Skip to main content

Full text of "History of the town and city of Gloucester, Cape Ann, Massachusetts"

See other formats 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


&-*** 


Established    1867. 


SYLYANUS  SMITH  5;  COMPANY, 

Wholesale 
Kish  *  * 
Dealers,  * 

No.  ^I-Ol   TM^HIIS  SxReex, 

GLOUCESTER,   MASS. 

SVLVANUS  SMITH.  E.  ».   BRADLEY.  HOWARD  F.  SMITH. 


ESTABLISHED   IN    1859. 


D.  C.  &  H.  BABSON, 

producers,  N 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN  FISH, 

GLOUCESTER,    MASS. 


JOHN  W.  ROWE, 

.     .     .     Jobber  and  Retailer  of    .     .    . 

Dry  Goods  and  Gar petings, 

117    MAIN    STREET, 

GLOUCESTER,       ..        .        .       MASS. 

J.    Q.    BENNETT.  W.    A.    BENNETT. 


DEALERS  IN  ALL  KINDS  OF 

-A. 


Franklin.    (     C3A       c^    Anthracite. 

iv£^ ^ 

HARD    AND    SOFT    WOOD 

Sawed  and  Split  to  Order  and  Delivered  at  Short  Notice. 


COR.  ROGERS  AND  DUNCAN  STS., 

GLOUCESTER,  MASS, 


GRIFFIN  &  CO., 


DEALERS  IN 


WOOD    AND   COAL, 

Wharf,  21  Fort  Square, 
GLOUCESTER,        ....  MASS. 

M.    H.    PERKINS,  %  i  23 

.   :    Registered  Pharmacist.    :   . 


Physicians'  Prescriptions   Compounded  with   Care  and  Accuracy. 

A   Full  Line  of  Druggists'  Goods  of  all  Descriptions. 


272  MAIN  STREET, 


GLOUCESTER,  MASS, 


F.  T.    HALL,  JR., 

DEALER   IN 

BOOTS,  SR0ES  AND  RUBBERS, 


HONEST    GOODS 
AT  FAIR  PRICES. 


No  266  1-2  MAIN  STREET,  MADDOCKS'  BLOCK. 


There  are  Many  . 
Advantages  in  . 
Trading  .... 
With  ..... 
Leading  .... 
Cash  .  .  .-  .  . 
Houses 


EVERYONE  KNOWS  IT!  COMPETITORS  ADMIT  IT. 

B.  Haskell  &  Sons, 


ARE    THE 


IB. 


i 

Carry  the  Largest  Stock  of  Standard 
}|r  Crockery  and  Class,  Nails,  Hardware,  Etc., 
J  In  the  City.  Sell  Meats,  Fresh  and  Salt, 
Lower  than  the  Lowest. 

ESTABLISHED 

1865. 


JONAS  SPAULDING.  STEPHEN   A     FROST. 

SPAULDING  &  FROST, 
General  Cooperage. 

BARRELS,  HALFS,  QUARTERS,  KITS 
AND  PAILS.  FISH,  PICKLE,  MO- 
LASSES AND  GLUE  PACKAGES. 


FACTORY,    CLEVELAND    STREET, 

Gloucester,     Mass. 

Established    1877. 

L.  H.  MERCHANT  &  CO., 

BOX  MANUFACTURERS, 

Plain  and  Fancy  0100D  PRlHTIflG  of  Every  Description. 


Wax  and  Parchment  Papers. 


ADVERTISING  SIGNS  ON  WOOD.          SISflli  AND 

KITS  AND  PAILS.  HALF  AND  QUARTER 
BARRELS,  Etc.  BOTTLE  CASES  OF 
EVERY  DESCRIPTION.  COMPRESSED 
SAWDUST  IN  BALES 

Willow  and  Cleveland  Streets,  Gloucester,  Mass. 


KRANK    STANWOOD, 

.     .     .     UJhoiesale  Dealer  in     ... 

Dry  and 
Piekled  pish, 


AND 


H  75  L- I  BUT. 


94  and  96   Commercial  St., 

GLOUCESTER, 


WILLIAM  DENNETT, 

Wholesale,  Retail  and  Commission  Dealer  in 

Kreshi 
Kishi.  . 

HALIB6T  A  SPECIALTY. 


Wharf  at  Fort  Point, 
GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


H.    HUNT, 

.     .     .     DEALER  IN         .     . 

,  CARPETS  and  UPHOLSTERY, 

125  &  127  Main  Street, 

GLOUCESTER,  .         .        .  MASS. 

E.  G.  HOTCHKISS  &  COMPANY, 

HIGH  CLASS  GOODS  ...... 

