Lord
Althorpe, and numerous others of the elder, and their younger fol-
lowers, making their original selections from the Colling bloods, and
appropriating the best cows they could secure from others, and breed-
ing them with skill, adhering almost throughout to the original blood,
and their better qualities have been improvers also? Charles Colling
may not, during his life-time, have bred a finer one than the Stanwick
Cow (his original Duchess), or the “beautiful Lady Maynard ”—as
he himself acknowledged—which he bought of his elder contempo-
rary, Mr. Maynard; but he had the sagacity to keep their blood as
compact as possible by breeding in-and-in their progeny to a depth
and endurance which stamped it almost in perpetuity through the
successive bulls and heifers proceeding from them, thus transmitting
their qualities down to present generations. ‘The elder Booth copy-
ing from him, and procuring Colling bulls, which he used upon cows
of his own selection for their superior merits from other breeders, did
the same, and so following, did Bates, only that the latter had the
good fortune to obtain some of the Colling cows, which Booth did
not; the latter, as we have already stated, selecting his original cows
from neighboring herds, looking only to their good qualities, without

COMMANDER IN CHIEF

(21451)

Trea one

ACR

d

ry
cn

Swabs OF BATES AND BOOTH CATTLE. 147

any regard to pedigree, other than the fact that they were true Short-
horns. Thus his pedigrees ending in such cows are shorter than
those of the Bates’ Duchesses, as well as of several other breeders
whose pedigrees run back to the earliest Short-horn records.

Still, with all their excellencies of quality, the styles of the Booth,
and Bates, and some other herds have been and are still different in
some of their valuable as well as fancy points. Each one adopted
his own standard of excellence, each strived to attain it, and both of
them succeeded to a greater or less extent. We do not propose to
institute a comparison of their qualities. Rivalries and competitions
ran high between the elder Booths, Bates, Mason, and other of the elder
breeders while living, and it is not impossible that equal rivalries and
competition may now exist among the admirers of their different
bloods, as well as in the bloods of other distinguished breeders. It
is a noble, a praiseworthy competition, and so long as honorably con-
ducted, altogether commendable.

148 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CHONG IDIN Wil

Tue ELDER SHORT-HORN BREEDERS CONTEMPORARY WITH THE
COLLINGS AND THEIR IMMEDIATE SUCCESSORS.

Or the elder breeders, we regret that no clear history of their
labors reach us ‘except incidentally, as we find occasional references
to them in the scanty agricultural publications of their day, and trace
the pedigrees of their stocks in the earlier volumes of the English
Herd Books. John Maynard was the senior of the Collings in breed-
ing, Charles having bought in 1786 or ’7, his cows Lady Maynard,
and her daughter, Young Strawberry, from Maynard’s herd. ‘There
were the Blackets, the Aislabies, the Milbanks, the Pennymans, the
elder Stevenson, and others, anterior to the Collings, whose names
have been incidentally mentioned in our previous pages, who bred
famous cattle, but of them we have been able to glean few particu-
lars. The first volume of the English Herd Book, published in 1822,
contained the names of but about one hundred and forty breeders,
including the Collings, Booths, and Thomas Bates.

Among the immediate contemporaries of the Collings, and the elder
Booth, was Christopher Mason, of Chilton. He bred largely, pos-
sessed a valuable herd, purchased and used bulls from the Collings,
and many noted animals of the present day are found descended
from his stock. He was among the first class breeders of his time,
and made a large, if not final sale of his herd in the year 1829, of
which Lord Althorpe (afterwards Earl Spencer) purchased quite a
number. The larger breeders, whose names are in the first Herd
Book, aside from those already named, were Lord Althorpe, of
Wiseton; Messrs. Alderson, of Ferrybridge; Bower, of Welham; Cham-
pion, of Blythe; Charge, of Newton; Coates (first editor of the Herd
Book), of Carlton; Compton, of Northumberland; Curwen, of Cum-
berland; Earnshaw, of Ferrybridge; Gibson, of Northumberland;
Hutchinson, of Stockton; Hustler, of Acklam; Ibetson, of Denton
Park; William Jobling, of ; Anthony Maynard, of Morton-le-
Moor; J. C. Maynard, of Harlsey; Col. Mellish, of “@stler.on

THE EARLIER AND LATER BREEDERS. 149

Audley; Parker, of Sutton House; Parrington, of Middlesbro’; Rob-
ertson, of Ladykirk; Rudd, of Marton; Seymour, of Woodhouse
Close; Simpson, of Babworth; Smith, of Dishley; Spoors, of North-
umberland; Sir Henry Vane Tempest, of Wynyard; Thomas, of
Chesterfield; Col. Trotter, of ; Wiles, of Bearl; Wetherell, of
Kirkby-Malery; Whitaker, of Greenholme; White, of Loughborough ;
Wright, of , and Wright, of Cleasby.

Aside from the above list appear the names of many small breed-
ers, some with only one, and others representing only a few pedigrees
each.

All the breeders above named reared and sold animals of repute,
and many of them of marked distinction. We can name but a few
of the sales that were made and the prices their animals brought;
and even those we can name are found only in fragmentary reports
given in the agricultural journals of the time, or since recorded on
the recollection of contemporary breeders. Some of the older ones
of these breeders sold cattle to the Collings; other younger ones
obtained some of their animals from the Collings, either directly, by
purchase, or indirectly by hiring their bulls.

At the time of Lord Althorpe’s death, in 184-, his herd numbered
about one hundred and fifty. His legatee, Mr. Hall (the cattle hav-
ing been left to him), soon afterwards disposed of them at public sale.
One bull brought 400 guineas ($2,100), another 370 guineas ($1,942),
and some of the cows 200 guineas ($1,050) each.

Lord Althorpe (afterwards Earl Spencer) was a liberal breeder,
and enthusiastic in his attachment to the Short-horns. He many
years kept, and had at his decease, probably the largest herd in Eng-
land. He was a bachelor, or if married, left no children, and his
estate and title descended to his brother, who had no taste for cattle,
which is probably the reason why the elder brother gave his herd to
Mr. Hall. Lord Althorpe corresponded frequently with Mr. Bates,
visited him at his home and bought some cattle of him. With how
much skill his Lordship bred his animals we are not informed, although
he paid much personal attention to them during the leisure time he
could withdraw from state affairs. As we find many excellent Short-
horns which trace their pedigrees into his herd, there can be little
doubt that he bred many first class animals.

Mr. Jonas Whitaker, of Greenholme, Otley, although a large cotton
Manufacturer, was an extensive breeder, and had many fine cattle.
All, or nearly all, of our American Col. Powel’s importations in the year
1824, and afterwards, came from Mr.Whitaker’s favorite tribes, together

150 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

with many others afterwards purchased by American breeders and
brought to the United States.

Sometime after the sale of Robert Colling, Col. Trotter, who was a
purchaser there, sold three cows from that stock to Col. Mellish for
£2,210, equal to $3,683 each. Col. Mellish afterwards sold one of
them to Major Bower, of Welham, for 800 guineas ($4,200).

In view of such authenticated sales we can have no doubt that
many of the successors of the Collings, the elder Booth, Maynard,
Wetherell, and their contemporaries, sold many choice animals at
extraordinary prices, showing the right estimate still maintained of
their excellence. We regret that we have been confined to sucha
limited early account of individual sales. Yet if we had them it
would hardly be necessary to multiply the many decided evidences
of Short-horn values.

Succeeding the efforts of the Collings and their contemporary
breeders, the merits of the Short-horns gained widely in public esti-
mation and popularity, not only in the counties comprising their
ancient homes, but they were eagerly sought by the larger land-owners
among the nobility and gentry of neighboring, and even distant coun-
ties, as well as tenant farmers—the former to encourage the improve-
ment of the breeds of neat cattle on their estates at large, and the
latter to improve and render more valuable their own individual
herds as the most profitable stock they could rear. ‘Thus the number
of pure-bred animals increased in a more rapid ratio than ever
before, while their crosses upon the common and baser breeds multi-
plied indefinitely, both as grazing and dairy stock.

It would be an exhausting, if not impossible labor, to enumerate
all the various breeders of established Short-horn blood in Great
Britain since the days of the Collings. The names of the most prom-
inent among their contemporaries, and immediate successors, have
already been given, and for those who have since entered the ranks
the pages of the English Herd Book must be examined. But to
show their extent, these breeders can be numbered by many hundreds,
among them the Royal household, every order of nobility—titled
women as well—and descending in rank through every intermediate
class of ownership to the well-to-do tenant farmer. Not that we
ignore other valuable breeds of cattle which, from time immemorial,
have existed in Britain and elsewhere, and have maintained and
still maintain their advocates and breeders; nor do we claim a wniver-
sal favor towards the Short-horns beyond all others; but they have
developed such prominent qualities of excellence as to render them

DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHORT-HORNS. I5I

beyond any other breed, both in pure bloods and grades, the now
most widely predominating stock of any adstinct race of cattle.
Never were the prices paid for choice animals in England so high
as now, and never were animals of choice and fashionable blood
so eagerly sought. For many years past they have, in large numbers,
been exported to the neighboring continent and to various English
colonies—in the latter, mostly to Australia and the Canadas—while
men in the United States for fifty years past have purchased and brought
out hundreds of their choicest breeding, and still are annually draw-
ing from the British herds their most cherished blood. Strangest of
all, English breeders are now almost annually sending to America to
purchase and take home to the land of their ancestors some of the
descendants of the cattle which years ago they parted with, declaring
in such instances, a positive improvement over many of their own
animals which they kept at home. And this improvement in the
American cattle they consider derived from our fresher pastures and
the skill with which they have been bred. Such a concession may
be considered no mean tribute to the enterprise of our American
breeders! ‘Thus, for the present, we take leave of the Short-horns
in England, and proceed to their successors in America.

Mideast)!
(easel,

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HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

(Cols IP NBR a PAVING

THE SHORT-HORNS IN AMERICA.

Tue date of the first arrival of puwrely-bred Short-horns in the
United States is uncertain. Tradition has informed us that a few
Short-horn cattle were introduced here from England soon after the
Revolutionary War, which separated the American colonies from the
mother country, the treaty of peace between the two countries being
made in the year 1783. We have no recorded evidence of the fact
from any printed chronicles of the time, although men not long ago
living, and some still alive, have stated on what they believed good
authority, that such was the fact. The best evidence at our command
will be given, and if it be not such as will commend the purity of the
blood of these animals to breeders of good Short-horns at the present
day, they will at least have the benefit of what knowledge exists, and
draw their conclusions as best they may from the material which we
have gathered.

We have also heard that about the year 1775 a Mr. Heaton
emigrated from England to New York, then a provincial city, and
followed for some years the occupation of a butcher. It is also said
that in 1791 he returned to England and brought back with him sev-
eral Short-horn cattle from the herd of George Culley, a cattle breeder
living near Grindon, in Northumberland. He was probably induced
to this enterprise by knowing the deficiencies of the common cattle
then bred in the United States, which, in his mind, and truly so, much
needed the improvement which the Short-horn blood could impart to
them. What became of the cattle, neither tradition nor written his-
tory of the day give us an account; but it may be supposed that the

155

156 HISTORY OF THE\SHORT-HORNS.

males and females were bred to some extent among themselves, and
that the bulls were also bred upon the common cows in the places
where they were kept. In 1796 it is further stated that Mr. Heaton
went again to England and brought out a bull and cow which he
bought from one of the brothers Colling and took them to his farm in
Westchester county, N. Y., where he then resided. It may be sup-
posed that the Short-horns which he had previously imported had
been taken to that place also, but of the fact we have no verified
account.

What finally became of the animals and their produce which Heaton
brought out, nothing definite is known, only that some superior cattle
were many years kept and known in Westchester county, N. Y., after
the present century came in, but no pedigrees of them have been
traced except in one or two instances through “Brisbane’s bull,”
which was purchased of Mr. Heaton by the late Mr. James Brisbane,
of Batavia, N. Y., and brought there by him in the early years of this
century. The bull left much valuable stock in the vicinity of Batavia,
and was supposed to be a thorough-bred Short-horn. Of the Heaton
stock, retained in the vicinity of New York, nothing further is cer-
tainly known. It is altogether probable that the people of that
vicinity knowing httle of either breeds, or blood cattle in those days,
let the stock “run out,” and they became lost in the common herds
of the country.

Tue Goucu (or Gorr) AND MILLER ImporTATIONS OF THE LAST
CENTURY.

We now enter on debatable ground—a subject which has elicited
more controversy touching the blood of early American Short-horns
than any other which has arisen in this country for the past fifty
years by those interested, and the animals of whose herds have been
more directly or remotely related to them. We do not suppose that
anything we may introduce by way of testimony will decide the
question to any exact degree of certainty. Yet the facts connected
with them are important to be known by all Short-horn breeders who
fake an interest in the matter; and from them every reader may draw
his own conclusions. We do not propose to settle any question of
blood by what we may submit, but simply to relate history so far as
we have been able, by diligent search, to ascertain it.

There have been several published accounts of these early impor-
tations, differing somewhat in daze, which is of littlé consequence;

GOUGH AND MILLER IMPORTATIONS. 157

but, of more consequence, differing in the breeds of the cattle so
imported. As they took place nearly ninety, and down to about
eighty years ago, the accounts given of them were for many years
only of oral transmission, and perhaps of somewhat imperfect recol-
lection by the several parties relating them. We find these accounts
recorded in print only after the years 1835 to 1840, at a lapse of
nearly or quite half a century after the importations occurred, when
probably the importers of the original stock as well as some of the
owners of a portion of the descendants of the originals had passed
off the stage of action. Yet some of their survivors, venerable in
age and character in Kentucky and Ohio, still remain, whose recol-
lections run into the earlier years of the present century, and from
these several accounts our history is drawn.

According to these accounts in the year 1783 a Mr. Miller, of Vir-
ginia, in connection with Mr. Gough, made an importation—into
Baltimore (probably)—of some English cattle, of two different breeds.
We infer that the cattle were taken into the fine grazing section of
Northern Virginia, in the valley of the South branch of the Potomac
tiver, where they were bred together, as well as the bulls bred to the
native cows of the country. They were designated, one as the
“Milk breed,” the other as the “Beef breed.” The former were
described as having short horns, heavy carcasses, compact in shape,
red, red and white, and roan in color, the cows excellent milkers—in
all probability, Short-horns. The latter were longer horned, rangy in
form, fatted well a¢ maturity, not so smoothly built as the others, and
the cows producing less milk than the others. These were, prob-
ably, the old fashioned, unimproved stock, coarser and rougher
in appearance, but still of the Short-horn race then common in the
Holderness district of Yorkshire. Sometime afterwards one, or both,
of the previously named gentlemen—whether in conjunction, or sep-
arately, is not related—about the years 1790 to 1795, made other
importations of nearly the same classes of cattle, a part of, or all of
which, probably went into the South branch valley, or elsewhere not
far distant from the first importation. We hear nothing of these
cattle or their descendants as Virginia stock; but two years after the
first importation, in the year 1785, two sons, and a son-in-law (Mr
Gay) of Mr. Matthew Patton, then a resident of Virginia, took into
Clark county, Kentucky (as related by Dr. Samuel D. Mentin, still
living there), one of its fine blue-grass localities, a young bull, and
several heifers, half-blooded (and they could only have been calves,
or less than yearlings), of their then called “English” cattle. These

158 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

animals were said to have been purchased of Mr. Gough. It is not
necessary to further note these animals, as they were but grades, only
to show the spirit of enterprise among some of the early cattle breed-
ers of the State, in obtaining better stock than Kentucky then afforded
for their improvement.

In 1790, the elder Mr. Patton removed from Virginia to Clark
county in Kentucky, and took with him a bull and cow directly
descended from the Gough and Miller importation of the “Milk”
breed, also some half-blooded cows of both the “ Milk” and “ Beef”’
breeds. The “Beef” breed were “long-haired, large, coarse, slowly
coming to maturity, and fattening badly until fully grown, yet tolera-
ble milkers.” The “Milk” breed (of which the bull and cow first
named were of pure descent) were short-horned, coming early to
maturity, and fattening kindly. Their milking qualities were extra-
ordinary. It was not at all uncommon for cows of this breed to give
thirty-two quarts of milk daily. The Short-horn bull, red in color,
with white face, rather heavy horns, yet smooth and round in form,
was called Mars. He is recorded by number 1850, American Herd
Book. The cow was called Venus, white in color, with red ears,
small, short horns, turning down. She bred two bull calves to Mars,
and soon afterwards died. Mars got many calves on the native cows
in Kentucky, which were said by the old breeders to be both excellent
milkers and good fattening animals. Mars remained with Mr. Patton
until the death of the latter in 1803, when the bull was sold to a Mr.
Peeples in Montgomery county, Ky., in whose possession he died in
1806. Of the two bulls descended from Mars and Venus, one was
taken to Jessamine county, Ky., the other to Ohio, probably the
Scioto valley; but as all this breed, or breeds, in their various intermix-
tures after their introduction into Kentucky, were called “ Patton
stock,” they became commingled, the shorter horned, and refined
ones, with the longer horned and coarser ones, and were, for many
years afterwards, universally known by that name only.

In the year 1803 Mr. Daniel Harrison, James Patton and James
Gay, of Clark county, Ky., bought of Mr. Miller, the importer, liv-
ing in Virginia, a two-year-old bull, descended from a bull and cow
of his importation. This bull was called Pluto (825 A. H. B.), and
said to be of the “Milk” breed. He is described as “dark roan or
red in color, large in size, with small head and neck, light, short horns,
small-boned, and heavily fleshed.” He was bred mostly to “ Patton”
cows, and produced some fine milkers. He was taken to Ohio about
the year 1812, and died soon afterwards.

DHESPALLON STrock 159

In the year 1810 Capt. William Smith, of Fayette county, Ky.,
purchased of the before mentioned Mr. Miller, of Virginia, and
brought to Kentucky a bull called Buzzard, 304 (3254). He was
coarser, larger, and taller than Pluto, but not so heavy. He was
bred in different herds many years, and also used by the Society of
Shakers at Pleasant Hill, Mercer county, Ky., in 1821, and for some
years afterwards.

In the year 1811 the bull Shaker (2193 A. H. B.) was bought of
Mr. Miller aforesaid, and used some years both by the Pleasant Hill,
Ky., and Union Village, Ohio, Societies of Shakers. They after-
wards sold him to Messrs. Welton and Hutchcraft, of Kentucky.
He was of the “Milk” or Short-horn breed. This account we have
from Messrs. Micajah Burnett, of the Pleasant Hill, and Peter Boyd,
of the Union Village Societies, and although they each differ in some
non-essential items, the identity of the bull is fully recognized.

These four bulls, viz.: Mars, Pluto, Buzzard, and Shaker, appear
to have been purely bred from the Gough and Miller importations
previous to the year 1810. From these bulls, but not on egually pure
bred cows of those importations, descended many animals whose
pedigrees have been recognized and recorded as Short-horns in the
earlier volumes of the English Herd Book, and of consequence, since
in the American Herd Book, as the latter is founded on the English
publication, as standard authority, in all matters of Short-horn gene-
alogy.

During the years above mentioned several other bulls from the
Gough and Miller Virginia stock were brought into Kentucky and
Ohio—some with names and some without names, other than those
of their owners—as “ Inskip’s bull,” “ Peeple’s bull” (Mars, probably),
“Witherspoon’s bull,” “Bluff,” and others.

Some pedigrees in the Herd Books run back into several of those
bulls, which, as many pure-bred crosses have since been made upon
their descendants, and been recorded in the English Herd Book,
must be classed in the family of Short-horns.

From the above accounts it is understood where and how the
“Patton stock” originated. There can be no doubt that some of
the original importations of Gough and Miller were well-bred cattle
of the Short-horn or Teeswater breed (which were identical in origi-
nal blood), but without pedigrees; also that others of them may have
been of the Holderness variety—coarser and less improved—of the
same race. In the various accounts which we have gathered from
different quarters in Ohio and Kentucky, some of them were rough

160 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

animals, tardy in arriving at maturity, others fine both in figure and
quality, and most of the cows descended from them proved excellent
milkers. Their colors were more or less red, white, and roan, which
are true Short-horn colors.

These accounts are about as accurate and as much to the point as —
the English traditions relating to the ancient Short-horns, or Tees-
waters in their native land, and may be received as a fair basis on
which to found the genealogy of all the pedigrees which trace back
into the “Patton” blood, and are found recorded in both the English
and American Herd Books. We have had accounts of, and have seen
many admirable animals of this descent, since crossed with well-bred
Short-horn bulls, among the Kentucky and other Western herds,
which, aside from their Patton origin, would be considered, by accu-
rate breeders, equal in blood and quality to many cattle of later
importation and unquestionable descent.

With this meager and perhaps unsatisfactory narrative, we are
obliged, to dismiss the Gough and Miller importation, and “Patton
stock” of Kentucky. Besides what has been published in the agri-
cultural and other papers regarding them, all of which are condensed
in the above account, we have had the opportunity of conversing
with several aged cattle breeders of the blue-grass region of Ken-
tucky more than thirty years ago on the subject, and they clearly
corroborated the accounts according to their recollection, as we have
given them. A few of these venerable men are still living and have
attested to the great excellence of one or more of those bulls as pos-
sessing many strikingly good points of the well-bred bulls of the
present day.

VARIOUS OTHER IMPORTATIONS,

Soon after the last American war with England, in the year 1815,
it is stated that Mr. Samuel M. Hopkins, then a resident at Moscow,
in the Genesee valley, N. Y., imported a Short-horn bull called Mar-
quis (408), and a cow called Princess, said to be of the stock of Robert
Colling. Mr. Hopkins also, in 1817, brought out a bull, Moscow
(9413). A few descendants from these, afterwards crossed by Short-
horn bulls from Col. Powel’s herd, purchased by the Holland Land
Company for the benefit of the settlers on their lands in Western New
York, were carefully bred many years at and near Batavia, in Western
New York, some of the blood of which is still found in good herds.

In 1815 or ’16 a Mr. Cox, an Englishman, brought into Rensselaer
county, near Albany, N. Y., a Short-horn bull and two cows, which

THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION. 161

_ were placed upon the farm of Mr. Cadwallader Colden. They were
there bred for several years, but had no recorded pedigrees. They
were afterwards crossed with the later bulls imported in 1822, by a
Mr. Wayne, viz.: Comet, 1383, and Nelson, 1914, A. H. B. Some of
the descendants of the Cox cows and bulls became the property of
Mr. Bullock, of Albany county, which were bred to these bulls, and
many good animals sprung from them. ‘These latter were locally
called the “Bullock stock.” We first saw several of them in the
year 1833. ‘They were large, robust animals, good, although not
remarkably five in quality, but compared with others of later impor-
tation, true Short-horns.

“THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817.”

We now come onto fair ground in the introduction of genuine
Short-horns in the United States; and although frequent debates and
controversies have occurred touching the purity in blood of the Short-
horns of that importation, to a candid mind there can be little doubt
of their legitimate descent. The story of their purchase, arrival in
Kentucky, and subsequent breeding, has been often told in various
publications—among others, in the first and second volumes of the
American Herd Book; but as these volumes may not be at the read-
er’s hand, a full repetition of their history will be given.

Col. Lewis Sanders, a gentleman of character, position, and engaged
in active business, then in the prime of life, lived at Grass Hills, Ky.,
in the year 1816. We have had the pleasure of his personal acquaint-
ance, having first met him about the year 1850, in Cincinnati, Ohio,
and on two or three occasions afterwards—the last time in the city
of New York, in the winter of 1859-60, he then being upwards of
eighty years of age, and a few years previous to his decease. In our
first interview he particularly related the account of his importation
of cattle from England into Kentucky in the year 1817, of which we
then made a memorandum. Of his truthfulness no one knowing him
ever entertained a question. The best and most succinctly wvctten
account of that importation was by Mr. Brutus J. Clay, of Bourbon
county, Ky., a large farmer, Short-horn cattle breeder, and a gentle-
man of unquestionable character, published February 1, 1855, in the
Ohio Farmer, at Cleveland, Ohio. In prefacing his account Mr. Clay
introduces a letter from Col. Sanders to Mr. Edwin G. Bedford, an
extensive and experienced Short-horn cattle breeder of Bourbon
county, Ky.:

II

162 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“JT was induced to send the order for the cattle (in the fall of
1816), by seeing an account of Charles Colling’s great sale in 1810.
At this sale enormous prices were paid; one thousand guineas for
the bull Comet. This induced me to think there was a value un-
known to us in these cattle, and as I then had the control of means,
determined to procure some of this breed. For some years previous
I was in the regular receipt of English publications on agricultural
improvements, and improvements in the various descriptions of stock.
From the reported surveys of counties, I was pretty well posted as to
the localities of the most esteemed breeds of cattle. My mind was
made up, fixing on the Short-horns as most suitable for us. I had
frequent conversations on this matter with my friend and neighbor,
Capt. William Smith, then an éminent breeder of cattle. He was
thoroughly impressed in favor of the old Long-horn breed. To
gratify him, and to please some old South Branch feeders, I ordered
a pair of Long-horns; and was more willing to do so from the fact,
that this was the breed selected by the distinguished Mr. Bakewell
for his experimental, yet most successful improvements. I forwarded
to the house of Buchanan, Smith & Co., of Liverpool, $1,500 to make the
purchase, expecting to get three pair only, with instructions to pro-
cure a competent judge and suitable agent, to go into the cattle
district and make the selection, the animals not to be over two years
old, and no restriction as to price. At the time, the Holderness breed
was in highest repute for milkers. I directed that the agent should
be sent to Yorkshire to procure a pair of that breed, then to the river
Tees, in Durham county, for a pair of Short-horn Durhams, then to
the county of Westmoreland for a pair of the Long-horns, etc.

“The agent sent from Liverpool, J. C. Etches, a celebrated butcher
of that place, went as directed, and purchased six pair instead of
three. It being soon after the war, all kinds of produce had much
cheapened, and the stock sold lower than was expected.

“After the cattle were shipped from Liverpool, on the vessel Mo- »
hawk, bound to Baltimore, Md., where the cattle afterwards landed,
I sold one-third interest in them to Capt. Wiliam Smith, and another
third to Dr. Tegarden, of Kentucky.” ;

It appears that there were twelve animals in all purchased and
shipped—eight Short-horns, four bulls and four heifers; and four
Long-horns, two bulls and two heifers. No pedigrees came with the
cattle, as it was five years previous to the publication of the first
volume of the English Short-horn Herd Book. ‘There was simply an

DHE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION @OF 1817. 163

invoice of the cattle, which only partially described them. This
invoice Col. Sanders gave, as follows:

“No. 1. Bull from Mr. Clement Winston, on the river Tees, got
by Mr. Constable’s bull, brother to Comet,” afterwards (155) E. H. B.
The name of this bull was San Martin, afterwards (2599) in E. H. B.

“No. 2. Bull, Holderness breed,:from Mr. Scott, out of a cow
which gave 34 quarts of milk per day.” The name of this bull was
Tecumseh, afterwards (5409) E. H. B.

“No. 3. Bull from Mr. Reed, West-holme, of his own old breed.”
This bull is probably the one called Comet, afterwards 1382, A. H. B.
Said to have been got by either Comet (155), or his brother North Star
(458), E. H. B.

“No. 4. Bull, Holderness breed, from Mr. Humphreys, got by
Mr. Mason’s bull, of Islington.” No Herd Book record appears to
_ have since been made of this bull, and we know not what became of
him. Mr. Clay states that one of the bulls “was sold to Capt. Fowler,
who afterwards sold him to Gen. Fletcher, and was taken to Bath
county, Ky., where he died.”

Of the females, the invoice states that

“No. 7, was a heifer from Mr. Wilson, Staindrop, Durham breed.

“Nos. 8, 9, 10, were heifers from Mr. Shipman, on the river Tees,
of his own breed.

“In the division of the Short-horns above named, Col. Sanders
became owner of the bulls San Martin and Tecumseh.” Col. San-
ders states that Comet became the property of Dr. Tegarden.

“Of the Shipman heifers, No. 7 became the property of Captain
Smith, and was called the ‘Durham Cow.’

“Of the four remaining, two were retained by Col. Sanders. One
of which was called ‘Mrs. Motte,’ and the other named the ‘ Teeswater
Cow.” ,

The other fourth heifer died in Maryland, never having reached
Kentucky.

This disposes of the Short-horns of the importation.

“Of the Long-horns, Capt. Smith was the owner of one of the bulls,
called ‘Bright.’ Dr. Tegarden took the other, and called him ‘Ris-
ing Sun,’ which, by some strange mistake, is recorded in the English
Short-horn Herd Book as number (6386).

“Of the Long-horn cows, No. 11 was called the ‘Long-horn Cow,’
and No. 12, ‘Georgia Ann,’ the property of the gentlemen who
owned the Long-horn bulls.”

164 HST ORY OF (VEE SHOR D- WO RIN S:

The Long-horns were bred together, and left some produce. A
Long-horn bull, from Capt. Smith’s cow, was sold to Mr. George
Renick, of the Scioto valley, in Ohio, where he was bred for some
years. The original Long-horn bulls were bred to some extent to
other cows than those which were imported with them, but they did not
prove popular with the cattle breeders of Kentucky, and after a trial
of some years they gradually run out, as many years ago no trace of
them, in pure blood, could be found in the vicinity of their importa-
tion. Through the bull taken to Ohio by Mr. Renick (but whether
from pure Long-horn heifers or not we have no information), several
cattle with marked characteristics of the blood were bred in the
Scioto valley. We recollect, in 1821, when just verging into man-
hood, taking a horseback journey from Columbus to Circleville, in
the vicinity of which latter town the Renick brothers owned large
landed estates, we saw a herd of a dozen or more Long-horned cattle
grazing in a field by the side of the road. ‘Their singular appearance,
grazing on the rich blue-grass, or lying under the shade of the majes-
tic trees, attracted our attention. We rode up to the fence, hitched
our horse, and went into the field to view them. ‘They had every
appearance of being either thorough-bred, or high grades of the
Long-horn breed, with long drooping horns, pushing forward beyond
their noses, or falling below their jaws, light brindle in color, with
white stripes along their backs, as we now see their portraits in the
books. They were long-bodied, a little swayed in the back, not
very compact in shape, but withal imposing animals to the eye.
We made no inquiries about them at the time, as we then knew little
of breeds of cattle. ‘Thirty years afterwards being again at Circle-
ville, and having a better knowledge of breeds, on inquiry for cattle
of that character, we could find no trace, nor even a recollection of
them among the older farmers of the vicinity.

' We have diverged into this somewhat extended episode of the
Long-horns to explain why and wherefore it has since become a sub-
ject of more or less controversy with doubters of the integrity of
the Short-horn blood of the 1817 importation, that the Long-horn
blood became to some extent amalgamated with the true Short-horn
blood of the stock which came into Kentucky with them. It is cer-
tain that the bull “Rising Sun” got into the English Herd Book
(6386), as “imported into the United States of America.” It is also
certain that some pedigrees of crosses between the Long-horned
and Short-horned cattle have crept into the Herd Books, both Eng-
lish and American; but, as the Long-horns in England have for a

Pie key N.UCKY IMPOR TATION, OF 1817. 165

long series of years been considered a valuable race, and their reputa-
tion, through the skill and perseverance of Bakewell, their distinguished
breeder, stood high, and many pure Short-horn crosses have since
been made upon the Kentucky Long-horns, little, if any, injury can
be imputed to animals now existing which may inherit the remote
fraction of Long-horn blood traced into their veins.

To return to the Short-horns of the 1817 importation, and the
evidences, in absence of pedigrees to them, touching their purity of
blood, which has been challenged. In addition to the testimony of
Col. Sanders in the employment of his agent, Mr. Etches, the latter,
in a letter to Mr. Affleck, published in the Western Farmer and Gar-
dener, writes: “Ihave been a butcher twenty-eight years in Liver-
pool, and am a breeder of fine stock. I was the purchaser of the
Short-horn stock for Messrs. Buchanan, Smith & Co., which went to
America in 1817—six in number, three bulls and three heifers [eight
he ought to have said, as there were four of each sex, including the
two Holderness, which were also Short-horns, in fact]. Avery animal
was pure of tts kind.’ They were selected in Durham or Yorkshire—
perhaps in both, near the river Tees, the ancient home of the race.

Mr. Etches was afterwards the purchaser of Short-horns for other

American importers—for Mr. Letton, of Kentucky, of the bull Loco-
motive, 92 and (4242), also for Mr. Vail, of Troy, N. Y., of the bull
Duke of Wellington, 55 and (5654), and the cow Duchess, page 172,
Vol. 1, A. H. B., all three of them from the herd of Mr. Thomas
Bates. .
The late Gen. James Garrard, of Kentucky, whose word no one
would question, states that “when in England many years ago, he
saw Mr. Etches, who assured him that the Short-horns which he pur-
chased for Col. Sanders were as good of their kind as were then to
be had in England.”

