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M.  U  f 

Gc 

978.3 

H62 

1281088 


GENEALOGY  COLLECTION 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01066  6961 


HISTORY 


OF 


Southeastern  Dakota 


Its  Settlement  and  Growth, 


Geological  and  Physical  Features — Counties.  Cities 

Towns  and  Villages — Incidents  of  Pioneei"  Life 

— Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Pioneei's 

and  Business  Men, 

WITH  A  BRIEF 

Outline  History  of  the  Territory  in  General 


"Therefore  I  hopp,  as  no  unwelcome  guest, 

At  your  warm  fireside,  when  the  lamps  are  lighted, 

To  have  my  place  reserved  am mg-  the  rest. 

Nor  stand  as  one  unsought  ana  uninvited!" 

—liongje^iyw. 


SIOUX  CITY    IOWA: 

WeSTEBN  PtTBLISHING  COMPANY. 

1881. 


PERKINS  BROS. 

t-^-  Steam  Book  and  Job  Prinicis 
\  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  / 


\ 


^JhSf^t 


\ 281G88 
CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

History  of  Dakota 10 

Federal  Officers 28 

Members  of  Legislative  Assembly  29 

The  Census  of  1880 32 

Present  Population  (estimated)..  33 

Organized  Counties  of  Dakota 35 

The  James  Eiver  Valley 3.5 

Dakota's  Claims  to  Statehood 37 

History  of  Southeastern  Dakota 41 

The  Sioux  Falls  Settlement 41 

The  "Provisional  Government. . .  48 

Murder  of  Judtre  Amidon  and  Son  .50 

Altandonmentof  Sioux  Valley. . .  52 

Establishment  of  Fort  Dakota...  .54 

History  of  Sioux  Falls .50 

Dell  Rapids 106 

Valley  Springs 113 

History  of  Lake  County 116 

Madison 118 

History  of  Moody  County 123 

Flandreau 124 

Egan 1.31 

Hi,-tory  of  Brookings  County 134 

Brofdcings 1,38 

Volga 141 

Elkton 145 

Kingsbury,    Hamlin,    Deuel,    Grant, 

Clark  and  Spink  Counties 145 

History  of  Beadle  County 148 

Ilunm 149 

McCook  County 1.54 

History  of  Codiuirton  County 1.54 

Watertown 150 

Beloit,    Calliope    and    Poitlandvil'e, 

Iowa .104 

History  <if  Lincoln  County 170 

Canton 175 

Eden 180 

Lennox 182 


PAGE 

History  of  Turner  County 185 

Parker 186 

Marion  Junction 189 

Union  County  and  Elk  Point 191 

History  of  Bon  Homme  County 196 

Bon  Homme 197 

Scotland 198 

Springfield. . . ." 201 

History  of  Clay  County 205 

Vermillion •206 

History  of  Davison  County 215 

Mitchell.... 216 

Hutcliinson  County 221 

History  of  Yankton  County 222 

The  City  of  Yankton 237 

Biographical  Directory 306 

Sioux  Falls 300 

Elkton 31^ 

Marion  Junction 318 

Parker 319 

Egan 322 

Madison 323 

Dell  Kapids 327 

Scotland 331 

Huron 334 

Lennox 336 

Portlandville 338 

Canton 340 

Si)rintifield 342 

Eden 344 

Callio|H' 345 

Watertown 346 

Elk   Point 353 

Brookings 3.59 

Vermillion 362 

Yankton 368 

Valley  Springs -382 

Volga 384 


EiiRATUM— On  1  age  .50,  for  "The  spring  and  -unnutr  of  IFOS."  etc.,  rerd  '1862. 


^f^fhli4-t7A^ 


PREFACE. 


CURIOSITY  is  inherent  in  human  nature,  especially  concerning  events  affect- 
ing' one's  personal  interests.  What  then  cm  more  pleasurably  occupy  the 
attention  of  the  reader  than  a  narrative  of  the  primary  incidents  inseparable 
from  the  organization  of  his  own  civil  and  social  surroundings?  A  naiTative  of 
the  birth  and  gro^vth  of  the  communitj^  to  which  he  is  by  every  tie  attached ;  a 
record  of  tlie  happenings  incident  to  that  birth  and  growth;  the  prosaic  and 
matter-of-fact  details,  and  the  romantic  and  adventurous  details  as  well — a  his- 
tory of  an  epoch  of  true  Western  progressiveness,  the  beginning  of  an  era  of  so 
great  possibilities,  developing  mto  the  fact  of  so  prosperDus  a  present,  and 
making  doubly  ?ure  the  assurance  of  an  incredibly  prosperous  future.  And 
how  important  it  is  that  these  early  details  be  gathered  for  appropriate  presen- 
tation while  yet  personal  sources  of  accurate  information  are  obtainable. 

The  publishers  can  but  beheve  that  every  candid  person  ■nail  agr-ee  with  them 
in  thus  highly  estimatmg  the  importance,  even  at  this  comparatively  early  date- 
of  preserving  in  proper  and  convenient  fonn  the  History  op  Southeastern^ 
Dakota.  While  the  contemporaneous  reader  may  not  value  the  work  so 
highly  as  jiature  consideration  would  warrant,  yet  it  is  to  those  who  come  after 
that  the  historian  must  appeal,  and  if  the  result  of  his  labors  in  this  instance 
shall  be  to  throw  light  upon  the  pathway  of  future  workers,  making  clear  the 
obscure  places,  and  lessening  the  tasks  of  those  whose  lot  it  shall  be  to  chronicle 
the  History  of  the  mighty  State  of  Dakota,  then,  indeed,  will  a  laudable  mis- 
sion have  been  meritoriously  fulfilled.  We  have  seen  works  of  this  character, 
even  slightingly  spoken  of  at  first,  nevertheless,  in  the  lapse  of  years,  attain 
high  value  and  become  accredited  with  having  saved  to  the  world  much  that 
was  important,  but  which  would  otherwise  have  passad  beyond  the  attempts  of 
later  history  to  recall. 

Such  considerations  as  thesa  assuredly  preclude  necessity  for  apology  in  pre- 
senting the  accompanying  historical  sketch  of  the  early  settlement  and  subse- 
quent development  of  Southeastern  Dakota,  in  which  section  we  include  what 
is  everywhere  favorably  known  as  the  Valley  of  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  por- 
tions of  the  Dakota  or  James  River  country,  embracing  in  all,  for  the  purposes 
of  the  work,  the  counties  of  Spink,  Clark,  Codington,  Grant,  Dcuel,  Hamlin 
Beadle,  Kingsbury,  Brookings,  Miner,  Lake,  Moody,  Davison,  Hanson, 
McCook,  Minnehaha,  Hutchinson,  Turner,  Lincoln,  Bon  Homme,  Yankton, 
C'ay  and  Union,  with  less  particular  reference  to  other  counties  contiguous. 


HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


Obviously,  the  plan  of  such  a  work  will  include:  1.  A  brief  outline  history 
of  the  entire  Territorj'.  2.  A  general  historj'  of  Southeastern  Dakota,  o. 
Particular  histories  of  the  difierent  countits,- their  cities  and  villages.  To  these 
will  be  found  to  be  added  numerous  biographical  sketches  of  pioneer,  ofKcial 
professional  and  business  men,  a  department  which  has  baen  obtained  at  the 
expense  of  much  labor  and  means,  and  which  in  a  condense  1  form  contains 
much  interesting  and  valuable  information. 

With  reference  to  the  physical  features  of  Southeastern  Dakota,  the  character 
and  composition  of  her  soil,  her  surpassing  fertility  and  the  wondrous  rapidity 
of  her  settlement  and  growth,  the  writer  has  not  felt  called  upon  to  deal  in 
florid  rhetoric  or  figures  of  exaggeration.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  this 
is  not  a  work  issued  for  the  pecuniary  profit  of  speculators  m  real  estate,  nor  at 
the  instance  of  a  bureau  of  immigration.  While  such  books  and  pamphlets  are 
calculated  to  benefit  the  country  which  in  their  usually  glowing  terms  they  may 
depict,  and  while  the  present  History  of  Southeastern  Dakota  will  doubt- 
less bear  no  small  part  in  calling  attention  to  the  resources  of  the  TeiTitory  and 
in  aiding  the  good  cause  of  desirable  immigration;  neveitheless,  its  objects, 
pure  and  simple,  are  as  stated  a,bove,  and  its  Publishers  will  be  more  than  con- 
tent should  these  objects  be  satisfactorily  accomplished.  It  is,  indeed,  most 
gratifying  to  know  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  call  in  the  aid  of  exaggeration  or 
the  pufleiy  of  extravagant  literature  to  describe  Dakota  m  attractive  terms; 
hence  we  here  a  'plain,  anvarnished  tale  relate,"  confiJent  that  Truth  in 
her  soberest,  prosiest  guise  will  'throne  "Supremacy  like  a  sliming  star"  within 
the  fair  borders  of  Dakota. 

That  instances  of  minor  inaccuracies  will  occur  in  a  work  of  th;s  character, 
howsoever  great  care  may  l>e  taken  to  prevent,  is  to  be  expected,  since  so  many 
dates,  and  so  numf  Dus  and  varied  incidents,  are  necessarily  introduced;  ana 
especially  is  this  true  ot  the  biographical  department,  errors  in  which,  however, 
as  in  nearly  every  other  instance,  will  be  found  to  be  attributable  to  uninten- 
tional misstatements  by  the  parties  themselves,  who,  naturally  enough,  not 
being  so  closely  interested  in  the  accuracy  of  details  as  the  laborious  compilers 
of  the  woik,  may  have  been  more  or  less  careless  of  their  statements  at  the  time 
of  making  them.  All  that  painstaking  and  impartial  effort  can  accomplish  has 
been  done,  and  no  pains  have  been  spared,  either  in  the  compiling  or  the  print- 
ing, to  secure  strict  accuracy  in  every  respect;  and  so  f;ir  as  conscientious  labor 
is  concerned,  we  feel  confident  that  the  work  wiU  be  ascertained  to  merit  the 
lenient  consideration  of  the  candid  and  unbiased  reader. 

We  desire  also  to  acknowledge  our  appreciation  of  the  uniform  and  cordial 
courtesy  of  the  press  of  SoutheasteiTi  Dakota,  whose  files  we  have  had  frequent 
occasion  to  constdt,  as  well  as  the  obligations  which  we  owe  to  Mr.  James  S. 


CJ^//r^^^^ 


HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


Foster's  excellent  "'Outlines  of  Histoiy."'  and  especially  to, the  admirable  pro- 
ductions of  the  Hon.  M.  K.  Armstrong.  We  are  indebted  to  the  Hon.  W.  W. 
Brookings  for  that  portion  of  the  work,  which  relates  more  particularly  to  the 
Sioux  Falls  settlemeut,  from  the  beginning  to  about  the  year  1871 — a  narrative, 
which,  we  are  pleased  to  state,  is  herein  told  for  the  first  time  accurately  and 
in  detail.  The  names  of  the  good  citizens  of  Southeastern  Dakota,  upon  whose 
funds  of  valuable  information  we  have  felt  at  all  times  at  liberty  to  draw,  are 
Legion;  and  to  them  we  wish  to  express  our  most  sincere  thanks. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 
December.  J8S1. 


^fj^i^Am^ 


HISTORY  OF  DAKOTA, 


« 


# 


^HE  ''Land  of  the  Dacotahs"  is  peculiarly  rich  in  abor- 
V\  iginal  traditions.  A  history  of  savage  life  within  its 
t^o^'V  l^oi'^srs,  the  origin,  interminglings,  warfares,  mutations, 
J^  "^^A  dirainishment  and  gradual  disappearance  of  the  red  races 
that  have  inhabited  it  since  the  years  beyond  the  limits  of  authen- 
tication, would  necessarily  be  tinged  with  the  rhythm  of  barbaric 
folk-lore;  and  since  this  is  true  of  the  most  prosaic  of  these  records, 
it  is  no  wonder  the  dealer  in  the  imagery  of  fiction  has  found 
herein  abundance  of  material  for  poetic  exaggeration.  Whether 
or  not  "it  is  pretty  clearly  established  that  the  primitive  tribes  of 
the  Northwest  migrated  from  Eastern  Asia,  and  in  their  early  drift- 
ing, like  sea-foam,  across  the  northwestern  waters,  brought  with 
them  a  glimmer  of  civilized  history,  which  has  long  since  vanished 
into  tradition,  in  the  chase  and  war-path  of  the  wilderness,"  may 
be  left  to  the  deliberation  of  the  professional  ethnologist  or  the 
amateur  in  love  with  the  study  of  the  curious.  Certain  it  is,  that 
this  theory  has  become  tacitly  accepted,  apart  from  speculation  as 
to  a  sufiicient  reasonableness  of  hypothesis. 

Seemingly  well  authenticated  history  traces  Prince  Madoc,  or 
Madowe,  from  North  Wales,  with  ten  ships  and  a  large  colony  of 
his  countrymen,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River  in  the  early 
part  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  the  traditions  of  their  own 
country  have  it  that  the  colony  settled  somewhere  in  the  interior 
of  North  America,  where  eventually  their  descendants  became 
merged  into  tribal  relations  with  the  aborigines.  It  is  even 
averred  that  the  journeyings  and  ancient  fortifications  of  this 
colony  have  been  traced  from  the  Ohio  River  to  the  old  Mandan 
village  in  Dakota.  In  support  of  the  theory  that  the  Mandan 
tribe  of  Indians  are  descendants  of  Prince  Madoc's  colony,  ceitiin 
similarities  in  language  and  customs  are  instanced.  Nicollet,  who 
was  sent  by  the  government  at  Quebec  to  treat  with  certain 
tribes  of  western  Indians  in  1639,  first  mentions  the  Dakota 
family  of  Indians.  Nicollet  visited  the  Ounipcgons  (Winnebagos), 
a  name  signifying  ''a  people  who  came  from  a  distant  sea."'    Jogues 


10  HISTORY   OF   DAKOTA. 


and  EaymbauU,  Jesuits,  visited  the  Ojibways  of  Lake  Superior  in 
1641,  by  whom  they  were  informed  that  eighteen  days'  journey  to 
the  west  of  them  lived  a  powerful  nation  known  as  the 
"Nadouechiouch,"  or  "Nadsuessiouex,"  meaning  "enemy,"  but 
subsequently  designated  by  the  abl)reviation,  "Scioux,"  "Sioux,"  or 
"Sou,"  and  now  correctly  called  "Dakotas,"  meaning  the  "friendly- 
nations,"  in  consequence  of  alliances  formed  among  them,  at  a 
later  period,  after  the  long  and  bloody  wars  with  the  Algonquins. 

Two  young  Canadian  fur  traders  accompanied  a  party  of  In- 
dians to  the  Far  West  in  1654,  and  it  is  thought  were  the  first 
white  men  who  entered  the  T)resent  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Tn  1541  De  Soto  discovered  the  great  Mississippi  River;  it  was 
visited  by  Marquette  and  Joliet,  who  entered  it  by  the  way  of 
Wisconsin,  in  1673;  Hennepin  ascended  it  to  a  point  above  the 
present  city  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in  1680,  and  its  mouth  was  dis- 
covered by  LaSalle  in  1683.  In  1602,  Viscaino,  the  Spanish  navi- 
gator, ascended  the  northwest  shore  of  the  continent  as  far  as  the 
43d  parallel,  by  virtue  of  which  discovery  Spain  claimed  all  the 
country  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Pacific.  The  American 
ship  "Columbia,"  commanded  by  Capt.  Gray,  entered  the  mouth  of 
the  Columbia  River  in  1792,  and  gave  it  its  name  in  honor  of  his 
vessel.  The  whole  northwest  country,  embracing  an  "indefinite 
distance  to  the  northward,"  was  then  known  as  Louisiana  Ter- 
ritory. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  Indian  tribes,  who  inhabited  this  vast 
region  at  this  time,  were  the  great  race  of  the  "Sioux," — the 
Hurons,  Iroquois,  Winnebagoes,  Wyandottes,  Illinois  and  Foxes — 
all  families  of  the  great  Dakota  nation,  and  at  war  with  the  whole 
Algonquin  race  of  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  introduction  among 
the  Algonquins  of  fire-arms,  steel  arrows  and  liattle  axes  by  (^ma- 
dian  traders,  were  effectual  weapons  against  the  fiint-headed  arrows 
and  wooden  war  clubs  of  the  Dakotas,  and  the  great  nation,  de- 
feated and  ])ursued  by  the  conquerers,  fled  toward  the  regions  of 
the  setting  sun.  Very  little  is  known  concerning  the  tribes  that 
inhabited  Dakota  prior  to  that  bloody  era.  "Tradition  says  that 
the  Cheyenne  (Shiens,  or  Dog,)  Indians  were  once  a  powerful 
nation,  and  were  the  first  race  of  people  who  migrated  to  the  Mis- 
souri \'alley;  that  after  having  been  repeatedly  driven  down  from 
the  regions  of  the  Xorth,  they  located  on  a  western  tributary  of 
the  Red  River,  where  their  Idood  poured  out  in  battle  against  their 


HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA.  11 


invading  foes,  mingling  with  the  waters  of  the  northern  stream, 
changed  its  hue,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  the  Wood-colored  or  Red 
River  of  the  North.  Again  they  Avere  defeated,  and  again  they 
struck  their  tents  and  fled,  with  the  bleeding  remnants  of  their 
tribe,  across  the  northern  plains  of  Dakota,  and  formed  a  new 
home  on  a  stream  that  enters  with  the  Missouri  from  the  west, 
which  they  called  the  Che3^enne. 

"Charlevoix  relates  of  the  primitive  tribes  of  Southern  Dakota^ 
that,  nearly  two  centuries  ago,  the  lowas,  Omahas  and  Ottoes  were 
in  this  portion  of  the  territory,  and  roamed  and  warred  through  the 
regions  watered  by  the  Des  Moines,  Big  Sioux  and  James,  or 
Dakota,  Rivers,  and  that  these  tribes  annually  assembled  in  peace 
around  their  sacred  council  fires  at  the  Great  Red  Pipestone 
Quarry.  From  here  they  were  afterwards  driven  south  and  west 
by  the  great  nation  of  Dakotas  moving  down  from  the  North  like 
a  migh  ty  army,  and  covering  the  whole  plain  with  their  tents  and 
war  dances." 

The  period  of  this  great  Indian  retrogression  was  probably  some 
time  before  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Up  to 
that  era  the  Dakotas  had  remained  as  one  nation;  but  during  the 
great  war  and  flight  from  the  North,  they  had  become  disbanded 
and  dispersed  into  smaller  parties,  and  in  order  to  be  distinguished 
from  other  tribes,  abandoned  the  ancient  name  of  "Nadsuessioux," 
or  "Sioux,"  and  called  themselves  Dakotas,  or  the  "friendly 
people."  Since  that  period,  history  and  tradition  agree  in  placing 
the  Dakotas  as  masl^ers  of  the  vast  region  between  the  Mississippi 
and  the  Mountains.  The  Yanktons  at  that  time  inhabited  the 
region  between  the  James  and  the  Big  Sioux  Rivers,  and  were 
known  as  the  "tribe  that  lives  at  the  en:l;"  all  the  tribes  to  the 
northwest  of  them  were  cplled  "those  who  came  over  the  moun- 
tains from  the  sea." 

In  1762,  France  ceded  the  whole  northwestern  territory  to 
Spain,  who  in  turn,  in  1800,  receded  it  to  France,  by  which  latter 
government  it  was  transferred  to  the  United  States,  in  1803,  for 
fifteen  millions  of  dollars.  The  number  of  white  inhabitants  in 
the  whole  northwestern  territory  at  that  early  day,  is  variously 
estim  ited  at  from  one  to  less  than  five  thousand,  the  only  "foot- 
prints of  civilization"  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  Pacific  Ocean 
being  the  small  trading  posts  where  now  stand,  among  others,  the 
present  cities  of  St.  Louis,  Detroit,  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  San  Fran- 


12  HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA. 


Cisco  and  Astoria-.  Mention  is  made  by  the  early  navigators  of 
the  Missouri  River,  of  seven  poor  families  a  few  miles  above  the 
present  city  of  St.  Louis,  which  was  the  only  settlement  of  white 
people  in  the  Missouri  River  Valley  in  1803.  In  1787,  the  terri- 
tory northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  lying  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
was  framad  into  a  separate  Territory,  which  in  1800  was  divided 
into  the  Territories  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  in  1805  the  Terri- 
tory of  Michigan  was  established.  iSoon  after  the  purchase  of 
Louisiana  from  France  in  1803,  the  territory  west  of  the  Missouri 
was  divided,  and  all  south  of  the  39th  degree  was  called  the  Terri- 
tory of  New  Orleans. 

During  the  administration  of  President  Jefferson,  in  1804-5, 
Congress  and  the  President  authorized  the  exploration  of  the 
great  unknown  West,  by  way  of  the  Missouri  River  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  to  the  Northern  Pacific  Coast,  the  party  to 
report  to  the  Government  the  result  of  their  discoveries  and  adven- 
tures. Thus  was  created  the  famous  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition. 
Captains  Lewis  and  Clark,  "with  a  band  of  forty-two  men,  starting 
from  St.  Louis,  in  open  sail  and  oar  boats,  on  the  14th  of  May, 
1804,  upon  a  journey  of  five  thousand  miles  through  an  unknown 
wilderness,  inhabited  only  by  wild  tribes  of  Indians.  They  were 
the  first  party  of  American  explorers  to  ascend  the  Missouri  River 
into  the  land  of  the  Dakotas,  their  printed  Journal  affording  to 
the  world  the  earliest  written  description  of  this  great  valley  of 
the  Northwest.  They  reached  the  Big  Sioux  River,  the  present 
eastern  boundary  of  Dakota,  on  the  21st  of  August,  1804;  on  the 
28th  of  October  they  arrived  at  the  old  Mandan  Indian  villages, 
above  the  present  crossing  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
began  the  construction  of  log  huts  and  stockades  for  their  winter 
quarters.  Here  they  passed  the  winter  of  1804-5,  and  on  the  7th 
of  April,  1805,  launched  their  boats  on  the  river  to  continue  their 
devious  and  perilous  journey  mountainward.  I'he  great  Falls  of 
the  Missouri  River,  near  the  western  boundary  of  Dakota  Terri- 
tory, as  originally  organized,  were  discovered  on  the  13th  of  June, 
and  on  the  i2th  of  August,  the  enthusiastic  little  party  of  adven- 
turers stood  upon  the  summit  of  the  great  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  around  the  little  spring  from  which  came  bubbling  the 
remotest  waters  of  the  great  Missouri.  "They  had  now  reached 
that  hidden  source  which  had  never  before  been  seen  by  civilized 
man;    and  as  they  quenched  their  thii-st  at  the  chaste  and  icy 


HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA.  13 


fountain, — as  they  sat  down  by  the  rivulet  which  yielded  its  dis- 
tant but  modest  tribute  to  the  parent  ocean, — they  felt  themselves 
rewarded  for  all  their  labors  and  difficulties."  Crossing  the  moun- 
tains on  horseback,  they  reached  the  source  of  the  Columbia, 
built  canoes,  and  descended  that  mighty  river  to  the  Pacific  Coast, 
where  they  passed  the  winter  of  1805-6,  among  the  Indians,  living 
in  bark  and  earth  huts,  and  speaking  a  jargon  of  languages  like 
the  natives  of  India  and  Tartary,  from  which  countries  many  of 
the  early  Indian  tribes  of  the  Northwest  are  believed  to  have 
migrated. 

During  their  westward  journey,  on  the  morning  of  the  27tli  of 
August,  1801,  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition  passed  the  mouth  of 
the  James  River,  when  an  Indian  swam  to  their  boats  and  in- 
formed them  that  a  large  body  of  Sioux  were  encamped  in  their 
immediate  vicinity.  Three  men,  with  an  iuterpreter,  were  dis- 
patched to  the  Sioux  camp,  while  the  boats  proceeded  on  about 
eleven  miles,  where,  on  a  beautiful  plaiu,  near  Calumet  Bluff, 
above  where  Yankton  now  stands,  the  party  encamped  and  waited 
the  arrival  of  the  Sioux.  A  speech  and  appropriate  presents  were 
prepared,  and  here  at  noon  the  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  Yank- 
tons  arrived,  and  were  received  in  council  under  a  large  oak  tree, 
near  which  the  American  flag  was  flying.  Thus,  nearly  four- 
score years  ago,  did  this  little  band  of  American  adventurers  first 
fling  to  the  breeze  of  an  unknown  wild  the  flag  of  the  American 
Republic,  on  the  spot  where  now  stands  the  capital  of  a  vigorous 
and  growing  Territory,  vA^ith  its  sturdy  population  of  over  two 
hundred  thousand  energetic  souls,  and  on  the  threshhold  of  admis- 
sion to  the  mighty  sisterhood  of  States. 

Soon  after  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition.  American  traders 
and  adventurers  began  to  push  their  way  into  the  thitlierto  un- 
knoAvn  Northwest,  establishiug  posts  for  the  trade  in  furs  with 
the  natives.  The  goods  for  the  trade  with  the  Dakotas  were 
brought  up  the  river  in  open  boats,  propelled  by  oars  and  "v^^nd, 
and  "cordalled''  over  the  bars  with  long  tow  ropes  fastened  to  the 
boats  and  drawn  by  men  walking  along  the  shores.  The  furs  and 
peltries  were  taken  to  the  distant  St.  Louis  market  in  the  spriug. 
the  journeys  down  the  upper  tributaries  being  often  made  iu  circu- 
lar boats  of  skins,  with  which  the  channel  could  be  followed, 
regardless  of  the  sand-bars,  snags  and  darkness.  The  Missouri 
Fur   Company  was   established  in  ISOS;  the  American  Fur  Com- 


14  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


pany,  by  John  Jacob  Astor,  of  New  York,  in  1809,  and  about 
this  time  tl-.e  fir.-^t  tradin<i^  posts  were  established  in  the  country 
drained  by  the  Missouri  River.  Astor  litted  out  the  first  over- 
hand fur  party  in  1811,  who  voyaged  in  oar-boats  up 
the  Missouri  River  to  the  Arickaree  Indian  viUages,  and 
thence  overland  across  the  country  north  of  the  Black 
Hills,  through  the  Wind  River  and  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
'to  Astoria,  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  Rocky  Mountain 
Fur  Company  commenced  to  make  annual  expeditions  to  the 
head-waters  of  the  Missouri  in  1826.  The  American  Fur  Com- 
pany, stimulated  by  this  competition,  extended  their  operations, 
until,  in  1832,  it  had  become  the  controlling  corporation  in  the 
whole  Northwest.  It  is  claimed  that  Pierre  Choteau,  of  this  com- 
pany, was  the  first  man  to  run  a  steamboat  up  the  Missouri  River 
into  Dakota  Territory,  and  under  his  pilotship  the  steamers  Ante- 
lope and  Yellowstone,  in  1832  and  1833,  were  the  first  to  plow 
Dakota's  waters.  The  first  steamboat  had  ascended  the  Missis- 
sippi to  Fort  Snelling,  above  the  present  city  of  St.  Paul,  ten 
years  prior  to  this,  and  in  the  same  year  Lord  Selkirk  established 
the  oldest  settlement  in  Dakota,  on  Red  River,  near  the  British 
boundary. 

Canada  passed  into  the  control  of  the  British  government  in 
176:5,  McKenzie,  of  the  old  Hudson  Bay  Company,  leading  the 
first  party  of  white  men  across  the  continent,  from  the  Canadian 
border  to  the  Pacific,  north  of  the  51th  parallel,  as  early  as  1787. 

The  old  Northwest  boundary  of  49  degrees,  between  the  United 
States  and  the  British  Possessions,  was  proposed  in  the  early  part 
of  the  present  century,  a  long  diplomatic  controversy  ensuing  as 
to  the  rights  of  discovery  and  occupancy  of  the  territory  south  of 
this  boundary. 

The  first  treaty  with  the  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi  was 
made  by  General  Scott,  at  Davenport,  in  1832,  and  the  great  Ter- 
ritory of  Wisconsin  was  organized  in  1836,  with  Burlington  as 
the  capital,  at  which  place,  in  1837,  the  first  Legislature  northwest 
of  the  Mississippi  River  assembled.  Father  De  Smet,  in  1840, 
was  the  first  to  carry  the  cross  of  religion  and  the  seeds  of  agri- 
culture to  the  wild  natives  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  regions. 

Connected  with  this  era  there  is  a  period  of  history  comprising 
the  earlier  expeditions  of  Robert  Cimpbell's  fur  parties  to  the 
West,  and  the  discovery  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  1826,  and  of  Captain 


HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA.  15 


Bonneville's  two  years  of  adventure  in  the  mountains  with  his 
train  of  trappers,  in  1833-34,  and  of  the  early  trials  and  wander- 
ings of  the  Subletts,  Choteaus,  Wythe,  Fitzpatrick,  Henry,  Stuart, 
and  many  others,  who  long  ago  led  their  cavalcades  across  the 
vast  wilds  of  the  Northwest,  when  no  trace  of  civilized  settlement 
could  be  found  in  all  the  country  between  the  Missouri  River  and 
the  Pacific  Ocean;  also  the  later  explorations  of  Nicollet  and  Fre- 
mont, and  of  Catlin,  in  1833,  Pope  in  1819,  and  the  still  more 
recent  expeditions  of  Stevens,  Warren,  Harney,  Hayden,  Mullen, 
Sully,  and  others;  while  the  memorable  slaughter  of  Colonel  Fet- 
terman  and  his  Avhole  command  west  of  the  Black  Hills  in  the 
winter  of  1865-66,  the  perishing  in  a  snow-storm  near  Fort 
Wads  worth  of  Captain  Fields  and  his  soldiers,  together  with  the 
terrible  fate  of  General  Caster  and  his  mounted  battalion  of  gal- 
lant men,  all  form  a  part  of  the  pioneer  history  of  the  great 
Northwest. 

Not  until  1831  did  the  first  American  colony  emigrate  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,  and  in  1839  the  first  printing  press  was  carried  be- 
yond the  mountains.  In  1835  the  first  newspaper  in  the  Missouri 
Valley  was  published  at  Dubuque,  in  the  then  Territory  of  Wis- 
consin, from  which  vast  region  of  country  have  since  been  carved 
and  organized  the  Territories  of  Iowa  in  1838,  Minnesota  in  1819, 
Nebraska  in  1851,  Dakota  in  1861,  Idaho  in  1863,  Montana  in  1861; 
Avhile  still  farther  to  the  west,  beyond  the  mountains,  have  been 
framed  the  Territories  of  Oregon  in  1818^  and  Washington  in 
1853. 

By  act  of  Congress  in  1819,  a  portion  of  Dakota  was  included 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  newly  organized  Territory  of  Minne- 
sota, which  had  hitherto  remained  a  portion  of  the  old  county  of 
St.  Croix,  in  Wisconsin  Territory.  In  1851,  at  Traverse-de-Sioux, 
Minnesota,  was  consummated  the  memorable  treaty  between  the 
United  States  and  the  upper  bands  of  Dakota  Indians,  by  the 
provisions  of  which  the  Government  became  possessed  of  the  first 
acre  of  land  in  Dakota,  to  which  the  Indians  had  relinquished 
their  title.  It  embraced  a  strip  of  laud  in  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Big  Sioux  River,  covering  the  present  toAvns  of  Sioux  Falls, 
Flandreau  and  Medary,  including  that  portion  of  territory  lying 
between  the  Big  Sioux  and  the  Minnesota  State  line  and  taking 
in  the  western  shores  of  Big  Stone  Lake.  In  the  same  year  the 
Minnesota  Legislature  divided  their   Territory  into  nine  counties. 


16  HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA. 


one  of  which  (Dakota  County)  covered  all  the  country  lying  be- 
tween St.  Paul  and  Yankton,  constituted  the  Sixth  Council  dis- 
trict, and  was  entitled  to^two  Councilmen  and  one  Representative 
in  the  Minnesota  Legislature,  In  1854  the  Territory  of  Nebraska 
was  organized,  and  included  a  large  portion  of  that  country  which 
is  now  in  Dakota,  beyond  the  Running  Water,  at  which  time 
there  was  not  a  white  settler  on  the  Dakota  side  of  the  Missouri 
River.  The  Hai-ney  treaty  was  consummated  in  1855,  and  his 
forces  marched  from  the  Platte  to  the  Missouri,  and  encamped  for 
the  winter  at  Fort  Pierre.  The  command  consisted  of  about 
1,200  men,  among  the  officers  being  the  heroic  Lyon,  who  fell  in 
the  war  for  the  Union;  Captain  Gardner,  a  rebel  general  in  the 
Southern  army,  and  Captain  J.  B.  S.  Todd,  the  first  Delegate  to 
Congress,  from  Dakota.  In  1856,  old  Fort  Lookout  was  occupied 
by  the  Grovernment  troops,  and  General  Harney  made  his  head- 
quarters there;  but  early  in  the  spring,  he  selected  the  site  and  com- 
menced the  erection  of  Fort  Randall,  where,  in  June  of  the  same 
year,  the  two  first  companies  of  soldiers  were  landed  by  steam- 
boat. 

During  the  same  season.  Captain  Sully,  at  the  head  of  two  com- 
panies, marched  across  the  plains  from  Fort  Abercrombie  for  the 
purpose  of  relieving  a  portion  of  the  command  at  Fort  Pierre,  at 
which  point  he  remained  until  1858,  and  then  recrossed  the 
country  to  Fort  Ridgely.  Lyon  remained  in  charge  of  Fort 
Lookout  until  the  summer  of  1858,  when  both  Pierre  and  Lookout 
were  abandoned,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  companies,  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Randall,  the  military  forces  were  removed  from  the 
frontiers  to  other  parts  of  the  country.  During  these  early  mili- 
tary movements,  Lieutenant  Warren  and  Dr.  Ilayden  were  prose- 
cuting their  scientific  investigations  in  the  mysterious  regions  of 
the  Black  Hills  and  Bad  Lands,  while  no  perceptible  settlements 
had  penetrated  the  Upper  Missouri  Valley,  and  the  soil  of  Dakota 
was  yet  unbroken  by  the  hand  of  civilized  agriculture.  A  few  ad- 
venturous pioneers  had.  however,  entered  the  wilds  and  built  cabins 
in  the  Indian  country,  preparatory  to  the  consummation  of  the 
proposed  treaties. 

In  the  spring  of  1857,  the  Interior  Department  sent  A.  S.  H. 
White,  an  attache  of  the  Indian  Bureau,  to  visit  the  Yankton  In- 
dians, for  the  purpose  of  inducing  them  to  &end  a  delegation  to 
Washington,  with  a  view  to   negotiating   a   treaty   ceding  their 


HISTOKY    OF   DAKOTA.  17 


lands,  in  what  is  now  Southern  Dakota,  to  the  government. 
White's  mission  was  unsuccessful,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year,  Capt.  J.  B.  S.  Todd,  of  Fort  Randall,  at  -the  request  of  the 
Department,  securing  the  services  of  Charles  F.  Picotte,  who  had 
great  influence  with  the  Indians,  and  who  still  resides  at  the  Yank- 
ton Agency,  succeeded  in  his  enterprise,  and  early  in  the  winter  of 
1857,  started  to  Washington  with  the  Yankton  chiefs,  accom- 
panied by  Mr.  Picotte,  as  interpreter.  April'-lO,  1858,  a  treaty  was 
made  with  these  Indians,  by  which  they  ceded  to  the  United  States 
all  the  lands  owned,  possessed  or  claimed,  by  them,  wherever  sit- 
uated (except  400,000  acres,  embracing  their  present  Reservation) 
and  described  as  follows: 

"  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Te-han-kas-an-data,  or  Calu- 
met, or  Big  Sioux  River;  thence  up  the  Missouri  River  to  the 
Pa-hah-wa-kan,  or  East  Medicine  Knoll  River;  thence  up  the  said 
river  to  its  head;  thence  to  the  head  of  the  main  fork  of  the  Wan- 
dush-ka-for,  or  Snake  River;  thence  down  said  river  to  its  junction 
with  the  Te-han-san-san,  or  Jaques  River,  or  James  River;  thence 
in  a  direct  line  to  the  northern  point  of  Lake  Kampeska;  thence 
along  the  northern  shore  of  said  lake  and  its  outlet  to  the  junction 
of  the  said  outlet  with  the  said  Big  Sioux  River;  thence  down  the 
Big  Sioux  River  to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri  River.  And 
they  also  cede  and  relinquish  to  the  United  States  all  their  right 
and  title  to  and  in  all  the  islands  in  the  Missouri  River,  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Sioux  River  to  the  mouth  of  the  Medicine  Knoll 
Creek." 

In  consideration  therefor  the  United  States  agreed  to  pay 
to  them,  or  to  expend  for  their  benefit,  the  sum  of  ^65,000  per  an- 
num for  ten  years;  840,000  per  annum  for  and  during  ten  years 
thereafter,  §25,000  per  annum  for  and  during  ten  years  thereafter, 
and  815,000  per  annum  for  and  during  twenty  years  thereafter, 
making  in  all  81,600.000  in  annuities  in  the  period  of  fifty  years. 

The  following  chiefs  signed  the  treaty: 

Pa-la-ne-a-pa-pe — The  man  that  was  struck  by  the  Ree. 

Ma-to-sa-be-che-a — The  Smutty  Bear. 

Chas.  F.  Picotte — Eta-ke-cha. 

Ta-ton-ka-wete-co — The  Crazy  Bull. 

Pse-cha-wa-ke-a — The  Jumping  Thunder. 

Ma-ra-ha-ton — The  Iron  Horn. 

Nom-be-kah-pah — One  that  knocks  down  two. 


IS  HISTOHY    OK    DAKOTA. 


Ta-ton-ke-e-yak-ka— The  Fast  Bull. 

A-ha-ka-nia-ne--The  walking  Elk. 

A-lia-ka-na-zhe— The  Standing  Elk. 

A-ha-ka-ho-ehe-cha — The  Elk  with  a  Bad  Voice. 

Cha-ton-wo-ka-pa-  The  Grahbing  Hawk. 

E-ha-we-cha-sha     The  Owl  Man. 

Pia-son-wa-kau-na — The  White  Medicine  Cow  that  Stands. 

Ma-ga-scha-che-ka     The  Little  White  Swan. 

Oke-che-la-wash-ta— The  Pretty  Boy. 

Immediately  after  the  ratification  of  this  treaty,  A.  H.  Kedfield, 
of  Detroit,  Mich.,  was  appointed  Agent  for  the  Indians,  and  ar- 
rived in  the  Territory  early  in  July.  Buildings  were  at  once  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  present  Agency,  and  the  Indians  were  all  located 
on  the  Reservation  before  winter.  As  soon  as  the  Indians  were 
removed,  settlers  began  to  come  in  rapidly,  locating  principally  on 
Big  Sioux  Point,  Elk  Point,  Vermillion  and  Yankton.  The  ear- 
lier locations  by  the  Western  Town  Company,  of  Dubuque,  and 
the  Dakota  Land  Company,  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  at  Sioux  Falls,  in 
1857;  by  the  latter  Company  at  Medary,  Flandreau  and  Emineza, 
in  the  same  year;  and  the  pioneer  locations  elsewhere  in  Southeast- 
ern Dakota,  beginning  with  those  of  1857,  are  treated  of  at  length 
in  their  proper  places  in  this  History.  The  tracing  of  the  progress 
of  events  in  these  early  settlements,  through  the  adventurous 
vicissitudes  precedent  to  the  populousness  and  prosperity  of  the 
present  time,  the  details  of  hardships  and  struggles,  the  Provisional 
Government  and  the  days  of  Squatter  Sovereignty,  form  a  very 
considerable  portion  of  the  task  before  us. 

Here  begins  the  date  of  permanent  settlement  in  Dakota,  when 
the  retreating  red  race  looked  back  upon  the  advancing  sentinels 
of  civilization,  who  had  come  to  subdue  the  wilds  and  adorn  the 
rivers  with  thriving  villages.  And  here  commences  the  written 
history  of  Dakota's  white  race,  established  in  a  land  where  "wild 
tribes  of  men  have  marched  their  armies  over  towns  and  fields,  and 
fierce  battles  have  been  fought  where,  ere  long,  churches  may  rear 
their  spires,  and  plough-shares  turn  furrows  amidst  the  graves  of 
buried  races,  and  children  play,  perhaps,  where  generations  of  chil- 
dren have  played  before."  A  decale  in  the  Northwest  is  a  century 
among  the  older  civilization  of  the  East. 

On  the  8th  of  November,  1859,  the  settlers  at  Yankton  held  a 
meetin ,  with  D.  T.  Bramble  as  Chairman,  and  M.  K.  Armstrong, 


HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA.  19 


Secretary,  and  adopted  a  memorial  petitioning  Congress  for  a  Ter- 
ritorial organization.  A  similar  meeting  was  held  at  Vermillion 
on  the  9th  of  the  same  mouth,  at  which  J,  A.  Denton  presided, 
and  James  McHenry  was  Secretary.  In  the  meantime  the  people 
of  the  Sioux  Falls  settlement  were  similarly  active.  But  the 
prayer  of  the  people  was  unheeded,  and  amid  the  tumultuous  prep- 
arations for  a  Presidential  election,  and  the  muttering  throes  of  a 
Southern  rebellion,  Congress  adjourned,  leaving  Dakota  ungov- 
erned  and  unorganized.  Not  to  be  discouraged  by  this  partial 
failure,  the  pioneers  assembled  again  in  mass  convention  at  Yank- 
ton, December  27,  1860,  and  again  on  January  15,  1861,  and  pre- 
pared earnest  memorials  to  Congress,  which  having  been  signed  by 
five  hundred  and  seventy-eight  citizens,  were  forwarded  to  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States  Senate.  Congi-ess  at  last  granted  the  prayer  of 
the  petitioners;  the  Oi'gauic  Act  was  passed  in  February,  1861,  and 
approved  by  President  Buchanan  on  the  2d  day  of  March,  1861, 
thus  giving  to  Dakota  a  Territorial  government.  The  Territory 
being  at  that  time  so  far  removed  from  railroads  and  the  telegraph, 
the  news  did  not  reach  Yankton  until  eleven  days  after  the  pas- 
sage of  the  law. 

Under  the  new  boundaries,  the  Territory,  at  that  time,  com- 
prised all  of  the  present  Territory  of  Montana  and  the  eastern 
slope  of  Idaho,  and  contained  about  350,000  square  miles,  being 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  British  line,  east  by  Minnesota  and 
Iowa,  south  by  the  Iowa  line,  and  the  Missouri,  Niobrara  and  Turtle 
Hill  Rivers,  up  and  along  the  ISd  parallel  of  latitude,  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains:  thence  along  their  snowy  range  to  British  America. 
Some  70,000  square  miles  of  this  territory  was  situated  east  of  the 
Missouri  River,  and  constituted  that  country  which  had  been 
trimmed  off  from  the  State  of  Minnesota  in  1858;  while  a  vast 
expanse  of  the  new  Territory,  reaching  from  the  Missouri  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  was  carved  out  of  the  old  Territory  of  Ne- 
braska, as  formed  in  1851.  Dakota,  thus  established,  constituted 
the  largest  organized  Territory  in  the  United  States,  and  afforded 
a  river  navigation  of  not  less  than  2,000  miles. 

In  the  month  of  June,  the  Federal  officers  of  the  Territory 
arrived,  and  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties.  William 
Jayne,  of  Illinois,  was  the  first  Governor;  John  Hutchinson,  of 
Minnesota,  Secretary;  Philemon  Bliss,  of  Ohio,  Chief  Justice;  L. 


20  HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA. 

P.  Williston,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  J.  L.  William^,  of  Tennessee, 
District  Judges;  W.  E.  Gleeson,  of  Maryland,  United  States  At- 
torney; W.  F.  Shaeffer,  United  States  Marshal;  George  D.  Hill, 
of  Micdiigan,  United  States  Surveyor-General;  W.  A.  Burleigh,  of 
Pennsylvania,  United  States  Agent  for  the  Yankton  Indians;  H. 
A.  Hoffman,  of  New  York,  Agent  for  the  Ponca  tribe. 

A  census  was  taken  showing  the  population  of  the  Territory  to 
be  two  thousand,  four  hundred  and  two,  and  on  the  13th  of  July 
the  first  proclamation  of  the  Governor  was  issued,  dividing  the 
Territory  into  judicial  districts  and  assigning  the  judges  thereto. 
On  the  29tli  of  July,  1861,  the  second  executive  proclamation  was 
issued,  dividing  the  Territory  into  legislative  districts,  and  ap- 
pointing the  16th  day  of  September  for  a  general  election  to 
choose  a  Delegate  in  Congress,  members  of  the  Legislature  and 
county  officers. 

And  now  for  the  first  time  the  hardy  pioneers  of  Dakota  had  to 
do  with  the  perplexing  questions  of  politics.  Captain  J.  B.  S 
Todd  appeared  as  the  independent  candidate  for  Delegate  in  Con- 
gress; a  convention  held  at  Vermillion  in  June  nominated  A.  J. 
Bell  as  the  Union  candidate;  while  C.  P.  Booge  declared  himself 
as  the  people's  candidate.  Todd  was  supported  by  the  Dakotaian,  a 
newspaper,  at  Yankton,  and  Bell  by  the  Bepnblican  at  Vermillion, 
while  Booge  relied  upon  his  stump  speakers  and  fast  horses.  Elec- 
tion came  and  passed;  five  hundred  and  eighty-five  votes  were  cast 
in  the  Territory,  of  which  Todd  received  three  hundred  and  nine- 
ty-seven, Booge  one  hundred  and  ten,  and  Bell  seventy-eight. 
The  Board  of  Territorial  Canvassers  ^therefore  issued  to  Todd 
the  certificate  of  election  as  first  Delegate  to  Congress  from 
Dakota.  The  Legislature  chosen  at  the  same  election,  consist- 
ing of  nine  members  of  the  Council  and  thirteen  members  of 
the  Lower  House,  was  convened  by  the  Governor  at  Yank- 
ton, March  17,  1862,  and  perfected  its  organization  by  the 
selection  of  J,  H.  Shober,  President,  and  James  Tufts,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Council ;  and  George  M.  Pinney,  Speaker,  and  J. 
R.  Hanson,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  House.  A  creditable  code  of  laws 
for  the  Territory  was  enacted,  the  capital  located  by  law  at  Yank- 
ton, and  the  Pembina  settlement  given  a  representation  of  three 
legis'ators.  The  contest  over  the  location  of  the  capital  grew  ?o 
threatening  that  the  Governor  ordered  a  squad  of  armed  United 
States  soldiers  into  the  House  to  prevent  violence  to  Speaker  Pin- 


HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA.  21 


ney.  The  next  day  Pinney  resigned,  and  J.  L.  Tiernon  waS 
chosen  Speaker,  The  Legislature  adjourned  May  15,  1862,  hav- 
ing been  in  session  sixty  days. 

During  the  winter  of  1861-62,  in  the  midst  of  the  Rebellion,  the 
Secretary  of  War  authorized  the  enlistment  of  Company  A,  Da- 
kota Cavalry,  which  organization,  consisting  of  ninety-six  men, 
was  mustered  into  the  United  States  service,  April  19,  1862,  with 
Nelson  Miner  as  captain;  and  in  the  following  winter.  Company 
B,  Dakota  Cavalry,  consisting  of  eighty-eight  men,  was  mustered 
into  the  United  States  service,  with  William  Tripp  as  captain. 

In  March,  1862,  during  the  breaking  up  of  the  Missouri  River, 
that  great  stream  became  gorged  with  ice  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Dakota  River,  and  the  waters  were  thrown  over  the  banks,  cover- 
ing nearly  the  whole  valley  for  sixty  miles  to  Sioux  City.  The 
settlers  were  driven  from  their  homes  by  the  floods,  and  were 
obliged  to  flee  to  the  high  lands,  with  their  families  and  their 
herds,  for  safety.  The  preceding  winter  had  been  one  of  terrible 
storms  and  drifting  snows,  causing  much  suffering  in  the  poorly 
constructed  houses  of  the  pioneers,  and  in  some  cases  death  from 
freezing;  while  the  great  prairie  fires  of  the  previous  autumn  had 
brought  much  disaster  to  property  and  danger  to  life.  The  sea- 
son of  1862  following,  however,  proved  to  be  one  of  comparative 
prosperity  to  the  husbandman;  the  harvests  were  bountiful,  immi- 
gration increased,  and  towns  and  villages  sprang  to  view  along  the 
wooded  streams. 

The  second  general  election  was  held  September  1st,  1862. — 
Gov.  Jayne  and  General  Todd  were  opposing  candidates  for  Con- 
gress. Politics  were  discarded,  and  they  entered  the  field  as  Union 
candidates,  accompanied  by  two  corresponding  tickets  for  territo- 
rial offices  and  members  of  the  Legislature.  Eight  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  votes  were  polled  in  the  Territory,  of  which  Jayne  re- 
ceived four  hundred  and  eight  and  Todd  three  hundred  and  seven- 
ty-five. Todd  contested  the  seat  of  Jayne  before  the  United  States 
House  of  Representatives,  and  was  awarded  the  seat  as  Delegate  in 
that  body,  upon  a  basis  of  three  hundred  and  forty-five  votes  for 
Todd,  and  two  hundred  and  forty-six  for  Jayne. 

On  the  30th  day  of  August,  1862,  the  inhabitants  were  startled 
by  the  alarming  news  that  the  Sioux  Indians  of  the  adjoining  state 
of  Minnesota  had  broken  out  in  bloody  war  against  the  whites, 
and  that  several  hundred  defenceless   men,  women   and   children 


22  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 

had  been  savagely  murdered  in  their  homes.  This  fearful  tale  of 
slaughter,  coupled  with  the  rejiort  that  the  revengeful  army  of 
red  men,  reeking  with  innocent  blood,  was  moving  westward  to 
attack  the  weak  and  defenceless  settlements  of  Dakota,  could  not 
but  cast  terror  and  tears  around  the  hearthstone  of  many  a  home 
in  the  territory.  Here  these  people  had  planted  their  humble 
abodes  in  the  Wild  West,  and  with  scanty  means,  but  with  indus- 
try and  frugality,  they  were  perfecting,  day  by  day,  their  little 
homes  of  peace  and  comfort. 

The  Governor  immediately  issued  a  proclamation,  calling  into 
armed  service  all  citizens  of  the  Territory  subject  to  military  duty, 
to  protect  the  frontier  homes  and  families  against  the  expected  at- 
tack. Some  four  hundred  citizens  of  the  Territory  responded  to 
the  Governor's  proclamation,  left  their  fields  and  work-shops,  and 
formed  themselves  into  hastily  organized  military  companies,  fur- 
nishing their  own  fire-arms,  subsistence  and  clothing.  Fortifica- 
tions were  speedily  thrown  up  in  the  principal  towns,  and  all  the 
farming  settlements  on  the  Missouri  slope  were  quickly  abandoned, 
some  sending  their  women  and  children  to  the  neighboring  States 
for  safety,  while  others  took  refuge  in  the  stockades  at  the  towns, 
to  uiiite  with  the  villagers  in  mutual  protection.  Two  citizens  of 
Sioux  Falls  were  murdered  near  the  village;  one  citizen  was  mur- 
dered and  others  wounded  at  the  Dakota  River  ferry,  within  three 
miles  of  the  capital;  the  United  States  mail  carrier  between  Sioux 
Falls  and  Yankton  was  waylaid  and  robbed;  a  stage  driver  on  the 
public  highway,  near  Choteau  Creek,  was  shot  dead;  and  between 
Vermillion  and  Yankton  a  skirmishing  war-party  for  a  time  pre- 
vented travel  upon  the  stage-road.  At  Yankton  all  the  inhabitants 
of  the  surrounding  country  had  assembled  for  defence  within  the 
barracks  of  the  town.  Within  these  rude  walls  the  citizens  re- 
mained under  arms  day  and  night,  until  United  States  troops  began 
to  arrive,  and  the  Indians  had  retreated  from  the  embargoed  set- 
tlements. The  farmers  then  ventured  back  to  their  devastated 
homes,  to  gather  a  winter's  subsistence  from  their  damaged  har- 
vests and  scattered  herds.  Company  A,  Captain  Miner,  and  Com- 
pany B,  Captain  Tripp,  were  stationed  for  the  winter  among  the 
settlements. 

The  second  session  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  commenced  on 
the  1st  of  December.  The  Lower  House  was  in  session  seventeen 
days  before  a  permanent  organization  could  be  efiected,  the  Gov- 


HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA.  23 


ernor  withholding  his  message  meanwhile.  The  Council  organized 
permanently  on  the  first  day  of  the  session,  by  the  selection  of 
Enos  Stutsman,  President,  and  James  Tufts,  Secretary.  The 
House  formed  a  temporary  organization  by  the  election  of  A.  J. 
Harlan,  Speaker,  and  B.  M.  Smith,  Chief  Clerk.  Ten  days  were 
consumed  over  contested  seats,  when,  upon  the  ground  of  an  ob- 
jectionable decision  by  the  Speaker,  six  members  withdrew  from 
the  House,  leaving  that  body  without  a  quorum.  The  six  mem- 
bers returned  on  the  sixteenth  day  of  the  session,  and  the  House 
was  permanently  organized  by  the  election  of  M.  K.  Armstrong, 
Speaker,  and  Robert  Hagamau,  Chief  Clerk.  The  following  day 
the  Grovernor's  messrge  was  received,  and  the  session  proceeded  in 
harmony. 

During  the  summer  of  1862,  the  first  discovery  of  gold  had 
been  made  in  Western  Dakota,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  within  the  limits  of  the  present  Territories  of  Idaho 
and  Montana;  and  on  the  3d  of  the  following  March,  1863,  Con- 
gress constructed  the  new  Territory  of  Idaho,  comprising  all  that 
portion  of  Dakota  west  of  the  27th  degree  of  longitude,  passing 
northward  through  the  Black  Hills,  and  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Yellowstone  River.  Over  twelve  thousand  people  emigrated  to 
the  mountain  mines  of  Idaho  in  1863,  and  in  May,  1864,  the  new 
Territory  of  Montana  was  framed  out  of  Eastern  Idaho,  with  a 
population  of  ten  thousand  people,  and  a  yearly  product  of  seven 
million  dollars  in  gold. 

The  spring  of  1863  had  opened  with  discouraging  prospects  to 
the  settlers  in  Southern  Dakota.  The  fear  of  a  long  and  disas- 
trous Indian  war  was  still  prevalent  among  the  people.  The  set- 
tlements were  again  unguarded  and  defenceless;  no  military  pro- 
tection was  afi^orded  by  the  commander  of  the  district  until  a  dar- 
ing murder  was  committed  by  a  war-party  of  Indians  on  a  public 
hio-hway  within  three  miles  of  the  capitol,  and  whole  settlements 
of  industrious  farmers  had  abandoned  the  Territory  with  their 
families  and  herds. 

In  June,  1863,  the  Government  dispatched  to  the  Territory  two 
thousand  mounted  troops,  under  General  Sully,  who  pursued  and 
punished  the  Indians  at  the  battle  of  Whitestone  Hills,  and  after- 
wards returned  to  garrison  the  frontier  settlements  for  the  winter. 
Fort  Sully  was  built  and  garrisoned  as  the  most  frontier  military 
post  in  the  Territory.  The  Santee  and  Winnebago  tribes  of  Indians 


24  HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA. 


were  removed,  during  the  same  season,  from  Minnesota  and  located 
upon  reservations  in  Dakota.  Eighteen  large  steamboats  passed 
up  the  Missouri  River  into  the  Territory  the  same  season,  being 
engaged  in  transporting  freight  for  the  soldiers  and  Indians,  and 
mills  and  mathiner}'  for  the  mines  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Dakota's  population  was  augmented  in  the  spring  of  1864,  by  a 
colony  from  the  State  of  Ncav  York,  headed  by  Hon.  J.  S.  Fos- 
ter, nearly  all  of  whom  located  in  the  Missouri  Valley. 

In  June  of  this  year,  General  Sull}"  led  his  second  military  expe- 
detion  through  the  Territory,  to  punish  the  tribes  which  were  still 
on  the  war-path.  One  of  his  steamers  made  the  first  trip  up  the 
Yellowstone  River  to  near  mouth  of  the  Big  Horn,  carrying  sup- 
plies for  the  troops.  His  command  numbered  about  two  thousand 
five  hundred  men,  and  notwithstanding  detachments  of  troops 
were  left  in  his  rear  to  protect  the  settlements,  the  United  States 
mail  stage  was  attacked  and  a  murder  committed  almost  within 
signal-shot  of  a  garrison.  A  whole  family  of  innocent  and 
defenceless  children  were  horribly  butchered  by  the  Indians  at  St. 
Helena,  twelve  miles  below  Yankton.  The  season  of  1864  was  a 
sad  one  for  the  settlements.  Not  onlv  did  lurking  Indians  hang 
upon  the  border  for  robbery  and  rapine,  but  unremmitting  drouth 
and  clouds  of  grasshoppers  swept  the  bloom  from  the  fields  and 
verdure  from  the  plains,  and  with  the  approach  of  autumn,  the 
despondent  farmers  repaired  with  their  teams  to  the  neighboring 
States,  to  bring  in  supplies  upon  which  to  subsist  until  another 
hervest-time.  The  prospects  for  the  future  were  indeed  gloomy, 
and  many  of  the  earliest  settlers  abandoned  the  Territory  for  the 
purpose  of  riaking  homes  elsewhere. 

On  the  11th  of  October  occurred  the  third  Congressional  Elec- 
tion, wherein  W.  A.  Burleigh  and  J.  B.  S.  Todd  were  opposing 
candidates  for  Delegate,  running  substantially  upon  the  same  po- 
litical platform.  But  little  interest  was  manifested,  and  a  small 
vote  was  polled.  Indians,  grasshoppers  and  continued  misfortunes 
had  abated  the  political  and  agricultural  ardor  of  a  despondent 
people.  Six  hundred  and  seven  votes  were  polled,  of  Avhich  Bur- 
leigh received  three  hundred  and  eighty-six  and  Todd  two  hundred 
and  twenty-two.  Burleigh  was  therefore  duly  declared  by  the 
canvassers  to  be  elected  as  the  third  Delegate  in  Congress.  The 
annual  message  of   Governor  Edmunds  to  the  Legislature,  in  De- 


HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA.  25 


cember,  recited  in  full  the  misfortunes  and  losses  of  the  past  year, 
but  predicted  a  more  encouraging  future. 

The  spring  of  1865  gave  promise  of  a  prosperous  future  to  the 
Territory.  Eighty-five  thousand  dollars  had  been  appropriated  by 
Congress  for  the  opening  of  wagon  roads  through  the  Territory  to 
the  Rocky  Mountain  gold  mines.  Col.  James  A.  Sawyers  was  ap- 
pointed Superintendent  to  construct  the  road  from  Niobrara  to 
Virginia  City,  with  ^50,000;  Col.  G.  C.  Moody  was  assigned  to  the 
road  from  Sioux  City  up  the  Missouri  Valley  to  the  Great  Chey- 
enne, with  $25,000;  and  W.  W.  Brookings,  with  |30,000,  was  se- 
lected to  construct  a  road  across  Dakota  from  the  Minnesota  line, 
out  to  Cheyenne,  to  intersect  with  the  Sawyers  route,  west  of  the 
Black  Hills.  The  first  permanent  bridges  were  built  over  the  Big 
Sioux,  Vermillion  and  Dakota  Rivers. 

In  June,  Gen.  Sully  led  his  third  expedition  up  the  Missouri 
Valley  into  the  Indian  country,  and  with  the  exception  of  the 
Brule  Creek  Massacre  in  August,  peace  and  safety  generally  pre- 
vailed throughout  settled  portions  of  the  Territory.  The  season 
was  a  favorable  one  for  the  farmers,  and  the  fields  yielded  a  boun- 
tiful harvest.  Schools  were  numerously  established  throughout 
the  Territory,  and  the  erection  of  an  Episcopal  church  was  begun 
at  Yankton.  The  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  held  its  first  session 
at  Yankton,  on  the  6th  day  of  July.  1865. 

With  the  opening  of  spring  in  1866,  the  three  years'  war  with 
the  Indians  was  declared  at  an  end,  and  a  Board  of  Peace  Commis- 
sioners, to  form  treaties  of  perpetual  peace  and  friendship  with  the 
wild  tribes  of  Sioux  on  the  Missouri  River,  was  sent  out  by  the 
Government,  Governor  Edmunds,  of  Dakota,  being  one  of  the 
Commissioners,  and  M.  K.  Armstrong,  Secretary.  The  Commis- 
sion left  Yankton  by  steamboat  in  May,  and  ascended  the  Missouri 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  into  Montana,  returning  in 
August,  having  spent  nearly  four  months  in  holding  councils  and 
making  treaties  with  nearly  all  the  wild  tribes  on  the  upper  river. 

In  the  autumn  the  regular  Congressional  election  occurred.  Dr. 
W.  A.  Burleigh  and  W.  W.  Brookings  were  opposing  candidates. 
Burleigh  ran  on  the  ''Johnson"  platform — Brookings  as  a  straight 
Republican.  The  total  vote  Avas  eight  hundred  and  forty-six,  of 
which  Burleigh  received  five  hundred  and  ninety-two,  and  Brook- 
ings two  hundred  and  fifty-four,  indicating  a  population  of  about 
five  thousand.     The  previous  year,  the  first  assessment  of  personal 


26  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


property  in  the  Territory  had  been  made,  the  returns  exhibiting  a 
valuation  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  thousand,  nine  hundred 
and  sixty-three  dollars. 

There  was  a  steady  and  increasing  groAvth  in  1867  and  1868;  new 
counties  were  organized,  towns  and  villages  increased,  immigra- 
tion was  renewed,  the  land  surveys  were  extended  into  the  Red 
River  Valley,  and  the  Territory,  for  the  first  time,  began  its  career 
of  permanent  progress.  The  first  railroad  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa, 
was  completed  in  1868,  near  the  eastern  line  of  Dakota.  The 
Union  Pacific  railroad  was  also  completed  through  Southwestern 
Dakota,  and  the  territory  of  Wyoming  was  created  therefrom  by 
act  of  Congress.  Prior,  however,  to  the  separation  of  Wyoming 
from  Dakota,  the  fifth  congressional  election  had  been  held  in  the 
autumn  of  1868,  whereat  the  united  vote  of  the  two  Territories  was 
4,681;  S.  S.  Spink  received  1.424;  J.  B.  S.  Todd,  1,089;  M.  Too- 
hey,  878;  W.  A.  Burleigh,  697:  J.  P.  Kidder.  591.  Spink  was 
therefore  declared  elected. 

Governor  Faulk's  annual  message  to  the  Legislature  that  winter 
revealed  a  very  satisfactory  condition  of  the  growth,  prospects  and 
finances  of  the  territory.  The  great  Sioux  Indian  Treaty  had 
been  made,  and  the  Black  Hills  country  set  apart  as  a  reservation 
for  the  variovis  tribes  of  Sioux.  The  white  population  of  Da- 
kota had  increased  forty-two  per  cent.  Over  one  thousand  farms 
had  been  located  by  immigrants  under  the  homestead  and  pre-emp- 
tion laws.  The  harvests  were  bountiful,  and  found  ready  sale  by 
reason  of  the  constant  demand  to  supply  the  new  Indian  agencies 
and  military  posts  on  the  upper  river.  Immigration  pressed  into 
the  territory  as  never  before,  selecting  homes  in  the  southern 
counties,  on  the  streams,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  the  popula- 
tion of  the  territory  was  estimated  at  twelve  thousand. 

With  the  opening  of  1869,  the  stream  of  immigration  to  the 
southern  counties  continued  to  pour  in;  navigation  on  the  Missouri 
River  far  exceeded  that  of  any  former  season;  many  large  and 
substantial  blocks  of  buildings  were  built  in  the  various  towns, 
and  handsome  church  edifices  and  commodious  school  houses  began 
to  take  the  places  of  the  rude  structures  of  earlier  days.  Mer- 
chants and  mechanics  prospered,  and  the  farmers  were  favored 
with  abundant  harvests,  although  in  some  localities  the  great  prai- 
rie fires  of  autumn  laid  waste  much  valuable  property. 


HISTORY   OF   DAKOTA.  27 


During  1869  and  1870  several  iinsuecessfnl  attempts  were  made 
to  secure  the  building  of  a  railroad  along  the  Missouri  Valley, 
through  the  counties  of  Clay,  Union  and  Yankton,  a  line  of  road 
having  been  sarveyed  and  a  mile  or  two  graded  to  Elk  Point;  but 
no  aid  being  given  by  congress,  the  project  was  temporarily  aban- 
doned. The  first  telegraph  line  in  the  Territory  was  built  in  the 
fall  of  1870,  leading  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  to  Yankton.  Seven 
newspapers  were  published  in  the  Territory,  each  Republican  in 
politics. 

The  fifth  congressional  election  took  place  in  October,  1870,  W. 
A.  Burleigh,  S.  L.  Spink  and  M.  K.  Armstrong  being  the  candi- 
dates. Three  thousand,  three  hundred  and  two  votes  were  polled, 
of  which  Armstrong  received  one  thousand,  one  hundred  and  nine- 
ty-eight, Burleigh  one  thousand,  one  hundred  and  two,  and  Spink 
one  thousand  and  two.  Armstrong  was  declared  duly  elected.  At 
the  assembling  of  the  legislature  in  December,  the  message  of 
Governor  Burbank  pronounced  the  Territory  on  the  high  road  to 
prosperity.  The  national  census  of  1870  showed  the  population  of 
Dakota  to  be  fourteen  thousand,  one  hundred  and  eighty. 

The  succeeding  two  years  were  marked  by  continued  prosperity 
and  renewed  activity  in  the  matter  of  railroad  building.  Over 
two  hundred  miles  of  railroad  were  built  in  Dakota  in  1872.  In 
October  of  the  same  year  occurred  the  sixth  congressional  election. 
G.  C.  Moody,  W.  W.  Brookings  and  M.  K.  Armstrong  were  the 
candidates.  The  total  vote  of  the  Territory  was  forty-five  hun- 
dred and  ninety-nine,  indicating  a  population  of  about  twenty- 
three  thousand  people.  Armstrong  received  two  thousand  and 
three.  Moody  fifteen  hundred  and  ninety  four,  and  l^rookings  one 
thousand  and  two.     Mr.  Armstrong  was  declared  elected. 

The  year  1873  opened  with  most  encouraging  prospects.  The 
railroad  to  the  capital  had  been  completed,  and  with  spring  nava- 
gation  the  government  freights  for  the  upper  military  posts  and 
Indian  agencies  were  shipped  by  rail  to  Yankton,  and  there  trans- 
ferred to  steamboats  to  be  transported  up  the  river.  The  season 
propitious  to  the  husbandman  and  the  yield  of  wheat  and  other 
grains  was  so  large  that  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
Territory,  considerable  shipments  were  made  to  eastern  markets. 
During  1873  and  1874  grain  raising  was  established  as  the  princi- 
ple feature  of  farming  in  Dakota,  and  additional  flouring  mills 
were  erected  in  diiferent  parts  of  the  Territory.     The  new   forest 


28  IIISTOKY    OK    DAKOTA. 


culture  law  of  Congress  had  done  much  toward  settling  up  the 
prairie  countries,  while  the  recent  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Black 
Hills  by  General  Custer's  army  had  attracted  large  numbers  of 
miners  to  Western  Dakota.  With  the  gathering  of  the  harvests 
of  IST'l,  it  was  demonstrated  that  the  soil  and  climate  of  Dakota, 
rendered  it  one  of  the  finest  wheat-growing  regions  of  the  whole 
West,  and  the  grain  was  eagerly  sought  by  eastern  buyers. 

In  October  came  the  seventh  congressional  election  in  the  Ter- 
ritory. Judge  J.  W  Kidder  and  M.  K.  Armstrong  were  the  candi- 
dates. Nine  thousand,  five  hundred  and  eighteen  votes  were  re- 
turned, indicating  a  total  population  of  nearly  fifty  thousand.— 
The  certificate  of  election  was  awarded  to  Kidder. 

The  following  is  the  list  of 

DELEGATES  IN  COXGRESS 

from  Dakota,  from  the  first  election  to  the  present  time,  together 
with  their  terms  of  service: 

J.  B.  S.  Todd,  Fort  Randall,  1861-65;  W.  A.  Bnrleiijli,  Bon  Homme,  1865-69; 
S.  L.  Spink,  Yankton,  1869-71;  W.  K.  Armstrong,  Yankton,  1871-75;  JefF  P. 
Kidder,  Vermillion,  1875-79;  G.  G.  Bennett,  Deadwood,  1879-81;  R.  F.  Petti- 
grew,  Sioux  Falls,  present  incumbent. 

FEDERAL  OFFICERS. 

The  persons  who  have  held  ofiices  in  Dakota  Territory  under 
appointment  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  other  terms 
of  service,  are  named  below: 

Governors.— W.  Jayne,  1861  to  1863;  Newton  Edmunds,  1863  to  18G6;  A.  J. 
Faulk,  1866  to  1869;  John  A.  Burbank,  1869  to.  1874;  John  L.  Pennington,  1874 
to  1878.  Wm.  A.  Howard  assumed  the  office  of  governor  on  the  14th  of  April, 
1878,  and  died  on  the  10th  of  April,  1880.     N.  G.  Ordway. 

All  of  Dakota's  ex-Governors,  excepting  the  last  named,  are  liv- 
ing, and  three  of  them— Edmunds,  Faulk  and  Pennington  reside 
in  the  territory.  Jayne  resides  in  Springfield,  Ills.,  and  Burbank 
holds  a  position  in  the  postofiice  department  at  Washington. 

SECUETAUIES. 

John  Hutchinson,  1861  to  1865;  S.  L.  Spink,  1865  to  1869;  Turney  M.  Wil- 
kins  1869  to  1870;  Geo  A.  Batchelder,  1870  to  1872;  Edwin  S.  McCook.  ap- 
pointed in  1872  and  was  assassinated  in  Sept.,  1873,  by  Peter  P.  Wintermute. 
Oscar  Whitney,  1873  to  1874;  Geo.  H.  Hani,  present  incumbent. 

CniEF   .JUSTICES. 

Philemon  Bliss,  1861  to  1864,  now  in  Missouri;  Ara  Barllett,  1865  to  1869,' 
nowin  Kansas;  Geo.  W.  French,  1869  to  1873,  now  in  Maine;  Peter  C.  Shan- 
non, 1873,  present  incumbent. 

ASSOCIATE  .rUSTICES. 

Lorenzo  P.  Williston,  1861  to  1865;  Jo.'eph  L.  Williams.  1861    to  1864;  Ara 


HISTORY   OF  DAKOTA.  29 


Bartlett,  1864  to  1869;  Wm.  E.  Gleason,  1864  to  1865;  J.  P.  Kidder,  1865  to 
1875;  J.  W.  Boyle.  1866  to  1869;  W.  W.  Brookings,  1869  to  1873;  A.  H.  Barnes, 
1873  to  1881;  G.  G.  Bennett,  1875  to  1878;  G.  C.  Moody,  1878,  present  incum- 
bent; J.  P.  Kidder,  1879,  present  incumbent;  Sanford  A.  Hudson,  1881,  pres- 
ent incumbent. 

DISTRICT  ATTORNEYS.  . 

Wm.  E.  Gleason,  1861  to  1865;  Geo.  H.  Hand,  1866  to  1873;  Wm.  Pound, 
1873  to  1878;  Hugh  J.  Campbell,  1S78,  present  incumbent;  Wm  Pound  died  in 

office. 

SURVEYORS  GENERAL. 

Geo.  D.  Hill,  1861  to  1865;  Wm.  Tripp,  1865  to  1869;  W.  H.  H.  Beadle, 
1869  to  1873;  W.  P.  Dewey,  1873  to  1877;  Henry  Espersen,  1877  to  1881;  C.  S. 
Fessenden,  1881,  present  incumbent. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  United  States  Marshals  and  In- 
ternal Revenue  officers,  given  in  the  order  in  which  they  served: 

U.  8.  MARSHALS. 

Wm  F.  Shaffer,  Geo.  M,  Pinney,  L.  H.  Litchfield,  J.  H.  Burdick,  John  B. 
Raymond. 

Internal  Revenue  Officers. 

Wm.  Sliriner,  collector;  A.  L.  Edwards,  assessor;  G.  P.  Bennett,  collector; 
John  Pope  Hodnett,  assessor;  Geo.  W.  Kingsbury,  assessor;  W.  K.  HoUen- 
beck,  collector;  John  L.  Pennington,  collector. 

members  op  the  legislative  assembly. 
The  following  is  a  complete  list  of   the  members  of  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly,  beginning  with  the  first  session,  in  1861-2,  and  in- 
cluding the  session  of  1881: 

FIRST  SESSION — 1861-2. 

Counc>l.—\Y.  W.  Brookings,  Austin  Cole,  H.  D.  Belts,  John  W.  Boyle,  Ja- 
cob Deuel,  Enos  Stutsman,  D.  T.  Bramble,  John  H.  Shober,  J.  Shaw  Gregory. 

House — John  McBride,  Christopher  Maloney,  G.  P.  Waldron,  Hugh  Donald- 
son, A.  W.  Puett,   Lyman  Burgess,  J.  A.  Jacobson,  John  Stanage,  M.  K.  Arm- 
strong, Geo.  M.  Pinney,  Reuben  Wallace,  John  L.  Tiernon. 
SECOND  SESSION — 1862-3. 

Council. — W.  W.  Brookings,  Austin  Colo,  John  W.  Boyle,  Jacob  Deuel,  Enos 
Stutsman,  D.  T.  Bramble,  J.  H.  Shober,  J.  Shaw  Gregorj^  H.  D.  Betts,  James 
McFetridge. 

House. — M.  K.  Armstrong,  L.  Bothun,  J.  Y.  Buckman,  H.  S.  Donaldson,  M. 
H.  Somers,  E.  GifFord,  A.  J.  Harlan,  J.  A.  Jacobson,  R.  M.  Johnson,  Knud 
Larson,  F.  D.  Pease,  A.  W.  Puett,  N.  J.  Wallace,  G.  P.  Waldron. 

THIRD  SESSION — 1863-4. 

Co((«r(7.— Enos  Stutsman,  J.  M.  Stone,  G.  W.  Kingsbury,  J.  0.  Taylor,  M. 
M.  Rich,  John  Mathers,  Lasse  Bothun,  Hugh  Compton,  Franklin  Taylor,  D.  P- 
Bradford,  J.  Shaw  Gregory,  John  J.  Thompson. 

House — Washington  Reid,  P.  H.  Risling,  E.  W.  Wall,  Jesse  Wherrj-,  Peter 
Keegan,  M.  G.  Curtis,  Asa  Mattison.  B.  A.  Hill,  Duncan  Ross,  Albert  Gore, 
L.  Burgess,   Ole  Bottolfson,    A.  W.  Puett,    E.  M.  Bond,    Wm.  Shriner,    0.  L. 


30  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 

Pratt,   John  Lawrence,   Henry  Brooks,   L.  H.  Litchfield,  W.  Brookings,  Knud 

Larson. 

FOURTH  SESSION — 1864-5. 

C'o»»ri7.— Enos  Stutsman,  .1.  M  Stone,  G.  W.  Kingsbury,  J.  0.  Taylor,  M. 
'SI.  Kich,  John  Mathers,  Lasse  Bothun,  Hugh  Conipton,  Franklin,  Taylor,  D.  ?• 
Brailfbril,  J.  Shaw  Gregory,  John  J.  Thompson. 

lIoKsr. — W.  W.  Brookings,  H.  Burgess,  J.  P.  l?urgman,  A.  Christy,  B.  W. 
Collar,  Felicia  Fallas,  J.  R.  Hanson,  Peter  Keegan,  G.  W.  Kellogg,  Peter  Le- 
monges,  John  Lawi-ence,  M.  M.  Matthiesen,  Helge  Matthews,  Francis  McCarty, 
J.  W.  Owens,  G.  W.  Pratt,  Washington  Reid,  John  Rouse,  Wm.  Shriner,  Geo. 
Stickney,  John  W.  Turner,  E.  W.  Wall. 

FIFTH  SESSION — 1865-6. 

Council. — M.  K.  Armstrong,  Austin  Cole,  G.  W.  Kingsbury,  Chas.  La  Breeche, 
Nathaniel  Ross,  0.  F.  Stevens,  John  J.  Thompson,  J.  W.  Turner,  A.  Van  Osdel, 
Knud  Weeks,  Enos  Stutsman. 

House. — Thomas  C.  Watson,  E.  C.  Collins,  Wm.  Walter,  Michael  Currj', 
Michael  Rj'an,  Jas.  Whitehorn,  H.  J.  Austin,  G.  B.  Bigelow,  Amos  Hampton, 
Franklin  Taylor,  Jas.  McHenry,  Jas.  Ellis,  A.  M.  English,  Jacob  Branch,  H.  C. 
Ash,  S.  C.  Fargo,  W.  W.  Brookings,  Jonathan  Brown,  J.  A.  Lewis,  C.  H.  Mc- 
Carthy, Wm.  Stebens,  Edward  Lent,  G.  W.  Kellogg,  Chas.  Cooper. 
SIXTH  SESSION — 1866-7. 

Council. — M.  K.  Armstrong,  Austin  Cole,  A.  G.  Fuller,  G.  W.  Kingsbury, 
Chas.  LaBreeche,  J.  A.  Lewis,  D.  M.  Mills,  Nathaniel  Ross,  0.  F.  Stevens> 
John  J.  Thompson,  J.  W.  Turner,  A.  Van  Osdel,  Knud  Weeks. 

House.— E.  C.  Ash,  H.  J.  Austin,  D.  T.  Bramble,  W.  N.  CoUamer,  Michael 
Curry,  Hugh  Fraley,  Chas.  Frick,  L.  T.  Gore,  Wm.  Gray,  Hans  Gunderson,  M. 
U.  Hoyt,  Daniel  Hodgen,  Anion  Hauson,  R.  M.  Johnson,  G.  W.  Kellogg,  Vin- 
cent La  Belle,  C.  H.  McCarthy,  N.  C.  Stevens,  Wm.  Stevens,  John  Trumbo, 
Franklin  Taylor,  J.  B.  S.  Todd,  Eli  B.  Wixon,  Kii-win  Wilson. 
sevp:ntu  SESSION — 1867-8. 

Council. — H.  J.  Austin,  W.  W.  Brookings,  W.  W.  Benedict,  Aaron  Carpen- 
ter, R.  J.  Thomas,  Hugh  Fraley,  R.  R.  Green,  A.  H.  Hampton,  G.  W.  Kellogg. 
C.  H.  Mclntyre,  D.  M.  Mills,  C.  F.  Rossteuscher. 

House. — Wm.  Blair,  Wm.  Brady,  F.  Brown,  Jacob  Branch,  Jonathan  Brown, 
Caleb  Cummings,  Michael  Curry,  F.  J.  Dewitt,  Martin  V.  Farris,  Felicia  Fallas, 
L.  T.  Gore,  Hans  Gunderson,  A.  Hanson,  M.  U.  Hoyt,  John  L.  Jolley,  Jas.  Kee- 
gan, G.  C.  Moody,  F.  Nelson,  Michael  Ryan,  Enos  Stuti-man,  C.  G.  Shaw,  John 
J.  Thompson,  J.  D.  Tucker,  T.  C.  Watson. 

EIGHTH    SESSION — 1868-9. 

Council.— E.  J.  Austin,  W.  W.  Benedict,  W.  W.  Brookings,  Aaron  Carpen- 
ter, Hugh  Fraley,  R.  R.  Green,  A.  H.  Hampton,  G.  W.  Kellogg,  J.  A.  Lewis, 
C.  H.  Mclntyre,  C.  F.  Rossteuscher,  J.  A.  Wallace. 

Home.- A\fved  Abbott,  C.  D.  Bradley,  G.  P.  Bennett,  C.  M.  Brooks,  Jacob 
Branch,  John  Clemcntson.  M.  G.  Curtis,  J.  M.  Eves,  J.  Shaw  Gregory,  J.  T. 
Hewlett.  O.  T.  Haggin,  John  L.  Jolley,  A.  W.  Jamieson,  Hiram  Keith,  James 
Keegan,  Lewis  Larson,  Knud  Larson,  Joseph  La  Rorhe,  Joseph  Moulin,  G.  C. 
Moody,  Chas.  Ricker,  Enos  Stutsman.  M.  H.  Soniers,  R.  T.  Vinson. 


HISTORY   OF   DAKOTA.  31 


NINTH    SESSION — 1870-1 

Council — M.  K.  Armstrong,  Jacob  Brauch,  W.  M.  Cuppett,  Hugh  Fraley, 
S.  W.  Kidder,  J.  C.  Kennedy,  Emory  Morris,  Xelson  Miner,  C.  H.  Mclntyre, 
W.  T.  McKay,  J.  M.  Stone,  J.  W.  Turner. 

House — Clias.  Allen,  Ira  Barnes,  F.  J.  Cross,  C.  P.  Dow,  A.  P.  Hammon, 
Geo.  H.  Hand,  John  Hancock,  Wm.  Holbrough,  0.  B.  Iverson,  H.  A.  Gerauld, 
James  Keegan,  J.  La  Roche,  Nelson  Learnen,  A.  J.  Mills,  E.  Miner,  Rudolph 
Mostow,  S.  L.  Parks,  Amor  F.  Shaw,  Philip  Sherman,  J.  C.  Sinclair,  Ole 
Sampson,  Noah  Wherrj-,  E.  W.  Wall. 

TENTH  SESSION — 1873. 

Council— B.  T.  Bramble,  E.  B.  Crew,  H.  P.  Cooley,  G.  W.  Harlan,  Alexan- 
der Hughes,  John  Lawi-ence,  Nelson  Miner,  Joseph  Mason,  C.  H.  Mclntyre, 
W.  T.  McKay,  0.  T.  Stevens,  Enos  Stutsman,  Heniy  Smith. 

House — Samuel  Ashmore,  Ole  Bottolfson,  John  Becker,  Jacob  Brauch,  New- 
ton Clark,  J.  W.  Garland,  Michael  Glynn,  Wm.  Hamilton,  James  Hyde,  Cyrus 
Knapp,  T.  A.  Kingsbuiy,  Judson  La  Moure,  Joseph  Laglois,  A.  J.  Mills, 
Ephriom  Miner,  Geo.  Norbeck,  R.  F.  Pettigi-ew,  0.  C.  Peterson,  Silas  Rohr, 
Martm  Tiygstadt,  J.  W.  Turner,  John  Thompson,  B.  E.  Wood,  F.  T.  Wheeler, 
J.  M.  Wahl,  Jens  Peterson. 

ELEVENTH  SESSION — 1875. 

Council — H.  J.  Austin,  Jacob  Brauch,  Phihp  Chandler,  Benton  Fraley,  G. 
W.  Harlan,  John  Lawrence,  A.  McHench,  John  L.  JoUey,  M.  Pac'C,  M.  W. 
Sheafe,  0.  F.  Stevens,  C.  S.  West,  E.  A.  Williams. 

House — H.  0.  Anderson,  Geo.  Bosworth,  Hector  Bruce,  J.  L.  Beriy,  L. 
Bothun,  Michael  Crerrj',  Desire  Chause,  J.  M.  Cleland,  Ira  Ellis,  Patrick 
Hand,  J.  H.  Haas,  Knud  Larson,  Joseph  Zitka,  H.  N.  Luce,  G.  C.  Moody,  W. 
T.  McKay,  Henry  Reifsnyder,  A.  F.  Shaw,  C.  H.  Seams,  L.  Sampson,  S. 
Svenson,  A.  L.  Van  Osdell,'  M.  M.  WilUams,  Scott  Wright,  J.  M.  Wahl,  0.  B. 
Larson. 

TWELFTH  SESSION — 1877. 

Cotinil—B..  S.  Back,  M.  W.  Bailey,  W.  A.  Burleigh,  Wm.  Duncan,  Hans 
Gunderson,  J.  A.  La  Moure,  Nelson  Miner,  A.  J.  Mills,  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  J.  A. 
Potter,  C.  B.  Valentine,  J.  A.  Wallace,  Robert  Wilson. 

House— J.  M.  Adams,  A.  L.  Boe,  H.  A.  Burke,  J.  Q.  Burbank,*  W.  H.  H. 
Beadle,  A.  L.  Clark,  T.  S.  Clarkson,  G.  S.  Codington,  W.  F.  Dmidam,  John 
Falde,  D.  C.  Ha?e,  A.  G.  Hopkins,  M.  0.  Hexom,  Edmund  Hackett,  D.  M. 
Inman,  Erick  Iverson,  D.  M.  Kelleher,  Chas.  Maywald,  Hans  Myron,  John 
Sellberg,  Decatur  Stewart,  Asa  Sargent,  John  Tucker,  Franklin  Taylor,  John 
Thompson,  C.  H.  Van  Tassel,  S.  Soderstrom,  F.  M.  Ziebach. 

*Awarded  the  seat  of  D.  M.  Kelleher,  on  the  29th  day  of  the  session. 

THIRTEENTH  SESSION — 1879. 

Council — Wm.  M.  Cuppett,  M.  H.  Day,  Ira  Ellis,  Newton  Edmunds,  W.  L. 
Kerlkendall,  Nelson  Miner,  R.  McNider,  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  S.  T.  Roberts,  Silas 
Rohr,  C.  B.  Valentine,  H.  B.  Wynn,  G.  H.  Walsh. 

i/ow5t>— Alfred  Brown,  J.  Q.  Burbank,  P.  N.  Cross,  D.  W.  Flick,  A.  B. 
Fockler,  J.  R.  Gamble,  Ansley  Grey,  H.  Gunderson,  Ole  C.  Helveg,  John 
Hayes,  0.  J.  Hosboe,  Andrew  Hoyer,  J.  R.  Jackson,  Sever  Johnson,  J.  0. 
Langness,  Adolph  Mauxsch,  J.  M.  Peterson,  Michael  Shely,  Andrew  Simonson, 


32  HISTORY    OF   DAKOTA. 


J.  H.  Stevens,    Decatur  Stewart,    Martin  Trygstadt,  E.  C.  Walton,  Joel  Web- 
ber. Kmid  Wei'ks.  N.  C.  Whitfiokl.  * ""■^" 

KOUUTEENTII  SESSION — 1881. 

Council— M.  H.  Day,  Ira  W.  P'li^her.  John  It.  Gamble,  John  L.  Jollev,  J.  A. 
J.  Martin.  J.  0.  B.  Scobev,  Amos  F.  Shaw,  P.  R.  Smith,  John  Walsh,  Geo.  H. 
Wig^in,  John  R.  Wilson,  Geo.  H.  Walsh. 

House — James  Ba}^les,  S.  A.  Boyles.  F.  J.  Cross.  G.  H.  Dickey.  Erick  Elief- 
son,  L.  B.  French,  J'.  D.  Hale,  J.  A.  Harding,  D.  M.  Innian,  C.  B.  Kennedy, 
Judson  La  Moure,  Paul  Landman,  S.  McBratney,  J.  L.  Miller,  Knud  Nomland, 
Silas  Rohr,  Vale  P.  Thielman.  David  Thompson,  Albion  Thorne,  A.  L.  Van 
Osdel,  Porter  Warner,  E.  P.  Wells,  Isaac  Moore,  W.  H.  Donaldson. 

The  following  are  the  present  incumbents  of  the  principal 

TERRITORIAL  OFFICES: 

Governor,  Nehemiah  G.  Ordway:  Secretary,  Geo.  H.  Hand;  Chief  Justice, 
Peter  C.  Shannon;  Associate  Justices.  J.  P.  Kidder,  Vermillion;  G.  C.  Moody 
Deadwood.  Sanford  A.  Hudson  Fargo;  U.  S.  Attorney,  Hugh  J.  Campbell, 
Yankton;  U.  S.  Marshal,  John  B.  Raymond,  Fargo;  Surveyor  General,  C.  S. 
Fessenden ;  Auditor,  L.  M.  Purdy;  Treasurer,  W.  H.  McVay;  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  Wm.  H.  Beadle. 


THE  CENSUS  OF  1880. 

The  following  statement  as  to  the  census  of  Dakota  for  1880,  is 
as  accurate  as  is  obtainable.  Mr.  Hughes,  the  Census  Superintend- 
ent for  Dakota,  reported  to  the  newspapers  soon  after  the  Census 
was  completed,  the  following 

POPULATION"  OF  CITIES: 

Deadwood :3677     Lead  City 14B7 

Yankton :3484     Central  City 1012 

Fargo 2695    Terryville 776 

Sioux  Falls 2163    Watertown 746 

Bismarck 1760    Elk  Point 719 

Grand  Forks 1500    Vermillion 714 

Canton 635    Mandan 239 

Wahpeton    400    South  Bend 209 

Rapid  City :«5     Custer  City 201 

Rockerville 321     Bonnersville 195 

Valley  City 308    Huron 163 

Ft.  Pierre'. 297     GayviUe 130 

As  to  the  rapid  increase  of  the  population  of  the  above  cities, 
since  this  enumeration  was  made,  and,  indeed,  as  to  the  birth  and 
astonishing  growth  of  towns  not  enumerated  in  the  above,  the 
reader  is  referred  to  the  details  which  follow  in  their  appropriate 
places. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  results  of  the  first  count  of 
population  according  to  the  schedules  returned  to  the  census  office 
by  the  enumerators  of  the  several  districts  concerned. 

"  Indians  not  taxed,"  /.  e.,  Indians  in  tribal  relations,  under  the 
care  of  the  government,  are  not  included. 


HISTORY   OF   DAKOTA. 


33 


A  careful,  competent  and  reliable  gentleman,  who  is  in  position 

to  form  an  intelligent,  close  and  unbiased  estimate,  furnishes  the 

writer  with  the  following  brief  statement  as  to 

Dakota's  present  population: 

Population  of  Dakota,  June  30tli,  1880 136,000 

Land  taken  in  Dakota  in  1881-2,  2,600,000  acres— 16, 250  quarter  sections 
Counting  three  persons  to  eacli  quarter  sections,  (a  low  estimate,  as 
much  of  Dakota's  immigratibn  consists  of  families),   gives  additional 

population  of  over 48,000 

Add  one-half  as  many  for  that  portion  of  1880,  from  June,  1880,  to  Jan- 
uary,   1881 24,000 

Purchasers  of  railroad  lands 10,000 

Increase  in  population  of  towns ...    6,000 

Natural  increase  of  population 6,000 

Total  population  of  Dakota,  December,  1881 230,000 


COUNTIES. 


a 

> 

S 

o3 

f^ 

k; 

fe 


Armstrong 

Barnes 

Bon  Homme 

Brookings    

Burleigh  (part  of). 

Cass 

Clark 

Clay 

Codington 

Custer 

Davison 

Deuel 

Grand  Forks 

Grant 

Hamlin 

Hanson 

Hutchinson 

Kingsbury 

Lake 

Lawrence 

Lincoln 

McCook 

Meyer 

Miner 

Minnehaha 

Moody 

Pembina 

Pennington 

Richland 

Stutsman 

Traill 

Turner 

Union 

Yankton 


2,607 
1,585 
5,469 
4,965 
1,997 
8.998 

114 
5,001 
2,156 

995 
1,256 
2,302 
6,248 
3,010 

693 
1,301 
2,966 
1,102 
2.657 
13,248 
5,897 
1,283 

115 

363 
8,252 
3,915 
4,862 
2,244 
3,597 
1,207 
4.123 
5,320 
6,813 
8,390 


1,361 

988 
2,933 
2,861 
1.259 
5,501 
75 
2.714 
1,338 

781 

758 
1,331 
3,729 
1,896 

432 

771 
1,549 

690 

1,520 

10,123 

3,166 

738 
92 

236 
4,549 
2,293 
2,842 
1,750 
2,130 

660 
2,459 
2,844 
3,543 
4,381 


1,246 

597 
2,536 
2,104 

738 
3,497 
39 
2,287  3 

8181 

214 

498 

971 
2,519 
1,114 

261 

530 
1,417 

412 
1,137 
3,125 
2,732 

545 
23 

127 
3,703  5 
1,622 
2,020 

494 
1,467 

347 
1,664 
2,476 
3,270 
4,009  [4 


1,678 

689 

2,727 

1,554 

556 

4,117 

19 

1,693 

527 

230 

219 

756 

3,852 

817 

308 

290 

1,857 

302 

640 

3,952 

1,779 

353 

29 

64 

502  2,750 
989  926 
6633,199 
674  570 
9161,681 
694  313 
,8,^6  2,237 
,857i2.463 
,779:2,034 
,834  3,556 


929 
896 
,742 
,411 
,441 
,881 

95 
,308 
,629 
765 
,037 
,546 
,396 
193 
385 
Oil 
109 
800 
017 
296 
118 
930 

86 
299 


2,607 
1,583 
5,440 
4,959 
1,928 
8,956 

114 
4,998 
2,156 

985 
1,255 
2,302 
6,215 
2,967 

693 
1,299 
2,966 
1,102 
2,657 
12,921 
5,897 
1,283 

112 

363 
8,204 
3,689 
4,399 
2,226 
3,587 
1,004 
4,122 
5,320 
6,802 
8,334 


2 
29 

6 
69 

42 


10 
1 

33 
43 


327 


226 

463. 

18 

10 


11 

56 


*lncluding  in  Bon  Homme  county,  7  Indians  and  half  breeds,  in  Burleigh  Co., 
(part  of)  2  Chinese  and  6  Indians  and  half-breeds;  in  Cass  Co.,  3  Chinese  and 


34  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


27  half-breeds  anil  Indians;  in  Clay  Co.,  1  Indian;  in  Grand  Forks  Co.,  29  half- 
breed  Indians;  in  Grant  Co.,  43  Indians;  in  Hanson  Co.,  2  Indians;  in  Law- 
rence Co.,  220  Chinese  and  10  Indians  and  half-bi-eeds;  in  Minnehaha  Co.,  28 
Indians;  in  Moody  Co.,  222  Indians;  in  Pembina  Co.,  452  Indians  and  half- 
breeds;  in  Pennington  Co.,  10  Chinese;  in  Richland  Co.,  10  Indians;  in  Union 
Co.,  11  Indians  and  half-bre3ds;  in  Yankton  Co.,  2  Indians  ;  in  Custer  county,  1 
Indian. 

Note. — The  population  of  the  following  counties  is  given  in  combination, 
the  returns  from  each  not  having  been  separated: 

Ashmoreand  Sully  counties,  total  587;  males,  397;  females,  190;  native.  481; 
foreign  106;  white  416;  colored,  174.     Aurora  (part  of)  and  Brule  counties,  to- 
tal, 202;  males,  178;  females,  84;  native  178;  foreign,  74;  white,  261;  colored,  1. 
Aurora  (part  of),  Buffalo,  Lyman  and  Presho counties,  total,    232;  males,  171; 
females,  61;   native,  264;  foreign,  68;  white,  209;   colored,   23.     Beadle  and 
Hand  counties,  total,  1,443;  males,  7,236;  females,  207;  native,   981;   foreign, 
462;  white  1,443.     Berthold,  Bottineau,  McHenry,  Renville  and  Stevens  coun- 
ties, totid,  247;  males,  201;  females,  46;  native,  181;    foreign,  66;   white,   243; 
colored, 4.     Billings,  Mercer,  Morton  and  Stark  counties,    total,    1,523;  males, 
1,440;  females,  83;  native,  888;  foreign,  634;  white,  1,514;  colored,    9.     Bore- 
man,  Campbell,  Rush  and  Walworth  counties,  total  676;  male.«,  511;  females, 
175,  native,  484;  foreign,  192;  white,  595;  colored,  81.  Brown  and  Day  counties, 
total,  450;  males,  344;  females,  106;  native,  307;  foreign,  143;  white,  439;  col- 
ored, 11.     Burleigh,  (part  of)   Emmons  and  Sheridan  counties,   total,  1,287; 
males,  944;  females,  343;  native,  891;  foreign,  396;  white,  1,241;  colored,  46. — 
Caviller,  Foster  and  Ramsey  counties,  total,  318;  males,  214;  females,  104;  na- 
tive, 216;  foreign.  102;  white,  311;  colored,  7.     Charles  Mix,  Douglas  and  Todd 
coimties,  total,  616;  males,  382;  females,  234;  native,  483;  foreign,  133;  white, 
512;  colored,  104.     DeSmet,  Gingras,  Kidder  and  Logan  counties,    total,    89; 
males,  80;  females,  9;  native,  48;  foreign,  40;  white,  88;  colored,  1.     Edmunds, 
Faulk,  McPherson  and  Spink  counties,  total,  481;  males,  335;  females,  146;  na- 
tive, 398;  foreign,  83;  white,  478;  colored,  4.     Forsyth  and  Shannon   counties, 
total,  113;  males,  93;  females,  20;  native,  89;  foreign,  24;  white,   106;  colored, 
7.     Howard,  Montraille,  Wallette  and  Williams  counties,   total,  471;  males, 
400;  females,  71;  native.  321;  foreign.  150;  white,  448;  colored,  32.  Hughes  and 
Stanley  counties,  total,  770;  males,  587;  females,  183;  native,  642;  foreign,  128; 
white,  691;  coloi'ed,  79.     LaMoure  and  Ransom  counties,  total,  557;  males,  344; 
females,  213;  native,  357;  foreign,  200;  white,  557.      Sisseton  and  Wahpeton 
Indian  reservation  and  Fort  Sisseton,  total,  207;  males,  153;  females,  54;  native, 
152;  foreign,  55;  white,  184;  colored,  23. 

*Including,  in  Ashmore  and  Sully  counties,  167  Indians;  in  Aurora  (part  of) 
and  Brule  counties,  1  half-breed  Indian;  in  Aurora  (part of ),  Buffalo,  Lyman  and 
Presho  counties,  21  half-breed  Indians;  in  Berthold,  Bottineau,  McHenry,  Ren- 
ville and  Stephens  counties,  3  Indians  and  half-breeds ;  in  Billings,  Mercer,  Mor- 
ton and  Stark  counties,  7  Indians;  in  Boreman,  Campbell,  Rush  and  Wadsworth 
counties,  72  Indians  and  half-breeds;  in  Brown  and  Day  counties,  11  Indians 
and  half-breeds;  in  Burleigh  (part  of)  Emmons  and  Sheridan  counties,  35  In- 
dians and  half-breeds;  in  Cavalier,  Foster  and  Ramsey  counties,  1  Indian;  in 
Charles  Mix,  Douglas  and  Todd  counties,  97  Indians  and  half-breeds;  in  Ed- 


HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA.   lL28i08S       ^^ 

munds,  Faulk,  McPherson  and  Spink  counties,  4  Indians  and  half-breeds;  in 
Howard,  Montraille,  Wallette  and  Williams  counties,  10  Indians  and  half-breeds 
in  Hughes  and  Stanley  counties,  77  Indians   and  half-breeds;  in  Sisseton   and 
Wahpeton  reservation  and  Fort  Sisseton,  21  Indians  and  half-breeds. 
TOTAL    FOOTINGS. 

The  total  footings  for  Dakota  Territory  are  as  follows: 

Males 82,302 

P'emales 52.878 

Native 83,387 

Foreign 51,793 

White 133,177 

Colored  * 2,003 

Total 135,180 

*Including-  in  the  Territory,  233  Chinese,   and  1,384  Indians  and  half-breeds. 
The  following  are  the 

ORGANIZED  COUNTIES  OF  DAKOTA. 

Armstrong.  Clay.  Kidder.  Pembina. 

Aurora.  Clark.  Lake,  Pennington. 

Barnes.  Caster.  Lawrence.  Ransom. 

BonHomme.  Davidson.  Lincoln.  Richland. 

Beadle.  Deuel.  LaMoure.  Spink. 

Brown.  Douglas.  McCook.  Stutsman. 

Brookings.  Grand  Forks.  Minnehaha.  Traill. 

Burleigh.  Grant.  Miner.  Turner. 

Brule.  Hanson.  Moody.  Union. 

Cass.  Hamlin.  Morton.  Walsh. 

Charles  Mix.  Hutchinson.  Mandan  Yankton. 

Codington.  Hughes. 


JAMES  RIVER  VALLEY. 

The  following  brief  description  of  the  James  River  Valley,  by  a 
competent  writer,  is  pertinently  accurate: 

"In  order  to  give  an  adequate  idea  as  to  why  this  region  is  now, 
and  to  a  much  greater  extent  must  soon  inevitably  become,  the 
central  attraction  and  leading  Eldorado  of  the  great  mass  of  pov- 
erty-stricken and  mortgage-burdened  people  of  the  East,  who  are 
now  setting  their  faces  westward,  I  must  give  a  brief  and  truthful 
description  of  this  wonderful  valley  of  the  James.  Im'agine,  for  a 
moment,  a  tract  of  country  500  miles  long,  by  from  forty  to  sixty 
miles  wide,  drained  by  a  strong  and  never-failing  stream,  which 
by  its  curves  is  over  1,000  miles  in  length,  and  into  which  flow, 
both  from  the  east  and  the  west,  numerous  smaller  streams,  abun- 
dantly watering  the  countrA^  and  beautifully  diversifying  the  land- 


3G  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 


scajie.  NoAv  think  of  this  magnificent  tract  of  country  upon  which 
nature  seems  to  have  showered  her  greatest  favors  and  exhausted 
her  choicest  powers,  as  being  already,  though  as  yet  only  in  its 
earliest  infancy,  dotted  with  thriving  and  prosperous  towns,  most 
of  them  excellent  market  places;  as  consisting  of  millions  of  acres 
of  land  as  fertile  as  the  far-famed  valley  of  the  Nile,  with  scarcely 
a  mile  of  waste  land  in  its  whole  extent;  as  being  intersected  east 
and  w^est  by  seven  lines  of  railroad,  four  of  which  have  already 
crossed  it  and  entered  the  Missouri  valley  on  the  west,  while  two 
north  and  south  lines  are  being  rapidly  constructed,  which  taken 
together  will  give  it  immediate  and  rapid  connections  with  all  the 
best  markets  of  the  East.  Look  for  a  moment  at  this  situation, 
and  then  add  the  facts,  that  of  all  these  broad  acres,  attended  by 
these  almost  incredible  advantages,  not  a  tithe  has  as  yet  been  ap- 
propriated by  the  actual  settler;  that  no  speculator  can  get  posses- 
sion of  a  single  acre  of  this  goodly  domain,  except  as  he  purchases 
from  the  settler,  and  that  settlement  is  all  that  is  required  to  pos- 
sess it,  and  it  will  be  readily  seen  that  nothing  short  of  a  providen- 
tial intervention  can  keep  the  tax-ridden,  overcrowded,  and  sorely 
burdened  people  of  the  East  out  of  it." 

The  same  writer  observes:  "Truly,  in  spite  of  prophetic  fore- 
bodings, 1881  has  been  a  red  letter  year  for  Dakota,  and  especially 
for  this  portion  of  the  Territory.  While  the  regions  to  both  the 
east  and  west  of  us  have,  during  the  season,  been  alternately 
parched  with  scorching  droughts,  and  submerged  by  devastating 
floods,  we  have  enjoyed  refreshing  showers,  and  tempered  sunshine, 
so  equally  distributed  as  to  cause  all  products,  both  indigenous  and 
cultivated,  to  flourish  in  a  degree  truly  remarkable. 

The  growth  of  vegetation  upon  our  fertile  prairies  this  year  has 
been  really  marvelous.  In  this  valley  immense  crops  of  corn,  po- 
tatoes, flax,  roots,  etc.,  have  been  raised  upon  the  raw  prairie  sod, 
broken  last  spring,  while  upon  those  lands  which  had  been  culti- 
vated for  some  years,  the  yield,  even  with  little  attention,  was  far 
in  advance  of  the  most  sanguine  expectations  of  the  settlers.  It  is 
no  Avonder  that  our  people  are  prosperous,  happy,  energetic,  con- 
tented and  confident.  They  have  before  their  eyes,  in  tangible 
form,  and  within  easy  reach,  all  the  elements  of  abundant  pros- 
perity and  actual  independence,  and  it  is  only  natural  that  their 
universal  message  to  their  friends  in  the  East  should  be,  not  as  in 
the  case  of  many  western  emigrants,   'Send    us  money  Avith  which 


HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA.  37 

to  get  out  of  this  accursed  country,  but  come  to  Dakota,  and 
share  our  prosperity,  and  enjoy  with  us  the  remarkable  benefits  to 
be  derived  from  the  rapid  and  vigorous  development  of  one  of  the 
grandest  commonwealths  that  ever  has  been,  or  ever  will  be, 
carved  out  of  the  great  Northwest.'" 


DAKOTA'S  CLAIMS  TO  STATEHOOD 

Apropos  of  the  immediate  probability  of  Dakota's  admission 
into  the  Sisterhood  of  States,  another  observant  writer,  has  the 
following  remarks  to  offer:  "The  scheme  of  making  Dakota  a 
State  is  not  a  wild  one.  Political  expediency  may  suggest  it,  and 
a  majority  of  one  may  carry  it  through  the  Senate,  but  sufficient 
merit  is  not  lacking.  A  Territory  that  builds  865  miles  of  railroad 
in  a  single  year — 1880 — must  be  a  region  of  some  wealth,  present 
or  prospective.  The  Northern  Pacific  traverses  the  width  of  the 
Territor}',  from  Fargo  to  Montana  line,  375  miles;  the  same  road 
has  completed  and  is  operating  fifty  miles  of  road  north  from  Cas- 
selton;  the  Fargo-Southwestern  branch  has  been  located,  and  the 
graders  have  been  busy  all  fall;  the  Jamestown  branch  has  been 
surveyed  in  a  northerly  direction,  and  the  contract  for  grading 
twenty-five  miles  let  and  partly  filled.  The  Milwaukee  has  built 
one  branch  to  the  Missouri  in  Southern  Dakota,  and  has  purchased 
the  right  of  way  through  the  Big  Sioux  reservation  to  the  Black 
Hills.  The  same  road  has  completed  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  divis- 
ion to  Aberdeen  in  the  James  River  Valley,  a  distance  of  120  miles 
west  of  the  Minnesota  line;  more  grading  and  roadbed  by  the 
same  line,  here  and  there,  north  and  south  through  the  James 
Valley,  indicating  a  practical  intention  to  furnish  ample  transpor- 
tation facilities  for  that  rich  valley.  The  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
is  operated  to  Fort  Pierre  on  the  Missouri,  and  like  the  Milwaukee, 
has  purchased  its  right  of  way  to  the  Black  Hills,  is  also  building 
northwest  from  Lake  Kampeska  and  north  and  south,  through  the 
James  Valley,  keeping  step  with  its  great  rival,  the  creation  of 
Mitchell  and  Merrill;  roads  connect  Sioux  City  and  Yankton  and 
Sioux  City  and  Sioux  Falls,  and  Marion  Junction  and  Yankton. 
The  Manitoba  line  has  built  from  Breckinridge  on  the  Red  River, 
and  west  and  north  fifty  miles,  crossing  the  Northern  Pacific  near 
Casselton;  has  also  completed  in  a  jiffy  the  eighty  miles  of  road 


3S  HISTORY    OF    DAKOTA. 

between  Grand  Forks  and  Fargo  and  lias  started  west  from  the 
former  ])l:ice  a  line  across  the  Territory  to  Fort  Biiford  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Yellowstone.  iVnd  still  there  are  several  more  rail- 
way enterprises  erystalizing  that  we  c(  nld  mention  if  we  desired  to 
color  this  showini^.  And  don't  forget  the  Missouri  and  Red  River 
are  equivalent  to  two  railroads. 

"The  population,  5,000,  and  wealth  of  Deadwood  and  the  half- 
dozen  towns  of  the  Black  Hills  tributary,  are  known  to  all  men. 
There  are  mines  in  this  region  that  cost  $1,500,000  to  develop. 
One  of  them,  the  Homestake,  even  boasts  the  Corliss  engine  that 
was  the  wonder  of  the  Centennial  Exposition.  The  production  of 
the  Hills  is  counted  by  the  millions. 

''Bismarck,  with  her  3,000  jieople,  twenty  steamboats,  commerce 
radiating  with  all  the  points  of  the  compfss,  and  her  big  bridge 
over  the  Missouri,  costing '^1,000,000.  is  a  conspicuous  item  in  Da- 
kota's assets. 

•"Fargo,  with  her  4,000  or  5,000  people,  elevators,  water  works, 
gas  works,  street  railway,  three  railroads,  twenty-one  additions  to 
the  original  town  plat,  and  unprecedented  growth  year  after  year, 
will  not  be  denied  her  importance  even  by  the  Bourbon  of  Bourbons. 
"Sioux  Falls.the  metropolis  of  the  beautiful  and  rich  Sioux  Val- 
ley, has  her  3,000  people,  and  a  water  power  the  first  in  importance 
in  Dakota,  driving  three  or  four  flouring  mills  that  would  not  be 
out  of  place  in  Minneapolis.  In  fact,  the  Queen  Bee  is  believed 
to  be  on  a  par  with  the  best  equipped  mill  in  the  Flour  City." 

"Yankton,  the  mother  of  the  others,  and  capital  of  the  Territory, 
with  3,500  people;  Grand  Forks  with  nearly  3,000,  and  Mandan, 
Wahpeton,  Jamestown,  Valley  City,  Tower  City,  Casselton,  Pem- 
bina, Watertown,  Huron,  Pierre,  Canton,  Vermillion  and  Elk 
Point,  with  none  of  them  enumerating  at  present  less  than  500 
people,  swell  the  ranks  of  the  towns  to  the  requirements  of  tate- 
hood. 

"As  feeders  to  these  towns  there  are  scores  of  villages  with  fifty 
to  four  hundred  inhabitants.  Some  of  them  are  more  than  feeders 
— they  are  little  centers  of  themselves.  All  the  towns  over  five 
hundiel  inhabitants  are  not  named  in  the  above  list.  A  village  of 
one  hundred  inhabitants  grows  so  fast  that  a  semi-annual  census 
could    not   keep    us   posted. 

"The  Black  Hills  furnish  the  mines;  Southern  Dakota  a  varied 
agriculture,  including  fine  water-power   for  manufacturing,  and 


,£JB44^r^^rt>'^^ 


^ 


HISTORY   OF    DAKOTA.  39 


Northern  Dakota  the  largest  wheat  fiekls  in  the  United  States, 
outside  of  California,  where  everything  is  more  marvelous  than  in 
any  other  land.  The  wheat  and  gold  shipments  prove  the  produc- 
ing capacity  of  the  Territory.  There  are  probahly  no  two 
opinions  upon  that  head.  If  we  can  raise  gold  and  wheat,  we  are 
on  a  specie  basis,  and  are  entitled  to  a  respectful  hearing. 

"We  cite  in  proof  of  the  Territory's  agricultural  popularity,  the 
records  of  the  local  land  offices:  The  first  day  the  Grand  Forks 
office  opened  in  May,  18S0,  the  officers  received  the  largest  num- 
ber of  entries  ever  known  at  a  local  land  office  in  a  single  day. 
They  earned  their  salaries,  $6,000,  the  first  week,  and  had  to  work 
the  rest  of  the  year  for  nothing.  That  is,  their  fees  and  commis- 
sions footed  'maximum,'  and  if  business  had  totally  ceased  after 
the  first  week,  they  would  have  received  just  as  much  for  their 
week's  work  as  they  did  for  a  year.  From  the  day  of  opening  to 
the  present,  the  rush  has  been  on.  The  establishment  of  the 
Grand  Forks  office  was  intended  as  a  relief  to  the  Fargo  office,  but 
there  has  been  no  relief.  Business  this  year  has  been  larger  than 
ever.  It  is  as  much  of  a  necessity  as  the  Grand  Forks  office  was. 
If  one  is  established  this  winter  by  Congress,  you  will  see  the  first 
day's  work  at  the  Grand  Forks  office  duplicated  and  a  whole  year's 
business  about  equal  to  that  of  the  first  ofishoot  of  Fargo.  Any 
Senator  who  will  study  the  land  office  records  of  Dakota  for  a 
few  hours  will  find  overwhelming  proof  of  her  settlements  past, 
present  and  prospective. 

The  total  business  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  has  not 
yet  been  made  public  by  the  Commissioners  of  the  General  Land 
Office,  but  the  increase  over  1880  will  be  very  creditable,  and  far 
in  excess  of  any  other  State  or  Territory  in  the  West.  The  local 
offices,  at  Bismarck,  Dead  wood,  Fargo,  Grand  Forks,  Mitchell, 
Watertown  and  Yankton,  all  did  a  larger  business,  and  the  aggre- 
gate must  necessarily  show  the  increase  claimed.  During  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1880,  the  aggregate  number  of  acres  disposed  of 
in  the  United  States  under  the  homestead,  timber  culture  and 
pre-emption  laws,  was  9,166,918;  of  that  amount  Dakota's  aggre- 
gate was  2,268,809 — nearly  one-fourth  of  the  total.  Kansas  was 
second  to  Dakota;  her  aggregate  being  1,521,905.  Nebraska  was 
third,  with  1,327,038  acres.  Minnesota  fourth,  with  852,266 
acres.  Colorado,  the  Centennial  State,  only  foots  up  187,796 
acres;  Oregon,  210,058  acres;  Washington,  121,617   acres.      This 


40  HISTORY   OF   DAKOTA. 

year,  ending  last  June  30,  Dakota  will  be  1,000,000  acres  ahead  of 
Kansas  at  least;  and  more  likely  1,500,000." 

The  total  area  of  Dakota  is  about  one  hundred  and  fifty-six 
thousand  square  miles,  and  its  present  population  is,  as  we  have 
seen,  not  less  than  two  hundred  and  thirty  thousand  white  people^ 
exclusive  of  the  Indians  and  other  races.  That  the  soil,  the 
climate  and  other  attractions  of  this  vast  and  favored  region,  are 
not  overestimated,  is  proven  by  the  unprecedented  growth  of  its 
population  of  late  years.  Nothing  that  the  historian  could  write, 
would  add  to  the  wonderful  showing  which  is  made  by  the  simple 
presentation  of  the  facts  in  connection  with  the  settlement  and 
development  of  the  mighty  Empire  of  Dakota;  for  Empire  it  is^  in 
all  that  goes  to  make  up  a  powerful,  populous  and  prosperous 
Commonwealth- — in  all  that  contributes  to  the  establishment  of 
enlightened  progress,  of  culture  and  refinement,  of  wealth  and 
healthful  social,  civil  and  physical  conditions.  An  Empire,  in- 
deed, in  all  these  things — but  a  great  Republic  in  the  rational 
development  of  true  liberty  of  sentiment,  freedom  of  action,  and 
unhampered  incentives  to  the  pursuit  of  the  True,  the  Substantial, 
the  Beautiful  and  the  Good. 

What  the  future  of  Dakota  shall  be,  is  not  within  the  writer's 
province  to  predict.  Surely,  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  be  over-san- 
guine, in  view  of  the  facts  already  assured.  Surely,  no  observant 
citizen  of  this  great  Commonwealth  can  be  thought  otherwise 
than  most  reasonably  justifiable  in  "pointing  with  pride"  to  the 
grand  Past,  the  mighty  Present  and  the  incalculably  promising 
Future  of  the  "Land  of  the  Dacotahs." 


SOUTHEASTERN  DAKOTA. 


THE  SIOUX  FALLS  SETTLEMENT. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  of  1856,  Dr.  J.  M.  Staples,  of 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  while  on  a  tour  of  the  Upper  Mississippi,  ob- 
tained a  copy  of  Nicollet's  Travels  in  the  Northwest,  in  which 
was  a  description  of  the  Falls  of  the  Big  Sioux  River,  called  bj 
the  Indians  '"Te-han-kas-an-data,"  or  the  ^'Thick-Wooded  River." 
The  Doctor  Avas  immediatel}^  struck  by  Nicollet's  graphic  descrip- 
tion of  this  favored  and  picturesque  region:  and,  the  land  and 
town  speculative  fever  at  that  time  running  high,  he  at  once  set 
about  forming  a  company  to  secure  so  desirable  a  location.  The 
result  was  the  organization  of  the  Western  Town  Company,  of 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  composed  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Staples,  Mayor  Hethering- 
ton,  Dennis  Mahoney,  editor  of  the  Herald,  of  Dubuque;  Austin 
Adams,  now  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa; 
G.  P.  Waldron,  William  Tripp,  and  several  others  whose  names 
are  uiiknown  to  the  writer. 

Towards  the  close  of  October,  1856,  the  Company  employed 
Ezra  Millard,  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  now  President  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Omaha,  to  find  the  coveted  Falls  of  the  '''Thick 
Wooded  River,"  and  to  take  up  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of 
the  land  contiguous,  under  the  land  laws  of  the  United  States,  for 
a  townsite,  in  the  name  of  the  W^estern  Town  Compan3\  In  the 
early  part  of  November  following,  Mr.  Millard,  in  company  with 
D.  M.  Mills,  who  lived  a  few  miles  north  of  Sioux  City,  set  out 
for  the  promised  land.  iVfter  wandering  for  several  days  along 
the  east  bank  of  the  Big  Sioux  River,  at  twilight  of  a  rainy,  dis- 
mal day,  the  explorers  drove  down  Prospect  Hill,  near  the  beauti- 
ful little  island  at  the  head  of  the  Falls,  greatly  delighted  at  find- 
ing the  object  of  their  search.  But  their  delight  was  brought  to 
a  sudden  termination,  as  before  they  could  alight,  several  Indians 
appeared  upon  the  scene.  Taking  their  horses  by  the  head,  and 
turning  them  about-face,  the  noble  red  men  suddenly  ordered  the 
astonished  travelers  to  depart.  Believing  discretion  the  better 
part  of  valor,  Messrs.  Millard  and  Mills  stood  not  upon  the  order 
of    going,    but  left    at  once,  retracing  their  steps  as  far  back  as 


42  HISTORY    OF   f^Ol'THEASTERN   DAKOTA. 


Split  Kock  River,  a  branch  entering  tlie  Big  Sioux  from  the  north- 
east, about  twelve  miles  below  the  Falls.  Here  they  passed  a 
sleepless  night,  the  cool,  gray  dawn  finding  them  on  their  way 
back  to  Sioux  City,  where  they  in  due  time  arrived,  with  scalps 
intact. 

Six  weeks  later.  Mills  returned  with  another  party,  and  in  the 
name  of  the  Western  Town  Company,  took  possession  of  three 
hundred  and  twenty  acres  of  land,  consisting  of  what  now  consti- 
tutes the  northeast  quarter  of  section  16,  and  the  northwest  quar- 
ter of  section  9,  in  town  101  north,  of  range  49  west,  and  for  him- 
self, the  northwest  quarter  of  section  16,  and  built  a  log  cabin, 
ten  by  twelve  feet  in  dimensions,  on  Brookings  Island  at  the 
head  of  the  Falls.  The  party  then  returned  down  the  Sioux  for 
the  winter. 

In  May,  1857,  Jesse  T.  Jarrett,  John  McClellan  and  Messrs, 
Farwell  and  Oleson,  representatives  of  the  Western  Town  Company 
visited  the  Falls,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  and  improving  the 
townsite,  and  commenced  the  construction  of  a  small  stone  house, 
near  the  river  immediately  above  the  Upper  Falls.  These  gentle- 
men had  been  at  the  Falls  but  a  few  days,  when  a  number  of  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Dakota  Land  Company,  of  St.  Paul,  put  in  an 
appearance. 

The  Dakota  Land  Company  Avas  chartered  by  the  Legislature  of 
Minnesota  Territory,  in  the  winter  of  1856-7,  its  object  being  to 
push  out  into  the  proposed  new  Territory  of  Dakota,  and  secure 
some  of  the  best  locations  for  future  towns.  To  this  Company  we 
are  indebted  for  all  that  part  of  Dakota  east  of  the  Big  Sioux 
River;  for  in  the  original  enabling  act  to  admit  Minnesota  as  a 
State,  the  western  boundary  extended  to  the  Big  Sioux  River;  but, 
as  there  was  no  land  west  of  the  river  from  which  the  Indian  title 
was  extinguished,  the  Dakota  Land  Company  procured  an  amend- 
ment to  the  act,  having  the  western  boundary  run  due  south  from 
the  foot  of  Big  Stone  Lake  to  the  Iowa  State  line,  leaving  some 
thirty  miles  east  of  the  Big  Sioux,  from  which  the  Indian  title 
had  been  extinguished,  to  commence  the  new  Territory. 

The  representatives  of  this  Company  left  St.  Paul  by  steamer  iji 
May,  1857,  with  banners  flying  and  bright  expectations  looking 
Dakotaward.  Proceeding  by  boat  to  New  Ulm,  they  took  teams 
from  that  ])oint  to  Dakota.  The  original  incorporators  of  the  Da- 
kota Land  Company  were:     W.  H.  Nobles,  J.  R.  Brown,   A.  G. 


SIO'JX   FALLS    SETTLEMENT.  43 

Fuller,  S.  A.  Medary,  Samuel  F.  Brown,  James  W.  Lynd,  N.  R. 
Brown,  F.  J.  DeWitt,  Baron  F.  Friedenriech,  B.  M.  Smith,  A. 
Gale,  Parker  Paine,  'ihcnias  Cnmplell— and  oihers  were  also  mem- 
bers of  the  Compmy.  The  party  at  once  proceeded  to  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  in  what  is  now  Brookings  County,  and  located  the 
town  of  Medary.  named  for  the  then  Governor  of  Minnesota  Ter- 
ritory; which  to^A  u  they  intended  to  be  the  capital  of  the  new  Ter- 
ritory to  be  f  aimed  out  of  the  western  half  of  Minnesota  Territory. 
From  Medary  they  journeyed  down  the  river,  locating  the  town  of 
Flandrau,  named  in  honor  of  Judge  Flandrau,  of  St.  Paul,  add 
then  pushed  on  to  Sioux  Falls,  where  ihey  found  themselves  anti- 
cipated, the  prize  having  already  been  secured  by  the  Western 
Town  Coinpauy,  of  Dubuque.  Not  to  be  crowded  out,  however, 
the  Dakota  Land  Company  took  up  three  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  of  land  south  of  the  Falls,  where  Gale's  Addition  is  now^ 
located,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Sioux  Falls  Cit}".  James 
L.  Fiske  and  James  McBride  were  left  to  hold  this  location.  Capt. 
Fiske  afterwards  became  somewhat  famous  by  leading  parties 
across  the  country  to  Montana,  having  been  once,  for  a  number 
.of  days,  surrounded  by  a  band  of  hostile  Indians,  and  at  different 
times  encountering  the  perils  incident  to  so  venturesome  a  life. 
Fiske  aud  McBride  constructed  a  log  house  on  the  Dakota  Land 
Company's  town  site,  it  being  the  third  house  ever  built  at  the 
Falls.  This  company  also  took  six  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land 
at  the  mouth  of  Split  Rock  River,  naming  the  location  Eminiza, 
and  built  a  house  thereon. 

Everything  went  smoothly  Avith  the  pioneers  until  the  latter 
part  of  July,  the  population  of  Sioux  Fall^at  that  time  consisting 
of  only  five  persons,  McClellan,  Farwell.  Oleson,  Fiske  and  McBride, 
when  the  troublesome  Indians  again  put  in  an  appearance  to  mar 
the  prospects  of  the  embryo  "  Lowell  of  the  West."  About  that 
time  the  savages  appeared  at  Medar}"  in  large  numbers,  stopping 
Col.  Noble's  party  of  fifty  men,  who  were  engaged  in  laying  out  a 
wagon  road  from  Fort  Ridgley  to  South  Pass,  and  threatening  all 
the  settlements  on  the  Big  Sioux  River  Avith  the  cloud  of  war. — 
The  Dakota  Land  Company  immediately  Avithdrew  all  their  em- 
ployes, thus  leaving  McClellan,  Farwell  and  Oksjn,  the  sole  occu- 
pants at  Sioux  Falls.  These  gentlemen  also,  recognizing  the  un- 
healthy condition  of  the  impending  storm,  placed  their  personal 
effects  in  a  canoe  at  the  foot  of  the  Falls,  and  in  search  of  a  more 


44  HUT.)RY    OF   801THEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

cougenial  latitude,  began  the  navigation  of  the  Big  Sioux  to  its 
mouth,  which  they  reached  after  several  days,  safely  arriving  at 
Sioux  City,  Iowa.  This  was  probably  the  first  time  the  Big  Sioux 
was  ever  navigated  to  its  mouth  by  white  men. 

Thus  was  the  Sioux  Valley  once  more  left  t )  the  undisputed  pos- 
session of  the  red  man,  who,  reversing  the  poetical  order  of  things, 
"  followed  close  on  the  track  "  of  the  pale  face. 

On  the  17th  day  of  August,  1857,  Jesse  T.  Jarrett,  J.  L.  Phil- 
lips, W.  W.  Brookings,  S.  B.  Atwood,  A.  L.  Kilgore,  Smith  Kin- 
sey,  John  McClellan,  Callahan  and  Godfrey,  in  the  employ  of  the 
Western  Town  Company,  started  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,- for 
Sioux  Falls.  The  party  traveled  with  one  horse-  and  two  six-ox- 
teams,  carrying  machinery  for  a  saw-mill,  a  cjuantity  of  imple- 
ments and  provisions  for  starting  a  town.  Jesse  T.  Jarrett  was 
the  agent  of  the  Company  in  charge.  At  Rock  River,  they  were 
joined  by  D.  M.  Mills.  The  progress  of  the  party  was  slow,  as  the 
teams  Avere  heavily  laden,  and  it  was  often  necessary  to  bridge 
creeks  before  crossings  could  be  effected. 

At  noon  of  the  27th  of  August,  the  party  arrived  at  the  sum- 
mit of  Prospect  Hill,  and  for  the  first  time  (to  all  save  Mills, 
Jarrett  and  McClellan),  the  Falls  in  all  their  grandeur  and  beauty 
burst  upon  their  sight.  A  doffing  of  hats,  and  three  hearty  cheers, 
and  the  party  drove  down  the  hill,  camped  north  of  the  island,  and 
spent  the  remainder  of  the  day  in  explorations.  The  day  following 
the  members  of  the  party  selected  claims,  each  for  himself,  and  on 
the  morning  of  the  third  day,  Messrs,  Jarrett,  Mills,  Atwood  and 
Godfrey  started  back  to  Sioux  City  for  more  provisions,  leaving 
the  other  six  at  work,  building  a  mill,  house  and  store,  cutting 
hay  and  otherwise  preparing  for  winter.  In  ten  days,  Jarrett  re- 
turned in  company  with  Dr.  J.  M.  Staples,  of  Dubuque,  one  of 
the  Directors  of  the  Company. 

Jarrett,  the  agent  of  the  Company,  was  one  of  those  passionate 
men,  who,  by  their  very  natures,  are  unfitted  to  be  good  leaders, 
and  had  already  become  involved  in  trouble  with  some  of  the  em- 
ployes. Dr.  Staples,  having  been  sent  out  with  authority  to  make 
a  change,  at  once  appointed  W.  W.  Brookings  agent  in  place  of 
Jarrett.  From  this  time  on,  everything  went  smoothly,  all  being 
busy  preparing  for  winter,  until  about  the  10th  day  of  October. 
Indians  had  been  seen  but  once,  and  these  only  by  Brookings  and 
Kilgore,  who,  while  out  exploring,  about  five  miles  up  the  river, 


SIOUX    FALLS    SETTLEMENT.  '  45 

suddenly  ran  across  a  party  of  Indians  close  to  tlieir  camp.  Both 
parties  at  once  beat  a  retreat. 

At  sunset,  in  the  evenin«"  of  October  10th,  about  a  dozen 
mounted  Indians,  covered  with  war-paint,  swooped  down  over  the 
bhiffs,  surrounded  the  only  pair  of  oxen  at  the  place  at  the  time, 
and  amid  yells  and  war-whoops,  hurried  them  away  before  any 
steps  could  be  taken  to  prevent  them.  As  there  were  but  six  per- 
sons at  the  Falls  at  the  time,  and  they  almost  wholly  unacquainted 
with  frontier  lite,  the  serious  nature  of  the  apprehensions  felt  at 
this  occurrence  may  be  better  imagined  than  described.  Never- 
theless, four  of  the  party  undertook  to  follow  the  redskins,  return- 
ing at  nightfall  from  their  unsuccessful  pursuit.  Certain  it  is, 
there  was  but  little  sleep  at  the  camp  that  night.  Agent  Brook- 
ings, who  was  absent  at  the  time  of  the  startling  occurrence,  re- 
turned the  next  morning,  and  was  a  welcome  comer,  as  every  man 
counted  in  such  emergencies.  It  will  be  remembered  that  this  was 
the  year  following  the  Spirit  Lake  Massacre,  only  eighty  miles 
east  of  the  Falls,  and  the  Sioux  Indians  were  known  to  be  more 
or  less  hostile.  No  Indians,  however,  again  appeared  until  mid- 
winter. 

The  middle  of  October  brought,  as  an  addition  to  the  papulation 
at  the  Falls,  a  party  of  seven  of  the  Dakota  Land  Company,  who 
immediately  began  preparations  for  the  winter.  The  beginning 
of  winter  found  three  dwelling  houses  erected,  one  of  stone,  a  store, 
a  saw-mill,  and  the  following  population:  W.  W.  Brcokings,  J. 
L.  Phillips,  John  McClellan — at  present  (1881)  residents  of  Sioux 
Falls — L.  B.  Atwood,  A.  L.  Kilgore,  Smith  Kinsey,  Charles  Mc- 
Connell,  R.  B.  McKinley,  S.  D.  Brookings,  E.  M.  Brookings,  of 
the  Western  Town  Company;  James  L.  Fiske,  James  McBride, 
James  M.  Evans,  James  Allen,  William  Little,  C.  Merrill,  of  the 
Dakota  Land  Company — sixteen  in  all. 

The  early  part  of  winter  was  employed  in  cutting  and  drawing 
logs  to  the  mill.  In  January,  Messrs.  Brookings  and  Fiske  visited 
Sioux  City  and  brought  back  a  mail.  A  very  heavy  rain  storm  oc- 
curred in  the  latter  part  of  January,  raising  the  streams  so  as  to 
overflow  much  of  the  bottom  lands. 

On  the  first  day  of  February,  Messrs.  Brookings  and  Kinsej'^ 
started  out  to  secure  for  the  AVestern  Town  Company  the  site 
whereon  the  city  of  Yankton  now  stands.  On  reaching  Split 
Rock  River,  twelve  miles  below  the  Falls,  as   then   traveled,    they 


•16  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

found  the  water  very  high;  but  as  they  were  on  horseback,  they 
succeeded  in  crossing  the  strfiun,  getting  somewhat  wet  in  the 
operation.  Changing  part  of  their  clothing,  they  pushed  on,  at 
night  reaching  Rock  River,  fifty  miles  from  the  Falls,  where  they 
camped.  Th:it  night  a  "Dakota  blizzard"  set  in,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing it  was  found  impossible  to  cross  Rock  River,  as  the  water  was 
fifteen  feet  deep,  and  it  was  raining  heavily;  so  that  it  became 
necessary  to  retrace  their  steps,  to  do  which  they  were  compelled 
to  face  a  fierce,  cold  and  blinding  wind.  So  cold  and  piercing 
was  the  wind,  that  it  was  impossible  to  face  it  on  horseback;  con- 
sequently, they  were  obliged  to  dismount,  and  putting  their  horses 
ahead,  run  to  keep  from  freezing.  At  seven  o'clock  in  the  even- 
ing, Split  Rock  River  was  reached.  The  Ford  was  frozen  over, 
but  not  enough  to  bear  the  weight  of  the  horses;  and  it  was 
found  necessary  to  break  a  ford  through  the  ice,  in  doing  which 
Mr.  Brookings  fell  through  into  the  river  and  was  thoroughly 
drenched.  With  the  thermometer  28  degrees  below  zero,  the  hor- 
rors of  such  a  bath  may  be  imagined.  It  was  only  by  means  of 
extraordinary  effort  that  Mr.  Brookings  Avas  enabled  to  regain  the 
shore,  on  reaching  which  he  found  the  only  way  to  prevent  ab- 
solutely freezing  to  death  was  to  run  for  his  life,  which  he  did 
throughout  all  that  terrible  night,  arriving  at  the  Falls  at  nine 
o'clock  the  next  morning,  in  a  fearfully  frozen  condition;  so  much 
so,  indeed,  as  to  necessitate  confinement  to  the  house  for  a  period 
of  six  months. 

In  December,  1857,  the  Governor  of  Minnesota  Territory  ap- 
pointed James  Allen,  Register  of  Deeds;  James  Evans,  Sheriff; 
James  L.  Fiske,  Judge  of  Probate;  W.  W.  Brookings,  District 
Attorney;  J.  L.  Phillips,  Justice  of  the  Peace;  and  William  Little, 
James  McBride  and  A.  L.  Kilgore,  Commissioners,  for  Big  Sioux 
County,  as  defined  by  the  Legislature  of  Minnesota,  constituting 
what  is  now  the  county  of  Minnehaha. 

On  the  11th  day  of  May,  1858,  the  easttra  portion  of  Minne- 
sota Territory  was  admitted  as  a  State,  and  all  that  portion  of  the 
present  Territory  of  Dakota,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  on  the  east  by  the  States  of  Minnesota  and 
Iowa,  on  the  south  and  west  by  the  Missouri  and  White  Earth ' 
Rivers,  was  left  in  an  unorganized  condition,  in  which  condition 
it  remained  until  the  2d  day  of  March,  1861,  when  it  was  included 
in  the  Territory  of  Dakota.     During  this  time  there  were  no  laws 


SIOUX    FALLS    SETTLEMENT.  47 

extending  over  this  excerpt  from  the  Territory  of  Minnesota, 
which,  by  common  consent,  was  named  Dakota,  from  the  hirge 
tribe  of  Indians  of  that  name,  who  had  inhabited  it  as  long  as  it 
had  been  known  by  the  whites. 

In  the  spring  of  1858,  many  immigrants  came  in,  and  the  pros- 
pects of  the  pioneer  settlements  began  to  brighten  exceedingly. 
A  Mr.  Goodwin  and  wife  arrived  early  in  May,  Mrs.  Goodwin  be- 
ing the  first  white  woman  to  come  to  the  Territory  to  settle.  Soon 
afterwards,  came  Charles  White,  \vife  and  daughter.  Mrs.  White 
and  daughter  Ella  were  the  first  white  women  who  came  to  Da- 
kota and  remained  permanently,  these  ladies  remaining  through- 
out all  the  Indian  troubles.  Mrs.  Wliite  died,  a  few  years  ago,  in 
Yankton;  her  daughter  lived  at  Sioux  Falls  until  her  marriage^ 
and  is  now  living  at  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  Territory. 

As  June  was  drawing  to  a  close,  the  Indians  again  made  trouble, 
this  time  driving  all  the  settlers  from  Medary  and  the  upper  part 
of  the  Valley,  burning  their  houses  and  destroying  their  property. 
They  also  sent  word  to  the  people  of  Sioux  Falls,  ordering  them 
to  leave.  In  this  dilemma,  the  people  of  the  Falls  assembled  for 
consultation,  when  the  conclusion  was  reached  to  fortify  for  de- 
fense and  remain.  At  that  time  there  was  a  defensive  force  of 
more  than  sixty  able-bodied  men  at  the  Falls.  A  sod  fort  was  at 
once  erected,  in  which  most  of  the  people  gathered  at  night.  The 
condition  of  anxious  suspense,  the  fears,  the  anxieties,  the  per- 
plexities and  the  privations  of  the  little  garrison  can  only  be  ap- 
preciated by  pioneers  Avho  have  been  participants  in  similar  expe- 
riences. On  the  heels  of  these  busy  preparations,  a  delegation  of 
painted  warriors,  sent  by  their  tribes,  arrived  at  the  Falls  and  ad- 
vised (?)  the  people  to  leave,  but  did  not  attempt  measures  for 
forcible  ejectment.     These  Indians  were  Yanktonnais. 

Although  much  courage,  on  the  part  of  the  settlers,  was  appar- 
ently manifested  during  the  period  of  the  threatened  inva- 
sion, the  real  panicky  condition  of  aff'airs  was  soon  shown;  for  no 
sooner  had  the  excitement  subsided,  than  a  large  portion  of  the 
total  number  left  for  regions  of  greater  security;  and,  m  conse- 
quence, the  population  of  Sioux  Falls  had  reached  its  highest  tide, 
for  years  to  come,  on  the  1st  day  of  July,  1858,  on  which  day  it 
was  greater  than  at  any  other  time  up  to  1869. 

In  October,  1858,  Messrs.  Brookings  and  Phillips  traveled  from 
Sioux  Falls  to  Dubuque.  Iowa,  by  ox-team,   and  after  the  former 


4.8  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

]iad   visited   Philadclpliia,  returned   by  the  same  conveyance   in 
midwinter. 

TIIK  PROVISION' AL  GOVERNMENT. 

A  Provisional,  or  "•Squatter,"'  Legislq^nre  was  elected  in  Octo- 
ber,.ISJ"^,  as  will  be  explained  by  the  following  notice — copies  of 
which  notces  Avere  the  hrst  printing  done  in  Dakota.  The  print- 
ing was  done  on  small  slips  of  paper,  about  two  inches  by  five  in 
dimensions,  and  a  copy,  now  before  the  writer,  reads  as  follows: 
"election  kotice." 

"At  a  Mass  Conv:'ntion  of  the  people  of  Dakota  Territory,  held  in  the  town  of 
Sioux  Falls,  in  the  County  of  Big  Sioux,  on  Saturday,  September  lb,  1858,  all 
portions  of  the  Territory  being  represented,  it  was  resolvecl  and  ordered  that  an 
election  should  be  held  for  members  to  compose  a  Territorial  Legislature." 

"In  pursuance  of  said  resolution,  notice  is  hereby  given  that  on 

MONDAY,  THE  FOUKTII  DAY  OF  OCTOI5EK 
NEXT,  AT  THE  HOUSE  OF 

IN  THE  TOWN  OF 

IN. THE  COUNTY  OF 

An  election  will  be  held  for members  of  the  Council ,  and 

of  the  House  of  Representatives  for  said  Legislature. 

"The  polls  \vi\\  be  opened  at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  close  at  4  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  of  said  dav. 

"Dated  at ^ ,  this  20th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1S58." 

["D.i'ot.v  Dnn)crat"  Print,  Sioux  Falls  City.] 

At  the  date  of  the  above  notice,  Samuel  J.  Albright  started  the 
Dakota  Democrat,  the  first  newspaper  printed  in  Dakota  Territory, 
which  was  published  by  him  at  intervals  until  the  autumn  of  1860, 
when  Albright  left,  and  the  paper  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  Mr 
Stewart,  who  printed  it  for  a  short  time,  under  the  name  of  the 
Independent;  the  reason  for  which  change  of  name  was  grounded  in 
necessity,  Albright  having  taken  the  Democrat  heading  away  with 
him.  The  Independent  heading  had  formerly  been  used  for  the 
name  of  a  paper  published  at  Sergeant  Bluffs,  Iowa,  by  F.  M. 
Ziebach. 

Soon  after  the  election,  the  Provisional  Legislature  convened. 
Henry  Masters  was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  S.  J.  Al- 
bright Speaker  of  the  House.  During  the  session,  Henry  Masters 
was  elected  Governor.  This  first  session  of — to  say  the  least — an 
irregular  legislative  body,  lasted  but  a  few  days,  memorialized  Con- 
gress for  the  organization  of  a  new  Territory,  and  authorized  A. 
G.  Fuller  to  represent  the  proposed  new  Territory  in  Congress. 

The  year  18.59  was  in  the  main  an  uneventful  one,  the  Indians 
varying  the  monotony  by  stealing  a  horse  occasionally.     Governor 


SIOUX    FALLS    SETTLEMENT.  49 

Masters  died  in  the  early  autumn  of  that  year,  this  being  the  lirst 
death  of  a  white  man  to  occur  in  the  Valley.  Another  election  of 
members  of  the  Legislature  and  Delegate  to  Congress,  took  place 
in  the  fall  of  1859,  J.  P.  Kidder  being  elected  Delegate.  The 
Legislature  met  early  in  the  autumn  at  Sioux  Falls.  W.  W. 
Brookings  was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  S.  J.  Albright 
Speaker  of  the  House.  At  the  close  of  the  session,  W.  W.  Brook- 
ings was  elected  Governor.  This  Legislature  passed  a  few  bills, 
but  the  principal  business  was  the  memorializing  of  Congress  for 
the  organization  of  a  new  Territory. 

During  the  year  1859,  A.  F.  Shaw  came  to  the  Territory,  locat- 
ing at  Sioux  Falls,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  The  year  before, 
William  Stevens,  S.  Nesmith  and  Joseph  Scales,  had  located  on 
the  east  side.  Later  in  1859,  George  P.  Waldron  moved  with  his 
family  from  Dubuque,  Iowa,  to  Sioux  Falls.  Mr.  Waldron  was  a 
Director  of  the  Western  Town  Company. 

The  year  1860  was  passed  with  but  few  incidents  of  importance, 
and  was  characterized  by  but  little  immigration.  J.  B.  Amidon 
and  family  came  early  in  1860,  or  late  in  1859.  B.  M.  Smith 
made  yearly  visits  to  the  Falls,  as  agent  of  the  Dakota  Land  Com- 
pany, and  in  the  summer  of  1859,  Hon.  J.  P.  Kidder  visited  the 
Falls,  stopping  two  weeks  or  more. 

March  2d,  1861,  the  bill  for  the  organization  of  Dakota  Terri- 
ritory  was  approved  by  President  Buchanan,  but  owing  to  the  dull 
times  and  the  excitement  East,  incident  to  the  war  of  the  Rebel- 
lion, but  few  new  settlers  came.  In  addition  to  the  constant  un- 
easiness, and  the  more  or  less  perilous  state  of  affairs  with  which 
the  pioneers  had  to  contend,  on  account  of  the  unreliable  and 
blood-thirsty  tribes  of  Indians  by  which  they  were  surrounded,  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  that,  during  the  period  which  elapsed  be- 
tween the  admission  of  Minnesota  as  a  State,  and  the  organization 
of  the  Territory  of  Dakota  by  Congress,  the  situation  of  the  Sioux 
Valley  colonists,  was  a  peculiar  one;  as,  in  all  that  interval,  neces- 
sarily, by  reason  of  the  inchoate  condition  of  things,  there  was 
really  no  duly  authorized  government,  and  no  law.  So  far  as  the 
purely  legal  status  of  the  settlers  was  concerned,  they  were  all 
''squatters"  on  virgin  soil,  and  each  was  a  law  unto  himself.  Never- 
theless, we  have  seen  that  social  and  civil  regulations,  rude  and  ir- 
regular as  they  Avere  of  necessity,  were  yet  adequate  to  the  emer- 
gencies of  the  times;  and  by  organized  persistence,  order  was  finally 


50  HISTORY    OF   WOUTHEASIERN'    DAKOTA. 

brought  out  of  chaos,  the  redemption  of  the  soil  to  civilized  ut-es 
went  on  in  the  main  unchecked,  and  this  vast  region  took  its  place 
by  the  side  of  its  Sister  Territories,  destined  by  the  lapse  of  a  few 
years  to  outstrip  them  all  in  the  race. 

In  the  first  regular  organized  Legislature,  Sioux  Falls  was  given 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  was  put  in  a  Coun- 
cil district  extending  from  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Sioux  River  to 
the  British  Possessions,  and  entitled  to  two  Councilmen.  W.  W. 
Brookings,  of  Sioux  Falls,  and  Austin  Cole,  of  Sioux  Point,  were 
elected  to  the  Council,  and  George  P.  Waldron,  of  Sioux  Falls,  to 
the  House.  The  first  Legislature  divided  the  Sioux  Valley  into  the 
counties  of  Cole  (now  Union),  Lincoln,  Minnehaha,  Brookings  and 
Deuel.  Lincoln  County  was  named  after  Lincoln  County,  Maine, 
(the  county  in  which  W.  W,  Brookings  was  born,)  and  after  Pres- 
ident Lincoln;  Minnehaha,  from  the  Falls;  Brookings,  for  Council- 
man Brookings;  and  Deuel,  for  a  member  of  the  first  Council.  Some 
of  the  first  officers  of  Minnehaha  County  were:  J.  B.  Amidon, 
Judge  of  Probate  and  Treasurer;  Harry  Masters,  Register  of  Deeds; 
J.  W,  Evans,  Sheriff;  William  Stevens,  William  Amidon  and  B.  C. 
Fowler,  Commissioners;  James  McCall,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

The  spring  and  summer  of  1863  opened  very  favorably  for  the 
Sioux  Valley.  A  detachment  of  Company  A,  Dakota  Cavalry, 
Lieutenant  Bacon  in  command,  was  stationed  at  the  Falls  for  pro- 
tection from  the  Indians.  Two  of  Sioux  Falls'  oldest  citizens, 
John  McClellan  and  A.  F.  Shaw,  joined  this  company  and  served 
through  the  war.  The  crops  were  very  fine,  and  new  settlers  be- 
gan to  arrive  in  encouraging  numbers;  but  this  promising  outlook 
was  brought  to  a  most  unexpected  and  gloomy  termination.  On 
the  16th  of  August,  the  succession  of  terrible  massacres  on  the 
frontier  of  Minnesota  Avas  begun  by  the  Indians,  and  eight  days 
later,  on  the  25tli  of  the  month,  Judge  J.  B.  Amidon  and  son,  of 
Sioux  Falls,  fell  victims  to  the  savage  assassins. 