BONELESS  FISH  A   SPECIALTY. 

41,  43,  45  &  47  ROGERS  STREET,  GLOUCESTER,  _MASS. 

ESTABLISHED  1868. 

GEORGE     K.     BHRNHRD, 

THE  CARRIAGE 
MAKER.      ... 


PHIISTINC     K 

No.  6  Commercial  Street,      .     .      Gloucester,  Mass. 
WM,    F,    MOORE    &    GO., 

dlholesale  pish  Dealers. 

MACKEREL    A    SPECIALTY. 


Commercial  St,  and  Pavilion  Beach,        Gloucester,  Mass, 


J.  C.  CALEF  &  COMPANY, 


.     DEALERS  IN    . 


Dry  Goods 


AND- 


Cat*petings. 


Nos.    83    &    85     Main    St., 
GLOUCESTER,        .         . 


G.  H.  &  W.  A.  [NICHOLS, 


PRINTERS. 


BOOK    f\ND     PflMPHLET     WORK 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 


411    UNION    STREET, 

Rooms  5,6,7&  11.  LYNN,    MASS. 


JAMBS     H.    TARR, 

Gloucester,  Mass.,   U.   S.  A., 

M  AND  FACT  UKKK    OK 

f4euj  England  Bt*and  Copper  Paint 

For  Wooden  Bottom  Vessels  and  Boats;  Also, 

MARINE  ANTI-FOULINE  PAINT 

For  Iron  Vessel's  Bottoms. 

The  above  Paints  have  been  thoroughly  tested  the  past  ten  years,  and  their  good  qualities  are  well  known 
to  the  Commercial  World. 

PORT  TOWNSRND,  W.  T.,  March  4,  iS8,8. 
JAMKS    M.   TARR,   KSO.,  Gloucester,  Mass. 

Dear  Sir  :  —  I  feel  under  obligations  to  highly  recommend  your  Copper  Paint  as  the  best  I  have  ever 
used  on  a  vessel.  The  Schooner  "  Mollie  Adams  "  had  it  on  her  for  four  months  and  a  half,  and  she  has 
come  'round  the  Horn  in  all  the  warm  weather  in  the  North  and  South  Atlantic,  and  North  and  South  Pacific, 
and  she  looks  extra  well.  There  are  no  barnacles  or  grass  on  her;  the  paint  has  worn  off  but  very  little,  and 
I  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  all  as  an  A  i  article.  Vours  truly, 

CAI-T.  SOLOMON   JACOI'.S. 

NEW  YORK,  April  15,  1892. 

Having  applied  JAMES  H.  TARR'S  Anti-Fouling  Paint  on  the  bottoms  of  Iron  Vessels  at  my  Dry  Dock, 
Pier  52,  E.  R.,  to  a  certain  extent  the  past  two  seasons,  I  am  pleased  to  state  the  same  has  given  general  satis- 
faction, and  parties  who  have  used  it  desire  that  1  keep  it  in  stock  for  this  season's  use. 

WM.   JENKINS  X-  CO.,  East  River  Dry  Dock,  Pier  52,  East  River. 


ESTABLISHED  1855. 


JAS.  G.  TARR  &  BROTHER, 

Wholesale     . 
Fish  Dealers. 


ROCKY   NECK,          GLOUCESTER,   MASS. 


JAMES  G.  TARR. 

D.  SHERMAN  TARR. 


B.  N.  TARR 


DAVID  TARR. 
T.  L.  TARR. 


M.   BUNKER, 

75  MAIN  STREET,    .    .    .    GLOUCESTER,  MASS., 


the 


Largest  Millinery  . 
Establishment   .     . 


WE  KEEP  THE  LARGEST  STOCK, 
WE  SELL  MORE  GOODS,      . 

.     .     and  Employ  More  Help  than   any   House  in   Essex  County.     Our  Millinery  . 

.     .     is  the  Most  Stylish,  our  Salesladies  and  Trimmers  are  Superior.     In  con-  . 

.     .     nection  with  our   Millinery  we  have  a  Bleachery,  where  we  Renovate  and  . 

.     .     Remodel  Old   Hats  to  look  like  new.     We  also  Manufacture  most  of  our  . 
.     .     Hats  in  the   Latest  Designs.     For  Style  and   Prices  Call   at         ..... 


76  MAIN  ST.,    .     .    GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 

EDWARD  W.  HOWE,      *      *      * 

.  :  Pharmacist,  :  . 

18    MAIN    STREET,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


Physicians'     Prescriptions     Carefully     Compounded.        Proprietor    of 
Howe'    Blackberry   Cordial,   a   Sure  Cure  for  Cholera   Morbus. 


Established  1888. 