Further, we now quote from the second volume of the American
Herd Book, edited in the year 1855:

“Tn 1848, Mr. Stevens, of New York, was in England. He thus
writes: ‘I saw Mr. J. C. Etches in York, and was introduced
to him by Mr. Thomas Bates, the noted Short-horn breeder. In
answer to my questions, Mr. Etches remarked: ‘I purchased for Mr.
Sanders, of America, in 1817, some Short-horn cattle, of different
persons, near the river Tees. These cattle were thought by myself
and others to be very fine animals.’ In answer to the question by
me if he knew the pedigrees of any of these cattle, Mr. Etches turned
to Mr. Bates, and said: ‘Mr. Bates probably knows something about

166 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

the pedigree of the Shipman heifers, and I refer to him.’ Mr. Bates
replied, that he well recollected of Mr. Shipman’s selling a heifer to
go to America’ She was called ‘Mrs. Motte,’ after a sister of either
Mr. or Mrs. Shipman. Mr. Maynard had a cow bya son of Hubback
(319), which cow he called Starling. This cow (Starling) had three
daughters. One of these daughters Mr. Maynard kept. One he sold
to me (Mr. Bates), and the other he sold to Mr. Shipman, who called
her ‘Starling,’ after her dam, and when he bought her she was in calf
to ‘Adam’ (717). The produce was a heifer, which he called ‘Mrs.
Motte,’ and afterwards sold to Mr. Etches.’ As Mr. Bates owned a
sister of the dam of Mrs. Motte, he knew her pedigree, and as a sale
to go to America was a remarkable thing in that day, the fact made a
strong impression on Mr. Bates’ mind. See pedigree of ‘Young Star-
ling,’ in page 543, Vol. 2, Coates’ Herd Book. Mr. Shipman’s ‘Star-
ling’ (dam of Mrs. Motte), was fw/ sister to one of the Starlings
named in said pedigree. (Of course her pedigree was the same.)

“Mrs. Motte’s pedigree thus stands:

“Mrs. Motte, got by Adam (717), dam Starling, by a son [by
Favorite (252)| of Mr. Maynard’s old Yellow Favorite (cow); gr. d.
by a son of Hubback (319), g. gr. d. by Manfield (404), g. g. gr. d.
(Young Strawberry), by Dalton Duke (188). Here this pedigree, at
page 543, Vol. 2, ends; but referring, in Vol. 1, page 508, to the ped-
igree of Young Strawberry, the cow last named above, it will be seen
that she goes further back, in carrying out the pedigree of Mrs,
Motte, thus: g. g. g. gr. d. Favorite (bred by Mr. Maynard), by Mr.
R. Alcock’s bull (19). Then, in pedigree of this cow, Favorite, Vol.
I, page 308, it will be seen that Mrs. Motte’s pedigree continues
further back, thus: g. g. g. g. gr. d. by Mr. Jacob Smith’s bull (608),
g. g. g. g. g. er. d. by Mr. Jolly’s bull (337). There are few, if any,
better pedigrees than Mrs. Motte’s—granting it to be correct—in the
Englsh Herd Book.

“As the other two heifers, and the bulls, were purchased in the
same neighborhood, and at the same time, it may be inferred, that if
their pedigrees were not equal in length, their blood may have been
as good. But itis not proposed to argue the question. Facts are
submitted.

“In the succeeding importations, by Mr. Powel, of Philadelphia,
some of which found their way into Kentucky, in 1824-’5 (the pedi-
grees of which were unquestioned), the descendants of the 1817
importation were bred to these bulls, and were afterwards bred to
the Ohio and Kentucky importations of later years; and as they have |

THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 167

been bred upon by /vesher unquestionable Short-horn blood for more
than thirty years, there is but a fractional part of the 1817 blood to
be traced in any living animal claiming descent from it. These
descendants stand upon record as having frequently been successful
competitors among the prize cattle in the States, where they have
been exhibited by the side of those possessing none else than pure
Short-horn blood.

“Since writing the above, I have been favored with a letter from
Mr. H. H. Hankins, of Bloomington, Clinton county, Ohio, who was
one of the agents sent by the Clinton County Cattle Company to
England, for the purchase of Short-horns, in 1854. It is thus:

‘DEAR Str—Yours, asking for information relative to the Sanders
cattle importation of 1817, is at hand. I was, when in England, in
the immediate neighborbood of the river Tees, where Mr. Etches
purchased the cattle, z. ¢., the Short-horns. Before I left Ohio, I had
learned the names of the persons of whom the stock had been bought,
and also their locality. I made inquiry of many who are now breed-
ing Short-horns on the Tees, respecting the persons of whom the
cattle were bought. I found several who knew them from character,
but were not personally acquainted with them; but was recommended
to call on an old gentleman, of good character, living near Darling-
ton, who had been a breeder of Short-horns at the time Mr. Etches
bought them for Col. Sanders. His name is Timothy Lanchester.
He told me that he had been an intimate friend of Messrs. Robert
and Charles Colling, and most of the other old breeders in Durham.
I gave him the names of the men of whom Mr. Etches bought the
cattle for Mr. Sanders. He at once said that he knew them well,
and gave me a certificate, a copy of which I send you. I was recom-
mended to this old gentleman by the Messrs. Emerson, Harrison, and
others, who spoke highly of his integrity and knowledge of the old
breeders in that vicinity. The certificate is as follows:

‘I, Timothy Lanchester, of Haughton Leskeine, near Darlington, Durham, Eng-
land, born in the year 1771, do hereby certify, that I was well acquainted with
Matthew Shipman, Clement Winston, Thomas Reed, and Mr. Wilson, who were
cattle breeders on the river Tees, and who, it is’said, sold some Short-horns to a Mr.
Etches, of Liverpool, which were to be shipped to the United States, in the year 1817.

“They were gentlemen of the highest character, and their fine Short-horns were
considered equal to any in the country at that day. The importance of keeping
pedigrees was not so much thought of at that day as at the present; since which
time there has been-a public record of the Short-horns kept in England, by which
may be traced, some of them, to the herds of the above-named gentlemen. I was
engaged in breeding Short-horns at the date above alluded to, and have been more

168 HISTORY OR HE, sO RD =r ORNs:

or less interested in Short-horns up to the present, and have been familiar with most
of the breeders of Short-horns in England, from the days of the Collings down to
the present time, and I have never heard any one doubt that the Messrs. Shipman,
Winston, Reed and Wilson, possessed as pure Short-horns as existed at that day.
‘Given under my hand, at Darlington, England, the 6th day of March, 1854.
(Signed) TIMOTHY LANCHESTER.’

‘T could have had a number of other certificates from younger
breeders, but I preferred to take one from this old and much esteemed
gentleman, who had personally known those old breeders.

(Signed) H. H. Hankins.

“BLOOMINGTON, OHI0, March 25, 1855.

x,”

To pursue the 1817 importation exhaustively, we quote further
from Vol. 4, American Herd Book, edited in the year 1859:

“TJ herewith publish a list of the produce, by name, of the three
cows of Col. Sanders’ Kentucky importation of 1817, together with
the produce of some of their daughters. The record will be gratify-
ing to many who are interested in that blood, and valuable for future
reference. For these papers I am indebted to Mr. H. H. Hankins,
of Clinton county, Ohio, who received them from Dr. S. D. Martin,

of Clark county, Ky. They are as follows:

“Produce of Mrs. Motte, Kentucky importation 1817.

Pane ee Name. Sire. | Owner.
1818, B.| Paul Jones (4661), Imp. Tecumseh (5409),

1819, Red H.| Lady Munday, Imp. San Martin (2599) | Gen. Garrard.
TS 20) eo sel. Meady skate; Imp. Tecumseh (5409), | T. P. Dudley.
1823, * ‘EL.) Miss) Motte; Imp. San Martin (2599) | Col. Sanders.
TG24) e) kAeSylvaial do. Gen. Garrard.
1826, ‘“ B.} Den. dela Motte(1914) do. Dr. Martin.
1827, r.& w. B.| Stonehammer, do. Ohio Shakers.
1828, ‘ B.| Accommodation (2907)| Cornplanter (3492), Walter Dun.
1830, ‘ Bl! Partnership (6277), (?)' Accommodation (2907)

1818, — B.| Wickliffe’s bull, r0g9, | Got on passage,* Robert Wickliffe.
1819, — _ B.| Wellington, San Martin (2599), Mr. Carr.

1820, — H.} Smith Heifer, do. Gen. Garrard.
1821, — H.| Lady Durham, do. B.W. & E.Worthen.
1822, — B.| Lafayette, 1755, Paul Jones (4661), Col. Sanders.
1823, — B.| Napoleon, 1899, San Martin (2599), Major Gano.
1824, — H.} Beauty, Lafayette, 1755, Col. Sanders.
1825, — B.| DeKalb (steer), Napoleon, 1899, do.

1826, — _ B.} Dead, do. do.

1828, — H.|} Hadassah, do. do.

1829, — H.| No name, do. Major Gano.

“Produce of the Durham Cow, Kentucky importation 1827.

““# The Herd Book pedigree of Wickliffe’s bull, says: ‘Got by San Martin (2599)’.—L. F. A.

THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 169

“Produce of the Teeswater Cow, Kentucky importation 1817.

ee een Name. Sire. Owner.
1818, Red B.| Mirandi (4488), Got on passage,* Judge Haggin.
— H.| Miss Haggin, San Martin (2599), Dr. Warfield.
— H.} Hetty (Haggin), do. W. R. Scott.
— B.} Kentuckian (1733), do. :
— H. : Mirandi (4488), Judge Haggin.
— H.| Pink, Munday’s bull, 727, S. Smith.

“Tn regard to the produce of this cow, Dr. Martin says:
of their birth, nor do I suppose I have given

name).—ED.
‘““* The Herd Book pedigree of Mirandi, says: ‘Got by San Martin (2599)’.—L. F. A.

‘T cannot give the dates
them in their proper order’ (of sex or

“Produce of Lady Munday, by San Martin (2599), out of Mrs. Motte.

182I, —
1823, —
1824, —
1825, —
1826, —
1827, —
1828, —
1829, —
1830, —
183I, —
1832, —

B.| Cornplanter (3492),
B.| Champion, 325,
H.| Tulip,

H.| Dead,

H.| Beauty,

B.
B
B
B
H
B

Denton (3583),

.| Misfortune, 716,
.| Comet, 355,

.| Drone,

.| Drucilla,

.| Slider, 979,

Tecumseh (5409),

do.
Mirandi (4488),

do.
Sportsman, 998,
Champion, 325,
Sportsman, 998,

do.*

do.
Duroc, 454,

do.

Hector Lewis.
Gen. Garrard.
do.

‘“* The Herd Book pedigree of Comet, says: ‘Got by Cornplanter (3492)’.—L. F. A.

“Produce of Lady Kate, by Tecumseh (5409), out of Mrs. Motte.

1824, —
1827, —
1829, —
1830, —
1831, —
1832, —
1833, a
1834, ra
1836, —
Ly os
1838, —

.| Duchess,

.| Mohawk (4492),
.| Nancy Dawson,
.| Eleanor,

.| Amanda,

.| Oscar,

.| Backway (?),

Dan Webster,
Southard, 994,74
Dead,

.| Miss Biddle,

Echo,

San Martin (2599),
do.

do.
Stonehammer,
Accommodation (2907)
do.
do.
Tariff, 1023,
Pontiac (4734),
Tariff, 1023,
Nic Biddle,
Geo. Reynolds, 1610,

H. Blanton.
James Munday.
Mr. McClure.

T. P. Dudley.
T. G. Brent.
T. P. Dudley.
Mr. Goodloe.
Mr. Dudley.
do.
do.

T.P.&J.W. Dudley.
do.

“In 1838, Lady Kate broke her leg, and was slaughtered at 17 years old.

“Produce of the Smith Heifer, by San Martin (2599), out of the Dur-

1824, — B|| Sportsman, 998,

ham Cow.

| Cornplanter (3492),

| Gen. Garrard.

“This cow had no other calf, being soon afterwards killed by the goring of an ox.

170 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

“Produce of Sylvia, by San Martin (2599), out of Mrs. Motte.

eae eoee Name. Sire. Owner.

1826, — _ B.| Exchange, 482, Champion, 325, Gov. Trimble, Ohio.
1828, — _ B.| Duroc, 454, Sportsman, 998, Messrs. Renick, do.
1830, — H.| Nymph, do. Gen. Garrard.
1831, — _ B.| President, 2046, Cornplanter (3492), do.

1832, — B.| Proclamation (4838), Denton (3583), do.

1834, — H.} Octavia, do. do.

1835, — H.| Virginia, Exception (3746), do.

“Produce of Lady Durham, by San Martin (2599), out of the Durham:

Cow.
1833, — H.| Susan Munday, Mirandi (4488), James Haggin.
1834, — H.| Laura, Oliver (2387), Ben. Warfield.
1835, — H.} Lady Macallister, Pontiac (4734), J. N. Brown, IIL.
1836, — H.| Phcenix, Oliver (2387), Ben. Warfield.
1837, — H.| Lily, Alonzo, 209, E. Worthen.
—, — B.| Commodore (3448), Mirandi (4488),
—, — B.} Daniel Boone, Son of Mirandi (4488), | ———
——, — B.| Kentucky, 1734, Tariff, 1023, =

“(A part of the numbers attached to the bulls in the above tables, I have looked
up and placed there myself.—L. F. A.)

“Dr. Martin, in a note, adds: ‘I have no list of the produce of the Durham
Cow’s heifer Beauty, by Lafayette, 1755, except one heifer called Beauty, by Prince
Regent, 877.’

“Thus it will be seen that the three imported cows produced thir-
teen heifers, besides sundry bulls, and that four of those heifers
produced fifteen heifer calves, besides bulls—twenty-eight known
females. Supposing the eight other heifers (for the ‘Smith heifer’
only produced one calf, and that a bull) had produced three heifer
calves each, making twenty-four, there would be in the second gen-
eration of the imported cows, including ‘Beauty, by Prince Regent,’
forty breeding cows—and those well cultivated in their breeding
faculties during their lives, as their liberal proprietors, both in Ken-
tucky and Ohio, would be sure to do, we can well imagine that their
numbers, at the present time, would swell to an extent much beyond
what the pages of the Herd Books represent.

“Had all the names of the heifer descendants of the 1817 impor-
tation been preserved by the breeders of their produce, many of the
uncertainties resting upon some of their recorded pedigrees would be
explained. The same remarks may be applied to the produce of
some other importations of well-bred Short-horns many years ago.

Die ekoR IN t Ui Cie Ve TMP OR TAT LON) (OF 1807: 171

occasional pedigrees or memorandums of which have been hunted up
and recorded in the present volume.

“With these tables of produce of the three cows of the original
Kentucky importation in 1817, and some of their heifers, it is to be
hoped that those breeders interested in their blood, whose cattle ped-
igrees do not trace back, dy zame, on the dam’s side, will be able to
substantiate their claim to an undisputed genealogy.”

It will thus be seen that all Short-horns tracing their pedigrees
back through well-bred bulls into animals of both sexes named in the
foregoing tables, may be called pure Short-horns, admitting that the
1817 importation were such. Alluding back to Mr. B. J. Clay’s letter
from which we have so largely quoted, he remarks: “In 1817 [other
accounts say 1818] Mr. James Prentice, of Lexington, Ky., imported
two bulls, John Bull, 598, and Prince Regent, 877, A. H. B., one of
the celebrated Durham improved breed, and the other of the im-
proved ‘AZ77/k’ breed. John Bull was a deep red, fine size, good form,
with delicate down-pointed horns. Prince Regent was pied, white,
with some red spots. ‘They were purchased by Nathaniel Hart, of
Woodford, and John Hart, of Fayette counties, for $1,500, and pro-
duced some good stock.”

These bulls were considered good Short-horns, but like the impor-
tation of 1817, they had no written pedigrees. Many excellent Herd
Book animals now trace their genealogy into John Bull and Prince
Regent, of the Prentice importation.

Those pedigrees which trace through well-bred bulls since the
Gough and Miller importation, or Patton tribe, may have a slight
fraction of unknown blood; but it may possibly be doubted whether
they now have more outside blood in their composition than some
other Short-horns of English birth and Herd Book pedigrees which
have since been imported.

As intimated, there may be some trivial errors in the foregoing
accounts of the early Kentucky Short-horn herds, caused by the
various sources from which they are derived, but in the main they
may be considered correct. Many years ago, between 1830 and
1840, a committee for the purpose of compiling and issuing a Short-
horn Herd Book in Kentucky was appointed, consisting of the late
Messrs. Benjamin Warfield of Fayette, Samuel D. Martin of Clark,
and Robert W. Scott of Franklin counties—the two last mentioned
still living. They obtained probably all the information then in
existence relative to the subject in hand. We understood that Dr.
Martin was charged with the possession of the documentary matter

172 ; HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

pertaining to their proposed labors, but the project was never carried
out. It is chiefly from such material that our information, at second
hand, has been derived.

In November, 1817, Mr. Samuel Williams, of Massachusetts, then
a merchant, residing in London, England, purchased of the cele-
brated breeder, Mr. Wetherell, and sent to his brother, Stephen
Williams, of Northboro’, Mass., the bull “ Young Denton” (963), 16
months old. (This pedigree in Vol. 2, E. H. B., says Mr. Wetherell
sold him to Col. Powel, near Philadelphia, Pa., but that is an error.)
The bull arrived in. Boston, Mass. He remained in that State until
the year 1827 or ’28, when he was taken to Maine, where he died
April 16, 1830. We saw the bull in Massachusetts in the year 1822,
then owned by Mr. Williams. He was a fine animal.

In 1818 Mr. Cornelius Coolidge, of Boston, imported the bull
Celebs, 349, and cow Flora, by Son of Comet (155), both bred by
Mr. Mason, of Chilton. From them descended many good animals
whose pedigrees are in the American Herd Book.

About the year 1820-21, Mr. Law, of Baltimore, or Washington,
D. C., imported the cow Rosemary, by Flash (261), bred by Mr.
Curwen. Rosemary afterwards passed into the possession of Col.
Powel, of Philadelphia, Pa., and from her many distinguished ani-
mals of Kentucky and other States are descended. Mr. Law may at
the same time have imported another animal or two. If so, we have
no account of their names.

In 1821 the late Colonel John S. Skinner, of Baltimore, imported
for Governor Lloyd, of Maryland, the bull Champion (864), the
cows Shepherdess, by Magnet (302), and White Rose, by Warrior
(673); all these were bred by Mr. Coates, the first editor of the
E. H. B. Shepherdess afterwards became the property of Colonel
Powel. What became of White Rose is not known. She was the
dam of Wye Comet (1591), by Blaize (76), got in England, but born
in America, the property of Mr. Law. He was afterwards owned and
used by Col. Powel, and finally by Mr. Watson, of Connecticut.

In 1822 Mr. Williams, of London, before named, also sent to his
brother the cow Arabella, by North Star (460), bred by Mr. Weth-
erell. From her came numerous descendants whose pedigrees are
found in the several volumes of the American Herd Book.

In or about the year 1822 several cows were imported into Boston
by Messrs. Lee, Orr, Monson, and perhaps others, chiefly from the
stock of Mr. Wetherell, before mentioned; among these were Tube-
rose, by North Star (460), owned by Mr. Monson, and Harriet, by

VAST OUS ODMH R siM POR TAT LOANS: 173

Denton (198), owned by Mr. Orr. Both these cows had full pedi-
grees, and left several good descendants. ‘The writer purchased
Harriet in the year 1834, then 14 years old, and unfortunately, past
breeding. She was a fine cow, mostly white in color.

In 1823 Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, of the British Navy (Massachu-
setts born), sent out to the Massachusetts Agricultural Society the
bull Admiral (1608), and cow Annabella, by Major (398), from the
herd of Mr. Wetherell. Both animals left many descendants.

In 1823 Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer, of Albany, N. Y.—through
Col. Skinner, as we understood—imported from the herd of Mr.
Champion, the bull Washington (1566), and the cows Pansy, by
Blaize (76), and Conquest. The latter of these cows never bred, but
Pansy had several descendants by Washington, whose produce have
since been bred and distributed into many States of the Union.

In the year 1822, and during some years afterwards, the late Mr.
Charles Henry Hall, a merchant of New York, who had previously
lived and done business in different countries of Europe, imported
several Short-horns, selected from some of the best herds in England,
and among them the cow Princess, by Lancaster (360), bred in 1816,
by Robert Colling. Mr. Hall resided on a small farm at Harlem,
then a village, just out of New York city, on Manhattan Island. He
kept and bred a few of his Short-horns there, but the larger portion
of them were taken to his farm in Greenbush, near Albany, where
they were for several years kept and bred. This gentleman was not
particularly mindful of keeping the pedigrees of his stock, although °
purely bred, and through this inattention much of the correct lineage
of his herd was lost. We knew Mr. Hall personally for some years
while breeding his cattle, and after he had disposed of his herds. In
answer to our inquiries of their blood relations, his answers were only
that “they were all purely bred,” but, preserving few memoranda of
their breeding, he could not give particulars. Some of them—the
Princess family, for instance—have been registered correctly in the
American Herd Book; others as only tracing to his imported cows
and bulls. This much, however, is certain: Mr. Hall assured us at
different times that he had his animals selected with great care in
England, and he paid liberal prices for them. We saw many of their
descendants between the years 1833 and 1840, and they had every
appearance of well-bred Short-horns, with high milking qualities.

During the above years of Mr. Hall’s importations, several gentle-
men of New York, chiefly through his influence, imported some
valuable Short-horns, selected as were Mr. Hall’s, chiefly, as we

174 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

understood, through the agency of Mr. Ashcroft. These were bred
in the neighborhood of the city, on Long Island, and in Westchester
county; but their pedigrees, on account of their owners not knowing
their importance, were sadly neglected. ‘There can be no doubt,
however, of the integrity of their blood. Some of their descendants
are in the American Herd Book, tracing to the original importations.

In the year 1824, the late Col. John H. Powel, of Powelton, near
Philadelphia, Pa., a gentleman of large wealth and public spirit in
agricultural improvement, began the importation of Short-horns, and
continued it for some years. His selections were mainly, if not
altogether, from the herd of Mr. Jonas Whitaker, already mentioned,
of Otley, in Yorkshire. He bred them with great attention and care
on his home estate, and sold many of their descendants into neigh-
boring districts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Some also went
into New England, others into Kentucky and Ohio. In the cows, he
aimed at securing large milkers, for dairy purposes, in which one of
his families, the Belinas, were famous for their yields of both milk
and butter. In 1831 he imported the bull Bertram (1716), bred by
Mr. Whitaker. We saw him in his stable at Powelton, in August of
that year, then 3 years old, a few months after his arrival. In color
he was red, with a little white, a compact, massive form, short in
the leg, of fine touch, good hair, and altogether an imposing animal.
Many distinguished animals of our American herds trace into his
blood. Col. Powel bred him for some years in his herd. We saw at
the same time several of his imported cows, among them Belina, by
Barmpton (54), a famous milker, which yielded at the rate of 20%
pounds of butter per week. ‘These cows struck us as being of excel-
lent quality, with indications of giving large quantities of milk, and
were in rather low condition. They were good in form, long in body,
straight on the back, broad in the hips, with fine heads and horns,
excellent coats of hair, with large, well-shaped udders and teats.

In the year 1828, Mr. Francis Rotch, of New Bedford, Mass., then
in England, sent out to his brother-in-law, Mr. Benjamin Rodman,
also of New Bedford, the bull Devonshire (966), and the cows Ade-
liza, Dulcibella-and Galatea, all by Frederick (1060), from the herd
of Mr. Whitaker, and with good pedigrees. Descendants from all of
them are now found in several good American herds.

In 1834, ourself became the owner of “Devonshire,” at 8 years
old, which we purchased of Mr. Rotch, then his possessor. He was red
roan in color, good size, excellent points, and left us, as well as his
previous owners, some excellent stock. He died at 11 years old.

MR. ROTCH’S IMPORTATIONS. 175

The cows, Adeliza and Dulcibella, both roan in color, we have also
seen. They were good cows, prolific breeders, excellent milkers,
and lived to be aged animals.

As Mr. Rotch is the only survivor of the enterprising class of
American gentlemen who introduced the Short-horns into the United
States previous to the year 1834, we may be pardoned for a further
brief mention of him. Contemplating this present work, we wrote to
him about three years ago at his rural home in Morris, Otsego
county, N. Y., asking for some reminiscences of the early American
Short-horns to aid us in the undertaking. In his answer, a brief
extract from which we give, it will be seen that at the age of more
than four-score years, “his eye was not dim, nor his natural force
abated.” ‘The letter is written in a clear, round hand, unshaken, and
legible as when in the prime of his life:

“And now, my dear friend, having poured out the fullness of my
heart [his previous sentences were on personal matters only], I must
not expose the emptiness of my head, and incapacity of my mind by
attempting to render you much assistance in the interesting labor
you are about to undertake. Samuel Williams, who was bred a farm-
er’s boy in Massachusetts, and became a leading merchant on the
Exchange of London, in his prosperity thought of his brother at
home, and presuming no present would be more acceptable than
some fine stock, sent him over some Short-horns from one of the best
herds—Mr. Wetherell’s, in England. I think with them came out one
or two heifers for a Boston gentleman. It seemed to me they were
not appreciated, and but for me and an old friend whom I interested
in the affair, their pedigrees would have been irrecoverably lost.

“When in England, in 1828, and making an importation for my
brother-in-law, Mr. Rodman, I arrived at Otley just in time to attend
the exhibition of stock, which was then the great and leading show
of the North for Short-horns. My sudden arrival as an American,
created much interest and kindly feeling which showed itself in the
strong wish that I should not go away without obtaining the animals
I selected, though not intended for sale. aI EEO 8 fag Sa Ml as

“How I would work for you were I ten years younger! How I
should enjoy it! But it is too late. The decay of intellect, judg-
ment, and memory in old age is sad, and much more sad when it is
recognized by the individual himself. I do but cumber the earth.”

Mr. Rotch still survives, at the venerable age of eighty-five years,
still hale and vigorous, enjoying the temperate pleasures of his quiet
home in the valley of “The Butternuts,” and although retired from

176 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

breeding his favorite blooded stock, takes a lively interest in what-
ever appertains to their prosperity and value.

In the year 1830 Mr. Enoch Silsbey, of Boston, Mass., imported
the bull Boston (1735), and cow Agatha (a/ias Boston Cow), by Sir
Charles (1440), both bred by Mr. Curry, of Northumberland, Eng.
These animals left many descendants, now in several good herds.

The foregoing memoranda completes the earlier era of Short-horn
importations to the United States. The prices for which they could
be sold was low compared with their actual value. ‘The spirit in
cultivating improved breeds of cattle pervaded few districts of coun-
try, and those districts widely separated. Communications between
the different breeders were few, and inconvenient, and little of a
common, or of rival interests, existed. New England, with a lean soil,
for the most part, a rigid climate, and a popular opinion generally
prevailing among her farmers that Short-horns were great consumers
of food, and tender in constitution (both egregious mistakes, when
the proper treatment and early maturity of the race were considered),
looked upon them as interlopers, and introduced by “fancy gentle-
men” only, to have something on their farms more extraordinary
than their humbler, harder-working neighbors.

The Kentuckians, and some few stock breeders in Ohio, most of
them large landholders, with a rich soil, a mild climate, and abund-
ant forage, had readily ascertained their worth, and breeding on the
early “Patton” blood with the 1817 bulls, and cows exclusively with
their own bloods, and afterwards with purchases from the later Balti-
more and Philadelphia importations, not only held their own, and
carefully kept records of their pedigrees, but industriously increased
both in blood and quality their cherished herds. Still, for several
years there was a comparative interregnum in Short-horn progress,
and aside from the few New England and New York breeders, as-
sisted east of the Alleganies by the persistent efforts of Col. Powel,
with his fine herd at Powelton, who kept their pedigrees intact, their
efforts would have succumbed but for the occasional demand for stock
from Kentucky and Ohio. ‘The cattle going westward then had to be
traveled on foot, over hilly and mountainous roads for hundreds of
miles’ distance, and through a period of several weeks’ journey to
reach their new homes. There were no railways, and hardly a canal
by which cattle could be transported, except the Erie, through the
interior of New York, which was distant and out of thought for a
Kentuckian or southern Ohioan to traverse.

SUBSEQUENT NEGLECT OF THEM. 17.

Down to the year, say 1832-3, most of the Short-horn breeders of
the States north of Pennsylvania, understanding the importance of
true lineage in their stock, had kept correct records of their pedi-
grees, and registered many of them in the English Herd Books.
Col. Powel had done the same. Yet several parties to whom some
of these breeders had sold more or less of their stock, deplorably
neglected to keep correct pedigrees of either them or their increase,
and through such neglect they were irrecoverably lost. After the
first interest in their possession had passed away some of the cows
were crossed with mean, or native bulls, their descendants became
grades, devoted only to common uses, and ultimately even thorough-
bred cows, in common with grades, were fed off and driven to the

shambles.

12

178 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CHAP ER: She

THe LATER SHORT-HORN IMPORTATIONS,

WE now arrive at a new era in American Short-horns, dating in
the year 1833; many of the Kentucky breeders being convinced by
a thirty years’ trial, first on the Gough and Miller, or “Patton”
stock, and again on the importation of 1817, and their better known
successors, that there was a decided improvement in the neat cattle
they were rearing, they felt the necessity of still further progress,
and also that the material needed should be obtained from a source
where the best specimens then existed. The late Mr. Walter Dun,
an enterprising Scotch gentleman, residing near Lexington, Ky., in
1833, sent out a commission to a friend, Mr. Wiliam Douglass, living
in the south of Scotland, with ample funds at command, to go into
Yorkshire and purchase several Short-horn cattle, the animals to be
of the best quality, without regard to any reasonable price to be paid
for them.

The entire correspondence between the parties connected with this
transaction has been submitted to us for examination. The instructions
were faithfully executed, and six animals sent out in accordance with
them. The importation consisted of the bull Symmetry (5382), and
cows Caroline, Daisy, Multiflora, Red Rose, and White Rose. The
cows are recorded in Vols. 2 and 7, A. H. B. Some of the bulls occur-
ring in their pedigrees were not recorded in the English Herd Book
at the time of their purchase, but we have carefully examined the
original certificates sent to this country with, and relating to them.
The lineage of that importation, may be found in Vols. 2 to 1o,
inclusive, of the American Herd Book. There need be no question
of the purity of their descent. ‘The cattle were shipped at Liverpool,
Eng., September 5, 1833, bound to Philadelphia, Pa., and safely
arrived in Kentucky on the 26th November following, where they
were heartily welcomed both by the owner and the Short-horn breed-
ers generally. They were there bred successfully. Their produce,
in the course of years, became widely disseminated, and are now

MR. WALTER DUN’S IMPORTATIONS. 179

numerously found in many of the good herds of Kentucky, Ohio, and
other States.

Although later in point of time the efforts of Mr. Dun did not
cease with the importation of 1833. Breaking through the chrono-
logical order of dates, in order to complete his introduction of Short-
horn stock to America, we follow out his transactions.

In the year 1836 Mr. Dun in connection with Mr. Samuel Smith,
of Fayette county, Ky. (son of Mr. William Smith, who was con-
nected with the Kentucky importations of 1817, previously men-
tioned), sent another order to England for Short-horns. In compliance
with the order the bulls George (2059), Comet, 356 (1854), and bull
calf Otley (4632), together with the cows Adelaide, by Magnum
Bonum (2243), Beauty of Wharfdale, by Brutus (1752), Jewess, and
Mary Ann (dam of Otley), by Middlesbro (1234), arrived in Ken-
tucky. These animals were also selected in England by Mr. Douglass,
before mentioned. They were placed on the separate farms of the
proprietors and successfully bred.

In the year 1838 Mr. Dun on his own account made another im-
portation, consisting of the cows Premium, by Maximus (2284), with
her bull calf Otho, 794, and Young Charlotte, by Thorp (2757), with
her bull calf Tarick, 1022. These animals did not arrive in Ken-
tucky until the fall of the year, after the death of Mr. Dun, which
occurred August 4, 1838.

Mr. Smith, the partner of Mr. Dun, had died a few months before
the latter gentleman’s death occurred. His entire herd was sold at
public auction a few months afterwards, and the jocw¢ remaining stock
of the two were sold with them under the orders of their several
executors, September 11, 1838. The list of the partnership animals,
their purchasers and prices, were as follows:

Cows.

Adelaide, sold to R. T. Dillard and C. R. Ferguson,............. $1,375
Beauty of Wiharfdale) sold’ to B.S: Read)... .. 5. ce sc ween 755
Adeline, sold to J. Kinnard and Thomas Wallace,............... 1,030
MONI Ose elINESOlGNLO Ene zs) KETIMEY) (ay alala: olelele (eleielerarelctelercieichotsicl =) 440
Mary Ann and calf Otley, 10 days old, sold to R. G, Jackson and B,

INGA YM stossrstenatevctetaveinvere avers Sicha tere volelsic ie sioieveleojetehaercats istietat eis 2,100
erUdence; Sold tOpeia Se VV ASMINOTON) «| ocjo)e cre cvelcereleieloicl iclejeisloiaic ofnie 755
Jewess (barren), sold to J. Matson and J. Spear,................- 276

At the same sale many other thorough-bred Short-horns and grade
animals, upwards of thirty in number, belonging to the estate of Mr.

180 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Smith, were disposed of, all the animals bringing good prices. Among
the former were

Cow, Cleopatra; isoldito;Cx@s Morcan ton). cio ate $1,230
Cow Ellen, sold to R. T. Dillard and C. R. Ferguson, for........ 1,235
Bull Oliver Keen, 5 months old, sold to W. S. Hume, for......... 1,000

For the imported bull Comet, 356, which had, previous to the sale,
become the sole property of Mr. Dun, $3,000 was offered by Mr.
Gray, one of the purchasers of Mary Ann. The offer was refused,
the herd of Mr. Dun remaining in the possession of his family under
charge of his executor, Mr. John G. Dun.

The young imported bull Otley (4632) had been. previously sold
for $2,100 to Messrs. Wasson and Shropshire, of Bourbon county, Ky.

“THE OHIO COMPANY FOR IMPORTING ENGLISH CATTLE.”