The  circumstances  of  this  double  murder,  which  occasioned  the 
greatest  consternation,  are  substantially  as  follows:  Judge  Amidon 
and  son  went,  on  the  morning  of  the  25th,  from  their  home  in 
Sioux  Falls  to  their  land,  a  mile  north  of  town,  for  the  purpose  of 
cutting  hay,  taking  their  di'^ners  with  them.  As  they  did  not  re- 
turn at  night,  Mrs.  Amidon,  becoming  alarmed,  notified  the  sol- 
diers, who  at  once  started  in  hunt  of  them.  Their  oxen  Avere  found 
chained  to  the  wagon  wheel,  but  the  search  for  the  father  and  son 


SIOUX    FALLS    SETTLEXEXT.  51 

was  ansuccesslul  that  night.  At  dawn  of  the  following  morning, 
the  search  wa?  renewed,  resulting  in  finding  the  bodies  of  the  Judge 
and  his  son.  Judge  Amidon.  when  found,  w^as  lying  on  his  face 
with  a  bullet-hole  through  his  body;  the  son  was  found  farther 
back  in  the  cornfield,  the  body  shot  with  a  dozen  or  more  arrows. 
Circumstances  indicated  the  details  of  the  manner  in  which  they 
met  their  death,  to  be  about  as  follows:  While  haying  near  the 
cornfield,  their  attention  Avas  evidently  attracted  among  the  corn, 
and  on  going  into  the  cornfield  to  see  what  was  transpiring,  the  boy 
was  shot  with  arrows.  Attracted  by  the  cries  of  his  son,  Judge 
Amidon  started  for  the  cornfield,  but  seeing  the  Indians,  turned 
and  fled  in  the  direction  of  town.  The  flight  of  the  father  was 
stopped,  and  his  life  suddenly  terminated,  by  a  bullet  from  the  gun 
of  one  of  his  pursuers,  the  ball  entering  the  back  and  penetrating  the 
heart  or  other  vital  organs^  as  he  had  fallen  forward  on  his  face  in 
the  direction  of  the  town,  and  had  apparently  died  almost  instantly, 
there  being  no  evidence  of  a  single  struggle  after  falling.  The 
boy,  although  almost  literally  covered  with  the  arrows  of  the  sava- 
ges, had  evidently  survived  for  some  time,  as  he  had  drawn  the 
shafts  from  his  body  and  laid  them  beside  him. 

The  squad  of  cavalry  commenced  at  early  dawn  to  scour  the 
country  in  search  of  the  savage  murderers,  and  while  the  most  of 
them  were  out,  a  party  of  Indians  came  over  the  bluffs  and  fired  in- 
to their  camp,  but,  on  the  approach  of  the  soldiers,  the  Indians  fled  to 
the  river,  where,  in  the  brush,  timber  and  high  grass  they  escaped. 

All  this  time,  nothing  was  known  at  Sioux  Falls  of  the  dreadful 
massacres  by  the  savages  on  the  Minnesota  frontier;  but  on  Wed- 
nesday, two  couriers  arrived  from  Yankton  Avith  the  fearful  intell- 
igence, and  with  orders  from  the  Governor  commanding  the  sol- 
diers to  at  once  proceed  to  Yankton,  bringing  with  them  all  the 
settlers  oEthe  Valley. 

It  was  w^tli  heavy  hearts  that  this  little  band  of  pioneers  aband- 
oned their  earthly  possessions,  and  turned  their  backs  upon  the 
fields  and  dwellings  they  had  fondly  Called  their  owm — dear  to 
them,  not  only  for  their  intrinsic  value,  but  that  they  were  the 
measure  of  sacrifices  made,  of  toil  endured,  of  hopes  and  ambitions 
unattained,  that  had  nerved  the  weary  arms  and  cheered  the  hearts 
of  the  little  company  in  their  struggle  to  win  from  the  recesses  cf 
nature,  homes,  with  home  influences,  home  surroundings  and  heme 


52  HISTORY    OF   SOFTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

love.     All  these  bright   anticipations  were  destroyed,  when  it  was 
decided  that  the  town  must  be  abandoned. 

In  a  few  hours  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  Sioux  Valley,  with 
most  of  their  stock,  and  with  what  goods  could  be  hastily  got  to- 
gether, were  on  their  way  to  Yankton,  and  the  Sioux  Valley  was 
for  several  years  deserted. 

After  the  people  of  Sioux  Falls  had  departed,  the  Indians  came  in 
and  burned  all  the  houses,  save  three,  and  in  these  fires  were 
lighted;  but  fortunately,  the  flames  expired  without  doing  serious 
damage.  Interesting  relics  of  this  eventful  period  yet  survive,  in 
the  shape  of  partially  burned  papers  belonging  to  Judge  Brook- 
ings, among  which  was  his  diploma  of  gi'aduation  from  Bowdoin 
College,  Maine,  and  the  certificate  of  his  admission  to  the  Bar. 
These,  with  the  remaining  contents  of  a  trunk  in  the  house,  which 
he,  with  others,  had  occupied,  were  heaped  in  the  middle  of  the 
floor,  and  set  fire  to,  with  the  intention  of  burning  the  building. 
All  that  had  been  done  to  improve  the  place — all  the  property  that 
had  been  accumulated  during  years  of  toil  and  hardship,  privations 
and  loneliness — was  swept  away,  and  the  town  of  Sioux  Falls,  so 
beautifully  situated,  with  so  bright  prospects  for  the  future,  was 
blotted  out,  as  though  it  had  never  been.  All  that  the  blind  fury 
of  the  ruthless  savages  could  do  to  obliterate  every  trace  of  civiliza- 
tion in  this  part  of  the  Northwest,  was  put  into  execution  before 
the  settlers  had  fairly  passed  from  sight.  This  might  fitly  be 
termed  the  Indian  Romance  of  the  History  of  Sioux  Falls,  although, 
it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remark,  it  appears  vastly  more  romantic 
at  this  distance  of  time  than  at  the  period  of  these  occurrences,  and 
to  the  unlucky  participants  therein. 

Two  months  later  a  party  of  soldiers  and  citizens  came  back  to 
look  after  the  property  they  had  left  behind  them.  It  was  the 
time  of  the  full  moon,  and  the  party  camped  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  river,  at  the  old  Yankton  crossing,  three  and  one-half  miles 
from  Sioux  Falls.  The  party  was  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Miner  and  consisted  of  not  more  than  twenty  soldiers  and  citizens, 
the  authorities  on  the  Missouri  River  fearing  to  spare  a  greater 
number  of  soldiers.  Captain  Miner  and  one  or  two  other  soldiers 
rode  forward  into  town  in  the  night,  to  reconnoitre,  and  on  return- 
ing, reported  no  signs  of  Indians;  so  that  all  in  camp  slept  well 
for  the  remainder  of  the  night,  and  were  up  bright  and  early  in 
the  morning,  anxious  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  burned  town.  Their 


SIOUX   FALLS    SETTLEMEKT.  53 

surprise  can  be  imagined,  on  coming  over  the  hills  south  of  the 
Falls,  at  seeing  a  party  of  mounted  Indians  rise  out  of  the  valley 
below  and  form  on  the  bluffs  north  of  town. 

Nothing  but  supreme  audticity  could  serve  the  turn  in  such  an 
unexpected  dilemma,  the  Indians  being  largely  in  the  majority;  so, 
clapping  spurs  to  their  horses,  the  command  dashed  madly  forward 
to  the  attack;  which  show  of  confident  bravery,  the  Indians  per- 
ceiving, and  doubtless  thinking  the  advancing  force  much  larger 
than  it  really  was,  the  whole  band  immediately  commenced  a  rapid 
and  disorderly  retreat  for  the  river  and  the  timber  north  of  town, 
the  soldiers  following  in  hot  pursuit.  In  crossing  a  wet  and 
marshy  spot,  the  horse  of  one  of  the  Indians  sank  in  the  mire, 
which  caused  him  to  dismount  and  run  for  his  life.  This  noble 
red  rascal  was  overtaken,  and  despite  his  protestations  that  he  was 
a  ''heap  good  Injun,"  was  summarily  dispatched.  By  that  time  the 
rest  of  the  band  was  among  the  timber  and  beyond  successful  pur- 
suit; so  the  pursuing  party  hastily  returned,  gathered  a  few  things 
at  the  devastated  settlement,  and  retreated  twenty-five  miles  before 
halting,  making  a  short  stop  at  the  west  side  of  the  Vermillion 
River,  where  they  fed  their  horses  and  then  moved  on  twenty-five 
miles  further  before  going  into  camp. 

In  October  of  this  same  year,  all  Dakota  Avas  deserted  by  the 
whites,  save  those  of  Yankton  and  BonHomme  counties,  who 
were  enclosed  in  a  sod  stockade  at  Yankton,  expecting  every  hour 
to  be  attacked  by  the  savages.  All  this  abandonment  of  a  vast 
region  in  a  fair  way  to  be  reclaimed,  w;h  the  result,  partly  of  an 
Indian  ''scare"  consequent  upon  the  Minnesota  massacres,  and 
partly  in  consequence  of  the  appearance  of  small  parties  of  preda- 
tory Indians  along  the  Missouri  River.  How  much  of  the  alarm 
was  justifiable  by  the  true  state  of  affairs,  and  how  much  of  it  came 
from  that  panicky  part  of  human  nature,  which  is  often  aroused 
by  a  mere  spark,  and  spreads  on  all  sides  without  apparent  reason, 
magnifying  petty  dangers,  and  eventuating  in  a  general  stampede 
— is  a  matter  for  difference  of  opinion.  Certain  it  is,  that  there 
were  grave  causes  for  serious  alarm,  and  equally  certain  is  it,  that 
the  stampede  was  eflFectual  and  almost  universal.  Many  of  the 
incidents  of  the  hurriedjflight  were  ludicrous  in  the  extreme,  and  are 
told  to  this  day  with  great  relish  by  those  who  were  eye-witnesses 
of  the  occurrences.  Clay  and  Union — quite  thickly  settled  coun- 
ties— were  depopulated  in  a  day,  the  people  rushing  into  Sioux 


54  HISTORY   OF   SOI'THEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

City,  and  leaving  everything  behind  them — not  even  stopping  to 
secure  the  entrances  to  their  liouses.  Everywhere  was  demoraliza- 
tion, ending  in  complete  and  rapid  desertion. 

The  Sioux  Valley  remained  deserted  from  August,  1802,  until 
May,  1865,  when  Fort  Dakota  was  established  at  Sioux  Falls,  Cap- 
tain Eicher,  v/ith  Company  E,  Sixth  Iowa  Cavalry,  being  detailed 
for  that  purpose,  and  a  tract  of  land  five  miles  square,  including 
the  present  townsite,  was  set  apart  for  a  military  reservation.  The 
location  of  this  post  was  selected  by  Col.  John  Patteje  and  W.  W. 
Brookings.  The  latter  gentleman  had  carte  blanche  to  locate  the 
post  where  he  thought  best,  and  came  with  the  intention  of  locat- 
ing it  on  the  nortliAvest  quarter  of  section  sixteen,  instead  of  on 
the  southwest  quarter;  but  Col.  Pattee  was  of  the  opinion  that,  if 
the  Fort  should  be  located  near  the  Island,  the  Indians  could  fire 
into  it  from  the  bluffs — a  point,  which,  being  apparent  to  Mr.  Brook- 
ings, that  gentleman  yielded  his  preference;  and,  in  consequence, 
from  this  incident,  the  town  of  Sioux  Falls  was  started  near  where 
the  Cataract  House  now  stands,  many  thousands  of  dollars  being 
thereby  added  to  the  value  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  section 
sixteen. 

A.  F.  Hayward,  now  of  Yankton,  was  the  first  sutler  or  post 
trader  at  Sioux  Falls,  but  only  remained  there  until  November, 
1865,  when  he  sold  out  to  C.  K.  Howard,  who  at  that  date  located 
at  Sioux  Falls,  where  he  has  ever  since  remained,  and  has  become 
the  most  widely  known  resident  of  the  Sioux  Valley,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  most  enterpising,  prosperous  and  popular  business  men. 

The  Volunteers  were  soon  relieved  by  regular  troops  under  Col. 
Knox,  who  remained  until  the  fall  of  1869,  when  Fort  Dakota  was 
abandoned.  The  reservation,  however,  remained  until  the  spri]ig 
of  1870. 

In  the  summer  of  1866,  John  Nelson,  John  Thompson,  William 
Melville  and  Sylvester  Delaney,  with  their  families,  settled  in  Min- 
nehaha County.  The  two  former  have  lived  here  ever  since,  and 
are  among  the  wealthy  and  influential  farmers  of  the  county  of 
Minnehaha. 

In  1867,  Ole  Gunderson,  Foster  Gundcrson,  Martin  Gunderson, 
John  Johnson,  Larson  Sweet,  J.  Larson,  Ole  0.  Getset,  OleJ.  Arn- 
son,  and  their  families,  settled  in  the  county.  In  the  same  year, 
Edward  Broughton  settled  at  Sioux  Falls,  and  a  number  of  par- 
ties moved  into  the  Sioux  Valley,  within  the  limits  of  Lincoln 


SIOUX   FALLS    SETTLEMENT.  55 

County;  and  during  the  session  of  1867-8^  the  Legislature  re-organ- 
ized Minnehaha  County,  after  an  interregnum  of  six  years,  by  the 
appointment  of  John  Nelson,  John  Thompson  and  William  Mel- 
ville, Commissioners,  and  Edward  Broughton,  Register  of  Deeds; 
and  Lincoln  County  by  the  appointment  of  Benjamin  .^llinger, 
Roger  T,  Beal  and  Patrick  McDonald,  Commissioners;  J.  L,  Laird, 
Sheriff;  William  L.  Kuykendall,  Judge  of  Probate;  William  Morris, 
Register  of  Deeds;  N.  J.  Bond,  A.  B.  Moore  and  Lewis  Lowell, 
Justices  of  the  Peace;  James  Mastersou,  Constable;  J.  H.  Gilder- 
sleeve,  County  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction;  S.  H.Vinson, 
Surveyor;  Ed.  P.  Johnson,  District  Attorney. 

From  this  time  on,  the  Sioux  Valley  settled  rapidly.  In  1869, 
N.  E.  Phillips,  one  of  the  most  popular  and  successful  merchants 
of  the  Valley,  settled  at  Sioux  Falls,  John  Hunter,  J.  Duling,  D. 
Reynolds  and  Clark  Coates  were  among  the  settlers  of  the  same 
year,  are  all  here  still,  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Duling,  deceased, 
and  have  all  been  quite  successful  in  their  business  undertakings. 
The  year  1870  found  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  John  Bippus  and  Col.  Allen 
here,  as  also  Dr.  J,  L.  Phillips  and  John  McClellan  returned  to 
their  old  camping  ground. 

In  1869  a  few  settlers  came  into  Brookings  County,  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1871,  Brookings  County  was  organized  by  the  appointment  of 
Martin  Trygstadt,  L.  M.  Hewlet  and  Elias  Thompson,  County  Com- 
missioners, and  W.  H.  Packard,  Register  of  Deeds.  This  was  the 
third  county  organized  in  the  Sioux  Valley. 

In  1871  William  Van  Eps,  who  has  since  become  one  of  the  most 
prominent  merchants  of  Dakota,  moved  to  Sioux  Falls. 

In  1870  the  military  reservation  at  Sioux  Falls  was  vacated,  and 
much  of  the  land  that  Sioux  Falls  now  occupies  was  pre-empted 
from  the  government.  From  this  time  forward  the  settlement  of 
the  Sioux  Valley  has  progressed  with  wonderful  rapidity.  In  the 
fall  of  1871  Minnehaha  County  sent  Col.  Charles  Allen  and  0.  B. 
Iverson  to  the  Legislature,  and  during  the  same  year,  W.  F.  Kiter' 
started  the  Sioux  Falls  rantacjrapli.  In  May,  1872,  Judge  W.  W. 
Brookings  held  at  Sioux  Falls  the  first  term  of  court  ever  held  in 
the  Sioux  Valley. 

Having  thus  brought  down  th  hitht.L^  unwritten  history  of 
the  early  settlement  of  the  Sioux  Valley,  to  vv'ithin  a  time  when  the 
material  data  are  easy  of  access  from  the  recoras-,  both  official  and 


56  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

printed,  we  now  proceed  to  the  further  pleasant  task  of  noting  the 
progress  of  events,  beginning  with  1871. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 

The  ''Capital  of  Minnehaha  County,''  which — by  way  of  paren- 
thesis,— we  may  state,  occupies  an  elevation  of  87.1  feet  above 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  25.8  feet  aboA^e  Yankton,  and  1413  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  is  located  on  sections  sixteen,  seventeen  and  twenty- 
one,  of  town  one  hundred  and  one,  range  forty-nine.  As  its  name 
indicates,  it  is  situated  near  the  Falls  of  the  Big  Sioux  River, 
which,  being  so  uncommon  in  prairie  countries,  has  given  the  place 
more  than  a  mere  local  celebrity.  When  we  speak  of  these  Falls^ 
we  mean/a//s,  not  mere  rapids;  the  equal  in  beauty  of  St,  Antho- 
ny's, and  surpassed  in  grandeur  only  by  Niagara.  The  general 
course  of  the  river  is  south;  but  its  direction  through  this  town- 
ship is  to  every  point  of  the  compass,  flowing  north  through  the 
village  and  finding  its  way  through  the  granite,  quartz-like  rocks 
that  mark  its  banks.  Here  the  water  comes  gliding  along  doAvn 
the  incline  worn  in  the  solid  rocks  by  the  incessant  wash  of  the 
ages  of  the  eternal  past,  until  it  meets  an  obstruction,  where  it 
seems  to  pause  just  long  enough  to  form  a  graceful  curve,  and 
then  plunges  with  a  roar  into  the  abyss  below,  where  it  moves  for- 
ward in  a  seething,  boiling  mass,  until  another  obstruction  is  met, 
which  it  leaps  with  a  bound,  a  portion  of  the  volume  rising  in  the 
form  of  spray,  making  rainbows  in  the  sunlight  and  falling  like 
rain  on  the  adjacent  rocks,  while  the  greater  portion  rushes  on, 
impatient  of  restraint,  until,  the  last  barrier  passed,  it  moves  off 
quietly  to  the  Missouri. 

Just  below  the  business  portion  of  the  town,  the  river  divides 
and  forms  what  is  known  as  Brookings  Island,  an  island  containing 
about  twenty  acres.  This  island  is  thickly  covered  with  a  heavy 
srrowth  of  choice  hardwood  timber.  Surrounded  as  it  is  Avitk  clear 
water  and  projecting  rocks,  and,  during  the  summer  season,  covered 
with  a  thick  shade,  through  which  comes  the  music  of  the  water- 
fall just  below,  it  is  one  of  the  most  desirable,  if  not  the  most 
desirable,  resort  for  pleasure  seekers  in  all  the  great  Northwest. 

From  1871  the  present  town  of  Sioux  Falls  has  had  a  very  steady 
and  constant  growth,  and  here  begins  the  following  detailed  histor}- : 

The  advent  in  the  year  following  of  T.  Pomeroy  and  E.  G. 
Hancock,  jewelers;  R.  C.  Hawkins,  mason;    0.  P.  Weston  and  A. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  57 


Petterson,  carpenters  and  builders,  and  W.  F.  Kiter  with  a  print- 
ing office,  while  it  undoubtedly  entitled  them  to  the  appellation 
of  ^'first  settlers,"  caused  no  such  excitement  as  had  the  arrival  of 
new  settlers  in  previous  years. 

The  year  1873  Avas  one  of  exceptional  prosperity  to  the  then 
young  town.  A  second  newspaper,  the  Sioux  Falls  Independent^ 
was  established  May  15th,  by  C.  W.  McDonald;  the  U.  S.  Land 
Office  was  located  here  June  9th;  the  Sioux  Falls  mills  were  put  in 
operation;  a  brick  yard  was  opened  by  D.  H.  Talbot;  hotels  were 
built;  business  houses  established;  the  old  barracks  were  torn  down 
in  July,  giving  place  to  more  modern  architecture,  and  everything 
seemed  to  promise  a  brilliant  future  for  Sioux  Falls,  without  its  hav- 
ing to  pass  through  the  customary  stages  of  doubt  aud]uncertainty 
so  common  at  the  settlement  and  building  of  towns  further  east. 
The  population  of  the  town  kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  bus- 
iness interests,  the  school  census  taken  in  September  showing  the 
number  of  people  residing  in  the  town  to  be  593. 

During  the  winter  of  1871,  the  brewery  was  built  by  Messrs. 
Knott  &  Nelson,  the  material  of  the  old  stonej^hotel"  which  stood 
in  the  middle  of  Main  Street,  just  west  of  the  Island,  being  thus 
utilized. 

The  grasshopper  visitation  of  1871  will  long  be  remembered  by 
tlie  older  inhabitants.  Their  ravages  were  so  wide-spread  in  ex- 
tent, and  the  destruction  following  in  their  wake  so  complete,  that 
many  families  were  left  destitute  of  the  means  of  subsistence,  and 
a  still  larger  number  was  left,  unable  to  again  seed  their  land  with- 
out assistance.  To  meet  this  emergency  the  Minnehaha  County  Aid 
Society  was  organized  January  25th,  1875,  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying the  wants  of  the  needy  poor,  and  assisting  those  who  were 
unable  to  buy  seed  for  their  next  season's  crops.  Daring  the  time 
this  society  was  in  operation  it  distributed  -^531.68  in  money,  be- 
sides vast  quantities  of  clothing,  seed,  &c.,  sent  out  by  the  gener- 
ous hearted  people  of  the  East.  That  the  substance  of  all  the 
people  here  was  not  destroyed  by  the  voracious  ''  hopper-grass,"  is 
amply  proved  by  the  fact  that  in  the  spring  of  1875,  after  all  the 
ground  was  seeded,  some  6,000  bushels  of  surplus  wheat  were  sent 
to  market  in  one  train. 

In  the  spring  of  1875,  people  went  to  work,  the  same  as  though 
they  had  never  seen  a  grasshopper  l-^tf^rmiued  to  surmount  all  ob- 
stacles and  build  a  city.     Gale's  Grove  was  set  out  in  May  of  this 


58  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

year.  During  the  summer,  Henry  Callender's  dwelling,  Dennis' 
blacksmith  shop  and  Sherman's  postoffice  building  (now  First  Na- 
tional Bank  building),  were  built,  being  the  first  brick  buildings 
erected  in  Sioux  Falls. 

The  year  1876,  was  in  a  measure  one  of  disappointment  to  the 
people  of  Sioux  Falls,  as  many  of  them  had  confidently  expected  a 
railroad  to  the  town  during  the  Centennial  year.  When  they 
found  this  Avas  not  to  be,  they  at  once  turned  their  attention  to 
the  task  of  getting  communication  with  the  rest  of  the  world  by 
telegraph.  This  undertaking  was  completed  in  November,  and  E. 
W.  Coughran  was  selected  as  operator.  The  first  business  mes- 
sage sent  from  Sioux  Falls  was  by  W.  H.  Corson;  the  first  paid 
message  reseived  was  for  R.  M.  Clapp.  Since  this  time  Sioux 
Falls  has  enjoyed  almost  uninterrupted  telegraphic  communica- 
tion with  the  East.  Upon  the  removal  of  Mr.  Coughran  from  the 
city,  the  office  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  present  efficient  opera- 
tor, E.  J.  Manix. 

During  the  summer  of  1876,  a  sidewalk  was  built  from  the 
Land  Office  to  Van  Eps'  store,  which  was  hailed  by  the  people 
with  delight,  as  a  token  of  the  coming  metropolitan  greatness  of 
the  town.  The  bridge  across  the  river  at  Eighth  street  was  fin- 
ished December  llth,  at  an  expense  of  ^1,750.00,  nearly  the  en- 
tire amount  being  raised  by  private  subscription 

One  of  those  little  incidents,  which  show  more  forcibly  than 
columns  of  figures  can,  the  growth  of  a  business,  was  told  in  the 
fall  of  1876.  While  the  workmen  were  cleaning  up  the  rubbish 
that  had  accumulated  at  the  back-end  of  Howard's  store,  they  came 
upon  an  old  greasy  wooden  box,  almost  fifteen  inches  square,  and 
about  three  feet  long.  "Charley"  being  called  out  for  an  explan- 
ation, said:  "I  had  that  made  to  go  around  a  tin  can  in  1871; 
then  I  was  the  only  one  in  Sioux  Falls  who  sold  kerosene;  the 
stage  made  but  one  trip  a  week.  I  used  to  strap  that  old  box  on 
behind  the  stage  and  have  it  brought  up  full  of  oil,  and  it  used  to 
last  the  w^hole  town  until  the  stage  came  up  again.  Now,  just 
five  years  after,  Avith  seven  other  firms  in  the  town  selling  kero- 
sene, my  last  lot  of  oil  Avas  fifty  barrels." 

The  next  improvement  (?)  in  tiie  toAvn,  of  a  public  character, 
was  tlie  building  of  the  calaboose  in  February,  1878,  the  village 
having  been  incorporated  in  1877.  This  structure,  built  of  2  by 
4's,  spiked  together,  Avas    used  by  the  city  until  the  completion  of 


SIOUX    FALLS.  59 


Sherman's  stone  building,  corner  of  Main  and  North  streets,  in  the 
fall  of  1878,  or  spring  of  1879,  when  the  county  exchanged  with 
the  village,  giving  the  use  of  the  cells  in  the  basement  of  Sher- 
man's building  for  the  use  of  the  old  calaboose,  which  was  moved 
down  the  river  bjlow  the  Commercial  House,  and  enlarged.  This 
building  served  as  the  common  jail  of  the  county  until  the  comple- 
tion of  the  present  handsome  structure  of  brick  and  stone  on  Main 
street.  Aft^.-r  serving  its  day  and  generation  this  "noble"  old 
building,  hallowed  with  so  many  historic  associations,  went  down 
stream,  bugs  and  all,  in  the  flood  of  1881. 

The  bridge  at  Tenth  street  was  begun  in  March  of  this  year,  1878, 
and  completed  September  1st,  at  an  expense  of  ^2,700.00.  Like 
the  bridge  on  Eighth  street  it  was  built  mostly  by  subscription. 

Up  to  this  time,  the  county  officers  had  had  no  official  home; 
the  county  books  and  records  were  to  be  found  distributed  among 
the  various  business  houses  of  the  town,  wherever  the  officiars 
private  business  interests  happened  to  be  located.  At  the  April 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners,  E.  A.  Sherman 
made  a  proposition  to  the  Board,  for  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
building  for  the  county  officers,  provided  the  county  would  rent  the 
same  until  such  time  as  the  county  should  be  able  to  build  a  suita- 
ble Court  House.  The  proposition  was  accepted,  and  Mr.  Sher- 
man at  once  proceeded  to  the  erection  of  the  stone  building,  cor- 
ner of  main  and  Fifth  streets.  The  cells  are  in  the  basement;  the 
ground  floor  has  two  commodious  offices,  one  for  the  Register  of 
Deeds,  and  one  for  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  with  a  fire-proof 
vault  attached  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the  county  records;  while, 
on  the  second  floor,  are  two  more  offices,  one  for  the  Judge  of 
Probate,  and  one  for  the  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  a  court 
room  of  ample  dimensions. 

The  Germania  Verein  Society  was  organized  January  10th,  1880, 
and  the  building  of  Germania  Hall  began  in  July.  The  Hall  will 
comfortabl  V  seat  550  persons,  and  is  duly  appreciated  by  the  citizens. 
The  cost  of  the  building,  when  completed,  will  not  be  far  from  $7,000" 

In  May,  1880,  a  hook  and  ladder  truck  was  received,  which  was 
the  first  public  acknowledgment  that  the  city  was  liable  to  be  dam- 
aged by  fire.  The  expense  of  the  truck  and  accompanying  appli- 
ances was  §1,200.  A  fire  company  was  organized,  but  having  no 
place  in   which  to  hold   their  meetings,  it  has  been  disbanded  so 


60  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN"   DAKOTA. 


that  Sioux  Falls  is  now  depending  on  frequent  showers  of  rain 
and  the  volunteer  efforts  of  its  citizens,  for  jirotection  from  fire. 

In  May,  1880,  the  County  Commissioners  contracted  for  the 
building  of  a  jail,  to  be  erected  on  Ninth  street,  at  a  cost  of  S7,627i 
Messrs.  McCormack  and  Stratton  being  the  successful  bidders* 
After  the  building  had  reached  the  second  story,  it  was  found  that 
the  foundation  was  not  suitable;  work  was  discontinued,  and  after 
discussion  and  consultation,  the  building  was  removed  to  its  pres- 
ent location  on  Main  street  near  Sixth. 

In  June,  1880,  the  Cross  Mining  Company  was  organized,  with 
a  capital  of  $20,000,  for  the  purpose  of  operating  the  Cross  mine 
in  the  Black  Hills,  the  officers  being:  R.  F.  PettigreAv,  President; 
J.  L.  Phillips,  Vice  President;  H.  L.  Hollister,  Treasurer;  E.  W. 
Coughran,  Secretary;  N.  E.  Phillips,  Superintendent;  and  C.  H. 
A^incent,  T,  H.  Brown  and  E.  Sharpe,  Directors. 

The  U.  S.  Census,  completed  in  June  of  this  year,  showed  Sioux 
Falls  to  have  a  population  of  2,227,  while  in  the  county  there 
were  8,222. 

The  U.  S.  Land  Office  was  closed  September  11th,  of  this  year, 
having  been  ordered  to  Mitchell.  During  the  seven  years  and 
three  months  of  its  location  in  Sioux  Falls,  our  people  had  formed 
so  strong  an  attachment  for  it,  and  its  gentlemanly  officers,  that, 
while  admitting  the  justness  of  the  order  for  its  removal,  they 
were  sorry  to  see  the  office  go. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  Dakota  Legislature,  Sioux  Falls  was 
selected  as  the  location  of  the  Territorial  Penitentiary,  and  $50,000 
was  appropriated  for  its  erection.  The  Directors  named  in  the  bill 
were  T.  H.  Brown,  R.  H.  Booth  and  W.  L.  Dow.  At  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Board,  W.  L.  Dow  was  elected  President;  T.  H. 
Brown,  Secretary;  and  R.  H.  Booth,  Treasurer.  The  site  selected 
by  the  Directors,  for  the  building,  is  on  the  bluff  just  north  of  the 
Falls,  and  east  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  railroad  track. 

After  visiting  various  State  institutions,  the  Directors  adopted  a 
plan,  of  which  the  following  is  the  official  description: 

"The  Penitentiary  will  consist  of  a  main  building,  54  by  70  feet, 
and  a  wing,  51  by  77^^-  feet.  The  main  building  is  three  stories  high 
in  front,  anl  four  in  the  rear.  The  first  story  is  eleven  and  one- 
half  feet  high,  and  contains  an  entrance  hall,  lavatory,  cook  roonii 
cellar  and  two  store  rooms.  The  second  story  is  eleven  feet  high, 
and  contains  the  entrance  hall.  Warden's  and  Dejiuty  Warden's 


SIOUX    FALLS.  61 


offices,  dining  room  and  three  guard  rooms.  The  thii-d  story  con- 
tains a  chapel  and  two  rooms  for  hospital  purposes.  The  chapel  is 
twenty  feet  high,  the  rear  portion  made  in  two  stories,  the  upper 
story  to  be  used  for  a  female  prison.  The  total  height  of  walls 
above  the  grade  line,  is  45  feet;  the  wing  contains  a  block  of  cells, 
four  tiers  in  height,  seventy-two  in  number.  Each  cell  is  five  feet 
wide,  by  eight  feet  long,  by  seven  feet  high,  and  is  designed  for 
two  prisoners.  The  cells  are  connected  by  iron  galleries  and  stairs. 
The  corridor  around  the  cells  is  twelve  feet  wide  and  thirty-two 
feet  high.  The  walls  of  the  building  are  to  be  of  iSioux  Falls 
stone,  with  some  light  colored  stone  for  trimmings,  as  selected  by 
the  Directors.  The  stone  walls  are  to  be  lined  with  brick.  The 
cells  are  to  be  of  brick,  except  the  floors  which  are  to  be  of  stone; 
partition  walls  of  brick,  cornices,  gutters  and  roofing  of  iron. 
The  first  floor  will  be  of  concrete,  and  those  above  of  wood,  with 
plaster  filling.  The  building  will  be  as  near  fire  proof  as  possible 
with  the  means  at  command." 

The  contract  for  the  building  was  awarded  August  30th,  '81,  to 
R.  D.  Silver,  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  for  844,763.  Work  on  the 
building  has  been  commenced,  and  will  be  prosecuted  with  all  reas- 
onable despatch,  until  the  work  is  completed. 

The  snow  fall  of  1880-81  was  unprecedented  in  the  history  of 
of  the  Northwest.  From  October  15th,  1880,  the  date  of  the  first 
snow  storm  of  the  season,  it  seemed  as  though  all  the  moisture  then 
in  the  atmosphere,  or  likely  to  be  in  the  atmosphere  for  years  to 
come,  had  been  inspired  with  an  instinct  to  form  itself  into  snow 
and  precipitate  itself  on  the  prairies  and  in  the  valleys  tributary  to 
the  Big  Sioux  River.  Not  only  were  the  snow  falls  immense  in 
volume,  but  they  followed  each  other  with  provoking  promptness, 
and  a  strife  for  ascendancy,  worthy  of  a  better  cause.  By  the  be- 
ginning of  1881,  the  railroad  was  hopelessly  blockaded;  the  mails 
only  came  at  intervals  and  provisions  and  fuel  began  to  get  scarce. 
By  the  middle  of  February,  actual  iiscomfort  began  to  stare  those 
in  the  face,  who,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  Avere  able  to  pro- 
cure food  and  fuel.  What  shall  be  said,  then,  of  the  anxieties  of 
those  who  had  neither  food,  fuel  nor  money  ?  It  was  indeed  one  of 
those  seasons  that  recall  to  our  minds,  that  in  the  great  scale  of 
existence,  the  whole  family  of  mankind  are  upon  a  level  with  each 
other.  The  capitalist,  as  well  as  the  dweller  in  the  sod  shanty,  was 
compelled  to  take  his  coffee  "straight'' — sugar  was  a  luxury  not  to 


62  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

be  had.  They  each  had  to  gather  their  robes  around  them,  to  keep 
warm,  and  in  tliis  regard,  the  poor  man;  having  been  schooled  in 
privation,  liad  not  the  dread  of  the  keen  wind  blowing  across  miles 
of  snow,  that  his  more  o])nlent  neighbor  had.  When  the  wood 
and  coal  was  coasumed,  the  lumber  yards  were  next  attacked  by 
those  who  could  afFord-^rather,  had  the  money  to  pay  for — this 
kind  of  fuel.  The  Worthington  &  Sioux  Falls  Railroad  Company 
had  thousands  of  ties  piled  up  along  the  track  here,  ready  for  the  ex- 
tension of  its  line  as  soon  as  spring  should  open.  These  were  gen- 
erously placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  citizens  at  actual  cost;  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  superintend  their  distribution,  and  they  were 
carefully  doled  out  to  the  inhabitants — the  poor  man  Avithout  a 
cent  of  money  getting  his  "rations"the  same  as  the  man  with  his 
pocket  filled  with  cash.  Thus  passed  Februaiy  and  March,  every 
one  hoping  that  winter  would  let  up  with  April — and  it  did. 

High  water  was  expected  when  the  vast  body  of  snow  should  go 
off;  it  was  the  theme  on  every  tongue;  the  possibilities  and  the  prob- 
abilities were  the  staple  subjects  for  discussion  at  every  gathering, 
on  every  corner,  at  every  table.  As  the  middle  of  April  came  and 
went,  the  people  began  to  get  more  anxious  and  uneasy,  if  possible; 
still  the  snow  seemed  to  take  all  the  water  offered,  apparently  in- 
clined to  "  bear  "  the  market.  Not  until  the  17th  of  April  did  the 
river  show  any  signs  of  the  tremendous  break-up  that  was  so  soon 
to  come.  The  "old  settlers"  prophesied  four  feet  of  water  where 
the  lumber  yards  were  located  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  basing 
their  prophecv  on  the  fact  that  they  had  seen  that  much  water 
there  when  there  was  less  provocation  than  then  existed.  Their 
statement  was  believed — and  yet  was  it  believed?  No  effort  was 
made  to  secure  the  property  on  the  east  side;  all  that  was  done,  be- 
ing to  raise  each  of  the  wagon  bridges  a  few  feet. 

At  half  past  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  Wednesday,  April 
20th,  1881,  the  ice  moved  out  of  the  Sioux  River,  taking  with  it 
the  Tenth  Street,  Eighth  Street  and  Pembina  Railroad  bridges, 
Webber's  restaurant  and  dwelling,  C.  0.  Henjum's  blacksmith  shop, 
E.  Price's  barn,  T.  T.  Cochran's  stable,  H.  Gilbert's  ice  house,  Ross 
&  McKinnon's  carpenter  shop,  the  Badger  lumber  office,  and  office 
building  of  the  Queen  Bee  Mill. 

After  this  terrible  outburst,  and  exhibition  of  power  and  energy, 
the  river  fell  about  afoot,  but  on  Thursday  again  began  rising,  and 
continued  rising,  until  Saturday,  about  noon,  when  the  river  had 


SIOUX   FALLS.  C3 


reached  a  height  of  fifteen  feet  and  six  inches  above  its  ordinary 
level,  the  water  being  five  and  a  half  feet  deep  on  the  grinding 
floor  of  the  Cascade  Mill. 

On  Island  Avenue  the  water  cama  up  to  the  front  of  Stringhani 
&  Gillets'  block,  stretching  around  just  back  of  the  Williams 
House,  the  Emerson  block  at  Ninth  street  having  about  five  feet 
of  water  in  the  basement,  all  the  basements  north  of  this  being 
flooded.  The  water  covered  Phillips  Avenue  half  way  between 
the  postoffice  and  Van  Eps'  corner;  thence  diagonally  across  the 
town,  past  Parker's  lumber  yard,  toward  Van  Eps'  residence,  and 
thence  to  the  bluffs  south  of  the  brewery.  On  the  east  side  the 
water  extended  east  of  the  buildings  a  block,  east  of  the  depot  to 
the  switch  and  thence  down  the  track,  past  the  Queen  Bee  Mill, 
coming  into  the  channel  again  just  below  the  lower  mill. 

The  persons  and  corporations  who  were  losers  by  this  flood,  to 

the  extent  of  $1,000  and  upwards,  are  as  follows: 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R.  R $27,000 

Chicag-o,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha 20,000 

Queen  Bee  Mill  Co 15.000 

Oshkosh  Lumber  Co 12,000 

E.  Sharpe  &  Co..  lumber 8,000 

A.  A.  Grrout,  lumber 8,000 

B.  F.  Roderick,  lumber 5,000 

Webber,  Shaw  &  Watson  Mill 8,000 

Minnehaha  County  bridges 6,000 

E.  Price,  hotel 3,500 

Ross  &  McKinnon,  shop   and  planing  mill 2,700 

C.  A.  Paulus.  hotel 2,500 

J.  F.  Webber,  grain 2,000 

Badger  Lumber  Yard 2,000 

Phillip  Piaster,  saloon 2,000 

Village — Calaboose  and  damage  to  streets 2,000 

Emerson,  Sherman  &  Co.,  Mill 1,500 

T.  T.  Cochran,  stable  and  stock  damaged 1,500 

Gilbert  &  Oilman,  grain  warehouse 1,500 

Grout  &  Petterson,  ice  houses 1 ,400 

Parmley  &  Davis,  ice  houses 1 ,200 

Other  losses,  smaller  in  amount,  but  in  many  incidents  more 
keenly  felt,  perhaps,  than  any  of  these,  bring  the  footing  of  the 
losses  up  to  81J:0,000.  Much  of  the  work  done  on  the  east  side  dur- 
ing the  past  summer  has  been  the  repairing  and  replacing  of  the 
property  swept  away  by  this  great  flood. 

TOWif  PLATS. 

The  first  recorded  plat  of  the  present  village  of  Sioux  Falls  was 
made  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips,  dated  August  9th,  1871,  and  is  entitled 
"J.  L.  Phillips'  Sioux  Falls."  It  consisted  of  nine  blocks,  in  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  16,  town  101, 


fl4  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

range  49,  and  extending  from  Phillips  Avenue  on  the  east  to 
Minnesota  Avenue  on  the  west,  and  from  Sixth  street  (just  north 
of  the  Merchant's  Hotel)  on  the  north,  to  Ninth  street  (just  south 
of  the  Cataract  House)  on  the  south. 

Gale's  addition  to  the  town  of   Sioux  Falls  was  recorded  Angus 
16th,  1S7J,  and  comprised  twenty-one  blocks  on  the  north  side  of 
the  northwest  quarter  of  section  21,  town  101,  range  49. 

Since  that  time  the  following  additions  to  the  town  have  been 
made,  platted  and  recorded,  in  the  order  named: 

West  Sioux  Falls,  by  John  McClellan,  January  5, 1872.  Brook- 
ings &  Edmunds'  addition,  by  W.  W.  Brookings  and  N.  Edmunds, 
April  23,  1872.  Shaw's  Addition,  by  A.  F.  Shaw,  July  22,  1872. 
Phillips'  Addition,  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips,  September  10,  1872. 
Gale's  Addition,  No.  1,  by  A.  Gale,  July  22,  1873.  Grigbsy's  Ad- 
dition, No.  1,  by  M.  Grigsby,  July  23,  1873.  East  Sioux  Falls, 
by  I.  Emerson,  December  29,  1875.  Bennett's  First  Addition,  by 
R.  H.  Bennett,  May  26,  1876.  Bennett's  Second  Addition,  by  R. 
H.  Bennett,  October  11,  1877.  Phillips'  Addition  to  East  Sioux 
Falls,  by  N.  E.  Phillips,  L.  T.  Dunning  and  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  Feb- 
ruary 18,  1878.  Gale's  Third  Addition,  by  A.  Gale,  May  18,  1878. 
Emerson's  Addition,  by  E.  A.  Sherman,  June  8,  1878.  Sherman's 
Addition,  by  I.  Emerson,  July  18, 1878.  Pettigrew's  Addition,  by 
R.  F.  Pettigrew,  December  9,  1878.  Millspaugh's  Addition,  by  H. 
C.  Millspaugh,  March  25, 1879.  Folsom's  Addition,  by  Peter  Fol- 
som,  March  29.  1879.  Morse's  Addition,  by  Marshall  Morse,  R. 
F.  Pettigrew,  L.  E.  Gale  and  A.  Gale,  May  30,  1879.  Gale's 
Fourth  Addition,  by  A.  Gale,  April  4th.  1879. 

Other  additions  will  undoubtedly  follow  as  rapidly  as  there  is  a 
demand  for  the  lots.  All  these  various  additions  are  included  in 
the  corporate  limits  of  Sioux  Falls,  except  those  of  Sherman  and 
Emerson,  Avhicli  lie  just  outside  the  village  limits,  Sherman's  addi- 
tion being  on  the  south,  and  Emerson's  on  the  west. 

VILLAGE    CORPORATION". 

At  the  twelfth  session  of  the  Legislature  of  Dakota,  in  January, 
1877,  all  that  portion  of  township  101,  range  49,  known  and  de- 
scribed as  "all  of  section  16,  and  the  east  half  of  the  east  half  of  sec- 
tion 17,  and  the  west  half  of  the  west  half  of  section  15,  and 
the  north  half  of  the  north  half  of  section  21,  and  the  northeast 
quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  20.  and  the  northwest 
quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  22,"  was  constituted  a 


SIOUX   FALLS.  65 


body  corporate  and  politic  by  the  name  of  tbe  Village  of  Sioux 
Falls,  and  by  that  name  they  and  their  successors  forever  were^to 
have  perpetual  succession. 

The  government  of  the  corporation  was  thus  created,  and  the  man- 
agement of  its  affairs  was  vested  in  a  President,  who  is  ex-officio  a 
Trustee,  and  four  Trustees  and  other  officers  provided  for.  The 
first  election  under  the  charter  was  held  on  the  third  Tuesday  of 
March,  1877,  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  C.  K.  Howard,  Presi- 
dent; J.  L.  Phillips,Wm  Van  Eps,  E.  A.  Sherman  and  H.  Callender, 
Trustees;  CO.  Natesta,  Clerk,  and  Geo.  B.  Sammons,  Treasurer. 

The  annual  election  of  1878  resulted  in  the  choice  of  C.  K.  How- 
ard, President;  J.  L.  Phillips,  E.  A.  Sherman,  N.  E.  Phillips, 
Henry  Callender,  Geo.  B.  Sammons,  Trustees;  C.  0.  Natesta,  Clerk, 
andH.  L.  Hollister,  Treasurer. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1879,  amendments  were 
made  to  the  charter,  extending  the  boundaries  of  the  village  so  as 
to  cover  all  of  section  16,  the  west  half  of  15,  the  east  half  of  17, 
the  north  half  of  21,  the  northeast  quarter  of  20,  the  northwest 
quarter  of  22,  the  south  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  10,  the 
south  half  of  the  south  half  of  9,  and  the  south  half  of  the  southeast 
quarter  of  8,  101-49.  Another  amendment  was  also  made  provid- 
ing for  the  annual  election  of  a  police  justice. 

At  the  election  of  March,  1879,  C.  K.  Howard  was  elected  Presi- 
dent; J.  L.  Phillips,  C.  H.  Vincent,  J.  B.  Watson  and  T.  T.  Coch- 
ran, Trustees;  E.  W.  Caldwell,  Clerk;  H.  L.  Hollister,  Treasurer 
and  L.  M.  Estabrook,  Police  Justice. 

By  the  election  of  1880,  the  affairs  of  the  village  government 
were  entrusted  to  C.  K.  Howard,  President;  L.  T.  Dunning,  0.  P. 
Weston,  T.  T.Cochran  and  Andrew  Petterson,  Trustees;  Wm.  H. 
Holt,  Clerk;  H.  L.  Hollister,  Treasurer;  and  R.  C.  Hawkins,  Police 
Justice. 

The  present  Village  Board,  elected  in  March,  1881,  are  L.  T. 
Dunning,  President;  J.  B.  Watson,  W.  E.  Willey,  F.  Kemerth  and 
Andrew  Petterson,  Trustees;  Wm.H.  Holt,  Clerk;  H.  L.  Hollister, 
Treasurer  and  R.  C.  Hawkins,  Police  Justice.  The  Board  appoint- 
ed E.D.  Tracy,  Marshal,  and  C.  F.  Jeffers,  Assistant  Marshal. 

The  affairs  of  the  village  from  the  first  have  been  judiciously 
conducted,  and  the  people  are  to  be  commended  for  their  choice  of 
officers. 


6Q  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN"   DAKOTA. 

TOWNSHIP  OF  SIOUX  FALLS. 

The  people  of  Minneliaha  county  decided  by  ballot,  in  1880,  to 
adopt  the  system  of  township  organization  and  government  pro- 
vided by  the  general  statutes.  At  the  general  election  in  that  year 
the  first  Township  Boards  were  elected,  the  persons  chosen  in  the 
township  of  S'oux  Falls  (which  includes  the  village  for  election 
purposes)  were:  H.  R.  Hunter,  A.  F.  Davenport  and  K.  Thompson, 
Supervisors;  E.  Currey,  Clerk:  G.  B.  Sammons,  Treasurer;  H.  Cal- 
lender.  Assessor;  L.  D.  Henry  and  F.  S.Emerson,  Justices  of  the 
Peace;  H.  Callender  and  C.  T.  Jeffers,  Constables. 

In  July,  1881,  F.  Currey  resigned  his  office  as  Clerk,  and  C.  W. 
McDonald  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

THE  CHURCHES  OF  SIOUX  FALLS. 

With  the  first  immigration  to  Sioux  Falls  came  the  Missionaries 
of  the  Church.  Men,  who,  in  the  spirit  of  the  disciples  of  old,  who 
left  all  that  they  might  follow  Christ,  accepted  all  the  discomforts 
of  the  frontier,  the  hardships  that  naturally  follow  in  the  wake  of 
pioneer  life,  and  the  privations  incident  to  the  settlement  of  a  new 
country,  that  on  the  extreme  limits  of  civilization,  they  might  be 
instrumental  m  establishing  the  outposts  of  the  Kingdom,  and  in 
the  name  of  King  Immanuel,  might  take  possession  of  this  goodly 
land.  They  came  with  strong  arms  willing  hands  and  warm  hearts, 
ready  to  do  the  work  to  be  accomplished. 

Methodist  Episcop(d. — The  Northwest  Iowa  Conference  of  Ihe 
M.  E.  Church  was  among  the  first  to  recognize  the  importance  of 
occupying  this  particular  field.  In  the  year,  1871,  that  body  sent 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Cuthbort  to  organize  the  work  of  that  denomina- 
tion in  this  part  of  the  Ten-itory,  and  to  lay  the  foundation  of  a 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Sioux  Falls.  He  found  the  mem- 
bers few  in  numbers  and  weak  financially.  He  was  followed,  in 
1872,  by  the  Rev.  G.  M.  Curl,  who  divided  his  labors  between  Sioux 
Falls  and  other  adjacent  appointments,  preaching  first  in  the  old 
barracks,  afterward  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  Near  the  close  of  the 
Conference  Year,  in  1873,  he  had  succeeded  in  the  erection  of  a 
building,  18  by  26  feet,  on  Fourth  Avenue,  near  Coats  Street,  which 
was  used  by  the  society  for  its  public  worship  until  January  1st, 
1878,  when  they  occupied  the  basement  of  their  church  on  Main 
Street.  Mr.  Curl  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Rigby,  who  in  the 
fall  of  1874,  was  in  turn  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  G.  D.  Hook.  During 
Mr.  Hook's  ministration  the  society  was  incorporated  under  the  ter- 


SIOUX    FALLS. 


ritorial  laws  as  the  '"  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Sioux 
Falls,"  the  incorporation  being  effected  August  31st  ,1875.  The 
trustees  were:  A.  W.  Manning;  C.  W.  McDonald,  Mrs.  L.  E. 
Gale,  H.  J.  Whipple  and  James  Morrison.  The  Rev.  B,  B.  Scott 
was  the  appointee  of  the  Conference  in  1875.  He  was  succeeded  in 
1876  by  the  Rev.  W.  Fielder.  During  Mr.  Fielder's  ministration 
the  society  was  exceptionally  prosperous.  His  ability,  sterling  in- 
tegrity and  manly  worth,  together  with  his  zeal  for  the  Master,  in- 
creased the  membership,  and  attracted  such  audiences,  that  the  lit- 
tle room  was  no  longer  large  enough  for  their  accommodation,  and 
the  Society  took  steps  for  the  erection  of  a  more  commodious  build- 
ing iu  which  to  hold  services.  September  10th,  1877,  two  lots  on 
the  corner  of  Main  and  Eleventh  Streel:s  were  purchased  for  the 
Society,  and  the  project  for  building  a  church  was  so  far  matured 
that  on  the  18th  of  September,  the  Rev.  W.  Fielder,  R.  C.  Haw- 
kins and  C.  W.  McDonald  were  elected  a  Building  Committee  and 
charged  with  the  erection  of  a  church  building  to  cost  not  less  than 
^3,000.  The  plans  were  furnished  by  A.  V.  Lambert,  of  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  and  tlie  contract  for  the  carpenter  work  taken  by  Messrs. 
Weston  &  Petterson,  of  this  City.  The  basement  is  built  of  stone; 
is  32  feet,  10  inches,  by  50  feet,  10  inches,  and  nine  feet  between 
floor  and  ceiling.  The  audience  room  is  32  by  50  feet,  side  walls 
18  feet  in  height,  center  of  ceiling  24:  feet  from  floor.  The  bell 
tower  is  5^  by  11  feet  at  the  ground  floor,  and  8  feet  square  above 
the  ceiling  of  audience  room,  and  57  feet  high.  The  doors  and  win- 
dows are  gothic.  The  audience  room  is  finished  in  solid  ash  and 
walnut.  The  total  cost  of  the  building  when  dedicated  iu  August, 
1879,  was  8^,616.40.  In  1879  the  Rev"^  S.  P.  Marsh  was  assigned 
to  Sionx  Falls,  and  was  succeeded  in  1880,  by  Rev.  L.  Hartsough. 
Early  in  the  present  year  the  society  built  a  parsonage  on  the  lot 
adjoining  the  church,  20  by  30  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  above 
the  basement. 

('o}igregafio)ial  Church. — The  Congregationalists  were  among 
the  first  of  the  denominations  to  occupy  Sioux  Falls,  establishing 
an  ecclesiastical  organization  here  July  1st.  1872,  with  the  Rev.  J. 
A.  Palmer  as  pastor.  Tlie  church  accommodations  were  of  a  very 
limited  nature,  the  Society  at  first  using  the  old  barracks  for  its 
public  worship.  At  the  completion  of  Allen's  Hall,  the  church 
found  a  new  home,  and  again  changed  its  place  of  holding  service 
at  the  completion  of  Phillips"  Hall.     Mr.  Palmer's  pastorate  ended 


GS  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

in  1874.  He  was  succeeeed,  in  1875,  by  the  Rev.  A.  D.  Adams, 
who  continued  as  pastor  until  1878.  He  was  in  turn  succeeded  by 
the  Rev.  J.  N.  McLoney,  who  is  the  present  pastor.  On  the  Gth 
of  March,  1879,  the  Society  was  incorporated  as  the  "First  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Sioux  Falls,"  with  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips,  A.  Gale 
and  0.  C^>.  Holman  as  Trustees.  Early  in  the  year,  1879,  Messrs. 
E.  A.  Sherman,  J.  B.  Young  and  R.  J.  Wells  were  elected  a  Build- 
ing Committee  and  charged  with  the  erection  of  a  church,  36  by 
58  feet,  with  a  lecture  room,  16  by  27  feet.  A  contract  was  made 
with  S.  McCormack,  and  the  church  was  completed  in  August 
1879.  The  church  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Dakota  Avenue, 
between  Eleventh  and  Coats  streets.  Present  membership  of  the 
church,  eighty-five. 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church. — Bishop  Clarkson,  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church,  was  early  in  the  field,  and  secured  two  lots  for  the 
location  of  a  church  for  the  Episcopal  societ}^  which  he  established 
here.  A  building,  20  by  -40  feet,  to  which  has  since  been  added 
chancel  and  vestry  rooms,  was  built  in  the  summer  of  1872.  The 
Society,  under  the  name  of  Cavalry  Episcopal  Church,  was  organ- 
ized September  30th,  1873,  by  the  election  of  E.  G.  Wheeler,  Senior 
Warden;  F.  D.  Cowles,  Junior  Warden;  C.  H.  Winsor,  W.  A. 
Cory,  J.  A.  Hand,  J.  M.  Washburn  and  Dr.  J.  Roberts,  Vestrymen. 
The  Rev.  W.  H.  H.  Ross  was  the  first  Rector,  and  acted  in  that 
capacity  until  May,  1874,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  W. 
W".  Fowler.  At  the  close  of  Mr.  Fowler's  pastorate,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Huntington  was  Rector  for  a  few  months,  and  was  followed  by  the 
Rev.  W.  P.  Case.  Upon  Mr.  Case's  departure  from  the  city,  Rev. 
T.  B.  Berry  was  sent  to  take  charge  of  the  society.  Soon  after 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Berry,  which  occurred  in  the  spring  of  the  pres- 
ent year,  Mr.  Berry  resigned  his  pastorate,  and  returned  to  New 
York  State,  since  which  time  the  church  has  been  without  regular 
services.  The  present  ofiicers  are:  G.  V.  Quilliard,  Senior  Warden; 
G.  W.  Lewis,  Junior  Warden;  A.  T.  Fleetwood,  E.  G.  Wright  and 
R.  Fleming,  Vestrymen. 

Baptist  Church. — Through  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  A.  W.  Hilton, 
the  members  of  the  Baptist  Church  were  gathered  together,  and 
an  organization  of  the  society  effected,  July  4th,  1875.  The  society 
at  this  time  numbered  ten  members,  with  the  Rev.  A.  W.  Hilton 
as  pastor,  who  continued  to  act  in  that  capacity  until  August  1st, 
1878.     On  the  6th  of  October,  1877,  the  society  was  legally  incor- 


i 


SlOrX   FALLS,  69 


porated  as  the  ''First  Baptist  Church  of  Sioux  Falls,"  with  Messrs. 
M.  T.  Hogaboom,  F.  P.  Dobson,  and  M.  W.  Boulet  as  Trustees. 
September  1st,  1878,  the  Rev.  H.  E.  Norton  accepted  the  pastorate 
of  the  church,  which  position  he  held  until  October  1st,  1881,  the 
society  at  present  being  without  a  pastor.  There  are  now  twenty- 
five  members  of  the  church,  of  whom  M.  T.  Hogaboom,  B.  F. 
Roderick  and  M. '  W.  Boulet  are  Trustees.  Arrangements  are 
about  complete  for  the  building  of  a  house  of  worship,  the  society 
in  the  meantime  holding  regular  services  in  Sherman's  Hall. 

The  Methodist  Church— On  the  11th  of  November,  1878,  the 
Free  Methodist  ('hurch  perfected  an  organization,  A.  W,  Hays,  R. 
Hanson  and  E.  E.  Warren,  being  elected  Trustees.  The  first  pas- 
tor was  the  Rev.  S.  P.  LaDue.  Mr.  LaDue  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  D.  W.  Cook,  the  present  pastor.  The  society  have  a  small 
church  building  on  Fourth  Avenue,  near  Coats  street,  of  which  A. 
W.  Hays,  C.  E.  Ulrich  and  George  Hyde  are  the  Trustees. 

Second  Adventlsts — The  Second  Adventists  effected  an  organi- 
zation in  Sioux  Falls  during  the  summer  of  1879,  their  minister 
having  frequently  visited  the  place  during  the  previous  year.  They 
now  hold  services  regularly  each  week  in  Sherman's  Hall.  The 
Rev.  E.  B.  Whitney  is  pastor.  They  are  now  about  to  incorpor- 
ate the  society  as  the  "Seventh  Day  Adventists,"  the  trustees  being 
John  Hays,  L.  W.  Jones  and  W.  T.  Henton.  The  society  have 
purchased  three  lots  south  of  the  school  house,  and  are  awaiting  !he 
arrival  of  the  material,  ordered  some  time  since,  so  that  they  may 
erect  a  church  thereon,  21x36  feet. 

Unitarian  Church — The  Rev.  John  Visher  visited  Sioux  Falls 
during  the  summer  of  the  present  year  and  found  members  enough 
to  form  a  Unitarian  Society.  Their  place  of  holding  service  is 
Germania  Hall.     Pastor,  Rev.  John  Visher. 

Lutheran  Churc]i--T\\e  "Norwegian  Evangelical  Lutheran  Con- 
gregation of  Sioux  Falls"  was  organized  January  10th,  1877, 
with  the  Rev.  0.  0.  Sando,  of  the  Norwegian  Evangelical  Luther- 
an Synod  of  America,  as  pastor.  Mr.  Sando  remained  pastor  un- 
til August  7th,  1881,  when  the  Rev.  A.  J.  Lee  took  charge  of  the 
congregation  at  Sioux  Falls,  Split  Rock  and  Slidre.  The  Society 
was  incorporated  under  the  general  Territorial  laws  on  the  31st  of 
December,  1879,  under  the  title  of  "The  Norwegian  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Congregation  of  Sioux  Falls,"  with  K.  Thompson,  C.  E. 
Jousberg  and  J.  Hen  jam  as  Trustees.     The  Society  has  purchased 


70  HISTORY    OF   i^OUTlIEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

the  west  one-third  of  lots  1,  2  and  3  of  block  6,  Phillips'  Sioux 
Falls,  upon  which  they  intend  building  a  church  in  the  near  fu- 
ture; at  present  their  services  are  held  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.     Present  membership  of  the  Society,  about  fifty. 

Swedish  Luilieran  Cliurcli — The  Augustanus  Synod  of  the  Swed- 
ish Lutheran  Church  effected  an  organization  among  the  members 
of  that  denomination,  living  in  and  around  Sioux  Falls,  in  the 
year  1873.  They  now  have  on  their  circuit  over  one  hundred 
members,  and  are  building  a  church  in  township  101,  range  47, 
northwest  of  Sioux  Falls.     The  pastor  is  the  Rev  J.  H.  Randahl. 

Catholic  Church. — St.  Michael's  Society  was  organized  in  April, 
1879,  by  the  Rev.  Father  Knauf,  with  about  thirty  members.  A 
church  was  built  in  West  Sioux  Falls,  which,  together  with  its  con- 
tents, was  destroyed  by  fire  June  23, 1881;  loss,  about  ^2,000.  Since 
the  destruction  of  their  church,  the  society  has  held  its  services  in 
VanEps'  Hall.  The  society  is  not  as  yet  incorporated,  though 
steps  have  been  taken  to  that  end;  the  acting  Trustees  are:  M. 
Gerin,  P.  P.  Boylan  and  John  Norton.  The  plans  for  anew  church 
edifice  have  been  made  and  accepted;  the  new  structure  is  to  be  of 
brick,  40  by  75  feet,  side  walls  21  feet  above  basement,  with  sacristy 
49  by  20  feet,  two  towers,  one  20  feet,  the  other  50  feet  above  side 
walls.  Estimited  co?t  of  the  building,  when  complete,  $8,500. 
The  pastors  since  the  organization  of  the  society  have  been  the 
Rev.  Father  Knauf,  Rev.  Father  Brogan  and  Rev.  Father  Wm.  M. 
Maher.  the  present  pastor,  who  began  his  labors  here  last  August. 
The  present  membership  of  the  society  is  about  two  hundred. 

PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

The  first  official  action  having  for  its  object  the  establishment  of 
public  schools  in  Sioux  Falls,  was  in  1871,  when  the  County  Super- 
intendent, John  Bippus,  designated  the  boundaries  of  School  Dis- 
trict No.  1.  as  embracing  all  of  township  101,  of  r'ange  49.  This 
action  of  the  County  Superintendent  was  approved  by  the  County 
Commissioners  July  3d,  1871,  but  nothing  further  Avas  done  until 
April  lltli,  1873,  when  County  Superintendent  A.  Thorne  issued  a 
notice  for  the  first  school  meeting  in  the  District.  The  notice  was 
directed  to  Edwin  Sharpe,  and  appointed  the  meeting  at  the  bar- 
racks on  the  29th  of  April. 

At  the  meeting,  so  appointed,  Mr.  A.  Gale  was  elected  Director, 
R.  F.  Pettigrew,  Clerk;  and  D.  S.  Goodyear.  Treasurer.  Although 
Sioux  Falls  was  then  dignified  with  a  school  organization,  its  ofl^i- 


SIOUX   FALLS. 


cers  were  powerless  to  act,  as  the  district  had  neither  school  house 
apparatus  or  funds  wherewith  to  pay  taashers.     To  overcome  these 
difficulties,  a  special  meeting  of  the  voters  of  the  District  was  called 
for  the  12th  of  May,    at  which  time  a  tax  on  the  property   in  the 
District,  of  one  per  cent.,  Avas  voted  to  be  expended  in  building  a 
school  house,  and  a  further  tax  of  one-fourth  of  one  per  cent.,  was 
voted  to  be  used   in    the  purchase  of  school    furniture.     At   this 
meeting,  John  Bippus,  R.  H.  Booth,  H.  J.  Whipple  and  R.  F.  Pet- 
tigrew  were  appointed  a  committee  to  select  suitable  grounds  for  a 
school  house.     This  committee  reported,  June  2d,   the  selection  of 
six  lots  in  block  two  of  Gales'  addition  and  a  corresponding  num- 
ber in  block  7,  of  J.  L.  Phillips'  addition,    adjoining.     These   lots 
were  afterwards  purchased  by  the  District,  being  the  ones  now  oc- 
cupied by  the   High  School  building.     The   voters  present  at  the 
mseting  directei  theBjard  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  collection  of 
the  tax  voted,  and  to  take  such  other  steps  as  they  deemed   neces- 
sary in  order  that  the  school  might  b3    in  operation  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment.     The  most  sanguine  of  the  people  were  sure  that 
a  public  school  would  be  started  in  a  few  days,  or  weeks  at  farthest, 
but  thc'y  were  doomed    to    disappointment.     The    Treasurer  had 
doubts  in  regard  to  his  authority  to  collect  the  tax,  and  by  the  time 
he  had  satisfied  his   doubts,  and   got    fairly  to  work,  he  found  his 
Avarrant  was  of  no  use  to  him,  he  having  held  it  until    it    liad   ex- 
pired.    The  taxes  he  had  collected  were   returned,  and  the  project 
for  the  immediate  commencement  of  the  public  school  was  for  the 
time  abandoned.     At  the  annual  meetin  ;•  held  September  6th,  1873, 
Mr.  A.  Gale  was  elected.  Director,  H.  J.  '\Vhipple,  Treasurer,  and 
C.  W.  McDonald,  Clerk.     To  the  Board,  as  thus   constituted,  was 
committed  the  task  of  providing  niue  mouths  of   sclioolduriug  the 
ensuing  year,  the  collection  of  a  tax  of   three-fourths  of   oue    per 
cent,  on  all  the  taxable  property  in  the  District,  and  the  building 
of  a  school  house  to  cost   not   exceeding   $1,000.00.     In  order   to 
carry  out  their  instructions,  the  Board  engaged  the  most  available 
room  in  the  town,  and  on  Monday,  the  loth   day  of    September, 
1873,  the  first  public  school  of  Sioux  Falls  v/as  opened  in  the  Lib- 
bey  building  (now  a  part  of  the  Commercial  Hotel),  on  Main  street, 
with  Miss  Clara   Ledyard  as    teacher.     They  also  entered   into  a 
contract  with  Edwin    Sharpe   for  the    erection  of   a  building   for 
school  purposes,  22x40  feet,  with  twelve-foot  ceiling,  for  1985.00. 
The  collection  of  the  tax  voted,  was  resisted  by  some  of  the  tax 


HISTORY    (IF    SOl'THEASTEKN    DAKOTA. 


payers,  aud  a  petition  for  an  injunction  was  presented  to  Judge 
Shannon,  asking  the  Court  to  restrain  farther  proceedings  in  its 
collection.  The  prayer  of  the  petition  was  not  granted;  the  taxes 
were  collected,  and  on  the  5th  day  of  December,  1873,  the  school 
house  was  finished  and  turned  over  to  the  district  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all  parties  concerned.  The  second  terra  of  school,  in  the 
town  of  Sioux  Falls,  was  taught  by  H.  J.  Whipple,  beginning  Jan- 
uary 12,  1874.  The  next  term  of  the  public  scliool  was  taught  by 
Miss  Mary  H.  Cory,  beginning  April  27th,  1874. 

By  the  fall  of  1874,  the  number  of  children  in  the  district  enti- 
tled to  the  privileges  of  the  public  school  had  increased  to  such  an 
extent  that  an  additional  school  room,  aud  an  additional  teacher, 
were  found  necessary.  To  raaet  this  want,  the  building  used  by  the 
Methodist  Society  for  church  purposes  was  secured,  and  Misses  M. 
PI.  Cory  and  Clara  Ledyard  engaged  as  teachers;  the  officers  of  the 
district  being  the  same  as  during  the  year  1873. 

The  School  Board  elected  in  1875,  was:  A.  Gale,  Director;  C. 
Walts,  Treasurer,  and  C.  W.  McDonald,  Clerk.  The  teachers 
during  this  school  ye&r  were  Misses  M.  H.  Cory,  E.  F.  Cowdrey 
and  C.  Ledyard. 

At  the  annual  election,  in  1876,  T.  H.  Brown  was  elected  Direc- 
tor, the  other  othcers  holding  over.  The  teachers  selected  were: 
Hon.  Newton  ('lark  and  Miss  L.  C.  Bryan. 

During  the  session  of  the  Legislature,  in  1877,  the  school  law 
Avas  so  amended  as  to  make  the  election  of  officers  come  in  the 
spring  instead  of  the  fall  as  before.  In  accordance  with  this 
requirement,  an  annual  school  meeting  was  held  April  3d.  1877, 
at  Avhich  T.  H.  Brown  was  elected  Director  for  one  j'ear;  C.  W. 
McDonald,  Clerk  for  two  years,  and  C.  Walts,  Treasurer  for  the 
ensuing'three  years.  The  teachers,  during  this  school  ye;ir.  were 
L.  D.  Henry,  Principal;  Miss  L.  C.  Bryan,  teacher  of  the  Interme- 
diate Department,  and  Miss  S.  Wagner,  teacher  of  the  Primary 
Department. 

The  increasing  needs  of  the  district,  for  more  school  room,  were 
presented  to  the  district  at  the  annual  meeting,  in  1878,  at  which 
time  it  was  decided  to  build  another  school  house,  sufficiently  large, 
not  only  for  the  present,  but  also  for  the  near  future.  After  sev- 
eral meetings  had  been  held,  and  the  reports  of  several  committees 
had  been  heard,  a  Building  Committee,  consisting  of  T.  H.  I^rown, 
C.  W.  McDonald,  C.  Walts,  J.  B.  Young  and  N.  E.  Phillips,  was 


SIOUX    FALLS.  73 


selected,  and  instructed  to  proceed  with  the  erection  of  a  building 
substantially  as  siig^'ested  by  the  School  Boai-d.  After  consulta- 
tion Avith  the  Board,  the  plans  were  drawn  by  C.  A.  Wilbur,  of 
Dubuque,  for  a  frara^  building,  veneered  with  brick,  60  feet  square 
two  stories  and  basement  with  stairways  and  entrances  on  the  out- 
side; each  floor  to  be  divided  in  the  center,  both  ways,  making 
eight  school  rooms,  each  30  feet  square,  the  rooms  on  each  floor 
connecting  by  an  octagonal  room  in  the  center  of  the  building. 
The  Buihling  Committee  was  further  charged  with  the  furnishing 
of  the  building  with  seats,  heating  apparatus,  etc.  The  contract 
for  the  erection  of  the  building  was  let  to  John  D.  Cameron,  and 
the  work  was  done  in  the  fall  of  1878  and  spring  of  1879. 

The  feeling  engendered,  in  regard  to  the  collection  of  the  tax 
voted  in  1873,  took  a  practical  turn,  and  petitions  were  presented 
to  the  county  authorities  asking  for  the  formation  of  other  Dis- 
tricts. At  the  hearing  of  the  petitions,  January  9th,  1874-,  six  sec- 
tions in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  township  were  attached  to  Dis- 
trict No.  16,  At  the  same  time,  sections  10,  14,  15,  and  the  por- 
tions of  9  and  16  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Sioux  River,  were 
designated  as  School  District  No.  25. 

The  first  meeting  in  District  No.  25  was  held  November  2Sth, 
1874,  at  which  time  J.  F.  Webber  was  elected  Director,  0.  P.  Wes- 
ton, Clerk,  and  A.  F.  Shaw,  Treasurer.  The  first  terra  of  public 
school  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  was  taught  by  Miss  AUie  F. 
Storey,  beginning  May  31st,  1875. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  1875,  H.  W.  Lewis  was  elected  Direc- 
tor, (3.  P.  Weston,  Clerk,  and  A.  F.  Shaw,  treasurer.  There  was  no 
school  taught  in  the  district  during  this  school  year,  the  district 
electing  to  pay  tuition  of  the  scholars  attending  school  in  District 
No.  1,  and  expending  the  moneys  raised  in  the  erection  of  a  school 
house.  At  the  meeting  held  in  May,  1877,  the  same  officers  were 
re-elected,  and  three  lots  purchased  from  A.  F.  Shaw  for  a  school 
house  site.  The  school  during  the  summer  was  taught  by  Miss 
Alice  Morrison. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  July  28th,  1877,  F.  M.  Harthorn  was 
elected  Director  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  I"Ir. 
Lewis.  At  the  annual  meeting  held  April  2nd,  1878,  M.  A.  Stick- 
ney  was  chosen  Director  for  three  years.  The  teacher,  during  the 
summer,  was  Miss  Inda  Bryan,  the  fall  term  of  school  being  taught 
by  Miss  Cora  Chamberlin.     The  last  meeting  of  the  district,  as  a 


HISrORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN^   DAKOTA. 


separate  organization,  of  which  there  is  any  record,  was  on  Janu- 
ary 16th,  1870,  at  which  iresolutions  were  passed  in  opposition  to  the 
bill  then  before  the  Legishiture  for  the  consolidation  of  Districts  1 
and  25,  and  the  organization  of  an  Independent  School  District,  to 
cor.iprise  all  the  territory  embraced  in  the  corporate  limits  of  the 
village  of  Sioux  Falls. 

The  number  of  children  in  the  twodistricts,  entitled  to  the  bene- 
fits of  the  public  schools,  as  shown  by  the  Clerk's  reports,  for  the 
several  years  that  they  were  separate  organizations,  was  as  follows: 
1873,  136;  1875,  130;  1877,  170;  1874, 140;  1876,  170;  1878,  289. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislature,  in  1879,  the  Independent  School 
District  of  Sioux  Falls  was  incorporated,  its  limits  to  be  indentical 
with  the  corporate  limits  of  the  village  of  Sioux  Falls.  T.  H. 
Brown.  C.  W.  McDonald,  C.  Walts,  A.  F.  Shaw,  0.  P.  Weston,  E. 
A.  Sherman,  E.  Sharpe  andB.  F.  Campbell  were  made  a  Board  of 
Education  for  the  village  of  Sioux  Falls;  by  the  terms  of  this  bill, 
the  said  persons  were  to  qualify  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  in 
March,  1879,  and  enter  upon  their  duties  on  the  first  Tuesday  of 
March,  1879.  From  the  time  the  Board  of  Education  assumed  the 
duties  assigned  them  by  this  act  of  the  Legislature,  School  Districts 
Numbers  1  and  25,  in  Minnehaha  County  ceased  to  exist. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education  for  the  village  of 
Sioux  Falls  was  held  March  11,  1879.  C.  W.  McDonald  failing  to 
qualify,  N.  E.  Phillips  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  At  this 
meeting  T.  H.  Brown  was  elected  President  of  the  Board,  and  N. 
E.  riiJilips,  Secretar\^ 

Tiio  teachers  selected  for  the  balance  of  the  year,  were:  L.  D. 
Henry,  Principal;  Misses  L.  C.  Bryan,  C.  E.  Chamberlin,  Sarah 
Wagner,  for  the  Main  Street  school,  and  Mrs.  Annie  Roberts,  for 
the  East  Side  school. 

April  1st,  1870,  E.  0.  Kimberly  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
Board.  May  14th,  1879,  Mr.  Kimberly  having  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  Secretary,  C.  M.  Morse  was  elected  to  fill  vacancy.  Sep- 
tember 13th,  1879,  Mr.  Morse  resigned  his  office,  and  F.  L.  Bayce 
was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Board,  which  position  he  has  since 
filled.  T.  H  Brown  resigned  his  position  as  a  member  of  the  Board 
August  5th,  1879,  and  John  ]3ippus  Avas  appointed  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy. On  the  13th  of  September,  1879,  E.  A.  Sherman  was  elec- 
ted President  of  the  Board,  which  position  he  held  until  the  selec- 
tion of  a  new  Board  in  March,  1880. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  10 


The  teachers  of  the  winter  term  of  1879-80  were:  L.  D.  Henry, 
Pi-incipal;  Misses  Mina  L.  Fletcher,  Louisa  C.  Bryan,  Maud  W. 
Rouse,  Cora  E.  Chamberlin,  Sadie  Wagner  and  Nellie  Blanc  hard. 

At  the  election  in  March.  1880,  W.  R.  Bourne  and  E.  0.  Kim- 
berly  were  added  to  the  Board,  in  place  of  E.  A.  Sherman  and  0.  P. 
Weston,  whose  terms  of  office  had  expired.  At  the  organization 
of  the  new  Board,  John  Bippus  was  elected  President.  At  a  meet- 
ing held  Jaly  20th,  1880,  T.  H.  Brown  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board,  in  place  of  N.  E.  Phillips,  who  had  resigned. 

The  teachers  elected  for  the  ensuing  school  year,  were:  J.  B. 
Hawley,  Principal;  Mrs.  C.  Everett,  Assistant: Misses L.  C.  Bryan, 
C.  E.  Chamberlin,  N.  Blanchard,  A.  Allison,  and  M.  E.  Bissett. 
Miss  Bissett  failing  to  accept  the  position  tendered  her.  Miss  H.J. 
MacPherson  was  selected  in  her  stead,  aud  assigned  to  the  east  side 
school. 

August  17th,  1880,  E.  A.  Sherman  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  T.  H. 
Brown.  At  the  organization  of  the  Board  in  March,  1881,  Mr. 
Sherman  was  elected  President,  which  position  he  now  holds.  The 
Board  of  Education  at  present  consists  of  the  following-named 
gentlemen:  E.  A.  Sherman,  T.  H.  Brown,  E.  0.  Ivimberly,  C. 
Walts,  E.  Sharpe,  0.  P.  Weston,  C.  L.  Norton  and  W.  H.' Nel- 
son. 

The  teachers  selected  b\-  this  Board  for  the  year  1881-82,  are,  S. 

E.  Young,  Principal;  Miss  Mary  Bissett.  Assistant;  Misses  C.  A. 
Parker,  Carrie  Thompson,  Nellie  Blanchard,  T.  M.  Rice  and  Mrs. 
C.  Everett,  for  the  High  School  building,  and  Miss  L.  C.  Kinney, 
teacher  in  the  east  side  school. 

Deaf  Mute  5'c/^oo/— Through  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  T.  B.  Berry, 
of  Sioux  Falls,  and  Miss  Jennie  Wright,  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  the 
"Dakota  School  for  Deaf  Mutes"  was  opened  in  Sioux  Falls  on  the 
first  Monday  in  November,  1880.  The  school  was  duly  incorpor- 
ated with  the  following  Board  of  Trustees:  C.  A.  Lounsberry,  of 
Bismarck;  0.  S.  GrifFord,  of  Canton;  Rev.  J.  C.  Pennell,  J.  S.  Scobey, 
of  Brookings:  Vale  P.  Thielman,  of  Swan  Lake;  Newton  Edmunds, 
of  Yankton;  C.  K.  Howard,  E.  A.   Sherman,  E.  Gr.  Wright  and  A. 

F.  Shaw,  of  Sioux  Falls.  At  the  meeting  held  for  adopting  articles 
of  incorporation,  Messrs.  Sherman,Wi'ight  and  Shaw  were  appointed 
a  committee  for  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  to  keep  the  school  in 
operation  until  the  convening  of  the   Legislature  in  1881.     At  the 


76  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

fourteenth  session  of  the  Le<i^ishitive  Assembly  of  Dakota,  held. 
at  Yankton  in  January,  1881.  this  school  was  declared  to  be  the 
'•Territorial  School  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  Mutes  of  this 
Territor}^''  and  a])pro})riations  were  made  for  its  support  and  en- 
largement. By  the  terms  of  the  law  enacted,  every  deaf  and  dumb 
person  resident  of  the  Territory,  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
twenty-one  years,  is  entitled  to  receive  an  education  of  at  least  five 
years  (including  what  has  already  been  had),  at  this  institution,  at 
the  expense  of  the  Territovy ;  jjrorided,  the  County  Commissioners 
decide  the  persons  responsible  for  the  care  and  education  of  such 
person  are  unable  to  pay  such  expense.  The  amount  approjiriatcd 
by  the  Territory  for  expenses  for  such  pupil  is  five  dollars  per  week 
for  each  and  every  pupil.  At  the  same  session  of  the  Legislature 
a  conditional  appropriation  was  made,  of  $2,000,  for  the  erection  of 
suitable  buildings  for  the  school.  Ten  acres  of  land  and  $1,000 
have  been  donated  by  the  city  for  the  school,  the  site  selected  be- 
ing on  the  bluffs  just  east  of  the  city,  where  a  building  36  by  40 
feet,  two  stories  high,  with  an  ell  16  by  24:  feet,  has  been  erected, 
capable  of  accommodating  twenty-five  pupils.  The  teachers  of  the 
school  are:  Miss  Jennie  Wright,  Superintendent,  and  Prof.  James 
Simpson.  The  course  of  study  comprises:  language,  reading,  spell- 
ing, writing,  arithmetic,  geography,  history  and  bible  lessons. 
The  advancement  made  by  the  pupils,  during  the  past  year,  gives 
ample  evidence  that  the  school  is  in  proper  hands,  and  that  the 
reputation  of  the  Territory  will  be  zealously  guarded. 

Dakota  Collegiate  Institute. — The  Southern  Dakota  Jiaptist  As- 
sociation, at  its  session  July  2d,  1881,  decided  that  the  denomina- 
tion would  build  a  first-class  Christian  Academy  in  Dakota,  and 
referred  the  matter  to  its  Committee  on  Education.  This  com- 
mittee invited  proposals  from  the  towns  in  the  southern  part  of 
Dakota  for  the  location  of  the  Academy,  which  were  opened  by 
the  committee  at  its  meeting  in  this  city  September  26th,  1881. 
Dell  Rapids  offered  $5,500  cash,  and  Sioux  Falls  |6,000  cash.  On 
motion,  Sioux  Falls  was  unanimously  selected  as  the  location. 
Articles  of  incorporation  of  the  '"Dakota  Collegiate  fnstitute" 
were  adopted,  and  the  following  l^oard  of  Trustees  elected:  For 
one  year-  Rev.  E.  Ellis  and  J.  B.  Young,  of  Sioux  Falls,  and  P. 
Morse,  of  Dell  Rapids.  For  two  years — Rev.  W.  Ross,  of  Oak- 
wood;  J.  H.  Drake,  of  St.  Paul;  Geo.  Morehouse,  of  Brookings, 
and  B.  F.  Roderick,  of  Sioux  Falls.     For  three  years— Rev.  J.  W. 


SIOUX   FALLS.  77 


Reese,  of  Lu Verne;  Rev.  A.  W.  Hilton,  of  Parker,  W.  W. 
Brookings,  of  Sioux  Falls,  and  M.  J.  Lewis,  of  Yermillion.  The 
Board  of  Trustees  was  organized  by  the  election  of  E.  Ellis, 
President;  Geo.  Morehouse,  Vice-President;  B.  F.  Roderick,  Sec- 
retary; J.  B.  Young,  Treasurer.  A  committee  to  arrange  for  the 
opening  of  the  Institute  this  fall,  if  deemed  advisable,  was  ap- 
pointed, who  have  secured  the  services  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ure, 
formerly  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Cedar  Valley  Semi- 
nary, Iowa,  as  Principal,  and  will  open  the  first  term  of  the  Insti- 
tute in  Sherman's  Hall  November  Tth,  1881. 

CEMETERY  ASSOCIATIOiSr. 

In  November,  1873,  tAventy-two  of  the  residents  of  Sioux  Falls 
organized  a  Cemetery  association,  with  Dr.  Joseph  Roberts,  Presi- 
dent; F.  D.  Cowles,  Clerk:  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips,  William  Van  Eps, 
W.  H.  Corson  and  Edwin  Sharpe  as  Trustees.  The  organization 
was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Mount  Pleasant  Cemetery 
Association,  January  12,  1874.  The  Association  purchased  twenty 
acres  of  land  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  northeast  quarter  of 
section  22,  town  101,  range  49,  just  a  mile  from  town  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river.  The  site  is  a  beautiful  one,  overlooking  the 
valley  of  the  Sioux  and  the  village.  The  officers  elected  in  1875, 
Avere  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips,  B.  F.  Roderick,  N.  E.  Phillips,  Edwin 
Sharpe  and  Joseph  Roberts,  Trustees;  N.  E.  Phillips,  Treasurer, 
and  H.  W.  Lewis,  Clerk.  At  this  meeting  it  was  voted  to  lay  out 
a  portion  of  the  grounds,  Avhich  Avas  accordingly  done.  At  the 
annual  meeting  in  July,  1877,  E.  A.  Sherman  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Association;  C.  W.  McDonald,  Clerk:  N.  E.  Phillips, 
Treasurer;  J.  L.  Phillips,  \V.  H.  Corson,  T.  H.  Brown  and  E. 
Sharpe,  Trustees.  The  platting  of  the  grounds,  ordered  two  years 
before.  Avas  reconsidered,  and  another  plan  substituted.  By  this 
last  plan  the  entire  grounds  OAvned  by  the  Association  are  divided 
into  forty-eight  blocks,  of  fourteen  lots  in  each  block,  each  lot 
being  21  by  21|  feet.  There  are  two  principal  streets,  40  feet 
Avide,  one  running  north  and  south,  the  other  east  and  west^ 
through  the  center  of  the  plat.  A  twenty-foot  street  separates 
the  blocks  each  way,  and  an  eight-foot  alley  runs  between  the  lots 
each  way.  The  next  meeting  of  the  Association  was  held  July  7, 
1879.  at  Avhich  E.  A.  Sherman  Avas  elected  President;  C.  W.  Mc- 
Donald, Clerk;  N.  E.  Phillips,  Treasurer;  E.  A.  Sherman,  J.  L. 
Phillips,  W.  H.  Corson,  John  McKee  and  EdAvin  Sharpe,  Trustees. 


78  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

These  persons  are  still  the  officers  of  the  Association.  The 
f^^ronnds  have  been  fenced  and  the  corners  of  the  lots  adjacent  to 
the  streets  marked  Avith  stone  monnments.  The  Association  is 
not  able,  iinanciall}',  to  do  anything  towards  beautifying  the 
grounds,  as  its  only  source  of  revenue  is  from  the  sale  of  lots,  and 
the  price  of  the  grounds  and  improvements  already  made  have  ex- 
hausted all  that  has  thus  far  been  received.  By  the  provisions  of 
the  Articles  of  Incorporation,  the  Association  must  expend  all 
moneys  received,  after  paying  the  necessary  items  above  set  forth, 
in  beautifying  the  grounds;  so  that  the  greater  the  number  of 
lots  sold,  the  sooner  Avill  the  Association  be  able  to  adorn  the 
resting  place  of  the  mortal  remains  of  those  of  our  numl)er  who 
have  gone  to  the  Great  Beyond. 

THE  MASONIC  ORDERS. 

Minnehaha  Lodge. — Early  in  the  year  1873,  T.  H.  Brown  and 
R.  C.  Hawkins  began  canvassing  the  town  to  ascertain  if  there 
were  not  enough  Blue  Lodge  Masons  in  Sioux  Falls  to  form  a 
lodge,  and  a  meeting  was  held  in  Howard's  granary,  at  which  it 
was  decided  to  organize  a  Blue  Lodge.  Lipon  application,  a  dis- 
pensation was  granted  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Iowa,  at  its  annual 
communication  in  1873,  to  Minnehaha  Lodge  No.  328,  T.  H. 
Brown,  \i.  C.  HaAvkins,  E.  Sharpe,  T.  Pomeroy,  G.  B.  Sammons, 
W.  H.  Holt,  J.  H.  Moulton  and  George  Hill  being  the  charter 
members;  T.  H.  Brown,  W.  M.;  R.  C.  Hawkins,  S.  W.;  E.  Sharpe, 
J.  W.  Li  1871,  a  charter  was  granted  the  Lodge,  and  the  follow- 
ing persons  elected  under  the  charter:  T.  H.  Brown,  W.  M.;  R. 
C.  Hawkins,  S.  W.;  R.  L.  Austin,  J.  W.  The  first  meeting  under 
the  charter  was  held  June  10, 1871.  The  order  occupied  the  ujjper 
room  of  the  old  Libbey  l)uilding,  onMain  street,  until  the  comple- 
tion of  the  Land  Office  building,  when  they  moved  their  furni- 
ture and  paraphernalia  to  that  building,  and  made  it  their  Masonic 
home,  until  June,  1881,  when  they  leased  the  third  floor  of  the 
Emerson  block,  which  has  been  fitted  up  for  the  convenience  of 
the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter  and  Commandery,  and  where  the  several 
orders  hold  their  meetings.  The  officers  for  1875,  were:  T.  H. 
Brown,  W.  M.;  G.  B.  Sammons,  S.  W.;  J.  Callender,  J.  W.  At 
the  formation  of  the  Dakota  Grand  Lodge,  in  this  year,  they  trans- 
ferred their  Masonic  allegiance  to  that  body  under  the  name  of 
Minnehaha  Lodge  No.  5.  The  officers  since  that  time  have  been 
as  follows: 


SIOUX   FALLS.  79 


1876— G.  B.  Sammoiis,  W.  M.;  R.  C.  Hawkins.  S.  W.;  E. 
Sharpe,  J.  W. 

1S77— T.  H.  Brown,  W.  M.;  John  Bippus,  S.  W.;  J.  L. 
Phillips,  J.  W. 

1878— R.  C.  Hawkins,  W.  M.:  John  Bippus.  S.  W.:  W.  H. 
Kelson,  J.  W. 

1879— John  Bippus,  W.  M.;  W.  H.  Nelson.  S.  W.;  0.  P. 
Weston,  J.  W. 

1880 — Owing  to  a  change  in  the  Grand  Lodge  By  Laws,  there 
were  tAvo  elections.  The  first  resulted  ia  the  election  of  W.  H. 
Nelson.  W.  M.:  K.  Maxfield,  S.  W.;  D.  S.  Glidden.  J.  W.  The 
second:  T.  H.  Brown.  W.  M.;  R.  C.  Hawkins,  S.  W.;  George 
B.  Samraons,  J.  Vi . 

Twice  has  the  Master  of  this  Lodge  been  called  upon  to  take  the 
Grand  East  in  the  M.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of  Dakota. 

There  have  been  four  Secretaries  of  the  Lodge  since  its  organiz- 
ation. T.  Pomeroy  holding  the  office  continuously  from  1873  to 
1876,  and  again  from  1880  to  1881.  W.  S.  Reynolds  held  the 
office  in  1876-7:  W.  R.  Williams.  1877-9;  and  P.  P.  Peck, 
1879-80. 

The  present  membership  of  the  Lodge  is  sixty-eight. 

Sioux  Falls  Chapter  ^'o.  2. — Early  in  the  year,  1879,  a  meeting 
of  Royal  Arch  Masons  was  held,  at  which  it  was  determiiied  to 
form  a  Chapter  in  Sioux  Falls.  A  dispensation  was  obtained  and 
the  organization  of  Sioux  Falls  Chapter  No.  2,  effected,  April  8tli, 
1879,  with  the  following  charter  members:  I.  K.  Buck,  D.  W. 
Stites,  E.  P.  Allen.  C.  L.  Norton.  D.  S.  Glidden.  John  Richter, 
E.  E.  Sage,  Frank  Caldwell,  E.  0.  Kiniberly,  J.  W.  Callender.  D. 
Stewart,  K.  Maxfield.  C.  T.  Barrett  and  W.  H.  Davenport.  The 
first  officers  were:  L  K.  Buck,  H.  P.;  D.  W.  Stites,  K.;E.  P. 
Allen,  S.;  C.  L.  Norton,  Secretary.  The  Chapter  now  numbers 
thirty-one  members,  and  holds  its  meetings  at  Masonic  Hall.  The 
present  officers  are:  D.  W.  Stites,  H.  P.;  I.  K.  Buck.'  K.:  E.  E. 
Sage,  S.;  W.  H.  Nelson,  Secretary. 

Commandenj. — There  are  a  sufficient  number  of  Sir  Knights  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  city  for  the  formation  of  a  Com- 
mandery.  The}^  have  received  their  recommendation  and  applied 
to  the  proper  parties  for  a  dispensation. 

L  0.  0.  F. 

The  Odd  Fellows  resident  in  Sioux  Falls,  in  1875,  decided  that 
the  town  should  have  a  Lodge  of  this  ancient  and  honorable  order. 


80  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 


[ii  pursuance  of  this  decision,  "Sioux  Falls  Lodge  No.  0"  was  in- 
stituted May  2-J:t]i,  1870,  with  fourteen  charter  members,  the 
officers  being:  A.  Louoous,  N.  Gr.;  A.  Ladewig,  V.  G.;  W.  B. 
Dick,  Secretary;  H.  Gilbert,  Treasurer.  Since  the  organization  of 
the  Lodge,  the  following  named  persons  have  held  the  office  of 
N.  G.:  A.  Loneous,  A.  Ladewig.  E.  Sharpe,  Jr.,  Z.  P.  Herrick,  J.  G. 
Botsfurd,  W.  B.  Dick,  J. W.  Odell,  N.  S.  Johnson.  P.  W.Wildt,  F.  S. 
Emerson  and  C.  H.  Vincent.  The  membership  is  now  thirt3--eight, 
with  the  following  named  officers:  C.  H.Vincent,  N.  G.;  T.  C.  Angel. 
V.  G.;  A.  R.  Howard,  Secretary;  H.  Gilbert,  Treasurer. 

The  Lodge  meets  every  Thursday  evening  at  its  rooms  in 
Gilbert's  block. 

Encampment. — '"Royal  Purple  Encampment"'  was  instituted  at 
Vermillion,  D.  T.,  May  22d,  187-i,  and  removed  and  organized  at 
Sioux  Falls  May  13th,  1S79,  by  order  of  John  B.  Harmon,  M.  W. 
Grand  Sire,  officiating;  R.  R.  Briggs,  D.  D.  Grand  Sire  for  Da- 
kota. The  first  officers  after  its  removal  were:  E.  Sharpe,  Jr.,  C. 
P.;  J.  W.  Odell,  H.  P.:  P.  W.  Wildt,  Senior  Warden;  F.  S. 
Emerson,  Scribe;  R.  R.  Briggs,  Treasurer;  T.  F.  Deifendorf, 
Junior  Warden.  The  present  officers  are:  J.  W.  Odell,  C.  P.;  T. 
S.  Emerson,  H.  P.;  S.  E.  Blaisvelt,  Senior  Warden;  A.  R. 
Howard,  Scribe;  R.  R.  Briggs,  Treasurer;  Z.  P.  Herrick,  Junior 
Warden.  The  membership  numbers  thirty-eight;  regular  meet- 
ings on  the  first  and  third  Tuesdays  of  each  month,  at  Odd  Fel- 
lows Hall,  in  the  Gilbert  block. 

TEMPERANCE    ORGANIZATIONS. 

Although  Sioux  Falls  has  been  heretofore  considered  on  the  ex- 
treme frontier,  almost  from  its  first  settlement  there  have  been 
organizations  in  active  operation  for  the  suppression  of  intemper- 
ance. A  Division  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance  was  established  in 
the  Avinter  of  1874-5,  and  flourished  for  a  year  or  more.  The  Tem- 
perance Army  did  effective  work  among  the  children  and  young 
people  in  the  years  1877  and  1878.  The  Christian  Temperance 
Union  was  organized  in  February,  1880,  with  H.  E.  Horton,  Presi- 
dent; Miss  L.  C.  Van  De  Mark,  Secretary,  and  E.  Currey,  Treas- 
urer. The  first  meeting  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  was  held  December  12,  1880,  and  effi'cted  a  permanent 
organization  by  the  subsequent  election  of  Mrs.  E.  T.  Wilkes, 
President;  Mrs.  L.  Hartsough,  Mrs.  J.  F.  Redfield,  Mrs.  M.  W. 
Boulet,  Mrs.  Ulrich,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Young  and  Miss  Ann  Gerin,  Vice- 


SIOUX    FAILS.  81 

Presidents;  Mrs.  D.  Brown,  Secretary,  and  Mrs.  R.  Nation, 
Treasurer.  Executive  committee:  Mrs.  E.  Allen,  Mrs.  Goddard 
and  Mrs.  Wright.  A  committee  of  one  from  each  of  the  churches 
■was  appointed  to  see  that  the  subject  of  Temperance  had  the 
attention  its  importance  demands  in  the  Sunday  Schools  connected 
with  the  churches.  The  committee  so  appointed  was:  Miss  Rice, 
for  the  Congregational  Church;  Mrs.  JMort-on,  for  the  Baptist 
Church;  Mrs.  Redfield  for  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  Mrs.  Brown 
for  the  Methodist  Church.  At  almost  the  first  meeting  of  the 
Union  it  was  decided  to  establish  a  Free  Reading  Room  in  Sioux 
Falls.  Public  meetings  were  held,  the  matter  discussed,  a  sub- 
scription started,  and  over  four  hundred  dollars  was  raised  for  this 
purpose.  A  room  on  the  ground  floor  of  Sherman's  building, 
corner  of  Main  and  Ninth  streets,  was  rented,  appropriately  fitted 
up  and  opened  to  the  public  on  the  7th  of  May,  1881.  Since  this 
date  the  room  has  been  open  regularly,  every  week-day  evening, 
from  7  till  10,  and  Sunday  from  3  to  6  p.  m.  On  the  tables  are 
to  be  found  the  best  current  literature,  to  which  the  ladies  invite 
the  attention  of  all  persons  in  the  city,  whether  citizens  or 
strangers. 

Good  Templars. — There  have  been  two  or  three  different  Lodges 
of  Good  Templars  since  the  town  was  started.  The  present  Lodge 
was  organized  in  March,  1881,  with  about  fift}'  charter  members. 
The  meetings  are  well  attended,  and  a  good  degree  of  interest  in 
the  work  is  manifested.  Notwithstanding  many  of  those,  who 
first  united  with  the  Lodge,  have  removed  from  the  place,  and 
others  have  let  their  dues  remain  unpaid,  there  are  now  upwards 
of  forty  working  members.  Their  place  of  meeting  is  Sherman's 
Hall.  The  present  officers  are:  J.  Winslow,  W.  C.  T.:  Julia  A. 
Brown,  W.  V.  T.;  R.  D.  Thomas,  W.  C;  Jonas  Jones,  W.  Sec; 
Lena  Kennedy,  W.  Asst.  Sec;  S.  M.  Edgington,  W.  F.  S.;  Mrs. 
C.  Kingsbury,  W.  T.;  Charles  Butler,  W.  M.;  Fannie  Wmslow, 
W.  Asst.  M.;  Jemina  Jones,  W.  I.  G.;  S.  Lawrence,  W.  0.  G.; 
Lizzie  Thomas,  W.  R.  H.  S.;  Florence  Sherman,  W.  L.  H.  S.:  R. 
J.  Wells.  P.  W.  C.  T. 

THE    PCSTOFFICE. 

From  the  first  settlement  of  the  place,  the  General  Government  has 
made  the  Sioux  Falls  postoffice  one  of  the  most  important  ones  of 
the  Department  in  all  the  great  Northwest.  Before  the  advent  of 
the  railroad  it  was  the  terminus  of  eight  or  nine  difterent  routes; 


82  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

SO  that  our  people  have  been  liberally  supplied  with  mail  facilities. 
C.  K.  Howard  was  the  first  Postmaster,  receiving  his  appointment 
in  1868,  and  keeping  the  olhce  in  his  store.  In  1870,  Col.  Allen 
was  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  HoAvard,  and  removed  the  office  north 
of  Eighth  Street  to  his  store.  In  1872,  W.  F.  Kitor  was  appointed 
Postma>:ter,  who  removed  the  office  still  nearer  the  Falls,  into  the 
old  ranicKjrdph  hniUliug.  Li  the  Spring  of  1873,  John  Bippus 
received  his  appointment  as  Postmaster,  and  the  postoffice  was 
again  removed,  to  the  bulding  now  opposite  Willey's  livery  stable. 
and  near  Cameron's  old  store  building,  where  it  remained  until 
the  completion  of  Sherman's  brick  building  (now  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  Iniilding)  in  September^  1875,  when  the  office  was 
located  in  that  building  until  January,  1877.  Daring  Mr.  Bip- 
pus' term  of  office  (July  1st,  1875)  the  office  was  made  a  Money 
Order  Office.  A.  T.  Fleetwood,  the  present  Postmaster,  succeeded 
Mr.  Bippus  January  2d,  1877,  and  removed  the  office  to  the  east 
side  of  Phillips  Avenue,  north  of  Ninth  Street,  to  his  building  on 
the  lot  now  occupied  by  Angel's  cigar  factory,  Avhere  it  remained 
until  the  completion  of  the  south  half  of  the  Edmison  block,  cor- 
ner Ninth  Street  and  Phillips  Avenue,  in  January,  1879.  Upon 
the  completion  of  Peck's  and  Grigsby's  block,  in  the  fall  of  1879, 
the  office  was  moved  to  its  present  location. 

When  Mr.  Fleetwood  took  charge  of  the  office,  in  January, 
1877,  it  was  rated  by  the  Department  as  an  office  of  the  fourth 
class.  January  23d,  1879,  it  was  made  an  office  of  the  third  class, 
and  July  1st,  1881,  it  was  ranked  as  an  office  of  the  second  class. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Sioux  Falls  enjoyed  for  years  the 
distinction  of  being  upon  the  western  verge  of  civilization,  it  has 
not  been  devoid  of  the  means  of  making  its  wants  and  attractions 
known  to  the  world  by  means  of    "the  lever  that  moves  the  world." 

Dakota  Democrat. — The  first  ncAvspaper  ])ublished  in  the  Terri- 
tory was  issued  at  Sioux  Falls.  This  was  the  Dakota  Democrat, 
established  in  1857  by  S.  J.  Albright.  It  was  the  "official  organ" 
of  the  Legislature,  which  convened  in  Sioux  Falls  in  1858-9.  In 
1860,  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Northwestern  Imlependent. 
The  Independent  was  published  about  a  year,  and  then  indefinitely 
suspended.  A  portion  of  the  material  was  left  here  when  the  town 
was  raided  by  the  Indians,  who  destroyed  such  portions  of  it  ai 
they  concluded  would  be  of  no  use  to  them.      After  peace  was  de- 


SIOUX    FALLS.  83 


clared,  a  portion  of  the  type  found  its  way  back  to  the  Avhites,  in 
the  shape  of  ornaments  to  the  pipes  which  the  Indians  fashion  out 
of  the  red  pipestone. 

Sioux  Falls  Pantarp-aph. — The  next  newspaper  venture  was 
that  of  W.  F.  Kiter,  who  established  the  Sioux  Falls  Pantagraph 
in  February,  1872.  The  Pantagraph  was  an  eight-column  folio, 
weekly,  printed  on  the  co-operative  plan,  and  was  Republican  in 
its  political  tendencies.  It  was  published  irregularly  until  October, 
when  it  went  into  winter  quarters,  where  it  remained  until  April, 
1873.  It  was  then  again  revived,  and  published,  with  occasional 
interruptions,  until  the  spring  of  1877,  when  the  material  was 
locked  up  by  order  of  the  Court  and  finally  used  in  starting  the 
Roscoe  Express.  During  this  time  W.  F.  Kiter,  F.  D.  Cowles,  F. 
E.  Everett,  R.  Buchanan  and  W.  S.  Guild  presided  at  the  editorial 
table. 

The  Sioux  Falls  Independent, — A  weekly  eight-column  folio, 
Republican  in  politics,  was  established  by  Chas.  W.  McDonald, 
May  15th,  1873.  From  that  date,  until  the  6th  of  January,  1881, 
the  Independent  was  published  without  missing  an  issue.  At  the 
last  mentioned  date  the  paper  was  merged  into  the  Dakota  Panta- 
graph. The  editors  of  the  Independent  were  C.  W.  McDonald,  E, 
A.  Sherman,  F.  E.  Everett  and  W.  A.  Williams;  L.  C.  Hitchcock 
had  editorial  charge  of  its  columns  for  about  six  weeks  during  the 
campaign  of  the  fall  of  1878. 

The  Dakota  Pantagraph, — An  eight-column  Republican  paper, 
(weekly)  was  started  by  M.  Grigsby  and  G.  M.  Smith,  with  the 
material  formerly  used  by  the  Swan  Lake  Era,  in  the  spring  of 

1877.  Mr.  Grigsby  continued  as  editor  of  the  paper  until  April, 

1878,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  present  proprietors,  Messrs.  Caldwell 
&  Stahl,  who  have  published  the  paper  with  commendable  regu- 
larity, despite  the  opposition  of  blizzards,  blockades  and  floods. 
They  have  made  many  additions  to  their  facilities  since  taking 
charge  of  the  office,  until  at  present  the  Pantagraph  takes  rank  as 
one  of  the  foremost  papers  of  the  Territory. 

Tiie  Sioux  Falls  Times. — A  handsome  nine-column  folio,  Re- 
publican, (weekly)  was  established  November  loth,  1878,  by  Messrs. 
E.  0.  Kimberly  and  C.  M.  Morse.  At  the  expiration  of  the  first 
quarter,  February,  1879,  Mr.  Morse  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Kim- 
b.n'ly,  who  has  remained  as  the  sole  proprietor,  until  quite  recently, 
when  T.  H.  Brown  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  office.     To  the 


8 J:  HISTORY    OF   SorXHEASTERN    DAKOTA 

Times  belongs  the  honor  of  introducing  the  first  power  press  hirge 
enough  for  printing  an  oi'dinary  sized  newspaper.  In  connection 
with  the  Times  is  one  of  the  best  equipped  job  offices  in  the  North- 
west, and  its  proprietors  take  especial  pride  in  the  quality  of  the 
job  work,  as  well  as  the  quantity,  that  leaves  the  office. 

The  Dakota — A  Scandinavian  weekly,  was  established  early  in 
the  year  1880,  by  N.  C.  Frederickson.  The  paper  was  a  six-col- 
umn folio.  Republican  in  Politics;  so  far  as  it  had  any  particular 
bias;  but,  owing  to  the  pecuniary  embarrassments  of  the  proprietor, 
it  was  published  but  a  few  months,  when  tlie  most  of  the  material 
was  taken  to  Iowa,  and  the  paper  discontinued. 

The  SioKX  Falls  Argus. — The  only  Democratic  paper  in  the 
county;  was  established  as  a  weekly, August  2d,  1881,  by  the  Argus 
Publishing  Company  with  W.  A.  Fulmer  and  C.A.  Patterson  as  ed- 
itors. The  ArfjKS^  though  young,  gives  promise  of  a  long  andbusv 
life. 

RAILROADS. 

From  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  of  Sioux  Falls,  each  and 
all  of  its  inhiibitants  were  of  the  opinion  that  at  some  time  in  the 
future  the  town  would  have  several  railroads.  They  not  only  be- 
lieved this,  but  were  ready  to  give  a  reason  for  their  belief:  That 
the  county  was  one  of  the  best  (if  not  the  best  county)  in  the  Ter 
ritory;  that  the  town  of  Sioux  Falls,  with  its  many  natural  advan- 
tages, and  from  its  location,  was  the  natural  trading  point  for  all 
ihe  settlements  in  the  Sioux,  Skunk  and  Upper  Vermillion  Val- 
leys; and  that,  as  these  localities  became  settled  and  improved,  their 
incalculable  wealth  would  pour  into  the  streets  of  Sioux  Falls- 
seeking  here  to  have  the  products  converted  into  shape  for  eco- 
nomical shipment  -and  that  in  pursuance  of  the  general  law  of 
supply  and  demand,  the  town  must  become  an  important  railway 
point. 

In  order  to  keep  up  the  interest  of  people  not  residing  here, 
railrotid  meetings  wtre  held  at  judicious  intervals,  and  a  great  deal 
of  enthusiasm  was  worked  up,  which  was  duly  reported  to  peoj)le 
at  the  East.  But  no  one  seemed  inclined  to  put  much  money  or 
time  into  enterprises  of  this  character.  The  real  state  of  affairs 
up  to  the  fall  of  1875,  was  simply  this:  Every  one  was  willing  a 
railroad  should  be  built  to  Sioux  P'alls — provided  always  that  they 
were  not  called  upon  to  bear  any  expense  or  make  any  sacrifice  to 
obtain  it.     In  other    words:  If  any    railroad    company  desired  to 


Siorx    FALLS.  85 


build  a  road  to  Sioux  Falls,  "Barkis  was  willin.'"  Previous  to  this, 
none  of  our  people  had  felt  that  a  railroad  was  a  necessity,  and 
even  then  there  was  a  number  of  business  men  Avho  opposed  any 
effort  towards  getting  a  road  to  Sioux  Falls  for  the  reason  That 
the  entire  freight  business  of  Sioux  Falls  for  years  to  come  would 
not  equal  ten  full  cars  each  waij  in  a  year!  Bat  with  the  immense 
surplus  crop  of  1875  on  hand",  and  to  be  moved,  our  business  men 
felt  the  need  of  a  railroad  and  determined  to  secure  one  at  the 
earliest  day  possible.  A  meeting  was  held  Nov.  2d,  1875,  at  which 
it  was  resolved  to  take  immediate  steps  to  organize  a  company, 
survey  a  route,  procure  the  right  of  way,  and  then  turn  the  same 
over  to  any  company  that  would  complete  and  operate  the  road. 
The  result  of  this  meeting   was  the  organization  on  Nov.    10th, 

1875,  of  the  Sioux  Falls  Railroad  Company,  organized  for  the  pur- 
pose of  building  and  operating  a  railroad  from  a  point  on  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Dakota,  through  Sioux  Falls  to  Yankton. 
The  Company  consisted  of  A.  F.  Shaw,  Joseph  Roberts,  M.  L. 
Wood,  E.  A.  Sherman,  J.  D.  Cameron,  R.  F.  Pettigrew  and  M. 
Grigsby.  Before  Christmas,  the  survey  was  completed,  and  a 
committee  visited  St.  Paul.  They  reported  that  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  company  would  extend  their  line  to  Sioux  Falls  during 

1876.  It  was  decided  that  8100,000   was  all  Sioux  Falls  ought  to, 

or  could  give. 

The  organization  of  the  Sioux  Falls  Company  was  kept  up,  and 
in  March,  1876,  a  company  was  formed  in  St.  Paul  to  connect  with 
this,  which  completed  a  road  to  LuVern?  :n  1877. 

The  demands  of  the  Minnnesota  Company  were  finally  modified 
so  that  they  were  acceptable  to  the  people  of  Sioux  Falls,  and  the 
local  Company  merged  into  the  Worthington  &  Sioux  Falls  Com- 
pany, which  used  every  means  at  their  command  to  hasten  the  com- 
pletion of  the  road. 

On  Thursday,  August  1st,  1878,  at  12:40,  local  time,  the  first 
passenger  train  arrived  in  Sioux  Falls,  and  was  saluted  with  a 
musical  welcome,  three  cheers  and  a  tiger. 

The  Company  at  once  began  the  erection  of  its  buildings,  and  be- 
fore the  close  of  the  year,  had  built  an  elevator,  50  by  60  feet,  72 
feet  high,  having  a  capacity  of  65,000  bushels,  at  an  expense  of 
about  815,000;  a  depot,  31  by  90  feet,  costing  about  82,000;  an  en- 
gine house,  44  by  69  feet,  81,000;  a  water  tank  and  wind  mill, 
82,500,  and  a  turntable,  costing  about  8800. 


S6  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

While  work  on  this  line  was  progressing  so  favorably,  other  in- 
terests were  pushing  forward  to  completion  other  roads  that  had 
in  view  the  division  of  the  railroad  business  of  Sioux  Falls.  The 
Sioux  City  and  Pembina  was  completed  to  Beloit,  January  1st,  1879, 
and  asked  an  appropriation  from  the  people  to  enable  them  to  build 
to  Sioux  Falls;  the  oflicers  ot  that  road  assuring  the  citizens  that, 
if  sufficient  aid  were  given, the  road  would  be  extended  to  this  point 
duriug  the  year. 

The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Company  were  at  this  time 
engaged  in  the  extension  of  their  line  west  from  McGregor,  and 
many  of  the  citizens  of  Sioux  Falls  were  in  favor  of  extending  aid 
to  that  company  rather  than  to  the  Pembina  Company.  The  Mil- 
waukee, Sioux  Falls  &  Red  River  Company  was  founded,  and  an  ef- 
fort made  to  divert  the  main  line  of  the  Milwaukee  to  Sioux  Falls. 
The  members  of  this  company  were  M.  Grigsby,  C.  K.  Howard,  A. 
Gale,  B.  F.  Campbell,  J.  M.  Washburn,  N.  E.  Phillips,  T.  H.  Brown, 
E.  W.  Caldwell,  H.  Callender,  W.  VanEps,  R.  S.  Alexander  and 
W.  J.  Gibbinson.  This  company  was  informed  by  the  Milwaukee 
Company,  under  date  of  April  12,  1879,  that  they  could  do  noth- 
ing for  them,  even  in  the  way  of  a  branch  line,  until  after  their 
main  line  was  completed. 

July  1st,  1879,  the  Pembina  Company  offered  to  complete  their 
road  to  Sioux  Falls  at  once,  if  given  the  right  of  way  from  the  south 
line  of  Minnehaha  County,  depot  grounds  in  the  village,  and  87,000 
cash  or  bonds.  This  offer  was  ^nodified,  July  26th,  1879,  to  right 
of  way  from  Canton  to  Sioux  Falls  and  depot  grounds  in  the  vil- 
lage. This  last  proposition  was  accepted,  and  a  committee  at  once 
went  to  work  to  secure  the  right  of  way. 

The  Sioux  City  &  Pembina  and  Dakota  Southern  Companies  be- 
ing consolidated  October  26fch,  1879,  Sioux  Falls  had  a  continuous 
line  to  Sioux  City  and  Yankton,  on  the  completion  of  the  second 
railroad  to  Sioux  Falls,  December  18th,  1879.  April  1st,  18S0,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Company  took  possession  of  the 
Sioux  City  &  Dakota  road,  absorbing  it  into  their  vast  railroad  sys- 
tem, thereby  giving  Sioux  Falls  acontinuous  line  under  one  man- 
agement to  Milwaukee  and  Chicago. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  1879,  representatives  from  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad  Company  visited  Sioux  Falls^and  offered,  in  con- 
sideration of  right  of  way  for  ten  miles  north  of  corporation  line, 
and  depot  grounds  in  the  village,  to  build  that  road  to  Sioux  Falls. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  87 

The  proposition  was  accepted  without  debate,  grading  at  once  began 
and  the  third  road  to  Sioux  Falls  is  in  active  operation. 

In  Octobei*,  1879,  the  work  of  extending  the  Worthington  & 
Sioux  Falls  road  west  of  this  place  began.  At  present  the  exten- 
sion is  completed  and  in  operation  to  Salem,  McCook  Connty,  forty- 
miles  west. 

In  order  to  show  the  fallacy  of  the  argument  that  a  road  was  not 
needed  in  Sioux  Falls,  because  ''  ten  cars  loaded  each  way  would 
do  the  entire  business  of  Sioux  Falls  for  a  year,"  we  append  the 
statement  of  the  shipments  and  receipts  of  the  two  companies  now 
doing  business  here  for  the  last  three  months.  This  statement 
embraces  only  the  freight  stopping  here  and  shipped  from  here: 

WORTHINGTON  &  SIOUX  FALLS  ROAD. 

Received  pounds     Fowarded  pounds, 

July 4,02;i,101  1,792,305 

Auirnst.    4,359,048  577,173 

September 2,743,588  811;115 

Total 11,125,737  3,180,593 

CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL. 

July 1,423,185  2,087,680 

August I,133,.s54  1,398,460 

September 1,693,887  989,740 

Total 4,150,926  4,425,880     I  ' 

Making  a  grand  total  of  15^276,663  pounds  received,  and  of 
7,606,473  pounds  forwarded,  or  of  22,883,136  pounds  of  freight 
handled.  This  large  amount  of  freight  reduced  to  tons  makes  a 
fraction  over  11,441,  or  953  full  carloads  of  12  tons  each.  These 
figures  show  that  the  freight  business  of  Sioux  Falls  for  the  last 
three  months  has  been  on  an  average  of  a  fraction  over  twelve  full 
car  loads  per  day  for  each  week  day. 

SIOUX  FALLS  MILL. 

The  first  successful  use  made  of  the  water  power,  at  the  second 
building  of  Sioux  Falls,  was  in  connection  with  the  grist  mill  of 
Webber  &  Harthorn,  which  was  put  in  operation  early  in  1873. 
The  building  was  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  just  below  the 
Falls — ^the  last  fall  in  the  series  being  used  to  obtain  the  requisite 
power^ — and  was  30  by  40  feet.  The  basement  was  of  stone,  quar- 
ried on  the  ground,  the  superstructure  being  of  native  burr  oak. 
The  mill  was  designed  by  a  Mr.  Ash,  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  the  work 
being  done  by  Messrs.  0.  P.  Weston,  Mr.  Harthorn  and  Mr.  May- 
nard.     It  was  the  event  of  the  year,  when  the  mill  was  first  put  in 


88  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

operatiou,  as  it  was  not  only  an  earnest  of  cheaper  prices  for  the 
"staff  of  life,"  but  made  a  home  market  for  the  quantities  of  grain 
grown  in  the  immediate  neigliborhood,  and  dimly  shadowed  forth 
the  possibilities  of  the  Sioux  Falls  water  power  in  the  days  to  come 
when  the  water  that  for  so  many  centuries  had  been  expending  its  en- 
ergies in  sim})ly  wearing  a  channel  through  the  rocks,  should  be  har- 
nessed and  controlled  by  the  inventive  genius  of  man,  and  made  to  do 
his  bidding.  This  mill  remained  in  active  use  for  the  benefit  of  the 
people  until  the  spring  of  the  pesent  year,  when  the  waters  that 
had  so  long  acted  as  a  servant,  took  the  jjosition  of  master,  and 
showed  something  of  their  power  by  sending  the  mill  bodily  down 
the  stream. 

CASCADE  MILL. 

The  next  improvement  of  the  water  power  was  made  in  1877. 
During  the  month  of  September,  1.  Emerson,  E.  A.  Sherman  and 
J.  G.  Botsford,  under  the  firm  name  of  Emerson,  Sherman  &  Co., 
purchased  the  water  power  and  five  acres  of  land  on  the  east  side 
of  the  river,  just  north  of  Eighth  street,  and  began  the  erection  of 
the  ''Cascade  Mill."  The  most  formidable  part  of  the  undertaking 
was  the  building  of  the  dam,  which  was  begun  October  3,  1877. 
This  structure  is  of  native  stone,  sixteen  feet  wide  at  the  base,  and 
the  whole  structure  firmly  bolted  to  the  bedrock.  The  engineer 
in  charge  of  this  work  was  the  late  Mr.  Meltimore,  of  Evansville, 
Wisccnsin.  That  he  did  his  work  faithfully  and  well,  is  evidenced 
from  the  fact,  that  although  the  ice  and  high  water  have  caused  all 
the  other  dams  on  the  Sioux  River  to  give  way,  this  one  has  stood 
secure. 

The  mill  proper,  36  by  52  feet,  three  stories  in  height,  was 
designed  by  Asa  Forrest,  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  contains  five  run 
of  stone.  It  was  fitted  up  with  the  very  best  of  machinery,  with 
all  the  latest  improvements,  by  -the  Novelty  Iron  Works,  of  Du- 
buque, Iowa,  and  began  turning  out  flour  in  September,  1878. 

Long  before  the  machinery  was  put  in  motion,  the  people  of 
Sioux  Falls  appreciated  the  enterprise  as  one  in  which  they  had  a 
personal  and  pecuniary  interest,  as  upon  its  success  depended  in  a 
large  degree  not  only  the  price  of  the  grain  they  might  from  sea- 
son to  season  have  for  sale,  but  also  their  facilities  for  being  sup- 
plied with  flour. 

Rigiit  royally  has  the  mill  fulfilled  all  the  anticipations  of  its 
friends,  and  proved  a  success  to  those  more  immediately  interested. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  89 


as  it  has  been  in  almost  constant  operation  day  and  night  since 
the  machinery  was  first  put  in  motion.  At  the  present  time,  the 
mill  is  turning  out  flour  at  the  rate  of  one  hundred  barrels  per  day. 
The  local  demand  is  more  than  supplied  by  the  produce  of  the  mill, 
but  the  surplus  finds  a  ready  market  in  the  East.  The  fame  of 
this  mill  is  not  local  in  character,  some  of  the  flour  manufactured 
here  being  sent  across  the  Atlantic  and  competing  in  the  markets 
of  the  old  world  with  the  world-renowned  brands. 

Connected  with  the  mill,  and  really  forming  a  part  of  it — with  a 
track  from  the  Milwaukee,  Chicago,  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  to  its 
doors — is  an  elevator  30x40  feet,  of  the  same  height  as  the  mill, 
having  a  storage  capacity  for  20,000  bushels  of  grain,  the  lower 
story  furnishing  warehouse  room  for  the  surplus  flour  awaiting 
shipment. 

Mr.  Botsford  has  lately  disposed  of  his  one-fourth  interest  in  the 
property  to  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Wheeler— consideration,  ^16,000.00.  The 
nam 3  of  the  firm  remxins  unshang.vl,  while  the  grade  of  the  flour, 
owing  to  improvements  lately  introduced  into  the  machinery,  is 
materially  improved. 

When  it  was  first  noised  abroad  there  was  to  be  a  mill  erected 
here  of  the  capacity  of  the  Cascade,  and  some  people  said  the  day 
was  not  far  distant  when  a  larger  mill  than  the  Cascade  would  be 
built  ia  Sioux  Falls,  a  gceib  niiuy  p^r^oa^  laughed  at  the  idea,  and 
said  the  Cascade  was  larger  than  the  agricultural  interests  of  the 
Sioux  Valley  demanded — that  the  enterprise  would  prove  dead 
capital  to  those  who  had  invested  their  property  in  it — that  not 
enough  grain  to  keep  the  mill  in  operation  half  the  time  could  be 
secured  in  the  country  tributary  to  Sioux  Falls — that  it  would  not 
pay  to  ship  after  grinding,  etc.;  in  short,  that  the  growth  of  the 
town  had  culminated  in  the  building  of  the  Cascade  Mill.  It  is 
safe  to  say  that  these  persons  never  expected  to  see  the  erection  of 
a  mill  of  the  dimensions,  capacity  and  facilities  of  the  "Queen  Bee,'' 
nor  supposed  such  an  institution  could  find  adec|uate  employment 
for  its  machinery  in  this  part  of  the  country. 

The  old  method  of  milling  by  which  the  grain  was 
crushed  between  mill  stones,  thereby  breaking  the  bran 
and  mixing  it  with  the  flour,  and  the  dirt  adhering  to 
the  berry  in  the  case,  also  finding  its  way  into  the  flour, 
thus  coloring  the  whole  manufactured  product,  and  so  in- 
juriously affecting  the  prices  that  the  flour  had  to  be  sold  at  a  low 


90  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

figure,  and  often  at  a  sacrifice — made  the  business  so  uncertain, 
and  at  times  so  expensive,  tliat  it  became  absolutely  necessaiy  to 
invent  some  means  by  which  these  difficulties  and  drawbacks  could 
be  overcome.  The  inventions  to  this  end  first  took  practical  shape 
in  Hungary  under  the  name  of  the  Hungarian  Process.  This  pro- 
cess consisted  in,  first,thoroughly  cleansing  the  outside  of  the  grain, 
and  then  breaking  it  between  rollers,  which  would  make  it  possi- 
ble to  clean  all  parts  of  the  berry  before  it  was  finally  reduced  to 
flour.  This  process  has  been  continually  improved  upon  since  its 
first  introduction,  by  the  best  millwrights  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
until  now,  under  the  name  of  the  "Gradual  Reduction  Process"  it 
has  achieved  a  success  and  attained  a  degree  of  perfection  little  ex- 
pected by  its  originators.  The  "Queen  Bee  Mill,"  begun  here  in 
August,  1879,  is  built  for  working  up  the  grain  by  this  process, 
and  embodies  all  the  advanced  ideas  and  latest  improvements  that 
have  up  to  this  time  been  brought  before  the  milliug  public. 

It  ma}^  be  interesting  to  give  a  short  account,  divested  of  all 
technical  terms,  of  the  different  processes  through  which  the  grain 
passes,  from  the  time  it  arrives  on  the  track  until  it  is  barreled, 
ready  for  shipment. 

The  wheat,  after  being  shoveled  from  the  car,  is  thereafter 
handled  by  machinery  in  all  its  various  journeys  thr.ough  the  ele- 
vator and  mill.  Before  leaving  the  elevator,  it  passes  through 
cleaning  machines,  which  takes  out  all  the  grosser  impurities,  as 
sticks,  chaff,  straw,  etc.  It  is  then  sent  to  the  mill  by  conveyors, 
and  passed  through  separators,  which  extract  all  the  oats  and 
weeds;  from  thence  it  goes  to  another  machine  which  takes  out  all 
the  cockle.  After  being  freed  from  all  foreign  matter,  it  is 
scoured  and  passed  thrpugh  two  sets  of  brushes,  w4iich  remove  all 
the  dust  and  dirt  from  the  outside  of  the  grain,  which  is  then 
ready  for  the  first  set  of  corrugated  rolls. 

The  first  break  is  intended  to  crack  open  the  berry  without 
breaking  it  into  fine  pieces.  This  is  not  such  an  impossible  task 
as  it  might  seem  to  be  to  the  uninformed,  as  the  bran  and  the  part 
of  the  grain  next  to  the  bran  are  a  great  deal  tougher  than  the  cen- 
ter of  the  berry.  It  is  then  passed  through  reels,  purifiers  and 
brushes,  which  remove  the  remaining  dirt.  A  very  little  flour 
comes  out  at  this  stage  of  the  process,  but  it  is  of  a  very  inferior 
grade. 

The  grain  next  passes  to  a  second  set  of  corrugated  rolls,  set  a 


CU^^/./^^^^^ 


SIOUX    FALLS.  91 


little  closer  together  than  were  the  first.  From  this  break  there 
are  three  separations  made — two  of  middlings  and  one  of  flonr. 
The  finer  middlings  go  to  the  purifiers  and  the  coarser  to  the  third 
set  of  corrugated  rolls.  From  the  third  break,  four  grades  of  mid- 
dlings are  made,  according  to  their  fineness.  The  fourth  break  is 
a  repetition  of  tlie  third  with  a  similar  result.  The  fifth  break 
produces  only  three  grades  of  middlings,  all  the  finer  parts  having 
been  taken  out  in  the  previous  crushings.  The  sixth  and  last 
break,  by  corrugated  rolls,  yields  two  grades  of  middlings  and 
the  bran. 

Thus  far  the  crushing  has  been  but  the  necessary  preparation 
for  the  manufacture  of  the  choice  brands  of  flour,  all  the  flour 
thus  far  obtained  being  simply  the  fine  particles  which  have  bro- 
ken loose  from  the  berry  and  sifted  out  in  the  cleansing  of  the 
middlings. 

Each  of  the  four  grades  of  middlings,  that  have  been  separated, 
are  now  purified  by  diffierent  machines,  each  adapted  to  the  partic- 
ular grade  which  it  is  intended  shall  pass  through  it,  after  which 
they  are  passed  between  the  smooth  rolls  of  chilled  steel,  highly 
polished,  to  extract  the  small  particles  of  bran  and  germ.  The 
middlings  in  turn  pass  through  four  sets  of  smooth  rolls,  each  set 
being  a  little  closer  together  than  the  preceding,  from  whence 
they  are  taken  to  the  bolting  ruts,  and  thence  to  the  packing  ma- 
chines, emerging  therefrom  as  the  choicest  brands  of  patent  flour, 
ready  for  the  retail  trade. 

Any  part  of  the  grain  not  thoroughly  reduced  by  this  process  is 
sent  to  the  old-fashioned  buhrs  and  converted  into  a  low  grade  of 
flour.  It  will  be  seen  from  this,  that,  by  this  process,  every  part 
of  the  grain  is  utilized,  such  parts,  except  the  l)ran,  as  will  not 
make  the  best  of  flour,  being  converted  into  that  of  an  inferior 
grade. 

THE  QUEEN  BEE  MILL 

Was  begun  in  August,  1879,  and  is  now  nearly  completed.  It  bears 
about  the  same  relation  to  an  ordinary  grist  mill  that  the  Great 
Northwest  does  to  the  cramped  localities  of  the  East.  It  embodies 
all  the  latest  improvements  in  milling  machinery,  many  of  the  im- 
provements and  appliances  being  entirely  original  and  peculiar  to 
this  mill. 

The  building  is  of  stone,  quarried  on  the  ground,  80  by  100  feet, 
and  104  feet  from  foundation  to  top  of  walls,  which  are  six  feet 


92  HISTORY    OF   SOUTIIEASTKKN    DAKOTA. 


thick.  This  space  is  divided  into  seven  stories— six  beside  the  base- 
ment—though the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  floors  are  ]>ractieally 
each  two  stories. 

The  mill  was  designed  by  J.  W.  McKcen,  of  Minneapolis,  to 
whom  has  been  entrusted  the  entire  construction.  Mr.  McKeen 
has  been  ably  seconded  in  his  labors  by  Messrs.  H.  W.  Stearns, 
(who  will  remain  permanently  at  the  mill  after  its  completion  in 
the  capacity  of  millwright),  Peter  Paff,  L.  R.  Williman  and  W.  Mc- 
Connell,  foremen  in  different  departments,  Geo.  Gildersleeve,  first 
miller,  and  G.  V.  Quillard,  second  miller. 

To  show  the  accuracy  with  which  the  building  was  planned,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  say  that  the  workmen  have  found  it  necessary  to 
cut  but  one  joist  in  all  the  vast  building,  to  accommodate  the 
almost  numberless  machines,  shafts  and  belts. 

The  office  on  the  ground  floor  is  connected  with  all  parts  of  the 
building  by  speaking  tubes  and  electric  bells,  by  means  of  which 
inst  'itaneous  communication  can  be  had  with  the  workmen  in  all 
par  of  the  building.  The  mill,  office  and  warehouse  is  lighted 
thv  ^hout  with  gas  manufactured  on  the  premises  and  heated  by 
ste  Connected  with  the  heating  appuratus  is  the  arrangement 

for  hiuguishing  fire  in  case  of  accident.  A  Beedy  elevator  runs 
froL  he  basement  to  the  upper  floor.  In  short,  everything  of  use 
tliat  uuman  ingenuity  has  been  able  to  invent,  is  to  be  found  here 
in  successful  operation.  The  shaft  from  the  waterwheel  terminates 
in  the  basement,  which  is  literally  filled  with  shafting,  destribul-ing 
the  power  to  such  parts  of  the  mill  as  it  is  needed. 

On  the  first  floor  are  arranged  seventy  pairs  of  rolls,  seven  sets 
buhrs,  and  two  brush  machines. 

On  the  second  floor  are  two  more  brush  machines,  five  flour  pack- 
ers, ten  stock  bins  and  about  eighty  bins  for  middlings. 

On  the  third  floor,  are  arranged  seven  double  bolting  chests,  with 
four  reels  in  each,  one  single  bolting  chest  with  two  reels,  one 
cockle  machine,  and  twenty-two  F^mith  purifiers.  On  the  middle 
floor,  in  this  story,  are  five  Smith  purifiers  and  nine  Allis  aspirators. 

The  fourth  floor  has  seven  double  and  one  single  bolting  chests, 
twenty-two  purifiers  and  three  wheat  separators.  On  the  middle 
floor,  are  five  purifiers  and  four  l)ran  dusters. 

On  the  fifth  floor  are  seven  more  double  and  one  single  bolting 
chests,  eleven  purifiers,  eleven  iis])ir!itors  i;nd  two  wheat  screens; 
while  the  sixth  floor  has  six  middlings  graders. 


SIOUX    FALL?.  93 


All  the  available  space  between  and  around  the  machines,  above 
the  grinding  floor,  is  filled  with  bins  and  garners,  there  being  some 
two  hundred  of  them  in  the  mill. 

The  mill  contains  nearly  two  miles  of  elevators,  three  miles  of 
conveyors,  eight  miles  of  spouting,  and  ten  miles  of  belting.  Every 
tiling  in  and  about  the  building,  from  basement  to  roof,  is  built  in 
the  most  thorough  manner,  being  "cabinet  work,"  in  every  sense 
of  the  term. 

Adjoining  and  connected  with  the  mill  is  an  elevator  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  100,000  bushels,  and  a  warehouse,  50  by  142  feet,  four 
stories  in  height,  containing  a  feed-separating  reel,  two  bran  pack- 
ers and  barrel  elevators.  The  large  bins  for  bran  occupy  an  entire 
story  of  the  building.  The  warehouse  has  a  storage  capacity  of 
10,000  barrels. 

Near  the  warehouse  is  the  cooper  shop,  which  is  intended  to  fur- 
nish room  at  present  for  forty  coopers. 

The  mill  has  a  side  track,  leading  from  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis &  Omaha  R.  R.,  which  is  divided  into  a  double  track  just 
before  it  reaches  the  elevator,  one  track  passing  near  the  elevator, 
the  other  near  the  warehouse.  At  the  northern  end  of  the  track 
is  a  transfer,  by  means  of  which  a  train  of  cars  can  be  pushed  in, 
unloaded  on  one  track,  transferred  to  the  other,  loaded  and  leave 
the  premises,  without  any  unnecessary  switching,  or  without 
requiring  a  great  amount  of  track  room. 

The  power  necessary  for  driving  all  this  vast  amount  of  machin- 
ery, comes  from  the  Sioux  River.  A  canal  has  been  blasted  through 
the  rocks,  from  a  point  nearly  east  of  the  center  of  Brookings 
Island,  to  within  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  feet  of  the  wheel 
pit,  from  which  point  the  water  is  conveyed  in  an  iron  tube  seven 
feet  in  diameter  to  the  wheel — an  American  turbine,  four  feet  in 
diameter,  giving  eight  hundred  horse-power.  The  "head"  at  pres- 
ent is  fifty-six  feet;  can  be  increased  to  seventy  by  further  blast- 
ing, if  it  is  thought  advisable. 

The  general  direction  of  all  the  work  in  and  around  this  great 
establishment — employing  in  its  various  departments  a  hundred 
men — as  well  as  the  arrangements  necessary  for  obtaining  the 
grain  to  keep  the  mill  in  operation,  is  under  the  immediate  charge 
of  Mr.  C.  W.  Hubbard,  a  gentleman  who  has  made  hosts  of  friends 
since  taking  charge  of  the  work. 


9i  HISTOKY    OF    SOUTHEASTE.'tN    DAKOTA. 


BUSINESS  IN  DETAIL. 

[  In  this  ennmoratioii  we  have  tried  to  give  the  business  complete; 
but  there  undoubtedl}'  are  omissions,  from  the  fact  that  some  per- 
sons have  been  in  business  but  a  few  months,  and  their  coming 
and  going  were  unknown  to  the  writer.  The  parties  named  are 
still  in  business,  unless  it  is  otherAvise  stated.] 

GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

C.  K.  Howard  was  the  first  one  to  open  a  stock  of  goods  in  Sioux 
Falls.  In  1868  he. purchased  the  business  of  the  post  trader  and 
began  his  business  in  the  old  hospital  building,  then  standing  near 
the  present  location  of  the  Williams  House.  In  1871  he  put  up  a 
frame  building,  corner  Phillips  Avenue  and  Tenth  street,  to  Avhich 
additions  Avere  made  from  time  to  time  until  nearly  the  entire  lot 
was  covered.  In  the  spring  of  1880  the  old  frame  building  was 
entirely  removed  aud  the  present  Howard  &  Taylor  block- — one  of 
the  marvels  of  this  great  northwest — erected  in  its  place.  This 
block  has  a  frontage  on  Phillips  Avenue  of  88  feet  and  150  feet  on 
Tenth  street.  Mr.  Howard  occupies  the  south  half  of  the  block, 
his  store  room  being  44  by  130  feet,  immediately  west  of  this 
room  and  connected  with  it  is  his  meat  market  20  by  44  feet, 
fronting  on  tenth  street.  The  entire  block  is  heated  Avith  Boyn- 
ton  furnaces  and  is  lighted  with  plate  glass  Avindows.  The  base- 
ment and  second  story,  connected  with  ground  floor  by  an  eleva- 
tor, being  more  especially  devoted  to  his  Avholesale  business.  His 
stock  is  extensive  and  demonstrates  his  ability  to  carr}'  out  his  ad- 
vertisement to  the  letter:  ''Howard  buys  anything  and  sells  every- 
thing."' 

I.  Harthorn  and  J.  H.  Moulton  opened  a  stock  of  general  mer- 
chandise in  1869,  but  after  a  short  time  gave  up  the  business  and 
turned  their  attention  to  other  matters. 

Col.  Allen  opened  a  stock  of  general  merchandise  in  the  fall  of 
1870,  and  continued  the  business  until  the  fall  of  1873,  Avhen  he 
closed  out  his  entire  stock. 

VV^m.  VanEps  built  a  frame  store  and  tilled  it  Avith  general  mer- 
chandise in  the  spring  of  1871.  His  business  from  theiirst  has  been 
steadily  increasing  both  in  the  Avholesale  and  retail  line.  It  has 
been  his  intention  from  the  time  of  his  first  establishment  here  to 
keep  a  stock  of  everything  likely  to  be  called  for,  froui  a  i)aper  of 
pins  to  a  threshing  machine,  and  unlike  many  others  Avho  iiave  at- 
tempted such  an  extensive  business  he  has  not  alloAved  onebrandi 
of  it  to  jirosper  at  the  expense  of  another.  His  location  from  the 
first  has  been  corner  Phillips  A.ve.  and  Eighth  St. 

Geo.  ]i.  Sanimons,  established  in  the  spring  of  1873,  continued 
in  luisiness  until  the  summer  of  1881,  when  he  removed  his  stock 
to  Brandon. 


SIOUX   FALLS.  95 


CO.  Natesta,  opened  a  stock  of  general  merchandise  on  Main 
Street  in  August,  1873.  In  187-1:  he  removed  to  Phillips  Ave. 
Upon  his  election  to  the  office  of  Register  of  Deeds  in  1878  he  dis- 
posed of  his  entire  stock. 

C.  N.  Bunce,  established  in  June.  1876.  continued  in  business 
about  a  year. 

Turner  Brothers,  established  September,  1878.  In  December, 
1879,  one  of  the  partners  reported  that  he  had  been  "  robbed  "  at 
Worthington.  and  the  firm  was  soon  closed  by  creditors. 

Mundt  &  Kunerth,  Tenth  street,  east  of  Phillips  Aveune.  estab- 
lished in  June,  1878.  In  January.  1881,  F.  Kunerth  purchased 
the  entire  business,  which  he  still  continues  at  the  same  location. 

P.  P.  Boylan.  dry  goods,  groceries  and  provisions,  corner  Main 
and  8th  Sts.     Established  October,  1878. 

H.  Gilbert  &  Son,  east  side  Phillips  Ave.,  north  of  Ninth  street. 
Established  in  October,  1881. 

DRY  GOODS. 

Wise  Bros.,  opened  an  extensive  and  the  first  exclusive  stock  of 
dry  goods  ever  brought  to  Sioux  Falls  in,  Allen's  building  corner 
Phillip's  Ave.  and  8th  street,  in  Augusi  1876.  After  a  few  months 
the  entire  stock  was  taken  to  Yankton. 

P.  W.  Wildt,  began  business  in  Sioux  Falls,  in  the  Cataract  block 
in  June,  1878.  His  stock  of  dry  goods  was  bought  by  C.  K.  How- 
ard in  1880,  and  his  stock  of  clothing  by  Williams  Bros.,  in  the 
spring  of  1881. 

W.  R.  Kingsbury,  built  on  the  lot  adjoining  First  National  Bank 
on  the  north,  in  April,  1878,  where  he  remained  until  about  the 
1st  of  September  of  the  present  year,  when  he  removed  to  Edmi- 
on  block,  corner  Ninth  St.  and  Phillips  Ave.,  which  he  now  occu- 
pies. 

Hardt  &  Waters,  Cataract  block,  established  September,  1878. 
In  1879.  Mr.  W.  C.  Waters  purchased  the  entire  business  which 
he  has  since  conducted  at  tbe  same  location. 

_  P.  S._  Wpst,  exclusively  dry  goods,  established  May,  1880,  con- 
tinued in  the  business  about  six  months. 

A.  W.  Allison,  established  July,  1880,  Avest  side  Phillips  ave., 
two  doors  north  of  the  Howard  &"  Taylor  block. 

E.  J.  Daniels  &  Co.,  better  known  as  "Dan  and  Harry;"'  west 
side  Phillips  ave.,  south  of  8th  st.,  established  Sept.,  1880. 

F.  A.  Kennard,  Cataract  block,  established  September,  1880. 

C.  Comerford,  established  October,  1880,  continued  in  business 
till  July,  1881. 

MILLINERY  &  LADIES  FURNISHING. 

Mrs.  E.  G.  Wheeler,  established  June,  1873,  continued  only  a 
short  time. 

Mrs.  C.  G.  JcAvett,  established  April,  187-1,  continued  about  a 
year. 


06  HISTOKY    OF    SOriHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Biyan,  established  December,  1875,  on  east  side 
IMiillips  ave.;  afterward  removed  to  present  location,  west  side 
Phillips  ave.,  between  10th  and  11th  streets. 

Mrs.  J.  Waldo,  established  October,  1877,  continued  only  a  few 
months. 

Misses  McCall  &  Blanchard,  established  October,  1878,  contin- 
ued about  a  year  and  a  half. 

Mrs.  ]'].  0.  l?ice,  established  in  spring  of  1878.  in  building  ad- 
joining Van  Eps'  store;  removed  to  her  present  location,  west  side 
Phillips  ave.,  near  9th  street  in  August,  187!>. 

W.  Obert.  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  near  lOtli  street,  established 
August.  1879. 

Mrs.  M.  E.  Pattee,  Tenth  street,  east  of  Phillips  ave.,  established 
June.  1881. 

Mrs.  A.  Allen,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  north  of  8th  street,  estab- 
lished Sejitember,  1881. 

CLOTHING,   &c. 

Williams  Bros.,  southwest  corner  Phillips  ave.  and  Ninth  street, 
established  March,  1876. 

J.  B.  Cloudas  &  Co.,  Cataract  block,  established  September,  1880. 

Schroeder  &  Peterson,  west  side  Phillips  ave..  south  of  10th  st., 
established  March,  1881. 

Louis  Frank,  established  in  spring  of  1880;  continued  about 
four  months. 

MERCHANT  TAILORS. 

L.  0.  Johanson,  established  March,  1876.  In  1877 sold  to  A.  P. 
Anderson,  and  after  a  short  time  again  started  his  business  on 
Main  street.     Is  now  with  Schroeder  &  Peterson. 

A.  P.  Anderson,  successor  toL.  0,  Johanson,  established  spring 
of  1877;  sold  his  business  in  1880. 

Dahl  &  Skoven,  successors  to  A.  P.  Anderson,  established  Feb- 
ruary, 1880;  sold  to  Dahl  in  1881. 

0.  M.  Dahl,  successor  to  Dahl  &  Skoyen,  west  side  Phillips 
Avenue,  near  Nineth  street;  established  October,  1881. 

G.  H.  Rognus,  Tenth  street,  east  of  Phillips  xlvenue,  established 
April,  1878.  Mr.  Rognus'  health  does  not  permit  him  to  work  at 
his  trade  at  present. 

J.  l:{echer,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  near  Eighth  street,  Estab- 
lished. September,  1880. 

C.  Listman,  established  in  1878;  west  side  Phillips  Avenue,  cor. 
9th  street. 

DRUGS    AND  MEDICINES. 

Wm.  Van  Eps,  established  in  spring  of  1871. 

D.  H.  Henry,  established   June,  1873,  sold  to  Dunning  in  1871. 
L.  T.  Dunning,    northwi^st  corner   Phillips  Avenue  and  Eighth 

street,  successor  to  D.  H.  Henry,  established  October.  1874. 

Phillijis  (S:  Brown,  established  August,  1877;  sold  to  N.E.  Phill- 
ips September,  1879. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  97 


N.  E.  Phillips,  successor  to  Phillips  &  Brown,  established  Sep- 
tember, 1879;  sold  to  Phillips  &  Nelson,  February.  18S0. 

N.  E.  PhiUips  &  Co.— N.  E.  Phillips  andW.H.  Nelson— suc- 
cessoi-s  to  N.  E.  Phillips,  west  side  Phillips  Avenue,  near  Tenth 
street;  established  February,  1880. 

Geo.  Mahoney  &  Co.,  established  October  1878;  removed  from 
the  place  in  1879. 

U.  Hyerdahl,  established  in  spring  of  1879;  sold  to  Brush  in  '80. 

George  Brush,  established  in  fall  of  1880;  sold  toStiltesin  1881. 

A.  H.  Stiltes,  southwest  corner  Phillips  Avenue  and  Tenth  street, 
established  July,  1881. 

Noble  Bros.,  established  in  summer  of  1880;  sold  to  Langbelle 
in  1881. 

Geo.  Langbelle.  successors  to  Noble  Bros.,  west  side  Phillips 
Avenue,  near  Eighth  street;  established  1881. 

SCHOOL  FURNITURE  AND   MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

E.  G.  Ledyard  accepted  the  agency  for  Dakota,  for  the  sale  of 
the  celebrated  Victor  School  Furniture  and  sevei'al  first-class  mu- 
sical instruments  in  January,  1878.  In  November,  the  firm  of 
Ledyard  &  Farwell  was  formed.  The  business  of  the  firm  has  been 
very  extensive,  extending  to  nearly  every  organized  county  east  of 
the  Missouri;  in  the  spring  of  1881,  Mr.  F.  W.  Farwell  purchased 
the  entire  business  which  he  still  continues.  Office  and  salesroom 
east  side  Phillips  ave.,  just  south  of  10th  street. 

SEWING   MACHINES. 

The  Singer  Manufacturing  Co.,  J.  G.  Phelps,  agent,  is  the  only 
estaldishment  in  the  city  dealing  exclusively  in  sewing  machines. 
Agency  established  in  December,  1880. 

WATCHMAKERS   &  JEWELERS. 

E.  G.  Hancock,  established  in  fall  of  1872;  continued  till  Octo- 
ber, 1877. 

T.  Pomeroy,  established  during  summer  of  1872. 

R.  D.  Thomas,  established  Sept  ,  1877,  continued  about  a  year. 

R.  S.  Imili,  established  November,  1877;  moved  to  Mitchell 
August,  1880. 

H.  P.  Hanson,  established  in  1878;  removed  in  1879. 

R.  B.  Struthers,  established  in  1878;  removed  in  1879. 

C.  F.  Sischo,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  near  8th  street,  established 
February.  1880. 

Oscar  Ericsson,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  near  10th  street,  estab- 
lished April,  1880. 

D.  J.  Turner,  corner  Phillips  ave.  and  Ninth  street,  established 
July,  1880. 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

Hudson  &  Munson,  established  May,  1878;  sold  to  Munson  in 

1879. 