J.  HOWARD  PROCTER, 

Furniture, 
Bedding  and 
Upholstery, 

NOS.  119  &  121  MAIN  ST.,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


TAPPAN, 


CLOTHING, 

ONE 

PRICE. 

LARGEST  STOCK,  LIGHTEST  STORE, 
CENTRAL  LOCATION,  EASILY  FOUND, 
STRICTLY  ONE  PRICE,  ALWAYS  THE 
LOWEST. 

ESTABLISHED    1833. 

VINCENT  SPRING  PHARMACY. 

PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  GIVEN  TO   COM- 
POUNDING   PHYSICIANS   PRESCRIPTIONS. 

DIRECTLY    OVER   THE   SITE    OF    THE    ORIGINAL    VlflCENT 
WILLIAM  J.    MADDOCKS,   PROPRIETOR, 


266     7WVKIN     STREET, 


C.  A.   MASON, 

Jobber  and  Retailer,  ®          @ 

Dry  and  Fancy  Goods,  ^ 

NO.  274  MAIN  STREET.  OPP.  BOSTON  BRANCH  GROCERY, 

GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


BOSTON  STORE. 


W.  G.  BROWN  £  Co, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

FOREIGN    f\ND    DOMESTIC 


•     VII  v  I  W* 


FRENCH,  ENGLISH 

GERMAN,  AND   AMERICAN 

Dt*ess  Goods,  Silks  and  Velvets 

IN  GREAT   VARIETY. 


AILL^TH^POPU I LAR  J3RAINDS_ATJ]HE 
LOWEST  MARKET  PRICES. 


LADIES',  MISSES'  AND  CHILDREN'S 

JACKETS,  CLOAKS,  CAPES  AND  LONG   GARMENTS. 


Boys   Knee  Pants,  the  Largest  Line  in  Gloucester. 


SOLE  AGENTS  IN  GLOUCESTER 
FOR  BUTTERICK'S  PATTERNS. 


186  &  188  Main  Street,  Gloucester,  Mass. 


August  23,   1892. 

\VfE   this  day  complete  our  516th  week  selling  Men's  Cloth- 
ing at  the  Old  Stand 


COR.  MAIN  and  PEARCE  STREETS. 

Our    Motto   is   and   always   has   been   "Reliable   Goods   at 
Honest   Prices." 


D    O.    F=ROST, 

GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


W.    J.     HARRIS, 


Dealer  in 


Boots,  Shoes  and  Rubbers, 


STREET, 


GLOUCESTER. 


WM.  E.  CALL  &  Co., 


WHOLESALE   ANL)    KETA1L    DKALBKS    IN 


36  Washington  St.  and   1   Washington  Sq., 


LARGEST  FACTORY,  LARGEST  SALE,  AND  ACKNOWLEDGED  THE  BEST. 


^ON,».          ivf  1M% 

^r^  M*fe^i%v?3.A.&*w''^ 


PRIZE  MEDALS  AWARDED  TARR&WONSONS  COPPER  PAINT. 

Taw  &  WODSOD'S  Copper  Paint, 

FOR  WOODEN  VESSELS'  BOTTOMS. 

A  perfect  substitute  for  metal  sheathing  for  one  year,  effectually  protecting  the  bottom 
from  boring  of  worms,  and  the  adhesion  of 

Barnaeles,    Grass,     Seaweed,    Moss,    Etc. 

When  used  strictly  in  accordance  with  directions  for  use  it  gives  entire  satisfaction, 
and  our  largely  increased  sales  proves  it  is  preferred  to  all  others. 

TRY  IT  AND    YOU    WILL    USE   NO    OTHER. 


THE  BEST 
IS  CHEAPEST. 


IT  HAS 
NO  EQUAL 


Jj^""  Heware   of  imitations,  each  can  bears  our  patented    Trade-Mark  and  is  sealed 
with  stamped  cover.      Correspondence  solicited. 

MANUFACTORY.  WAREROOMS  AND  OFFICE.  GLOUCESTER.  MUSS.,  U.  S.  A. 


Established    1863. 


HISTORY 


TOWN   AND   CITY 


GLOUCESTER, 


CAPE  ANN,  MASSACHUSETTS. 


BY  JAMES    R.    PRINGLE. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


GLOUCESTER,     X-1  ASS.  : 

13Y     THE     AUTHOR. 
1892. 


Entered  According  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  Year  1892, 

By  JAMES  R.   PRINGLE, 
In   the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


G.   H.  &  W.  A.  NICHOLS,   PRINTERS,    LYNN,    MASS. 


DEDICATED    TO 


V.     B. 


1404174 


TABLiE    OF    CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER    I. 
Norsemen  and  Other  Early  Voyagers . 