Excited somewhat, probably, by the recent Dun importation, in
the year 1834 several spirited cattle breeders of the Scioto valley
and neighboring counties in Ohio, associated and selected an agent—
the late Mr. Felix Renick, of Chillicothe—who, with two assistants,
Edwin J. Harness and Josiah Renick, proceeded to England early in
that year for the purchase of a herd of Short-horns. It was a pro-
pitious time. The prices for good stock of the kind in England were
then low. Mr. Renick bought some from Mr, Whitaker, at Otley,
Yorkshire, who had previously sent out many cattle to Col. Powel.
He had a large herd of his own, his acquaintance with other breeders
was extensive, and Mr. Renick had good facilities for making selec-
tions from some of the best herds, and at prices within the means at
his disposal.. During Mr. Renick’s stay in England he purchased
nineteen Short-horns—bulls and heifers. ‘They were from various
eminent breeders living in or near the valley of the Tees. All the.
animals*were thorough-bred, and, with one or two exceptions, which
could not be then readily obtained, had excellent pedigrees. They
were duly shipped and arrived in Philadelphia during the summer,
and driven over the mountains into Ohio, where they were kept on
Mr. Renick’s farm, near Chillicothe, and bred as the joint property
of the Association.

In the succeeding years, 1835 and ’36, two further importations,
selected from equally good herds as the previous importation of 1834,
were made by the same Association. These animals arrived in
New York, and were transported to Ohio, v/a Erie Canal to Buffalo,

OHIO IMPORTING COMPANY’S SALES. I8I

thence by Lake to Cleveland, and from there to Chillicothe, where
they joined the earlier importation. The cattle were thus kept until
October, 1836, when the entire herd, consisting of the several impor-
tations and their produce, were sold at public auction. ‘There were
seventy-five bulls and cows comprised in the entire herd, according
to the printed catalogue at the time. The number of produce was
not large, as many of the females were only young heifers when im-
ported, and the limited increase in but two years is thus readily
accounted for.

At the sale a large attendance congregated, chiefly from Ohio, with
some from Kentucky, and a few breeders from other States. The
bidding was eager and spirited; prices went high, as many of the
bidders were stockholders, buying their own goods, yet several out-
side parties made purchases at equal prices with the others.

As this was the most important and numerous sale ever made in
America, down to that time, a full account, copied from Zhe Scioto
Gazette, October 26, 1836, is herewith given, with purchasers names
and some other items added:

BULLs.

Matchem (2283), Abm. Renick, Clark county, Ky.,.............. $1,200
Earl of Darlington (1944), Batteal Harrison, Fayette county, Ohio, 710
Young Waterloo (2817), R. D. Lilly, Highland county, Ohio,..... 1,250
Duke of York (1941), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, Ohio,........ 1,120
Greenholme Experiment (2075), J. M. Trimble, Highland county, O. 1,150
Comet Halley (1855), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, Ohio,........ 1,505
Goldfinder (2066), Isaac Cunningham, Bourbon county, Ky.,...... 1,095
Whitaker (2836), William M. Anderson, Ross county, Ohio,...... 855
Nimrod (2371), Elias Florence, Pickaway county, Ohio,.......... 1,040
Duke of Norfolk (1939), Robert Stewart, Ross county, Ohio,..... 1,225
Duke of Leeds (1938), John Crouse, Jr., Ross county, Ohio,...... 575
Windham (2845), Charles Davis, Ross county, Ohio,............. 500
Davy Crocket (3571), Peter L. Ayers, Ohio;............-------- 490
Snowdrop (2654), Stewart & McNiel, Ross county, Ohio,......... 480
Independence (2152), Hagler & Peterson, Ross county, Ohio,..... 400
Perry (not recorded), by Reformer (2505), out of Teeswater, W. H.

Creighton, Madison county, Ohio,.........-++eeeer ee eee cere 400
Goliah (2068), Isaac Cunningham, Bourbon county, Ky.,........- 300
Logan (2218), Elias Florence, Pickaway county, Ohio,........... 750
John Bull (2161), William Renick, Jr., Pickaway county, Ohio,.... 615

Paragon of the West (4649), presented by the company to their

agent, Felix Renick, Ross county, Ohio.
Powhatan, 828%, with his dam Flora, Geo. Renick, Ross county, O.
Rantipole, 885 (2478), Arthur Watts, Ross county, Ohio,........-. 810
Reformer (2505), unsound, J. T. Webb, Ross county, Ohio ses 48

182 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Cows.

Gaudy, by a son of Young Albion (15), J. M. Trimble, Highland

oA A O) MORE Sima sUsuS Haus cou anoeacndn cogoon enddadoduan - $810
Blossom, by Fitz Favorite (1042), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, O. 1,000
Flora, by a son of Young Albion (15), and her bull calf Powhatan,

828%, George Renick, Ross county, Ohio,................2006. 1,205
Lily of the Valley of the Tees, by Young Rockingham (2547), Thos.
Huston whickawayy county. OnioN neice rise = rons cetera eietsiodeletelsnclioe 950

Matilda, by Imperial (2151), Arthur Watts, Ross county, Ohio,.... 1,000
Calypso, by Bertram (1716), Strawder McNeill, Ross county, Ohio, 325
Young Mary, by Jupiter (2170), and cow calf Pocahontas, E. J.

PlannesssmRoss (couriby@MiOsas a clers walelarcis co aneneinaereueiarsral eveietel I,500
Lady Blanche, by Prince William (1344), not a breeder, Charles

IDENEH os Gouna, Olen, Socccasdoocuasucdsaboddudouud0 cue 250
Teeswater, by Belvedere (1706), and her cow calf Countess, by Comet

Halley (1855), John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio,.......... 2,225
Duchess of Liverpool (pedigree not obtained), Wm. M. Anderson,

Less Com, OM odo. Goda podgcoodas ooguooudGoudUs Oooo bo 570
Lady Colling, by Magnum Bonum (2243), not a breeder, J. T.Webb,

IRIs oboe, OMI GoaonivoudoorcadeohosoccoodudoaconoDGaNS 205
Beauty of the West (pedigree not given), Asahel Renick, Pickaway

ontg4, Olio ne cuocouscdosuuon4ogadbuodbudsen odd oobdongodc goo

Lilac, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Elias Florence, Pickaway county,O. 425
Lady of the Lake, by Reformer (2505), R. R. Seymour, Ross Co., O.
Lady Paley, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Alex. Renick, Ross county, O. 510
Poppy, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Harness Renick, Pickaway Co., O. 610
Pink, by Duke of York (1941), Wm. Trimble, Highland county, O. 575
Mayflower, by Duke of York (1941), Batteal Harrison, Fayette 405
Couns, Olio Se ouodcuenssvdogddconvovcdooqaoddodsodoH 0008 405
Lucy, by Duke of York (1941), Geo. Ratcliff, Pickaway county, O. 505
Moss Rose, by Stapleton (2698), Jonathan Renick, Pickaway Co.,O. 1,200
Calestina, by Atlas (1660), T. Huston, Pickaway county, Ohio,.... 930
Malina, by Atlas (1660), Isaac Cunningham, Bourbon county, Ky. 1,005

Tllustrious, by Emperor (1974), Abm. Renick, Clark county, Ky... 775
Lady Abernethy, by Physician (2426), Thomas Huston, Pickaway
Gouin Olu coSosoas susadccvovcodecugh boon odloudcudc00d 815

On the rst April, 1837, a meeting of the company was held at
Chillicothe to close up their affairs and dispose of some remaining
animals, which were not taken at the sale, and others not then offered.
The following were thus sold on 15th April, 1837:

BULLS.

Acmon (1606), M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, Ohio,..............-- $2,500
Comet Halley (1855), George Renick & Co., Ross county, Ohio,... 2,500
Hazlewood (2098), A. Trimble and R. R. Seymour,............. .700

OHIO IMPORTING COMPANY’S SALES. 183

Bouncer, 13209, John Walke, Pickaway county, Ohio,........... $453
Powhatan, 828, Harness Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio,........ 500
Santa Anna (34 months old, not recorded), C. Vance, Ohio Co., Va. 425

Cows.

Flora, by a son of Young Albion (15), M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, O. 1,300
Matilda, by Imperial (2151), Allen Trimble, Highland county, Ohio, 1,220
Fidella, by Comet Halley (1855), 73s months old, Allen Trimble,

Ene EMGh Carina ONO sci66 ote conga c dodo neeceabosbobobod Slee 610
Elizabeth, by , and calf, J. & W. Vance, Champaign Co., O. 1,450
Charlotte, by , Joseph G. White, Ross county, Ohio,..... . 630
Arabella, by Victory (5566), and calf, Arthur Watts, Ross county, O. 1,200
Blush, by Se IRE Jenner, Whaoene, Onions Se hasadsassooaac I,0I5
Emily, by , Asahel Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio,....... 875
Victoress, by Norfolk (2377), M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, Ohio,.... 700

Thus closed the sales of these memorable importations. The com-
pany reaped a large profit on their investment, and conferred a
lasting benefit on the neat stock interests of the country, as well as
awakened a spirit through various other States for forming associa-
tions of like character and results.

At a period of thirty-five years, from the time of the Chillicothe
sales, the pedigrees of hundreds of the descendants of most of those
animals can be found recorded in the American Herd Book, while
others, through various causes, so far as public records are con-
cerned, have become almost, if not wholly, extinct.

After the sales of the Ohio Company, importations multiplied
apace. Agricultural prices in products had been gradually strength-
ening for the few past years, and meats bore good rates in both our
home and foreign markets. Money had been unusually abundant for
two years past, owing to the rival and conflicting measures of political
parties in the general government, and a consequent false estimate of
the ability of the people to extend their credits and plunge into all
sorts of speculation. ‘The farmers throughout the country felt rich,
and among other items of speculative value it is no wonder that the
noble race of Short-horn cattle became an attractive object with
portions of the agricultural community as well as many men of means
whose tastes sympathized in their pursuits. Thus importations of
them were sought, commissions were sent to England, and several
new purchasers went out to select and bring cattle here where prices
ruled high and sales were rapidly made, particularly in Kentucky
and Ohio.

184 HISTORY OF DHE SHOR T-1.O RNS:

It is difficult at this space of time (now thirty-five years since, with
the notices and dates of their arrival only chronicled in the scat-
tered agricultural periodicals of the day, and the memories of living
men not exact), to enumerate the names of all the animals imported,
or the parties owning them from the year 1836 to 1842. It is suffi-
cient to say, however, that the importing parties were many, and
their animals numerous. ‘The accounts, so far as we have been en-
abled to gather them, (but perhaps not in exact chronological order,)
will be given.

About the year 1835 or 36, Mr. Thomas Weddle an Englishman,
emigrated with his family from Yorkshire, Eng., into Western New
York, and brought with him a dozen or more good Short-horns, all
having good pedigrees, and chiefly from the herd of Major Bower, a
well-known breeder of Welham, Yorkshire. Among them were the
bull Charles (1816); Welland 1084¥, and one or two others. Among
the cows were Crocus, by Romulus (2563); Primrose, by Pioneer
(1321); Daisy, by Ebor (3681), and several more. Mr. Weddle bred
his herd several years, selling as opportunity presented, at good prices;
yet, not accustomed to the business, he was careless in the records of
his herd, and although he had the ability, from the pedigrees of his
originals, to perpetuate the genealogy of their increase, the lineage of
many of them was irrecoverably lost, or if not entirely so, they could
enly be traced to the importation in general terms. In the course of
a few years, Mr. Weddle going into other pursuits than farming, his
herd was sold and dispersed; some of them going into Kentucky,
and others remaining in New York.

In the year 1835 or ’36, possibly a year or two earlier, Mr. Ezra P.
Prentice, of Albany, N. Y., began breeding at his villa farm, near the
city, a small herd of Short-horns selected chiefly from the stock of
Gen. Van Rensselaer, already noticed. In 1838, ’39, ’40, ’41, he im-
ported a number of choice Short-horns from various herds in England.
Among them were the bulls Fairfax, 61 (3754); O’Connell, 118; and
cows Appolonia, by Albion (2965); Aurora, by William (2839);
Catherine, by Sir Robert (5181); Esterville, by Alfred (2987); Flora,
by Imperial (2151); Moss Rose, by Barden (1674); Princess, by
Henry (4008); Splendor, by Symmetry (2723); Susan, by Dutchman
(3669); and Violanta, by Charles (1815). He bred his stock, both
of American birth and imported, with great skill and decided suc-
cess, selling many animals into New York, and several other States,
until the year 1850, when at a public sale he disposed of his entire
herd. Mr. Prentice was greatly attached to his stock, but the city

GEORGE VAIL’S IMPORTATION. 185

had encroached upon him, rendering the necessary accommodations
for his cattle stock impossible, and with reluctance he parted with
his herd, then nearly forty in number, and one of the best, at the
time, in the country.

About the same time, 1835 or ’36, or soon after Mr. Prentice,
Mr. George Vail, of Troy, N. Y., began breeding Short-horns at his
villa farm, near that city. He purchased some imported animals,
and others, selecting them with care and judgment. In the year 1839
he imported direct from Mr. Thomas Bates, of Durham, Eng., the
bull Duke of Wellington, 55 (3654), got by Short Tail (2621),
out of Oxford Premium Cow, by Duke of Cleveland (1937); the
first one of the Duchess and Oxford crosses combined, which had
been brought into America. With him came the cow Duchess, by
Duke of Northumberland (1940). Although called Duchess, she was
not, on the dam’s side, of tie Duchess tribe so long identified with
Mr. Bates’ breeding, but running, after her dam, by Belvedere (1706),
into another family. This cow, after producing the bulls Meteor, 104,
and Symmetry, 166, (both by Duke of Wellington, 55,) died, leaving
no female progeny.

During several successive years Mr. Vail made importations from
Mr. Bates’ and Mr. Bell’s herds, of crosses with the Duchess and
Oxford bulls, and various families of their well-bred cows, down
to the year 1851. Among them were the bull Earl Derby, 456; and
the cows, Cecelia, by 3d Duke of Northumberland (3647); Hilpa,
by Cleveland Lad (3407); Lady Barrington 3d, by Cleveland Lad
(3407); Arabella, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649); Yarm
Lass, by 4th Duke of York (10167); Yorkshire Countess, by 3d Duke
of York (10166); Agate, by 3d Duke of York (10166); Boukie, by
4th Duke of York (10167; Bright Eyes 3d, by Earl of Derby (10177);
Frantic, by 4th Duke of York (10167).

To the above named were added some from other importations.
Mr. Vail was enthusiastic in the love he bore to his cattle; he bred
successfully, making many and frequent sales until the month of
October, 1852, when he disposed of his entire herd.

About the year 1836, Mr. Erastus Corning, of Albany, imported the
cow Wildair, by Anthony (1640). She bred successfully, and her
descendants are now found in the American Herd Book. There
may have been another or two heifers, and possibly a bull in the
importation, but of them we have no particular account.

Sometime between the years 1835-40, Messrs. James Gowen,
Dennis Kelley, and perhaps another or two associates in the neigh-

186 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

borhood of Philadelphia, Pa., either jointly or severally imported
from England, or purchased from Mr. Whitaker’s importation in some
of those years, some Short-horn bulls and cows, which were said to
be of good quality and full pedigrees. Several progeny descended
from these animals, and a few stray ones, through the hands of other
parties whose stock run into them, have been hunted up, and their
pedigrees recorded in the American Herd Book. But from the
neglect or indifference of their proper owners, many of their pedi-
grees, together with the cattle themselves, have been lost, and only
occasional traces can now be found of them.

A striking instance of the self-sufficiency of some men, in their
own pretensions in one of these cases, as well as in some others of
past days in the matter of pedigrees may be given. When a certain
party was asked if he put the pedigrees of his cattle in the Herd
Book, he scornfully answered: “No! if my word is not good enough
evidence of their pure breeding, no Herd Book record can make it
any better.” We fancy that most cattle breeders would rather have
a clean Herd Book record than the bare assertion, from the imperfect
memory of azy man. ‘Through such lofty assumptions many other-
wise valuable pedigrees of good Short-horns in this country have
been lost.

In the year 1836 Messrs. Edward A. Le Roy and Thomas H. New-
bould, at Avon, Livingston county, N. Y., imported from England the
bull Windle, 185 (5667), and the cows Dione, by Monarch (4494);
Lady Morris, by Priam (4758); Netherby, by Gambier (2047); and
Venus, by Magnum Bonum (2244)—a choice selection. The stock
was carefully bred for eight or ten years, occasional sales during the
time being made from them. Soon afterwards these gentlemen mak-
ing sale of their farms the stock was likewise sold, and the herds
scattered.

About the same time as the above, the late Mr. Peter A. Remson,
of Alexander, Genesee county, N. Y., imported the bull Alexander, 4,
and the cows Adelaide, by Cupid (1894); Lavinia, by a son of Scipio
(1421); and Prettyface, by Henwood (2114). Mr. Remson bred
them for some years, and sold several of them and their produce
while at Alexander. On selling his farm in 184-, he soon afterwards
removed the few remaining ones to another farm, which he occupied
in Maryland, where, within two or three years, they were finally sold,
and further traces of them lost, except as some of the pedigrees of
their descendants have since appeared in the American Herd Book.

WHITAKER’S AND OTHER IMPORTATIONS. 187

In August, 1837, Mr. Jonas Whitaker, of Yorkshire, Eng., before
named, imported a herd of 15 bulls and 19 cows and heifers into
Philadelphia, Pa., and placed them on the farm of Col. Powel, at
Powelton, near the city. They were a good herd, and in high condi-
tion, with good pedigrees, as we saw them a few days previous to the
sale. They had been widely advertised, and at the day of sale drew
a numerous attendance of Short-horn breeders from the surrounding
States, and some from the more distant States of Ohio and Kentucky.
The prices for the bulls averaged $353, and for the cows $480,
amounting in the aggregate to $14,215. Several of the cattle went
to Kentucky, some to Ohio, and others to Pennsylvania, and the
States adjoining.

Mr. Whitaker repeated his importations to some extent in 1838-9,
but the average prices falling off in the latter year he made no further
importations. The late Mr. William Neff, of Cincinnati, Ohio, pur-
chased several animals at Mr. Whitaker’s sales, and successfully bred
them. Many American recorded pedigrees trace to his herd.

At the last sale, in 1839, eight cows sold for $3,672, being an aver-
age of $459 each. The bull Sir Robert (we have not his pedigree
number, if recorded) sold for $700. Several other animals were sold
at the same time, but we have not seen any report of their prices.

In 1837 to 1839, Messrs. James Shelby and Henry Clay, Jr., of
Kentucky, made importations of several fine cattle, some of which
they kept and bred for a time, and others were sold soon after their
arrival in Kentucky. In 1837 they imported ten cows and one bull,
Don John, 426. At a sale of Mr. Clay, Jr., in Lexington, in the
autumn of 1839, the following females were sold at a public auction
with prices attached:

WRIT aE err Tt Se ee eos nenes ss eR eae $835
“EPP Tee Ge ie 8 Be ae ea Se nee ip eee 745
Venus, 5 “ UE ee RNS Be oe eA Se 210
RaCERIN DA ES Wet Te Eee sin clea wicio wee malariae Yael 520
PMCnESS AIDS - Oo) SL eoiaiss ac ask) woe Sepia enleeu men Jo wttte 340
Dr ee eS eee oon oe eee 300
Daphne,5 “ “ (Sick,)..-...----- 222-2 ee eee eens eee eee 230
Beauty, 2 years “, (doubtful breeder,).......-......-.-...-- 176

Average, $419% each.

About the year 1837 or ’38, the late Mr. Henry Whitney, of Mor-
ristown, N. J., imported two Short-horns. We have no account of
the individual animals or their names, but from the records of their
produce in Vol. 1, A. H. B., we infer that one of them was the bull

188 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Birmingham (3152), and the other was the cow Ringlet, by Belshaz-
zar (1704). Whether any other cattle were imported by Mr. Whitney
we have no information.

About the same time as the above, the late Mr. William Gibbons,
of Madison, N. J., imported the bull Majestic (2249), and the cow
Volage (bred by Mr. Whitaker), by Charles (878). The cow bred
the bull Zero 190 (by Majestic). Of her and her breeding we have
no further account, as Mr. Gibbons took little fancy to cattle of any
kind, his taste running to blooded horses, of which he bred several
of high repute in the turf annals of his time.

Dr. Samuel D. Martin, Pine Grove, Clark county, Ky., in addition
to a herd of Short-horns which he had some years before established,
in the year 1839, in conjunction with Messrs. Hubbard and J. P.
Taylor, sent an order to England and imported four cows and a
heifer calf, viz.: Beauty, by Laurel (2181), bred by Mr. Parker;
Jessy, by Plenipo (4724), bred by A. L. Maynard; Leonida, by Red
Simon (2499), bred by Mr. Peacock; Sprightly, by Fitz Roslyn (2026),
bred by Mr. Paley; and the calf Rosalie, by Cadet (1770), bred by
Mr. Paley. ‘Three of the cows were in calf before leaving England.
Sprightly produced twin bulls: Specie (5289), and Speculation (5263),
by Mendoza (4456); Beauty produced Bullion (3240), by Lofty
(2217); and Jessy produced the heifer Jessamine, by Leonidas (4211).
These cows all proved good animals, and excellent milkers. Many
of the produce are recorded in the American Herd Book.

It is probable that about those years some other importations of a
few Short-horns were made by gentlemen living in our Eastern cities,
which were placed on their country places in their several vicinities,
but as they were simply amateurs, caring little or nothing for pedi-
grees, and the novelty of their possession soon abating, the cattle
themselves, and their produce, pedigrees, and history, were ultimately
absorbed, or lost in the common stock of the country.

In the year 1837 or 38, Mr. John F. Sheaffe established a choice herd
at his farm and country residence at New Hamburgh, Dutchess
county, N. Y., on the Hudson. They were chiefly descendants from
the New England importations. To them in 1843 he added several
cows which he imported, among which was Seraphina, by Wharfdale
(1578). The other names are not now recollected.

In 1848 Mr. Sheaffe imported the bull Duke of Exeter, 449 (10152),
then a calf, bred by Mr. John Stephenson, Wolviston, Eng., a valuable
animal, chiefly of the Princess tribe of blood. This bull made a
marked impression by way of improvement on his produce. He was

SHEAFFE’S AND OTHER IMPORTATIONS. 189

mainly yellow-red in color, and a remarkably fine handler. At two
and a half years old, at the final sale of Mr. Sheaffe’s herd, he became
the property of the writer, and for two years longer bred with signal
success. He died at six years old of inflammation in the kidneys.

Mr. Sheaffe bred his herd successfully until 1850, when, going on a
prolonged absence to Europe, the stock were sold, and distributed into
several hands, who have since placed the pedigrees of their descend-
ants in many pages of the American Herd Book.

In 1838 the late Dr. John A. Poole, of New Brunswick, N. J.,
imported the cows Fanny, by Charley (1817); Maria, by Henwood
(2114), and possibly others. Dr. Poole’s house was burned in 1842,
and his Short-horn papers were destroyed.

In 1843, and partially contemporary with Mr. Sheaffe, Mr. James
Lenox, of New York, owning a fine country residence and farm
adjoining Mr. Sheaffe, imported several good Short-horns. Among
them were the bulls King Charles 2d, 84 (4154); Prince Albert, 133
(4809); and cows Daffodil, by Sampson (5081); Gayly, by Sir Thomas
Fairfax (5196); and Red Lady, by Hubback (2142); all from the
herd of Jonas Whitaker, of Yorkshire. He bred them for several
years. Although managing his stock by proxy, they were skillfully
and successfully bred, but selling the estate and removing altogether
to the city, his herd was dispersed into different hands, who still keep
their pedigrees in the Herd Books.

In the spring of 1839, Rev. R. T. Dillard and Mr. Nelson Dudley,
of Kentucky, went to England and selected for the Fayette, Kentucky,
Importing Company, a superior lot of Short-horns. After their ar-
rival home they were placed on the farm of David Sutton, near
Lexington, and in July, 1840, were sold at auction, as follows:

BULLS.
Carcase, 312 (3285), calved in 1837, sold to B. Gratz,.............. $725
fEolus, 200 (2938), calved in 1836, sold to R. Fisher,.............. 610
Eclipse (9069), calved in 1837, sold to R. Fisher,..............+26- 1,050
Crofton (3523), calved in 1839, sold to J. Downing, ............... I55
Prince Albert, 2065, (calf of Victoria,) 2 mos. old, sold to J. Flournoy, 350
Wiashinoton) notirecorded), Galtier) sia cele e olsieivnersieieieieteiekelale clei tellers 85
Nelsony- 741s: SOlditoy bay hodhunter: «sc <)os o's) celeruseithvisieieisltis/s}s1s.0\0.6 5.6 610
Orlando, 3225, (calf of Lady Eliza,) sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon Co., 305
Trojan, 11080, (calf of Lily,) sold to Wheeland & Co.,............- I50
Bruce, 289, (calf of Avarilda,) sold to M. Williams,................ 315
Milton, 713, (calf of Miss Maynard,) sold to James Gaines,......... 285

Average, $422 each. $4,640

190 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Cows.

Victoria (dam of Prince Albert), sold to R. Fisher,.............4. $1,750
Miss Hopper, sold to Thomas Calmes,....-..-2.005 seeeeees S600 2 PUf0)
BlizabethisoldiitovAcyMic Glin eye cscicieieie clo lojelsie rencyehcielciayeserejehsioneysiclons 505
Maria (calf of Elizabeth), sold to J. B. Ford,................45- 310
Miss Luck, sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon county,................ 800
BashionsoldstoxGawWeawfalliam siti. <1. cr. lel erelelele/ ete oreys clelaicusictene) ovens 440
Zela (calf of Fashion), sold to G. W. Williams,.............0000- 445
Splendor, sold: to B>\Gratzye cies cs « wtee oe einietele ole os sielnie ele es ciel 650
APwUbhoyy rolkel (wo) AN IMIG Ohint oa oda noudouboedod be nodeooKdbasDodoN 700
Britannia, and heifer calf Dido, sold to H. T. Duncan,........... 375
Tsabellasol dgtomReshnisSWe rye rani lelelets cleaner orehereie sinus ieleteloneiedee sero eke 355
Lady Eliza, sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon county,....... fie ee 660
Ibsihys Solel wo) 10, (Cabinesis coiccon colon ndodusino nad poogdgouUdooodude 390
INFheveng oN Gl Ho) Cor] [Ieee 5 Good onodba goucopudacoscoc0oDodaded 730
Avarildaysoldeto gobi Adlein sy. fsycisttvevetelefoleret shee isteteieds seeistehier-teners 920
Beauty, sold to H. Clay, Fayette county. ............cce08 wees 700
Flora (calf of Beauty), sold to H. Clay, Fayette county,.......... 410
Miss; Maynard; solditorAciMic lure; sie...) sie)s/a ele ieeiels arelehei ell atesel Be 1,005
Jessica, Sol dito a oel Wbig sins) ry. rene te sreze lies ts) eo) ieyausienelienese AO Dea we 330
Rosabella, sold'to: Walliamy Av Warner wel. cii. sles ej-s siete siereree aietole 465

Average, $610 each. $12,210

Of these animals Mercer county took 5; Scott county 5; Fayette
county 8; Jessamine county 4; Clark county 2; Bourbon county 5.
Where the remaining 2 went the account does not state.

Under the depression of the money market of the country at the
time, although at lower prices than paid at some previous sales of the
kind, the result may be considered a good one.

In the Franklin (Ky.) Farmer of June, 1839, it is stated that Lewis
Shirley, of Louisville, Ky., imported from England, and brought there
the bulls General Chasse, calved in 1834; Liverpool, calved in 1838;
and another, called Young Matchem, all having good pedigrees. Only
a few pedigrees in A. H. B. trace their lineage to these bulls.
It is also stated in the same paper, that Mr. Shirley in the autumn of
1839, sold the bull Velocipede (imported in 1836) to Kendall & Co.,
Elkton, Ky., for $1,500; and the bull Liverpool to a company in
Nelson county, Ky., for $1,000.

In February, 1840, Messrs. Wait & Bagg brought to New York
from England, seven Short-horns, bulls and cows. One of the cows,
Empress, by Cyrus (3538), was sold to Mr. George Vail, Troy, N. Y.,
and in the succeeding year they took others of the importation to

DECLENSION OF SHORT-HORN PRICES. IgI

Kentucky. Pedigrees of their descendants are frequently recorded
in the pages of the American Herd Book.

With the year 1840, under the continued depression of the finan-
cial interests of the country at large, the spirit so active during several
previous years in cultivating the Short-horns gradually waned, and
further importations ceased. For several succeeding years the prices
of meats were unprecedentedly low. Mess pork fell to ro, and
even less, per barrel, in our principal markets, and the dressed car-
casses of swine were dull of sale at $2.50 to $3.00 per hundred
pounds, while beef of good quality was worth even less, and a drug
throughout. As a consequence, there was little or no encouragement
for breeding Short-horns. Under this depressed condition of affairs
hundreds of well-bred bull calves were castrated for steers, and many
cow calves spayed and reared for the shambles. Prices for even the
best blooded animals were merely nominal; public sales were scarcely
made at all as in past years, and private sales infrequent. Nor was
the depression for a few years only, but continuous down to nearly or
quite the year 1850. One hundred to two hundred dollars per head
would buy the choice of almost any herd, bull or cow, in the country.
As a specimen of the times, the writer received a commission from
the firm of A. B. Allen & Co., Agricultural Merchants in New York
city, in October, 1850, to select fifteen or twenty good breeding Short-
horns, bulls and heifers, to fill an order for the Island of Cuba, where
an experiment was to be tried with them on the high ranges of coun-
try near its eastern coast. We went into the Scioto valley of Ohio,
and from the herds of some of its best breeders purchased several
beautiful (in calf) heifers, of two to three years old past, red, red and
white, and roan in color—as all white was objected to—for $50 to $100
each, and several bulls at like prices. Some of them were descend-
ants of the Kentucky importation of 1817, with several crosses of
the Ohio Company bulls and their descendants of the 1834 impor-
tation in their pedigrees, and others, pure descendants from the latter.
Every animal was of our own selection. We paid the full price
asked for them, and could have quadrupled the number, or even
more, at the same prices. In Kentucky, New York and New Eng-
land, Short-horn values were no better, and many breeders who had
begun rearing them but a few years before became disgusted with
their stock, turned their choice bred cows into the dairies, put them
to common bulls, and sold off their calves remorselessly to the butcher.
During this depressing period numerous good pedigrees were lost, as
not being worth preserving, and many valuable families of this lordly

192 WISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

race became almost, if not wholly, extinct. A newly imported ani-
mal, although Short-horns were then suffering under depressed prices
in Kngland, would hardly pay the expenses of transportation across
the ocean from any sale which could be made of it here.

Still, the low prices of meats in the markets were not all the diffi-
culty. ‘The taste of our stock breeders had at the time been but
scantily cultivated. Shrewd, discriminating men knew the value of
Short-horns, and the immense improvement they were capable of
giving to the common herds of the country; but when the great mass
of farmers were either too dull or too ignorant to buy, there was little
or no encouragement to breed them. ‘Thus the choice herds so highly
prized but a few years before lay dormant. It was but a repetition
of the result of many valuable enterprises in the agricultural world—
a spasm, an excitement incident to the trial of a new thing, followed
by an indifference, a mistaken and culpable neglect on the part of
the many; but still kept alive by the hopeful foresight of the few
who held persistently on to their herds, anticipating a brighter day
when their anxious efforts would be amply rewarded, as the sequel
will show.

THEIR REVIVAL IN AMERICA, 193

GHeArP TER X:
REVIVAL OF THE SHORT-HORNS IN AMERICA.

THE year 1852 dawned upon a more cheerful prospect in agricul-
tural pursuits than that of the last ten or twelve years preceding it.
Meats had gradually increased in price, as a foreign demand to a con-
siderable extent had opened for our surplus provisions; our farmers
had measurably recovered from their depressed condition, and a
spirit of improvement in their neat stock now gradually revived
among the cattle growers of the country, particularly in the States of
New York, Ohio and Kentucky. Those Short-horn breeders who
had tenaciously held on to and cherished the blood of their favorite
herds—and taken in the aggregate, there were quite a number of
them—gathered their choice things together with renewed care, and
with cheerful hope of better times in the future, set themselves about
their improvement both by accelerated increase and painstaking in
their breeding. Had not the Short-horn race, by their inherent qual-
ities of excellence, borne up against the neglect under which many
of them for years past had suffered, some of them in their depressed

appearance and careless breeding would scarcely be recognized as
high-bred cattle at all, although the aristocratic blood of many genera-
tions still coursed through their veins and remained intact as ever,
Yet by the still hopeful interest, and care of their breeders under
_ the exercise of a discriminating judgment, the neglected herds rap-
idly resumed their wonted comeliness of form and robustness of
condition, and showed their excellence as of old.

About the year 1852 a demand for them gradually sprung up, and
on a deliberate survey of the situation a new impulse was directed to
further importations from abroad. Anticipating a movement of this

kind, in the year 1849 Mr. Ambrose Stevens, of Batavia, N. Y., went to

England and purchased the valuable bull 3d Duke of Cambridge, 1034
- (5941), by Duke of Northumberland (1940), then eight years old, of

his breeder, Mr. Thomas Bates, of Kirkleavington. This bull was
of the Duchess, Princess, and Waterloo tribes combined. After his

13

. =)

— oe.

194 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

arrival in America he became the joint property of Col. J. M. Sher-
wood, of Auburn, N. Y., and Mr. Stevens, and was kept several years,
until he died on Col. Sherwood’s farm. He did much valuable ser-
vice as a sire.