98  HISTORY    OF    SOUTAEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

John  M.  Munson,  successor  to  Hudson  &  Munson,  east  side 
l'lulli]is  ave..  near  lOth  street,  established  August,  1879. 

H.  J.  Brown,  established  Sept.,  1878,  sold  to  H.  Easton  in  1879. 

H.  Easton,  established  in  spring  of  1879,  sold  to  Dunn  &  Eas- 
ton in  1881. 

Dunn  &  Easton,  successors  to  H.  Easton,  west  side  Phillips  ave., 
near  7th  street,  established  June,  1873. 

In  addition  to  these  parties  a  car  used  occasionally  to  visit  Sioux 
Falls  in  an  early  day,  A.  Loneous  and  C.  Foss  being  the  operators. 

SHOEMAKERS  AND  DEALERS  IN"  BOOTS  AND  SHOES. 

J.  J.  Hancock,  established  in  the  old  barracks  in  the  summer  of 
1871;  afterward  removed  to  west  side  Phillips  ave.^near  9th  street, 
continued  the  business  till  Jul}",  1877. 

N.  Boucher,  established  in  August,  1872,  continued  about  four 
years. 

D.  Tharaldson,  east  side  Phillips  ave.,  near  10th  street,  estab- 
lished November,  1876. 

J.  F.  Redfield,  established  July,  1878,  discontinued  business  July, 
1880. 

C.  R.  Tate,  established  April,  1878,  continued  only  a  few  months. 

0.  Olson,  established  August,  1878,  continued  about  a  year. 
H.  Julson,  established  in  1876,  continued  but  arfew  months. 
W.  C.  Hopkins,  east  side  Phillips  ave.,  north  of  10th  street,  es- 
tablished in  spring  of  1878. 

D.  S.  Glidden,  east  side  Phillips  ave.,  near  9th  street,  established 
November,  1878. 

W.  Lloyd  &  Sons,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  south  of  9th  street, 
established  April,  1879. 

W.  Rabe,  east  side  Phillips  ave.,  north  of  9th  street,  established 
November,  1879. 

J.  M.  Entzminger,  Cataract  block,  established,  September,  1880. 

GROCERIES. 

C.  B.  Culbertson.  established  December,  1873,  continued  about 
a  year, 

John  Henjum,  west  side  Phillips  Ave.,  south  of  10th  st.  Estab- 
lished May,  1877. 

Lockwood  &  Jeffrys,  established  December,  1873.  continued  about 
a  year. 

T.  T.  Cochran,  wholesale  and  retail  groceries,  corner  Phillips 
Ave.  and  8th  St.,  established  September,  1877. 

A.  W.  Ogden,  established  April  1878,  continued  till  April  1879. 

1.  K.  Buck,  west  side  Phillips  Ave.,  south  of  Ninth  street,  estab- 
lislu^d  November,  1878. 

E.  J.  Brown,  established  September,  1878,  continued  till  spring 
of  1879.  ^       " 

J.  M.Murray,  established  in  fall  of  1878.  continued  till  fall  of 
1879. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  99 


A.  Cleudenniiig,  established  October,  1878,  continued  about  a 
year. 

P.  F.  Thompson,  Tenth  street,  east  of  Phillips  Ave.,  established 
December,  1878. 

M.  Gerin,  west  side  Phillips  Ave,  near  9th  st.,  established  Janu- 
ary. 1879. 

Kamph  &  Hage,  established  March,  1880,  continued  till  January 
1st,  188 1 

Webb  &  Alatteson,  west  side  Phillips  Ave.,  north  of  8th  st.,  es- 
tablished, October,  1881. 

Leavitt  Bros.,  established  May,  1878.  Sold  out  in  October, 
1881. 

W.  A.  Noble,  successor  to  Leavitt  Bros.,  west  side  Phillips  Ave. 
near  8th  st.,  established  October,  1879. 

BAKEKIES  AND  RESTAURANTS. 

Geo.  Bordman,  began  business  in  the  old  barracks  in  June,  1873; 
continued  with  occasional  intervals  until  1879. 

A.  J.  Hayes,  bakery  and  restaurant,  east  side  Phillips  Ave.,  near 
8th  St.,  established  November,  1879. 

P.  Hall,  Cit}^  Bakery  and  Restaurant,  west  side  Phillips  Ave. 
near  8th  st.;  established  April,  1880. 

A.  Palm,  restaurant,  Phillips  Ave.  north  of  8tli  st.;  established, 
July,  1881. 

C.  Weihe,  Vienna  Bakery,  established  Feb'y,  1880,  continued  but 
a  few  months. 

MEAT  MARKETS. 

A  number  of  persons  have  opened  meat  markets  in  Sioux  Falls 
who,  after  a  time,  have  closed  their  markets  and  either  engaged  in 
other  businesses  or  removed  from  the  place.  Those  that  can  now 
be  called  to  mind  are  Castor  &  Blades,  liere  in  1873-1;  Castor  & 
Chamberlain,  1871-5;  W.  Hauser,  1875;  Otto  Anderson,  1875;  G. 
C.  Gladwyn,  1876-7;  G.  W.  Bainbridge,  1877;  T.  C.  Allen,  1878; 
John  Zente,  1879.     Those  now  in  business  are: 

C.  K.  Howard,  10  st.;  established  fall  of  1873. 

J.  B.  Peterson  &  Co.,  9th  st.;  established  November,  1878. 

H.  H.  Carroll,  east  side  Phillips  Ave.,  north  of  9tli  st.,  establish- 
ed in  June,  1881,  as  Carroll  &  Pattee. 

Michael  &  Roberts,  west  side  Phillips  Ave.,  near  7th  st..  estab- 
lished August,  1881. 

FLOUR,  FEED,  ETC. 

In  the  fall  of  1877.  D.  T.  Scott  opened  a  flour  and  feed  store  on 
the  west  side  Phillips  Avenue,  which  he  continued  for  about  a  year 
when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  W.  C.  Boyce  and  moved  across 
the  Avenue.  In  October^  1879,  Mr.  Scott  disposed  of  his  interest 
to  Messrs.  Boyce,  Fairbanks  &  Co.;  August  1st,  1880,  this  last 
mentioned  firm  sold  to  W.  C.  Boyce  &  Co. — W.  C.  Boyce  and  W. 


100  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERX   DAKOTA. 

H.  Byran^ — vvho  still   continue   the   business,   east   side   Phillips 
Avenue,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets. 

W.  W.  Johnson,  east  side  J^liillips  Avenue,  north  of  Eighth 
street,  established  May,  1879.  Mr  Johnson  also  deals  in  hides  and 
wool. 

GUNS,  ETC. 

G.  K.  Gunderson,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  north  of  Ninth 
street,  established  September,  1880. 

HARNESS  MAKERS,  ZTC. 

John  McKee,  west  side  Phillips  Avenue^  north  of  Ninth  street, 
established  in  1871. 

N.  E.  Cisna,  established  in  spring  of  1877;  continued  about  two 
years. 

N.  L.  Anderson,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue^  near  Tenth  street; 
established  September  1878. 

F.  Wesser,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  near  Eighth  street,  estab- 
lished November,  1879. 

CHINESE    LAUNDRY. 

Sang  Lee,  on  alley  between  Eighth  and  Ninth  streets;  estab- 
lished in  spring  of  1880. 

TOBACCO,  CIGARS,  ETC. 

A.  T.  Fleetwood,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  south  of  Eighth 
street.  Since  April,  1879,  the  firm  has  been  Fleetwood  &  Lloyd, 
and  located  in  post  office  building. 

D.  J.  Fisher,  cigar  factory;  established  June,  1879,  continued 
about  a  year. 

F.  F.  Angel  &  Son,  cigar  factory,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue, 
south  of  Eighth  street;  established  September,  1879. 

Henry  Pontz,  cigar  factory,  west  side  Philips  Avenue,  just  south 
of  Nineth  street;  established  August  1880. 

NEWS,    STATIONERY,  BOOKS,  ETC. 

E.  T.  Mallory,  established  June.  1873,  continued  about  a  year. 
C.  0.  Natesta,  established  November  1873;  sold  to   Mr.    Russell 

in  January,  1879,  who  sold  to  S.  M.  Bear  &  Co.,  in   March,  1879. 
S.  M.  Bear,  &  Co.,  west  side  Phillips  Avenue,  next  door  north  of 
Cataract  block;  established  March,  1879. 

F.  W.  Farwell,  established  April,  1878;  continued  the  business 
until  November,  1878. 

Fleetwood  &  Lloyd,  Post  office  building;  established  April,  1879. 

BANKS. 

J.  D.  Cameron,  established  the  first  bank  in  Sioux  Falls  in  May, 
1874.  He  continued  the  banking  business  for  about  two  years, 
when  he  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  the  real  estate  business. 

T.  R.  Crandall  &  Co.,  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  June,  1874,  pre- 
pared to  open  the  Minnehaha  County  Bank,  but  sold  their  material 
to  J.  D.  Cameron  before  opening  an  office. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  101 


J.  B.  Young,  established  the  Sioux  Falls  Bank  in  August,  1876, 
In  June,  1877,  H.  L.  Hollister  purchased  an  interest  in  the  busi- 
ness; from  that  time  until  the  organization  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  the  bank  was  known  as  the  Sioux  Falls  Bank  of  J.  B.  Young 
&  Co. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Sioux  Falls,  Avas  chartered  April 
•1st,  1880,  with  J.  B.  Young,  President;  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  Vice 
President  and  H.  L.  Hollister,  Cashier.  The  capital  stock — 150,000 
—being  owned  as  follows:  H.  L.  Hollister,  120,000;  J.  B.  Young. 
$16,000;  R.  F.  Pettigrew,  $3,000;  J.  Schaetzel,  $3,000;  C.  K. 
Howard,  $2..500;  N.  E.  Phillips,  $2,500;  C.  F.  Webber,  $2,000;  C. 
G.  Walts,  $1,000. 

R.  Nation,  establishel  tlie  Citizens  Bank  in  September,  1878; 
sold  to  Hills  &  Beebe  in  1881. 

Hills  &  Beebe,  Citizens  Bank,  corner  Phillips  Avenue  and  Tenth 
street;  established  February,  1881. 

Easton  &  McKinney,  established  November,  1880;  sold  to  Mc- 
Kinney  &  Scougal  in  1881. 

McKinney  &  Scougal,  successors  to  Easton  &  McKinney,  corner 
Phillips  Avenue  and  Eighth  street;  established  in  summer  of  1881. 

BRICKYARDS. 

The  first  kiln  of  brick  manufactured  in  Sioux  Falls  was  burned 
by  D.  H.  Talbot,  now  of  Sioux  City,  in  June,  1873,  on  Frank  street, 
just  east  of  where  the  Worthington  &  Sioux  Falls  Railroad  now 
crosses.  In  the  summer  of  1871,  D.  H.  Talbot  and  John  D.  Cam- 
eron burned  several  kilns  of  brick  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
near  the  bluffs. 

Bayse  &  Kindred,  Frank  street,  east  of  Eighth  Avenue,  estab- 
lished September,  1877;  sold  to  Kindred  in  1878._ 

N.  B.  Kindred,  established  July,  1878;  yard  in  the  southeast 
part  of  the  town. 

D.  Donahoe,  established  in  summer  of  1879;  yard  near  the  river, 
east  end  of  Frank  street. 

BREWERY. 

Knott  &  Nelson,  established  in  summer  of  1871,  sold  to  Knott 
&  Co.  in  fall  of  1871. 

G.  A.  Knott  &  Co. — G.  A.  Knott  and  C.  K.  Howard — successors 
to  Knott  &  Nelson,  established  in  fall  of  1874;  located  on  bluffs  at 
north  end  of  Main  street. 

WHOLESALE  LIQUORS. 

H.  Gilbert,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  near  Nintli  street;  estab- 
lished June,  1873. 

J.  Q.  Houts,  corner  Phillips  Avenue  and  Ninth  street;  estab- 
lished as  a  branch  house  of  Ohlman  &  Co.,  in  April,  1878. 

T.  T.  Cochran,  corner  Philips  Avenue  and  Eighth  street;  estab- 
lished September,  1877. 


102  niSrORY    of    SOnilEASTERX    DAKOTA. 


FUKNITURE. 

I.  C.  Dixon,  established  in  si)rinL;;  of  1872;  corner  Main  juid 
Eighth  streets:  moved  to  13rown  block,  west  side  Phillips  Avenue, 
near  Eighth  street,  in  1880. 

Weston  &  Petterson,  established  July  1874;  sold  to  A.  J'etterson 
in  1880. 

A.  Petterson,  successor  to  Weston  &  Petterson;  corner  Phillips 
Avenue  and  Tenth  street;  established  October,  1878. 

Nichols  X:  Kinney,  established  November,  1880;  continued  tlie 
business  but  a  few  mouths. 

HARDWARE. 

W.  S.  Bloom,  corner  Main  and  8th  streets,  established  in  ]870; 
had  groceries  in  connection,  continued  about  a  year. 

Wni.  Van  Eps,  corner  Phillips  ave.  and  &th  street,  established 
in  spring  of  1871. 

F.  J.  Cross,  established  in  the  fall  of  1872  in  the  old  barracks. 
In  the  spring  of  1873,  with  N.  E.  Phillips,  under  firm  name  of 
Phillips  &  Cross,  commenced  business  on  west  side  Phillips  ave., 
between  0th  and  10th  streets;  sold  out  in  spring  of  1874. 

Phillips  &  Brown,  successors  to  Phillips  &  Cross,  established  in 
spring  of  1874.  sold  to  Buck  &  Bro.,  in  1878. 

I.  K.  Buck  &  Bro.,  successors  to  Phillips  &  Brown,  established 
September,  1878,  sold  to  Graves  &  Taylor  in  1870. 

Graves. &  Taylor,  successors  to  I.  K.  Buck  &  Bro.,  established 
March,  1879,  sold  to  Taylor  in  1881. 

F.  W.  Taylor,  successor  to  Graves  &  Taylor,  Howard  &  Taylor 
block,  corner  Phillips  ave.  and  lOtli  street,  established  June,  188] . 

W.  S.  Kimball,  established  July,  1873,  continued  about  a  year. 

T.  F.  Leavitt  &  Co.,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  north  of  9th  street, 
established  December,  1876,  had  grocery  stock  when  first  started; 
the  style  of  the  firm  has  been  changed  to  Leavitt  &  Vincent. 

E.  Larson,  west  side  Phillips  ave.,  south  of  9tli  street,  estab- 
lished April,  1877. 

H.  A.  Cadd,  established  April,  1876,  moved  to  Dell  Rapids  in 
1877. 

G.  W.  Howard,  established  June,  1878,  moved  away  in  1880. 

0.  S.  Swenson,  west  side  Pliillips  ave.,  between  9th  and  10th 
streets,  establislied  in  the  fall  of  1880. 

BT.ACKSMITHS,  WAGON    MAKERS,  &C. 

Z.  P.  Herrick,  blacksmith,  south  side  8th  street,  near  the  river, 
established  in  fall  of  1871. 

True  Dennis,  blacksmith,  established  in  1871,  continued  the 
business  until  1878. 

T.  H.  Pruner,  blacksmith,  established  September,  1877.  Shop 
was  first  located  on  9th  street  near  the  river,  thence  moved  to  near 
lOLh  street  bridge,  and  again  to  west  side  l^hillips  ave.,  near  7th 
street,  where  he  is  now  located. 


SIOUX    FALLS.  103 


W.  N.  Dillabougli,  wagon  shop,  established  in  1872;  continued 
until  1878. 

A.  Anderson,  8th  street,  east  side  of  river,  established  October, 
1878. 

E.  Jensou,  blacksmith,  east  side  of  river,  established  October, 
1878;  when  tirst  established  had  wagon  shop  in  connection,  lost  in 
flood  of  1881. 

Norton  &  Miu-ray,  brick  shop,  east  side  Phillips  ave.,  between 
9th  and  10th  streets,  established  November,  1878;  have  a  wagon 
shop  in  connection. 

Stringham  &  Gillett,  corner  10th  street  and  Island  ave.,  estab- 
lished Ma}',  1878;  Have  a  wagon  shop  in  connection. 

LUMBER. 

Wm.  Van  Eps  was  one  of  the  first  to  start  a  lumber  yard  in  Sioux 
Falls,  which  he  continued  until  the  spring  of  1874. 

Edwin  Sharpe&  Co.,  began  business  in  Sioux  Falls  in  ihe  sum- 
mer of  1872,  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Eighth  Streets.  Upon  the 
advent  of  the  railroad  the  yard  was  moved  to  the  east  side  near  the 
St.  Paul  depot,  where  they  still  continue  business, 

Roderick  &  Brown,  established  in  May,  1873;  corner  Phillips 
Avenue  and  Tenth  streets;  sold  out  in  spring  of  1874. 

B.  F.  Roderick,  successor  to  Roderick  &  Brown,  established  in 
sprnig  of  1874.  In  1878  removed  to  the  east  side  of  the  river,  at 
the  crossing  of  Eighth  street  and  Pembina  railroad.  His  entire 
stock  was  swept  over  the  falls  in  the  flood  of  April  1881.  The 
stock  recovered  was  sold  to  other  parties  and  Mr.  Roderick  now 
devotes  his  entire  attention  to  the  grain  business. 

Bates  &  Son,  near  Tenth  street  bridge,  established  in  January, 
1877;  stock  bought  by  Sharpe  &  Co.  in  1879. 

I.  N.  Waples,  Phillips  Avenue,  near  Seventh  street;  established 
in  spring  of  1878.  continued  about  a  juv. 

W.  R.  Bourne  (N.  C.  Foster  &  Co..)  e-  st  side:  established  Octo- 
ber 1878:  stock  bought  by  Sharpe  &  Co.,  in  1880. 

''Badger''  lumber  vard,  east  Eighth  street,  near  river;  established 
in  1880;  stock  lost  in  flood  of  1881. 

J.  W.  Parker  &  Son,  corner  Main  and  Seventh  streets;  established 
October,  1879. 

A.  A.  Grout,  Minneapolis  Lumberyard;  established  August,  1878; 
north  side  east  Eighth  street,  after  the  flood  of  April,  1881,  moved 
to  higher  ground  on  south  side  of  Eighth  street,  east  side,  where 
he  still  continues  business. 

H.  W.  Ross,  Oshkosh  yard;  Eighth  street,  east  side,  near  St.  Paul 
elevator,  established  September,  1880. 

COAL,  AVOOD,  LIME,  ETC. 

D.  A.  Brown  opened  a  coal  yard  and  lime  house  near  St.  Paul  el- 
evator, in  September  1878.  He  afterwards  sold  to  R.  G.  Parmley 
&Co. 


1C4  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

R.  G.  Pariiiley  &  Co.,  coal,  wood  and  lime,  near  St.  Paul  elevator; 
establisiied  November,  1878. 

VV.  C.  Boyce,  wood  and  coal,  also  dealer  in  carriages,  evstablished 
in  summer  of  1878.  In  November,  1878,  associated  with  D.  F. 
Scott,  under  tirm  name  of  Scott  &  Boyce,  and  included  flour  and 
feed.  October  1st,  1879,  firm  changed  to  Boyce,  Fairbanks  &  Co. 
Angust  1st,  1880,  firm  changed  to  W.  C.  Boyce  &  Co.— W.  C. 
Bovce  and  W.  H.  Br3^an — east  side  l^hillips  Avenue,  between  9th 
and  10th  streets. 

C.  F.  PUice  &  Co.,  wood  and  coal  in  connection  with  draying; 
established  in  spring  of  1880;  west  side  Phillips  Avenue,  corner 
11th  street; in  spring  of  ISSl,  yards  removed  to  7th  street,  near 
railroad  track. 

Smead  &  Alguire,  wood  and  coal;  east  side  Phillips  Avenue,  just 
south  of  10th  street;  established  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

A.  A.  Grout,  wood,  coal  and  lime  in  connection  with  lumber 
business;  established  in  fall  of  1878. 

E.  Sharpe  &  Co.,  Avood  and  coal  in  connection  with  lumberyard; 
established  in  1872. 

B.  F.  Roderick,  wood  and  coal  in  connection,  with  lumber  yard: 
established  in  fall  of  1878. 

AGEICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS. 

C.  K.  Howard,  establishei  this  part  of  his  business  in  1870. 
Wm.  VanEps.  established  in  1871. 

G.  C.  Lawton,  established  May,  187o,  continued  about  a  year. 

Skinner  &.  Austin,  established  May,  1873.  A.  J.  Skinner  suc- 
ceeded the  firm  in  1874,  and  continued  about  three  years. 

0.  &  K.  Thompson,  east  sid-?  Phillips  Ave.,  between  9th  and  10th 
streets;  established  June,  1875.  K.  Thompson  succeeded  the  firm 
in  June,  1878,  and  continues  the  business. 

Gilman  &  Dick,  established  in  sjtring  of  1877,  continued  about  a 
year. 

C.  M.  Bunce,  established  in  spring  of  1879;  continued  about  a 
year.  _ 

Stringliam  iK:  Gilett,  agricultural  implements  and  manufactur- 
ers of  wagons,  corner  Tenth  st.  and  Island  Avenue;  established 
May,  187'8. 

Norton  &  ]\[urray,  agricultural  implements  and  manufacturers 
of  wagons,  east  side  Phillips  Ave.,  near  10th  st.,  establishtd  No- 
vember, 1878. 

MVERY    STARLES. 

(Jallender  Bros.,  east  side  Phillips  Ave.,  near  8th  st.,  established 
in  s])ring  of  187;}.  sold  to  W.  E.  Willey  in  1880. 

W.  E.  Willey,  successor  to  (/allender  Bros.,  east  side  Phillips 
Ave.,  near  8th  st.,  established  in  spring  of  1880, 

P.  P.  Peck,  established  April,  1874,  east  side  Phillips  Avenue, 
north  of  Ninth  street.     Tn  1877  moved  south  about   a  block  on 


SIOUX    FALLS.  105 


same  street,  and  in  1879  moved  to  corner  Main  and    9th   streets, 
where  he  is  permmeiitly  located. 

Dodge  &  Carson,  established  September,  1878;  sold  to  P.  P.  Peck 
in  1879. 

Bersie  Bros.,  established  in  summer  1879;  continued  until   1881. 

J.  P.  Tufts,  miiu  street  near  Gth,  established  in  spring  of  1880, 
Queen  City  Livery  stables,  corner  Main  and  10th  streets, 
established  August,  1881,  by  Jac  Schaetzel,  Jr.,  is  a  model  liA^ery 
for  the  West.  The  building  is  40  by  72  feet,  two  stories  high. — 
The  first  story  contains  stalls  for  thirty  horses,  well,  mixing  troughs 
for  feed,  &c.  On  the  second  floor  is  the  carriage  room,  oftice,  sleep- 
ing room  for  the  hostler,  closets  for  robes,  &c.  The  third  floor  is 
for  hay  and  feed  and  furnishes  ample  room  for  storing  1,000  bushels 
of  oats,  four  or  five  tons  of  biMn  and  seventy  tons  of  hay,  besides 
room  for  machinefor  cutting  the  feed. 

LIFE  AND  FIRE  INSURANCE. 

Briggs  &  Robinson,  established  a  general  insurance  agency  in 
Sioux  Falls  in  February,  1879.  They  represent  fourteen  different 
companies  and  devote  their  entire  attention  to  the  business  of  in- 
surance.    Office  over  Post  Oflice. 

Geo.  W.  Lewis,  oflice  over  first  National  Bank,  established  in 
1879.     Does  a  general  insurance  and  loaning  business. 

The  various  professions  have  been  fully  represented  in  Sioux 
Falls  from  the  time  of  its  first  settlement.  We  give  filenames  and 
dates  of  the  establishment  of  the  ditferent  parties  in  chronological 
order  so  far  as  possible.  Unless  otherwise  specified,  they  are  still  in 
business  in  the  city: 

PHYSICIANS. 

J.  L.  Phillips,  summer  of  1869;  Joseph  Roberts,  fall  of  1872; 
removed  to  his  farm  in  1874,  died  in  1881.  J.  C.  Morgan,  May, 
1873;  S.  Olney,  Aug.,  1877.  Dr.  Olney  formed  a  partership  with 
L.  0.  Tanner,  in  spring  of  1879,  which  last  but  a  few  months.  Dr. 
Tanner  removing  from  the  city.  E.  P.  Allen,  April,  1878;  re- 
moved in  1880.  E.  Watson,  Sept.  1878;  A.  L.  Marcy,  April,  1879; 
H.  J.  Cate,  January,  1880,  moved  in  October,1880.  J.  B.  LeBlond, 
May,  1880;  Harry  Stites,  July,  1881. 

RESIDENT  DENTISTS. 

Peter  Bush,  spring  of  1878;  E.  Bedford,  Julv.  1881. 

LAND  AGENTS. 

A.  Gale,  fall  of  1871. 

T.  H.  Brown,  July,  1872. 

E.  A.  Sherman.  July,  1873. 
J.  D.  Cameron.  June,  1874. 

Jac  Schaetzel,  Jr.,  January,  1876. 

F.  S.  Emerson,  January,  1878. 
E.  E.  Sage,  December,  1878. 
L.  D  Henry,  October,  1880. 


106  HI.STi)KY    OF    .SOUTHKASTKKN    DAKOTA. 

In  this  connection  we  would  remark  that  all  the  attorneys  give 
more  or  less  of  their  attention   to  real  estate  business. 

ATTORNEYS. 

IJ.  F.  Pettigrew,  September,  1869. 

John  ]ii])})us.  May,  1870. 

W.  i\.  McLaurv,  October,  1870;  removed  June,  1876. 

M.  Grio-sby,  Juiv.  1872,  now  Grigsby  &  Wilkes., 

E.  G.  Wheeler. 'May,  1878;  removed"  in  "74. 

C.  H.  Winsor,  June,  1873. 

C.  J.  Hadley,  December,  1873;  removed  in  "74. 

T.  R.  Kershaw.  June,  1877;  now  Kersbuw  k  Flagg. 

C.  W.  McDonald,  June,  1877. 

A.  M.  Flagg,  Sept.  1877;  now  Sherman  &  Flagg. 

W.  W.  Brookings,  fall  of  1877. 

E.  Parliman,  fall  of  1877;  now  Parlimau  &  Frizzcll. 
L.  M.  Estabrook,  spring  of  1878. 

F.  L.  Boyce,  spring  of  1878. 

G.  P.  Cross,  April,  1878. 

J.  A.  Wilson,  June,  1878;  removed  in  1879. 
A.  Frizzell,  June.  1878.  now  Parliman  &  Frizzell. 
L.  C.  Hitchcock.  June,  1878,  removed  in  1880. 
Pv.  J.  Wells,  August.  1878. 

Wall  &  Disney,  October,  1878,  removed  April,  1879; 
W.  A.  Wilkes,  November.  1878.  now  Grigsby  &  Wilkes. 
L.  S.  Swezey,  fall  of  1879. 
E.  G.  Wright.  October,  1880. 
T.  J.  Wolf,  fall  of  1880. 
Bottum  &  Dawes,  fall  of  1880. 
Coughran  &  I^IcMartin,  fall  of  1880. 
Free  &  Polk,  fall  of  1880. 
Clark  &  Fairfax,  spring  of  1881. 
C.  H.  Wynn,  June,  1881. 

In  addition  to  the  business  here  enumerated,  Sioux   Falls  has  a 
full  (|uota  of  carpenters,  masons  and  workmen  in  all  the  trades. 


DELL  RAPIDS. 

Dell  Rapids  is  one  of  the  growing  and  substantial  towns  of  the 
Sioux  Valley,  with  a  well  developed  country  around  it,  and  with 
prospects  of  the  most  gratifying  certainty.  The  town  is  the  out- 
growth of  actual  necessity;  it  is  the  supply  which  a  demand  has 
created,  a  town  which  has  been  made  by  the  surrounding  country, 
and  which  has  kept  pace  with  the  settlement  of  the  agricultural 
community  from  which  it  derives  its  support.  As  nearly  every 
community  of  Dakota  has  at  least  one  prominent  natural  feature, 


1 


i 


DELL   RAPIDS.  107 


by  means  of  which  the  attention  of  tourists  is  attracted,  so  it  is 
with  Dell  Rapids,  the  town  itself  takino-  its  name  from  the  re- 
markable freak  of  Dame  Nature  in  clcse  proximity  which  is  every- 
where known  as 

THE    DELLS. 

A  visit  to  this  picturesque  locality  will  well  repay  the  lover  of 
the  strange  aud  beautiful.  The  Dells  have  l)een  aptly  termed  the 
safety-valves  of  the  water-power  at  Dell  Rapids.  Beginning  at  a 
break  in  the  Big  Sioux  River,  on  the  south  bank,  opposite  the 
town,  at  first  the  Dells  present  the  appearance  of  a  rivulet  flowing 
out  of  the  main  body  of  water,  taking  a  circuitous  direction  to  re- 
unite with  the  parent  stream  some  two  and  one-half  miles  further 
along  its  eccentric  course.  Yet  only  in  the  higher  stages  of  its 
waters  does  the  Sioux  overflow  the  dam  across  the  aperture  be- 
tween itself  and  the  Dells,  and  it  becomes  instantly  apparent  that 
it  is  not  from  the  river  that  this  peculiar  branch,  which  is  not  a 
branch,  obtains  its  water  supply.  Investigation  determines  that 
the  Dells  are  fed  by  invisible  springs,  indefinite  in  number  and 
indefinable  in  volume,  which  maintain  in  the  bed  of  this  curious 
stream  an  average  depth  of  about  eleven  feet,  although  a  much 
greater  depth  is  found  in  vjrious  places.  As  you  progress  along 
the  banks  of  the  Dells,  you  notice  increasing  accumulations  of  the 
well  known  Big  Sioux  quartzite  in  its  dull  red  and  leaden  colors; 
the  banks  grow  more  and  more  precipitous;  the  rocks  are  heaped 
strata  upon  strata  in  immeasurable  quantities,  and  take  on  fantastic 
shapes  and  unreal  formations;  the  Dells  deepen  into  a  gorge,  far 
down  into  the  bottom  of  which  the  waters,  taking  their  hues  from 
the  sky  above  them,  creep  along  in  almost  imperceptible  ripples. 
Overhead,  pile  on  pile,  hangs  the  rugged  quartzite,  shelving  out 
over  the  liquid  blue  beneath:  in  the  sides  of  the  rocky  banks  in- 
numerable swallows  build  their  nests,  while  above  them  shrubbery 
cling?'  and  cacti  grow,  seemingly  nurtured  in  a  soil  of  adamant. 
Perhaps  the  highest  perpendicular  point,  from  the  summits  of  the 
overhanging  rocks  to  the  waters  below,  is  very  nearly  forty-five 
feet;  but  so  precipitous  is  the  descent,  and  so  grotesquely  wild  the 
aspect,  that  it  is  no  wonder  the  majority  of  tourists  report  the 
height  much  greater.  Descending  a  fissure,  gazing  down  which 
descent  seemed  impossible,  the  writer  pushed  off  in  a  rude  canoe 
and  paddled  for  some  distance  under  the  overshadowing  banks. 
Here,  indeed,  looking  upward,  the  impression  was  intensified,  and 


lOS  HISTORY    OF    SOL'THKASTEKN    DAKOTA 

t  was  possible  to  imagine  the  gigantic  forces  which  in  some  grand 
upheaval  had  turn  these  banks  apart  and  given  to  them  with  whim- 
sical violence  their  strangely  weird  formations. 

The  town  itself  is  located  on  the  north  bank  of  the  river,  upon 
a  gradually  ascending  upland.  The  townsite  as  ultimately  agreed 
upon  is  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  9,  town  lOi,  range  49, 
and  is  distant  about  twenty  miles  north  of  Sioux  Falls. 

The  year  1871  witnessed  the  beginning  of  the  settlement.  In 
that  year  Dennis  Rice,  Byron  D.  Graves,  Cash  Coates,  Gilbert 
Rice,  E.  F.  Metcalf,  Peter  Morse,  R.  S.  Alexander  and  Albion 
Thorn e,  recognizing  the  advantages  of  the  location,  took  meas- 
ures for  the  acquisition  of  property  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Dells. 
Complications  which  grew  out  of  the  disposition  of  the  claim  con- 
taining the  present  mill-site,  in  no  small  measure  affected  the 
future  of  Dell  Rapids,  which  but  for  divers  and  sundry  circumstances 
would  in  all  probability  have  been  the  County  Seat  of  Minnehaha 
County,  as  it  was  advantageously  located  with  reference  to  the 
county  limits  at  that  time.  Out  of  these  and  other  complications 
grew  a  contest  as  to  what  should  be  the  townsite  of  the  future 
city,  four  different  sites  being  laid  out  in  1872,  the  owner  of  each 
of  which  zealously  strove  for  his  own  interests  as  against  the 
others,  which  rivalry,  while  grounded  in  human  nature  and  justi- 
fiable from  an  individual  standpoint,  nevertheless  could  not  fail  to 
have  its  effect  upon  the  growth  of  the  vigorous  young  community. 
Happily,  the  matter  was  finally  compromised  in  1875,  by  which 
compromise  two  of  the  four  townsites  were  consolidated  and  the 
other  two  abandoned. 

In  the  winter  of  1871  an  order  to  commence  mail  service  at  the 
Dells  on  the  1st  of  January,  1872,  was  received.  Albion  Thorne 
was  appointed  Postmaster.  As  evidence  of  the  scanty  population 
at  that  time,  it  may  he  mentioned  that  it  required  the  entire  num- 
ber of  male  inhabitants  to  furnish  the  requisite  bondsmen  and 
assistants  for  the  Postmaster.  Lewis  Hewlitt  was  the  first  mail 
carrier  on  the  route  from  Sioux  Falls.  Hewlitb  made  his  first  aj)- 
pearance  in  that  capacity  on  the  25th  of  December,  1871.  On 
that  day  the  entire  population  of  the  settlement  ate  Christmas 
dinner  at  the  house  of  Postmaster  Thorne.  The  company  num- 
bered thirteen  in  all,  and  was  composed  of  the  following  persons: 
Albion  Thorne,  wife  and  daughter;  Dennis  Rice,  wife  and  daughter; 


DELL    RAPIDS.  109 


R.  S.  Alexander  and  daughter,  E.  F.  Metcalf,  Geo.  Forrester,  R. 
T.  Alexander,  Lewis  Hewlitt  and  a  Mr.  Hooke. 

Hewlitt  carried  the  mails  first  on  foot;  afterwards,  during  the 
snowy  weather,  in  an  Indian  cutter  made  of  ash  poles  and  cotton- 
wood  boards;  and  when  the  snow  disappeared,  on  foot  and  on 
horseback  alternately.  The  mail  was  carried  in  a  grain  sack.  In 
the  spring  Thorne  moved  the  postoffice  to  his  claim  on  the  south- 
east quarter  of  section  4.  The  office  was  in  fact  kept,  during  the 
eighteen  months  of  Mr.  Thome's  service  as  Postmaster,  in  a  small 
trunk,  which  he  still  preserves  a^  an  interesting  souvenir  of  the 
tintie.  The  Postmaster's  salary  for  the  first  eighteen  months 
amounted  to  the  magnificent  sum  of  eighteen  dollars.  Byron  D. 
Graves  succeeded  Mr.  Thorne  as  Postmaster.  The  settlement  was 
at  first  called  Dell  City,  the  name  of  the  postoffice  being  simply 
Dell,  The  name  of  the  toAvn  was  changed  to  Dell  Rapids  in  1872, 
which  name  the  Postoffice  Department  also  adopted  in  the  follow- 
ing year. 

In  1871  the  first  paper  was  printed  by  J.  C.  Ervin.  It  was  called 
the  Dell  City  Journol,  was  printed  at  Webster  City,  Iowa,  and 
issued  at  Dell  Rapids,  or  Dell  City,  as  it  was  then  called.  Albion 
Thorne  was  the  local  editor.  Ervin  moved  to  Dell  Rapids  in  1872, 
and  the  paper  was  continued  until  some  time  in  1873,  when  Ervin 
moved  to  Marshall,  Minn.  From  that  time  no  paper  was 
printed  at  Dell  Rapids  until  February,  1879,  when  E.  C.  Whalen 
began  the  publication  of  the  Dell  Rapids  Exponent.  Whalen  ran 
the  paper  for  a  period  of  seven  months,  when  Albion  Thorne  suc- 
ceeded as  editor  and  proprietor.  On  the  first  of  January,  1880, 
Mr.  Thorne  sold  the  paper  to  Charles  E.  Griswold,  the  present 
editor  and  proprietor.  The  Exponent.,  as  conducted  by  Mr.  Gris- 
wold, is  what  ^ts  name  indicates,  being  a  neat,  ncAvsy  publication, 
and  a  clear  and  creditable  exponent  of  the  necessities  and  opinions 
of  its  constituency. 

The  first  store  in  Dell  Rapids  was  established  by  Byron  D.  Graves 
in  1873,  "on  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  nine.  A  Mr.  Cowen, 
also  built  a  store  in  the  following  year,  which  store  was  shortly  va- 
catedby  reason  of  his  death.  Gust.  A.  Uline  came  to  Dell  Rapids,  in 
February,  1874,  and  took  possession  of  the  store  vacated  by  Cowen. 
In  May,  1874,  John  E.  Halleck,  Graves  and  Lukens  united  in 
business  near  the  mill-site,  opposite  Uline's  establishment.  In  the 
fall  of   1874  M.  C.  Lyons  purchased  the  store   of  Halleck,  Graves 


110  IIISTOICY    OF    SOUTIIKASTKUN    DAKOTA. 

and  Lukens,  and  moved  it  to. its  present  location,  it  being  the 
building  now  occupied  by  F.  E.  Huntington  as  a  flour  and  feed 
store.  This  was  for  some  time  the  first  and  only  store  on  the  pres- 
ent townsite.  Two  years  afterwards  Mr.  Uline  moved  his  estab- 
lishment to  its  present  location. 

In  1872  Frank  C.  Rice  commenced  to  build  the  first  installment 
of  the  Dell  Rapids  Flouring  Mill,  which  he  sold  in  1874,  to  Wil- 
liam VanEps,  of  Sioux  Falls,  for  $9,000.  This  mill  forms  one  of 
the  leading  industries  of  Dell  Rapids,  and  although  seriously  dam- 
aged by  the  floods  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year,  Jias  Ijeen  re- 
built and  improved  until  it  is  now  in  first-class  condition,  fully  up 
to  the  requirements  of  the  tiuies,  and  turning  out  large  quantities 
of  number  one  flour. 

A  bridge  over  the  river,  which  had  been  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,500, 
was  also  washed  away  by  the  floods,  and  has  been  replaced  by  a 
structure  which,  although  costing  a  much  smaller  sum.  neverthe- 
less answers  the  purpose  sufficiently  well. 

The  first  means  of  crossing  the  Big  Sioux,  established  for  th" 
convenience  of  the  traveling  public,  wa?  a  small  boat,  at  first  bor- 
rowed, and  subsequently  purchased  by  Thorne  and  others.  After- 
Avards,  in  1S74,  a  ferry  was  establisliel.  a  boat  with  suflicn'ent  ca- 
pacity to  carry  teams  being  built  by  subscription.  This  ferry  was 
run  uu*^il  the  construction  of  the  large  bridge  in  1877.  Thomas 
Lyons  was  the  ferryman. 

in  the  fall  of  1871  a  dam  wis  built  across  the  rivt>r  where  the 
flouring  mill  now  stands,  and  a  saw  mill  was  erected, which  remained 
three  or  four  years.  At  tlrj  first  settlement  of  Dell  Rapids  the 
banks  of  the  river  in  the  vicinity  were  skirted  with  timber,  which 
has  since  disappeared  in  compliance  with  that  principle  of  utility 
which  sacrifices  everything  b-autiful  for  the  unroniantically  prac- 
tical. 

In  1875  J.  R.  Richardson  entered  into  the  agricultural  imple- 
ment business  at  Dell  Rapids,  which  fact  has  not  a  little  to  do  with 
the  growth  of  the  community,  as  through  his  instrumentality  at 
first,  supplemented  by  other  enterprising  dealers  who  came  later, 
the  farmers  were  placed  in  possession  of  the  improved  imjdements 
of  husbandry.  Mr.  Rlehardson  was  also  for  a  time  interested  in 
the  lumber  trade. 

An  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  the  spring  of  1877,  estab- 
lished a  Territorial  road  from  the  Minnesota  State  line  through  to 


DELL    RAPIDS.  Ill 


Fb.  Thompson,  by  the  way  of  Dell  Rapids  and  Madison.  Dell 
Rapids  subscribed  liberally  to  the  project  and  caused  the  survey  of 
the  road.  The  survey  was  conducted  by  Albion  Thorn e  as  far  as 
Herman,  and  by  R.  iS.  Alexander  thence  to  Ft.  Thompson.  The 
object  of  this  road  was  to  open  up  communicatio)!  to  the  Black 
Hills,  and  the  highway  was  of  considerable  importance  to  Dell 
Rapids  until  the  cominc^  of  the  railroad.  Alexander  and  Thome 
juade  a  preliminary  survey  to  Pipestone,  Minn.,  as  early  as  1875, 
to  ascertain  the  advantages  of  the  route  for  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Division  of  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  Co.  The  first  train 
reached  Dell  Rapids  from  Flandreau  on  the  ITth  of  September, 
1880.  and  connections  were,  during  the  present  season  per- 
fected througli  to  Sioux  Falls.  The  town  of  Dell  Rapids  issued 
bonds  to  the  amount  of  $12,500  in  aid  of  this  road. 

There  are  two  large  grain  elevators  at  Dell  Rapids  owned  and 
operated  by  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  firms,  and  the  lumber  interests,  which 
are  extensive,  are  controlled  by  the  firms  of  Drew  Bros.,  John  Paul 
and  W.  F.  Coleman. 

The  Dell  Rapids  Bank  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  commercial  ne- 
cessities of  the  present  year,  and  was  established  by  Messrs.  Mc- 
Kinney  &  Scougall.  of  Sioux  Falls  and  Yankton.  Mr.  Geo.  H. 
Johnson  is  Cashier. 

The  population  of  Dell  Rapids  is  variously  estimated  at  from 
♦^>00  to  80(>.  Its  growth  of  late  has  been  of  much  greater  rapidity 
than  for  a  number  of  years  past.  The  town  was  incorporated  un- 
der special  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  1879. 

CHURCHES.  SCHOOLS   AXD  SOCIETIES. 

The  Baptist  Chuichof  Dell. Rapids  was  organized  in  July.  1872, 
and  has  a  roomy  chiirjh  edifice.  The  organization  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  was  effected  in  the  spring  of  1873.  This  society 
also  has  an  appropriate  building.  The  Episcopal  Society  occupies 
Episcopal  Hall,  and  was  organized  in  the  winter  of  1880-81.  The 
Presbyterian  Society,  organized  in  August,  1872.  has  an  edifice  in 
process  of  completion,  as  has  also  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Society 
of  recent  organization. 

The  Union  Sunday  School,  organized  in  the  winter  of  1872,  was 
continued  until  1880,  all  denominations  uniting,  and  was  very 
largely  attended.  It  continues  to  be  successfully  held,  although 
in  1880,  the  Baptist  Society  organized  a  separate  and  flourishing 
Sabbath  School,  the  number  of  whose  pupils  is  117.     Peter  Morse 


112  HISTORY    OF    S0rTHEA8TERX    DAKOTA. 


is  Superintendent  of  the  Baptist,  and  E.  S.  Tresidders  Superintend- 
ent oi:  the  Union  Su  iday  School  organization. 

An  attempt  was  m  ide  to  build  a  school  house  as  early  as  1872. 
The  building.  Avhich  was  to  be  of  stone,  was  to  be  paid  for  by  sub- 
scriptions to  the  amount  of  Si. 50  per  each  male  resident  of  the 
district,  either  in  money,  materials  or  labor.  The  subscriptions, 
however,  were  not  forthcoming,  the  work  being  thrown  on  the. 
hands  of  the  contractors  and  never  completed.  In  1875  a  second 
and  successful  attempt  was  made,  the  structure  being  erected  on 
the  credit  of  the  district.  Since  the  erection  of  the  present  school 
building,  the  educational  facilities  have  been  excellent,  and  a  very 
satisfactory  grade  has  been  maintained.  Mrs.  C.  A.  Codington  is 
the  Principal. 

Dell  Rapids  Lodge,  No.  8, 1.  0,  0.  F. — This  lodge  was  instituted 
May  23d,  1876,  by  William  Blatt  assisted  by  Ralph  R.  Briggs  and 
Zini  Richey,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  having  a  member- 
ship of  over  thirty.  The  Lodge  built  a  new  hall,  twentv-two  by 
sixty  feet  in  dimensions,  in  1880.  The  applicants  for  charter  were 
W.  B.  Parker,  Thomas  Lyons,  Wm.  M.  Carr  and  Geo.  W.  Hoyt. 
Present  officers:  M.  R.  Kenefick,  N.  G.:  W.  B.  Parker,  V.  G.;  0. 
H.  Smith,  F.  S.;  L.  N.  Loomis,  R.  S.;  Albion  Thorne.  Treasurer. 

Dell  Rapids  Lodge  No.  8,  L  0.  G.  T.— Instituted  in  March,  1881; 
has  a  membership  of  about  one  hundred,  which  number  composed 
its  charter  membership.  Present  officers:  W.  B.  Parker,  W.  C; 
Mrs.  Mary  Thorne,  V.  C;  Eber  Wilde,  F.  S.;  C.  E.  Griswold,  R. 
S.;  Eugenie  Parker,  Treasurer;  C.  W.  Shelton,  Chaplain. 

OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY. 

President  of  Council — Gust.  A.  Uline. 

Councilmen— Gust.  A.  Uline,  C.  S.  Gifford,  Georg.3  HeywoDd,  .Tnlius  A.  Mar- 
tin, 0.  H.  Smith. 

Clerk — Lewis  Loomis. 

Treasurer — Henry  A.  Cadd. 

Attornei/ — Albion  Thorne. 

Justice  of  the  Peace — Thomas  Lyons. 

RUSIXKSS    DIRECTORY. 

i^rt«^•— McKinney  A:  Scougal,  G.  H.  Johnson,  Cashier. 
Attorneiis—n-iOx-nQ  &  Bolster,  Wright  &  Hall,  M.  K.  Kenefick. 
Phi/sicians—W.  B.  Parker,  0.  0.  Sawyer. 
Dentist — J.  E.  Nutting. 

General  Merchandise— Gnat.  A.  Uline,  Geo.  Heywootl,  Geo.  Whitnian.  Cross- 
man  Bros.,  John  Naughten. 
Neu\<ipaper—De\\  Rapids  Exponent.  C.  E.  Griswold,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 


DELL  RAPIDS.  113 


Drucjgists — Henry  Cobb,  Henry  A.  Cadd. 

Clothing,  Etc. — J.  S.  k  J.  C.  Lee. 

Hardware — John  F.  Scriver,  C.  J.  Johnson. 

Agricultural  Implements — C.  J.  Johnson,  John  F.  Scriver,  J.  R.  Richardson. 

Harness  Shops. — Loomis  &  Nisbet,  S.  E.  Tresidder. 

Postmaster. — A.  C.  Folsoni. 

Furniture. — Edgar  A.  Harvey,  L.  C.  Harriny-ton  &  Son. 

Wagon  Works. — L.  C.  Harrhigton  &  Son. 

Restaurants. — R.  W.  Harper,  E.  A.  Richardson. 

Jeweler. — R.  A.  Knight. 

Lirerg.—ioh.n  F.  Demeree,  M.  W.  k  W.  D.  Richardson. 

Milliner  If. — Hager  &  Nisbet. 

Lumber. — C.  L.  Coleman,  C.  S.  GifFord,  Agent;  John  Paul,  E.  R.Jones,  Agent; 
Drew  Bros,  Eber  Wilde,  Agent. 

Hotels. — Merchants,  Albion  Thome;  Western  Hotel,  S.II.  Burke;  Exchange, 
V.  A.  Potter. 

Saloons. — Mike  E.  Collins,  Win.  G.  Driscoll,  Cornelius  Johnson. 

Elerators.—Curgill  Bros.,  R.  Stowell,  Agent;  Bonner  &  Hodges,  Scott  Stew- 
art, Agent. 

Flouring  Mills.— Wm.  VanEps. 

Depot  Agent. — F.  F.  Powers. 

Drni/s.—M.  C.  Lyons,  M.  F.  Coville. 

Butchers. — W.  C.  Putnam,  Remington  Bros. 

SJioemal-er. — B.  D.  Graves. 

Blacksmith. — L.  S.  Winsor. 

Barber. — Mac.  Culbertson. 

Flour  and  Feed. — W.  F.  Huntington. 

Sewing  Machines, — Mrs.  E.  A.  Ervin. 

Photographer. — L.  V.  Bean. 

Painters. — Siim  Averill,  John  E.  Hoyt. 

Masons. — A.  Pitzer,  R.  D.  Hickman,  John  J.  Hoyt,  Joseph  E.  Davis. 

Carpenters. — I.  F.  Angstad. 

Boarding  House. — B.  D.  Woodruff. 


VALLEY  SPRINGS.  * 

The  township  of  Valley  Springs  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Red 
Rock  Township,  on  the  west  by  Brandon  Township,  on  the  east  by 
Minnesota,  on  the  south  by  Iowa,  and  contains  twenty-four  sec- 
tions of  land.  The  village  of  Valley  Springs  is  located  on  the 
northwest  quarter  of  section  three,  and  the  land  whereon  it  is  lo- 
cated wa5  pre-empted  by  J.  Dunham,  M.  L.  Wood  and  Miss  Nancy 
Merchant,  the  land  occupied  by  the  present  townsite  having  been 
owned  by  Miss  Merchant. 

In  June,  1872,  a  small  fi'ame  building  was  erected,  the  lumber 
being  brought  by  ox-teams  from  Worthington,  Minn.,  which  build- 


114  UISTOKY    OF    SOrillKASTERN    DAKOTA. 

i  IS  stood  where  the  residence  of  D.  B  Cook  now  is,  and  was  built 
by  Messrs.  Dunham  and  Wood,  who  first  arrived  at  this  point  by 
stage  from  AVorthington  to  Sioux  Falls,  passing  through  the  fu- 
ture town  of  Valley  Springs,  May  2J:th,  1872.  The  laud  was  pre- 
empted by  these  gentlemen,  June  10th,  of  that  year,  lumber  being 
immediately  procured  with  which  to  build  their  residence.  The 
first  land  broken,  was  by  M.  L.  Wood,  for  garden  purposes,  during 
June.  During  the  summer  of  1872,  one  hundred  acres  of  land  were 
broken.  Shortly  afterwards,  a  claim  was  taken  up  by  Edson 
Wheeler  in  section  four. 

Application  was  immediately  made  for  a  postoffice,  but  a  com- 
mission was  not  received  until  January  1st,  1873.  The  selection 
of  a  name  was  made  by  Mr.  Wood,  who,  by  reason  of  the  beautiful 
valley  in  which  they  had  "  pitched  their  tents,"  and  the  great 
number  of  springs  which  it  contained,  decided  upon  the  name  of 
"the  valley  of  springs,"  or  Valley  Springs.  J.  Dunham  was  ap- 
pointed Postmaster,  which  position  he  held  one  year,  the  postoffice 
being  kept  at  his  residence.  A.  C.  Stone  was  the  second  Postmas- 
ter, the  postoffice  being  moved  to  his  residence,  and  subsequently 
located  at  the  store  of  Stone  &  Howe,  whence  it  was  afterwards 
moved  to  McLauren's  store,  P.  E.  Howe  being  appointed  Postmas- 
ter. Mr.  Howe  was  succeeded  by  Alfred  Larson  in  1876,  and  occu- 
pied the  position  until  July,  1880,  when  Charles  Olson,  present 
Postmaster,  was  appointed. 

H.  P.  Ljunggren  and  C.  M.  Johnson  located  on  section  thirty- 
three  in  town  102,  range  47, — now  known  as  R  ?d  Rock,  about 
one-fourth  mile  from  the  village  of  Valley  Springs — May  4th,  1872, 
taking  each  a  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  Mr.  L.  also 
took  a  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  for  Ole  Oleson  in  sec- 
tion four,  Mr.  J.  taking  a  like  claim  in  the  same  section  for  G. 
Anderson.  In  August,  1872,  Mr.  L.  built  a  sod  house  on  his  claim, 
as  did  also  Mr.  Johnson,  the  former  breaking  forty  acres  during 
that  summer,  and  the  latter  twenty  acres. 

The  first  election  was  held  at  the  residence  of  Loren  Burgenson, 
near  Split  iiock  River,  during  the  fall  of  1873. 

The  first  school  held  at  Valley  Spriugs,  was  begun  during  the 
summer  of  1874,  in  a  house  bought  by  the  citizens  of  School  Dis- 
trict No.  15,  of  G.  Hemsley,  and  was  taught  by  Ida  Shafer.  The 
present  school  building  was  erected  in  the  summer  of  1878.  at  a 
cost  of  '$1,600,  and  is  a  fine  two-story  structure. 


VALLEY    SPRINGS.  115 


The  first  store  was  established  by  A.  C.  Stone  and  P.  E.  Howe, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Stone  &  Howe,  and  was  opened  in  the  fall 
of  1873,  in  the  building  now  used  by  Geo.  E.  Henton  as  a  resi- 
dence. Stone  &  Howe  used  this  building  as  a  store  about  two 
years.  The  next  store  started  was  by  L.  F.  McLaurin,  of  Wor- 
thington,  Minn.,  in  a  building  located  where  George  E.  Henton's 
blacksmith  shop  now  stands,  and  which  is  now  used  as  a  harness 
shop,  on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad.  Alfred  Larson  was  installed 
as  manager,  and  conducted  the  establishment  two  years.  The 
building  was  then  sold,  and  the  goods  sent  to  Mankato,  Minn. 

Social  gatherings  at  Valley  Springs  were  inaugurated  at  the  res- 
idence of  A.  C.  Stone,  about  the  first  of  August,  1873,  in  honor  of 
the  completion  of  the  building.  About  ninety  people,  of  whom 
sixty-five  were  adults,  participated  in  the  festivities  of  the  occasion. 

June  28,  1874,  the  first  marriage  at  Valley  Springs  was  solemn- 
ized, the  contracting  parties  being  Mr.  Perry  E.  Howe  and  Miss 
Prances  H.  Acker,  Rsv.  J.  W.  Rigb}^  a  Methodist  minister,  being 
the  officiating  clergyman.  The  first  birth  was  that  of  a  daughter 
to  John  C.  and  Martha  Shepard. 

C.  0.  Remming  opened  the  first  blacksmith  shop,  16  by  20 
feet  in  dimensions,  on  the  north  side  of  the  railroad,  in  May,  1876. 
A  blacksmith  shop  was  also  established  by  Geo.  E.  Henton  in  1879. 
Edson  Wheeler  established  the  first  harness  and  saddlery  store,  a 
like  establishment  being  also  opened  by  W.  W.  Bell  in  November, 
1880. 

Mr.  Ljutiggren  completed  the  erection  of  his  hardware  store  in 
August,  1878.  The  establishment  is  20  by  50  feet  in  dimensions, 
and  is  two  stories  high,  the  first  story  being  used  for  the  require- 
ments of  the  business,  the  second  story  for  dwelling  apartments. 

The  Congregational  Church  of  Valley  Springs  was  organized  in 
the  summer  of  1878,  the  first  Trustees  being  J.  R.  Jackson,  F.  C. 
Bell  and  D.  B.  Cook.  There  were  eighteen  members  at  the  time 
of  organization.  Rev.  J.  A.  Palmer  was  installed  as  the  pastor. 
Services  were  first  held  in  Larson's  Hall.  Since  1879,  the  Society 
has  used  the  upper  story  of  the  present  school  building. 

Alfred  Larson  and  P.  Zimmerman  erected  the  building  occupied 
by  Zimmerman  &  Co.,  during  the  fall  of  1878.  This  building  is 
22  by  40  feet  in  dimensions,  two  stories  high,  the  lower  story  u^ed 
as  a  tt  jre,  with  an  addition  also  so  used,  and  the  upper  story  used 
as  a  dwelling-. 


ll.T  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

The  Valley  Springs  Cemetery  Association  was  organized  May 
2d,  1879,  and  is  located  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  three, 
town  102,  range  17,  containing  ten  acres.  Its  officers  are:  D.  B. 
Cook,  President;  George  Cassady,  Sec'y;  J.  E.  Hallett,  Treasurer. 

The  village  plat  was  surveyed  and  completed  by  D.  B.  Cook  in 
1878. 

The  Central  House,  located  on  Broadway,  was  built  in  1878,  be- 
ing used  as  a  private  residence  one  year,  when  it  was  bought  by 
Grove  Hemsley  and  conducted  as  a  boarding  house  until  1880.  In 
1881,  an  addition  was  constructed  and  the  house  assumed  hotel 
proportions,  having  now  eleven  rooms,  to  which  additions  will  be 
made  in  accordance  with  the  necessary  demands  of  trade. 


LAKE  COUNTY. 

The  topography  of  Lake  County  is  nothing  if  not  picturesque. 
The  county  takes  its  name  from  the  number  of  beautiful  sheets  of 
water  within  its  borders.  Its  first  occupancy  by  white  settlers  dates 
from  1871,  its  organization  as  a  county  from  1873.  Its  early  colo- 
nization was  attended  with  many  difficulties  and  hardships,  to  the 
enhancement  of  which  the  facetious  red  man  contributed  not  a  lit- 
tle. The  degenerate  sons  of  the  once  warlike  Sioux  are  sparsely 
scattered  through  the  county,  living  by  hunting  and  fishing,  and 
now  thoroughly  subservient  to  the  dominant  race.  Until  within 
a  few  years  their  escapades  were  by  no  means  infrequent,  but  the 
increasing  tide  of  white  immigration  here  as  elsewhere  has  ])roved 
too  much  for  them.  One  of  the  characteristic^instancesof  the  ab- 
original lack  of  sand  was  when  AVilliam  Lee,  an  old  settler  of  Lake 
County,  was  intercepted  by  an  Indian  riding  a  wild  pony  and  with 
a  rifle  duly  cocked  for  the  occasion.  Biding  in  front  of  Mr.  Lee, 
Lo  made  significant  motions  with  his  weapon,  accompanied  by  an 
unearthly  "  Ugh  ! '"  Lee  promptly  presented  a  Colt's  revolver, 
hirge-size.     "You  no  'fraid  Ingin?"  queried  the  savage.     "  Notify 

a"'  Well  not  by  what  a  professor  of  chemistry  would  call 

a  "notable  quantity,"  was  the  intent  and  meaning  of  Lee's  em- 
phatic reply.  '"  H — 1,  Ingin  just  make  fun  !  "  returned  the  noble 
red  man,  as  he  clapped  heels  to  the  flanks  of  his  pony  and  rap- 
idly disappeared  from  view. 

The  nutritive  properties  of  the  native  grasses  are  said  to  be  re- 
markable.    Instances  are  related  of  early  settlers  Avho,   arriving 


DELL   RAPIDS.  117 


after  the  grass  had  been  killed  by  the  frost,  cut  it  in  its  perfectly 
dead  condition  and  brought  their  cattle  safely  through  the  winter 
on  this.  Isolated  from  markets  and  deprived  of  the  means  of  dis- 
posing of  their  crops,  the  hardy  pioneers  for  some  years  turned 
their  attention  to  hunting  and  trapping,  which  furnished  means 
of  livelihood  and  profitable  employment.  In  the  winter  the  scanty 
population  devoted  themselves  to  fishing,  tons  of  fish  being  taken 
from  the  lakes  and  hauled  to  the  various  towns  on  the  Missouri, 
principally  to  Yankton  and  Sioux  City,  where  they  met  with  ready 
sale  at  good  prices. 

Sioux  City  was  the  principal  trading  point  in  those  days,  from 
which  flour  and  other  provisions  were  hauled.  A  neighborhood  in 
those  times  included  a  circuit  of  fifty  miles  or  more,  and  dances  and 
merry-makings  drew  attendance  from  within  the  radius  of  a  day's 
journey.  The  citizens  of  Lake  County  no  longer  patronize  Sioux 
City,  and  the  days  of  hunting,  trapping  and  fishing  as  distinctive 
occupations  are  already  well  nigh  forgotten.  The  surpassing  beauty 
and  fertility  of  the  prairies  surrounding  the  chain  of  lakes  in  the 
central  part  of  the  county,  together  with  the  rare  loveliness  of  the 
lakes  themselves,  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  drawing  the  nucleus 
of  the  present  population  around  their  shores,  and  thus  the  work 
of  colonization  and  development  began  to  progress  with  astonishing- 
vigor  and  enterprise.  The  population  of  Lake  county  quadrupled 
in  1878;  its  present  population  is  about  4,500.  The  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  Americans  from  adjoining  Western  States,  with  a  scattering 
number  of  Scandinavians  and  Grermaus,  the  latter  largely  from  the 
vicinity  of  Milwaukee,  and  from  an  enterprising  anl  thrifty  class 
of  citizens  who  have  made  extensive  investments. 

The  chain  of  lakes  is  a  notable  feature  which  should  not  be 
passed  by  without  uiore  than  mere  mention.  They  intersect  the 
county  from  the  western  boundary  nearly  to  the  line  of  McCook 
County  on  the  southeast,  finding  an  outlet  thx'ough  a  stream  which 
bears  the  euphonious  name  of  Skunk  Creek,  and  finally  blend  with 
the  waters  of  the  Big  Sioux  a  short  distance  above  Sionx  Falls. 
These  lakes  vary  in  dimensions  from  one  mile  in  width  and 
six  miles  in  length  to  small  bodies  covering  but  a  few  acres.  All 
are  fed  by  springs,  the  banks  of  some  showing  within  a  few 
paces  an  equal  number  of  trickling  streams  flowing  in  equal 
volumes  throughout  summer  and  winter,  thus  giving  to  the  water 
unequaled  purity.     The   depth    of  the  lakes  varies  from  eight  to 


lis  HISTORY    OF   80UTHEASTEKX    JIAKOTA. 

thirty  feet,  from  eight  to  ten  feet  being  the  average.  There  are 
great  variety  and  unlimited  abundance  of  fish  peculiar  to  fresh 
water.  These  attain  a  size  and  weight  positively  astonishing  to 
one  unacquainted  with  the  waters  of  Dakota.  Pickerel  weighing 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  pounds  and  buffalo  fish  weighing  from  fifty 
to  seventy  pounds  have  been  caught,  and  in  certain  seasons  a 
wagon  load  offish  is  not  considered  an  unusual  day's  catch. 

Aside  from  the  beauty  of  the  lakes,  the  abundance  of  fish  and 
wild  fowl  in  spring  and  autumn,  in  addition  to  the  sport  which 
they  afford  and  the  ornamentation  which  they  give  to  a  locality 
otherwise  picturesque,  they  are  vastly  more  beneficial  to  the  country 
than  would  be  an  equal  extent  of  arable  lands;  for  as  every  ravine 
and  creek  within  a  large  tract  surrounding  them  slope  towards  their 
beds,  the  drainage  of  the  county  through  their  agency  is  made  per- 
fect, while  to  the  herds  of  live  stock  which  graze  upon  the  prairies 
in  their  vicinity,  the  advantage  of  pure  water  and  plentiful  shade 
along  the  banks  of  the  lakes  can  not  be  overestimated.  Scattered 
through  the  county  are  tracts  of  land,  apparently  dry  beds  of  for- 
mer lakes  and  ponds,  which,  although  unfitted  for  agriculture,  by 
reason  of  periodical  overflows,  form  a  series  of  natural  meadows 
producing  an  excellent  quality  of  nutritive  wild  grass.  It  will  be 
observed  from  the  above  that  the  facilities  for  profitable  stock 
raising,  as  well  as  remunerative  agriculture  are  exceptionally  good. 

The  present  county  officers  of  Lake  County  are:  L.  M.  Coon, 
E.  B.  Stacy,  P.  Zimmerman,  Commissioners;  J.  A.  Trow,  Register 
of  Deeds;  A.  McKay,  Treasurer;  A.  Fish,  Judge  of  Probate;  J.  G. 
Wadsworth,  Sheriff';  W.  F.  Smith,  Clerk  of  Court;  J.  B.  Walters, 
Coroner. 


MADISON. 

No  more  fitting  instance  of  the  wonderful  energy  and  in- 
domitable enterprise  which  has  characterized  the  settlement  and 
growth  of  the  great  Sioux  Valley,  can  be  pointed  out  than  the 
almost  incredible  rapidity  with  which  this  town  has  sprung  into 
being  and  taken  position  as  one  of  the  best  known,  most  substan- 
tially prosperous  and  prop<M'ly  influential  communities  of  Dakota. 
This  gratifying  condition  of  things  demonstrates  in  the  best  way 
what  well  directed  and  united  effort  is  capable  of  accomplishing 
when  unhampered  by  individual  selfishness  or  local  jealousies.     It 


MADISOX.  119 

must  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  were  two  Madisons,  the  old 
Madison  and  the  new  Madison. 

To  correctly  understand  this  situation,  it  Avill  first  be  necessary 
to  give  a  briel  history  of  old  Madison,  now  abandoned  for  its  young 
and  thrifty  successor. 

Old  Madison,  then,  dates  an  existence  from  1875,  on  the  13th  of 
July  in  which  j'Car,  the  town  was  platted,  the  village  and  lake  be- 
i;ig  named  by  William  Van  Eps,  of  Sioux  Falls,  from  the  similarity 
of  the  townsite  and  adjoining  lake  to  the  townsite  of  the  Capital 
of  Wisconsin  and  the  lake  on  which  it  is  situated.  Old  Madison 
was  located  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Madison,  about  four  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  of  the  present  town.  Not  long  after  the  plat  was 
surveyed,  Madison  was  made  a  trading  post  by  the  erection  of  a 
building  used  as  a  general  merchandising  store  by  Brooks  &  Styles, 
of  Sibley,  Iowa.  In  the  autumn  of  1875,  the  County  Seat  of  Lake 
County  Avas  located  at  Madison,  and  a  large  business  growth 
resulted;  but  the  coming  of  the  iron  horse  was  a  death-blow  to  the 
old  town,  and  the  location  of  the  station  at  the  site  of  the  present 
town  was  the  .signal  for  general  preparations  to  move. 

The  new  Madison  is  the  present  terminus  of  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Division  of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.,  and  is  beautifull}^ 
located  between  Lakes  Madison  and  Herman,  being  only,  one  and 
one-quarter  miles  from  the  geographical  center  of  Lake  County. 
It  would  be  difficult  to  imagine  a  more  desirable  location,  or  one 
more  favorable  in  every  way  for  the  advancement  of  a  community's 
interests.  Surrounded  by  a  tine  agricultural  section,  well  settled 
and  developed,  it  is  the  focus  from  out  of  which  radiates  activity 
and  prosperity  on  every  side.  There  is  aii  abundance  of  good 
water,  clear,  bracing  atmosphere;  and  exceptionally  healthful  con- 
ditions. The  present  town  was  platted  July  6th,  1880,  by  William 
Van  Eps,  P.  H.  Harth,  0.  E.  Batchelder  and  William  Lee,  and  a 
general  migration  from  the  old  town  to  the  new  began  to  take 
place  immediately  afterwards.  J.  W.  Davison  was  the  first  to 
open  a  stock  of  merchandise  in  the  new  town. 

The  first  railroad  train  reached  Madison  January  12th.  1881.  and 
the  town  was  incorporated  under  the  provisions  of  the  Territorial 
Code  on  the  first  of  May.  following.  Its  present  population  is  fully 
600,  and  is  rapidly  receiving  valuable  accessions.  The  streets  are 
one  hundred  feet  in  width,  with  sidewalks  ten  feet  wide,  and  already 
much  money  has  been  expended  in  improvements  in  this  direction. 


120  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

All  branches  of  business  are  well  represented,  the  buildings  being 
of  a  superior  class  and  everything  wearing  an  appearance  of  thrift 
and  permanency. 

A  recent  valuable  addition  to  the  enterprises  of  the  town  is  the 
Lake  County  Flouring  Mill.  OAvned  b}'  Mr.  B.  D.  Sprague,  the 
construction  of  which  was  begun  in  May  of  the  present  year,  and 
completed  in  October,  at  a  total  cost  of  about  ^20,000.  They  are 
roller  mills  and  contain  all  the  latest  improvements,  no  trouble  or 
expense  having  been  spared  to  that  end.  They  will  grind  about 
500  bushels  of  wheat  per  day,  and  their  work  will  not  suffer  by 
comparison  with  any  other  mills  in  Dakota.  Mr.  H.  A.  Snyder  is 
the  head  miller. 

Madison  has  two  excellent  newspapers,  the  Madison  Sentinel 
and  the  Lake  Counfy  Leader.  The  Sentinel  was  first  started  at 
ohl  Madison  in  April,  1879,  by  Joe  H.  Zane  and  F.  L.  Fifield.  W. 
F.  Smith  succeeded  Fifield  in  March,  1880.  In  May  of  the  same 
year  Smith  disposed  of  his  interest  to  Zane,  and  in  June  W.  H. 
&  A.  M.  Jones  became  interested  in  its  publication.  W,  H,  Jones 
became  sole  editor  and  proprietor  in  December,  1880.  The  Leader 
was  established  in  June,  1879,  at  Herman,  six  miles  west  of  old 
Madison,  by  F.  C.  Stowe,  who  brought  it  to  new  Madison  in  No- 
vember, 1880.  Its  final  sale  to  E.  A.  Fuller  and  J.  M.  Preston 
was  consummated  September  3d,  of  the  present  year.  It  is  pub- 
lished by  Fuller  &  Co.,  with  J.  M.  Preston  as  the  editor.  Both 
the  Sentinel  and  the  Leader  have  contributed  in  no  small  degree 
to  bring  about  the  present  prosperous  condition  of  affairs  at  Madison. 

The  hotel  and  other  accommodations  are  excellent,  and  the  bus- 
iness men  wide  awake  to  appreciate  and  avail  themselves  of  every- 
thing conducive  to  the  advancement  of  the  community. 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS  AND  SOCIETIES. 

Tliere  are  five  church  organizations  at  Madison,  all  with  encour- 
aging prospects.  The  Presbyterian  S  ociety  was  organized  at  Old 
Madison,  in  1877,  and  has  a  handsome  edifice.  Rev.  G.  F.  Leclere 
is  the  pastor.  Th^  Baptist  Society  is  of  recent  organization,  and 
has  also  an  appropriate  edifice.  The  Congregational  Society  was 
organized  in  August  of  the  present  year,  and  holds  services  in  Davi- 
son's Hall.  The  Society  will  erect  a  suitable  structure  as  soon 'as 
practicable.  A  Methodist  Episcopal  organization  existed  at  Old 
Madison,  the  members  of  which  expect  shortly  to  organize  their 
Society  in  the  new  town.     There  is  also  a  large  Catholic  member- 


MADISOX. 


121 


ship  ill  Madison,  an  edifice  for  the  accommodation  of   which  will 
shortly  be  erected. 

The  educational  facilities,  present  and  prospective,  are  unusually 
excellent.  The  contract  for  the  new  school  building,  which  is  to 
cost  ^1,000,  calls  for  its  completion  November  20th,  18S1.  Mean- 
time a  temporary  building  has  been  occupied.  A  matter  for  con- 
siderable self-gratulation  is  the  success  attending  the  efforts  of  the 
citizens  for  the  establishment  of  a  Territorial  Normal  School  at 
Madison.  The  Legislative  Assembly  having  at  its  last  session 
passed  an  act  establishing  five  Normal  Schools  in  the  Territory, 
conditioned  upon  the  deeding  by  each  locality,  where  such  an  in- 
stitution was  desired,  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  to  the 
Territory  for  such  purpose',  within  the  period  of  six  months,  the 
citizens  of  Madison  promptly  bought  and  paid  for  by  private  sub- 
scription the  requisite  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,750,  and  deeded  it  to  the  Territory  as  required  by  the  act.  The 
deed  has  been  accepted  by  Secretary  Hand  as  Acting  Governor  du- 
ring the  absence  of  Governor  Ordway,  and  the  appropriations  will 
no  dou])t  come  as  a  matter  of  course,  thus  securing  to  Madison  an 
institution  of  great  benefit  to  the  entire  community,  as  well  of  the 
highest  credit  to  the  people  of  the  Territory.  It  will  especially  be 
borne  in  mind  in  this  connection  that  Madison  is  the  only  town  in 
the  Territory  which  complied  with  the  conditions  of  the  above  act. 

The  Lake  County  Agricultural  Association,  whose  objects  are  all 
that  the  name  implies,  was  organized  in  the  fall  of  1879,  and  held 
its  third  annual  fair  on  the  29th  and  30th  of  September,  of  the 
present  year.  Its  grounds  are  about  one-half  mile  east  of  town, 
contain  sixty  acres,  and  are  unsurpassed  in  adaptability  for  the  pur- 
pose for  which  they  are  used.  There  is  an  excellent  half-mile  cir- 
cular track,  good  buildings  and  conveniences,  a  large  floral  hall  be- 
ing among  the  erections  of  the  present  year.  Competition  in  all 
departments  is  unlimited,  premiums  liberal,  and  the  annual  meet- 
ings will  bear  favorable  comparison  with  any  of  the  Middle  and 
Western  States.  The  present  officers  of  the  Association  are: 
President,  G.  P.  Borland;  Vice-President,  P.  H.  Harth;  Secretary, 
F.  C.  Stowe;  Treasurer,  David  Mullen;  Board  of  Directors,  Jacob 
Bersjstresser,  John  Fitzgerald,  R.  B.  Mullen,  J.  M.  Preston,  Philip 
Zimmerman.  Lake  County  claims  the  honor  of  being  the  first 
cjunty  to  organize  an    Agricultural  Association  in  Dakota. 


122  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN"   DAKOTA. 

The  organiziition  of  the  Luke  County  Cemetery  Association  was 
perfected  April  23,1881.  Its  officers  are:  President.?.  II.  Harth; 
Vice-President,  J.  Gr.  Wadsworth;  Secretary,  J.  M.  Preston ;Treas- 
m-er,  A.  E.  Clough;  Directors,  A.  M.  McCallister,  G.  P.  Borland, 
Wm.  Lee:  Superintendent  of  Grounds.  J.  H.  Law. 

Madison  Lodge  No.  20,1.  0,  0.  F.— Was  instituted  April  10, 1880, 
by  D.  D.  G.  M.  Woodruff,  of  Dell  Rapids,  with  the  following 
charter  members:  William  Lee,  Charles  Miller,  P.  Marquart, 
John  Jacobs,  William  Luce,  C.  W.  Howard,  C.  C.  Kosnow,  J.  G. 
Wadsworth,  J.  R.  Taylor,  A.  E.  Clough.  Its  first  officers  were:  P. 
Marquart,  N.  G.;  C.  Miller,  V.G.;  A.  E.  Clough,  Secretary;  W.  H. 
Luce,  Treas.  The  following  are  its  present  officers:  A.  E.  Clough, 
N.  G.;  J.  I.  Taylor,  V.  G.;  H.  Gulstein,  Secretary:  P.  Hansen, 
Treasurer;  Representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge,  Charles  Miller. 
The  membership  is  about  fifty,  and  comprises  one  of  the  finest 
3^oung  lodges  in  the  Territory,  its  number  embracing  a  majority  of 
the  substantial  business  men  of  the  town.  The  Lodge  is  financially, 
prosperous,  has  mone3Mn  its  treasury,  and  the  membership  is  rap- 
idly increasing. 

OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY. 

President  Board  of  Trustees — A.  E.  Clough. 
Trustees— k.  E.  Clough,  Wm.  Lee,  E.  VV.  Dyer. 
Cleric— J.  M.Preston. 
Treasurer — E.  W.  Hart. 
Justice  of  the  Peace — E.  Sheridan. 
Marshal— D.  T.  Scott. 

Board  of  .Education — Alexander  McKay,  A.  E.  Fuller,  J.  "W.DaviFon;  J.M. 
Preston,  Clerk. 

UTISIKESS    DTRF.CTOKY. 

Aftornei/s.—Y.L.  Soper,  G.  K.Tittany,  S.  M.  Smolkn,  J.  M.  Preston,  W.  F. 
Smith,  C.  B.  Kennedy. 

Agricultural  fnq^lovents — Wadsworth  &  Harth,  A.  K.  Howlaiul  i:  Son.  J. 
F.  Richardson. 

Blacksmiths- -JohnRimtimcY,  B.  U.  Holt,  W.  S.  P.evce,  Peter  Hansen. 

Boardinfi  House — Mrs.  Mary  Gdden. 

Banls — Citizens"  Bank,  J.  A.  Trow,  Cashier;  Lake  Couniy  Bank,  F.  W. 
Thaxter,  Cashier. 

Boots  and  Shoes — John  McCormack. 

Barbers — E.  Rice.  F.  M.  Cooksin. 

Contractors  and  Builders — Fuller  Bros.,  John  Buckley. 

Depot  Affcnt — W.  J.  Mallon. 

Druggists — Clough  &  Howe,  A.  A.  Broodie. 

Fuel — R.  R.  Company,  H.  J.  Patterson. 

Flour  and  Feed — II.  J.  Patterson. 


MOODY.  COUNTY.  123 


General  Merchandize — P.  H.  Harth,  Daly  and  Fitzgerald.  A.  McKay.  J.  W. 
Davison,  C.  S.  Raymond.  Clark  &  Cameron. 

Hardware — E.  W.  Dyer,  McCallister  Bro.«, 

Hotels — Madison  Honse,  J.  D,  Andrews:  Commercial  House,  J.  J.    Cranney. 

Insurance. — C.  B.  Kennedy,  F.  W.  Tliaxter. 

Jeweler. — 0.  G.  Au'ey. 

Liceri/, — Scott  &  Sheridan.  J.  Vandervort,  A.  W.  Clark. 

Lake  Counfi/  Flouring  Mills. — B.  D.  Spragua. 

Lumber.— J o'm  Paul,  Henry  Gulstain,  Ag?nt;  C.  L.  Coleman,  We.-^ley  HilL 
Agent;  Drew  Bros.,  by  Frank  Drew. 

Merchant  Tailor. — N.  Grosch, 

Meat  Mdrkets. — Renner  &  Schultz,  Frank  Snyder. 

Millinery. — Mrs.  A.  E.  Clongli,  Miss  Jennie  Jones. 

Newspapers. — Lake  County  Lead3r,  Fuller  &  Co.  Proprietors,  J.  M.  Preston, 
Editor;  Madisen  Sentinel,  W.  H.  Jones,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Notions. — A.  Fritz. 

Physicians. — A.  E.  Clough,  S.  M.  Jenks. 

Postmaster.—?.  H.  Harth,  J.  M.  Preston.  Assistant. 

Painter.~\Y.  A.  Cole. 

Restaurant. — L.  Ricker. 

Real  Estate  and  Loan. — Citizen's  Bank,  Lake  County  liank,  C.  B.  Kennedy, 
W  F.  Smith.  F.  L.  Soper,  Scott  &  Sheridan. 

Stone  Masons. — S.  Q.  Brown,  James  Barrett. 

Saloons. — Batchelder  &.  Smith,  A.  B.  Houts,  T.  Lannon,  A.  Froeliger. 


MOODY  COUNTY. 

The  L'^gislative  Assembly  formed  the  boaadaries  of  Moody 
County  in  IS 73.  The  following  summer  the  first  County  Com- 
missioners were  appointed,  and  the  County  was  organized.  The 
ofScers  appointed  were  as  follows:  Commissioners — David  Fari- 
bault, Harry  Stoughton,  EdAvard  Pierce.  Register  of  Deeds — M. 
D.  L.  Pettigrew.  Treasurer  and  Judge  of  Probate — A.  G.  Hop- 
kins. Sheriff — Thomas  Davis.  Officers  were  subsequently  elected 
as  follows:  Commissioners — M.  P.  Hopkins,  Morris  Bebb,  David 
Faribault.  Register  of  Deeds— M.  D.  L.  Pettigrew.  Sheriff— E. 
1.  Heald.     Treasurer — Marshall  Morse. 


FLANDREAU. 

Elsewhere  in  its  proper  place  will  be  found  an  account  of  the 
location  of  Flaudreau  in  1857  by  the  Dakota  Land  Company,  of 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  together  with  the  names  of  the  principal  stock- 
holders and  incorporators  of  the  Company,  as  also  an  account  of 
the  expediticn,  beginning  with  flying  colors  at  St.  Paul,  in  May  of 


124  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEAST E:IN    DAKOTA. 

that  year.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  town  of  Flai:dreau  was 
named  in  honor  of  Judge  Charles  E.  Flandraii,  of  St.  Paul,  there 
being  latterly,  however,  a  slight  alteration  in  the  orthography  of 
the  name  by  the  insertion  of  an  additional  "f." 

The  predatory  character  of  the  noble  red  man,  together  with  his 
native  hostility  to  the  innovations  of  the  pale  face,  rendered  abor- 
tive the  speculative  efforts  of  the  Dakota  Land  Company,  and 
brought  their  plans  to  a  summary  standstill  in  June,  1858,  at 
which  time  the  Indians  rose  in  their  might  and  drove  the  settlers 
from  the  valley  of  the  Upper  Sioux.  Thus  is  chronicled  the  rise, 
decline  and  sudden  fall  of  the  old  Flandreau,  and  years  elapsed 
previous  to  the  rise  of  the  present  new  and  prosperous  Flandreau 
in  its  stead.  About  the  only  indications  of  former  white  inhabit- 
ancy are  to  be  found  digged  in  the  side  of  the  hill  in  the  timber 
above  the  mill,  on  which  spot  a  white  man's  cabin  in  all  proba- 
bility once  stood. 

The  country  in  and  about  Flandreau  was  no  doubt  a  favorite 
camping  ground  for  the  Indians,  who  came  from  localities  far  and 
near  to  the  Great  Pipestone  Quarry,  one  mile  north  of  Pipestone,  in 
Pipestone  County,  Minn.,  and  about  fifteen  miles  east  of  Flandreau. 
This  celebrated  region  abounds  in  Indian  folk-lore  and  traditions, 
more  or  less  romantic  and  worthy  of  credence.  It  was  here  that 
the  Pipe  of  Peace  was  obtained,  and  here  to  this  day  the  Wards  of 
the  Government  get  the  material  from  which  their  pipes  and  other 
articles  are  carved  in  many  rude  and  fantastic  designs.  The  Legend 
of  the  Great  Pipestone  Quarry  has  thus  been  beautifully  immor- 
talized by  the  poet  Longfellow: 

THE  PEACE-PIPE. 

From  the  Mountains  of  the  Prairie, 
On  the  Great  Red  Pipestone  Quarry, 
(lih'he  Manito,  the  nii<rhty, 
He  the  Master  of  Life,  descending, 
On  the  red  crags  of  the  quarry 
Stood  erect,  and  called  the  nations. 
Called  the  tribes  of  men  together. 

From  his  footprints  flowed  a  river, 
O'er  the  prtcipi(<'  plunging  downward, 
Cileanied  like  Ishkoodah,  tlie  comet. 
And  the  Spirit,  stooping  earlliward, 
With  his  tjngpr  on  the  Meadow 
Traced  a  winding  pathway  for  it. 
Saying  to  it,  '"Run  in  this  way!  " 

From  the  red  stone  of  the  (juany 
With  his  hand  he  broke  a  fragnient 


FLANDRKAF.  125 


Moulded  it  into  a  pips-head. 
Shaped  and  fashioned  it  witli  figures; 
From  the  margin  of  the  river 
Took  a  long  reed  for  a  pipe-stem. 
With  its  dark  green  leavi-s  upon  it; 
Filled  the  pipe  with  bark  of  willow, 
With  the  bark  of  the  red  willow ; 
Breathed  upon  the  n;>ighboring  forest, 
Made  its  great  boughs  chafe  together, 
Till  in  flame  they  burst  and  kinaled; 
And  erect  upon  the  mountains 
Gitehe  Manito,  the  mighty, 
Smoked  the  Calumet,  the  I'eace-Pipe, 
As  a  signal  to  the  nations. 

And  the  smoke  rose  slowly,  slowly, 

Through  the  tranquil  air  of  morning, 

First  a  single  line  of  darkness, 

Then  a  denser,  bluer  vapor, 

Then  a  snow-white  cloud  unfolding. 

Like  the  tree-tops  of  the  forest, 

Ever  rising,  rising,  rising, 

Till  it  touched  the  top  of  heaven, 

Till  it  broke  against  the  heaven. 

And  rolled  outward  all  around  it. 

From  the  Vale  of  Tawasentha, 
From  the  Valley  of  W^yoming, 
From  the  groves  of  Tuscaloosa, 
From  the  far-off  Rocky  Mountains, 
From  the  northern  lakes  and  rivers, 
All  the  tribes  beheld  the  signal, 
Saw  the  distant  smoke  ascending. 
The  Puckwana  of  the  Peace-Pipe. 

And  the  prophets  of  the  nations 
Said,  "Behold  it,  the  Puckwana! 
By  this  signal  from  afar  off. 
Bending  like  a  wand  of  willow, 
Waving  like  a  hand  that  beckons, 
(xitche  Manito,  the  mighty, 
Calls  the  warriors  to  his  council!" 

Down  the  rivers,  o'er  the  praiiies, 
Came  the  warriors  of  the  nations, 
Came  the  Delawares  and  Mohawks, 
Came  the  Choctaws  and  Comanches, 
Came  the  Shoshones  and  Biackfeet, 
Came  the  Pawnees  and  Omahas, 
Came  the  Mandans  and  Dacotahs, 
Came  tlie  Hnrons  and  Ojibways, 
All  the  warriors  drawn  together 
By  the  signal  of  the  Peace-Pipe, 
To  the  Mountains  of  the  Prairie, 
To  the  Great  Red  Pipestone  Quarry. 

And  they  stood  there  on  the  meadow. 
With  their  weapons  and  their  war-gear. 
Painted  like  the  leaves  of  autumn, 
Painted  like  the  sky  of  morning. 
Wildly  glaring  at  each  other; 


126  HISTORY    OF   SOrTHKASTERX    DAKOTA. 

In  their  faces  stern  d'tiance. 
In  their  hearts  the  femls  of  ages, 
The  hereditary  hatred. 
The  ancestral  thirst  of  vengeance. 

Gitche  Manito,  the  mighty, 

The  creator  of  the  nations, 

Looked  upon  them  with  compassion, 

Witli  paternal  love  and  iiity: 

Looked  upon  their  wrath  and  wrangling 

But  as  quan-els  among  chihh-en, 

But  as  feuds  and  fights  of  children! 

Over  them  he  stretched  his  right  hand, 
To  subdue  tlieir  stubborn  natures, 
To  allay  their  thirst  and  fever, 
By  the  shadow  of  his  right  hand : 
Spake  to  them  with  voice  majestic 
As  the  sound  of  far-oli  waters. 
Falling  into  deep  ab3-sses. 
Warning,  chiding,  spake  in  this  wise : — 

"0  ray  children,  my  poor  children, 
Listen  to  the  words  of  wisdom, 
Listen  to  the  words  of  w"arning_ 
From  the  lips  of  the  Great  Spirit, 
From  the  Master  of  Life,  who  made  you ! 

"I  have  given  you  lands  to  hunt  in, 
I  have  given  you  streams  to  fish  in, 
I  have  given  you  b  'ar  and  bison, 
I  have  given  you  roe  and  reindeer, 
I  have  given  you  brant  and  beaver. 
Filled  the  marshes  full  of  wdld-fowl, 
Filled  the  river  full  of  fishes ; 
Why  then  are  you  not  contented? 
Why  then  will  you  hunt  each  other? 

"1  am  weary  of  your  quarrels. 
Weary  of  your  wars  and  bloodshed. 
Weary  of  your  prayers  foi  vengeance. 
Of  your  wrangliiigs  and  dissensions; 
All  your  strength  is  in  your  union, 
All  your  danger  in  discord; 
Therefore  be  at  peace  henceforward. 
And  as  brothers  live  together. 

"T  will  send  a  Prophet  to  you, 

A  dehve.er  of  the  nations, 

Who  shall  gnideyou  and  shall  teach  you. 

Who  shall  toil  and  suffer  with  you. 

If  you  listen  to  his  counsels. 

To  1  will  multiply  and  prosper; 

If  his  warnings  pass  unheeded. 

you  will  fade  away  and  perish ! 

"BaHie  now  in  the  stream  before  you. 
Wash  the  war-paint  from  your  faces, 
Wash  the  blood-stains  from  your  fingers, 
Bury  your  war-clubs  and  your  weapons, 
I^reak  the  red  stone  from  this  quarry. 


FLANDREAU.  127 


Mould  and  make  it  into  Peace- Pipes, 
Take  the  reeds  that  grow  hesiJe  you, 
Deck  them  with  your  brightest  feathers, 
Smoke  the  cahxmet  together. 
And  as  brothers  hve  hencefofward!" 

Then  upon  the  ground  the  warriors 
Threw  their  cloaks  and  shirts  of  deer-skin, 
Threw  their  weapons  and  their  war-gear. 
Leaped  into  the  rushing  riv.  r, 
Washed  the  war-paint  from  their  faces; 
Clear  above  them  flowed  th  ;  water, 
Claar  and  limpid  from  the  ibotprints 
Of  the  Master  of  Life  descen  ling; 
Dark  below  them  flowed  the  river. 
Soiled  and  stained  with  stseaks  of  crimson. 
As  if  blood  were  mingled  with  it! 

From  the  river  came  the  warriors. 

Clean  and  washed  from  all  their  war-paint ; 

On  the  banks  their  clubs  they  buried. 

Buried  all  their  war-like  weapons. 

Gitche  Manito,  the  mighty, 

The  Great  Spirit,  the  creator. 

Smiled  upon  his  helpless  children! 

And  in  silence  all  the  warriors 
Broke  the  red  stone  ot  the  quarry. 
Smoothed  and  formed  it  into  Peace-Pipes, 
Broke  the  long  reeds  by  the  river, 
Decked  them  with  their  brightest  feathers, 
And  departed  each  one  homeward. 
While  the  Master  of  Life  descendina: 
Throngh  the  opening  of  cloud-curtains. 
Through  the  doorways  of  the  heaven, 
Vanished  from  Viefore  their  faces. 
In  the  smoke  that  rolled  around  him, 
The  Puckwana  of  the  Peace-Pipe ! 

For  years  after  the  abandoiiment  of  Flandreau  in  1858,  the  In- 
dians hunted  and  fished  undisturbed  by  the  white  man,  save  by  an 
occasional  trapper, who,  for  the  most  part,  adopted  their  modes  of  life 
and  lived  with  them  on  friendly  term-;.  Yet  the  inevitable  could  not 
long  be  postponed,  and  the  harbinger  of  advancing  civilization  be- 
gan once  more  to  appear,  this  time  predicating  permanent  redemp- 
tion of  the  soil  from  savage  uses,  and  foreshadowing  the  teeming 
industries  and  the  church  spires  of  the  future.  About  the  year 
1869  the  more  civilized  Indians  of  the  Santee  and  Sisseton  agen- 
cies, encouraged  by  the  missionaries  who  labored  among  them,  be- 
gan to  select  claims  in  Moody  County,  and  to  make  for  themselves 
homes  along  the  river.  Thus  we  have  the  apparent  anomaly 
of  the  Indians  themselves  giving  the  first  impetus  to  the  tide  of 
civilization,  which  was  soon  supplemented  by  the  establishment,  in 


12S  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

1S69,  of  a  trading  post  at  Flaiidreau  by  C.  K.  Howard,  the   well 
known  merchant  of  Sioux  Falls. 

In  1871  the  Indian  Presbyterian  Society  erected  the  church  edi- 
fice which  was  afterward  sold  to  the  United  States  Government, 
and  which  has  ever  since  been  used  as  a  school  Iniilding  in  which 
the  young  aboriginal  ideas  are  taught  "  how  to  shoot."  The  In- 
dians hauled  the  lumber  for  the  building  from  Windom,  Minn, 
The  present  teacher  of  this  Indian  school  is  the  Rev.  John  Eastman, 
an  intelligent  half-breed  Indian,  who  is  also  a  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man. Candor  compels  the  admission  that,  although  from  thirty 
to  forty  Indian  pupils  are  enrolled,  comparatively  few  attend,  the 
solution  of  the  Indian  problem  through  the  avenue  of  education 
being  no  neai-er  reachad  at  Flandreau  than  at  other  points  where  the 
experiment  has  been  tried.  Still  much  good  is  doubtless  being 
accomplished  in  this  way, and  the  money  of  theCjovernmentis  well 
spent  in  this  direction. 

In  April,  1872,  F.  W.  Pettigrew  come  to  the  present  townsite  of 
Flandreau.  M.  D.  L.  Pettigrew  came  in  June  of  the  same  year. 
F.  W.  Pettigrew^  took  up  what  is  now  the  townsite  as  a  homestead 
and  built  a  homestead  house  thereon  in  July,  1S72.  Mr.  Pettigrew 
platted  the  town  in  1873,  and  from  that  time  dates  the  growth  of 
this  pleasant  and  prosperous  little  city.  In  the  homestead  house 
which  he  built  in  1872,  Mr.  F.  W.  Pettigrew  now  has  his  real  estate 
office,  the  building  having  been  enlarged  since  the  winter  of  1872-3, 
when  Mr.  Pettigrew,  E.  I.  Heald  and  Almond  Campbell  kept 
"  bachelors'  hall  "  therein,  and  entertained  the  traveling  public, 
with  now  and  then  an  itenerant  preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  this 
building  was  kept  the  first  po.vtoffice  at  Flandreau,  which  was  es- 
tablished in  1872  under  the  name  of  West  Bend  P.  0..  Mr.  F.  W. 
Pettigrew  being  Postmaster. 

The  postoffice  of  West  Bend  was  discontinued  in  the  fall  of 
1873.  and  the  postoffice  of  Flandreau  was  established.  Marshall 
Morse  was  the  first  Postmaster  of  Flandreau  P.  0.  Mr.  Morse 
cametoFhmdreau  in  the  latter  year,  and  establislied  a  general  store, 
and  in  187-1  William  Jones,  who  had  for  several  years  before  led 
the  life  of  a  hunter  and  trapper  in  and  around  the  site  of  the  future 
town,  also  began  business  in  Flandreau.  starting  a  store  therein  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Howard,  of  Sioux  Falls.  Dr.  Seals  also 
established  a  store  in  1873.  The  postoffice  was  kept  by  Mr.  Morse 
in  the   building  now  occupied  by  T.  Freeman,   merchant  tailor. 


FLANDREAU.  129 


The  growth  of  the  community  suffered  a  severe  check  by  reason  of 
the  grasshopper  invasion  of  1874,  vt^hich  continued  Avith  more  or 
less  disastrous  consequences  for  three  years. 

In  1875  M.  D.  L.  Pettigrew  built  a  small  portion  of  the  present 
Flandreau  House.  The  growth  of  the  town  was  very  slow,  how- 
ever, from  1871:  to  1878,  in  which  latter  year  a  new  impetus  was 
given  to  the  settlement,  which  from  that  date  has  grown  with  a 
rapidity  exceeding  the  most  sanguine  expectations.  New  business 
establishments  of  all  kinds  have  sprung  up  as  if  by  magic,  church 
organizations  have  been  effected,  and  both  religious  and  educational 
facilities  enlarged  to  a  degree  absolutely  astonishing  to  those  unac- 
customed to  the  ceaseless  activity  of  western  ways.  The  close  of 
1878,  found  Flandreau  a  busy,  bustling  town,  and  since  that  time 
there  has  been  a  steady  influx  of  new-comers. 

Flandreau  was  incorporated  under  special  act  of  the  Legislature 
in  1879;  its  population  in  1880  was  550;  present  population,  esti- 
mated, from  600  to  700.  The  townsite  is  located  on  the  northeast 
quarter  of  section  28,  town  107,  range  48. 

The  Moodij  County  Enterprise  ^vas  started  in  1878,  by  Funk  & 
Smith,  A,  B.  Funk  being  the  editor.  Its  first  publication  was  on 
June  27th  of  that  year.  April  1st,  1879,  Mr.  Funk  left  Flandreau, 
going  to  Spirit  Lake,  where  he  purchased  the  Spirit  Laice  Beacon^ 
which  paper  he  is  still  publishing.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Funk,  the  Enterprise  was  purchased  by  Williamson  &  Middleton, 
and  afterwards  H.  M.  Williamson,  the  present  editor,  became  sole 
proprietor.  The  Enterprise,  as  conducted  by  Mr.  Williamson,  is  a 
highly  creditable  paper  and  deservedly  ranks  among  the  influential 
publications  of  Dakota.  The  flrst  train  of  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Railroad  arrived  at  Flandreau  January  1st,  1880,  and  already 
the  effects  anticipated  from  this  much  desired  addition  to  business 
and  traveling  facilities  are  being  largely  realized. 

The  Flandreau  Flouring  Mills,  owned  by  Bates  &  Lindsay  Bros., 
and  of  which  Henry  J.  Jacobshagen  is  the  manager,  is  one  of  the 
leading  industries  of  the  place,  and  turns  out  flour  of  a  highly  satis- 
factory grade,  being  mainly  engaged  in  custom  work.  Work  on  the 
mills  was  first  begun  by  A.  H.  Wheeler  in  1878.  Other  industries 
are  well  represented  in  our  biographical  department. 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS    AND  SOCIETIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Flandreau  was  organized  in 
1879  by  Rev.  Mr.  Suftring,  of  Minn.     The  present  pastor  is  Rev. 


130'  niSTOKY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

L.  W.  Miller.  There  is  a  membership  of  about  fifty,  and  the  so- 
ciety has  a  commodious  church  edifice. 

The  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Flandreau  was  organized 
June  30th,  1880,  by  Rev.  A.  K.  Baird,  of  .[owa.  Rev.  R.  H.  Hooke 
is  the  present  pastor.  The  membership  is  al)out  thirty.  An  ap- 
propriate edifice  was  erected  during  the  present  year  at  a  cost  of 
about  .$1,800. 

The  Indian  Presbyterian  and  the  Indian  Episcopal  congregations 
each  have  suitable  buildings.  David  Weston  is  the  catechist  of 
the  Episcopal,  Rev,  John  Eastman  the  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian 
congregation. 

The  English  Episcopals,  the  Baptists  and  the  Catholics  are  each 
arranging  for  more  perfect  organizations,  and  "svill  no  doubt  ere 
long  be  in  possession  of  appropriate  places  of  worship. 

The  first  school  in  Flandreau  was  taught  in  the  summer  of  187-1 
by  Miss  Hattie  Pettigrew.  The  school  building  is  at  present  ade- 
quate for  the  accommodation  of  the  pupils,  and  meets  the  require- 
ments of  so  valuable  an  institution.  Miss  Mary  Taylor  is  the  Prin- 
cipal. 

Flandreau  Lodge,  No.  15,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  October  5th, 
1878.  Applicants  for  charter:  F.  W,  Pettigrew,  William  Jones, 
E.  I.  Heald,  H.  C.  Gardner,  O.I.  Huseboe.  Present  officers:  Geo. 
Murnby,  N.  G.;  F.  M.  Lighthizer,  V.  G.;  Claus  Junge,  R.  S.; 
Wm.  Jones,  Treasurer.  The  Lodge  has  a  membership  of  about 
thirty,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Flandreau  Lodge  No.  11,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — instituted  in  the  fall 
of  1878,  under  dispensation.  Charter  members:  A.  B.  Funk, 
C.  H.  Gardner,  W.  A.  Clark,  M.  Simpson,  H.  C.  Gardner,  R.  L. 
Brown,  C.  M.  Lake.  Present  officers:  R,  L,  Brown,  W.  M.;  W. 
A.  Clark,  S.  W.;  M.  Simpson,  J.  W.;  W.  F:  Gafes,  Secretary;  J. 
A.  Seaman,  Treasurer;  T.  V.  Nash,  S.  D.;  L.  Thompson,  J.  D. 
Member.ship  about  thirty;  in  prosperous  condition. 

Flandreau  Lodge  No.  11,  I.  0.  G.  T.-  -instituted  in  the  spring 
of  1881.     Present  officers:     Dr.  Frank  Fluno,  W.  C;  Mrs.  S.    J. 

Clark,  W.  V.  C;  John  Hamilton,  R.  S.; Van    Scotter,    F.    S.; 

Miss  Mary  Taylor,  Treasurer.  This  lodge  has  a  membership  of 
about  forty,  and  is  in  excellent  working  order. 

OFFICIAL*  DIRECTOHY. 

President  Boaril  of  Tnisfcr.s — E.  Huntington. 

Board  of  Tntsfer.<!--E.  Huntington,  W.  A.  Clark,  M.  M.Jones,  T.  E.  Miner, 
Marshall  Morse. 


FLANDREAU.  131 


Secretary — T.  E.  Carter. 
Treasurer — William  Jones. 
Marshal — Claus  Junge. 

BUSINESS   DIRECTORV. 

Attorneys — H.  A.  Williamson,  George  Rice,  R.J.  Simenson,  A.  D.  Bubb. 

Physicians — J.  A.  Seaman,  F.J.Fluno,  H.  Goetting. 

General  Merchandise — Landon  Nelson  ^  Co.,  Wm.  Jones  <.V:  Co.,  Neperud 
Bros.,  I.  F.Winnek  &  Co. 

Boots  d'-  Shoes^J.  E.  Tbibau,  A.  Higg>. 

Shoemaker — Lewis  Hackett. 

Hardtvare — R.  L.  Brown,  C.  C.  Martin,  Dickson  k  Few. 

Agricultural  Implements — T.  E.  Carter,  1.  B.  Taylor,  F.  J.  Sbields. 

Groceries — Geo.  H.  Few,  Charles  Hall,  A.  Moulton. 

Furniture — A.  Moulton. 

Harness  and  Saddlery — W.  A.  Clark,  S.  A.  Heath. 

iS'a Zoo « 5 ^Thomas  Collins,  P.  E.  Davis,  Ole  Eiickson,  A.  Seaman. 

Druggists — D.  S.  White,  James  Bray. 

Barber — H.  A.  Bates. 

Hotels — Flandi'eau  House,  M.  D.  L.  Pettigrew;  Sioux  Valley  House,  C.  H. 
Gardner;  Central  House,  Thomas  O'Xeill. 

Restaurant — A.  S.  Frink. 

Bakery  and  Xotions — Mrs.  E.  Close. 

Livery — T.J.  Haxton,  Frank Willard. 

Blacksmiths — Wm.  Dunn,  Dahl  &  Holden. 

Flouring  Mill — Bates  &  Lindsay  Bros. 

Coal  and  Wood — Lindsay  Sz  Bates,  Cargill  Bros. 

£'/er,7fo/-s— CargillBros.,AV.  R.  Hyde,  Agent;  Hyde.  Hodges  k  Co.,  J.  H. 
McMillen.  Agent. 

Contractors  and  Builders — Mac  Simpson,  M.  P.  Lower. 

Lumber — C.  A.  Coleman,  L.  K.  Knudson,  Agent;  John  Paul,  P.  E.  Minier, 
Agent. 

Millinery— Mrs.  D.  Mason,  Mrs.  D   S.  White,  Mrs.  A.  Higgs. 

Merchant  Tailor — T.  Freeman. 

Newsjxqjer — Moody  County  Enterprise,  H.  ]\L  Williamson,  Editor  and  Pro- 
prietor. 

Bsnks — Bank  of  Flandrean,  C.  E.  Thayer,  Cashier:  Moody  County  Bank,  T 
H.  McConnell,  Cashier. 

Meat  Markets—M.  McDonnell.  A.  Schillhig. 

Jeiveler — H.  B.  Wood. 

Postmasters — M.  Morse,  M.  ]\1.  Jones,  Assistant. 

Real  Estate  and  Loan — F.  W.  Pettigrew.  E.  Hunlington. 


EGAN. 

The  prosperous  and  enterprising  town  of  Egan  is  a  worthy  illustra- 
tion of  the  astonishing  rapidity  of  growth  Avhich  characterizes  the 
communities  of  Dakota.     At  the  date  of  the  first  publication  of  the 


132  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

E(jan  Express,  May  27th,  18S0,  there  was  but  one  building  other 
than  that  of  the  Express  office,  within  a  radius  of  one  mile  and  a 
half,  viz:  the  residence  of  Mr.  Alfred  Brown,  about  one-half 
mile  from  the  location  of  the  venturesome  newspaper  man.  At 
date  of  this  Avriting  (autumn  of  1881)  Egan  contains  a  population 
of  nearly  500  souls,  with  business  houses,  churches,  schools  and  all 
the  evidences  of  a  thrifty  civilization. 

The  town  was  platted  in  April,  1880,  by  Alfred  Brown,  J.  H. 
Eno  and  John  Hobart,  and  was  incorporated  under  special  Act  of 
the  Legislative  Assembly  in  April,  1881.  H.  A.  Leinbach  has  re- 
cently platted  an  addition  north  of  town.  Egan  contains  within 
its  limits  the  geographical  center  of  Moody  County.  The  town- 
site  is  located  in  section  7,  township  106,  range  49,  the  excellent 
judgment  displayed  in  the  selection  being  apparent  even  to  the 
casual  observer;  its  environs  are  pleasing  and  attractive,  and  the 
location  itself  is  advantageous!}^  situated  with  reference  to  the 
main  arteries  of  trade  on  either  hand.  The  town  is  above  high 
water  mark,  a  fact  which  cannot  fail  to  command  favorable  atten- 
tion, since  during  all  former  floods,  by  which  other  places  suffered 
more  or  less,  the  towusite  of  Egaii  rested  complacently  above. the 
limits  of  danger.  Another  advantage  which  may  be  mentioned  is 
the  abundance  of  excellent  Avater  and  the  facilities  for  reaching  it. 
On  digging  from  four  to  five  feet  a  coarse  gravel  is  reached,  and 
at  a  depth  of  from  sixteen  to  twenty-four  feet,  the  sparkling  liquid 
is  invariably  found  in  almost  unliuiited  quantities.  The  eccentric 
waters  of  the  Big  Sioux,  with  its  unforeseen  bends  aad  unexpected 
curves,  flow  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  town. 

The  Southern  Minnesota  branch  of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  Paul  R.  R. 
has  established  at  Egan  the  largest  coal  house  on  the  line  west  of 
LaCrosse,  and  is  building  an  extensive  depot,  and  otherwise  invest- 
ing in  profttal)le  improvements.  A  number  of  the  Company's  em- 
ployes already  have  their  residences  in  Egan.  The  first  train 
reached  Egan  August,  1880. 

As  stated  above,  the  E<jan  Express  was  started  in  May,  1880, 
being  removed  thither  from  Roscoe  by  J.  H.  Eno.  The  Express 
came  into  the  possession  of  Messrs.  Lanning  &  Shelden,  the  pres- 
ent proprietors,  in  May,  1881,  and  is  a  very  creditable  publication. 
Geo.  R.  Lanning  is  the  editor. 

At  ])resent  there  are  two  church  edifices,  the  Methodist  Episco- 
copal  and  the  Baptist,  both  of  which  congregations  are  in  a  pros- 


EGAN.  133 

perous  condition.  There  are  also  a  Congregational  and  a  Catholic 
Societ}^  each  of  which  expects  shortly  to  erect  suitable  places  of 
worship. 

The  school  building  is  well  adapted  to  educational  purposes,  and 
the  district  is  the  only  independent  school  district  thus  far  estab- 
lished in  Moody  County.     Miss  Ella  Waite  is  the  Principal. 

The  Bank  of  Egan  was  established  in  October,  1881,  by  Melvin 
Grigsby,  Esq.,  and  Geo.  M.  Smith,  of  Sioux  Falls,  and  is  a  much 
needed  addition  to  Egan's  commercial  facilities.  Mr.  Smith  is  the 
efficient  manager. 

The  business  and  professional  interests  of  the  community  will  be 
found  to  be  well  represented  in  thebiographicalsketchesof  its  citi- 
zens which  elsewhere  appear.     The  following  is  the 
OFFICIAL  directory: 

President  of  the  Council. — E.  G.  Boynton. 

Conicihnen.—E.  G.  Boynton,  H.  A.  Leinbach,  J.  D.  S.  Smith,  W.  G.  Ken- 

aston . 

Recorder. — W.  S.  Cobban. 

Treasurer. — Dwiglit  llsley. 

Justice  of  the  Peace. — W.  T.  Brown. 

Marshal. — Chas.  Pettit. 

Street  Commissioner. — Alfred  Brown. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Attornei/s.—Geo.  M.  DeGroif,  J.  H.  Eno. 

Phi/sician. — J.  H.  Schneider. 

Hotels.— Tiiylov  Honse,  S.  Taylor;  Ida  House,  Smith  &  Tuttle. 

General  Merchandise. — D.  Bidwell  &  Son,  R.  llsley. 

Hardware. — John  Hobart,  C.  F.  Rathman. 

Druggist. — 0.  E.  Schneider. 

Restaurant. — W.  E.  Gessell. 

Grocery. — W.  G.  Kenaston. 

Wagon  Making.— A.  J.  Vallier. 

Blacksmith. — J.  M.  Runyon. 

Saloons. — P.  Jordan,  B.  B.  Skinner. 

Liverg. — Pettit  Bros. 

Newspapers. — Egan  Express,  Lanning  &  Shelden,  Publishers;  Geo.  R.  Lan- 
ning-.  Editor. 

Shoemaker. — W.  T.  Browm. 

Postmastsr. — S.  R.  Moore,  Geo.  E.  Bidwell,  Assistant. 

Notion  Store. — Geo.  E.  Bidwell. 

Lumber.— John  Paul,  E.  G.  Boynton,  Agent;  Drew  Bros. 

Depot  Agent.— W.  H.  Nichol. 

Real  Estate.— Geo.  M,  DeGrofF,  J.  H.  Eno. 

Insurance — Lanning  &  Shelden,  Geo.  M.  DeGroff. 

Carpenters. — 0.  D.  Fuller,  A,  S.  Sumner,  L.  C.  Payne,  J.  H.  Tapper,  R.  C. 
McGregor. 

Stone  Mason. — Geo.  J.  Rose. 

Meat  Market. — Enos  Karn. 

Bank  of  Egan. — Grisby  &  Smith,  Geo.  M.  Smith,  Cashier. 


1S4:  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

BROOKINGS  COUNTY. 

The  primar}''  facts  concerning  the  organization  of  this  rich  and 
promising  county  elsewhere  appear.  The  top-soil  is  a  rich  loam, 
var^-ing  in  depth  from  twelve  to  thirty  inches,  containing,  more- 
over, a  fine  quality  of  sand,  thus  making  it  rapidly  productive. 
Goo  I  crops  result  with  a  comparatively  small  rainfall.  The  sub- 
;  oil  is  of  clay,  which  holds  water  nearly  as  well  as  an  earthen  vessel 
• — the  best  of  all  combinations,  according  to  authorities — doesn't 
beco  e  soft  or  mirey.  The  top-soil  rapidly  absorbs  moisture;  the 
subsoil  retains  it — thus  forming  a  supply  for  vegetation  to  draw 
from,  by  capillary  attraction,  in  a  dry  time.  The  dews  are  very 
heavy.  The  land  lies  in  long,  gentle  slopes,  making  perfe  2-  drain- 
age, and  not  w^ashing  by  reason  of  heavy  rains — all  of  w^hich  pre- 
sents most  favorable  conditions  for  large  wheat  raising. 

The  county  is  well  watered  by  streams  and  lakes,  and  contains 
about  1,500  acres  of  timber.  The  towns  are  Medary,  Oakwood, 
Brookings,  Elkton,  Aurora,  and  Volga.  The  town  of  Fountain, 
auspiciously  begun,  was  subsequently  abandoned  in  consequence 
of  the  suddenly  appearing  importance  of  the  new  town  of  Brookings. 

Fountain  was  situated  eight  miles  northeast  of  Brookings,  on 
section  two,  in  town  110,  range  49,  and  was  started  in  April,  1878, 
by  Dr.  Kelsey  and  J.  0.  Walker — the  latter  gentleman  being  the 
present  proprietor  of  the  Brookings  House  in  Brookings.  G.  W. 
Hopp,  the  present  proprietor  of  the  Brook/nc/s  CoHnti)  Press^  came 
first  to  Fountain  in  February,  1879.  The  town  soon  contained  a 
two-stoi-y  printing  office,  a  hotel,  two  blacksmith  shops,  a  school 
house,  and  dwelling  houses,  besides  a  Baptist  Church  organization. 
Mr.  J.  0.  Walker  was  the  first  proprietor  of  the  Fountain  Hotel. 
The  town  was  named  Fountain  from  several  natural  fountains,  or 
springs,  owned  by  Mr.  Walker,  and  subsequently  sold  with  his 
claim  by  him  to  A.  A.  Stevens.  Although  the  exigencies  of  pio- 
neer growth  demanded  a  different  municipal  location,  yet  the 
country,  in  and  about  Fountain,  has  in  no  wise  suffered  from  the 
removal  of  the  projected  town,  being  well  settled,  well  improved, 
and  in  every  respect  a  desirable  portion  of  a  justly  appreciated  and 
richly  endowed  county. 

A  well  known,  and  thoroughly  reliable  money  dealer  does  not 
put  the  general  condition  aud  prospects  of  Brookings  County  any 
too  strongly,  when  in  a  business  address  to  his  "constituency"  he 
observes : 


BROOKINGS   COUNTY.  135 


''Impressed  by  a  firm  belief  in  the  wonderful  development  now 
taking  place,  and  still  more  largely  to  be  realized  in  Dakota,  our 
resident  partner,  before  locating  in  Brookings,  made  an  examina- 
tion of  the  southeastern  tier  of  counties — the  older  and  more 
thickly  populated — commencing  opposite  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and 
going  up  the  valley  of  the  Big  Sioux  River,  extending  his  trip 
over  a  range  of  two  and  three  counties  west  of  the  Iowa  and  Min- 
nesota State  lines. 

''Everywhere  farm  houses  dotted  the  landscape.  Towns  and 
villages  are  springing  into  being  with  a  rapidity  unparalleled;  the 
larger,  with  populations  varying  from  800  to  2,500,  forty  to  sixty 
miles  apart,  and  interspersed  between,  at  distances  of  six  to  fifteen 
miles,  smaller  hamlets  and  villages.  On  the  rich  bottom  lands  the 
grass,  swaying  in  waves,  reiiched  above  the  backs  of  the  liorses, 
and  the  farmers  were  busily  at  work  with  mowers  cutting  it  by 
the  hundreds  of  tons,  while  in  the  higher  portions  immence  fields 
of  wheat,  cut  and  shocked,  awaited  the  threshers. 

"Brookings  County  is  justly  called  the  'Banner  County  of  the 
Sioux  Valley.'  Situated  in  the  central  belt  of  Southeastern  Da- 
kota, it  reaches  west  thirty-six  miles  from  the  Minnesota  State 
line,  across  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Big  Sioux,  and  extends  twenty- 
four  miles  north  to  south.  Its  surface,  in  general,  is  a  gently 
rolling  prairie,  sloping  down  to  broad  and  level  meadow  lands 
along  the  streams  and  river  bottoms;  nor  is  it  anywhere  so  much 
broken  as  to  render  it  unfit  for  agricultural  purposes.  The  drainage 
is  perfect  everywhere,  and  such  a  spot  a>  waste  land  is  unknown. 
The  soil  is  a  rich,  black  alluvial  loam,  eightean  inches  to  five  feet 
in  depth,  with  a  clay  subsoil  on  the  higher  portions,  and  a  gravel 
subsoil  on  the  bottom  lands.  The  population  is  from  Minnesota, 
Wisconsin,  IMichigau,  New  York  and  Massachusetts,  interspersed 
with  a  few  Norwegians,  an  enterprising,  industrious,  temperate 
people.  The  rapidity  with  which  they  are  settling  and  improving, 
independent  of  the  actual  value  of  the  land,  makes  the  security  of- 
fered for  small  loans,  absolute. 

"Three  years  ago  all  was  government  land,  and  not  250  settlers 
in  the  county.  The  census  of  1880  gives  the  county  6,200, 
and  it  is  safe  to  estimate  it  now  at  8,000.  The  Chicago  &  Northwest- 
ern Railroad  gives  us  a  through  line  from  Fort  Pierre,  on  the  Mis- 
souri river,  two  hundred  miles  west,  to  Chicago,  dividing  the 
county  from    east  to  west    in    two  nearly  equal  sections,  while 


136  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA 

branching  oft' to  the  north,  two  lines  are  now  being  built,  one  near 
the  eastern  and  the  other  the  western  boundary,  reaching  further 
up  the  valley  to  the  counties  north,  and  ultimately  to  connect  with 
the  Northern  Pacific  Kailroad.  What,  therefore,  does  all  this  in- 
dicate? It  means  that  that  unbroken  law  of  settlement  which 
landed  first  at  Plymouth  Rock  and  New  Amsterdam,  the  Virgin- 
ias and  the  Carolinas,  and  which,  as  new  States  sprang  into  being, 
settled  first  their  eastern  boundaries,  is  but  being  repeated  in  Da- 
kota." 

Medary,  the  pioneer  settlement  of  the  county,  is  located  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Big  Sioux,  one  mile  from  the  south  county  line. 
Brookings  County  contains  518,000  acres  of  land,  which,  at  an 
average  of  twenty  bushels  to  the  acre,  would  produce  10,368,000 
bushels  of  wheat  annually.  The  winters,  as  elsewhere  in  Dakota, 
are  dry,  steady  and  clear,  with  good  roads  and  a  l>racing  atmos- 
phere. The  clay  subsoil  is  filled  with  a  deposit  of  lime,  that  gives 
great  strength  to  the  straw  and  hardness  to  the  wheat  beny.  Bar- 
ley grows  remarkably,  some  fields  having  yielded  fully  sixty  bushels 
to  the  acre.  Oats  yield  profitable  crops.  The  kind,  cjuality  and 
Cjuantities  of  corn  raised  would  do  credit  to  Iowa  and  Illinois 
Potatoes  are  raised  in  great  C[uantities  on  sod-lands,  and  winter 
wheat  does  well.  Timothy  and  clover  are  successfully  grown. 
Wild  grass  grows  largely — blue-joint,  where  the  fire  is  kept  out, 
and  the  best  of  hay  and  pasture  are  afforded.  Oxen,  cows,  cattle 
and  horses  have  wintered  on  hay  alone.  The  amount  of  meadow 
land  is  small,  in  proportion  to  the  rolling  prairie;  but  is  fine, 
smooth  and  dry,  and  cuts  from  two  to  four  tons  to  the  acre.  In 
some  places,  the  grass  can  be  tied  over  an  ordinary-sized,  horse's 
back,  and  is  so  thick  that,  when  cut  with  a  mowing  machine,  it 
leaves  a  '^swathe"  as  thick  as  that  left  by  a  scythe  in  ordinary 
grass.     The  water  is  pure,  and  the  supply  is  unlimited. 

A  Mr.  Trygstadt,  in  the  spring  of  1869,  with  his  sons,  Ole,  Mar- 
tin, Cornelius,  Erick  and  Michael;  Ole  Gjermstad,  and  Christopher 
Ballmeder,  of  Salem,  Minnesota,  settled  in  Brookings  Count3\ 
Two  years  afterwards,  they  were  joined  by  Ohms  Peterson,  Oliver 
Egaberg,  Mngnus  Nacttins,  James  Ilagan  and  Joeum  Olseii.  For 
two  years,  their  postoffice  was  at  Sioux  Falls,  sixty  miles  away; 
but,  in  about  two  years,  an  office  was  established  at  Flandreau, 
twenty  miles  from  their  location;  and  six  months  later,  Martin 
Trygstadt  received  a  postmaster's  commission — and  tlius  was  organ- 


BROOKINGS    COUNTY.  1S7 

ized  the  first  postoffi  ;2  in  Brookings  County.  For  the  first  year, 
the  nearest  trading  point  was  New  Ulm,  and  in  the  fall,  a  trip  was 
made  to  New  Ulm  with  oxen,  in  order  to  obtain  Avinter  supplies. 
Thus  the  hardy  pioneers  underwent  hardships  and  privations — the 
extent  of  which  can  hardly  be  appreciated  at  this  day — in  order 
that  "civilization  should  blossom  as  the  rose,"  in  Dakota. 

The  first  business  establishment  in  Brookings  County  was  started 
by  James  Natesta  in  the  autumn  of  1873.  He  commenced  the 
mercantile  business  in  a  little  log  house  near  Erick  Trygstadt. 
His  entire  stock  invoiced  fifty  dollars.  He  occupied  with  his  bus- 
iness one  corner  of  the  room,  the  remainder  of  which  was  used  as 
a  bed-room,  kitchen  and  parlor.  The  cracks  between  the  logs 
were. not  plastered,  and  it  was  "nice  and  cool;"  but  when  the  pro- 
prietor of  this  extensive  business  establishment  awoke  one  cold 
winter  morning,  and  found  two  inches  of  snow  on  his  bed,  he  con- 
cluded about  as  judicious  a  thing  as  could  be  done,  was  to  "cork 
up  the  cracks."  The  house  was  some  distance  from  neighbors, 
and  as  our  merchant  was  not  then  blessed  with  a  "beltjr-half,"  a 
local  chronicler  has  it  that  he  used  to  go  out  doors  for  amusement, 
of  evenings,  and  shout  with  all  his  might  and  main,  in  order  to 
break  the  painful  stillness  of  his  surroundings.  In  the  fall  of 
1874,  Mr.  Natesta  removed  to  Medary. 

A  terrific  tornado  visited  Brookings  County  on  Sunday,  August 
3d,  1879,  at  about  10:30  o'clock  of  that  night.  The  track  of  the 
storm  was  about  one  and  one-half  miles  in  width.  Great  quantities  of 
rain  fell,  and  in  some  localities,  hail.  At  Fountain,  and  elsewhere, 
houses  were  blown  down,  grain  damaged,  property  of  all  sorts 
strewn  about,  and  a  number  of  people  were  injured,  but,  fortu- 
nately, none  fatally. 

A  letter  From  Charles  E.  Simmons,  dated  September  30,  1870, 
to  William  H.  Skinner,  contains  the  information  that  "  The  toAvn 
on  range  46  is  'Verdi;'  the  one  on  49,  'Aurora;'  the  one  on  50,  'Brook- 
ings;' the  one  on  51, 'Volga;'  the  one  on  53,  'Nordland;'  one  on  56 
'  DeSmet;'  the  one  on  58,  '  Iroquois;'  the  one  on  60,  '  Cavour,'  and 
the  one  on  61  and  62,  '  Huron.'"  Mr.  Simmons  was  Land  Com- 
missioner of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Raih-oad  Company. 

The  County  Officers  of  Brookings  county  at  the  time  of  writing 
are:  Commissioners — Martin  Trygstadt,  Frank  Pond,  D.  S.  Bone- 
steel.  Sheriff— T.  G.  Risum.  Treasurer— H.  T.  Odegard.  Regis- 
ter of  Deeds — James  Hauxhurst.     Judge  of  Probate — L.  L.  Jones. 


13S  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

Snperinteudent  of  Schools — W.  E.  Hendricks.     Surveyor — F.   H- 
Newtou.     Assessor — P.  J.  Haserman.  -Jr. 


BROOKINGS. 

A  portion  of  ibis  thriving  town,  and  County  Seat  of  Brookings 
County,  was  surveyed  and  platted  on  the  3d  and  4th  of   October, 

1879,  six  blocks  being  "  laid  off"  into  lots.  Mr.  Hopp  moved  the 
Brookings  County  Press  to  Brookings  from  Fountain  on  the  18th 
of  the  same  month,  and  a  general  migration  to  the  new  town  from 
Fountain  began.  The  town  of  Brookings  is  only  four  miles  south 
of  the  geographical  center  of  the  county.  The  question  of  the  loca- 
tion of  the  County  Seat  came  up  at  the  election  in  November,  1880, 
the  seat  of  the  county  government  being  as  a  result  removed  from 
Medary  to  Brookings.  On  the  2d  day  of  October,  1879,  the  first 
railroad  train — under  the  proprietorship  of  the  Winona  &  St.  Pe- 
ter Railroad  Company — crossed  the  line  into  Brookings  County. 
The  first  issue  of  the  Press  at  Brookings  was  under  date  of  Octo- 
ber 28,  1879.  On  the  17th,  of  November,  1879^  the  first  car  load 
of  lumber  arrived  at  Brookings.  The  town  is  located  on  section 
26,  town  110,  range  50,  and  was  incorporated  under  special  act  in 
April,  1881.  G.  W.  Pierce,  Drs.  Kelsey  and  Higgms,  G.  W.  Hopp, 
G.  L.  Smith,  W.  H.  Skinner,  R.  H.  Williams,  W.  H.  Shortley  and 
others,  were  among  the  first  to  select  business  locations. 

The  Sioux  Valley  Journal  was  established  at  Brookings  in  March, 

1880,  by  J.  M.  Miles  and  W.  H.  Skinner,  the  latter  gentleman  re- 
tiring in  January,  1881.  Mr.  Skinner  now  occupies  the  responsi- 
ble position  of  Clerk  of  the  Courts. 

Business  of  all  kinds  is  well  and  extensively  represented,  the 
buildings  being  exceptionally  creditable  in  appearance.  The  pri- 
vate residences  and  hotels  are  also  attractive  in  appearance,  and  aid 
materially  in  making  up  the  tout  ensemble  of  a  prosperous,  pro- 
gressive and  beautiful  little  city. 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS  A  XD  SOCIETIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  the  autumn 
of  1879,  its  first  pastor  being  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dibbles.  Rev.  J. 
Jeftrey  is  -the  pastor  in  charge.  As  yet  the  Baptist  Society  has 
no  regular  supply.  Both  churqh  organizations  have  handsome 
and  commodious  church  edifices.  The  large  and  well  furnished 
school   building  was  erected  in   the  spring  of    1880.      Miss  Van 


BROOKINGS.  139 


Diisen  is  the  Principal.  Both  the  religious  and  educational  inter- 
ests of  Brookings  are  well  attended  to,  thus  forming  an  element  of 
attraction  for  the  most  desirable  class  of  immigration. 

The  Legislative  Assembly,  at  its  last  session,  passed  an  act  locat- 
ing a  Territorial  Agricultural  College  at  Brookings,  provided  that 
the  citizens  donate  eighty  acres  of  land  to  the  Territory  for  such 
purpose;  which  provision  was  duly  attended  to  in  September  last, 
the  designated  number  of  acres  being  purchased  by  private  sub- 
scription at  a  cost  of  $600,  the  land  adjoining  the  town  on  the 
northeast — and,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  state,  the  forthcoming 
appropriation  is  now  confidently  awaited.  This  will  add  greatly 
to  the  Territorial  importance,  as  well  as  to  the  educational  and 
financial  prosperit}^,  of  this  very  enterprising  town. 

Brookings  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  was  instituted  in  the  autumn 
of  1880,  under  dispensation  from  Grand  Master  George  H.  Hand, 
of  Yankton.  The  Lodge's  first  ofiicers  were:  George  W.  Pierce, 
W.  M.;  J.  J.  George,  S.  W.;  W.  G.  Lockhart,  J.  W.;  A.  J.  Dox, 
Secretary:  George  Morehouse,  Treasurer;  E.  B.  Hart,  S.  D.;  J.  0. 
Walker,  J.  D.  The  present  ofiicers  are:  George  W.  Pierce,  W. 
M.;  A.  J.  Dox,  S.  W.:  W.  H.  Roddle,  Secretary;  George  More- 
house, Treasurer;  E.  B.  Hart,  S.  D.;  J.  0.  Walker,  J.  D.  The 
condition  of  this  Lodge  is  excellent,  and  its  prospects  unusually 
flattering. 

A  Lodge  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  was  expected 
to  be  organized  during  the  season  just  ended,  which  organization 
has  doubtless  ere  this  been  perfected. 

The  Brookings  Cornet  Band,  although  organized  as  recently  as 
June  of  the  present  year,  has  made  remarkable  progress,  and  is  a 
credit  to  the  community,  as  is  also  the  Brookings  Dramatic  Club, 
which  afi'orded  entertainments  of  a  high  order  during  the  winter 
of  1880-81. 

The  Brookings  County  Agricultural  Society  and  Mechanics' 
Institute  was  organized  in  June,  1880,  the  first  annual  fair  having 
been  held  in  September  of  that  year.  The  second  annual  fair  was 
held  September  28,  29  and  30,  of  the  present  year.  The  grounds 
are  extensive  and  convenient  of  access,  a  number  of  substantial 
buildings  having  already  been  erected.  The  officers  qf  the  Asso- 
ciation are:  President — T.  Q.  Loveland.  Vice-President — Robert 
Hughson.  Secretary — J.  M.  Miles.  Treasurer — George  W. 
Pierce. 


140  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 


Greenwood  Cemetery  Association  was  chartered  June  10,  1881. 
The  Directors  are:  L.  L.  Jones,  C.  AV.  Higgins,  Knud  Thompson, 
W.  H.  Roddle,  T.  R.  Qualley.  George  W.  Pierce  is  President; 
R.  H.  Williams,  Secretary;  George  Morehouse,  Treasurer. 

OFFICIAI-  DIKECTOIiV. 

Ma!/or.—n.  S.  HacUey. 

Recorder — P.  C.  Johnson. 

Treasurer — Geo.  Morehouse. 

Justice— R.  S.  HacUey. 

Marshal— Orin  Walker. 

Councihnen—R.  H.  Williams,  Geo.  A.  Mathews,  Horace  Fishback. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTOKY. 

Atfornei/s—Maihev^s  8:  Scobey,  Katwick  &  Diamond,  R.  S.  Hatlley. 

AgricultHraJ  InqyJemenis — Kelsey  Bros.,  Thompson  and  Odegard,  V.  C. 
Dillingham. 

Boots  and  Shoes— T.  R.  Qualley. 

Barber — L.  Chapman. 

Books  a)id  Stationery— C.  W.  Higgins,  E.  E.  Gaylord. 

Banks— Q&rik  of  Brookings,  Geo.  Morehouse,  Cashier;  Brookings  County 
Bank,  Olds  &  Fishback. 

Blacksmiths— FA.  Williams,  M.  B.  Runyon. 

Boarding  Houses — S.  J.  Severson. 

Contractors  and  Builders— U.  W.  Mclntyre,  L.  L.  Jones,  A.  H.  Wellman. 

Druggists— G.  L.  Smith,  C.  W.  Higgins. 

Drai/age—k.  A.Robinson. 

Depot  Agent — H.  G.  Smith. 

Elerators-Ymn  Dusen  <t  Co.,  H.  G.  Lawshe  agent;  Winona  Mill  Co.,  C.  W. 
Wiiliams  agent. 

Furniture — E.  E.  Gaj-lord. 

Flour  and  Feed — R.  M.  Crawford. 

Fuel — Thompson,  Odegard  &  Co..  Van  Dusen  &:  Co. 

General  Merchandise— R.  H.  Williams,  C.  G.  Leyse  <fc  Co.,  Olds  A:  Fishback, 
Magnussen  &  Oefstos,  John  Olson. 

Groceries — G.  W.  Pierce,  C.  Garlick. 

Horse  Market — Lawshe  &  Pool. 

Hotels — Brookmgs  House,  J.  0.  Walker;  Commercial  House,  A.  A.  Aikin; 
Christiania  House,  Geo.  G.  Rude. 

Hardware— k.  J.  Dox,  P.  C.  Johnson,  W.  H.  Rodlle. 

Harness  and  Saddlery — Adams  Bros. 

Insurance— ^.lathews  &  Scobay,  Natwick  &  Diamond,  Olds  &  Fishback. 

Jewelers — Chas.  Gagel,  P.  Hansen. 

Lumber— Land,  Norton  &  Co.,  0.  C.  Johnson,  Agent;  Youmans  Bros.  & 
Hodgius,  W.  G.  Lockhart,  Agent. 

Lirerif—W.  J.  Pool,  Howard  &  McMurphy. 

Meat  Market— Mndgp.t  <fe  Roddl". 

Millinery— Mrs.  V.  C.  Dillingham,  Mrs.  R.  S.  Hadley. 


VOLGA.  141 

Newspapers — Brookings  Qonnty  Press,  Geo.  W.  Hopp,  Editor  and  Proprietor; 
Sioux  Valley  Journal,  J.  M.  Miles,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Photographer — E.  E.  Gaylord. 

Phi/siciatis — C.  W.  Higgins,  G.  J.  Colla". 

Real  Estate  and  Loan — Mathews  &  Scobey,  Natwick  &  Diamond,  Wilson, 
Toms  &  Co.,  W.  H.  Skinner. 

Masons~-n.  P.  Child,  Olin  &  Dufoe. 

Painter—W.  J.  Tucker. 

Saloons — Deeth  &  Russell,  William  Mad.len. 

Undertal-er—E.  E.  Gaylord. 

Veterinari)  Surgeon,  S.  N.  Blair. 

Wagon  Making — Daniel  Doughty. 


VOLGA. 


I 


The  beginning  of  this  prosperous  and  promising  town  substan- 
tially dates  from  September,  1879,  in  which  month  Volga  was 
platted  by  Col.  Jacoby,  the  platting  agent  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  Company.  The  land  on  which  the  townsite  is 
located,  was  owned  by  Nicolai  Evenson,  Hans  Terkelsen,  Alex. 
Johnson  and  Lewis  Johnson,  who  each  donated  forty  acres  of  land 
for  townsite  purposes,  making  these  relinquishments  as  an  induce- 
ment to  the  Railroad  Company  to  locate  a  station  at  that  point. 
For  some  time — from  November,  1879,  to  May,  1880 — Volga  was 
the  terminus  of  the  road,  and  under  the  stimulus  which  this  fact 
gave  to  it,  its  settlement  and  growth  during  this  period  were  as- 
tonishingly rapid.  The  end  of  the  railroad  track  reached  Volga 
about  the  15th  of  November,  1879.  The  agents  of  the  Company 
until  late  in  the  winter,  transacted  business  in  a  box  car  on  a  side 
track,  and  a  number  of  the  employes  boarded  and  lodged  in  a 
boarding  car.  The  first  hotel  was  the  "Pioneer,"  the  construction 
of  which  was  begun  by  Johnson  Harris  in  September,  1879.  For 
the  time  the  accommodations  at  this  hostlery  were  sufficiently  rude, 
the  partitions  consisting  of  army  blankets.  Miller  Willson  built 
the  second  hotel,  forty  or  fifty  boarders  taking  lodgings  therein 
long  prior  to  its  completion.  I.  P.  Farrington  built  the  present 
Farrington  House  in  the  winter  of  1879-80,  but  the  house  was 
not  fairly  opened  for  business  until  the  spring  of  the  latter  year. 
Norton  Bros,  were  the  proprietors  of  the  Railroad  Boarding 
House. 

During  the  winter  of  1879-80,  there  was   a  very   considerable 
floating  population,  there  being  probably  three  hundred  employes 


]42  HISTORY   OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

located  at  Volga,  every  place  of  entertainment  being  more  than 
comfortably  crowded.  The  spring  of  1880.  began  with  bright  pros- 
pects for  the  embryo  town.  Building  went  on  apace,  although  the 
inhabitants  suffered  somewhat  from  limited  capital  for  investment. 
The  population,  as  will  be  seen,  was  necessarily  of  a  more  or  less 
temporary  character;  yet  the  town  has  more  than  ''held  its  own," 
and  a  succession  of  good  crops  will  place  it  on  a  permanently  envi- 
able footing.  Much  good  was  accomplished  in  the  way  of  bridge 
building,  mainly  through  the  energetic  instrumentality  of  Mr. 
Charles  Keith,  in  the  fall  and  winter  of  1870-80,  which  winter,  it  is 
well  remembered,  was  a  particularly  "open'"  one,  wheat  being 
sown  in  the  month  of  February.  A  gratifying  fact  is,  that  during 
all  floods  and  seasons  of  high-Avaters,  Volga  has  been  "  high  and 
dry,"  beyond  the  reach  of  danger  from  that  very  troublesome 
source. 

The  first  deed  of  real  estate  in  Volga  was  made  April  14,  1880, 
by  Albert  Keep  and  wife — representing  the  Railroad  Company — to 
Charles  Keith,  and  transferred  lot  number  six  in  block  one. 

L.  V.  Rich's  '-Rich  Hotel"  was  built  in  the  winter  of  1879-80. 
The  principal  pioneer  business  men  were  H.  Kirby,  Nils  Kjos, 
Hatheron  &  Son,  T.  H.  Maguire  &  Company,  Harkins  &  Rowley, 
James  W.  Ask,  and  others.  The  town  may  very  properly  pride 
itself  on  the  excellent  class  of  business  men  in  general  which  its 
inducements  have  attracted.  The  well  known  and  extensive  busi- 
ness firms  of  G.  W.  Van  Dusen  &  Co.,  the  Winona  Mill  Company, 
Youmans  Bros.  &  Hodgins,  Laird,  Norton  &  Co.,  are  well  repre- 
sented by  the  following  efficient  managers,  respectively:  Charles 
Keith,  John  Albertson,  C.  L.  Warner  and  L.  Johnson. 

Volga  is  located  on  sections  14,  15,  and  23,  forty  acres  in  each, 
town  110,  range  51.  The  population  is  about  four  hundred. 
Town  lots  were  surveyed — blocks  one,  two,  three  and  four — at  the 
first  survey,  the  first  lot  being  occupied  by  H.  Kirb}^  The  first 
building  on  the  townsite  was  erected  by  Nils  Kjos,  the  second 
building  by  Kirby.  The  first  family  to  arrive  was  that  of  Mr.  J. 
Harris,  on  the  6th  of  October,  1879.  0.  L.  Anderson,  the  first 
harness  maker,  came  on  the  same  date.  October  Sth,  1879,  is  the 
date  of  the  first  well  digged  in  Volga,  which  was  by  E.  M.  Lenan- 
der  for  Harris.  E.  Nelson  moved  his  blacksmith  shop  from  Ren- 
shaw  on  the  10th  of  October.  On  the  13th,  Frank  Cline,  the  first 
blacksmith  in  Volga,  began  operations.      Lewis   Wilson,  the  first 


VOLGA.  143 

shoemaker,  came  October  22d.  The  first  passenger  train  arrived 
November  17th.  The  first  public  worship  in  Volga  was  held  Jan- 
uary •ith,  1880,  Rev.  W.  L.  Alexander,  Presbyterian,  officiating. 
The  first  death  to  occur  was  that  of  Willis  Mowl,  March  9th,  1880; 
the  first  settler  to  enter  the  bonds  of  matrimony,  was  P.  Balgord, 
the  pioneer  wagon  and  carriage  maker,  on  the  31st  day  of  March, 
1880.  The  first  birth  to  occur  in  the  vicinity,  after  the  starting 
of  the  town,  was  a  son,  to  C.  C.  Saunders,  living  on  the  forty  acres 
subsequently  donated  by  Lewis  Johnson  as  part  of  the  townsite. 

The  character  of  the  soil  in  this  section,  is  that  of  a  dark  loam, 
varying  in  depth  from  six  to  twelve  feet,  before  the  gravel  is 
reached.  As  you  go  west  to  Nordlaud,  this  depth  increases  to 
from  twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet.  The  subsoil  is 
of  clay.  The  w^ater  supply  is  abundant  and  easily  reached.  The 
county,  along  the  Sioux  River,  is  mainly  inhabited  by  Scandina- 
vians, nationalities  being  vastly  more  varied  seven  or  eight  miles 
to  the  north.  From  Volga,  north  and  south,  the  country  is  very 
well  settled.  There  are  several  hundred  acres  of  burr-oak  timber 
in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Tetonkaha.  Oakwood,  on  this  lake,  was 
first  settled  in  1878. 

Mr.  Charles  Keith,  who  has  in  every  respect  proved  an  energetic 
promoter  of  the  interests  of  Volga  and  vicinity,  first  came  to  Volga 
September  25th,  187D,  for  the  purpose  of  looking  up  business 
prospects  generally.  Mr.  Keith  first  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade, 
and  received  the  first  car-load  of  lumber  delivered  in  Volga,  on 
November  18,  1879.  He  represented  Laird,  Norton  &  Co.,  of  Wi- 
nona, Minn.  At  that  time,  the  people  who  were  unable  to  procure 
lumber,  occupied  canvas  tents.  The  first  lumber  was  taken  imme- 
diately from  the  cars  by  the  purchasers,  having  been  bought  be- 
fore unloading. 

CHURCHES  AND  SCHOOLS. 

The  Presbyterian  and  the  Congregational  Societies  have  each  an 
appropriate  building.  The  Presbyterian  Society  was  organized  in 
1879.  The  first  pastor  was  the  Rev.  William  Carroll.  Rev.  John 
B.  Taylor  is  the  pastor  at  the  time  of  writing.  The  Congrega- 
tional Society  was  organized  in  the  summer  of  the  present  year. 
The  Schools  of  Volga  are  in  excellent  condition. 

The  Brookings  County  Agricultural  and  Driving  Park  Associa- 
tion, of  Volga,  was  organized  in  the  autumn  of  1880.  Its  officers 
are  as  follows:  Board  of  Directors — George  Henry,  Thomas  Bandy, 


144  HISTORY    OK    SOCTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

T.  H.  Maguire,  Peter  Balgord  William  Nichols,  J.  W.  Ask,  E. 
Engleson,  J.  P.  Farrington.  Page  Downing,  Peter  Lindskog,  H. 
L.  Wadsworth.  President — George  Henry.  Secretary — E.  Eng- 
leson.  Treasurer — H.  L.  Wadsworth.  The  grounds  of  the  Asso- 
ciation are  one-half  mile  southwest  of  town,  and  are  excellently 
adapted  to  the  purposes  for  which  they  are  used.  There  is  a  first- 
class  half-mile  track.  The  second  annual  fair  was  held  September 
21,  22  and  23  of  the  present  year.  Competition  in  all  classes 
is  unlimited,  and  the  exhibits  are  unusually  good. 

UrsiNKSS  DIRECTORY. 

Attorney— V.  Philip  Cady. 

Agricultural  Impleinoits. — John  Albertson,  T.  H.  Maguire,  Chas.  Keith. 

Barber— B.  F.  Gates. 

Boots  and  Shoes. — Joseph  Daum. 

Blacksmith. — H.  C.  Loomis. 

Bakery. — C.  S.  Johnson. 

Contractors  and  Builders. — John  Ike,  W.  F.  Williams,  W.  E.  Tubbs. 

Civil  Engineer. — Jacob  Brown. 

Druggists. — A.  C.  Porter,  C.  H.  Drinker. 

Draymen. — Stewart  &  Hunt,  C.  T.  Wilson. 

Depot  Agent. — H.  L.  Wadsworth. 

Elevators. — Van  Dusen  &  Co.,  Chas.  Keith.  Manager. 

Furniture. — A.  D.  Harrison. 

Flour  and  Feed. — W.  M.  Nichols,  Chas.  Keith  for  Van  Dusen  &  Co. 

General  Merchandise. — Henry  Kirby,  Hai-kins  &  Rowley,  J.  W.  Ask,  Wm. 
Fisher  &  Co.,  Seielstad  &  Hansen. 

Hotels. — Farrington  House,  J.  P.  Farrington;  Rich  House,  L.  V.  Rich;  Will- 
son  House,  Miller  Wilson:  Farmers"  Home,  P.  C.  Ford;  Skandinavisk  House, 
T.  R.  Jevne. 

Hardware. — Nils  Kjos,  T.  H.  Maguire  &  Co. 

Harness  and  Saddlery. — 0.  L.  Anderson. 

Insurance. — Mitchell  &  Engleson. 

Jeweler. — A.  C.  Porter. 

Lumber. — Laird.  Norton  &  Co.,  C.  L.  Warner;  Younians  Bros.  S:  Hodgins, 
L.  Johnson,  agent. 

Livery. — Stewart  tt  Hunt. 

Masons. — F.  S.  Idell,  C.  McCreery. 

Meat  Markets. — El.  Achenbach.  Carl  Sec. 

Millinery  and  Dressmaking. — Miss  K.  C.  Ryan. 

Newspaper. — Dakota  Gazette,  Geo.  W.  Brown,  p]ditor  and  Proprietor. 

Photographer.— W.  H.  DeGraff. 

Postmaster. — Jacob  Brown . 

Physician — W.  H.  Everhard. 

Real  Estate,  Loans  and  Collections — Mitchell  Si  Engleson,  P.  Philip  Cadv, 
CM.  Story. 

Saloons — E.  Snider.  T.  P.  Farrington. 

Undertaker — A.  D.  Harrison. 

Wagon  and  Carriage  \f'orks — P.  Balgord. 


BROOKIKGS  AND   KINGSBURY   COUNTIEe.  145 

ELKTON. 

The  town  of  Elkton,  which  is  a  lively,  growing  place,  was  plat- 
ted in  the  spring  of  1880,  and  has  a  population  of  about  two  hun- 
dred people.  It  is  situated  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  and  has  numerous  advantages,  both  in  point  of 
location  and  in  every  evidence  of  thrift.  In  fact,  the  town  would 
astonish  the  ordinary  traveler.  Every  branch  of  business  is  well 
represented.  Its  stores,  its  buildings  and  its  population  are  in 
keeping  with  Dakota's  rapid  '^onward  march.''  A  business  direc- 
tory of  the  town  would  read  somewhat  as  follows: 

General  Merchandise — A.  W.  Blancharcl  &  Co.,  John  Black,  A.  F.  Henry. 

Hardware — W.  H.  Carnell,  0.  T.  Grattan. 
[^Harness  and  Saddler)/ — S.  R,  Stevens. 

Hotels — Metropolitan,  Elkton  House. 

Blacksmiths — 0.  Pencil,  Ed.  Johnson. 

Lumber — Laird,  Norton  &  Co.,  W.  0.  Barnes,  Youmans  Bros.  &  Hodgins,  T 
V.  Braitliwait. 