At the same time with 3d Duke of Cambridge came the bull
calf Duke of Exeter, 449 (10152), bred by Mr. John Stephenson, for
Mr. J. F. Sheaffe. New Hamburgh, Dutchess county, N.Y., previ-
ously mentioned.

With the above named bulls were brought out from the herd of
Mr. Stephenson the yearling heifers Princess 2d, by General Sale
(S099); Princess 3d, by Napier (6238); and Red Rose 2d, by Napier
(6238). The latter was sold to Col. Sherwood, and soon afterwards
Red Rose 2d gave birth to Red Rose 4th, by Earl of Chatham
(10176). Red Rose 2d was a remarkable milker (a small cow, from
her early breeding, and thin in flesh from heavy milking), having
made 49 pounds of butter in 25 successive days in May and June,
1851, when 4 years old, with her second calf. To the above may
be added Red Rose 3d, by General Sale. This heifer died without
produce.

With these also came out the bull Lord Vane Tempest, 669%
(10469), sold to Col. Sherwood.

In the year 1850 were imported the bull Earl of Seaham, 1499
(10181), the joint property of Mr. Stevens and Col. Sherwood, after-
wards purchased by Rev. John A. Gano, of Bourbon county, Ky., in
whose possession he died, leaving some valuable descendants.

With Earl of Seaham came also the bull Wolviston, 1109, after-
wards sold by Mr. Stevens to Mr. Ashton, of Canada West.

With the above bulls were imported the cow Princess 4th, by
Napier (6238); Waterloo sth (bred by Thomas Bates), by Duke
of Northumberland (1940); Wild Eyes 5th (bred by Mr. Bates), by
Short Tail (2621). The two last named cows died after their arrival
in America, without issue.

In 1851 Mr. Stevens imported the bull calf Earl Vane, 464, by Earl
of Chatham (10176), and the cow Princess 1st (5 years old), by Napier
(6238); and in 1852 came out the cow Lady Sale 2d, by Earl of
Chatham (10176). Sold to Col. Sherwood.

In the same year Col. Sherwood imported the cow Tuberose 2d,
by Earl of Antrim (10174).

All the above animals of the Stevens-Sherwood importation (ex-
cepting the three bred by Mr. Bates) were bred by Mr. Stephenson,
Wolviston, Eng., and of his Princess tribe.

SUCCESSIVE IMPORTATIONS. 195

In some year, shortly previous to 1848, a Mr. Oliver, of Westchester
county, N. Y., imported the bull Marius, 684, bred by Earl Spencer,
England. He was exhibited at the New York State Agricultural
Show, in Buffalo, 1848, by Colonel L. G. Morris, and there sold to
Mr. David Harrold, of South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio, into
which State he went and did good service for some years. Our
impression is that one or two heifers were brought out with the bull,
but of the fact we have no particular account.

About the year 1851 or ’52, Mr. Lorillard Spencer, of New York, im-
ported the young bull Augustus, 225 (1125), bred by G. D. Trotter,
Middlesex, Eng.; Duke of Atholl, 44 (10150), bred by Thos. Bates;
and Woldsman, 1rro8 (11056), bred by Mr. Topham, Spilsby, Eng.,
and the heifers Faraway, by 3d Duke of Oxford (9047); Jean, by
Chevalier (10050); Sonsie 8th, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408), and
possibly one or two others. These he bred for a few years with some
others acquired at home, when he finally gees of his herd, and
gave up further Short-horn breeding.

In the month of May, 1850, the sale .of thie late Mr. Bates’ herd
was held in England, by his executors, as related in a previous chapter,
at which Messrs. Morris and Becar, of New York, were present, and
bought three Oxford cows and heifers, viz.: Oxford 5th, by Duke of
Northumberland (1940); Oxford 6th, by 2d Duke of Northumber-
land (3646); Oxford 13th, by 3d Duke of York (10166). Of these,
Oxford 5th and roth, were taken by Col. Morris, and Oxford 13th by
Mr. Becar. Col. Morris also bought of another party the bull Balco,
227 (9918), bred by Mr. Bates.

These gentlemen also purchased of another party in England, the
bull Romeo (13619) on joint account.

Col. Morris further purchased of various others the bulls Marquis
of Carrabas (11789); The Lord of Eryholme (12205), and Billy Pitt
(9967); also the cows Beauty of Brawith, by Emperor (6973); Bloom,
by Sir Leonard (10827); and Romelia, by Flageolet (9130).

Mr. Becar also bought of other parties the cows Actress, by Hark-
away (9184); Apricot, by 3d Duke of York (10166); Garland, by
Pestalozzi (10603); Lady Barrington 12th, by 4th Duke of York
(10167); and Lady Booth, by Chilton (10054). ‘These animals were
all shipped to America, where they were established on the farms of
their respective owners, and most, if not all the females bred success-
fully, producing a numerous progeny.

At the great Tortworth Court sale of the herd of the late Earl
Ducie, in the year 1853, noticed in a preceding chapter, Messrs.

196 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Morris and Becar bought the bull Duke of Gloster, 2763 (11382),
and the cow Duchess 66th, by 4th Duke of York (10167), which
they brought home and bred with their previously established herd,
until the death of Mr. Becar, which most unfortunately occurred in
the year 1854, in the full maturity of his vigor and usefulness. Mr.
Becar was a native of France, and emigrating when a young man to
the city of New York, he established himself as a merchant, which
occupation he for many years successfully pursued. He married an
American wife, whose family held large possessions of land on Long
Island, and were among its most intelligent farmers. In possession
of one of those attractive farms Mr. Becar cultivated alike its acres
and his Short-horns with assiduity and success, during the few years
which he devoted to the pursuit. Soon after his death, his late
partner, Col. Morris, purchased his interest in the herd, and a few
months afterwards (selling out meantime many valuable young bulls
to various breeders in different States) he transferred them in one
entire sale to Mr. Samuel Thorne, at Thorndale, Dutchess county, N.Y.

Anticipating a year or two of time, we follow the herd of Messrs.
Morris and Becar into the hands of Mr. Thorne, and merging them
in his own recently well-selected herd, we must pass to an account of
that gentleman’s Short-horn importations and breeding.

In the year 1850 Mr. Jonathan Thorne, of the city of New York,
having on his extensive farm, at Thorndale, a couple of Short-horn
cows recently bought of Mr. Vail, at Troy, sent out to his son, Edwin
Thorne, then in England, to purchase and send him a Short-horn
bull. The order was filled by the importation of St. Lawrence, 1005
(12037), bred by Capt. Pelham, of the Isle of Wight. The young
bull, calved only in the previous November, arrived in America early
in the spring of 1851, and was taken to Mr. Thorne’s farm, where he
remained until of breeding age. He was afterwards sold to the late
Dr. Elisha Warfield, near Lexington, Ky., where he did good service
in his herd for some years.

In the summer of 1852, Mr. Thorne received, on an order which
he sent to Mr. Robert Bell, of England, two heifers, Forget-me-not
2d, by 4th Duke of York (10167), and Countess, by 3d Duke of
Oxford (9047); also from J. S. Tanqueray the young cow Ellen
Gwynne, by Sir Harry (10819). This last named cow (pregnant
before shipped), after her arrival in America, produced the bull calf
Young Balco, 1124, got by Balco (9918), and soon afterwards died
from a quantity of nails found in her stomach, after death.

MR. THORNE’S IMPORTATIONS. 197

In the spring of 1853, Mr. Samuel Thorne (son of Jonathan)—
having assumed charge of the farm and Short-horn stock—in com-
pany with the late Mr. F. M. Rotch, residing in Morris, Otsego
county, N. Y., sailed for England in quest of some Short-horns, “as
good as could be found, without regard to the prices to be paid for
them.” In the ensuing October Mr. Thorne brought out the bul:
Grand Duke, 545 (10284), bought of Mr. Bolden, and two cows.
Duchess 59th and 68th, bought at Lord Ducie’s sale, previously no-
ticed; also the cows Peri, by Grand Duke (10284), bought of Mr.
Bolden; Frederika, by Upstart (9760), and Lalla Rookh, by The
Squire (12217), bred by Mr. Townley; Aurora, by 3d Duke of York
(10166); Mystery, by Usurer (9763); and Darling, by Grand Duke
(10284). The vessel on which the cattle were shipped for America
had a tempestuous passage. Duchess 68th was killed outright by the
falling of a mast, and Peri had one hip knocked down, two ribs
broken, and lost one horn. This accident, however, did not prevent
her from breeding successfully after her arrival in America. The
bull Harry Lorequer, bred by Mr. Fawkes, also purchased by Mr.
Thorne, and embarked on the same ship, was lost by stress of
weather.

The cow Duchess 64th, which was purchased by Mr. Thorne at
the same (Lord Ducie’s) sale, with the before named Duchesses, was
left in England until the succeeding year, having meantime dropped
her calf, 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), which, by previous arrange-
ment, was the property of Mr. Bolden. She soon after came to
America. Her calf, 2d Grand Duke, became the property of Mr.
Thorne, afterwards, in the year 1855, soon after the accident, which
rendered his previous Grand Duke (10284) useless, at the price of
1000 guineas, the same which Mr. Thorne paid for the latter at the
time of the Ducie sale.

All efforts to restore the usefulness of Grand Duke having failed,
he was slaughtered in the year 1857, and made upwards of 1400
pounds, net weight, although in only moderate condition.

The ten animals (exclusive of 2d Grand Duke) of Mr. Thorne’s
first purchase in 1853, comprising Grand Duke and the three Duch-
esses, cost 3,600 guineas—upwards of $18,000o—probably the most
costly purchase ever made by an American down to that time, though
several purchases of cows have since been made at higher prices.

Mr. Thorne’s next importation was made in the year 1854, con-
sisting of nine cows and heifers, viz.: Lady Millicent, by Laud-
able (9282); Sylphide, by Pestalozzi (10603); Cypress, by Lord of

198 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Brawith (10465); Agnes, by Lord of Brawith (10465); Cherry, by Lord
of Brawith (10465); Constantia, by Lord of Brawith (10465); Diana
Gwynne, by Duke of Lancaster (10929); Lady of Atholl, by Duke
of Atholl (10150); and Dinah Gwynne, by Balco, 227 (9918). These
all came out in good condition and proved successful breeders, with
the exception of Sylphide, which produced nothing after leaving
England.

In November, 1855, as before mentioned, Mr. Thorne brought out
the young bull 2d Grand Duke, also the bull Neptune, 1917 (11847),
bred by Mr. John Booth. The bull Duke of Dorset, bred by Lord
Feversham, was also bought by Mr. Thorne, but not shipped until the
summer of 1856. He unfortunately died on the voyage to America.

In the summer of 1856 Mr. Thorne purchased at the sale of Sir
Charles Knightly, in England, the cows Blouzelind, by Earl of
Dublin (10178); Elgitha, by Balco (9918); and Mrs. Flathers, by
Earl of Dublin (10178); also heifers Buttercup 2d, by Horatio
(10335), and Miss Buttercup, by Master Butterfly (13311), both bred
by and purchased of Col. Townley, at the price of 1,000 guineas—
over $5,000 for the five; also the cows Dewdrop, .by Financier
(9122); Darlington 6th, by 4th Duke of Oxford (11387); and Maria
Louisa, by Hopewell (10332), bred by and purchased of other parties.
These animals all arrived safely at Mr. Thorne’s farm, bred success-
fully, and left many descendants.

In 1857, Mr. Edwin Thorne, then in England, purchased and sent
out to his brother Samuel, the bull Grand Turk, 2935 (12969), bred
by Mr. Bolden, Lancashire.

In the spring of the same year Mr. Thorne purchased, as previ-
ously mentioned, of Col. Morris, Mt. Fordham, N. Y., the combined
herds of Messrs. Morris and Becar—who had imported largely from
England—numbering 53 animals, including the Duchesses 66th,
71st, and Duchess ( ) (afterwards recorded in E. H. B. as Duch-
ess of Fordham); the cows Oxfords 5th, 6th, 13th, 17th and 2oth;
Maid of Oxford, Bride of Oxford, Romeo’s Oxford, Gloster’s Oxford,
and Beauty of Oxford, together with bulls imported Duke of Gloster,
2763 (11382); Fordham Duke of Oxford, 2863, and Baron of Ox-
ford, 2525.

In the year 1854, 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), having become
useless, was slaughtered at Mr. Thorne’s farm, being then eleven
years old.

Having some years previous sold some of his Duchess and Oxfords,
bulls and females, to Mr. James O. Sheldon, of Geneva, N. Y., which
the latter had successfully bred, in the year 1867 Mr. Thorne made

R. A. ALEXANDER’S IMPORTATIONS. 199

a final sale of his entire herd, about forty in number, to Mr. James
O. Sheldon, Geneva, N. Y., at the gross sum of $42,300.

About the years 1850 to 1853, inclusive, (for we have been unable
to obtain the exact dates of his importations,) the late Mr. R. A.
Alexander, of Woodford county, Ky., who had for some years, then
past, been a breeder of Short-horns, obtained from different herds in
that State, began an extensive importation of Short-horns from Eng-
land onto his farm, and extending through several successive years.
His imported animals were selected from several different prominent
breeders. Of these importations, on referring to his catalogue of
the year 1856, we find there were eleven bulls, and a much larger
number of cows. He was aided in his selections by Mr. Strafford,
editor of the English Herd Book, and with the ample means at his
command, a choice assortment from some noted tribes was obtained.
Among them we find, from the somewhat incomplete catalogues which
we have been able to obtain, the following:

Butis.—Lord John (11728); 2d Duke of Atholl (11376); Grand
Master (12968); Baron Martin (12444); Fantachini (12862); Mickey
Free, 8626 (A. H. B.); Doctor Buckingham (14405); Duke of Air-
drie, 9798 (12730); El Hakim, 2814 (A. H. B.). To these he added
some other bulls by purchases from late imported herds into
Kentucky.

Cows.—Sweet Mary, by Rufus (6428); Peeress, by Lord Marmion
(8244); Nightingale, by Prince Alfred (8422); Victoria, by Diamond
(5918); Filbert, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408); Jubilee, by Lycurgus
(7180); Lady Laura, by Laudable (9282); Maid Marion, by Robin
Hood (9555); Vellum, by Abraham Parker (9856); Forget-me-not,
by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408); Princess 4th, by Revolution (10713);
Tizzy, by Robin Hood (9555); Beatrice, by Attraction (9912); Alice
Wiley, by Rumor (7456); Lady Barrington 13th, by 4th Duke of
York (10167); Duchess of Atholl, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046);
Graceful, by Earl of Dublin (10178); Pearlette, by Benedict (7828);
Rose, by Puritan (9523); Buttercup, by Puritan (9523); Victoria
2oth, by Broken Horn (12500); Joyful, by Lycurgus (7180); Emma,
by Fair Eclipse (11456); Bonny Lass, by Earl of Dublin (10178);
Jubilee 2d, by Marquis of Rockingham (10506); Filligree, by Abra-
ham Parker (9856); Lady Gulnare, by Senator (8548); Prune, by
Lord Lieutenant (11734); Ferella, by Grand Duke (10284); Grisi,
by Grand Duke (10284); Kathleen Bawn, by Holcombe (10384);
Bessy Howard, by Fitzwalter (10232); Miss Wiley 2d, by Prince
Royal (8428); Jessy 3d, by Duke of Albany (10149); Miss Townley,

200 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

by Brunel (9999); Coquette, by Monk (11824); Doria Picola, by
Duke of Albany (10149); Mary Cattley, by Puritan (9523); Alberta,
by Holcomb (10324); Christine Cattley, by De Grey (11346); Lydia
Languish, by Duke of Gloster (11382); Sally-in-our-Alley, by Bride-
groom (11203); Rosabelle, by Bridegroom (11203) ; Sunrise, by Abra-
ham Parker (9856); Canny, by Will Watch (12307); Lady Valentine,
by Harbinger (10207); Frances Fairfax, by Crusade (7938); Zara,
by Bridegroom (11203); Constance, by Bridegroom (11203); Scotia,
by Lancaster Comet (11663); Minna, by Bridegroom (11203); Pru-
nella, by Duke of Bolton (12738).

To these numerous selections were added several more pur-
chases from other herds imported into Kentucky, which, with his
native bred Short-horns he had for some years previous been cultiva-
ting, comprised the largest Short-horn herd then in the United States.
Neither money nor pains were spared in the selection of his stock,
or in their subsequent propagation. Many sales were made from it,
both in Kentucky and other States, and its reputation was among the
best in the country. :

Mr. Alexander died, unmarried, in the year 1867, in the prime of
his life and usefulness. His large Woodburn estate of some 3,000
acres, together with his cattle, sheep, swine, and valuable stud of
blood and trotting horses, fell into the possession of his brother, Mr.
A. J. Alexander, who still maintains, if not in numbers, yet in their
integrity of blood and quality, the descendants of the valuable stock
which the earlier proprietor had so carefully collected.

In the year 1852 a number of gentlemen in the Scioto valley, in
Ohio, formed an association, sent out one or more agents and made
an importation of near 20 Short-horns, bulls and cows. Most of
them, 16 in number, were sold at the farm of the late Dr. Arthur
Watts, near Chillicothe, at public auction, under the attendance of a
numerous company, as follows:

BULLS,
Nobleman, 1932, sold to John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio,.... $2,510
Master Bellville (11795), sold to Abram Maypool, George Renick,
Harness Renick, and Alexander Renick, Ross and Pickaway

Cotnties Ohio 665 ce aa eee ova es INe NLS) Sik AE Ee Ni Res aa 2,005
Lord Nelson, 664, sold to John L. Myers, Fayette county, Ohio,... 1,825
Alderman, 204, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, Ohio,........ I,150
Gam-boy (11503), sold to M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, Ohio,....... 1,400
Count Fashion, 381, sold to N. Perrill, Clinton county, Ohio,...... 2,075
Young Whittington, 1165, sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, Ohio, 450
Rising Sun, 5130, sold to G. M. Herodh, Scioto county, Ohio,..... I,300

Isaac, 589, sold to G. M. Gregg, Pickaway county, Ohio,.......... 600

NORTHERN KENTUCKY IMPORTATIONS. 201
Cows.
Moss Rose, by Stapleton (2698), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O. $1,200
Strawberry,* by , sold to Geo, W, Renick, Ross county, Ohio, 1,000
Raspberry,* by , sold to Geo. W. Gregg, Pickaway county, O. I,1I0
Sunrise,* by , sold to John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio,... 1,230
Mary, by Lord of the Manor (10466), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark

LE aya OI ssa ey shal aver Ssa¥at oi cin) slic Sak ave’isces oray oval ve Sat dre: sialon as atavshaveisvonceete 1,650
Enchantress, by Leopold, son of D’Israeli (7967), sold to Harness
and Alexander Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio,............... goo
Blue Bonnet, by Earl of Antrim (10174), sold to Felix W. Renick,
bicicawayacounty; (OHIO! a1oye!<rele\oistos: otal ahajen / svalei sla sicpershaianave Mere as I,225
Average, $1,352 each. $21,630

The above prices may be considered extraordinarily high for the
time; but as the competition was among the stockholders of the
importation chiefly, if not altogether, their dividend of profit much
reduced, to themselves, the prices which they paid for them.

In 1853, The Northern Kentucky Association commissioned Messrs.
Charles T. Garrard, Nelson Dudley, and Solomon Vanmeter, who
went to England and selected 9 bulls and 15 cows, from among the
best English herds, and brought them to Kentucky in July of that
year. They were sold at public auction soon after their arrival.
The list consisted of the following:

BULLs.
Young Chilton, 1131 (11278), sold to Dr. Breckinridge and B. and
WieWanticld HP ayettercoumby, hycy-cleleisteloicreieiel +) s)-/elal elo cleters cial $3,005
Diamond, 416 (11357), sold to Brutus J. Clay & Co., Bourbon Co., 6,001
The Count (12191), sold to Strawder Goff, Clark county,......... 2,575
Orontes 2d, 1966 (11877), sold to R. A. Alexander, Woodford Co., 4,525
Fusileer, 1584, sold to R. W. Scott, Franklin county, ............ 1,425

Senator 2d, 958 (13687), sold to John and Albert Allen, Fayette Co. 2,000
Bellville 3d, 1246, sold to Sutton and Coleman, Fayette county,... 1,500
Challenger, 324, sold to Isaac Vanmeter, T. L. Cunningham, Solo-

mon Vanmeter, and Wm. R. Duncan, Clark county,......... Ee eeaO5O
Fortunatus, 1564, sold to Messrs. Vanmeter, Fayette county,...... 1,800
Yorkshire Maynard, 2401 (14043), sold to Robt. S. Taylor, Clark Co. 1,000

Cows.
Lady Stanhope, by Earl Stanhope (5966), sold to Brutus J. Clay,
Bounboni county Gye «sy scveclstehors sisaiehate wxevereacloral sete atereteneis) shel cis $1,500
Lady Fairy, by Laudable (9262), sold to Dr. Breckenridge and B.
anda Wreavare ld sHavettel COUMLY si -jisiere)alatielelelsetiencielevers ele) <0 oie 1,100
Roan Duchess, by Whittington (12229), sold to William H. Brand
andsohnpAllen wh ayette: COUNEY) \ sareiata eicislerarerclsiclers el siclelo iscieis goo

* These cows not having been recorded, unless they have since occurred as dams in other
pedigrees, in A. H. B., we are unable to name their sires, their names not being inserted in the
catalogue of their sale.—L. F. A.

202 HESTORY OE LETS ORD SHOR Ns:

Goodness, by Orontes (4623), sold to Albert Allen, Fayette county, $2,025
Gem, by Broker (9993), sold to T. L. Cunningham, Bourbon Co.,

and Ssvanmeters: Clarkin COum ty series slevainiskers cel) aration crcl siyeney = 825
Equity, by Lord George (10439), sold to R. A. Alexander, Wood-

LOLANCOUMEY \atopetsncieyslerelcinte orci eel oredersierstohsustatedel sTotelioiate Pe: Uejol=latefouatat: 1,000
Necklace, by Duke of Atholl (10150), sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bour-

oI COMINA duo onaodardganupoudoooconoDoonouoc dose ORO aoNS 805
Bracelet, Twin Sister to Necklace, sold to M. M. Clay, Bourbon

COMMA o bo gasnoddo ens. coA eb ddonesesoonduSoeosoodudauegooLl 750
Mazurka, by Harbinger (10297), sold to R. A. mana Wood-

WoyTel GOlMH AK Goda ccoooged ano DONO UogudbooULoODHGoSOOOKMGS 750

Lady Caroline, by Newtonian, 745, sold to B. J. Clay, Bourbon Co, 1,825
Duchess of Sutherland, by Captain Edwards (8929), sold to Wm

H. Brand and John Allen, Fayette county, ..............-e-0- 800
Maid of Melrose, by Lord Marquis (10459), sold to Sam. Humph-

LEYS HV VOOGtOrG COUmitbyrmente acetate shes clefolecelstels fell alctusherelkotoleieasich 2,000
Muffin, by Usurer (9763), sold to D. H. Coulter and W. A. Smith,

SISoWe (OMNI AS dy olag ua lade sooucqoobonuoDUooduanuodoucCKCoGG 535
Orphan Nell, by Ruby (10760), sold to John Hill and John A. Gano,

Bourbonecountysr curt teneerersis sieleteitoneiereocrerctenelileverestonsreieitenoiele I,000
Flattery, by 4th Duke of York (10167), sold to Wen R. Duncan,

Clarks NCouUmbyeeieici eleva sterelececuerclsletalevcyenelel isle sfelensvoleisterenetshelalisteieiers 815

Near the close of the year 1853 an association in Scott county,
Ky., made an importation consisting of 4 bulls and 7 cows. They
were sold at auction, as follows:

BULLS.

Pathfinder, 805, sold to W. B. Webb and R. D. Ford, Scott Co., Ky., $860
Baron Feversham, by Diamond, 416, sold to Estell, Madison

COUNLY, 2 oe cee sce cece ce cee s cee tcn ec es ee ees ese ss esesesesere I,525
Captain Lawson, 310, sold to A. D. Offutt and W. D. Crockett,

SCOLE MCOUMBY ape tesmioreletetslecciehaKerslapetarevelol eteletsioliel: fetlelo shetelluinioveueienatenete 400
Cunningham, 1415 (12671), sold to 5. J. Salyers, Fayette county,.. 865
Cows.

Yorkshire Rose, by General Fairfax (11519), sold to P. L. Cable,
SCOLCOUMEV ergs rstyetenetalersisteneKoierels lsiel creche coeh veiolelelerslosercioneyetoliere . 425

Venus, by Fair Eclipse (11456), sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county,.. 710
Carnation, by Budget, by Bumper (10005), sold to Charles W.
InmesWihayettencoumbys ners lerroretsiateierelsrsieiclois)crele ciel etolereseiseenctetsrelsiete 610
Enterprise, by Fair Eclipse (11450), sold to Jas. C. Lemon, Scott Co. 710
Rosamond, by Sir Charles Napier (10816), sold to Silas Corbin,

IBOLT Cobia e an ga nnGaridondo omen Nobo odab on ondooduadaoGS 575
Cameo, by Arrow (9906), sold to W. Boswell, Bourbon county,.... 450
Casket, by Arrow (9906), sold to W. D. Offutt, Scott county,...... 405

In the year 1853, an association of breeders was formed in Madi-
son county, Ohio, and an agent sent to England who brought out 15
bulls and 9 cows. ‘The selections were of good quality, and they were

MADISON COUNTY, OHIO, IMP'ORTATIONS, 203

sold at London, Ohio, at public auction, 27th September the same
year, a few weeks after their arrival. We were present at the sale;
the stock were in fine condition; a large audience were in attend-
ance, and the bidding spirited. The following is a report:

BULLS.
Thornberry, 1035 (12222), sold to F. W. and H. Renick, Pickaway
BOUMEVAE OMIO aavieecricileore scree dane cewaentloreissica els $875
Sheffielder, 96174, sold to J. W. Robinson, Madison county,....... 1,800
Mario, 68378, sold to Robert Reed, Madison county, Ohio,........ 1,550

Marquis, 687 (11787), sold to James Fullington, Union county,.... 3,000
Starlight, 1003 (12146), sold to Charles Phellis, Madison county,... 3,000
Beauclerc (not recorded), sold to D. M. Creighton, Madison Co.,.. 750
Symmetry, 101g, sold to J. G., W. A. and R. G. Dun, Madison Co., 1,150
Farmer Boy, 2842, sold to Joseph Reyburn, Madison county, ..... 925
Prince Albert, 3284, sold to J. F. Chenoweth, Madison county,.... 300
Colonel, 350, sold to J. G., W. A. and R. G. Dun, Madison county, 1,350
Sportsman (not recorded), sold to James Foster, Madison county,.. 700

Prince Edward, 864, sold to M. B. Wright, Fayette county, ....... 475
Rocket, 921%, sold to David Watson, Union county,............ 425
Splendor, 997%, sold to F. A. Yocum, Madison county,.... ..... 500
Duke of Liverpool (not recorded), sold to George G. McDonald,
WVIAC OMG OUND eeetors ten eVebaicbetel <ichsicr cionchcrerelcrecisvapei ct tel akestioe oreo tree 555
Average, $1,157 each. $17,355
Cows.
Victoria,* sold to J. Q. Winchell, Madison county,............... $600
Picotee,* sold to Jesse Watson, Madison county, ....... ........ 1,275
Stapleton Lass,* sold to Jesse Watson, Madison county,......... 1,350
Princess, by Belted Will (6780), and calf, sold to William Watson,
TATE COUN LY, aj ofes ctoie) sieierole el sioreks(o. sere <ieyenslote) sfovelereyeioraiereiaveveret ieee 690

Miss Hilton, by Headland, sold to David Watson, Union county, 875
Alexandrina, by Magistrate (10487), sold to D. Watson, Union Co., 560
Blossom, by Teeswater Lad, a son of Lord Barmpton (11708),

Sold to, Wavid Watson, Unions county os ceierrveliiereeisine «ols ole 650
Yorkshire Dairy Cow,* sold to Joseph Negley, Clark county, ..... 25
Monsoon,* sold to Joseph Reyburn, Madison county,............ 295

Average, $747 each. $6,720

In the year 1853, Dr. A. C. Stevenson, of Green Castle, Indiana,
imported from England two bulls: Prince of Wales, 876, and Fancy
Boy, 492; and four cows: Strawberry 5th, by Deliverance (11347);
Bloom and Violet, by Master Bellville (11795); and Miss Welbourn
(Vol. 2, p. 485, A. H. B.), by St. John. These animals and many of
their descendants are recorded in the several volumes of the Ameri-
can Herd Book.

* The pedigrees of these cows did not come out with them.—L. F. A.

204. HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

About the year 1853 or ’54, the late Thomas Richardson, an Irish
merchant in New York city, imported several good Short-horns, with
various other stock, among which were the bull Duke of Cambridge,
1469 (12746), and cows Bijou, by Crown Prince (10087); Fanella, by
Baron Warlaby (7813); Fanny Warlaby, by Baron Warlaby (7813);
Harmony, by Crown Prince (10087); Laura, by Hector (13002);
Rachel, by Hopewell (10332), and perhaps some others, which he
kept on his farm at Westchester. Several of them were recorded in
the American Herd Book. Mr. Richardson was a spirited and liberal
breeder. His herd was sold a short time previous to his death, which
occurred a few years after making his importation.

In the year 1854, the Society of Shakers, Pleasant Hill, Ky., im-
ported the bull Duke of Cambridge, 447. They had previously, in
1840, in connection with the great statesman, Henry Clay, bought for
$1,000, the bull Orozimbo, 786, imported by Mr. Shepherd, of Vir-
ginia, in the year 1834. This bull the Shakers bred in their extensive
herd. In 1840 they also bought 8 cows, imported by Mr. Gambel,
at New Orleans, La. Among them were Daisy, by Barnaby (1678),
and Splendor, by Symmetry (2723). The names of the six other
cows are not given.

In 1854, Messrs. Wilson and Searight, imported from Ireland into
Ohio, the bull Lord Eglinton, 1795; Deceiver, 401 (11340), and pos-
sibly another or two bulls, together with some cows, among which
were White Rose, by Sir Robert Peel (9658); Laura, by Lord Clar-
endon (10434); Lady Gage, by Deceiver (11340), and some others.

In the year 1854, the Society of Shakers, at Union Village, Warren
county, Ohio, imported, chiefly from the herd of James Douglass, of
Scotland, 12 Short-horns—6 bulls (including Duke of Cambridge,
447, before mentioned, belonging to the Shakers at Pleasant Hill)
and 6 cows. ‘Their names are as follows:

Buius.—Duke of Southwick, 450; Crusader, 387; Morning Star,
725; Hearts of Oak, 1646; Economist, 2809.

Cows.—Blanche, by Twin (10981); Violante, by Trumpeter (10978);
Margaret, by Fitz Adolphus Fairfax (9124); Farewell, by Prince
Charlie, 862; Beatrice; Lady Blanche, by Matadore (11800).

The same Society also imported in 1855 :

BuLi.—Captain Balco, 1316 (12546).

Cows.—Scottish Belle Center, by Kossuth (11646); Bellview, by
Capt. Balco (12546); Florentia, by Trory (13901).

Also in 1856:

BuLis.—King of Trumps, 1739; Hawthorn Hero, 1644%.

CLINTON COUNTY, OHIO, IMPORTATIONS. 205

Cows.—Hawthorn Blossom, by Hudibras (10339); Flora MclIvor,
by New Year’s Gift (10564); Eva, by Prince Ernest (10644); Pre-
serve, by Orphan Boy (11878); Duchess, by Captain Balco, 1316;
Heroine, by Capt. Balco, 1316; April Morn, by Capt. Balco, 1316.

These animals were of excellent quality, and the importations
since 1854, as those of that year, were chiefly from the herd of
Mr. Douglass. No public sale was made of these cattle—most of
them being adopted into the extensive herd of the Shakers, and there
bred.

In the year 1854 an association was formed in Clinton county, Ohio.
Their agents, Mr. H. H. Hankins and another, proceeded to England
to make a selection and bring out the cattle. The stock, consisting
of 1o bulls and 18 cows and heifers, safely arrived, and were sold
by public auction at Wilmington, Clinton county, on the gth August,
as follows:

BULLS.
ae cost. | ; e
NAME. ee PURCHASERS. RESIDENCE. DOLLS
Warrior, 1076, 120 | B. Hinkson, H. H. Han-
kins and others, Clinton county, O. |$1200
Whittington 2d, 2385, 80 | Solomon Brock, Fayette county, O. | goo
The Marquis, 1031, 4° | William Bentley, Clinton county, O. | 625
Wellington, 1087, 180 | J. G. Coulter, H. H. Han-
kins and others, Clinton county, O. | 3700
Alfred, 205, 80 | D.S. King, Clinton county, O. | goo
Duke of Cornwall, by Albert (8816) 60 | David Quinn, Clinton county, O. 700
Billy Harrison, 263, 125 | Jesse Starbuck, Clinton county, O. | 1500
Moonraker, 3175 (eouche with his
dam Sunbeam), Thomas Connor, Fayette county, O. 400
Lord Raine 2d, 665 (calved on pas-
sage), Daniel Earley, Clinton county, O. | 195
Young Sir Robert, 1161 (calved on
passage), Thomas McMillen, Clinton county, O. | 250
COWS.
NAME. GUIN. PURCHASERS. RESIDENCE, DOLLS
Duchess, by Norfolk (9442), 155 | M. B. Wright and William
Palmer, Fayette county, O. |$1675
Emma, by Promoter (10658), too | Thomas Kirk, Fayette county, O. | 750
Hope, by Duke of York (6947), 50 | William Palmer, Fayette county, O. | 1000
Miss Shaftoe, by Captain Shaftoe
(6833), 100 | Jesse Starbuck, Clinton county, O. | 650
Familiar, by Fitz Leonard (7010), 60 | Jesse Pancake, Ross county, O. 500
Sunbeam, by Twilight (9758), and
calf Moonraker, 80 | J.G.Coulter (without calf),| Clinton county, O. | 450
Young Emma, by Sailor (9592), 60 | H. H. Hankins and G.C.
Palmer. Clinton county, O. | 450
Miss Walton 2d, by Chilton (10054),|_ 25 | John Hadley, Clinton county, O. | 325
Princess, by Lord Newton ( 3% 40 | Hadley and Hawkins, Clinton county, O. | 1060
Moonbeam, by Oxygen (9464), 40 | Henry Kirk, Fayette county, O. | 500
Lady Jane, by Whittington (12299),|_ 50 | David Watson, Madison county, O.} 500
Lady Whittington, by Whittington
(12299), 50 | William Reed, Clinton county, O. 300
Strawberry, by Wiseman (12317), 50 | James Fullington, Union county, O. 675
Louisa, by Crusader (10088), bought
with dam, Miss Shaftoe, James R. Mills, Clinton county, O. | 300
Be amine, by Y. Chilton (11278), 25 | J. O’B. Renick, Franklin county, O.| 475
ictoria (pedigree not obtained), 35 . Persinger, Fayette county, O. | 1000

Queen (calf of Victoria), by The
Marquis, 1031, oo. Lavy. Fayette county, O. | 425

206 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

In the same year—1854—an association was formed in Clark
county, Ohio, and an importation made under the agency of the
late Dr. Arthur Watts, of Chillicothe, and Mr. Alexander Waddle, of
South Charleston, who proceeded to England and bought g bulls and
20 cows and heifers. A public sale was made of the stock on the
6th day of September of that year, which we transcribe from their
catalogue:

BULLS.

Buckingham 2d, 297, sold to Wm. D. Pierce, Clark county, Ohio, $1,000
The Duke, 1029, sold to W. C. Davis, Montgomery county, O.,... 625
New Year’s Day, 746, sold to C. M. Clark & Co., Clark county, O., 3,500

Czax3o5.isolditorAvalia baice, Clark coumby, Os arteyercise resell ciclerelele 1,900
Medalist, 697, sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, O.,............. 2,100
Lord Stanwick, 668, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, O.,..... 500
Rodolph, 923, sold to W. C. Davis, Montgomery county, O.,...... 200
Lord of the Isles, 3090, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, O.,.. 575
Shylock, 965, sold to John Hadley, Clinton county, O.,........... 300
Cows. ’
Aylesby Lady, by Baron Warlaby (7813), sold to A. J. Paige, Clark
COUMEY OMG raceieroncte cre ely odersteduetete vole telotatel ote Reratet shaves siccoteredeiawateners 1,425
Roman 13th, by Will Honeycomb (5666), sold to Jacob Pierce,
@larkvcounty OR iy vice cycveistee rere crtencl teaeel ro kepelerersicne ier orretsions 1,300

Zealous, by St. Albans (7462), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O., 1,000
Dahlia, by Upstart (7960), sold to A. J. Paige, Clark county, O.,.. 1,100
Nectar, by North Star (9447), sold to James Davis,........... Ror 600
Lavender, by St. Albans (7462), sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, O., 500
Lancaster 17th, by Prince Royal (7371), sold to William D. Pierce,

Clarkycoumtyi OR ra erctersite sre cccietersreie eceeneicieretetaits. cevotsrer ae ietals goo
Roan Lady, by St. Albans (7462), sold to William D. Pierce, Clark

COUT EY; OM aes Saisie ava ses eavarera otto eve invel a ele tac eitors ae elarebeerataillepaleniie peer I,000
Lancaster rgth, by St. Albans (7462), sold to L. B. Sprague, Clark

County, OMe vere sicisiaevetenel « Pore yen ana ee Re a IC ee ay ana a
Venus, by Lord Byron (11710), sold to Wm. D. Pierce, Clark Co.,O., 1,075
Zenobia, by Crusade (7938), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O.,.. 625
Nell 2d, by Monarch ( soldgtowAmed olan dicen ercteerma ieee
Butterfly 13th, by Monarch ( ) sold towHiestick wey, actidea- nas 290
Blushing Beauty, by Crown Prince (10087), sold to Alex. Waddle,

@lark icounty; Oey Mage iicrnor titer emctenevonseteolerse crcioreeeerrouepeaey ete 425
Rose of Panton, by Leonidas (10414), sold to A. Toland,......... 375

Zephyr, by Beaufort (9943), sold to L. B. Sprague, Clark Co.,O., 400
Easter Day, by Lord Marquis (10459), sold to C. M. Clark, Clark

Corbin Ow gouging sen omEboo OO Old UGOU Mon adocmCion bobo ouKeOS 1,125
Blush 17th, by Baron Warlaby (7813), sold to G. Green, Blooming-
COTS aN yaritiie tallies ojeptatiatronc io etiotenedeoe tio tonays: sueisvela: «Pope claletereusmemaet nays 470

Rosy, by Royal Buck (10750), sold to G. Green, Bloomington, IIL, 400
Silk, by Hopewell, sold to Charles Phellis, Madison county, O.,... 205

PGi ON COet IN Veo LMVP'O Ryn ATL ONS. 207

Much valuable stock has since sprung from these animals.

In 1854 the Kentucky Importing Company imported from England
and placed on the farm of Mr. Charles W. Innes, near Lexington,
and in October of that year sold the following Short-horns:

BULLS.
Emigrant, 472, sold to Silas Corbin, Bourbon county, Ky.,........ $ 205
Sirius, 4371 (13737), sold to R. A. Alexander, Woodford county, Ky., 3,500
Macgregor, 675, sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county, and C. W. Innes,

IPEVQIS COMES ISG he a soap omanconor ose soon ungooadocc ofcor 600
Earl De Grey, 2801, sold to W. C. Goodloe,...........-.......-- 250
Oakum, 763, sold to Bagg, Finley and Rosele, Scott county, Ky.,..

Capt. Stouffer, 311, sold to J. McMeekin, Scott county, Ky.,...... 167
Cows.
Irene, by Sheldon (8557), sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county, Ky.,.... 520

Amazon, by Newmarket (10563), sold to H. Clay, Bourbon Co., Ky., 225
Bessy Howard, by Fitz Walter (10232), sold to R. A. Alexander,

\ GPE rE. GOTitag TG. 6 oon coo Son oe Cag DUe coco OOnNaaan oo e 650
Lizzy, by Marquis of Carrabas (11789), sold to R. A. Alexander,

Meadsorducausbys | Kaye oie oie lireleterelerieiateeia ciaislelal~ «> eeleie ial #1 600
Pine Apple, by Lord Morpeth (13205), sold to W. F. Jones, ...... 510

Ruby, by Gen. Fairfax (11519), sold to R. A. Gano, Bourbon Co., = 215
Commerce, by Concord (11302), sold to J. McMeekin, Scott Co., Ky., 415
Peeress, by Treasurer (13899), sold to Gainesia. cee nn ae 275
Winny, by Crusade (7938), sold to Albert Allen, Fayette Co., Ky., 300

Mary, by Sweet William (9701), sold to W. Simms,............-- 240
Welcome, by Beaufort (9943), sold to J. McMeekin, Scott Co., Ky., 505
Shepherdess, by Bridegroom (11203), sold to R. Innes, Fayette Co., 505
Matilda, by Villiers (13959), sold to S. Corbin, Bourbon Co., Ky., 205
Downhorn, by Liberator (7140), sold to J. McClelland,........... 405

In the same year, a number of wealthy farmers and cattle breeders
of the Genesee valley, N. Y., known as “The Livingston County
Stock Association,” through their agents, Messrs. David Brooks and
S. L. Fuller, purchased in England 24 well-selected Short-horns.
They were shipped for America, but during a stormy passage 12 of
them were lost, and only one-half the original number arrived at
their destination. Among the surviving animals were the bulls Blet-
soe, 2548, purchased by Sackett, Barber & Co., and Usurper, 3522,
owned by the late Judge Carroll, of Groveland. Also the cows
Australia, by Lord Foppington (10437); Hopeless, by Horatio (10335);
Lady Ellington, by Broughton Hero (6811); and Music, by Balco
(9918). These four cows became the property of the late General
James S. Wadsworth, of Geneseo. Also Pheenix 2d, by Horatio
(10335), which was owned by J. H. Bennett, of Avon.

208 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Shortly after this importation came out to the same parties the bull
Governor, 2922, owned by Messrs. Brooks, Bennett & Co., and two
cows, the names of which are not now recollected. Like some other
importers, these parties were negligent in keeping records of the
names of their animals, or pedigrees. We have been unable to
obtain further particulars of these importations. Many of their pro-
duce are recorded in the American Herd Book.

In the year 1856, an importation of Short-horns was made by the
‘““Mason and Bracken Counties Importing Company” into Kentucky,
of 4 bulls and 12 cows. They were kept and bred by the importers,
and sold near Germantown, Ky., on the rst October, 1859; the herd
then consisted of the original importations and their increase, 12 bulls
and 17 cows and heifers. ‘The imported ones were:

BuLis.—Vatican (12260) (bred by Earl Ducie), by Usurer (9763) ;
Blandimar (bred by Sir Charles Knightly), by Earl of Dublin (16178);
Emperor Napoleon (bred by Mr. Fawkes), by Bridegroom (11203);
and Grisset (bred by Mr. Christy), by Duke of Beauford (11377).

Cows.—Julia, by Young Grant; Duenna, by Duke of Cambridge
(12742); Light of the Harem, by Nabob (11834); Granny Light, by
Bridegroom (11203); Alice, by Harbinger (10297); Diana, by Bren- ~
nus (8902); Lady Laura, by Grand Duke (12973); High Bank, by
Horatio (10335); Hasty, by Horatio (10335); Violet, by Duke of
Beauford (11377); Jennie Deans, by Duke of Beauford (11377);
Lady Bariscourt, by Jasper (11069).

Several of these animals were selected from choice herds in pine:
land and Ireland, and they were, no doubt, valuable cattle. The
catalogue from which the above list is taken gives no names of the
purchasers, nor prices at which the cattle or their produce were sold.
We have made inquiries at the proper quarter for particulars, but
have not been able to obtain them. Few of their descendants have
found their way into the Herd Books, and we infer that the calamitous
financial times during which the sale was made, swallowed many of
them in the common ruin, or run them into the shambles of the
butcher.

In the year 1857, a number of substantial farmers and stock breed-
ers in the central part of Illinois came together and formed “The
Illinois Importing Association.” The late Capt. James N. Brown,
who, in 1833, had removed from Kentucky into Sangamon county,
Ill., brought with him the first established herd of Short-horns known
in the State of his adoption. He had bred them assiduously and
successfully but recognizing the advantage of an infusion of more

ILLINOIS IMPORTING ASSOCIATION. 209

popular blood, he induced several others to join him in the enterprise
of obtaining it. Himself, together with Messrs. H. C. Johns and
Henry Jacoby went abroad as agents, and purchased 1o bulls and 21
cows and heifers, well selected from standard herds in England, Ire-
land and Scotland. Of these, three bulls and one heifer died on their
passage. The remainder, twenty-seven in number, safely arrived in
Illinois. They were sold by auction at Springfield, August 27, 1857,
as follows:
BULLS.

Defender, 2704 (12687), sold to A. G. Carle, Champaign Co., Ill... $2,500
King Alfred, 3053, sold to Brown, Jacoby & Co., Sangamon Co.,.. 1,300

Admiral, 2473, sold to S. Dunlap & Co., Sangamon county,....... 2,500

Master Lownds, 3140%, sold to J. H. Spears, Menard county,..... 725

Argus, 2502, sold to George Barnet, Will county,................ 2,058

Doubloon, 3833%, sold to Wash. Iles, Sangamon county, ......... I,075

Goldfinder, 2920%, sold to J. C. Bone, Sangamon county,......... 725
Cows.

Bella, by California (10017), sold to J. Ogle, St. Clair county,...... $750

Caroline, by Arrow (9906), sold to J. M. Hill, Morgan county, .... 500
Stella, by Snowstorm (12119), sold to Mr. Bohnman, St. Clair Co., 925
Lady Harriet, by Procurator (10657), sold to J. H. Jacoby, Sanga-

DUO COMILUY ele lcholalclaj tel oiedclelcisialoie'sl-) eje/ele)leil als) *!=i2).«)«/6) ole /e\e|ei «/-¥siels 1,300
Cassandra 2d, by Master Charlie (13312), sold to H. Ormsby, San-
PATON QU Zon cco owas do dob Heo de Hp cco oodD ane eeu oUOCOOS 675
Western Lady, by Grand Turk, 2935 (12969), sold to J. N. Brown,
SORTA COUNTS eco cob acoooopadncodco DU CoO OUODaCbuOOUb GS 1,325
Empress Eugenie, by Bridegroom (11203), sold to J. Ogle, St. Clair
RIN oh Bones taceoon moe bbe5 000 co on doso.do Go be ncodoooUdd 675
Pomegranate, by Master Charlie (13312), sold to T. Simpkins, Pike
COTTIGY Kelme) wieialesaivia's <clcleles oes «ieee s\e/0), w.ele\sieele\* cin =) ivjeheis'e © 975
Lily, by Snowstorm (12119), sold to George Barnet, Will Co.,..... 550
Constance, by Snowstorm (12119), sold to George Barnett, Will Co., 700
Empress, by Tortworth Duke (13892), sold to Henry Jacoby, San-
GYAMON COUNLY,. 2.0. eee eee ecw ec eee cere cece cece ccecceane 1,725
Rachel 2d, by Duke of Bolton (12738), sold to J. N. Brown, San-
PATTON GMM PSs ccc ce dto copepod apna odeHsooceSuOcs oD CONCE 3,025

Minx, by Lord Spencer (13251), sold to J. G. Loose, Sangamon Co., — 800
Adelaide, by Matadore (11800), sold to R. Morrison, Morgan Co., 825
Emerald, by Hopewell (10332), sold to J. C. Bone, Sangamon Co., 2,125
Perfection, by The Baron (13833), sold to E. B. Holt, Scott Co.,.. goo
Coquette, by Economist (11425), sold to George Barnet, Will Co., 550
Fama, by 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), sold to J. H. Spears & Co.,

Nigiri maniny ob pose peoonoocs oo adcoesoros ousted: capeosoee 1,050
Coronation, by Cheltenham (12588), sold to J. A. Pickrell, Madison
COUNEY,.. cece ccc cece ens ccc ccc cece sce css cc esesercsees 500

Violet, by Young Scotland (13681), sold to J. H. Judy, Menard Co., 700
13

210 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

From these animals, in most instances, have since been bred a
numerous progeny.

The result of this sale, confined (as may be supposed from the
extent of the prices obtained) chiefly to those who had contributed
to the funds of the association, testified that the Short-horn spirit
was yet buoyant, and in the course of successful continuance.

Just after the close of this transaction came down upon the country
the great commercial revulsion of 1857, long memorable in the finan-
cial annals of our history. ‘This crisis was severe upon the agricul-
tural interests, as well as the commercial and manufacturing industries
of the country, and the values of Short-horn cattle, in common with
other commodities, suffered. For a time their sales were dull, and
prices, as in 1842, and years afterwards, with some few and noted
exceptions, became almost nominal.

In 1861 followed our unfortunate civil war, revolutionizing not
only the political and financial policy of many States in our hitherto
united country, but temporarily depressing values of all industrial
products. As the war grew wilder and more desperate, although all
commodities of necessary consumption rose rapidly under an infla-
ted currency, and the restricted labor of the farms consequent on
the call of soldiers to the field, an interregnum in the product and
sales of Short-horns was widely and disastrously felt among their
breeders. In the Northern States they were undisturbed by invading
armies; but prudent and considerate men, usually ready for success-
ful enterprises, as purchasers, with the exception of a few spirited
breeders of the more fashionable strains of blood, let the Short-horns,
as well as other improved breeding animals, severely alone. The
Kentuckians, in whose hitherto favored State the Short-horns, early
established, had long flourished in their fullness of pride and excel-
lence, as it became ravaged by conflicting troops on either side,
hid their cattle away from their spoilers, or drove them into adjoining
Northern States, where they could remain secure from danger. All
was uncertainty, so far as related to the values of their cherished
herds; and thus for four years of civil war, matters remained in
doubtful anticipation.

Yet the consumption and disorganization of the war had created
a fearful void in meat-producing animals throughout the country,
North and South alike, and on the return of peace and a more settled
order of things, the Short-horn breeders deliberately cast about and
ascertained that their hitherto cherished herds had suffered but little
diminution of numbers beyond what their productive increase had

SHORT-HORN IMPORTATIONS. PACA

made good, and that previous values had now returned with a new
demand and widely extended market for their animals. So stood the
Short-horn animals of our country at the close of the year 1865.

After the civil war was ended a few importations were again made
by some of our enterprising breeders. Mr. James O. Sheldon, of
Geneva, N. Y., previously mentioned, in the year 1859, imported the
bull Grand Duke of Oxford, 3988 (16184), and the cow Miss Butter-
fly, by Master Butterfly (14918), both of which he bred in his herd.
He had previously become possessed of several animals from the fine
herd of Mr. Thorne, and to them had added extensive purchases
from the herd of Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky, and soon afterwards
of the entire herd of Mr. Thorne. In the year 1868 or ’69, he im-
ported eight heifers, selected from some of the best herds in England.
The pedigrees are recorded in the later volumes of the American
Herd Book, and several of them afterwards passed, at the final sale
of his herd, into the hands of Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, New
York Mills, Oneida county, N. Y.

Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, who had a few years previous be-
come possessed of many good animals, and in 1870 purchased the
large herd of Mr. Sheldon, some 70 or 80 in number, about the same
time, or previously, made several valuable importations—bulls and
cows—from Mr. Thomas C. Booth, and other noted English breeders.
They were purchased without regard to prices, so that their qual-
ities were of a high order. One of the cows, Bride of the Vale, was
bred by and purchased of Mr. T. C. Booth, at the price of 1,000
guineas, but on the express condition that she was to be taken to
America, as Mr. Booth would not part with a female of her tribe to
be retained in England. ‘Their importations of several choice selec-
tions were continued until into the year 1871, and are recorded
in Vols. ro and 11, American Herd Book.

In 1871, Mr. Lewis Hampton, and some associates, of Clark county,
Ky., went to England and selected several valuable cows and heifers
from different breeders there, and brought them out as fresh crosses to
their already valuable herds. They were sold at auction a few weeks
after their arrival in Kentucky, mostly among the associates, and their
pedigrees are recorded in Vol. 11, American Herd Book.

In the same year Mr. Edwin G. Bedford, of Bourbon county, Ky.,
also sent out and purchased (through Mr. John Thornton, of Lon-
don) several valuable cows and heifers on his own individual account,
which he adopted into his long established home-bred herd. Their
pedigrees may be found in Vol. 11, American Herd Book.

212 HIS PORY VOW) WyHtE |S EO Rs OFRINIS:

During the same year, Capt. Pratt, of the ship Hudson, trading
between New York and London, brought out in June four fine heifers.
In November, afterwards, he again brought out two bulls and six
heifers, from the herd of Mr. Torr, and Messrs. Dudding, of Lincoln-
shire, all superior animals, which were placed on the farm of Mr. L. F.
Allen, near Buffalo, N. Y., and all—together with two bull calves,
dropped since their arrival from England—afterwards sold, by Messrs.
A. B. Allen & Co., to Mr. J. H. Pickrell, Harristown, Il. Their pedi-
grees are recorded in Vol. 11, American Herd Book.

There may have been a few other Short-horns imported into the
United States in the year 1871, but if so we have no immediate
account of them.

IMPORTATIONS OF SHORT-HORNS INTO CANADA.

We would gladly narrate a full and particular history of the Can-
ada Short-horns, their introduction and progress, as has been done
with those of the United States, had we the material at hand. But
with all our efforts to obtain them our notes are scant. We give such
memoranda as we have.

In the year 1833, Mr. Rowland Wingfield, living in the vicinity of
Toronto, Canada West (now Ontario), imported from England the
bulls Reformer, 898, and Young Farmer, 62, also cows Favorite, by
Warden (1563); Favorite 2d, by Henwood (2114); Pedigree, by
Mynheer (2345); Countess, by Warwick (2815); and Lily, by War-
den (1563). Their produce are now in several herds.

The succeeding year The Home District Agricultural Society im-
ported four thorough-bred bulls—names not ascertained—and spread
them in various directions. They were chiefly bred to common cows,
as we find no pure Short-horn produce resulting from them.

About the year, 1836, the late Mr. Adam Ferguson imported into
the vicinity of Hamilton, C. W., the bull Agricola (1614)—afterwards
called Sir Walter by Mr. Ferguson—and cows Cherry, by Dunstan
Castle; and Beauty, by Snowball (2674). They were successfully
bred by Mr. Ferguson, and their produce are now found in many
herds.

In or about the same year of Mr. Ferguson’s importation, Messrs.
George and John Simpson imported from Yorkshire, England, and
brought with them to New Market, C. W., from the herd of Mr.

Parrington, Stockton-on-Tees, several good Short-horns, which they
bred for some years. ‘The results of their breeding we have not been
able to accurately ascertain.

CANADIAN IMPORTATIONS. 213

During several years afterwards various other importations were
made, both into Lower and Upper Canada, of which we have been
unable to gather either dates of the importations, or names of ani-
mals brought out. Among these William and George Miller, of
Markham, about the year 1850, and in several years since, imported
a number of valuable animals—chiefly from Scotland—but as we
have had no catalogue, nor full records of their pedigrees, no partic-
ular accounts can be given of them.

In the year 1855, Mr. Frederick Wm. Stone, cf Guelph, began a
series of importations from several noted English herds, which he
has continued through intervening years down to nearly the present
time.

In 1859 or ’60, Mr. N. J. McGillivray, of Williamstown, Glengarry
county, C. W., imported a bull and four cows from the herds of Mr.
Cruikshank, of Sittyton, and others, in Scotland.

Mr. David Christie, of Brantford, commenced his importations in
the year 1864, of several fine Short-horns, chiefly from the herd of
Mr. Douglass, of Athelstaneford, Scotland, which he placed with a
thorough-bred herd established by him some years earlier. He has
since added to his importations, all, or nearly all of which have been
recorded in the later volumes of the American Herd Book.

Other parties, comprising the names of Mr. Armstrong, of Mark-
ham; Mr. Mairs, of Vespra; Messrs. Wade, of Cobourg; Mr. Mul-
lock, of Waterdown; Mr. Ashton, of Galt; Mr. Ashworth, of Ottawa;
Mr. Place, of Beachville; Mr. Petty, of Huron; Dr. Phillips, of
Prescott; Mr. John Thomson, of Whitney; Mr. Roddick, of Cobourg,
The Quebec Agricultural Society, and probably some others in dif-
ferent localities have made importations. Added to the above names
occur John Miller, of Brougham; William Miller, Jr., of Pickering;
Simon Beattie, of Markham, and Richard Gibson, who have made
valuable importations within a few years past.

But the most striking series of importations, either in number or
value, ever made into Canada, were by Mr. Mark H. Cochrane, an
extensive manufacturer and merchant, of Montreal, and placed on
his large farm of Hillhurst, at Compton, Province of Quebec, begin-
ning in 1867, and continued until and into the early part of the
present year, 1872.

In 1867 he shipped from Glasgow, Scotland, his first importation
of two animals: the cow Rosedale, by Velasco (15443), and the bull
Baron Booth of Lancaster, 7535, American Herd Book.

214 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

In August, 1868, he shipped from Liverpool, Eng., seven cows and
heifers, and one bull, Robert Napier, 8975, A. H. B.

In June, 1869, he shipped from Glasgow four cows and heifers.

In August following he shipped from Glasgow five cows and heifers,
and two bulls.

On August 2d, 1870, he shipped from Liverpool thirty-five cows and
heifers, and four bulls; on August 7th, following, he shipped also
from Liverpool five cows and two bulls.

In the months of August and October, 1870, he also shipped from
Liverpool seven cows and heifers, and three bulls.

In July, 1871, he shipped from Liverpool twenty cows and heifers,
and four bulls.

In March, 1872, he also had shipped from Liverpool three cows
and heifers, making in all the shipments of the last six years eighty-
seven well-bred Short-horns.

Of the whole number a few died, or were killed by accident on
their passages; the remainder all arrived safely onto Mr. Cochrane’s
farm at Compton. ‘The animals were selected by Mr. Cochrane him-
self, for which he made several voyages across the Atlantic, or with
the assistance of Mr. Simon Beattie, of Canada, and Mr. John Thorn-
ton, the noted stock auctioneer, of London. No importation of
Short-horns ever made by an American have equaled in cost, the
stock brought out by Mr. Cochrane. Among them were two Bates
Duchess heifers, at the price cost of 2,500 guineas, or upwards of
$6,250 each. A considerable number of them were either pure
Booth, or containing several crosses of the blood of the Booth tribes;
several others were deep in various tribes of Bates blood. ‘The ped-
igrees of all, or nearly all these animals, and their produce since their
importation have been recorded in the later volumes of the American
Herd Book, where they can be readily found. Many of them were
sold soon after their arrival, and brought into the United States;
others have been sold, and still remain in Canada, in the hands of
different owners, while a still larger number remain in the home herd
of Mr. Cochrane.

Thus concludes our history of the Short-horns, both in England,
until a modern period, and in America down to the present time; but
as some other important matters connected with them are worthy of
notice, we shall occupy a few further pages in their consideration.

THE SHORT-HORNS AS MILKERS. 215

THE SHORT-HORNS AS MILKERS.

Our history has fully shown that from the earliest period the Short-
horn cows, as a rule, were large milkers, and when cultivated with a
view to dairy purposes no animals of any breed excelled, and few if
any equaled them. When milk has been the main object in their
keeping, no cows have made larger yields according to the consump-
tion of food than they.

Even in our own time we have frequent records of cows, in the
height of the grass season, giving 24 to 36, and even 4o quarts per
day. Numerous notes of the kind may be found attached to the
pedigrees of cows in the several volumes of the American Herd Book,
and the yields of butter have been correspondingly large. It is not
necessary to quote these items, as every one acquainted with the race
will call to mind more or less of them. It is true, as a rule, that the
cow which is a profuse milker must be comparatively lean in flesh,
which detracts from her appearance when by the side of one other-
wise equally good, or perhaps inferior in quality, which gives little
milk, and runs more to flesh. Yet the large milker, when dried off
and fed, may present as fine a form and development as another
which never gave more milk than would nurse a calf for five or six
months after birth, even in cases where the feeding is equal in quality.
It may be added that the heavy milker requires more feed during her
dairy season than the other, while the latter carries a heavy carcass
of flesh; but the additional food is more than compensated in the
milk or butter she yields.

In the wide beef-producing districts of our country where milk is of
little object beyond that of nursing a calf to the proper age of wean-
ing, the milking faculty of the Short-horn cow has been partially
bred out, but it is capable of being restored’ in a few generations by
the application of bulls descended from herds where the dairy quality
has been preserved. Indeed we have seen wonderful milkers occa-
sionally strike out in herds where the cows were only nominal in their
yields, abundantly testifying that the dairy quality is inherent in their
organization. As thorough-bred cows, from their much higher value
for breeding purposes than for dairy use, are likely for many years to
be devoted solely to breeding, it is not at all probable, unless for the
production of bulls to beget grade dairy cows, that they will be reared
with much regard to their lacteal qualities, unless in certain sections
of the country where milk, as a matter of necessity, is the chief
object. In this view, we have no suggestions to make other than that

216 HIST ORY.°OR! DHE SH ORD HORNS:

each party choosing the Short-horns for his stock, should exercise
his own judgment in their selection, whether they be greater or lesser
milk producers. It is sufficient to say that the Short-horns may be
the maximum or the minimum of milkers, as the parties needing
them may determine.

AS A FLESH-PRODUCING ANIMAL.

Nothing of the bovine race ever has, or probably ever can, equal
the Short-horns in early maturity, rapid accumulation of flesh, full-
ness and ripeness of points, according to the amount of food they
consume, and assimilating that food to its most profitable use. A
century of experience in Britain and half a century of experience in
America, with a rapidly growing confidence in their flesh-taking
capacity have placed the Short-horns in the foremost rank of all
neat cattle. It must be a newly-discovered animal that will supercede
the Short-horn wherever abundant forage and rich pasturage are
found. With cows of the common, or of inferior breeds, on be-
coming aged, and their profitable use for the dairy passed, they are,
comparatively, almost useless for feeding into a profitable carcass of
flesh from the disproportionate amount of forage they consume and
the light yields of meat they make. It is not so with the Short-horn.
Her broad, well-proportioned anatomy, with sufficient food, takes
flesh rapidly, and within a period that would enable the inferior one
to reach only a preparatory, or thriving condition, the Short-horn will
be fed off and fit for the shambles. ‘Thus, when the native or com-
mon cow is done with for the dairy, and becomes comparatively
worthless, the other yields a profitable carcass of beef, hide and tal-
low, as if in her prime of age and usefulness.

!

VITALITY, LONGEVITY, AND FERTILITY.

No cattle, of whatever race or breed, have exhibited more of the
above named qualities than the Short-horns. We might mention
scores of bulls by name which have proved useful to extreme ages,
both in England and America.

Among the English bulls, one of the earliest and most celebrated
of the Herd Book animals, Hubback (319), begat calves after he was
ten years old. Favorite (252) begat calves at thirteen years. He
was ten years old when he sired the celebrated Comet (155). Marske
(418) was useful thirteen years, and died at the age of fifteen. And

Viti orb, GONGEVIEY, AND BERDIVITY. 217

so with many other English bulls, who were the sires of as good
stock in their later as in their earlier years. Among the American
bulls Washington (1566), bred by Mr. Champion, in England, im-
ported and owned by Gen. Van Rensselaer, at Albany, N. Y., died
at nineteen years old, and held his virility to within a year of his
death. Oliver (2387), bred by Col. Powel, of Philadelphia, Pa., and
owned in Kentucky, got calves at seventeen years old. Old Splendor,
767, A. H. B., bred by Mr. Weddle, in Western New York, got calves
after sixteen, and died when seventeen years old. Renick, 903,
A. H. B., bred by James Renick, in Kentucky, got calves at fourteen
years old, and died soon after, while yet apparently vigorous. Baron
of Oxford, 2525, A. H. B., bred by Mr. Thorne, of Thorndale, N. Y.,
died at fifteen years from the effects of an accident by a fall on slip-
pery ice when in the act of serving a cow—useful to the last.

Among the aged cows may be named “Duchess, by Daisy bull,”
bred by Charles Colling, in England, who, after many years of suc-
cessful breeding, made an excellent carcass of beef at seventeen
years. Many other cows of English breeding attained the age of
fifteen to upwards of twenty years. Among the American cows, one
belonging to Mr. John G. Dun, of London,. Ohio, the name not
recollected, had a calf, at seventeen years. Imported Young Mary,
by Jupiter (2170), owned in Kentucky, bred fourteen heifer calves—
and one bull—and died at twenty-one years. ‘This is the most remark-
able instance of heifer breeding within our knowledge, and more
Herd Book pedigrees run into Young Mary than any other half
dozen cows of record. Mr. Dun’s cow Florida, by Comet, 356
(1854), brought her last calf at eighteen years, and nursed and reared
it. The Kentucky cow, Catherine Turley, by Goldfinder (2066),
lived until eighteen years old; she was then fed off for the butcher,
and when slaughtered was found to be in calf. A well-bred cow of
the Union Village Shakers, Warren county, Ohio, brought a living
heifer calf after she was twenty-one years old. But it is useless to
multiply instances of great longevity. We have related these from
many others which might be named, had we opportunity to look them
up and record them.

All the Short-horns need is a sufficiency of proper food—not forc-
ing—and sensible treatment in the way of shelter and care to prove
them the equals, if not superiors, in fertility and longevity, of any
others of the bovine race.

218 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

THE CoLors OF SHORT-HORN NOSES.

In the earlier history of them we find that cloudy, smoky, or even
black noses in the Short-horns were frequent, and some of the more
distinguished breeders had more or less of them among their best ani-
mals. But so far as we can discover they were never fashionable;
on the other hand they were objectionable, as a matter of taste, at
least. Yet withal, dark noses were inherent in the race, cropping out,
now and then, in almost every herd, even to the present day, and
only by the most careful weeding out of the dark-nosed young breed-
ing animals as they occurred, have the orange or drab noses become
the rule, and dark the exception.

Some critical people have asserted that a dark nose is indicative
of impure blood; that it came in with the Colling cross of the Gal-
loway cow; others that stealthy crosses of the West Highland, or
other outside cattle introduced it, but no proof exists of either, and
the question may as well at once be yielded that the dark nose is
inherent in the Short-horn race. We do not advocate a dark nose,
either in full, or cloudy, or in streaks, or spots, yet we have seen many
Short-horns with unimpeachable pedigrees, and descended from herds
long distinguished for their superior quality, which had either dark or
cloudy noses. Nor have we ever known that the color of the nose at
all governed the otherwise essential good qualities of the animal;
yet so long as a good bull or cow can be found with an orange, drab,
or brownish nut-colored nose, of equally good quality otherwise, we
would not breed from a dark-nosed one—more from the unpopularity
of the color than any other exceptional bad quality the creature might
possess.