Druggist — F.  L.  Skillman. 

Meat  Market — H.  C.  Chamberlain. 

Bestaura)tfs — John  F.  Mead,  M.  Collins. 


KINGSBURY  COUNTY. 

The  county  of  Kingsbury  is  being  rapidly  populated.  It  is  rich 
in  resources,  as,  indeed,  is  every  other  county  within  the  limits  of 
Southeastern  Dakota.  Kingsbury  County  was  organized  Decem- 
ber 13, 1879,  its  first  Commissioners  being  Henry  J.  J.  Burvie,  Ben- 
jamin Loker,  Herbert  II.  Palmer.  Its  principal  settlements  are  De 
Smet,  Fairview,  Lake  Thompson,  Spring  Lake,  Lake  Badger,  Pleas- 
ant Valley,  Nordland  and  Lake  Preston.  At  the  latter  prosperous 
settlement  most  favorable  evidences  of  the  promising  future  of 
Kingsbury  County  are  to  be  found.  The  village  of  Lake  Preston 
was  started  in  July  of  the  present  year.  Mr.  T.  H.  Maguire.of  T. 
H.  Maguire  &  Co.,  of  Volga,  located  the  town.  Lake  Preston  is 
situated  ten  miles  east  of  DeSmet  and  twelve  miles  west  of  Nord- 
land in  the  center  of  a  tine  farming  country.  Nearly  all  branches 
of  trade  are  represented.  A  steam  elevator  and  a  flouring  mill  are 
in  process  of  construction.  The  population  is  about  150.  There 
is  a  good  class  of  buildings,  and  the  town  is  destined  to  be  one  of  the 
best  in  that  region  of  country.  Mr.  Maguire  has  started,  near  Lake 
Preston,  a  blooded-stock  farm,  having  already  a  fine  herd  of  Jerseys 


Hid  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERNDAKOTA. 

and  a  number  oi  pure-blooded  trotters,  of  Hambletonian  and  Mam- 
brino  stock.  Mr.  Maguire  has  named  his  farm  the  Milwaukee 
Stud  Farm,  Lake  Preston  is  about  seven  miles  long  and  one  and 
one-half]miles  wide.  DeSmet,  the  County  Seat,  is  a  thriving  and 
rapidly  growing  town. 


HAMLN  COUNTY. 

North  of  Kingsbury  and  Brooking  Ccunties,  is  Hamlin  County, 
possessing  a  vast  area  of  most  excellent  farming  and  stock-raising 
lands.  This  county  w^as  organized  August  12th,  1878,  Jacob  Han- 
son, Magnus  Hanson  and  Lewis  Nelson  being  the  first  Commis- 
sioners. The  following  are  the  remaining  County  Officers  first  ap- 
pointed: Sheriff,  James  Boswell;  Treasurer,  Jacob  Cass;  Clerk  and 
Register  of  Deeds,  J.  M.  Hoyt:  Judge  of  Probate.  G.  W.  Hubbell; 
Surveyor  and  Clerk  of  Court,  E.  S.  Ricklin. 

The  present  officers  are  as  follows:  Commissioners — Jacob 
Cass,  William  Marshall,  J.  D.  Riley.  Sheriff — Samuel  Colgrove. 
Treasurer — H.  P,  Horswill.  Clerk  and  Register  of  Deeds — J.  M. 
Hoyt.  Judge  of  Probate — Jacob  Cass.  Surveyor — William  Fitz- 
gerald. Superintendent  of  Schools — A.  I.  Darnell.  Assessor — 0. 
H.  Merrick.     Clerk  of  Court — C.  P.  Parsons. 

Estelline  is  the  County  Seat.  Hamlin  County  contains  a  num- 
ber of  very  extensive  and  finely  managed  farms  or  "ranches,''  par- 
ticular mention  being  due  to  the  well  knoAvn  '"Keator  Ranch.'' 
This  farm  is  owned  by  J.  S.  Keator,  of  Moline,  HI.,  and  embraces 
ten  thousand  acres^  two  thousand  of  which  are  under  cultivation. 
The  writer  had  the  pleasure  to  be  enabled  to  personally  inspect 
this  magnificent  farm.  The  estimated  Avheat  yield  of  this  farm, 
for  1882,  with  anything  like  an  average  season,  is  twent}' thousand 
bushels.  AVillium  Marshall  is  the  manager  in  charge,  and  is  a 
gentleman  who  Avell  understands  how  to  so  conduct  the  immense 
enterprise  as  to  make  it  as  profitable  as  it  should  be.  Keator  Post- 
office  is  located  on  this  farm,  Avhicli  is  about  thirteen  miles  south 
of  Watertown.  Mr.  Marshall  is  the  Postmaster.  Stock  raising  is 
largely  entered  into  on  this  "ranch."  As  might  be  expected,  a 
large  force  of  employes  is  necessary. 


DEUEL,    GEANT    AND    CLARK   COUNTIES.  147 

DEUEL  COUNTY. 

East  of  Hamlin  is  Deuel  County,  some  account  of  whose  organ- 
ization is  to  be  found  elsewhere  in  these  pages.  This  growing 
County  was  organized  April  ^6,  1878.  Its  first  Commissioners 
were:  Capt.  H.  N.  Herrick,  B.J.  Cochran,  Andrew.!.  Torgenson 
W.  H.  Stanley  was  the  first  Treasurer;  G.  W.  Baillet,  Judge  of 
Probate;  H.  H.  Herrick,  Surveyor;  M.  G.  Cobb,  Assessor;  Its  present 
officers  are:  County  Commissioners — Chairman,  Jacob  Fraker;  H. 
H.  Herrick,  Erick  E.  Distad.  Register  of  Deeds — Fred  .1.  Bowman 
County  Treasurer— W.  H.  Stanley.  Sheriff— H.  H.  Whetstone. 
Judge  of  Probate, — G.  W.  Baillet.  Surveyor — W.  L.  Brown.  Sup- 
erintendent of  Schools — C.  B.  Westcott. 

Gary,  the  County  Seat,  is  a  prosperous  town  of  some  four  hun- 
dred inhabitants,  with  churches,  schools  and  all  the  concomitants 
of  a  growing  civilization,  and  with  hotel  and  other  business  accom- 
modations of  all  desirable  kinds.  Capt.  Herrick,  the  proprietor  of 
the  Herrick  House,  came  to  Deuel  County  August  -Ith,  1871,  en- 
tered the  first  land  in  the  county,  made  the  first  final  proof,  and 
to  his  ''better-half,"  was  born  the  first  child  in  Deuel  County. 
The  county  of  Deuel  is  attracting  large  numbers  of  the  lest 
classes  of  immigration,  and  may  be  set  down  as  one  of  the  perma- 
nently prosperous  counties  of  Southeastern  Dakota. 


GRANT  COUNTY. 

The  county  of  Grant,  north  of  Deuel,  was  organized  January  5, 
1878,  Solomon  Roberts,  James  G.  Lamdreaux  and  Levi  C.  Card 
being  its  first  Commissioners.  Lockwood,  Osceola,  Parnell,  Kil- 
born,  Milbank,  Twin  Brooks,  Granville,  Yellow  Bank,  Grant  Cen- 
ter, Brown  Earth  and  Troy  are  its  principal  settlements. 


CLARK  COUNTY. 

West  of  the  populous  county  of  Codington  is  the  rich  and  fer- 
tile county  of  Clark.  Among  the  first  settlers — if  not  the  first 
settler — was  John  Bailey,  who  located  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
county  in  l&7c.  The  first  persons  to  take  land  about  the  County 
Seat,  were  M.  V.  B.  Hutchinson,  Frank  Hoskins,  S.  J.  Conklin, 
and  Mrs.  M.  E.  Greenslet,  who  located  land  on  the  same  day  in 
September,  1879.  Clark  is  the  County  Seat  of  Clark  County,  and 
is  located  on  section  6,  town  116,  range  57.      The  county  was  or- 


148  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

gauizetl  May  23d,  1881.  The  officers  appointed  Avere:  Commis- 
siouers — M.  V.  B.  Hutchinson,  John  Bailey,  James  Hosmer. 
Sheriff— Mervin  Wait.  Register  of  Deeds— J.  A.  Williams. 
Treasurer — R.  W,  Day.  Judge  of  Probate — S.  J.  Conkliu.  Su- 
perintendent of  Schools — Walter  Hern.  Assessor— David  Hern. 
Surveyor — S.  Yeomans.  Justices  of  the  Peace — S.  G.  Updyke, 
William  M.  Tripp.  Clerk  of  the  Court—E.  F.  Conklin.  The 
extension  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad  from  Water- 
toAvn  is  already  graded  as  far  as  the  County  Seat  of  Clark  County. 
The  description  of  the  nature  and  character  of  the  soil,  applied  to 
the  counties  generally  in  Southeastern  Dakota,  applies  equally  to 
Clark  County. 

SPINK   COUNTY. 

This  county,  which  lies  west  of  Clark,  is  destined  in  the  progress 
of  events  to  take  rank  as  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  the  coun- 
ties described  in  this  work.  It  is  one  of  the  i-ichest  portions  of 
the  famous  "Jim"  River  Valley,  and  is  attracting  immigration  at 
a  rate  which  would  greatly  astonish  the  staid  inhabitants  of  the 
East.  The  county  was  named  in  honor  of  the  late  Hon.  S.  L. 
Spink,  of  Yankton.  Spink  County  was  organized  July  22d,  1879. 
its  first  Commissioners  being  George  M.  Bowman,  Charles  Foster 
and  James  B.  Churchill. 

BEADLE  COUNTY. 

This  is  one  of  the  very  best  counties  in  the  James  River  Valley. 
Among  its  first  settlers  were  Charles  Miner,  Martin  Baum,  A.  J. 
Sweetser,  S.  T.  Nelson,  James  Neilson,  E.C.Walton,  James  S. 
Bishop,  John  H.  Bishop,  Jacob  Kaup,  John  B.  Haggin  and  Wat- 
son Weed. 

The  first  County  Commissioners  were  appointed  in  July,  1880. 
These  Commissioners,  viz:  E.  C.  Waltoji,  S.  S.  Neilson  and  Chas. 
Miner,  met  July  26,  1880,  at  10  a.  m  ,  for  the  purpose  of  county 
organization,  and  appointed  the  following  County  Officers:  Sheriff" 
— Charles  Hudson.  Register  of  Deeds — J.  H.  Alexander.  Judge 
of  Probate — W.  B.  Ingersoll.  Treasurer— E.  G.  Wheeler.  Su- 
perintendent of  Schools —James  S.  Bishop.  Surveyor — W.  B. 
Joy.     Assessor — Watson  Weed. 

The  first  county  election  was  held  on  the  first  of  November, 
1880,  and  the  following  officers  were  elected:  County  Commission- 


BEADLE   COUXTY.  1-19 


ers— E.  C.  Walton,.S.  S.  Neilson,  F.  R.  Van  Dusen.  Sheriff-^Da- 
vid  Bell.  Treasurer — R.  A.  Harris.  Superintendent  of  Schools — 
J.  S.  Bishop.  Judge  of  Probate — E.  P.  Caldwell.  Register  of 
Deeds — J.  H.  Alexander;  I.  J.  Mouser,  Deputy.  Surveyor — W. 
B.  Joy.     Assessor — Charles  Hudson. 

Huron  is  the  County  Seat,  there  being  as  yet  only  three  other 
towns  organized  in  the  county,  viz:  Cavour,  nine  miles  east  of 
Huron;  Broadhead,  twelve  miles  to  the  northwest,  and  Hitchcock, 
twenty-four  miles  in  the  same  direction.  Wagner  and  Goodale 
are  two  newly  established  postoffices. 

The  present  County  Officers  are:  Commissioners — Dist.  Xo.  3, 
E.  C.  Walton,  chairman,  Huron;  term  expires  Jan.  7,  1884.  Dist. 
No.  1.  S.  S.  Neilson,  Cavour;  term  expires  Jan.  1,  1883.  Dist. 
No.  2,  Frank  Van  Dusen;  term  expires  Jan.  1,1882.  Register  of 
Deeds  and  County  Clerk — J.  H.  Alexander,  Huron;  I.  J.  Mouser, 
Deputy,  Huron.  Probate  Judge — E.  P.  Caldwell,  Huron.  Treas- 
urer— R.  A.  Harris,  Huron.  Sheriff — D.  Bell,  Huron.  Assessor 
— Chas.  Hudson,  Cavoar.  School  Supt. — Jas.  S.  Bishop,  Huron. 
Surveyor — W.  B.  Joy,  Huron.  Coroner — Hugh  Russell,  Huron. 
Justices  of  the  Peace — T.  F.  Nicholl,  Huron;  A.  H.  Risdon,  Hu- 
ron; John  H.  Bishop,  Huron;  A.  J.  Sweetser,  Cavour.  Consta- 
bles—John McDouall,  E.  M.  Chase,  Seth  Markham  and  Martin 
Baum. 


HURON. 

Huron  is  the  County  Seat  of  Beadle  JC  >i  uty,  Dakota.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  west  bank  of  the  James  River,  and  bids  fair  to  become 
the  great  railroad  center  of  Dakota.  The  Chicago  and  North- 
western main,  east  and  west  line,  passes  through  it,  and  the  same 
road  has  built  a  line  north  from  Huron  up  the  James  River,  and 
proposes  one  south  from  that  point.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  is  building  a  north  and  south  line  down  the  James  River 
Valley  through  Huron,  and  several  other  roads  are  projected  through 
this  growing  toAvn,  and  will  no  doubt  soon  be  built,  thus  throwing 
Huron  far  ahead  of  all  other  points  in  Dakota  as  a  railroad  center. 

Huron  was  laid  out  in  May,  1880,  and  to-day  is  a  town  of  1,000 
inhabitants,  and  is  growing  rapidly  in  business,  building  and  pop- 
ulation. Its  rise,  progress,  and  prospects  equal  that  of  any  fast 
growing  towns  of  the  Northwest.  Its  friends  predict  for  it  a 
future  equal  to  that  of  Omaha,  Cheyenne,  and  Minneapolis,  and  in 


150  IIISTOKY    OK   SOUTHEASTERN    ]1AK0TA. 


view  of  all  circumstances  and  surroundings,  such  expectations  are 
only  reasonable. 

The  town  of  Huron  is  located  on  tlio  west  half  of  section  6, 
town  110,  range  61,  and  in  section  1,  town  110,  range  G2,  the 
range  lines  running  through  the  center  of  the  city,  and  nearly 
through  the  center  of  the  county.  The  town  was  platted  by  Peter 
Folsoni,  a  surveyor  in  the  employ  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwest- 
ern Railroad  Company.  The  survey  was  commenced  on  the  fij&t 
day  of  May,  1880.  jb  The  first  building  Avas  begun  on  the  townsite 
on  the  day  previous  to  the  beginning  of  the  surve\'.  It  was  a 
frame  building  owned  by  John  Cain,  the  editor  of  the  Seftler,  now 
the  Time's,  and  by  W.  B.  Ingersoll.  The  first  store  Avas  built  by 
E.  G.  Wheeler,  and  used  as  a  drug  and  book  store.  The  town 
was  incorporated,  under  the  provisions  of  the  Territorial  Code,  the 
election  for  this  purj^ose  being  held  on  the  29th  day  of  January, 
1881.  On  the  19th  day  of  the  following  February,  the  first  town 
officers  were  elected,  as  follows:  Trustees — Edward  Sterling,  C. 
C.  Hills,  W.  K  Ingersoll  T.  F.  Nicholl,  S.  W.  Roberts.  Edward 
Sterling  was  the  first  President  of  the  Board.  H.  M.  Jewett  was 
Clerk,  Treasurer  and  A.ssessor.  0.  A.  Cheney  was  the  Justice  of 
the  Peace.     R.  B.  Clark  was  City  Marshal. 

The  regular  annual  election  was  held  May  2d.  1881,  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  Trustees — C.  C.  Hills,  President;  W. 
B.  Ingersoll,  John  McDonald,  Judd  Buck,  Neils  Meng.  Clerk, 
Treasurer  and  Assessor — H.  M.  Jewett.  Justice  of  the  Peace — 
E.  M.  Milliken.  Marshal--David  Bell.  AV.  H.  Davis  was  ap- 
pointed to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  removal  of  Judd  Buck 
from  the  Territory. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Huron  was  TJie  Beadle  County 
Settler,  established  March  17th,  1880,  before  the  town  was  started, 
by  John  Cain,  and  changed  to  The  JItiron  Times  June  4th,  1881  ■; 
being  then  enlarged  to  an  eight-page  paper.  The  next 
paper  started  was  the  Dakota  Central,  established  in  April, 
1880,  by  the  Dakota  Central  Publishing  Company.  A.  M. 
Jones  was  the  editor.  This  paper  was  suspended  in  Octo- 
ber, 1880,  by  the  ^'bli/.zard"  of  that  month.  The  Huron  Tri- 
bum',  was  next  established,  by  Shannon  &  Hopp,  June  2d,  1880,  and 
is  now  published  by  the  firm  of  Davis,  Shannon  &  Hopp. 

W.  B.  Ingersoll,  then  Judge  of  Probate,  performed  the  first  mar- 
riage ceremony. 


HURON.  151 

The  first  church  services  were  hekl  in  the  store-building  belong- 
ing to  E.  G.  Wheeler,  May  6,  1880,  Rev.  M.  E.  Chapin,  a  Presby- 
terian clergyman,  officiating. 

The  first  settlers  to  come  and  remain  were:  John  Cain,  W.  B. 
Ingersoll,  E.  G.  Wheeler,  M.  F.  Wright,  W,  B.  Joy,  C.  D.  Joy, 
S.  W.  Roberts,  I.  J.  Mouser,  J.  H.  Alexander,  A.  H.  Risdon,  T.  F. 
Nicholl,  T.  J.  NicholE.  P.  Caldwell,  V.  R.  Davis,  L.  J.  Corbin, 
Charles  Reed,  A.  T.  Robinson,  L.  W.  Moser,  John  McDonald,  M. 
J.  Dinneen,  Davis  Bell,  E.  M.  Chase,  and  others. 

Huron  has  a  Board  of  Trade,  organized  in  August,  1881. '  The 
membership  now  numbers  forty.  All  members  are  elected  by  bal- 
lot, and  must  be  engaged  in  some  legitimate  business.  The  officers 
of  the  Board  are:  President,  T.  J.  NichoU;  Vice  President,  W. 
B.  Ingersoll;  Secretary,  W.  T.  Love;  Treasurer,  C.  C.  Hills;  Exec- 
utive Committee,  J.  W.  Shannon,  John  Cain. 

A  Lodge  of  the  order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  was  institut- 
ed in  August,  1881,  and  is  working  under  dispensation.  Its  offi- 
cers are;  L.  J.  Corbin,  W.  M.;  A.  0.  Harvey,  S.  W.;  T.  J.  Nich- 
oU, J.  W.;  G.  W.  Sterling,  Secretary;  F.  F.  B.  Coffin,  Treasurer; 
E.  C.  Harris,  S.  D.;  S.  "Roberts,  J.  D.;  E.fT  Walton,  Tyler— all  of 
whom  are  charter  members. 

The  Episcopal  Church  Society  of  Huron  was  organized  in  August, 
1881,  with  five  communicants.  The  first  service  was  held  in  Sep- 
tember, 1880,  at  the  residence  of  T.  J.  Nicholl.  The  Society  now 
has  a  substantial  edifice,  sixteen  by  thirt3'-two  feet  in  dimensions, 
all  paid  for  by  the  members  thereof.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Hoyt,  Dean  of 
Dakota,  is  the  pastor.  The  Society  at  present  has  fifteen  com- 
municants and  forty  adherents. 

The  Postoffice  of  Huron  was  established  July  13,  1880.  John 
Cain  is  the  Postmaster.  Daily  mails  are  had,  east,  west  and  north, 
and  a  tri-weekly  mail  from  the  south. 

The  first  term  of  District  Court  was  held  in  Beadle  County  in 
August,  1881,  Chief  Justice  P.  C.  Shannon  presiding. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Huron  was  organized  August  29th, 
1880,  by  Rev.  Walter  S.  Peterson,  with  ten  members.  At  present 
there  are  twenty-four  communicants.  The  Society  is  now  erect- 
ing a  church  building  thirty  by  forty-four  feet  in  dimensions, 
with  a  corner  tower  ten  feet  by  ten.  and  a  pulpit  recess  five  feet  by 
thirteen.  The  cost  of  the  building  will  be  about  $1,800,  The 
Board  of  Trustees  are:     E.  C.  Lyman,  J.  B.   Carter   and   Sanford 


152  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

Smith.  The  present  pastor  is  the  Rev.  John  B.  Pomeroy,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Wooster,  Ohio,  and  who  also  graduated 
from  the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  of  New  York  City,in  1877. 
Mr.  Pomeroy  came  west  in  1880,  being  sent  by  the  Home  Board 
of  Missions.  He  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Huron 
in  August,  1881. 

Rev.  Mr.  Cressey  is  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  Society, 
which  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Huron  was  organized  August 
Isi,  1881.  Rev.  Abraham  Thompson  is  the  pastor.  The  Society 
has  fifty  communicants,  and  is  erecting  a  commodious  edifice. 

The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  of  Huron  held  their  first 
meeting  November  1st,  1881.  The  Lodge  is  working  under  a  char- 
ter, and  has  twenty-five  members. 

The  Huron  Brass  Band  was  organized  March  14,  1881  with  12 
members.      J.  H.  Devoe  is  the  Leader. 

Huron  has  good  stage  communication  with  Mitchell  and  other 
points.  Stages  leave  Huron,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays, 
returning  from  Mitchell  the  day  following,  connecting  with  trains 
to  and  from  the  East  at  Mitchell,  and  with  trains  from  the  West, 
East  and  North  at  Huron,  and  with  stages  at  Mitchell  for  Yank- 
ton. 

The  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  Company  now  have  255 
miles  of  road  running  east  and  west,  through  Dakota,  "91  miles 
north  to  Ordway,  and  77  miles  graded  and  ready  for  the  iron;  and 
will  have  a  road  running  from  Pierre  to  Deadwood  within  a  year. 
The  company  has  expended  a  large  amount  of  money  for  shops 
and  depots  at  this  point,  the  construction  of  which  was  begun  in 
September,  1880.  These  improvements  consist  of  one  machine 
shop,  60x124  feet;  a  blacksmith  shop,  50x70  feet; one  engine  room, 
24x30  feet;  a  ten  stalled  engine  house,  with  improved  covered 
turn  tables;  an  oil  house,  16x30  feet;  a  sand  house,  20x40  feet; 
coal  sheds  covering  an  area  26x640  feet,  and  capable  of  holding 
4,000  tons  of  coal:  a  car  repair  shop,  22x80  feet;  general  office  and 
depot,  24x80  feet;  freight  house,  22x96  feet;  emigrant  freight 
house,  22x96  feet;  baggage  house,  16x30  feet.  The  Company  at 
this  point  does  all  kinds  of  ordinary  repairing  for  coaches  and  en- 
gines, and  repair  all  the  tools  used  on  the  Division.  They  employ 
sixty  men  in  the  shops.  The  general  office  employs  nine  men. 
The  first  train  arrived  at  Huron  June  25th,  1880. 


HURON^.  153 

DAKOTA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  OFFICERS. 

Division  offices  at  Huron:  T.  J.  Nicholl,  Superintendent;  S.  A. 
Mosher,  Assistant;  E.  F.  Potter,  Superintendent  of  Construction; 
E.  C.  Harris,  Train  Dispatcher;  S.  W.  Breton,  Assistant  Train 
Dispatcher;  T.  F.  Nicholl,  Overseer  of  Town  Properties;  W.  E. 
Johnson,  Train  Master, 

Huron  is  throughout  a  lively,  thriving,  pushing  place,  with  un- 
limited aspirations  and  most  promising  prospects.  It  is  a  town 
with  a  future,  and  unless  all  indications  fail,  will  yet  realize  every- 
thing that  is  so  confidently  claimed  for  it. 

OFFICIAL  DIRECTOKY. 

President— C.  C.  Hills. 

Trustees— T)\&\..  No.  1,  W.  B.  Ingersoll;  No.  2,  C.  C.  Hills;  No.  3,  John 
McDonell;  No.  4,  W.  H.  Davis;  No.  5,  Nils  Meng. 

ClerJc,  Treasurer  and  Assessor — H.  M.  Jewett. 

Justice  of  the  Peace — E.  M.  Milliken.  , 

Marshal— D.  Bell 

School  Board — Director,  T.  J.  Nicholl;  Clerk,  G.  A.  Cressy;  Treasurer,  J.  K. 
Hanney . 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Black-SDiiths—E.  M.  Chase,  J.  C.  Chisan. 

Lumber  Dealers — Youmans  Bros,  tt  Hodgins;  Laird,  Norton  &  Jeffreys, 

Liver//  Stables— Terry  &  Clark,  Tisdall  eV:  McWhortor. 

Drug  and  Book  Stores— X.  J.  Stoe!,  Blonn;  &  Hood,  Edwin  G.  Wheeler,  E. 
C.  Walton. 

Hotels — Wright  House,  M.  F.  Wright;  Corbin  House,  L.  J.  Corbin;  Dakota 
House,  M.  J.  Dinneeu;  Huron  House,  J.  McDonnall. 

Groceries  and  Provisions — Sauer  &  Johnson,  W.  W.  Peckham,  Joy  Bros. 

Barber — William  Ritschlag. 

Depot  Agent — F.  M.  Wilcox. 

Saloon — Robinson  &  Rowe,  Mosier  &  Weeks,  Terry  &  Clark,  A.  Pappin. 

Stage  Line — D.  I.King,  Proprietor; Richardson  Bros.,  Agents. 

Furniture  and  Stationer g — Richardson  Bros. 

Phgsicians  d-  Surgeons— (}.  W.  Morely,  0.  A.  Harvey.  H.  Russell,  A.  J. 
Dickerson. 

Dentist — G.  W.  Girard. 

General  Merchandise — P.  M.  Liddy,  Andrew  F.  Anderson,  T.  M.  JetFries  & 
Co.,  Dunning  McHemy  &  Co. 

Drg  Goods,  Clothing,  Gents  Furnis)ii)H/s — L.  Adler  &  Co.,  Parker  Bros. 

Bank—C.  C.  Hills. 

Laiv,Beal  Estate,  Loan,  Collection  and  Insurance — N.D.  Wallirg,  Ingersoll 
&  Elson,  W.  T.  &  Geo.  J.  Love,  Jewett&  Kelley,  Geo.  W.  Sterling,  I.  J.  Mouser, 
C.  F.  Simmerman,  Caldwell  &  Davis,  N.  E.  Reed,  J.  K.  Hanney. 

Jeweler — J.  E.  Baker. 

Dress  Making  a)id  MiUinerg — Flora  Suits,  Carlotta  Bloodgood,  Martha  Mc- 
Connell. 


154  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

Shoemakers — Otto  Larson,  A.  Hull. 

BaJi-eri/  and  Bestaurant — G.  W.  Ormond.  A.  T.  Jiinies,  G.H.  McKinniss. 
La undfij — Charles  Faur. 

Meat  Markets — Fayant  i^'  Maj",  Barclay  &  Bor<,nvarcU. 

Hardware — A.    H.  Risdon,  C.  D.  Houghton,  Rowe  Sc  Stiver,    Siiedigar   Sc 
Davis. 

Tailor — W.  F.  Tngham. 

Cigars  and  'rohharro — Charles  Lampe. 


McCOOK  COUNTY. 

This  county  is  justly  participating  in  the  general  prosperity  of 
Dakota.  McCook  County  was  organized  May  16,  1878.  Its  first 
Commissioners  were:  David  Manary,  William  H.  Weels  and 
Isaac  Manary. 

Cameron  was  the  first  County  Seat  of  McCook  County  u})  to  the 
autumn  of  1880,  when  Salem,  Bridgewater  and  Montrose  entered 
into  competition  at  the  election  for  the  "post  of  honor."  After- 
wards, the  County  Commissioners  moved  the  office  of  Register  of 
Deeds  and  their  place  of  meeting  to  J3ridgewater,  where  they  con- 
tinued to  meet.  The  Clerk  of  the  Court  moved  his  office  to  Salem. 
Cameron  is  still,  according  to  law,  the  County  Seat,  but  there  is 
little  left  there  now,  save  the  school  house.  Cameron  at  one  time 
had  from  thirty  to  forty  buildings,  with  one  hundred  and  fifty 
people,  and  was  a  promising  toAvn;  but  when  the  railroad  left  it  on 
either  side,  its  prospects  suddenly  vanished.  The  county  now  has 
about  two  thousand  inhabitants,  and  is  one  of  the  best  in  South- 
eastern Dakota.  Montrose,  Salem  and  Bridgewater  are  all  lively 
towns.  The  first  two  are  on  the  C,  St.  P.,  M.  &  0.  Railroad,  the 
latter  on  the  line  of  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Railroad. 


CODINGTON  COUNTY. 

Codington  County  is  the  second  county  west  of  the  Minnesota 
State  line,  and  through  the  southern  part  of  which  passes  the  45th 
parallel  of  north  latitude.  The  lands  of  this  county  are  prairie 
and  the  surface  gently  rolling;  the  Big  Sioux  runs  through  the 
county  from  the  northwest  to  the  southeast.  Beautiful  lakes  adorn 
nearly  every  township,  dotting  the  prairies  on  every  side  with  their 
mirror-like  surfaces.  The  largest  is  Lake  Kamjseska,  which  is  two 
miles  wide  by  six  miles  in  length.  This  is  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful lakes  in  the  Northwest,  and  is  not  surpassed  by   any   which 


CODINGTOK   COUNTY.  155 


we  have  seen.  The  most  violent  storms  never  so  much  as  soil  its 
crystal  waters,  which  are  as  pure  as  the  mountain  springs.  Its 
shores  furnish  a  splendid  drive,  and  are  always  as  clean  as  a  well- 
kept  gravel  walk:  they  are  composed  of  cornelians,  moss  agates,  and 
other  beautiful  and  curious  stones  and  shells,  which  excite  the  ad- 
miration of  visitors  to  such  an  extent  that  tons  of  them  have  al- 
ready been  carried  away,  and  are  treasured  up  as  rare  specimens  of 
nature's  most  remarkable  and  beautiful  handiwork. 

The  soil  throughout  the  county  is  a  rich,  sandy  loam,  very  dark 
in  color,  and  of  an  average  depth  of  thirty  inches,  with  alight  col- 
ored porous  clay  subsoil,  largely  impregnated  with  lime  and  vege- 
table substances,  and  is  conceded  by  all  who  have  investigated  the 
subject  to  be  unsurpassed  for  the  production  of  wheat.  Barley, 
oats,  flax  and  buckwheat  do  equally  as  well,  while  root  crops  grow 
so  astonishingly  as  to  surpass  the  belief  of  any  one  unacquainted 
with  the  facts. 

The  early  varieties  of  Dent  corn  ripen  with  certainty  in  this  lati- 
tude, and  yield  as  well  as  in  Southern  Wisconsin  or  Northern 
Illinois. 

It  has  already  been  demonstrated  that  currants,  strawberries,  rasp- 
berries, and  blackberries,  and  all  small  fruits,  thrive  luxuriantly 
here.  The  country  has  not  yet  had  the  age  to  demonstrate  its  adap- 
tion to  the  growth  of  apples,  plums,  cherries,  etc.,  but  it  is  confi- 
dently believed  by  the  best  judges  that  all  varieties  that  have  suc- 
ceeded in  Wisconsin,  Northern  Iowa  and  Minnesota  will  do  equally 
well  here. 

The  varieties  of  fine  short  grass  that  ripen  and  cure  uncut  on  the 
highest  and  driest  prairies,  it  is  claimed,  are  much  more  nutritious 
and  possess  more  fattening  qualities  than  the  best  quality  of  blue 
joint  hay.  Cattle,  during  the  winter  season  must  be  well  watered, 
and  well  sheltered  during  the  night  time,  but  except  during  occas- 
ional storms  there  is  little  or  no  necessity  for  feeding  hay.  Sheep 
will  keep  as  fat  upon  the  winter  pasture  of  these  prairies  as  during 
any  time  in  the  summer.  It  is  the  coimtrj  par  excellence  ior  wool 
growing,  and  there  is  a  mine  of  wealth  in  store  for  those  who  turn 
their  attention  to  wool  growing  and  furnishing  the  eastern  market 
during  the  winter  and  spring  months  with  choice  mutton. 

The  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  owned  and  operated  by  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  Company,  passes  though  the 
county  from  east  to  west,  and  the  Pembina  Road  is  located  through 


150  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

the  county  from  south  to  north,  forming  a  junction  with  the  Wi- 
nona &  St.  Peter  Railroiul. 

The  act  creating  Codington   County  was  approved  February  15, 

1877,  the  county  being  formed  out  of  Hamlin,  Grant  and  Clark 
Counties.      The  organization  of   the  county  was  effected  July  19, 

1878,  the  following  being  its  first  officers:  Commissioners — Wil- 
liam Mclntyre,  0.  S.  Jewell,  Geo.  H.  iStoddart.  Clerk  and  Regis- 
ter—W.  R.  Thomas.  Treasurer~0.  H.  Tarbell.  Judge  of  Probate 
— A.  D.  Chase.  Sheriff — James  Riley.  Surveyor — Geo.  H.  Stod- 
dart.  Superintendent  of  Schools — E.N.Brann.  Assessor — Chas. 
0.  Carpenter. 

The  first  election  was  held  in  the  fall  of  1ST9.  The  following 
officers  were  elected:  Commissioners — Alex.  Davidson,  George 
Hanson,  0.  H.  Jewell.  Judge  of  Probate — John  H.  Drake.  Clerk 
and  Register — VV.  R.  Thomas.  Treasurer— Oscar  P.  Kemp.  As- 
sessor— Chas.  0.  Carpenter.  Surveyor — Geo.  Carpenter.  Super- 
intendent of  Schools — E.  N.  Brann.     Sheriff — James  Riley. 

The  present  County  Officers  are:  Commissioners — Alex.  David- 
sou,  F.  M.  Grant,  Geo.  Hanson.  Treasurer — 0.  Gesley.  Clerk 
and  Register — R.  B.  Spicer.  Judge  of  Probate — C.  Campbell. 
Surveyor— Geo.  H.  Stoddart.  Superintendent  of  Schools — Frank 
Crane.     Assessor Allen. 

The  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad  Company  finished  their  road- 
bed in  1873  to  the  outlet  at  the  northeast  end  of  Lake  Kampeska, 
claiming  that  their  grant  of  lands  from  the  Government  extended 
that  far,  but  did  not  operate  the  road  beyond  the  Minnesota  State 
line,  farther  than  Gary,  until  the  fall  of  1878.  In  that  year  the 
Company  repaired  the  road  from  Gary  to  AVatertown.  In  the 
summer  of  1878,  J.  C.  B.  Harris,  of  Yankton,  proposed  to  donate 
a  forty-acre  tract,  and  half,  divided  or  undivided,  of  a  half-section 
near  the  outlet  of  Lake  Kampeska,  to  the  Railroad  Compan}^  in 
consideration  of  the  location  by  the  Company  of  a  town  at  that 
point.  June  28, 1873,  Harris  had  filed  a  pre-emption  on  the  north- 
west quarter  of  section  13,  town  117,  range  53.  Afterwards  entries 
were  suspended  until  1875.  The  projected  town  of  Kampeska  was 
laid  out  in  August,  187S.  Harris  first  went  up  to  Lake  Kampeska 
in  the  summer  of  1874,  on  a  tour  of  inspection.  There  was  only 
one  white  man  in  Codington  County  at  that  tiuu\  none  in  Hamlin, 
and  but  two  in  Deuel.  James  P.  Warner,  now  a  resident  of  Clark, 
was  the  only  white  resident  of   Codington  County  at  the  time  of 


CODINGTON   COUNTY.  157 


Harris'  visit.  Harris  went  out  again  in  1876,  at  which  time  he 
found  D.  B.  Lovejoy  and  William  C.  Pike  located  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Sioux  River  from  the  present  town  of  Watertown.  At 
Gary,  Capt.  Herrick  was  then  located,  and  there  Avere  perhaps  a 
dozen  settlers  in  Deuel  County. 

On  the  5th  of  February,  1875,  David  D.  Keeler  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Kampeska  Postoffice,  and  J.  B.  Montgomery,  As- 
sistant Postmaster  and  Notary  Public.  At  that  time  the  office  was 
included  in  Hamlin  County.  Kampeska  Postoffice  was  discon- 
tinued November  30,  1875.  Montgomery  went  first  to  Lake  Kam- 
peska. Geo.  H.  Stoddart  remained  with  Montgomery  part  of  the 
winter  of  1874.  Warner  came  to  that  point  in  the  spring  of  1874. 
Montgomery  was  the  first  white  man  to  break  land  in  Codington 
County,  raising  about  six  acres  of  corn  and  two  acres  of  "garden 
stuff'."  Keeler  and  Montgomery  left  in  March,  1876,  the  former 
returning  to  Yankton,  the  latter  going  to  the  Black  Hills,  where 
he  still  resides. 

Robert  Pike,  a  surveyor  in  the  employ  of  the  Winona  and  St. 
Peter  Railroad  Company,  in  connection  with  others,  organized  the 
Kampeska  Homestead  Company,  with  about  forty  members,  in  1872 
each  member  obligating  himself  to  take  a  homestead  ia  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  Lake.  A  paper  called  the  Commonirealth — a  monthly 
publication,  printed  in  Chicago — was  issued  from  Kampeska,  the 
first  number  appearing  in  January,  1874.  W^hite  &  Pike  were  the 
publishers.  William  C.  Pike,  a  brother  of  Robert  Pike,  came  out 
in  the  spring  of  1873,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  who  remained  but  a 
short  time.  The  grasshopper  invasion  of  1874  caused  the  abandon- 
ment of  this  attempt  at  settlement.  This,  and  the  death  of  Robert 
Pike,  caused  the  dissolution  of  the  Kampeska  Homestead  Company. 
September  25th,  1874,  W^illiam  C.  Pike  and  others  organized  the 
Lake  Kampeska  Homestead  Colony,  which  was  substantially  the 
same  in  its  objects  as  its  predecessor,  the  intention  being  to  estab- 
lish a  ''community,"  with  a  common  mode  of  living,  "corporate 
farming,"  and  upon  principles,  many  of  which  would  no  doubt  be 
useful,  were  they  not  impracticable.  How  closely — or  whether,  at 
all, — any  of  the  principles  of  the  '"■  Colony  "  resembled  those  of  the 
famous  Oneida  Community  it  is  foreign  to  the  purpose  of  this  His- 
tory to  discuss.  Pike  spent  two  winters  in  the  East,  lecturing  upon 
the  advantages  of  the  project;  but  little  or  nothing  came  of  it,  and 
the  Lake  Kampeska  Homestead  Colony,  after  a  brief  and  altogether 


158  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

unsatisfactory  existence,  went  tlie  way  of  many  such  enthusiastic 
but  short-lived  schemes. 

The  grasshopper  invasions  were  a  serious  drawback  to  this  sec- 
tion as  to  all  others  that  were  visited  by  the  scourge,  and  retarded 
immigration  for  several  years.  Without  attempting  to  give  the  ar- 
rivals of  the  first  permanent  settlers  in  the  order  in  which  tliey 
came,  the  writer  will  go  on  to  state  that  William  Mclntyre  came 
to  Codington  county  October  9th,  1877,  and  located  upon  a  half- 
section,  on  the  east  half  of  section  34:,  town  117,  range  53.  two 
miles  west  of  the  present  town  of  Watertown.  Mr.  Mclntyre 
came  out  again  from  Sparta,  Wisconsin,]in  company  with  his  broth- 
er and  others,  in  February,  1878.  The  party  located  2,600  acres  of 
land  in  one  day,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mclntyre's  claim. 

0.  S.  Jewell  came  out  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Lake  in   1876,  and 

D.  B.  Lovejoy  came  in  May  of  the  same  year.  During  the  winter 
of  1876-7,  the  County  was  abandoned.  Lovejoy  built  for  himsylf 
a  house,  in  June,  1876,  hauling  the  lumber  there  from  Marshall. 
In  the  fall  of  1877,  Mclntyre  found  Jewell  and  Lovejoy  the 
only  two  settlers  in  Codington  County.  In  the  summer  of 
1878  quite  a  number  of  people  came  in.  Among  the  first 
were  the  Kemp  Bros.,  of  Sparta,  Wis.,  Rice  Bros.,  of  the  same  place, 

E.  H.  Ulrick,  Ernest  Brizee.  R.  Mclntyre,  A.  M.  Mclntyre,  D.  M. 
Richardson  and  two  sons,  and  James  Tanner,  also  of  Sparta;  Rev, 
A.  D.  Chase,  George  Crosier  and  others,  of  Yernon  County,  Wis.; 
Charles  Carpenter  and  family,  0.  H.  Tarbell  and  family.  C.  C. 
Wiley,  James  Riley  and  Geo.  H.  Stoddart  were  among  the  very 
earliest  settlers  in  Codington  County,  as  appears  elsewhere  in  the 
biographical  sketches  of  these  gentlemen.  Rice  Bros,  and  Kemp 
Bros,  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  on  their  claims  in  the 
spring  of  1878.  Owsley  Bros.,  of  Sparta,  Wis.,  came  in  the  spring 
of  1879,  and  immediately  engaged  in  business.  L.  L.  Leach's  fam- 
ily came  in  the  autumn  of  1879.  R.  B.  Spicercame  in  June,  1878, 
and  located  a  claim  adjoining  Watertown. 

The  first  five  acres  of  wheat  raised  in  Codington  County  were 
grown  by  0.  S.  Jewell  during  the  summer  of  1878,  west  of  Lake 
Kampeska.  It  was  threshed  with  a  flail,  and  yielded  twenty  bush- 
els to  the  acre. 

The  postofiice  of  Kemp  was  established  early  in  the  spring  of 
1878,  on  the  Kemp  farm.  Oscar  P.  Kemp  was  the  Postmaster. 
The  postofiice  was  removed  to  Watertown  in  the  spring  of  1879. 


£y^^rr^^^e^/t^^L 


WATERTOWlSr.  159 


Rice  Bros,  were  occupying  a  little  cabin  on  their  farm,  one  mile  east 
of  town,  and  were  engaged  in  selling  goods,  as  were  also  the  Kemp 
Bros.,  on  their  farm. 

WATERTOWN. 

There  is  no  more  substantial  or  promising  town  in  Dakota  than 
Watertown.  Nowhere  else  in  the  Territory  will  be  found  a  pop- 
ulation made  of  a  better  or  more  progressive  class  of  immigration. 
Its  various  business  establishments — all  branches  of  which  are  rep- 
resented— are  placed  upon  exceptionally  good  footings,  and  are 
conducted  in  a  manner  which  compels  the  admiration  of  the  dis- 
interested visitor.  It  is  not  the  province  of  a  work  of  this  charac- 
ter, to  enter  into  details  as  to  each  business  house,  as  to  the  amount 
of  business  transacted  therein,  or,  indeed,  to  advertise  goods  and 
wares.  The  writer,  however,  can  but  pay  a  deserved  compliment 
to  a  growing  little  city  of  more  than  a  thousand  inhabitants,  Avhich 
stands,  where  less  than  two  years  ago,  not  a  solitary  evidence  of 
civilization  appeared.  The  buildings  of  Watertown  are  of  a  su- 
perior character. 

Save  one  or  two  small  buildings,  there  were  no  buildings  on  the 
present  townsiteof  Watertown,  until  the  first  of  April,  1880,  about 
which  time  the  place  became  the  scene  of  remarkable  activity. 
The  town  was  platted  in  September,  1878,  by  Col.  Jacoby,  and  was 
incorporated  under  the  provisions  of  the  Territorial  Code,  in  April, 
1880.  It  is  located  on  section  31,  township  117,  rai.ge  52.  There 
are  two  additions — one  platted  by  Wm.  Mclntyre  on  a  part  of  the 
northwest  qiiarter  of  section  32,  township  117,  range  52,  and  called 
East  Watertown;  to  which  there  is  an  addition  platted  by  R.  F. 
Pettigrew,  and  called  Pettigrew's  Addition  to  East  Watertown — 
the  other  platted  by  C.  0.  Carpenter  on  the  southeast  quarter  of 
section  30,  township  117,  range  52,  and  called  North   Watertown, 

Probably  one  hundred  carpenters  were  put  to  work  on  or  about 
the  first  of  April,  1880,  and  as  a  resident  expresses  it,  there  was  a 
"continual  pounding  from  morning  till  uight."  From  that  time, 
the  town  grew  wish  undiminished  rapidity,  save  for  the  depriva- 
tions of  the  great  snow  blockade  of  the  Avinter  and  spring  of  1880 
-81,  the  incidents  of  which  are  in  themselves  sufficient  to  fill  a 
volume. 

The  United  States  Land  Office  is  permanently  located  in  Water- 
town,  and  transacts  an  immense  amount  of  business,  owing  to  the 


160  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

continuous  stream  of  immigration  which  pours  into  this  point. 
A.  C.  Wellette  is  the  Register,  and  A.  R.  Pease,  Receiver.  Hon.  T. 
A,  Kingsbury  is  the  obliging  Chief  Clerk. 

The  hotel  accommodations  are  excellent,  the  Central  House, 
Merchants  Hotel  and  East  Watertown  Hotel  being  the  principal 
places  of  public  entertainment. 

There  are  two  first-class  grain  elevators.  The  first  was  erected 
by  Van  Dusen  &  Co.,  in  the  summer  of  1879,  and  is  one  of  the 
largest  elevators  west  of  Winona.  It  is  managed  by  the  Alexan- 
der Brothers,  who  came  here  in  April,  1859;  Melvin  from  Cassop- 
olis,  Mich.,  Barton  from  Red  Wing,  Minn. 

The  second  elevator  is  also  a  large  one,  and  was  erected  in  1880, 
by  the  Porter  Milling  Co.,  of  Winona,  Minn.,  one  of  the  very 
large  flouring  mills  for  which  the  State  is  so  justly  famous.  They 
have  a  capacity  of  about  1,000  barrels  of  flour  per  day. 

The  Bank  of  Watertown  was  established  March  1st,  1880,  by 
Col.  0.  C.  Johnson  and  0.  Gesley,  both  of  Beloit,  Wis.  Mr.  Ges- 
ley  came  here  in  March,  1879,  and  Col  Johnson  in  March,  1880. 
This  bank  is  located  on  Oak  street,  in  a  substantial  brick  building 
erected  by  them  for  that  purpose.  The  building  is  24  by  70  feet 
two  stories  high,  and  is  elegantly  finished  throughout.  The  large 
vault  is  thoroughly  fire  proof,  and  their  valuables  are  further  pro- 
tected liy  one  Hall's  latest  improved  fire  and  burglar  proof  safes, 
the  doors  of  which  are  faithfully  guarded — by  a  time  lock.  This 
bank  receives  deposits,  buy^  and  sells  exchange,  and  does  a  general 
banking  business. 

The  Codington  County  Bank  opened  its  doors  for  the  first  time 
on  the  1st  day  of  September,  1880.  It  is  owned  by  H.  D.  Walrath 
and  S.  B.  Sheldon,  both  formerly  of  Ogdensburg,  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.  This  bank  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Oak  street  and 
Kemp  avenue,  in  a  brick  building  erected  by  them  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  building  is  built  of  brick,  23  by  45  feet,  and  two  stories 
high,  and  is  tastefully  designed  and  elegantly  finished.  The  inside 
of  the  building  is  f(|ually  beautiful  in  design  and  finish.  The 
bank  is  supplied  with  a  perfectly  solid  brick  and  stone  fire-proof 
vault,  and  within  the  vault  is  one  of  Hall's  latest  improved  burglar 
proof  safes,  that  can  only  be  0})ened  through  the  medium  of  one 
of  the  most  approved  time  locks.  This  bank  receives  deposits  from 
farmers,  merchants  and  others,  buys  and  sells  foreign  and  domestic 
exchange,  makes  collections  and  does  a  general  banking  business. 


AVATEKTOWlSr.  161 


The  Dakota  Neivs  was  established  June  23, 1879,  by  S.  J.  Conk- 
lin.  of  Waterloo,  Wis.,  and  W.  0.  Fraser,  of  Marion,  Ohio.  The 
firm  natna  is  Conklin  &  Fraser.  The  paper  is  a  six-column  quarto, 
and  has  already  a  large  and  rapidly  increasing  circulation.  Its 
jobbing  department  is  very  complete,  and  it  is  supplied  with  all 
the  modern  conveniences  of  a  first-class  news  and  job  office. 
•  The  Codington  County  Cowrj'er  is  a  seven-column  folio,  published 
weekly  by  Geo.  A.  Edes,  who  came  here  from  Marshall,  Minn.,  in 
thesummer  of  1880,  and  purchased  the  good  will  of  the  Water- 
town  Independent,  which  was  established  in  April,  1879.  Both 
these  papers  are  excellent  publications,  creditably  representing  an 
intelligent  constituency. 

Trinity  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  the  summer  of  1881. 
The  Society  propose  building  shortly.  Rev.  M.  Hoyt,  D.  D.,  Dean 
of  Dakota,  is  the  Rector.  Wardens — H.  D.  Walrath,  J.  I.  Monks. 
Vestry — Oscar  P.  Kemp,  S.  A.  Briggs,  A.  R.  Pease,  S.  B.  Sheldon, 
F.  W.  Hoyt.     Treasurer— S.  B.  Sheldon. 

The  Congregational  Church  was  organized  in  March,  1879,  by 
Rev.  H.  B.  Johnson,  who  also  preaches  at  Estelline  in  Hamlin 
County,  and  at  Clark,  Clark  County. 

The  Methodist  Society  was  organized  about  the  same  time,  by 
Rev.  A.  D.  Chase,  who  came  here  from  Wisconsin  in  1878,  and 
entered  land  here,  on  which  he  has  made  valuable  improvements. 
The  Baptist  Society  was  organized  in  1880,  by  Rev.  A.  S.  Orcutt, 
formerly  of  Chicago,  and  a  Church  of  the  Disciples  has  been  organ- 
ized by  Rev.  Geo.  Clendenan. 

Watertown  Lodge  No.  21:,  L  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  August  20, 
1880,  by  D.  D.  G.  S.  Poore.  The  following  are  charter  members: 
C.  M.  Cannon,  C.  W.  Swift,  C.  Goss,  Geo.  A.  Edes,C.  C.  Whistler, 
August  Huntzicker,  Geo.  E.  Watson,  Phil.  Crittenden,  John  Saur. 
The  first  officers  were:  C.  W.  Swift,  N.  G.;  C.  C.  Whistler,  V.  G.; 
C.  M.  Cannon,  Secretary;  C.  Goss,  Treasurer.  Present  officers:  I. 
M.  Westfall,  N.  G.;  C.  Goss,  V.  G.;  C.  C.  Whistler,  Secretary;  D. 
C.  Thomas,  Treasurer.  The  membership  is  about  twenty-five,  and 
the  Lodge  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Kampeska  Lodge  No.  13,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  instituted  in  No- 
A'ember,  1879,  under  dispensation  from  the  Grand  Master  of  Dakota. 
The  charter  bears  date  June  9,  1880.  Charter  members  and  first 
officers:  D.  C.  Thomas,  W.  M.;  W.  H.  Edes,  S.  W.;  I.  R.  King, 
J.  W.;    S.  Snyder,  Treasurer;    Frank  Hoskins,  Secretary;    W.  R. 


132  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

Thomas,  S.  D.:  Geo.  E.  Hanson,  J.  D.;  W.  A.  Carroll,  S.  S.;  H. 
B.  Johnson,  J.  S.;  G.  H.  Cady,  Tyler;  S.  W.  liowman,  M.  T^ 
Briggs,  C.  E.  Edes,  J.  J.  Owsley.  The  present  officers  are:  D.  C 
Thomas,  W.  M.;  W.  A.  Carroll,  S.  W.;  G.  E.  Hanson,  J.  W.;  J. 
J.  Owsley,  Treasurer;  John  M.  Hoyt,  Secretary;  W.  R.  Thomas, 
S.  D.;  L  R.  King,  J.  I).;  M.  T.  Briggs,  S.  S.;  Frank  Hoskins,  J. 
S. ;  G.  H.  Cady,  Tyler.  The  Lodge  has  a  membership  of  about 
forty  and  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation.  The  Grand  Lodge  of 
Dakota  will  meet  with  Kampeska  Lodge. in  June.  1882. 

E.  N.  Brann  was  appointed  County  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction in  September,  1878,  and  elected  in  November  of  the  same 
year.  The  first  school  district  was  organized  in  April,  1877,  the  first 
meeting  for  that  purpose  being  held  April  23d  at  the  house  of  C. 
0.  Carpenter.  Miss  Laura  L.  Leach  (now  Mrs.  L.  S.  Deming) 
taught  the  first  school  in  the  summer  of  1879,  in  the  hall  of  Gesley 
&  Duxtad.  The  school  house  was  built  in  the  fall  of  1879,  48x50 
feet  in  dimensions,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  abcut  two  hun- 
dred. E.  N.  Brann  was  the  Principal,  Miss  Eva  Carpenter,  Assist- 
ant. In  the  winter  of  1880-81,  J.  N.  Williams  was  also  employed 
as  teacher.  Frank  Crane,  of  Sparta,  Wis.,  became  Principal  in 
May,  1880,  Mr.  Crane,  Miss  Carpenter  and  Miss  Carrie  Briggs, 
constituting  the  corps  of.  teachers  for  the  present  year.  The  last 
enrollment  was  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  pupils.  There  are 
nineteen  school  districts  in  Codington  County,  and  seventeen  school 
houses,  all  well  l)uilt,  substantial  structures,  and  provided  with  the 
latest  improved  school  furniture  and  apparatus. 

The  first  municipal  election  was  held  June  8,  1880. 

OFPICIAI.  DIRECTORY. 

Election,  iAVO— Trustees— Win.  McTntyre,  President;  John  Kemp.  W.  L. 
Beals,  Frank  Rice. 

C/erA-— Charles  X.  SewarJ. 
Treasurer — C.  C.  Whistier. 

Assessor  and  Marshal— John  N.  Johnson. 

Justice  of  the  Peace— S.  A.  Briggs. 

Present  Oj^cer«— Trustees— Wm.  Mclntyre,  President;  Frank  Rice,  M.  D 
Alexander,  Hans  Johnson. 

Clerk— Civdn.  X.  Seward. 

Treasurer— C.  C.  Whistler. 

Marshal — James  L.  Wiley. 

Assessor— J.  C.  Miller. 

Citi/  Attorney — Chas.  X.  Seward.. 

Justice  of  the  Peace — Wm.  M.  Pierce. 

Board  of  Education— John  N.  Johnson,  R.  B.  Spicer,  S.  B.  Sheldon 


WATEKTOWX.  103 


BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Aftorn<'!/s—S.  J.  Conldin,  Poore  &  Church,  Campbell  &  Comfort,  D.  C.  &  W. 
R.  Thomas,  Banvard  <t  Wood,  Warrer  &  Budd.  Sewardf  Glass  &  Eddy. 

Banks— Codington  County  Bank,  Walrath  t\:  Sheldon;  Bank  of  Watertown, 
0.  C.  Johnson. 

Temperance  Billiard  Parlor — C.  C.  Maxwell.  ^ 

Boarding  and  Restaurant — P.  F.  Englesby,  0.  J.  Webster. 
Barbers—  Langhonn  &  Co. 

Clothing,  Etc.—Y.  W.  Hoyt,  Henitz  &  Hassinger. 

Contractors  and  Builders — Chas.  Walker,  R.  A.  Zimmerman,  Sours  Bros. 
Druggists — 0.  E.  Dewey  &  Co.,  Tarbell  Bros.,  C.  Goss. 

Elevators— G.  W.    Van  Dusen  &  Co.,   Alexander  Brothers;  Porter  Milling 
Company. 
Flour  and  Feed — L.  F    Tondro. 
Furniture — Peter  Mauseth. 

Groceries — W.  W.  Dennis,  A.  Weaver,  P.  C.  Holm3s. 
Blacksmiths— G.  E,  Bartlstt,  S.  Blackburn  &  Co. 
Plow  Factorg—H.  E.  Stewart. 

Hotels— Centrdi  House,  Ulrick  A:  B^als;   Merchants   Hotel,  J.  C.  Mulholand; 

Johnson  House,  Johnson  &  Cartford.  East  Watertown  Hotel,    AVm.  Mclntyre. 

Dakota  House,  D.  McMath. 

Hardware  and  Farm  Machinerg. — Kemp  Bros.,  0.  Gesley.  Monks  &  Wiser. 

General  Merchandise. — Rice  Bros,  Cleveland  and  Greer,  Owsley  Bros.  &  Co. , 

Archie  Weaver,  C.  H.  Bradford,  P.  C.  Holmes,  H.  0.  Hagen,  Graham  Bros. 

Insurance— "Waxn^v  &  Budd,  S.  B.  Sheldon,  S.  A.  Briggs,  S.  J.  Conklin,  0. 
Gesley,,  Seward,  Glass  &  Eddy. 
Jewelers.— 0.  I.  Fleod,  M.  Greer,  Jr. 

Livsrg.—W.  H.  Blooui,  Hig.^in?  &  E  itoii,  C^^^^b  &  Son,  Kinsay  &  Wiley. 
Milliner g, — Mrs.  Fox,  Mrs.  Cameron. 

Newspapers .—1!\\Q  Dakota  News,  Conklin  &  Frnzer.  Codington  County  Cour- 
ier, Geo.  A.  Edes. 

Meat  Market. — Stephens  and  Whistler,  C.  F.  Fosdick. 

Lumber. — Yoaman  Bros.  &  Hodgins,  R.  B.  Spicer.    Laird,  Norton  &  Co.,  J 
C.  Miller.     Empire  Lumber  Co.,  Wm.  M.  Reed. 
Depot  Agent. — G.  E.  Starkweather. 
Painters.— G.  Cox  &  Son,  J.  A.  Baker. 
P/i/ysiV/rtMs.— Bennett  &  Briggs,  L  M.  WesttkU. 
Shoemaker — J.  D.  Moulton 
Saloons  — L.  M.  Thomas,  J.  C.  Muhlholland. 
Postmaster — J.  I.  Monks. 

Real  Estate  cC-  Loans— Wdvnev  &  Budd;  Seward,  Glass  &'_Eddy;  Banvard* 
Wood,  S.  D.  Scudder,  Poore  &  Church,  S.  .r.  (Conklin,  D.  C.  &  W.  R.  Thomas, 
W.  H.  Donaldson. 

Undertaker. — Peter  Mauseth. 
Wagon  Maker — D.  F.  Owsley. 
Merchant  Tailor — S.  A.  Briggs  &  Co. 


164  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN"   DAKOTA. 

BELOIT. 

Beloit,  one  of  Iowa's  prosperous  border  towns,  is  located  in  the 
southeast  corner  of  Lyon  County.  Among  its  first  settlers  were: 
Halvor  Nelson,  Ole  Nelson  and  L.  P.  Hyde,  who  came  about  the 
year  1866.  Beloit  was  platted  in  1871,  by  Halver  Nelson  and 
James  A.  Carpenter.  Its  first  officers  were:  Justice  of  the  Peace 
— Charles  Goetz.  Trustees — Thomas  Thorson,  E.  E.  Carpenter,  E. 
W.  Lewis.     Clerk  and  Treasurer — F.  A.  Keep. 

The  first  County  Officers  of  Lyons  County  were:  Judge  of  Cir- 
cuit Court — Judge  Ford.  Treasurer — James  H.  AVaggoner.  Audi- 
tor— Charles  A.  Goetz.  Register  of  Deeds — Thomas  Thorson. 
Clerk  of  the  Court — D.  C.  Whitehead.  Superintendent  of  Schools 
— L.  A.  Ball.     Coroner— S.  B.  Willard.    Sherifi— T.  W.  Johnson. 

The  following  are  the  present  County  Officers:  Treasurer — J. 
Shade.  Auditor— J.  M.  Webb.  Recorder— W.  S.  Peile.  Clerk 
of  the  Court — F.  A.  Keep.  Superintendent  of  Schools — A.  H. 
Davidson.  Sheriff — James  McAllen.  Coroner — J.  M.  Aldrich. 
Judge  of  Circuit  Court — J.  R.  Zuver. 

A  saw  mill  was  in  operation  at  Beloit,  but  the  logs  giving  out, 
naturally  the  mill  ceased  to  be  one  of  the  institutions  of  the  place. 
The  grist  mill,  which  is  still  actively  employed,  was  erected  in  1872 
by  Halvor  Nelson  and  James  A.  Carpenter. 

The  Sioux  City  and  Pembina  Railroad  was  constructed  to  Beloit 
in  December,  1878. 

A  prospective  newspaper,  to  be  published  at  Beloit,  is  to  be 
under  the  proprietorship  of  L.  C.  Rene,  of  Chicago.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  print  one-half  the  paper  in  English  and  the  other  half  in 
Norwegian.  As  yet  the  paper  has  not  received  a  name.  Rev. 
Kroyness  and  E.  E.  Carpenter  are  to  be  the  editors. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  on  section  10,  town  99,  range 
48,  M.  W.  Jeffries  being  the  first  teacher.  The  members  of  the 
first  Board  of  Education  were:  Amos  Severtson,  Chris.  Sogn,  E. 
W.  Lewis.  The  following  are  the  members  of  the  present  Board 
of  Education:     Chris.  Sogn,  John  Hanson,  William  Paxton. 

The  present  school  building  was  erected  in  1881,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,300.  There  are  three  departments.  Bishop  Perkins  is  the 
Principal.  The  first  school  house  in  the  village  was  erected  in 
1875,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000,  and  was  afterwards  sold  to  the  Augus- 
tina  Academy,  which  is  now  located  here.  There  are  two  Profes- 
sors and  assistants. 


BELOIT.  165 

The  postoffice  was  located  here  hi  1870,  with  Chris.  Sogn  as 
Postmaster.     The  present  Postmaster  is  D.  J.  Carpenter. 

The  M.  E.  Church  of  Beloit  was  organized  in  1872,  by  George 
Tillotson,  D.  N.  Tillotson,  James  A.  Carpenter,  E.  E.  Carpenter 
and  others.  The  first  services  were  held  in  the  school  house,  and 
also  at  the  residences  of  different  members.  In  1880,  the  church 
building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  Sli-lOO,  the  expense  being  partial!}^ 
defrayed  by  the  Church  Society  in  the  East,  and  partially  by  con- 
tributions from  the  people.  Rev.  Mr.  Petersojj  was  the  first  pastor, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Pomeroy.  The  use  of  the  building 
is  shared  with  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  Church.  The  present  offi- 
cers of  the  M.  E.  Society  are:  Trustees — E.E.  Carpenter,  George 
Tillotson,  Mrs.  D.  J.  Carpenter,  D.  N.  Richardson.  Clerk — George 
Tillotson.  Treasurer — Mrs.  D.  J.  Carpenter.  The  building  not 
being  quite  completed,  has  consequently  not  yet  been  dedicated. 
This  denomination  was  the  first  to  build  a  church  at  Beloit.  The 
names  of  some  of  the  ministers  who  have  officiated  from  time  to 
time,  are:  Rev.  I.  Wakefield,  Rev.  A.  J.  Benjamin,  Rev.  Mr. 
Newell,  R"v.  B.  Webster  and  Rev.  Mr.  Grace. 

The  Norwegian  Lutheran  Church  was  organized  by  E.  Oleson, 
in  1870.  The  Society  first  met  for  worship  in  the  house  of  H.  T. 
Helgerson,  afterwtirds  holding  their  meetings  in  various  places,  and 
subsequently  meeting  at  the  school  house;  but  at  present,  their 
meetings  are  held  in  the  M.  E.  Church  building.  Rev.  E.  Oleson 
Avas  the  first  and  is  the  present  pastor.  The  membership  is  about 
twenty.  Present  officers:  Trustees — John  Chraft,  Chris.  Sogn, 
0.  T.  Helgerson. 

The  organization  of  the  Presbyterian  Society  dates  from  1878, 
when  the  society  was  organized  by  Rev.  W.  S.  Peterson  with  nine 
members.  The  Society  first  met  in  the  school  house,  where  their 
meetings  continued  to  be  held  until  the  erection  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  in  1880,  in  which  they  now  hold  services.  Rev.  Mr.  Peter- 
son was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Pomsroy  in  1880.  At  present  the 
Society  is  without  a  pastor.  The  membership  numbers  ten.  The 
Society  was  originally  organized  as  a  Congregational  Church  by  S. 
Sheldon.  Moderator,  and  A.  J.  Palmer,  Clerk;  but  was  changed  to 
a  Presbyterian  Society  in  1878.  The  officers  of  the  Congregational 
organization  were:  Deacon — A.  B.  Reynolds.  Clerk — George 
Worthington. 

T.  K.  Bradley  established  the  first  hotel,  Charles  A.  Goelz  and 


IGG  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

Thomas  Thorsou  the  first  store,  and  Arne  Lee  was  the  first  black- 
smith. The  first  death  to  occur  was  that  of  K.  Gesley;  the  first 
birth  was  that  of  a  child  born  to  H.  T.  Helgersou  in  the  fall  of 
1878.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of  F.  A.  Keep  to  Ruby  Carpen- 
ter in  the  winter  of  1873. 

OKFICIAI,   DIKECTOKY. 

President— D.  N.  Richardson. 
Trustees— GzovgATillotson,  John  Chraft. 
Clerk — D.  J.  Carpenter. 
Justices — Charles  A.  Goetz,  A.  B.  Reynolds. 

}5USINESS    mRECTOEY. 

Agricultural  IinpJcnients — 0.  T.  Helgeson. 

Barber — Thomas  Coffield. 

Blacksmith — Magnus  Bergstrum. 

Carpenters — P.  J.  Anderson.  Thomas  Rood,  W.  S.  Smith. 

Creamer// — Wm.  Paxton  and  Son.  • 

Clothing — II.  Adee. 

Furniture — W.  S.  Smith. 

General  Merchandise — Richardson  and  Son,  F.  D.  Mead,  F.  M.  Rowley. 

Hotels — Jerome  Tillotson,  A.  B.  Reynolds. 

Hardware — Michael  Nelson. 

Harness  and  Saddles — T.  W.  Taddershall. 

Meat  Market — Henry  Skewis. 

3rniiner!/—Mv?.  Adee,  Mary  A.  Buckley  &  Co. 

Phi/sician — Eddie  Monroe. 

Pumps  rf^  Wind  Mills — Cotheld  Brothers. 

Plafterer — Walter  Angell. 

Painter — John  Anderson. 

Restaurant — C.  A.  Sumner. 

Saloon — William  KuUer. 

Wagon  Maker — C.  Jensen. 

Woolen  3IiU—E.  E.  Carpenter  &  Co. 


CALLIOPE. 

Just  '"across  the  borders,"  in  Sioux  County,  Iowa,  is  the  thriving 
little  town  of  Calliope.  The  town  is  located  on  the  northwest 
quarter  of  section  35,  town  95,  range  48.  On  the  south  is  Port- 
landville,  to  the  north  is  Eden,  east  is  Orange  City,  and  on  the 
west  is  the  Dakota  line. 

The  town  was  platted  on  the  2d  of  September,  1878,  by  Alexan- 
der Johnson,  who  is  tlie  original  town  proprietor.  In  1870  Lewis 
Larson  erected  his  flouring  mill,  with  one  run  of  stone.  Machin- 
ery for  five  run  of  stone  is  being  added.  Johnson  &  Tibbies 
opened  the  first  store-  general  merchandise — in  1870.     George  H. 


CALLIOPE.  167 

Root  established  the  first  hotel  in  the  autumn  of  1869.  Robert 
McCrary  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  being  the  first  settler.  In 
1869,  the  first  school  house  was  built,  it  being  a  frame  structure 
costing  $1,200.  The  first  wedding  ceremony  was  that  in  which  J. 
J.  Jefi'ers  and  Mary  Root  were  the  contracting  parties,  the  mar- 
riage rites  being  celebrated  in  a  small  shanty  ''out  on  the  prairie" 
by  G.  B.  West.  Efiie  M.,  daughter  of  Harry  and  Eliza  Lantz,  was 
the  first  child  born.  George  H.  Root  was  the  first  Postmaster,  the 
present  Postmaster  being  Caleb  E.  Smith.  Emma  Ames  was  the 
first  teacher  of  the  public  schools. 

October  23,  1880,  the  contract  was  let  to  George  B.  West,  for 
the  erection  of  a  school  house  at  Calliope,  for  the  sura  of  f^l,393. 
The  furniture  of  the  building  was  put  in  at  a  cost  of  $215.26.  W. 
C.  Walton  is  the  present  teacher.  The  members  of  the  Board  of 
Education  are:  C.  P.  Tarbox,  Chairman;  W.  D.  McClure,  E.  J. 
Earl,  W.E.  AYest,  Clerk;  John  Chenowoth,  Treasurer.  The  town 
is  not  yet  incorporated. 

The  present  County  Officers  of  Sioux  County  are:  Treasurer — 
A.  J.  Betlew.  Auditor — John  E.  Wyatt.  Register  of  Deeds — H. 
J.  Lendevink.  Clerk  of  the  Courts — Jelle  Pelmulder.  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools — Simon  Knyper.     Sheriff — Thos.  H.  Dunham. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Calliope  was  organized  in 
the  spring  of  1881,  by  Rev.  Samuel  Snyder.  The  church  officers 
are:  Class  Leader—  G.  B.  West.  Stewards— G.  B.  West,  W.  C. 
Walton.  The  first  services  were  held  in  the  depot  building.  Rev, 
Mr.  Snyder,  the  first  Pastor,  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Pen- 
dell.  There  are  ten  communicants.  Calliope  and  Pleasant  Hill 
constituting  the  circuit.  It  is  expected  to  erect  a  suitable  church 
edifice  during  the  coming  spring. 

Altogether,  the  town  of  Calliope  is  one  with  encouraging  pros- 
pects, and  one  in  which  the  "lines"  of  the  inhabitants  may  be  said 
to  be  a  "pleasantly  cast." 

OFFICIAL  DIKECTOJIY. 

Preside>it—W.  D.  McClure. 
Trustees — John  Chenowoth,  E.  J.  Earl. 
Clerk  and  Treasurer— W.  E.  West. 
Justices — D.  B.  Horton,  G.  H.  Root. 
Co  lis  fable— J).  T.  Gearhart. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Blacksmithing — William  Reese,  D.  E.  Btincroft. 
Druggist — J.  H.  Brower. 


168  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN  DAKOTA. 

General  Merchandise — David  Stephen,  P.  F.  Sweinhart. 
Grain  Dealers — Cossett  it  Huntting. 
Hardware — A.  W.  Herald  and  Co. 

Hotels — Hodgin  House,  Elisha  Hodgin;  Leggett  House,  M.  Leggett;  Numsen 
House,  Clouse  Numsen. 
Lumber  Dealer — W.  E.  Hodgin. 
Meat  Marhet—YiuW  k  Tibbies. 
Newspaper — Calliope  Independent. 
Physician — J.  H.  Brower. 
Postmaster — C.  Smith. 
5«?ooHS— James  Kennedy,  Clouse  Numsen. 


PORTLANDVILLE. 

The  town  of  Portlandville,  Plymouth  County,  Iowa,  was  at  first 
called  "Portland,"  but  the  Postoffice  Department  subsequently 
changed  the  name  to  Portlandville.  The  town  is  located  on  the 
west  half  of  the  southeast  quarter,  and  the  east  half  of  the  south- 
west quarter  of  section  31,  township  93,  range  48.  To  the  east  is 
LeMars,  Iowa,  to  the  west  Vermillion,  Dakota,  to  the  north  is  Cal- 
iope,  while  to  the  south  are  Elk  Point  and  Sioux  City.  The 
original  town  proprietor  is  E.  W.  Sargent,  the  town  having 
been  laid  out  by  E.  W.  Sargent  and  L.  N.  Crill.  Portlandville  was 
organized  January  6,  1873. 

The  first  town  officers  were:  Justices  of  the  Peace — S.  Dennison, 
E.  B.  Donaldson.  Trustees— H.  P.  Gough,  William  McCauliff,  H. 
D.  Barr.  Clerk — M.  K.  Dubois.  Assessor — J.  L.  Coates.  Con- 
stable— -S.  Smith.     Road  Supervisor — Edward  Haymond. 

The  earliest  settlers  were:  E.  W.  Sargent,  George  Reed  and 
H.  D,  Barr  and  family,  who  came  in  the  summer  of  1870;  also  M. 
W.  Toppings. 

Sargent  &  Crill  erected  a  flouring  mill  with  one  run  of  stone  in 
1870,  but  the  mill  has  since  been  enlarged  to  three  run  of  stone. 

The  postoffice  was  established  in  1874,  with  Thomas  Martin  as 
Postmaster.     Miss  Am}'  Hampton  is  the  present  Postmistress. 

The  County  Officers  of  Plymouth  County  are:  Treasurer — John 
Heron.  Auditor—A.  M.  Duus.  Clerk  of  the  Courts— W.  S.  Willi- 
ver.  Register  of  Deeds — Geo.  S<"anley.  Sheriff — James  Hopkins. 
Superintendent  of  Schools — F.  W.  Gurnsey. 

The  first  store  in  Portlandville  was  opened  by  E.  W.  Sargent; 
the  first  hotel  by  George  Reed.  An  infant  son,  born  to  H.  D.  Barr, 
was  the  first  birth,  and  the  leath  of  A.  H.  Smith  was  the  first  death 


PORTLANDYILLE.  169 


to  occur.  Andrew  Palm  and  Emma  Johnson  were  the  contract- 
ing parties  to  the  first  marriage. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1873,  a  frame  building,  with 
two  departments,  costing  about  5^3, 000.  Mrs.  E.  B.  Donalson  was 
the  first  teacher.  The  present  teachers  are:  I.  L.  Albert,  Princi- 
pal, and  Mrs.  Josie  Waterbury. 

The  following  are  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Education :  Wil- 
liam Kidd,  S.  B.  Gilliland,  Henry  Waterbury,  W,  W.  Soper,  Sec- 
retary; E.  W.  Sargent,  Treasurer. 

The  M.  E.  Church  of  Portlandville  was  organized  in  1874,  by 
Elder  James  Williams,  of  Elk  Point.  The  number  of  members  is 
about  fifty.  The  first  church  building  was  erected  in  Portland- 
ville by  this  Society  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  Prior  to  the  building  of 
the  church,  the  meetings  were  held  in  the  school  house.  The  church 
was  dedicated  in  1879,  Rev.  T.  M.  Williams  preaching  the  dedica- 
tory sermon.  Rev.  H.  D.  Brown  was  the  first  pastor.  Rev.  S. 
Snyder  is  the  present  incumbent.  A  parsonage  was  erected  in  1879, 
the  cost  of  the  church  property  being  $1,300.  The  use  of  the 
church  edifice  has  frequently  been  granted  toother  denominations. 

The  Baptist  Church  organization  was  effected  in  1873,  by  Rev. 
T.  W.  Freeman,  of  Elk  Point.  The  church  edifice  was  built  in 
1879,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  Religious  services  were  first  held  at  the 
residence  of  Elder  Coppick,  afterwards  in  the  school  house,  until 
the  erection  of  the  church  building.  Elder  Coppick  was  a  brother 
of  the  man  Coppick,  who  was  with  John  Brown  at  Harper's  Ferry. 
Elder  Coppick  was  the  first  pastor,  and  was  succeeded  by  Elder  J. 
P.  Coffman,  he  by  Elder  Freeman,  the  present  incumbent.  The 
Congregationalists  occupy  the  same  building;  also  the  Episcopal- 
ians, who  are  as  yet  unorganized.  The  Baptist  Society  numbers 
forty  persons.     Its  present  officers  are:     Deacons — Dr.  J.  Freeman, 

W.  F.  Bonney,   Jeffers.     Secretary  and  Treasurer — Dr.   J. 

Freeman. 

A  Temperance  League  was  organized  at  Portlandville  September 
15th,  1881,  by  Rev.  W.  Walker,  of  Vermillion.  This  organization 
is  not  of  a  secret  nature.  Its  officers  are:  President— Y.  G.  Farn- 
ham.  Vice-President — W.  S.  Bell.  Secretary — J.  H.  Muhs. 
Treasurer — W.  W.  Soper. 

■Portlandville  Lodge  No.  54,  L  0.  G.  T.,  was  instituted  in  the 
autumn  of  1865.  Meetings  were  at  first  held  in  the  school  house, 
Newman's  Hall  being  next  rented.     For  a  time  the  Society  pros- 


170  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA, 

pered;  bat  subsequently  they  felt  constrained  to  return  to  the 
school  house  as  the  place  for  holding  their  meetings.  At  one  time 
the  Society  numbered  one  hundred  and  eight  members.  The  char- 
ter members  were:  W.  W.  Soper,  J.  H.  Hampton,  Amy  Hamp- 
ton, Mrs.  A.  H.  Smith,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  N.  Morgan,  J.  C.  Button, 
N.  P.  Hampton,  and  others.  In  1879,  the  Lodge's  career  termin- 
ated, after  a  period  of  useful  existence.  The  last  officers  of  the 
Lodge  were:  James  Biddlecome,  W-  C.;  Mrs.  A.  H.  Smith,  W. 
V.  C;  J.  H.  Hampton,  Chaplain;  A.  R.  Whitney,  F.  S.;  G.  W. 
Peck,  P.  W.  C. 

OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY. 

President — W.  W.  Soper. 
Trustees — Thomas  Sedgwick,  John  Sophy. 
Clerk  and  Treasurer — J.  C.  Button. 
Justices — C.  E.  Robinson,  H.  H.  Sargent. 
Consfahle—A.  H.  Smith. 

BUSI^ESS  DIRECTORY. 

Af/rirultural  Implements — Hans  Mm-phy. 
BJacksmitliiny—M..  W.  Topping,  W.  P.  Kidd. 
Confectionery — Miss  Amy  Hampton. 
Coal  Dealer — 0.  A.  Hubbard. 
Drufjgist — L.  H.  Farnham. 

General  Merchants — C.  Newman  and  Sen,  Muhs  and  Johnsc  n,  A.  L.  Mc- 
Ginnis  and  Brother. 
Grocer— R.  H.  Miller. 
Hardware — V.  G.  Farnham,  B.  Ferguson. 
Hotels— J.  W.  Strong  and  Son,  0.  A.  Stowell. 
Lumber  Dealers — Ashley  and  Race. 
Milliner!/— Mrs.  A.  H.  Smith,  Mrs.  H.  J.  Muhs. 
Miller— E.  W.  Sargent. 

Meat  Markets — A.  P.  Douglas,  J.  W.  Strong. 

Xewsjxiper — Plymouth  County  Record,  F.  T.  Shepard,  Editor  and  Publisher. 
Physician — R.  D.  Clark. 
Postmistress — Miss  Amy  Hampton. 
Shoemakers — J.  Biddelcome,  Henry  Waterbury. 
Saloons — J.  A.  Larkin,  Heniy  Agnes. 
Wacjon  making — Peter  Muir. 


LINCOLN  COUNTY.      ■ 

From  a  carefully  prepared  article  printed  in  the  Sioux  VaJleii 
Neivs^  of  Canton,  in  the  issue  of  that  paper  bearing  date  of  July  19, 
1881,  many  of  the  following  facts  are  taken.  The  statements  of 
the  article  referred  to  have  been  verified  by  the  personal  inspection 
of  the    editor    of  this  work,  who  herewith  presents  in  addition. 


LINCOLN   COUNTY.  171 


other  matters   of   importance  and    interest   concerning    Lincoln 
County  and  the  settlements  which  it  contains: 

About  the  year  1S61,  a  band  of  hardy  pioneers  and  trappers,  the 
vanguard  of  civilization,  crossed  the  Sioux  River  and  plunged 
boldly  into  what  was  then  considered  a  vast  wilderness,  devoid  of 
all  that  helps  to  make  life  attractive.  Instead  of  a  desert,  how- 
ever, they  fouud  a  country  teeming  with  the  most  luxuriant  vege- 
tation their  eyes  had  ever  beheld,  watered  by  inuamerable  clear, 
sparkling  brooks,  cool  springs  and  dashing  rivers.  They  found  a 
dim  ite  unsurpassed,  a  soil  of  superior  richness  and  a  country  of 
surpassing  beauty.  The  attractiveness  of  this  entire  region  soon 
brought  other  settlers,  and  on  April  5th,  1862,  this  county  was 
set  off  and  its  boundaries  fixed  by  the  Legislature.  Prior  to  1866, 
however,  the  county  was  mostly  given  up  to  trappers,  hunters  and 
wandering  tribes  of  Indians,  the  latter  being  largely  in  the  ma- 
jority. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  where  the  flourishing  city  of  Can- 
ton now  stands,  by  L.  P.  Hyde  and  his  son  Henry.  They  broke  a 
few  acres  of  ground,  but  soon  after  returned  to  the  East.  In  the 
fall  of  the  same  year,  A.  J.  Linderman  came  into  the  county  and 
pre-empted  and  settled  upon  a  valuable  tract  of  timber  land  near 
his  present  location,  and  has  since  made  his  home  here,  being  at 
the  present  time  a  resident  of  Canton.  On  the  18th  of  Ma}^,  1867, 
Benjamin  HilLWilliam  Hill  and  James  Sorter  and  their  families 
movea  into  the  county  and  settled  on  Beaver  Creek  a  short  dis- 
tance above  its  mouth.  In  the  summer  and  fall  of  the  same  year 
a  number  of  families  came  from  the  East  and  settled  near  the  site 
now  occupied  by  the  city  of  Canton.  Others  of  these  early  settlers 
were:  J.  T.  Fitzgerald,  William  Craig,  W.  S.  Smith,  Thomas  Sar- 
gent, Daniel  McLaren  and  Josiah  Weakley,  who  came  in  the 
autumn  of  1867;  W.  M.  Cuppett,  John  W.  Hewitt,  Geo.  T.  Ray, 
John  H.  Holsey,  S.  C.  Lashley,  A.  B.  Wheelockand  others,  who 
came  the  following  spring. 

During  the  winter  ofl867-8,  the  settlers  were  greatly  disturbed 
by  the  Indians,  who  threatened  on  several  occasions  to  massacre 
the  entire  community.  Fortunately,  however,  these  threats  were 
never  executed,  and  the  early  settlement  of  Lincoln  County  was 
effected  without  bloodshed. 

A  petition  for  the  organization  of  the  county  was  presented  to 
the  Legislature  in  1867,  and  the  county  duly  organized  by  an    act 


172  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

of  that  bod}^  approved  December  30th,  1867,  and  the  name  of 
Lincoln  given  the  new  organization  in  honor  of  our  mart3'red 
President,  Abraham  Lincoln.  The  boundaries  were  not  satisfac- 
torily established  until  1870,  when  a  bill  was  introduced  fixing  the 
lines  as  follows:  ''Beginning  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Turner 
County;  thence  north  along  the  east  line  of  said  Turner  County, 
to  the  north  line  of  township  100;  thence  east  along  said  township 
line  to  the  center  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Big  Sioux  River; 
thence  southerly  along  said  main  channel  to  the  northeast  corner  of 
Union  County;  thence  west  along  the  line  of  LTnion  and  Clay 
Counties  to  the  place  of  beginning."  By  the  establishment  of 
these  boundaries,  it  fixes  the  length  of  Lincoln  County  at  thirty 
miles,  its  breadth  at  twenty-two  miles,  and  its  area  at  G60  scjuare 
miles.  The  County  Seat  was  located  by  the  act  of  1867,  ''upon  the 
southeast  c^uarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  section  14^  township 
98  north,  of  range  49,  west  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian,'"  and 
by  the  unanimous  votes  of  the  settlers,  the  name  of  Canton  was 
given  to  the  new  County  Seat.  By  the  same  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, the  first  county  officers  were  appointed. 

At  the  time  of  the  incorporation,  there  were  but  sixteen  voters 
in  the  county.  In  the  spring  of  1868,  twenty-five  Norwegian 
families  moved  from  Iowa  and  settled  a  short  distance  from  the 
new  town  of  Canton.  About  the  same  time,  a  number  of  families 
from  the  East  settled  in  the  present  township  of  Eden,  and  these 
were  soon  followed  by  others,  who  settled  in  what  is  now  known 
as  Fairview  Township.  On  July  1st  of  this  year,  the  first  post- 
office  in  the  county,  was  established  in  Canton,  and  shortly  after, 
another  one  was  opened  at  Eden,  as  it  is  now  called.  The  first 
school  house  was  built  at  Canton  in  1870. 

The  first  officers  of  the  county  were:  Commissioners — A.  J. 
Liuderman,  H.  P.  Hyde,  Benjamin  Hill.  Sheriff — C.  H.  Swift. 
Judge  of  Probate — J.  Q.  Fitzgerald.  Register  of  Deeds — William 
Hill.  Justices  of  the  Peace — William  Hyde,  W.  S.  Smith.  Cor- 
oner— Josiah  Weakley. 

The  first  general  election  was  held  in  1868,  and  resulted  in  the 
selection  of  the  following  officers:  Commissioners — T.  M.  Sargent, 
C.  H.  Sogn,  W.  S.  Peters.  Sheriff— C.  H.  Swift.  Treasurer— S. 
C.  Lashley.  Register  of  Deeds — W.  M.  Cuppett.  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate— J.  ii.  Fitzgerald.  Assessor — John  Hewitt.  Very  few  of  the 
officers  qualified,  and  others  were  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancies. 


LINCOLN   COUNTY.  173 


Early  in  1871,  immigration  began  to  pour  into  the  county,  and 
from  that  time  forward,  its  growth  has  been  rapid  and  prosperous. 
A  number  of  postoffices  were  now  established,  and  several  villages 
laid  out;  farm  buildings  commenced  to  dot  the  prairies  in  every 
direction,  numerous  artificial  groves  were  planted,  and  an  era  of 
rapid  and  substantial  improvement  was  fairly  inaugurated.  In 
August,  1872,  The  SioKx  Valley  Netrs,  the  first  paper  published  in 
Lincoln  County,  was  issued. 

The  development  of  Lincoln  County's  resources  was  necessarily 
slow,  until  the  Sioux  City  &  Pembina  Railroad  reached  the  south- 
ern boundary  line,  in  the  fall  of  1879.  No  sooner  was  this  road 
completed,  than  a  perfect  flood  of  immigration  commenced.  In 
July,  1879,  the  main  line  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Road  crossed  the  Big  Sioux  and  entered  Lincoln  County.  This 
gave  immigration  a  new  impetus,  and  Lincoln  County  has  enjoyed 
a  continuous  boom  ever  since.  All  of  its  sixteen  townships  are 
now  settled,  and  within  its  boundaries  are  some  of  the  most  impor- 
tant towns  in  Southeastern  Dakota. 

Lincoln  County  ranks  among  the  best  agricultural  counties  in 
all  this  fertile  Territory.  The  face  of  the  county  is  diversified  by 
level  prairie  and  rolling  lands,  "the  numerous  clear  running  streams 
with  which  it  abounds  forming  numerous  valleys,  the  soil  of  which 
is  the  richest  to  be  found  in  all  this  section  of  country,  being 
especially  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  cereals."  The  county  is 
bounded  by  the  Big  Sioux  on  the  east,  and  the  Vermillion  on  the 
west,  while  the  Missouri  is  but  twenty-five  miles  south  of  its  south- 
ern boundary.  Besides  these  rivers,  the  county  abounds  in  clear 
running  brooks  and  bubbling  springs  which  afford  an  abundance 
of  clear,  pure  water.  The  soil  is  rich  and  moist,  though  not  wet, 
and  is  particularly  adapted  to  agriculture,  the  yield  of  all  descrip- 
tions of  grain  being  large,  though  flax,  rye,  oats,  barley  and  corn, 
are  proving  a  more  profitable  crop  than  wheat.  For  stock  raising 
the  county  is  unsurpassed. 

The  land  in  the  eastern  townships,  bordering  on  the  Sioux  River, 
is  more  rolling  than  that  of  the  western  townships,  but  none  less 
adapted  to  agriculture  or  stock  raising,  and  the  scenery  in  many 
places,  particularly  along  the  river  banks,  is  beautiful  in  the 
extreme.  In  the  central  and.  western  townships  the  land  is  less 
rolling  but  equally  rich  and  productive.  Owing  to  the  care 
bestowed  upon  tree  culture,  the  county  abounds  in  large  and  beau- 


174  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

tiful  groves,  which  are  as  useful  as  they  are  attractive,  while  the 
banks  of  the  rivers  are  lined  with  a  heavy  growth  of  excellent 
timber. 

Lincoln  County  is  largely  settled  by  Eastern  people.  Churches 
and  school  houses  are  profusely  scattered  throughout  the  county, 
and  the  standard  of  education  and  morality  is  as  high  as  it  is  in 
Wisconsin,  Ohio,  New  York,  or  any  other  State.  In  a  word,  "Da- 
kota society  is  Eastern  society  transplanted." 

Lincoln  County  has  two  of  the  best  railroads  in  the  West,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  the  Sioux  City  &  Dakota,  by 
either  of  which  it  has  direct  communication  with  the  leading  mar- 
kets of  the  East,  and  by  which  it  has  a  superior  outlet  for  its  sur- 
plus products.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  PauljRoad,  which 
crosses  the  county  from  east  to  west,  is  a  direct  line  to  Chicago 
and  Milwaukee.  The  Sioux  City  &  Dakota,  running  from  Sioux 
City  to  Sioux  Falls,  enters  the  county  at  Eden,  and  crosses  Canton, 
Dayton,  Springdale,  and  the  northeast  corner  of  La  Valley  Town- 
ships. Over  this  road,  the  traveler  or  shipper  has  the  advantage 
of  several  routes  after  reaching  Sioux  City.  Thus,  it  will  be  seen, 
•the  citizens  of  Lincoln  (Jounty  are  in  no  danger  from  oppressive 
freight  or  passenger  tariifs.  The  distance  to  Chicago  by  either 
route  is  about  500  miles. 

The  following  are  the  present  County  Officers  of  Lincoln  County: 
Commissioners — 0.  T.  Brandhagen,  Nathan  Noble.  P.  C.  Parker. 
Register  of  Deeds — Elling  Opsal.  Treasurer — A.  C.  Deeds.  Sheriif 
— A.  P.  Dixon.  Clerk  of  Courts — W.  M.  Cuppett.  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools — John  AUibone.  Surveyor  —  Oscar  E.  Rea. 
Judge  of  Probate — R.  Z.  Bennett.     Coronet — H.  Southard. 

The  names  of  the  various  townships  in  the  county  are  as  fol- 
lows: Delapre,  Springdale,  Perry,  LaV alley,  Dayton,  Grant,  Lynn, 
Canton,  Delaware,  Lincoln.  High  land,  Fairview,  Pleasant.  Brook- 
lyn, Norway,  Eden.  There  are  numerous  small  villages  in  the 
county,  all  of  which  are  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and  some  of 
them  l)id  fair  to  l)ccome  important  towns. 

In  this  connection,  the  following  miscellaneous  items  will  prove 
of  interest: 

On  the  first  day  of  January,  1868,  every  white  inhabitant  of 
Lincoln  County,  save  three,  assembled  at  the  house  of  J.  Q.  Fitz- 
gerald and  partook  of  a  New  Year's  dinner.  There  were  thirty 
persons  present. 


LINCOLX   COUXTY.  175 


The  first  death  to  occur  in  the  county  was  that  of  an  infant  son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Sorter. 

The  first  hotel  in  the  county  was  "kept"  by  Benjamin  Hill.  It 
was  a  log  house,  and  was  located  a  few  rods  south  of  where  the 
south  line  of  Hill's  Addition  to  Canton  now  runs. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  of  1868,  this  portion  of  the 
country  was  devastated  by  grasshoppers. 

The  first  postoffice  was  established  July  1st,  1868,  with  Benja- 
min Hill  as  Postmaster. 

In  the  fall  of  1868,  Thomas  Sargent  and  W.  S.  Smith  procured 
a  shingle  machine,  and  made  the  first  shingles  ever  made  in  Lin- 
coln County. 

The  first  wedding  to  occur  in  Lincoln  County,  took  place  on  the 
13th  of  October.  1868,  John  Hanson  and  Siren  Louise  Bille,  being 
the  contracting  parties.  The  lady  had  but  just  arrived  from  Nor- 
Avay. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  county  was  built  in  Canton  in  ISTO. 
The  first  church — Congregational — was  built  in  1872. 

District  Court  was  established  at  Canton,  by  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, in  1870.  The  first  term  of  court  was  held  in  October,  1871, 
Judge  J.  P.  Kidder  presiding.  Court  was  held  in  the  school  house, 
which  building  is  now  occupied  by  G-.  A.  Nelson,  as  a  boot  and 
shoe  store,  at  Canton . 


CANTON. 

Much  of  the  historj"  of  the  County  Seat  of  Lincoln  County,  and 
one  of  the  most  important  towns  in  Southeastern  Dakota,  neces- 
sarily appears  in  the  preceding  detailed  county  history. 

Canton  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Sioux 
River,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  It  is  surrounded  by  rich 
rolling  prairie  land,  thickly  dotted  over  by  large  and  well  tilled 
farms  and  beautiful  natural  and  artificial  groves. 

Standing  on  an  elevation,  facing  the  south,  directly  in  front  of 
the  visitor,  and  about  an  eighth  of  a  mile  distant,  flows  the  beauti- 
ful river,  fringed  on  either  bank  with  a  narrow  strip  of  second 
growth  timber,  while  further  off,  and  a^trifle  to  the  left,  the  small 
village  of  Beloit,  Iowa,  nestles  at  the  foot  of  huge  bluffs.  Off  in 
the  distance  to  the  right  and  in  front,  a  range  of  bluffs  meets  the 
eye. 


176  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

Turning  from  the  beautiful  picture  which  nature  spreads  before 
him,  to  an  inspection  of  the  town  itself,  the  observer  sees  a  well 
built  and  thrifty  community,  with  large  and  attractive  business 
establishments,  comfortable  residences,  activity  on  all  sides,  and 
everything  that  goes  to  make  up  a  prosperous  and  growing  town 
of  more  than  1,000  inhabitants.  Again  turning  from  the  business 
portion  of  the  town — which  it  is  not  the  province  of  a  purely  his- 
torical work  to  describe  in  that  detailed  manner  which  smacks  of 
the  advertisement — the  writer  takes  up  the  pleasant  task  of  de- 
scribing the 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS  AND  SOCIETIES. 

The  Congregational  Society  was  organized  October  16th.  1870, 
by  Rev.  J.  Ward,  of  Yankton.  Meetings  Avere  at  first  held  in  a 
sod  house  that  stood  on  the  Court  House  Square:  afterwards  in  the 
old  school  house;  and  continued  to  be  held  in  school  houses  until 
the  erection  of  the  church  building  in  1872.  The  cost  of  the  build- 
ing was  about  $1,000.  A  parsonage  has  been  recently  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $800.  The  membership  is  forty-six.  J.  W.  Martin  and 
John  Grain  were  the  first  Deacons  of  the  Society.  Rev.  Lucius 
Kingsbury  is  the  present  pastor.  The  present  officers  of  the  Socie- 
ty are:  Trustees— N.  C.  Nash,  [.  N.  Martin,  J.  Q.  Fitzgerald. 
Deacons — Hiram  Benedict,  I.  N.  Martin.  Clerk — John  Zellar. 
Sabbath  School  Suijerintendent — Hiram  Benedict.  The  attend- 
ance at  Sunday  School  is  about  fifty  pupils.  This  Societ}'^  was  for 
some  time  tiie  only  Congregational  Society  in  the  Sioux  Valley. 
The  pastors  in  order  have  been:  Rev.  J.  A.  Palmer,  Rev.  M.  V. 
B.  Morrison,  Rev.  D.  Thomas,  Rev.  L.  Kingsbury. 

The  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  1876,  under  the  admin- 
istration of  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Fowler,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condi- 
tion. Their  church  building  is  now  nearing  completion,  and  will 
cost  $1,500.  Rev.  J.  M.  McBride,  of  Eden,  has  been  the  clergy- 
man in  charge  for  the  past  two  years.  Rev.  W.  W.  Fowler,  the 
first  pastor,  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Huntington,  after  whom 
came  Mr.  McBride.  There  are  twenty-seven  communicants.  The 
officers  of  the  Society  are:  0.  S.  Gilford,  AVarden;  .lohn  0.  Tay- 
lor, M.  D.,  J.  W.  Taylor. 

The  Presbyterian  Society  was  organized  about  the  year,  1870, 
continued  in  existence  about  one  year,  and  then,  by  vote,  resolved 
to  unite  with  the  Congreirationalists. 


CAXTOX.  .  1 77 

The  "  Evangelien  Lutran  "  Society  of  Canton  was  organized 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Christionson  in  1868,  and  met  first  at  the  houses  of 
different  members.  They  afterwards  held  services  in  the  Court 
House,  where  their  meetings  continue  to  be  held.  The  Society 
contemplates  building  a  suitable  edifice  immediately — to  be  34  by 
50  feet  in  dimensions,  and  to  cost  in  the  neighborhood  of  $1,500. 
Rev  E.  Olson,  the  present  pastor,  succeeded  Rev.  Mr.  Christionson. 
There  are  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  members  of 
the  society,  Canton  and  Land's  Church  constituting  the  circuit. 
The  officers  are:  Trustees — Englebred  Torkelson,  Amon  Peterson. 
Secretary — Mathias  Hanson.     Treasurer — M.  L.  Syverud. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  1869,  by 
Elder  Mitchell.  Services  were  first  held  in  W.  D.  Parke's  building, 
afterwards  in  the  building  used  as  a  school  house  in  Canton.  In 
1877,  they  began  to  hold  meetings  in  the  Congregational  Church, 
which  they  continued  to  do  every  alternate  Sabbath  for  a  year.  In 
the  spring  of  1880,  the  Society  erected  a  church  building  at  a  cost 
of  81,000.     The  pastors  in  order  were:  Revs.  Almon  Gore,  Thomas 

Cuthbert,  Ira  Wakefield,  A.  J.  Benjamin,  0.  Bryan, Newell, 

B.  Webster.  Rev.  Mr.  Grace  is  the  present  pastor.  There  are  about 
sixteen  members.  The  first  officers  were:  Trustees — W.  D.  Parke, 
J.  Q.  Fitzgerald,  I.  N.Mirtin.  Stewart — Ed.  Carpenter.  Present 
officers:  Trustees — Mathew  Keller,  E.  Wendt,  H.  H.  DeLong, 
Frank  Dunham,  George  Tillotson,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Wells.  The  church 
was  dedicated  in  the  autumn  of  1880.  Rev.  Wilmot  Whitfield 
preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

The  Norwegian  Lutheran  Bethlehem  Society  of  Lincoln  County 
includes  one  church  in  Norway  Township  and  one  in  Canton. 
They  have  no  church  building  in  Canton,  but  have  selected  a 
site  on  which  they  propose  building,  the  present  autumn  (1881). 
they  have  a  church  building  in  Norway  Township, which  was  erect- 
ed in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  about  $800.  The  Society  was  organized 
in  1872  by  the  Norwegian  people  of  the  county.  The  first  pastor 
was  Rev.  0.  E.  Hofstad,  the  present  incumbent.  There  are  about 
six  hundred  members,  and  the  Society  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 
The  contemplated  building  in  Canton  will  be  30  by  60  feet  in  di- 
mensions, and  will  cost  about  $2,000.  The  officers  of  the  Society 
are:  Trustees — M.  Monrad,  Andrew  Johnson,  S.  Wendblom,  E. 
Shulson.  M.  Moe,  J.  Matthison.  Treasurer — M.  Monrad.  Secre- 
tary— M.  Aas. 


178  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA  . 

Silver  Star  Lodge  No.  4,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Under  the  Iowa  dis- 
pensation, this  Lodge  was  No.  345.     It  was  organized  June   3d, 

1875.  Charter  members:  W.  H.  Miller,  Sr.,  M.  W.  Bailey,  S.  H. 
Stafford,  Jr.,  and  others.  Their  charter  was  renewed  at  the  session 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Dakota  in  Yankton,  in  June,  1876.  First 
officers:  W.  H.  Miller,  Sr.,  W.  M.;  M.  W.  Bailey.  S.  W.;  S.  H. 
Stafford,  J.  W.;  W.  M.  Cuppett,  Secretary;  George  Keller,  Treas- 
urer; D.  H.  Hawn,S.  D.;  G.  M.  Holmes,' J.  D.;  J.  W.  Steele,  S. 
S.;  G.  W.  Naylor,  J.  S.;  J.  W.  Hewitt,  Tyler.  Present  officers: 
0.  S.  Gitford,'w.  M.;  D.  H.  Hawu,  S.  W.;  Filing  Opsal,  J.  AV.; 
0.  E.  Rea,  Secretary;  C.  Christopher,  Treasurer;  A.  B.  Wheelock, 
S.  D.;  G.  A.  Nelson.  J.  D.;  Robert  Lanning,  Tyler.  Meetings  are 
held  in  the  hall  over  Gale  &  Ward's  bank.  The  menibersiiip  is 
about  fifty.     The  Lodge  is  a  prosperous  one. 

Centennial  Lodge  No.  10,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted   July  22d, 

1876.  Charter  members:  M.  W.  Bailey,  W.  M.  Robinson, 
Robert  Lanning,  Gottlieb  Gerber,  J.  C.  Jewell.  First  officers:  M. 
W.  Bailey,  N.  G.;  Robert  Lanning,  Treasurer.  Present  officers: 
G.  W.  Harlan,  N.  G.;  0.  A.  Rudolph,  V.  G.;  N.  C.  Nash,  Secretary; 
Joseph  Horn,  Treasurer.  The  membership  is  about  thirty-five. 
Meetings  are  held  in  Dahl's  Hall.  The  Lodge  is  in  a  prosperous 
condition,  and  expects  to  build  a  suitable  hall  very  soon. 

Canton  Lodge  No.  2,1.  0.  G.  T. — formerly  Rescue  Lodge  No.  2 
— was  organized  under  the  latter  name  August  25th,  1876.  The 
change  of  name  occurred  in  March  of  the  present  year.  Charter 
members:  N.  C.  Nash,  W.  S.  Benedict,  J.  K.  Fitzgerald,  Rev.  L. 
Kingsbury,  Mrs.  Kingsbury,  Mrs.  Fitzgerald,  Ada  Fitz- 
gerald, J.  B.  Pattee,  Miss  Lillian  Coloney,  Miss  Carrie  Tay- 
lor, and  others.  There  are  about  fifty  members.  Meet- 
ings are  held  in  Dahl's  Hall.  Present  officers:  C.  E.  Judd, 
W.  C.;Miss  Lillian  Coloney,  V.  C;  Miss  Opsal,  Secretary;  Mrs.  J. 
W.  Taylor,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Wells,  F.  S.;  Rev.  L.  Kingsbury,  Chap- 
lain; Oscar  Rea,  P.  W.  C;  Nina  Nash,  M.;  H.  Keeler.  I.  G. 

Security  Lodge  No.  1,  A.  0.  U.  W.,  was  instituted  in  November, 
1880.  Charter  members:  F.  R.  Aikens,  J.  W.  Taylor,  G.  A. 
Byers,  F.  J.  Martin,  J.  N.  Menor,  G.  W.  Martin,  E. 
Wendt,  F.  Klopper,  G.  H.  Wiggins,  A.  F.  Tate,  E. 
M.  Miles,  C.  A.  Bedford,  N.  C.  Nash,  G.  W.  Harlan,  M. 
M.  Clark.  Membership  about  twenty-five.  Present  officers:  J. 
W.  Taylor,  M.  AV.;  G.  W.  Harlan,  F.;  E.  Wendt,  Receiver;  E.  N. 


CANTON.  179 

Miles,  Recorder;  C.  A.  Bedford,  Financier;  G.  W.  Martin,  G.;  T. 
J.  Myers,  I.  G.;  G.  Byers,  0.  G.  Meetings  are  held  in  Dahl's 
Hall. 

The  Canton  Brass  Band  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1876, 
and  continued  until  the  autumn  of  1880,  when  it  disbanded. 

THE    NEWSPAPERS  OF  CANTON. 

The  Sioux  Valleii  News  was  established  in  1872,  under  the  man- 
agement of  R.  H.  Miller,  to  whom  Arthur  Linn  succeeded.  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1877,  N.  C.  Nash  bought  a  one-half  interest,  and  shortly 
afterwards  became  sole  proprietor.  Mr.  Nash  has  continued  as 
editor  and  proprietor  ever  since.  The  paper  is  Republican  in  pol- 
itics, is  an  eight-column  folio,  has  a  circulation  of  seven  hundred 
copies,  and  is  the  official  paper  of  the  city  and  county. 

The  Canton  Advocate  was  established  in  1876,  its  first  issue  be- 
ing dated  April  26th,  of  that  year.  Skinner  &  Tall  man  were  the 
proprietors,  under  which  management  it  was  conducted  but  a  short 
time,  there  being  several  changes  of  proprietorship  during  the  first 
year.  June  lOtli,  1877,  Carter  Bros.,  purchased  the  Advocate  of 
South  &  Martin,  and  it  has  continued  under  their  management.  It 
is  a  seven-column  paper,  and  is  Republican  in  politics.  Both  papers 
are  quite  creditable  publications. 

OFFICIAL    DIRECTORY. 

Maijov—Q.  S.  Giftbrd. 

AJdermen—S.  W.  Hewitt,  A.  R.  Brown,  S.  C.  Madole,  J.  Horn,  W.  M.  Cup- 
pett. 

Clerk— 3.  Falde,  Jr. 
Treasurer — T.  J.  Fosdick. 
Marslial—Qt.  VV.  Harlan. 
Police  Justice — E.  H.  Wilson. 

BUSINESS    DIRECTORY. 

Attorneys.— G.  S.  Gifford,  Taylor  &  Rassell,  M.  Randolph,  Kennedy  Bros.,  B. 
Wilson,  O^car  Rea,  J.  C.  Kline,  J.  W.  Carter. 

Architects  and  Builders — J.  B.  Pattee,  Hewitt  andAlexander, Thorn- 
ton. 

Banks — Gale  &  Ward,  Lincoln  County  Bank.  Brown  Brothers'  Bank. 

Blacksmitliing-  -3 .  Horn  it  Co.,  Ole  Isacson. 

Barbers — George  Webb. 

Bakery — William  Robinson. 

Brewery — A.  Hanschenk. 

Boots  and  Shoes — G.  A.  Nelson. 

Confectionery — Ira  Soule. 

Clothing— T.  J.  Fosd'ck,  A.F.  Rudolph. 

Druggists  ~T.  W.  Hood,  Lewis  &  House,  J.  Keller. 


180  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

Dry  Goods — Madole  &  Hinkley. 

Doctors— ^l.  M.  Clark,  Dr.  Southard,  E.  Y.  Brown,  J.  I.  Taylor,  Dr.  Smith. 

Furniture — H.  Woere,  L.  Simmons. 

Grain  Dealers — Bassett  &  Hanttingf,  H.  C.  Marsh  &  Co. 

General  Merchandise — E.  Wendt,  Linad  Christenson,  Charles  Christopher, 
William  Miller. 

Hotels — Havlan  House,  Naylor  House,  Thompson  House,  Merchants  House 

Harness — J.  W.  Hewitt. 

Hardware— T.  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  0.  F.  Rudolph, Mallory. 

Insurance — Taylor  &  Russell,  Thomas  Thorsen  &  Co. 

Jewelers— E.  M.  Mdes  &  Co.,  M.  L.  Syverud. 

Lirenj — Charles  Slack,  A.  G.  Brooman. 

Millinery— Mrs.  E.M.  Wells,  Mrs.  L.  Loken,  Mrs.  Haroldson. 

News  Depot — J.  I.  Taylor. 

Newspapers — Sioux  Valley  News,  N.  C.  Nash,  Editor  aud  Propi-ietor;  Canton 
Advocate,  Carter  Bros.,  Editors. 

Saloons — W.  S.  Corson,  A.  J.  Linderman,  A.  Hoffman. 

Wagon  Making — D.  H.  Hawn,  A.  M.  Ross,  J.  Kramer. 


EDEN. 

The  original  town  of  Eden  was  located  two  and  one-half  miles 
southwest  of  the  present  town,  oi  Frazier  Gilman's  land.  Mr. 
Gilman  was  the  town  proprietor,  and  built  a  fine  store  building, 
where  he  conducted  business  for  about  two  years.  He  also  built  a 
hotel,  and  surveyed  a  number  of  lots,  none  of  Avhich  were  ever 
recorded. 

The  earliest  settlers  were:  Frazier  Gilman,  John  Davis,  Andrew 
Gove,  David  Thorpe,  J.  B.  Bradley.  A.  B.  Wheelock,  and  others, 
who  came  in  1(S6S.  After  Gilman  closed  out  his  store  in  the  old 
town,  the  business  was  then  continued  for  four  years  by  S.  B.  Cul- 
bertson,  who  carried  a  stock  of  general  merchandise.  The  railroad 
was  built  to  the  present  townsite  in  1878,  which  was  the  signal 
for  a  general  removal  from  the  old  town.  The  date  of  the  town- 
ship organization  is  the  3"ear,  1877.  The  population  of  Eden  is 
about  200.  The  first  town  officers  were:  Trustees — P.  H.  Fritts, 
Joseph  Millett,  H.  D.  Fitch.  Clerk— J.  A.  Fowles.  Treasurer— 
E.  J.  Harris.  Present  town  officers:  Trustees— P.  H.  Fritts,  G. 
S.  Millett,  Peterson  Pierce.  Clerk — J.  A.  Fowles.  Treasurer — 
E.  J.  Harris.  Constable — T.  W.  Knight.  The  present  town  of 
Eden  was  platted  by  A.  B.  Wheelock  in  1878. 

The  Eden  Sun  was  started  in  January,  1880,  with  Geo.  W. 
Mathews  as  editor  and  proprietor.      The  Sun  "shone"'  until  Octo- 


EDEN",  181 

ber,  1881,  when  it  was  moved  to  the  town  of  Meno  in  Hutchin- 
son County. 

Strnble  Bros,  started  the  first  flouring  mill  in  1876;  the  bank, 
of  which  Taylor  &  Russell  are  proprietors,  was  started  during  the 
present  year;  the  first  hotel  in  the  new  town  was  established  by 
A.  Snyder,  and  the  first  store  by  S.  B.  Culbertson.  A.  B.  Whee- 
lock  was  the  first  Postmaster,  the  present  Postmaster  being  George 
W.  Mathews. 

A  school  house  was  built  in  the  old  town  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of 
about  $300.  In  1880,  a  new  school  house  was  built  in  the  present 
town,  at  a  cost  of  §1,700,  having  two  departments.  Miss  Hattie 
Taylor  and  Miss  Van  Meter  were  the  first  teachers  in  the  new 
building.  Prof.  C.  D.  Stack,  of  Canton,  is  the  present  Principal. 
The  enrollment  is  sixty-five  pupils. 

Eden  Lodge  No.  4,  I.  0.  G.  T.,  was  instituted  in  April  of  the 
preseut  year.  Charter  members:  Rev.  Mr.  McBride,  Frank  Odell, 
Enoch  Hunt,  Charles  Steward,  Ed.  Hunt,  Sarah  Hunt,  Mina  Fritts, 
C.  M.  Quint,  M.  B.  Quint,  James  Jackson,  J.'J.  Jackson,  A.  Mil- 
ler, A.  Fritts.  First  officers:  M.  B.  Quint,  W.  C;  J.  J.  Jackson, 
V.  C;  J.  S.  Jackson.  P.  C;  Rev.  Mr.  McBride,  C:  Enoch  Hunt, 
Secretary;  Mina  Fritts,  Treasurer:  A.  Fritts,  F.  S.  The  present 
officers  are  the  same  as  above. 

The  Episcopal  Society  is  the  only  church  organization  in  Eden 
at  the  present  time.  Their  church  edifice  was  built  in  1879,  and 
cost  $1,500.  Rev.  Mr.  McBride  was  the  first,  and  is  the  present 
pastor.     The  Society  was  organized  in  1878. 

The  Eden  Cornet  Band  was  organized  December  10,  1880.  P. 
A.  Overseth  is  the  Leader,  C.  E.  Blount,  Secretary,  and  M.  R. 
Odell,  Treasurer. 

OFFICIAL    DIKECTOKY. 

President— V.  H.  Fritts. 

Trustees— (j.  S.  Millett,  Peterson  Pierce. 

Clerk— J.  A.  Fowles. 

Treasurer — E.  .J.  Harris. 

Constable— T.  W.  Knight. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORT. 

Agricultural  Implements — W.  K.  Slacle  and  Company. 

Blacks mithing — Jackson  Brothers. 

Contractor  and  Builder — T.  W.  Knight. 

Coal  and  Wood—i.  B.  Bradley. 

Druggist — A.  M.  Avery. 

Grocers— M..  B.  Quint. 


182  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 


General  Merchaudise—Overseth  iuu\  Dyste,  S.  B.  Culbertson. 
Grain  ami  Stock  Dealers— B.  F.  Ilart-zoll,  Bassett  and  Huiittin<,',  Stnlgwick 
Brothers. 

Harness— C.  Smith.  S.  A.  Waterbury. 

Hardirare—W.  K.  Shide  and  Company, Cady. 

Hotels— SnyAov  Ho:ise,  A.  Snyder;  Oommerciiil  House,  L.  P.  Farley. 

Lumber  Dealers— ^t  Croix  Lumber  Co. 

Livery — T.  H.  Van  sickle. 

Meat  Markei—OdeW  Brothers. 

Millinery— Mrs.  T.  R.  Law,  Mrs.  T.  W.  Knight. 

Painter — A.  Ammidson. 

Physician — A.  M.  Avery. 

Saloon — Sophy  Brothers. 

Wagon  Makiny — Jackson  Brothers. 

LENNOX. 

Among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Lennox  were:  A.  Boynton,  who 
came  in  July,  1879;  F.  H.  Treat,  Dr.  G.  W.  Moody,  H.  C.  Conk- 
lin,  J.  V.  Conklin,  S.  F.  Hitchcock,  J.  M.  Macomber,  W.  B.Wait, 
B.  Gillmore,  D.  T.  Debelts,  N.  Smith  and  brother,  and  others. 

Lennox  was  platted  by  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P.  Railroad  Co.,  in  1879. 
The  village  is  situated  in  the  township  of  Perry,  whose  first  officers 
were:  Supervisors — D.  S  Waldo,  Chairman;  William  Bedford,  A. 
Boynton.  Clerk — E.C.Jacobs.  Treasurer — F.H.  Treat.  Asses- 
sor— A.  J.  Flemming.  Justices  of  the  Peace — G.  W.  Palmer,  David 
Little.  Officers  in  1880:  Supervisors — J.  V.  Conklin,  Chairman; 
0.  P.  Ashley,  Martin  Holter.  Clerk^P.  F.  Haas.  Treasurer 
— W.  B.  Wait.  Assessor — John  Isackson.  Justices  of  the  Peace 
— G.  W.  Palmer,  David  Little. 

Lennox  was  named  for  the  Private  Secretary  of  S.  S.  Merrill. 
The  population,  according  to  the  census  of  1880,  was  but  90,  which 
haslsince  been  increased  to  at  least  150,  and  continues  to  be  increas- 
ed by  valuable  accessions. 

The  first  store  was  built  bv  A.  Boynton;  the  second  by  Mr, 
Conklin.  F.  H.  Treat  was  the  first  Postmaster.  The  Dakota  Loan 
Company  have  established  the  first  bank. 

There  was  a  contest  over  the  location  of  the  townsite,  which  re- 
tarded the  growth  of  the  town  somewhat.  The  land  was  held  as  a 
timber  claim  by  Mr.  J.  Sheldon,  who  with  Gen.  John  Lawler,  of 
Prairie  du  Cliien,  became  the  town  proprietors.  Dr.  Moody  made 
a  contest  by  hling  a  pre-emption  on  the  townsite.  It  was  settled 
amicably  by  dividing  the  townsite,  each  sharing   his   proportion 


LENNOX.  183 

thereof.  The  town  has  been  heretofore  one  of  the  best  shipping 
points  for  grain  on  this  line  of  the  road  in  Dakota. 

The  first  newspaper  published  at  Lennox  Avas  the  Dakota  Demo- 
crat, which  was  established  October  6th,  1880,  under  the  supervis- 
ion of  W.  H.  Clark.  On  the  1st  of  December  of  that  year,  it  was 
bought  by  P.  F.  Haas,  who  in  April  of  the  present  year,  named  it 
the  Lincoln  Count tj  Independent  October  28,  1881,  J.  E.  Hazlitt 
purchased  a  half-interest  with  Mr.  Haas.  This  firm  intend  also  to 
print  a  German  paper,  w^hich  will  be  a  seven-column  folio,  and  the 
second  German  paper  in  the  Territor3^ 

The  Lennox  Weeldij  Star  was  established  with  George  L.  Conk- 
lin  as  editor,  during  the  present  year.  Mr.  Conklin  formerly  pub- 
lished a  paper  at  Watertown,  Dakota.  Conklin  &  Bayley  are  pro- 
prietors.    The  paper  is  a  five-column  quarto. 

The  first  car-load  of  grain  ever  shipped  over  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P. 
Road  from  Dakota,  was  shipped  from  Lennox.  The  car  itself  was 
beautifully  embellished  by  the  Company.  Lennox  is  the  second 
station  west  of  Canton,  in  the  western  part  of  the  County. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  November,  1879 — not  for  use 
as  a  school  building,  but  was  rented  by  the  District  for  that  pur- 
pose. It  was  situated  in  the  south  part  of  the  town,  and  was  after- 
wards purchased  by  Mr.  Treat,  who  moved  the  building  to  his  hotel, 
of  which  he  made  it  a  part.  Miss  Nona  Miller  was  the  first  teacher. 
The  present  school  building  was  erected  in  the  autumn  of  1880,  at 
an  expense  of  about  §2,000.  It  has  three  departments,  but  as  yet 
only  one  teacher  is  employed,  viz:  Mr  5.  i  .  P.  Ashley.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  first  Board  of  Education  were:  J.  E.  Davis,  H.  B.  Shel- 
don, Clerk;  Josiah  Sheldon,  Treasurer.  The  present  Board  consists 
of  the  following  gentlemen:  J.  N.  Macomber,  W.  B.  Wait,  Clerk; 
Josiah  Sheldon,  Treasurer. 

The  first  railroad  train  arrived  in  Lennox  July  22,  1879.  A  sur- 
vey for  a  road  to  Yankton  has  been  made  by  the  Company,  but  as 
yet  the  project  has  not  assumed  definite  proportions. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  the  autumn 
of  1879,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bachelder,  of  Yankton.  Services  were  first 
held  in  the  old  school  house.  A  church  was  erected  in  the  fall  of 
1880,  costing  81,000.  Other  denominations  have  been  freely  per- 
mittelto  use  this  building,  which  was  the  first  church  edifice  erect- 
ed in  Lennox.  Rev.  Mr.  Bachelder  was  succeeded  by  R3V.  Mr. 
Kent,  he  by  Rev.  Mr.  Miller,  who  is  the  present  pastor.     The  mem- 


184  HISTORY    OK   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

bership  is  about  fifteen.  The  first  officers  of  the  Society  were: — 
David  Little,  George  Hart,  W.  B.  Wait,  B.  Gillinore,  E.  Davis. 

The  Baptist  Society  have  no  regular  organization,  but  merely 
what  is  known  as  a  ''preaching  station,''  with  V.  B.  Conlin  as  a 
Missionary  of  the  Home  Missionary  Society.  They  have  an  organ- 
ization at  Lincoln  Center,  a  portion  of  the  inembers  of  which  re- 
side in  Lennox,  where  they  intendtoshortly  organize  a  church  and 
erect  a  suitable  edifice. 

St.  Augustine's  Church  was  organized  in  May,  1877,  by  Rev.  C. 
J.  Knauf,  of  Minnesota.  Meetings  were  first  held  at  the  residence 
of  M.  M.  Crow^ley,  where  they  continue  to  be  held,  until  the  com- 
pletion of  their  church  building  now  in  course  of  erection,  at  a 
cost  of  about  ^600.  The  membership  represents  about  forty  fam- 
ilies. The  officers  are:  T.  B.  Quigley,  T.  F.  Crowley,  P.  H.  Har- 
ley,  M.  M.  Cj-owley,  Treasurer.     R3V.  W.  M.  Maher  is  the  pastor. 

Silver  Star  Lodge  No.  7,  L  0.  G.  T.,  was  instituted  in  Septem- 
ber, 1881.  The  charter  was  granted  on  the  6th  of  that  month. 
Charter  members:  W.  B.  Wait,  E.  Gillmore,  0.  P.  Ashley,  E. 
Davis,  J.  F.  Ferguson,  George  Thickett,  H.  Little,  Ed.  Rodgers,  Mrs. 
Davis,  Mrs.  Treat,  Mrs.  Wait,  Miss  Little,  Mrs.  Brooks,  Mrs.  Geo. 
Hart,  and  others.  There  are  thirty  members,  and  the  member- 
ship is  increasing.  The  first  officers  were:  0.  P.  Ashley,  W.  C; 
Mr.  Hazlitt,  Sec;  E.  Gillmore,  F.  Sec:  Mrs.  E.  Davis,  Treasurer; 
Mrs.  Treat,  V.  C;  J.  F.  Ferguson,  M.:  George  Thickett,  C;  J.  N. 
North,  P.  C;  Mrs.  E.  Gilmore.  I.  G.;  Mrs.  E.  Davis.  0.  G. 

OFFTCIAI,  DIKECTOKY. 

Chairman — J.  V.  Conklin. 

Siqjervisors — 0.  P.  Ashley,  Martin  Holtfr. 

Clerk— F.  F.  Haas. 

Treasurer— W.  B.  Wait. 

Assessor — John  Isackson. 

Justices — G.  W.  Palmar,  David  Little. 

BUSINESS  DIKECTOKY. 

Attonu'j/ — P.  F.  Haas. 

Agricultural  huplements — A.  A.  Freeman. 

Banks — Dakota  Loan  and  Trust  Company. 

Blacksmiths— R.  J.  Little,  D.  T.  Debelts. 

Carpenters — L  M.  Macomber,  Louis  Biitzn-. 

Confectioner — 13.  Gilhnore. 

Coal  Dealer— W.  B.  Wait. 

Drue/gist — I.  M.  Macomber. 

Furniture — Loui.s  Butzer. 

Flour  and  Fecfl—W.  B.  Wait. 


TURNER   COUNTY.  185 


GeneralMeychaiits—Yriink'H..  Treat, 'N.  Smith  &  Brother,   Coiiklin  &   Car- 
penter. 

Grain  Dealers— k.  A.  Greenman,  S.  M.  Durantl. 

Hardware — D.  S.  (Jiiiiiter,  A.  Boynton. 

Harness — 0.  P.  Ashley. 

Hotels — Merchants  House. 

Insurance — J.  V.  Conklin. 

Lireri/—J.  N.  Munsil. 

Lumber  JJealers — J.  F.  rer2:uson  &  Co. 

Mi  I  tin  ei  7/ — Mrs .  Her  zoy . 

Meat  Marhet — Thomas  B.  Quigiey. 

Xeirspapers — Lincohi  County  Independent,  Lennox  Weekly  Star. 

Phi/sicians — William  H.  Rcu.se. 

Saloons — M.  A.  Fihon. 

Shoeinal'er — Geortre  Thickett. 


TURNER  COUNTY. 

This  fertile  county  was  organized  by  the  Legislative  Assembly 
in  1870.  The  iirst  election  was  held  in  1869,  there  being  only 
iive  votes  cast,  a  cigar-box  being  used  as  the  ''palladium  of  liberty." 
The  "total"  vote  of  the  county  for  Delegate  to  Congress,  Avas  as 
follows:  Dr.  Burleigh,  2  votes;  M.  K.  Armstrong,  2  votes;  S.  L. 
Spink,  1  vote.  The  general  surface  of  the  land  is  undulating,  but 
not  abruptly  so.  The  soil  generally  is  a  rich  black  loam,  except  at 
Parker,  where  its  elements  are  gravelly. 

The  first  settlement  of  Turner  County  was  in  1869,  by  W.  W  . 
Aurner  and  family,  and  Vale  P.  Thielman.  Miss  Helen  S.  Bach- 
elder  was  the  first  white  woman  to  settle  in  the  county.  Lois  J. 
S.  Scott,  born  in  May,  1871,  was  the  first  white  child  born  in  the 
county.  The  first  marriage  was  that  of  William  Robinson  and 
Mrs.  Hammond,  which  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1871. 

The  following  were  the  first  County  Officers:  ('ounty  Commis- 
sioners— Vale  P.  Thielman,  W.  W.  Aurner,  Louis  Eliot.  Register 
of  Deeds — Charles  Scott.  At  this  time  there  were  not  enough 
people  to  fill  the  offices;  so  officers  were  appointed  as  fast  as  the 
settlers  came  in.  Vale  P.  Thielman  at  first  acted  as  Chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Commissioners,  Register  of  Deeds,  County  Clerk, 
(younty  Surveyor  and  Deputy  Treasurer,  in  which  capacities  he 
acted  until  others  were  appointed.  Mr.  Thielman  states  that,  even 
then,  with  all  these  duties  to  perform,  he  could  he  absent  from  his 
post  Avithout  occasioning  any  inconvenience  with  regard  to  the 
machinery  of  his  varied  offices. 


c> 


186  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

The  first  postoffice  in  the  county  was  established  at  Swan  Lake 
in  186!),  before  there  was  any  perceptible  settlement.  Miss  Helen 
S.  Bachelder  was  the  Postmistress,  receiving  her  appointment  at 
Yankton.  The  first  store  was  established  in  1872  at  Swan  Lake, 
by  T.  J.  Hill. 

The  present  County  Officers  are:  Commissioners — Thomas 
Elce,  Jr.,  Christian  Epple,  Charles  Flowers.  Sheriff — Daniel  Dyer, 
Jr.  Register  of  Deeds  and  County  Clerk — C.  M.  Pier.  Treasurer 
— J.  B.  Beebe.  Clerk  of  the  Court — Yale  P.  Thielman.  Judge  of 
Probate— Joseph  Allen.     Superintendent  of  Schools — H.  F.  Roupp. 

The  first  religious  society  organized  in  Turner  County  was  at 
Swan  Lake,  where  an  Episcopal  Church  was  built  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Hoyt  in  1871. 

The  various  towns  in  the  county  are:  Parker,  situated  a  little 
north  of  the  center  of  the  county,  with  a  population  of  300;  Ma- 
rion Junction,  in  the  northwestern  corner  of  the  county,  with  a 
populaaion  of  200;  Swan  Lake,  east  of  the  center  of  the  county, 
with  a  population  of  about  50;  Turner,  six  miles  east,  Centerville, 
ten  miles  east,  and  Daneville,  six  miles  south,  of  Swan  Lake. 


PARKER. 

The  first  settlers  in  Parker  were:  George  W.  Howard,  J.  M. 
Simerson,  W.  W.  Robbins,  C.  G.  Pratt,  M.  T.  Howard,  L.  Gilbert, 
S.  Hayward  and  Son,  H.  H.  Schafer,  and  others.  The  town  Avas 
platted  by  Kimball  and  Sanborn  in  1879,  and  is  not  yet  incorpo- 
rated. It  is  located  on  section  17,  town  99,  range  53.  Just  east 
and  south  of  the  village  is  a  slight  elevation,  rising  to  the  height 
of  about  twenty  feet.  The  west  branch  of  the  Yermillion  liiver 
runs  about  eighty  rods  west  of  the  village,  thus  affording  excellent 
drainage.  From  the  bluffs  on  the  river  banks  the  "iron  horse"  can 
be  seen  for  a  distance  of  fifteen  miles.  In  all  respects  Parker  is 
most  eligibly  located. 

The  C,  M.  &  St.  P.  Railroad  was  completed  to  Parker  in  July, 
1879. 

In  1876^  a  newspaper  was  started  at  Swan  Lake  by  H.  B.  Chaffee, 
under  the  name  of  the  Swan  Lake  Era.  Its  publication  was  con- 
tinued about  twenty  months.  It  was  subserpu^utly  revived  by  W. 
H.  Gardner,  who  conducted  it  as  the  Siran  Lake  Press  for  a  period 
of  seven  months,  when  it  was  purchased  by  (I  F.  Hackett,  and  the 
name  again  clumged  to  the  New  Era.       In   1879,   Mr.   Hackett 


PARKER.  187 


moved  his  effects  to  Parker,  where  he  is  now  located,  and  where 
the  paper  is  published  as  the  Parker  New  Era.  It  is  the  official 
and  only  newspaper  printed  in  Turner  County;  is  independent  iu 
politics,  and  is  a  five-column  quarto.     Its  circulation  is  about  500. 

The  contest  to  decide  the  question  of  the  location  of  the  County 
Seat  at  Parker,  instead  of  Swan  Lake — its  present  location — is  at 
this  wndting — autumn  of  18S1 — being  vigorously  waged,  the  mat- 
ter to  be  decided  by  vote  of  the  citizens  at  the  November  ejection. 
Quite  a  number  of  substantial  business  houses  and  residences  are 
being  built  in  Parker  the  present  season.  There  is  a  gravel  sub- 
soil, where  the  town  is  located,  and  the  water  is  abundant  and  of 
the  purest  quality. 

The  first  hotel  at  Parker  was  started  by  Orange  Hill,  in  August, 
1879;  the  first  store — hardware — by  G.  W.  Howard  in  the  same 
year;  Gale  &  Stone's  bank  in  1880.  The  first  death  to  occur  was 
that  of  Mrs.  C.  Weber,  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year. 

The  postoffice  was  established  in  September,  1879,  with  C.  K 
Hollenback,  the  present  incumbent,  as  Postmaster. 

The  school  house  was  completed  in  December,  ]879,  at  a  cost  of 
'f  2,000.  The  schools  are  graded,  and  contain  two  departments. 
The  first  teacher  was  L.  N.  Alberty,  who  was  also  County  Super- 
intendent. The  present  teachers  are  Prof.  Mumford  and  Miss 
Clisby. 

The  first  church  building  was  erected  by  the  Presbyterians,  in 
ISB),  afc  a  C3  5t  of  $")"}).  This  Society  was  organized  by  Rev.  J.  B. 
Currens,  in  the  spring  of  the  latter  year,  the  first  sermon  having 
been  preached  by  J.  B.  Currens  in  October,  1869.  The  member- 
ship is  about  thirty.  The  use  of  the  building  has  been  frequently 
granted  to  the  Methodists,  Episcopalians  and  Baptists.  The  build- 
ing was  dedicated  November  18,  1880,  the  dedicatory  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  J.  B,  Pomeroy,  of  Iowa. 

The  first  Sunday  School  was  organized  by  the  Baptist  Society  in 
October,  1879,  with  H.  0.  Newby  as  Superintendent. 

The  Baptist  Society  was  organized  in  the  autumn  of  1880,  by 
by  the  resident  minister.  A  building  is  being  erected  at  a  cost  of 
^1,500.  The  membership  is  fifty.  Services  are  for  the  present 
held,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  school  house. 

The  Episcopalians  have  organized  a  mission  at  Parker,  with  Rev. 
M.  Robinson  as  the  Rector.  Services  are  held  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 


188  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERX    DAKOTA. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  August,  1881. 
Rev.  L.  W.  Miller  is  the  pastor.  A  building  is  being  erected,  to 
cost  $1,500. 

The  Seventh  Day  Advents  were  organized  in  the  sununer  of 
1880,  with  W,  T.  Henton  as  pastor.  Their  membership  is  thirteen, 
and  services  are  held  in  the  school  house. 

Parker  Lodge  No.  2,  A.  0.  U.  W.,  was  instituted  in  December, 
1880,  by  W.  H.  Buford.  A  charter  was  granted  early  in  1881. 
Charter  members:  William  Morton,  G.  Gilbert.  G.  W.  Stone, 
Vale  P.  Thielman,  W.  S.  Branch,  C.  Weber,  J.  V.  McRaith.  A.  L. 
Peterman,  J.  S.  Parson,  E.  H.  Stone,  R.  E.  Buchanan,  and  others. 
The  membership  is  twent3^-five.  Present  officers:  C.  D.  Cone, 
M.  W.;  William  Morton,  P.  W.;  G.  Gilbert,  Recorder;  W.  S. 
Branch,  R.  The  first  officers  were:  Wm.  Morton,  M.  W.;  V.  P. 
Thielman,  P.  W.;  G.  Gilbert,  R.;  J.  Y.  McRaith,  F.;  W.  S. 
Branch,  R. 

The  Parker  Flouring  Mill  was  built  in  1881,  by  L.  Clisby,  of 
Wis.  It  has  five  run  of  stone,  and  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $12,000. 
Its  capacity  is  about  100  barrels.  This  mill  has  all  the  modern 
improvements  for  making  the  patent  flour.  It  is  a  frame  structure, 
stone  basement. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTOKY. 

Attornei/s — C.  D.  Cone,  James  A.  Hand,  Vale  P.  Thielman. 

Agricultural  Implements. — Robbins  &  Pratt,  S.  A.  Henton,  Orange  Still,  J. 
H.  Shurtleff. 

Bank — Gale  k  Stone. 
'    Barber. — George  Hatch. 

lilacl-smiths. — Smith  &  Hudsmith,  Clans  Weber. 

liottJiny  Worhft — Wm.  H.  Heselton. 

J)ruf/f/i.9ts.—W.  S.  Branch  ^-  Co.,  J.  E.  Kondull. 

Furniture. — H.  H.  Vernon. 

Flour  and  Feed.— E.  C.  PfeifFer. 

General  Merchant-^!. — H.  H.  Schatbr,  Gustav  Gilbert.  E.  AV.  Crocker.  Renben 
Wales. 

Grain  Dealers — Bossett  &  Huntting. 

Hardtvare— George  W.  Howard,  M.  T.  Howard.  R.  Wales,  Roblnns  iV:  Pratt. 

Harness — S.  Hay  ward  &  Son. 

Hotels.— Weniworih  Honse,  Still's  Hotel. 

Insurance. — Vale  P.  Thielman. 

Jeweler. — Milo  Eatinger. 

lAveri/. — Wm.  Sheldon,  Fay  k  Spec?. 
■  Lumber. — Robins  <fc  Pratt,  St.  Croi.K  Lnmlx'r  Company. 

Millineri/ — Mrs.  A.Ludden,  Mrs.  L.  Gilbert. 

Meat  Market.— Shmtton'k  Hibbert. 


MARION   JUNCTION".  189 


Newspaper. — Parker  New  Era,  C.  F.  Hackett,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Physicians — A.  L.  Peterraan,  A.  B.  Saga. 

Photographer. — G.  L.  Spooner. 

Real  Estate — Vale  P.  Thielman. 

Saloon — Wm.  H.  Heseltoii. 

Stock  Dealers— R.  S.  Marsh  &  Co. 

Wagon  Making — George  S.  Rathbun. 


MARION  JUNCTION. 

The  village  of  Marion  Junction  was  organized  during  the  month 
of  September,  1881,  Marion  Junction  was  platted  by  the  survey- 
ors of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P.  Railroad  Co.,  in.  1879,  and  was  named  in 
honor  of  the  daughte  of  S.  S.  Merrill,  of  Milwaukee.  Among 
the  first  settlers  were:  John  Ryan,  H.  Fritz,  Jacob  Frantz,  John 
McNamee,  who  came  in  1879.  George  L.  McKay  and  C.  H.  Flow- 
ers came  shortly  afterwards.  The  town  was  incorporated  in  the 
autumn  of  1881. 

The  Marion  Gazette  was  established  by  M.  A.  Fuller  in  1879, 
and  existed  about  a  year.  The  printing  material  is  still  in  Marion 
Junction,  and  it  is  expected  to  have  the  paper  revived  shortly. 
The  circulation  of  the  Gazette  was  about  three  hundred. 

The  C,  M.  &  St,  P,  Railroad  was  built  to  Marion  Junction  in 
1879,  the  first  train  arriving  two  days  after  it  had  reached  Parker, 
A  flouring  mill  is  expected  to  be  erected  here  during  the  coming 
year. 

The  Village  is  beautifully  located,  thirty-fivB  miles  from  the  east 
line  of  the  Territory,  and  contains  about  fifty  business  houses, 
hotels,  warehouses,  &c.  The  surrounding  country  is  being  rapidly 
settled. 

The  first  town  officers  were:  Trustees — Jacob  Hieb,  Fred. 
Roeber,  Joseph  Bingenheimer.  Clerk — Th.  Schriber.  Treasurer 
— E.  Reifi".  Justice  of  the  Peace — James  Christian.  The  location 
of  the  village  is  on  the  northwest  (piarter  of  section  5.  town  99, 
range  54. 

The  school  house  was  built  in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000.  It  has 
two  departments.  M.  L.  Kanable  was  the  first  teacher.  The 
present  teacher  is  Miss  Felmly. 

The  Catholic  Church  of  Marion  Junction  was  organized  by  Rev. 
Father  Mc(Jarty,  of  Mitchell,  in  1880.  The  first  services  were  held 
at  the  Central  House.     In  the  same  year  a  church  building  was 


190  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

erected,  30  by  60  feet  in  dimensions,  and  costing  $800.  The  Soci- 
et}'^  has  about  150  communicants. 

The  German  Lutheran  Society  have  no  regular  organization,  but 
hold  services  in  the  school  house.  The)'-  contemplate  building 
soon.  These  remarks  equally  apply  to  the  Presbyterian  and  Uni- 
ted Brethi-en  Societies. 

The  first  store  was  started  by  John  Ryan;  the  first  hotel,  by  H. 
Pool;  John  McNamee  was  the  first  Postmaster. 

Anniversary  Lodge  No.  22,  L  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  April  22, 
1880.  Meetings  are  held  in  the  school  house.  Charter  members: 
Lawis  Sawady,  M.  L.  Kanable,  J.  M.  Koeber,  Jacob  Frantz,  M.  A. 
Fuller,  J.  C.  Loss,  and  others.  The  first  officers  were:  M.  L.  Ken- 
able,  N.  G.;  Fred.  Roeber,  Y.  G.;  M.  A.  Fuller,  Secretary;  J.  M. 
Roebei'.  Treasurer.  Present  officers:  L.  Sawaday,  N.  G.;  R.  C, 
Tousley,  V.  G.;  Frank  Cotton,  Secretary;  J,  M,  Roeber,  Treasurer. 
The  membership  is  nearly  forty,  and  the  Lodge  is  in  excellent 
working  condition. 

OFFICrAL    DIliKCTOKY. 

President — Jacob  Hieb. 

Trustees — Fred.  Roeber,  Joseph  Bingenheimer. 

Clerk— T.  H.  Schriber. 

Treasurer — E.  Reiif. 

Marshal — E.  Bertleseii. 

Just  ice — James  Christian. 

BUSINESS    niHKCTOHY. 

Attornei) — G.  L.  McKay. 
,  Boots  and  Shoes — Chiistnia  Beuchler.  Henry  Roeber,  Louis  Schafer. 

Banl- — Marion  Loan  and  Savings  Bank,  l)y  Reitt'and  Nagle. 

Druffi/ists—Ueif^  and  Nagle. 

Drayage — John  Murray. 

Furniture — Th .  Schriber. 

General  Merchants — John  Ryan,  John  Montgomery,  Jacob  Hieb  and  Com- 
pany, Th.  Schriber,  L.  George. 

Grain  Z)mZer.s— Bassett  and  Huntting,  C.  H.  Flowers  and  Company. 

Hotels — Marion  House,  Central  House,  Summit  House. 

Hardware— F .  Roeber,  Reiff"  and  Nagle. 

Harness— i:.  C.  Winn. 

Lireri/ — Mr.  Dimmick . 

fvUinher — C.  H.  Flowers  and  Company,  J.  H.  Sbananl. 

Meat  Market — Joseph  Bingenheimer. 

Phj/sicians — W.  W.  Nutting,  Dr.  Sifert. 

Saloons — Christina  Hcuchlcr,  Charley  Trving.  Gus.  Trotiiow. 


ELK    POINT.  191 


ELK  POINT. 

The  original  name  of  the  county  of  which  the  prosperous  town 
of  Elk  Point  is  the  County  seat,  was  Cole,  under  which  name  it, 
in  connection  with  a  number  of  other  counties,  was  organized  at 
the  first  session  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  For  reasons  which 
were  deemed  good  and  sufficient,  the  name  of  Cole  was  subsequent- 
ly dropped,  and  the  county  was  named  Union. 

On  the  morning  of  July  22.1,1859,  not  a  settlers  cabin  was  to  be 
seen  from  the  Big  Sioux  River  to  Green.  Point,  now  known  as  Bur- 
bank,  in  Clay  County.  On  that  day  Eli  B.  Wixon  took  his  claim 
at  Elk  Point,  and  began  the  erection  of  a  log  building,  12x16  feet, 
one  story,  with  earth  for  floor  and  roof.  In  August  follov^^ing,  Mr. 
Wixon  moved  into  this  house  and  opened  to  the  public  a  hotel  and 
grocery  store.  Settlements  began  to  be  made  about  Elk  Point,  and 
Mr.  W.'s  house  was  well  patronized.  The  following  winter,  seven- 
ty-five Santee  Indians  camped  at  Elk  Point  for  the  purpose  of 
hunting.  With  these  Indians  Mr.  Wixon's  trade  was  good.  In 
the  spring  of  1860,  several  families  located  near  Elk  Point,  and 
the  settlement  began  to  prosper. 

During  this  year  Mr.  Wixon  built  the  Elk  Point  House  upon 
the  townsite,  where  he  continued  m  the  hotel  and  mercantile  busi- 
ness, and  also  cultivated  sixty  acres  on  his  claim.  In  the  winter 
of  1860,  Joseph  LaBarge  lived  in  the  hotel,  Mrs.  LaBarge  being 
the  first  white  woman  resident  upon  the  townsite.  The  same  year, 
W.  W.  Adams  build  the  old  A.dams  House. 

In  the  summer  of  1861,  the  townsite  was  surveyed,  and  by  act 
of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  it  was  incorporated  April  2-lth,  1862. 

The  first  officers  were:  Council — John  R.  Wood,  President; 
Myron  Sheldon,  William  W.  Adauis,  Preston  M.  Hotchkiss.  Re- 
corder— E.  B.  Wixon. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1861,  and  the  first  school  was 
taught  by  Hon.  N.  J.  Wallace,  afterwards  Receiver  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  at  Vermillion.  The  first  sermon  was  preached 
in  Elk  Point  by  Rev.  C.  D.  Martin  in  the  winter  of  1860;  the  first 
lecture  v,^as  delivered  by  Hon.  J.  P.  Kidder. 

In  the  autumn  of  1862.  great  excitement  was  occasioned  by  the 
Indian  depredations  at  Sioux  Falls,  and  a  military  company  was 
organized  at  Elk  Point,  Mr.  Wixon's  hotel  being  turned  into  a 
block  house,  or  barracks.     In  the  spring  of  1863,  the  company  was 


192  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 


mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  under   Gen.  Sully, 
as  Company  B,  First  Dakota  Cavalry. 

The  first  postoifico  was  established  in  1860,  with  E.  B.  ^Vixon  as 
Postmaster,  which  position  he  held  until  1803,  when  A.  L.  Ed- 
<vards  succeeded  him  as  Postmaster.  In  1860  the  mail  was  carried 
once  a  week  by  a  four-mule  team,  from  Sioux  City  to  Fort  Ran- 
dall. 

The  first  regular  store  was  opened  in  Elk  Point  by  Fairchild  & 
Green,  in  1865;  the  next  store,  in  1866,  by  J,  W.  Vandevere. 

The  County  Seat  of  Union  County  was  located,  by  vote  of  the 
people,  at  Elk  Point  in  1865.  The  first  term  of  court  was  held  in 
the  old  log  school  house,  Hon.  J.  P.  Kidder  presiding.  In  18()5-6, 
a  large  and  well  arranged  Court  House  was  built  by  the  citi- 
zens of  Elk  Point,  and  donated  to  the  county.  J.  A.  Wallace, 
Esq.,  was  the  first  attorney  to  locate  at  Elk  Point. 

The  first  birth  was  a  son,  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  LaBarge,  in  the  spring 
of  1861 ;  the  first  death,  William  Wallace  Tripp,  February  19th, 
1863. 

The  town  was  located  on  section  19,  town  91,  range  49,  and  sec- 
tion 21,  town  91,  range  50.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  January 
10th,  1873,  its  first  ofiicers,  under  this  incorporation,  being:  Mayor 
— H.  H.  Blair.  Couucilmen— E.  B.  Wixon,  J.  M.  Talcott.  Clerk 
McKinzey  Kane.  Treasurer — J.  W.  Hoffman.  Justice — J.  A. 
AVallace.    Marshal — A.  H.  Stringer. 

The  first  regular  Baptist  Church  of  Elk  Point  was  organized 
March  11th,  1871,  by  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Freeman,  General  Missionary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society,  with  eleven 
members;  and  on  the  following  day  four  were  added  by  baptism. 

The  General  Missionary  supplied  this  Church  until  the  following 
October,  when  J.  H.  Young,  Esq.,  of  Dixon  County,  Neb.,  was 
called  to  the  charge  of  the  Society,  and  in  January,  1872,  was  or- 
dained. The  following  July,  he  was  called  to  the  charge  of  the 
Yankton  Baptist  Church.  August  1st,  1872,  Rev.  T.  H.  Judson, 
of  Floyd  County,  Iowa,  took  charge  of  the  Society  for  one  year. 
Ilev.  J.  P.  Coffman,  of  Iowa,  was  called  to  succeed  this  pastorate, 
and  continued  his  services  until  December  1st,  1876.  During  one 
year,  this  Society  had  no  regular  pastor.  In  November,  1877,  Rev, 
Geo.  W.  Freeman  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  is  still  acting  in 
that  capacity.  The  Society  has  reached  a  membership  of  more  than 
seventy.     Many  members  have  removed  farther  west  and  to  other 


ELK    POINT.  193 


sections  of  the  country.  The  present  membership  is  forty-six. 
The  church  edifice  was  built  in  the  spring  of  1873.  Rev.  Geo.  W. 
Freeman  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon,  assisted  by  Rev.  T.  H. 
Judson.     The  cost  of  the  structure  and  grounds  was  ^1,200. 

The  United  Brethren  Society  was  organized  in  the  hitter  part 
of  1870,  by  J.  E.  Hott,  a  missionary,  ssnt  from  Ohio.  A.  Potter 
and  John  Morris,  assisting.  Their  church  edifice  is  tlie  hxrgest  in 
the  town.  It  was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  ^3,000,  and  was  not  ded- 
icated until  October  11th,  1879.  The  dedicatory  sermon  was 
preached  by  Bishop  M.  Wright,  of  Richmond,  Ind.  Rev.  Mr.  Hott 
was  succeeded  by  the  following  clergymen  in  the  order  named: 
Revs.  J.  D.  Snyder,  J.  H.  McVey,  S.  J.  More,  D.  T.  Hutchinson, 
D.  0.  Darling.     The  present  memljership  is  twenty-four. 

St.  Andrews  Episcopal  Society  was  established  as  a  mission  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Hoyt,  Dean  of  Dakota.  This  mission  was  continued  by  the 
services  of  Rev.  W.  W.  Fowler,  now  of  the  Santee  Agency.  Rev. 
W.  P.  Huntington  succeeded  and  was  followed  by  Elder  Himes,  the 
present  pastor  in  charge.  A  church  edifice  was  built  at  Elk  Point 
by  this  Society,  in  1868,  largely  by  contributions  from  New  York 
and  Philadelphia,  at  a  cost  of  about -^1,000.  Its  seating  capacity  is 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons.  The  Congregationalists  also 
worshiped  in  this  building  for  a  time.  DuringElder  Himes' pas- 
torate, he  has  taken  great  pride  in  making  improvements,  and  has 
now.the  best  furnished  church  building  in  the  town.  The  member- 
ship is  twenty-five,  and  the  attendance  at  Sabbath  School,  of  which 
Elder  Himes  is  the  Superintendent,  is  about  seventy. 

The  Congregational  Society  was  organized  by  Rev.  Mr.  Shelton, 
General  Missionary  for  Dakota,  in  1872.  This  organization  was 
placed  under  the  supervision  of  James  Oakey.  They  used,  for  a 
time,  the  Episcopal  Church  building,  which  afterwards  became  the 
United  Brethren  Church.  During  the  pastorate  of  Mr.  Oakey,  the 
Society  had  a  membership  of  twenty. 

St.  Joseph's  Catholic  Church  was  organized  in  1879.  The  church 
building  Avas  erected  in  1880-81,  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,000.  which 
was  contributed  largely  by  the  Catholics  themselves.  The  build- 
ing is  72  by  35  feet  in  dimensions.  Rev.  John  Brogan  was  the 
first  regular  pastor  appointed.  xA.bout  forty  families  are  represent- 
ed in  the  membership. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1865,  by  El- 
der Kane.     This    Society  held   its    meetings   at    Brule  Creek,  but 


10  i  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

afterwards  removed  to  Elk  Point.  They  have  a  church  building, 
which  was  erected  at  a  cost  o£  about  $1,000,  in  1870.  The  first 
services  were  held  in  the  Court  House  and  in  the  old  school  house. 
The  dedicatory  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  B.  Mitchell  in  1870. 

After  the  destruction  by  fire  of  the  old  school  house,  in  the 
winter  of  1872,  school  was  taught  in  the  U.  B.  Church  and  in  the 
Talcott  building,  near  John  R.  Wood's  livery  stable,  until  the 
erection  of  the  present  school  house.  The  present  structure  was 
erected  in  the  autumn  of  1877,  and  cost  about  §1,000.  It  is  a 
graded  school,  of  four  departments.  The  first  teachers  were:  Ed. 
Cumraings,  Principal;  0.  S.  Bryan,  Grammar;  Abbie  Laird,  Prim- 
ary, The  Board  of  Education  at  this  time  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen:  F.  W.  Smythe,  J.  A.  Wallace,  H.  H.  Blair.  Pres- 
ent corps  of  teachers:  Prof.  C.  A.  Kibliug,  Principal;  Miss 
Maggie  Jackson  Butcher,  D.  W.  Myers,  Mrs,  Emma  P.  Myers. 

Elk  Point  Lodge  No.  4,  I.  0.  0.  F.:  Charter  granted  December 
30th,  1872.  Meetings  were  first  held  in  a  hall  over  Blair's  drug 
store.  Charter  members:  J.  A.  Wallace,  J.  Griffin  Conley, 
Alexander  Hughes,  E.  W.  Miller,  J.  G.  Hughes,  G,  W. 
Roberts.  The  Lodge  now  meets  in  Odd  Fellows  Hall, 
over  the  store-room  of  C.  W,  Beggs,  The  mjmber-ship 
is  about  thirty.  First  officers  elected:  E,  W,  Miller,  N,  G.; 
J.  G.  Conley,  V.  G.;  J.  A.  Wallace,  Secretary;  A.  Hughes,  Treas- 
urer. Present  officers:  F.  M.  Budde,  N.  G.;  A,  Ronne,  V,  G.;  E. 
W.  Miller,  Secretary;  A.  Stroble,  Treasurer. 

Hesperian  Encampment  No.  3,  ].  0.  0.  F.:  Charter  granted 
June  18th,  1875.  Instituted  July  oth,  of  the  same  year.  Charter 
members:  J.  A.  Wallace,  C.  F.  Mallahan,  W.  E.  Gantt,  A.  E. 
Ronne,  E.  W.  Miller,  P.  W.  McManus,  W.  E.  Caton,  Alexander 
Hughes,  W.  J.  Conle3^  First  officers:  W,  J.  Conley,  C,  P.;  W. 
E.  Caton,  H.  P.;  J.  A.  Wallace,  S.  W,;  E,  W,  Miller,  J.  W,;  C.  F. 
Mallahan,  Scribe;  P,  W,  McManus,  Treasurer.  Present  officers: 
A.  E.  Ronne,  C.  P.;  J.  A.  Wallace,  H.  P.;  F.  M.  Budde,  S.  W.;  E. 
W.Miller,  J.  AV.;  S.  W.  Kent,  Scribe;  C.  F.  Mallahan,  Treasurer. 
The  Encampment  has  twelve  members. 

Elk  Point  Lodge  No.  3,  'A.  F.  &  A.  M.:  Charter  granted,  unc!er 
the  Iowa  Jurisdiction,  June  7th,  1871,  the  number  of  the  Lodge 
then  being  288.  The  Lodge  was  re-chartered  by  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Dakota,  July  21st,  1875,  and  re-numbered  as  above.  Charter 
members:     H.  H.  Blair,  Elias  Hyde,  E,  H,  Webb,  J,   A,  Wallace, 


ELK   POINT.  195 


E.  B.  Wixou,  Preston  Hotchkiss,  P.  E.  Wagnard,  C.  W.  Beggs. 
Present  officers:  A.  0.  Ringsrud,  W.  M.;  H.  J.  Mulis,  S.  W.;  W. 
M.  Vinson,  J.  W.;  A.  E.  Ronne,  Secretary.  Meetings  were  first 
held  in  Masonic  Hall,  over  Dr.  Smith's  drug  store.  The  Lodge 
now  meets  in  the  hall  over  C.  W.  Beggs'  store. 

Elk  Point  Lodge  No.  6,  L  0.  G.  T.:  Charter  granted  in  Au- 
gust, 1881.  Meetings  were  first  held  in  the  Episcopal  Church. 
First  officers:  E.  G.Mathews,  W.  C;  Miss  Mary  Wood,  V.  C; 
Hans  Murphy,  Treasurer;  E.  C.  Ericson,  Secretary;  Rev.  George 
Ford,  P.  W.  C.  The  Lodge  adjourned  temporarily  with  eighteen 
members,  until  a  permanent  place  of  meeting  is  secured. 

The  Centennial  Cornet  Band,  consisting  of  fifteen  members, 
was  organized  by  Millard  Zeigler.  J.  Coverdale  is  President,  J.  H. 
Bryan,  Secretary,  and  W.  M.  Vinson,  Treasurer  of  the  organi- 
zation. 

The  first  newspaper  printed  in  Elk  Point  was  the  Elk  Point 
Leader,  published  by  F.  0.  Wisner,  its  first  issue  being  of  date, 
March  17th,  1870.  The  establishment  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
April,  1871.  November  24th,  1871,  L.  B.  Redpath  started  a  pa- 
per called  the  Vnion  Countij  Courier.,  which  he  ran  but  two  weeks, 
when  he  sold  it  to  the  Courier  Publishing  Company,  composed  of 
H.  H.  Blair,  J.  M.  Talcott  and  C.  M.  Northup.  June  19th,  1872, 
C.  E.  Mallahan  purchased  the  paper,  of  which  he  has  ever  since 
continued  to  be  the  efficient  editor  and  proprietor.  The  paper  is 
an  eight-column  quarto,  is  the  only  newspaper  published  in  the 
county,  and  is  in  every  respect  a  publication  which  reflects  credit 
both  upon  its  editor  and  the  intelligent  and  prosperous  community 
from  which  it  derives  its  support. 

In  October,  1872,  the  Dakota  Southern  Railroad  was  completed 
to  Elk  Point.  The  business  establishments  of  the  town  are  ex- 
tensive and  well  conducted,  the  class  of  business  men,  as  a  rule, 
being  of  that  character  which  is  calculated  to  best  promote  the  in- 
terests of  a  progressive  community.  The  population  of  Elk  Point 
may  be  set  down  at  from  seven  hundred  to  eight  hundred. 

OFFICIAL  DIRECTORY. 
Mayor— M.  W.  Sheafe. 

Councilmen — Hans  Murphy,  Michael  Hoffman,  J.  M.  Talcott. 
Treasurer — J.  E.  Blair. 
Clerk—Wash.  D.  Percival. 
Marshal — Alson  Bovee. 
Justice — F.  W.  Smvthe. 


196  IIISTOKY    OF    SorTHKA^TEUX    DAKOTA 


BUSINESS  DIRECTOKY. 

Atfonieijs—.h   A.   Wallace*.  E.  W.  Miller,    CharU's    H.    Wahvcrth.   George 
Stickney. 

Afp-icultural  Implements— Mkhae\  Holi'iiuni.  Hans  Mvnpliy. 

Black-t<iiiithing--J.  Coverdale,J.  H.  Bryan. 

Barber — John  Steckman. 

Broom  Factorij—k.  D.  Weed. 

Boarding  —io»e\>\\  Steckman,  Almon  Gore. 

Carpenters  a))(l  Builders— T\-\om'A,^^\^\\i^o\\,  Ed.  Quick,  J.  M.  Talcott,  J.  R. 
Kent,  E.  E.  Morris,  Piatt  A^ail. 

Druggists— E.  C.  DeWitt,  H.  H.  Blair. 

Flour  and  Feed— S.  Crumrine,  Henry  Fleminy. 

Furniture — Benjamin  Briggs. 

General  Merchandise— George  Ford,  E.  Rowe  &  Son,  C.  W.  Beggs,  Freeman 
Bros. 

<7ro(7'rs— Flannery  &  Vassar,  M.  B.  Gorham,  F.  M.  Budde.  J.  B.  Brnbacher, 
John  Mounsey,  Almon  Gore,  A.  E.  Eddy. 

Grain  Dealers— Yveeman  Bros.,  C.  W.  Beggs. 

Harness  Makers— H.  W.  Kent,  F.  W.  Smythe. 

ifarf7(<-'are— Michael  Hoffman,  E.  Rowe  &  Son. 

Hotels — Merchants  House,  Elk  Point  House. 

Jewelers— k.  L.  Dawson,  G.  B.  Steckman. 

Livery— ioh.n  B.  Wood,  Uriah  Wood,  E.  L.  Pettis. 

Lumber  Dealer — S.  B.  Stough. 

Meat  Markets— F.  Strobel,  Warren  Fisk,  Henry  Fleming. 

Mill—^l.  W.  Sheafe,  Proprietor. 

3rillinery—E\\ii  Wagner,  Laird  A:  Rich,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Havens. 

Neirsjmper—JJnion  County  Courier,  C.  F.  Mallahan,  Editor  and  Pioprietor. 

Photographer — George  B.  Steckman. 

P%s)V/flns— J.  Griffiin  Conley,  G.  W.    Havens,  W.  J.  Conley,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
G.  P.  Bennett. 

Real  Estate— J.  A.  Wallace,  Walworth  &  Percival. 

Restaurants — M.  B.  Gorham,  F.  W.  Budde,  Almon  Gore,   A.  E.  Eddy,  Jo- 
seph Steckman. 

Railroad  Agent Smith. 


BON  HOMME  COUNTY. 

The  first  settlers  who  located  in  Bon  Homme  County  were: 
George  T.,  Cordelia  A.,  and  Francis  Bounds,  Thomas  J.  Tate  and 
a  Mr.  Shober,  who  came  from  Minnesota,  and  settled  where  the 
townsite  of  Bon  Homme  now  is,  about  twenty-two  years  ago. 
Among  the  settlers  who  followed  wore:  Dr.  W.  A.  Burleigh  and 
family,  Judge  J.  W.  Boyle  and  family,  Hugh  Fraley  and  family, 
Mrs.  B.  Cogan  and  son,  A.  J.  D.  P.  Bradford  and  family. 


BON    HOMME.  191 


Bon  Homme  County  was  organized  in  1867,  Among  the  first 
officers  were:  Frank  Donnelly,  Richard  Johnson,  W.  W.  War- 
ford,  Nathan  McDaniels,  and  others,  now  residents  of  this  county. 
The  present  County  Officers  are:  Commissioners — John  Stafford, 
W,  W.  Bennedict,  William  Muller.  Clerk  and  Register — Peter 
Byrne.  Clerk  of  Court— C.  T.  McCoy,  Treas arer— George  W, 
Snow.  Sheriff — John  Petrie,  Superintendent  of  Schools — Frank 
Richmond.  Judge  of  Probate— W.  S,  Cole.  Coroner — R,  Cart- 
wright.  Justices  of  the  Peace — Paul  Landman,  A.  T.  West,  A. 
T.  Bridgman,  Bart  Cole. 

The  surface  of  the  county  is  slightly  rolling,  the  soil  of  remark- 
able fertility,  and  the  water  supply  abundant,  making  this  an 
excellent  agricultural  and  stock-raising  county.  It  is  claimed  that 
Bon  Homme  County  contains  more  timber  than  any  other  county 
in  Dakota. 


BON  HOMME. 

The  townsite  of  Bon  Homme  is  about  0]ie  mile  square.  The 
land  was  originally  granted  by  the  Government  to  Zephyr  Ren- 
contre, a  Frenchman,  who  came  up  the  Missouri  River  about  sev- 
enty years  ago,  at  which  time  he  was  but  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
who  died  about  two  years  ago. 

Bon  Homme  was  incorporated  in  1867,  but  the  incorporation 
fell  through  in  consecjuence  of  lack  of   attention  to  the  elections. 

In  the  autumn  of  1876,  N,  G,  Cogan  started  a  small  paper  at 
Bon  Homme  under  the  name  of  the  Bo7i  Homme  Counfij  Democrat. 
After  publishing  it  for  eight  months,  he  enlarged  the  paper  and 
changed  the  name  to  the  Dakota  Citizen.,  which  latter  was  pub- 
lished by  him  as  an  independent  paper.  In  February,  1880,  he 
moved  his  office  and  material  to  Scotland,  this  county,  where  he 
continued  to  publish  it  for  a  year  and  a  half,  when  he  sold  the 
establishment  to  the  present  publishing  firm. 

Bon  Homme  has  one  church  edifice,  and  several  church  denom- 
inations, who  hold  services  iu  the  school  house  and  Court  House. 
Therp  is  a  good  school  house,  and  a  large  attendance  of  pupils. 
School  is  taught  about  nine  months  in  the  year. 

The  first  Postmistress  was  Mrs.  Francis  Rounds;  the  first  wed- 
ding occurred  in  1860,  a  Mr.  Grant  and  Miss  Hattie  E.  Bradford 
being  the  contracting  parties;  the  first  birth  was  in  the  family  of 
Mr.  Grant    in   1862 — Miss    Emma  Grant,  now   residing  at  Bon 


19S  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

Homme;  the  first  death  was  that  of  Mr.  Grant.  There  are  two 
stores,  two  hotels,  a  blacksmith  shop,  a  chiircli  and  scliool  house 
in  Bon  Homme,  and  also — by  wa}^  of  parenthesis — a  jail. 

Among  the  attractions  of  the  place  are  its  beautiful  scenery  and 
location.  The  town  lies  about  eighty  feet  above  the  Missouri. 
Opposite  the  town  is  Bon  Homme  Island,  covered  with  an  immense 
forest  of  about  4,000  acres.  This  Island  is  now  being  used  by 
Charles  N.  McColIum,  wlio  has  an  extensive  wood-yard,  and  is 
engaged  extensively  in  the  stock-raising  business.  Many  others 
have  live  stock  on  this  Island.  Cattle  live  there  all  winter  Avithout 
hay.  and  are  always  in  good  condition  in  the  spring. 


SCOTLAND. 

The  name  for  this  thriving  town,  was  proposed  by  Gen.  Charles 
T.  Campbell,  from  the  fact  that  he,  with  three  other  families  of 
the  early  settlers,  were  of  Scottish  derivation.  The  names  of  those 
Avho  were  on  the  ground  at  the  time  the  town  was  named,  are: 
Joseph  Gunn,  John  Gunn,  Mrs.  Hugh  Gunn,  and  Charles  Sanborn. 
Gen,  Campbell  was  the  first  settler  on  Dawson  Creek,  on  the  old 
Firesteel  Road  to  Yankton,  and  came  in  June,  1871.  This  loca- 
tion subsequently  became  the  townsite  of  Scotland.  Next  came 
John  Stafford  and  his  four  sons,  with  their  families.  These  last 
families  came  in  1872,  from  Canada.  About  one  hundred  Cana- 
dian families  came  during  the  next  year  or  two.  The  members  of 
the  Russian  settlement  came  in  1873. 

Scotland  was  platted  by  the  Railroad  Company,  Gen.  Campbell 
and  John  Stafford  donating  eighty  acres  of  land  for  the  townsite. 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  March,  1881,  by  an  act  of  the  Leg- 
islative Assembly.— The  first  locomotive  of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  P. 
Railroad  Company  arrived  at  Scotland  in  November,  1881,  The 
Company  is  now  grading  a  road  from  Yankton  to  Scotland.  The 
prospects  are  that  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Railroad  Company,  in  their  sur- 
vey from  LeMars,  will  make  a  crossing  at  Scotland, 

The  first  town  officers  were:  Trustees — J,  Brinkerhoff,  Presi- 
dent; Charles  Max,  H.  A.  Reeves,  W.  V.  Williams,  Martin  Hofer. 
Treasurer — George  Josman.  Clerk — William  A,  Robinson.  Mar- 
shal—John Clark.  The  population  of  Scotland  is  about  600.  It 
is  located  on  section  8,  town  96,  range  58,  in  the  northeast  corner 
of  Bon  Homme  County. 


SCOTLAND.  199 


The  staple  articles  of  shipment  are  cattle,  flax,  wool  and  wheat. 
It  is  estimated  that  $100,000  Avorth  of  wool,  and  150,000  bushels  of 
flax  have  been  shipped  from  Scotland  during  the  current  year.  The 
average  shipment  of  flax  per  day  from  Scotland,  during  the  months 
of  September  and  October,  was  2,000  bushels.  It  is  generally  con- 
ceded that  Scotland  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  great  wool 
markets  of  the  West. 

The  soil  is  a  black  loam,  a  little  sandy,  and  from  two  to  four 
feet  in  depth.  It  presents  to  the  eye  an  undulating  appearance — 
just  right  for  good  drainage.  The  uplands  produce  the  "  blue  joint 
red  top  "  and  bunch  grass  in  abundance.  This  portion  of  the 
county  is  well  watered,  there  being  streams  every  fewm.iles,  empty- 
ing themselves  into  the  James  River.  The  only  timber,  which  is 
a  scarce  article,  is  along  the  James  River.  Wood  for  fuel  is  ob- 
tained from  the  Missouri  River,  which  is  distant  eighteen  miles. 

A  flouring  mill,  three  miles  below  Scotland,  on  the  James  River, 
is  owned  by  Maxwell  &  Parmenter,  and  has  three  run  of  stone,  with 
the  improved  machinery  for  turning  out  the  patent  flour. 

The  first  postoffice  was  established  at  the  old  village  in  1872,  with 
Charles  Sanborn  as  Postmaster.  Gen  Campbell  at  that  time  con- 
trolled the  mail  routes  between  Yankton  and  Firesteel. 

Mention  of  the  establishment  of  the  Dakota  Citizen  at  Scotland, 
and  its  removal  from  Bon  Homrhe,  by  A.  J.  Cogan,  editor  and  pro- 
prietor, is  made  in  the  account  of  Bon  Homme.  The  paper  is  Dem- 
ocratic in  politics,  is  a  seven-column  quarto,  and  has  a  circulation 
of  about  300. 

The  first  store  was  established  in  1873,  in  the  old  village,  by 
John  Stafford:  in  the  spring  of  1872,  the  first  hotel — the  Camp- 
bell House — was  completed  and  opened  to  the  public,  with  Gen. 
Campbell  as  proprietor. 

The  first  school  was  begun  in  1871:,  in  the  room  over  John  Staf- 
ford's store,  with  Wesley  Douglas  as  teacher,  and  Avith  an  attend- 
ance of  forty  pupils.  In  1876,  a  school  house  was  built  by  sub- 
scription, at  a  cost  of  '?500,  and  was  also  used  as  a  church.  The 
present  school  building  was  erected  in  August,  1881.  and  cost 
$2,000.  Bonds  running  ten  years  were  issued  in  payment.  It  is 
a  frame  building,  of  two  stories,  nO  by  30  feet  in  dimensions,  with 
two  departments.     Mrs.  Dollard  is  the  Principal. 

There  are  two  church  buildings,  erected  by  the  Presbyterians  and 


200  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

the  Methodists.     The  Catholics,  Lutherans  and  Evangelists  are 
about  to  erect  edifices. 

The  Presbyterian  Society  was  organized  by  llevs.  A.  K.  JJaird 
and  M  E.  Chapin  in  October,  1879.  Services  were  at  first  held  in 
the  M.  E.  Church.  Their  present  church  edifice  was  completed 
during  the  present  year.  It  is  a  frame  building,  cost  about  $^2,00O, 
and  was  dedicated  July  17th  of  the  current  year,  Rev.  W.  S.  Pe- 
terson preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon.  Its  membership  is  about 
twenty.  The  first  officers  of  the  Society  were:  Elders — James 
Gibbon,  Thomas  Thyme.  Trustees — Christian  Shautz.  William 
Hebbert.  George  Gunn.     Kev.  H.  P.  Carson  is  the  pastor. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  1870,  with 
Rev.  Mr.  Cook  as  the  pastor.  The  building  is  40  by  22  feet  in  di- 
mension^, is  of  chalkstone,  cost  about  $500,  and  was  erected  in 
1876.     Rev.  Mr.  Pearce  is  the  present  pastor. 

The  Scotland  Brass  Band  dates  its  organization  from  March  of 
the  present  year.  Prof.  G3a.  L.  Rice  is  the  L3ader.  There  are 
eleven  members  in  all. 

()FKICI.\I>   I>II!i;(TOKY. 

Pre.iideiit — J .  Bvinkerhoft'. 

Tnisfees—ChiirleaMiix,  H.  A.  Reeves.  AV.  V.  Williams,  Martin  Hofer. 

Treafntrer — George  Josmann. 

C/crA-— William  A.  Robinson. 

MarsltaJ — John  Clark. 

DUSINKSS  OIKECTOKV. 

AilO)-)ic//.s — .Andrew  J.  Faulk,  Jr.,  Robert  Dolland. 

Af/rirnJfKral  M(ic}ii)ieri/—Foiik'itt  ami  Raeves,  Chaldek  Brothers,  Alfrel 
Browji. 

Banks— Gii\e  and  Boyert. 

BUtrksmiths — M.  M.  Boyles,  Beyerle  and  Wiedenbaeh;  John  Stickle. 

Boot^  and  Shoes— George  Josmann. 

Barher—TAwurd  Stafford. 

Carpeiifcrs—C.  L.  Ogden,  Edward  Fellen.  IIeii:y  Fix.  John  Clav'c,  George 
Musslemann. 

Dru(/(/ist—J.  F.  Weber. 

i'^((r;nVM/-e— John  Esaack,  Edward  Fallen. 

General  Merchants— A.  W.  Lavender,  Martin  Hrfer.  Staff  iri  and  William-. 
Henry  Sieler,  Frederick  Becker,  Jacob  Kusler. 

Grain  f)eah'r.s-W.  H.  Curtis,  B.  F.  Wise,  Alfred  Brown. 

Hotels — Campbell  House,  Scotland  Hotel. 

Hardware — Foskett  and  Reeves,  Landman  and  Schmierer. 

JIarness  and  Saddles— ^.  M.  Fogarty. 

Liver// — J .  Brinkerhotf . 

Meat  Market— -.lohn  Schliesmann,  James  Han?cot. 


SCOTLAND.  201 


Xeu^'spn  vers  .--The  Dakota  Citizen,  with  A.  J.  Cogan  as  editor  and  proprietor. 

Phi/siciaiis— Dr.  Munii,  Dr.  L'artwright. 

Saloons — Martin  Hof  r,  George  Linley,  George  Steagr. 

Shoeni nl-er — Anton  Arens. 


SPRINGFIELD. 

Springfipkl  was  founded  by  John  A.  Burbank,  at  that  time  (tov- 
ernor  of  Dakota.  The  town  was  organized  in  1869.  The  first 
house  was  built  in  the  summer  of  1870  by  Luman  N.  Jadd,  who 
was  then  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  the  building  being  used  as 
an  office.  The  first  settlers  were:  Luman  N.  Judd,  Ogden  Marsh, 
John  L.  Turner,  Isaac  Hawthorne,  William  Emmons,  John  A. 
Lee,  George  Lee,  Philip  Stimal,  Nathan  McDaniels,  J.  E.  Russell, 
Samuel  Henderson    and    George   Snow — who    came   in  1870.     In 

1871,  the  following  persons  came:  L.  D.  F.  Poore,  George  Mead, 
Clark  Rowe,  I.  James,  A.  F.  McAuley,  Michael  Griffin,  E.  W. 
Wall,  R.  T.  Wood,  B.  H.  Wood,  and  others. 

The  town  was  platted  by  John  A.  Burbank,  in  1869,  He  pur- 
chased one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  for  the  townsite,  of  John  A. 
Lee  and  George  Lee.  Springfield  was  incorporated  in  the  winter  of 
1879,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  The  first  town  of- 
ficers were:  Mayor — John  L.Turner.  Aldermen — George  Hef- 
ner, James  Stephens,  Mr.  Van  Curren.  Clerk — Fred.  Gassmann. 
Treasurer — A.  T,  Stillie.  Justice  of  the  Peace — A.  T.  Bridgraan. 
Marshal — Charles  Klemme. 

Springfield  was   incorporated  by  the  County  Commissioners  m 

1872.  In  1876,  this  action  was  decided  to  be  illegal,  and  conse- 
quently all  official  business  that  had  been  transacted  in  pursuance 
thereof,  was  null  and  void. 

TheC.M.  &  St.  P.  Railroad  was  built  to  Springfield  in  1879, 
the  first  train  arriving  at  that  point  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  The 
population  of  Springfield  is  about  300.  The  town  is  located  on 
the  southeast  part  of  section  23,  the  northeast  part  of  section  26, 
and  in  part  of  section  24,  township  93,  range  60. 

The  first  postoffice  in  this  neighborhood  was  established  at 
Emanuel  Creek,  two  and  one-half  miles  north  of  the  present  town. 
Nathan  McDaniels  was  Postmaster.  The  present  Postmaster  of 
Springfield  is  INIichael  Griffin.  The  postoffice  was  removed  from 
Emanuel  Creek  to  Springfield  in  1870,  when  John  L.  Turner  be- 
came Postmaster. 


202  HISTORY    OF   SOUTH KASTKRN    DAKOTA. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1872,  and  cost  about  $400.  It 
was  18x34  feet  iu  dimensions.  The  first  teacher  was  Miss  Volver- 
ton.  The  present  school  house  was  built  in  1S79,  is  a  brick  struc- 
ture, and  cost  ^3,000.  It  is  a  large  and  liandsome  building,  and 
has  two  departments.  It  is  now  being  used  as  a  Territorial  Nor- 
mal School,  Avith  Prof.  Critchett  as  Principal,  Misses  Robb  and 
Seccombe,  Assistants. 

The  ground  has  already  been  secured,  and  paid  for  by  subscrip- 
tion, upon  which  to  erect  a  Territorial  Normal  School  building,  in 
pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  a  recent  Legislative  enactment.  It 
is^scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  the  citizens  of  Springfield  are  now 
earnestly  in  favor  of  the  ''old  flag  and  an  appropriation." 

The  district  school  is  now  held  in  a  building  rented  for  that  pur- 
pose, which  it  is  expected  to  use  until  the  Normal  School  building 
is  erected,  when  the  district  school  will  be  moved  back  to  its  old 
quarters. 

The  first  store  in  Springfield  was  started  in  1870,  by  John  L. 
Turner,  in  one  of  Ogden  Marsh's  buildings,  with  a  stock  of  goods 
invoicing  from  fifty  to  sixty  dollars — which  business  has  since  de- 
veloped into  great  dimensions,  and  is  one  of  the  leading  establish- 
ments of  Southeastern  Dakota.  The  firm  name  now  is  Bonesteel 
&  Turner.  William  Emerson  started  the  International  Hotel  in 
1870. 

The  first  death  to  occur  in  Springfield  was  that  of  Ogden  Marsh 
in  1872;  the  first  marriage,  A.  F.  McAuley  and  Mary  Grifiin,  in 
1873,  at  the  residence  of  Michael  Griffin,  Rev.  Father  Sommereisen, 
of  Yankton,  officiating;  the  first  birth,  a  daughter  born  to  Ogden 
Marsh  and  wife,  in  1871. 

Samuel  Henderson,  of  Wisconsin,  started  a  saw  mill  at  Springfield 
in  1870,  and  sawed  the  first  lumber  that  was  sawed  in  Bon  Homme 
County. 

The  Congregational  Society  was  organized  by  Rev.  Stewart  Shel- 
don, of  Yankton,  November  4th,  1881,  with  a  membership  of  seven. 
Services  were  held  in  the  school  house  until  the  Society  purchased 
their  present  church  edifice,  which  is  worth  probably  from  $1,000 
to  $1,200.  The  dimensions  of  the  building  are  24  by  36  feet. 
Rev.  T.  M.  Binks  was  the  first  pastor.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Kirk;  the  order  of  succession  to  the  pastorate  thereafter  being: 
Rev.  C.  L.  Hall,  Rev.  J.  C.  Beekman,  Rev.  Charles  Seccombe.  The 
first   officers  were:      Deacon— Samuel    Hitchcock.    Clerk — H.  J. 


SPRINGFIELD.  203 


Smith.  Treasurer — Ira  J.  Smith.  Trustees — Samuel  Hitchcock, 
George  Owens,  Ira  J.  Smith.  Present  officers:  Deacon — Samuel 
Hitchcock.  Clerk — Ira  J.  Smith.  Treasurer — John  Fry.  Trustees 
— Samuel  Hitchcock,  W.  W.  Benedict,  John  Fry. 

St.  Stephen's  Catholic  Society  was  organized  in  1880,  with  a 
membership  of  about  fifty.  Services  were  at  first  held  at  the  resi- 
dence of  Michael  Griffin.  Their  church  building  was  erected  in 
1880,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,  and  is  50  by  30  feet  in  dimensions.  A 
presbytery  is  to  be  erected  on  the  church  lot  during  the  coming 
spring.  This  church  was  built  by  subscription  in  the  spirit  of  un- 
denominational liberality.  Rev.  Father  A.  Carolan  was  the  first 
pastor,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Father  Daniel  Vincent  Collins, 
the  present  incmnbent,  who  is  using  efficient  energy  in  behalf  of 
his  promising  Society. 

The  Springfield  Times  was  established  July  27,  1871,  with  L.  D. 
F.  Poore  as  editor  and  proprietor.  It  was  a  six-column  folio,  and 
its  publication  was  continued  under  this  management  until  June 
of  the  present  year,  when  the  paper  was  purchased  by  John  Todd, 
who  is  now  the  editor  and  proprietor.  The  paper  was  changed  in 
August,  1878,  to  a  six-column  quarto.  It  is  Republican  in  politics, 
and  has  a  circulation  of  450. 

The  Yankton  and  Ft.  Sully  Telegraph  Line  was  completed  to 
and  beyond  Springfield  during  the  year  1871,  and  was  contruct- 
ed  through  to  the  point  of  destination — Ft.  Sully.  Assoon  as 
completed,  the  line  was  put  in  operation.  The  first  office  this  side 
of  Yankton  was  established  at  Springfield,  in  the  office  of  Dr. 
Agersborg,  and  under  his  charge. 

Hope  School  was  organized  in  1879,  by  the  Episcopalians,  under 
the  care  of  W.  H.  Hare,  Biship  of  Niobrara,  Neb.  There  are 
twenty-six  5'^oung  Indians  in  process  of  instruction  at  this  institu- 
tion. Two  teachers  are  employed.  Hope  School  is  held  in  the 
building  which  was  formerly  the  International  Hotel.  All  the 
common  branches  are  tauglit.  It  derives  its  support  from  the 
School  Mission,  which  even  furnishes  clothing — and  is  doing  a 
a  good  work,  the  pupils  making  remarkable  progress. 

Mount  Zion  Lodge  No.  6,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  instituted  in  1876, 
with  seven  charter  members,  as  follows:  J.  L.  Turner,  Daniel 
Niles,  D.  E.  Wood,  D.  H.  Wood,  A.  T.  McAuley,  George  Mead, 
Edwin  Benedict.      The  Lodge  now  occupies  Masonic  Hall,  a  com- 


2<U  msroRY  of  southeastern  Dakota. 

modious  room,  handsomely  carpeted  and  furnished.  The  Lodge 
contemphites  the  erection  of  a  brick  buihling,  to  cost  $2,000.  Its 
first  officers  were:  B.  E.  AVood,  W.  M.;  J.  L.  Turner,  S.  W.; 
Daniel  Niles,  J.  W,;  George  Mead,  Secretary;  A.  F.  McAuley, 
Treasurer.  Present  officers:  C.  T.  McCoy,  W.  M.;  M.  H.  Day, 
S.  W.;  T.  Alexander,  J.  W.;  G.  W.  Snow,  Treasurer;  F.  W.  Gas- 
mann.  Secretary.  The  membership  is  fifty-five.  Meetings  are 
held  Tuesday  evenings  of  each  month,  on  or  before  the  full  of  the 
moon. 

Springfield  Lodge  No.  7,  L  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  December 
11th,  1875.  Charter  members:  L.  D.  F.  Poore,  Thomas  B. 
Eagle,  H.  A.  James,  B.  R.  VanCurren,  John  Petre,  Edward  F. 
Bushnell,  F.  W.  Sutlifi^,  Geo.  W.  Snow.  First  officers:  Thomas 
B.  Eagle,  N.  G.:  Geo.  W.  Snow,  V.  G.;  E.L.  Bushnell,  Secretary; 
H.  A.  James,  Treasurer.  Present  officers:  J.  W.  Armstrong,  N. 
G.;  B.  R.  VanCurren,  V.  G.;  J.  H.  Stephens.R.  S.;  H.  A.  James, 
F.  S.;  M.H.Day,  Treasurer.  The  membership  is  about  thirty- 
seven.  Meetings  are  held  in  Bushneirs  Hall,  which  was  purchased 
by  the  Lodge  about  one  3'ear  ago. 

OFFICIAI,  DIRECTOKY. 

Mayor— John  Turner. 

Aldermen — George  Hefner,  James  Stephens,  V.  R.  VanCurren. 

Clerk — Fred,  Gassmann. 

Treasurer— A.  T.  Stillie. 

Marshal — Charles  Klemme. 

Justice  of  the  Peace — A.  T.  Bridgman. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Attornei/s — George  W.  Sterling,  P.  A.  Saunders. 

Agricultural  Implements — Covell  and  Grant,  Bonesteel  and  Turner,  Geo. 
Hefner,  Griffith  and  Taj-lor. 

Blacksmitli — V.  R.  VanCurren. 

Carpenter — James  C.  Hutton. 

Collection  and  Loan  Agency — J.  C.  Klemme. 

Druggists — Bonesteel  and  Turner,  Dr.  Charles  Carlin. 

Drayage — John  Brown. 

Grocer — E.  W.  Monfore. 

Grain  Dealers — Bonesteel  and  Turner. 

General  Merchants — Bonesteel  and  Turner,  L.  Schnerdtmann,  J.  Junger- 
mann. 

Hotels — Baskin  House,  James  H.  Baskin;  Springfield  House,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Love. 

Hardware — Griffith  and  Taylor,  George  Hefner. 

Harness  and  Saddles — James  H.  Stevens. 

Insurance — Sterling  and  Kleinm .'. 

Lnmher — Rrekwell  and  Mortran. 


CLAY   COUXTY.  205 


Llrery — Fred.  Culver. 

Meat  Market — Robert  Cowgill,  Joseph  Robson. 

Millinery — Mrs.  H.  A.  James. 

i\re!t'5^rt^)er— Spnngfield  Times,  John  Tocid,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Phi/sicians — James  L.  Camp,  Charles  Carlin. 

Postmaster — Michael  Griffin. 

Shoemaker — Fred.  J.  Smith. 

Saloons — James  E.  Russell,  A.  F.  AIcAu'ey. 

Tinner — John  Fry. 


CLAY  COUNTY. 

This  fertile  and  well-settled  county  was  among  those  organized 
by  the  first  Legislative  Assembly.  It  is  situated  in  the  southeastern 
corner  of  Dakota,  and  is  the  secondcounty  reached  on  coming  into 
the  Territory.  It  is.  bounded  on  the  north  by  Turner  and  Lincoln 
Counties,  on  the  east  by  L^nion  County,  on  the  west  by  Yankton 
County,  and  on  the  south  by  the  Missouri  Kiver.  It  is  about 
eighteen  miles  wide,  east  and  west,  and  twenty-five  miles  north  and 
south. 

The  surface  of  Clay  County  resembles  that  of  Union  and  Yank- 
ton, the  southern  portion  being  level  bottom  lands  along  the  Mis- 
souri River,  varying  in  width  from  one  to  fifteen  miles,  and  the 
northern  portion  gently  rolling  prairie.  Near  the  center  of  the 
county,  near  the  Vermillion  River,  is  the  "  Spirit  Mound,'"  men- 
tioned by  Lewis  &  Clarke  in  the  journal  of  their  exploring  expedi- 
tion up  the  Missouri  in  1S04.  This  mound  is  a  regular  cone-shaped 
hill,  with  smooth  sides,  and  is  nowise  remarkable  except  for  the 
Indian  legends  and  traditions  concerning  it.  It  can  be  seen  for 
many  miles  on  the  prairie,  and  is  a  prominent  land-mark  to  trav- 
elers. 

The  soil  is  extremely  fertile,  yielding  bountiful  crops  of  wheat, 
corn,  oats,  and  in  fact  all  kinds  of  grain  or  vegetables  grown  in 
this  latitude.  There  is  probably  no  dilference  between  the  soils  of 
any  of  the  lower  counties.  What  is  said  of  one  county  will  gen- 
erally apply  to  all. 

The  county  is  well  watered  by  the  Missouri  and  Vermillion 
Rivers  and  Clay  Creek,  which  is  a  tributary  of  the  Vermillion. 
Springs  are  numerous  in  the  uplands,  especially  along  the  bluffs, 
where  the  uplands  and  lowlands  meet.  On  the  bench  land  above 
Vermillion,  although  the  ground  is  fifty  feet  above  the  bed  of  the 


206  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN  DAKOTA. 

Missouri,  excellent  wells  of  never  failing  water  are  obtained  by  dig- 
ging only  15  or  20  feet. 

The  date  of  the  county  organization  is  April  10, 1862.  The  pres- 
ent County  Officers  are  as  follows:  Commissioners — C.  N.  Taylor, 
F.  Taylor,"  W.  Lowrie.  Sheriff— G.  H.  McDonald.  Register  of 
Deeds — H.  E.  Hanson.  Treasurer — W.  Shriner.  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate— H.  A.  Copeland.  Clerk  of  Courts — S.  W.  Kidder.  Super- 
intendent of  Schools — C.  C.  Bridgman. 

The  first  settlements  of  Clay  County  were  made  at  Vermillion  in 
1869,  by  James  McHenry,  P.  H.  Jewell,  M.  Robinson  and  L.  E. 
Phelps.  A.  C.  VanMeter,  Hugh  Campton  and  Jacob  Deuel  were 
also  among  the  first  settlers.  Outside  of  the  town  of  Vermillion, 
the  first  settlements  were  made  on  the  bluffs  above  Vermillion,  and 
also  along  the  Missouri  west  of  Vermillion.  Capt.  Nelson  Miner 
and  family  are  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Clay  County.  W. 
W.  Benedict,  B.  E.  Wood  and  James  Whitehorn  were  among  the 
early  settlers  of  the  county  west  of  Vermillion.  Other  portions  of 
the  county  were  settled  previous  to  the  stampede,  and  were  aban- 
doned in  1862  and  1863. 


VERMILLION. 

The  new  ''  Vermillion-on-the-Hill,"  which  has  sprung  up  Phoe- 
nix-like, from  what  was  left  of  the  old  town  by  the  terrible  ice- 
gorge  of  1881,  is  located  in  town  92,  range  52,  in  the  southern 
part  of  Clay  County.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  settled  places  in  the 
Territory,  having  been  occupied  by  the  whites  as  soon  as  the  In- 
dians were  removed  after  the  treaty.  Jas.  H.  McHenry,  George 
Brown,  L.  E.  Phelps,  Miner  Robinson  and  P.  H.  Jewell  located 
here  in  1859.  Mr.  McHenry  opened  a  store  in  the  spring  of  1860. 
The  U.S.  Land  Office  was  opened  here  in  1862,  where  it  still  remains. 
The  U.  S.  District  Court  for  the  1st  Judicial  District  also  holds  its 
sessions  at  Vermillion.  The  county  offices  are  also  kept  at  the 
('ounty  Seat.  It  is  surrounded  by  an  excellent  agricultural  country, 
the  trade  of  which  centers  at  Vermillion.  During  the  darkest  days 
that  Dakota  ever  saw  in  1861-5  good  crops  were  raised  on  the  up- 
lands near  Vermillion.  The  farmers  on  the  bench  land  near  Ver- 
million have  as  fine  farms,  and  under  as  good  cultivation,  as  those 
of  any  other  section.     Vermillion  has  now  about  900  inhabitants. 

The  town  organization  was  perfected  in  1873.  and  in  1877,  it  was 


VERMILLIOX.  207 


incorporated  by  special  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  Otto  Vot- 
tolfsou  entered  the  land  which  is  now  the  townsite  of  Yermillion, 
in  1869. 

The  first  city  officers  were:  Mayor — John  L.  Jolley.  Clerk — 
C.  C.  Bridgnian.  Treas.,  C.  Prentis.  Marshal— A.  M.  Anderson.  Al- 
dermen— H.  E.  Hanson,  1st  Ward;  H.  C.  Jensen,  2d  Ward;  L.  H. 
Barron,  3d  Ward;  A.  E.  Lee,  4th  Ward;  Nick  Hansen,  5th  Ward; 
W.  E.  Hodgin,  6th  Ward. 

The  first  hotel  in  Vermillion  was  opened  by  Samuel  Mulholland 
in  1860;  the  first  bank,  by  Prentis  &  Newton,  m  October,  1871; 
the  first  mill  was  started  by  Snyder  &  Maynard  about  the  year, 
1872.  This  mill  has  two  run  of  stone,  and  is  now  owned  by  Stan- 
ley &  Lowrie. 

The  first  birth  at  Vermillion  was  that  of  Miss  Viola  VanMeter; 
the  first  death.  Judge  Denton,  in  the  winter  of  1859.  A.  A.  Par- 
tridge and  Miss  Seiner  were  the  contracting  parties  to  the  first  mar- 
riage ceremony  at  Vermillion,  which  took  place  in  November, 
1860. 

Vermillion  was  on  the  high  tide  to  prosperity,  when  the  terribly 
disastrous 

FLOOD  AND  ICE-GORCiE  OF  1881 

Obliterated  at  one  stroke  nearly  all  the  accumulations  of  years  of 
energetic  eff'ort.  From  The  J^ennill ion  Standard's  series  ol  graphic 
accounts  of  the  disaster,  the  following  particulars  are  gleaned. 

Sunday,  March  27th,  1880,  was  the  warmest  day  since  the  pre- 
vious autumn.  The  snow  melted  rapidly,  but  nobody  supposed 
the  ice  would  move  that  night.  About  11:30  p.  m.,  the  ice  began 
to  break  and  move  down  stream.  In  a  few  moments  it  gorged 
below  the  island,  and  the  rapidly  accumulating  water  began  to  run 
through  the  streets.  The  Baptist  Church  bell  was  immediately 
rung  to  alarm  the  people,  and  in  a  very  short  time,  the  streets 
were  full  of  men,  women  and  children,  hurrying  to  the  blufi's,  some 
leading  horses  and  cattle,  and  others  carrying  whatever  clothing 
they  could  lay  their  hands  on  during  their  hurried  exit.  Before 
all  could  escape,  the  water  on  the  north  side  oi  the  city,  along  the 
bluff's,  had  risen  to  the  depth  of  three  feet,  and  covered  the  railroad 
track,  giving  many  of  the  fugitives  an  ice-water  bath. 

Boats  were  brought  into  requisition,  and  those  who  had  heard 
the  alarm  too  late  to  escape,  were  taken  off  to  a  place  of  safety. 
Some,  however,  believing,  like  the  sinners  in  Noah's  time,  that  it 


20S  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

"wasn't  going  to  1)e  niueh  of  a  shower,  after  all,"'  walked  upstairs 
and  remained  in  their  residences  the  remainder  of  the  night. 

By  morning,  the  water  had  gone  down,  so  that  all  that  pjirt  of 
the  city  ea.^t  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  east  end  of  the  depot,  to 
Reeve's  corner,  and  from  thence  to  Carr's  residence  on  the  bank  of 
the  river,  was  clear  of  water,  except  for  some  distance  along  the 
railroad  track.  All  of  the  city  west  of  that  line,  was,  however, 
under  water  to  the  depth  of  from  three  or  four  inches,  to  three 
feet.  This  situation  was  maintained  until  in  the  afternoon,  when 
the  water  raised,  west  of  the  above  line,  about  a  foot,  but  did  not 
cover  the  rest  of  the  city.  By  Tuesday  morning  the  water  had 
subsided  to  about  the  same  depth  as  Monday  morning,  but  raised 
again  in  the  afternoon,  a  little  over  a  foot,  and  continued  to  gain 
slowl}',  until  Wednesday  evening,  when  it  began  to  rise  more  rap- 
idly, and  Thursday  morning  it  had  covered  the  depot  platform  to 
the  depth  of  several  inches. 

Thursday  morning,  March  31st,  the  river  rose  rapidly,  until  it 
covered  the  highest  point,  by  the  Bank  block,  to  the  depth  of  from 
four  to  five  feet.  The  ice  in  the  river  also  commenced  mov- 
ing, and  by  10  o'clock  a.  m.,  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  in  every 
direction  (except  in  the  bend  fronting  the  city),  nothing  could  be 
seen  but  floating  ice.  The  timber  in  Van  Meter's  grove  kept  most 
of  the  ice  out  of  the  city,  so  that  but  little  damage  was  done  by  it 
during  the  day. 

About  nine  in  the  morning,  the  buildings  commenced  moving. 
Butler's  photograph  gallery  moving  first,  and  going  to  pieces  in 
the  rajtids,  Avhich  extended  from  Depot  street  to  the  river.  Others 
followed  in  quick  succession  during  the  day  and  night,  until  forty 
buildings  had  been  carried  down  and  smashed  to  pieces  against  the 
ice.  During  Thurslay  night,  the  water  rose  three  feet  higher  than 
during  the  day  previous,  anl  the  Dakota  Republican  printing  of- 
fice was  taken  down  stream.  This  additional  rise  subsided  before 
morning.  The  water  tank  from  the  railroad  crossing  of  the  Vermil- 
lion River,  above  the  city,  c.imedown  in  the  moving  ice,  and  in  the 
afternoon,  Mr.  Pinkham's  house,  from  near  Meckling,  moved  oft". 
To  add  to  the  horrors  of  the  situation,  a  terrible  blizzard  prevailed 
during  the  day,  making  it  almost  impossible  to  row  a  boat  against 
the  fierce,  howling,  northwest  wind.  About  a  dozen  persons,  in- 
cluding a  woman  and  two  children,  slept  in  Bank   block  Wednes- 


VERMILLION.  209 


day  night,  and  were  caught  there  l)y  the  rising  waters.     They  were 
subsequently  rescued. 

Towards  night,  the  solid  ice  in  front  of  the  city  moved  out,  and 
gorged  down  below  the  island,  and  in  an  incredibly  short  sp;>ce  of 
time,  the  ice  had  packed  the  river  channel  full,  back  to  the  ferry 
landing  at  Douglas'  Mill. 

Friday,  April  1st,  the  water  remained  about  the  same  as  on 
Thursday,  except  that  it  rose  a  few  inches  during  the  day,  and 
carried  away  several  buildings.  The  inhabitants  busied  themselves, 
meanwhile,  saving  all  the  property  that  could  possibly  be  rescued 
from  the  general  destruction. 

Saturday,  Sunday,  Monday  and  Tuesday,  the  Avater  lowered  a 
few  inches,  and  from  Depot  street  east  to  the  gorged  ice  in  the 
bed  of  the  river,  ran  like  a  mill-race.  The  work  of  saving  property 
continued,  and  hundreds  gathered  on  the  bluffs,  and  watched  the 
whirling,  eddying  waters.  Wednesday,  April  6th,  the  water  com- 
menced rising,  about  ten  o'clock,  and  by  eleven,  the  ice  commenced 
moving.  The  alarm  was  given,  and  the  boats  engaged  in  saving 
property  pulled  speedily  to  the  shor(^  By  12  o'clock,  the  build- 
ings commenced  moving  out,  mostly  to  the  current  in  the  Ver- 
million, some  six  or  seven  being  in  the  stream  at  the  same  time. 
The  water  continued  rising,  until  it  was  at  least  a  foot  higher  than 
the  highest  point  previously  reached.  Fifty-six  buildings  were 
carried  down,  and  smashed  to  pieces  against  the  gorged  ice  below 
— among  them  being  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  the  railroad  depot, 
the  Congregational  Church,  Shafer's  large  store  building,  and  other 
large  buildings.  The  water  carried  the  Chandler  House  about 
fifteen  feet,  the  north  end  was  knocked  out,  and  the  building  was 
badly  wrecked.  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  building  was  car- 
ried off  its  foundation,  and  the  lower  story  smashed.  Carr's  build- 
ings, south  of  Masonic  Hall,  were  also  badly  wrenched.  Every 
residence  on  the  bottom,  except  a  half-dozen,  was  either  carried 
away  or  badly  damaged,  while  many  of  the  wooden  business  build- 
ings were  greatly  damaged,  or  moved  from  their  foundations. 
When  the  water  was  at  the  highest,  at  least  twenty  buildings  were 
floating  off  at  the  same  time. 

During  the  rise,  the  channel  was  constantly  filled  with  great 
bodies  of  floating  ice,  which  broke  down  everything  it  came  in 
contact  with.  It  packed  up  against  the  gorged  ice  in  the  channel 
of  the  river,  and  bv  the  time  the  water   went  down,  had  filled  the 


210  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN"    DAKOTA. 

entire  space  below  Depot  street;  and  west  of  the  railroad  track,  it 
had  packed  the  entire  distance  to  Van  Meter's  grove;  so  that  peo- 
ple could  walk  upon  it  without  difficulty. 

Thursday  morning,  April  5th,  the  Vermillion  River  had  again 
cut  a  channel  through  the  gorged  ice  to  the  center  of  the  Missouri, 
and  a  strong  current  carried  away  the  back-water  which  had  run 
up  to  Vermillion.  At  the  place  where  the  Vermillion  enters  the 
Missouri,  a  large  hole  was  worn  in  the  ice,  and  an  eddy  formed,  in 
which  large  quantities  of  broken  timbers  and  immense  cakes  of 
ice  were  constantly  floating  around.  The  main  channel  of  the 
Missouri,  together  with  the  sand  bar,  and  the  channel  south  of  the 
island,  packed  full  of  huge  cakes  of  ice  from  the  bend,  five  and 
one-half  miles  below  the  city,  up  to  Douglas'  Landing,  and  the 
water  that  came  through  the  Vermillion,  ran  over  the  bank  east 
of  Judge  Kidder's  residence,  passing  along  the  bluff  to  the  Big 
Sioux  River — the  water,  at  one  time,  on  the  track  north  of  Elk 
Point,  being  three  or  foar  feet  deep. 

The  river,  above  Douglas'  Landing,  as  far  as  could  be  seen  with 
a  field-glass,  w^as  clear  of  ice.  The  bottom  between  Vermillion 
and  Meckling  was  covered  with  ice  from  six  to  twenty  feet  thick. 
The  city  bridge,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vermillion,  the  Government 
bridge  at  Miles  RusselFs,  the  railroad  bridge,  Lee  &  Prentis'  bridge; 
and  Bond's  bridge  were  swept  aAvay. 

April  14th,  the  snow  commenced  thawing,  and  weakened  the 
ice  in  the  river  in  front  of  the  city,  so  that  the  Vermillion  broke 
through  the  icy  barrier  to  the  narrow,  open  channel  along  the 
north  of  the  island.  This  allowed  the  water,  which  covered  the 
city  to  the  depth  of  from  three  to  ten  feet,  to  drain  off,  leaving  the 
ice  from  one  to  six  feet  m  the  streets.  By  Saturday  morning,  the 
water  had  all  drained  off  from  that  part  of  the  city  south  of  the 
railroad  track,  and  east  of  Depot  street. 

The  scene  from  the  bluffs  presented  a  sickening  spectacle.  The 
remaining  wooden  buildings  were,  most  of  them,  badly  twisted  and 
wrecked,  and  others  carried  off  their  foundations,  while  the  streets 
were  covered  with  the  debris  of  the  wrecked  buildings^  strewn 
around  upon  the  slimy,  muddy  ice.  In  the  upper  part  of  the  city, 
where  the  buildings  were  mostly  swept  away,  nothing  could  be 
seen  but  water  and  ice,  the  latter  being  packed  up  to  the  roofs  of 
some  of  the  remaining  buildings,  and  half-way  up  the  windows  of 
others. 


I 


VERMILLION.  211 


The  terrible  calamity  which  drowned  and  crushed  Vermillion 
seemed  insufficient  to  satisfy  the  fates,  and  it  was  left  to  the  Ver- 
million River,  swollen  to  the  proportions  of  the  Missouri  at  high 
water,  to  complete  the  work  of  destruction.  The  deluge  and  ice 
left  a  good  many  buildings  in  Vermillion,  but  the  river  ''stepped 
in'^  and  took  about  sixteen  of  these.  The  first  house  to  go  was 
Cal.  Shaw's,  on  Sunday,  April  17th.  Others  followed  in  succes- 
sion, the  water  falling  just  in  time  to  save  the  Chandler  House, 
Col.  Jolley's  house  and  Copeland's  house  from  a  like  fate.  Ver- 
million aud  the  farmers  on  the  bottom  lands  in  Clay  County,  were 
probably  the  greatest  sufferers  by  the  overflow  in  Dakota.  The 
tract  of  country  lying  between  Vermillion  and  Gayville,  between 
the  bluffs  on  each  side  of  the  river,  was  swept  clean  of  everything, 
with  an  occasional  exception.  Houses,  barns,  fences,  cattle,  horses, 
hogs  and  sheep,  were  destroyed,  leaving  the  farmers  and  their  fam- 
ilies little  else  than  the  clothes  upon  their  backs,  and  the  bare 
lands,  without  a  team,  a  plow,  or  a  grain  of  seed,  to  commence 
farming  operations  with.  Their  condition  appealed  loudly  to  the 
charitable  in  more  favored  parts  of  the  country,  and  this  appeal, 
happily,  did  not  go  unheeded,  as  is  elsewheie  duly  recorded. 

Three-fourths  of  Vermillion  was  destroyed.  One  hundred  and 
thirty-two  buildings  were  totally  destroyed,  and  many  others 
wrecked.  The  total  value  of  buildings  and  other  property  des- 
troyed in  Vermillion,  as  closely  estimated  by  Mr.  G.  H.  Wheeler, 
who  devoted  some  time  to  obtaining  the  necessary  information, 
was  $142,260. 

The  rapidity  with  which  Vermillion  has  recovered  from  this 
dreadful  catastrophe;  the  astonishing  spirit  of  enterprise  mani- 
fested in  immediately  building  anew — on  higher  land,  beyond  the 
reach  of  future  depredations  by  floods — a  city  superior  in  all 
respects  to  the  one  destroyed — is  in  itself  sufficient  comment  on 
the  tireless  energy  and  indomitable  pluck  of  western  communities. 

Vermillion's  business  houses  are  of  a  substantial,  thrifty  charac- 
ter, and  the  large  volume  of  trade  which  pours  into  the  town  from 
various  quarters,  is  rapidly  adding  to  the  general  prosperit3\  Its 
hotels  are  excellent,  the  Chaudler  House,  particularly,  having  no 
superior  in  Southeastern  Dakota.  The  VermUUon  Fepnhlican, 
owned  and  edited  by  F.  N.  Burdick,  is  a  newspaper  with  all  that 
the  term  implies. 


212  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA, 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS  AND  SOCIETIES. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Society  first  met  in  the  old  log  school 
house,  and  afterwards  in  the  Adelphi  Hall,  as  far  back  as  1S71. 
The  first  minister  was  Rev.  McEndrie  Stewart,  who  was  succeeded 
by  Elder  Kane,  who  died  recently  at  Elk  Point.  The  Society  built 
a  church  in  1873,  at  a  cost  of  about  §2,000.  Rev.  H.  D.  Brown  was 
the  pastor  at  the  time.  Mr.  Brown  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  H.  T. 
Curl,  after  whom  came  S.  T.  Moore,  T.  W.  Owen,  H.  W.  Jones, 
John  Webb,  0.  S.  Bryan,  D.  W.  Chamberlain  and  A.  Amburn. 
Aaron  Carpenter,  R.  R.  Briggs  and  A.  Pickett  were  appointed 
Trustees  at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  Society. 

The  Congregational  Society  was  organized  September  llth, 
1870,  at  a  meeting  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Stewart  Sheldon,  of 
Yankton.  The  following  named  persons  participated  in  the  organ- 
ization: C.  E.  Prentis,  A.  E.  Lee,  F.  McKercher,  Sarah  J.  Mc- 
Kercher,  Hattie  J.  Ufford,  E.  Mathews,  Pauline  Mathews.  C.  .E 
Prentis  was  elected  Deacon,  F.  McKercher,  Clerk.  The  Society 
erected  a  church  edifice  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  '$1,200,  and  a  parson- 
age, at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  Services  were  held,  before  the  erection 
of  the  church,  in  Lee  &  Prentis'  Hall.  Rev.  Mr.  Sheldon  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Revs.  J.  N.  McLoney,  W.  E.  \\"alker  and  Ct.  S.  Bas- 
com.  The  church  was  dedicated  in  1873,  the  dedicatory  sermon 
being  preached  by  Rev.  A.  L.  Briggs,  of  the  Santee  Agency  Mission. 
The  Society  lost  very  heavily  by  reason  of  the  floods  of  1881. 

The  organization  of  the  Baptist  Society  dates  from  1871,  and 
was  effected  under  the  leadership  of  Deacon  T.  K.  Hovey,  who 
was  the  General  Missionary  at  that  time.  The  church  edifice 
erected  by  this  Society  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $2,500.  A  parsonage 
is  now  (1881)  in  process  of  erection.  Rev.  E.  H.  Hnrlbutt,  of  Jef- 
ferson City,  Mo.,  was  the  first  pastor,  and  was  succeeded  b}'-  Rev. 
T.  H.  Judson,  under  whose  pastorate  the  church  membership 
largely  increased.  The  Society  Avas  obliged  by  the  flood  to  move  the 
church  building  to  the  hill,which  with  other  expenses  consequently 
incurred,  will  involve  an  expenditure  of  $1,500.  The  church  mem- 
bership is  large,  and  the  attendance  upon  the  Sabbath  School  is 
about  one  hundred  pupils. 

In  1874:,  the  Scandinavian  Lutheran  Society  was  organized  by 
Rev.  G.  L.  Graven  and  George  Norbeck.  Their  churcli  building, 
which  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,  was  dedicated  in  the  autumn 
of  1874.     Rev.  G.  L.  Graven  preached  the  dedicatory  sermon.    Mr. 


VEEMTLLION.  213 


Graven  is  still  pastor  of  this  Society,  The  use  of  the  building  has 
been  freely  granted  to  the  Baptists,  Methodists  and  other  denom- 
inations.    The  Society  will  move  its  building  back  upon  the  hill. 

An  old  log  hut,  which  now  stands  in  the  hollow  at  Vermillion, 
was  the  first  school  building  erected  in  the  Territory.  It  was 
built  by  a  military  company  in  1864  or  '65,  of  logs,  with  a  sod 
roof.  The  building  was  also  used  for  church  purposes,  all  denom- 
inations being  privileged  to  enjoy  its  benefits.  The  first  church 
building  was  also  a  log  house,  built  before  the  old  school  house. 
Rev.  Mr.  Martin,  whose  memory  is  still  green  in  the  minds  of  old 
settlers,  used  to  preach  his  characteristic  sermons  in  this  building. 
The  first  teachers,  in  the  order  named,  were:  Amos  Shaw,  Miss 
Josephine  Moleaud  and  Hon.  John  L.  Jolley. 

The  present  public  school  building  was  erected  in  1873,  at  a  cost 
of  about  $3,000,  which  was  paid  by  taxation,  Capt.  Miner  donat- 
ing the  grounds.  The  schools  have  three  departments,  involving 
a  twelve-years*  course  of  study.  Present  corps  of  teachers:  S.  H., 
Seccombe,  Principal,  Mrs.  Seccombe,  Assistant;  Miss  Frederis 
Miner,  Primary  Department. 

Incense  Lodge  No.  2,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. — Charter  granted  in  1872 
This  Lodge  was  under  the  Iowa  dispensation  four  or  five  years  be- 
fore the  present  charter  was  granted.  Meetings  were  first  held  in 
Snyder  &  Bergman's  building,  which  was  destroyed  by  the  flood. 
The  Lodge  had,  however,  previously  moved  to  Macomber's  building, 
which  being  destroyed  by  fire,  occasioned  the  loss  of  a  great  por- 
tion of  their  paraphernalia.  The  Lodge  next  moved  into  Salmer's 
bailding.  where  the  first  session  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Dakota 
was  held.  Thence  the  Order  moved  to  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  which 
was  totally  destroyed  by  the  flood,  the  Lodge  at  this  time  losing 
all  of  its  efleets;  since  when  it  has  had  no  place  of  meeting.  Pres- 
ent officers:  Judson  Graves,  W.  M.;  Andrew  Amundson,  S.  W.; 
A.  E.  Lee,  J.  W.;  H.  B  Chaff-ee,  Secretary;  W.  D.  Gould,  Treas- 
urer. Charter  members:  A.  G.  Fuller,  W.  M.;  J.  C.  Duman,  S. 
W.;  H.  J.  Austin,  J.  W. — and  others. 

Vermillion  Lodge  No.  3,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  August, 
21st,  1872.  Meetings  were  first  held  in  Snyder  &  Bergman's  build- 
ing; thence  the  Lodge  moved  to  Macomber's  building,  losing  all 
their  eff'ects  when  that  property  was  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1874. 
The  Lodge  then  moved  into  Lewison's  Hall,  and  in  1879  erected 
Odd  Fellows'  Hall  at  a  cost  of  $1,200.     As  mentioned'above,  this 


214  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

hall  was  destroyed  by  the  flood,  and  the  Lodge  again  lost  nearly 
all  of  its  effects.  They  have  at  present  no  place  of  meeting.  Char- 
ter members  and  first  officers:  Finlay  McKercher,  N.  G.;  C.  B. 
Valentine,  V.G.  Jared  Runyon,  Sec'y ;  George  L.  Bellows,  Treasurer. 
The  Vermillion  Cornet  Band  consists  of  the  following  officers 
and  members:  T.  A.  Robinson,  President  and  Leader;  C.  F.  Oak- 
ley, Secretary;  G.  W.  Williams,  Treasurer;  L.  W.  Bell,  G.  W.  Ash- 
ard,  A.  M.  Anderson.  E.  J.  Hoffman,  W.  A.  Williams,  Ed.  Moulin, 
G.  L.  Beckett,  Frank  Beckett. 

OFFICIAL  DIKECTOKY. 

Mayor — F.  N.  Burdick. 
Aldermen — 1st  Ward,  S.  J.  Lewis. 

"  2d  Ward,  W.  W.  Demming. 

3d  Ward,  G.  G.  Porter. 

4tli  Ward,  A.  E.  Lee. 
"  5th  Ward,  Nick  Hansen. 

6th  AVard,  W.G.  Bower. 
CUrlc—C.  F.  Oakley. 
Treasurer — Martin  L.  Lewis. 
Marshal — Charles  Mills. 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

Attorneys — J.  L.  Jolley,  S.  J.  Lewis,  H.  A.  Copeland,  G.  B.  Bigelow. 

Boots  and  Shoes— S.  Hayward&  Son,  W.  F.  Earls. 

Blacksmiths— R.  T.  Comes,  Vaughn  Brothers.  A.  J.  Chan-lin. 

Bankers — D.  N.  Tnman  &  Co. 

Barber — G.  H.  Wheeler. 

Butter  and  Egg  Dealers-- Smith  &  Farr,  Lee  &Prentis. 

Confectioners— W .  A.  Paul,  J.  T.  White. 

Druggists— k.  Helgeson,  C.  C.  Eves,  G.  T.  Salmer. 

Denfisfs-^C.  A.  Maxson. 

Furnifure-^C.  Snyder. 

Flouring  Mill^Stunlcj  &  Lowrie. 

General  Merchandise— Lee  andPrentis,  B.  F.  Reeve,  H.  J.  H.  Lunde,  J.  W. 
Grange. 

Grocer— C.  F.  Miller. 

Hardware— K.  B.  Finley,  Barron  and  Ireeson,  Quarnbergand  Norelias. 

Hotels— Chni^d\er  House.  W.  C.  Chandler;  Sylvan  House,  C.  C.  Bridgnian. 

Insurance — S.  .J.  Lewis, 

Jewelers — Bridgman  <fe  Lotze. 

Livery— Esii-t  Brothers,  W.  W.  Demming. 

Lwmher—k.  H.  Lathrop,  M.  D.  Thompson. 

Milliners  and  Dress  Makers— Mrs.  A.  S.  Oakley,  Miss  M.  Knight,  Miss  Emma 
Maxson. 

Meat  Markets— Ct.  W.  Bower,  Hunn  and  Lowrie,  E.  Lackous. 

Newspaper— YevmWWon  Republican,  F.  N.  Burdick,  Editor  and  Proprietor, 

Photographer— Mr.  Butler. 


DAYISON    COUNTY.  215 


Physicians — F.  N.  Burdick,  C.  Call,  G.  S.  Agersbery. 

Postmaster-  C.  G.  Shaw. 

Stationer)/ — Bridg-man  and  Lotze. 

Stock  Dealers — Hansen  &  Dailey,  M.  D.Thompson,  Lee  &  Prentis. 


DAVISON  COUNTY. 

South  of  Miner  and  east  of  McCook,  is  Davison  County,  not  more 
remarkable  by  reason  of  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  and  the  beauty  of 
its  landscapes — characteristics  of  the  noted  James  River  Valley 
throughout — than  for  the  fact  that  it  contains,  as  its  County  Seat, 
the  growing  town  of  Mitchell — a  city  of  great  expectations  that  are 
being  rapidly  realized. 

The  first  settlements  of  Davison  County  date  from  about  the 
year,  1872.  John  Head  came  in  this  year,  and  built  the  first  frame 
house  in  the  county.  H.  C.  Green,  Israel  Green  and  Joseph  Piatt 
came  in  1873;  Luke  Lowell,  John  Lowell  and  Mr.  Norton,  in  1874; 
Martin  Blakesly,  Peter  Smith,  R.  F.  Allerton,  A.  S.  Curtis  and  A. 
J.  Curtis,  in  1875. 

The  officers  appointed  in  pursuance  of  the  organization  of  Davi- 
son County,  were:     Commissioners — John  Head,  Levi  Hain,  Luke 

W.  Lowell.     Sheriff— I.  M.  Tyrrell.     Clerk  and  Register 

Parkhurst.     Treasurer  and  Judge  of  Probate — John  Lowell.    Sur- 
veyor—I. Green. 

The  first  election  occurred  in  1878,  at  which  the  following  offi- 
cers were  elected:  Commissioners — A.  J.  Curtis,  Thomas  Watson, 
H.  C.  Green.  Sheriff— A.  S.  Curtis.  Cl-rk  and  Register— R.  F. 
Allerton.      Treasurer — John    Morris.      Surveyor — Israel    Green. 

Present  officers:  Commissioners — Thomas  Watson,  A.  J.  Cur- 
tis, Carl  Filers.  Sheriff-^T.  H.  Wilson.  Treasurer— H.  C.  Apple- 
gate.  Assessor — Charles  Huntington.  Clerk  and  Register — J.  K. 
Smith.  Superintendent  of  Schools — Rev.  E.  C.  Downs.  Judge  of 
Probate — L.  W.  Warren.     Surveyor — Israel  Green. 

The  remarks  elsewhere  concerning  other  localities  of  the  James 
River  Valley  are  equally  pertinent  to  Davison  County,  to  enter  into 
a  detailed  description  of  whose  soil,  and  its  characteristics,  would 
thereioie  be  needless  repetition. 


216  HISTORY    OF    SOriHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

MITCHELL. 

The  James  River  Valley  iu  Dakota,  in  which  the  thriving  town 
of  Mitchell  is  located,  has  been  settled  for  a  number  of  years  by  a 
few  people  who  were  attracted  to  this  section,  then  remote  from 
railroads,  by  the  great  fertility  of  the  soil  and  the  extent  aud  ex- 
ceedingly nutritious  quality  of  the  native  grasses.  Before  the  coni- 
ng of  the  C,  M.  &  St.  Paul  li.  R.,  Davison  and  other  counties  in 
the  James  River  Valley  were  organized;  while  the  population  was 
yet  sparse,  the  people  being  largely  engaged  in  stock-raising,  which 
was  then,  and  still  is  very  profitable. 

During  the  winter  of  1879,  it  was  understood  that  the  C,  M.  & 
St.  P.  Railway  Company  would,  during  the  following  season,  ex- 
tend the  Black  Hills  branch  of  its  road  to  the  James  River  in  D.  T. 
and  it  was  evident  that,  wherever  this  road  crossed  the  river,  there 
a  town  of  considerable  proportions  was  destined  to  spring  up. 
Many  believed  that  Rockport,  15  miles  south  of  Mitchell,  was  to  be 
the  favored  point,  and  consequently  located  there,  inaugurating  a 
period  of  anxious  waiting  for  the  expected  crossing  to  be  made. 
It  is  unnecessar}^  to  add  that  these  were  disappointed.  The  Com- 
pany decided  to  make  their  crossing  at  Firesteel,  and  about  this 
time,  M.  H.  Rowley  visited  this  section,  and  located  the  townsite 
of  Mitchell,  which  was  named  for  the  Hon.  Alexander  Mitchell, 
President  of  the  great  railway  corporation. 

About  the  1st  of  May,  1880,  the  first  train  of  cars  reached  Mitch- 
ell, at  that  time  only  a  few  months  old.  The  cars  brought  build- 
ing material,  merchandise  and  settlers,  and  the  new  town,  being 
pleasantly  located,  commenced  to  grow  rapidly.  All  kinds  of  trade 
were  soon  represen.ted,  and  a  lively  business  commenced,  which  has 
steadily  continued  to  improve,  until  a  pleasant  village  of  twelve 
hundred  people  has  sprung  up,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  a  splendid 
town. 

Among  the  first  settlers  of  Mitchell  were:  John  L.  Bowman, 
Smith  &  Farrow,  Wills  &  Co.,  R.  A.  Ketchum,  Mary  Green,  John 
Head.  John  Lowell,  Mr.  Manning,  Fred.  Kappos,  Bates  &  (-o.,  J. 
M.  Adams,  Johnson  Bros.,  Mr.  Hewitt,  J.  W.  Walsh,  and  others. 

The  first  family  to  locate  in  Mitchell  was  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  A. 
Cox,  and  next  came  M.  F.  Dunham  and  family.  The  postoffice 
was  established  December  15th,  1879,  with  J.  W.  Walsh  as  Post- 
master. The  Mitchell  Exchange  Bank  was  established  in  1880. 
Wm.  Van  Eps  established  the  first  store  in  December,  1879.     The 


MITCHELL.  217 


first  marriage  ceremony  to  take  place  in  Mitchell,  was  that  o£  C. 
G.  Wass  to  Jennie  Gibbens,  at  the  Mitchell  House,  January  24th, 
1880,  Rev.  Mr.  Mitchell  officiating.  The  first  death  was  that  of  a 
son  of  Mr.  J.  K.  iSmith,  in  July,  1880;  the  first  birth,  a  daughter, 
born  near  Firesteel,  August  18th,  1879,  to  Mrs.  Smith  Crippen. 

The  quality  of  well  water  at  Mitchell  is  excellent  and  easily 
obtained.  Some  unfailing  wells  of  good  water  are  found  at  a  depth 
of  twelve  feet,  but  in  other  places  wells  are  sunk  to  the  depth  of 
thirty  feet  before  a  sufficient  supply  of  water  is  obtained. 

Most  of  the  buildings  erected  in  Mitchell,  as  in  other  rapidly 
growing  western  towns,  are  constructed  of  wood.  Lumber  is  fur- 
nished at  low  figures  by  the  extensive  lumber  companies  doing 
business  here  and  elsewhere  along  the  line  of  the  railroad. 

The  town  is  located  on  the  west  half  of  section  21,  and  east  half 
of  section  22,  township  103,  range  60. 

Mitchell  was  incorporated  in  April,  1881,  and  the  following 
named  officers  elected:  Trustees — J.  J.  Devy,  James  S.  Foster,  P. 
T.  McGovern,  J.  L.  Davenport  and  A.  J.  La  Barre.  Treasurer — 
F.  E.  Moses.  Clerk— C.  W.  Taylor.  Marshal— Geo.  A.  Clark. 
Assessor — J.  H.  Green. 

The  railroad  facilities  of  Mitchell  are  good  now,  Avith  a  prospect 
of  better  in  the  near  future.  That  great  and  liberal  corporation, 
the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  &  S':.  Paul  Railroad  Compan}^  is  gridiron- 
ing  Dakota  with  railroads  to  meet  the  wants  of  this  rapidly  devel- 
oping section,  and  extending  its  mainline  westward  from  Mitchell 
toward  the  Black  Hills,  crossing  the  Missouri  River  at  Chamber- 
lain, seventy  miles  west  of  the  James  river.  Mitchell  is  the  end 
of  a  division  on  the  road,  and  the  Milwaukee  Company's  round- 
house, machine  shops,  and  car  repair  shops  are  located  here.  A 
line  of  road  is  to  be  built  at  an  early  day  by  this  company  from 
Yankton  to  Mitchell,  and  thence  up  the  river  to  the  Northern 
Pacific.  The  C.  &  N.  W.  Railway  Company  are  now  engaged  in 
the  survey  of  a  line,  which  will  ru.n  from  Sioux  City,  via  Mitchell, 
to  Huron. 

The  "Alex.  Mitchell"'  Hotel  is  a  product  of  the  enterprise  of  the 
present  year,  and  has  been  built  at  a  total  cost  o£  $25,000,  the 
building  alone  costing  $15,300.  There  are  seventy  sleeping  apart- 
ments. The  dimensions  of  this  building  are  112  by  87|  feet;  it  is 
three  stories  high,  has  a  dining  room  30  by  56  feet,  and  an  '"L"  16 
by  30  feet. 


218  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA 

P.  F.  Kennard,  of  Sioux  FjiIIs,  established  a  brick-yard  at 
Mitchell  during  the  present  year. 

Sehofield,  White  &  Co.  erected  during  the  past  season,  a  flouring 
mill  at  Mitchell,  at  a  cost  of  ^10,000.  It  is  a  three-story  frame 
building,  with  one  run  of  stone,  but  two  additional  run  of  stone 
will  shortly  be  made.  The  mill  is  situated  three  and  one-half 
miles  east  of  town.  It  is  run.  by  water-power,  and  has  all  the 
modern  machincr}'  for  making  the  patent  flour. 

A  United  States  Land  Office  was  established  at  Mitchell  in  18S0, 
and  does  an  amount  of  business  probably  surpassed  by  no  Land 
Office  in  the  country.  Col.  B.  F.  Campbell  and  Maj.  J.  M.  Wash- 
burn were  its  first  officers.  Its  present  officers  are:  Hon.  W^illiam 
Letcher,  Register;  Hon.  Hiram  Barber,  Jr..  Receiver. 

The  first  newspaper  published  in  Davison  County  was  the  Da- 
kota Mail,  which  was  started  at  Rockport,  with  J.  W.  Walsh  as 
the  editor.  After  its  removal  to  Mitchell,  the  name  of  the  paper 
was  changed  to  the  Mitchell  Capital.  Messrs.  Stockwell  &  Has- 
kell purchased  it  in  July,  1880,  and  converted  it  into  a  six-column 
quarto.  Its  publication  was  continued  until  March,  1881,  when 
S.  W.  Rathbun,  of  Marion,  Iowa,  purchased  Stockwell's  interest, 
and  shortly  afterwards,  Mr.  Haskell's  interest,  also.  Mr.  Rathbun 
is  now  the  editor  and  sole  proprietor. 

The  Mitchell  Repuhlican  was  established  in  1880,  with  Rec. 
Stanbery  as  editor  and  proprietor.  It  is  a  seven-column  quarto, 
published  every  Saturday.  Its  circulation  is  about  800,  and  it  is 
the  official  paper  of  the  county.  When  first  started,  it  was  pub- 
lished as  the  Western  Bugle. 

CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS    AND  SOCIETIES. 

The  first  terms  of  school  at  Mitchell  were  taught  in  the  winter 
of  1879-80,  with  H.  S.  Herrick  as  teacher,  in  the  building  known 
as  the  Presbyterian  Chapel.  The  present  building  was  erected  in 
1880,  and  cost  87,000.  It  is  a  frame  building,  and  has  four  depart- 
ments. As  yet,  but  two  teachers  are  employed,  viz:  Mrs.  C.  W. 
Taylor  and  Miss  Carrie  Johnson.  The  school  grounds  were  donat- 
ed by  the  l?ailroad  Company. 

The  Free  Methodist  Society  was  organized  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Sharp 
in  July,  1881.  Services  are,  for  the  present,  held  in  Wills  &  Co.'s 
Hall.  The  Society  will  shortly  build  an  edifice  on  lots  number  1, 
2,  3,  and  4,  in  block  1-1.  There  are  about  twelve  members.  The 
cost  of  the  proposed   building  will  be  about  81,000.     Rev.  Mr. 


MITCHELL.  219 


Sharp  is  the  pastor.  The  officers  of  the  Society  are:  Trustees — 
George  Johnson,  Sr.,  .J.  W.  Sharp,  L.  W.  Taylor.  Stewards — J. 
W.  Downs,  G.  Johnson,  A.  S.  Smith.     Class  Leader — G.  Johnson. 

The  Presbyterian  Society  was  organized  by  Rev.  A.  K.  Baird,  of 
Iowa,  in  October,  1879.  Services  are  held  in  the  Presbyterian 
Chapel.  The  Society  has  a  building  in  course  of  erection,  which 
will  cost  al)Out  13,000.  The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  M.  E.  Chapin, 
who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Taylor,  the- present  pastor.  The 
membership  is  about  twent3^-five.  First  Board  of  Trustees:  S.  F. 
Goodykoontz,  J.  C.  Christman,  M.  H.  Rowley.  Present  Board: 
S.  F.  Goodykoontz,  C.  W.  Taylor,  John  Helwig. 

The  Congregational  Society  was  organized  August  18th,  1881, 
by  Jay  Willman,  James  S.  Foster  and  J.  M.  Crary.  Services  are, 
for  the  present,  held  in  the  school  house.  '  Their  church  edifice 
was  expected  to  be  completed  by  Christmas  of  1881,  and  will  cost 
about  $2,000.  Church  officers:  Trustees— Jay  Willman,  James 
S.  Foster,  J.  M.  Crary.  Clerk— Mrs.  Dr.  Tatman.  Treasurer- 
Rev.  J.  R.  Reitzell. 

The  Episcopal  Society  was  organized  in  September,  1880,  by 
Bishop  Clarkson,  of  Omaha.  The  Society  was  originally  institut- 
ed at  Firesteel,  and  was  known  as  St.  Mary's  Mission.  It  was 
transferred  to  Mitchell  shortly  after  the  beginning  of  the  town. 
Their  church  building  in  Mitchell  was  completed  in  August,  1881, 
and  cost  $2,000.  Rev.  D.  A.  Sanford,  the  first  pastor,  continues  in 
charge  of  the  Society.  Church  officers:  Warden — 0.  R.  Betts. 
Secretary— H.  C.  Green.     Treasurer— Dr.  F.  Andros. 

The  Catholic  Church  Society  was  organized  in  1880.  Services 
are  held  in  a  building,  which  the  Society  uses  temporarily,  until 
the  erection  of  an  edifice  in  the  near  future,  which  is  to  be  built  at 
a  cost  of  $3,000.  First  Board  of  Trustees— John  Gleason,  P.  T. 
McGovern,  J.  L.  Davenport.     Present  Board:     John   Gleason,  P. 

T.  McGovern,  ■ Koch.     Rev.  M.  M.  McCarter  was  the  first 

pastor,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  Mr.  Tobin. 

The  Baptist  Society  has  not  as  yet  effected  a  permanent  organ- 
ization. They  expect  to  build  an  edifice  in  the  spring  of  1882. 
Services  are  held  in  the  school  house,  under  the  ministrations  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Coffman. 

An  Agricultural  Society  was  organized  in  Davison  County,  in 
1880.  Grounds  have  been  purchased  containing  a  half-mile  track. 
As  yet  no  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  has  been  held. 


220  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

Resursam  Lodge,  U.  D.,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Organized  in  July,  1881, 
under  dispensation  from  the  Grand  Master.  Charter  Members: — 
W.  L.  Warren,  A.  E. Hitchcock,  F.  Andros,  Charles  St.  John,  J. 
T.  Bradle3\  Freeman  Shultis,  John  Beattie,  Mr.  Kuowles,  Dr. 
Tremain,  Mr.  Rightson,  George  Clark,  Mr.  Blakely,  Thomas  Ors- 
well.  First  and  present  officers:  W.  L.  Warren,  VV.  M.;  A.  E. 
Hitchcock,  S.  W.;  F.  Andros,  J.  W.;  Mr.  Knowles,  Secretary; 
Thomas  Orswell,  Treasurer.  The  membership  is  about  twenty. 
Meetings  are  held  in  Odd  Fellows'  Hall. 

Chauka  Lodge  No.  21,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  April  26, 1880. 
Charter  members  and  first  officers:  J.  M.  Adams,  N.  G.;  A.  S.  Cur- 
tis, V.  G.;  T.  W.  D.  Orswell,  Secretary;  G.  H.  Rathman,  Treas- 
urer; H.  C.  Green,  A.  W.  Odell,  H.  Schwartz.  Present  officers: 
A.  W.  Odell,  N.  G.:A.  S.  Waterhouse,  V.  G.;  T.  E.  Moses,  P.  S.; 
J.  L.Bowman,  R.S.;  Dr.  H.  Half  hide.  Treasurer. 

Mitchell  Star  Lodge  No.  18,  I.  0.  G.  T.,  was  instituted  in  July, 
1881.  Charter  members:  E.  S.  Johnson,  George  Chatfield,  Guy 
Wellman,  George  A.  Clark,  F.  E.  Moses,  Mrs.  G.  Wellmau,  Mrs 
L.  W.  Adams,  Miss  Carrie  Johnson,  and  others.  At  present  the 
Lodge  has  no  regular  place  of  meeting.  First  officers:  E.  E.  John- 
son, W.  C;  Mrs.  G.  Wellman,  V.  C;  F.  E.  Moses,  R.  S.;  G.  A. 
Clark,  Lodge  Deputy.  Present  officers:  E.  S.  Johnson,  W.  C.;- 
Miss  Kittie  Blaine.  V.  C;  James  Williams,  Secretary;  Carrie  John- 
son, Treasurer.     The  Lodge  now  has  about  thirty  members. 

OFFICIAL   DIRECTORY. 

President— A.  J.  La  Barro. 

Councilmen — J.  J.  Devy,  James  Foster,  P.  T.  McGovem,  J.  L.  Davenport. 

Cleric— G.  W.  Taylor. 

Assessor — Harry  Green, 

Treasurer — F.  E.  Moses. 

Marshal— Ct.  A.  Clark. 

BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 

Attorneys. — Mizener  and  Haprer,  Faust  and  Waterhouse,  H.  C.  Preston, 
Johnson  Brothers,  G.  E.  Srhwhidt,  W.  L.  Warren.  W.  Abbey,  Kershaw,  Flagg- 
and  Doolittle,  Foster  and  nitehcock,  Windsor  and  Metcalf. 

Blacksmithing-  -MWh  and  Gillingham,  Curtis  and  Lott. 

Banks — Mitchell  Exchange,  Bank  of  Mitchell. 

Barbers — J.  L.  Cotton,  George  Smith. 

Brkh  Yard—Y.  T.  Kenyard. 

Carpenters — H.  II.  Calhoun,  Jacob  Wnght,  La  Barre  Brothers. 

Clothinfi — Fosdick,  TiUottson  and  Company. 

Coal  and  Lumber — Oshkosh  Lumber  Company,  F.  E.  Moses. 

Dentists— Dr.  J.  L.  Roberts.  Dr.  George  B.  Dix. 


HUTCHINSON   COUNTY.  221 


Druggists — Hammer  and  Hammer.  L.  0.  Gale. 

Furniture — M.  F.  Dunham. 

General  Merchandise — William  Van  Eps,   P.  T.  McGovern,  Weil  Brothers. 

Grocers — Knowles  and  Pittwood,  M.  Farron  and  Company,  Henry  Koch,  J. 
M.  Adams. 

Grain  and  Feed  Stores — Letcher  and  Fan-ow,  P.  Hartman,  Applegate  and 
Wilson. 

Hardtvare — Moore  and  Company,  L.  W.  Adams,  0.  R.  Betts. 

Harness — E.  Wedchase. 

Hotels — Alex.  Mitchell,  J.  L.  Davenport,  Sanboni  House,  Dakota  House, 
Gleeson  House,  Milwaukee  House,  Bradley  House. 

Liven/ — Walworth  and  Morrow,  Darling  and  Vanalstine,  Silas  Steward. 

Land  Agents — Distad  and  Devj-,  Windsor  and  Metcalf,  Mizener  and  Hager, 
Washburn  and  Currey,  Davenport  and  Beckett,  Johnson  Brothers,  Wan-en  and 
Schwindt,  Foster  and  Hitchcock,  L.  0.  Gale,  J.  J.  De^-y,  J.  C.  Tatman. 

Meat  Markets — Rowley  and  Indra,  Applegate  and  Wilson,  Jacob  Frantz. 

Millinery — Miss  Matie  Williams,  Mrs.  Silas  Steward,  Lillie  M.  Almy. 

Xeicspapers — Mitchell  Republican,  Rec  Stanberry  as  Editor  and  Proprietor; 
Mitchell  Capital,  S.  W,  Rathbun  as  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Ph;/sicians—W.  E.  Crane,  F.  Andros,  J.  C.  Tatman,  W.  W.  Cutting,  M. 
Halfhide. 

Postmaster — J.  W.  Walsh;  G.  B.  Walker,  assistant. 

Painters — C.  W.  Smith,  Martin  and  Adams. 

Stationery — Walker  and  Walsh. 

Saloons — R.  C.  Wills  &  Co.,  J.H.Green,  Ole  Arneson,  John  H.  Sulhvan, 
Wooden  Drake. 

Shoemaking — S.  P.  Leslie. 


HUTCHINSON  COUNTY. 

Hutchirson  County  was  one  of  the  several  counties  which  was 
organized  by  the  first  Legislative  Assembly.  It  lies  in  the  Da- 
kota or  James  River  Valley,  the  first  county'north  of  Yankton.  Its 
surface  is  gently  rolling  prairie  land.  The  soil  of  this  county  is 
similar  to  that  of  all  the  counties  lying  in  the  valley,  and  is  a  deep, 
dark  loam.  It  is  well  supplied  with  small  lakes  and  creeks  which  emp- 
ty into  the  James  River,  which  runs  through  the  county.  There  are 
a  number  of  good  water  powers  on  the  James  River,  in  this  county. 
Olivet,  the  County  Seat,  is  located  upon  the  banks  of  the  river, 
where  there  is  excellent  water-power.  Providence,  Milltown, 
Martell,  Wolf  Center,  Freeman,  Oak  Hollow,  Wittenberg,  Meno, 
Friedenhal,  Maxwell  and  Sharon,  are  other  settlements  in  this 
county. 


222  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

YANKTON  COUNTY. 

A  history  of  Y^ankton  and  Y^aiikton  County  is  necessaril}^  very 
largely  a  history  of  Dakota — particnlarly  of  Southeastern  Dakota 
— for  Yankton  has  so  long  been  the  "hub"  arouud  which 
Territorial  affairs  have  revolved,  that  it  is  impossible  to  think  of 
this  pioneer  settlement  in  a  limited  w^ay.  Y'^ankton  County  was 
organized  by  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  in  1862.  The  first 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Comity  Commissioners  was  held  June  2d, 
of  that  year.  As  a  matter  of  historical  importance,  and  for  con- 
venience of  reference,  we  append  at  the  outset  the  following  list  of 

COU.NTY  OFFICERS 

of  Yankton  County,  from  the  date  of  its  organization  to  the  present 
time: 

FIKST   OFFICERS. 

Justus  Townscnd,  Henry  Bradley,  Otis  B.  Wheeler,  Coirmiss'or.ers. 

William  Bortleno,  Register  of  Deeds. 

J.  R.  Hanson,  Probate  Judge. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  other  officers  for  that  year.  The  above, 
however,  were  sufficient  for  all  the  demands  of  public  business  at 
that  early  day.  Of  these  first  officers,  two,  Justus  Town&end  and 
Otis  B.  Wheeler,  have  left  the  Territory;  William  Bordeno  died  in 
Y'ankton  in  1876,  and  J.  R.  Hanson  and  Henry  Bradley  are  still 
residents  of  Yankton. 

1863  TO  1865. 

Otis  B.  Wheeler.  N.  W.  Berge,  D.  0.  Higley,  Commissioners. 

William  Miner,  Register  of  Deeds. 

Charles  F.  Rossteuscher,  Sheriff. 

James  M.  Stone,  Probate  Judge. 

Samuel  Grant,  J.  S.Presho,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

(reo.  N.  Propper,  County  Attorney. 

James  M.  Stone,  County  Surveyor. 

James  E.  Witherspoon,  Coroner. 

A.  D.  Fisher,  J.  B.  Greenvvay,  Constables. 

In  1863  no  general  county  ticket  was  chosen.  Charles  F.  Picotte 
and  Ole  Sampson  were  elected  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners, created  by  the  removal  from  the  Territory  of  Otis  B. 
Wheeler  and  D.  C.  Higley. 

1865  TO  1867. 

Charles  F.  Picotte,  W.  E.  Root,  Ole  Sampson,  Commissioners. 

C.  A.  Rossteuscher,  Register  of  Deeds. 

*Franklin  Bronson,  Sheriff. 

Henry  Brook-i,  Probata  Judge  and  ex-o.*ticio  County  Treasurer. 

Geo.  N.  Propper,  County  Surveyor. 


YANKTON   COUNTY.  223 


^Appointed  by  the  Board,  January  5th,  1865,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
created  by  the  failure  to  qualify  of  W.  H.  Werdebaugh,  Sheriff 
elect.  Mr.  Bronson  resigned  June  5th,  1865,  and  S.  C, Fargo  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  records  show  that  in  1865,  C.  F.  Picotte,  B.  M.  Smith  and 
W.  E.  Root  were  County  Commissioners;  Wm.  Bordeno,  Sheriff, 
J.  S.  Foster,  Coroner,  and  Henry  Brooks,  Treasurer. 

1867  TO  1869. 

B.  M.  Smith,  Felix  LeBlanc,  H.  C.  Ash,  Commissioners. 

J.  S.  Foster,  Register  of  Deeds. 

Charles  Van  Eps,  Sheriff. 

A.  G.  Fuller,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-offitio  County  Treasurer. 

James  A.  Hand,  County  Attorney. 

M.  K.  Armstrong,  County  Surveyor. 

A.  G.  Fuller,  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools. 

J.  W.  Evans,  Coroner. 

John  Stange,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Henry  Fisher,  William  Van  Osdel,  Constables. 

In  1868,  Bly  Wood,  Gr.  W.  Kingsbury  and  Warren  Osborne  were 
County  Commissioners,  and  M.  Fisher,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-officio 
County  Treasurer.  Mr.  Fisher  died  during  his  term  of  office,  and 
T.  W.  Brisbine  was  appointed  to  the  position. 

1869x0  1871. 

Geo.  W.  Kingsbury,  Warren  Osborne,  Milton  Morey,  Couim'ssioners. 

Geo.  Black,  Sheriff. 

J.  S.  Foster,  Register  of  Deels. 

T.  W.  Brisbine,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-officio  (bounty  Treasurer. 

M.  Hoyt,  Superintendent  of  Schools. 

G.  C.  Mo^dy,  County  Attorney. 

Richard  Dawson,  Coroner. 

In  1870,  Joel  A.  Potter  was  elected  a  County  Commissioner  in 
place  of  Geo.  W.  Kingsbury,  whose  term  expired,  but  he  failed  to 
qualify,  and  Newton  Edmunds  was  appointed  in  his  place.  The 
Commissioners  for  that  year  were  Chas.  Eiseman,  Clark  West  and 
Newton  Edmunds. 

In  the  official  roster  of  that  year  the  names  of  David  DeVol  and 
Richard  Dawson  appear  as  Coroners. 

1871  TO  1873. 

Chas.  Eiseman,  Clark  West,  S.  D.  Presba,*  Commissioners. 

Erick  Iverson,  Register  of  Deeds. 

Stephen  Flick,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-otficio  County  Treasurer. 

Henry  Fisher,  Sheriff. 

O.B.  Orton,  County  Attorney. 

Joseph  Ward,  Superintendent  of  Schools. 


< 


QS'l  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

R.  Dawson,  Coroner. 

Lewis  Oliver,  Charles  Shepardson,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

L.  Lawrence,  T.  Wclby,  Constables. 

*Resigned  January,  10th,  1871,  and  Newton  Edmunds  was  ap- 
pointed to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  Sheritf,  Henry  Fisher,  died  daring  his  term  of  office,  and  L. 
W.  Case  was  appointed  by  the  Commissioners  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term. 

At  the  election  in  the  fall  of  1871,  J,  J.  Thompson  was  elected 
Commissioner  in  place  of  Clark  West,  and  Geo.  B.  Hoffman  in  the 
place  of  Newton  Edmunds,  and  the  Board  for  the  succeeding  year 
was  Eiseman,  Thompson  and  Hoffman. 

1873  TO  1875. 

Charles  Eiseman,  John  J.  Thompson,  Geo.  B.  Hotfinan,  Commissioners. 

Erick  Iverson,  Rej^ister  of  Deeds. 

Stephen  Flick,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-offic!o  County  Treasurer. 

L.  W.  Case,  Sheriff. 

P.  K.  Faulk,  County  Attorney. 

W.  B.  Valentine,  Assessor. 

Joseph  Ward,  Superintendent  of  Schools. 

J.  W.  Wheeler,  Coroner. 

C.  C.  P.  Meyer,  Surveyor. 

In  1873,  J.  A.  Potter  was  elected  Commissioner  in  place  of  G.  B. 
Hoffman,  and  the  following  were  elected  to  fill  vacancies:  Asses- 
sor, J.  H.  Haskell;  Superintendent  of  Schools,  F.  M.  Ziebach;  Cor- 
oner, W.  F.  Eldridge;  Justices  of  the  Peace,  E.  T.  White,  C.  S. 
West,  J.  L.  Foskett.  F.  M.  Ziebach  did  not  qualify  as  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools,  and  W.  F.  Eldridge  was  appointed  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy.    S.  A.  Bentley,  Joseph  Chladek,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

1875  TO  1S77. 

Charles  Eiseman,  J.  A.  Potter,  Daniel  Wilcox,  Commissioners. 

Erick  Iverson,  Register  of  Deeds. 

F.  Schnauber,  Probate  Judge  and  ex-officio  County  Treasurer. 

M.  A.  Baker,  Sheriff. 

J.  R.  Gamble,  County  Attorney. 

Nathan  Ford,  Superintendent  of  Schools. 

D.  F.  Etter,  Coroner. 

M.  T.  Wooley,  County  Surveyor. 
'     *.-  ^^  T.  W.  Brisbine,  J.  A.    Hand,  Peter  Hubcr.   K.  C.  Walton,  Justices  of  the 
/"^         Peace. 

Theo.  Mnmme,  (i.  M.  Tarbox,  M.  Hoft'richter,  P.  C.  Conway,  Constables. 

1877  TO  1X7!). 
'      W.  B.  Valentine,  M.  P.  Ohlman,  Daniel  Wilcox.  Commissioners. 
Ephriam  Miner,  Regisiter  of  Deeds. 


YANKTON"   COUNTY.  225 


Fred  Sclinauber,  Treasurer. 

P.  K.  Faulk,  County  Attorney. 

Herman  Ellerraan,  Assessor. 

M.  A.  Baker,  Sheriff. 

James  A.  Hand,  Probate  Judge. 

Joseph  Peir,  G.  W.  Roberts,  E.  T.  White,  H.  Raynor,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

T.  Mumme,  A.  L.  Hinman,  A.  Wood,  E.  R.  Holland,  Constables. 

1879  TO  1881. 
Ole  Sampson,  W.  B.  Valentine,  William  Blatt,  Commissioners. 

E.  Miner,  Register  of  Deeds. 

F.  Sclinauber,  County  Treasurer. 
M.  A.  Baker.  Sheriff. 
Herman  Ellerman,  Assessor. 

L.  Congleton,  Probate  Judge. 

D.  F.  Etter,  Coroner. 

G.  W.  Roberts,  E.  T.  White,  Andrew  Stranne,  S.  W.  Howe,  Justices  of  the 
Peace. 

James  A.  Hardin,  Gus.  Swanson,  Peter  Franz,  T.  Ganderson,  Co:nmis3ion3rs 

PKESEXT   OFFICERS. 
Ole  Sampson,  £.  E.  Hudson,  W.  B.  Valentine,  Commissioners. 
Peter  Royem,  Register  of  Deeds. 
Joseph  Peir,  Treasurer. 
M.  A.  Baker,  Sheriff. 
John  Aaseth,  Assessor. 
L.  Congleton,  Probate  Judge. 

E.  D.  Palmer,  Surveyor. 

T.  S.  Dixon,  Supeiintendent  of  Schools. 

G.  W.  Roberts,  L.  Fletcher,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

Yankton  County  is  one  of  the  south'eru  tier,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Hutchinson  and  Turner,  on  the  east  by  Clay  and 
Turner,  on  the  south  by  Nebraska,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  west  by  Bon  Homme.  It  extends 
twenty-four  miles  east  and  west,  and  about  the  same  distance 
north  and  south.  Its  genieral  features  are  the  same  as  the  other 
counties  bordering  on  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  strip  of  bot- 
tom lands  extending  along  the  river,  varying  in  width  from  a  few 
rods  to  several  miles,  the  remainder  being  rolling  prairie,  well 
adapted  to  pasturage  or  tillage. 

The  soil  is  a  rich  sandy  loam,  very  fertile,  and  produces  well  any 
kind  of  grain  or  vegetables,  usually  grown  in  this  latitude. 

The  climate  is  healthful  and  pleasant,  the  winters  being  gener- 
ally not  so  long  as  in  the  same  latitude  in  New  England,  and  usu- 
ally quite  mild  until  near  January,  about  which  time  occasionally 
severe  storms  occur,  and  which  last  for  a  few  days  only,  succeeded 


226  HISTORY   OF    SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

by  several  weeks  of  fair  weather.  The  springs  generally  commence 
early  in  March,  the  Missouri  River  breaking  up  soon  after  the 
midfUe  of  this  month,  and  by  the  first  of  April,  farmers  have  gen- 
erally finished  sowing  their  wheat  and  oats.  The  summer  weather 
is  not  hot  and  sultry,  owing  to  the  pleasant  breezes  which  invari- 
ably spring  up  in  prairie  countries,  some  time  in  the  forenoon  and 
continue  through  the  day.  The  evenings  are  generally  cool  and 
pleasant.  The  rainy  season  of  Dakota  usually  comes  in  the  month 
of  June,  but  showers  are  frequent  during  the  spring  and  summer. 
It  is  a  fixed  fact  however,  that  there  is  much  less  cloudy  weather 
at  Yankton,  than  in  Central  New  York.  The  climate  is  usually 
healthy,  fevers  and  lung  diseases  not  being  frequent  among  those 
who  have  long  breathed  the  pure  air  of  Dakota. 

The  greatest  portion  of  the  timber  of  Yankton  County  is  to  be 
f  ouna  along  the  Missouri  River,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county, 
but  considerable  timber  is  also  to  be  found  in  ravines,  running  out 
from  the  Missouri  and  James  Rivers. 

The  Missouri  River  washes  the  entire  southern  boundary,  while 
the  James  River  runs  diagonally  across  the  county  from  northwest 
to  southeast.  The  James  River  has  numerous  creeks  emptying 
into  it,  the  most  important  of  which  is  Beaver  Creek,  six  miles 
north  of  Yankton.  Springs  are  common  along  the  bluffs,  which 
border  on  the  bottom  lands  along  the  rivers,  many  of  which  are 
the  sources  of  streams  of  considerable  size.  Good  wells  of  excel- 
lent water  are  generally  easily  found  on  the  bottoms,  by  digging 
from  ten  to  twenty  feet,  and  on  the  uplands,  from  fifteen  to  thirty 
feet.  Plenty  of  stone  for  building  purposes  can  be  found  on  the 
table  lands.  Wells  are  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  deep  in  the  city  of 
Yankton.  The  building  stone  of  Yankton  is  one  of  its  peculiar 
features.  It  is  a  species  of  soft  lime-stone,  called  ''chalk-stone," 
because,  ivhen  first  quarried,  it  is  as  soft  as  chalk,  and  can  be  used 
for  marking,  like  chalk.  It  can  be  readily  sawed  into  shape  for 
building,  or  hewn  with  an  ax.  When  exposed  to  the  weather,  it 
becomes  harder,  and  makes  a  perfectly  solid  wall,  much  cheaper 
than  brick;  and  when  properly  put  up  and  ornamented,  makes  a 
beautiful  house,  resembling  granite.  This  stone  is  found  in  inex- 
haustible quantities  within  half  a  mile  of  the  city  of  Yankton.  A 
large  grist  mill  and  several  elegant  residences  have  been  constructed 
of  this  material. 


YAXKTOX  227 


YANKTON 


Much  that  might  be  here  written,  concerning  Yankton,  the  Cap- 
ital of  Dakota,  and  the  County  Seat  of  Yankton  County,  has 
already  been  consigned  to  the  tender  mercies  of  the  infallible  com- 
positor, and  appears  in  preceding  portions  of  this  work.  When 
Yankton  became  the  Capital,  and  under  what  circumstances,  are 
elsewhere  shown,  as  also,  necessarily,  in  rhe  development  of  the 
series  of  facts,  which  have  gone  to  make  up  the  settlement  of 
Southeastern  Dakota,  many  other  circumstances  attending  the 
early  period  of  Yankton's  being  and  surroundings. 

Yankton  had  its  inception  in  a  steamboat  landing  and  a  small 
trading-house,  in  1857.  The  first  real  settlement  began  in  1859, 
as  soon  as  the  Indians  were  removed.  George  D.  Fiske.  Francis 
Chappel,  Enos  Stutsman,  D.  T.  Bramble  and  Gren.  Todd  were 
among  the  first  white  occupants  of  the  site  of  Yankton.  Mrs.  H. 
C.  Ash  was  the  first  white  woman  who  came  to  Yankton  to  reside. 
Mr.  Ash  was  proprietor  of  the  first  hotel  in  Yankton. 

The  city  is  located  in  township  93,  ranges  55  and  56,  and  con- 
tains in  the  neighborhood  of  5,000  inhabitants.  It  is  in  reality — 
what  is  often  said  of  less  favored  localities,  merely,  perhaps,  because 
it  has  a  pleasant  ring — "beautifully  situated"  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  Missouri  River,  in  the  midst  of  a  prairie  country,  on  a  level 
plateau  above  the  bottom  lands,  and  out  of  floods,  yet  surrounded 
by  gently  sloping  hills.  The  location  surpasses  any  on  the  river; 
its  environment  is  enviable;  around  it  on  three  sides  are  fertile 
upland  prairies  of  the  county  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  while 
southward,  across  the  river  in  Nebraska,  stretches  the  broad  valley 
of  the  Missouri,  heavily  timbered,  and  back  of  this  again,  the  roll- 
ing prairie  of  Cedar  County,  which  is  tributary  to  Yankton. 

About  1.200  acres  of  land  have  been  platted  and  recorded.  The 
streets,  running  east  and  west,  are  80  feet  wide,  those  running  north 
and  south  are  broad  avenues  of  100  and  130  feet.  Third,  Capitol 
and  Broadway  streets  are  devoted  largely  to  business,  and  two  and 
three  story  brick  buildings  predominate. 

For  eight  years  Yankton,  although  the  Capital  of  the  Territory, 
did  not  thrive  rapidly.  The  frontier  was  kept  in  a  constant  state 
of  excitement  in  consequence  of  the  Indian  wars.  Dakota  was  also 
suffering  from  the  eflects  of  a  severe  drouth,  which  lasted  several 
months  and  discouraged  many  of  the  settlers.     But  the  cloud  that 


228  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

had  hung  over  the  Northwest  for  a  number  of  years,  at  length 
passed  away,  and  the  sunlight  of  prosperity  shone  upon  Dakota, 
and  her  Capital  City  began  to  improve. 

The  town,  therefore,  may  not  be  said  to  have  actually  begun  its 
growth  until  as  late  as  1866,  It  has,  within  the  past  fifteen  or  six- 
teen years,-  attained  a  position  of  commanding  influence  in  the 
Northwest,  while  its  relation  to  the  Upper  Missouri  trade,  to  pre- 
sent and  future  railway  traffic,  the  agricultural  and  chief  commer- 
cial and  material  interests  of  the  Territory,  give  it  great  prospect- 
ive importance.  Yankton  cannot  fail  to  become  an  important 
railroad  center.  Its  location  and  surroundings  are,  in  themselves, 
a  permanent  fortune. 

In  September,  1862,  the  Sioux  Indian  war,  entailing  the  gravest 
alarm,  and  retarding  the  settlement  of  the  entire  Southeastern  Da- 
kota, Yankton  became  a  place  of  refuge  for  the  frightened  pioneers 
and  their  families.  The  publication  of  the  paper  at  Yankton  was 
suspended.  A  stockade  was  constructed  around  the  printing  office, 
where  Broadway  now  intersects  Third  Street,  and  F.  M.  Ziebach, 
of  the  Dakotaian,  w^as  made  Commander  in  Chief  of  all  the  armies 
of  "  Fort  Yankton,"  while  G.  W.  Kingsbury,  his  partner,  served 
as  an  humble  private  in  the  ranks.  Sixty  Yanktonians  constitut- 
ed the  guard  for  three  or  four  weeks,  and  the  Indians  gave  them  a 
wide  berth.  In  course  of  time  the  Indians  became  settled  on  the 
reservations,  and  desisted  from  meddling  with  the  jirogress  of 
events.  Old  troubles  were  forgotten,  and  settlers  began  to  take 
up  the  rich  lands  adjoining  Yankton.  Up  to  1875,  the  settlements 
were  mainly  confined  to  the  southeast  and  northwest  corners  of  the 
Territory,  and  probably  fifty  thousand  people  came  into  Dakota. 
The  Black  Hills  excitement  brought  thousands  imd  advertised  the 
Territory.  About  this  time  the  large  wheat  farms  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  belt  began  to  attract  universal  attention,  and  there  was 
a  steady  flow  of  immigration  to  the  northeast,  southeast  and  south- 
west. The  valleys  of  the  Red,  Big  Sioux,  Vermillion  and  James 
Rivers,  were  the  favorite  resorts,  together  with  the  pine-clad  hills 
of  the  mineral  regions. 

In  the  meantime,  Yankton  grew  apace.  About  the  month  of 
June,  1871. 

THE    DAKOTA    SOUTHERN    RAILROAD    COMPANY 

was  chartered.     The  first  Bjard  of  Directors  of  this   Company, 
which  proved  to  be  the  entering  wedge  which  was  to  open  up  pos- 


YANKTON.  229 


sibilities  even  grander  than  were  dreamed  of  at  the  time,  was  com- 
posed of  the  following  gentlemen:  J.  M.  Stone,  W.  W.  Brook- 
ings, J.  R.  Hanson,  N.  Edmunds,  D.  T.  Bramble,  Greorge  Whet- 
more  and  W.  A.  Burleigh.  J.  M.  Stone  was  the  President,  J.  R. 
Hanson,  Secretary  of  the  Board.  In  September,  1871,  Burleigh, 
Stone,  Brookings  and  Whetmore  visited  Chicago  for  the  purpose  of 
conferring  with  parties  representing  sufficient  capital  to  carry  on 
the  enterprise,  and  were  so  successful  as  to  be  enabled  to  enter  into 
a  contract  with  responsible  gentlemen  for  the  construction  of  the 
road. 

At  the  election  in  October,  1871,  Stone,  Brookings,  Burleigh, 
Whetmore,  Weston  and  Bramble  were  elected  Directors;  W.  W. 
Brookings  was  chosen  President,  Weston,  Superintendent,  and 
Hanson,  Secretary. 

In  December,  1872,  C.  G.  Wicker,  J.  H.  Wicker,  J.  S.  Heck- 
ling, W.  W.  Brookings,  J.  M.  Stone  and  J.  A.  Burbank  were  elected 
Directors:  C.  G.  Wicker,  President;  W.  W.  Brookings,  Vice  Presi- 
dent; J.  S.  Meckling,  Superintendent;  J.  R.  Hanson,  Secretary. 
These  last  officers  continued  as  such  for  several  years.  During 
1877  and  1878,  W.  W.  Brookings  was  Solicitor  for  the  road. 

The  Sioux  City  &  Pembina  Rciilroad  Company  was  organized  in 
Sioux  City,  and  was  consolidated  with  the  Dakota  Southern  Road 
in  the  latter  part  of  1878,  or  the  first  of  1879,  under  the  name  of 
the  Sioux  City  &  Dakota  Railroad  Company.  The  two  roads,  thus 
consolidated,  were  sold  to  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road Company,  in  1881. 

Judge  W.  W.  Brookings,  of  Sioux  Falls,  is  still  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  and  the  only  one  now  left  in  Dakota,  liaving 
been  a  Director  of  the  original  Company — the  Dakota  Southern — 
from  its  organization  to  the  consolidation  with  the  Sioux  City  & 
Pembina,  resulting  into  the  absorption  of  that  Road  by  the  Mil- 
waukee Company — and  having  served  as  President,  Vice-President, 
Solicitor  and  Attorney.  The  first  locomotive  that  ever  entered 
Dakota  was  named  the  "Judge  Brookings.''  It  is  now  the  "Brook- 
ings No.  327 "  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St  Paul  Railroad 
Company.  It  is  but  due  the  veracity  of  history,  to  state  that  the 
conception  of  the  organization  and  building  of  the  first  railroad  in 
Dakota,  was  Judge  W.  W.  Brookings',  and  this  was  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Dakota  Southern.  Judge  Brookings  also  sug- 
gested the  name  of  the  Road,   and  to  the  liberality  of  Yanktcn 


230  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

County  is  due  the  buildin<y  of  the  Road,  although,  in  order  to  get 
it,  J.  M.  Stone  and  Judge  Brookings  had  to  mortgage  all  their  pri- 
vate property.  Inquiries  directed  to  those  best  in  position  to  know, 
develop  the  fact  that  to  Judge  W.  W.  Brookings,  more  than  to 
any  other  one  man,  Dakota  owes  the  beginning  of  her  railroad  sys- 
tem, which  has  already  grown  to  so  great  proportions,  and  the  con- 
tinuance of  whose  growth  seems  limitless.  While  paying  this  de- 
served tribute  to  one  of  Dakota's  most  active  and  enterprising  citi- 
zens, it  affords  pleasure  to  the  editor  of  this  work — who  is  equally 
v^ell  pleased  to  acknowledge  the  many  obligations  under  which  he 
rests  to  the  distinguished  gentleman,  for  material  facts  furnished 
by  him  in  furtherance  of  the  arduous  labor  attached  to  a  history  of 
this  kind — to  append  the  following  pertinent  remarks  concerning 
Judge  Brookings,  by  a  well  known  journalist,  in  the  Centennial 
year: 

"  Judge  W.  W.  Brookings,  one  of  the  dozen  first  white  men  who 
ever  came  to  the  Territory  for  settlement,  ex-Associate  Justice, 
Speaker  of  the  House  and  President  of  the  Territorial  Senate,  half 
a  dozen  times  a  meml)er  of  both  branches  of  its  Legislature,  and 
always  a  leading  and  inspiring  man  in  every  movement  for  the  ad- 
vance of  the  social,  intellectual  and  material  interests  of  Dakota,  is 
a  man  to  be  honored  and  remembered.  Of  genial  social  temper, 
liberal  views,  clear  and  quick  perceptions,  good  judgments,  gener- 
ous impulses  and  great  working  power,  he  has  been  able  to  do  more 
for  the  Territory  than  any  man  within  its  borders.  Judge  Brook- 
ings is  a  man  of  very  generous  intellectual  culture,  passed  his  col- 
lege days  at  old  Bowdoin  and  has  not  forgotten  his  Ama  Mater.  He 
never  forgets  anything.  He  is  alike  versatile  in  knowledge  and  its 
uses.  He  is  the  railroad  genius  of  the  Territory,  inspired  the  build- 
ing of  a  road  to  Yankton  several  years  before  it  would  have  come 
of  its  own  volition,  and  is  now  its  Vice-President.  His  fertile 
brain  is  full  of  embryo  railroads,  audit  won't  be  long  till  some  of 
them  are  sprung  into  realities.  I  like  this  man  for  his  social  ways, 
his  working  powers  and  public  spirit,  and  shall  be  glad  to  know  more 
of  him." 

The  impetus  given  by  railroad  enterprise,  to  the  embryo  city  of 
Yankton,  was  destined  to  last,  and  its  growth,  while  it  has  not 
been  of  a  spasmodic  character,  has,  nevertheless,  been  in  the  main 
entirely  satisfactory.  Of  late,  the  city  has  taken  unto  itself  a  new 
and  highly  gratifying  "boom,"  and  it  has  become  more  and  more 


YAXKTON.  231 


apparent  that,  whatever  may  befall   other  localities,  the  city  of 
Yankton  is,  in  a  commercial  sense,  "founded  upon  a  rock." 

The  city  government  consists  of  a  Mayor,  and  eight  Aldermen, 
one  City  Marshal  and  assistants,  a  City  Clerk,  "City  Treasurer,  Po- 
lice Justice  and  other  city  officers.  The  finances  of  the  city  are  in 
good  condition,  the  city  being  clear  of  debt  and  money  in  the  treas- 
ury. The  rate  of  taxation  is  not  burdensome,  but  the  accumula- 
tions in  the  treasury  are  owing  to  a  judicious  and  economical 
administration  of   municipal  affairs. 

THE  YANKTOlSr  AND  LE  MARS  RAILROAD    COMPANY. 

A  later  enterprise — one  which  belongs  to  the  present,  and  which 
seems  to  be  in  a  fair  way  to  fruition — is  that  of  the  Yankton  and 
Le  Mars  Railroad  Company,  the  object  of  which  is  the  construction 
of  a  line  of  railway  to  make  connection  with  the  < '.,  M.,  St.  P.  & 
O.,  and  the    Illinois  Central   Railroads,  at  or  "near  Le  Mars,  Iowa. 
The  articles  of  organization,  of   this  Company,  were  filed  Octo- 
ber 13th,  1881.     The  meeting  of  the  Directors  for  organization 
was  held  October  18th.      The  books  of  the  Company  were  opened 
for  subscriptions,  and  a  soliciting  committee  is  busily  engaged  in 
disposing  of  the  stock.     There  appears  to  be  little  or  no  difficulty  in 
connection  with   the  right  of  way,  the  inhabitants  all   along  the 
proposed  line  manifesting  an  anxiety  to  afford  all  reasonable  aid  to 
tha  project.     Yankton  and  Yankton  people  have  taken  hold  of  the 
matter  with  a  will,  and  energetic  endeavors  are  co-operated  in,  most 
harmoniously.     It  is  the  evident  determination,  on   all  sides,  to 
push  the  enterprise  through  to  a  successful  termination.     The  ad- 
vantages which  will  accrue  from  this  new  route,  are  too  self-evi- 
dent to  require   examination  in  detail.     Other  railroad  plans  and 
probabilities  in  connection  with   Yankton,  are  set  forth  elsewhere 
in  their  proper  relations   to  the  communities   whose  interests  they 
effect.     The  central  office  of  the  Company  is  at  Yankton,  and  the 
following  are  its  officers:     Directors — S.  B.  Coulson,  President;  E. 
E.  Hudson,  Vice  President;  C.  J.  B.  Harris,  Secretary;  G.  R.  Scou- 
gal.  Treasurer;  J.  L.  Pennington,  General   Superintendent;  J.  R. 
Sanborn,  J.  E.  Bruce,  M.  P.  Ohlman,  G.  E.  Hawley,  H.  F.  Jencks 
A.  W.  Howard,  D.  F.  Etter,  J.  W.  C.  Morrison. 

RIVER  NAVIGATION. 

Yankton  does  a  larger  steamboat  business  than  any  other  city 
on  the  Missouri  River.  A  large  fleet  of  boats  owned  by  three  dif- 
ferent companies  winter  here,  and  many  of   the  boats  are  repaired 


232  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

during  the  winter  on  the  steamboat  ways  which  have  been  erected 
in  this  city  for  that  purpose.  Some  idea  of  the  amount  of  busi- 
ness done  can  be  formed  when  you  know  that  there  are  about 
forty  steamboats  engaged  in  the  river  traffic  wliich  operate  from 
Yankton,  carrying  freight  and  passengers  to  the  military  posts , 
Indian  Agencies,  the  Black  Hills  and  other  points  up  the  Missouri 
River. 

STAGE  ROUTES  FROM  YANKTON. 

From  Yankton,  stage  lines  run  out  in  all  directions,  carrying 
the  mails  and  passengers.  The  principal  stage  line  runs  up  the 
Missouri  River,  through  Bon  Homme,  Springfield,  Yankton  Agency, 
Fort  Randall  and  Fort  Pierre,  thence  up  the  river  to  Bismarck, 
also  on  the  Missouri  River,  the  western  terminus  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  This  stage  runs  daily  to  Springfield  with  covered 
four-horse  coaches. 

The  James  River  route  runs  a  daily  stage  from  Yankton,  to 
Mitchell,  through  Utica,  Lesterville.  Odessa,  Scotland,  Milltown, 
Martella,  Rockport  and  Rosedale,  to  Mitchell,  75  miles  up  the  Da- 
kota River.  And  from  Mitchell  to  Jamestown  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad,  a  semi-weekly  mail  passes  up  the  beautiful  valley 
of  the  Dakota  River,  a  distance  of  about  200  miles. 

Stages  run  across  the  country  intersecting  these  lines  already 
mentioned,  so  that  a  person  can  easily  reach  any  desired  locality. 

YANKTON    NEWSPAPERS. 

The  Press  and  Dakoiaian. — The  WeeMij  Dakofaian  was  first 
published  June  6th,  1861,  by  the  Dakotaian  Printing  Company — 
F.  M.  Ziebach  being  the  Company  aforesaid.  J,  C.  Trask  bought 
the  Dakotaian  of  Ziebach  in  March,  1862,  and  was  made  the  first 
Public  Printer  of  Dakota.  Trask  did  the  printing  for  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly,  .and  after  the  session,  sold  to  George  W. 
Kingsbury.  Ziebach  subsequently  became  a  partner  in  the  busi- 
ness. During  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature,  Kingsbury  & 
Ziebach  became  Public  Printers,  and  held  possession  of  the  Dako- 
taian until  May  26th,  1863,  when  it  passed  into  the  sole  possession 
of  Kingsbury. 

Beginning  with  the  issue  of  March  29th,  1861,  A]l)ert  Gore  be- 
came the  editor  of  the  paper,  with  Kingsbury  as  the  publisher. 
Kingsbury  withdrew  May  31st,  1864. 

June  2Jst,  1864,  Kingsbury  started  the  Dakota  Union,  with 
Hon,  M.  K.  Armstrong  as  the  editor.     The  publication  of  the  pa- 


YANKTON.  233 

per  was  suspended  in  the  middle  of  August  following.  November 
19th,  lS6i,  the  Union  and  the  Dakotaian  were  consolidated,  with 
Kingsbury  as  the  publisher  and  Armstrong  as  the  editor.  Arm- 
strong's connection  as  the  editor  ceased  with  the  issue  of  January 
7th,  1865,  and  Kingsbury  took  sole  charge  of  the  paper,  which 
was  thus  conducted  until  September  Ith,  1869,  when  Kingsbury 
sold  to  James  S.  Foster  and  Charles  H.  Mclntyre,  who  ran  it  under 
the  firm  name  of  Mclntyre  &  Foster.  April  Tth,  1870,  Arthur 
Linn  became  interested  in  the  concern,  the  firm  then  becoming 
Mclntyre,  Foster  &  Linn.  The  next  issue,  Linn  became  sole  pro- 
prietor. Linn  conducted  the  paper  until  November,  12th,  1873. 
£  August  10th,  1870,  the  Yankton  Press  was  started  by  the  Yank- 
ton Press  Publishing  Company,  and  edited  by  Hon,  George  H. 
Hand.  Mr.  Hand  retired  November  2d,  1870,  and  J.  M.  Stone  and 
and  Kingsbury  became  the  editors  and  publishers.  Stone  with- 
drew July  30th,  1873,  and  was  succeeded  by  S.  V,  Clevenger.  INo- 
vember  12th,  1873,  the  Union  and  Dakotaian  and  the  Yankton 
Press  were  consolidated,  Linn  retiring,  and  E.  M.  Brown,  Kings- 
bury and  Clevenger  assumed  control. 

The  present  heading  of  the  weekly  edition  of  the  Press  and  Da- 
kotaian was  adopted  December  4th,  1873.  Kingsbury  sold  to 
Clevenger  his  interest  in  the  paper,  which  was  then  run  by  Clev- 
enger and  Brown,  up  to  May  21st,  1874,  Avhen  W.  P.  Dewey 
bought  Brown's  interest,  the  firm  becoming  Dewey  &  Clevenger. 
August  27th,  1874,  A.  W.  Barber  succeeded  Dewey,  the  firm  becom- 
ing Clevenger  &  Barber.  December  5th,  1874,  W.  S.  Bowen  and 
Kingsbury  took  possession,  under  the  firm  name  of  W.  S.  Bowen 
&  Co.,  and  August  7th,  1875,  Kingsbury  took  a  half-interest  in  the 
establishment,  the  firm  name  being  then  changed  to  Bowen  & 
Kingsbury.  The  first  daily  edition  of  the  Press  and  Dakotaian 
was  issued  April  26th,  1875.  The  Press  and  Dakotaian  is  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  and — both  daily  and  Aveekly — is  a  highly  credit- 
able publication. 

The  Dakota  Heraltl. — The  Herald  was  established  in  February, 
1872,  by  Maris  Taylor  and  T.  F.  Singiser,  the  firm  name  being 
Taylor  &  Singiser.  Singiser  remained^ in  the  firm  about  one  year, 
when  Taylor  Bros. — Maris  Taylor  and  James  Taylor — took  posses- 
sion. In  October,  1879,  Maris  Taylor  became  sole  proprietor,  the 
paper  being  conducted  under  his  management  until  September, 
18S1,  when  T.  J.  Sargent  purchased  a  half-interest.     The  present 


234  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

firm  is,  therefore,  Taylor  &  Sargent.  The  Herald  is  Democratic 
in  politics,  is  pabrished  every  Saturday,  and  is  a  credit  to  the  jour- 
nalistic guild,  as  well  as  to  the  community. 

THE    YANKTON    POSTOFFICE. 

The  postoffice  of  Yankton  was  established  in  1857.  D.  T.  Bram- 
ble was  the  first  Postmaster.  Mr.  Bramble  held  this  postoffice  four 
years,  when  he  Avas  succeeded  by  William  Miner,  who  h*^ld  the 
office  seven  years.  M.  U.  Hoyt  became  Postmaster  in  1867,  and 
in  May,  1870,  William  Pound  succeeded  him.  In  October,  1871, 
C.  H.  Mclntyre  Avas  appointed  Postmaster.  Mr.  Mclntyre  was 
succeeded  in  November,  1872,  by  A.  W.  Howard,  the  present  Post- 
master. Yankton  postoffice  was  made  a  money  order  office  in 
1864,  and  advanced  to  an  office  of  the  second  class  in  1876.  It  has 
been  the  distributing  office  for  all  of  Dakota  and  Northern  Ne- 
braska, is  still  a  depositing  office  for  the  Territory,  and  has  always 
transacted  a  very  large  amount  of  business.  Under  Mr.  Howard's 
management,  the  office  is  conducted  in  a  systematic  and  highly 
satisfactory  manner. 

U.    S.    LAND   OFFICE. 

The  land  office  for  the  counties  of  Yankton,  Turner,  Lincoln, 
Union,  Clay,  Bon  Homme,  Hutchinson,  Douglas  and  Chaj'les  Mix, 
is  located  at  Yankton.  G.  A.  Wetter  is  the  Register,  Alexander 
Hughes^  the  Receiver. 

TERRITORIAL    OFFICES. 

The  various  Territorial  Officers  have  their  offices  here,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  the  Governor.  Secretary,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  U.  S.  Marshal,  U.  S.  Attorney.  Surveyor  General, 
Registerjin  Bankruptcy,  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  Auditor, 
Treasurer  and  U.  S.  Signal  Officer.  The  Legislature  of  Dakota 
meets  biennially  at  the  Capital. 

U.    S.    ARMY    OFFICES. 

The  United  States  military  offices  for  Dakota,  consisting  of  U. 
S.  Quartermaster,  Purchasing  and  Depot  Coiiimissary  of  Subsis- 
tence, U.  S.  Paymaster,  and  U.  S.  Signal  officer,  are  located  at 
Yankton.  Large  quantities  of  army  supplies  are  annually  pur- 
chased at  Yankton  and  forwarded  by  steamers  to  the  military  posts 
on  the  Missouri  Biver  above. 

THE   COURTS    AT    YANKTON. 

Dakota  is  divided  into  four  judicial  districts.  Southeastern  Da- 
kota being  within  the  Second  District,  and  holding  two  general 


l/y  L^ 


YANKTON.  235 

terrtii  of  the  U.  S.  Court  at  Yankcon  in  each  year.  Sab-districts 
are  formed  of  one  or  more  counties,  where  courts  are  held  as  oc- 
casion requires. 

THE    ASYLUM   FOR   THE    INSANE. 

This  institution  was  established  over  three  years  ago  through  the 
efforts  of  the  late  Governor  Howard,  and  has  been  in  successful 
operation  since  that  time.  It  is  located  on  a  section  of  land  one 
mile  north  of  the  city  and  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  city, 
river,  and  surrounding  country.  The  present  buildings  are  but  the 
nucleus  oi  the  Asylum  as  planned.  The  last  Legislature  appro- 
priated 8^0,000  for  the  erection  of  a  permanent  building,  to  be 
about  200  feet  long,  3  stories  and  basement  in  height,  to  be  built 
of  brick.  The  contractors  are  now  at  work,  and  it  will  be  finished 
this  year.  Having  a  section  of  land  donated  by  the  United  States, 
and  liberal  appropriations  from  the  Legislature,  this  will  be  one  of 
the  largest  State  institutions. 

THE    PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

Gen.  W.  H.  H.  Beadle,  the  Territorial  Superintendent  of  In- 
struction, resides  in  Yankton,  and  is  h.defatigable  in  his  efforts  to 
advance  the  cause  of  education.  The  Territorial  Superintendent  is 
nominated  by  the  Governor  and  confirmed  by  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil (senate),  salary  ^600  per  annum,  with  ^300  for  traveling  ex- 
penses and  8100  for  stationery,  books,  printing  and  postage.  No 
other  Territorial  expense  permitted. 

Each  organized  county  elects  every  two  years  a  County  Super- 
intendent, who  receives  $3.00  per  day  for  actual  time  employed,  and 
five  cents  per  mile  for  distance  necessarily  traveled  on  duty.  He 
has  general  supervision  of  public  schools  in  his  county,  examines 
teachers  and  grants  certificates  for  not  more  than  one  year;  visits 
all  schools  in  his  county  at  least  once  each  year;  apportions  county 
general  tuition  fund  to  districts  on  basis  of  school  population;  re- 
ceives reports  from  districts  and  reports  to  Territorial  Superinten- 
dent yearly,  and  has  other  minor  allowances  and  duties. 

In  the  cities  of  Yankton,  Fargo,  Deadwood,  Bismark  and  Ver- 
million, and  the  village  of  Sioux  Palls,  the  schools  are  managed 
by  boards  of  education,  provided  for  in  the  municipal  charters. 

The  school  revenues  are  derived  almost  exclusively  from  taxation. 
There  is  no  vested  school  fund.  The  United  States  has  reserved 
the  16th  and  37th  sections  in  every  township  to  be  applied  to  schools 
in  the  future  State.     The  law  levies  a  general  tax  of  two  mills  on 


236  niSTORY    OF   southeastern    DAKOTA. 

the  dollar  for  tuition,  which  is  collected  and  apportioned  by  each 
county  separately.  Besides  this  each  school  district  may  levy  taxes 
for  teacher's  wages,  school  house  building,  and  for  incidental  ex- 
penses, to  the  maximum  in  all  of  three  and  a  quarter  per  cent,  an- 
nually. 

The  law  requiries  three  months  school  in  each  year,  and  a  late 
amendment  authorizes  every  parent  of  a  child  of  school  age  to  re- 
quire six  months  school  in  default  of  which  he  may  send  pupils  to 
any  other  district  at  cost  of  his  own  district. 

A  late  act  authorizes  every  school  district  to  borrow  mone}^  at  8 
per  cent,  interest  upon  its  bonds,  to  be  used  in  building  and  fur- 
nishing school  house.  The  amount  is  limited  to  $1,500  at  most  in 
each  district,  and  the  bonds  run  not  less  than  ten  nor  more  than 
twenty  years. 

An  act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  approved  January  6th,  1875, 
provided  for  the  establishment  of  a  Board  of  Education  for  the  city 
of  Yankton,  and  inconsequence,  Yankton's  present  efficient  system 
of  education  may  be  said  to  date  from  that  time.  The  Board  was 
organized  on  the  second  day  of  Februar}'^,  1875,  the  first  financial 
report  of  the^Secretary  covering  a  period  of  fourteen  months  from 
the  date  of  organization  to  the  first  day  of  April,  1876.  The  follow- 
ing gentlemen  were  the  members  of  the  first  Board  of  Education: 
First  District — F.  M.  Ziebach,  D.  T.  Bramble.  Second  District — 
J.  R.  Sanborn,  F.  J.  Dewitt.  Third  District— Bartlett  Tripp, 
Kewton  Edmunds.  Fourth  District— Joseph  V/ard,  E.  P.  Wilcox, 
William  M.  BristoU  was  the  Secretary,  Charles  E.  Bramble,  Treas- 
urer. Mr.  Bristol!  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Board,  February 
5th,  1875,  and  was  at  once  charged,  ex-officio,  with  the  duties  of 
Superintendent  of  the  City  Public  Schools,  both  of  which  respon- 
sible positions  he  has  continued  ever  since  to  most  acceptably  fill. 

At  the  same  meeting  an  accurate  census  of  the  children  of  school 
age  in  the  city,  was  directed  to  be  taken.  The  number  of  persons 
of  school  age  in  Yankton  for  1875,  was  ascertained  to  be  783;  for 
1876,  the  number  was  867. 

The  four  jjublic  schools  existing  at  tbe  time  of  organization  were 
allowed  to  complete  the  work  of  their  winter  term,  and  were  closed 
March  26,  1875.  April  5-7  a  reorganization  of  the  schools  was 
effected.  The  East  and  the  West  Primary  and  the  East  and  the 
West  Intermediate  Schools  were  opened  on  the  5th,  the  Grammar 
School  on  the  6th,  and  the  High  School  on  the  7th. 


YANKTOJS,  237 


During  the  spring  term,  the  Board  employed  five  teachers,  the 
Superintendent  serving  as  Principrl  of  the  High  School,  and  fur- 
nishing his  own  assistant.  During  a  part  of  the  school  year,  1875 
-6,  the  Board  had  eight  schools  in  operation  and  employed  seven 
teachers  besides  the  Superintendent,  who  cared  for  the  High  school 
as  during  the  spring  term,  1875. 

At  the  opening  of  the  fall  term,  1875,  the  East  and  the  West  In- 
termediate Schools  were  consolidated  and  a  secondary  school  open- 
ed. The  Intermediate  and  Secondary  Schools  were  located  in  the 
center,  in  the  Walnut  Street  School  House,  and  the  East  and  West 
Primary  Schools  in  rented  buildings,  on  Capital  and  Linn  Sts.,  re- 
spectively. The  Primary  Schools  became  so  crowded  that  the 
Board  resorted,  in  November,  to  the  plan  of  devoting  their  morn- 
ing sessions  to  second  grade  pupils  and  their  afternoon  sessions  to 
first  grade  pupils.  Ths  Grammar  and  High  Schools  remained  in 
the  Academy  building  on  Walnut  St.,  which  the  Board  had  leased 
for  their  accommodation. 

At  the  opening  of  ths  winter  term,  the  applicants  for  admission 
to  the  schools  were  so  numerous  that  a  second  secondary  school  was 
opened  on  the  12th  of  Janizary,  located  on  Capital  St.,  and  called 
the  East  Secondary  School,  the  secondary  school  on  Walnut  St. 
taking  the  name  of  West  Secondary  School.  At  this  time,  to  re- 
move all  occasion  for  dissatisfaction  with  the  Primary  Schools,  the 
Board  again  threw  the  morning  and  afternoon  sessions,  in  each  of 
them,  open  to  all  the  pupils  belonging  to  them. 

In  February,  the  last  private  school  existing  in  the  city  was 
closed,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to  furnish  additional  school  ac- 
commodations by  removing  the  West  Secondary  School  to  Dakota 
Hallon  Linn  St.  and  opening  another  intermediate  school  in  the 
Walnut  St.  School  House.  The  new  school  received  the  name  of 
First  Intermediate  School  and  the  original  Intermediate  School  be- 
came the  Second  Intermediate  School. 

One  new  two-room  brick  school  house  was  built  during  the  year, 
and,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  the  schools  occupied  three  leased 
buildings,  or  in  all,  five  school  houses,  containing  eight  school  rooms 

The  year  '75-6  was  marked,  in  the  history  of  the  High  School, 
by  the  sending  forth  of  its  first  graduates.  At  the  close  of  the 
third  anniversary  exercises,  by  direction  of  President  J.  R.  San- 
born, citing  the  authority  of  the  Board,  appropriate  diplomas,  cer- 
tifying to  the  completion   of  the  courses  mentioned  opposite  their 


238  HISTORY    OF    SOUTHEASTERN  DAKOTA. 

names,  were  presented,  by  the  Principal,  to  Horace  Ward  Sheldon, 
four  years' Classical  coar>e.  William  Henry  Sanborn,  four  years' 
Academic  course.  Helen  Eliot  Moody,  three  years'  Classical 
course.  These  are  believed  to  be  the  first  proper  alumni  of  any 
institution  of  learninf?  in  Dakota  Territory. 

At  an  adjourned  meeting,  on  the  22d  of  June,  it  was  voted  to 
purchase  the  Academy  premises,  corner  Sixth  and  Walnut  streets, 
for  two  thousand  six  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  Eleven  coupon 
bonds  of  two  hundred  and  forty  dollars  each,  payable  in  ten  years 
from  the  13th  day  of  June,  1877,  and  bearing  interest  at  the  rate 
often  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually,  together  with  a 
warrant  for  ten  dollars  in  cash,  were  issued  in  payment  for  this 
property,  which  consisted  of  three  lots,  with  two-story  school 
building  (-10x36.)  out  houses,  fences  and  plank  walks. 

The  school  year  ending  August  31st,  1878,  witnessed  the  com- 
pletion and  occupation  of  the  south  wing  of  the  new  Franklin 
School.  The  foundations  of  this  two-story,  brick  edifice  were 
laid  broad  and  deep,  and  the  superstructure,  with  eighteen-inch 
vaulted  walls  to  the  top  of  the  lower  story  and  fourteen-inch  above 
to  the  cornice,  substantially  erected  thereupon.  This  wing  is 
33x1-1  f33t  in  its  extsrior  dimMinoa?,  ani,  with  its  two  frame  ves- 
tibules, affords  accommodations  for  two  schools,  one  below  and 
one  above,  with  the  necessary  hallways,  stairways,  recitation, 
cloak  and  janitor's  room. 

According  to  the  school  census  of  1881,  the  number  of  persons 
of  school  age  in  Yankton  was  1,122;  number  of  school  rooms 
owned  by  the  city  and  used  for  school  purposes  during  the  year, 
eight;  rooms  leased  for  school  purposes,  two — total  rooms  so  used, 
ten. 

The  public  schools  of  Yankton  have  justly  achieved  a  most  envi- 
able reputation.  The  standard  of  education  is  high,  and  through- 
out every  department  a  system  is  maintained  which  is  thoroughly 
in  keeping  with  the  progressive  spirit  of  the  best  schools  of  the 
East.     The  present  corps  of  teachers  is  as  follows: 

William  M.  Bristoll,  Principal. 
Viola  T.  Hayes,  Second  Wehster  Primary. 
Maggie  E.  Cooley,  Fourth  Primary. 
May  Lynch,  First  Webster  Primary. 
Hannah  S.  Prime,  Third  Primary. 
Henrietta  Fellows,  Third  Grammar. 
Anna  E.  Hoyt,  Second  Linn  St.  Primary. 


YANKTJN.  239 

Carrie  E.  Lawrence,  Assistant  2d  and  8d  Grammar. 
Louisa  A.  Mclntyre,  First  Linn  St.  Primary. 
Duane  Rifenbark,  High  School. 
Gertie  E.  Flanagan,  First  Grammar. 
Mary  A.  Lawrence,  Second  Grammar. 

Janitors — William  H.  Werdebaugh,  Franklin  and  Linn  St.  Schools.  Robert 
Thogerson,  Walnut  St.  and  Webster  S 'hools. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  YANKTON. 

This  institution  under  the  auspices  of  the  Congregational 
churches  of  Dakota  has  been  located  here.  $13,000  have  been 
subscribed  by  the  citizens  of  Yankton  towards  erecting  suitable 
buildings,  and  $50,000  has  been  promised  by  wealthy  members  of 
this  denomination  residing  in  the  eastern  States.  Commodious 
buildings  will  soon  be  erected  on  a  commanding  site  in  the  north 
part  of  the  city. 

The  Court  House  is  a  substantial  two  story  brick  structure 
erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $12,000.  Connected  with  it,  and  under 
the  control  of  the  sheriff,  is  the  county  jail. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  THE  SACRED  HEART. 

The  Academy  is  a  large  commodious  building,  built  of  brick, 
three  stories  high,  situated  on  the  highest  eminence  west  of  the 
city.  It  has  grounds  covering  three  blocks,  and  from  its  cupola 
the  view  is  unsurpassed.  Twenty  Sisters  of  Mercy  reside  here. 
They  have  thirty  young  lady  boarders,  beside  a  large  attendance  of 
day  scholars  and  a  parochial  school  on  Cedar  street.  They  have 
recently  erected  a  large  brick  residence  for  the  chaplain,  and  the 
Bishop  of  Dako*"a  intends  building  on  the  adjoining  grounds  a  large 
and  beautiful  residence. 

CHURCHES  AND  SOCIETIES. 

The  following  churches  have  been  built  in  Yankton  and  have 
resident  pastors,  viz:  Congregational,  Methodist,  Episcopal,  Bap- 
tist, Univei'salist,  Catholic,  (rerman  Evangelical,  Lutheran,  Re- 
formed Lutheran,  Scandinavian  and  Russian.  Rev.  Joseph  Ward 
is  the  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Society;  Rev.  Wilmot  Whit- 
field, of  the  Methodist;  Dr.  E.  Epstein,  of  the  Baptist;  Rev.  W.  L. 
Willard,  of  the  Catholic,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Hielscher,  of  the  German 
Evangelical  Society. 

The  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Yankton  was 
organized  in  the  winter  of  1879-80,  with  Mrs.  Dunlap  as  President. 
The  present  officers  are:  Mrs.  James  McVay,  President;  Mrs.  H. 
H.  Smith,  Mrs.  0.  H.  Carney,  Vice-Presidents;    Mrs.  A.  W.  How- 


2-10  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

ard,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  J.  B,  Van  Velson,  Secretary.  In  February, 
1881,  rooms  were  opened,  where  refreshments  could  be  served  and 
reading  matter  furnished,  and  after  a  temporary  suspension  on 
account  of  the  floods,  rooms  were  again  opened  on  the  21st  of 
May.  The  present  rooms  are  commodious  and  comfortable,  well 
furnished  and  conducted  in  the  cosiest  possible  manner.  Coffee 
and  other  refreshments  are  served  at  all  hours,  and  the  rooms  are 
supplied  with  the  choicest  and  latest  periodicals.  Socials  and  other 
entertainments  are  occasionally  held  in  these  rooms,  the  proceeds 
of  which  go  to  defray  expenses.  The  rooms  are  in  charge  of  Mrs. 
C.  N.  Thompson.  This  practical  step  in  the  direction  of  Temper- 
ance reform  deservedly  meets  Avith  the  encouragement  of  the 
citizens. 

St.  John's  Lodge  No.  1,  A.  F.  and  A.  M. — Instituted  in  June, 
1863,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Iowa,  its  num- 
ber at  that  time  being  166.  In  1875,  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Dakota 
was  organized,  and  this  Lodge  then  became  No.  1.  Charter  mem- 
bers and  first  officers:  M.  Hoyt,  W.  M.;  D.  T.  Bramble,  S.  W.; 
John  Hutchinson,  J.  W.;  G.  N.  Propper,  S.  D.;  F.  M.  Ziebach,  J. 
D.;  M.  K.  Armstrong,  Secretary;  G.  W.  Kingsbury,  Treasurer; 
B.  E.  Wood,  Tyler;  H.  C.  Ash,  Nelson  Miner,  Justus  Townsend, 
J.  M.  Allen.  Present  officers:  F.  J.  Dewitt,  M.;  I.  E.  West,  S. 
W.;  William  Goodwin,  J.  W.;  W.  H.  H.  Beadle,  S.  D.;  I).  McCully, 
J.  D.;  W  .  H.  Edmunds.  Secretary;  J.  R.  Sanborn,  Treasurer;  T. 
L.  Pratt,  Tyler.  The  Lodge's  membership  is  about  eighty,  and  its 
condition  prosperous.  Meetings  are  held  the  first  and  third  Tues- 
day evenings  in  each  month. 

Yankton  Chapter  No.  ?,  R.  A.  3/.—  Holds  its  meetings  on  the 
second  and  third  Tuesday  in  each  month  at  Masonic  Hall.  It  was 
instituted  in  1878.  William  Blatt  is  H.  P.,  John  0.  Bates,  Secre- 
tary.    The  membership  is  about  forty-five. 

Dakota  Lodge  No.  7,  /.  0.  0.  7^'.,^Instituted  May  25th,  1870. 
First  officers:  N.  J.  Catill,  N.  G.;  E.  0.  Norton,  Secretary.  Pres- 
ent officers:     Peter  Royem.  N.  G.;  John  0.  Bates,  Secretary. 