To make our position good in the way of an occasional dark nose
cropping out: We once had a choice Short-horn cow, with a perfect
orange nose, which we bred to a pure Devon bull, with an equally
good nose as the heifer, and the produce was a red roan calf with a
jet black nose, which a well-bred Devon never has. The black nose
of the calf in question came from the Short-horn blood, not the
Devon. A pure Short-horn nose of any shade between a zu¢-brown,
or deep drad, running up to a yellow, may be classed as unexception-
able in that particular. It is so in England. A light /esh-colored
nose is equally objectionable as a dark one, being usually accompa-
nied with a lighter colored skin, and sometimes a delicacy in physical
form or constitution, (although not always so,) beyond those animals

COLORS OF SHORT-HORNS. 219

with noses of a deeper color, either orange, drab, nut-colored, or
cloudy.

For grade breeding, that is, for beef or dairy purposes, (and for the
most progressive purposes of working up toward the pure blood,) a
grade bull should never be used, when a thorough-bred one can be
obtained; provided the bull be otherwise good, if he have a dark
nose it need not be objected to. No matter what the color of the
nose, the cow will milk as well, and the steer feed as profitably as if
that feature in them were the height of perfection.

Bopity CoLors OF SHORT-HORNS.

The legitimate colors of the race, from their earliest history, have
been red, in its different shades, and pure white, either one prevailing
to greater or less extent over the entire body, or spreading in various
proportions of each in distinct patches, or the promiscuous interming-
ling of both into either a light or red roan, as accident might govern,
giving the animal a picturesque and agreeable appearance to the eye
of the spectator. The lighter shades of red are termed “yellow-
red,” which, among the earlier animals, occasionally run into a pale
dun, or drab, mingling with white, as with the deeper reds; but
within the last fifty years the dun or drab hues have mostly disap-
peared and become unfashionable, the full reds of lighter or deeper
shades having the preference. Still, the light dun or drab may occa-
sionally crop out in a calf of perfect pedigree without prejudice to
its blood or lineage.

‘Fifty years ago a preponderance of white, and less of red, was the
usual color, and in many distinguished animals pure white was equally
acceptable as red, red and white, or roan, with the best breeders. In
fact, we cannot discover that so late as twenty years ago objection,
was made to a good animal solely on account of color, either red, in
any of its different shades, or their intermixtures with white, or the
pure white itself. It has been so in England from the earliest days
down to the present time. Any shade, in fact, from the deepest to the
lightest in the reds, to pure white, and their mixtures, are /egitimate
Short-horn colors, and any choice in preference to more or less of
these prevailing in the animal, is simply a matter of taste with the
breeder or owner.

There has, of late years, however, grown up in the United States a
Fashion in colors, red being the choice, and deep red the prevailing
choice. This fashion, we believe, has been mainly induced by the

220 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

increasing popularity of the “Bates” blood, they having more of it
than almost any other distinct family tribe; for we do not recognize
it as predominating in any other tribes belonging to the different
English, Scotch, or Irish breeders. ‘Thirty years ago we seldom saw
a purely red Short-horn, and not many where the red much overrun
the white. Red and white, and the roans, were the most common,
and pure white was more popular than a full red. In fact, the roans
were the most fashionable, and more preferred than any other where
a preference for color prevailed at all. Some of the best bulls and
cows ever imported into the country were pure white, so late as
twenty years ago, while now either at public or private sale a white,
or even a light roan bull, unless of distinguished blood, will sell for
a much less price than a full red or red roan of equal quality, even
when discriminating breeders in the more substantial qualities are
the purchasers.

In this partiality or prejudice—for we cannot call it any other—in
the United States, we cannot but think it an absurd distinction so far
as the true merits of the animal are concerned. A purely red cow
may be bred to a purely red bull, and a white or roan calf may be
the produce, as is sometimes seen; or, a bull and cow of any other
legitimate shades, white, roan, or of distinctly patched colors may be
coupled, and grades of color common to neither parent may be pro-
duced in the calf. In fact, color in Short-horns is not controllable,
or but partially so, except as through a persistent course of breeding
to certain colored bulls, on the rule that “like begets like,” will the
produce inherit the shades belonging to the parents, and then not
uniformly. Therefore we say, other qualities being equal, one color
is just as good as another, no better, no worse. Still, fashion may
rule for a time among breeders, as the color of a person’s dress may rule
in the fashionable world of people, to be discarded at the next freak
of fancy or taste, as those who invent them may dictate.

Let us illustrate: The Collings always bred many more sure whites
than pure reds, (seldom did they breed one of the latter,) while roans
of different shades were their prevailing colors. So also with other
of the leading breeders of England from time immemorial. The
Booths bred without regard to a choice of color; so that their cattle
were good, color was a minor object. They seldom had a red ani-
mal, but chiefly roans and whites. In Mr. Bates’ early Duchess stock
the red color prevailed, and it has through their close interbreeding,
although since crossed by roan bulls, still held its own in their
descendants. The importations into the United States from the

COLORS OF SHORT-HORNS. 221

earliest date to 1857, were chiefly roans, red and whites, and whites,
the reds being little cared for, but rather objected to, until the Bates
Duchess blood became in demand. Previous to the Bates arrivals
reds were decidedly wzfashionable, some breeders carrying their
prejudices against a full red so far as to declare such colors indica-
tive of impure blood and bad breeding!

We incline to the opinion that not many years will transpire before
good judges of Short-horns will look more closely to quality than
color, convinced as we are that a fashion existing solely on prejudice
or partiality, cannot be permanent.

222 ESO Val Ove Gee SE OREO IREN TSE

CHAPTER. Oar

EXPORTATION OF AMERICAN SHORT-HORNS TO ENGLAND AND
SCOTLAND.

AFTER the long series of purchases by American breeders from
the British herds which have been enumerated, it is an interesting
item to record the progress of the back tidal wave of purchases from
our own American herds by English breeders, which have been taken
to the land of their origin to re-unite their possibly superior qualities
with the long-cherished blood of their ancestors, an event which has
been regarded among the British breeders as of novel and especial
interest.

Fifty years ago, or more, a pungent writer of critiques in one of
the British Reviews opened his article upon an American author with
the sneering question: “Who reads an American book?” But at
the present day American books have become a welcome commodity
in the British market, and receive an admiration and respect equal
to those of its own most favored authors.

Forty years afterwards, although the Americans had long been
purchasers of English Short-horns, the question might have been as
contemptuously asked by the English breeders: “Who buys an
American Short-horn?”” For many years our American breeders had
visited Great Britain, and carefully selected and purchased many
choice animals from the most costly and fashionable herds, which
they transferred onto their own American farms, and bred with a
care and skill equal to any which had been bestowed upon them in
the land of their nativity. It was afterwards discovered that much
of the best blood of their cherished herds had crossed the Atlantic,
and not to be regained except by going to America to re-purchase
and import it back at much higher prices than those for which they
had originally sold them. But the blood they must have, whatever
might be the cost, and they wisely set about regaining it.

In a letter to us of June 12, 1871, Mr. Samuel Thorne, of New
York, thus writes: “During a visit to England in the spring of 1861,
I was eagerly sought after for ‘Duke’ and ‘Oxford’ bulls, and in

EXPORTATION OF AMERICAN SHORT-HORNS. 223

May of that year I sent over the bull ‘Our American Cousin,’ by
imported Neptune, 1917, out of imported Lalla Rookh, sold to me by
F. W. Welch, of Ireland. <A short time after I sent over the bulls
3d Duke of Thorndale, 2789 (roan), 4th Duke of Thorndale, 2790
(roan), 5th Duke of Thorndale, 3488 (white), Imperial Oxford, 4905
(red); also the heifer 4th Lady of Oxford, which afterwards became
celebrated as one of the most distinguished cows in England, both as
a show animal and breeder. The bull 5th Duke of Thorndale, sick-
ened on the voyage, and died in Queenstown harbor, Ireland, before
reaching England. On their arrival in England they were sold at
prices varying from 300 to 4oo guineas each, in gold coin. In the
following year, 1862, I sent out to England Lord Oxford, 3091 (roan),
2d Lord Oxford [not recorded in A. H. B.], Bishop of Oxford [not
recorded in A. H. B.], and Duke of Geneva, 3858 (roan). The latter
shipment arrived in England safely, and sold for 250 to 600 guineas
each, in gold, amounting to a considerable larger sum in our own
currency.”

Soon afterwards Mr. Ezra Cornell, of Ithaca, N. Y., sold to go to
England, the young bull 3d Lord of Oxford, 4958, bred by Mr. Thorne,
of whom Mr. Cornell had sometime previously purchased him. He
sold for $3,000 in gold, which, with the premium added swelled the
sum to a much larger amount in our currency.

About the same time Mr. R. A. Alexander, of Kentucky, sent out
to England a few animals of choice blood of the Airdrie (Bates’
Duchess) tribe, and possibly another animal or two, the names of
which we have not been able to learn, nor the result of their sales.

In August, 1867, Mr. John R. Page took out for Mr. J. O. Sheldon,
of Geneva, N. Y., eight young animals, consisting of the roan bull
3d Duke of Geneva, 5563, which sold for 550 guineas, and the heif-
ers 7th Duchess of Geneva (white), sold at 700 guineas, together with
4th Maid of Oxford (red), Countess of Oxford (white), 6th Maid of
Oxford (roan), 7th Maid of Oxford (roan), 8th Maid of Oxford (roan),
and sth Maid of Oxford (white). For the six Oxfords he obtained
2,050 guineas, an average of $2,293 each. The entire sale amounted
to 3,300 guineas=$17,325, or an average for the lot of $2,615.50 each,
which, together with the premium on the gold received for them, not
less than 20 to 25 per cent. above American currency at the time,
made the handsome sum of nearly or quite $20,000 for eight animals,
less the expense of exportation.

In the year 1870, Mr. Sheldon also sold, to be delivered ox ship-
board in the city of New York, the red roan bull calf 8th Duke of

224 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Geneva, 7935, to Messrs. Howard and Downing, in England, for 800
guineas, and to Mr. Cheney, also in England, the (red) heifers 11th
Duchess of Geneva, and (red roan) 13th Duchess of Geneva, at 1,000
guineas each, in gold coin. They were taken on board ship and
arrived safely at their destination.

In April, 1871, Mr. M. H. Cochrane, Compton, Province Quebec,
sold to Earl of Dunmore, in Scotland, the cow 11th Lady of Oxford,
by 14th Duke of Thorndale, 8031, for 750 guineas; and to Colonel
Kingscote, of England, the red bull Duke of Hillhurst, 9862, at eleven
months old, for 800 guineas. Both these animals were delivered at
Portland, Me., the freight and charges to be paid by the purchasers.

In November following, Mr. Cochrane also sold to Earl of Dun-
more the following heifers: Duchess of Hillhurst (white), and 2d
Duchess of Hillhurst (roan), at about a year old, each (both got by
8th Duke of York, 11867, out of imported Duchesses 103d and
rorst), for 2,500 guineas; also the cow 8th Maid of Oxford and her
heifer calf, for 1,300 guineas; also two cows and their two heifer
calves, purchased by Mr. Cochrane, in Kentucky, for which he re-
ceived 500 guineas. This lot, like the previous one, was delivered
at Portland, subject to the exportation charges. The whole ten ani-
mals of these two exportations netted Mr. Cochrane the sum of 5,850
guineas, or about $30,712 American currency.

Late in the autumn of 1871, Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, of New
York Mills, Oneida county, N. Y., sold to Lord Skelmerdale, Eng-
land, the young red bull, rst Duke of Oneida, 9925, for 850 guineas,
at eighteen months old; and with him also went out the red bull 5th
Lord Oxford, 10382, fifteen months old, to another party there; also
to Mr. Cheney the roan heifer 9th Maid of Oxford (two years old),
by roth Duke of Thorndale, 5610; red cow 1oth Lady of Oxford
(four years old), by roth Duke of Thorndale, 5610; and roan heifer
13th Lady of Oxford (nine months old), by Baron of Oxford, 2525,
all at about the average prices of Mr. Sheldon’s sale.

The above are the last sales to go abroad of which we have a
detailed account up to the year 1872; and most gratifying they must
prove, in the acknowledgment by some of the most enterprising breed-
ers of Great Britain to the excellence and value of American-bred
Short-horns.

THE EARLIER SHORT-HORNS. 225

THE STYLE, FIGURE AND QUALITY, WHICH SHOULD REPRESENT A
PERFECT SHORT-HORN.

To demonstrate this we should, perhaps, have a portrait, model,
or diagram of the animal we purpose to describe; but such an one
is difficult to obtain, and could we obtain it, objection might be made
that it represented a particular animal, of certain blood or breeding,
whose conspicuity in a work of this character might show partiality
in us, the imputation of which we wish to avoid. We shall, there-
fore, speak of what should be, rather than what zs in any animal with
which we are familiar. We have occasionally seen a Short-horn
which we considered almost, if not quite, perfect. We have recited
the histories of some which seemed a/most perfect in the eyes of
judges of them in the days of the earlier breeders—the Maynards,
Wetherels, Collings, Booths, Mason, and their contemporaries, as well
as to others now living. But they were not altogether so, as some
deficient points in them have been detected. Nor do we think
their standard of perfection was then so high as it is at the present
time. We believe the standard of excellence has improved within
the last seventy years, and that the average quality of well-bred Short-
horns is higher now than in the years 1800 to 1830, although many
animals of surpassing excellence, and known by name, existed in
those days, as we have seen by portraits and descriptions of them.

The mass of the old Short-horns, as we have seen, were faulty—
coarse, many of them, sleazily made up, too prominent in bone, hard
in the handling, lacking flesh in the most valuable parts of the car-
cass, and having too much offal for their net weight. Their shoulders
stood too far forward, were too upright and open at the tops; their
fore ribs were too flat, with too little flesh on their crops, those points
being hollow, or concave, leaving neither roasts nor steaks upon them.
That was, perhaps, their greatest fault, and the most difficult to over-
come. There were other deficiencies which have been already enu-
merated and need not be repeated. Yet the cows were generally
great milkers, and great milkers even at the present day are more
apt to fail in those points than in almost any others. The reader
will understand that we now speak of the Short-horns of some cen-
turies ago, before their breeders had discovered the capabilities of the
race in the extent of improvement to which they have since attained.

15

226 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

But good breeding has corrected most of these, and we now see
large numbers of Short-horns existing in the peerless symmetry which
in early days were not common to their race.

To the point, then: WuatT is a perfect Short-horn ?

We propose to dissect and analyze the creature from the point of
its nose to the brush of its tail. In this we are aware that we may
run against both tastes and prejudices, as well as fashions; but tastes,
prejudices and fashions, are all more or less arbitrary, the results of
education, and sometimes absurd when running against practical excel-
fence, or true merit, in almost any subject. We propose to speak of
merit mainly, and permit the reader to interpose his own ideas of
taste or fashion, as they may occur.

The muzzle: This should be fine, with a wide, open nostril; a
large, but not coarse mouth beneath it, thin lips, light, fine under jaw,
devoid of flesh, except a slight pendulous skin underneath. The
color of the nose yellow, orange, or a nutty drab. (The colors of
the nose are elsewhere discussed.)

The head: Should be well-proportioned in length, breadth, and
general symmetry; rather shorter in the bull and longer in the cow,
in proportion to the size of the animal of either sex. The cheeks
should be lean, and destitute of mwch flesh, giving them a neat, airy
appearance. The forehead broad, gracefully narrowing along the
face towards the muzzle; the face slightly concave—not ashed,
(like an Alderny,) but a true Short-horn face of elegant and stylish
bearing. The hair in the forehead of a bull may be either straight,
or curly, without prejudice either way. The eye should be promi-
nent and large, encircled by a broad orange ring, clear of hair, or
the hair growing upon it short, and running gradually out into the
face and cheeks at a brief distance. The expression of the eye
should be mild and gentle, indicating kindness of disposition. A
sullen or deep-set eye, is more or less indicative of bad temper, and
intractable nature. The style and expression of the eye we consider
an important feature of the animal in its qualities of perfection.

The horn: Asa rule, should be light, although a heavy one is not
particularly objectionable, as it is of no use other than indicating the
character of the race. The bases should stand wide on each side at
the top of the skull, and bend gracefully forward in an outward curve,
and may then incline downward or upward, either way without
prejudice to the main qualities of the beast. They should be oval in
shape at the base, and so continue some distance from the head; of
waxy or neutral tint, inclining, if not strictly of the waxy character,

A PERFECT SHORT-HORN. 227

to a creamy, rather than a white shade, and no dark tint or black
except at the tips, and even there the less of either the better. The
horns of some of the best animals sometimes take an upright form;
others a backward and downward curve, which need not be objected
to if the creature be otherwise unobjectionable. But a ferfect horn,
in either bull or cow, should have a graceful, outward spread, inclin-
ing gently downward or upward at the sides and front, small and fine.

The ear: Should be upright, large, and thin, well covered inside
and out, with long, fine hair, and flexible in movement. It is not an
important feature, and only noticeable in adding grace and beauty to
the general features of the head. The head of a Short-horn gives
the animal much of its character for grace and comeliness, if not of
general excellence, although we have known many of superlative
quality in every other particular, with plain heads—that being the
only objectionable point. The Booth heads are inclined to be quite
straight in the face, from forehead to muzzle—so much so as some-
times to give the heifers a steery appearance. This, however, is a
matter of taste only, yet more common in the Booth stock than in
the herds of most other breeders.

The neck: Should be strong and well set, of a graceful oval
shape adjoining the head, running backward on a level, in the cow,
and with a gradually rising crest in the bull, deepening and widening
as it approaches the bosom, where it should connect in a smooth
expansion, so that it can hardly be seen where the neck terminates
or the bosom begins. ‘The neck should be free from hanging skin or
dewlap.

The chest: This most important feature, from which spring the
brisket, shoulders, and fore ribs, should be deep, broad, and full, indi-
cating robustness and good constitution.

The brisket: Set prominently forward, nearly perpendicular in
front, broad, and well let down, or even slightly projecting, towards
the bottom, with a thin, pendulous skin underneath, indicating an
elasticity of the flesh inclosed within it.

The shoulders: Should be broad and even at the tops, working
backward into a level with the chine in the rear, on a direct line, mod-
erately upright, spreading outward as they descend from the top of
the chest, smooth at the forward points, and thence sloping gracefully
and tapering symmetrically into the fore legs above the knees. The
knees should be round, muscular, and stand well apart; the legs
below fine-boned, and terminating in hoofs of proportionate size,
waxy, brindled or dark brown in color.

228 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

The fore ribs: Springing in a well-rounded arch from the spine,
should be well expanded, long, and deep, giving abundant space for
the well-sized heart and lungs to play, and develop what some may
term the “fore flank” at the floor of the chest or sternum, into full
breadth and levelness with the belly.

The crops, or spaces behind the shoulders: These should be full, per-
fected mainly by a sufficient springing outward of the fore ribs from
the chine, with a full coating of flesh upon them. ‘The crops in the
older Short-horns were one of their most deficient points, but by
skillful breeding they have been improved to such extent that they
are now, 1n many animals, of remarkable excellence, and when so
developed as to yield acceptable steaks and roasting pieces, add much
to the selling as well as consumable values of the beast. In fact, no
perfect Short-horn will show a depression behind the shoulders, but
let a carpenter’s s¢raight-edge touch the entire space on a line from
the shoulders to the after ribs adjoining them.

The spine, or back bone, by whichever name it may be called:
Should run on an even level line from the chine to the setting on of
the tail, although in some of the choicest animals a slightly depressed
notch is permitted at the connection of the spine with the tail.

The loin: Broad, full, and level with the spine and hips—for
there the choicest flesh usually lies, adding much to the weight and
value of the carcass.

The hips: Wide spread, smooth, and on a level with the spine—
not falling off and tapering downwards to cause a contraction of the
ribs and belly forward. Drooping hips are apt to be narrow, with a
“cloddy buttock” in the rear, giving tough and lean meat of little
value.

The rumps: Long, full, broad and level, narrowing gracefully
from the hips to the pin-bones, or points of the rumps, which latter
should be wide apart, giving a proportional symmetry to either sex,
and a great advantage and convenience to the cow in parturition.

The tail: Well and strongly connected with the spine on a straight
line, small, and tapering gradually to the brush, which should be
clothed with a full tuft of long hair.

The hinder ribs: These should spring roundly from the spine,
long, deep, and well set back towards the hips, holding the belly up
level, as near as may be with the floor of the chest, and by their
breadth, giving abundant room for the viscera or bowels to play, and
in the cow to spread sufficiently for the growth of the foetus, while
breeding.

A PERFECT SHORT-HORN. 229

The flank: Should be full and low, on a line with the belly and
thighs, the skin loosely developed to fill with fatty flesh when perfected
for slaughter.

The udder—in the cow: Should be broad, square, and set well
forward, with fine, thim hair, wide between the teats, which should be
placed well apart, of medium size and length, and gently tapering.

The testicles of the bull: Should be full for his age, equal in
size—as near as may be—and lightly haired.

The thighs: Should drop perpendicularly from the pin-bones or
points of the rumps, broad on the upper sides, and full throughout,
the flesh running well down towards the hocks in the bulls. In the
cows, from the rump-points downward the backward slope of the
thighs may retreat forward and be thinner than in the bulls, as is the
wont of her sex. Still, they should be muscular and strong.

The hind legs: Straight, like those of the horse, standing well
apart, with a strong muscular hock, tapering into a fine-boned, flat
leg below, and ending in a well-spread, compact hoof, of color like
the forward ones.

The twist, or space above the junction of the thighs: Should be
broad, full, and clothed with a soft, silky hair in either sex. In cows
used for dairy purposes some importance has been given to the
“escutcheon,” according to Guenon’s theory (the hair running both
inversely and transversely far upward and outward on the thighs,
indicating high milking qualities); but we consider that of minor
cons€quence, as experience has not given anything more than a
doubtful belief in its certainty of application. It relates to the lacteal
tendency of the cow only, and needs no further discussion here.

The hair: Should be close, long and soft, furnishing a warm win-
ter covering. It will be short enough in the warm season, as nature
provides for the changing temperatures.

The touch, or handling quality: Should be elastic, mellow (not
flabby), and springing under pressure of the fingers like a light India
rubber ball. Good handling is one of the best points in a Short-
horn.

The skin: Moderately thick, strong, and loose, easily moving by
action of the hand upon it, and showing plenty of cellular tissue
underneath.

The above qualities have been generally accepted by experienced
and skillful Short-horn breeders to constitute the necessary points of
a perfect specimen of the race.

230 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

CECA Par RR) Xo

PuRE SHORT-HORNS—HERD BOOKS—PEDIGREES.

THE subjects embraced in this chapter are, of necessity, more or
less debateable; still we shall strive to treat them with truth, and
fairness. :

The question may very properly first be asked: What is a “thor-
ough-bred or pure-blooded” Short-horn ?

The simplest and most obvious answer may be: An animal which
traces its descent through a line of ancestors, on both sides of its
parentage, back to the earliest ages in Short-horn history or the
fountain-head of its race, whether such ancestry be recorded in the
Herd Books or not. ‘To ascertain such fact to an absolute certainty,
a close and thorough investigation of every volume (possibly) of the
books, both English and American, now thirty in number, and con-
taining over seventy thousand pedigrees, unless other positive testi-
mony is at hand, must be made in order to settle the fact of
indisputable purity of blood, and even then it cannot unguestionably
be done, as our previous history has already shown. ¢

The question of purity in descent is a broad and intricate one.
Numerous commentators and critics through the papers, pamphlets,
magazines and journals, of both past and present days, have from
time to time ventilated their opinions upon it, and arrived at widely
different conclusions, each one for himself, and apparently satisfied in
his own correctness; yet they have gvoved nothing beyond what the
Herd Books—and they but imperfectly either investigated or under-
stood—together with some traditions derived from the old breeders
have given them. It is unfortunate that the investigations of this
subject have, from the beginning, both in England and America,
been too much of a fartisan and in many of them of a personal
character, as well as exhibiting a prejudice against, or partiality for
some of the bloods and pedigrees which they discussed.

Our history in the foregoing pages has related as definitely as could
be ascertained, the origin of the Short-horn race; and the Herd
Books have recorded their individual progress down to the present

SRIGIN OR THE ENGLISH HERD) BOOK. 231

time, through the pedigrees which they contain; but it may be well
to understand the authority on which those pedigrees were based,
and for that a history of the foundation of the English Herd Book
should be related.

We have seen that the Short-horns had been more or less cultivated
and no doubt greatly improved through some past centuries in the coun-
ties comprising the ancient Northumbria, previous to the year 1730,
and we have some few records of animals by name, from that time
down to the year 1780, when, through the intelligence and enterprise
of some of their younger breeders, they began in considerable num-
bers to take position by partial pedigree, as well as name, in a few
individual herds. ‘The records of many animals were kept in the
private notes of their breeders, in some instances; in many more
instances they were retained only in the memories of their breeders,
and in the fallibility of those memories may not in all instances have
been correct in certain facts of blood or birth. Yet, such were the
only records, and they were not reduced to a permanent shape until
the year 1822, when the first volume of the English Herd Book was
published; thus the pedigrees of the Short-horns remained either in
private memoranda or tradition, for more than half a century after
some of them had acquired individual names, and reputations as
prominent and leading animals of their race. Their progress and
increasing numbers through those years had been so rapid, and the
chances of error in perpetuating their lineage were so many, that an
imperative necessity compelled their breeders to place them in a
permanent record.

According to a concise and well-considered narrative, published
in “The Country Gentleman,’ under date of July 27, 1871, over the
signature “S.,” which we consider competent authority, as was re-
ceived by the writer more than twenty years ago, in England, from
some of the then living parties who had been active in the proceed-
ings, we extract as follows:

“The English Short-horned Herd Book was originated as a pro-
ject some years before its publication. Sir Henry Vane Tempest, a
large and capital breeder of Short-horns, held semi-annual agricul-
tural meetings in Wynyard Park, his residence, in Durham county,
giving prizes for horses, cattle and sheep. These meetings, like those
of the Durham Agricultural Society, always were attended by the lead-
ing breeders of that county and Yorkshire. Ata meeting in the autumn
of 1812, there were present, among others, Robert and Charles Col-
ling, Mrs. Charles Colling, Mr. Bates, Col. Trotter, Messrs. John and

232 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

George Hutchinson, Wetherell, Baker of Ellmore, Wright, Stephenson,
Hustler, Raine, Mr. Booth and his sons John and Richard, Maj. Rudd,
and the two Coateses, father and son. Sir Henry was a breeder
of blood horses, and he suggested to the company, what had been
before arranged between him and Mr. Coates, the publication of a
record for Short-horns, like the Stud Book for horses. The view was
at once adopted. All the gentlemen named were breeders of Short-
horns, and at least three of them breeders of blood horses, viz.: Sir
Henry, Col. Trotter and Mr. Stephenson. ‘That was the start of the
Herd Book. Sir Henry, Mr. Coates and Col. Trotter, had, prior to
this consulted on the subject, and the movement at Sir Henry’s din-
ner of the day of his show, was in pursuance of arrangement. It
was conceded that Mr. Coates was the most proper person to act as
editor of the book. He was fitted for that duty by a large knowledge
of pedigrees and great interest in cattle, as well as knowledge of
breeders. He had also their confidence. Mr. Coates at once went
to work. Sir Henry agreed to defray the expense—but, alas, he died
the next year, nine months only from this arrangement, when only
partial progress had been made. His death delayed the matter, and
except that Mr. Coates continued to collect material, there was no
advance made. Had Sir Henry lived, the first volume of the Herd
Book would have been published years before it was.

“The matter now rested until the first sale of Robert Colling’s
cattle in September, 1818. In the evening after the sale the project
was revived among the breeders present, who were of course numer-
ous, Col. Trotter bringing it up for consideration. Asa means of
defraying the expenses and giving a guarantee to a publisher, he pro-
posed a subscription. A list was prepared and was largely signed
there, and by every breeder then present. As the list was not money,
no further progress was made for a year and ahalf. Through the
zeal of Mr. Bates, who had deeply entered into the project, an
arrangement was made to hold a meeting to consider the subject; to
examine and correct the manuscript pedigrees, and furnish more
material. This meeting took place at the King’s Head Hotel, Dar-
lington. There were present at it, Robert and Charles Colling, Mrs.
Charles Colling, Miss Wright of Cleasby, (her father was one of the
purchasers of Comet, and she continued her father’s breeding after
his death,) Mr. Bates, Mr. Mason of Chilton, Mr. Baker of Ellmore,
Mr. Whittaker, Mr. Wetherell and Mr. Coates. Letters had been
addressed largely to breeders, requesting information, and replies were
obtained giving much material. Mr. Bates had traversed all the

ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH HERD BOOK. 233

Short-horn region and procured a large number of pedigrees. When
the matter in hand was all laid before the meeting, it was clear that
there was enough for a good sized volume. The plan of arrange-
ment as it appears in the first volume was adopted, and it was decided
to publish as speedily as possible.

“The subscription, started in 1818, had in the next year (1819)
largely increased. But a subscription was not money, and Mr. Coates
was poor. Therefore, Robert Colling and Mr. Whittaker agreed to
advance the funds necessary. Robert was still a breeder, for he had
sold only a part of his cattle in 1818. But asecond death came to
stop the enterprise, and in a month from this meeting and financial
arrangement, Mr. Robert Colling died on the 7th of March, 1820.
Mr. Bates would have advanced the money required, but there were
circumstances in his then personal position, not necessary to relate,
which prevented. The death of Mr. Colling occasioned another
delay, and for two years and more nothing was done toward publica-
tion. In 1822, Mr. Whittaker, then a large breeder, proffered to
advance himself alone the money necessary to print the first volume,
to be repaid out of the subscriptions; but he made it a condition
that the book should be printed at Otley, Yorkshire, near Greenholme,
where he had his business and residence. Mr. Coates resided at
Carlton, near Pontefract, thirty to forty miles from Otley, while the
book could have been printed at Pontefract equally well and cheaper.
The necessities of the case, in point of money, overruled the con-
venience of Mr. Coates, and the book was put into the hands of Mr.
Walker, printer at Otley. It appeared in the autumn of 1822. The
subscribers numbered four hundred and fifty-five, and the subscrip-
tions were five hundred and five, at a guinea each, or $2,580. These
were paid on the delivery of the book, and Mr. Whittaker’s advance
refunded. Mr. Coates and Mr. Whittaker were always fast friends
during life, and Mr. C. was always grateful for the assistance rendered
him. And it may be said that all the breeders were kind friends to
him as he was to them. There was always some coolness between Mr.
Coates and Mr. Charles Colling, from the period of Mr. Colling’s
success over Mr. Coates in the Shows of the Agricultural Society of
Durham. And this would not have been mentioned here, but that
their relations were said to have influenced Mr. C. Colling adversely
in giving Mr. Coates information for his Herd Book, and Mr. Coates
so believed. There was some sale beyond the subscriptions, but the
surplus of receipts above the expenses of publication afforded no
remuneration for Mr. Coates’s labor, time and expenses through years

234 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

in obtaining material for the book. He was obliged to be much at
Otley on expense, when, if the book had been printed at Pontefract,
his home, or at Doncaster, near it, that would have been avoided.
But Mr. Coates’ great point was gained, for now not only were the
Short-horns an established and popular breed, and had long been
locally, and were becoming generally, but by his exertions they had a
record, and he was proud of it. He now stood their herald, to record
their genealogies and blazon their escutcheons and their arms.”

The number of bulls recorded in the first volume of Coates’ Herd
Book was 710, with about an equal number of cows, a very few of
which are noted as having gone to America. The second volume
appeared in 1829, seven years after the first, with 891 additional bull
pedigrees, and a proportionate number of cows. We also find in
Vol. 2, a number of new English breeders, and a few Americans,
added to the contributors of pedigrees in the first volume. The
third volume, issued in 1836, still seven years later, and in bulk larger
than either of its predecessors, represented a considerable increase
of breeders, including a number of Americans, with an addition of
1,298 bull pedigrees, making the number up to 2,897, and a fair aggre-
gate of cows attending them. ‘This third volume, we understand, on
the authority just quoted, was issued by a son of Mr. Coates, the
elder, and original editor, who had assisted his father in the compi-
lation of the two earlier volumes. Mr. George Coates had died
previous to its publication. At seven years later, in 1843, came
volume four, with an increase of 3,800 bulls, running their entire
number up to 6,700. Volume four contained the pedigrees of bulls
only. The next year, 1844, produced volume five, in two parts, con-
taining cows only, increasing the whole number of cows up to, proba-
bly, 8,000 or more. The three last books comprised about 1,900
pages, with a considerable number of American breeders and their
cattle pedigrees. The mass of well-bred living Short-horns then in
England, Scotland and Ireland, together with many others long dead,
belonging to breeders who had neglected to record their herds in the
first three volumes, came into the fourth and fifth. Those volumes
also contained many American pedigrees of dead as well as living
Short-horns, fully satisfied, as both British and American owners were,
of the necessity of keeping the lineage of their herds before the pub-
lic, and in a permanent depository.

These five volumes concluded the Herd Book labors of the Coateses
—father andson. ‘The proprietorship of the work and compilation of
the sixth volume was thereafter transferred to Mr. Henry Strafford,

SHORT PEDIGREES. 235

who issued it in the year 1846, in the same style and form, mainly,
as had been done by the Coateses. The work has since been con-
tinued at intervals by Mr. Strafford, down to the year 1871, until the
whole number amounts to nineteen volumes, containing 30,347 bulls,
with a much larger number of cows. A considerable number of
American pedigrees were entered in the successive volumes edited
by Mr. Strafford, until a few years ago, when they were no longer
admitted, except such as were necessary to give the lineage of British
Short-horns descended from American sires or dams, or were ex-
ported from America to England. The later volumes of the E. H. B.
also contain the pedigrees of most of the native Short-horns which
have since been imported from Great Britain into America.