Humboldt  Lodge  No.  5  J.  0.  0.  i^.— Instituted  March  11th,  1871. 
First  officers:  William  Blatt,  N.  G.;  M.  P.  Ohlnian,  Secretary. 
Present  officers:     C.  Hameister,  N.  G.;  George  Bauman,  Secretary. 

Yankton  Encampment  No.  2,  I.  0.  0.  F. — Instituted  May  4th, 
1875.  First  officers:  William  Blatt,  H.  P.;  C.  S.  Deming,  Scribe. 
Present  officers:     A.  F.  Brecht,  H.  P.;  J.  Kingsbury,  Scribe. 


YANKTOISr.  241 


Grand  Lodge  of  Dakota,  I.  0.  0.  F. — Instituted  October  13th, 
1875.  First  officers:  Ezra  W.  Miller,  of  Elk  Point,  G.  M.;  Ralph 
R.  Briggs,  of  Vermillion,  G.  S.  Present  officers:  W.  A.  Bentley, 
of  Bismarck,  G.  M.;  Ralph  R.  Briggs,  of  Sioux  Falls,  G.  S. 

Grand  Encampment  of  Dakota^  I.  0.  0.  F. — Instituted  August 
10th,  1881.  First  officers:  Frank  S.  Emerson,  of  Sioux  Falls,  G. 
P.;  A.  J.  Romne,  of  Elk  Point,  G.  S.  Present  officers:  D.  S. 
Dodds,  of  Grand  Forks,  G.  P.;  Ralph  R.  Briggs,  of  Sioux  Falls,  G.  S. 

ARTESIA]Sr  WELL  AXD    MIJflXG  COMPANY. 

The  Yankton  Artesian  Well  and  Mining  Company  was  organ- 
ized in  September,  1880.  The  officers  of  the  Company  were  as 
follows:  J.  C.  McVay,  President;  E.  T.  White,  Secretary;  J.  M. 
Fogerty,  Treasurer;  W.  P.  Dewey,  Attorney;  J.  C.  McVay,  E.  E. 
Hudson,  F.  L.  Van  Tassel,  A.  W,  Lavender,  I.  Piles,  Directors. 
There  were  about  thirty-eight  members  originally.  The  capital 
stock  was  ^10,000,  with  a  privilege  of  increasing  to  ^50,000. 

In  December,  1880,  the  contract  for  boring  an  artesian  well 
was  let  to  Mars  &  Miller,  of  ('hicago,  and  work  was  begun 
early  in  the  summer  of  1881.  Water  was  "struck"  at  a  depth 
of  about  four  hundred  feet,  in  July,  and  about  one  hundred  feet 
further  down,  a  water  supply  of  from  one  hundred  and  eighty 
to  two  hundred  gallons  per  minute,  was  reached.  The  well  is 
located  on  the  hill  west  of  the  city,  and  the  Company  has  purchased 
ten  acres  of  the  land  surrounding  it.  It  is  the  intention  to  con- 
struct a  complete  system  of  water  Avorks  for  the  city,  which  are 
expected  to  be  ready  for  operation  in  1882.  The  estimated  cost  of 
the  entire  works  is  less  than  $50,000.  Everything  connected  with 
the  enterprise  is  so  favorable,  that  its  success  appears  to  be  already 
as  sured.  The  following  are  the  present  officers  of  the  Company: 
I.  Piles,  President;  E.  T.  White,  Secretary;  Leighton  Wynn, 
Treasurer;  E.  E.  Hudson,  F.  L.  Van  Tassel,  A.  W.  Lavender,  G.  R. 
S  cougal,  I.  Piles,  Directors. 

Yankton  is  in  every  respect  a  beautiful  city — both  from  its  ad- 
V  antageous  and  picturesque  location,  and  from  the  substantial 
character  of  its  public,  private  and  business  buildings.  The  amount 
of  business,  wholesale  and  retail,  which  is  transacted  in  Yankton, 
would  be  incredible  in  any  other  locality  than  the  Great  North- 
west, population  and  the  disadvantages  peculiar  to  a  new  country 
being  taken  into  consideration.  The  business  men  of  Yankton, 
t  aken  as  a  class,  are  live,  energetic  and  responsible  gentlemen,  who 


242  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

have  both  the  capacity,  the  means  and  the  will,  to  make  the  most 
of  present  opportunities.  The  reader  may  confidently  rely  upon  it 
—if  there  is  aught  to  be  known  of  the  future  from  the  substantial 
indications  of  the  present — that  in  the  years  to  come,  few  cities 
will  command  greater  attention,  achieve  greater  prosperity,  or 
exert  a  wider  influence  upon  the  commercial  world  about  them, 
than  the  Capital  of  the  future  Empire  of  the  Northwest. 

ADDITIONS  TO  THE  CITY    OF  YANKTON. 

The  following  are  the  plats,  or  additions,  which  make  up  the 
city  of  Yankton: 

1 — ^Yankton.  2 — Witherspoon's  Yankton.  3 — Lower  Yank- 
ton. 4 — Central  Yankton.  5 — West  Yankton.  6 — North  Yank- 
ton. 7— East  Yankton.  8— B.  C.  Fowler's  Addition.  9— H.  C. 
Ash's  Addition.  10 — John  Noble's  Addition.  11 — Glazier's  Ad- 
dition. 12— Presho's  Addition.  13— B.  C.  Ash's  Addition.  14— 
English's  Addition.  15 — Collamer's  Addition.  16 — Wetmore  & 
Stew^art's  Addition.  17 — Hoffman's  Addition.  18 — W.  A.  Bur- 
leigh's Addition.  19— C.  &  S.  Eiseman's  First  Addition.  20— C. 
&  S.  Eiseman's  Second  Addition.  21 — Thompson  &  Hanson's  Ad- 
dition. 22 — Reinhold's  Addition.  23 — Julia  A.  Presho's  Addition. 
24 — W.  B.  Valentine's  Addition,  25 — S.  C.  Fargo's  Sub-division. 
26 — Extension  of  Lower  Yankton  by  J.  R.  Hanson  &  Co.,  and  W. 
W.  Brookings.  27— J.  D.  Sears'  Addition.  28.— Picotte  &  Han- 
son's Sub-division  of  part  of  Lower  Yankton. 

OFFICIAL  DIRECTOKY. 

Mayor — J.  R.  Sanborn. 

Clerk— Y..  T.  White. 

Treasurer — William  Blatt. 

Justice  of  the  Pence — G.  W.  Roberts. 

Marshal — William  Reinhardt. 

Police — P.  C.  Conway. 

Surveyor — E.  D.  Palmer. 

Phi/sician — J.  M.  Miller. 

W eighmaster — H.  W.  Pike. 

Aldermen— J.  L.  Foskett,  Chairman;  Dr.  D.  F.  Etter,  W.  M.  Powers,  C.  J. 
B.  Harris,  Patrick  Brennan,  Joseph  Bader,  Jacob  Max,  Zma  Richey. 

Board  of  Education — First  District — William  P.  Dewey,  J.  C.  McVay.  Sec- 
ond District — Josiah  R.  Sanborn,  G.  W.  Kingsbury.  Third  District — Newton 
Edmunds,  Bartlett  Tripp.  Fourth  District — Joseph  Ward,  H.  F.  Living,-ton. 
Secretary — William  M.  BristoU.     Treasurer — William  Blatt. 

Judge  of  District  Court — P.  C.  Shannon. 

Clerk  of  District  Court — A.  J.  Faulk. 


YANKTON,  243 


BUSINESS  DIKECTORT. 

Attoi-nei/s—G.  J.  B.  Harris,  Dewey  &  French,  Tripp  &  Boyles,  S.  H.  Gruber, 
Geo.  H.  Hand,  I.  E.  West,  Campbell  &  Smith,  Phil.  K.  Faulk,  Gamble  Bros., 
E.  L.  Fletcher,  Oliver  Shannon,  N.  J.  Cramer,  E.  T.  White. 

Eeal  Estate— G.  W.  Roberts,  G.  P.  Hay  ward  &  Co.,  E.  L.  Fletcher,  M.  M. 
Matthieson,  C.  J.  B.  Harris. 

Physicians— Z.  M.  Miller,  D.  F.  Etter,  James  Buchanan,  James  McGregor, 
Geo.  W.  Vanderhule,  J.  B.  Vanvelsor,  V.  Sebiakinross. 

Banks — First  National  Bank,  McKinney  &  Scougal,  Edmunds  &  Wynn. 

Dentists— W.  H.  H.  Brown,  H.  D.  Dodge. 

Druggists— Mills  &  Purdy,  Eugene  Webber,  E.  M.  Coates,  G.  W.  Vander- 
hule, Geo.  Taman,  Peter  Neff. 

Dn/  Goods— L.  D.  Palmer,  Chas.  Eiseman,  Jacob  Max,  N.  Anderson,  Chris- 
tian Steinbach. 

Clothing— Rdrry  Katz,  John  0.  Bates. 

TaiVors— Hacker  &  Grebe,  R.  G.  Grady. 

Boots  &  Shoes — I.  Piles,  John  J.  DufFack,  Jno.  A.  Weeks,  Jacob  Max,  Chris- 
tian Steinbach. 

Wholesale  Grocers — Bramble,  Miner  &  Co. 

Grocers — Jacob  Max,  A.  W.  Lavender,  Wm.  Blatt,  H.  W.  Pike,  Christian 
Steinbach,  J.  L.  Norris,  Albert  Zimhcka,  Walter  H.  Carr,  0.  P.  Hage.  N.  An- 
derson, T.  F.  Marshall,  Dan.  McDevitt,  Samuel  Vance. 

Carpenter  Shops — Osborn  Evenson,  Pratt  &  Goodwin,  E'red.  Burgi,  A.  Dil- 
linger,  G.  Burgi,  John  Thornton,  W.  F.  Lauman,  T.  Moore. 

Meat  Markets — Wyman  &  Ward,  Mike  Brennan,  Patrick  Brennan,  Maxwell 
&  Lingo. 

Hides  and  Leather — Peir  &  Luebke. 

Wholesale  Liquors — Adler  &  Ohlman,  J.  Hirshtein,  J.  E.  Bruel. 

Wholesale  Cigars  and  Tobaccos — Adler  &  Ohlman,  F.  Hirshtein,  Bramble, 
Miner  &  Co.,  J.  E.  Bruce. 

Queensivare — Marshall  &  Odiorne,  0.  P.  Hage. 

Newspapers — Press  and  Dakotaian,  Daily  and  Weekly,  Bowen  &  Kingsbury, 
Proprietors.  Dakota  Herald,  Taylor  &  Sargent,  Proprietors.  Frie  Presse,  G. 
A.  Wetter,  Proprietor. 

Book  Binderif — Bowen  &  Kingsbury. 

Hardware — Geo.  E.  Hawley,  Wynn  &  Buckwalter,  E.  E.  Richey,  Shroeder 
&  Bates,  J.  C.  Morman,  Orth  &  Huber. 

Furniture — J.  R.  Sanborn  k  Son. 

Agricultural  Implements — Gardner  Bros.,  Wynn  &  Buckwalter,  Wilcox  & 
WiUiams.  J.  L.  Foskett. 

Gunsmiths — Geo.  Wagner,  H.  B.  White. 

Livery — Louis  H.  Eliot,  Peter  StefFen,  Wm.  M.  Powers. 

Millinery — C.  A.  Lyons  &  Co.,  E.  J.  Coggins,  Mrs.  E.  J.  Morrow. 

Hair  Dresser — Mrs.  Pray. 

Photographers — S.  J.  Morrow;  De  Long  &  Son. 

Saloons — Geo.  Brown,  J.  F.  Evans,  John  Larton,  Albert  Zemlicka,  Jacob 
Branch.  Lev.  Biermeyer,  Fred.  Lerch,  M.  Demendes,  J.  H.  Balmat,  Wallbaum 
&  Becker,  Frank  Schepperheyn. 


24 -t  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

Harness  amd  Saddlerij—J .  M.  Fogarty,  John  Novotney,  D.  B.  Cooley. 

Confectioner!/,  Etc— II.  A.  Schoregge  &  Son.  Walter  H.  Carr,  H.  W.  Pike, 
Jenkinson  Bros. 

Books  and  Stationery — rostoffice  News  Company,  A.  W.  Howard,  proprietor; 
Mills  it  Purely. 

Hotels — Jcncks  Hotel,  Jcncks  &  Son;  Merchants  Hotel;  Smithsonian,  H.  H. 
Smith:  Germania  House,  Wallbaum  &  Baker;  Bradley- House,  .1.  C.  Curtis; 
Central  Hotel,  John  Jacobs;  Madison  House,  Fred  Kincie;  Eagle  House,  Au- 
gustus Kountz;  Minnesota  Hotel,  Joseph  Bolder;  American  House,  N.  Morgan; 
Pacific  Hotel,  George  Wagner;  Chicago  House,  Charles  Brotherson;  Farmers' 
Home,  Leo  Beermeyer;  Custer  House,  Chas.  Long;  Skandinavisk  Hotel,  Ole 
Cook. 

Steamboat  Lines — Coulson  Line,  S.  B.  Coulson,  Manasrer;  J.  C.  McVay, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.     Peck  Line,  A.  C.  Aiken,  Manager. 

Wacfon  Making  and  BlaclsmitJiiny — Tyler  &  Nissen,   Carr  &  Sanderson. 

Painting — Semple  &  Munroe,  William  Tobin,  John  Bramsen. 

Architects — John  Thornton,  A.  E.  Cobby,  W.  L.  Daw. 

Lumber — E.  P.  Wilcox.  St.  Croix  Lumber  Co.;  Michigan  and  Chicago  Lum- 
ber Co. — J.  D.  Hoskin,  Proprietor. 

Foundry — J.J.  Campbell,  Martin  L  Anderson. 

Jewelers— E.  G.  Cark,  J.  P.  Redaelli,  John  Otto,  C.  Wedell. 

Flouring  Mill — Excelsior  Mill  Company,  Bramble,  Miner  it  Co.,  Proprietors. 

Mill  Furnisher — Samuel  Kaucher. 

Auctioneer — L.  M.  Kee. 

Butter  and  Eggs — Smith  and  Farr. 

Music — Mrs.  M.  M.  Sullivan,  Mrs.  Whitney. 

Sewing  Machines — F.  Hammond,  C.  A.  Lyons  &  Co.,  Orth  &  Huber. 

Farriers — Stockwell  &  Buchanan. 


THE  FLOOD  AT  YANKTON. 


The  following  facts  concerning  the  great  flood  at  Yankton  in 
the  spring  of  1881,  are  taken  from  the  Dakota  Herald's  series  of 
graphic  accounts,  which  were  subsequently  printed  in  pamphlet 
form : 

[Dakota  Herald,  April  2i\.] 
For  years  people  have  listened  to  tales  of  high  water  in  the  Mis- 
souri River,  told  by  Indians  and  "  oldest  inhabitants;"  listened 
generally  with  incredulity,  and  sometimes  with  open  mockery. 
Since  1862,  the  spring  breakup  has  never  been  attended  with  any 
disaster,  save  in  isolated  cases,  and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that 
the  settlers  on  the  bottoms  had  been  lulled  into  a  false  sense  of  se- 
curity, and  regarded  the  stories  handed  down  in  regard  to  the  great 
inundations  of  past  years  as  the  mere  vaporings  of  chronic  exag- 
gerations. But  it  has  been  a  terrible  awakening;  the  worst  stories 
of  the  past  have  been  far  surpassed  by  the  horrors  of  the  actual 
present.  For  ten  days  the  Missouri  River  Valley  for  hundreds  of 
miles  has  been  covered  with  a  seething  torrent  of  water  and  ice. 
Whole  towns  have  been  absolutely  obliterated,  many  lives  have 
been  lost,  property  incalculable  has  been  swept  away,  and  hundreds 
of  people,  but  yesterday  in  comparative  affluence,  are  to-day  little 
else  but  beggars.  It  is  utterly  useless  to  attempt  to  describe  it  as  it 
is,  but  following  will  be  found  a  clear,  concise  and  careful  state- 
ment of  the  facts  so  far  as  the  Herald  has  been  able  'to  collect 
them.  News  is  as  yet  painfully  wanting,  but  we  trust  that  the 
horror  of  the  full  revelation  will  not  be  any  considerably  greater 
than  that  which  now  weighs  down  our  people: 

THE  BREAKUP. 

The  river  at  this  point,  long  watched  with  fear  and  trembling, 
at  four  o'clock,  Sunday  afternoon,  with  scarcely  a  preliminary  sign, 
burst  its  icy  covering,  and  in  a  few  moments  the  whole  channel  was 
one  solid  mass  of  heaving,  groaning,  grinding  cakes  of  ice,  tossed 
and  tumbled  into  every  conceivable  shape  by  the  resistless  current. 

As  the  ice  broke  up  the  river  rose  with  almost  inc]  edible  rapidity, 
and  in  a  few  moments  was  nearly  bank-full.  The  steamer  West- 
ern, lying  just  below  the  ways,  was  the  first  victim  of  the  ice.  An 
immense  cake  was  hurled  against  her  side,  near  the  stern,  makincr 


246  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA 

a  hole  nearly  twenty  feet  long,  tlirough  which  the  water  rushed 
with  terrible  swiftness,  and  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  a  large  corps 
of  pumpmen,  she  soon  filled  and  sank.  The  water  began  to  sub- 
side about  five  o'clock  and  the  people  breathed  easier,  thinking  that 
the  worst  was  over  However,  the  upward  movement  soon  com- 
menced again,  and  continued  all  day  Monday^  the  whole  bed  of  the 
river  being  constantly  filled  with  moving  ice.  Monday  afternoon 
word  was  received  that  the  whole  Jim  River  Bottom  below  the  city 
was  overflowed  from  bluff  to  bluff,  something  never  before  known. 
This  report  was  quickly  succeeded  by  another  to  the  effect  that 
many  families  living  in  that  section  were  completely  cut  off  from 
escape  and  in  need  of  assistance.  Tuesday  morning  several 
boats  were  sent  out  from  the  city,  which  succeeded  in  rescuing 
several  families.  Others  were  left  and  an  account  of  their  fate 
will  be  found  below. 

Many  of  our  citizens,  on  Tuesday,  took  occasion  to  visit  the  bluffs 
at  Major  Hanson's  place,  and  the  view  there  presented  was  truly 
grand,  not  to  say  terrible.  As  far  as  the  eye  could  reach  was  an 
unbroken  volume  of  water,  moving  steadily  along,  bearing  on  its 
bosom  huge  cakes  of  ice,  and  dotted  here  and  there  by  half-sub- 
merged farm-houses,  whose  inmates  had  fled  to  the  hills  for  safety. 
Where  the  mighty  current  swept  across  the  railroad  track  the  rails 
were  twisted  and  dragged  long  distances  by  the  ice,  while  telegraph 
poles,  fence  posts  and  small  trees  were  snapped  in  two  like  tallow 
candles.  Cattle  and  horses  were  floundering  and  struggling  in  the 
flood,  every  cake  of  ice  was  freighted  with  a  passenger  list  of  small 
animals,  while  here  and  there  a  small  skiff,  manned  with  rescu- 
ers from  Yankton,  paddled  about  from  house  to  house,  seeking  after 
straggling  persons  who  had  been  caught  by  the  Avater.  It  was  a 
spectacle  long  to  he  remembered,  and  one  that  a  man  might  well 
pray  to  never  behold  again. 

THE    GORGE. 

Tuesday  evening  at  five  o'clock  the  ice  which  had  been  sweep- 
ing by  the  city  all  day,  suddenly  formed  a  gorge  a  few  miles  below 
the  cit}^  which  held  firm  all  night,  meauAvhile  extending  itself  far 
up  the  river  toward  Springfield.  A  deathly  stillness  hung  over  the 
bosom  of  the  river  as  if  in  omen  of  the  awful  burst  of  seeming  rage 
that  was  to  follow.  Men  watched  Avitli  anxious  eyes,  fearing  the 
worst.  Suddenly,  Wednesday  morning  at  11:30  o'clock  a  shudder 
ran  through  the  vast  body  of  the  gorge,  when-'  great  hillocks  of 


THE    FLOOD    AT   YANKTON".  247 

ice  were  piled  in  solid  layers  rods  high.  The  waters  gave  a  mighty- 
roar  like  some  blood-thirsty  giant  awaking  from  troubled  sleep,  and 
with  a  sudden  jerk  the  whole  tremendous  mass  began  to  rear,  and 
crash,  and  tumble,  as  if  it  knew  of  its  awful  power  for  destruction 
and  was  giving  way  to  pranks  of  diabolical  glee.  As  the  millions 
upon  millions  of  tons  of  icy  matter  moved  off  down  the  river,  the 
water  began  to  creep  up  the  banks. 

Up,  up  it  came,  faster  and  faster,  until  it  could  fairly  be  seen  to 
crawl  up  the  ascent.     Huge  cakes  of  ice  went  hurtling  against  the 
sides  of  the  steamers  along  the  ways,  crushing  great  holes  in  their 
hulls,  snapping  immense  hawsers,  and  precipitating  the  Black  Hills^ 
Helena  and  Butte  into  one  common  jumble.     Still  it  rose,  poured 
over  the  railroad  track,  hurling  the  little  ferry  boat,   Livingston, 
clear  across  it,  and  even   carrying  the  gigantic  Nellie  Peck  and 
Peuinah  far  up  on  the  bank.     It  now  appeared  to  rest  a  moment, 
and  then  with  a  resistless  force  and  a  mighty  swell,   on  it  came 
again.     From  the  bottling  works,  down  along  the  river  front  to 
where  the  water  had  come  out  the  day  before,  the  torrent  poured 
into  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  actually  seeming  to  have  a  fall  of 
from  six  inches  to  a  foot  directly  out  of  the  river.     Then  ensued  a 
scene  that  our  pencil  is  inadequate  to  describe.     People  ran  hither 
and  thither  in  wild  excitement.      Household  goods  were  hastily 
thrown  into  wagons  and  removed  to  places  of  safety.     Shouting, 
swearing  men,  weeping  women  and  children,  pawing,  frightened 
horses,  all  combined  with  the  roaring,  rushing  waves  to  form  a  pic- 
ture to  delight  the  heart  of  the  monarch  of  Pandemonium.     As  the 
waters  rose  higher  and  higher,  skiffs,  yawls  and  other  small  craft, 
began  to  shoot  through  the  streetsi  n  lieu  of  the  vehicles.  Furniture, 
clothing  and  babies  were  handed  out  of  the  windows  and  ferried 
to  high  ground.     Out-houses  and  movable  truck  danced  around  on 
the  surface.  .  Hogs  and  chickens  squealed  and  squawked  and  swam 
and  flew  to  places  of  safety.    The  first  to  move  to  what  they  consid- 
ered safe  ground  were  chased  by  the  exultant  waves  and  forced  to 
again  "move  on."     All  through  the  lower  part  of  the  city — every- 
where in  fact  below  the  bench — roared  an  angry,  surging  torrent 
of  yellow  water,  from  one  to  six  feet  in  depth,   literally   covered 
with  the  debris  incident  to  a  great  fload,  all  banging,  smashing  and 
rolling  about  in  one  common  medley.     Looking  south  and  east  it 
Avas  a  solid  I'iver  twenty  miles  wide,  rolling,  a   very  besom    of  de- 
struction, cutting  a  swath  of  havoc  and  ruin  which  cannot  be  com- 


248  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN    DAKOTA. 

puted.  Down  the  channel  of  tlie  river  swept  hay-stacks,  water- 
tanks,  live  animals  and  the  fragments  of  fences,  houses,  &c.,  w'hich 
had  been  swept  from  God  knows  where  up  the  river.  Far  over  on 
the  Nebraska  bottoms  could  be  seen  clusters  of  cattle  on  ever3'.knoll 
and  as  the  water  rose  inch  by  inch,  and  the  ice  swept  over  and  crush- 
ed them  between  its  ponderous  fragments,the  struggles  of  the  poor 
animals  could  be  plainly  seen.  Great  trees  struck  by  the  jagged 
chunks,  Avhipped  and  shook  as  though  jarred  by  a  heavy  wind,  and 
finally  would  be  cut  clean  off  and  tumbled  into  the  vseething  hell 
of  waters  Avhich  roared  about  them.  Here  and  there  appeared  the 
roof  of  a  house,  and  alas  !  in  too  many  instances,  that  roof  held 
human  beings,  clinging  to  it  in  a  desperate  effort  to  save  themselves 
from  a  watery  grave.  Women,  and  strong  men,  too.  turned  away 
from  the  awful  sight,  and  refused  to  look  upon  it.  No  man  ever 
wants  to  see  the  like  again. 

THE  DESTRUCTION   OF   GREEN  ISLAND. 

It  had  been  apprehended  for  weeks  past  that  Green  Island,  just 
across  the  river  from  Yankton,  would  suffer  in  case  of  high  w^ater, 
and  many  of  the  inhabitants  had  made  preparations  for  it  by  re- 
moving their  household  goods  and  stock  to  high  ground.  But 
nobody  was  prepared  for  the  awful  catastrophe  which  came  on 
Wednesday,  and  in  a  few  hours  swept  from  existence  a  busy  little 
town  of  150  people,  together  it  is  feared  with  several  of  its  resi- 
dents. On  Tuesday,  it  was  apparent  from  this  shore  that  the  town 
was  entirely  surrounded  by  water,  and  the  few  people  left  in  it 
could  be  seen  busily  engaged  in  removing  stock  to  a  high  knoll 
just  back  of  the  village,  there  being  some  determined  spirits  Avho 
were  evidently  resolved  to  sta}^  till  the  last.  Attempts  were  made 
to  communicate  with  them,  but  unavailingly.  When  the  gorge 
broke  on  Wednesday,  those  who  were  watching  Green  Island  soon 
discovered  that  the  ice  was  being  forced  around  in  the  rear  of  the 
town  from  above,  and  it  was  not  long  until  it  was  encompa.'ised  on 
every  side  by  strong  and  wide  currents,  across  which  no  living 
thing  could  attempt  a  passage  without  certain  death  staring  them 
in  the  face.  A  thrill  of  horror  ran  through  the  spectators  on  this 
shore,  and  from  that  time  until  the  final  collapse,  every  eye  was 
rivited  as  if  by  an  awful  fascination  upon  the  doomed  village. 
Higher  and  higher  crept  the  environing  torrents,  and  nearer  and 
nearer  swept  the  horrible  masses  of  ice.     At  last  it  could   be  seen 


THE   FLOOD  AT  YANKTON.  240 

by  aid  of  glasses  that  the  water  covered  the  entire  town.  Borne 
on  the  hissing,  gurgling  breakers,  the  ice  commenced  to  thunder 
through  the  streets  and  against  the  houses.  The  madden  el  strug- 
gles of  the  cattle  and  horses  as  they  floundered  about  in  the  icy  bil- 
lows could  be  plainly  witnessed,  but  they  were  soon  swept  away. 
The  water  rose  until  it  appeared  as  if  little  but  the  upper  sto- 
ries of  the  buildings  was  unsubmerged,  and  at  last  the  village 
church,  aliandsome  structure  with  a  tall  spire,  unable  to  longer 
withstand  the  ponderous  blows  of  the  huge  floes,  was  seen  to  leave 
its  foundations,  turn  half  way  round,  and  then  float  gracefully  off 
with  the  current.  Its  course  was  destinctly  visible  until  the  top 
of  its  spire  disappeared  behind  a  strip  of  timber  about  a  mile  from 
the  town,  where  it  went  to  pieces.  Shortly  after  another  building 
floated  away,  and  then  followed  in  quick  succession  five  or  six 
others,  including  the  large  hotel  and  school  house.  On  the  roofs 
of  several,  persons  could  be  distinguished,  but  as  the  buildings  were 
caught  in  the  maelstrom  of  ice  and  water  and  twisted  and  tum- 
bled about,  the  tenants  were  seen  one  by  one  to  lose  their  hold  and 
drop  into  the  waves  until  not  one  remained.  No  words  can  de- 
scribe the  horror  of  that  terrible  sight,  as  witnessed  by  thousands 
of  awe-filled  eyes  from  Yankton's  house-tops.  In  two  hours  from 
the  time  the  first  mass  of  ice  crashed  into  the  village,  not  a  house 
was  left  standing,  save  one  store,  which  being  prq,tected  by  large 
trees,  and  lined  with  brick,  still  stands,  though  battered  and  crush- 
ed into  a  shapeless  hovel.  The  mind  of  the  most  imaginative 
writer  of  fiction  that  ever  lived  never  pictured  a  destruction  more 
swift,  more  complete,  or  more  dreadful. 

The  foregoing  is  a  brief  and  imperfect  description  of  the  floods 
of  Wednesday,  as  they  appeared  from  this  point. 

THE  STEAMBOATS. 

The  damage  done  to  steamboats  on  all  the  lines  with  head- 
quarters at  Yankton  is  almost  incalculable.  Every  boat  at  or  in 
the  vicinity  of  Yankton  is  damaged  terribly.  The  Western  is  en- 
tirely gone — torn  into  kindling  wood.  The  Butte  is  broken  square 
in  two  in  the  middle,  and  is  considered  a  total  loss.  The  Helena 
is  twisted  like  an  auger,  and  jammed  full  of  holes.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  she  can  be  made  serviceable  again  this  season.  The  Black 
Hills,  of  the  three  boats  on  the  ways,  is  the  least  damaged,  but 
even  she  is  badly  racked  and  crushed.  The  Peninah  and  Nellie 
Peck  were  driven  high  and  dry  on    the  bank,  where  they   now   lie 


250  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTEKX    DAKOTA. 

in  a  badly  sli uttered  condition.  The  Yankton  ferry-boat.  Living- 
stone was  driven  clear  across  the  railroad  track,  where  she 
now  lies.  It  will  require  an  enormous  expenditure  to  get  all  of 
these  boats  repaired  and  into  the  channel  again.  Old  steamboat- 
men  say  that  in  all  their  experience  on  the  river,  they  have  never 
known  so  disastrous  a  series  of  losses. 

The  people  of  Yankton  never  exhibited  themselves  in  a  better 
light  than  during  the  terrible  experiences  of  the  past  week.  Every 
one,  so  far  as  our  knowledge  extends,  has  exerted  himself  to  re- 
lieve the  sufferings  of  the  inundated  population,  and  on  AVednes- 
day  night  every  house  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  city  Avas  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  people  fleeing  from  the  waters.  Food,  cloth- 
ing and  fire  were  furnished  for  all,  and  we  believe  that  there  were 
no  cases  of  actual  physical  suffering. 

It  was  a  weird  and  picturesque  scene  that  was  presented  on  the 
river  front  Thursday  morning,  and  one  might  imagine  that  he 
was  gazing  at  one  of  the  imaginary  pictures  drawn  by  Jules  Verne 
in  his  "Field  of  Ice."  The  cold  wind  had  frozen  the  gigantic  piles 
of  ice  which  had  gorged  on  the  shore  the  day  previous,  solid,  and  a 
thousand  fastastic  shapes  and  pinnacles  were  presented.  The  great 
boats  were  sheathed  in  an  icy  armour,  and  the  strange  manner  in 
which  they  were  strewn  about,  added  to  the  novelty  of  the  sight. 
The  oldest  inhabitant  even  was  silent,  and  privately  acknowledged 
that  he  had  never  seen  anything  to  equal  it. 


[The  Dakota  Herald,  April  9th.  J 
THE  GREAT  G0RC4E. 

Terrible  as  was  the  inundation  described  in  last  week's  Herald^ 
it  pales  before  the  horrors  of  the  one  which  has  deluged  the  face 
of  the  earth,  for  four  hundred  miles  up  and  down  the  Missouri 
River  during  the  past  week.  While  more  actual  loss  of  life  and 
property  may  have  resulted  from  the  terrible  suddenness  of  the 
first  onslaught  of  the  turbid  tide,  in  the  heighth  reached  by  the 
water  and  in  the  awful  body  of  ice  born  on  its  current  the  second 
and  latest  rise  completely  overshadows  the  former.  The  spectacle 
as  furnished  the  sight-seers  from  Sunday  evening  until  Wednes- 
day morning  was  one  constant  panorama  of  continually  changing 
scenes  of  interest,  all  Idended  into  a  phantasmagoria  of  awful  sub- 


THE    FLOOD   AT    YANKTON".  251 

liniityancl  grandeur  by  the  knowledge  of  the  tremendous  destruc- 
tion of  property  and  life  that  all  felt  must  be  taking  place,  when- 
ever such  life  and  property  were  located  on  the  valley  lands  drained 
by  the  monstrous  and  merciless  river.  Briefly  described,  the  man- 
ner of  the  coming  of  the  last  rise  was  as  follows:  As  stated  last 
week,  after  the  great  rise  of  Wednesday  the  30tli  ult.,  which  in- 
undated lower  Yankton  and  the  Jim  River  bottoms,  and  swept  the 
town  of  Green  Island  out  of  existence  in  a  few  hours,  the  river  fell 
rapidly  back  into  its  banks.  Thursday,  Friday  and  Saturday,  it 
remained  with  but  little  change,  although  constantly  filled  with 
floating  ice,  sometimes  in  greater  quantities  than  others.  On  Sun- 
day morning,  however,  it  commenced  to  rise  rapidly,  owing  to  the 
gathering  of  the  ice  a  few  miles  below  the  city.  The  water  con- 
tinued to  come  steadily  up  all  day,  the  gorge  meanwhile  extending 
itself  up  the  river  with  amazing  swiftness.  Towards  evening  peo- 
ple living  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  who  had  moved  back  after 
the  falling  of  the  first  rise,  again  began  to  move  out,  and  that 
their  fears  were  well  grounded,  was  proven  on  Monday  morning, 
when  the  waters  again  covered  all  that  portion  of  the  city  below 
the  bench.  All  day  Monday  the  gorge  held  firm,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  intervals  for  a  moment  or  two,  when  it  would  groan  and 
heave  and  move  a  few  rods  down  the  stream,  only  to  become  sta- 
tionary again.  The  water  rose  steadily  all  the  time^  and  the  press- 
ure brought  to  bear  on  the  gorge  must  have  been  incalculable. 
When  the  tremendous  mass  would  move  down  the  river,  on  one  of 
its  semi-occasional  jerks,  great  masses  of  ice  weighing  many  tons, 
would  be  forced  high  in  the  air  and  borne  along  until  finally  they 
would  be  overridden  by  a  piece  yet  larger  than  themselves  and 
agaiu  forced  under.  The  large  trees,  a  foot  or  more  in  diameter, 
which  stood  on  the  side  of  the  bank  on  the  point  just  above  the 
city,  were  submerged  by  the  rising  torrent  and  finally  cut  smooth 
oft'  and  dragged  under  as  if  in  the  tentacles  of  one  of  the  mighty 
devil  fishes  described  by  Hugo.  The  whole  Green  Island  bottom 
opposite  the  city  was  again  being  ground  beneath  the  mighty  mill- 
stones of  ice,  heaving  and  rolling  about  as  if  seeking  fresh  prey  on 
that  devastated  spot.  This  was  the  only  place  where  the  ice 
moved  continually  on  Monday.  The  gorge  continued  all  night 
Monday  and  all  day  Tuesday,  with  but  little  change  of  its  features. 
All  this  time  the  streets  were  literally  alive  with  people.  At  last, 
on  Tuesday  evening  at  4  o'clock  the  mighty   wall  of  ice  suddenly 


25'?  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

gathered  itself  for  a  last  assault,  and  then  with  a  resounding  roar 
gave  way  and  went  tumbling  down  in  one  mighty  avalanche  of  de- 
struction, awful  to  gaze  upon  and  grand  beyond  description  in  its 
resistless  progress.  The  water  fairly  leaped  up,  and  in  a  few  mo- 
ments had  reached  its  highest  altitude  since  the  beginning  of  the 
flood — 41  feet  above  low  water  mark.  Below  town  the  current 
swept  straight  out  across  the  bottom,  the  gorge  having  not  yet 
broken  five  miles  below  the  city.  The  same  scenes  were  enacted 
as  on  the  Wednesday  previous.  The  water  rushed  through  the 
lower  part  of  the  city  like  a  mill-race.  Solid  cakes  of  clear,  blue 
ice,  three  feet  thick  and  of  vast  circumference,  were  carried  along 
with  amazing  swiftness.  All  that  saved  the  entire  lower  part  of 
the  city  from  destruction,  was  the  fact  that  the  huge  bank  of  ice 
formed  on  this  side  during  the  first  gorge,  and  left  there  by  the 
receding  waters,  held  firm  and  prevented  the  immense  body  of  ice 
in  the  channel  from  rushing  Yanktonwards.  As  it  was,  the  lower 
Goverment  warehouse  was  entirely  destroyed,  the  small  one  just 
below  the  ways,  ditto,  while  the  middle  one  is  but  little  better  than 
a  total  loss.  E.  P.  Wilcox's  mammoth  stock  of  lumber  was  en- 
tirely lost  with  the  exception  of  a  small  quantity  in  the  sheds  on 
the  west  side,  which  stood  the  flood.  A  huge  floe  struck  the  cor- 
ner of  Tom  Stewart's  house,  literally  tearing  the  entire  end  out  of 
it.  Nearly  every  house  in  the  district  bounded  by  Capitol  street  on 
the  west,  and  Third  street  on  the  north,  is  scarred  and  battered, 
and  many  of  them  damaged  considerably.  Many  small  barns  and 
sheds  were  carried  off  bodily. 

The  torrent  continued  to  pour  out  over  the  bottom  between 
Risling's  farm  and  Kunze's  brick  yard  for  about  two  hours,  and 
fears  were  entertained  that  another  gorge  would  be  formed  there, 
but  about  7  o'clock  the  big  gorge  in  the  river  below  Risling's  tim- 
ber burst,  and  the  terrible  storm  of  ice  and  water  took  to  its  first 
love,  the  main  channel,  and  the  water  fell  more  rapidly  than  it 
had  risen.  By  ten  o'clock  the  water  was  out  of  the  city  limits  and 
by  Wednesday  morning  the  streets  were  again  passable.  But  it 
was  a  scene  of  dessolation  and  ruin  that  presented  itself.  Little 
but  the  bare  houses  and  the  great  mass'es  of  ice,  tons  in  a  place, 
remained.  Everything  moveable  had  been  swe})t  away.  Scarcely 
a  piece  of  wood  in  the  shape  of  fences,  fuel,  barrels,  boxes,  and 
small  utensils  had  escaped.  But  looking  over  toward  the 
river  bank  where  hugh  mountains  of  ice  reared  their  heads  twenty 


THE   FLOOD   AT    YANKTON".  253 

feet  high,  the  people  could  well  afford  to  be  thankful.  Had  that 
shore  gorge  given  completely  away  and  allowed  the  heaving  chan- 
nel, which  watchers  say  was  at  times  ten  feet  higher  than  the 
shore,  to  sweep  through  the  city,  it  is  doubtful  whether  a  house 
would  have  been  left  standing  in  the  inundated  region,  or  a  steam- 
er remained  at  the  levee. 

Cruel  and  savage  as  those  awful  glaciers  appear,  the  salvation  of 
lower  Yankton  resulted  from  their  remaining  where  they  did,  and 
nothing  but  the  fact  that  the  receding  of  the  waters  of  the  first 
gorge  allowed  them  to  settle  into  the  mud  of  the  bar,  where  they 
were  frozen  into  a  solid  mass,  from  six  to  twenty  feet  deep,  a  mile 
long  and  from  twenty  to  forty  rods  wide,  prevented  them  from  be- 
ing driven  from  their  places  by  the  Titanic  strength  of  Tuesday's 
rise,  and  hurled  through  the  streets,  plowing  a  furrow  of  destruc- 
tion sickening  to  contemplate.  Enough  ice  did  break  through  to 
show  its  power,  and  the  result  if  the  whole  had  moved  cannot  be 
doubted.  The  fate  that  was  Green  Island's  would  have  been  lower 
Yankton's,  and  where  the  loss  can  now  be  computed  by  tens  of 
thousands,  it  would  have  been  hundreds  of  thousands. 

THE  SUBMERGED  BOTTOMS. 

The  reports  brought  in  from  time  to  time,  this  week,  by  parties 
engaged  in  the  work  of  rescuing  the  inhabitants  from  the  bottoms, 
between  Yankton  and  Vermillion,  are  of  the  most  horrifying  de- 
scription. A  thickly  settled  valley,  twenty-five  miles  long  and 
from  five  to  ten  miles  wide,  which  two  weeks  ago  presented  a  rich 
and  flourishing  aspect,  dotted  closely  with  cozy  and  comfortable 
farm  houses,  is  now  nothing  but  a  desert  of  water  and  ice,  whose 
monotony  is  only  broken  here  and  there  by  the  roof  of  some  house 
or  the  tops  of  a  grove  of  trees.  The  gi-eat  ice  floes  are  piled  in  fan- 
tastic shapes,  which  rival  the  very  Bad  Lands  for  wonderful  views, 
while  the  air  of  utter  desolation  and  woe  which  hangs  over  this 
Gehenna  of  destroying  elements  chills  the  stoutest  heart.  Not  a 
foot  of  this  whole  tract  but  is  covered  not  less  than  two  feet  with 
water.  Many  of  the  lighter  and  less  substantial  houses  have  been 
carried  away,  while  of  the  hundreds  of  barns  and  sheds  with  their 
thousands  of  cattle,  horses  and  hogs,  but  a  very  small  portion  re- 
mains. It  is  amid  such  scenes  of  sorrow^  and  sadness  as  these  that 
the  crews  of  Capt.  Lavender,  S.  K.  I^elton,  J.  H.  Moulton,  Erick 
Iverson,  C.H.Bates,  Capt.  Noble,  Wm.  Giggey  and  many  others, 
have  been  working  for  over  a  week  past.     During  that  time  they 


254  HISTORY   OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

have  removed  iitMrly  tliree  Jiundred  people  to  the  bluffs,  and  the 
Avovk  is  still  going  on,  many  people  being  yet  on  the  bottoms. 

UP  THE  RIVER. 

The  reports  received  this  week  from  points  above  Yankton, 
nearly  all  confirm  the  worst  published  in  our  last  issue.  Commen- 
cing at  Smutty  Bear  bottom  two  or  three  miles  above  the  city,  and 
extending  to  INIandan,  opposite  Bismarck,  is  but  the''unbroken 
record  of  casualty  and  disaster.  .Everything  within  the  reach  of 
the  .yeasty  mountains  of  water  that  have  passed  us,  has  been 
swallowed  up,  and  reports  of  loss  of  life  are  quite  numerous 
Frankfort  bottom,  opposite  Smutty  Bear,  which  was  well  stocked 
with  horses  and  cattle,  is  ripped  from  end  to  end,  and  is  now  but 
one  solid  field  of  ice.  Hundreds  of  animals  were  seen  to  be  over- 
whelmed from  this  side,  but  nothing  is  yet  definitely  known  as  to 
the  loss  of  human  life. 

GREEN"   island's   HORROR. 

The  horrible  catastrophe  which  overtook  Green  Island  last  week 
loses  nothing  of  its  appalling  features,  save  that  there  is  now  a 
probability  that  no  lives  were  lost  save  that  of  Mischke,  who  ^is 
yet  unaccounted  for.  Most  of  the  people  have  been  removed  to 
this  side  or  to  the  Nebraska  bluffs,  although  at  the  time  of  the 
flood  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  of  this  week,  there  were  still  people 
at  the  Morton  residence  and  the  brick  house  below  town.  Noth- 
ing has  been  heard  from  them  since  then,  but  they  are  believed  to 
be  all  right.  The  narratives  of  some  of  the  rescued  who  are  stop- 
ping in  Yankton  are  thrilling  in  the  extreme.  Clinging  to  house- 
tops and  trees,  they  may  be  said  to  have  fought  a  hand-to-hand 
fight.  Not  a  man  on  the  whole  bottom  saved  a  dollar's  worth  of 
property,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  head  of  cattle  which  gath- 
ered on  the  high  knoll  at  the  Morton  residence.  The  net  loss 
must  be  nearly  $50,000,  not  taking  into  consideration  the  incalcu- 
lable value  of  many  household  goods  destroyed,  which  were  hal- 
lowed by  the  tender  memories  of  a  life  time,  and  which,  had  they 
been  saved,  would  have  gone  far  toward  breaking  the  bitterness  of 
the  greater  losses. 

The  lives  actually  known  to  be  lost,  as  reported  thus  far,  are 
remarkably  few,  considering  the  scenes  of  deadly  peril  that  so 
many  have  passed  through.  We  pray  that  the  list  may  not  be 
swollen  by  fuller  particulars  from  isolated  places.      The  following 


THE   FLOOD   AT   YANKTOX,  255 

are  the  only  persons  known  to  be  drowned,  and  those  who  are  gen- 
erally given  up:  Joseph  Inch,  Hans  Cole,  J.  Mischke,  Joseph  Loe- 
ber,  Frank  Bates,  wife  and  child.  Wm.  Hadderman,  unknown  man 
and  squaw  at  White  Swan. 

At  the  time  of  the  issuance  of  this  pamphlet  (April  9th,  1881), 
the  waters  are  rapidly  subsiding.  The  reports  that  come  in  from 
the  submerged  sections  are  in  the  highest  degree  encouraging,  and 
but  for  the  loss  of  property  and  the  suffering  engendered  hj  expos- 
ure, but  few  complaints  would  be  heard. 

Gratifymg  news  from  Meckling  and  Gayville  announces  that 
the  water  is  rapidly  seeking  its  level,  and  that  no  lives  have  been 
lost,  thanks  to  the  efforts  of  the  gallant  crews  of  rescuers  who  have 
worked  so  indefatigably  since  the  commencement  of  the  flood. 
Some  portions  of  the  bottom  are  now  dry  and  if  the  waters  con- 
tinue to  fall  as  there  is  but  little  doubt  but  they  will,  the  whole 
will  soon  be  passable  for  footmen.  The  only  place  not  heard  from 
is  the  remote  corner  of  Haggin's  Bend,  where  several  families  are 
known  to  have  been  at  the  commencement  of  the  flood.  Grave 
fears  are  entertained  as  to  their  safety.  At  Elk  Point,  news 
received  to-day,  renders  it  certain  that  no  damage  has  been  done 
except  what  has  resulted  from  the  rush  of  water  four  feet  deep 
through  the  streets.  The  most  of  the  inhabitants  had  fled  to  the 
high  bluffs  on  the  Iowa  side  of  the  Sioux  River,  eight  miles  dis- 
tant. Never  before  had  water  been  known  to  enter  the  limits  of 
Elk  Point,  which  is  regarded  as  the  highest  point  between  the 
junction  of  the  Sioux  and  Missouri  Rivers  and  Yankton,  a  distance 
of  about  60  miles.  From  the  country  between  Elk  Point  and 
Sioux  City,  a  distance  of  about  20  miles^  most  deplorable  accounts 
are  received.  From  a  distance  of  five  miles  beyond  Elk  Point  and 
extending  to  the  junction  of  the  rivers,  the  water  has  been  from  5 
to  12  feet  deep.  Every  hoof  of  stock  is  destroyed,  and  with  them 
human  lives.  Houses,  barns,  fences  and  farming  implements  were 
all  swept  away  in  one  common  ruin,  and  the  farmers  of  that  dis- 
trict, accounted  the  richest  in  the  Territor}^  are  left  almost  penni- 
less. The  whole  bottom,  from  Vermillion  to  Sioux  Point,  is  rep- 
resented to  be  entirely  covered  with  monstrous  cakes  of  ice,  with 
the  exception  of  a  small  spot  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Elk 
Point.  All  reports  tend  to  confirm  the  general  belief  that  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  river  below  Vermillion  many  lives  have 
been  lost,  and,  indeed,  taking  into  consideration  the  extreme  width 


256  HISTORY    OF   SOUTHEASTERN   DAKOTA. 

and  lowness  of  the  valley  in  that  region,  it  could  hardly  be  other- 
wise. The  loss,  of  course,  in  property,  is  simply  incalculable. 
Coining  toward  home,  but  little  change  remains  to  report  from  the 
accounts  from  the  Herald^  preceding  this  concluding  chapter.  The 
bottoms,  of  course,  are  in  a  terrible  condition  and  hundreds  of  peo- 
ple are  in  a  state  of  utter  destitution.  Thousands  upon  thousands 
of  cattle  and  horses  are  lying  dead,  and  a  very  hell  of  havoc  and 
ruin  is  presented  to  the  gaze.  For  miles  and  miles  the  valley  is 
strewn  with  the  wrecks  and  fragments  of  what  two  weeks  ago  were 
happy  homes,  and  seeking  shelter  among  neighbors  are  to  be  found 
hundreds  of  people  who  were  but  lately  considered  independent, 
A  terrible  change  it  is,  truly;  but  already  there  are  sigus  of  a  re- 
viving spirit.  The  grit  and  determination  of  the  true  westerner 
shows  forth  in  the  words  and  actions  of  every  impoverished  settler;' 
and  it  will  be  but  a  few  weeks  until  the  hum  of  agricultural  indus- 
try will  be  heard  on  the  spots  where  the  devastating  ice  now  rests 
in  absolute  possession.  The  waters  are  seeking  their  natural  chan- 
nel, the  sun  is  beginning  to  shine,  and  with  the  springing  up  of 
the  grass,  and  the  coming  of  seed-time,  the  sorrows  of  the  present 
will  be  forgotten  in  the  whirl  of  industry  and  preparation  for 
future  prosperity. 

Here  in  Yankton  "things"  are  0.  K.  People  who  fled  to  escape 
the  [rising  floods  are  moving  back,  losers  are  counting  up  their 
losses,  and  the  whole  ci-ty  is  devoted  to  the  work  of  relieving  the 
wants  of  the  needy,  made  so  by  the  infernal  (if  we  may  be  par-, 
doned  the  word)  floods  of  the  last  two  weeks.  Everybody  rejoices 
over  the  subsidence  of  the  waters,  and  joy  runs  particularly  high 
over  the  comparatively  small  loss  of  life.  The  "oldest  inhabitant" 
and  the  "tenderfoot"  lie  down  together  and  each  tells  stories  of 
equal  magnitude.  Business  commences  *to  revive,  and  with  the 
opening  of  the  railroad,  which  Superintendent  Sanborn  assures  us 
will  take  place  at  the  earliest  practicable  date,  the  city  will  take  on 
its  normal  aspect. 


TheGreatSiouxCityiPacific  Railroad 

OONSTITUTINCg- 


AND  THE 


•^"Great  East  and  West  Line 


!S^ 


KUNS 

PULLMAN  PALACE  SLEEPING  CARS 

BETWEEN 

Kansas  City  and  St.  Paul 

A^v  D  A 

SOLID  m\n  from  COUNCIL  BLOFFS  to  ST.  PAUL 

\%itliout  Change.    TIME:  IG  HOURS. 

The  EAST  and  WEST  LINE  Trains  leave  Sioux  City  at  3.48  a.  m.  and 
and  1.50  p.  m.  for  CHICAG-0  and  all  intermediate  points. 

Pullman  Palace  Sleeping  Cars 

AND 

IMPERIAL  PALACE    DINING  CARS 

ALSO  THE 


Trains  leave  LONG  PINE  (within  50  miles  of  Fort  Niobrara)  and  fall  into 
line  with  this  Great  Route,  connecting'  at 

J^issoTJiri  Valley  J" -0.11011011 

For  CHICAGO  and  all  po'nts  East.      Th^s  ELK  HORN  VALLEY  ROUTE 
runs  throuffh  the  GARDEN  AGRICULTURAL  SECTION  of  NORTH- 
EASTERN NEBRASKA,  and  into  the  celebrated 

FREE  HOMES  FOR    THE  MILLIOjYS 

Section  along  the  upper  waters  of  the  Niobrara  and  Elkhoi-n  Rivers,  and  Long 
Pine  and  Plum  Tree  Creek  Valleys. 

J.  S.  WATTLES,  J.  R.  BUCHANAN, 

Superintendent.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 

P.  E.  ROBINSON,  Ass't  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 

mi»>SOURt  VALLEY,  IOWA. 


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SIOUX  FALLS, 


^^£:^./i^2:?^^^>/^  '^'^ 


,  W,  BROO 


THE  LARGEST 


mlers  iti  ^ed  ^^htk 


DAKOTA  LANDS. 


lIPFimft  FAMS  and  CITI  PKiEETI 


J^ATI'   o  - 


Low  Figures, 


SIOUX   FALLS,  DAKOTA. 


Commenced  Building  in  1879. 


Completed,  Oct.  1881. 


COST,  $325,000. 


H 


KJ  J_Jl_JX 


H 


H 


H 


joui  Falls  lakf  Potr  Coiiipaiif 


^nVCa.xxTxfsi.o't-ca.x'ex's    of^ 


Choice  Patent  Spring  Wheat 


FLOUR. 


PPxINCrPAL  BRANDS: 

Queen  Bee,  Jasper  and  Big  Stone. 


J.  II.  DRAKE, 

President. 


C.  W.  HUBBARD, 

Supt.  and  Sec. 


SiOTja.3s:     JF'.sa.lls. 


lI>alkoln   Alc.tl  I-li^tiitte  iSoii;;i!ifl,  ^ol4l  ami 
Kxt'liciiigetl.       Xsaxes    fl^uitl    lor    I^oii- 
9  ISe.<^i(l«-']it!i>.    9<iioHX  A'^allM,  S>:il<4>ta. 


EGAlSr. 

GEO.  M.  DE  GROFF, 

GEO.   R.  LANXING, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW, 

^rcpiidoV'  0/  ^^aii  ^xptcU 

EGAN. 

EGAN. 

W.  E.  GESSELL, 

T.  T.  TAYLOR, 

CONFECTIONEK 

And  Dealer  in  Yankee  Notions, 

Proprietor 

TAYLOR    HOUSE 

EGAN. 

EGAN. 

Thos.  Van  De  Grift, 

D.  BIDWELL  &  SON, 

GRAIN    DEALER, 

DEALERS  IN 

General  Merchandise 

EGAN. 

EGAN. 

JOHX  HOB  ART, 

J.  E.  SCHNEIDER, 

Hardware  Dealer, 

Pliysician  and  Surgeon, 

EGAN. 

EGAN. 

ELI  BOY>TOX, 

GEO.  E.  BIDWELL, 

Lumber    Dealer, 

Dealer  in 

BOOKS  AND  STATiO^ERY 

EG  AN. 

EGAN. 

M.  GRIGSBV.                                          GEO.  M.  SMITH. 

BANK  OF  EGAX, 

ENOSIKARN, 

A  General  Banking  Business   Transacted. 
Real  Elate  Loans  a  Specialty  . 

1«'oai    S^^^&ei 

EGAN. 

EGAN. 

1 

rnilfl&l     r       OAOr     l>iiK4>t»   ICoal    i:!9ta<o    lluu^lil,  Soltl  and 
rliWlN     r       \Alir         i:x<;liaiiKe«l.     laxos  raia  lor    I\uu-Rc»i- 

LUfflli    Li    UfiUL      «ioiitM.    i^ioux  raiiM,  i>.'r. 


EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


]>aI«:otH  Real  Ki^tate  ISongSit.  !<a1«1  and 
Kxeliaiiged.  Taxes  Paid  lor  ]\oii-Re<!>i- 
dents.    Nioitx  Falls.  I».  X. 


EDWIN  E,  SAGE 


l»siko1:i  R4>:il  IC^tatc  IBoii^Iil.  Nold  :t]i<l 
IOx4-li:iii;;'«Ml.  'I'ax*'*  I'aitl  ior  I\oii-Kesi- 
doiif  M.     Sioiix  l-'alliS,  B».  X. 


HURON. 


J.  T.  McAVHOKTOR, 

Livery  &  Sale  Stable 


HDKOiV. 


I.  J.   MOUSER, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 


ABSTRACTS  OP  TITLE 
HUKOIV. 


EDWIN  G.  WHEELER, 

Pioneer   Mercluint, 

Wholesale  luid  Retail  Dealer  in  Drug-s, 
Rdoks,  Stationerv.    Sewing-    Machines  and 
all  liinds  ol  Musical  Merchandise. 
HURON. 


RICHARDSON   BROS. 

FURNITURE    CARPETS, 

News  Depot,    lllank  Books,  Wall  Paper, 
Trunks,  Valises. 

OIHce  Anieiiean  E.vpress  Company,  and 
Western  Stage  Conipauj . 

HUKON. 


G.  A.  McKTNNIS, 

J^iQptieioF  of  &umpmii  Jioiel  mid  c^tMatitanf, 


HUROX. 


EDEN. 


ODELL    BROS. 

MEAT  MARKET 

And   Dealers  in  Lime,  Brick,  Plaster,  etc. 

KHIiX. 


L.  T.  FARLEY, 

Proprietor  of 

Commercial   Hotel, 


W.  K.  SLADE  &  CO. 

DE.VI.EKS    l.N 

General  Hardware, 

ICOICX. 


OVERSETH  &  DYSTE, 

Dealers  in 

General  Merchandise 


fCHKN. 


G.  W.  MATHEW^S, 

Publisher  of  Eden  Sun 


liWICM. 


SNYDER  HOUSE, 

A.  SNYDEIJ,  Prop. 
EIDEIV. 


L.  PRITZKAN, 

Agent  I'or 

Si.  (Bioix  £uinbet  Bcmjmnij 
ii:ui!:N. 


S.  P.  MACKEY, 

Ba^hic'c  ^ah'ofa  J^oan  ^'  S'mii 

('OINIPANY, 

Does  a  General  Banking-  Business, 

EDKIV. 


S.  B.  CULBERTSON, 

*Dmkr-  in  Qmmal  Jitemhandik'.    Baih  J? aid  for-  Stock  £^  §mm 


EDUIV. 


Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Boiiglit,  Sold  and 
li^xeltaiitied.  Taxes  Paid  lor  Non-Rosi- 
deiits.    Sioux  Falls,  D.  T. 


WATERTOWN. 

BENNETT  &  BRIGGS. 

East  "Watertown  Hotel, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

Wm.  McIxtyre,  Prop. 

AVATERTOWN. 

WATERTOAVN. 

D.  C.  &  W.  R.  THOMAS, 

CODINGTON   CO.  BANK, 

Attorneys  at  Lav/, 

WALRATH&:  Sheldon,  Props. 

WATERTO\rN. 

AVATERTOWN. 

ALEXANDER  BROS. 

MERCHANTS'  HOTEL, 

GRAIN  DEALERS, 

J.  C.  MuLHOLLAND,  Prop. 

WATERTOWN. 

WATERTOAVN. 

C.  C.  MAXWELL, 

SEWARD,  GLASS  &  EDDY, 

Temperance  Billard  Parlors 

ATTORNEYS  AT  LAW, 

WATERTOWN. 

AVATERTOAAN. 

S.  D.  SCUDDER, 

G.  E.  BARTLETT, 

Real  Estate  and  Loan  Ag't 

BLACK  SMITHING, 

WATERTOWN. 

WATERTOWN. 

POORE  &  CHURCH, 

C.  G.  SHERWOOD, 

Attoroej's  at  Law,  Real  Estate  &  Loan  AgectSj 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW, 

WATERTOWN. 

Clark  County,  D.  T. 

M.  G.  COBB, 

EMPIRE  LUMBER  CO. 

UVSUHAJVCU  AGEJVT, 

Wm.  Reed,  Agent, 

GARY. 

WATERFOWN. 

F.  W.  HOYT, 

ULRICK  &  BEALS, 

GiotliiBg  and  Kent's  Furnisliiiig  Goods, 

PROPRIETORS    CENTRAL    HOUSE 

WATERTOWN. 

WATERTOAVN. 

^^      I  ■  fBH       ^S  ]>akota   I 

Edwin  E.  Sage  j^-r- 


]>akota  Itoal   KKtate    Ifuii:>;Iit,   Sold    ami 
ued.     Taxes  Pai<l  Jor  Noii-Kei«i- 
.     SIuiix  Falls,  I>.  T. 


WATERTOWN. 

PETER    MAUSETH, 

CAMPBELL  &  COMFORT, 

Fimvltare  Dea  1ei% 

ATTORNEYS   AT   LAW 

And  Undortakcr. 
W  A  T  E  K  T  O  W  N. 

WATERTOWN; 

H.  O.  HAGELL, 

BANK  OF  WATERTOWN, 

General  Merchandise 

0.  C.  Johnson,  Prop. 

AVATEKTOAVN. 

AVATERTOWN. 

Heiiitz  &  Hassinger, 

C.  H.  BRADFORD, 

General  Merchandise 

General  Merchandise 

WATEUTOWX. 

WATERTOWN. 

Cleveland  &  Green, 

TARBELL  BROS. 

General  Merchandise 

Drugs,  Books!  Stationery 

WATERTOWN. 

WATERTOWN. 

Owsley  Bros.  &  Co. 

MONKS  &  WISER, 

General  Merchandise 

Jiar^dmate  ^  ola^m  jlimhincUj 

WATERTOWN. 

W^ATERTOWN. 

JOHNSON  HOUSE, 

RICE  BROS. 

JOHNSON  &  CARTFOUD,  Proprietors. 

General  Merchandise 

AVATERTO«N. 

AVATERTOWN. 

STEVENS   &  WHISTLER, 

KEMP  BROS. 

MEAT  MARKET, 

Jiardimm  ^  c^mm  Jllachinettj 

AVATERTOWN. 

WATERTOWN. 

JAMES  RILEY, 

THOMAS  &  DEMING. 

Harness  and  Saddlery, 

9vcal'§:>ta^■ecnv^  il'oan  tlcjctib 

WATERTOWN. 

WATERTOWN. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Boiiglit  ifiiold  and 
Kxcliani^ed.  Taxes  Paid  lor  Non-Res- 
deiits.    Sioux  Fails,  I).  T. 


WATERTOWN. 


ARCHIE  WEAVER, 

]  )ealer  in 
GROCERIES,  PROVISIONS,  CROCK- 
ERY, BOOTS,  SHOES,  Etc. 

Oalt  Street,  ^VATERTOAVN. 


O.  E.  DEWEY  &  CO, 

C^^DRUGS  AND  GROCERIES, ^^ 

Paints,  Oils,  Patent  Medicines,  Crockery 
and  Glassware.  Gloves  and  Mitts  in  season. 
Maple  St.,  opp .  Depot,         WATE  RTO WN . 


C.  C.  WILEY  &  CO. 
Real  Estate  and  Loan  Agents, 


WATERTOWN. 


VOLGA. 


E.  SNIDER, 
SAMPLE  ROOM, 


VOIiGA. 


E.  S.  JOHNSON, 

B  .A.  k:  E  rt  ^, 


VOLGA. 


W.  M.  NICHOLS, 
Dealer  in  Flour  cf  Feed, 


VOLGA. 


MITCHELL  &  ENGLESON 

REAL  ESTATE, 

Lo.^iN  AND  Collection  Agency, 

VOLGA. 


NILS  KJOS, 

Dealer  in  General  Hardware,  Tinware, 

Stoves,  Table  and  Pocket  Cutlery. 

Farm  Macliinerj-. 

VOLGA. 


J.  W.  ASK, 
Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

VOLGA. 


Seielstad  &  Hansen, 

Dealers  in  Dry  Goods,  Notions,  Hats, 
Caps,  Boots,  Shoos,  Groceries,  and  Pro- 
visions. 

VOLG  1. 


P.  BALGORD, 

Wagon  and  Carriage  Maker, 


VOLGA. 


JOHN  ALBERTSON, 
Dealer  in  Grain  &  Farm  Machinery 


VOLGA. 


HARKINS  &  ROWLEY, 
Dealers  in   General    Merchandise, 

VOLGA. 


STEWART  &  HUNT, 
Livery  and  Feed  Barn, 


VOLGA. 


W.  FISHER  &  CO. 

Dealers  in  General  Merchandise,  Flour, 
Feed,  Carbon  Oil  and  Apples. 

Stoneware  in  Car  Lots  a  Specialty. 

VOLGA. 


piB      I  ■  ^B       ^  l»:ikota   K<>al    IXaln    Itn 

I"    n\A/in     r"        ^^PIO"^        l':x»liaii-t'd.    'lax«'.*l»ai 
li^vJ  VY  II  I    kaa  V^Ci^W        deiilM.    Siuiix  Fallw,  1». 


l»:ikota  K<>al  IXaln  Itoii^ht,  Sold  and 
i«l  lor  Noil  ItoMi- 
T. 


VOLGA. 

p.  PHILIP  CADY, 

JOSEPH   DAUM, 

Attorney  at  Law, 

DEALER  IN  BOOTS   AND   SHOES, 

Collections  a  Specialty.                    VOIiGA. 

Volga. 

T.  H.  3Iaguire  &  Co. 

ED.   ACHENBACH, 

Hakdwake  &  Farm  Machineky, 

MEAT    MARKET, 

VOIiGA. 

Volga. 

FARRINGTON  HOUSE. 

C.  H.  DRINKER, 

1.  P.  Farrington,  Prop. 

Dealer  in  DRUGS  &  STATIONERY, 

VOLGA. 

Volga. 

WILL  H.  DE  G-RAFF, 

FARMERS'  HOME, 

PHOTOGRAPHER, 

P.  C.  Ford,  Proprietor, 

Volga. 

VOLGA. 

RICH    HOUSE, 

DAKOTA  G-AZETTE, 

L.    V.    RICH,    Proprietor. 

Geo.  W.  Browx,  Editor  and  Proprietor 

Volga. 

VOLGA. 

HENRY  KIRBY, 

A.  C  PORTER, 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

Dealer  in  DRUGS  AND   JEWELRY, 

VOLGA. 

Volga. 

W.  E.  FRIBBS, 

T.  R.  JEVNE, 

CONTRACTOR  AND  BUILDER, 

Proprietor  of  Skandinavisk  House, 

Volga. 

VOLGA. 

JOHN  H.  IKE, 

WILSON    HOUSE, 

CONTRACTOR  AND  DUILDER, 

]\IiLLEH  Wilson,    Proprietor. 

VOL.GA. 

VOLGA. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


Uakota  Real  Estate  Uong-ht,  Nold  and 
Excliang'ed.  Xaxes  Paid  lor  IVon-Resi- 
dents.     Nioitx  Falls,  1>.  X. 


VOLGA. 

KATIE  C.  RYAN, 

CHARLES   KIETH, 

FASHIONABLE    MILLINERY 

and  Dressmaking.      Full  Line  of  Fancy 

Goods,  Trimmings,  &c.  Patterns  of 

Latest  Styles  Furnished  to  Order. 

VOIiGA. 

Dealer  in  Eveiything  in  the  Farm  Ma- 
chinery   Line,    Plows,    Drags,    Pumps, 
Wagons,    Wind   Mills,  etc..  Hard  and 
Soft  Coal  and  Wood. 
Highest  Market  Price  for  Wheat.    VOLGA. 

0.  L.  ANDERSON, 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  HARNESS,  SADDLES,  COLLARS,  and  aU  Kinds  of 

Horse  Furnishing  Goods.     Repairmg  Done  Neatly. 

VOIiGA. 

ELK  POINT. 

J.  A.  WALLACE, 

E.  W.  MILLER, 

ATTORJ^EY  AT  LAW, 

ATTOnJ^EY  AT  LAW, 

ELK  POINT. 

EliK  POINT. 

BENJAMIN  BRIGGS, 

J.  H.  BRYAN, 

FURNITURE, 

Blacksmith  and  Wagon   Maker, 

EliK  POINT. 

Elk  Point. 

E.  ROWE  &  SON 

J.  GRIFFIN  CONLEY, 

HardTrare  and  General  Merchandise 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

Elk  Point. 

BliK  POINT. 

F.  W.  SMYTHE, 

S.  W.  KENT, 

HARNESS  AND  SADDLERY, 

HARNESS  AND  SADDLERY, 

Elk  Point. 

Elk   Point. 

WARREN  FISK, 

URIAH  WOOD, 

M:eaT    I^ARKIBT, 

Livery,  Sale  and  Feed  Stable 

Elk  Point. 

ELK  POINT. 

JOHN  R.  WOOD, 

G.  B.  STECKMAN, 

Livery,  Feed  and  Sale  Stable 

WATCKMAKER  AND  JEWELER 

EliK  POINT. 

EliK  POINT. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE, 


l>akota  Real  Etiitate  Koiislif,  5<ol4l  :in<t 
Kx«"liaiis«Ml.  Xiixew  ■"aid  for  .'>i«m- 
l£fNi(l4'iil!».     Nioiix  I-^Jills,  IKikotsi. 


ELK  POINT. 


F.  STROBLE, 

CITY  MEAT  MARKET, „^ 
Elk  Point. 


JOHN  MOUNSEY, 

GROCERIES    AND    LIQUORS, 
Elk  Point. 


P.   VAIL, 

Ciirpenter  and  Builder, 


K1.K  POINT. 


H.  H.  BLAIR, 

Drugs  and  Medicines 


EIiK  POINT. 


ALMON  GORE, 

GROCERIES,  CONFECTIONERY 

and  DINING  HALL, 
ELK  POINT. 


TREFLE  BAIL, 

Carpenter  and  Builder, 


ELK  POINT. 


M.  W.  SHEAFE, 

Proprietor  of  Dakota  Flouring  Mills. 

EliK    POINT. 


SCOTLAND. 


J.  CH.  WENZLAFF, 

Dealer  in  Hardware, 

stoves,  Iron,  Steel,  Tin  and  Wooden  Ware, 

Wagons,  Reapers,  Mowers,  Seeders,  &c. 

SCOTLAND. 


JOE.  F.  WEBBER, 

Druggist  &  Apothecary, 


SCOTIiAND. 


BRINK  &  WHALING, 

Proprietors  of  the 


ZETUS  BROWN, 

Dealer  in 

Jl^timiiur^ul  (JmplemenU, 

Well  Augurs  and  Wini  Engines, 
XCOTIilND. 


C.  T.  CAMPBELL, 

Prop.  Campbell  House, 


SCOT1.AND. 


HIRAM  A.  REBATES, 

Dealer  in 


DEXTER  LIVERY,  FEED  !  J^  A  R.ID  W.A.R.HJ 


AND  SALE  STABLES, 

SCOTLAND. 


GEO.  STEIGER, 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

LIQUOR   DLALER 

SCOTLAND. 


And  Aj^'ricultural  Implements, 
SCOTLAND. 


CHARLES  MAYWALD, 

Dealer  in 

Harness,  Saddles,  Whips 

ET(^,  KTl,'. 

SCOTLAND. 


EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bong-ht,  ^iiold  and 
Excliaugecl.  'Faxes  Paid  torNoii-Resi- 
dents.     Nioiix  Falls,  I>  X. 


SCOTLAND. 


A.  J.  FAULK,  Jr.. 

SCOTI^AND. 


FOSKETT  &  REEVES, 

Dealers  in 

Hardware  and  Agriculturallmplements, 

SCOTL.A1VD. 


WILL  B.  ROBINSON, 

Agent   for 

Oshkosh  Lumber  Co, 

Dealers  in  Building  Material  and  Hard 
and  Soft  Coal. 

SCOTIiAND. 


STAFFORD  &  WILLIAMS, 

Dealei-8  in 

Dry  Goods  and  Groceries 

SCOTIiAND. 


JNO.  E.  MAXWELL, 

Laud  and  Loan  A^ent, 


SCOTIiAND. 


ROBT.  BOLLARD, 

Attorney  at  Law, 


SCOTIiAND. 


GALE  &  BOGERT, 

Bankers,  Transact  a  General  Banking  Business 

Colleetiona  will  Receive  Pronipt  Attention.      SCOTIi  AND. 


FLANDREAU. 


J.  A.  SCA3IAN, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 


FliANDREAU. 


T.  J.  SHIELDS, 

Dealer  in  Agricultural  Implements 


FLiANDKEAU. 


Wm.  DUNN, 

BLACKSMITH, 

And   dealer   In   Agricultural   Implements. 
FLANDREAU. 


W.  A.  CLARK, 

Harness    Maker 

F1.ANDREAU. 


A.  D.  BABB, 

ATTORNEY  AT   LAW 

Real  Estate  and  Chattel  Loans, 
F1.ANDREAU. 


NEPERUD  BROS. 

Dealers  in 

General  Merchandise 


FliANDREAU. 


W.  W.  CAYWOOD, 

Carpenter  and  Builder, 


C.  E.  THAYER, 

Cashier  O.  D.  Brewn  &  Co.'s  Banking 
House. 


FLANDREAU. 


Established  in  1879. 


FLANDREAU. 


EDWIN  E,  SAGE 


Iftakottt    Real    K^fate    KoiiKlit.  Wold    aiiid 
■<>x4-liaiiK^4'4l.      Taxes  Paid  for  I^on-itesi- 
d«''Ill^!•.     Nioiix  ■''alls,  l>.  '1'. 


FLANDREAU. 

D.  S.  WHITE, 

Dealer  in  Drugs  and  Medicines, 

FliANDREAU. 

GEO.    RICE, 

Attorney  at  Law  and  Loan  Agent, 

FLANDREAU. 

H.  A.  BATES, 

Barber  and  Hair  Dresser 

FLANDREAU. 

FRANK  MILLARD, 

Livery  and  Feed  Barn, 

FLANDREAU. 

JAMES  BRAY, 

Dealer  in  Drugs  and  Medicines, 

FI^ANDREAU. 

Wm.  JONES, 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

FLANDREAU. 

R.  L.  BROWN, 

Hardware  Dealer, 

FliANDREAl'. 

MICHAEL  Mcdonald, 

MEAT  MARKET, 

FLANDREAU. 

R.  J.  SIMENSON, 

Attorney  at  Law  and  Real  Estate 
Dealer. 

FLANDREAU. 

C.  C.  MARTIN, 

Dealer  in  Hardware,   Stives  and 
Tinware, 

FLANDREAU. 

M.  D.  L.  PETTIGREW, 

Proprietor 

FLAJVDREA  U  HO  USE, 

FLANDREAU. 

C.    F.    HALL, 

Dealer  in  Fancy  Groceries, 

FLANDREAU. 

F.  W.  PETTIGREW, 

Real  Estate  and  Loan  Agency, 

FLANDREAU. 

T.  J.  HAXTON, 

Livery  and  Feed  Stables, 

FLANDREAU. 

LINDSAY  BROS. 

Proprietors  of  Flaiitlreau  Flooriiig  Mills, 

FLANDREAU. 

H.  A.  HANGAN, 

Dealer   in   Dry   Goods,    Groceries, 
Hats,  Caps,  Boots,  Shoes,  etc. 

FLANDREAU. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bought,  Sold  an<i 
Kxelianged.  Taxes  Paid  for  Non-Kesi- 
dents.    Sioux  Falls.  D.  T. 


FLANDREAU. 

1 

S.  A.  HEATH, 
EARJYESS  MAKER, 

FI.ANDREAU. 

F.  C.  DICKSON, 

Dealei'  in  Groceries, 

FIiANDREAU. 

A.  S.  MOULTON, 

Dealer  in  Furniture  and  Groceries, 

FliANDREAU. 

GEO.  H.  FEW, 

Dealer  in  Hardware  and  Groceries, 

FLANDRFAU. 

THOMAS    FREEMAN, 

MERCHAJYT   TAILOR, 

FliAMORFAU. 

A.    S.    FRINK, 

RESTAURAJVT, 

Oysters,  Candles  and  Fruits, 
FLANDRFAU. 

DAHL  &  HOLDEN, 

Blacksmith  and  Wagon  Making, 

FliANDRSAU. 

A.    HIGGS, 

Boot  and  Shoe  Store, 

FLANDREAU. 

E.  HUNTINGTON, 

DEALER   IJ^  REAL   ESTATE, 

FL.ANDREAU. 

MADISON. 

S.  M.  JENKS, 

Physician  and  Surgeon 

MADISON. 

B.  D.  FROELTGER, 

Proprietor   of   Ten   Pin   Alley, 

MADISON. 

P.  H.  HARTH, 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

MADISON. 

N.  GROSCH, 

Merchant    Tailor   and   Dealer   in 
Gents  Furnishing  Goods. 

MADISON. 

CHAS.  B.  KENNEDY, 

Abstracts  of  Title,  Land,  Loan  Insurance 

and  Express  Agent. 

MADISON. 

T.  LANNON, 

BILLIARD  PARLOR, 

MADISON. 

P^...!.^  P"  ^^^.^  Dakota  ReaJ  KMate  Boiicht,  Sold  and 
r*  fl\A/l  rl  ^  ^HO^I^  Kxtliaiisrod.  TaxcN  Paid  tor  Non>RcMl- 
h^V^VYIII     &>•■    \i^Ci^^         doiur*.     Sioux   Fall)*,  I>.  T. 


MADISON. 

A.  B.  HOUTS, 

LIQUOR  DEALER, 

MADISON. 

A.  J.  CORNELYSON, 

Dealer  in  FURJVITURE 

MADISON. 

J.  J.  FITZGERALD, 

Dealer  in   General  Merchandise, 

IVIADISON. 

A.  A.  BROADIE, 

Pharmacist   and   Dealer   in  Drugs 
and  Medicines, 

MADISON. 

DREW  BROS. 

LUMBER  DEALERS, 

Bgan,  Madison  and  Dell  Kapids, 
ITIADISON. 

McCALLISTER  BROS. 

Dealer-  in  Hardware.  Stoves  and 
Tinware, 

MADISON. 

COMMERCIAL  HOUSE, 

J.  J.  Craneij. 

MADISON. 

CITIZENS'  BANK, 

MADISON. 

J.  W.  DAVISON, 

PIONEER  MERCHANT, 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

lUADISON. 

Madiisoii  Flouring  Mills, 

B.  D.  SPRAGUE,  Proprietor. 

MADISON, 

J.  M.  VAN  DERVORT, 

Livery  and  Feed  Stable, 

TIADISON. 

F.  L.  SOPER, 
ATTORJVEY  AT  LAW\ 

MADISON. 

A.  W.  CLARK. 

Livery  and  Feed  Barn, 

niADISON. 

C.  S.  RAYMOND, 

Dealer  in  Dry  Goods,  Groceries, Hats 
Caps,  Boots,  Shoes,  etc. 

MADISON. 

A.  E.  CLOUGH, 

Physician  and.  Surgeon 

Also  dealer   in    Drugs   and   Medicine.s, 
nADISON. 

Lake  County  Leader, 

i  idler  &  Co  ,  Publishers, 

MADISON 

En  lAf  in        F         O    B   A  F     Dakota  Real    Eftate    Bought,   Sold   and 
II  ^  I  n       K         O  A  U  Bl        Exchanged.    Tax eiii  Paid  for  Non-Kesl- 


dentsii.     Sioux  Falls,  D.  X. 


MADISON. 

AUGUST  PROEHL, 

0.  E.  BATCHELDER, 

FURNITURE   DEALER, 

DEALER  IN  REAL  ESTATE, 

.MADISON. 

MADISON. 

Lake  County  Bank, 

ALEXAJVDER  McKAY 

F.  W.  THAXTER,    W.    W.    WHITE, 
Cashier.                     President. 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

RIADISON. 

MADISON. 

JOHJV  BUCKLEY, 
Carpenter  and  Builder, 

MADISON  HOUSE, 

J.  D.  ANDREWS,  Prop. 

MADISON. 

MADISON. 

CLAPiK  4-   CAMEROJV, 

Wadsworth  &  Hart, 

Dealers   in 

Dsalers  in  all  kiadi  of 

General  Merchandise 

FARM  MA  CHIJiER  Y, 

MADISON. 

MADISON. 

O.  G.  AULEY, 

Gr.  K.  TIFFANY, 

VI  atchmaker  &  Jeweler 

ATTORJVEY  AT  LAW, 

MADISON. 

MADISON. 

H.  J.  PATTERSON, 

DEALEK  IN 

D.  T.  SCOTT, 

Grain,  Flour,  Feed,  Wood 
and  Coal, 

Livery  and  Sale  Barn, 

MADISON. 

MAD  SON. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  IS^tate  Bought  Sold  aud 
l<:xcliaii<;e<l.  Taxex  Paid  lor  IVon-Res- 
dciitw.     Kioux  Fall!«,  D.  T. 


PARKER. 


W.  S.  BRANCH  &  CO. 
Dealers  in  Drugs  and  Stationery, 


PARKGK. 


H.  H.  SCHAFER, 
Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

PARKER. 


GEORGE  HATCH, 
TOJVSORIAL    ARTIST, 


PARKER. 


GEORGE  W.  HOWARD, 

Dealer  in 

Hardware,  Stoves,  Tinware,  Etc. 

PARKER. 


S.  HAYWARD  &  SON, 

Dealers  in 

Boots  and  Shoes,  Harness,   Horse 
Blankets,  Etc. 

PARKER. 


ROBBINS  &  PRATT, 
Dealers  in  Lumber,   Coal,  Wood 

And  Building  Hardware, 
PARKER. 


VALE  p.  THIELMAN, 
Attorney  at  Law  &  Real  Estate  Ag't 

PARKER. 


A.  L.  PETERMAN, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

PARKER. 


FAY  &  SPECE, 

Proprietors  Parker  Livery,  Feed  and 
Sale  Stables, 

PARKER. 


H.  H.  VERNON, 
Furniture  Dealer  and  Undertaker. 

PARKER. 


G.  S.  RATHBUN, 

CARRIAGE  AND  WAGON  MAKER 

Parker. 


J.  A.  HAND, 
ATTORNEY  AT  LAW, 

PARKER. 


L    GILBERT. 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

PARKER. 


W.  H.  HESELTON, 

Wliobale  Dealer  in  Liiiuors,  Cigars,  Etc, 


PARKER. 


M.  T.  HOWARD, 
Dealer  in  Shelf  &  Heavy  Hardware 

PARKER. 


GUSTAV  GILBERT, 
Dealer  in  General  Merchandise, 

PARKER. 


I 


mill  III     r       Oinr     l>akola   Re^l  Estate  Boii&lit,    Nold    and 
rllWIN     r       NAIir           Excliauged.  Xaxe^  Paid  foi-il^ou-Resi- 
LUIflll     Ll     UnllL           dents.     Nionx  Falls,  1>  X. 

VERMILLION. 

C.  C.  EVES, 

Drugs  and  Medicines,  Groceries,  Paints, 
Oils,  Varnishes.  Pure  Wines  and  Liq- 
uors for  Medicinal  Purposes. 

VERMILLION. 

LOWRIE  4^  EUJYJSr, 

CITY  MEAT  MARKET, 
VERMILLION. 

J.  T.  ^VHITE, 

Jeweler  and  dealer  in  Stationery,  Fruits, 

Confectionery,  Laces  and   Ladies 

Fancy  Goods. 

VERMILLION. 

F.  N.  BURDICK, 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON, 

VERMILLION. 

ALFRED  HELGESOJV. 

DRUGGIST, 

VERMILLION. 

JOHjy-  LEDEJVE, 

MERCHANT  TAILOR, 
VERMILLION. 

GEO.  H.  TTHEEIjER, 

BARBER  AND  HAIR  DRESSER, 

VERMILLION. 

Johnson  ^  O'Connor, 

HARNESS  &  SADDLERY, 

VERMILLION. 

GEORGE  G.  PORTER, 

DI^°CONTRACTOR  AND  BUILDER, 

VERMILLION. 

LEE  S^  PREJVTIS. 

Dry  Goods,  Clothing.  Boots,  Shoes,  Hats 
Caps,  Groceries,  Queensware,  &c. 

VERMILLION. 

N.  HANSEN, 

Farming  Machinery  and  Live  Stock, 
VERMILLION. 

G.  T.  SALMER, 

DRUGS   AND  STATIONERY, 
VERMILLION. 

Carpenter  and  Builder, 

VERMILLION. 

H.  E.  VAUGHN.                      M.  A.  VAUGHN. 

VAUGHN  BROS. 
General  Blachsmithing 

VERMILLION. 

Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  and  all  kinds  of 
Building:    Material;    also,    dealer  in  Faim 
Machinery  and  agent  for  MeCormiek  Reap- 
ers and  J.  I.  Case  Threshing  Machines. 
VERMILLION. 

H.  J.  H.  LUJVDE, 

GENBRAl.  MEHCHASDlisE, 

VERMILLION. 

Edwin  E.  Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bought,  Sold  and 
Kxcliaii^^ed.  Taxet^  Paid  lor  Nuii-lie»i- 
dentti.    Sioux  Falls,  D.  T. 


VERMILLION. 

CHANDLER  HOUSE. 

C.  F.  EOTZE, 

WINTHROP  CHANDLER,  Proprietor 

WATCHMAKER  AND  JEWELER 

Veemilliox. 

VERMILLION. 

L.  H.  BARRON, 

R.  M.  Rasmussen, 

E^"H  A  R  D  W  A  R  E  D  E  A  L  E  R,^ 

Billiard  Hall  and  Sample  Room, 

Vermillion. 

VERMILLION. 

H.  A.  COPELAND, 

V/m.  A    PAUE, 

Attorney  at  Law  and  Judge  of  Probate, 

Confectionery.  Fruits.  Cigars,  Etc. 

VERMILLION. 

VERMILLION. 

T.  S.  STANLEY, 

ANDREW  PICKETT. 

PROP.  CITY  FLOURING    MILLS, 

CARPENTEH    AND    BUILDEH, 

VERnniiiiioN. 

VERMILLION. 

Quarnberg  &  Norelius, 

Wm.  SPOWAGE. 

Dealers  in  Hardware,  Stoves  and  Tin- 
ware, American  Shelf  and  Heavy 
Hardware, 

VERMILLION. 

CARPENTER  AND   BUIDDER, 
Heckling. 

A.  I.  CHARREIN, 

John  E.  Jolley, 

BLACKSMITHING, 

ATTORNEY     AT    LAW. 

VERMILLION. 

VERMILLION. 

Ed.  LACKOUS, 

HART  BROS. 

m'  EMPIRE  MEAT  MARKET,  ..^ 

LIVERY,  FEED  AND  SALE  STABLE 

VERMILLION. 

VERMILLION. 

S.  HAYWARD  &  SON, 

3\Sx-s.  .A..  Si.  Oa.lsJLe>^, 

Dealers  in  BOOTS  k  SHOES, 

MILLINERY  AND  FANCY  GOODS, 

VERMILLION. 

VERMILLION. 

Edwin  E.  Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bought,  SoUl  and 
liixclianaecl.  Taxes  Paid  lor  Non-Resi- 
dents.   Sioux  Falls,  I*.  X. 


VERMILLION.                              i 

J.  W.  GRAJYGE, 

Dry  Goods,  Groceries,  Clothing.  Boots 
and  Shoes,  etc. 

VERMILLION. 

B.  F.  REEVE, 

Dry  Goods,    Groceries,    Queensware, 

Clothing,  Boots,  Shoes,  Hats, 

Caps,  Etc. 

VERMILLION. 

MITCHELL. 

WM.  VAJV  EPS, 

Dry  Goods,  Groceries,  Clothing,  Drugs, 
Hats,  Caps,  Etc. 

MITCHELL. 

L.  W.  ADAMS, 

Dealer  in    Shelf   Hardware,    Cutlery, 
Iron  Nails,  Tinware  and  Agricul- 
tural Implements. 

MITCHELL. 

HAMMER  #  HAMMER 

PHARMACISTS  AND  DRUGGISTS, 

MITCHELL. 

ROWLEY  #  IJ^DRA, 

Meat  Market  and   Provision  Store. 
MITCHELL. 

R.  a   WILLS  ^  Co., 

Wines,  Liquors,  Cigars,  and  Tobaccos. 
Established  1879.                          MITCHELL. 

M.  FARROW, 

Dealer  m  Groceries  and  Provisions. 
MITCHELL. 

E.  E.  MOSES, 

Dealer   in  Lumber,  Lime,   Coal,  Sash, 

Doors  and  Blinds,  Lath,  Shingles, 

Moulding  and  Building  Paper. 

MITCHELL. 

W.  E.  CRAJSTE, 

PHARMACIST  AND  DRUGGIST, 

MITCHELL. 

E.  J.  BRADLEY 4-  SOJV, 

Propi-ietors  BRADLEY  HOUSE, 
MITCHELL. 

P.  T.  McGOYERJf, 

Dealer  in  General  Merchandise. 

MITCHELL. 

D.  A,  MIZNER.                   A.  W.  HAGER. 

Negotiate  loans  on  real  estate  security, 
prosecute  contests   before    District  Land 
OflBce    and  Departments    of   the  Interior, 
buy  and  sell  all  kinds  of  scrip  and  warrants, 
practice  law    in   Territorial   and   Federal 
Courts. 

MITCHELL. 

W.  H.  KNOWLES,                  W.  H.  PITWOOO. 

KNOWLES  &  PITWOOD, 
Dealers  in 

BOOT^,  SHOES,  &  GROCERIES. 
MITCHELL. 

EDWIN  E,  SAGE 


I>:iI<ol»    Itesil  Kstnte    Rouglit,  Nol«I   and 
lOxfliiiiigtMl.      'l':ix«-!ii  l^iiia  lor ]Sou-ISe!«i- 
«leul<».     ^iuus.  I'ulls,  1>.  '1'. 


MITCHELL. 


GEO.  A.  CLARK, 

PROPRIETOR  OF    CITY  BAKERY. 

jniTCHELIi. 


J.  HAKRY  GREEN, 

Depot  Sample  Room  and  Lunch  Room. 

iniTCH£L.Ii. 


EEJYRY  KOCH, 

Proprietor  Mitchell    German  Grocery. 


L..  O.  GALE, 

Land,  Loan  and  Insurance.      Also  Pro- 
prietor Drug  and  Book  Store. 

MITCHELIi. 


WASHBURN  &  CURREY, 

Loan,  Land,  Real  Estate  and  Collection. 

iniTCHEIiL. 


M.  F.  DUNHAM, 

Furniture  &  Musical  Merchandise 

MlTCHEIili. 


FOSTER    &  TII.L.OTSON, 

ing,  Hats,  Caps  k  Fiiniisiiiiig  Goods. 


MITCHELL. 


W.  S.  WEIiTY, 

af^i  and  (FQtavco. 

MITCHELL. 


A.  M.  CAMPBELL, 

PROPRIETOR    PIONEER    MEAT    MARKET, 
MITCHELL. 


MARION  JUNCTION. 


LOULS  SCHAFER, 

Manufacturer  of   and  Dealer  in  Boots 
and  Shoes,  etc. 

MARION  JUNCTION. 


FRED,  ROEBER, 

Dealer  in  Hardware,  Stoves  &  Tinware 
MARION    JUNCTION. 


T.  C.   WlJVJy', 

E^  H  A  R  N  E  S  S     M  A  K  E  R,  ^^'S 

MARION    JUNCTION. 


HEJTRY  ROEBER, 

BOOT    AND    SHOE    MAKER, 

MARION   JUNCTION. 


JOHJV  RYAJV, 

DEALER    IN   GENERAL    MERCHANDISE, 

MARION  JUNCTION. 


EDWIN  E.  SAGE, 


I>akola  Iteal  Estate  ISoiiglit,  Nold  andl 
I'^xcliaugetl.  Taxes  l*ai<l  for  I^on- 
lfiesi«lents.     Nioiix  I^alls,  liakota. 


LENNOX 

O.  P.  ASHLEY, 

JOHN  M.  MUNSIL, 

HARNESS    AND    SADDLERY, 

Livery,  Feed  and    Sale  Stable. 

L.ENNOX. 

L.ENNOX. 

J.  F.  FERGUSON, 

LOUIS  BUTZER, 

LUMBER     DEALER 

F  URJVIT  UEJE  DEALER 

LENNOX. 

liENNOX. 

A.  BOYNTON, 

Dealer  in 

B.  GILMORE, 

Shelf  and  Heavy  Hardware,  Farm  Ma- 
cliinery,  etc. 

Dealer  in  Fruits  and  Confectionery 

LENNOA. 

liENNOX. 

P.  J.  HAAS, 

M  A.  FILION, 

Editor  and  Proprietor  of  the  Independ- 
ent and  Attorney  at  Law. 

CHOICE  WINES  AND  LIQUORS 

L.ENNOX. 

liENNOX. 

THOS.  B.  QUIGLEY, 

D.  F.  DEBELTS, 

Proprietor  of  Lenox  Meat  Market 

Blacksmith  and    Wagonmaker, 

I^ENNOX. 

liENNOX. 

SMITH   BROS., 

F.  H.  TREAT, 

Dri/  Goods  and  Groceries 

Dealer    in    General    Merchandise, 

LENNOX. 

liENNOX. 

Coiiklin  &  Carpenter, 

LENNOX  WEEKLY  STAR 

Dealers    in    General    Merchandise 

CONKLIN  &  BAYLEY, 

liENNOX. 

PROPRIETORS. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


Dakota  Rent  CHtate  Bought,  Sold  and 
Exc'liaiifiod.  Taxes  Paid  I'ur  Non-Rosl- 
df  iitK.     Sioux  Fh1I8,  U.  T. 


CANTON. 

ADA  31  HOFF3IAN, 

HERMAN  WOERZ, 

PROPRIETOR  SAMPLE  ROOM. 

D  E  A  L  E  R  IN    F  U  R  N  1  T  U  R  E, 

CANTON. 

CANTON. 

KENNEDY  BROS., 

GEO.  W.  HARLAN, 

Attorneys  and  Counsellors  at  Law. 

PROPRIETOR  HARLAN   HOUSE, 

CANTON. 

CANTON. 

A.  G.  VROMAN, 

A.  R.  BROWN. 

LIVERY.  FEED  AND  SALE  STABLE 

Bu^lsTKIEPt, 

CANTON. 

CANTON. 

W.  E    CUPPETT, 

THOMAS  THORSON  &  CO. 

E^=  ATTORNEY  AT  LAW.^^ 

ABSTKACTS  OF  TITLE 

CANTON 

And  Real  Estate  Dealers.          Canton. 

E.  M.  3IILES, 

CARTER  BROTHERS, 

.lEWELER  AND   MUSIC    DEALER. 

PUBLISHERS  CANTON  ADVOCATE 

CANTON. 

canton. 

J.  HORN  &  CO. 

T.  W.  HOOD, 

WAGON  &  CARRIAGE  xMAKKRS, 

Dealer  in  Drugs  and  Medicines, 

Canton. 

canton. 

GEN.  J.  B.  PATTEE, 

O.  S.  GIFFORD 

ARCHITECT  AND  15U1LDEH. 

ATTORNEY    AT    LAW, 

CANTON. 

canton. 

OLEY  THOMPSON, 
PROPRIETOR  THOMPSON  HOUSE 

Dealer  in  Agricultural  Implements, 
CANTON. 

G.  W.  NAYLOR, 

Proprietor  NAYLOR  HOUSE. 
canton. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Fstate  Boui;$lit  Sold  and 
ExcUanged.  Taxes  Paid  for  Non-Kes- 
dentfii.    Sioux  F»ll!^,  1>.  T. 


CANTON. 

0.  A.  M.  E.  A.  F.  RUDOLPH, 

E.  H.  WILSON, 

ATTORNEY  AT    LAW 

ATTORNEY  AT   LAW. 

CANTON. 

canton. 

D.  N.  MALLORY, 

M.  M.  CLARK, 

Dealer  in  Hardware,  Stoves  &  Tinware 

PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON, 

c An TON. 

canton. 

I 

J.  W.  TAYLOR,  President.                 INCORPORATED.                  O.  N.  RUSSKLL,  Vice-Prest. 

DAKOTA  LOAN  AND  TRUST  COMPANY, 

J.  M.  Zeller,  Secretary.                t  apittiU  $100,000.                  ('ha;^.  E.  Judd,  Cashier. 

CANTON. 

T8T?iVf'in7«J  I'cnnox,  J.  V.  CONKiiiN,  Castiier.                    TArLOa  &  Russell, 
UKAfv  Lnjis  -j  j;^e„^  g  p  mackey.  Cashier.                                                          Attorneys. 

CALLIOPE. 

SAMUEL  S.  CONRAD, 

GEORGE  S.  HOLDEN, 

INSURANCE  AGENT, 

DEPOT  AGENT. 

CAl.l.I02'E. 

CALLIOPE. 

M.  LEG-GETT, 

WM.  REESE, 

PROPRIETOR  LEGGETT  HOUSE, 

BLACKS^XITH, 

CAIiLIOPE. 

CALLIOPE. 

JAMES  KENNEDY, 

L.  H.  BAILEY, 

TOBACCONIST, 

Dealer  in  Agricultural  Implements, 

CALLIOPE. 

CALLIOPE. 

.  A.  W.  HEALD, 

DAVID    STEPHEN, 

DEALER  IN  HARDWARE. 

Genekal  Merchant, 

CALLIOPE. 

CALLIOPE. 

ELISHA  HODGIN, 

HARRISON  WAY, 

PROPRIEOR   HODGIN  HOUSE. 

CONTRACTOH  AND   BUILDER, 

Built,  1881.                                   CALLIOPE. 

CALLIOPE. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


l>siKotn  Real  Ilstate  ICoii^^flit,  Nold  and 
l'}x4-Ii«iiig-ed.  Xaxcs  Paid  t'oi-  IVoii-Resi- 
d«'iilM.     Wioiix  l'^all!!<,  1>.  '1\ 


BELOIT. 

WILLIAM  ROLLER, 

P.  J.  ANDERSON, 

Dealer  in  LIQUORS  AND   CIGARS, 

CARPENTER  AND  BUILDER, 

BEL.OIT. 

BELOIT. 

HORACE  ADEE, 

E.  t.  CARPENTER, 

Dealer  in  Clothing,    Boots,  Shoes  and 
Hardware. 

BEIiOIT. 

Real   Estate  Dealer  and    Proprietor 
Flouring  Mill. 

BELOIT. 

W\  S.  SMITH, 

F.  M.  ROWLEY, 

DEALER  IN  FURNITURE, 

Dealer  in  GENERAL  MERCHANDISE 

BSIiOIl.. 

BELOIT. 

MICHAEL  JYELSOJV, 

C.  H.  SOGN, 

Dealer  in  Shelf  and  Heavy  Hardware, 

Dealer  in  GENERAL  MERCAANDISE 

BELiOIT. 

BELOIT. 

HEJYRY  SKEWIS, 

E.  C.  FERRIS, 

Proprietor  BELOIT  MEAT  MARKET, 

PROPRIETOR     HOTEL, 

BEIiOIT. 

BELOIT. 

O.  T.  HELGERSON, 

DEALER  IJV  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMEJSTTS, 

BELOIT. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

JAMES   H   BASKIJV, 

1 

Mrs.  MARY  E.  LOVE, 

PROP.  BASKIN  HOUSE, 

Proprietress  SPRINGFIELD  HOTEL, 

SPRINGFIELD. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bonglit,  Sold  and 
li:xclianged.  Taxes  Paid  lor  Non-Resi- 
deuts.    Sioux  Falls,  I>.  T. 


.  PORTLAND  VILLE. 

JAS.  BIDDELCOME, 

Heni'y  Waterbiiry, 

BOOT  4^  SHOEMAKER 

BOOT  #  SHOEMAKER 

POUTLANDVIIiljE. 

PORTliAlMDVIIiliE. 

C.  NEWMAN, 

J.  W    STRONG, 

n^E^^OIiAISTT 

Proprietor  Excelsior  Meat  Market 

PORTI„ANDVIIiliE. 

PORTLANDVILIiE. 

C.  E.  ROBINSON, 

WM.  R.  KIDD, 

REAL  ESTATE  &  LOAN  AGENT 

BLACKSMITHING 

PORTLANDTI1.L.E:. 

PORTI.A1N  »VIL.IiE. 

V.  G.  FARNHAH, 

PETER   MUIR, 

Dealer  in  HARD  WARE 

Wagonna  a,ls.er, 

PORTIiA]VD^^LlIil!;. 

PORTLi  AN  DVIliliE . 

E.  AV.  SARGENT, 

Bradner  Ferguson, 

Proprietor  of  Portlandville  Flouring  Mill 

Dealer  in  HARD  WARE 

PORTIiANDVII^liE. 

PORTIi  AN  D  VI  LI^E . 

A.  P.  DOUGLAS, 

J.  A.  LARKIN, 

Proprietor  CITY  MEAT  MARKET 

Proprietor  Billiard  Hall  and  Sample  Room 

PORTIiAN  UVIIiLE. 

PORTL  A  N  UVlL,Li  ii 

A.  L.  McGINNIS  &  BRO. 

MUHS  &  JOHNSON, 

GENERAL    MERCHANTS, 

GENERAL  MERCHANTS 

PORTliANDVII^I^E. 

PORXL  VNI»VIIiL.E. 

Edwin  E.  Sage 


Dakota  Real  KNtate  Buiiatit,  Sold  and 
I<^xfliaiiged.  Taxetji  Paid  lor  Noii-Kchl- 
dc'iii!^.     Sioux  Falls,  D.  T. 


YANKTON. 

H.  W.  PIKE, 

Dealer  in  Staple  and  Fancj^ 

Provisions,  Etc. 
THIRD  ST.               YANKTON. 

TRIPP  &  BOYLES, 

ATIORMEYS  AT  LA  W 

YANKTON. 

Singer  Manufacturing  Co. 

Branch  Office,  3d,  St. 
F.    HAMn  fNO,    MA  naffer, 

Yankton. 

Marshall  &  Odiorne, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in  Queens- 
ware  and   French  China,  also 
Larpfest  Assortment  of 
Carpets  in  Da- 
kota. 

YANKTON. 

E.  G.  SMIMH, 

ATTORJSTEY  AT  LAW, 

YANKTON. 

GERMAJVIA  HOUSE, 

WALLBAUM  &  BECKER,  Proprietors 

Douglas  Ave.,  Bet,  2d,  and  3d  Sts. 
YANKTON. 

W.  H.  H.  BROWN, 

DENTIST, 

^  Y  A  N  K.  T  O  "S.ls^ 

JOHN  SATORI, 

PROPRIETOR 

City  Hall  Restaurant, 

Broadway,  Yankton. 

C.  J.  B.  HARRIS, 

Loans,  Lands-  Lnsurance 

YANKTON. 

JACOB  MAX, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

DRY  G-OODS,  GROCERIES 

Hats,  Caps,  Boots  and  Shoes, 
Broadway,                              YANKTON. 

GAMBLE  BROS. 

Loan,  Land  Sr  Insurance 

ATTORNEYS  AT  LAW, 
YANKTON. 

CHICAGO  HOUSE, 

Third  St.,  near  Broadway,  Yankton 

Chas.  Broderson,  Prop. 

EOWIN  E.  SAGE 


Excliiiiisert.       Xjixes    l*ai<l    lor    iVou- 
I Resirtents.     isiioitx  f  alls»,  l>a]&ota. 


YANKTON. 


S.  J.  MORROW, 
PHOTOGRAPHER, 


YANKTON. 


WALTER  H.  CARR, 

Dealer  in 

FANCY  GROCERIES,  FRUITS 
And  Confectionery. 

YANKTON. 


FREDRICK  NEUBAUER, 

BLACKSMITH 

AND   WAGON  MAKER. 

YANKTON. 


J.  C.  MORMANN, 
HARDWARE  DEALER, 

YANKTON. 


GOODWIN  &  PRATT, 
CONTRACTORS  &  BUILDERS 

YANKTON. 


W.  F.  LAUMAN, 

Carpenter  and  Builder 


YANKTON. 


J.  P.  REDAELLI, 

Dealer  in 

WATCHES,  CLOCKS,  JEWELRY. 
YANKTON. 


D.  McDEVITT, 

Retail  Grocer,  Feed  and  Provisions 
YANKTON. 


R.  H.  FELLOWS. 

Agent  for 

WANNAMAKER  &  BROWN'S  GOODS. 

YANKTON. 


SEMPLE  &  MUNROE, 

House  and  Sign  Painters 

YANKTON. 


F.  BERGL 
CARPENTER  and  BUILDER 

YANKTON, 


THADEUS  PISCK, 

Comb  Manufacturer 

YANKTON. 


Edwin  E.Sage 


Uakota  Real  C»«tato  Bought  Sold  and 
l<:xeliaii«ed.  Xaxett  Paid  lor  Nuu-Ueet- 
dcntM.    Sioux  Falls,  1>.  T. 


YANKTON. 


MARTIN  &  ANDERSON, 
Iron  Founders  &  Machinists 

Castings  of  Every  Description. 
YANKTON. 


/.  PILES, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in  Boots 

and  Shoes,   Hats,   Caps,    Gloves 

and  Mittens,  Ladies'  and 

Children's  Furs. 

Sig-n— Buffalo  Hf>ad.    Highest  Caeh  Price 
paid  for  furs. 

YANKTON. 


FRED   LERCE, 

ORCHESTRA  HALL 

Opposite  P.  O.,  YANKTON. 


PHIL.  K.  FAULK, 
ATTORNEY  AT  LA^V 

LOANS    AND     PENSIONS. 
YANKTON. 


JENSEN  &  OLSEN, 
LIQUOR    DEALERS 

Rooms -Old  Herald  Office, 
YANKTON. 


D.  B.  COOLEY, 

HARNESS     MAKEi^^ 

And  Manufacturer  of  California  and 
Tuxas  Saddles. 

YANKTON- 


F   K.   DeLONG. 


YANKTON. 


STIER  k   FERDINAND, 
Proprietors  BROADWAY   MEAT  MARKET 


YANKTON, 


PETER  STEP  EN, 
LIVERYMAN, 


YANKTON. 


L.  H.  ELLIOTT, 

LIVERY    AND   FEED    BARN 


YANKTON. 


JAMES   DONAHUE, 

■       THOS.  J   WILIAMS, 

Billiard  Hall  and  Sample  Room 

Jzila-o  tLsmitla 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


Dakota  Itea]  C^itate  Uouglit,  $>old  and 
Exoliauged.  Taxes  Paid  lor  INou  Kes]- 
denis.     Sioux  Falls,  U.  T. 


YANKTON. 


H.  V.  SMITH, 

TOJ^rSORIAL    ARTIST, 


YANKTON. 


E.  J.  JE^KINSON, 

Oyster  Parlor  Sr  Bahery 

YANKTON. 


JOHN  SCHNELL, 

BARBER, 


YANKTON. 


P.  J.  NYBERG, 

General  Blacksmith  and  Repair  Shops, 


YANKTON. 


H.  A.  Schoregge  &  Son, 

Fruits,  Confectionery^ 

YANKTON. 


ROBT.  SCHNEIDER, 

Sample  Boom  and  Bowling  Alley, 
YANKTON. 


NILS  O.  HORE. 

WAGOJV  MAKER, 


YANKTON. 


J.  H.  BALMAT, 

SAMPLE  ROOM  AND 

BOOT  AND  SHOE  MAKER 

YANKTON. 


C.  J.  REITZELL, 

DEALER   IN 

Blimps  and   Windmills 


Gottfrecl  Burg, 

Carpenter  and  Builder, 


YANKTON. 


YANKTON. 


THE  FA  NTA  G  RA  FH 


CAIiDWELL.  &  STAHl., 

Proprleiors. 


Hloux  Falls,  n.  T. 


Oldest  Ne^vspaper  Published  in  the  Sioux  Valley. 


Constant  and  Intelligent  Attention  Given  to  the  Inter- 
ests and  Events  of  Southeastern  Dakota. 


EDWIN  t.  5Abt    .Vi?;.!".-g?;;:;x'f!;jii:."i;'i'/^"^^""«'"'- 


YANKTON. 

WALTER  B.  DEAN, 

H.  D.  DODGE, 

Freight   and    Ticket    Agent, 

COUPON  TICKETS 

D  E  ]Sr  T  I  S  T, 

TO  ALL    EASTERN  POINTS. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

I.  HIRSHSTEIN, 

A.  H.  SCHROEDER, 

Wholesale  and  Befall  Liquor  Dealer-. 

HARDWABE,  STOVES 

CIGAKS  AND  TOBACCO. 

-Aja-ci  TiixxTcrar©, 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

MRS.  C.  A.  LYONS, 

GEO.  E.  HAWLEY, 

FASHIONABr.E 

Dealer  in 

MILLINERY  d-   DRESS-MA  KING 

Iroia..  JSteel,  aSTails, 

Lyonn'  Block, 3d  St.,  near  Brourlvvay. 

He.ivy  and  Shelf  Hardware. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

E.  T.  "WHITE, 

MINNESOTA  HOUSE, 

ATTORJVEY  AT  LAW, 

Burleigh '^  Block,  Broadway. 

JOSEPH   BADER,  Prorietor, 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

CHAS.  EISEMAN, 

ALBERT  ZEMLICKA, 

Dealer  in 

DRY  GOODS  AND  CLOTFIING. 

GROCERIES,  FARMERS' PRODUCE, 
Wines,  Liquors  and  Cioahs. 

YANKTON. 

'J  bird  St.,  opposite  Merchants  Hotel  Livery 
YANKTON. 

JOHN  O.  BATES, 

YANKTON  IRON  WORKS, 
J.  A.'  .].  CAMPBELL,  Proprretors. 

GENTS' FURNISHIN  GG0O[)S 

Maniil'a(;iurers  of 

EINGINES  AND  BOILERS 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


1>akota  Real  JR^tsit*-^  Koiiglit.  NoI«1  an<l 
Kxoliaiigt'tl.  Taxes  Paid  for  .^'oii-Resi- 
«len«s.     »iionx  Falls,  1>.  X. 


YANKTON. 

L.  M.  KEE, 

J.   W.  EVAMS, 

AO6TI0N  AND  COMMISSION  MERGHANT 

SAMP  LE  A  N  D  CLUB   R  0  ()  M. 

YANKTON. 

Walnut  St.,  Y.\nkton. 

H.   W\   WHITE, 

JOHJV  WILS9JV, 

PIONEER   GUN   STORE 

Sample  Room  tt  Restaurant 

Full  Liiie  of  Hunter's  Goods. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

C.   WEDELL, 

J.  L.  FOSKETT, 

^VATCHMAKER  AND    JEWEliER. 

9)eakt    in   zJuim    Mmhinmtj. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

FELIX  CARIVEAU, 

JOHJV M.  FOGKBTY, 

BOOT    <fe   SHOEMAKER.    HARNESS  and  SADDLES. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

MAX  IT  ELL  4^  ASHLE  Y 

MICHAEL  BREJV'JVAJY, 

MEAT  MARKET. 

Biitj  Jdeai   Mmkd. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

WYMAJY  cf   JVARD, 

JACOB  BRAUCH, 

MEAT  MARKET. 

SAMPLE    AND    BILLIARD   ROOM. 

YANKTON. 

YANKTON. 

JOHN  E.  GIIil^ESPIE, 

3F'XjrL3NriTXJH.:E3  tdx3.^Xj:e::e«.. 

YANKTON.                                                             1 

-SOO  SIOUX    FALLS    UHXtRAPHIES 


BIOGRAPHICAL  DlREC'i'ORY, 


Following,  in  a  necessarily  condensed  form,  are  biographical 
sketches  of  the  pioneer  settlers  and  leading  business  and  profes- 
sional men  of  Southeastern  Dakota.  There  are,  unavoidably, 
omissions,  which  the  publisher  would  have  been  well  pleased  to  sup- 
ply, but  to  do  which,  owing  to  the  absence  of  the  gentlemen,  or 
from  other  causes,  was  impossible.  In  the  main,  the  somewhat 
lengthy  list  will  be  found,  however,  to  be  more  than  usually  cor- 
rect. 

$!iIOlJX   FAL.L.ii, 


U.  L.  Anderson — ^Established  business  in  1878;  born  in  Dane 
county.  Wis.;  came  to  this  place  in  1878;  married  Jennie  Grardner, 
a  native  of  New  York  State;  they  have  one  child- — a  son. 

S.  D.  Alguire — born  in  Canada  in  1854;  came  to  United  States 
in  '65,  and  settled  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.;  in  '68  he  remov- 
ed to  Grant  county,  Wis.,  and  settled  in  Bee  Town;  came  to  Dako- 
ta in  1872;  he  married  Ettie  Bannigham,  anativeof  Grant  county, 
Wis.     They  have  one  child,  Edna. 

Wilmot  W.  Brookings — was  born  in  Woolwich,  Lincoln 
County,  Maine,  on  a  farm  situated  at  the  head  of  Brooking's  Bay, 
one  of  the  many  small  inlets  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  His  boy- 
hood was  passed  on  the  farm  with  the  exception  of  several  short 
fishing  and  sea  voyages,  made  between  the  ages  of  thirteen  and 
eighteen.  He  entered  Bowdoin  College  in  1851  and  graduated  in 
1855;  teaching  school  three  months  out  of  each  college  year,  the 
greater  portion  of  teaching  terms  being  at  Freeport  High  School. 
After  graduating,  and  while  reading  law  with  Hon.  Henry  Tall- 
man,  of  Bath,  Maine,  and  Fessenden  &  Butler,  of  Portland,  Maine, 
he  taught  the  Litchfield,  Maine,  Liberal  Institute  and  North  Anson, 
Maine,  Academy  each  one  term.  In  May,  1857.  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Portland.  Maine.  On  the  29th  of  June,  1857,  he  started 
from  Portland  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  company  with  Peleg  Tall- 
man,  of  Bath.  Maine,  intending  to  open  a  law  office  in  that  city. 
Arrived  in  Dnl>U(jue.  and  after  remaining  there  seventeen  days, 
concluded  to  strike  out  for  Sioux  Falls  with  a  two  horse  team. 
The  company  was  made  up  of  four  members,  Jesse  T.  Jarrett  and 
wife.  Dr.  J.  L.  Phillips  and  Wilmot  W.  Brookings.  This  party 
arrived  in  Sioux  City  early  in  August,  where,  after  stopping  a  few 
days,  Mr.  Brookings  started  for  Sioux  Falls  in  the  employ  of  the 
Western  Iowa  Company,  as  an  ox  teamster,  or  in  western  parlance, 
"bull  whacker."     Arrived  at  Sioux  Falls  in  company  with    nine 


SIOUX   FALLS    BIOGRAPHIEe.  307 

others,  who  constituted  all  the  white  population  of  Dakota,  Aug. 
27,  1857.  Ten  days  later  he  was  appointed  managing  and  finan- 
cial agent  for  the  company,  and  during  the  next  five  months  was 
busily  engaged  in  laying  the  foundation  for  the  new  settlement 
and  looking  after  the  affairs  of  the  company.  February  2d,  1858, 
was  terribly  frozen  while  on  an  expedition  to  secure  the  site  of 
the  pi'esent  city  of  Yankton  for  the  Westei'n  Town  Compan}'. 
From  thiscalamit}'  he  was  confined  to  his  bed  for  six  months.  In 
the  aatumn  of  1858  he  travelled  across  Iowa  by  ox  team,  visited 
Philadelphia  and  recrossed  Iowa,  from  Dubuque,  in  mid  winter, 
arriving  at  Sioux  Falls  about  the  5th  of  February,  1859;  lived  at 
Sioux  Falls  during  the  years  1859-60  to  the  spring  of  1861;  dur- 
ing the  time  was  a  member  of  the  squatter  legislature,  acting  as 
member  of  the  council  and  president  of  the  same,  also  as  pro- 
visional (iovernor  for  a  part  of  this  time;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Council  for  the  First  District  to  the  first  Legislature  of  Da- 
kota, and  served  two  years.  Moved  to  Yankton  in  August  1862. 
In  October,  1862,  pre-empted  the  first  land  entered  in  Dakota,  it 
being  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  16,  township  101,  range 
19,  tlie  present  site  of  the  Queen  Bee  Mill  and  Brookings  Island, 
Sioux  Falls.  Was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature  from  Yankton  County  in  1863,  and  re-elected  in  1861, 
and  again  in  1865;  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  in  1861,  and 
in  1865-6  served  as  Superintendent  and  Disbursing  Agent  for  a 
United  States  Military  wagon  road  from  Minnesota  to  Montana. 
From  Yankton  County  was  elected  in  1867  a  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil for  two  years,  and  elected  President  of  the  Council  in  1868; 
also  elected  District  Attorney  for  Yankton  County  for  1867,  and 
re-elected  in  1868.  In  March,  1869,  was  married  in  Dresden, 
Maine,  to  Clara,  daughter  of  Capt.  Wm.  Carney,  of  that  place.  In 
April,  1869,  was  appointed  by  President  Grant,  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  for  four  years,  serving  on  the 
bench  until  1873.  Was  one  of  the  leading  organizers  of  the  Da- 
kota Southern  Railroad^  the  first  railroad  to  enter  Dakota,  and 
was  its  President  during  construction,  and  Vice  President,  or  So- 
licitor, up  to  the  time  of  its  consolidation  into  the  Sioux  City  and 
Dakota  road,  and  the  only  director  from  its  organization  to  the 
present  time,  1881.  In  November,  1878,  moved  back  to  Sioux 
Falls  for  the  purpose  of  having  the  great  water  power  improved. 
In  August  following  succeeded  in  disposing  of  the  same  to  what 
is  now  known  as  the  Sioux  Falls  Water  Power  Company,  who  at 
once  commenced  extensive  improvements.  Is  now  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  W.  W.  Brookings  &  Co.,  large  dealers  and 
owners  in  real  estate. 

Edward  P.  Beebe — born  in  Madison  county,  N,  Y.,  in  1838; 
in  1813  removed  with  parents  to  Kendall  count)''.  111.,  where  they 
lived  eleven  years;  he  attended  college  at  Galesburg,  111.,  and  for 
a  number  of  years  was  engaged  as  teacher  in  different  places;    in 


308  SIOUX    FALLS    UIOGRAPIIIES. 

"65  he  went  in  the  grain  business  in  Forest,  111.,  where  he  still 
continues;  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hills  &  Beebe  at 
this  point;  he  married  M.  F.  Ross,  of  Illinois;  have  two  children 
■ — Lottie  and  Jessie. 

S.  M.  Bear — born  in  Seneca  county,  Ohio,  in  1S57;  came  to 
Olmstead,  Minn.,  in  1859;  has  been  employed  as  clerk  in  different 
places;  engaged  in  present  business  in  1879. 

W.  H.  Bryan — born  in  Cataraugas  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1836, 
and  in  1870  came  to  Sioux  City,  To.,  and  engaged  in  the  butcher 
business;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1872  and  engaged  in  buying 
grain,  and  in  1880  became  a  member  of  the  present  firm;  married 
M.  J.  Howard,  a  native  of  New  York;  they  have  two  daughters. 

Edward  Berrean — head  book-keeper  for  the  Sioux  Falls 
Water  Power  company,  at  Queen  Bee  Mill. 

J.  H.  Barrelle — agent  for  Milwaukee  K.  R.;  born  in  Erie 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  1845;  came  west  in  1856  and  settled  in  Amboy, 
111.;  came  to  Dakota  in  1871,  and  was  located  at  Elk  Point  for 
railroad  company  until  1879,  when  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls;  mar- 
ried Libbie  J.  Wilson,  a  native  of  Scranton,  Penn.;  has  one 
daughter.     Mrs.  Wilson  died  August  7th,  1880. 

L.  A.  Bunnell — millwright;  born  in  Bristol,  N.  H.,  1873;  re- 
moved to  Owatonna,  Minn.,  in  1878.  and  came  to  Sioux  Falls  Octo- 
ber, 1880. 

P.  Bush — born  in  France  in  1854;  came  to  America  in  1861, 
and  located  in  Wisconsin;  in  1878  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  and  en- 
gaged in  business. 

James  Barron — established  in  1879;  born  in  England  in 
1852;  came  to  America  in  1874,  and  first  located  in  Utica,  N.  Y. ; 
he  spent  three  years  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  a  year  and  a  half  in 
Milwaukee;  he  came  here  in  1879;  married  Ellen  Reid.  a  native 
of  Scotland.    They  have  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

John  Bippus — born  in  Tuscarawas  county,  Ohio,  in  1841; 
went  to  Huntington  county,  Ind.,  in  1854,  lived  there  until  1865; 
enlisted  in  Company  E,  75th  Indiana  regimetit,  infantry;  then 
came  west,  and  located  in  1870  at  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  married  Eunice  Wheeler,  a  native  of  Baraboo, 
Wis.;  they  have  one  child — Sumner.  Mr.  B.  has  been  clerk  of 
the  district  court  one  year^  county  superintendent  two  years, 
register  of  deeds  three  years  and  postmaster  four  years. 

Thomas  Bridge — was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  in  1835; 
came  to  America  in  October,  1864  and  located  in  Eiecorah,  lo.;  in 
1  75  he  removed  to  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  ])resent  business; 
marriel  Mary  Carroll  a  native  of  Vermont.  They  juive  one 
daughter. 

[.  K.  Buck — born  in  Courtland  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1830;  came 
west;  in  1855  he  made  several  moves;  and  in  '78  settled  in    Sioux 


SIOUX    FALLS   BIOGRAPHIES.  309 

Falls.  He  married  Sarah  E.  Councilman,  a  native  of  Broome 
county,  N.  Y.;  have  three  children — Frank,  Charles  and  Lillie  E. 

C.  V.  Booth — architect  and  builder,  plans  and  specifications 
furnished  for  public  and  private  buildings;  born  in  Duchess 
county,  N.  Y.,  1833;  came  to  Redwing,  Minn.,  in  ''66,  and  engaged 
in  building  and  contracting;  in  1871  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  and 
engaofed  in  same  business.  Married  Lottie  Kinney,  a  native  of 
Mt.  Morris,  N.  Y.;  they  have  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 

E.  Gr.  Carter — Tjorn  in  Canada  in  1856;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1876  and  settled  in  Austin,  Minn.;  in  1879  he  came  to 
Sioux  Falls:  married  Rose  Litchfield,  a  native  of  Austin,  Minn. 

Col.  B.  F.  Campbell— born  in  Macbias,  Me.,  October,  1838, 
moved  to  New  York  in  1852,  and  to  Aurora,  111.,  in  1856,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  hardware  business  until  spring,  1861.  when  he  en- 
listed in  the  U.  S.  service  and  served  until  1865;  in  January,  1865, 
he  married  Abbie  L.  Weddell,  of  Aurora,  III.;  March  ,1868  he  re- 
moved to  Vermillion,  D.  T.,  and  was  appointed  register  of  land 
office  in  May.  '79;  continued  in  said  office  until  June  15,  1880; 
have  four  children — three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

A.  Clendenning — farmer;  born  in  New  Brunswick  in  1830; 
came  to  the  West  in  '55,  and  settled  at  Taylors  Falls,  and  for 
many  years  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business;  in  1878  he  re- 
moved to  Sioux  Falls  and  for  a  short  time  sold  groceries  at 
wholesale  and  retail;  he  erected  what  is  known  as  Clendenning 
Block;  he  removed  to  his  present  farm  in  1879;  in  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  county  commissioner,  which  position  he  still  holds; 
he  married  Martha  Clendenning,  a  native  of  Michigan;  they  have 
nine  children — six  sons  and  three  daughters. 

J.  B.  Cloudas — was  born  in  Tazew.^1!  county,  111.,  in  1852;  in 
^66  he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he  remained  until  1870,  when  he 
removed  to  Yankton  and  soon  after  settled  here. 

H.  H.  Carroll — was  born  in  Canada  in  1858;  in  1865  he  came 
to  Shabony,  Ilk,  with  his  parents;  from  there  he  went  to  Iowa, 
and  thence  to  Rochester,  Minn.;  he  returned  to  Emmetsburg,  lo., 
and  was  engaged  three  years  in  butchering  and  buying  and  ship- 
ping stock;  in  1880  he  removed  to  Canton,  D.  T.;  here  he  re- 
mained one  year  and  then  located  in  this  city  and  engaged  in  his 
present  business. 

Gr.  P.  Cross — attorney  at  law;  born  in  Rensaeler  Falls,  N.Y., 
nl850;  came  to  Dakota  Territory  in  1878,  and  settled  here  and 
iengaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  taught  school  in  Ohio  four  years, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  St.  Croix  county,  Wis. 

0.  N.  Dahl — was  born  in  Norway  in  1850;  came  to  America 
in  1868  and  settled  in  Austin,  Minn.;  he  went  to  Minneapolis 
from  there  and  thence  to  Sioux  City,  and  in  1879  he  came  to  this 
city;  married  Nelda  Wilkinson,  a  native  of  Wisconsin;  they  have 
one  daughter — Mattie, 

W.  S.  Darby — born  in  Prince  Edward  Islands  in  1850,  came 


310  SIOT-X    FALLS    BIOGHAPUIK.S. 

to  United  States  in  June,  1873  and  located  in  IMinneapolis;  in 
1879  he  removed  to  Sioux  Palls. 

Joseph  N.  Dickson — sheriff  of  Minnehaha  county,  elected  in 
1  80;  born  in  Logan  conuty,  Ohio,  in  1840;  came  to  Dakota  in 
1871  and  settled  in  this  city  and  engaged  in  fanning;  married  R. 
S.  Swezey,  a  native  of  Ohio;  they  have  six  children;  three  sons 
and  three  daughters. 

I.  C.  Dixon — born  in  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  in  1839; 
came  to  Dakota  in  1871  and  settled  here. 

L.  T.  Dunning — born  in  Jefferson  County,  Wis.,  in  1846;  came 
to  Dakota  in  1873  and  settled  in  Sioux  Falls. 

H.  Easton — ]iainter;  born  in  Norway  in  1850;  came  to  Ameri- 
ca in  1852  and  settled  in  Houstin  Co.,  Minn.  ;came[to  Sioux  Falls  in 
1878;  married  Sophia  Bergeson. 

L.  M.  Estabrook — born  in  Platteville,  Wis.,  in  1852;  came  to 
Iowa  in  1868,  and  in  1877  came  to  Sioux  Falls.  He  graduated  in 
the  law  class  of  1875,  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  he  married  Mary  M. 
Cornwall,  a  native  of  Canada. 

John  M.  Entzminger — born  in  Germany  in  1847;  came  to 
America  in  1868  and  located  in  Chicago;  removed  here  in  1880; 
married  Mary  Glasser,  also  a  native  of  German}^;  have  four  chil- 
dren, two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Oscar  Errickson — born  in  Sweden  in  1853;  came  to  America 
in  1872  and  located  in  Canada;  in  1876  came  to  the  United  States, 
and  located  in  Sioux  Falls  in  1879,  and  engaged  in  his  present 
business. 

F.  W.  Farweli — was  born  in  Fond du  Lac,  Wis.,  in  1851 ;  came 
to  Dakota  in  1878  and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 

H.  A.  Fairbank — bookeeper  for  Edwin,  Sharp  &  Co. 

A.  T.  Fleetwood — postmaster  and  dealer  in  stationery  and 
cigars;  born  in  Sweden  in  1828;  came  to  America  in  1846  and  set- 
tled in  Milwaukee,  Wis.;  lived  there  a  short  time  and  enlisted  in 
the  Mexican  War  and  served  one  year;  he  settled  in  Stoughton, 
Dane  Co.,  Wis.,  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Co.  B  5th  Wis. 
Infantry,  and  served  until  close  of  war;  he  was  promoted  to  2d 
Lieutenant,  and  afterwards  to  1st  Lieutenant  in  Company  K.  He 
was  in  a  great  many  battles  during  the  war  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  Halls  Hill,  Va.,  on  the  12th  of  June,  1865.  After 
war  settled  in  Austin,  Minn.,  where  he  lived  three  years;  he  then 
traveled  through  the  Southern  States;  in  1872  came  to  this  city, 
and  has  been  here  since;  first  was  in  tobacco  business;  in  1876  was 
appointed  postmaster. 

M.  M.  Flaska — bom  in  Berlin,  Germany,  in  1840;  came  to 
America  in  1852;  in  1868  he  came  to  Dakota  and  settled  in  this 
town;  married  Mary  Shoemaker,  a  native  of  Wis.;  they  have  two 
children,  Louis  and  Charles. 


SIOUX    FALLS   BIOGRAPHIES  311 

A.  Frizzell — born  in  Essex  Co.,  Yt..  in  1839;  in  1855  went  to 
Columbia  Co.,  Wis.,  and  a  yenr  later  to  Eau  Claire  Co.,  and  in  ISG-i 
to  Wabasha  Co.;  in  1878  came  to  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  married  Mary  C.  Barber,  a  native  of  New  York; 
they  have  one  child,  Ethel  M. 

A,  Grale — born  in  New  Jersey  in  1825;  went  to  Albion,  N.  Y. 
in  1838;  came  west  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  in  1854,  and  in  1871  to 
Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  present  business;  was  among  the  first 
settlers  of  this  village;  married  Louisa  E.  Churchill,  a  native  of 
New  York. 

M.  Gerin — born  in  Ireland;  came  to  America  in  1852  and  lo- 
cated with  parents  in  Canada;  in  1877  he  came  to  United  States, 
and  his  first  permanent  location  was  in  this  city. 

H.  Gilbert — born  in  Germany  in  1833;  came  to  America  in 
1846,  and  settled  in  Washington  Co.,  Wis.:  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in 
1873. 

J.  Grant — bcrn  in  Montreal.  Canada,  in  1855:  came  to  Sioux 
Falls  Aug.  19th,  1880. 

Murray  A.  Gould — born  in  Maine  in  1856;  came  west  in  1878 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  Wash- 
burne  Mills:  came  to  Sioux  Falls  April,  1881,  and  engaged  in  the 
Queen  Bee  Mill. 

Geo.  Gildersleeve — head  miller  and  manager  of  Queen  Bee 
Mill;  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1838;  came  to  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  in  1878  and  was  engaged  in  the  construction  of  Washburne's 
Mill;  came  to  Sioux  Falls,  August  19th,  1880. 

A.  A.  Grout — born  in  Dane  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1850:  came  to  Sioux 
Falls  in  1878. 

Gunder  K.  Gunderson — was  born  in  Norway  m  1825;  came  to 
America  in  1864,  and  located  in  Chicago  where  he  remained  until 
he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1880;  married  Bertha  Frank,  also  a  na- 
tive of  Norway;  they  have  seven  children,  four  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

Charles  E.  Gregory — born  in  Nanvoo,  III,  in  1856;  came  to 
Dakota  in  1880,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Sioux  Falls. 

Philo  Hall — born  in  Canada  in  1841;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in 
March,  ISSO;  inarried  Mary  E.  Green,  a  native  of  New  York  city; 
they  have  four  children,  Philo,  Mary,  Geo.  P.  and  Nellie  May. 

R.  C.  Hawkins — probate  judge;  born  in  Clinton  county,  N. 
Y.,  July  23,  1824;  in  '44  he  removed  to  Aurora,  111.;  six  years 
later  he  removed  to  Richland  county,  Wis.,  where  he  lived  until 
1872,  when  he  removed  to  Sioux  Falls;  in  1878  he  was  elected 
probate  judge,  which  office  he  still  holds;  has  been  twice  married, 
first  to  Ada  Munroe,  a  native  of  Connecticut;  they  had  eight 
children,  three  of  which  are  now  living;  married  again  Hattie 
Albertson.  a  native  of  Pennsvlvania:  have  one  child — John  R. 


312  SIOUX    FALLS  BIOGRAPHIES. 

A.  J.  Hayes — cand}^  factory;  born  in  Albany  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1834;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  about  1852,  and  in  1874  he  re- 
moved to  Sioux  Falls;  married  Nellie  Long,  a  native  of  England; 
they  have  three  children. 

T.  Hardiman — machinist,  Queen  Bee  mill;  born  in  Lake  Su- 
perior in  1857;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1879. 

J.  B.  Hawley — surveyor  and  city  civil  engineer;  born  in 
Osnabrook,  Canada,  in  1847;  he  lived  in  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  until 
he  was  ten  years  old;  he  came  west  with  his  parents  and  settled  in 
Mankato,  Minn.;  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1880. 

John  Henjum — dealer  in  staple  and  fancy  groceries;  born  in 
Norway  in  1844;  came  to  America  in  '48  and  settled  in  Dane  co., 
Wisconsin;  lived  there  until  '61,  when  hereinoved  to  Decorah,  la., 
and  attended  Luther  College;  he  afterwards  taught  school  until 
1876,  when  he  moved  toSioux  Falls;  married  Christie  Bersie,  a  na- 
tive of  Winnesheik  Co.,  Iowa,  and  they  have  two  children,  Han- 
nah, Louisa  and  John  Albert. 

C.  0.  Henjum — born  in  Norway  in  1847;  came  to  America  in 
1866,  and  settled  in  Fillmore  county,  Minn;  came  to  Dakota  in 
1872,  and  located  in  Sioux  Falls,  engaged  in  present  business  in 
1878.  Married  Petrine  B.  Anderson,  a  native  of  Norway.  They 
have  one  child — a  daughter. 

Henry  L.  HoUister — cashier  of  1st  National  Bank,  Sioux  Falls; 
born  in  Winnebago  county,  Ills.,  in  1856;  came  to  Dakota  in 
1877  and  engaged  in  his  present  business.  Married  Fanny  C.  Mer- 
ritt,  a  native  of  Winnebago  county,  Illinois.  They  have  one 
daughter. 

C.  K.  Howard — dealer  in  general  merchandise  and  stock;  born 
in  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1836;  came  west  in  1856  and  settled  in 
Sioux  City  and  engaged  in  steam  boating,  afterwards  in  drug  bus- 
iness. Came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1869,  and  engaged  in  present  busi- 
ness. 

John  Q.  Houts — billard  saloon;  ])orn  in  Indianain  1848;  went 
to  Kansas  in  1863,  and  removed  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1877,  and  en- 
gaged in  present  business.  Married  Lulu  Dennison  a  native  of 
N.  Y. 

J.  F.  Hopkins — agent  for  American  Express  Company. 

J.  H.  Hutchins — born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1842;  in  1878  he 
came  to  Dakota  and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 

C.  W.  Hul)bard— superintendent  of  "the  Sioux  Falls  Water 
Power  Company. 

H.  F.  Jackson — millwright  and  l)uilder,  employed  at  Queen 
Bee  Mill. 

Mads  Johnson — Sioux  Falls  millwright,  (^ueen  Bee  mill:  born 
in  Norway  in  1847;  came  to  America  in  1872,  and  settled  in  Fil- 


SIOUX   FALLS   BIOGRAPHIES.  313 

more  Co.,  Minn.;  came  here  in  1880;  married   Nattie  Peterson,  a 
native  of  Norwdy;  they  have  three  children. 

W.  W.  Johnson — was  born  in  Williams  county,  Ohio,  in  1847;  in 
1872  came  to  Dakota  and  settled  in  this  county;  married  Armena 
Rathbun,  a  native  of  New  York.  They  hav^  three  children,  Jen- 
nie, Harvey  and  Zeruia. 

C.  A,  Kampt — proprietor  of  billiard  hall;  established  in  Jan., 
1881;  he  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1834;  came  to  America  in  1870, 
and  settled  in  Yankton.     Came  to  Sioux  Falls,  in  Oct.,  1880. 

W.  R.  Kingsbury — dealer  in  dry  goods;  born  in  Connecticut, 
in  1832;  was  in  dry  goods  business  in  Chicago,  Ills.,  for  a  number 
of  years;  went  to  Nebraska  in  1857,  and  located  in  Sioux  Falls  in 
1878  and  established  business. 

Geo.  A.  Knott — proprietor  of  Sioux  Falls  Brewery,  establish- 
ed in  1874;  built  at  a  cost  of  $20,000  and  has  a  capacity  for  mak- 
ing 4,000  barrels  per  year;  born  in  Sussex,  England,  in  1838;  came 
to  America  in  '56  and  settled  in  Belvidere,  Ills.,  where  he  lived 
until  1860,  and  removed  to  Waverly,  Iowa,  and  remained  there 
until  1874,  he  then  came  to  Sioux  Falls.  He  married  Mary  Beebe, 
a  native  of  New  York.  They  have  two  children — Jennie  and 
Georgia. 

James  Krebs — proprietor  of  Sioux  Falls  House;  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania in  1843;  came  to  Wisconsin  in  3860  and  settled  in  Vernon 
county;  removed  here  in  April,  1873.  Married  Alice  Huggins,  a 
native  of  Wisconsin.  They  have  three  children,  Annetta,  Edward, 
Earnest. 

J.  M.  Leavitt — was  born  in  Waukesha  county.  Wis.,  in  1842; 
in  1878  came  to  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  present  business. 

T.  F.  Leavitt — was  born  in  Waukesha  county.  Wis.,  in  1844;  in 
Jan.,  1874,  he  moved  to  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  and  two  years  later 
came  here  and  engaged  in  his  present  business;  married  Ella  Stone, 
a  native  of  Wisconsin;  have  two  children,  a  son  and  daughter. 

Geo.  W.Lewis — insurance;  established  in  1878;  born  in  Ma- 
lone,  Franklin  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1844;  came  to  Dakota  in  the 
pring  of  1878,  and  engaged  in  present  business. 

J.  B.  LeBlond — physician  and  surgeon;  established  in  May, 
1880;  born  in  Richland  county,  Ohio,  in  1825;  came  to  Minnesota 
in  1856  and  settled  in  Brownsville,  where  he  remained  until  1880; 
married  Kate  Ward,  a  native  of  Middletown,  Ohio;  they  have  two 
sons. 

Chas.  Manouk- stone  dresser;  born  in  Smyrna  in  1853;  came 
to  America  in  1861  and  settled  in  New  York  City  and  remained 
three  years;  removed  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  stayed;  then  Avent 
to  Chicago,  Ills.;  stayed  there  three  ye.ars;  then  went   to  Milwau- 


314  SIOL'X   FALLS    BIOGRAPHIES. 

kee,  Wis.;  stayed  one  year;  and  moved  to  Minneapolis  Minn.; 
stayed  one  and  one-half  years,  and  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  December, 
1880. 

Thos  C.  Marson — carpenter  and  builder;  established  in  1876; 
born  in  En<?land  in  1^^34;  came  to  America  in  1845,  and  settled  in 
Rochester;  N.  Y..  in  1855  he  came  to  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  soon 
after  removed  to  Illinois;  he  married  Sophia  Mayo,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land. They  have  six  children,  Ida,  Jessie,  Roger,  Mattie,  Mayo 
and  Sophia. 

A.  L.  Marcy — born  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1851:  in  1867  he 
came  to  Chicago,  where  he  lived  until  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls;  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1873,  at  a  Homeopathic  Medical  College. 
Philadelphia. 

Chas  McKinney — born  in  Athens.  Bradford  county,  Penn.,  in 
1856;  came  to  Dakota  in  ISSO  and  settled  in  this  city;  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  banking  firm  of  McKinney  &  Scougal.  Married  Ella 
A.  Waterman,  a  native  of  Coldwater,  Michigan. 

John  McKee — born  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  i;i  1847;  came  tc 
America  in  *6S,  and  located  in  New  York;  in  '71  came  here.  Mar- 
ried Ella  Brooks,  a  native  of  Wisconsin.  They  have  three  child- 
ren. 

John  M.  Manson — born  in  Cleveland.  Ohio,  in  1850:  came  to 
Dakota  in  1878. 

Chas.  0.  Natesta — register  of  deeds  and  county  clerk:  elected 
in  1878;  born  in  Rock  county,  Wis.,  1841;  in  May,  1873  he  came 
to  this  city  and  engaged  in  merchandising  until  elected  to  this 
office  in  '78.  Married  Nellie  M.  Blair,  a  native  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.; 
have  one  child,  Pheba  E. 

E.  S.  Norton — station  agent,  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Omaha; 
born  in  Glenn  Falls,  New  York,  in  1846:  came  to  Wisconsin  in 
1859,  and  settled  in  Rock  county:  Aug.  31,  1880  he  came  to  Sioux 
Falls;  he  married  Annie  E.  Stewart,  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
have  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

C.  L.  Norton — assistant  cashier  First  National  Bank. 

John  T.  Norton — born  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  in  1843;  came 
to  Iowa  in  '53.  and  settled  in  Lansing;  in  1878  he  came  to  Sioux 
Falls.  Married  Catherine  Norton;  a  native  of  Mass.  They  have 
one  child,  Nellie. 

S.  Olney — born  in  Warren  county,  Pa.,  in  1846:  came  west  in 
1869  and  settled  in  Sioux  Rapids,  Iowa;  removed  to  Turner  county. 
D.  T.,  in  1875:  thence,  in  1877.  to  this  city. 

J.W.Parker.  Jr. — born  in  Warren,  Illinois  in  1851;  came 
to  Sioux  Falls  in  June,  1881. 

R.  (j.  Parmley — born  in  Rock  county.  Wis.,  in  1851:  came  to 
Sioux  Falls  in  March,  1!^78.  ]Married  Fanny  Damm.  They  have 
two  sons  and  one  daughter. 


SIOUX   FALLS   BIOGRAPHIES.  315 

Edwin  Parliman — born  in  Ohio  in  1832.  In  1853  went  to 
to  Decorah.  Iowa,  and  in  1859  removed  to  Hastings,  Minn,  and 
came  here  in  1877;  enlisted  in  1863  and  served  three  years;  com- 
missioned captain.  Married  Isabel  J.  North,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
They  have  four  children,  Anna,  Ralph  W.,  Percy  and  Mary. 

J.  B.  Peterson — proprietor  of  9th  street  meat  market;  estab- 
lished in  1878;  born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1848;  came  to  Sioux 
Falls  inl878;  married  Edith  E.  Morey,  a  native  of  Vermont;  they 
have  two  children;  a  son  and  daughter. 

A.  Petterson — born  in  Norway,  in  1833;  came  to  America  in 
''6Q,  and  located  in  Chicago;  in '68  became  to  Ft.  Sully,  p.  T.,  and. 
removed  to  Sioux  Falls  in  '72,  and  was  employed  as  carpenter  and 
builder  until  he  engaged  in  present  business;  married  Betti  Nelson, 
a  native  of  Sweden.     He  has  one  son  by  a  former  wife. 

Wm.  Peterson — was  born  in  Denmark  in  1852;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1872,  and  settled  in  Yankton:  in  1877  he  removed  to  Sioux 
Falls. 

Porter  P.  Peck — born  in  Canada  in  1843;  came  to  U.  S.  when 
he  was  10  years  old  and  located  with  his  parents  at  Kenosha,  Wis.; 
in  1872  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  his  present  business; 
married  Catherine  W.  Cornue,  a  native  of  Wisconsin, 

J.  L.  Phillips — born  in  Maine  in  1835;  came  to  Dakota  in  '57 
and  settled  here;  in  1861  he  enlisted  as  surgeon  of  the  16th  Iowa 
Infantry,  and  served  four  years;  in  '69  he  returned  to  Sioux  Falls 
and  for  a  number  of  years  practiced  medicine. 

Place  Bros.  &  Co.— C.  E.  Place  was  born  in  Maine  in  1839; 
came  to  Dakota  in  April,  1880. 

Phillip  Plaster — proprietor  of  First  and  Last  Chance,  near  St. 
Paul  depot,  8th  Street;  born  in  Niagara  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1849; 
came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  November,  1878,  and  engaged  in  present 
business. 

Henry  Pontz — dealer  in  cigars  and  tobacco;  established  in  1879; 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1849;  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1879; 
married  Mary  Vrennen.  a  native  of  Minn. 

T.  H.  Prumer — blacksmith.  Established  business  in  1874; 
born  in  Ohio  in  1855;  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1860;  went  to  Illinois, 
thence  to  Iowa  and  in  1871  came  to  Sioux  Falls;  married  Jennie 
Knott,  a  native  of  Bremer  county,  Iowa,  they  have  one  child,  a 
son. 

T.  A.  Robinson — insurance;  established  business  in  1878  under 
firm  name  of  Briggs  &  Robinson;  born  in  England  in  1847;  came 
to  America  in  1855  and  located  in  Detroit,  Mich.;  came  to  Sionx 
•Falls  in  1868;  has  been  in  the  Territory  fourteen  years. 

Michaels  &  Roberts — proprietors  of  meat  market  opposite  Com- 
mercial Hotel. 

Thos.  Roberts — born  in  England  in  1841;  came  to  America  in 


316  SIOUX   FALLS    lilOGRAPHIES. 

'43  and  settled  in  New  Jersey;  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1878; 
opened  business  for  himself  in  August,  1881. 

W.  C.  Rose — stone  dresser:  born  in  Monroe  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1847;  came  to  Chicago.  111.,  in  1868,  and  thence  to  West  Liberty, 
la.;  came  to  Sioux  Falls,  January,  1881. 

Edwin  E.  Sage — real  estate  dealer,  Howard  &  Taylor's  Block. 

Geo.  B.  Sammons — dealer  in  general  merchandise,  Brandon, 
Minnehaha  county,  D.  T.;  established  business  in  1881;  born  in 
Oneida  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1834;  came  to  this  place  in  1873;  mar- 
ried Ada  Robinson,  a  native  of  Gennessee  county,  N.  Y.;  they 
"have  two. children,  a  son  and  daughter. 

Clayton  T.  Sischo — watchmaker  and  jeweler;  established  bus- 
iness in  1879:  born  in  Michigan  in  1857;  came  to  Dakota  in  1877, 
and  settled  in  Vermillion;  removed  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1879. 

Edwin  Sharp  &  Co. — dealers  in  lumber,  doors,  sash  and  blinds; 
Edwin  Sharp  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1843;  in  1871  he  came 
to  Sioux  Falls,  and  engaged  in  lumber  business. 

E.  A.  Sherman — of  firm  of  Emerson,  Sherman  &  Co:  born  in 
Massachusetts  in  1844;  came  to  Woodbury  county,  Iowa,  in  1872, 
and  engaged  in  teaching;  the  following  year  he  came  to  this  place 
and  engaged  in  editing  the  Independent,  which  he  continued  one 
and  a  half  years.  Then  opened  real  estate  and  loan  office,  and  in 
1876  was  elected  Territory  Treasurer;  and  confirmed  by  governor; 
held  two  years,  and  was  appointed  auditor,  which  office  he  held 
two  years.  He  is  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Cascade  mill  prop- 
erty. Married  Florence  S.  Cowdreif,  of  Melrose,  Mass.;  they  have 
one  child,  a  daughter.  Mr.  S.  has  held  various  town  offices;  pres- 
ident of  school  board;  at  present  is  president  of  the  Territorial  In- 
stitute for  Deaf  Mutes. 

Charles  T.  Scheel — grain  buyer  for  Basset,  Hunting  k  Co.i 
McGregor,  Iowa.  Born  in  St.  Louis  in  1851;  came  to  Iowa  in 
1872  and  settled  in  Ridgjway;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  Aug.,  1881. 

Christ  Skoyen — born  in  Norway  in  1848;  came  to  America  in 
1873.  and  settled  in  Chicago;  in  1877  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls;  mar- 
ried Lizzie  Hansen,  a  native  of  Norway;  have  one  child,  Josephe- 
nia. 

Geo.  D.  Smead — was  born  in  Luzerne  county,  Penn.,  in  '49; 
came  to  Grant  county.  Wis.,  in  1855,  and  settled  near  Bee  Town; 
in  1878  came  to  Sioux  Falls;  married  Nancy  l^arninghani,  a  native 
of  Grant  county;  they  have  two  children  Frank  and  Josie. 

Wm.  Snell — born  in  Rice  county,  Minn.,  in  1859;  spent  two 
years  in  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  in  tlie  fiour  business;  came  to  Sioux 
Falls,  July,  1881:  married  Nettie  Thompson,  a  native  of  St. 
Cloud,  Minn. 

H.  M.  Stearns,  millwright;  born  in  Vermont  in  1846;  came  to 
Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Chippewa  county;  removed  to  Minneapo- 


SIOUX    FALLS    BIOGRAPHIES.  317 

lis,  Minn.,  in  1878;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  July,  1880.  Married 
Frances  Gorman,  a  native  of  Wisconsin.  They  have  two  children. 
Perry  A.  C.  Stevens — Millwright;  born  in  Oswego  county, 
N.  Y.,  in  1S47;  came  west  in  1856  and  settled  in  111.  Removed  to 
Ft.  Dodge,  Iowa,  in  187<),  and  in  1881  located  inSioux  Falls;  mar- 
ried Stella  Richards,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire.  They  have  two 
children. 

M.  A.  Stickney — miller;  born  in  Vermont  in  1846  came  west  in 
1855,  and  settled  in  Winona  county,  Minn;  came  to  Sioux  Falls 
in  1877;  married  Mary  E.  Roberts,  a  native  of  Indiana.  They 
have  two  children. 

John  Sundback — of  the  firm  of  Johnson  &  Sundback;  born 
in  Sweden  in  1850;  came  to  America  in  1867  and  settled  in  Des 
Moines,  lo.;  came  to  this  county  in  1872  and  settled  in  Edson 
township;  entered  the  first  claim  in  that  town;  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  the  spring  of  1881;  married  Jennie  Bentson,  a  native  of 
Norway.     They  have  three  children. 

Albert  H.  Stites — dealer  in  drugs  and  medicines;  established 
business  in  1881;  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1857;  came  to  Sioux 
Falls  in  July,  1881  and  engaged  in  business  here. 

0.  S.  Swenson — dealer  in  hardware,  stoves  and  tinware;  es- 
tablished business  in  1880;  born  in  Norway  in  1845;  came  to 
America  in  '57  and  settled  in  Nicollet  county,  Minn.;  came  to 
Sioux  Falls  in  1880;  married  Eliza  S.  Ranney,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky,    They  have  three  children;    two  sons  and  a  daughter. 

L.  S.  Swezey — attorney  at  law;  established  business  in  1879; 
had  ten  years  practice  in  Chicago  before  coming  here;  completed 
collegiate  course  at  Beloit  college,  Wis. 

F.  W.  Taylor— born  in  Omro,  Wis.,  in  1857;  in  1867  he 
went  to  Chicago,  where  he  lived  thirteen  years;  in  1880  he  came 
to  Sioux  Falls  and  engaged  in  the  hardware  business. 

K.  Thompson — proprietor  of  Thompson  House  and  dealer  in 
agricultural  implements;  born  in  Norway  in  1847;  came  to 
America  in  1852,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in 
1875;  married  Rachael  Thompson;  they  have  three  children. 

J.  P.  Tufts — sale  stable  and  dealer  in  stock;  born  in  Brattle- 
boro,  Vt.,  in  1852;  came  to  Illinois  in  '56,  and  lived  with  his 
parents  near  Genesseo;  he  has  been  engaged  in  various  business, 
until  July,  1880,  he  located  at  this  city  and  engaged  in  his  present 
business. 

C.  H.  Vincent — born  in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1845; 
came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  March,  1877  and  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business,  which  business  he  still  continues;  he  married  C.  F. 
Raynor,  a  native  of  Wisconsin. 

Edward  Watson — physician  and  surgeon;  born  in  Canada  in 
1840;  came  to  the  United  States  in  '49  and  settled  in  Ann  Arbor, 


318  ELKTON  AN'D   MARIOX   JUNCTION"   BIOGRAPHIES. 


Mich.,  where  he  received  his  medical  education,  graduating  in  the 
class  of  1873:  in  1878  he  came  to  Sioux  Falls:  married  Alice  J. 
Fralick.  a  native  of  Michigan. 

J.  B.  Watson— miller,  Queen  Bee  mill;  born  in  Nelson, 
Madison  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1840;  came  west  in  I860:  located  in 
Sioux  Fails  in  1878;  married  Mary  Nelson,  a  native  of  Norway; 
they  have  three  children. 

Cyrus  Walts— born  in  Jefferson  county.  Wis.,  in  1844;  went 
to  Yankton  in  *69;  in  the  spring  of  1870  he  came  here  and  en- 
gaged in  real  estate;  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  district  court  in 
1874,  which  position  he  still  holds;  he  has  been  superintendent  of 
schools  one  year,  county  surveyor  four  years;  married  Mary  A. 
Benton,  a  native  of  Columbus,  Ohio:  have  three  children— Charles 
C,  Hattie  L.  and  Hope. 

Guy  C.  Weed— collector:  born  in  Racine.  Wis.,  in  1845; 
came  to  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  in  1870,  and  in  1878  came  to  Sioux  Falls; 
married  Helen  T.  Jones,  a  native  of  Wisconsin;  have  three  sons. 

C.  H.  Winsor — attorney  at  law;  established  business  in  1870; 
tried  the  first  law-suit  in  this  county;  born  in  Elkhorn,  Walworth 
county.  Wis.,  in  1847;  came  to  Canton,  D.  T.,  in  1870  and  re- 
moved to  this  city  in  1873. 

John  Zeutel— proprietor  of  Cataract  saloon,  also  proprietor  of 
billiard  hall  opposite  Commercial  House;  born  in  Hessian,  Ger- 
many, in  1845;  came  to  America  in  August,  '65  and  settled  in 
New  York;  in  October,  1879,  came  to  Sioux  Falls. 


John  Black — general  merchandise;  born  at  Canton,  0.,  in 
1848;  moved  with  parents  to  Freeport,  Ills.;  thence  in  1871  to 
Tenn.;  thence  in  1873  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  remained  six 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Rochester,  Minn.;  came  to  Elkton  in 
the  winter  of  1880-81;  married  to  Jennie  Powers,  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 

A.  W.  Blanchard— general  merchandise,  firm  of  Morse  & 
Blanchard;  born  in  Vt.  in  1854;  moved  to  Iowa  in  1872;  thence 
to  Dakota  in  1876;  came  to  Elkton  in  May,  1880.  Mr.  Bhmchard 
Avas  the  first  to  engage  in  business  in  Elkton. 

A.  F.  Henry — general  merchandise:  Ijorn  in  Germany  in  1845; 
came  to  the  U.  S.,  in  1852,  and  located  in  Wis.:  thence  to  Minn., 
in  1878;  came  to  Elkton  in  Dec,  1880;  married  to  Winnie  Shep- 
pard,  of  Wis.,  and  has  one  son  Marrion  Fink. 

ilIAISI4>.>  .II  :\CTI03f. 

Louis  Sawady — was  born  in  I'russia  in  1854;  ctime  to  Amer- 
ica in  1871,  and  settled  in  New  York,  where  he  resided  two  and 
one-half  vears:  he  then  moved  to  P>;itavia  where  he  remained  four 


PARKER    BIOGRAPHIES.  319 


years;  from  there  he  movect  to  Swan  Lake,  Dakota,  and  shortly 
afterward  located  permanently  at  Marion  Junction,  where  he  is  at 
present,  postmaster. 

John  Ryan — was  born  in  Ireland  in  18i3;  came  to  America 
in  1851,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  from  Wisconsin  he  moved  to 
Idaho,  Montana  and  Colorado;  from  there  to  Texas;  thence  to 
Illinois;  thence  to  Dakota  in  1879;  he  was  United  States  deputy 
marshal  in  a  district  in  Texas. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Nutting — was  born  in  Windsor  county,  Vermont 
in  1839;  came  west  in  1877,  and  settled  in  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa;  he 
then  removed  to  Iowa  City;  and  in  the  fall  of  1880,  moved  to  Ma- 
rion Junction,  Dakota;  he  married  Jennie  W.  AVard,  of  Iowa  City, 
Iowa;  he  has  six  children;  W,  W.  Jr..  physician  in  Mitchell;  C.  E.. 
traveling-  man;  R.  R.,  clerk  in  hotel:  Cora  I.,  teacher  of  music; 
Aggie  E.,  and  Minnie  M. 

Louis  Schafer — was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1852;  in  1879  he 
came  west  and  settled  in  Marian  Junction. 

Fred  Roeber — was  bom  in  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  in  1853; 
in  April,  1879,  came  to  Dakota  and  settled  in  Cameron,  and  soon 
afterward  moved  to  Marion  Junction,  where  he  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers;  he  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace,  school  clerk 
and  other  town  offices;  he  is  now  (1881)  president  of  the  village; 
he  married  Ernestine  Gosskopf,  of  Wisconsin;  they  have  one  boy 
named  William. 

Henry  Roeber — was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1855;  in  May,  1879, 
he  came  west  and  settled  in  Cameron,  Dakota;  in  October,  1879, 
he  moved  to  Marion  Junction,  where  he  is  now  located,  (1881). 

T.  C.  Winn — was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1854;  came  west  in 
1874,  where  he  followed  the  harness  business;  he  then  moved  back 
to  Wisconsin;  in  1879,  he  again  came  west  and  settled  in  Marion 
Junction;  he  has  served  as  road  supervisor  here  one  term;  he  mar- 
ried Julia  Walters,  of  Iowa;  have  one  girl,  named  Maggie. 


PARKER. 

W.  S.  Branch — was  born  in  Ohio  in  1854;  came  west  and  set- 
tled in  Rochester,  Minnesota,  in  1876;  moved  to  Dakota  in  March, 
1880,  and  settled  in  Parker,  and  established  his  business. 

H.  H.  Schafer— was  born  in  Bavaria  in  1815;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1854,  and  settled  in  Iowa;  from  Iowa  he  came  here  in  1867; 
he  married  Ada  Tubbs,  of  New  York  state. 

S.  Hay  ward — was  born  in  Wayne  county.  New  York  in  1829; 
came  west  in  1856,  and  settled  in  New  Lisbon,  Wisconsin;  in  1874, 
he  moved  to  Vermillion,  Dakota;  established  business  in  Parker  in 
1879;  he  served  in  the  army  fifteen  niohths;  he  married  Sarah  A. 
Harris,  of  Ontario  county,'New  York;  has  six  children,  Mary  E., 
Franklin  E.,  Maria,  Wallace,  Nellie,  and  Willie. 


320  PABKER   BIOGRAPHIES.  ^j 


Vale  p.  Tliielman— born  in  (Termany  in  1843;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1845.  and  settled  in  NeAV  York,  Avhere  lie  received  his  educa 
tion;  in  1863,  he  came  west  and  settled  in  Illinois;  from  Illinois 
he  came  to  Dakota  in  1864,  and  settled  in  Sioux  Falls;  for  some 
time  afterwards  he  traveled  up  and  down  the  Missouri  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  government;  he  was  the  first  white  male  settler  in 
Turner  county:  came  there  in  1869;  he -served  in  the  military  two 
and  a-half  years  in  this  Territorv  and  three  years  in  the  regular 
army;  he  was  in  the  147th  Illinois,  company  D;  was  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  legislature  one  term;  he  has  served  in  almostevery 
capacity  as  county  and  town  olFicer;  was  superintendent  of  immi- 
gration for  some  time:  he  married  Sarah  J.  Black,  of  Galena,  III; 
they  have  one  adopted  child,  named  Nora. 

J.  A.  Hand — was  born  in  Akron,  Summit  county,  Ohio,  in 
1845;  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1850  and  settled  in  Columbia  county; 
he  received  his  education  in  Wisconsin;  in  1862,  he  moved  to  Ill- 
inois; he  then  moved  back  to  Wisconsin  in  1865;  in  the  fall  of 
1866,'  he  moved  to  Yankton,  D.  T.,  where  he  read  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1869;  the  fall  of  1869,  he  was  elected  district 
attorney;  in  the  spring  of  1871,  he  moved  to  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota, 
where  he  practiced  law,  and  Avas  appointed  district  attorney:  in  the 
fall  of  1873.  he  moved  back  to  Yankton,  where  he  practiced  law 
until  1876,  when  he  was  elected  probate  judge;  in  the  spring  of 
1877,  he  was  appointed  register  of  deeds,  of  Lawrence  county,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  eight  months;  after  that  he  practiced 
law  in  Crook  City,  until  the  fall  of  1878;  that  fall  he  moved  to 
Swan  Lake,  D.  T.,  and  the  following  fall  he  moved  to  Parker, 
where  he  settled  permanently;  he  was  the  first  attorney  to  locate 
in  Parker;  he  married  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hoyt,  of  Yank- 
ton; they  have  three  children,  Russell  C,  James  A.,  MelancthonR. 

W.  H.  Heselton — was  born  in  Skowhegan,  Maine  in  1850; 
came  west  in  1876,  and  settled  in  California,  where  he  remained 
three  years;  in  1880  he  moved  to  Parker,  D.  T.,  where  he  is  now  a 
resident. 

Gustav  Gilbert— was  born  in  Norway  in  1846;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1864,  and  settled  in  Alaraakee  county,  Iowa:  he  from  there 
moved  to  Sioux  Rapids  and  started  that  town;  he  was  the  first 
postmaster  in  Sioux  Rapids;  from  there  he  moved  to  Dakota;  he 
married  Carrie  Hansen,  of  Norway;  they  have  one  boy,  named 
Julius  C.  V. 

C.  H.  Fay — was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1851;  in 
1859,  he  came  west,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  in  1869,  he  moved 
to  Iowa,  and  from  Iowa  to  Parker,  Dakota:  he  married  Fmma 
Premo.  of  Wisconsin;  they  have  three  children,  Lewis  W.,  Mel- 
ville D.,  and  Mabel  L. 

G.  S.  Rathbun— was  born  in  Dane  county,  Wisconsin  in  1849; 
in  1865,  he  moved  to  Floyd  county,  Iowa;  he  then  moved  to  Lake 


PARKER    BIOGRAPHIES.  321 

Superior,  and  from  there  to  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota;  from  Sioux  Falls 
he  moved  to  Parker;  he  served  in  the  army  seven  months,  in  the 
44:th  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry,  under  Colonels  E.  G.  Sims  and 
Bissell. 

L.  Gilbert — was  horn  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1827;  in 
1857,  came  west  and  settled  in  Minnesota;  in  1877,  moved  to  Da- 
kota and  settled  in  Parker  in  1879;  served  in  the  army  eight 
months;  went  in  as  lieutenant  in  the  heavy  artillery;  married 
Miss  Brand,  of  Madison  county,  New  York;  they  have  one  child 
named  Charles  E. 

M.  T.  Howard — was  born  in  Gennesseo,  Henry  county,  Ills., 
in  1853;  in  1870.  he  went  to  Wisconsin;  he  then  moved  to  Sioux 
Falls,  Dakota,  and  from  there  to  Parker:  he  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  this  town;  has  been  deputy  sheriff  and  constable  at  dif- 
ferent times;  he  married  Julia  M.  Coon,  of  Wisconsin;  they  have 
two  children.  Lulu  D.,  and  Corrinne. 

George  Hatch — was  born  in  Michigan  in  1859;  came  west  in 
1873,  and  settled  in  Yankton,  Dakota;  in  1880.  he  moved  to  Par- 
ker where  he  established  business;  he  married  Christina  Smith,  of 
Parker,  Dakota. 

George  W.  Howard — was  born  in  Gennesseo,  Illinois  in  1840; 
in  1862,  he  moved  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  in  Ft.  Atkinson;  in 
1868,  he  moved  to  Edgerton,  Wisconsin;  in  1878,  he  moved  to 
Sioux  Falls,  D.  T.,  and  from  there  to  Parker,  where  he  is  now 
located;  He  married  Olive  D.  Coon,  of  Utica,  Wisconsin;  they 
have  five  children,  Gladdys  C,  George  W.  Jr.,  Clarence  S.,  Lucy 
and  Maud. 

C.  G.  Pratt — was  born  in  Maine  in  1848;  came  west  in  the 
spring  of  1866,  and  settled  in  Milwaukee,  AYisconsiu;  he  then 
moved  to  Southern  Illinois,  where  he  was  connected  with  tlie  I.  C. 
R.  R.,  for  twelve  years;  he  then  moved  to  Waterloo,  Iowa,  where 
he  went  into  business;  from  Waterloo  he  came  to  Parker,  Dakota; 
he  was  the  first  white  man  on  the  town  site;  he  served  in  the  navy 
the  last  year  of  the  war;  served  as  a  clerk  in  the  postoffice  depart- 
ment in'Mihvaukee;  he  married  Anna  Harrington,  of  Oswego,  N. 
Y.;  they  have  two  children,  Robert  and  Alice. 

Dr.  A.  L.  Peterman — was  born  in  Ripley  county,  Indiana  in 
1852;  Avas  educated  at  the  Iowa  State  University;  graduated  in 
1877;  practiced  his  profession  in  Iowa,  for  two  years  and  then 
moved  to  Swan  Lake,  Dakota;  after  the  town  of  Parker  started  he 
moved  there  and  settled  permanently;  he  has  been  pension  sur- 
geon the  past  year;  is  at  present  county  coroner. 

H.  H.  Vernon — was  born  in  Ohio  in  1847;  came  west  in  1851; 
and  settled  in  Illinois;  then  removed  to  Iowa,  and  from  Iowa  he 
came  to  Dakota  where  he  settled  permanently;  he  has  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace  one  term;  he  married  Ellen  Berry,  of  Penn- 
sylvania; they  have  two  children,  Bertie  T.,  and  Ernest  E. 


322  EGAN  BIOGRAPHIES. 


(leo.  Bidwell — (lo])uty  postmaster;  boni  in  liuliuna.  in  1855; 
moved  to  Iowa  in  1870;  the  followin<if  year  he  came  to  Dakota  and 
settled  in  Moody  county. 

D.  Bidwell— merchant;  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  in  1822; 
moved  to  Mich,  in  1836;  thence  to  Indiana  and  thence  to  Iowa; 
came  to  Moody  county  in  1878;  married  to  Abbie  Roberts,  and  has 
two  children,  a  son  and  daughter. 

E.  G.  Boynton — agent  for  John  Paul,  lumber;  born  in  Cort- 
landt  county,  N.  Y..  in  1847;  moved  to  Palmyra.  Wis.,  in  1865; 
thence  to  Chicago,  Ills.,  where  he  remained  ten  years  in  the  lum- 
ber business,  and  M^as  there  during  the  Chicago  fire;  came  to 
Dakota  in  Feb.,  1879;  married  to  Abbie  E.  Graves,  of  Cortlandt 
county,  N.  Y.  , 

Alfred  Brown — farmer;  born  in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  in  1820; 
located  in  Illinois,  thence  to  Green  Lake,  Wis.;  thence  to  Dodds 
county,  Minn.,  and  came  to  Moody  county  in  1878;  married  Mary 
Gilbert,  of  Conn.,  and  has  four  children,  A.  L.,  F.  D.,  Mary  and 
A.  G.  Brown. 

Geo.  M.  DeGroff — attorney.  Was  born  in  Green  Lake  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1850.  Came  to  Dakota  in  June,  1881,  and  settled 
in  Egan;  he  is  a  graduate  of  the  law  department  of  Kansas  State 
University. 

W.  E.  Gessell — restauranteur;  born  in  Indiana  in  1858;  came 
to  Egan,  November,  1880. 

John  Hobart — hardware;  born  in  N.  H.,  in  1832;  moved  to 
Fillmore  county,  Minn.,  in  1861;  thence  to  Moody  county,  Dakota, 
in  1878;  married  Rebecca  Miller,  of  Cauada,  and  has  one  daughter 
Nellie  L.. 

Enos  Karn — meat  market;  born  in  Lansing,  N.  Y.,  in  1847. 
Located  in  Kansas  in  1806;  thence  to  Minnesota;  thence  in  spring, 
of  1880  to  Egan.  Married  to  Matella  D.  Thrall,  of  N.  Y..  and  has 
one  daughter. 

Geo.  R  Lanning — editor  Express;  born  at  Belvidere,  N.  J., 
Aug.  14th,  1844;  moved  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  in  1857;  thence  to 
Janesville,  Clear  Lake  and  Mason  City;  served  two  years  and  eight 
months  during  the  war;  returned  to  Mason  City  in  1870;  thence  to 
Garner.  Iowa;  thence  back  to  Mason  City;  from  the  latter  place  to 
Lime  Si)rings,  Iowa,  and  from  there  to  Roscoe,  Moody  county,  D. 
T.,  in  1878,  Avhere  he  started  the  Eagan  Express.  Has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  newspaper  business  twelve  years.  Married  to  Mary 
Knadler,  at  Mason  City,  Iowa,  and  has  ono  son  and  three  daugh- 
ters. 

J.  E.  Schneider-physician  and  surgeon;  born  in  France  in 
1846;  his  first  location  was  in  Milwaukee;  thence  to  Utica,  Minn., 


MADISOX    BIOGRAPHIES.  323 


where  he  lived  fifteen  years.  Came  to  Moody  county  in  1877. 
Married  to  Olive  E.  Nash,  of  Ohio,  and  has  three  sons  and  one 
daughter, 

S.  S.  Taylor — proprietor  Taylor  House;  born  in  Bedford  coun- 
ty. Pa.  Came  west  in  1855  aud  settled  in  Blackhawk  countj^Iowa; 
thence  to  Jessup,  Iowa,  w'here  he  was  for  22  years  in  the  hotel 
business.  Came  to  Egan,  Nov.  25,  1880.  Married  to  Anna  Mar- 
garet Clark,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  eight  children,  five  sons  and 
three  daughters. 

T.  H.  Vandergrift — agent  for  Corgil  Bros.,  grain  dealers. 
Born  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  in  1842.  Moved  to  Austin,  Minn.,  in 
1857;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1874;  thence  to  Egan  in  the  spring  of 
1881.  Married  to  Agnes  Dodge,  of  Wisconsin,  and  has  two 
daughters. 


]UAl>l!!iO:^. 

0,  G.  Auley — jeweler;  born  in  Norway  in  1839;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1861,  and  settled  in  Chicago;  thence  to  Iowa;  thence  here; 
he  married  Julia  Sanderson,  also  of  Norway. 

J.  U.  Andrews — propr  of  Madison  House,  Madison,  Dak.,  es- 
tablished in  July,  1880,  by  Wra.  Lee;  purchased  by  Mr.  A.  in 
Aug.  1881;  born  in  Crawford  county,  Penn..  in  1831;  came  west 
in  1855,  and  settled  in  Fon  du  Lac  county.  Wis.;  removed  to  Wa- 
seca county,  Minn.,  in  1857;  came  to  Flandreau  Oct.,  1878,  and 
kept  the  Valley  House  three  years;  married  Eliza  L.  Nelson,  a  na- 
tive of  Penn.;  have  four  children,  Luella,  Addie,  Nettie  and  Grace. 

0.  E.  Batchelder — real  estate  dealer;  born  in  Orauge  count v, 
Vt.,  in  1837;  came  west  in  1839,  and  located  in  Racine  county, 
Wis.;  thence  to  Trempealeau,  Wis.,  and  to  Dak.  in  1873;  he  married 
Martha  Seymour,  a  native  of  New  York;  they  have  two  sons  and 
one  daughter. 

John  Buckley — contractor  and  builder:  born  in  Conn,  in  1846; 
he  went  to  Wis.  in  1851  and  lived  there  until  he  came  here;  he 
married  Margaret  O'Neil,  a  native  of  New  York;  they  have  one 
son  and  two  daughters. 

A.  A.  Broadie — druggist;  born  in  Bremer  county,  Iowa,  in 
1856;  from  there  he  removed  to  Madison,  D.  T.,  and  engaged  in 
the  drug  business;  he  alsc  deals  in  books,  stationery,  wall  paper, 
and  is  a  graduate  of  pharmacy;  he  married  Miss  Shephard. 

W.  B.  Cameron — firm  of  Clark  &  Cameron;  born  in  Canada  in 
1855;  came  west  in  1868,  and  settled  in  Bremer  county,  Iowa;  came 
to  Dakota  in  1879;  married  in  Wisconsin,  Mary  G.  Brewer,  a  native 
of  Canada;  they  have  one  son. 

M.  L.  Clark — merchant;  barn  in  Canada  in  1851;  he  came  to 
Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.,  in  1870;  removed  to  Madison,  D.  T.,  in  Jan., 
1881. 


32 i  MADISON  BIOGRAPHIES. 

A.  W.  Clark — liveryman;  born  iu  Winnebago  connty,  Wis.,  in 
1852;  in  1878,  he  came  to  Lake  county  and  engaged  in  farming 
until  spring  of  1880;  he  married  Mary  J.  Davis,  a  native  of  Can- 
ada; they  have  one  child,  Emily. 

A.  E.  Clough — physician  and  surgeon  and  dealer  in  drugs; 
born  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1850;  came  west  in  1858, 
and  located  in  Decorah,  Iowa;  in  the  spring  of  1878  he  removed 
to  this  county.  Mr.  (-.  is  a  graduate  of  the  Keokuk  Medical  Col- 
lege; married  Mary  Matheny;  they  have  one  daughter. 

A.  J.  Cornelyson — furniture  dealer;  born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa, 
in  1860;  came  here  in  Sept.,  1881,  and  established  his  present 
business. 

J.  J.  Craney — prop,  of  Commercial  House,  established  busi- 
ness in  1881;  born  in  Ireland  in  1842;  came  to  America  in  1845, 
located  in  New  York  city;  came  west  in  1878,  and  located  at  Lu- 
Verne,  Minn.,  and  to  this  Territory  in  1880;  married  Marian  Ryan, 
a  native  of  low  i;  they  have  seven  children,  four  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

J.  W.  Davison — pioneer  merchant;  ])orn  in  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
in  1853;  in  1869  he  came  to  Floyd  county,  Iowa;  he  removed  to 
this  point  in  1880,  and  0|)ened  up  the  first  stock  of  goods;  he  is 
also  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  town  hall,  and  member  of  board 
of  education. 

Frank  Drew  -  lumber  dealer;  born  in  Portage,  Wis.,  in  1858; 
in  1873  he  removed  to  Yankton;  he  soon  after  returned  to  Wis., 
and  in  1880,  again  came  to  Dakota,  and  settled  in  Madison;  he 
married  Lillian  White. 

J.  J.  Fitzgerald — merchant,  established  business  in  April,  1880; 
born  in  Kane  county;  came  west  in  1859,  and  settled  in  Decorah, 
Iowa;  came  here  in  spring  of  1880. 

A.  E.  Fuller — Lake  County  Leader;  born  in  Allegheny  county 
New  York,  in  1850;  came  west  in  1853,  and  settled  in  Columbia 
county,  Wis.;  from  there  he  went  to  Mason  City,  Iowa,  in  1870; 
thence  to  Calhoun  county,  Iowa,  and  in  1878,  he  removed  to  thi-^ 
county. 

l5.  D.  Froeliger — proprietor  of  ten  pin  alley;  born  in  France, 
in  1852;  came  to  America  in  1872,  and  settled  in  Marshall,  Henry 
county,  111.;  came  to  Jackson  county,  Minn.,  in  1879;  in  duly. 
1881,  he  came  to  Madison;  he  married  Charlotte  Frances  Miller,  a 
native  of  Ohio;  they  have  one  child — a  daughter. 

N.  Grosch, — merchant;  born  in  Bavaria  in  1836;  came  to 
America  in  1852,  and  settled  in  Kenosha,  Wis.;  in  '79  he  went  to 
Emmitslmrg,  Iowa,  thence  to  Sheldon,  and  from  there  to  Madison: 
he  married  Angeline  Mischler,  of  Bavaria. 

H.  Gulstiue — lumber  dealer;  born  in  Norway  Jin  1854;  came  to 


MADISON'   BIOGRAPHIES.  325 


America  in  1864;  and  located  ill  Decorah;  thence  in  1878  to  this 
county;  he  married  Hannah  Sivesvend,  a  native  of  Ohio. 

A.  B.  Houts — liquor  dealer;  established  business  Aug.,  1881; 
born  in  Indiana  in  1812;  came  Avest  in  1863  to  Kansas;  from  there 
came  here  in  1881:  married  Mary  M.  Smith,  a  native  of  Illinois. 
They  have  two  children — Minnie  E.  and  Clara  A. 

P.  H.  Harth — dealer  in  gen.  mdse.;  born  in  Germany  in  1842; 
came  to  America  in  his  infancy  with  parents  and  settled  near  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.;  removed  to  this  county  in  Aug.,  1876;  married 
Mary  A.  Stevens,  a  native  of  Ohio;  they  have  three  children,  two 
sons  and  one  daughter. 

E.  W.  Hart — agricultural  dealer;  born  in  York  county,  Peun., 
in  1849;  came  west  1878,  and  settled  in  Lake  Co, 

Wesley  Hill — lumber  dealer;  born  in  Erie  county,  Penn.,  in 
1835;  came  to  Minnesota  in  '56,  and  settled  in  Blue  Earth  City, 
where  he  lived  15  years;  from  there  he  removed  to  Delavan,  in 
same  county,  where  he  lived  until  he  came  here;  he  married  Lor- 
etta  Stone,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  have  two  children,  a  son  and 
daughter. 

S.  M.  Jenks,  M.  D. — born  in  Ohio  in  1846;  came  west  in 
1851;  fro'Ai  there  to  Minnesota,  and  thence  to  Dakota;  heisagrad- 
uate  of  the  Rush  Medical  College,  of  Chicago;  he  married  Marietta 
Tuttle,  a  native  of  Wisconsin;  they  have  two  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter. 

Hon.  Chas.  B.  Kennedy — abstract,  land,  loan,  insurance  and 
express  agent;  born  in  Maine  in  1850;  he  came  to  Mower  county, 
Minn.;  removed  here  in  spring  of  '78;  married  May  E.  William- 
son, a  native  of  Maine;  they  have  two  sons. 

T.  Lannon — proprietor  of  billiard  parlor;  established  Jan.  4, 
1881;  born  in  Ireland  in  1853;  came  to  America  in  1861,  and  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.:  came  west  in  1877  and  located  at  Flan- 
dreau;  came  from  there  here  in  Jan.,  1881. 

William  Lee — born  in  Washington  county.  New  York,  in 
1840;  came  to  Dakota  in  1871,  and  settled  in  this  county.  Mr.  L. 
is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Lake  county;  he  bought  and  sold  furs  in 
an  early  day,  and  can  safely  be  said  to  be  one  of  Lake  county's 
oldest  settlers:  he  married  Sarah  Walker,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
they  liave  one  daughter,  Mabel. 

"  A.  M.  McCallister — dealer  in  hardware,  stoves  and  tin  ware; 
born  in  Putnam  county,  Ohio;  came  to  Avoca,  Wis.,  in  1850; 
came  to  Dakota  in  1880;  located  first  at  Herman;  came  from  there 
here  in  Oct.,  1880;  married  A.  R.  Dimock.  a  native  of  Penn.;  they 
have  three  children.  Blanche,  Nellie  and  Bruce. 

Alexander  McKay — treas.  of  Lake  county,  and  dealer  in  gen- 
eral merchandise;  established  business  three  years  previous  in  old 
town  of  Madison;  moved  store,  stock  and  all,  here;  born  in  Scot- 
land in  1833;    came  to  America  in  1859,  and  settled  in  Waterville, 


326  MADISOX  BIOGRAPIIIEP. 


Le  Seuer  county,  Minn.;  lived  there;  then  went  to  Estherville, 
Emmett  county,  Iowa,  was  in  business  there  twelve  years;  then 
moved  to  Lu  Verne,  Minn.,  and  put  up  the  first  frame  building; 
came  to  this  county  in  1876;  married  Mary  A.  Hammonds,  a  na- 
tive of  England;  they  have  tAvo  sons. 

H.  J.  Patterson — dealer  in  grain,  flour,  feed,  wood  and  coal; 
established  business  in  the  spring  of  1881;  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1844;  came  west  in  1865,  and  settled  in  Tama  county,  Iowa; 
came  here  in  August,  1880;  married  Sophia  R.  White,  a  native  of 
St.  Joe.,  Mich.;  they  have  one  child,  Willis  AV, 

J.  M.  Preston — Lake  County  Leader;  born  in  Bourbon  county, 
Ky.,  in  1841;  came  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  1863,  where  he  lived  until 
1878,  when  he  I'emoved  to  this  county;  he  has  been  in  the  news- 
paper business  most  of  the  time  since  he  came  to  the  Territory, 
and  at  present  is  acting  postmaster  for  Mr.  P.  H.  Harth;  he  mar- 
ried Bessie  Hall,  of  Ohio. 

August  Proehl — furniture  dealer;  born  in  Prussia  in  1848; 
came  to  America  in  1873,  and  settled  in  Mapleton,  Minn.;  thence 
to  Madison;  he  married  Augusta  Drefke,  also  of  Prussia;  they  have 
five  children,  Annie,  William,  Louisa,  Minnie  and  Otto. 

C.  S.  Raymond — dealer  in  dry  goods,  groceries,  hats,  caps, 
boots,  shoes,  &c.;  established  business  in  Oct.,  1880;  born  in  Boone 
county.  Ills.,  in  1848;  came  to  Iowa  in  1875,  and  settled  in  How- 
ard county;  came  here  in  the  spring  of  1880;  married  Martha  J. 
Prindle,  a  native  of  Ills.;  they  have  two  children. 

D.  T.  Scott  —  livery;  established  business  in  September, 
1880;  born  in^Cataraugus  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1838;  came  west  in 
1868,  and  settled  in  Yankton,  Dakota;  lived  there  until  May, 
1880.  Married  Dillian  Mellord,  a  native  of  N.  Y.;  they  have 
three  children — two  daughters  and  one  son. 

W.  F.  Smith,  of  firm  of  W.  F.  Smith  &  Co.,  Madison;  Citi- 
zens' Bank — born  in  Franklin  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1841;  came  west 
in  1855,  and  settled  in  Clayton  county,  Iowa.  Came  here  in 
March,  1878;  engaged  in  real  estate;  was-  appointed  clerk  of 
county  in  1879. 

H.  A.  Snyder,  head  miller  Lake  County  Mill — born  in  Rock 
county  Wisconsin,  in  1852;  removed  to  Clayton  county,  Iowa,  with 
parents,  and  came  to  Dakota  in  June,  1881;  married  Mary  L. 
beott,  a  native  of  Ohio;  they  have  one  son. . 

B.  D.  Sprague — grain  dealer  and  owner  and  proprietor  of 
Madison  Mills;  he  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  and  came  west 
in  1859;  his  first  location  was  i  n  Lansing,  Iowa;  he  afterwards 
removed  to  Rushford.  Minn.,  where  he  still  resides. 

F.  L.  Soper — attorney  at  law;  born  in  Jones  county,  Iowa, 
in  1854;  he  came  to  Emmet  county,  Iowa,  in  1877,  and  the  fol- 
loAsing  year  came  to  this  county;  he  nuirried  Cassie  jJones,  a  na- 
tive of  New  York, 


DELL   RAPIDS    BIOGRAPHIES.  d2  < 

Ct.  K.  Tiffimy,  attorney  at  law — born  in  Canada  in  1850; 
came  to  Dakota  in  1880. 

Frank  W.  Thaxter,  cashier  of  Lake  County  Bank,  Madison, 
Dakota,  established  in  April,  1880 — born  in  Lawrence  county, 
Massachusetts,  January  27th,  1852:  came  west  in  1855,  and  set- 
tled in  Faribault,  Minn.;  thence  removed  to  Harding  county, 
Iowa.     Has  been  engaged  in  banking  business  ten  years. 

J.  A.  Trow,  cashier  of  Citizens'  Bank,  Madison,  Dakota — 
born  in  Green  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1852;  came  to  Dakota  Ter- 
ritory in  1871  and  engaged  in  teaching  at  o'ld  town  of  Madison; 
engaged  in  banking  when  this  bank  was  established;  married  Eva 
N.  Scoggin,  a  native  of  Wisconsin.  Mr.  T.  was  elected  register 
of  deeds  in  1878,  and  re-elected  in  1880. 

J.  M.  VanDervort,  proprietor  of  livery  and  feed  stable — born 
in  Clinton  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1833;  came  to  Fon  du  Lac  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1818,  where  he  lived  until  1880,  when  he  removed 
to  Spring  Valley,  Minn.;  in  June,  1881,  he  came  to  this  county; 
he  married  Jane  Hutchinson,  a  native  of  N.  Y. ;  have  four  chil- 
dren, three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

J.  G.  Wadsworth,  sheriff  of  Lake  county — born  in  Erie 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  1828;  came  west  in  1852  and  settled  near  St. 
Paul,  Minn.;  in  1877  he  removed  to  Lake  county,  Dakota;  where 
he  has  since  resided;  iu  1880  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  this  coun- 
ty, which  office  he  still  holds.  He  married  M.  A.  Wainwright,  a 
native  of  England,  and  they  have  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

W,  W.  White,  president  Lake  County  Bank,  Madison,  D. 
T. — born  in  Oneida  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1812;  came  west  in  1815  to 
Racine  county,  Iowa;  removed  to  Cresco,  Iowa,  in  1868;  thence 
here  in  1878;  been  engaged  in  banking  business  since  March, 
1881;  married  Mary  C.  Selloway,  a  native  of  Racine,  Wisconsin; 
they  have  two  children,  son  and  daughter. 

I>KI^I.  RAP11>««. 

R.  S.  Alexander  -farmer  and  civil  engineer;  born  in  Bedford 
county.  Pa.,  in  1821;  located  in  Dubuque  county,  Iowa,  in  1856; 
came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  1871;  married  to  Esther  M.  Irvin,  of  Bed- 
ford county.  Pa.;  have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living, 
two  sons  and  three  daughters.  Mr.  Alexander  is  one  of  the  orig- 
inal town  proprietoi's,  is  energetic  and  highly  respected,  and  is  pos- 
sessed of  large  landed  interests  in  and  about  Dell  Rapids. 

W.  G.  Blow — farmer;  born  in  1837  at  Avon,  Mich.;  resides 
within  three  and  one-half  miles  of  Dell  Rapids;  came  to  Dakota 
in  1874;  was  married  in  1862  to  Rebecca  Smith,  of  the  town  of 
Pickerel  Lake,  Freeborn  county,  Minn.  Mr.  Blow  was  in  Minne- 
sota during  1862,  and  passed  through  the  horrors  of  the  great  In- 
dian massacre;  when  he  came  to  Minnehaha  county,  there  was  but 
one  house  on  the  present  town  site  of  Dell  Rapids. 


328  DELL   RAPIDS   BIOGRAPHIES. 

Henry  Cobb — drugc;ist;  came  to  Dell  liapidsin  tlie  autumn  of 
1880;  born  in  1847  in  Ncav  York;  removed  to  De  ivalb  county, 
Illinois,  in  1853;  located  at  Sprinpj  Valley,  Wis.,  in  1874,  from 
which  latter  place  he  came  to  Dell  Kapids,  entering  largely  in  the 
drug  and  stationery  business. 

J.  F.  Demeree — livery,  feed  and  sale  stable;  a  native  of  Clay- 
ton county,  Iowa;  born  in  1858;  moved  to  Mitchell  county,  Iowa, 
in  1869;  thence  to  Northfield,  Minn.;  in  1878  came  to  Dakota, 
and  engaged  in  farming  in  the  vicinity  of  Dell  Rapids;  entered 
the  livery  business  in  the  spring  of  1881. 

A.  C.  Folsom — postmaster;  born  in  Columbus,  Wis.,  Nov.  16, 
1857;  moved  to  West  Mitchell,  Iowa,  in  October,  1866,  from 
which  place  he  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  Feb.,  1879;  was  appointed 
postmaster  at  Dell  Rapids  in  January,  1880;  married  Oct.  23,  1879, 
to  Cassie  A.  Ashmore,  of  Mitchell,  Iowa. 

L.  C.  Harrington — firm  of  L.  C.  Harrington  &  Son,  furniture 
and  wagon  making;  born  Nov.  3d,  1832,  in  Windom  county,  Vt.; 
located  in  Manitowoc  county,  Wis.,  in  1853;  in  1856  moved  to 
Blue  Earth  county,  Minn.;  came  to  Dell  Rapids  Sept.  21,  1880; 
his  son,  E.  F.  Harrington,  is  the  junior  partner  of  the  firm;  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  w^as  married  in  1855  to  Emma  A.  Watts,  of 
Maple  Grove,  Wis.,  and  has  six  children,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters,  as  follows:  D.  F.  aged  25  years,  J.  L.  23  years,  E.  F. 
21  years,  Gertie  M.  14  years,  Stella  M. 11  years,  Nellie  M.  9  years. 
The  firm  of  Harrington  &  Son  does  an  extensive  and  profitable 
business. 

James  H.  Hall,  Esq. — firm  of  Wright  &  Hall,  attorneys  at 
law  and  dealers  in  real  estate;  born  in  Montgomery  county,  town 
of  Ft.  Plain.  N.  Y.,  in  Sept.,  1840;  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  the 
spring  of  1881,  where  he  entered  into  partnership  in  the  practice 
of  law  with  E.  G.  Wright,  of  Sioux  Falls. 

R.  W.  Harper — restaurant;  born  in  Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1852;  moved  toMower  county,  Minn.,  in  1857;  thence  to  Mitch- 
ell county,  Iowa,  in  1871;  married  in  April,  1879,  to  Maria  Hirran, 
of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     Came  to  Dell  Jxapids  in  the  spring  of  1881. 

George  H.  Johnson — banker;  born  in  ('ataraugus  county,  N. 
Y.,  in  1842;  subsequently  removed  to  Rock  county,  near  Janes- 
ville.  Wis. ; afterwards  returned  to  Pennsylvania;  from  wlience  he 
removed  to  Lanesboro,  Minn.  Mr.  Johnson  came  to  Dell  Rapids 
in  Januarv,  1881,  where  he  has  already  built  u])  a  banking  business 
of  creditable  dimensions. 

C.  J.  Johnson— hardware,  stoves  and  implements;  born  in 
Christiana.  Norway,  in  1844;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1860, 
and  located  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.;  in  1866  moved  to  Rushford,  Minn., 
where  he  lived  fifteen  years;  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  June,  1880, 
where  he  opened  an  extensive  business;  married  in  1867  to  Margit 


DELL  KAPIDS    BIOGRAPHIES.  329 


Lien;  has  three  sons,  Christian  Samuel,  Frederick  and  Martin,  and 
two  daughters,  Inga  Eleida  and  Carolina  Margitta. 

R.  A.  Knight — jeweler;  a  native  of  Orleans  county,  N.  Y.; 
born  in  1855;  came  to  Monticello,  Wis.,  when  but  a  vear  old;  lived 
in  Tennessee  in  1860-61;  came  to  Sioux  Falls  in  Nov.,  1880,  whence 
he  moved  to  Dell  Rapids,  Jan.  3,  1881;  March  5,  1876,  was  mar- 
ried to  Imogene  Taft,  of  Monticello,  Wis.,  and  has  one  child,  a 
daughter  nearly  three  years  of  age.  Mrs.  Knight  died  of  con- 
sumption, Dec.  15,  1879. 

J.  S.  Lee — firm  of  J.  S.  &  J.  C.  Lee,  clothing,  boots  and  shoes, 
hats  and  caps;  born  in  Lower  Canada  in  1843;  moved  to  Columbia 
county,  Wis.,  about  twenty-five  years  ago;  removed  to  Spring  Val- 
ley, Minn.,  at  the  same  time  with  his  brother  J.  C.  Lee,  and  came 
to  Dell  Rapids  in  1880.  Mr.  Lee  has  held  several  offices  of  public 
trust  in  Minn.;  in  1863  was  married  to  Relief  Clark,  of  Columbia 
county,  Wis.,  and  has  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  Emma,  aged 
15  years;  Robert  E.,  10  years;  Grertie,  7  years;  Charles,  one  year. 

J.  C.  Lee — firm  of  J.  S.  &  J.  C  Lee,  clothing,  boots  and  shoes, 
hats  and  caps:  born  ia  Lower  Canada  in  1848;  removed  to  Colum- 
bia county.  Wis.,  in  1866,  where  he  remained  two  years,  going 
thence  to  Spring  Valley,  Minn.:  engaged  in  business  at  Spring 
Valley  the  greater  part  of  the  time  for  twelve  years;  came  to  Dell 
Rapids  in  1880  with  his  brother,  with  whom  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness as  above:  married  in  1872,  to  Phebe  Clark,  of  Columbia 
county,  Wis.;  has  two  sons,  Benny,  aged  7  years,  and  Harry,  aged 
one  year. 

L.  N.  Loomis — firm  of  Loomis  &  Nisbet,  harness  and  saddlery; 
born  in  1856  in  Olmstead  county,  Minn.;  moved  to  Lu Verne, 
Minn.,  in  1877,  from  which  place  he  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  March, 
1878;  the  firm  of  Loomis  &  Nisbet  is  young,  energetic  and  deserv- 
edly popular. 

M.  C.  Lyons — dray  and  express;  born  in  1841  in  New  York; 
moved  to  Corunna,  Mich.,  at  an  early  age;  thence  to  DeKalb  Co., 
111.,  where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he  moved  to  Butler  Co., 
Iowa;  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  1874;  married  in  1867  to  Emma  M. 
Funk,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  four  children,  Frederick,  George, 
Myrtie  and  Cora. 

Peter  Morse — the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one  of  the  original 
town  proprietors  of  Dell  Rapids;  born  in  Orleans  county,  Ver- 
mont, in  1835;  came  west  some  twenty-four  years  ago,  and  settled 
at  Osage,  Iowa:  from  Osage  he  went  to  Dubuque,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years,  after  which  he  returned  to  Osage;  came  to  the 
present  site  of  Dell  Rapids,  in  June,  1871;  returned  to  Iowa  and  in 
July  of  the  same  year  came  back  to  Dell  Rapids,  bringing  others 
with  him  for  the  purpose  of  locating,  and  was  the  first  ])erson  to 
pick  out  a  location  for  the  purpose  of  actual  settlement  at  Dell 
Rapids,  there  being  no  evidence  of  civilization  at  that  place  at  that 


330  DELL   RAPIDS    BIOGRAPHIES. 

time.  Devoting  his  energies  to  the  building  up  of  the  future  city, 
he  laid  out  a  goodly  portion  of  the  town;  engaged  at  various  times 
in  farming  and  mercantile  pursuits,  sending  the  first  peddler  wagon 
into  Dakota,  it  being  mainly  through  his  efforts  that  the  Morse 
Family  Medicines,  now  manufactured  by  Nois.  Cutler  &  Co.,  of  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  were  introduced  in  the  Northwest.  Married  in  1857 
to  Phebe  S.  Hinman,  at  Derby,  Vt.,  and  has  four  sons  and  one 
daughter  as  follows:  I^.  Wesson,  aged  22  years,  Harry  E.  21 
years,  Charlie  F.  18  years,  Isaac  N.  16  years.  Flora  11  years.  Mr. 
Morse  has  recently  made  large  additional  purchases  of  town  prop- 
erty, and  is  building  a  handsome  residence  on  an  eminence  at  the 
eastern  edge  of  town.  He  has  always  been  among  the  foremost 
in  the  advocacy  of  public  improvements,  and  has  led  a  busy  life, 
creditable  alike  to  himself  and  to  the  community. 

James  M.  Nisbet — firm  of  Loomis  &  Nisbet,  harness  and  sad- 
dlery; born  in  Wisconsin  in  1858,  and  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  1872; 
lived  for  some  time  in  Osage  county,  Iowa,  previous  to  coming 
here.  . 

J.  E.  Nutting-  dentist;  born  in  Danville,  Vt.,  in  1822;  moved 
to  Mass.  in  1844;  thence  to  Broome  county,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived 
about  25  years;  located  at  Dell  Rapids  in  April,  1880;  married  in 
1851  to  Floretta  P.  Pike;  has  si.K  children,  four  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

W.  B.  Parker,  M.  D.  -born  at  Connellsville,  Pa.,  May  16, 
1830;  came  to  Iowa  in  1852,  and  located  in  Fayette  county.  Dr. 
Parker  entered  the  army  at  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion  as  1st 
lieutenant  of  company  F,  Ninth  I.  V.  I.,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  about  one  year,  being  subsequently  transferred  to  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  serving  all  to- 
gether for  a  period  of  more  than  four  years;  the  war  over,  the  Dr. 
resumed  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Fayette  and  Winneshiek  coun- 
ties, Iowa,  and  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  July,  1873,  where  he  has 
since  remained  in  the  enjoyment  of  an  extensive  and  lucrative 
practice.  In  1865,  Dr.  Parker  was  married  to  Lois  Chapel,  of  New 
York:  four  children  being  the  issue  of  the  marriage,  two  sons  and 
two  daughters,  named  respectively  William  E.,  James  R.,  Emily 
Eugenie  and  Carrie  Maud. 

Benjamin  Putnam — farmer;  born  in  1845  in  Bradford  county. 
Pa.;  came  to  Minnehaha  county  in  the  spring  of  1876,  locating 
within  four  miles  of  Dell  Rapids;  at  present  rt-sides  in  T.  104,  R. 
51,  about  sixteen  miles  west  of  Dell  Rapids;  married  in  1867  to 
Delphine  Case,  of  Bradford  county,  Pa.;  has  one  son,  aged  11  years. 

E.  A.  Richardson  confectioner;  born  in  July,  1846,  at  Dela- 
ware, Indiana;  moved  to  Iowa,  (Hardin  county)  where  he  remained 
until  1867;  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  Jan.,  1878;  married  Dec.  6, 
1860,  to  Aner  Garrard,  of  Indiana;  has  four  children,  Ernest.  Zetta, 
Nellie  and  Cora. 


SCOTLAND    BTOGKAPHIES.  331 

Hon.  Albion  Thorne — law  and  real  estate;  born  in  Oxford 
county,  Maine,  in  1836;  came  to  Iowa  in  1868  and  lived  for  two 
years  at  Waterloo,  in  that  state;  moved  thence  to  Beloit,  Iowa; 
came  to  Dell  llapids  in  Auo^ust,  1871,  and  en^^aged  in  surveying 
and  locating  land;  married  Clara  M.  Bolster,  a  native  of  Maine; 
has  three  children,  Bina  M.,  Alice  C.  and  Mabel  M. ;  is  proprietor 
of  the  Merchants'  Hotel;  was  county  superintendent  of  schools 
from  1873  to  1875;  was  district  attorney  for  six  years,  and 
was  elected  a  member  to  the  territorial  legislature  in  1880.  Was 
at  one  time  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Dells  Rapids  Exponent, 
and  has  in  many  ways  been  actively  engaged  in  the'  development 
of  the  industries  of  the  community,  holding  many  minor  positions 
of  responsibility  and  trust.  Mr.  Thorne  is  a  public  spirited  and 
industrious  citizen,  and  as  such  is  deservedly  held  in  the  popular 
estimation. 

Gust.  A.  Uline — general  merchandise;  born  in  Sweden  in 
1849;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1867;  in  July,  1871,  located  at 
Jackson,  Minn.,  from  which  place  he  came  to  Dell  Rapids  in  the 
early  spring  of  1873;  married  to  Mina  Freborg  in  1877;  has  one 
child,  a  daughter  aged  one  year.  Mr.  Uline  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neer business  men  of  Dell  Rapids,  as  appears  elsewhere  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  town,  and  is  the  proprietor  of  an  extensive  and  prOvS- 
perous  business.  He  is  an  energetic,  enterprising  and  popular 
merchant,  and  is  at  present  president  of  the  city  council  and  treas- 
urer of  the  school  district. 

Geo.  Whitman — general  merchandise;  born  in  Hungary  in 
1831,  and  cam3  to  America  about  the  year  1850,  locating  first  in 
New  Jersey;  afterwards  lived  in  Georgia,  and  moved  to  Iowa  in 
1853;  moved  to  Faribault,  Minn.,  in  1857,  where  he  lived  three 
years,  moving  thence  to  Albert  Lea,  Minn;  from  Minnesota  he 
went  to  Colorado,  where  he  lived  eight  years,  returning  for  a  year's 
residence  in  the  former  state,  and  came  to  Deli  Rapids  in  October; 
1880;  the  business  is  owned  by  H.  L.  Whitman  and  conducted  by 
George  Whitman;  married  Harriet  Dunn,  June  22, 1862;  has  three 
sons,  Alfred,  Ralph  and  Normand. 


sco'ri.Ai\i>. 

Hiram  A.  Reeves — was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Ncav  York, 
in  1850;  came  west  in  1879,  and  stopped  at  Yankton,  Dakota;  the 
following  year  he  moved  to  Scotland,  Dakota;  in  1881  he  married 
Jennie  Girard,  of  Jefferson  county,  New  York.  They  have  one 
child. 

Gen.  C.  T.  Campbell — was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1823;  he 
served  in  the  United  States  army  during  the  war  with  Mexico. 
Also  served  in  the  late  rebellion;  General  Campbell  has  a  great 
many  battle  scars  that  he  will  carry  to  his  grave;  he  left  the  ser- 
vice in  1866  with  rank  of  brigadier    general;  that    same  vear  h  e 


332  SCOTLAND    BIOGRAPHIES. 

moved  to  Dakota  and  settled  15  miles  above  Fort  Randall,  on  the 
Missouri  River;  in  1871  he  moved  to  the  James  River  Valley  and 
settled  where  Scotland  now  stands.  He  married  Miss  South,  of 
Baltimore,  Md. 

J.  F.  Weber — was  born  in  Germany  Aug.  12th,  1857;  in 
May,  1872,  he  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Nebraska;  from  Ne- 
braska he  moved  to  Scotland,  Dakota.  He  married  Anna  Svey- 
covsky. 

Charles  May  wold — was  born  in  the  town  of  Schenectady,  New 
York;  in  1872  he  came  west  and  settled  in  Dakota  Territory;  in 
1878  he  married  Anna  Mettis,  of  Dakota. 

John  E.  Maxwell — was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  May  14th, 
1849;  in  1863  moved  to  Iowa;  in  1869  he  moved  to  Dakota  and 
settled  in  Hutchinson  county,  where  he  is  permanently  located. 

John  Stafford — retired  farmer;  came  to  Scotland  from  Canada 
in  1872;  formerly  owned  the  town  site  of  Scotland,  ninety  acres  of 
which  he  gave  to  the  railway  company;  Mr.  S.  was  appointed  post 
master  by  President  Grant  with  a  salary  of  $10  per  annum,  which 
office  he  continues  to  hold;  has  been  a  county  commissioner  for 
five  years;  Mr.  Staffi)rd  is  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Scotland, 
owning  fine  property  adjoining  the  town. 

Gottlieb  Mix — sample  room;  born  in  Germany;  came  to 
America  in  1876,  and  settled  in  Yankton;  came  to  Scotland  in 
1880,  in  which  year  he  was  married  to  Mary  Makrie. 

John  C.  Dimock;  depot  agent;  came  to  Prairie du  Chien,  Wis., 
from  Pennsylvania  in  I860;  was  employed  by  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P. 
R.  R.  Co.,  beginning  as  messenger  boy;  Mr.  D.  made  the  survey 
west  of  Algona,  Iowa,  through  to  the  present  terminus  of  the 
road. 

A.  J.  Cogan, — Sr.  proprietor  Springfield  Times;  a  native  of 
New  Jersey;  came  west  in  1869,  and  settled  in  Bon  Homme  coun- 
ty; published  tne  Dakota  Citizen  at  Bon  Homme  for  three  years, 
when  the  office  was  moved  to  Scotland  in  Feb.,  1880. 

W.  H.  Curtis  grain  dealer;  came  to  Scotland  from  Decorah, 
Iowa,  in  1879;  deals  in  all  kinds  of  grain,  princi))ally  in  flax,  of 
which  he  shipped,  during  the  past  year  15,000  bushels. 

Hugo  Spaunagel — manager  Lavender's  mercantile  house:  born 
in  Prussia  in  1857;  came  to  Dakota  in  1864;  moved  to  Nebraska; 
thence  to  Yankton,  where  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business; 
came  to  Scotland  in  1879. 

Zetus  Brown  -farming  machinery,  &c.;  came  to  Dakota  from 
Canada  in  1876,  and  settled  near  Scotland. 

Taylor  ().  iiogart — banker:  born  in  Jefferson  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1851;  was  graduated  from  Potsdam  (N.  Y.)  Normal  School  in 
1877;  for  two  years  after  this,  acted  as  principal  of  Gouverneur 
graded  school,  St.  Lawrence  count}^  N.  Y.;  he  also  studied  law  and 


SCOTLAND   BIOGRAPHIES.  333 


was  graduated  from  Albany  law  school  in  1880,  with  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Laws,  and  admitted  to  practice  law  in  the  courts  of 
his  native  state;  in  July,  1880,  he  came  to  Dakota  and  entered  into 
copartnership  with  F.  A.  Gale,  of  Canton,  D.  T.;  in  the  banking 
business  soon  after;  commenced  business  in  Scotland  May  5,  1881. 

Brink  &  Whaling — proprs.  Dexter  livery,  feed  and  sale  stables; 
although  old  settlers  in  Dakota,  are  yet  young  men,  and  keep  a 
first  class  establishment. 

J.  Brinkerhoff — prop,  of  the  stage  line;  came  from  Ills,  to 
Sioux  City  in  1865;  thence  to  Nebraska  City  as  master  of  the  Ne- 
braska City  transportation  company;  returned  to  Sioux  City  in 
1870,  as  chief  clerk  in  the  freight  department  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral railroad;  thence  to  Dubuque  as  agent  of  the  River  road;  came 
to  Yankton  in  1876,  and  purchased  the  Merchant's  hotel,  and  later 
became  proprietor  of  the  Dakota  central  stage  line;  came  to  Scot- 
land in  1881,  and  engaged  in  the  live  stock  and  livery  business;  is 
mayor  of  Scotland,  and  is  also  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Dakota 
Citizen;  is  the  owner  of  a  large  amount  of  town  property. 

Robert  DoUand — was  born  in  Fall  River,  Massachusetts, 
March  lltli,  1842;  he  entered  the  United  States  volunteer  service 
April  16th,  1861,  a?  a  private  and  served  through  the  rebellion; 
was  twice  wounded;  was  mustered  out  February  12th,  1866,  as 
commander  of  cavalry;  located  in  Galesburg,  Illinois,  May  19th, 
1866;  April  14th,  1879,  he  came  to  Douglas  county,  Dakota;  he 
married  Miss  Carrie  E.  Dunn,  September  29th,  1875. 

J.  Ch.  Wenzlaff — hardware  dealer  and  proprietor  Jauesville 
Flouring  Mill;  born  in  Russia  in  1827;  came  to  America  in  1874, 
and  settled  in  the  hardware  business  in  Yankton;  moved  his  stock 
to  Scotland  in  1880. 

GeorgiSfceiger — Pioneer  Sample  Room;  came  from  Germany- 
to  America  in  1874,  and  settled  in  Yankton;  came  to  Scotland  in 
1879  and  opened  the  first  billiard  hall  in  the  place;  married  in 
1877  to  Caroline  Oxner,  and  has  one  daughter — Katie. 

A.  J.  Faulk,  Jr. — was  born  in  Allegheney  City,  Pennsylvania, 
the  13th  of  June,  1858;  received  his  education  in  Kittanning,  Pa., 
and  in  Yankton,  Dakota;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Wheel- 
er and  Phil.  K-.  Faulk,  of  Yankton;  then  under  the  United  States 
District  Attorney  Hugh  J.  Campbell. and  E.  G.  Smith,  district  at- 
torney for  the  2d  judicial  district  of  Dakota.  Was  admitted  to 
the  bar  May  10th,  1880;  in  June,  1880,  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Scotland,  Dakota;  he  is  the  oldest  settler  in  Scotland 
with  the  exception  of  Gen.  Campbell;  he  is  now  notary  public 
and  counsel  on  the  board  of  insanity;  be  married  Miss  Mina  L. 
Fletcher,  of  Yankton. 

B.  F.  Wise — manager  Bassett,  Huntington  &  Co."s  grain 
house;  came  from  Nora  Springs,  Iowa,  to  Scotland;  the  fiim  ship- 
ped about  30,000  bushels  of  flax  during  the  past  season. 


J34  HURON    BIOGRAPIIIKS. 


Will  B.  Robinson — manager  OshkoshLnmber  Co.;  established 
the  business  at  Scotland  in  1879,  and  deals  in  all  kinds  of  builders' 
supplies;  conducts  the  only  first-class  hunber  yard  in  the  cit3^ 

Rev.  H.  P.  Carson — was  born  in  Illinois  in  1845.  Received 
his  education  at  Blackburn  University;  commenced  the  ministry  as 
the  work  of  his  life  in  1871;  he  is  of  the  Presbyterian  faith;  was 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Illinois  about  eight  years;  in  May,  1880,  he 
came  to  Dakota  and  located  at  Scotland.  Served  in  the  army  four 
months  under  (Colonel  Phillips,  of  Illinois;  he  married  Miss  Lizzie 
Holliday,  of  Illinois;  has  two  children — Rollin  G.  and  Elizabeth. 


John  Cain — postmaster  and  editor  Huron  Times;  born  in  Cana- 
da, May  25th,  1856;  located  in  New  York  in  1864;  came  to  Dakota 
in  1879;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Yankton  in  1880;  located  in 
Beadle  county,  near  the  town  site  of  Huron,  in  March,  1880. 

L.  Adler  &  Co. — general  merchandise;  Mr.  Adler,  the  resident 
partner,  came  to  Huron  from  Iowa,  Sept.  1st,  1881. 

Snedigar  &  Davis — hardware  and  farming  machinery.  Mr. 
Davis  is  a  former  resident  of  Elkader,  Iowa;  came  to  Huron  in 
1881  and  started  m  the  farming  machinery  business  in  May;  in 
June  added  a  general  hardware  establishment  to  his  business. 

Edwin  a.  Wheeler — came  w^est  from  New  York  in  1865,  and 
engaged  in  the  hotel  business;  settled  in  Huron  April  25th,  1880, 
and  built  the  first  store  on  the  first  of  May  of  that  year. 

I.  J.  NichoU — superintendent  Dakota  Central  Railroad;  born 
in  England  in  1846;  came  to  America  in  1852;  located  in  Chicago 
in  1857;  was  employed  as  a  civil  engineer,  and  constructed  nearly 
700  miles  of  railway  in  different  states  and  territories;  located  in 
Huron  in  June,  1880.  His  family  consists  of  a  wife  and  four 
children. 

Richardson  Bros,  furniture.  The  Messrs.  Richardson  were 
born  in  Australia;  moved  to  South  Africa  in  1858,  and  traveled 
extensively  through  England;  moved  to  Canada,  and  in  October, 
1880,  came  to  Huron,  where  they  opened  a  furniture  establish- 
ment in  November  of  the  same  year. 

T.  J.  Mouser  deputy  register  of  deeds;  law,  real  estate  and 
loan;  came  to  Huron  June  1st,  1880,  from  Moultrie  county,  Illi- 
nois. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Dickinson — physician  and  surgeon;  came  from  Ben- 
ton county,  low^a,  to  Huron  in  1881;  is  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  class  of  1867. 

Wm.  J.  Ennis-  born  in  New  York,  in  1848;  moved  to  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa,  in  1879,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  American 
Express  company;  came  to  Huron  June  28,  1880,  and  was  fortu- 
nate in  securing  a  fine  claim  adjoining  the  city,  the  town  site  of 


HURON    BIOGRAPHIES.  335 


which  was  platted  but  a  few  days  before  his  arrival.  Mr.  Ennis 
has  the  first  addition  to  Huron,  consisting  of  thirteen  acres  laid 
out  with  wide  streets  and  containing  some  of  the  finest  building 
lots  to  be  found  near  the  town,  one-half  mile  south  on  Dakota 
A-venue,  the  principal  street  of  the  city. 

M.  J.  Dinneen — propr.  Dakota  Hotel:  born  in  county  Cork, 
Ireland,  in  1833;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1836,  and  settled  in 
N.  y.;  moved  to  Minn.,  in  1866,  locating  in  Brown  county;  came 
to, Huron  in  May,  1880,  and  entered  business  as  above. 

W.  B.  Ingersoll — firm  of  Ingersoll  &  Elson,  law,  real  estate 
and  loan:  a  former  resident  of  Iowa;  admitted  to  the  practice  of 
the  law  in  Iowa  City,  where  he  practiced  the  profession  for  two 
years;  moved  to  Huron  in  April,  1880,  and  with  John  Cain  built 
the  first  house  and  published  the  Settler. 

C.  C.  Hills— banker;  formerly  resided  in  Chicago,  and  was 
brought  up  in  the  banking  and  mercantile  business:  came  to  Hu- 
ron in  Dec,  1880. 

G.  A.  McKinnis — one  of  the  pioneers  of  Huron;  came  from 
Ohio  to  Huron,  in  July,  1880,  and  opened  the  European  hotel  on 
Dakota  Avenue. 

J.  I.  McWhortor — feed  and  sale  stable;  came  to  Huron,  July 
4,  1880,  from  Vinton,  Benton  county,  Iowa,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  stock  business. 

Parker  Bros. — general  merchandise;  came  to  Huron  from 
Shellsburg,  Iowa,  in  Oct.,  1881,  and  occupy  a  fine  store  stocked 
with  dry  goods,  gent's  furnishings  and  clothing,  boots  and  shoes, 
&c.  They  carry  a  twenty  thousand  dollar  stock. 
-^  ~Ei.  C.  Walton,  clerk  of  district  court;  born  in.j^llinois;  moved 
to  Yankton  county  in  1872,  thence  to  Huron^April  20fch,  1880; 
enlisted  in  the  51th  Illinois  Infantry  and  served  four  years;  was 
elected  to  the  13th  legislature  by  the  Republicans  of  his  district, 

J.  A.  Baker — jeweler;  came  to  Huron  from  Elgin,  III.,  Dec. 
20th,  1880,  and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 

J.  W.  Shannon — editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  Huron 
Tribune;  born  in  Will  county,  111.,  February  19th,  1835;  edited  the 
Sterling,  III.,  Times,  and  in  1860  started  the  Northern  Iowa 
Observer,  and  a  few  years  later  started  the  West  Union  Gazette; 
subsequently  established  several  other  Iowa  newspapers;  came  to 
Huron  in  Oct.,  1880,  and  June  2d,  1881,  started  the  Huron  Tri- 
bune, the  firm  being  at  that  time  Shannon  &  Hopp:  the  present 
firm  is  Davis,  Shannon  &  Hopp. 

G.  W.  Sterling — law,  real  estate  and  loan;  a  native  of  Wis- 
consin; moved  to  Vinton,  Iowa,  in  1866,  and  to  Springfield  in 
1872;  came  to  Huron  in  1881,  where  he  opened  a  law,  real  estate 
and  loan  ofiice;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  March,  1872,  at  Vinton, 
Iowa. 


336  LEXNOX   BIOGRAPHIES. 

Andrew  F.  Anderson — general  merchandise;  a  native  of  Nor- 
wa}';  came  to  America  in  1855:  settled  in  Minnesota  in  1865  and 
located  at  Huron  in  1881. 

W.  T.  Love — firm  of  W.  T.  &  Geo.  J.  Love,  attorneys  at  law; 
came  to  Huron  from  Des  Moines,  L">wa.  in  Nov., 1880;  Mr.  W.  T. 
Love  is  at  present  attorney  for  the  Dakota  Division  of  the  C.  &  N. 
W.  R.  R. 

M.  F.  Wright — proprietor  Wright  House;  moved  to  Michigan 
from  New  York  in  1847:  thence  to  Illinois  in  1854;  enlisted  in 
the  17th  Michigan  Regiment,  Company  I,  in  1862,  and  was  dis- 
charged .Tune  14th,  1865,  engaging  in  the  mercantile  business  in 
(Chicago;  subsequently  went  into  the  real  estate  business  in  Kan- 
sas, and  in  1874  went  into  the  employ  of  the  Pullman  Car 
Company.  Opened  the  Riverside  House  at  Wabashaw  in  1878; 
moved  to  Huron  in  June,  1880,  and  built  the  Wright  House,  an 
excellent  and  first-class  hotel  in  all  its  appointments. 


i.e:^"\<>x. 


B.  Gillmore — confectioner:  established  business  1879;  was 
born  in  Seneca  county.  New  York,  1810;  came  west  in  1852,  and 
settled  in  Dane  county,  Wisconsin;  he  then  moved  to  Floyd 
county,  Iowa,  in  1862;  in  1874,  he  moved  to  Dakota;  he  married 
Jane  Hemenway,  of  Italy,  New  York;  he  has  four  children,  Elmer 
E.,  Mary,  Emmet  B.  and  Jane. 

M.  A.  Filion— proprietor  Lennox  sample  room;  established  bus- 
iness in  1880;  was  born  in  Clinton,  New  York,  in  1859;  came  west 
in  1871,  and  settled  in  Lincoln  county,  Dakota;  he  then  followed 
farming  six  years;  he  then  railroaded  two  years,  and  traveled 
throughout  the  Avest  one  year. 

D.  F.  Debelts — blacksmith  and  wagon  maker;  established  bus- 
iness 1879;  agent  for  farm  machinery  and  the  Briggs  &  Enoch, 
Rockford,  Illinois  plows;  was  born  in  Germany  in  1849;  came  to 
America  in  1868,  and  settled  in  Illinois;  then  moved  to  Iowa, 
where  he  lived  seven  years;  then  moved  to  Dakota:  he  married  H. 
P.  Yarkin,  of  Germany;  they  have  five  children,  Theresa,  Bernie, 
Reusste,  Diebold,  Rudolph. 

Frank  H.  Treat — general  merchant;  established  business  in 
1879;  also  proprietor  and  landlord  of  the  INIerchant's  house  in  this 
place;  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1843;  in  1845  he  came  west  with  his 
parents  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  he  moved  to  Dakota  in  1878, 
and  settled  at  Lennox;  he  married  Ellen  J.  Case,  of  Wisconsin; 
have  two  children,  Marcia  E.,  and  Clatide  M. 

George  L.  Conklin — editor  Lennox  AVeekly  Star;  was  born  in 
Green  Lake  county,  Wisconsin,  and  in  1859,  came  west  with  his 
y)arents  and  settled  in  Minnesota;  moved  to  Dakota  in  1874,  and  set- 
tled in  Lincoln  county;  he  edited  a  paper  in  AVatertown,  Dakota, 


LENNOX  BIOGRAPHIES.  337 


for  some  time,  and  has  now,  1881,  taken  the  editorship  of  the 
above  named  paper;  was  formerly  employed  on  the  Waupun,  (Wis. 
Times. 

Thomas  B.  Quigley — proprietor  Lennox  meat  market;  estab- 
lished business  in  August,  1879;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1843; 
came  to  America  in  1854,  and  settled  at  Rock  county,  Wisconsin; 
then  went  to  Baraboo,  Wisconsin;  in  March,  1878,  he  moved  to 
Dakota;  he  served  in  the  army  three  years,  under  Generals  Grant, 
Sherman,  McPherson,  and  others;  during  that  time  he  was  ser- 
geant and  color  bearer;  he  enlisted  in  the  33d  Wis.  volunteer  in- 
fantry; has  been  marshal  here  for  two  years;  married  Elizabeth 
Durnin,  of  Wisconsin;  have  hve  children,  Robert,  Thomas,  Daniel 
Lizzie  and  Celia. 

A.  Boynton — was  born  in  Campton,  Grafton  county,  New 
Hampshire,  in  184*3;  in  1855  he  came  west  and  settled  in  Mar- 
quette county,  Wisconsin;  from  Wisconsin  he  came  to  Dakota  in 
1872,  and  settled  in  Lincoln  county;  served  in  the  army  four  and 
one-half  years  under  Gens.  Scott,  McClellan,  Butler,  Banks,  Cus- 
ter and  others;  was  commissioned  ist  lieutenant  and  commanded 
the  company  the  last  years  of  the  war;  he  went  in  as  a  prii-ate;  he 
received  two  commissions,  but  didn't  accept  the  same;  he  was  a 
prisoner  of  war  at  Bell  Isle  six  months.  His  company  went  out  as 
infantry  but  they  were  changed  by  the  order  of  the  department  to 
the  "  4:t"h Wisconsin  Cavalry;"' he  married  Minnie  Shultz,  of  Wis- 
consin, formerly  of  Germany.  They  have  one  son  named  A. 
Albert. 

J.  F.  Ferguson — was  born  in  Hamden,  Maine,  in  1857;  in 
1876  he  came  west  and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  in  1879 
he  came  to  Dakota  and  settled  at  Lennox,  where  he  has  two  land 
claims;  has  served  as  constable  of  Lennox  township. 

P.  F.  Haas — was  born  in  1852;  Nov.  23d,  1880,  he  came  to 
Lennox,  where  he  located  permanently.  He  married  Miss  Mattie 
Kedden,  of  Parkersburgh,  Iowa,  in  1878;  they  have  one  daughter, 
Grace  C. 

Nanno  Smith — was  born  in  Germany  in  1850;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1872,  and  settled  inFreeport,  Illinois;  in  1873,  he  moved  to 
Iowa,  where  he  resided  until  1881,  when  he  moved  to  Dakota;  he 
married  Anne  Frerich;  have  three  children,  John,  Kate  and  Bern- 
hard. 

H.  C.  Conklin — Avas  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1852;  in  1859,  he 
came  west  and  settled  in  Minnesota;  in  1874,  he  moved  to  Dakota 
where  he  settled  permanently;  he  married  Ray  Miller,  of  Wiscon- 
sin; they  have  one  child  named  Nora  H. 

John  M.  Munsil— was  born  in  Utica,  Wisconsin,  in  1852;  in 
1878,  he  moved  to  Iowa;  in  1879,  he  came  to  Dakota,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  embarked  in  the  livery  business;  he  married  Emma  E. 
Loope,  of  Wisconsin;  they  have  one  child  named  13urdette. 


338  PORTLANDVILLE  BIOGRAPHIES. 

Louis  Butzer — was  born  in  Germany  in  1850;  in  1871,  he 
came  to  America  and  settled  in  Illinois;  in  the  spring  of  1881,  he 
went  to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  the  same  fall  he  moved  to  Da- 
kota and  settled  in  Lennox;  he  married  Lena  Scyfer;  have  one  child 
named  Clara. 

0.  P.  Ashley — was  born  in  Ohio  in  1838;  came  west  in  1855, 
and  settled  at  Avoca,  AVisconsin;  in  1856,  he  was  hauling  ties  and 
met  with  an  accident  by  which  he  lost  his  leg;  he  then  followed 
school  teaching  about  twenty  years;  in  March.  1880,  he  came  to 
Dakota  and  settled  in  Lennox;  he  was  clerk  of  the  court  one  term, 
and  register  of  deeds  for  the  same  length  of  time  in  Wisconsin;  he 
also  served  as  police  justice;  married  Martha  S.  Vail,  of  Wisconsin; 
have  three  children,  Eloise,  Bessie  and  Florence. 


I»<HSXI.A.>I>V1I.I.E. 

A.  P.  Douglas — Avas  born  in  New  York  state  in  1842;  came 
west  in  1874  and  settled  in  Worthington,  Minnesota;  then  moved 
Portland ville;  served  in  the  army  one  year  under  Gen.  Sherman; 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Nashville.  He  married  S.  E.  Lam- 
bert, of  Minnesota;  they  have  three  children — Clara,  Alice,  Har- 
vey and  an  infant, 

V.  G.  Farnham — born  in  New  York  in  1844;  came  to  Illinois 
in  1849,  and  to  Portlandville,  Iowa,  April  1881,  and  established  his 
present  business. 

W.  T,  McGinnis — was  born  in  Caledonia,  Minnesota,in  1857; 
then  moved  to  Hastings,  Nebraska,  where  he  was  salesman  in  a 
dry  goods  and  clothing  store.  In  1881  he  came  to  Portlandville, 
Iowa,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  above  firm. 

A.  L.  McGinnis — was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1854;  then  moved 
to  Minnesota;  in  1876  he  moved  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  fruit  and  confectionery  business;  from  Sioux  City 
he  moved  to  Portlandville,  Iowa.  He  married  A.  M.  Anderson,  of 
Minnesota.     Have  two  children — Fern  E,  and  Arthur  L. 

C.  E.  Robison — born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  resided  a  number  of 
years  in  Lawrence,  Mass.  Came  to  Portlandville  Se])t  1st,  1874, 
held  office  of  post  master  nearly  seven  years,  engaged  in  land  and 
collection  business  in  1879,  married  Mary  Anna  Wood,  of  New 
Hampshire.  They  have  three  children,  Edward,  Martha  F.  and 
Elizabeth  N. 

C.  Newman — born  in  Pennsylvania  Nov.  18th,  1827.  Came 
to  Portlandville  in  1874,  married  Phoebe  Lyons  Jan.  20th,  1852. 
They  have  four  children — Mary  E.,  Orland  J.  Emma  L.  and 
Edith. 

Miss  Anna  Hampton — post  mistress,  born  in   Waterloo,    Iowa, 
Oct.,  1857.     Was  employed  in  teaching  six  years,  first   in   Sioux 


PORTLANDVILLE  BIOGRAPHIES.  339 

county,  Iowa,  then  in  Dakota,  and  six  terms  in  Portlandville  dis- 
trict.    Was  appointed  postmaster  in  Jul}^  1881. 

S.  B.  Gilliland — mail  agent,  born  in  Ohio,  came  to  Iowa  in  the 
spring  of  1867,  settled  on  a  homestead  in  Plymouth  county,  where 
he  resided  nine  years,  was  elected  to  the  legislature  i^i  the  fall  of 
1873,  representing  the  counties  of  Woodbury,  Plymouth,  Stone 
and  Lyon,  was  re-elected  m  fall  of  1875.  Removed  to  Portland- 
ville in  1877,  taking  charge  of  the  public  schools.  Was  appointed 
mail  agent  Juue  1879,  on  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Married  Isabella  J. 
Sheets  Oct.  1868,  they  have  four  children — Frankie,  Gracie,  Ad- 
lyth  and  Samuel  Kirkwood. 

Bradner  Ferguson — was  born  in  Wyoming  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Feb.  20th.  1811;  catne  west  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  lived 
some  time,  then  moved  to  Iowa — the  North  East  county;  thence 
to  Wisconsin,  thence  back  to  Missouri,  where  he  remained  eight 
years;  then  went  back  to  Pennsylvania;  again  removed  to  Iowa, 
and  finally  settled  permanently,  in  April,  1880,  in  Portlandville; 
he  served  two  years  in  the  army;  married  Sarah  L.  Norris,  of 
Pennsylvania;  they  have  one  child,  named  Luther  D. 

G.  T.  Johnson — was  born  in  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1858;  went 
to  St.  Louis,  and  from  there  to  Alton;  he  then  spent  two  years  in 
traveling  and  settled  in  Portlandville,  Iowa,  in  March  1881. 

Henry  J.  Muhs — was  born  in  Germany,  in  1851;  came  to 
America  in  1851,  and  settled  in  Illinois;  from  there  he  removed  to 
Minnesota  in  1856;  then  moved  to  Elk  Point,  Dakota;  in  March, 
1881,  he  came  to  Portlandville,  where  he  settled  permanently. — 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity;  married  Minnie  A. 
Northup,  of  Elk  Point,  D.  T.     Have  buried  one  child. 

Peter  Muir — born  in  Montreal,  Canada;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1878,  and  settled  at  Portlandville,  Iowa;  he  married 
Hattie  La  Bar,  of  Canada.  They  have  eight  children — John, 
William,  James,  Peter,  Mattie,  Anna,  Eliza. 

J.  A.  Larkin — was  born  in  Dubuque  county,  Iowa,  in  1853; 
came  west  in  1876  and  settled  in  Plymouth  county,  Iowa;  was 
mail  carrier  between  L^Mars  and  this  place  for  one  year;  married 
Margaret  McGrath,  Dubuque  county,  Iowa. 

J.  W.  Strong — was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1832;  came 
west  to  Indiana  in  1861;  thence  to  Iowa  in  1865;  thence  to  Dako- 
ta in  1879,  and  at  Wessiugton  Hills  married  Elizal)eth  Yanney,  of 
Ohio;  have  seven  children — Samuel,  Truman,  Sarah,  Miranda, 
Elizabeth,  Eva  M.  and  David  C. 

R.  H.  Miller — born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1836;  in 
1861  came  west  and  pre-pmpted  a  homestead  in  the  Sioux  Valley, 
twenty  miles  north  of  Elk  Point;  he  was  one  of  the  early  settlers, 
and  broke  the  first  land  ever  broken  in  Lincoln  county,  and  has 
been  a  resident  ever  since. 


340  CANTON    lUOGRAPHIES. 


\Vm.  R.  Kitld — born  in  Canada  in  1840;  came  to  the  U,  S.  in 
1867;  married  in  Plymouth  county,  Iowa,  to  Anna  E.  Hows,  on 
Feb  12th,  1881. 

Henry  Waterbury — was  born  in  Westchester  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1828;  came  west  in  1867  and  settled  in  Union  county,  Dakota; 
served  in  the  army  three  years  under  Capt.  Kellogg,  in  the  "  17th 
Connecticut  volunteers;''  he  is  now  (1881)  member  of  the  school 
board  in  Portlandville  Iowa;  he  married  Jane  Brower,  of  Fairfield 
county,  Connecticut;  they  have  eight  boys — George,  Alexander, 
Henry  L.,  Charles  E.,  Alfred,  Fred,  Frank  and  Robert. 

Lyman  J.  Gilbert — born  in  Union,  McHenry  county.  111.,  in 
1859;  came  to  LeMars  in  Nov.,  1880,  and  to  Portlandville,  Iowa, 
March  1st,  1881. 


Mrs.  Maggie  Bailey — was  born  in  Burlington,  Vermont,  in 
1851;  came  to  Dakota  in  1874;  in  1876  she  -was  married  to  Hon. 
Mark  \V.  Bailey,  of  Laporte,  Indiana,  who  came  west  and  settled 
in  Wisconsin,  where  he  held  different  positions  of  trust.  In  1872 
he  came  to  Dakota,  and  studied  law  with  Judge  Smith,  of  Vermil- 
lion; in  1873  he  moved  to  Canton;  he  represented  his  district  in 
the  Territorial  legislature  one  term.  While  in  the  Black  Hills  he 
contracted  a  disease  which  was  the  cause  of  his  demise.  He  will 
ever  live  in  the  hearts  of  his  people.  February  7th,  1879.  Mrs. 
Bailey  was  appointed  postmistress  at  Canton. 

A.  P.  Dixon — sheriff  of  Lincoln  county,  D.  T.;  born  in  South 
America,  May,  1833;  came  to  Dakota  in  1874;  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  the  same  year,  and  in  1875  he  was  elected  sheriff,  which  office 
he  has  held  ever  since.  He  married  Hannah  E.  Ingham,  Kanka- 
kee City,  111.;  they  have  five  children,  Emma,  Elizabeth,  Robert 
Andrew  P.  and  Cyrus  B. 

J.  Q.  Fitzgerald — born  in  Ohio  in  1829;  came  to  Wisconsin 
in  1845;  from  Wisconsin  he  moved  to  Oregon;  then  moved  back 
to  Wisconsin;  thence  to  Minnesota,  and  from  there  to  Dakota; 
was  a  member  of  the  county  board,  and  town  clerk  in  Minnesota 
eight  years  in  succession;  he  married  Maggie  S.  Martin,  of  Ohio; 
have  two  children,  Emma  J.,  and  Elva  A.;  have  buried  two  chil- 
dren, Nancy  V.,  who  died  in  1856,  and  Fred  A.,  died  August  25th, 
1873. 

Gen.  J.  B.  Pattee— born  in  Vermont  Sept.  29th,  1836;  enlisted 
in  U.  S.  A.  in  1S61,  as  1st  Lieut.  10th  Penn.  Vol.  Inft.;  served 
during  the  war  and  rose  to  Brigadier-General  by  Brevet;  came  to 
this  Territory  1871. 

J.  Horn— born  in  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  in  1851;  came  west  and 
settled  in  Dakota  in  1871;  he  is  at  present  (1881)  city  alderman  of 


CANTON    ETOGEAPHIES.  341 


Cunton,  D.  T.;  has  been  married  t'vice;  his  first  wife  was  Mary  L. 
Sims,  who  died  in  1877;  he  then  married  Lizzie  Babbe,  of  Monti- 
cello,  lovfa;  they  have  two  children,  Clara  and  Guy. 

D.  H.  Hawn — born  in  Jelferson  county.  New  York,  in  1844; 
he  came  west  and  settled  in  Wisconsin.  In  1869,  he  moved  to 
Dakota,  and  is  now  the  partner  of  J.  Horn  in  the  wagon  and  car- 
riage shop;  he  served  in  the  army  four  years  under  Captain  A.  B. 
Wheelock;  he  was  chairman  of  the  first  town  board  elected  in  the 
town  of  Dayton,  D.  T.;  has  also  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  the 
past  two  years.  He  married  Addie  E.  York,  of  Wisconsin;  they 
have  three  boys,  Fred  R.,  and  Frank  J.,  (twins)  and  Arthur  B. 
Mr.  H.  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Lincoln  county. 

Filing  Opsal — Register  of  Deeds;  born  in  Norway,  in  1850; 
came  to  America  in  1853,  and  located  with  his  parents  in  Dane 
county,  Wisconsin;  removed  to  this  county  in  1872. 

T.  W.  Hood — born  in  Penn.,  in  1853;  came  to  Dakota  in 
1875,  and  located  in  Canton,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  trade. 

G.  Skarloedt — born  in  Norway,  in  1852;  came  to  America  in 
infancy,  and  with  his  parents  located  in  Winneshiek  county,  Iowa; 
in  the  winter  of  1880  he  removed  to  Canton. 

M.  M.  Clark — born  in  Prince  Edward's  Island  in  1849;  in 
1859  he  came  to  the  United  States  and  located  in  Grant  county. 
Wis.;  in  1863  he  went  to  Hampton,  Iowa;  he  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago;  in  1875  he  located  at  Beloit,  one 
and  one-half  miles  from  this  place,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine;  in  1879  he  came  to  Canton,  where  he  still  resides.  He 
married  C.  K.  Reynolds,  a  native  of  Beloit,  Wis.;  they  have  two 
daughters. 

E.  M.  Miles — born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1853;  came  west  in 
1866  and  settled  in  Broadhead,  Wis.;  in  1880  he  came  to  Canton 
and  engaged  in  the  jewelry  and  music  business.  He  married 
Gussie  Stewart. 

Hon.  W.  M.  Ciippett — born  in  Bedford  county,  Penn.,  in 
1843;  came  west  in  1850  and_  settled  with  his  parents  in  Clayton 
county,  Iowa;  in  1862  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  army  and 
was  honorably  discharged  at  Davenport,  Iowa;  in  1868  he  ca'me  to 
Canton;  in  1871  he  was  elected  Register  of  Deeds;  he  has  held 
public  positions  every  year  since;  isat  present  Clerk  of  the  Dis- 
trict Court.  He  married  N.  E.  Martin,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  they 
have  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

M.  E.  Rudolph— born  in  Chicago,  III.,  ^Sept.  11,  1853;  re- 
moved to  Manchester,  Iowa,  in  1854;  in  1869  entered  the  Union 
office  at  Manchester  where  heremained  three  years  learning  the 
printing  business;  in  1874  published  the  Cherokee  Leader;  gradu- 
ated from  the  Iowa  State  Agiicultural  College  1875;  taught  until 
1880,  when  he  entered  the  law  department  of  the  Iowa  University 


342  SPRINGFIELD  BIOGRAPHIES. 

. ' 

where  he  graduated  witli  the  highest  honors  in  1881,  being  selected 
Valedictorian  out  of  the  chis.s  of  1881;  located  at  Canton  in  the 
fall  of  1881. 

Oley  Thompson — born  in  Norway,  Oct.  11, 1842;  came  to  Can- 
ton from  Madison,  Wis.;  engaged  in  business  in  1875;  married 
Mary   P.   Fusson;  they  have  one    child,   Clara  Matilda. 

Herman  Woerz — born  in  Germany  in  1842;  came  from  Sioux 
City  to  Beloit;  from  thence  to  Canton  in  the  spring  of  1879;  mar- 
ried Catherine  Nonnemaker,  of  McGregor,  la.;  they  have  two 
children,  Herman  and  Louisa. 

G.  W.  Harlan — born  in  Rock  Island,  111.;  came  west  from  Clin- 
ton, la.,  in  1867;  settled  in  Canton  in  1870;  been  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  four  years;  married  Mary  Kilrain,  of  Maquoketa, 
la.;  they  have  three  children,  Emma,  George  and  Nora. 

A.  R.  Brown — was  born  in  New  Lexington,  Ohio,  Jan.  29, 
1849;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1859;  from  theiice  to  Harrison 
county,  Mo.,  in  1865;  in  1871  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
Shanon  &  Brown,  Bowling  Green,  Ohio;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1873;  began  practicing  in  Missouri;  in  1876  he  was  chosen 
cashier  of  the  Exchange  Bank,  which  he  resigned  and  came  to 
Canton  in  1880,  where  he  established  the  Lincoln  County  Bank. 

Adam  Hoffman — born  in  Germany;  came  to  America  when 
20  years  of  age;  he  married  Amelia  Amsler  in  Ma}^,  1871;  they 
have  two  children,  Amelia  and  Edith. 

Kennedy  Bros. — This  firm  is  composed  of  C.  B.  'Kennedy 
and  B.  Kennedy;  they  were  born  in  England  in  1849  and 
1851;  came  to  America  in  1854,  and  settled  with  their  par- 
ents in  Delaware  county,  la.;  they  attended  school  at  Lenox 
College,  Hopkinton,  also  at  the  Iowa  State  University  at  Iowa 
City,  from  which  they  both  graduated  in  the  law. 

A.  G.  Vroman — born  in  Copenhagen,  Lewis  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1836;  came  to  Canton  from  Dodge  county,  Minn.,  in  1879;  he 
married  Caroline  Pratt,  of  Dane  county.  Wis.,  in  1858;  they  have 
two  children,  Walter  and  Ina. 


H.  A.  James  -general  hardware;  born  m  Concord,  N.  IL; 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1855  and  engaged  in  farming;  thence  moved 
to  Iowa;  and  was  for  several  years  in  the  employ  of  the  Union  Pa- 
cific R.  R.  Co.;  thence  to  Yankton  where  he  engaged  in  contract- 
ing and  building;  moved  to  Springfield  in  1874,  and  engaged  in 
the  lumber  trade;  entered  the  hardware  business  in  the  fall  of 
1878.  Mrs.  James  has  also  the  only  millinery  and  dressmaking 
establishment  in  the  city. 

John  Fry — proprietor  stove  and  tin  store;  born  in  Connecticut; 
came  to  Springfield  in  1872  and  engaged  in  business  in  1873.    Mr. 


I 


SPBINGFIELD   BIOSKAPHIES.  343 

Fry  served  his  country  four  years  in  the  5th  Conn.  Regiment;  was 
wounded  in  North  Carolina  just  previous  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

John  A.  Lee — came  to  Springfield,  in  company  with  his  son 
George,  in  1869,  and  each  took  a  claim  near  where  the  town  is  now 
located,  and  sold  to  the  Town  Site  Company,  240  acres  where  the 
town  now  stands.  George  Lee  stiil  resides  at  Springfield  and  is 
engaged  in  farming. 

J.  H.  Stephens — dealer  in  furniture,  harness  and  saddlery; 
came  to  Springfield  in  December,  1873;  was  in  the  harness  busi- 
ness at  Yankton  previous  to  coming  to  Springfield;  carries  the 
only  stock  of  the  kind  in  the  city. 

Robert  P.  Cowglll — meat  market  and  provision  store;  came  to 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  from  Delavan,  Wis.,  in  1875;  moved  to  Spring- 
field in  1878,  and  engaged  in  his  present  business  in  1881. 

Georg3  Hefner — hardware;  barn  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  in 
1856;  came  west  to  Iowa,  and  in  1870  settled  in  Yankton,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  machinery  business;  thence  to  Springfield  in 
1878,  where  he  engaged  in  business  as  above. 

Dr.  Charles  Curlin — proprietor  city  drug  store;  came  to 
Springfield  in  1879;  is  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  at  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

A.  F.  MeAuley — proprietor  Pioneer  Billiard  Hall;  came  to 
Glencoe,  Minn.,  in  1866;  went  to  Ft.  Stephenson  in  the  employ 
of  A.  H.  Wilder,  of  St.  Paul,  and  remained  there  several  years. — 
came  to  Springfield  in  1871,  and  engaged  in  general  merchandis- 
ing; was  postmaster  under  Hayes  and  Garfield,  and  resigned  in 
1881. 

L.  Schwerdlmann — born  in  Germany;  came  to  the  U.  S.  in 
1867,  and  located  in  Baltimore,  Md.;  came  to  Spring-field  in  1880, 
and  purchased  the  established  business  of  F.  G.  Braun.  Mr.  S. 
has  a  store  in  Tyndall,  Dak.,  managed  by  R.  L.  Wilson. 

John  Todd — editor  of  Springfield  Times,  son  of  Gen.  J.  B.  S. 
Todd;  came  with  Gen.  Harney's  expedition  to  Dakota  in  1857; 
assumed  control  of  the  Times  in  1881. 

Bonesteel  &  Turner — general  merchandise;  business  establish- 
ed by  J.  L.  Turner  in  1870,  Mr.  Bonesteel  becoming  a  partner  in 
1871;they  carry  a  stock  in  general  merchandise  of  about  $20,000,  the 
firm  also  have  two  stores — one  general  merchandise,  the  other 
hardware,  in  Niobrara,  Nebraska,  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Donesteel. 

E.  W.  Monfore — groceries  and  provisions;  born  in  New  York 
in  1854;  moved  to  Illinois  in  1865;  came  to  Springfield  in  1872; 
engaged  in  his  present  business  in  April,  1881. 

J.  C.  Klemme — firm  of  Sterling  &  Klemme,  attorneys  at 
law;  was  brought  up  in  the  dry  goods  business;  came   to  Spring_ 


344  EDEN.BIOGRAPHIKS. 


field  in  1879,  and  engaged  in  the  loan,  general  insurance  and  col- 
lecting business;  is  also  city  marshal. 

J.  C.  Russell — billiard  parlor  and  sample  room;  born  in  New 
York  in  1841;  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856  and  settled  at  Water- 
ford,  Dakota  county;  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  1st  Minnesota  Volunteers, 
in  1861;  was  wounded  and  ca})tured  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
and  kept  a  prisoner  a  year  at  Libbcy,  Chattanooga  and  Saulsbury; 
was  discharged  in  Feb.,  1863,  and  re-enlistcd  in  the  1st  New  York 
Veteran  Cavalry,  and  was  discharged  at  the  end  of  the  war;  trav- 
eled extensively  for  four  years  in  the  West;  settled  at  Springfield 
in  1869. 

James  H.  Baskin — proprietor  Baskin  House,  Springfield,  D. 
T.;  Avas  born  in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  in  1845;  in  June,  1865  he  came 
to  Dakota,  where  he  settled  permanently;  in  1875  he  married  Miss 
S.  E.  Culver,  of  this  place. 

M.  Grifiin — was  born  in  Ireland  in  1822;  immigrated  to  Amer- 
ica and  is  now  (1881)  postmaster  of  Springfield,  Dakota;  he  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  this  town. 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  Love — proprietress  of  the  Springfield  Hotel, 
Springfield,  D.  T.,  was  born  in  Burns,  Livingstone  county,  New 
York,  in  1835;  in  1868  came  west  and  settled  in  Illinois;  in  1870 
she  came  to  Dakota  and  settled  in  Springfield  in  September  of  that 
year;  has  been  twice  married;  has  two  children — Emma  A.  and 
Alonzo  W.  Barron. 

Rev.  Charles  Seccombe — was  born  in  Salem ,  Massachusetts,iu 
1817;  was  educated  at  Dartmouth  College  and  Union  Theological 
School,  New  York;  he  graduated  in  1850  and  entered  the  ministry 
at  that  time;  his  first  pastoral  charge  was  at  Anthony  Falls,  Min- 
nesota, in  1850;  has  been  in  the  ministry  work  throughout  his  life; 
has  been  twice  married;  his  first  wnfe  Avas  Anna  M.  Peabody,  of 
New  Hampshire;  he  then  married  Harriet  M.  Tohnan,  of  Massa- 
chusetts; they  have  five  children — Samuel  H.,  Harriet  M.,  Emma 
R.,  Mary  F.  and  Charles  H. 


i:i>i':rv. 

S.  B.  Culbertson,  P.  M. — born  in  Danville,  Livingston  ecounty, 
N.  Y.,  in  1830;  came  west  in  1856  to  Decorah,  la.;  moved  from 
there  to  Sioux  Falls  in  1872,  and  in  1874  came  to  Eden  and 
established  business;  has  been  postmaster  for  six  years. 

L.  T.  Farley— born  in  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1836;  came 
from  Wisconsin  here  in  1868;  he  married  Cora  A.  Warner;  they 
have  seven  children,  Roselle,  Lillian,  Corlie,  Mabel,  Florence, 
Luman  and  Wilford. 

G.  W.  Mather — born  in  Bremer  county,  la.,  in  1858;  came  to 
this  county  in  1870;  he  married  Ida  Willmarth. 


CALLIOPE   BIOGRAPHIES.  345 


S.  P.  Mackey — born  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  in  1852;  been  in  this 
Territory  since  1877,  and  came  to  Eden  in  1881;  he  married  Carle 
Batchel,  of    Lincoln  county,  D.  T.;  she  died  30th  of- July,  1881. 

Myron  Odell — born  in  Troy,  N,  Y.,  in  1851;  came  here  from 
Fonduiac,  Wis.,  June  19,  1874;  he  married  RosaC.  Farley,  March 
24,  1880;  they  have  one  child,  Roy. 

Frank  Odell — born  in  Fondulac.  Wis.,  in  1857;  came  here 
in  1874. 

James  Parkin — P.  M.,  Eden;  farmer;  born  in  England  in 
1839;  came  to  America  in  November,  1867;  he  married  Amanda 
Allen,  who  was  a  native  of  Chautauqua  count}^  N.  Y.,  in  1860;  they 
have  three  children,  OUies,  Stella  and  Roy. 

L.  Pritzkan — born  in  Russia  June  26,  1855;  came  to  Amer- 
ica December  1,  1876;  came  to  D.  T.  April,  1874;  he  married 
Elizabeth  Grad. 

A.  Snyder— born  in  Niagara  county,  N.  Y.,  June,  1837;  came 
to  this  place  November,  1878;  he  married  Hattie  Allen,  who  was 
born  in  Allegheny  county,  N.  Y.;  they  were  married  at  Shell  Rock, 
la.,  in  February,  1871. 


Samuel  S.  Conrad — born  in  Indiana  in  1845;  came  to  D.  T.  in 
1873;  he  married  Mary  Coopen,  of  Union,  D.  T.;  they  have  three 
children,  Daniel  A.,  John  C.  and  Nellie  Jane. 

M.  Leggett — born  in  Ohio  in  1832:  came  here  in  1872;  he 
married  Julia  Eddelblut  at  Rockshury,  Ohio,  in  1857;  they  have 
seven  children,  Alta,  Mary,  Wm.,  Katie,  Harry,  Dott  and  Eddie. 

James  Kennedy — born  in  Ireland;  came  here  from  Rutland, 
Vt.,  in  1867;  he  married  Katie  Leonard,  a  native  of  Vermont;  they 
have  seven  children,  Thomas,  Mary,  Susie,  Winnie,  John,  James 
and  Kate. 

A.  W.  Heald — born  in  Washington  county,  Ohio,  in  1850; 
came  from  there  here  in  the  spring  of  1870;  he  married  Ann  Rosa 
Winters  at  Calliope;  they  liave  six  children,  Guy,  Edwin,  Walter, 
Levi,  Alice  E.  and  Arthur  G. 

Elisha  Hodgin — was  bom  in  Ohio  in  1839;  came  west  in 
1856,  and  settled  in  Linn  county,  Iowa;  then  removed  to  Clay 
county,  Dakota;  thence  to  Calliope,  Iowa;  served  in  the  army 
three  years  under  Grant  and  Sheridan;  he  married  Elizabeth  Ver- 
non, of  Iowa;  they  have  three  children,  HarrvM.,  George  L.  and 
W.  E. 

A.  Tibbies — was  born  in  Washington  county,  Ohio,  in  1859; 
came  to  Iowa  in  1869;  then  he  moved  back  to  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years;  March  25,  1881,  he  came  to  Calliope,  Iowa, 
where  he  settled  permanently. 


346  WATEKTOWN'    BIOGRAPHIES. 

Wilson  Miller — was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1853;  came  to  Wisconsin  with  his  parents  in  August,  1856; 
in  February,  1879,  he  came  to  Calliope,  la.,  where  he  settled  per- 
manently; he  also  deals  in  live  stock;  at  the  present  time  (1881)  he 
has  eightj^-five  head  grazing  on  the  prairies  of  Western  Iowa. 

Wm.  Reese  —was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1817:  came  west  to 
Carver  county,  Minnesota,  in  1856;  then  moved  to  Calliope,  la., 
in  1874;  he  served  as  Town  Treasurer  and  School  Director 
in  Minnesota  for  several  years;  he  married  Elizabeth  Mathews; 
his  second  marriage  was  with  Matilda  Cleaster,  of  Minnesota. 

H.  H.  Rudd — born  in  Onondaigua  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1833;  came 
here  from  Joliet,  Will  county.  III.;  married  Nancy  Shoemaker,  of 
Illinois,  in  1860;  they  have  iive  children,  Minnie  R.,  Ettie,  Hattie. 
Maud  B.  and  Bell  A. 

L.  H.  Bailey — born  in  Black  Hawk  Co.,  la.,  in  1855;  came  to 
Calliope  May,  1881;  married  Lydia  A.  Blackford  in  1875;  they  have 
two  children,  Lewis  H.  and  Mandie  R. 

David  Stephen — born  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland;  came  to  D.  T. 
in  1872;  came  to  Calliope  in  the  spring  of  1880;  he  married  Mar- 
garet Gibson  in  1868;  they  have  six  children,  Lillie,  Mary,  David, 
Maggie,  Nettie  and  Cora.  Mr.  S.  has  also  a  store  at  Sunny  Side, 
D.  T.,  eighteen  miles  west,  and  resides  there. 

D.  0.  Stone — editor  of  the  Sioux  County  Independent,  Calli- 
ope, la.;  born  in  Ohio  in  1864;  has  lived  in  Calliope  13  years; 
proprietor  of  the  Independent,  and  the  youngest  editor  in  the 
state  of  Iowa. 

Harrison  Way — born  in  1839;  came  here  in  1880  from  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y. 


^v  A  iKBc  row  .^ . 


J.  B.  Alexander,  firm  of  Alexander  Bros., — born  in  Cass 
county,  Mich.,  in  1845;  moved  to  Red  W^ing,  Minn.,  in  1866;  came 
to  Watertown  in  the  spring  of  1879;  elevator  erected  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1879;  married  to  Melissa  Odell,  of  Vandalia,  Mich.,  and 
lias  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

M.  D.  Alexander,  firm  of  Alexander  Bros.,  grain  elevator — 
born  in  Cass  county,  Mich.,  in  1853;  thence  to  Red  Wing,  Minn.; 
thence  to  Watertown;  married  to  Mary  Odell,  of  Vandalia,  Mich., 
and  has  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

G.  E.  Bartlett,  blacksmith-  born  in  N.  Y.  in  1838;  moved  to 
Wis.  in  1849;  came  to  Watertown  in  April,  1879,  and  engaged  in 
business  as  above;  married  to  Frank  E.  Tri])]i.  of  Hiugham,  AVis.. 
and  has  four  sons. 

AV.  L.  Beals,  firm  of  Ulrick  &  Beals,  I'roprs.  Central  House — 
born  in  Mass.  in  1845;  came  to  Watertown  in  March,  1879;  mar- 


^;^j^/h^-^M^^ 


WATEKTOWN   BIOGKAPHIES.  347 

ried  to  S.  A.  Farrin^-ton,  of   Me.      The  Central  House  was  erected 
in  the  spring  of  1879. 

J.  Bennett — physician  and  surgeon;  firm  of  Bennett  h 
Briggs;  born  in  York  county,  Pa.,  in  1814;  moved  with  parents  to 
Oxford,  0.;  thence  to  Illinois  in  1845:  thence  to  Sparta,  Wis.,  in 
1856;  came  to  Watertown  in  May,  1879;  married  to  Julia  Shelley, 
deceased,  of  Connecticut, and  has  one  son  and  two  danghters;his  pres- 
ent wife  was  Mrs.  Emma  Mahnus,  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.;  he  has  re- 
cently platted  the  north  addition  to  Aberdeen,  D.  T.,  from  land 
owned  by  him  adjoining  that  town.  The  Doctor  was  an  old-time 
abolitionist;  was  eight  years  clerk  of  the  circuit  court  and  ex-officio 
recorder  in  Illinois,  and  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature  in 
1859  and  1869,  besides  having  held  other  responsible  public  posi- 
tions. 

Geo.  B.  Bennett — Watertown  and  Jim  River  Stage  Line;  born 
in  New  York  in  1836;  moved  to  Bureau  county.  Ills.,  in  1855; 
went  to  Colorado  in  1859;  returned  to  Illinois  in  1860;  thence  en- 
tered the  army  during  the  Rebellion;  returning  from  the  army,  en- 
tered the  service  of  the  Western  Stage  Co.,  with  hetidquarters  at 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.  In  1863  went  west  to  Ft.  Randall  and  Fort 
Benton;  came  to  Dakota  in  April,  1880. 

C.  H.  Bradford — general  merchandise;  born  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  in  1857;  came  to  Watertown  in  May,  1880,  and  engaged  in 
business  as  above;  married  to  Anna  Larson,  of  Kasson,  Minn. 

E.  N.  Brann — real  estate;  born  at  Gardner,  Me.,  in  1850, 
moved  to  LaCrosse,  Wis.,  in  1873;  came  to  vicinity  of  Lake  Kam- 
peska  in  May,  1878,  and  moved  to  Watertown  at  the  beginning  of 
its  settlement;  was  principal  of  the  Watertown  schools  and  the 
first  county  superintendent  of  schools  in  Codington  county. 

M.  T.  Briggs,  M.  D. — firm  of  Bennett  &  Briggs,  physicians 
and  surgeons;  born  in  Kalamazoo  county,  Mich.,  in  1873;  moved 
to  Illinois  in  1878,  thence  to  Wisconsin;  came  to  Watertown 
March  24,  1879;  married  to  Olive  Parson,  of  Texas,  Mich.,  and 
has  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

C.  0.  Carpenter — born  in  New  York  in  1837;  moved  to  Illi- 
nois in  1860;  thence  to  Minnesota;  came  to  Codington  county 
April  22d,  1878;  Mr.  Carpenter  erected  a  portion  of  his  present 
residence  in  Watertown  in  1878,  and  kept  hotel  therein  for  about 
two  years,  his  being  the  first  place  of  public  entertainment  in  Wa- 
tertown; married  to  Charlotte  Knapp,  of  New  York,  and  has  two 
daughters;  was  the  first  assessor  of  Codington  Co.;  Mrs.  Carpenter 
and  daughters  were  the  first  permanent  female  settlers  in  Water- 
town. 

C.  G.  Church,  firm  of  Poore  &  Church,  attorneys,  real  estate 
and  loan — born  at  Jericho,  Vt..  in  1854;  came  to  Watertown  in 
April,  1880;  married  to  Carrie  J.  Bishop,  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and 
has  one  daughter. 


348  WATERTOWJS  BIOGRAPHIES. 

M.  G.  Cobb,  insurance  and  farming,  Gary.  Dakota — born  in 
Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1838;  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1848; 
thence  to  Minn.;  thence  to  Gary  in  1878;  married  to  KUen  A. 
Shellman,  of  N.  Y.,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

Horace  Comfort,  firm  of  Campbell  &  Comfort,  attorneys,  real 
estate  and  loan — born  at  St.  Catharines,  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1858; 
located  at  Chicago,  Ills.,  in  1879;  came  to  Watertovvn  in  Aug.,  1880. 

S.  J.  Conklin,  attorney  and  editor  Dakota  News — born  in 
Penn  Yan.  N.  Y.,  in  1829;  moved  to  Waterloo,  Wis.,  in  1857; 
came  to  Watertown  in  May,  1879.  Mr.  Conklin  was  for  three 
terms  member  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature;  served  as  (Quarter- 
master in  a  W"is.  regiment  during  the  rebellion;  was  for  some  time 
Judge  Advocate  of  a  general  court  martial;  was  for  three  years 
Supervisor  of  Internal  Revenue  in  the  South,  and  has  he!d  other 
positions  of  trust;  practices  in  the  United  States  courts;  married 
to  Maria  Wait,  of  Jasper,  N.  Y.,  and  has  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Frank  Crane,  principal  Watertown  schools  and  county  super- 
intendent— born  Dec.  14.  1855,  at  Sparta,  Wis.;  came  to  Water- 
town  in  April,  1880. 

L.  S.  Deming,  clerk  of  district  court,  firm  of  Thomas  &  Dem- 
ing,  real  estate — born  at  Ft.  Madison,  Iowa,  in  1854;  moved  to 
Vermillion,  Dakota,  in  1870;  thence  to  Yankton  in  1875;  came  to 
Watertown  in  May,  1878;  married  to  Laura  L.  Leach,  of  Lake 
View,  Codington  county. 

0.  E.  Dewey,  firm  of.  0.  E.  Dewey  &  Co.,  drugs  and  groceries 
— born  in  Jefierson  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1843;  moved  to  Bureau 
county.  Ills.,  in  1871;  thence  to  Watertowai,  where  he  has  been  in 
business  ever  since  the  town  w^as  started;  moved  his  family  to 
Watertown  in  the  spring  of  1881;  married  to  Emma  Kemp, 
daughter  of  J.  E.  Kemp,  of  AVatertoAvn,  N.  Y..  and  has  one 
daughter. 

Geo.  A.  Edes,  editor  and  propr.  (Jodington  Co.  Courier — born 
in  Foxcraft,  Me.,  in  1844;  moved  in  1857  to  Western  N.  Y.; 
returned  to  Portland,  Me.,  where  he  worked  at  the  printer's  trade; 
went  to  California  in  1862,  where  he  remained  two  years,  return- 
ing to  Me.;  thence  to  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  where  be 
resided  about  nine  years.  In  1872  he  went  to  Montana;  thence  to 
Salt  Lake  City,  Council  Bluffs,  and  Omaha,  after  which  he  once 
more  returned  to  Me.;  going  back  to  Minnea))olis.  he  subsequently 
pul>lished  the  Buffalo  Co.  Journal  at  i\lma,  Wis.,  the  Trenn)ealeau 
Co.  Messenger,  at  Whitehall,  AVis.,  and  the  Lyon  Co.  News  at 
Marshall,  Minn.;  came  to  Watertown  in  May,  1880,  and  purchased 
the  Independ'^nt,  w^hich  he  jnerged  into  the  Courier;  married  to 
Nettie  Englesby,  of  Wis.,  and  has  one  son. 

W.  0.  Fraser  — firm  of  Conklin  &  Eraser,  proprietors  Dakota 
News;  born  in  Shelby,  0.,  in'1852;  went  to  California  in  1871 ;  re- 
turned to  Ohio  in  1876;  thence  to    Wisconsin  in    1877;    came  to 


WATERTOWN  BIOGRAPHIES.  349 

Watertown  in  1879;  married  to  Ella  Langlotz,  of  Waterloo,  Wis- 
consin. 

0.  Gesley — county  treasurer,  born  in  Beloit,  Wis.,  in  1854; 
came  to  Watertown  in  Februrarj,  1879,  and  engaged  in  hardware 
business;  elected  treasurer  in  the  fall  of  1880;  married  to  Anna 
Johnson,  of  Canby,  Minn. 

Moses  Greer,  Jr. — firm  of  Cleveland  &  Greer,  general  mer- 
chandise; born  in  Canada  in  1853;  moved  with  parents  in  1854,  to 
Winneshiek  county,  Iowa;  thence  in  the  spring  of  1870  to  Lanes- 
boro,  Minn.;  thence  to  Decoran,  Iowa;  came  to  Watertown  in  the 
fall  of  1880. 

H.  0.  Hagen — general  merchandise;  born  in  Norw^ay  in  1848; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1873,  and  located  in  Marquette  coun- 
ty, Mich.;  moved  to  Calumet,  Mich.,  in  the  spring  of  1874;  came 
to  Watertown  April  15,  1881;  married  to  Oline  Mary  Olson,  of 
of  Norway,  and  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Louis  F.  Heintz — firm  of  Heintz  &  Hassinger,  clothing,  boots, 
shoes,  etc.;  born  in  Winona,  Minn.,  in  1859;  came  to  Watertown 
in  August,  1880,  and  entered  business  as  above;  married  to  Lizzie 
Rice,  of  Winona. 

P.  E.  Higgins — Sheriff  of  Codington  county — livery;  born  in 
Shenango  county,  N.  Y.,  iu  1845;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Min- 
eral Point,  Wis;  thence  to  Palmira,  Wis.;  thence  to  Stevens' 
Point,  Wis.;  came  to  Watertown  in  June,  1880;  appointed  sheriff 
in  the  spring  of  1881. 

F.  W.  Hoyt — clothing,  hats  and  caps,  gent.'s  furnishings; 
born  in  1850  at  Utica,  N.  Y.;  came  to  Watertown  from  New  York 
City  in  July,  1879,  and  opened  the  first  stock  of  clothing  in 
Watertown;  he  married  Arabella  Kemp,  of  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
and  has  one  daughter. 

H.  Johnson — firm  of  Johnson  &  Cartford,  proprietors  John- 
son House;  born  in  Norway  in  1832;  came  to  the  LTnited  States 
in  1853,  and  settled  at  Black  River  Falls,  Wis.;  came  to  Water- 
town  in  the  spring  of  1879,  and  engaged  in  business  as  above; 
married  to  Martha  Birch,  and  has  one  daughter. 

0.  C.  Johnson — proprietor  Bank  of  Watertown;  born  in  Nor- 
way in  1838;  came  to  the  LTnited  States  in  1844  and  located  in 
Walworth  county.  Wis.;  established  the  Bank  of  Watertown  in 
March,  1880;  married  to  Mrs.  Caroline  B.  Bodtker,  and  has  one 
son:  Mr.  Johnson's  home  is  at  Beloit,  Wis. 

Oscar  P.  Kemp — firm  of  Kemp  Bros.,  hardware  and  farming 
machinery;  born  in  1852,  in  Watertown,  N.  Y. ;  moved  in  1875  to 
Sparta,  Wis.;  came  to  Codington  county  in  March,  1878,  and  lo- 
cated on  a  farm  of  560  acres,  one  mile  west  of  the  present  town  of 
Watertown,  owned  by  Kemp  Bros,  and  John  E.  Kemp,  of  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.;  married  Elva  M.  French,  of  Neilsville,  AVis.,  and  has 
one  son. 


350  WATERTOAVN"    BIOGRAPHIES. 

John  Kemp— born  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  in  1853;  moved  to 
Ohio  in  1871;  thence  to  Sparta,  Wis.,  and  came  to  Watertown  in 
1879;  married  to  Clara  Deringer,  of  Sparta,  AVis. 

D.  B.  Lovejoy — born  in  N.  Y,  in  1835;  moved  to  Wis.,  in 
1856,  and  located  at  Evansville,  Rock  county;  served  four  years 
and  three  months  in  the  army  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion; 
from  Evansville  he  moved  to  Richland  county,  Wis.;  thence  to 
New  York  city,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  service  of  the  county 
court;  came  to  Codington  county  in  the  spring  of  1876,  being  one 
of  the  earliest  and  most  sagacious  pioneers;  married  to  Nancy 
Briggs,  a  native  of  N.  Y.,  and  has  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

William  Marshall,  manager  J.  S.  Keator's  farm,  Hamlin 
count3%  Dakota — born  in  Canada  in  1834;  moved  to  Wis.  in  1861, 
and  came  to  Hamlin  county  in  1879;  married  to  Mary  Shanks,  of 
Canada,  and  has  two  daughters.  Mr.  Marshall  was  appointed  post- 
master of  Keator  post-office,  in  July,  1879. 

Peter  Mauseth,  furniture— born  in  Norway  in  1814;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1873,  and  located  in  Mich.;  came  to  Water- 
town  in  July,  1879;  married  to  Caroline  Olson,  of  Norwa}^,  and 
has  one  son  and  three  daughters. 

C.  C.  Maxwell,  proprietor  temperance  billiard  hall — born  at 
Mt.  Pleasant,  0.,  in  1810;  moved  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  in  1860; 
thence  to  Chicago,  Ills.;  thence  to  Plainview,  Minn.;  came  to 
Watertown  m  the  spring  of  1879;  married  to  Loenza  A.  Porter,  of 
Plainview,  Minn.,  and  has  two  daughters. 

Wm.  Mclntyre — propr.  East  Watertown  House;  born  in  N. 
Y.  in  1842.  moved  with  parents  to  Columbia  county.  Wis.;  thence 
to  Monroe  county,  AVis.;  came  to  Codington  county  in  October, 
1877,  and  located  two  miles  west  of  the  present  town  of  AVater- 
town;  the  following  spring  Mr.  Mclntyre  located  where  he  now 
resides,  opening  his  hotef  March  13,  1880;  married  to  Addie  E. 
Blodgett,  of  Ohio,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

J.  I.  ]\Ionks — postmaster;  hrm  of  Monks  &  AA^iser,  hardware 
and  farming  machinery;  born  in  1851  at  Winchester,  Ind.; 
moved  to  Mankato,  Minn.,  in  1867;  came  to  AA'atertown  in  Feb- 
ruary. 1879,  and  began  business  in  March  of  that  year;  married  to 
May  Howard,  of  Mankato,  and  has  one  daughter. 

J.  C.  Mulholland— propr.  Merchant's  Hotel;  born  in  Hardin 
county,  Ohio,  in  1836;  moved  to  Iowa  in  1856;  thence  to  Wiscon- 
son;  thence  to  Olmstead  county,  Minn.;  came  to  Watertown  in 
1879,  where  he  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  in  May,  1880:  mar- 
ried to  Jemima  C.  Carl,  and  has  six  daughters. 

J.  J.  Owsley,  Jr.,  firm  of  Owsley  Bros.  &  Co. — born  at  Osh- 
kosh,  AVis.,  in  1855;  thence  to  Sparta,  AVis.;  came  to  Watertown 
in  March,  1879;  married  to  Effie  Streeter,  of  Sparta.  AVis.,  and  has 
one  son. 


WATERTOWN  BIOGRAPHIES.  351 

S.  M.  Owsle}^  firm  of  Owsley  Bros.  &  Co. — born  at  Indian- 
apolis, Incl.,  in  1847;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Oshkosh,  Wis.; 
thence  to  Sparta,  Wis.,  and  has  charge  of.  the  business  of  the  firm 
at  the  latter  place:  married  to  Anna  Walker,  of  N.  Y.,  and  has 
three  sons. 

J.  J.  Owsley,  Sr.,  firm  of  Owsley  Bros.  &  Co.,  general  mer- 
chandise— born  in  Indiana  in  1816;  moved  to  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  in 
1855;  thence  to  Sparta,  Wis.,  in  1860;  came  to  Watertown  in 
March,  1879;  married  to  Amanda  Peppard,  deceased,  of  Ohio,  by 
whom  he  has  one  daughter;  his  present  wife  was  Hattie  Major,  of 
Ind. ;  they  have  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  The  firm  of  Owsley 
Bros.  &  Co.  also  carry  on  an  extensive  business  at  Sparta.  Wis.; 
have  160  acres  oE  land  near  Wihner,  Minn.;  about  1,200  near 
Watertown,  400  of  which  are  under  cultivation,  and  several  quar- 
ter sections  in  Brown  county,  D.  T. 

Warren  W.  Pay,  Oakwood  and  Watertown  stage  line — born 
in  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  in  1838;  moved  to  Woodstock,  Ills.,  in 
1853;  thence  to  Wis.;  thence  to  Blue  Earth  county,  Minn.;  thence 
to  Iowa  in  1860;  was  one  of  the  first  volunteers  at  the  outbreak 
of  the  rebellion;  returned  to  Iowa  after  the  war;  came  to  Brook- 
ings county,  Dakota,  in  1873. 

William  M.  Reed,  bus.  manager  Empire  Lumber  Co. — born 
in  N.  Y.,  in  1852;  moved  to  Mich,  in  1866;  thence  to  Winona, 
Minn.;  thence  to  Washington  Ty.,  in  1876,  whence  he  returned  to 
Winona;  came  to  Watertown  in  April,  1880;  married  to  Agnes 
Hamilton,  of  Winona. 

G.  F.  Rice — firm  of  Rice  Bros.,  general  merchandise;  born  in 
Wisconsin  in  1852;  came  to  Watertown  in  the  spring  of  1878  and 
entered  into  business  as  above;  owns  a  fine  farm  of  600  acres  one 
mile  east  of  Watertown;  the  firm  have  in  addition  an  extensive 
merchandising  establishment  at  Aberdeen.  Mr.  Rice  was  married 
to  Emma  Neber,  of  Oakdale,  Wis.,  and  has  one  daughter. 

E.  C.  Rice — firm  of  Rice  Bros.,  general  merchandise;  born  in 
Wisconsin,  in  1855;  came  to  Watertown  in  the  Spring  of  1878, 
and  has  charge  of  the  firm's  business  at  Aberdeen,  D.  T. 

James  Riley — harness  and  saddlery;  born  in  Monmouth 
county,  N.  J.,  in  1848;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Southern  Mis- 
souri; thence  in  1861  to  Omaha,  Neb.;  thence  to  Beloit,  Wis.;  lo- 
cated in  1870  at  Missouri  Valley  Junction,  Iowa;  thence  in  1874 
to  Yankton,  Dakota;  came  to  Codington  county  in  the  spring  of 
1877.  locating  near  Lake  Kampeska.  Engaged  in  above  business 
in  Watertown  in  Jan.,  1880;  was  the  first  sherifi:'  of  Codington 
county,  having  been  appointed  to  that  ofiice  at  the  organization  of 
the  county. 

S.  D.  Scudder — real  estate  and  loan  agent;  born  in  India  un- 
der the  Americnn  flag  in  January,  1860;  when  about  twelve  years 
of  age  he  went  to  Germany  where  he  was  educated;  from  Germany 


352  WATERTOWN    BIOGRAPHIES. 


he  went  to  his  home  in  lirooklyn,  N.  Y.,  engaging  in  business  in 
the  Bank  of  Montreal,  New  York  City;  came  to  Sleepy  Eye, 
Minn.,  in  1880,  and  engaged  in  tlie  banking  bussiness;  came  to 
Watertown  in  1881. 

Chas.  X.  Seward — city  clerk  and  attorney,  firm  of  Seward, 
Glass  &  Eddy,  law.  real  estate  and  loan;  born  at  Marengo,  Illinois, 
in  1857;  came  to  Watertown  in  January,  1879. 

S.  B.  Sheldon — Codington  County  Bank;  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
county,  N.  Y.,  in  1842;  thence  in  1866  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  thence 
to  Anoka,  Minn.;  came  to  Watertown  in  July,  1880;  married  to 
Catherine  Kosterman,  of  Racine,  Wis. 

Carl  G.  Sherwood — attorney  and  real  estate  agent  at  Clark, 
(Jlark  county,  D.  T.;  born  in  Broome  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1855; 
moved  to  Illinois  in  1878;  came  to  Clark  county  in  the  summer  of 
1881. 

R.  B.  Spicer,  County  Register  of  Deeds  and  Business  Mana- 
ager  for  Youmans  Bros.  &  Hodgins — born  in  Erie  county,  Ohio, 
in  1849;  thence  to  Michigan  in  1868;  to  Missouri  in  1871,  and 
to  Minnesota  in  1874;  came  to  Codington  county  in  1878;  elected 
Register  in  the  fall  of  1880;  Mr.  Spicer  owns  a  farm  of  200  acres 
adjoining  Watertown. 

G.  H.  Stoddart,  Civil  Engineer— born  in  Wisconsin  in  1854; 
moved  to  Yankton,  Dak.,  in  February,  1873;  came  to  Codington 
county  in  1878;  is  engaged  as  above  in  the  service  of  the  C.  &  N. 
W.  R.'  R.  Co.;  wa5  the  first  county  surveyor  of  Codington  county. 

H.  A.  Tarbell,  firm  of  Tarbell  Bros.— born  in  Cavendish,  Vt., 
in  1855;  moved  to  Owatonna,  Minn;  thence  to  Faribault;  thence 
to  Waseca,  Minn;  came  to  Watertown  in  the  spring  of  1879;  en- 
gaged in  1881  in  prosecuting  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  medical 
department  of  Dartmouth  College,  N.  H. 

0.  H.  Tarbell,  firm  of  Tarbell  Bros.,  drugs,  books  and  station- 
ery— born  in  Cavendish,  Vt.,  in  1852;  moved  to  Owatonna,  Minn., 
in  1872;  thence  to  Faribault;  thence  to  Waseca,  j\Jinn.;  came  to 
vicinity  of  Lake  Kampeska  in  May,  1878;  moved  to  Watertown  in 
March,  1879;  married  to  Etta  Williamson,  of  Owatonna,  Minn., 
and  has  one  son. 

Geo.  W.  Thoinas,  firm  of  C.  C.  Wiley  &  Co.,  real  estate— born 
in  New  York,  in  1844;  came  to  Watertown  from  New  York  City 
in  1878;  located  permanently  at  Watertown  in  June,  1879. 

W.  R.  Thomas,  firm  of  D.  C.  &  W.  R.  Thomas,  attorneys- 
born  in  Berlin,  Wis.,  in  1853;  moved  to  Sioux  Rapids,  Iowa,J_n 
1873;  graduated  from  the  Iowa  law  school  at  Des  Moines,  in  1877; 
came  to  Codington  county,  first  in  the  summer  of  1876,  and  loaated 
here  permanently  in  the  spring  of  1878;  married  to  Mary  Peterson, 
of  Rochester,  Minn.;  has  one  daughter. 


WATERTOWN  BIOGRAPHIES.  353 


D.  C.  Thomas,  attorney— born  in  Wis.  in  1846;  graduated  at 
the  Michigan  University,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  in  1869,  and  located 
at  Sioux  Rapids,  Iowa,  of  which  town  he  was  one  of  the  origin- 
ators; came  to  Watertown  in  1878;  married  to  Mrs.  Mary  Clark, 
of  Sioux  Rapids,  and  has  one  daughter. 

H.  D.  Walrath— Codington  County  Bank;  born  in  1842,  at 
Morristown,  St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.;  moved  in  1870  to  Oma- 
ha, Neb.;  thence  to  Indiana;  thence  to  Cherokee,  Iowa;  came  to 
Watertown  in  July  1880;  married  to  Emma  F.  Sheldon,  of  New 
York. 

R.  T.  Warner — attorney;  born  in  Connecticut  in  1842;  moved 
to  Wisconsin;  thence  to  Dakota  in  1878;  came  to  Watertown 
March  20,  1879. 

Archie  Weaver — general  merchandise;  born  in  Ohio  in  1845; 
moved  to  Grand  Rapids,  Wis.,  in  1866,  where  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness; came  to  Watertown  April  1,  1879,  where  he  engaged  in  bus- 
iness as  above. 

C.  C.  Whistler — firm  of  Stevens  &  Whistler,  meat  market, 
born  in  Morrow  county,  0.,  in  1852;  moved  to  Sparta,  is.,  in 
1859;  thence  to  Watertown  in  1879;  married  to  Jennie  An- 
drews, of  Sparta,  and  has  one  son;  the  firm  of  Stevens  and  Whis- 
tler also  have  a  business  establishment  at  Sparta,  of  which  Mr. 
Stevens  has  personal  charge. 

C.  C.  Wiley — firm  of  Wiley  &  Co.,  real  astate  and  loan;  born 
in  Massachusetts  in  1842;  moved  in  May.  1876,  to  Yankton,  Da- 
kota; came  to  Codington  county.  May  8,  1877,  having  taken  a 
claim  at  Lake  Kampeska  the  fall  before;  has  resided  in  Codington 
county  ever  since  the  spring  of  1877;  married  Harriet  P.  Sprague, 
of  Vermont,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

E.  H.  Ulrick — firm  of  Ulrick  &  Reals,  proprietors  Central 
House;  born  in  Canada  and  is  about  30  years  of  age;  Mr.  Ulrich 
came  to  Codington  county  in  the  fall  of  1871. 


J.  H.  Bryan — wagon  and  blacksmith  shop;  was  born  in  Ash- 
land county,  Ohio,  on  the  18th  of  December,  1834;  came  west  in 
1853  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  then  came  to  Iowa  and  from  Iowa 
to  Dakota.  His  first  wife  was  Mary  C.  Hawthorn ;  have  four  chil- 
dren by  first  wife — Ida.  Edwin,  Calvin  and  Laura.  Married  his 
second  wife  in  April,  1873;  have  one  child — Addie.  Mr.  Bryan  h;  s 
served  one  term  as  sheriff  in  this  county. 

H.  H.  Blair — druggist;  established  business  in  1871;  was  born 
in  Buffalo,  Erie  county,  New  York,  in  1839;  came  west  in  1845, 
and  settled  in  Wisconsin,  where  he  resided  until  1869,  when  he 
removed  to  Elk  Point,  Dakota,  and  two  years  after  established  this 


351  ELK  POINT  BIOGRAPHIES. 

business;  serv(?tl  in  the  army  one  and  a  half  years  in  the  8th  Wis- 
consin, under  Col.  Murphy;  he  has  served  two  years  as  prol)ate 
judge  and  county  treasurer  of  Union  county;  he  niarrit^d  M  E. 
Dey,  of  Wisconsin;  they  have  three  children,  Winnie  M.,  Frank 
H.  and  Jennie  J. 

J.  E.  Blair — was  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1852;  came  to  Dakota 
in  1864  and  h)eated  at  Elk  Point;  served  as  clerk  in  a  drug  store 
six  years,  and  was  deputy  postmaster  at  the  same  time;  he  is  now 
postmaster,  in  which  capacity  he  has  served  three  years;  he  wa;3 
town  treasurer  two  terms,  and  lodge  treasurer  one  year;  he  married 
Permelia  Snyder,  of  Lawler,  Iowa. 

Trefle  Bail — carpenter  and  joiner,  was  born  in  Canada  East,  in 
August,  1841,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1861,  and  settled  in 
Rhode  Island;  in  1875  moved  to  Dakota;  he  married  Mary  Russell, 
of  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  they  have  three  children — Louisa, 
Moses  and  Georgie. 

Benjamin  Briggs — furniture  dealer;  born  in  LaFayette,  N.  Y. 
in  1824.  Came  west  in  1866  and  settled  in  this  vicinity;  in  1844 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Sarah  A.  Rose,  a  native  of  the  state  of 
New  York;  have  lost,  by  death,  three  children —  Emily  J.,  Letitia 
M.,  and  infant  not  named. 

Rev.  D.  0.  Darling — born  in  Madison  county,  Ohio,  August 
21st.  1850;  immigrated  west  in  187 J,  and  settled  at  Moiiticello, 
Illinois,  and  from  there  he  removed  to  this  section  of  country,  where 
he  has  been  stationed  the  past  live  years;  in  1871  he  married  Mary 
A.  Warford,a  native  of  Ohio;  they  have  three  children — IdellaG., 
Charles  M.  and  an  infant. 

George  Ford — Presbyterian  minister,  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
in  1810;  received  his  education  at  Harvard  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  1842;  he  then  attended  Andover  Theological  Seminary, 
where  he  graduated  in  1845;  he  was  appointed  missionary  to  India, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  for  six  years.  After  his  return  he  was 
pastor  in  New  York  State  until  1874,  when  he  removed  to  Elk 
Point,  D.  T.,  where  he  is  now  a  resident,  (1881).  He  married  Miss 
Ann  Jennet,  a  native  of  Patochogue,  Long  Island;  they  have 
three  children — George  Ford,  Jr.,  who  is  now  a  merchant  in  Elk 
Point;  James  T.  Ford,  Presbyterian  minister  at  Oxford,  Wis.,  and 
John  S.  Ford,  a  printer  and  stationer  in  Chicago. 

Rev.  G.  W.  Freeman — pastor  Baptist  church;  ordained  June, 
1844,  at  Rupert,  Vermont,  where  he  lived  three  yeiirs  and  then 
removed  to  Fort  Edward,  N.  Y.,  where  he  resided  four  years;  he 
was  born  in  the  town  of  Vernon,  M;':lison  county,  N.  Y.,  August 
10th,  1819;  came  west  in  April,  1851,  and  settled  at  Whitewater, 
Wis.;  he  then  removed  to  VVaupun,  Wis.,  and  from  there  to  Hori- 
con,in  D  )dge  county;  from  there  he  removed  to  Fox  Lake,  where 
he  remained  five   years  in  charge  of   the  Wisconsin  Female  Col- 


ELK  POINT   BIOGRAPHIES  355 

lege;  from  there  he  moved  to  Lake  City,  Minnesota,  and  took 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church;  he  then  removed  to  New  Lisbon, and 
from  there  to  Kilbourne  City,  and  from  there  to  the  U.  &  C.  P. 
R.  R.,  as  general  superintendent  of  missions,  transferred  by  the 
Board  of  Home  Missions  to  the  charge  of  home  missions 
in  Dakota.  He  married  Charlotte  Dyer,  of  Shaftsburv, 
Vt.,  who  died  October  21st,  1880,  in  Elk  Point,  D.  t. 
After  coming  to  Elk  Point,  Rev.  Freeman  returned  to  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  where  their  denomination  built  a  very  fine  church;  he  was 
appointed  by  Gov.  Randall,  of  Wisconsin,  chaplain  of  Gen. 
Blake's  staff.  He  has  four  children — Charlotte  M.,  George  R., 
Charles  H.,  Carrie  A.,  (wife  of  the  clerk  of  court  in  Elk  Point.) 

Warren  Fisk — butcher:  was  born  in  Washington  county,  N. 
Y.,  May  8th,  1837;  came  to  Wisconsin  at  the  age  of  19,  where  he 
resided  twelve  years;  served  in  the  army  two  years  under  Gen. 
Sherman,  ''Co.  F,''  16th  Wisconsin;  arrived  in  Dakota  the  11th 
day  of  October.  1868;  in  1858  he  married  Elizabeth  Scott;  have 
two  children — Frederick  and  Jennie.  Mr.  Fisk  has  been  school 
treasurer  in  Elk  Point  the  past  11  years. 

Dr.  J.  Griffin  Conley — physician;  born  August  1,  1838,  at 
Phinebeck  Flats,  New  York;  received  his  education  at  Rush  Medi- 
cal College,  and  graduated  in  1861;  entered  the  army  as  assistant 
surgeon  with  the  third  Wisconsin  regiment,  in  March,  1862;  was 
promoted  to  surgeon  in  February,  1864,  and  served  till  the  close  of 
the  war;  the  last  six  months  of  the  service  was  promoted  to  sur- 
geon in  chief:  served  on  Gen.  Hawley's  staff';  married  Miss  Ella 
Savage,  February  20,  1867;  have  three  children.  May,  Arthur  B., 
infant. 

Rev.  Almon  Gore — Groceries,  confectionery  and  dining  hall; 
established  business  in  1879;  was  born  in  Gennessee  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1829;  was  raised  in  Michigan;  came  west  to  Dakota  in  1863; 
was  a  member  of  theMichigan  annual  conference  nine  years-  of  the 
M.  E.  Church;  in  1867  he  was  elected  county  commissioner  of 
Union  County,  but  failed  to  qualify;  he  married  Ann  E.  Lee,  of 
Ohio;  they  have  five  children,  Ada  A.,  Clarence  S.,  Terrence  A., 
Irwin  A.  Arvin  J.;  have  buried  three  children,  Ida  L.,  Almon  Ty- 
son, and  Harriet  E. 

Dr.  George  W.  Havens — was  born  in  Hartford,  Washington 
county,  N.  Y.;  graduated  at  Castleton  in  1832;  came  west  in  1854, 
and  settled  in  LaCrosse,  Wisconsin;  while  there  he  was  elected 
county  superintendent  of  that  county;  in  1874  he  moved  to  Elk 
Point,  Dakota;  he  married  Catherine  A.  Woolhiser,  a  native  of  Al- 
leghany county,  New  York. 

H.  Halverson- -established  business  in  August,  1881;  was  born 
in  Norway  in  1836;  came  to  America  in  1862  and  settled  in  Chica- 
go; in  1881   he  moved  to  Elk  Point,  Dakota;  he  served  in  the 


356  ELK  point' BIOGRAPHIES. 

military  in  Norway  four  years  as  sergeant;  he  married  Carrie  Sel- 
wick,  who  died  in  Chicago  in  1879;  he  has  four  children  -Hilmer 
A.,  Helena  C,  Maggie  M.  and  Richard  M. 

Joshua  Vaugchan  Himes,  Elk  Point;  was  born  in  Wick- 
ford,  K.  I.,  May  19,  1805;  in  1822  he  went  to  New  Bed- 
ford, where  he  was  converted  under  the  labors  of  Elder  Simon 
Clough;  February  2,  1823,  he  united  with  the  First  Christian 
Church;  he  afterwards  became  a  preacher,  holding  revival  meet- 
ings in  the  neighboring  school  houses,  and  success  crowned  his  ef- 
forts; in  1827  he  entered  upon  the  work  of  the  ministry  as  the 
work  of  his  life;  he  was  then  appointed  evangelist  by  the  Massa- 
chusetts ('hristian  Conference,  to  labor  in  Southern  Massachusetts 
till  the  autumn  of  1827,  when  he  located  at  Fall  River,  Massachu- 
setts; in  1830  he  was  invited  to  take  the  pastoral  care  of  that  peo- 
ple; which  invitation  he  accepted  and  continued  with  them  till 
1837,  when  he  resigned;  in  1839  he  embraced  the  views  of  Mr. 
Miller,  relating  to  the  prophecies,  the  age  of  the  world,  and  the 
second  coming  of  Christ;  he  has  published  numberless  papers, 
tracts  and  books  which  were  distributed  gratuitously  by. him;  he 
has  visited  England,  Ireland  and  Scotland  as  a  missionary,  and  has 
traveled  in  nearly  all  the  States  of  the  Union;  opeii.  frank,  courte- 
ous, liberal  and  sympathetic,  he  has  a  great  faculty  to  enlist  the 
attention  and  hearts  of  the  people;  in  1863  he  established  ''The 
Voice  of  the  West,"  in  Buchanan,  Michigan,  which  was  published 
many  years,  and  after  Tards  transferred  to  an  association;  at  the 
age  of  76  his  interest  and  ardor  are  still  unabated;  during  his  min- 
istry of  more  that  50  years  he  has  organized  over  three  hundred 
churches,  assisted  in  organizing  ll  state  and  sectional  conferences, 
and  immersed  over  1,500  souls;  he  is  now  pastor  of  the  P]piscopal 
churches  in  Elk  Point  and  Vermillion,  I).  T.  (1881.);  his  first 
marriage  was  in  New  Bedford  to  Miss  Mary  Hand}';  she  died  in 
1873;  his  second  marriage  was  to  Hannah  C.  Harley.  June  13. 
1879;  he  has  four  children,  Joshua  V..  Jr.,  farmer;  William  L., 
clergyman;  Walter  J.,  clerk,  Berrien  county.  Michigan;  Arthur 
T.,  grain  merchant,  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

"S.  W.  Kent — harness  maker;  was  born  in  Plainfield,  WiW 
county,  Illinois,  on  the  17th  day  of  Februar}^  1849;  moved  to 
Dakota  the  22d  of  February  1868,  and  settled  here  iDcrmanently 
on  the  15th  of  July,  1874;  he  married  Edwiua  C.  Lull;  they  have 
two  children — Glen  C.  and  Ira  M. 

E.  W.  Miller — attorney  at  law;  established  business  in  1871; 
was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  in  1835;  came  west  on  a  visit  in 
1871  and  located  permanently;  from  Ohio  he  went  to  Pennsylvania; 
thence  to  Georgia;  has  been  practicing  law  since  he  came  to  Elk 
Point;  has  l)een  superintendent  of  public  schools  for  two  years;  he 
married  Ella  E.  Planner,  a  native  of  Huntington.  Pa.;  liave  two 
children — one  san  and  one  daughter. 


ELK    POINT    BIOGRAPHIES.  357 

John  Mounsey — Groceries  and  liquors,  Elk  Point;  born  in  Can- 
ada in  1837;  came  west  in  1871,  and  settled  in  Elk  Point;  married 
Adeline  Lalanne  April  4,  ISGl;  have  four  children,  Adeline, 
Ephriam,  Henry  and  Mary  W. 

M.  W.  Sheaf e — Prop.  Dakota  Flouring  Mills;  this  mill  was 
built  in  the  winter  of  "73  and  '74,  by  J.  W.  Hoffman,  banker,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  Elk  Point,  at  the  cost  of  $22,000;  it  had 
three  run  of  stone  at  the  time  it  was  built,  but  in  1877  it  was 
bought  by  Mr.  Sheaf e,  who,  at  the  expense  of  |5,000,  fincreased 
its  capacity  by  another  run  of  stone,  so  that  now  its  capacity  is 
100  barrels  of  flour  every  24  hours;  and  he  added  all  the  modern 
machinery  for  making  the  new  process  flour;  Mr.  S.  has  been 
awarded  the  government  contract  for  furnishing  flour  to  the  In- 
dian Department  for  the  past  three  years;  he  ships  flour  to  all 
parts  of  the  country,  and  also  does  a  large  exchange  business,  far- 
mers coming  30  and  even  40  miles  to  exchange  their  wheat  for 
flour;  this  mill  ranks  as  one  of  the  best  mills  in  this  part  of  the 
country;  it  is  run  by  steam  and  therefore  is  not  bothered  either  by 
lack  of  or  too  great  a  supply  of  water;  Mr.  Sheafe  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  in  1844,  came  west  to  Janesville,  Wis.;  from  there 
he  moved  to  Elk  Point,  Dakota,  where  he  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business,  which  was  the  first  lumber-yard  in  Elk  Point;  he  was  the 
first  man  that  ever  shipped  freight,  by  rail,  into  the  Territory;  he 
represented  this  district  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  (in  the  Coun- 
cil) one  term;  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Elk  Point  for  four  years; 
in  politics  he  figures  with  the  Democratic  party;  he  served  in  the 
army  one  year,  under  Burnside  and  Foster,  in  ''  the  Eighteenth 
Army  Corps;"  he  married  Cassie  Hall,  of  Wisconsin;  they  have 
two  children — Anna  W.  and  William  W. 

G.  B.  Steckman — watchmaker;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1839;  came  west  in  1861,  and  stopped  in  Iowa  six  years,  and  then 
moved  to  Dakota;  he  married  L.  E.  Harper;  they  have  one  child, 
Helend,  one  and  a  half  years  old.  Mr.  S.  was  alderman  in  Elk  Point 
four  years. 

F.  Stroble — proprietor  city  meat  market;  was  born  in  Germany 
in  1846;  came  to  America  with  parents  in  1851  and  settled  in  Ohio; 
then  moved  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa;  thence  to  Dakota;  made  one  trip 
through  to  Montana  in  1865,  and  came  back  by  the  way  of  Salt 
Lake  by  team.  He  has  served  as  city  marshal  of  Elk  Point  two 
years;  'he  married  Mary  Snyder,  of  Dakota,  and  they  have  three 
children,  Hattie,  Harry  C.  and  Arthur. 

F.  W.  Smythe — harness  maker;  was  born  in  Huntingdon 
county,  Canada,  Nov.  10th,  1836;  came  west  as  far  as  Chicago  in 
1862;"the  year  of  1867  he  spent  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa;  in  1868  came 
to  this  territory,  where  he  settled  permanently;  on  the  13th  of 
October,  l>i59,  he  married  Dormthilde  Turcot;  they  have  nine  chil- 
dren— F.  Diendonne,    Anicet,  Dion,  Francis,  Byron,  Henry,   An- 


358  ELK  POINT  BIOGRAPHIES. 

toirie,  Josepliine,  Martin.  Mr.  Smythe  has  served  as  city  and 
county  justice  for  ei<2^ht  years. 

Rev.  Seymour  Snyder — M.  E.  minister;  was  born  in  Salis- 
bury, Connecticut,  April  23,  1837;  attended  Cornell  collej^e,  and 
became  a  minister  in  1861.  At  the  age  of  eight  years  he  moved 
to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  nine  years.  He  then  removed  to 
Iowa,  Avhere  he  resided  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Dakota. 
He  married  Miss  Blanche  E.  Goo,  of  Dakota;  they  have  one  child, 
named  Frank  A.  Mr.  Snyder  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  and 
Odd  Fellows  lodges. 

P.  Vail — carpenter  and  builder;  born  inDachess  county.  New 
York,  in  1826;  he  went  to  California  in  1850  and  returned  in  same 
year;  again  he  went  west  as  far  as  Colorado,  and  in  1870  he  located 
at  Elk  Point;  married  Elmira  Horton;  they  have  two  children — 
Joseph  and  Anne  Mary. 