SHORT PEDIGREES IN THE ENGLISH HERD Books.

We here mention one item connected with the Strafford Herd Book,
particularly, which is necessary for the American breeder to under-
stand. No female pedigree, except in a few particular instances, is
admitted to record in its pages until she has become a breeder, and
then only two, three, or (seldom) four of her pedigree crosses are given,
with a further reference to the names of either herself or her dam in
some previous volume, so that in order to obtain her full pedigree
those volumes must be examined. The names of her “produce,”
however, are placed in tabular form, with date of birth and name of
sire given, that the pedigrees of such produce can, with some extra
labor, usually be ascertained.

We have given the above particular account of the origin and
history of the English Herd Book, as a part of the information with
which the American breeder should be familiar; but there is still
another history with which, in order to a thorough knowledge of the
origin and truth of pedigrees, he should be acquainted.

WERE THE EARLY PEDIGREES IN THE ENGLISH HERD Book ALL
. TRUE SHORT-HORNS?

The question may here be pertinently asked: “What reliance
have we that the names, or the pedigrees recorded in the Coates Herd
Books were correct, or that they were true Short-horns?” To this
we answer: Nothing, but the veracity of the breeders of the cattle
whose names and pedigrees they furnished, and the acceptance of
them by their contemporaries who were acquainted with their blood
and breeding. To several of those animals we have already alluded.

236 ; HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

In many of the names and pedigrees mutual questions arose among
the men who established the book, as to their correctness. Some
averred that possible crosses of the Scotch Kyloe or West Highland
blood, or that of other breeds had, some generations back, occurred
in them. The Dutch, or Holland blood introduction, of which we
have previously spoken, (if it had ever occurred, but which it appears
was then mostly or altogether ignored,) was not a source of conten-
tion. Of Charles Colling’s Grandson of Bolingbroke cross from the
Galloway cow, the whole story was then known, and what little there
was left of its introduction acquiesced in by the main body of the
breeders, as were the pedigrees of all others which could be traced
into what were considered good Short-horn herds, be their date either
ancient or modern. Yet, much party spirit existed among the Eng-
lish breeders, (as now, both in Britain and America,) and sharp contro-
versies took place in relation to their various pedigrees; but all
disputes were finally reconciled into the admission of the pedigrees
recorded in the first, and subsequently into the succeeding volumes
of the English Herd Book, so that with few exceptions, from that
time to this, they have existed as authority for the lineage of their
race. ‘True, individual questions may arise among breeders, in trac-
ing pedigrees to a remote source, as to the evtive purity of their Short-
horn descent; still, the Herd Book record must ultimately decide the
extent of confidence in blood to which the animal in dispute is enti-
tled, and no individual opinion or decision can, absolutely, otherwise
determine tt. :

Another point in the English Herd Book may here be stated.
Four crosses of pedigree bulls running back to what, in England, is
considered a Short-horn cow, with but fifteen-sixteenths of recorded
pedigree blood, entitles the animal having that number to a place in
its pages. In this age of intelligence where five or six crosses at
least in a well-bred English pedigree can easily be obtained, the
showing of but three or four gives wide latitude for conjecture and
guess-work. ‘The Booths, from grandfather in 1777, to grandsons in
1871, in England, have ever maintained that four crosses of well-bred
Herd Book bulls running back to ¢rue Short-horn dams (which can
readily be found there, as large numbers of such exist which have
not been recorded in the Herd Books to this date) are sufficient to
establish ¢horough breeding. Hardly a single animal of their herds,
since they first obtained their original bulls from the Collings, runs
back into a cow having an ancient Herd Book pedigree, although they
have bred many of the best animals the race has produced, and yet

EARLY ENGLISH HERD BOOK PEDIGREES. 237

their pedigree cattle, both in England and America, are accepted as
thorough-bred. We note their practice simply as matter of history,
not from any doubt of the integrity of their blood. We have no such
precedent in America where only the common native cows of the
country, or those of some well-bred race other than the Short-horn
can be resorted to. Thus, in America, having English Herd Book
authority for example, we, as a matter of course, have been constrained
to accept all Zng/ish cattle imported from there as true Short-horns,
on good authority that they were so. As such, they are entitled
to record in our own Herd Books. Let cavilers say what they may,
there can be no fairly disputing the question. As to what degree of
confidence such pedigrees may be received by the public, it must be
simply a matter of choice, or individual preference for them to either
accept or refuse. The pedigree, or history of the animal, is the title
to either acceptance or rejection, as best suits one’s pleasure or judg-
ment. Be it understood, however, that pedigree alone does not deter-
mine the excellence, or value of the animal; its form and other good
qualities must confirm, to a greater or less extent, the value of the
pedigree; otherwise a wide misjudgment may be made in the choice.

Another point—for we may as well canvass the whole question of
pedigrees, so far as possible. We have seen it intimated, both in Eng-
land and America, by some who may possibly know something about
it, and more frequently by-those who do not, that there have been
divers interpolations in some of the earlier, or even later English
pedigrees, some bulls having been omitted that ought to be in, and
others inserted which ought to be left out, and thus the pedigrees
measurably falsified. That may, or may not be. Of our personal
knowledge we can say nothing of the facts; and in such doubt, we
have no authority to decide the matter one way or the other but the
Herd Book itself. The pedigrees are in the Herd Book, and being
there, and long accepted by the mass of past, as well as living breed-
ers, without the most positive evidence to the contrary of what they
contain,’we have no right to question them. Inferences, innuendoes,
and arguments may be advanced indefinitely, but they prove nothing.

Still another point—treating the subject exhaustively while about
it. Many people are prone to believe that a long pedigree extending
sixty, seventy, or eighty years back, with fifteen or twenty Herd Book
crosses in it, is fosétive evidence of purity, and therefore no ques-
tion can be entertained of its thorough breeding. We shall readily
see that such evidence may be of deficient character. Suppose, for
instance, we take a daughter of Charles Colling’s cow Lady, by

238 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

Grandson of Bolingbroke, the Galloway cross so frequently mentioned.
This daughter of Lady had one-sixteenth part of Galloway blood,
and she being put to a bull having the same amount of that blood,
the produce would contain the same fraction of impurity. Or,
let the female produce be put to another bull having even a lesser
fraction of the blood—for bulls were used with one-sixteenth, one-
thirty-second and one-sixty-fourth part of it, and very much less,
in a descending ratio, from that day to this—all of them having a
taint of it. We ask how many crosses of that tainted blood will
have to be made before it is entirely eradicated? We shall not
undertake to compute it, and yet to settle the fact, a month’s labor
or more may have to be exhausted in finding it out; while half the
number of crosses in some other animal may carry a pedigree back
into its original parents without finding the most distant taint of any
other than pure Short-horn blood. We mention this without preju-
dice to the tainted pedigree, but only to show that its value must be
judged by the gualities of the animals through which it has run as
well as its length, or the number of wre crosses it contains.

To further elucidate the matter of blood, let us reckon the de-
grees of impurity in the number of crosses a pedigree may contain,
by taking a continuation of descent from well-bred Short-horn bulls
and a common cow, or one of other blood. The

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4th Fhe WU ga LEAs a a AAI alan T= RO ei be
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13th THE ius) aU ayladape tMetlartenetaPotateted teste 8IgI-8192 “ cs
T4th HN ieucioreme awd Does 16383-16384 ‘“ B
15th cee alah reve tets srelevemietersebeteteie 32767-32768 ‘“ w
16th Soi Diag Wilestatiorlove tates Usraeae tape Raat 65535-65536 8“ sé

So, this sixteenth cross contains 1-65536 fraction of impure to all the
other parts of good blood. How much damage, let us ask, in ordi-
nary probability, will that do the creature possessing it? And yet the
bull or cow possessing this 1-65536 part of impure blood, according to

THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. 239

the natural law of descent may, by an extreme chance, either beget or
produce an offspring which may show in some one feature, or even
more, a cropping out of its impurity—a remote chance, indeed. Still,
an animal without the least taint of impure blood in its veins is better ;
but to ascertain that fact, 40 a certainty, may be pronounced a sheer
impossibility when we consider the various authorities on which the
English pedigrees have from time to time been founded.

We do not give the above scale, or analysis of approach to pure
blood, as an encouragement to grade or impure breeding, but to
demonstrate the almost impossibility of tracing pure breeding back
to a period in which a remote taint of outside blood may not have
crept into the veins of an animal, or a tribe of animals, which have
always passed for thorough-bred, both before and since the year 1822,
when the first Herd Book was established. We have made the anal-
ysis also to demonstrate the injustice of condemning an animal
having a remote taint of impure blood far away back in its English
lineage where its pedigree has been admitted into the Herd Books of
that country, even when such remote taint can be traced; and we
may assert the injustice also of denying purity of blood to animals
imported into America without pedigrees at all, both before and
since the English Herd Book was established, such animals being
certified by creditable breeders’ evidence that they were good Short-
horns. The names of such originally non-pedigreed animals and
their produce have been sent back to England for record in the Herd
Books there, and they have been accepted and recorded as Short-
horns ; whether right or wrong, in all individual instances, we do not
decide—but there we find them. A short pedigree of but four or five
crosses, even at the present day, appears to have no terror to Eng-
lish breeders, as we find bulls recorded, by zame only, as late as the
year 1843, in Vol. 4, by Coates, and in Vols. 6 and 7, in 1846 and
1847, by Mr. Strafford. We also find many bulls in the continuous
volumes -down to the rgth, published in 1871, which have only two,
three, or four zown crosses in their pedigrees, and no one, either
in England or America, appears to question the integrity of their
blood as legitimately belonging to the Short-horn race.

240 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

THE AMERICAN HeErRD Book.

Having compiled and edited the first volume of this work in the
year 1846, and its successive volumes to the eleventh, inclusive, down
to the year 1872, we purpose to give a brief notice of its beginning
and after continuance.

Although we had seen a few herds in previous years, we began breed-
ing Short-horns in 1833, when our first experimental acquaintance was
made with them. ‘The importation of Mr. Dun into Kentucky in 1833,

_and the Scioto valley importation into Ohio in 1834, spread the Western
reputation of the Short-horns more widely than any others which had
preceded them, and the arrivals which annually followed, for several
years continuously, rapidly increased it. The produce of these im-
portations added to the produce of previous introductions in other
States, brought out many new pedigrees. The inconvenience and
difficulty of sending these American pedigrees to England for record,
as well as the importance of having a registry nearer home, suggested
to our consideration some time afterwards the policy of establishing
an American Herd Book. We had occasional conversations with
leading breeders of New York on the subject as early as the year
1843, and also at different times with breeders in other States, and
endeavored to enlist them into taking a part in its compilation. But
little confidence, however, was expressed in either the possibility or
success of such an undertaking, if attempted. Yet impelled by the
growing conviction that such a work must of necessity ultimately
come, in the year 1845 we ventured to send out a prospectus for the
contribution of pedigrees, and assume the compilation of a pioneer
volume, as an experiment, if nothing more. Although the prospec-
tus was sent to every then known Short-horn breeder in the country,
but few responded to it. Some considered it an act of assumption
for one on this side the Atlantic to attempt an American Herd Book,
when England had one already established to which the American
breeders, equally with its own, had access for their records. Another
discouraging obstacle was in the way: Short-horns were then very
low in value in this country, as they also were and had been for some
years past in England. Sales were few, and many breeders felt indif-
ferent either to the propagation of their stock, or recording their
pedigrees in a Herd Book anywhere, much less in the United States.

Under these adverse circumstances the pedigrees contributed were
comparatively few; yet, under the advice of several zealous breeders
whose confidence in the future progress of the Short-horns in our

THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. 241

country, and in the importance of establishing and maintaining a
domestic record was unflagging, a sufficient number of pedigrees were
forwarded within a year to venture the compilation of a first volume.
Accordingly the work was done and an edition of six hundred copies
printed in the year 1846. It was a meagre book at the best, con-
taining the records of only 190 bulls, and about 350 cows and
heifers, with several names of their produce appended. The sales of
copies were so few, that the work resulted pretty much in a dead
loss, financially, to say nothing of the time and labor spent upon the
compilation. With such a result, it may well be supposed that a
further enterprise of the kind would not be soon attempted. Per-
haps 150 copies of the book had been sold within a year from its
issue, and the remaining ones were long stored away in our garret,
ultimately, as we anticipated, to find their way among other waste
material to the paper mills.

In the course of a few years times changed. The year 1852 had
awakened a new impulse in American Short-horn progress. That
and the succeeding year had brought some new importations into
the country, and the spirit in neat stock improvement had become
aroused to further progress, importance, and extension.

Several valuable importations of Short-horns having been made
into Kentucky and Ohio during the year 1853, in the succeeding
year (1854) many of the spirited breeders in Ohio who had been
engaged in late importations, formed an association with a large
subscription list for the payment of premiums, and invited the
“United States Agricultural Society,” then in existence, to hold their
annual October meeting at Springfield in that State. The society
accepted the invitation; wide publicity was given to it, premiums of
most liberal character were offered in the prize lists (confined chiefly
to neat cattle of various breeds), and anticipations were indulged—
among the Short-horn breeders more especially—that it would be an
event of great interest and gratification, as well as drawing a wide
attendance; and in its result the public were not disappointed. The
Kentuckians came over in strong array, both in person and with
the choice of their herds. Ohio was “at home,” and furnished, as
might be supposed, a full quota of her best cattle, as well as a mul-
titude of spectators. Indiana contributed her share of both; and
even New York unexpectedly sent a few of its fine Short-horns
and Devons, while the late liberal-hearted Mr. Roswell L. Colt, ot
Paterson, N. J., some 600 miles away, sent from his home, a nice
selection of his unique little Alderneys, which, during some previous

16

242 HIS LORY .O}7 eH SO Ra O RIN Ss:

years, he had imported and skillfully cultivated. The show of
Short-horns was numerous, and unequaled in quality at any previous —
exhibition which had taken place in the United States, many costly
and lately imported ones being on the ground. With a single excep-
tion the important prizes were all won and promptly paid.

During the exhibition a copy of the American Herd Book fell
into the hands of Mr. Brutus J. Clay, one among the many liberal
and large Short-horn breeders of Kentucky. He had never before
seen it. On looking it over, and considering the importance of a °
continuation of the work, after consulting with several of the larger
breeders of his own and other States present, he proposed to its
editor the publication of a second volume, with a remunerating price
attached to it, and urged its prosecution. With this encouragement
the second volume was undertaken, a prospectus circulated, and sev-
eral hundred contributors sent their pedigrees for publication. In
the year 1855 the Book was issued, with 980 bull pedigrees, added
to those of the first volume, making up the whole number to 1170.
In addition to the bulls, a much larger number of cows were recorded,
making altogether, with the introductory matter included, a well-sized
octavo of about six hundred pages. ‘Thus was promptly established
the zecessity of an AMERICAN Herd Book.

The second volume, it must be recollected, was compiled nine
years after the first one of the American, and eleven years after
the fourth and fifth volumes of the English Herd Book had been
given to the public, in which latter ones the great majority of Amer-
ican pedigrees, published in England, either before or since, were
recorded. During so long an interregnum the American pedigrees
had remained in the private memorandums of their breeders, or if
published at all, were only so in the scattered agricultural papers of
the day, with no surety that even there the records would be perma-
nently kept. Meantime, many breeders had given up and sold out
their herds; others had died, while a considerable majority of them
sedulously held on to their stocks, bred them well, kept their pedi-
grees correctly, and sent them to the second volume of the American
Herd Book for record.

At that time there were not a dozen fwi/ sets of the English Herd
Book in America, aside from the few odd volumes, scattered about in
the hands of different breeders. It may, therefore, be supposed
that a chaotic mass of material was poured into the hands of the
editor for examination, compilation, and revision, a labor of most exact-
ing kind, involving a great amount of toil and investigation, to say

THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. 243

nothing of the patience required in dissecting, patching together, and
arranging such promiscuous and miscellaneous matter into intelligible
shape. But, such as it was, the labor was done. It is but justice to
say, however, that very many of the pedigrees were made out by their
breeders in admirable order, with a spirit of truth and integrity
to have them recorded in a manner challenging the most critical
investigation; while others, not familiar with keeping pedigrees, and
less methodical in their memoranda, sent in a mass of material incon-
gruous in manner, almost illegible in manuscript, and desperate in the
hieroglyphics composing the names of their cattle, as well as wrong
figures in their numbers. ‘The compilation of these last was truly a
job, and such as under no other circumstances would be again under-
taken—at least by the compiler of ¢za¢ Herd Book.

As may be supposed, some errors in name, birth, and genealogy,
crept into the work. Still, it was welcomed and encouraged by the
breeders, with a further wish that it should be continued, and in 1857
a third volume was issued, containing 1298 bulls, and a considerably
larger number of cows, swelling the whole number of the former to
2,468, and several hundred more of the latter. This third volume
also contained sixty-eight corrections of errors in the pedigrees of
bulls, and about one hundred corrections of errors in the pedigrees
of cows that were inserted in the second volume. Many of the errors
were, however, of a trivial kind, not seriously affecting the integrity
of the pedigrees, while some others were important; yet, being thus
promptly corrected, the lines of their lineage were not affected, the
produce being properly recorded in successive volumes; and thus the
work, through varying fortunes, has continued to the publication of
its eleventh volume in the year 1872, in all containing more than
30,000 pedigrees; but the issue of the first six volumes never paid
the compiler and publisher a penny of pecuniary profit—iabor and time
thrown in.

We have thus detailed at so much length the history of the Eng-
lish and American Herd Books to illustrate the zeal and painstaking
labor of the meritorious class of men who, for a century past, have
spent their energies to ennoble and improve the valuable race of
animals to which their attentions have been devoted; and not alone
for the private gains anticipated in their cultivation, for on the other
hand many of the breeders have suffered large pecuniary sacrifices
in their efforts, through various calamities, from one cause or another,
which they encountered in their herds.

244 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS..

CH AVP AE Raa:

PROGRESS OF SHORT-HORNS IN AMERICA. HAVE THEY IMPROVED
IN BLoop, QUALITY, OR CONDITION, SINCE THEIR FIRST IMPOR-
TATIONS?

To give a short and decisive answer to the above pertinent ques-
tion, we say they evidently have improved here, as they also have
in England for many years past; and although we may not speak of
English Short-horns exclusively by themselves, yet, as we have received
various importations almost annually, of some of their choicest ani-
mals for the past twenty years—equally good as any which the breeders
retained at home, and many of the best of which have passed under
our own observation—we shall speak of them in general, both in that
country and in this.

We have already shown that late in the last century, and in the
earlier years of the present, the English Short-horns recorded by
name and having pedigrees of their lineage were few, and in the
hands of only a limited number of breeders who sedulously culti-
vated their better qualities to the highest development which their
perseverance and skill could command. ‘They labored in their
praiseworthy vocation for more than forty years before they could
even establish a record of their pedigrees, and for more than forty
years longer before they could gain a pudlic recognition of the im-
portance of such a record, although the cattle were thickly distrib-
uted in the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln,
as a well-established race. ‘Their reputation had also extended into
various adjoining, and even distant counties, both of England, Scot-
land, and possibly into Ireland, where many reputable animals had
been taken and bred with both skill and profit.

It may be supposed that during that period of eighty years the
great majority of tenant farmers in the original Short-horn region—
less active in new enterprises than men of more widely-varied pur-
suits—paid some attention to improving the qualities of their herds,
when of the Short-horn race, but not so much attention as did the
more skillful and thoughtful men whose names we have from

ATER IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHORT-HORNS. 245

time to time mentioned. As a consequence their cattle were less
refined in quality than those which had been more highly cultivated
and cherished. Yet, we may presume their herds had been enriched
by the use of bulls bought from the early popular breeders, and that
they had progressed to a degree of excellence much beyond what
they were in the days of their remote, or even immediate, ancestors.
The extending increase, by their rapidly growing demand, brought
into use many cows, and even bulls of but moderate quality, although
of good blood, and from them various herds were bred by their
enterprising owners with acceptable pedigrees, which found a record
in the Herd Book when once established.

There were in those early days occasional animals of wonderful
quality, with whose history we have become familiar; but such
remarkable ones did not abound in every herd, nor were their excel-
lences so conspicuous as to give them wide notoriety in the annals of
their day. Some of the earlier American importations from England
were from the herds of the Collings, Mason, Wetherell, Maynard, and
other distinguished breeders of the best cattle of the time; and also
from several other reputable breeders known to possess blood of ex-
cellent quality derived from the ancient well-bred stocks. A very im-
portant item, however, entered into these earlier importations: they
had to be obtained at prices within the limits which the buyers
dared venture on a race of cattle whose success was as yet but an ex-
periment in this country. As a consequence the costliest ones were
not purchased and brought to America, but useful, good animals
of approved blood and pedigrees, such as would stamp their better
qualities on the common classes of our native stock, and satisfac-
torily propagate their kind with each other. These animals were,
no doubt, a full average in quality to the stocks of the reputable
Short-horn breeders in England at the times they were imported.
Favorites, Comets, and their like, were then not common there. Nor
have bulls of the very highest distinction, been common there since;
but we venture the assertion that there have been as good bulls bred
both in England and America since their day as was even Comet;
yet Dukes of Northumberland and Commanders-in-Chief, in all their
striking perfections, may only crop out once in a series of years,
while many others equally meritorious in all essential qualities may
be, and are produced now-a-days, both in England and America
during every successive year.

Although some excellent, even extraordinarily good Short-horns had
been imported from time to time into America from England among

246 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

the earlier ones, their produce have been improving ever since with
the American breeders. We venture the assertion that our American
average is fully equal in their general qualities to the English.
Those of forty, or even thirty years ago, as a rule, were inferior to
what they are now. We remember many of the imported ones, and
their looks are yet as familiar to our mind, as they were to our eye
at the time we saw them. Their Zand/ing was less elastic; although
their heads and necks were good, their chests were not so broad and
deep; their shoulders less expanded and smooth; their crops more
depressed, and they exhibited a less full and graceful outline gen-
erally. Their defects were more striking, and what should comprise
their chief excellences were not so fully developed as now. We
might name sundry animals, bulls and cows, with which we were
familiarly acquainted, winning first prizes in the annual exhibitions of
Agricultural Societies, twenty-five years ago, which no owner of such
as they would now venture to lead into a show ring; and still, de-
scendants of those animals at the present time take the highest honors;
but they do so with fresher and costlier strains of blood in their
veins, and by a more skillful attention being paid to their breeding
than formerly. Our American breeders have within the past thirty
years acquired more skill in the propagation of their herds, and as a
consequence improved their stock in a corresponding degree. They are
better judges of the qualities of animals than were the breeders of fifty,
forty, or even less years ago; yet the older breeders were deserving
great credit for their efforts, for they had it all to learn, while their suc-
cessors have had the benefit of their experience and judgment, so far
as they had acquired it. Added to these advantages, the later breed-
ers have, with a wise foresight, opened their purses and bought animals
at prices which in the days of the earlier ones would have been
deemed ruinous, so far as any returns for their outlays could be
expected. Such, also, has been the experience in England. Although
Comet brought $5,000 at Charles Colling’s sale in the year 1810, bulls
and heifers equally thorough-bred and begotten by his own sire,
sold for less than a fourth of his price. ‘The price paid for Comet
was said all over England to be extravagant, and such a sum for a
bull was never again reached, so far as we can find, until more than
forty years later, when Mr. Thorne, of New York, bought Grand Duke,
and 2d Grand Duke, descendants of Comet, at the same bold, and as
then considered, exhorbitant prices. One or more bulls have since
been sold in England for Australia at still higher figures ($7,500 for
one, if we recollect aright), while some remarkable cows have been

LATER IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHORT-HORNS. 247

purchased at prices of about $5,000 or more each, to come to
America, or go to Australia.

In these enumerations we do not mention the fabulous sums—much
higher than either of those we have mentioned—which Mr. Bates is
said to have refused for his Duke of Northumberland, as he had
many times declared that no price from any other party would obtain
him. ‘Three to even six thousand dollars each have been paid by
American breeders for several American-bred bulls, mainly, or par-
tially of the same blood as those above mentioned.

Still, pedigree has not altogether made those prices. The animals
so sold have possessed the highest excellence of quality, superadded.
The excellence endorsed the pedigree, and the pedigree endorsed the excel-
lence. Such mutualities of character make up the maximum of worth
in all blood animals whatever, where the highest points of perfection
are sought, or found. Another item should be understood when
naming the prices of such animals: ¢here 7s a FASHION in their blood.
No matter whether the fashion give such vea/ increased value or not.
When men take a fancy to a thing, be it,Short-horn, Horse, or any-
thing else, if their purses can afford it, they are quite apt to indulge
in the luxury of its possession. We could name animals, were we so
disposed, which thirty years ago one would pass, without notice,
only that they were Short-horns, yet descended from imported ani-
mals, with good pedigrees, so run down by neglect as to /ook not
worth a hundred dollars each. But taken in hand by good breeders,
and crossing first-class bulls on them and their produce, in two or
three generations they were raised to rank in show competitions with
some of the costliest of recent importations. The purchasers of
those neglected and inferior animals saw in their pedigrees that good
blood was there, and believing in the integrity of good pedigree to rest
upon, and that proper care and keep would restore the excellence that
ought to be in the creature, they applied the means, and succeeded.

The fact that our American, as well as the current English herds,
have been improved within the last forty or fifty years, to a higher
standard of average excellence than they ever before approached,
has been questioned by those who say the Short-horns, as a race, are
no better than they were in the days of the Collings or Maynard,
the elder Booth or Mason. That the old breeders had some remark-
ably good animals in their herds there can be no doubt; but all the
testimony we have found has shown a continuous improvement from
their days down to the present; and in the history we have of their
herds from other breeders of the time when the points of their

248 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

animals were closely criticised, their defécts were such as would exclude
most of them from a modern English or American prize-ring. That
the American Short-horns ave constantly improved in excellence
within the last thirty years, and that the average quality of our herds,
where skill and care have been bestowed upon them, is now higher
than at any previous period, is a fact beyond contradiction in the
judgment of accurate observers.

THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES—THEIR TITLES TO RECORD IN THE
HERD Books.

In our history of the English Herd Book we have learned how
its pedigrees were originally gathered and admitted to record. We
have seen, too, the lack of certainty attending the genealogy of
many animals therein registered. ‘The histories and pedigrees of
known animals recorded in the first volume, of the year 1822, had
been accumulating in the written memoranda, and also in the mem-
ories of men, (a good deal of the latter by tradition only,) for more
than eighty years.

It is not necessary to repeat the circumstances under which the
early pedigrees were admitted into the first Herd Book, nor that the
same course of admission was pursued in the succeeding volumes
edited by the Coateses, father and son, for the next twenty-two years,
until 1844, when the labors of the son terminated with the close of
the fifth volume. Down to the latter time the five volumes comprised
a large majority, probably, of the pedigrees of the British breeders,
and in addition to them many American pedigrees which their breed-
ers had transmitted across the ocean for record. Yet it must be
known that a considerable number of American breeders who had
just as well bred cattle at home, and with just as good pedigrees as
many that were transmitted to the Herd Book, did not send their
pedigrees forward, and as a consequence they were not recorded
in the English volumes. The rule of admission adopted by the
Coateses appear to have been that any animals showing a reasonable
evidence of descent from good Short-horn blood were entitled to
record in the same manner that blooded horses were admitted to the
“Stud Book;” that is, showing a large preponderance of thorough
breeding without a known infusion of baser or foreign blood in their
veins. Yet there were some exceptions to this rule, as we have seen;
still in the contrarieties of opinion—some of that opinion based on
certain knowledge, and some of it not—as well as in the different

THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 249

private interests and partisan feeling which existed among many of
the breeders, and partialities in favor of particular strains of blood,
and equal prejudices against others, perhaps hardly a single breeder
could be found who would say that the Herd Book was correct in al/
the particulars of its pedigrees. There were fault-finders then, as
well as now, and some who would be content with nothing which did
not comport with ‘heir own ideas of positive correctness. Amid
such contrariety of opinion, therefore, the only conclusion could be
to accept the records as mainly correct, each contributor being satis-
fied in his own mind that A7s own pedigrees were quite as good, if
not better than the average of his neighbors.

The fact may be also understood that the first Herd Book con-
tained only a small minority of the well-bred cattle which had existed
for the past fifty years; neither did it embrace anything like the full
number of well-bred Short-horns alive at the time of its publication.
For instance: Charles Colling had but 59 of all the animals he ever
bred recorded in it, although in his thirty years of breeding he had
probably bred and sold some hundreds of thorough-breds, and left
breeding twelve years before the book was printed. Robert Colling,
who bred cattle down to two years of its publication had only 93 of
all his extensive herds recorded. The three Booths, Thomas, John
and Richard —father and sons—then in the full career of their
breeding, had but 52; Major Bower had 56; Mr. Coates had 42;
Mr. Compton had 19; Mr. Currier 20; Mr. Donkin 15; Mr. Earn-
shaw 18; Mr. Gibson 47; Mr. Hutchinson, of Stockton, 54; Sir
Henry Carr Ibbetson 28; the two Joblings 30; Mr. Mason 77; the
three Maynards 15; Col. Mellish 30; Mr. Ostler 18; Mr. Parker 20;
Mr. Parrington 15; Mr. Robertson 23; Major Rudd 35; Mr. Sey-
mour 18; Mr. Simpson 60; Mr. Smith 44; Mr. Spoors 25; Sir Henry
Vane Tempest 13; Mr. Chesterfield 27; Col. Trotter 38; Mr. Wailes
15; Mr. Wetherell 45; Mr. Whittaker 46; Mr. Wright 35; d@zss
Wright 35; and they comprised the chief contributors of pedigrees,
and were all old breeders. The remainder of pedigrees which the
book contained were contributed by the smaller breeders, besides
very many animals known by name and tradition only, with no breed-
er’s or owner’s name appended to them. Such a record, with much
of it so loosely made up, would be utterly condemned at the present
day by some who suppose that a well-bred Short-horn should carry
its pedigree back for centuries; but others who know that a geneal-
ogy among brute animals must begin at sometime “when the memory
of man runneth not to the contrary,” will be content to accept the

250 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

dates and pedigrees of the Short-horns as they stand in Coates’ five
volumes, and there leave them.

It may be supposed that the several men engaged in breeding had
sold during the anterior years of their labors a large number of well-
bred Short-horns, which had not found their way into the first, nor
afterwards into either the second or third volumes of the Herd Book;
but many of them, and the produce of two or three of their descend-

ing generations, may have come into the fourth and fifth, which in the
year 1844, at the end of twenty-two years from the publication of the
first, embraced an addition of 3,802 bulls, and full as many cows, thus
gathering during the last seven years since volume three was printed
a large majority of the well-bred Short-horns of England, Scotland
and Ireland, entitled to record, besides many additional American
pedigrees beyond what were recorded in the previous books.

The fourth volume, containing only bulls, like the first, second and
third, had many animals by name simply, some with only a sire,
others with but a single sire and dam; many more with not over two
or three known crosses, and a large number of them without notice
by whom they were bred, or when they were born—whether in the
last century or the present—thus gathering the known animals of the
race under one legitimate fountain-head where their future pro-
duce could be traced into a common genealogy of blood, whether
that blood could be definitely traced further back into pure sources,
or not. In this general “consolidation”—to use a comprehensive
phrase of the present day—the British Short-horn public at large
acquiesced and were satisfied. With a very: few noted exceptions,
everything recorded there was considered by the general consent of
English breeders a “ Herd Book Short-horn,” and as such, its pro-
duce was entitled to record in any and every future Herd Book
which should be anywhere published.

To an antiquarian in Short-horn genealogy the above summary
may seem to arrive at both a sweeping and arbitrary conclusion.
Yet the breeding world of Great Britain sustained it, and followed
out their own pedigrees in pursuance of the then established records
from which there has been little or no appeal; or if appeal were
made it was only in personal complaints, to which the breeding pub-
lic paid no particular attention, falling back on the. Herd Book
record, after all, as the standard of blood and genealogy, there being
no appellate court to set the records aside.

The sixth volume of the Herd Book, under Mr. Strafford’s com-
pilation, followed the fifth volume of Coates’ within the next two

LE OUALLTIES OF PEDIGREES: 251

years, in 1846, and under the same order and system of record the
successive volumes have continued at intervals of about two years
down to the nineteenth, issued in 1871. Yet the zon-pedigreed
animals became fewer as time progressed; but short pedigrees, with
only two, three, or four crosses have been continued down and even
into the last volume. A word as to why these short pedigrees have
been, and also may in future volumes be so continued. It is well
known in England, and ought to be as well known in America, that
many herds of well-bred Short-horns exist at the present day in
Britain, the owners of which have never kept wr?¢ten records of their
breeding, and whose pedigrees have never found their way into the
Herd Books. We give an instance: When Mr. John R. Page, the
well-known American cattle artist, was in England a few years ago,
looking over Mr. T. C. Booth’s herd with him one day in their pas-
ture, he remarked somewhat on the short pedigrees to some‘ of the
cattle which Mr. Booth, as well as other breeders of celebrity had
in their herds. “Look out on yonder field,” said Mr. Booth, point-
ing to a broad pasture on a hill some half a mile distant where
were grazing a fine herd of Short-horns; “do you see those cattle?”
“T do,” answered Mr. Page. “Well, sir, the owner of that herd
is an old dairyman and stock raiser. I have known him, his herd
and their history, from my boyhood. His father bred the progeni-
tors of that herd, which were good Short-horns in the days of my
grandfather, Thomas Booth, in the year 1780, and the cows have
been bred from that day to the present time to bulls belonging to
him, my own father, my uncle Richard, and myself. Why are they
not good Short-horns, although a pedigree beyond two or three
crosses cannot be traced among them?” Mr. A. B. Allen, of New
York, related to us that when in England in the year 1841, he saw
several herds of good Short-horns, which had been long bred in the
same manner to noted bulls of other breeders.