Uriah  Wood — teamster  and  liveryman;  Avas  born  in  Wiscon- 
sin in  1849;  then  moved  to  Minnesota,  where  he  resided  three 
years;  then  moved  to  Dakota  and  settled  permanently.  He  served 
in  the  army  three  years,  under  General  Sully;  then  traveled  all 
through  the  west.  He  married  Jennie  H.  Collins,  of  New  Hamp- 
shire; they  have  three  children — Eddie  A.,  Gertie,  Veruie. 

J.  A.  Wallace — lawyer,  was  born  in  Davies  county,  Indiana, 
July  22d,  18-12;  immigrated  to  Illinois  in  August,  1865,  remained 
there  till  the  spring  of  1869,  when  he  moved  to  Dakota  Territory, 
where  he  arrived  the  oth  day  of  May;  he  served  in  the  army  and 
was  the  third  man  to  enlist  in  "  Co.  C  "  from  the  county  from 
which  that  company  went;  this  company  was  the  6th  Indiana,  (3 
months'  service)  and  was  the  first  regiment  from  that  state  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  Rebellion;  he  re-enlisted  in  '"  Co.  G  "  of  the  42d  In- 
diana and  served, until  the  last  day  of  October,  1864,  making  three 
and  a  half  years  service.  In  1868,  at  Hardin,  Illinois,  he  married 
Martha  L.  Miller,  daughter  of  Rev.  M.  Miller;  they  have  three 
children  dead  and  one  son  living,  named  Hubert,  age  11-1  years. — 
Mr.  Wallace  has  served  two  terms  of  two  years  each  as  county 
prosecuting  attorney  in  this  county,  and  served  one  term  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  territorial  legislature  (in  the  Council);  he  was  also  mem- 
ber of  the  school  board  for  six  years;  was  mayor  of  Elk  Point  one 
term  and  city  justice  four  terms.  He  is  the  first  attorney  that  ever 
opened  a  law  office  in  Union  county;  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1866,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Washington  high  school. 

John  R.  Wood — liveryman,  was  born  in  Montgomery  county, 
N.  Y.,  in  1821;  immigrated  west  in  1844;  settled  at  Bristol,  Wis., 
(near  Kenosha)  where  he  lived  two  years;  he  then  moved  to  Col- 
umbia county,  where  he  farmed  four  years;  he  then  removed  to 
Kingston,  where  he  kept  hotel  two  years;  he  then  removed 
to  Portage  City,  where  he  kept  livery  stable  six  months, 
and    from   there    to    Minneapolis,  where   he    lived    a  year   and 


BROOKINGS  BIOGRAPHIES.  359 

a  half;  from  there  he  moved  to  Elk  Point,  Dakota.  He 
served  in  the  army  three  and  a  half  years,  also  his  two  sons;  he 
married  E valine  0.  Farmer,  of  the  state  of  New  York.  They  have 
eight  children — Charles  H.,  Lorenzo,  Uriah.  Harriet  E.,  Margaret, 
Alfred  (deceased),  Mary  J.,  Evaline  C,  Lottie  J. 


ISROOKirVQS. 

F.  J.  Adams — firm  of  Adams  Bros.,  harness,  &c.;  born  in 
Cologne,  Germany,  in  1854;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864 
and  located  in  New  York  City;  thence  to  Mankato,  Minn.  Came 
to  Brookings  in  April,  1880;  married  to  Lena  Kohl,  of  St.  Panl, 
Minn.,  and  has  two  sons. 

C.  Adams — firm  of  Adams  Bros.,  harness,  &c.;  horn  in  Cologne, 
Germany,  in  1856;  came  to  the  United  States  in  the  spring  of  1864 
and  located  in  New  York  City;  thence  to  Mankato,  Minn.  Came 
to  Brookings  in  April,  1880;  married  to  Mary  Johnson  of  Rapidan, 
Minn.,  and  has  one  son. 

E.  E.  Gaylord — Furniture,  books  and  stationery;  born  in  Ogle 
county,  Illinois,  in  1853;  moved  with  his  parents  to  the  vicinity  of 
Red  Wing,  Minn.;  left  Minnesota  in  the  spring  of  18S0,  and  came 
to  Brookings;  married  to  E.  A.  Arden.  of  Massachusetts,  and  has 
one  son  and  one  daughter. 

James  Hauxhurst — County  register  of  deeds;  born  in  Queen's 
county,  L.  L.  in  1838;  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1855;  thence  in  1860 
to  Colorado,  where  he  remained  until  1866,  returning  to  Wisconsin. 
From  Wisconsin  he  moved  to  Iowa,  and  came  to  Medary,  Brookings 
county,  in  1871.  From  Medary  he  moved  to  Brookings.  Was 
first  elected  register  of  deeds  in  1873,  which  office  he  has  ever  since 
held;  married  to  Ellen  Jones,  of  Wisconsin,  and  has  three  daugh- 
ters. 

C.  W.  Higgins,  M.  D.,  drugs,  books  and  stationery — born  in 
Jeiferson  county.  Wis.,  in  1849;  moved  in  1858  to  Dodge  county, 
Minn.  Graduated  at  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  in  1876, 
and  located  in  Adams  county,  Iowa;  came  to  Brookings  county  in 
1879,  and  located  at  Brookings  at  the  starting  of  the  town ;  mar- 
ried to  Retta  E.  Stock  well,  of  Ills.,  and  has  one  son  and  one 
daughter. 

Geo.  W.  Hopp,  editor  and  propr.  Brookings  County  Press — 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1854;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Iowa. 
Published  the  "Corning  Union,  at  Corning,  Iowa.  Came  to  Foun- 
tain, Brookings  county,  in  December,  1878,  where  he  started  the 
County  Press;  moved  with  the  Press  to  Brookings,  Oct.  18,  1879. 
First  issue  of  the  Press  at  Fountain,  Feb.  20,  1879;  first  issue  at 
Brookings,  Oct.  2S,  1879;  started  the  Kingsbury  County  News  at 
DeSmet  in  March.  1880;  the  Hamlin  County  Times  at  Estelline 


360  BROOKINGS   lilOGRAPHIES. 

Mov.  of  the  same  year,  and  the  Lake  Preston  Times  in  Oct.  o£ 
present  year,  of  which  papers  he  is  still  the  proprietor;  m  June  of 

5 resent  year,  he  started  the   Huron  Tribune,  in   connection  with 
.  W.  Shannon.       Mr.  Hopp    is  also  P.    M.  at  Brookings,  and 
was  married  to  Edith  McBride,  of  Brookings  Co.,  in  Nov.,  1881. 

P.  C.  Johnson,  hardware — born  in  Norway,  in  1856;  came 
to  the  U.  S.  in  1867,  and  settled  in  Fillmore  Co.,  Minn.;  came  to 
Brookings  county  in  the  spring  of  1878,  and  to  Brookings  Feb. 
20,  1880,  where  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  business. 

L.  L.  Jones — probate  judge,  contractor  and  builder;  born  in 
Ontario  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1824;  moved  to  Pennsylvania  in  1839; 
thence  to  Chicago,  Ills.,  in  1871;  moved  to  Minnehaha  county, 
Dakota,  in  1878,  and  came  to  Brookings  in  the  fall  of  1879.  Mar- 
ried to  Elizabeth  J.  Hartwell,  of  New  York,  and  has  two  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

C.  A.  Kelsey,  M.  D. — firm  of  Kels^y  Bros.,  farming  machin- 
ery; born  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1847;  left  N.  Y.  in  fall 
of  1854,  and  went  to  Minnesota  in  the  spring  of  1856.  Graduated 
from  the  Chicago  Medical  College  in  the  spring  of  1875,  and  loca- 
ted at  Concord,  Minnesota;  came  to  Brookings  county  in  1878;  lo- 
cated at  Fountain  and  moved  to  Brookings  at  the  beginning  of  the 
town.  Married  to  Isabel  P.  Allen,  of  Maine.,  and  has  one  son  and 
two  daughters. 

G.  A.  Mathews — firm  of  Mathew^s  &  Scobey,  attorneys;  born 
at  Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  in  1852,  and  moved  to  Fayette,  Iowa,  in  1865; 
came  to  Brookings  in  1879;  married  to  Cora  M.  Thomas,  of  West 
Union,  Iowa. 

J.  M.  Miles — editor  and  proprietor  Sioux  Valley  Journal ;  born 
in  New  York  in  1848;  moved  to  Wisconsin:  thence  to  Minnesota; 
came  to  Brookings  in  the  spring  of  1880;  married  Ella  Greenwood, 
of  Mankato,  Minnesota,  and  has  one  daughter, 

C.  E.  Mudget — firm  of  Mudget  &  Roddle,  meat  market;  born 
in  Vermont  in  1852;  thence  to  Chicago  in  1859;  thence  to  Wis- 
consin. Came  to  Canton,  Dakota,  and  thence  to  Medary  in  July, 
1879;  came  to  Brookings  in  the  fall  of  the  latter  year. 

H.  H.  Natwick — firm  of  Nat  wick  &  Diamond,  attorneys;  born 
September  13,  1853,  in  Dane  county.  Wis.;  left  Wisconsin  in  July, 
1879,  and  came  to  Brookings  county;  married  to  L.  M.  Haskell,  of 
Wisconsin. 

F.  H.  Newton  county  surveyor;  born  in  Sherburne.  N.  Y., 
in  1843;  moved  to  Hennepin  county,  Minn.,  in  1855;  thence  in 
1875  to  Zumbrota,  Minn.  Came  to  l^rookings  county  in  1878; 
elected  county  surveyor  in  1880;  married  to  Mary  A.  AVoodward, 
of  Maple  Grove,  Minn.,  and  has  two  daughters. 

H.  T.  Odegard    -county   treasurer  and  firm  of  Thompson  & 


BROOKINGS  BIOGRAPHIES,  361 


Odegard,  farming  machinery;  born  in  Norway  in  1847;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1866  and  located  in  Wisconsin;  moved  to 
Wattenwan  county,  Minn.,  in  1877;  thence  to  Brookings  county, 
January  7,  1879;  held  offices  of  public  trust  in  Minnesota. 

C.  P.  Oefstos,  firm  of  Magnusseu  &  Oefstos,  general  mer- 
chandise—born in  Norway  in  1843;  came  to  the  TJ.  8.  in  the 
spring  of  1872,  and  located  in  LaCrosse,  Wis.;  came  to  Brookings 
in  July,  1881.  Married  to  Mary  Wolla,  of  Norway,  and  has  one 
son  and  three  daughters. 

Geo.  W.  Pierce,  groceries,  provisions,  and  crockery  born  in 
1838  in  Ohio;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Blinois;  thence  to  Iowa, 
and  came  to  Fountain,  Brookings  county,  in  the  fall  of  1878; 
came  to  Brookings  and  opened  the  first  stock  of  goods  in  the 
place  in  November,  1879.  Married  to  Delia  L.  Bartholomew,  of 
Ohio,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

B.  F.  Roddle,  firm  of  Mudget  &  Roddle,  meat  market — born 
in  1855  in  Wisconsin;  thence  to  Minnesota;  was  city  marshal  of 
Wauseca,  Minn.,  and  held  other  offices  in  that  county;  came  to 
Brookings  in  the  spring  of  188o.  Married  to  Olive  A.  Stevens, 
of  Wisconsin,  and  has  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

W.  H.  Roddle,  hardware — born  in  1850  in  Wisconsin;  thence 
in  1860  to  Minnesota;  came  to  Dakota  in  March,  1879,  and  to 
Brookings  Oct.  13th,  of  the  same  year.  Married  to  Fannie  R. 
Stevens,  of  Wisconsin,  and  has  one  daughter. 

Geo.  G.  Rude,  propr.  Christiana  House — born  in  Norway  in 
1856;  came  to  the  U.  S.  in  1870,  and  settled  in  Winneshiek  Co., 
Iowa;  thence  in  1878  to  Lyle,  Minn.;  came  to  Brookings  Co.  in 
September,  1878,  and  to  Brookings  in  May,  1880.  Married  to 
Jenny  0.  Rebne. 

T.  G.  Risum,  sheriff  of  Brookings  county — born  in  Rock 
county,  Wis.,  in  1848;  came  to  Brookings  county  in  1878;  was 
appointed  sheriff  in  the  summer  of  1880,  and  elected  to  that  office 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  Married  to  Carrie  Halverson,  of 
Fillmore  county,  Minn.,  and  has  one  daughter. 

Hon.  J.  O'B.  Scobey,  firm  of  Matthews  &  Scobey,  attor- 
neys— born  in  Scohirie  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1854;  thence  to  New 
Jersey;  thence  to  Iowa;  came  to  Brookings  county,  March  30, 
1879,  and  to  Brookings  in  the  fall  of  that  year.  Married  to  Myr- 
tle Walker,  of  Minnesota.  Mr.  Scobey  is  the  present  member 
of  the  Territorial  Council  from  this  district. 

W.  H.  Skinner — clerk  of  courts,  real  estate  and  loan  agency; 
born  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1851;  moved  to  Nashua,  Iowa,  in  1869; 
came  to  Brookings  county  in  1873,  and  to  Brookings  in  November, 
1879;  married  to  E.  A.  Laird,  of  Iowa,  and  has  three  sons  and  one 
daughter. 


362  VERMILLION    BIOGRAPHIES. 

(t.  L.  Smith — druggist;  born  in  1856,  in  Dodge  count^^  Wis.; 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Wanseca  county,  Minn.  Came  to  Me- 
dary,  Brookings  county,  in  May,  1877;  thence  to  Brookings  in 
November,  1879,  wliere  he  immediately  engaged  in  business  as 
above;  married  to  Gertrude  Cook,  and  has  one  daughter. 

J.  0.  Walker — proprietor  Brookings  house;  born  in  Trumbull 
county,  Ohio,  in  1835;  moved  to  Wisconsin,  and  thence  in  1863 
to  Minnesota.  Came  to  Brookings  county  in  1877,  and  to  the 
town  of  Brookings  in  July,  1880;  married  to  Elizabeth  Taylor,  of 
Massachusetts,  and  has  one  son  and  four  daughters. 


VERiVIlI^L,IO:\. 

I\ev.  J.  S.  Bascom — pastor  Congregational  church,  Vermillion, 
D.  T.  Was  born  in  Chicago  in  1845;  was  educated  at  Beloit  col- 
lege, Wisconsin;  graduated  iu  1866;  and  also  a  graduate  of  Chi- 
cago theological  seminary  in  1870.  His  first  locations  were  at 
Odell  and  Peru,  Illinois.  From  there  to  Vermillion,  Dakota,  in 
1880.  Married  Lora  E.  Whitney,  a  native  of  Massachusetts;  have 
two  children — Mabel  P.  and  Harry  W. 

L.  H.  Barron — Vermillion,  D.  T.  Born  in  Mount  Morris 
New  York,  in  1844;  he  came  to  Dakota  Territory  in  1876;  married 
Miss  Yeomans  in  186S. 

J.  W.  Belcher — was  born  in  Tompkins  county.  New  York,  in 
1846;  came  west  in  1879  and  settled  iir  Turner  cornty,  Dakota, 
where  Parker  i-;  now  located. 

C.  C.  Bridgman — was  born  iir  Hardwiek,  Vermoirt,  in  1846; 
came  west  in  1S74  and  located  in  Vermillion,  Dakota;  served  in 
the  army  in  the  1st  Vermont  artillery,  iu  the  army  of  the  Poto- 
mnc,  under  Colonel  Warner.  Has  beerr  county  superintendent  of 
Clay  county.  Dakota,  thr-ee  terms  (six  years).  Was  also  superirr- 
tendent  in  Vermont  two  years,  and  followed  teaching  six  year*s. 
Has  been  deputy  postmaster  the  past  severr  year's.  Married  M.  E. 
Hayward,  of  New  Lisborr,  VViscorrsin. 

F.  N.  Burdick — was  born  in  Windham  county,  Vermont,  iu 
1834.  Graduated  iu  medicine  at  the  University  of  Vermont,  in 
1859;  carne  west  to  Sycamore,  Illinois,  irr  1862;  then  went  into 
the  army  and  served  nine  months  as  assrstatrt  surgeon  of  the  88th 
Illinois.  After  that  he  moved  to  Elgin,  Illirrois,  whei-e  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  tlu'ee  years.  From  there  he  moved  back  to  the  east 
and  practiced  nredicine  irr  the  city  of  Pittstield  urrtil  the  latter  part 
of  1869,  when  he  enrbarked  irr  the  newspaper  busrness  irr  Lancas- 
ter, Pa.  Then  went  to  Philadelphia  wlrer-e  he  ran  a  grveirback  pa- 
per called  The  Lal)or  Tribune,  until  the  campaign  iu  the  fall  of 
1872.  In  1873  lie  nrovod  to  VermilHoTr.  D.  T.,  and  is  rrow  editor 
of  the  Vermillion  Republican,  and  also  practices  nredicine.  Since 
he  has  been  in  Vermillion    he   has  beerr   United   States  examining 


VERMILLION   BIOGRAPHIES.  ?63 

surgeon;  was  chairman  of  the  Vermillion  delegation  to  the  Terri- 
torial convention. 

A.  I.  Charrlin — born  in  Sweden  in  1840;  came  to  America  m 
1870,  and  settled  in  Iowa,  then  moved  to  Missouri;  from  there  back 
to  Iowa,  and  from  Iowa  to  Dakota.  Served  in  the  military  in 
Sweden,  five  years.  Married  Annie  Martha  Anderson,  of  Norway; 
have  four  children — Ole,  Johnnie,  Albert  and  Julius. 

Winthrop  Chandler — born  in  Courtlandt  county.  New  York,  in 
1810.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  in  18-il;  in  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa; 
thence  in  1877  to  Dakota;  he  married  Margaret  Grant  in  1857.  Mr 
Chandler  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  for 
some  time. 

H.  A.  Copeland — judge  of  probate;  born  in  Greenseth,  Ind., 
in  1S27;  came  to  Dakota  in  1871;  has  been  judge  of  probate  since 
1877;  married  Elizabeth  Head  in  1849;  they  have  six  children. 

C.  C.  Eves — was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  in  1839;  came 
west  in  1851,  and  located  in  Muscatine  county,  Iowa.  Served  in 
the  army  four  years  and  two  month-,  under  Col.  Hatch,  in  the  2d 
Iowa  cavalry,  in  the  army  of  the  Mississippi;  served  under  Gens. 
Grant,  Sherman  and  others.  Married  Rebecca  Lyon,  of  Indiana; 
have  three  boys — Lincoln  L.,  Henry  H.  and  Clyde  C. 

J.  W.  Grange — was  born  in  Iowa  in  1847,  June  20th;  came  to 
Dakota  in  1872;  married  Frances  Oakley,  a  native  of  Wisconsin;  have 
one  child,  named  Harry. 

H.  E.  Hansen — register  of  deeds;  born  in  Norway  in  1841; 
came  to  America  in  18(31.  His  first  location  was  in  Chicago,  but 
he  soon  after  removed  to  Columbia  county.  Wis.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  the  23d  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry  and  served  until 
close  of  war.  Came  to  Dakota  in  1872,  and  settled  in  Vermillion; 
was  elected  to  his  present  position  in  1876;  married  Lena  Alston,  a 
native  of  Norway;  they  have  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

N.  Hansen — was  born  in  Luxemburg  in  1848;  came  to  America 
in  1862  and  settled  in  Dubuque.  Came  to  Dakota  in  1872;  he  has 
served  as  town  treasurer  three  years,  and  Avas  city  alderman  three 
years.  He  married  Amelia  Zink,  of  Wurtemberg;  they  have  two 
children — Charles  T.  and  Albert. 

Jonathan  S.  Hart — was  born  in  Canada  West  in  1843;  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1855;  settled  in  Columbia  countv,  Wis  ; 
from  Wisconsin  he  came  to  Dakota  in  1874;  married  Marietta 
Woodworth,  a  native  of  Minnesota;  have  thie3  children — Carrie 
0.,  Manda  M.,  Charles  A. 

Frank  E.  Hayward — was  born  in  New  York  in  1853;  came 
west  with  his  parents  in  1858,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin.  From 
Wisconsin  he  came  to  Vermillion,  Dakota;  married  R.  C.  Bradford, 
of  Elgin,  Illinois;  have  lost  by  death,  one  child. 

Alfred  Helgeson — was  born  in  Sweden  in  1850;  came  to  Amer- 


364  VERMILLIOX   BIOGRAPHIES. 

ica  with  his  parents  in  1852,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin.  Went  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  received  his  education  and  studied  the  drug 
business.  From  there  went  to  New  York,  wliere  he  lived  five 
3'ears;  then  moved  to  Dakota,  arriving  there  in  1877. 

Conrad  Ilunn — was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  1856;  came 
to  Dakota  in- 1876.  Went  into  business  August  30,  1881.  He 
formerly  ran  a  meat  market  in  Springfield,  D.  T.  Married  Nora 
Robson,of  Dakota;  have  one  child,  named  Bell,  aged  six  months. 

Sivert  Johnson-  born  in  Norway  in  1852;  came  to  America 
in  1873,  and  settled  in  Vermillion,  Dakota.  Married  Caroline 
Skonhovd,  a  native  of  Norway;  have  one  son,  named  Justin  E. 

Hon.  John  L.  Jolley — born  in  Montreal,  Canada,  in  18-40;  in 
1857  he  came  to  Columbia  county,  Wisconsin;  in  1862  he  enlisted 
in  the  23d  Wisconsin  volunteer  infantry,  and  served  until  1865;  he 
then  came  to  Vermillion  and  was  engaged  in  the  land  office  until 
1873.  Although  not  an  office-seeker,  Mr.  Jolley  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature,  two  sessions  in  the  house  and  two  sessions 
in  council.  He  married  Harriet  J.  Grange,  a  native  of  Iowa. 
They  have  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

A.  H.  Lathrop — was  born  in  Racine,  Wisconsin,  in  1842;  then 
moved  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  from  there  to  Dakota,  where  he 
arrived  in  1868.  Served  in  the  army  thirteen  months  in  the  43d 
Wisconsin  volunteers,  under  Byron  E.  Paine;  Avas  sergeant  during 
the  time;  has  been  register  of  deeds  in  Vermillion.  Married  Mary 
E.  Winslow,  of  Wisconsin.  Have  four  children — Clara.  Hattie, 
Mary,  Dora. 

Ed.  Lackous — was  born  in  Norway  iulS46;  came  to  America 
in  1861;  settled  in  Storey  county,  Iowa.  Business  transacted  at 
the  rate  of  $600  per  month.  Has  served  in  the  official  capacity  of 
city  marshal  and  road  overseer.  Married  Julia  Lewis,  of  Norway; 
have  five  children — Minnie,  Stewart,  Lena,  Ed.,  infant. 

A.  E.  Lee — was  born  in  Norway  in  1847.  Came  to  America 
in  1850,  and  settled  in  Madison,  Wisconsin.  Came  to  Dakota  in 
186;>,  and  settled  in  Vermillion.  Married  Annie  Chappell,  a  na- 
tive of  Wisconsin;  have  one  child,  named  Jessie. 

John  Ledene — was  born  in  Sweden  in  1846;  came  to  America 
in  1868,  and  settled  in  Vermillion.  Married  Hannah  Nelson,  a 
native  of  Sweden;  have  one  child,  named  Carrie  S. 

C.  F.  Lotze — was  born  in  Ohio  in  1851;  came  west  in  1875, 
and  settled  in  Michigan;  thence  to  Vermillion,  D.  T.,  in  1879, 
where  he  embarked  in  the  jewelry  business.  Was  in  Vermillion 
at  the  time  of  the  ice  gorge,  and  suffered  great  losses  by  the  same. 

Martin  J.  Lewis — banker;  was  born  in  Orleans  count}'.  New 
York,  in  1843.  He  came  to  Columbia  county,  Wis.,  in  1845,  with 
his  parents;  in  1869  he  removed  to  Vermillion  and  in  company 
with  Mr.  Thompson  engaged  in  merchandising,  which  business  he 


VERMILLION"  BIOGRAPHIES.  365 

continued  until  1875,  when  lie  engaged  in  the  banking  business 
witb  Messrs.  Inman  and  Thompson,  establishiag  the  bank  of  Ver- 
million. 

A.  B.  Lovvrie — was  born  in  Scotland  in  1845;  came  to  Amer- 
ica Avith  parents  in  1846,  and  settled  in  New  York;  then  moved  to 
Pennsylvania;  thence  to  Wisconsin,  Fondulac  county;  and  from 
Wisconsin  to  Dakota  in  1872,  and  settled  at  Riverside;  came  to 
Vermillion  in  1880.  Served  four  and  one-half  years  in  the  army, 
under  Col.  C.  C.  Washburn.  Married  Delia  G.  Wilbur;  have 
three  children — Susie  G.,  Bell,  Frank  K.,  (Sophia,  age  8  years, 
died  February,  1881.)  Mr.  L.  is  also  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
City  Flouring  Mill. 

H.  J.  H.  Lunde — born  in  Norway  in  1847;  came  to  America 
in  1869;  settled  in  Whitew.ater,  Wis.;  came  to  Dakota,  August  8, 
1877.     Married  Frina  H.  Thoresen. 

James  H.  Lynch — was  born  in  Galena,  111.,  in  1853;  in  1868 
he  moved  to  Dakota:  in  1876  he  went  to  the  Black  Hills,  where 
he  has  been  engaged  in  mining  and  dealing  in  mining  stocks  until 
the  present  time,  1881.  He  married  Mary  J.  Lackey,  of  Canada, 
Province  of  Ontario.  He  has  served  three  years  as  deputy  sheriff 
in  the  Black  Hills,  and  also  three  years  as  deputy  assessor  in  that 
place. 

George.  H.  McDonald — sheriff  of  Clay  county,  D.  T.;  was 
born  in  Scotland,  eight  miles  from  the  city  of  Glascow,  in  Len- 
noxshire,  August  17th,  1846;  came  to  America  and  settled  in 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.:  from  Buffalo  he  moved  to  Canada;  thence  to 
Iowa;  thence  to  Dakota,  and  settled  in  Vermillion.  Have  been 
appointed  for  a  time  U.  S.  Deputy  Marshal  for  district  of 
Dakota;  has  been  city  marshal  here  for  three  years;  deputy  sheriff 
three  years  and  sheriff  three  terms.  He  married  Sarah  Burk,  of 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Bernard  Burk  of  Wis- 
consin. 

J.  E.  Norelius — was  born  in  Sweden  in  1857;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1869,  and  settled  permanently  in  Dakota. 

A.  S.  Oakley — was  born  in  Cayuga  coimty,  New  York,  in  1825; 
came  west  in  1853;  came  to  Vermillion,  D,  T.,  in  1869;  married 
Sarah  A.  Bellman  ;  have  two  children — Frances  0.  and  Charles  F. 

William  A.  Paul — was  born  in  New  York  in  1833;  came  west 
to  Wisconsin,  1845:  in  1878  moved  to  Dakota;  served  in  the  army 
three  years  and  two  months  under  General  Pope's  division;  was  a 
non-commissioned  officer;  married  Ruth  Hopkins,  of  W'isconsin; 
have  three  children — Alice  M.,  Eva  M.,  Henry  Arthur. 

William  Pendergast — station  agent,  Vermillion;  was  born  in 
Polo,  Ogle  county,  Illinois,  in  1860;  came  west  with  parents  and 
settled  at  Rockwell.  Iowa.     Came  to  Dakota  in  February,  1880; 


366  VERMILLION    BIOGRAPHIES. 

first  s':opped  nt  Canton  and  Sioux  Falls,  and  in  September,  1881' 
came  to  Vermillion. 

Andrew  Pickett — was  born  in  Canada,  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario,  1834;  came  to  Dakota  in  1869,  and  settled  in  Clay  county; 
married  Ellen  Knowles,  of  Maine;  have  three  children — Annie  M., 
Eleanor  J.,  John  F. 

George  G.  Porter — was  born  in  Maine,  Nov.  30,  1842;  came 
west  in  1867  and  settled  in  Dakota  in  1868;  served  in  the  army ^21 
months,  in  the  8th  Maine  infantry,  was  in  the  commissary  depart- 
ment most  of  the  time.  Has  been  county  commissioner  three 
years,  also  a  member  of  the  city  council.  Married  Julia  Russell, 
a  native  of  Vermillion,  D.  T.;  have  two  children — Orville  G.  and 
an  infant. 

A.  A.  Quarnbero; — born  in  Sweden  in  August,  1849;  came  to 
America  in  June,  1869,  and  settled  in  Clay  county,  Dakota:  married 
Lydia  M.  Norelius,  a  native  of  Sweden:  have  one  child,  named 
Roland  A. 

R.  M.  Rasmussen — was  born  in  Denmark  in  1834;  came  to 
America  in  1862  and  settled  in  New  York;  then  went  to  Boston. 
Served  in  army  three  months,  in  2d  Mass.  Cavalry,  "  Co.  L," 
when  he  was  discharged,  owing  to  an  injury  received:  then 
moved  to  Chicago;  thence  to  Omaha;  thence  to  Dakota.  Married 
Lina  Hansen,  a  native  of  Denmark:  have  three  children — Charley, 
Mary  and  Emma. 

Captain  J.  S.  Runyan-  was  born  in  Northumberland  county. 
Pa.,  Sept.,  1842;  came  west  in  1867,  and  settled  in  Sioux  City,  la.; 
in  1872  he  moved  to  Dakota,  and  engaged  in  the  livery  and  hotel 
business;  he  served  in  the  army  four  years,  in  the  "93d  Pa. 
Infantry,  Co.  H.,  Volunteers,'"  under  Col.  C.  W.  Eckman;  was 
Brevet  Captain.  He  married  S.  E.  Brewer,  a  native  of  Pa.:  have 
three  children     Charles  N.,  Sharpless  R.,  Bessie  C. 

B.  F.  Reeve — was  born  in  Canada  in  1844:  came  to  the  U. 
S.  in  1850  with  parents,  and  settled  at  Maquoketa,  Iowa;  came  to 
Dakota  in  August,  1878.  Was  postmaster  in  Iowa  two  years. 
Married  N.  Gertie  Smith,  of  Maquoketa,  Iowa:  liave  two  chil- 
dren— Alice  G.  and  Estella  B. 

G.  T.  Salmer — was  born  in  Norway,  in  1845:  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1866:  settled  in  Chicago  for  six  months:  then  moved  to 
Wisconsin:  thence  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  where  he  lived  three  years; 
he  then  moved  to  Dakota,  and  settled  in  Vermillion.  Served  in  the 
military  in  the"  old  country"  one  year.  Married  Sarah  Hansen, 
of  Norway:  have  two  children — ^Joseph  and  Clara. 

Prof.  Samuel  Seccombe,  principal  Vermillicm  High  Schools-- 
was  born  in  East  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  July  23d,  1855.  Is  a 
graduate  of  Amherst  College:  graduated  in  the  summer  of  1879; 
prior  to  that  he  attended  Phillips'  Academy:  has  been  teaching  in 


VERMILLION  BIOGRAPHIES.  367 

Colorado,  the   past  two  years.        Married  America  J.  Hinton,  a 
native  of  Kansas. 

T.  S.  Stanley — was  born  in  Vermont  in  1836;  came  west  in 
1852,  and  settled  in  Erie  county,  N.  Y.;  then  moved  to  Delevan, 
Wis.;  from  Wisconsin  Avent  to  Michigan,  and  settled  at  Mason; 
from  Michigan  he  moved  to  Dakota  in  1870.  Married  Maggie 
Newton,  of  N.  Y.;  have  five  children,  Mary,  Bertie,  Lyman,  Ray 
and  Carl. 

Wm.  Shriner,  county  treasurer  of  Clay  county,  Dakota — 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1822;  came  to  Dakota  ia  1861;  was 
elected  to  his  present  office  in  1876.  Married  Harriet  Pitman  in 
1859;  they  have  five  children. 

C.  G.  Shaw,  P.  M. — born  in  Galesburg,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1843;  came  to  Dakota  in  1866;  has  been  P.  M.  eight  and  one- 
half  years.  Married  in  1872  to  Abbie  M.  Laughton,  of  Maine; 
they  have  one  child. 

H.  E.  Vaughn — was  born  in  Hlinois,  in  Gennessee  county  in 
1852;  came  west  in  1851:  with  parents,  and  settled  in  Decatur 
county,  Iowa;  came  to  Dakota  in  1867;  he  is  now  (1881)  deputy 
sheriff  of  Clay  county;  he  married  Christine  Oleson,  of  Illinois; 
have  one  child,  named  Raymond  A. 

Geo.  Wheeler — was  born  in  Illinois,  in  1847;  from  Illinois  he 
went  to  Wisconsin;  thence  to  Omaha,  Nebraska;  thence  to  Dako- 
ta, he  served  in  the  army  two  years,  under  Sylvester,  of  Castle 
Rock,  Wis.,  in  the  12th  infantry;  he  was  with  Gen.  Sherman  in 
his  great  and  memorable  march;  he  married  Emily  Miirdock,  of 
Illinois;  they  have  three  children,  Ida,  Renuie  and  Mattie. 

George  Williams — was  born  in  Canada  in  1833;  came  to  the 
United  States  in  July  1872,  and  settled  in  Vermillion,  Dakota; 
married  Mary  Ann  Fletcher,  of  England;  have  seven  children — 
Davia,  Eliza,  Noah,  Alice,  George,  Edward,  Alfred,  Willis.  (Have 
buried  three  children,  named  Alice,  George  and  Gordon). 

J.  T.  White — was  born  in  Vermont  in  1824;  came  west  in 
1871,  and  settled  in  Dakota  in  1872;  has  been  tax  collector  for  city 
school;  he  married  M.  R.  Fox,  of  N.  Y.  state;  have  six  children — 
Amy  A.,  Bertha  M.,  Josiah  R.,  Edwin  M.,  Mabel  S.  and  Rose  P. 

Wm.  Spowage—  was  born  in  England  1827;  came  to  America 
in  1854,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania;  he  then  removed  to  Stephen- 
son county;  Illinois,  and  from  there  to  Dakota  in  1867;  he  served 
in  the  army  one  and  a  half  years  under  Gen.  Canby,  in  the  "47th 
Illinois  Infantry."  At  present  time  (1881)  is  chairman  of  the 
board  of  supervisors  for  the  town  of  Meckling;  has  also  been 
school  director  for  several  terms;  married  Ann  Cox,  of  England; 
have  three  children — Annie,  John  and  Nellie:  a  son,  Thomas,  was 
drowned  in  the  flood  in  the  spring  of  1881. 


368  YANKTON   BIOGRAPHIES. 

Edgar  J.  Anderson — born  in  England  in  1847;  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1850,  and  settled  with  his  parents  in  Hacine,  Wisconsin;  in 
1881  he  came  to  Yankton;  married  Miss  E.  Kirkman.  They  have 
three  children. 

J.  B.  Ashley  born  in  Indiana,  in  Warwick  county,  in  1856; 
came  west  in  1879,  and  settled  near  the  Jim  River,  in  Dakota;  came 
to  Yankton  and  established  a  meat  market  in  1881,  the  firm  name 
being  Maxwell  and  Ashley. 

J.  H.  Balmat — Avas  born  in  Ohio,  January  3d,  181:8;  came  to 
Kansas  City  in  1868,  in  I860  he  went  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  in 
1871  he  came  to  Dakota;  married  Mary  McMackin;  she  died  May 
the  8th,  1879;  have  two  children,  Jennie  M.  and  Joseph  L. 

Gen.  William  H.  Beadle— born  at  Kockville,  Ind..  in  1838; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  a  member  of  the  cele- 
brated class  of  1861,  nearly  all  of  whom  immediately  enlisted  in 
the  service  of  their  country  for  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  Subse- 
quently graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University  in 
the  class  of  1867;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  31st  Ind.  volunteer 
infantry,  in  1861;  promoted  First  Lieutenant,  Sept  3d.  1861;  Cap- 
tain November  9th,  1861;  Lieutenant  Colonel  1st  Michigan  sharjj- 
shooters,  November,  1862,  and  Colonel,  in  1863;  transferred  to 
Veteran  Reserve  Corps  for  disability,  caused  by  wounds  and  sick- 
ness June  14th.  1864;  Brevet  Lieutenant  Colonel  for  "gallantry 
in  defense  of  Washington;"  Colonel  for  "  gallant  and  meritorious 
services,"  and  Brigadier-General  for  ''  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices during  the  war;*'  Avas  private  secretary  to  Gov.  A.  AY.  How- 
ard, of  Dakota;  Surveyor-General  of  Dakota  from  1869  to  1873; 
commissioner  to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  Dakota  1875  and  '76; 
member  Dakota  legislature  in  1877;  since  February,  1870,  Terri- 
torial Superintendent  of  Instriu-tion:  married  to  Ellen  S.  Chap- 
man, of  Albion,  Michigan,  May  1863,  and  has  three  daughters. 
E.  A.  Odiorne — born  in  Vermont  m  1853;  came  west  in  1877,  and 
settled  in  Yankton;  engaged  in  his  present  business  in  1881. 

Hon.  Nehemiah  Ordway — Governor  of  Dakota;  a  native  of  War- 
ner, Merrimac  Co.,  N.  H.,  and  is  52  years  old:  Col.  Ordway  has 
led  a  very  active,  business  and  political  life,  engaging  when  quite 
young  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  has  subsequently  been  con- 
nected with  numerous  important  business  enterprises,  serving  for 
many  years  as  president  of  the  Kearsarge  National  and  Kearsarge 
Savings  Banks,  in  his  native  town;  in  1855  was  elected  Sergeant- 
at  Arms  in  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature,  and  afterwards  serv- 
ing a  clerk;  in  1857,  at  the  close  of  the  legislative  session,  was  ap- 
pointed High  Sheriff  of  his  native  county,  for  five  years,  which  po- 
sition he  resigned  in  1831  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Gmetal 
Mail  Superintendeut  for  the  New  Euglaiid  States;  in  1862  was 
commissioned  as  Colonel  by  the  (.Tovernor  of  New  Hampshire,  and 


YANKTON    KTOGRAPHIES.  369 

in  December,  1863,  was  elected  Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives  for  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
receiving  six  consecutive  elections  and  filling  that  office  for  twelve 
years;  at  the  close  of  the  last  session  of  the  Forty-Third  Congress 
Col.  Ordway  returned  to  New  Hampshire,  and  was  elected  from 
his  native  town  to  the  lower  House  of  the  New  Hampshire  legis- 
lature, and  was  re-elected  in  1876-'77,  and  also  served  during  that 
period  in  the  Constitutional  convention,  and  at  the  head  of  a  tax 
commissson  which  re-organized  the  whole  tax  system  of  the  state; 
was  elected  under  the  amended  constitution  in  November  1878,  to 
the  State  Senate  for  two  years;  during  the  fifteen  years  since  Col. 
Ordway  became  an  officer  in  the  National  House  of  Representa- 
tives he  was  connected  with  several  important  business  enterprises 
in  the  District  of  Columbia;  Col.  Ordway  was  appointed  Governor 
of  Dakota  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  bythe  death  of  Gov.  How- 
ard; his  nomination  was  reported  unanimously  from  the  Commit- 
tee on  Territories,  and  promptly  and  unanimously  confirmed  by 
the  United  States  Senate:  he  reached  Yankton  and  assumed  office 
June  27,  1880;  in  July  and  August  of  that  year  he  made  an  ex- 
tended tour  through  the  Territory,  and  aided  in  sending  an  elabo- 
rate exhibition  car,  containing  agricultural  and  mineral  products 
of  Dakota,  to  the  New  England  and  other  state  fairs  in  the  East- 
ern and  Middle  States;  his  report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
made  in  November,  1880,  gave  a  comprehensive  statement  of  the 
condition  of  the  Territory;  his  first  biennial  message,  delivered  in 
person  to  the  Legislative  Assembly,  containing  thirty-two  closely- 
printed  pages,  gave  a  complete  and  concise  history  of  the  condi- 
tion and  requirements  of  the  Territory;  his  recommendations  in 
regard  to  the  necessity  for  the  erection  of  an  Insane  Asylum  and 
a  Territorial  Penitentiary,  were  favorably  acted  upon  by  the  Leg- 
islative Assembly. 

Warren  Osborn — Deputy-Sherifi",  was  born  in  Erie  County, 
Ohio,  in  1840;  he  came  west  in  1855,  and  settled  in  Freeborn 
County,  Minnesota,  in  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Second 
Minnesota;  discharged  August  1, 1865,  he  returned  to  Minnesota 
and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business;  in  1866  he  removed  to 
Yankton;  in  1879  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position;  mar- 
ried to  Mary  J.  Thomas;  they  have  four  children 

H.  W.  Pike — grocer;  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1848;  in  1867  he 
came  west  and  located  in  Yankton ;  in  1 878  he  engaged  in  the 
grocery  business;  he  married  Sophia  Flick;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren, M.  C,  Harry  L.  and  an  infant. 

r  Piles — was  born  in  Ohio  in  1848;  he  came  to  Council  Bluffs 
and  lived  until  1873;  he  then  removed  to  Yanktoii  and  engaged  in 
his  present  business;  he  married  in  1873.  Miss  Florence  A.  King. 

Thaddeus  Pisek — comb-maker;  established  business  1879;  born 
in  Bohemia;  came  to  iVmerica  in  1869  and  settled  in  Dakota;  mar- 


\0  YANKTON"    BIOGRAPHIES. 


ried  Rosa  Moe,  of  Bohemia  ;    have  four  children — Annie,  Mary, 
Johanna,  Bowley. 

J.  P.  Redaelli — born  in  northern  Itally,  in  April  1825;  came 
to  America  in  1871 ;  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  old  country  in  the 
revolution;  married  Jane  Revell. 

Wm.  Reinhardt — city  marshal;  born  in  Wisconsin  in  1855;  in 
1878  he  came  to  Yankton  and  was  engaged  as  instructor  in  the 
Yankton  gymnasium;  he  married  in  1877;  he  has  one  daughter — 
Hattie. 

Owen  Bartlett — born  in  Ireland  in  1815,  in  1863  he  enlisted 
in  the  33d  Iowa,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  came  to 
Yankton  in  1865  and  was  engaged  in  the  liquor  business  until 
1870.     In  1873  he  engaged  in  his  present  business. 

John  0.  Bates — dealer  in  gents'  furnishing  goods;  born  in 
Milan,  Ohio,  in  1818;  came  to  Yankton  in  1870;  in  1873  he  en- 
gaged in  his  present  business. 

Dr.  Walter  Atwood  Burleigh-  a  native  of  Waterville,  Kenne- 
bec county,  Maine;  from  1861  to  1861  Dr.  Burleigh  Avas  agent  of 
the  Yankton  Indians,  and  from  1864  to  1868  was  delegate  to  Con- 
gress from  Dakota.  In  the  winter  of  1877  he  represented  Yank- 
ton county  in  the  upper  branch  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and 
was  chosen  president  of  the  council;  he  has  been  largely  engaged 
in  the  steamboating  trade  of  the  upper  Missouri,  having  owned  or 
been  interested  in  the  steamboats  Miner,  Carroll,  Black  Hills  and 
Gren.  Terry,  and  has  been  quite  prominently  identified  with  the 
history  of  the  tertory.  His  residence  is  still  at  Yankton,  although 
he  has  extensive  business  interests  at  Miles  City,  Montana. 

John  Becker — born  in  Germany  in  1836;  came  to  America 
in  1865.  and  the  following  year  settled  in  Yankton;  was  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  until  1871;  he  then  engaged  in  the  ho- 
tel business. 

Leo  Biermeyer — was  born  in  Germany,  in  1836:  came  to 
America  the  17th  day  of  June,  1866;  settled  in  Dakota  in  1869;  he 
married  Julia  tSchenk,a  native  of  Germany;  they  have  six  children, 
Emily,  Mollie,  Josephine,  Julia,  Johnnie  and  Lizzie. 

Hon.  S.  A.  Boyles — born  in  Indiana  in  1811;  was  educated  at 
the  State  University  in  July,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
18  Indiana;  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  in  the  spring  of  1862; 
resigned  in  the  winter  of  1864,  and  returned  to  Indiana;  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Illinois  in  1868,  elected  state  attorney  from  Clay 
county.  111.,  in  1872;  resigned  the  position  in  1874  and  removed  to 
Hudson  county;  in  1876  he  came  to  Yankton;  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  in  1880.  served  as  chairman  judiciary  committee.- - 
In  1869  he  married  Mattie  Dillin. 

Joseph  Bader — was  born  in  Germany  in   1832;   in  1852   he 


YANKTON  BIOGRAPHIES.  371 

came  to  America,  and  located  in  Galena,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in 
boot  and  shoe  trade;  in  1854  he  went  to  Wal)asha,  Minnesota,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business;  in  1874  he  went  to  St.  Paul,  where 
he  lived  nntil  1875;  he  then  removed  to  Yankton  and  opened  up 
the  Minnesota  Hotel. 

George  A.  Baker — was  born  in  Waukesha,  Wisconsin,  in  1847; 
came  west  and  settled  in  Minnesota  in  1854;  and  from  there  he 
came  west  with  Ben.  Hart's  army  train,  and  settled  in  Dakota; 
served  in  the  army  3  years  and  11  months  under  Robert  Cook;  was 
a  prisoner  fourteen  months  in  Andersonville  and  Bell  Islar)d;  afte 
he  came  out  he  received  a  commission  as  2d  Lieutenant;;  married 
Lottie  Stewart,  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas;  have  two  children,  George 
T.  and  Frances  L. 

John  Bramsen — born  in  Schleswig,  Germany,  in  1848;  camo 
to  America  in  1866;  settled  in  Yankton.  Dakota  Territory,  in  1870; 
married  Mary  Thompson;  have  four  children,  Eric,  Dick,  Freddie 
and  Katie.. 

Jacob  Branch — was  born  in  Switzerland  in  1826;  came  to 
America  in  1852,  and  settled  in  St.  Louis;  married  Annie  Brezhlel 
(who  died  in  1876);  then  married  Mary  Rizli;  have  eight  children, 
Adolph,  Emil,  Gust,  Robert,  Augustus.  Julius,  Albert  and  Frank. 
Mr.  Branch  served  in  the  army  in  the  old  country  two  years. 

Michael  Brennan — was  born  in  Ireland  the  19th  of  July,  1842; 
came  to  America  in  August,  1865,  and  settled  in  Council  Bluffs, 
Iowa;  came  to  Dakota  in  1877;  married  Kate  Walsh,  of  Yankton, 
D.  T. ;  have  one  child  named  Ann,  aged  live  months. 

W.  M.  Bristoll — princip:d  of  public  schools;  was  born  in  Con- 
necticut in  1839;  he  is  a  graduate  of  Yale  College  of  1860;  in  1864 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  13th  Wisconsin  Light  Battery;  he 
was  promoted  2,1  Lieutenant,  and  then  1st  Lieutenant;  and  after- 
wards detailed  to  go  to  the  ordnance  department  at  New  Orleans; 
he  remained  in  New  Orleans  a  year  and  a  halt  after  tlie  close  of 
the  war;  he  then  entered  the  Th-'ological  Seminary  of  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  remaining  two  years;  he  soon  alter  located  at  Ripon, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  five  years  as  Profet^sor  of  Latin  of 
Ripon  College;  from  there  he  went  to  Atlanta,  Georgia;  thence  he 
came  to  Yankton;  he  married  Rose  E.  Olds,  of  Minnesota. 

W.  H.  H.  Brown — dentist;  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1840; 
came  wetst  in  1879,  and  located  in  Yankton;  he  is  one  of  the  lead- 
ing dentists  of  the  city;  mirried  in  1876  to  Miss  Adella  Van  Tas- 
sel, a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 

Chas.  Broderson — born  in  Prussia  in  1834;  served  one  year  in 
Prussian  war,  and  eiiiliteen  months  iii  the  Danish  army,  receiving 
a  medal  from  the  King  of  Denmark  for  bravery  in  the  wiir  of  1864; 
he  came  to  Yankion  in  1869,  and  went  into  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness; in  1873  he  engaged  in  hotel  busintss. 


372  YANKTON  BIOGRAPHIES. 

H.  J.  Brisbine — born  in  Ohio  in  1825;  came  to  Yankton  and 
opened  first  farm  west  of  Yankton;  has  held  the  office  of  Judge  of 
Probate  and  other  county  offices;  he  has  seven  children;  Milton 
and  H.  E.  reside  in  Yankton;  H.  E.  holding  a  responsible  position 
in  the  store  of  Jacob  Max. 

F.  Burgi — born  in  Monroe.  Green  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1855; 
November  17,  1875,  moved  to  Dubuque,  where  he  lived  one  .>ear; 
from  thence  lie  moved  to  Dakota  Territory,  and  settled  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Yankton;  he  married  Leora  J.  llyan,  of  Indiana,  after- 
wards of  Dubuque;  have  one  child  eight  months  old,  named  Fred- 
die. 

Gottfried  Burgi — was  torn  in  Switzerlanrl,  city  of  Berne,  in 
1845;  came  to  America  in  1868,  and  settled  in  Monroe,  Wisconsin; 
lived  in  Chicago  three  years;  then  came  to  Dakota;  he  marripd 
Mary  Korth;  they  have  five  chidlren,  Rosa.  Henry,  Adolph,  Ella 
and  Louisa. 

John  Campbell — of  the  Yankton  iron  works;  born  in  Eng- 
lanrl,  and  in  1869  he  came  to  America,  and  locatf^d  in  Sioux  City  in 
1872;  he  removed  to  Yankton  in  1864;  he  married  Ann  Huun; 
they  have  five  children,  Susan,  Joseph,  John,  Martha  and  Robert. 

Joseph  Campbell — foundry  and  machinist;  born  in  England; 
he  cnme  to  America  in  company  with  his  brothers;  in  1866  he 
married  Helen  Eastoe;  they  have  five  children,  Joseph  H.,  Chas  A., 
Charlotte  A.,  John  and  Constance  E. 

Felix  Cariveau — born  in  Canada  in  1837;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1853;  settled  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  came  to  Dakota  in 
1876;  served  in  the  army  four  years  under  Gen.  Thomas;  married 
Elizabeth  Conle}',  a  native  of  Delaware;  iiave  four  children, 
Blanche  A.,  Mary,  Lillian  and  Robert. 

Walter  H.  Carr — born  in  England  in  1818;  came  to  America 
in  1851;  settled  in  Utica,  New  York;  came  west  in  the  spring  of 
1867.  and  settled  in  Yankton,  Dakota  Territory;  established  busi- 
ness in  Yankton  in  1876;  served  in  the  army  eighteen  months  in 
Hancock's  2d  corps;  manied  Lizzie  Allen,  a  native  of  England; 
have  two  boys,  Allen  C.  and  Lewis  E. 

Hon.  L.  Congleton — probate  judge;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1818;  until  1855  he  was  employed  by 
the  Pt'unsylvania  Canal  Company;  he  then  removed  to  Central 
L)wa;  he  soon  after  removed  to  Spirit  Lake,  Iowa,  and  was  elected 
judge  of  probate,  which  position  he  held  until  1861,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Yankton;  in  1866,  was  appointed  court  commissioner;  he 
held  the  office  until  October  1,  1881;  in  1876  he  was  elected  pro- 
V>ate  judge  of  Yankton  county,  which  position  he  still  holds;  in 
1839  he  married  Rose  Stewart;  they  have  two  daughters. 

D.  B.  Cooley — was  born  in  New  York,  Otsego  county,  in  1841; 
came  west  in  18j8  and  settled  in  Illinois;  came  to  Dakota  in  1867. 


YANKTON  BIOGRAPHIES.  337 


He  made  the  first  set  of  harness  ever  made  in  Dakota  Territory;  he 
made  the  first,  and  only,  horse  colar  ever  made  in  the  Territory, 
and  also  built  the  first  brick  house  in  the  Territory.  He  married 
Minnie  Chamberlain,  of  New  York;  they  have  two  children,  Mat- 
tie  T.  and  George  H,  Mr.  Cooley  was  the  youngest  Justice  of  the 
Peace  ever  elected  in  New  York,  which  office  he  held  three  years. 

W.  H.  Curtis — born  in  New  York  in  1849;  came  to  Yankton 
in  1868,  and  was  engaged  in  various  pursuits  until  1881,  when  he 
became  proprietor  of  the  Brajlley  House.  Married  in  1866  to  Miss 
C.  M.  Tarbox,  a  native  ot  New  York;  have  four  children,  Hattie 
B.,  Charles  F.,  Dora  A.  and  Cora  F. 

W.  B.  Dean — freight  and  ticket  agent  for  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Raih'oad;  was  born  in  Illinois;  in  1881,  he  mar- 
ried Minnie  Morrill. 

F.  K.  DeLong — was  born  in  Ohio  November  17th.  1854;  came 
to  Illinois  at  the  age  of  two  years,  where  he  received  his  schocjling; 
from  Illinois  he  went  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1881  came  to  Dakota 
Territory,  where  he  fettled  permanently;  married  Jennie  Macken- 
zie, a  native  of  Canada. 

T.  S.  Dickson-county  superintendent;  born  in  Glengary  county, 
Canada,  in  1848;  he  practiced  law  in  Chicago  seven  years;  in  1676 
he  came  to  Yankton;  taught  school  two  years,  and  wassubsequenly 
elected  count}'  superintendent  of  Yankton  county. 

R.  A.  Dickson — borii  in  Glengary  county,  Canada,  in  1852;  in 
1876  he  went  to  Black  Hills;  in  1879  he  returned  to  Yankton, 
and  is  at  present  engaged  in  teaching. 

H.  D.  Dodge — dentist;  born  in  New  York  in  1849;  was 
brought  up  in  the  mercantile  business  uutil  1868;  studied  medi- 
cine one  and  a  half  years  in  Syracuse,  New  York;  then  studied 
dentistry  and  located  in  Dubuque,  where  he  practiced  four  years; 
and  located  in  Yankton  in  1875. 

James  Donahue — born  in  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1842; 
came  west  in  1869,  and  settled  in  Dakota;  married  Mary  A.  Walsh, 
of  Wisconsin;  have  two  children.  Tommy,  aged  eleven,  and  Nellie, 
aged  six. 

E.  C.  Dudley — !;alesman  for  Richey;  born  in  Illinois  in  1845; 
came  to  Yankton  in  1869;  following  year  he  engaged  in  hardware 
business,  and  continued  until  1878;  ho  married  Miss  Ruch;  they 
have  four  children,  Edna,  Mabel,  Houora  and  Julia. 

Hon.  Newton  Edmunds — born  in  Niagara  county.  New  York, 
May  31,  1819;  moved  to  Washtenaw  county,  Michigan,  in  1832; 
came  to  Yankton,  Dakota,  in  1861,  as  chief  clerk  in  the  Surveyor 
General's  office;  was  appointed  Governor  of  Dakota  in  August, 
1863,  which  position  he  held  until  Septeml)er,  1866,  when  he  en- 
gaged extensively  in  farming  and  sheep  raising;  engaged  in  the 
banking  business  in  Yankton  in  1873,  which  business  is  still  con- 


374  YANKTON"    BIOGRAPHIES. 

tinned,  the  firm  beinfr  Edmunds  &  Wynn,  Leighton  Wynn,  of 
Pennsylvania,  being  the  junior  member  thereof;  married  in  1848 
to  Margaret  E.  Ileartt,  of  Mit-hiiian,  and  has  three  sons  and  one 
daughter:  in  1876  he  was  a  nieml)er  of  the  Government  (Jommis- 
sion  which  made  the  successful  treaty  wiHi  the  Sioux  Indians,  the 
result  of  which  was  the  opening  of  the  Bhick  Hills  to  white  iuimi- 
gration;  at  the  time  of  his  occupnncy  of  the  chief  expcntive's  office 
the  governor  of  Dakota  was  ex-oflicio  Superintendent  of  Indian 
Affairs,  and  consequently  in  that  ca[>acity  Gov.  Edmunds  had 
charge  of  all  the  Indians  in  the  Territory.  In  this  position  in 
1865,  he  made  peace  with  all  the  Sioux,  and  also  between  the  lat- 
ter and  other  Indians;  the  first  general  p^ace  made  after  the  Min- 
nesota massacre  of  1862  Probably  no  other  man  in  the  country 
has  had  greater  experience  in  Indian  negotiations  than  Gov.  Ed- 
munds and  certainly  no  other  person  has  managed  so  many  such 
negotiations  Avith  so  great  success.  The  Governor  has  also  held 
numerous  minor  positions  of  public  trust. 

Miss  B.  Eickhoff — dress  maker;  born  in  Illinois  in  1858;  in  1872 
went  to  Nebraska;  in  1879  came  to  Yankton. 

Chas  Eiseman — dealer  in  dry  goods  and  clothing;  born  in 
Baden,  Germany,  in  1835;  came  to  America  in  1850;  in  1S68  he 
came  to  Yankton,  and  engaged  in  drv  goods  trade  in  company  with 
his  brother;  he  married  in  1866  to  Miss  Lehman. 

L.  H.  Eliot — born  in  New  York  State  in  1826;  came  west  in 
1858;  first  settled  in  Indiana;  in  1864  he  moved  to  Yankton,  Da- 
kota Territory;  he  was  three  months  in  the  Quarter  Master's  de- 
partment in  Chattanooga  as  a  civilian;  has  been  deputy  sherifitwo 
terras;  married  Mary  Tredway,  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

Ephriam  M.  Epstein — M.  D.;  born  near  Russia;  was  educated 
in  Europe  and  America;  he  graduated  at  Andover  (Mass.)  Theo- 
logical Seminar}',  and  the  college  of  physicians  and  surgeons,  of 
the  state  of  New  York;  came  to  Dakota  Teriitory  in  1881;  prior 
to  this  he  lived  in  Ohio  twelve  years;  married  Helene  Greyer,  of 
Hanover;  have  two  children,  Frieda  and  Julia;  served  in  the  Aus- 
train  navy  in  the  year  1866,  in  the  campaign  r gainst  Italy;  was  re- 
ceived there  on  his  American  diploma  (a  very  unusual  thing);  he  is 
a  thorough  American,  but  still  has  a  bond  of  sympathy  for  his 
mother  country.  Russia. 

D.  Frank  Etter — M.  D.;  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1835;  began 
the  practice  of  medicnie  in  18 'i6;  in  1855  he  came  to  Illinois,  and 
in  1873,  to  Yankton;  is  U.  S.  examining  physician. 

J.  W.  Evans — was  born  in  Ohio,  Wayne  county,  January  17, 
1832;  came  west  in  1850,  and  settled  in  Indiana;  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  that  came  to  Dakota;  he  came  from  St.  Paul  with 
Dakota  Land  Company,  of  which  he  was  a  member;  this  was  the 
pioneer  party;  in  1857  he  went  to  Minnesota;  the  same  year  he 
moved  to  Dakota;  served  in  the  provost  service;  his  wife  died  Feb- 


YANKTON"    BIOGRAPHIES.  375 

rufiry  19,  1857;  her  maiden  name  was  Maria  McMuUen;  have  one 
child  named  Irene  E. 

Hon.  Andrew  J.  Fanlk — born  November  26, 1814,  at  Mil  ford, 
Pike  county,  Pennsylvania;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Kittan- 
ning,  Armstrong  county,  Pennsylvania;  came  to  Dakota  in  Octo- 
ber, 1861,  and  became  trader  at  the  Yankton  Indian  agency,  which 
post  he  afterwards  sold  to  C.  and  D.  Hedges,  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa; 
returning  to  Kittanning.  Pennsylvania,  he  embarked  in  the  oil 
business  in  Oil  City  from  the  summer  of  1S6J-,  to  1866;  was  super- 
intendent of  the  Latonia  Coal  Company,  of  New  Yoik,  (which 
company  he  helped  to  organize)  and  also  helped  organize  the  Pax- 
ton  Oil  Company,  of  West  Pithole,  Pennsylvania;  during  his  op- 
erations in  the  oil  regions  he  assisted  in  sinking  some  eighteen  dif- 
ferent oil  wells,  meeting  with  but  indifferent  financial  success, 
however;  was  appointed  governor  and  superintendent  of  Indian 
affairs  for  Dakota.  August  4,  1866,  and  continued  in  this  at  that 
time  arduous  position  until  May,  1869;  was  editor  of  the  Arm- 
strong (Pa  )  Democrat  from  1837  to  1843,  and  has  filled  various 
public  positions  in  that  state;  was  mayor  of  Yankton  from  the 
spring  of  1871  to  the  spring  of  1872,  and  ofBciated  at  the  public 
reception  of  Senator  Hannibal  Hamlin,  of  Maine,  upon  tue  latter's 
visit  to  Yankton,  during  his  occupancy  of  the  mayoralty;  has  been 
clerk  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Second  Judicial 
District  for  the  past  eight  years,  and  is  Unitpd  States  commission- 
er; is  a  great  grandson  of  Gen.  Daniel  Broad  head,  of  Pennsylvan- 
ia, of  Revolutionar}^  fame;  married  November  26,  1835,  to  Char- 
lotte McMath,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  one  son  and  five  daugh- 
ters, among  the  members  of  his  family  being  Hon.  W.  A.  Burleigh, 
his  son-in-law;  was  for  about  eight  years  president  of  the  Dakota 
Bar  Association;  took  a  large  delegation  cf  Brules,  Yanktons, 
Yanktonnais  and  Santees  to  Washington  in  1867,  and  has  had 
great  experience  in  Indian  affairs. 

Phil.  K.  Faulk — born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1840;  enlisted  in 
1'61  in  the  11th  Pennsylvania  infantry;  was  discharged  three 
months  later;  he  then  re-enlisted  and  served  until  Jan.  3,1863; 
he  re-enlisted  again  in  54th  Pennsylvania  state  militia;  commis- 
sioned 2d  lieutenant  of  company  C;  mustered  out  in  August,  1863; 
and  re-enlisted  in  the  11th,  February  29,  1864;  on  the  6th  day  of 
May,  at  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  he  lost  his  right  arm;  in 
1865  he  came  to  Yankton,  and  was  employed  in  surveyor  gener- 
al's office  as  messenger;  he  remained  there  until  1871,  reading  law 
during  the  time  under  Gen.  Tripp;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869; 
married  in  1879,  to  Rachael  A.  Poulton,  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

II.  H.  Fellows — born  in  Troy,  New  York,  in  1849;  came  west 
in  1867:  settled  in  Dakota  in  1878. 

John  M.  Fogarty — was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1845; 
came  to  Yankton  in  1871;  served  in  the  army  three  years,  in  the 
5th  Maryland  regiment;  married  Martha  W.  Ridell,  of  Pa.;  has 
been  a  member  of  the  city  council. 


YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES. 


J.  L.  Foskott — was  born  in  New  York  in  1844:;  came  west  in 
1866,  and  settled  in  Iowa;  in  1S72  became  to  Dakota  Territory; 
was  postmaster  about  ten  years,  and  has  served  as  president  of  the 
council  of  the  city  oi.  Yankton;  married  Lovina  Nestle,  of  New 
York;  have  five  children,  Lewis,  Willie,  John,  Minnie  and  Charley. 

R.  J.  Gamble— born  iu  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.;  moved  with 
his  brother,  in  1862,  from  New  York  to  Wisconsin;  remained 
there  until  1875,  when  he  removed  again  to  Yankton,  and  engaged 
in  law  with  his  brother,  under  the  tirm  name  of  Gamble  Bros.;  he 
has  held  oliice  of  district  attorney. 

.J.  R.  Gamble— born  in  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.;  located  in 
Y'^ankton,  1873;  was  district  attorney  from  January  1, 1875,  to  Jan- 
uary 1,  1876,  and  was  acting  U.  S.  attorney  after  the  death  of 
Col.  Pond  until  his  successor  was  elected;  member  of  Territorial 
Legislaturein  1879  and^USSO;  elected  to  Territo-iial  Council  in  1881; 
has  been  a  member  of'  the  Territorial  republican  committee  for 
several  yeaes;  married  in  1875  to  Miss  Fannie  Davis;  they  have 
two  children. 

John  E.  Gillespie— was  born  in  New  Orleans,  April  1,  1814; 
was  raised  in  St.  Louis,  and  spent  seventeen  years  in  Texas;  came 
to  Dakota  in  1>79;  married  L(4la  Cartwright,  of  Tennessee;  they 
have  five  children,  M.  Olivia,  Emma  J.,  L.  Ella,  William  and  Lula; 
Mr.  G.  was  in  the  United  States  service  in  Texas  as  a  ranger. 

Wilson  S.  Goodwin— was  born  iu  Newport,  Mich.,  in  1843; 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1854;  from  Wisconsin  he  went  to  Mini^eso- 
ta,  where  he  lived  ten  years;  he  then  moved  to  Dakota;  served  in 
the  ariny  three  years,  under  Col.  Cobb,  of  the  5th  Wisconsin;  he 
went  through  the  regular  gradations  from  private  to  captain. 

Fred  Hammond — manager  of  the  Singer  Sewing  Machme 
Company  for  Yankton;  born  in  England;  came  to  America  in  1870; 
located  in  Yankton  in  1879. 

Hon.  Geo.  H.  Hand— born  at  Akron,  Summit  county,  0.,  Aug. 
9,  183.";  moved  to  Portage,  Wis.,  iu  1850.  where  he  read  law  with 
his  father,  Alvah  Hand  "Esq.;  was  admitted  to  the  practice  ot  the 
profession  in  the  spring  of  1859;  I'rom  Portage  he  went  to  St.  Jos- 
eph, Mo.,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  for  a  short  time,  mov- 
ing thence  to  McGregor,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  in  the  practice 
about  two  and  a  half  years;  he  afterwards  enlisted  at  Chicago  as  a 
private  in  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  Battery,  and  served  about 
one  year;  came  to  Yankton  in  Nov.,  1865.  and  in  March,  1866, 
was  appointed  U.  S.  Attorney  for  Dakota,  which  position  he  held 
until  May,  1869,  until  which  latter  year  he  was  engaged  in  a 
law  partnership  with  the  Plon.  S.  L.  Spink,  lately  deceased;  in 
186r  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Hon.  G.  C.  Moody,  which 
continued  until  the  spring  of  187-2,  when  Mr.  Hand  was  appointed 
Register  of  the  newly  established  U.  S.  Land  OtHce  for  the  Yank- 
ton district;  this  position  he  occupied  until  Nov.  1,  1874,  when  he 


YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES,  377 

was  transferred  to  the  Secretaryship  of  the  Territory,  which  office 
he  has  ever  since  held,  and  in  which  capacity  he  has  been  frequent- 
ly called  upon  to  be  Acting  Governor  of  Dakota;  has  held  in  ad- 
dition a  number  of  minor  offices. 

C,  J.  B.  Harris — law  and  real  estate;  born  Feb.  2,  1844,  at  Dan- 
ville, Vt  ;  moved  to  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  in  March,  1870,  and 
came  to  Yankton,  July  7,  of  the  same  year;  was  superintendent  of 
schools  for  two  years  in  Vermont,  and  assistant  clerk  of  the  Ver- 
mont House  of  Representatives  in  1863;  served  in  the  6th  Ver- 
mont regiment  from  Dec.  30,  1861,  throughout  the  entire  war;  has 
been  U.  S.  Commissioner  at  Yankton;  is  at  present  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  has  held  other  minor  official  positions; 
was  appointed  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  Commissioner  to  revise 
the  laws  of  Dakota  in  1873;  married  in  1881  to  Mary  Noonan,  of 
Yankton  cuunty. 

Nils  0.  Hove — born  in  Norway  in  1835;  came  to  America  in 
1870,  and  settled  in  Dakota  Territory;  married  Mina  Stavlo  in 
1862;  have  six  children,  John,  Ida,  Leina,  Mary,  William  and 
Fena. 

Geo.  E.  Hawley — born  in  Wise  Jiisin  in  1850;  came  to  Yank- 
ton in  1872;  in  1874  he  enq;aged  in  the  hardware  business;  in  1876 
he  married  Mrs.  D.  K.  Dudley. 

R.  T.  Hoyt— born  in  NeAv  York  City  in  1833;  came  west  in 
1839  with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  Indiana;  in  1860  he  came  to 
Yankton;  from  there  he  wpnt  to  Sioux  City,  v/here  he  remained 
until  1865;  then  again  to  Yankton,  and  was  in  charge  of  the  busi- 
ness house  of  L.  D.  Palmer;  has  been  in  various  businesses  until 
1876,  when  he  engaged  in  his  present  business;  married  Mary  E. 
Gurnev,  of  Watertown,  Wis.;  they  have  five  children,  M.  T.,  Annie 
E.,  R.  T.,  Mary  T.  and  E.  C. 

H.  F.  Jeucks — was  born  in  New  York  in  1828;  he  came  to 
Missouri  Valley  Junction  in  1873,  and  engaged  in  hotel  business; 
two  years  later  his  hotel  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  he  went  to 
Sioux  City,  where  he  kept  the  D^pot  Hotel;  in  1877  he  came  here, 
and  has  since  been  proprietor  of  Jencks  Hotel. 

Carl  Jensen — of  the  firm  of  Jensen  &  Olson,  liquor  dealers; 
was  born  in  Norway  in  1846;  he  came  to  America  in  1871,  and 
settled  in  Yankton;  he  was  engaged  in  various  pursuits  until  1876, 
when  he  engaged  in  his  present  business. 

E.  J.  Jenkinson — was  born  in  Wisconsin,  January  23,  1863; 
went  to  Minnesota  in  1865;  came  to  Dakota  Territory  in  1873, 
and  settled  in  Yankton  permanently. 

L.  M.  Kee — born  in  West  Virginia  in  1836;  brought  up  in 
the  mercantile  trade;  in  1854  he  came  to  Quincy,  111.;  he  removed 
to  Iowa  in  1861,  and  in  1872  to  Yankton. 

W.  F.  Lauman — was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  on  the  6th  of  No- 


378  YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES. 


vember,  1S53;  came  west  in  1872;  settled  in  Yankton  in  1873; 
traveled  some  before  he  came  here;  married  Lora  A.  Ardery  on  the 
30th  of  Jnne,  1880;  have  one  child,  named  Silene  A. 

Fred.  Lerch— was  born  in  Germany  in  1838;  in  18fi5  he  came 
to  America,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia;  from  there  to  Milwaukee; 
thence  to  Chicago,  and  in  1873  he  came  to  Yankton;  he  was  mar- 
ried in  1871,  and  has  lour  children;  Katie,  Louisa,  Amelia  and 
Fred. 

D.  M.  Lowell— born  in  Michigan  in  1813;  practiced  law  in 
Romeo,  Mich.,  fourteen  years. 

Capt.  W.  S.  Lyons— born  in  Ohio  in  1842;  educated  at  Oberlin 
college;  employed  on  the  lakes  for  twenty-two  jears;  for  eleven 
years  as  master  of  different  brigs;  married  in  1871  to  Miss  C.  A. 
Barrager,  of  Canada;  they  located  in  Yankton  in  1875,  and  engag- 
ed in  the  millinery  business. 

John  Martin— born  in  Scotland  in  1841;  he  came  to  America 
in  1850,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  was  married  in  1865  to  Mary  L. 
Jeakins;  they  have  two  children. 

Jacob  Max— born  in  Russia;  came  to  America  in  1873,  at  the 
head  of  a  colony  of  one  hundred  and  eight  Russian  families:  forty 
families  settled  in  Nebraska;  the  balance  in  Dakota  Territory;  he 
settled  in  Yankton  in  1873,  and  engaged  in  present  business;  mar- 
ried in  1854  to  Barbara  Schweyer;  they  have  seven  children;  Mar- 
tin, John,  Emanuel,  Emil,  Pauline,  Amelia  and  William. 

W.  J.  Maxwell— born  in  Wisconsin  in  1857;  then  went  to 
Illinois  some  years  after;  thence  to  Dakota  Territory,  where  he  ar- 
rived in  July,  18u6;  established  business  in  1881. 

D.  McDevitt— born  in  Ireland,  in  March,  1844;  came  to 
America  in  April,  1866;  settled  in  Yankton,  D.  T.,  in  1869. 

F.  W.  Moldenheauel — was  born  in  Germany  in  1854;  came  t® 
America  in  1873,  and  located  in  Yankton,  and  engaged  in  the 
stock  business;  is  at  present  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  tow, 
the  only  manufacture  of  the  kind  in  Dakota. 

E.  S.  Mosher— born  in  Saratoga  county,  N.  Y.,  the  3d  of  June, 
1815;  from  New  York  he  came  to  Winnebago  county.  Wis., 
whern  he  lived  for  twenty  years;  in  July,  186),  he  moved  to  Da- 
kota; was  postmaster  at  Utica  P.  0.,  for  seven,  years;  he  married 
Christina  Hicks  (she  died  Jan..  1877);  he  has  five  children;  Sim- 
eon, Emeline,  Mary,  Nettie  and  J.  Eliza. 

J.  C.  Mormann — was  born  in  Germany  in  1847;  came  to 
America  in  1873,  and  settled  in  Ne\)raska;  in  1874  he  moved  to 
Yankton,  D.  T.;  he  married  Annie  Haberman;  they  have  one 
child  named  Clara. 

W.  H.  Munroe— born  in  Bristol,  R.  I.;  came'  west  in  1876, 
settled  in  Yankton,  D.  T.;  served  in    the    army    fourteen    months 


YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES.  379 

under  Foster;  married  Augusta  N.  Brooks,  of  Vermont;  have  one 
snn,  Frank,  age  twenty-one;  Mr.  Munroe  was  a  commissioned 
ofBcer  five  months. 

S.  J.  Morrow — was  born  in  Ohio,  May  3,  1843;  came  west  to 
Madison.  Wis.,  in  1854;  served  in  the  army  four  years  and  three 
months,  in  the  7th  Wisconsin  Regiment  of  Vohinteers,  under  Gen. 
Callis;  Mr.  Morrow  has  exposed  himself  to  great  pnrsonal  dangers 
and  endured  all  kinds  of  hardships  in  order  to  obtain  views  of  Gi^n. 
Caster's  memorable  battle  field,  and  the  spot  where  he  fell.  Has 
views  of  scenes  on  Gen.  Crooks  battle  fields;  Indian  views  taken 
during  the  Sitting  Bull  campaign;  also  views  of  the  ice  gorge  on 
the  Missouri  in  the  spring  of  1881,  which  views  can  be  had  by  ad- 
dressing him  at  Yankton,  Dakota  territory.  He  married  Isadore 
Ketchum,  of  Portage  City,  Wisconsin;  have  three  children — 
Nellie,  Percy  and  Earl. 

Frederick  Neubauer — was  born  in  Odessa,  Russia,  in  1840; 
settled  in  D.  T.  the  6th  of  September,  1874;  married  Eustina  By- 
erly;  have  six  children — Carrie,  Fred,  Ferdinand,  Amelia,  Willie, 
Richard. 

P.  J.  Nyberg — ^Yankton,  D.  T.;  born  in  Sweden  in  1857; 
came  to  America  in  1^72  and  settled  in  Dakota;  married  Seina 
Mathia  in  1875;  have  two  children — Mamie  and  Ernest  F. 

C.  J.  Reitzpll — was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1837;  came  with 
his  parents  to  Freeport,  Illinois;  came  to  Dakota  in  1879;  married 
Bell  Scott,  of  Erie,  Pennsylvania;  have  two  boys,  Walter  S.  and 
Charles  F. 

Jacob  Richenberger — was  born  in  Germany  in  1831;  came  to 
America  in  1881;  served  in  the  military  in  1872;  married  Mary 
Haeeder;  have  three  children — one  girl  and  two  boy?. 

John  A.  Richards — miller — born  in  Wales  in  1842;  came  to 
America  in  1864  and  located  in  Ohio;  he  came  to  Dakota  in  1869; 
married  in  1S63  to  Jane  Gritfith;  have  one  son — Edward. 

Wm.  Roantree — miller — was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England,  in 
1844;  came  to  America  with  parents  in  infancy,  and  settled  in  New 
York;  in  1869  he  went  to  Broadhead,  Wis.;  thence  to  Turner 
county,  D.  T.;  married  in  1868  to  Alice  Addington;  have  one  child. 

Peter  Royem — Register  of  deeds  and  county  clerk;  born  in 
Norway  in  1853;  came  to  America  in  1870,  and  settled  in  Sioux 
Falls,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  removed  to  Yankton;  he 
has  been  county  surveyor  two  years,  and  in  the  fall  of  1880  he  was 
elected  to  his  present  position;  he  married  Mary  Anderson,  a  native 
of  Minnesota;  have  one  daughter. 

John  Satori — born  in  Germany  in  1846;  came  to  America  in 
1866,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia;  came  to  Yankton  in  1871;  mar- 
ried Caroline  Wayne;  have  three  children. 

H.  A.  Schoreggee — was  born  in  Germany  in  1826;  came 
to  America  in  1850,  and  settled  in  New  Orleans;  came  to  Dakota 


380  YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES. 

in  1860,  Jind  estiiblished  business  and  has  continuod  ever  since; 
served  in  the  army  in  the  old  country,  and  served  as  a  militiaman 
in  this  country;  married  Barbara  Heinrich;  have  seven  children — 
Edward,  Louisa,  Louis,  Theodore,  Emma,  John  and  Julius. 

John  Schnell — was  born  in  Germany  the  11th  of  August,  1845; 
came  to  America  in  1865,  and  settled  in  Schuylkill  county.  Pa.; 
came  to  Dakota  in  1872;  married  Kate  l\a])pler,  of  Schuylkill,  Co., 
Pa.;  have  two  children,  Claude  and  Eugene  J. 

Robert  Schneider — was  born  in  "Germany  in  1844;  came  to 
America  in  Januar3%  1866;  settled  in  Boston,  Mass.;  was  in  New 
York  seven  or  eight  years,  and  in  Nebraska  two  years;  came  to 
Dakota  in  May,  J 881;  he  was  foreman  in  a  cigar  factory  in  Joliet; 
married  Amelia  Melzer,  of  Germany;  have  three  children — Lillie, 
Richard  and  Flora. 

A.  H.  Schroder — born  in  Grant  county.  Wis.,  in  1855;  he  came 
to  Yankton  in  1876;  two  years  later  he  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business. 

Geo.  R.  Scougal,  banker — was  born  in  Rothsay.  Scotland,  Nov- 
11th,  1852;  came  to  Ara<^rica  in  1878,  and  located  in  Lanesboro, 
Minn.,  w^iere  he  remained  until  December,  1880,  when  removed  to 
Yankton,  and  enafaged  in  tiie  banking  business  in  company  with 
Mr.  McKinney;  do  a  banking  business  in  Sioux  Falls,  Yankton  and 
Dell  Rapids;  he  married  Frances  W.  Taylor;  they  have  thiee 
daughters. 

B.  M.  Seniple — was  born  in  Belfast.  Ireland,  in  1836;  came  to 
America  in  1853,  and  settled  in  Peoria,  Illinois;  came  to  Dakota  in 
the  spring  of  lb70. 

E.  G.  Smith— district  attorney,  2d  judicial  district;  born  in 
Ohio  in  1851;  educated  at  State  university  and  Lennox  college; 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874  in  Iowa;  came  to  Yankton  in  1875; 
Mr.  S.  is  present  reporter  of  the  supreme  court. 

H.  V.  Smith — was  born  in  New  York  in  the  town  of  German, 
Shenango  county,  in  1854;  came  west  with  U.  S.  troops  and  was 
stationed  at  Randall  and  at  Cantonement  on  the  Yellowstone; 
married  Miss  Sarah  Gillman,  of  Wisconsin,  in  the  winter  of  1875; 
they  have  one  girl,  named  Maud  M. 

lion.  S.  L.  Si)ink — This  distinguished  citizen  of  Dakota,  who 
died  September  22,  1881,  at  his  residence  in  Yankton,  aged  al)out 
51  years,  had  resided  in  Yankton  since  June.  1865.  coining  thither 
from  Paris,  Illinois,  where  he  published  the  Paris  Beacon,  a  repub- 
lican pafjer,  during  the  war,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Leg- 
islature during  1864;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Dakota  in  1865; 
was  elected  delegate  to  Congress  from  Dakota  on  the  repul)lican 
ticket  in  1868,  and  resigned  the  secretaryshii)  in  March,  lc6!>;  was 
again  a  candidate  for  delegate  in  1870.  Dr.  Burleigh  and  Hon.  M. 
K.  Arns  loig  being  his  opponents,  and  was  defeated,  Armstrong 
holding  the  oflice  after  a   contest.     In   1872  he  joined  the  liberal 


YANKTON    BIOGRAPHIES.  381 

movement,  and  subsequently  identified  himself  with  the  democ- 
racy, whose  nominee  for  Congress  he  was  in  1876.  He  continued 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Yankton  to  the  time  of  his 
death;  his  practice  was  extensive  and  lucrative,  and  he  was  pos- 
sessed of  unblemished  character  and  commanding  ability. 

Peter  Steffen — born  in  Germany  in  1811;  came  to  America  in 
1866;  settled  in  D.  T.  in  1872;  in  1877  went  to  the  Black  Hills; 
has  been  dealing  in  stock  for  several  years;  had  his  barn  burned 
with  17  horses  on  October  29th,  1878. 

William  Stier— was  born  in  Germany  in  1831;  came  to  Da- 
kota in  1863  and  settled  near  Elk  Point;  came  to  Yankton  in  the 
fall  of  1861;  served  in  the  army  two  years  and  a  half  in  the  en- 
gineer corps;  enlisted  in  St.  Louis;  has  been  street  commissioner 
one  year  in  Yankton;  married  Madeline  Urich.  a  native  of  France; 
have  five  children — William  P.,  Louisa  K.,  Victor  C,  Alice  and 
an  infant. 

S.  J.  Thomas — machinist;  born  in  New  York  in  1850;  he 
came  to  Minnesota  in  1862;  in  1869  he  removed  to  Yankton;  he 
has  been  twice  married;  he  has  one  child,  W.  J. 

William  Ward — born  in  England  in  1851;  came  to  America 
in  1868;  came  to  Dakota  in  March,  1878,  and  settled  in  Yankton 
permanently. 

C.  Wedell — was  born  in  Krimp,  Russia,  in  1851;  came  to 
America  in  1871  and  settled  in  Dakota;  married  Susie  Halsworth; 
have  three  children,  MoUie,  Susie,  Katie. 

H.  W.  White— was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York  in  1820; 
then  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  resided  35  years;  from  there  he  re- 
moved to  Illinois;  thence  to  D.  T.  He  married  Rose  Ann;  have 
three  children.  Frances,  Hiram  W.  and  Blanche;  Mr.  W.  has  been 
a  member  of  the  cit3^  council  for  seven  years  and  school  director 
most  all  his  life. 

E.  T.  White — was   born   in    Woodstock,    Vermont,  in   1817 
when  he  was  22  j'ears   old  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1870  h 
came  west  and  settled  in  Yankton  and  engaged   in  the  practice  of 
law.     In  1871  he  married  Mary  Bagle}',  of  Bethel,  Vermont.     Mr. 
White  was  clerk  of  the  house  of  representatives  one  session;  is  at 
present  clerk  of  the  city  of  Yankton. 

Thomas  J.  Williams — born  in  New  York  in  1818;  came  west 
in  186S;  has  traveled  all  through  the  west;  served  ten  months  in 
the  army  under  Capt.  Hawley;  married  Elizabeth  Inerney;  was  a 
non-commissioned  officer  in  the  army. 

John  Wilson — Norwegian  descent;  was  born  in  King  county, 
Illinois,  in  1810.  Came  vvest  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  in  1867;  came 
to  Yankton,  D.  T.,  in  1877;  maried  Jennie  Iverson. 

C.  N.  Wright — engineer  in  Excelsior  company  flouring  mills; 
born  in  Ohio  in  1813;  came  west  in  1867  and  settled  in  Iowa.     In 


282  VALLEY    SPRINGS    BIOGRAPHIES. 

1875  he  eDo:age(l  in  bis  present  occupation.     Married  in  1876  to 
Miss  N.  C.  Bancroft;  have  one  child,  Frank. 

Frank  D.  Wyman — born  in  Essex  county,  New  York,  Jn'y 
J4th,  1841.  Came  lo  Wisconsin  in  1840  anrl  settled  in  Walworth 
county.  Came  to  Dakota  in  November,  1871,  and  settled  perma- 
nently. Served  in  the  army  tour  years  in  the  8th  Wisconsin  vet- 
eran volunteers  and  was  honorably  discharged.  Married  Mat  tie 
Robertson,  of  Perry  county,  Alabanui;  have  three  children — Mat- 
tie  M.,  Alfred  L.,  Lute  A. 

A.  Zemlicka — Dorn  in  Bohemia  in  1840;  he  came  to  America 
in  1802  and  located  in  Milwaukee;  in  1804  he  removed  to  Bosco- 
bel,  Wisconsin;  in  180'J  he  came  to  Yankton  and  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising; married  in  1872  to  Josephine  Beiba:  they  have  lour 
children — Sylvia,  Vesta,  Frank,  Josephine. 

J.  E.  Ziebach — manager  P.  0.  bookstore;  born  at  Sergeant's 
Blufi's  in  1858;  moved  to  Sioux  City;  from  there  with  his  parents 
he  went  to  Yankton. 

F.  M.  Ziebach — foreman  Press  and  Dakotaian;  born  in  1^30  in 
Union  county,  Pa.  Published  the  Lewisburg  (Pa.)  Argus.  Moved 
to  Sn-gi^aiit  Blutfs,  Iowa,  in  1857,  where  he  established  the  Wes- 
tern Independent.  Moved  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  in  the  spring  of 
1858,  and  started  the  Sioux  City  Register.  Came  to  Yankton  in 
ISOI  and  established  the  Dakotaian.  Went  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in 
1863,  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Daily  Herald  of  that  place. 
Returned  to  Sioux  City  m  1800,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  was 
appointed  register  of  the  land  office  at  Sioux  City.  Was  for  two 
terms  mayor  of  Sioux  City,  in  1868-9  and  1809-70.  Returned  to 
Yankto)!  in  1870,  where  he  has  ever  since  been  engaged  in  the 
newspaper  business.  Was  for  three  terms  mayor  of  Yankton,  from 
1870  to  1879,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  legislature  dur- 
ing the  session  of  1877.  Has  held  the  well  known  position  of 
"Squiitter  Governor"  of  Dakota  ever  since  the  organization  of  the 
Territory.  Was  a  member  of  Yankton's  first  Board  of  Education, 
and  has  held  other  minor  offices.  Married  t(j  Elizabeth  Fisher,  of 
Danville.  Pa.,  and  has  four  sons  and  two  daughters. 

F.  H.  Ziebach — clerk  in  American  Express  office;  born  in  Sioux 
City  in  1801;  in  '62  he  removed  to  Yankton  with  his  parents;  he  is 
a  second  son  of  F.  M.  Ziebach. 


VAi.i.i:v  si»Ri:\<,Js. 

Dr.  C.  P.  Bissell— born  at  DeWitt,  Iowa  Oct.  ISoI;  here  he 
received  a  common  school  education;  attended  the  medical  school 
at  Ann  Arbor  durit)<r  1871  and  1S73,  took  second  course  at  Keokuk. 
Iowa,  in  1H74  raid  '75.  graduating  in  1875.  In  spring  of  1878  lo- 
cated at  Valley  Springs  where  he  has  since  practiced  medicine. 
Married  June  8,  1881,  to  Josephine  Brongh. 

W.  H.  Biddell— born  in  Boone  county.  111.,  Nov.  17,  1848; 
when  young  moved  with  his   parents  to  Winnebago   county.    111., 


A'ALLEY    SPRINGS    BIOGRAPHIES.  353 

living:  there  until  21  years  of  age;  lie  then  was  encraged  m  furtning 
in  Ogle  county  one  year;  afterwanis  engaged  in  surveying  for 
governnipnt  in  Kansas  and  Indian  territory;  afterwards  came  to 
Sheldon,  Iowa,  and  in  May,  1878 .  to  Valley  Springs;  married  in 
May.  1878.  to  Miss  Nnllie  Stewart;  two  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  Gertrude  and  Earle. 

Daniel  B.  Cook— born  in  Otsego  county,  N.  T.,  1847;  when 
young  moved  with  his  parents  to  Delaware  county;  here  he  re- 
mained until  about  21  yeavs  of  age;  thence  to  Ithica,  N.  Y.,  for  8 
years.  Came  to  Valley  Springs  in  May,  1876,  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  wheat  buving.  Married  August  25,  1879, 
to   Isabel  A.  Henton;  one  child,  Mary  C. 

Jonathan  Dunham — only  son  of  Nathan  Dunham;  born  Sept. 
24,  1821,  at  Etna,  Tompkins  county,  N.  Y.  Received  Academic 
instructions  at  the  Homer  (N.  Y..)  Academy;  began  school  teach- 
ing at  the  age  of  19  years,  after  which  he  engaged  in  farming; 
married  Harriet  Wood,  sister  to  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Ezra  Corn^il, 
founder  of  Cornell  Universily;  learned  the  art  of  telegraphv  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  in  1849;  was  operator  in  the  Montreal  office, 
after  which  he  fillpd  telegraphic  positions  in  the  following  places: 
Erie,  Pa.,  Painsville  and  Cleveland.  Among  his  assistants  was 
Got.  a.  B.  Cornell,  one  of  the  telegraphic  '"sound"  readers;  from 
Cleveland  he  went  to  New  York  City;  thence  to  Columbus.  Ohio; 
thence  back  to  Cleveland;  he  su  bsequently  Avent  into  the  banking 
office  of  Wright  &  Co.,  of  Cleveland;  thence  to  Michigan  City, 
Indiana;  was  in  the  grain  business  in  Bluomington,  111.;  thence  to 
Sterling,  111.  After  a  brief  season  spent  in  farming  he  was  again 
employed  as  division  superintendent  by  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Co  ,  for  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Kentucky.  In  1872.  alter  exten- 
sive travelling  through  the  west,  he  locnted  at  Valley  Springs. 

Grove  Hemsley — born  in  England  January  19,  1846;  came  to 
America  when  young,  and  remained  ]n  New  York  State  tifteen 
years.  In  the  spring  of  18  72  made  a  claim  ot  160  acres  in  sec.  33, 
town  102,  range  47;  followed  farming  ^bur  years:  sinc^  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  saloon  and  livery  business.  March  12,  1870,  he 
married  Eliza  R.  Brokaw,  by  whom  he  has  had  three  children, 
Nellie,  May,  and  Henry  T. 

Perry  E.  Howe-  born  in  Yorkshire,  Cataragus  county,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  28.1851;  parents  moved  to  Tompkins  county,  New  Yoik  in 
1^53;  here  he  grew  to  manhood's  estate,  and  in  1873  came  to  Dako- 
ta and  engaged  in  trade  at  Valley  Springs;  has  since  made  this  his 
home,  and  fur  the  most  time  followed  t'arniing.  His  marriage  with 
Frances  H.  Acker  took  place  June  27,  1874;  one  child  has  been 
born  to  them.  Merritt  J. 

H.  P.  Ljunggren — born  in    Sweden,    July  26,    1841;  camefco 
America  in  '68,  landing  in  New  York  May  15.     He  remained    one 
year  in  New  Jersey  and  two  in  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  then  Ciime  to  Sioux 
City,  Iowa,  and  in  the  spring  of  '72  came  to    what  is    now  Valley 


384  volc'a   biographies. 

Spiings  and  entered  a  homestead  on  sec.  33.  Keeping  his  family 
here,  he  worked  in  Sioux  City  at  the  furniture  trade;  in  '78  he 
opened  a  hardware  and  furniture  store  at  Valley  Springs  in  compa- 
ny with  J.  Iv.  Judson.  Since  1880  has  been  alone.  Married  1866 
to  Sigred  Olson;  eight  children  living:  Charlotte,  Augusta,  Os- 
car, Charles,  Jennie,  Hulda,  Harry,  andErvin. 

Franklin  Mellen—  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  18, 1828.  Dur- 
ing his  younger  days  he  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade,  which  he 
followed  until  18">8,  when  he  ran  an  auction  store  where  the  pres- 
ent post  office  of  Boston  stands.  In  IST-t  he  came  to  Valley 
Springs,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming  and  following  his 
trade.  Has  been  twice  married,  his  first  wite  being  Henrietta 
Randall,  by  whom  he  had  three  children;  second  wite  was  Laura 
Melinda  Fletcher,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1869. 

Charles  Olson — born  in  Sweden  in  1849;  came  to  America  in 
1868,  and  settled  in  Union  county,  D.  T.,  and  afterwards  made  a 
claim.  In  1874  located  in  Sioux  City  in  grocery  trade,  where  he 
remained  until  he  came  to  Valley  Springs  in  1878;  he  is  present 
postmaster.  Married  in  1867  to  Christina  Nelson;  two  children, 
Emma,  and  Frank  Edward  is  the  result  of  this  union. 

Edson  Wheeler — born  in  Shenango  county,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  27, 
1836.  In  1838  his  parents  moved  to  Whitewater,  Wis.  He  re- 
mained here  until  twenty-one  j'^earsof  age,  then  for  some  years  was 
south.  At  his  father's  death,  which  occurred  April  1st  1859,  he  re- 
turned homt,  and  in  the  fall  of '59  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
H-leii  Wait,  lie  enlisted  Jauuarv  4,  1832,  in  C  ).  A.,  19ch  Wis; 
honorably  discharged  April  19,  1865.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Valley  Springs,  locating  on  his  claim  in  1872,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  them,  Eunice,  Nellie 
and  Edbert. 

Paul  H.  Zimmerman — born  in  New  York  Cit}',  January  16, 
1850;  when  small,  moved  witb  parents  to  Chicago,  and  afterwards 
to  St.  Paul.  In  December,  1878,  came  to  Valley  Springs  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  trade;  married  May,  1878,  to  Miss  B.  Henleiu; 
their  children  are  Ervin  and  Olive. 


Ed.  Achenbach — meat  market;  born  in  Buffalo  county,  Wis., 
in  the  town  of  Belvidere,  in  1859;  went  to  the  Black  Hills  in  1877; 
thence  he  returned  to  Lake  Benton,  Minn.  C.ime  to  Volga  in  the 
fall  of  1879;  entered  into  his  present  business  in  the  summer  of 
1880.     Married  to  Mary  Volmer,  of  Wis. 

John  Albertson — farm  machinery  and  grain;  born  in  Pa.  in 
1819;  left  Pa.  in  1855  and  settled  in  Wabasha  Co.,  Minn.;  thence 
in  1868  to  Alma.  Wis.  Came  to  Volga  in  April,  1880.  Married 
to  Christina  G.  Keith,  and  has  two  daughters. 


VOLGA    BIOGRAPHIES.  385 


James  W.  Ask — general  merchandise;  born  in  Norway  in  1845; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1869;  settled  at  Rnshford,  Minn. 
Came  to  Volga  in  March,  1880,  Married  to  Dine  Sherlie,  also  of 
Norway.  Their  son,  Henry  Marvin  Ask,  died  in  the  summer  of 
1880,  aged  8  months. 

0.  L.  Anderson —  harness  and  saddles;  born  in  Wis.,  in  1851; 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Goodhue  Co.,  Minn.,  where,  and  at 
Mankato,  Minn.,  he  lived  until  the  spring  of  1879,  when  he  moved 
to  Oakwood,  D.  T.  In  September  1879  he  moved  to  Volga  and  en- 
tered into  business  as  above.  Married  to  Anna  Sophia  Johnson,  of 
Minn.,  in  Sej^t.,  1879,  and  has  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

P.  Balgord — wagon  and  carriage  fact'ry ;  born  in  Norway  in  1851; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1869,  and  located  at  New  Lisbon,  Wis. 
Came  to  Volga  in  Feb.^  1880,  and  entered  into  busiiness  as  above. 
Married  to  Sarah  Nelson,  of  Wis.,  and  has  one  son  and  one  daugh- 
ter. 

Thomas  Bandy — farmer;  born  in  Indiana  in  1827,  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Iowa;  left  Iowa  in  1853  and  settled  in  Minn.  Came 
to  Brookings  Co.,  in  the  fall  of  1878,  and  settled  one  mile  north  of 
Volga,  where  !ie  built  a  house  in  that  year,  and  where  ho  has  since 
resided.  Married  to  Elizabeth  D.  Ware,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  has 
had  ten  children,  one  son  deceased,  and  six  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters living. 

Jacob  Brown — civil  engineer  and  postmaster  of  Volga;  born 
in  Columbiana  Co.,  0.,  in  1821;_  moved  to  Fulton.  111.,  in  1862; 
thence  to  Volga  in  1879.  Appointed  p^tsfcma^ter  in  Oot.,  1830. 
Married  to  Sarah  Baggs,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  has  one  son 
and  two  daughters. 

P.  Philip  Cady — attorney;  bora  in  1854  at  Lamont,  Mich. 
Left  Mich.,  April  9, 1880,  and  cam?  to  Volga,  where  he  entered  in- 
to the  practice  of  the  law  and  the  business  of  real  estate,  loan  and 
collections. 

Joseph  Daum — boots  and  shoes;  born  in  Germany  in  1848; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1857,  and  located  in  Wis.  Came  to 
Volga  Aug  10, 1880,  and  entered  into  business  as  above.  Married 
to  Catherina  Schilling,  and  has  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

C.  H. Drinker — druggist;  born  in  1851  at  Clifton.  Luzerne  Co., 
Pa.;  left  Pa.  in  1870  and  settled  at  Kilbourn  City,  Wis.  Came  to 
Volga,  April  3,  1880,  and  entered  into  the  drug  business. 

W.  H.  DeGraff— photographer;  born  July  4,  1852,  at  Canada- 
guia,  N.  Y.;  thence  to  Minneapolis.  Minn.,  in  1871;  thence  to  Man- 
kato, Minn.  Came  to  Volga  in', April,  1880.  Married  to  Mary 
Miller,  of  LaSueur/lMinn.,  Jan.  6,  1881, 

E.  Engleson — firm  of  Mitchell  &  Engleson,  real  estate,  loan 
and  collections;  born  in  Norway  in  1857;  came  to  the  United 
States  when  but  four  years  of  age,  and  settled  with  his   parents  at 


3^6  VOLGA    BIOGRAPHIES. 

LaCrosse,  Wis.     Came  to  Dakota  in  187'2,  and    located   in    Brook- 
ings Co.     Has  lived  in  Volga  from  the  beginning  of  its  settlement. 

I.  I"*.  FaiTJngton — propr.  Farrington  House;  born  in  Cum- 
berland count}',  Me,,  in  1850;  moved  in  July,  1869,  to  Chat  field, 
Minn.;  thence  in  the  spring  of  1873  to  Marshall,  Minn. ;  thence  to 
Tracy,  Minn.,  in  Sept.  1878.  Came  to  Volga  in  Sept.  1879,  and 
moved  his  family  here  in  February,  ISSO;  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  in  Volga,  in  March.  1880.  Married  to  Carrie  M.  Ziiniwin- 
kle,  ol  111.,  Oct.  9,  1873,  and  has  one  son  and  three  daughters. 

P.  C.  Ford — propr.  Farmers'  Home;  born  in  111.,  in  1845; 
moved  to  Allamakee  county,  Iowa.  Entered  U.  S.  Army  in  1862, 
and  served  on  Western  frontiers.  Was  discharged  from  service  in 
1865,  and  in  November  of  that  year  entered  government  employ 
as  assistant  farmer  at  Fort  Thompson,  where  he  remained  ten  and 
one-half  3'ears.  Moved  to  Brookings  county  in  spring  of  1878  and 
took  a  homestead  six  miles  north  of  Volga.  Came  to  Volga  April 
29,  1881,  and  entered  into  the  hotel  lausiness.  Married  Nancy 
Faribault,  deceased,  by  whom  he  has  two  children.  His  present 
wife  Avas  Elizabeth  Larson;  they  have  five  children. 

G.  T.  Groodridge — with  T.  H.  Maguire  &  Co.,  hardware  and 
implement  dealers;  born  in  1852  in  Chicago,  111.;  came  to  Volga  in 
January,  1880;  married  to  Emma  Maguire,  of  111.,  and  has  two 
daughters. 

W.  G.  Harkins — firm  of  Harkins  &  Rowley,  general  merchan- 
dise; born  in  Racine,  Wis.,  in  1857;  moved  with  parents  to  Wino- 
na, Minn.;  thence  to  Rochester,  Minn.  .  Came  to  V^'olga  in  March, 

1880. 

E.  M.  Hunt — firm  of  Stewart  &  Hunt,  livery  and  dray;  born 
in  New  York  in  1851;  moved  to  Sheboygan  county,  Wis.  Came 
to  Dakota  in  1873,  and  to  Volga  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

E.  S.  Johnson — bakery  and  confectionery;  born  in  Norway,  in 
1854;  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1866,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin, 
thence  to  Iowa;  thence  to  Canton,  D.  T. ;  settled  two  miles  east  of 
Volga,  in  1877,  and  came  to  Volga,  in  April,  1880.  Married  to 
Julia  Aslaeson,  of  Minn.,  and  has  one  daughter. 

Lewis  Johnson — with  E.  Snider;  born  in  Norway,  in  1852; 
came  to  the  United  States,  in  1871,  and  settled  in  Minnesota.  In 
1878  he  came  the  present  townsite  of  Volga,  where  he  took  up 
a  homestead,  being  one  of  the  original  four  who  relinquished  each 
forty  acres,  to  the  railroad  compan}',  on  which  the  town  was 
platted. 

L.  Johnson — representing  Yon  man  Bros.  &  Hodgins,  lumber,- 
born  in  Dodge  county.,  Minn.,  in  1861;  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Rochester,  Minn.;  came  to  Volga  in  February,  1880. 

T.  R.  Jevne — proprietor  Skandinavisk  House;  born  in  Nor- 
way, in  1852;  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1872,  and  settled  at  Al- 


VOLGA    BIOGRAPHIES.  3S7 


bert  Lea,  Minn.;  thence  to  Rock  county,  Minn.,  in  1877;  thence  to 
Brookings  county,  in  1878;  came  to  Volga  in  August,  1881.  Mar- 
ried to  Mary  Evenson,  of  N  orway,  and  has  two  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

Charles  Keith — dealer  in  grain,  flour  and  feed,  wood  and  coal; 
born  in  Scotland,  in  ISil ;  came  tothe  United  States,  in  1854,  and 
located  in  Walworth  county,  Wis.;  moved  thence  to  Milwaukee, 
and  afterwards  for  a  period  of  three  years  was  a  steamboat  officer 
on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  Subsequently  engaged  in  farm- 
ing in  Trempeleau  county.  Wis.,  and  in  the  grain  business  at 
Dodge  in  that  county;  came  to  Volga,  in  September,  1879,  Mar- 
ried to  Jane  Muir,  of  Buffalo  county.  Wis.,  and  has  two  sons  and 
two  daughters;  is  business  manager  at  Volga  for  G.  W.  Van 
Dusen  &  Co.,  of  Rochester,  Minn. 

H.  Kirby — general  merchandise;  born  in  St.  Joseph  county, 
Mich,  in  1849;  moved  to  Wisconsin,  in  1866,  where  he  engaged  in 
steamboating;  came  to  Dakota,  in  March,  1879,  and  settled  three 
miles  north  of  Volga;  entered  the  general  merchandise  business  in 
Volga  in  September,  1879,  moving  the  building  which  he  now  oc- 
cupies from  Kershaw  to  Volga.  Married  to  Mrs.  Serena  Bohlke, 
of  New  Denmark;  they  have  four  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Nils  Kjos — hardware;  born  in  Norway,  in  1849;  came  to  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  in  1869;  thence  to  Chicago,  III.,  whence  after  a  year, 
he  returned  to  Boston;  moved  from  Boston  to  Winona,  Minn.; 
thence  to  Lauesboro,  Minn.;  thence  to  West  Salem,  Wis.;  thence 
to  New  Denmark  P.  0.,  Brookings  county,  D.  T.;  came  to  Volga, 
September  5, 1879,  before  the  existence  of  the  town,  and  entered 
the  hardware  business  immediately. 

Otto  0.  Ki-ogstad — with  A.  C.  Porter,  druggist  and  jeweler; 
born  in  Norway,  in  1859;  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1870,  and 
settled  in  Fillmore  county,  Minn.;  came  to  Volga  in  April,  1880. 

T.  H.  Maguire — hardware  and  agricultural  implements;  born 
in  Waukegan,  Ills.,  in  1849;  moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  1869, 
and  traveled  through  the  latter  state  until  February,  1880,  when 
he  came  to  Volga  and  entered  business  as  above.  Is  in  business 
also  at  Lake  Preston,  which  latter  town  he  located.  Married  to 
Ella  M.  Clayson,  of  New  York,  and  has  two  daughters. 

A.  S.  Mitchell — Firm  of  Mitchell  &  Engleson,  real  estate,  loan 
and  collection;  born  in  Oxford  county,  Maine,  in  1840;  moved  to 
Rockford,  Ills.,  in  1866;  thence  to  Mineral  Point,  Wis.,  where  he 
lived  nearly  five  years;  from  Mineral  Point  he  moved  to  La  Crosse; 
thence  to  Leon,  Wis.;  came  to  Oakwood,  D.  T.,  where  he  at  present 
resides,  in  May,  1877;  he  entered  into  business  as  above  in  Volga,  in 
January,  1880.  Married  to  Emma  C.  Dalton,  of  Mineral  Point, 
Wisconsin. 

W.  M.  Nichols—flour  and  feed,  wood  and  coal;  born  in  To- 
ronto, Canada,    in    1851;  moved  with   his  parents  to  Fon  du  Lac, 


888  VOLGA    BIOGRAPHIES. 


Wis ,  when  five  years  of  age;  settled  at  Eldora,  Iowa,  in  1871; 
came  to  Volga  in  September,  1879.  Married  to  Clara  Gibbs,  of 
Eldora,  Iowa,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 

Byron  E.  Pay^deputv  U.  S.  marshal;  born  in  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  in  1841;  moved  to  Minnesota,  in  1854;  visited  Dakota  in 
1864.  and  settled  permanently  in  Brookings  county,.in  1872.  Mar- 
ried Hattie  M.  Youngman,  ot  Minn.,  and  has  two  sons;  resides  at 
Oak  wood. 

A.  C.  Porter — druggist  and  jeweler;  born  in  North  Troy,  Vt., 
in  1852;  moved  to  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  in  1S69;  thence  to  Jefferson, 
Texas;  returned  to  Hudson,  Wis.;  thence  back  to  Vermont;  came 
to  Volga,  December  28,  1879,  where  he  entered  into-business,  start- 
ing the  second  drug  store  in  Brookings  county,  and  the  first  in 
Volga.     Married  to  Julia  C.  Page,  of  Troy,  Vt.,  and  has  one  sou. 

L.  V.  Rich—proprietor  Rich  House;  born  in  Vermont,  in 
1819;  moved  to  Portage  City,  AVis.,  in  1841,  thence  to  Minnesota, 
in  1850;  lived  at  Plaiuview,  Minn.,  till  1879,  when  he  moved  to 
Volga,  in  October  of  that  year.  Married  twice;  first  to  Celestia 
Farr,  of  Vermont,  Avho  died  in  that  state,  and  by  whom  he  has  one 
daughter.  His  present  wife  was  Louisa  Felton,  also  of  Vermont, 
by  which  latter  marriage  he  has  three  daughters  living. 

C.  M.  Rowley — firm  of  Harkins  &  Rowley,  general  merchan- 
dise; born  in  1857,  in  Knox  county,  Ohio;  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Wis.,  where  he  lived  six  years,  thence  to  Rochester,  Minn.; 
came  to  Volga  in  March,  1880. 

Miss  K.  C.  Ryan — milliner  and  dressmaker;  came  to  Volga, 
March  1,  1880,  from  Adams  county,  Wis.,  and  entered  into  busi- 
ness as  above. 

Edward  Seielstad — firm  of  Seielstad  &  Hansen,  general  mer- 
chandise; born  in  Norway,  in  1855;  came  to  the  United  States,  in 
1870,  and  located  in  Wisconsin;  came  to  Volga  in  September,  1801. 

E.  Snider — saloon;  born  in  Columbia  county,  Wis.,  in  1851; 
came  to  Volga  in  May,  1880. 

C.  J.  Spencer — firm  of  Wm.  Fisher  &  Co.,  general  merchan- 
dise; born  in  Bradford  county,  Penn.,  in  1850;  moved  to  Burling- 
ton, Iowa,  in  1871;  thence  to  Chippewa  county,  Wis. ;  thence  to 
Mitchell  county,  Iowa;  from  Mitchell  he  raoved  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.; 
thence  to  Buffalo  county.  Wis.;  came  to  Volga,  and  entered  into 
business  as  above,  in  September  10,  1880.  Married  to  Ida  Grout,  of 
Mitchell  county,  Iowa,  and  has  one  son. 

W.  E.  Tubbs — contractor,  builder  and  wagon  maker;  born  in 
Pensylvania,  in  1850:  moved  to  Iowa,  in  1854;  thence  to  western 
Minnesota;  came  to  Volga,  in  January,  1880.  Married  to  Chris- 
tina Martin,  of  Austin,  Minn. 

F.  S.  Idell—mason;  born  in  1842  at  Port  Washington,  Wis.; 
moved  to  Sioux  Falls,  D.  T.,iu  1876;  thence  to  Watertown,  D.  T. 
in  1878;  thence  to  Lake  Benton.  Came  to  Volga  in  February,  1880. 


FLAJfDREAU    BIOGBAPHIES.  389 

John  H.  Ike — contractor  and  builder;  born  in  Norway  in  1854; 
came  to  United  States  in  1S65,  and  settled  in  Minn.  Came  to 
Brookings  county  in  May,  1879,  and  to  Volga  Nov.  15,  1879  : 
Married  Sept.  24,  1881,  to  Caroline  Sophia  Anderson. 

H.  L.  Wadsworth — depot  agent:  born  in  Berlin  Wisconsin, 
in  1849;  came  to  Volga  May  4, 1880. 

C.  L.  Warner — representing  Laird,  Norton  &  Co.,  Inmber; 
born  at  Portville,  New  York, in  1859;  came  to  Volga  in  May,  1881. 


Ft.A.^'»ISEAl 


H.  A.  Bates — barber  and  hairdresser;  born  in  Otsego  county, 
N.  Y..in  1856;  moved  to  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1864;  thence 
to  Dakota,  in  September,  1880. 

J.  A.  Blilie — Lutheran  clergy;  born  in  Norway,  in  1852,  came  to 
America  in  1867  and  located  in  Wij\neshiek  county,  L)wa.  He  at- 
tended the  Norwegian  Luth.  College  at  Decorali  and  a  St.  Louis 
Theological  Seminary;  in  September,  1880,  he  came  to  this  town. 
He  was  married  to  Lena  Faegre. 

James  Bray — druggist;  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in  1855, 
and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy;  engaged 
in  the  drug  business  in  Flandreau  in  1878. 

R.  L.  Brown — hardware;  born  in  Lafayette  count}',  Wisconsin, 
in  1851;  came  to  Flandreau,  in  1878,  and  immediately  engaged  in 
his  present  business. 

A.  D.  Bubb — attorney;  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1853;  came  to 
Flandreau  in  December,  1880. 

W.  W.  Caywood — carpenter;  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1824,  and 
located  at  Danville,  Indiana,  in  1845;  came  west  to  Delaware  county, 
Iowa,  in  1848;  came  to  Dakota,  in  March,  1880.  Married  to  Sarah 
McVey,  a  native  of  Missouri;  have  six  children,  four  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

W.  A.  Clark — harness  maker;  born  in  New  Hampshir-e,  in  1840; 
came  to  Wisconsin  in  1868;  in  1878  he  came  to  Flandreau;  he  mar- 
ried Sarah  Coburn,  a  native  of  the  same  state. 

Philip  Clark — sheriff  of  Moody  county;  born  in  Scotland,  in 
1845;  when  he  was  twelve  years  old  his  parents  emigrated  to 
America  and  settled  in  Brooklyn  N.  Y.;  in  1S65  he  came  west,  and 
has  lived  in  different  places,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  St. 
Charles,  Minn.;  in  1877  he  came  to  this  county;  in  the  fall  of  1880 
he  was  elected  to  office  of  sheriff;  he  married  Sophrona  Harding,  a 
native  of  Indiana. 

J.  C.  Dahl — blacksmith  and  wagon  maker;  born  in  Denmark, 
in  1852;  came  to  America  in  1877.  and  settled  in  Chicago;  moved 
to  Olmstead  county,  Minn.,  in  187S;  the  following  year  he  moved 
to  Flandreau.     Married  to  Mary  Holden,  of  Norway;  have  one  son. 

F.    C.  Dickson — merchant;  born   in   Penusjdvania,  in    1855; 


390  FLANDREAU    BIOGRAPHIES. 


came  west  in  1866,  and  settled  in  Independence,  Iowa;  he  came 
here  in  1878. 

William  Dunn — blacksmith;  born  in  Ottawa,  Canada,  in  1846; 
moved  to  Eau  Claire,  Wis.,  in  1867;  came  to  Flandreau  in  1878, 
Married  to  Mary  A.  Barlow;  have  two  sons. 

J.  A.  Elliott — Employe  in  Coleman's  lumber  yard;  born  in 
Winona  county  Minn.,  in  1856;  came  to  Flandreau  in  1878,  and 
has  been  in  Mr.  "Coleman's  employ  for  the  past  year  and  a  half. 

George  H.  Few — hardware;  born  in  Orleans  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1855;  moved  to  Independence,  Iowa,  in  1867,  where  he  resided 
until  1878,  when  he  tame  to  Flandreau.  Married  to  Ella  Marinus, 
of  Independence,  Iowa. 

A.  S.  Frink — restauranteur;  born  in  Chautauqua  county,  N.  Y., 
in  1837;  located  in  Winona  county,  Minn.,  in  1854;  thence  to  Dell 
Rapids  in  1877;  came  to  Flandreau  in  September,  1881.  Married 
Jane  Wood,  of  Indiana;  have  two  children. 

Thomas  Freeman — merchant  tailor;  born  in  England,  in  1829, 
and  came  to  America  in  1857;  located  in  New  York,  thence  to 
Long  Island,  tnence  to  Chatfield,  Fillmore  county,  Minn.;  moved 
to  Flandreau  in  1878.  Married  to  Sarah  Kennady,  also  of  England; 
have  ten  children,  five  sons  and  five  daughters. 

C.  F.  Hall — grocer;  born  in  Vermont,  in  1854;  came  west  in 
1879,  and  located  in  Flandreau.  Married  Levina  R.  Clark,  a  na- 
tive of  Vermont;  have  a  son. 

H.  A.  Haugan— merchant;  born  in  Norway  in  1853;  came  to 
America  in  IS 73;  settled  in  Winnesheik  county,  Iowa;  came  to 
Flandreau  September  30,  1879,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  gen- 
eral merchandise. 

T.  J.  Haxton — liveryman;  born  in  Indiana,  in  1840;  moved  to 
Illinois  in  1865,  thence  to  Madison  county^  Iowa,  thence  to  Flan- 
dreau. Married  to  Millie  A.  Hayden.  and  has  two  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

S.  A.  Heath — harness  maker;  born  in  Loraine  county,  Ohio,  in 
1845;  came  west  in  1872,  and  settled  in  Monroe  county,  Wis.; 
thence  to  Sioux  Falls,  and  in  April,  1880,  came  to  Flandreau. 
Married  Mattie  Blaker,  a  native  of  Illinois;  they  have  two  children, 
a  son  and  daughter. 

A.  Higgs — shoe  store;  born  in  Berlin,  Wis.,  in  1855;  came  to 
Flandreau  in  1881.  He  married  Med.  Hill,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 

Fred.  C.  Holden — blacksmith;  born  in  Norway,  in  1852;  came 
to  America  in  1870;  first  settled  in  Wisconsin,  thence  to  Minne- 
sota, and  came  to  Dakota  in  the  spring  of  1880. 

E.  Huntington — real  estate  dealer;  born  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  in 
1845;  came  west  in  1856,  and  settled  in  Osage,  Iowa;  in  1878  he 
came  here.  Married  Miss  A.  Button,  a  native  of  New  York;  they 
have  four  children,  three  daughters  and  one  son. 

W.  R.  Hyde — agent  for  Cargill  &  Bro.,  grain  dealers;  born  in 


FLANDREAU    BIOGRAPHIES.  391 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.,  in  1856;  removed  to  Albert  Lea.jMinn.,in  1868, 
thence  to  Fairmont,  and  in  December,  1880,  came  to  Flandrean. 
Married  Lena  Pfefer,  of  Wisconsin,  and  has  one  danghter,  Emma. 

Henry  J.  Jacobshagen — manager  of  Fhiudreau  Flouring  Mill; 
born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1851.  When  he  was  two  years  of 
age  his  parents  removed  to  Maukato,  Minn.;  he  came  to  Flan- 
drean, in  July,  1880. 

R.  J.  Simenson — attorney  at  law;  born  in  Norway,  in  1848; 
removed  with  his  parents  to  America  in  1851,  and  settled  in  Win- 
nesheik  county,  Iowa;  came  to  Dakota  in  1871 ;  first  located  in 
Yankton,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law;  removed 
toFlandreau  in  June,  1880.  Married  to  Julia  Knudson,  also  of  Nor- 
way; have  two  children. 

T.  J.  Shields — agricultural  implements;  born  in  McHenry 
county,  Illinois,  in  1856;  came  to  Flandrean  in  1877;  from  Flan- 
drean he  moved  to  Tracy,  Minn.;  returned  with  his  family  and  re- 
located in  Flandrean  in  1880.  Married  to  Alice  Chatfield,  also  of 
Illinois. 

C.  E.  Thayer—cashier  0.  D.  Brown  &  Cc's  bank,  established 
in  1879;  born  in  Sandusky  Ohio,  in  1854;  came  west  in  infancy 
with  his  parents  and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  lived  until 
May,  1881,  when  he  removed  to  this  point — Flandrean. 

D.  S.  White — druggist;  born  in  Vermont,  in  1837;  moved  to 
Jefferson  county.  Wis.,  in  1874,  thence  to  Flandrean  in  Aug.,  1879. 
Married  to  Maria  Howe,  of  Ludlow,  Vermont,  and  has  one  son. 

Benjamin  WyckoflT — assistant  county  treasurer;  born  in  New 
York  city,  in  1849;  moved  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  in  1876,  and  was 
employed  as  assistant  superintendent  of  the  Minneapolis  Harvester 
Works.  In  1878,  removed  to  Flandrean;  has  a  large  farm  ten 
miles  northwest  of  town,  which  is  under  his  personal  management. 
Married  to  Helen  I.  Arey,  of  Quincy,  Mass.;  have  two  children,  a 
son  and  daughter. 

William  Jones — general  merchandise;  born  in  Canada  in  1849; 
came  to  Richland  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1859;  thence  to  Moody  Co.,  Dako- 
ta, in  1869,  and  engaged  in  hunting  and  trapping  until  1874,  when 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Flandrean.  Mr.  Jone» 
has  livfrd  longer  continuously  in  Moody  Co.,  than  any  other  resi^ 
dent  thereof.     Married  to  Miss  One  Wait. 

W^.  A.  Lindsay — firm  of  Bates  &  Lindsay  Bros,  proprs.  Flandrean 
Flouring  Mill;  born  in  Canada  West  in  1823;  located  at  St. 
Charles,  III.,  in  1840;  thence  to  Sycamore,  III.  Came  to  Flandrean 
August  23,  1881,  Married  to  B.  J.  Collins,  of  New  York;  have 
two  daughters, 

C.  C.  Martin — hardware;  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1839;  moved  to  Austin,  Minn.,  in  1865;  thence  to  Flandreau, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  business.  Married  to  Celestine 
Lowe,  and  has  one  son  and  two  daughters. 


392  FLANDREAU     BIOGRAPHIES. 

J.  H.  McMillan — grain  dealer;  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
1S37;  came  to  Houstin  Co.,  Minn.,  in  1857;  removed  to  Flandreau 
in  1879.  Married  to  J.  A.  Prentiss,  of  Illinois,  and  lias  one  son 
and  two  daughters. 

Michael  McDonnall — butcher;  born  in  Canada  in  1843;  located 
in  Fillmore  Co.,  Minn.,  in  1855;  came  to  Flandreau  in  April,  1880. 

Frank  Millard — livery,  feed  and  sale  stable;  born  in  Steuben 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1853;  settled  in  Winona  Co..  Minn.,  1865;  came  to 
Flandreau  in  1873.  Married  to  Lillie  J.  Parrott,  of  Illinois;  have 
one  child. 

A.  S.  Moulton — furniture  and  groceries;  born  in  Caledonia 
Co.,  Vt..;  came  west  in  September,  1878,  and  settled  in  Flandreau, 
immediately  engaging  in  his  present  business.  Married  Susan 
Clark,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire;  they  have  one  daughter. 

S.  N.  Neperud — merchant;  born  in  Vernon  Co.,  Wis.,  in  1856; 
came  to  Flandreau  in  1877;  engaged  in  farming  until  1880,  when 
in  company  with  his  brother  he  euiraged  in  the  business  of  general 
merchandise.  Married  MoUie  E.  Martinson,  a  native  of  the  same 
county  in  Wis. 

Hans  Olson — register  of  deeds  and  county  clerk;  born  in  Clay- 
ton Co.,  Iowa,  in  1852;  came  to  D.  T.,  in  1876  and  settled  in  this 
county;  elected  to  present  office  in  1879. 

M.  D.  L.  Pettigrew — proprietor  of  Flandreau  House;  born  in 
Ludlow,  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1834;  came  west  in  1855  and  settled 
in  Dane  Co.,  Wis.;  lie  removed  from  there  to  Kenosha;  thence  to 
Fillmore  Co.,  Minn.  In  June  1872  he  came  to  D.  T.  and  located  in 
this  localit}-;  in  1876  he  built  the  Flandreau  House,  which  he  has 
kept  since.  He  has  enlarged  same  within  the  last  year,  and  now 
has  a  large,  commodious  house. 

F.  W.  Pettigrew — real  estate  and  loan  agency;  born  in  Ver- 
mont in  1850;  came  west  in  1854,  and  located  with  his  parents  at 
Madison,  Wis.;  thence  they  removed  to  Evansville.  Came  to  Da- 
kota in  lc71,  and  settled  on  the  present  town  site  of  Flandreau, 
which  location  he  took  up  as  a  homestead.  Married  to  Jennie  S. 
Pettigrew,  and  has  one  daughter.  Is  Clerk  of  the  District  court, 
has  been  county  surveyor,  postmaster,  president  of  the  village 
board,  and  is  closely  identified  with  the  progress  of  the  community. 

George  Rice — attorney  at  law  and  loan  agent;  born  in  Butler 
Co.,  Iowa  in  1855;  came  here  in  1879  and  engaged  in  practicing 
law;  in  fall  of  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  county  treasurer 
of  Moody  Co. 

J.  A.  Scarnan,  M.  D. — born  in  Canada  in  1851;  came  to  De- 
troit, Mich.',  in  1872;  is  a  graduate  of  the  Detroit  Medical  College; 
came  to  Flandreau  in  April,  1878.  Married  D.  L.  Kendall,  of  Minn. 
Dr.  Seaman  is  the  government  i)hysician  for  the  Indians  of  this 
localily,  and  has  otherwise  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice. 


EDWIN  E,  SAG 


l>al£ot:i  Real  Ki^tate  Itoii^Ist.  Sol«l  aii<l 
llxc'Iiaiigecl.  I'axi's  I»ai«l  lor  l^oii-ISesi- 
dc'iits.     Sioiix  S'\il]»«<  1>.  1". 


DELL  RAPIDS,  D.  T. 

ALBIOX  THORNE, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 

KEAL  ESTATE 

Loan  and  Collection  Agency. 

DELiL.   RAPII>S. 

H.  L.  WHIT3IAN, 

Dealer  in 

General  Merchandise 

GEO.  WHITMAN,  Agent. 
DELL  RAPIDS. 

WRIGHT  &  HALL, 

ATTORNEYS  AT  LAW 

DELL,  RAPIDS. 

C.  J.  JOHNSON, 

Dealer  in 

AND  FAKM  IMPLEMENTS, 
DBLL   RAPIDS. 

GUST.    A.    ULINE, 

Dealer  in 

General  Merchandise 

DELL.   IIAPIWS. 

J.  F.  DEMEREE, 

DELL  RAPIDS. 

J.  S.  &  J.  C.  LEE, 

Dealers  in  Clothing, 

Hats,  Caps,  Boots  and  Shoes, 

DELL  KAPIDS, 

R.  A.  KNIGHT, 

Jeweler  &  Watclimaker 

DELL  RAPIDS. 

HENRY  COBB, 

Druggist  &  Stationer 

Prescriptii;ns  Carefully  Compounded. 
DELL  RAPIDS. 

W.  B.  PARKER, 

Pliysiciau  and  Surgeon 

DELL  RAPIDS. 

L.  N.  LOOMIS.                               ,IOS,  M.  A'ISBET. 

LOOMIS  &  NISBET, 

jVIanufacturers  of  and  dealers  In  Harness, 
Saddles,  Whips,  and  Horse  Furnish- 
ings, Trunks.  Valises,  Etc. 
DELL  RAPIDS. 

R  W.  HARPER, 

RE  ST AURANT 

DELL  RVPIDS. 

DR.  J.  E.  XUTTIXG, 

DENTIST 

E.  A.  RICHARDSON, 
CONFE  CTIONER. 

DELL  RAPIDS. 

L.  C.  HARRINGTON  &  SON, 

ALSO  MANUFACTUIIEKS  OF  WACONS. 
DELL     RAPIDS. 

EDWIN  E.  SAGE, 


I>akol:i  Keal  i:»»latc  ICohkIiI.  fSoltl  and 
ICx4*liau;;:e<l.  Xax4>!>>  I'iiitl  Ibi*  ]\ou- 
Ite**i<l4'it<»>.     Ni4>iiv  I'^iillN,  l>iikota. 


SPRINGFIELD,  D,  T.                       i 

1 

H.  A.  JA3IES, 

DEALKIt  IN 

HARDWARE 

STOVES  AND  TINWARE, 
SPR1^GFIEL.1>,           -          DAKOTA. 

Mrs.  James  &  Cochrane, 

DKAI-ERS   IN 

Hi  iiifiT^blies'Fiiriiisiiiiff  Goods 

DRESS  and  CLOAK  MAKING. 
SPRlNGFIEL,Di           -          DAKOTA 

J.  H.  STEPHENS, 

FURNITURE 

OF    EVERY    I>ESCR   PTION. 

-<^MATTRES;ES.  MIRRORS  and  UPHOLSTERED  GOODS.S,-^ 
$priii<;iield,  Dal  ota. 

Boiiesteel  &  Turner, 

DEALEKS   IN 

General  Merchandise 

Dry  Goods,  Clothirin-,  Roots,  Shoes  and 
Drug's.    Also  Asrriculturiil  Imp. 
{^""Branch  Store,  Niobrarn. 

SFRI.\GFIEL.D,  DAKOTA. 

E.  W.  3IONFORE, 

DEALER  IX 

GROCERIES  and  PROVISIONS 

SPRI1VGFIEL.D,       -       DAKOTA. 

Established  1873. 
Geo.  W.  Sterling'.                  .Ino.  C.  Klemmo. 

STERLING    &  KLEM3IE, 
COLLECTION,  IHSURAHCE, 

Real  Estate  &^  Money  Loaniiii^  Aoency 
SPRINGFIELD,   DAKOTA. 

ROBT.  P.  COVVGILL, 

Meat   Market ! 

A>D  PROVISION  STORE. 

SPRINGFIELD,    -     DAKOTA  TERR. 

L.  Schwerdlmann, 

Dealer  in 

General  Merchandise 

Bi*aii«'li  Score  at  TjiKlall. 

SPRINGFIELD,       -       -       DAKOTA. 

CHAS.  CURLIN, 

Pliysiciaii  and  Surgeon 

AND  DRIGGIST. 

SPRINGFIELD       -        -       DAKOTA. 

JOHN  FRY, 

nE,\LF.R  l.N 

StovesTinware 

SPRINGFIELD,  MAKOTA. 

J.  H.  STEPHENS, 

DEALER  IN  ALL  KINDS  OF 

LlheiimiHliMES 

AND  FURNITURE. 

SPRINGFIELD,       -       -       DAKOTA. 

A.  F.  3ICAULEY, 

GITY  BILLIARD  HALL:^^ 

SPRINGFIELD,  DAK. 

Mrs.  3Iary  E.  Love, 

I'ROl'RIETOR   OF 

SPRNGFELD  HOUSE! 

JAS.  H.  RASKIN, 

PROPRIETOR  OF 

Baskin  House! 

SPRINCiFIELD,       -       DAKOTA. 

SPRINGE   EL.D,  DAK. 

Edwin  E.Sage 


Dakota  Real  Estate  Bought,  Sold  and 
Exchanged.  Taxes  Paid  for  Nou-Resi- 
deuts.    Sioux  Falls,  1).  T. 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 


F.  W.  TAYLOK, 

Jlmdmwe,    Siovei,    d inmaM 

AND  CUTLERY, 

Wholesale  and  retail  agent  for   Buffalo 
Scale  Co.,  and  Urieutal  Powder  Mills. 

Howard  &  Taylor's  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 


E.  LARSOX, 

Dealer  in 

J{ii'Fdtuaie,Sicpei'and  Sinmtim 

Wliolesale  and  Retail. 
Phillips  Avenue,  Sioux  Falls. 


O.  S.  SWEXSON, 

Dealer  in 


Phillips  Avenue, 
SIOUX     F  A  L,  Li  S. 


LEAVITT  &  VINCENT, 

Pioneer   Ma i 'di ra t 'e, 

Wholesale  and  Retail. 
Phillips  Avenue,  Sioux  Falls. 


W.  H.  CORSON  &  BRO. 
CATARACT  HOUSE, 


K.  TH03IPS0N, 

Proprietor  of 

Thompson  House 

And   Dealer  in  Aorricultural  Implements. 
Phillips  Avenue,  Sioux  Falls. 


Proprietor 

MERCHAJVTS  HOUSE, 

Near  Milwaukee  Depot, 
Sioux  I'^alls*. 


JAMES  H.  HUTCHINS, 

Proprietor  of 

MADISON  m  DELL  RAPIDS  STAGE  LIKE 

Office:  SIOUX  FALLS. 


F.  W.  FARWELL, 

General  Music  Dealer 

Agent  for  all  Fii  st-Class  Musical 

Instruments 

One  door  south  of  Citizens'  Bank. 

SIOl  X  FAL,L,S. 


PHILO  HALL, 

CITY   BAKERY 

P]iillip9»  Ave,  iiiiioiix  FalLx. 


JACOB  BEECHER, 

MERCHANT  TAILOR 

Cloths  and  Suiting-  Always  on  Hand. 
Sioux  Falli^. 


A.  T.  HAYES, 

Bandy  d'actoj'y  and  SakeUj 

PHILLIPS  AVE.,  SIOUX  FALLS. 


DAHL  &  SCOYEN, 

MERCHANT    TAILORS 

A  variety  of  Cloths  and  Suiting's 
Always  on  hand. 

Pliillips  Aveuue,  !>>loux  I<^alZs. 


L.  T.  DUNNING, 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

Druggist  and  Stationer 

Paints,  Oils,  Wall  Piper,  and  Window  Shades 
Phillips  Ave  ,  Sioux  Falls. 


JOHN  KREBS, 

Proprietor  of 

Siotix  Falls  House, 

{■iioHX  I^alls. 


ALBERT  H.  STTIES, 

Graduate  of  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar- 
niacv, 

APOTHECARY  AND  CHEMIST 

Old   Land   Office    Building,    Sioux    Falls. 


f^      I  ■  l^H       ^  Dakota   IConI    ]^«tate    Hoiishi 

HnXA/in     H         ^^OrC^        Excliauaied.     TaxeKPaiaio 
■■■VI  VV  II  I    liiMB    X^C.4^W        dentil.    ^SJollx  Falls,  1>.  T. 


Dakota  Itonl    ]^«tate    Houslit,  Sold  and 

or  Noii-IleMi- 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 


> .  L.  ANDERSON, 

Mamifrtcturer  of 

ifgM  aaS  Mamf  ltaffttea§ 

Also,  Patentee  of  Anderson's  Patent  Trace 

Buckle,  Ifo.  2as,018,  Pat.  23d.  1881. 

SIOUX    FAI.I.S. 


('.  V.  BOOTH, 

ARCHITECT  I  BUILDER 

Also    INDIiUTVIiEK. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


Dealer  in 

Harness,  Saddles,  Whips 

Sec,  &c. 
PliilllpsATe.        SlOrX  FALLS. 


R,  H.  BOOTH, 

ARCHITECT^  RUI  LEER 

EMERSOX    BLOCK. 
!<ioiix  I'alls. 


EDAVIN  SHARPE  &  CO. 

Dealers  in 

PINE  LUMBER,  DOORS,  SASH 

Aiid  Biiildlii";  ITIaterlal. 

Pliillips  Ave.         SIOL^X  FALLS. 


THOS.  C.  MARSON, 

Contractor  and  Bnilder 

ALL  KINDS  OF  JOBBING 
Rear  1st  Nat.  Bank.  SIOUX  FALLS. 


A.  A,   GROUT, 
LUMBER    DEALER 


SIOUX    FALLS. 


F.  H,  PRUNER, 

General  Blacksmith 

Ilorseshoeiug  and  Plow  Work  a 

Specialty, 

Pliillil>$«  Ave.  ^iosix  Fall!i<. 


J,  AV.  Parker  &  Son, 

Dealers  in  all  ki ads  of 

LUMBER  >^  BUILDING  MATERIAL 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


NORTON  &  3IURRY, 

Dealers  in 

FABM   MACHINERY 

And  Manf's  of  Wagons  and  Carriages. 
Peillips  Ave.  SIOUX  FALLS. 


A,  PETTERSON, 


Dealer  in 


.\nd  Undertakers  Goodii, 

10th  St.  and  Phillips  Ave.    SIOUX  FALLS. 


HENJU3I  &  OLSON, 

General    Blacksmiths 

Opp.  Cascada  Mills. 
SIOUX    1'AI^I.S. 


I.    O.    I3ICKSOIV, 

Dealer  in 

FURNITURE,  3IIRR0RS 

Frames,  Pictures,  Mouldings,  etc. 
Rro^vii\>«  ItlU-.  Wioiix  Fall.s 


Striiigliaiii  &  Gillctt, 

Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 

FARM    MACHINERY 

Anloniali;-  'J'lvine  Hinders.  Kenosha   Fan- 
ning Mills,  Pumps.  Wairons  &  Carriages. 
Si4Mix  I'ailM. 


AV.  S.  DARBY, 

K.IIERSOTV    KLtXK, 
Sioux  I'lills. 


JOHN  P.  HOUTS, 

LIQUOR  DEALER 

SIOI  X    IMI.I.S. 


wm 


Dakota  Real  Gstate  Bo'rglit,  Sold  and 
Kxflianged.  Taxes  Paid  lor  Noii-Resi 
dents.     Sioux  Falls,  M.  T. 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 


II.  €}]I.UE:ii^. 

Wines,  Liquors,  Cigars 

AND    BILLilARD    ROO.llS. 

riiillips  Ave.  SIOUX  FALLS. 


Proprietoi-  of 

Under  Cataract  House  and  opp. 
Commercial  Hotel. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


I»IIII^1I»    PI^ASI'EK, 
Wholesale  and  Retail 

LIQUOR  DEALER 

8th  St.  Near  St.  Paul  Depot. 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


1{;MIB>C«E  &   IIAKMI*, 

DEALEKS  IN 

PHIL-LiIPS    AVENUE, 

SIOUX   FALLS. 


«Eo.  A.  m:\ott. 

Proprietor  of 

Sioux  Falls  Brewery 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


IIEY.'^SOM:^   15ROS. 

Manufacturers  of 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


II.   II.    t'ARKOI.I., 

PHILLIPS    AVENUE, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


MICIIAKI.  A:   KOBERXS, 

Proprietors  of 

City  Meat  Market 

Opposite  Commercial  Hotel, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


r».  isijsii, 
DENTAL  SURGEON 

Elmerson   Bloolc, 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


PHOTOGRAPHER 

Pliillips  Avenue, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


I.  Emerson.    E.  A.  Sherman.   G.  E.  Wheeler 

cascad'e^mills 

Patent   and  Choice   Family    Flours    from 
Dakota  t^pring-  Wheat. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


MRpi.  II.   EASTMAIV, 

Over  C'lietkered  Front. 

Phillips  Avenue,  SIOUX  FALLS. 


IIE?VRY  I»0]\XZ, 
91taim|^acl'urctcf  3^iiteGtc]ar:> 

PHILIilPS  AV  ENUE. 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


.11.  «ERir%, 

Dealer  in  Stajile  and  Fancv 

Provisions,  Crockery,  Glass  and 
Vl'oodenware. 

Kcd  Front.  Sioux  Falls. 


I.   li.  IBI  CK. 

Dealer  in  Groceries,  Provisions 

CROCKERY,  GLASSWARE,   Arc. 

Bucks'  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 


JOII.^'   IIE.^.II  11, 

Dealer  in 

STAPLE  and  FANCY  GROCERIES 

PHILLIPS     AVENUE, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


l>:ilKOta  Real  KNfalc  ItoitK'li'i  Nold  and 
l']x<-liaiiK'«'<l.  'l'ax«'s  l*aii4l  t'oi*  rVon-Ke»ii" 
«l«'nt!<.     !<iotix  Fall^i,  l>.  T. 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 


LEAVITT  BROS., 

STAPLE  AND  FANCY 


IMiillip!^  Ave, 


Sioux  Falliit. 


OSCAR  ERICKSOX, 

Dealer  in 

yfaiclui,  Bhclii  and  Jemelmj, 

PHILLIPS  AVENUE. 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


Johnson  &  Snndbacli, 

DEALERS   IN 

flOttiT,  fcc9,  lIDes  f  IDcoE 

Iiower  PliilUps  AT'eiiur, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


J.  C.  MOROAX, 

Pliysifiau  and  Surgeon, 

EnniSON    BLOCK, 

SIOUX   FALLS. 


S.  OLNEY, 

Physician  and  Snrgeon, 

PHILLIPS    AVENUE, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


A.  L.  MARCEY, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

Howard  &  Taylor's  Block, 

SIOUX   FALLS. 


EDWARD  WARSON, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

Howard  A.  Taylor's  Block, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


J.  C.  LeBLOND, 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 

PHILLIPS    AVENUE, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


Dr.  JAMES  BARROW, 

Veterinary    Surgeon, 

Vetc'iiniiry  .Mi'dii'ine  of  uU  kinds 
lor  Sale. 

PliilliPH  Avenue,       Sioux  Falls. 


G.  K.  GUNDER30N, 

Dealer  tii 

Outts  oat)  Bpoetingj  QoaSa 

PHILLIPS     AVENUE, 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


R.  G.  PAR3ILEY, 

Wholesale  and  Ketail 

It  In 


iiiiii  iiinuuu,ijuai,LiiiiD(x 

North  of  Elevator,      SIOUX  F/  LLS. 


PLACE  BROS.  &  CO. 
DEALERS  m  FUEL  OF  ALL  KINDS 

Coak,  Laekawainia,  Blossbnrs'.  Soft  Coal, 
Wood  and  a  General  Carta§:e  Line. 

Pliillil>s  and  7tli  Sts.        Sioux  Falls. 


S31EAD  &  ALGUIRE, 

Dealers  in 

WOOD,  COAL,  FLOUR  and  FEED 

Two  doors  South  Citizens'  liank. 
SIOUX    FALLS. 


W.  C.  BOYCE  &  CO. 


Dealers  in 


Flour,  Fead,  Grain,  Wood,  Goal, 

Wagons  and  t'arria^cs, 

Phillips  Avenue,      SIOUX  FALLS. 


Jacob  Schaetzel,  Jr. 

1LI¥EIR¥  IBAieW 

Buys  and  Sells   Horses. 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


POHTEH  P,  PECK, 

ANI>    H  VrK     LINE, 

9th  St.  roar  Cataraet  House.        Si;nix  Falls. 


EDWIN  E.  SAGE 


]>alcota  Real  Ktstate  Itoiiglit,  Nold  and 
Kxclianged.  Xaxew  I»aid  i'oi-  ]!%oi»-Resi- 
(lents.     Nioiix  l-^all<4,  1>.  'V. 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 


C.  H.  WINSOR, 

Howard  A:  Taylor's  Buililiiig, 
SIOUX  FAIiLS. 


L.  31.  ESTABROOK, 

Dealer  m  Keal  Estate. 
Phillips  Avenue.  SIOUX  FALIiS. 


FREE  &  POLK, 

UVND,  LOANS  AM>   COLLECTIONS 

Attorneys  at  Lav/. 

A  Coicplete  Set  of  Abstracts  of  Mimie- 
lialia   County. 


R.  J.  WELLS, 

Over  First  ZS'ational  Bank, 


PARLIMAX  &  FRIZZELL 

Jliiotnetj-i  ul  ^mv^, 


Brown's  Block. 


SIOUX  FALLS. 


JOHX  BIPPUS, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 

Second  door  east  of  Court  House, 

SIOUX   FALLS. 


CHAS.  E.  GREGORY, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 

Opposite  Cataract  House, 
SIOUX  FALLS. 


SIOUX  FALLS. 


C.  H.  VVYXN, 

Edinison  Block, 
SIOUX    FAL  LS. 


KERSHAW  &  FLAGG, 

ATTORNEYS  AT  LAW 

Eeal  Estate  and  Loan  Office, 
Opposite  Cataract  House.      Sioux  Fall»i. 


THOS.  H.  FAIRFAX, 

ATTORNEY  AT   LAAV 

Ninth  Street,  two  doors  east  of  Court 
House. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


D.  A.  BROWN, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW 

And  Real  Estate  Agent. 
Bro«'n's  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 


L.   S.  SAVEZEY, 

WERCLU  AND  REAL  ESIAIE  LMV 


SIOUX  FALLS. 


W.  W.  BROOKINGS, 

Real  Estate  Dealer 


SIOUX  FALLS. 


EDAVIN  E.  SAGE, 
Real  Estate  and  Loan  Ag't 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


G.  P.  CROSS, 

Law  and  Real  Estate 


S  OUX  FALLS. 


CYRUS  WALTZ, 

ABSTRACTS  OF  TITLE 

Real  Estate  Dealer  and  Clerk  of  the 
District  Court. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 


r~^|.  .'^  P~  ^^^--k  l>i»ko«i  K?al  KMiite  Ki>ii»;lit  Sold  aiul 
l^flXA/in  t_  ^?10^^  E.vclian-ecl.  Thxoh  I>ai<l  lur  Noii- Kcsi 
IibbWIVtIII    !■— ■    Xi'iA^V^         deiitM.    Sioux  I'allN,  U.  T. 


SIOUX  FALLS,  D.  T. 

BRIGGS  &  ROBINSON, 

Insurance, 

p.  O.  Block,                    SIOUX  FAL.L,S. 

C.  K.  HOAVARD, 

Dealer  in 

General  Merchandise 

SIOUX  FALLS. 

L.  D.  HENRY, 

Jflomtj  and  J^oan  Jl6eni 

Always  a  Large  Amount  of  Land  For  Sale 

(Jhcap. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 

J.  B.  CLOUDAS  &  CO. 

Dculers  in 

Clothing,  Hats,  Caps 

Trunks  and  Gents'  Furi.ishing-  Goods. 
SIOUX  FALLS. 

GEO.  W.  LEWIS, 

(Jnimance,  ckml  SUah  ^  ^mn 

AGENT, 

Over  First  ^lational  Bank. 

Sioux  Falls. 

A.  W.  ALLISON, 

Dealer  in 

One  door  nf)rth  of  Taylor's  Hardware, 
SIOUX  FALLS. 

GUY  C.  WEED, 

COLLECTOR 

Howard's  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 

AV.  R.  KINGSBURY, 

Dealer  in 

Di'j  GooiLs  Nolif]!!,^.  Furiiisliiiiff  GooJs, 

Merchant  Tailoring-.           Sewing-  Machines. 
Pliillips  Ave.,  Sioux  Fall.v. 

FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK 

Capital  and  Surplus,  ^70,000. 

J.  YOUNG,  President;  H.  L.  HOLLISTER, 
Cashier;  C.  L.  NORTON,  Asst.  Cashier. 

SIOUX  FALLS. 

W.  C.  WATERS, 

Dealer  in 

JjUj  Qood^,   yrciioii-5,   iBarpeti 

And  Furnishing-  Goods, 
Cataract  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 

CITIZENS'   BANK, 

HILLS  &  BEEBE,  Props. 

LOAN  INET  ON  REAL  miESECIRlTIES 

PHILLIPS  AVE.,  SIOUX  FALLS. 

JOHN  M.  ENTZMINGER, 

Manufacturer  and  Denier  in 

BOOTS  AND   SHOES 

Cataract  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 

McKINNEY  &   SCOUGAL 

SIOUX   FALLS. 

Branches:    Dell  Rapids  and  Yankton. 
D.  L.  McKINNEY.         GEO.  R.  SCOUGAL. 

S.  31.  BEAR  &  CO. 

Dealers  in 

Booh,  Slationerv,  Wall  Paper,  FaDcy  Goods 

NEWS  DEPOT, 
Plilllips  Avenue,  Sioux  Falls. 

F.  A.  KENNARD, 

Dealer  in 

DRY  OOODS,  NOTIONS  AND  CLOTIIING, 

Cataract  Block,  Sioux  Falls. 

C.  F.  SISCIIO, 

Biacfi-y    7lrafclie6  and  Jmchtj 

Solid  and  Plated  Tableware, 

Repairing:  and  Engraving-  a  Specialty. 

Browrn'M  Block,                  Sioux  Falln. 

4970