We do not give the above relations to excuse the neglect of
recording pedigrees, or to justify short pedigrees which cannot be
traced into ¢horough-bred Herd Book parents on both sides; but as a
fact showing that there are men in England who are as careful in
the blood of their cattle bred only for economical uses as those who
rear their stock for the sale of pedigree animals alone; but not breed-
ing for the latter purpose they pay no attention to recording their
cattle in the Herd Book. And this may account for many of the
short pedigrees of the present day in some English herds, together
with many which have been imported to the United States within

262 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS,

the last forty or fifty years, with little or no pedigree at all attached
to them.

The above explanations have appeared to be necessary in order to
understand the exact condition of the English Herd Book, and the
principles on which it was founded.

THE PEDIGREES OF THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK.

Assuming the necessity of a Herd Book on this side the Atlantic,
there could be no other plan so well adopted for its compilation as
that of the English. To the records of the latter the Americans
must resort for the lineage of all their pedigrees tracing to animals
which found a place in it. In addition to that, Short-horns imported
from England to America, together with their descendants, whether
recorded in the English volumes or not, wth equal evidences of good
breeding as very many others which were recorded in their pages, had
equally good title to enter the American books, particularly when
many of their contemporaries had already found a record there.

As has been observed, the year 1844 closed the labors of the
Coateses with the fifth volume of the English work, and the several
books down to that time contained many pedigrees of American
cattle. In the year 1846 the first small volume of the American,
and the sixth volume of the English, under Mr. Strafford, were simul-
taneously published, but neither of them, we believe, known to the
compiler of the other, at the time. Of course the two books, or
their editors, had no relations with each other. The American was
an independent work altogether. Its sole object was to establish
a record for American-bred animals, without interference with either
the past or the future English records, yet upon the same basis of
admission.

Questions had arisen among the American breeders as to what
bloods, tribes, or pedigrees ought to be admitted into an American
book in the event of one being published, for even in the early days
of our Short-horn breeding some partisan feeling had arisen as to
what pedigrees were or what were not entitled to a record as well-
bred Short-horns. About the year 1840, or soon afterwards, as we
have learned, the principal Kentucky breeders came to a resolu-
tion to get up an American Herd Book, and Capt. Benjamin Warfield,
of Fayette, now deceased, together with Dr. Samuel D. Martin, of
Clark, and Mr. Robert W. Scott, of Franklin counties—the two last
named gentlemen still living—were appointed a committee to receive

THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 253

pedigrees, examine and decide upon their merits and compile the
records. Many pedigrees were sent to them; they had several meet-
ings on the subject, but after much consideration the whole matter
was indefinitely postponed, and nothing came of it. Nor was it
likely that any other committee would arrive at any definite conclu-
sions, particularly when conflicting opinions, and possibly interests in
the way of blood and pedigrees would interfere. Thus the way was
left open to individual enterprise, and insignificant as its first effort
promised, the opportunity was ventured.

Opposing questions, if such existed, relating to the authenticity of
the pedigrees to be admitted to its pages did not enter into the com-
pilation of the first volume, although many of the elder breeders in
several States were consulted. But when the second volume was
about to be issued, questions were addressed to them, and the gist of
their opinions seemed to be reached in a letter from the late Rev. Dr.
Breckenridge, of Danville, Ky., who, aside from his professional
labors, was a veteran breeder of Short-horns and other improved
stock in Kentucky, to the editor, in which he remarked:

“T think you act wisely in accepting all pedigrees which run
back into the English Herd Books; for, right or wrong, that is the
fountain of the genealogy of the race at present. But, having taken
that apparently inevitable step, it seems to be impossible to refuse to
take the next, necessitated by that one, namely, to accept all Ameri-
can pedigrees as good as the average pedigrees of the English Herd
Book. These two principles cover the whole ground; and all the
rest is merely a question of ¢vwth in the alleged pedigrees, concern-
ing which, unless the contrary appears, you cannot well avoid recog-
nizing the truth of pedigrees that on their face appear to be true.

“ After all, a Herd Book is but a record office. It can neither settle
the guality nor the “##Ze of the estate admitted to record.”

These remarks, so full of sound logic and good sense, were adopted
by the editor, and pedigrees admitted to the English Herd Book were
taken as a standard for the future records of the American work.

Looking at the condition of the American herds and their pedi-
grees, let us see how they stood. The early Kentucky and Ohio Short-
horn herds had been chiefly founded, first on the Gough or Goff and
Miller, or Patton stock, and afterwards commingled with the Sanders
importation of 1817, all of them without known pedigrees, as no
English Herd Book had then been published; but the 1817’s were
certified in their bills of purchase to be well-bred Short-horns. Many
of the female produce of these herds, after the year 1826, were bred

254 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

to recorded bulls from the imported herds of Colonel Powel and
others, from the Eastern States, and the pedigrees of many of
their progeny had been accepted and recorded in the fourth and fifth
volumes of the English Herd Book, together with some of the orig-
inals from which they sprung. That there may be no misunderstand-
ing of the matter we give a list of some of the bulls of the Patton
and 1817 stocks and other originally zon-pedigreed ones recorded
there, to which we might add an equal or larger number of cows of
like quality and pedigree also recorded. They are as follows, the -
numbers of the bulls attached. The words after the numbers are
our own:

Florian (6018), bred by C. N. Bement, Albany, N. Y., running back
to the Cox importation of 1816.

Paul Jones (4661), got by San Martin (2599), out of Mrs. Motte,
Ky. imp. 1817.

Tecumseh (5409), was of the Ky. imp. of 1817, by Col. Sanders.

San Martin (2599), Ky. imp. 1817, by Col. Sanders.

Corwin (3500), bred by M. L. Sullivant, ending in imp. dam Flora,
bred by Mr. Mason, of Chilton.

Embassador (3711), a Hereford bull, imported by Henry Clay
into Kentucky in the year 1816.

Rising Sun (6386), a Long-horn bull, imported by Col. Sanders
into Kentucky in 1817.

Independence (4070), got by Ajax (2944), no dam, bred by Gen.
Van Rensselaer, Albany, N. Y., although known to be descended
from imp. Pansy, by Blaize (76), etc.

Shannon (5111), ending in Flora, same as Corwin, above.

Buzzard (3253), of the Gough and Miller Virginia importation in
the year 1785, or soon afterwards.

Charles (3344), of Ky. imp. 1817, ending in Buzzard (3253).

Chieftain (3369), ending in the Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Clarke (3394), ending in the Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Fantastical (3760), ending in Ky. imp. 1817.

Farmer (3763), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Goldfinder (3909), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Harrison (3979), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Kleber (4165), ending in a son of Rising Sun (6386), and the
Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Lannes (4182), ending in the Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Lofty (4245), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Major (4340), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 255

Mohawk (4492), by Tecumseh (5409), out of Mrs. Motte, both of
Ky. imp, 1817.

Mohican (4493), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Priam (4762), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Ranter (4781), ending in the Teeswater cow.

Rufus (5034), ending in the Teeswater cow

Sambo (5073), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Sir Henry (5158), ending in the Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Superior (5359), ending in same as Kleber (4165).

Andrew (5755), ending in Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Billy Button (5795), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Goldbud (6042), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817.

Indian Chief (6090), ending in Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817

Sultan (6552), ending in Buzzard (3253).

Winfield (6687), ending in Teeswater cow.

Wonder (6689), ending in Teeswater cow.

There are carpers knowing little of the subject, as we infer after
reading some of their criticisms, who profess to detect sundry grade
or spurious pedigrees in the American volumes, (a few cases of which
may possibly be so,) and besides them, condemn in one sweeping
clause the pedigrees of the descendants of the “Patton stock,” and
also those of the Kentucky importation of 1817, together with sundrv
others, of which they swow quite as little as they do of them.

Let us look somewhat into these animals and their asserted qual-
ities. The true blood of the Patton stock, we admit, is somewhat
cloudy in its origin. But we give the evidence of many of the
venerable leading breeders of past days, some of whom years
ago passed away, while others are still living. Among the de-
ceased were Col. Lewis Sanders, the importer of the 1817 stock; the
brothers Dr. Elisha and Capt. Benjamin Warfield, Capt. John Cun-
ningham, Mr. Walter Dun, Dr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, together
with Goy. Allen Trimble and Mr. George Renick, of Ohio. There
were others, also deceased, not now recollected. To these we add the
names of the venerables Robert W. Scott, Samuel D. Martin, Jere-
miah Duncan, Rev. John Allen Gano, Rev. R. T. Dillard, B. W.
and B. T. Dudley, Issacher Fisher, Micajah Burnett, of the United
Society of: Shakers at Pleasant Hill, together with Ithamer Johnson
and Peter Boyd, of the Society of Shakers, Union Village, Ohio, still
living. Several of the above named gentlemen, now dead, we per-
sonally knew years ago; some of the others yet alive we are well
acquainted with, and they who knew the animals, without difference

256 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

of opinion, have assured us that the early Patton bulls—Buzzard
(3253); Pluto, 825; Mars, 1850; and Shaker, 2193—taken into Ken-
tucky and Ohio, had the appearance and characteristics of Short-
horns, and good ones; while those of the well-known Kentucky
importation of 1817—bulls and cows alike—were, to all appearance,
true Short-horns, showing purity of blood, with the distinguishing
qualities of good breeding, which mark the race at the present day.
Yet these animals had no wrétten pedigrees, being sent out of Eng-
land years before a Herd Book was known in that country, and what
genealogy they had was only kept in the private notes or memoranda
of their breeders, or retained in their memories, or by tradition,
except that of the cow Mrs. Motte, whose pedigree has since
been traced in our previous account of the particulars of the 1817
importation.

We are not disposed to argue the question of the purity of Short-
horn descent in all or any one of these animals, nor of any others which
have come into the country claiming to be well-bred Short-horns, but
without certified pedigrees. We purpose to calmly and plainly state
facts, so far as we have been able to obtain them. We are aware that
of late there has grown up a prejudice against the blood of the above
named tribes of cattle—right or wrong, we do not decide, yet we
believe very much of that prejudice to be unfounded.

Let us state the case clearly. When the Patton bulls came into
Kentucky, although the blue-grass region at that early day had herds
of good native cattle, they were at once recognized as a superior
breed to any ever before seen in that locality, and were immediately
adopted and encouraged for use in breeding by the most sagacious
of the cattle breeders there. In course of time came the 1817 im-
portation of Col. Sanders. ‘They were represented as without taint
or blemish of outside blood in their compositions; as true Short-
horns from near the river Tees, the ancient, and then best known
home of the race. That was five years before the name of a public
Herd Book was known in that or any other country. ‘The enter-
prising cattle breeders of Kentucky at once adopted them, as well as
the Hereford bull Embassador, and the Long-horn bull Rising Sun,
which were both of good and ancient established breeds, and down
to the present day are held in high estimation in England. These
two bulls were not much used, the Short-horns having a decided
preference with the principal breeders, and after some crosses on the
Short-horns they soon run out, leaving but few visible traces of their
blood among them. ‘This course of breeding continued several

PE OULAL LE LES: OF PEDIGREES: 257

years, and until bulls were bought from Col. Powel, of Philadelphia,
who had begun his Short-horn importations in the year 1824, two
years after the first English Herd Book was issued, wherein the
pedigrees of his stock were recorded.

Philadelphia and Baltimore for many years had been the principal,
perhaps the only markets at which the Kentucky and central Ohio
breeders and drovers sold their best beef cattle, and they soon found
and saw the newly imported Short-horns. Ascertaining that some
of them were for sale, they wisely opened their purses and obtained
a few choice ones—bulls to cross upon their Patton and 1817 bloods,
and cows to rear from them younger and equally pure blooded ones
with which to perpetuate their stocks. From that time forward
the Kentucky, and such of the Ohio breeders as had adopted them,
throve apace with their herds, exhibited them at their domestic cattle
shows, took prizes in competition with each other, and sold their
surplus animals to their neighbors, and into other States, gave them
pedigrees, truly, no doubt, yet the great majority of them ending in
the “ Durham cow,” the “Teeswater cow,” “Mrs. Motte,” or with the
bulls Buzzard, Pluto, Mars, Shaker, of the Patton stock, with the other
names of San Martin (2599), Tecumseh (5409), Comet, and Prince
Regent (of 1817), occurring in more or less of the pedigrees.* Thus
the Patton, the Sanders importation of 1817, and the later Powel stocks
were all intermingled in the general class of Short-horns, and many
of their pedigrees sent over to the successive volumes of the English
Herd Book for record, where they were welcomed and published
without reserve or exception. Among them were frequent animals
(as related by several of the old breeders who have been mentioned)
which would pass creditably in most of the modern herds. Numer-
ous descendants of those stocks have been distinguished as prize
winners, even down to the present day, in some of the noted show-
rings of the Short-horn localities.

With the array of early animals without known pedigrees, both
imported, and American bred, which we find recorded in the Znglish
Herd Book, it legitimately follows that the breeders of them and their
produce were entitled to a continuation of such pedigrees in the
American record; and equally entitled to admission by the side of
them were like pedigrees of animals of other breeders, which had not
been sent to England for record. The proposition needs no argument.

*It is proper to state here that the pedigrees of the bulls Pluto, 825 ; Mars, 1850; Shaker, 2193;
Comet, 1382, and Prince Regent, 877, whose numbers are only in the American Herd Book, were
not publicly recorded until the 2d and 3d volumes of the latter were published.

17

258 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

There is still another class of imported non-pedigreed Short-horns,
or with but a single cross or two of pedigree attending them, which
need a like explanation, as the Pattons and 1817’s. From the year
1816, (in which the Cox importation into Rensselaer county, N. Y.,
was made,) and during later years, to 1830, sundry Short-horns were
brought over from England, to all appearance well bred, and so certi-
fied by the breeders’ certificates. Some of these and their produce
had also been recorded in the English Herd Book, and of course were
entitled to record in the American. Cox’s bull is (3513), E. H. B.

Yet a later class of non-pedigreed cows—or with only a single
cross or two attached—have been introduced, beginning in 1834,
with the first importation of the Ohio Company, and continued dur-
ing the two or three years of their subsequent arrivals. A few such
cows came out with other good pedigreed ones to Kentucky in
1837-9. Some others were also imported into several of the Eastern
States and there bred. ‘These short, and non-pedigreed ones, were
purchased of the same classes of breeders as were the pedigreed
cows, and some of them came over in the same ships with them.
They were, apparently, equally well bred, showed as well in quality,
and the buyers were assured by their English breeders of whom they
purchased them that they were thorough-bred Short-horns, although
they gave no wrdtten evidence of the fact. Wy the short, or non-
pedigreed cows were bought, when those having good pedigrees
could be readily obtained, it is now hard to say. But most of them
were accepted by our home breeders in their several localities, on
their arrival, as pure Short-horns, their produce have been recorded
in the Herd Books, and they stand unquestioned in public opinion
as well-bred animals. We do not name the cows alluded to, but
they and their produce can be readily found by referring to the
records. ‘The same state of facts apply to other cows which were
imported a dozen or fifteen years later into several States. On look-
ing at the circumstances attending these later non-pedigreed cows of
1834 to 1856, and the like circumstances attending the importations
of 1817 to 1830, twenty to thirty odd years earlier, and with equal
evidences of good breeding, we fail to discover the equity of reason-
ing which makes the produce of the later ones ¢horough-breds, and
leaves the produce of the earlier ones, with several additional and
equally good crosses in their veins, only grade animals! All the non-
pedigree classes we have named having been admitted to record
in the Lxglish Herd Book, they could not be excluded from the
American record without upsetting the entire system on which the

Tee QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 259

English work had been founded, conducted and sanctioned by the
Short-horn public in both hemispheres.

If later breeders objected to these pedigrees, or had little confi-
dence in the blood of the stock which the pedigrees represented,
they had only to let them alone, and select their stocks from others
more to their liking. It was no detriment to other preferred pedi-
grees that the objectionable ones were there. Their swfposed inferior
blood could not injure the better blood of others, recorded by the
side of them. The idea that an impure pedigree being recorded
in the Herd Book, makes it pure, is a fallacy of the sheerest kind.
Every pedigree rests on its own merits or demerits, and by such they
are to be judged.

In this discussion of the admission of past pedigrees in the Herd
Books, it is not to be inferred that impure-blooded animals, or grades
known and understood as such, should be admitted to record. We
simply say in conclusion of this particular topic, that the strains of
blood which have been admitted into the English Herd Book are
equally entitled to admission into the American. The breeder can
either include them in his selection or reject them, as his interests or
tastes may determine.

Having summed up at such length the situation of the Herd
Books, both English and American, and the question of their pedi-
grees, we may not have allayed a single prejudice against any tribes,
bloods, or strains of blood which may exist in the minds of any
breeders; nor have we wished to detract from the merits of others to
which they may be partial. We have only aimed to relate facts
which may enlighten doubting minds, and satisfy hesitating conclu-
sions as to certain bloods and genealogies. If we have made clear
matters which have heretofore been doubtful, our aim has been accom-
plished; if not, we can only regret that our labor has been in vain.

Fastidious critics may object to the remote taints of Hereford and
Long-horn blood which may be traced into some of the early Ken-
tucky pedigrees; but when it is recollected that both these breeds are
of ancient descent, and at the present day are highly esteemed in
England—preferred, even, in their own localities, to the Short-horns—
the 1-128th, 1-256th, 1-512th, or less fraction of these bloods in their
veins works no 7vrefaradle injury, any more than did the distant taint
of Charles Colling’s Galloway, or the imputed West Highland crosses
of nearly a century ago work a deadly objection to many English
Short-horns of their own time. We say this not as advocating these
ontside crosses; on the other hand we object to them; but being

260 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

adopted in the English Herd Book, which is our standard authority,
they cannot be consistently ruled out of the classification.

Another thing should be recollected by the breeders who claim
that their own herds are untainted by these remotely questionable
pedigrees. ‘Their own superior bulls and cows, as they term them,
find frequent and some of their best customers among the breeders
of the 1817 and other early non-pedigreed imported stocks, and there
need exist no jealousy on the part of the untainted pedigree breeders
that their own bloods are to be cheapened by reason of the others
being tolerated. ‘There is room and scope for all in our broad and
rapidly developing country, and so long as individual choice in bloods
and pedigrees is open to the public, sapertor merit, both in pedi-
gree and quality, will assert its claims in the judgment of all who
have an eye to the improvement of their stocks.

If it be objected against those far-away slightly tainted stocks
that they (as may possibly be the case) throw out an occasional
progeny betraying the foreign blood, let it be also understood that
an occasional defective product of even the most approved tribes
is also witnessed. It is simply nonsense to assert that even the best
of blood will, in every individual instance, breed its own like in its
descendants. Animal nature is always exceptional, more or less, in
the production of its kind, from humanity itself, down to the lowest
grades of domesticated things, and we must submit to results as we
find them, doing the best we can, meanwhile, by proper means and
care, to promote the most successful issues to our labors. =

NOTES ON BREEDING.

After the exhaustive, and possibly tiresome historical matter we
have recorded, the reader and breeder will hardly expect from us an
essay on the proper breeding of Short-horns as a basis of instruction
to further efforts in the improvement of his stock. Numerous essays
have been written, various in theory and opinion—some wisely, and
some not—which have been studied by thoughtful physiologists and
breeders, frequently with profit,and sometimes without. Our own
ideas on this important subject have been given in a work lately
issued from the press, entitled “ AMERICAN CATTLE, THEIR HisvTory,
BREEDING, AND MANAGEMENT,” which can be obtained at almost any
of the book collections of the agricultural papers in the country.
We have little, if anything, to say in addition to what has been
written there, and to that work we refer the inquirer, if he wishes

NOTES ON BREEDING. 261

to investigate the subject further than what his own previous read-
ing and observation have already done.

The disposition of almost every Short-horn breeder to record his
pedigrees in the Herd Book is a testimony of the importance which
he concedes to it. He there finds the records of animals by name
and pedigree, which public opinion has decided to be of the highest
standards of blood and excellence thus far attained, and his own
observation (if he has kept up with the progress of the race) must
have educated him to know what a good animal should be. If in all
these he has yet formed no ideas of guidance for a further improve-
ment in his herd, we fail to know how he can be instructed. If he
decide to proceed on the “in-and-in system,” (breeding closely together
those which are of the same family blood,) he must be cautious in the
choice of animals which it may be safe to couple with each other—
wise if rightly done, but hazardous if not; or, if out-and-out (breed-
ing with such animals as are not close of kin) be his choice, equal
care and consideration must be given that their style, figure, and con-
formation be such as to blend their good qualities, and exclude the
bad, if either one possess them.

A large majority of the American Short-horn breeders, now that
the race has been generally adopted as the best and most profitable
for flesh-producing purposes, (not only in their fullness of blood, but as
instruments for improving the lower orders of our native stock to
the most profitable development,) propagate their animals mainly
for that object, apparently regardless of the milking faculty of the
cow, as the dairy product forms little or no part of the revenue
expected from her. Yet, it has been seen in the progress of our
history, that the Short-horn, from the earliest account we have of
her, has been a good milker, and that quality was fostered by most
of the early breeders of which we have an account, and is still
encouraged in her use by such as esteem it of any considerable im-
portance. The dairy quality may be partially bred out, if the breeder
so desire it, or equally well retained if he so wish it, by the use of
bulls descended from cows of like tendencies. It is only for him to
choose which course to pursue, and in so doing he need not forget, in
view of the examples we have recorded, and his own observation also,
that after having done her full duty in breeding, and at the pail, she
fulfills her destiny in a profitable carcass at the shambles. He must
remember, however, that the cow cannot well carry a full carcass of
flesh while yielding generous flows of milk to the dairy, and conse-
quently will show less attractively to the eye than one giving little or

262 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.

no milk in the plenitude of good pasturage, or stall-feeding. But her
produce will show equally well, with the same care and keeping, (if
that produce be devoted solely to flesh purposes,) as the progeny of
the other and fleshier one.

In a past notice we have tried to give the points of a perfect Short-
horn; and the nearer an animal approaches perfection in its anatomy,
the more valuable it is for flesh-producing purposes, as such anatomy
yields the best product in the choicer parts of the carcass, and of
course more profitable to the seller and consumer. Therefore the
nearer perfection a breeding bull approaches in his various points,
the more valuable he is as a getter. For such a bull, to the breeder
of grade stock for the shambles only, it is more economical to pay
a round price than to take a defective one at a much lower price, or
even asa gift. Such is the reason why experienced breeders some-
times pay enormous prices for extraordinarily good bulls, as we have
known; not that such bulls are to be used on native or low-bred cows
for grade breeding, but that on good thorough-bred cows they beget
a much higher class of bulls than are usually sought for more
common uses. It is, therefore, an object for any breeder, and for
whatever purpose, to command as good blood in the bulls of his herd
as circumstances will admit.

Let continuous improvement in Jlood, quality, and style of his ani-
mals be the aim of every breeder, and never for any trivial purpose
lose sight of it. The new breeder in selecting the females to compose:
his herd, if he have a preference for any particular strain of blood,
should determine which he will adopt, and then obtaining the best
selections he can from them go on persistently in breeding, still bear-
-ing in mind that wnéformity in the characters of his herd, when coupled
with true excellence, is a great merit, giving conspicuity and reputation
to the breeder, and of course, a superior selling value to his animals.
A herd so established, in the present convenient ways of locomotion
through our country, need not suffer from the evils—if men so
think—of too close interbreeding. There are bulls enough, mainly
of the same blood and lineage, scattered over the Short-horn districts
of the United States and Canadas, to give fresh crosses in every
herd of their own tribes when such crosses become necessary.

Quality and pedigree both, should go together; each endorse the
virtues of the other. Yet, even defect in the guadity of a bull may be
remedied by the superior excellences of his pedigree, when that ped-
igree has run through some previous generations of marked distinction.
Among many bulls which, without any noticeable characteristics of

NOTES ON BREEDING. 263

superior quality in themselves, have proved remarkably good getters,
may be named Robert Colling’s Lancaster (360), white, calved in
1814; and Thomas Bates’ Short Tail (2621), red and white, calved
in 1824; both small and inferior ooking bulls, yet they begat many
among the best animals of their day. We mention these not to give
any preference to their particular bloods, or families, but because
they were comparatively mean in appearance. Others and: parallel
instances of the kind may occur to the recollection of the reader.

THOROUGH-BREDS—FULL-BLOODS.

The above terms have been frequently applied, for many years
past, among the Short-horn breeders of the Mississippi valley, to
designate a difference in the bloods of Short-horns—‘“thorough-
breds”” meaning such animals as run their pedigrees back into the
Herd Books without taint of known other blood; while “full-bloods”’
mean such pedigrees as run back through many Herd Book crosses
into wzknown lineage. We consider the term “full-blood,” thus used,
as simply conventional with those applying it. Zhorough-bred and
full-blood are identical in meaning, if language has any signification.
Thorough means full, and full means thorough, according to the
dictionaries. The manner in which the terms have been used is
erroneous, and the practice of it only confuses the inexperienced
breeder, is of no service to the matured one, and should be discon-
tinued. If a convention of Short-horn breeders, representing @// the
different sentiments and opinions which prevail relating to bloods
and pedigrees could declare, through wanimity of opinion, at what
fraction of outside or foreign blood, a pedigree should be admitted to,
or excluded from a Herd Book record, an important point might be
gained; but until such decision can be made, “thorough-bred” and
“full-blood” may mean something, or nothing, in the way of distinc-
tion, as those who use the terms may decide. The entire pedigree of
the animal in question, so far as ascertainable, is the only proof of
breeding, and that must be determined by the Herd Book, if no better
record can be found.

We here conclude our historical labors. Much collateral matter
has, of necessity, been introduced as explanatory to incidents and
facts which would appear uncertain or doubtful without it. Much
more than has been gathered into these pages we might have written
relating to sundry animals in many of the English, as well as our

264 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS,

American herds, but which, had we done so, although it might gratify
curiosity, would not change any individual opinions which may exist
touching either the merits of their blood, or the authenticity of their
pedigrees.

So long as select breeding in any race of animals is followed there
will be preferences for particular bloods, tribes and individual animals,
with their different strains of genealogy, over others; and there will
be more or less party spirit betrayed in discussions which may arise
regarding them. No individual judgment can definitely settle those
disputed questions, and merit or demerit will have its award mainly
in private opinion rather than through acquiescence in any public de-
cision, even if such decision should be attempted; and if attempted,
would be simply impossible.

Page
Agriculture in England—Early Authors,.. 17
PANEL TO RMA GOW cals, ga. uaiefsoarchejetsfejsrs- sicjciaivie 54
Alloy of the Galloway, bred by Charles
irre erst alelocre. eas. shoei sidssle(niatcrniaye 65-68
PAN COMPO LO sa eyars oi cletela\aiercinies<lals'eicie's/e\<i<icjere 149
American Short-horns — Their History— 155
Their Improvement, .................-- 244

. American Pedigrees in English Herd Book, 254

Blsmotudleva DULL css. .co.c1c casts scieisis.cies 28
J. Brown’s red bull, ......... aadone 29
Other noted early bulls, ........... 30
RUD Dac Kapaeetectteictlstctalalcicjsiescctae)s 36
GN aa Dewees cists istele cicielcieecislais.aicie 43
Bolingbroke, Favorite, Comet,..... 44
OLE eres sei. er iatsls(c(c\sleieiaveisis ofeisiess 127

Bakewell, Robert, as a stock-breeder,.... 33

eur NO UATELENIY vs ci cialcisiausieict) /ejcisieieieiel is 61

Bell’s (Thomas) Short-horn History,...... 118

Breeding, Charles Colling’s mode of,..... 46
Robert Colling’s mode of,.......... 53

Booth family, as Short-horn breeders—

Career during three generations,...... Q5-117

Bates, Thomas, his early life, cattle breed-

MPeauG) WistOx yes cre<:<:2\+\g 2/0116 118-147
IDI ea Rating GRO B Ce OOrDEe 138
SEUS G7 WEINER) nA nheSAgecoeaode CHG 138

Did he improve the Short-horns,... 144
Breckenridge’s (Rev. R. J.) opinion of

BE AISTOCS acters ceiceloie)se as cis a¥etnia/a\s, 51s 253
rEEGIN f= NOLES) ON sais) afoosia.o.<.s'2:0 2,0 cic s,eeiaie oe 260
Cow on Durham Cathedral,............. 20-21
Ghillingham wild Cattle, . 2.22.2: ....020. 24
Colling, Robert and Charles,............. 31

Cows, The Stanwick, or original Duchess, 41
Lady Maynard and Y. Strawberry,. 42

PCa cata tre tasers cisions eens mreiscetojsvercies> 44
Pau chtones nice vceccicieiccsccrc tee es 57
Duchess, by Daisy bull}..-.....<.3. 123
PDUGHESS) ISH seis cess else wewis.e<jsie'4e's 123
IDFA TERS EVN eco obdocecognseCOnOede 128
Wa tebe Cowsew cele ie -ecdicic cie'« sie oie 129

High prices paid for in early days,.. 150
MAS Miilkerss coca ciemiccls sa cissicerelaie's 215

Page
Colling’s (Charles) Sale in 1812,.......... 69-76
Colling’s (Robert) Sale in 1818 and 1820,..77--92
Collings’ Cattle Improvement,............ 93
Colors of Short-horn noses, ............-. 218
Colors of Short-horn hair,................ 219
Carr’s (of Stackhouse) History of the Booth
Short=horns};.aciste sche see cece rene 95-117
ColoriofeBateswherds ener esas aes 134
Danish Invasions of Northumbria,....... 15
Danish Cattle taken to Northumbria,..... 15
Dutch Cattle said to be introduced into
on glan dies ss ciersttslaie cin asye see eevsine eae 24
Duke of Northumberland a cattle-breeder, 24
IDI ENNOh sé Gand cuguidesdandueuanneeoroosas 51
Diuchessplri bevel cece sen awe crciee 125-131
Dircrers| (hord)ioalemsssese ee eee eee 141

English People—Their early condition,... 16
Earliest known Short-horn Breeders, ....24-26
Early Colors and Appearance of the Cattle, 27
Elder Short-horn Breeders, ....... ...... 148
Etches, J. C., selected Cattle in England, 165
Exportations of Short-horns to England, 222
English Short-horns—Late Improvement, 244

Bopgathorpe Dribes.. eases ce reieeceie cic 133
Bulleblocds seers sce ese eects 263
George III. a Short-horn Breeder,........ 33
Galloway Grandson of Bolingbroke, ...... 61
Gough (or Goff) and Miller Importations, 156
EMIS tOmyanirs tebe exlOd series raioreieicisierere terse 13-18

Secondpbenodeassesenrmcceeierccte 18-27
Verdes ook. pene lish cetera lcteletersielcicts 231-239

AIM eNICa Newer tcielvelelscitee eters 240-243

PAM eterate aiaisejaiciovala stele! “e-ctevesciavelelapeiaws aie cisyere 23
Inplatervearsy cs ce se serela ee -244-254
Improvers in Breeding—The Collings, 56-61-93
Importations of 1815 and 1816, ............ 160
Importations of 1817 to Kentucky, ........ 161
Importations of 1817 to 1830 by various
PALEIES Sercjelele cisieo\execis.s) Cesicivieieietetaiaiels 172-177

266 INDEX.

Page

Importations of 1833 to 1840, by various
PATELES irstanrne tues eyes terion ae reas tan venearts 178-188

Importations of 1849 to 1871, by various
PATLLES ere neta Te eee 193-212
Importations into Canada,............ 212-214
Killerby Short-horns—Booth, ............ 108
Kirkleavington described,.............- . 124
MatchemiCowrteparercerctjae ccmicecer 129
Masons Christophers merc -eeccie esto tee: 148
Millers Importationsaiaee. years 156
OxtfordiinibeNasmarnasto es te esc 130-132
Perfect Short-horn described, ...........- 225
Redignees ses yan eniuie iaereiieeies ntsc 230
Pureyshort-hornsyae. sete cisco: 230-235
PedigreesssEnglish ese erin acceler 235
English, their qualities, etc., ....... 248
In American Herd Book,........... 252
Diagram feces reels 49-50

In Vols. 4 and 5, English Herd Book, 254

X 139

Pedigrees, American authorities for,......

WAIDSen CEROL Musee eet Gpeiete sete eee
Patton Stock a acawiaseiouece reece
ReduiRosei bribery ie ener an reenrs
Short-horns, Early characteristics of,.....

As a flesh-producing animal, .......
Storer on Colling’s Breeding,.............
Studley Short-horns—Booths,............
Sanders’ (Col. Lewis) importation of 1817,

Produce ofr mimen eyecare yaaee
Short-horns imported without pedigrees,..
Meeswater:Cattlesstoetitiee posuere
Thorough-breds,......... CH Pee aN ees ee
White Heifer that Traveled,........ .....
Watrlaby Herd—Booth, sts issess00.. 2.
Wraterloombribes au saserescnseereeioee ie
WalduByesiaribeNss me scpcicetone eee
Viouattisi@attlesHistony, ve nerecci-eetecies

47
102

161

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