Was  Thorwold  Buried  on  Cape  Ann,  "The  Cape  of   the   Cross!"    Gosnold,    Pring,  Champlain, 
Smith   and  Other  Intrepid  Navigators  Cruise  in  New  England  Waters. 


CHAPTER     II. 
Cape  Ann  Visited  by  the  Chevalier  Champlain  in  1606         ....       14 

Comes  to  Anchor  in  the  Harbor  Which  He  Names  Le  Beauport.  Kinds  a  Thrifty  Tribe  «f 
Indians  Tilling  the  Soil.  Frustrates  a  Warlike  Attack.  History  of  the  Red  Men  of  the 
Cape. 

CHAPTER    III. 
Foundation  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony .18 

Town  Settled  in  1623  by  the  Dorchester  Company.  Pilgrims  Secure  Rights  on  the  Cape. 
Miles  Standish,  Capt.  Hewes  and  Roger  Conant.  Home  Company  Recalls  Colonists  and 
Abandons  the  Settlement  in  1625.  Conant  and  the  Greater  Part  of  Those  Remaining  Remove 
to  Salem.  Robinson's  Annisquam  Colony  in  1630.  Reinforcements  from  Plymouth.  Town 
Incorporated  in  1642  and  Named  Gloucester. 


CHAPTER    IV. 

Town  Begins  Corporate  Career 24 

First  Selectmen.  Saw-Mills,  Ship-Building  and  Timber  Laws.  First  Meeting  House  and 
Pastors.  King  Philip's  War.  First  Land  Grants.  Resists  Gov.  Andros.  Witchcraft  Delu- 
sion. Other  Happenings. 

CHAPTER    V. 
The  Early  Settlers 36 

List  of  Those  Who  Became  Inhabitants  of  Cape  Ann  before  1700.  Hardy  Pioneers  Who  Left 
Pleasant  Homes  in  Old  England  to  Hazard  New  Fortunes  in  the  Western  World. 


CONTENTS.  5 

CHAPTER    VI. 

From  1700  to  1750 54 

Exodus  from  the  Old  Village.  Second  Parish.  Phillip's  Piratical  Gang  Captured.  Division  of 
Woodland  in  1723.  Third  Parish.  Emigration  to  Falmouth  and  New  Gloucester.  King 
George's  War  and  Gloucester  Company  at  I.ouisburg.  Peg  Wesson.  Old  Defences  at  Fort 
Square.  List  of  Settlers  Who  Came  Here  Between  1700  and  1750.  Fifty  Years  of  Progress. 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce. 


CHAPTER    VII. 

From  1750  to  1800 67 

Active  Participation  in  French  Wars.  At  Crown  Point.  Unfortunate  Acadians.  At  Ticon- 
deroga.  Town  Prosperous.  Small  Pox  Prevails.  Denounces  Stamp  Act  and  Tea  Tax. 
Overt  Acts  of  Disloyalty.  Town  Prepares  for  Impending  Conflict.  Boycotts  Tories. 
Gloucester  Troops  at  Bunker  Hill.  Young  Webber  Kills  Major  Pitcairn.  Linzee's  Attack. 
Privateering  Operations.  Impoverished  Condition  of  the  People.  Return  of  Peace.  Revival 
of  Commerce.  Difficulties  with  the  French.  John  Murray's  Preaching.  Shay's  Rebellion. 
Constitution  Ratified.  Negroes.  Selectmen.  Poor  House.  Evening  of  the  Century. 


CHAPTER    VIII. 

From  1800  to  1860 90 

Sketch  of  Front,  now  Main  Street.  Opposition  to  the  Embargo  Act.  Unwelcome  War  of  1812 
Attack  on  Sandy  Bay.  Privateering.  Sandy  Bay  Universalists.  Split  in  the  First  Parish. 
Formation  of  the  Evangelical  Congregational  Society.  The  Unitarian  Church.  Slow  Growth 
in  Population.  View  in  1817.  In  1830.  Fishing  and  Commerce.  The  Dr.  Moriarty 
Episode.  History  of  the  Fishing  Bounties.  Forty-niners.  Accession  to  Population.  Old 
Training  Days. 

CHAPTER    IX. 

From  1861  to  1866 114 

Minutemen  of  '61.  Patriotic  Women.  Co.  G  Helps  Save  Old  Ironsides.  First  Three  Years' 
Men.  Patriotic  Resolutions  Adopted.  Co.  G  Given  a  Grand  Reception  on  Its  Return. 
Rockport's  "Kimball  Guards."  Fish  Business  Increased.  Disastrous  Gale.  State  Aid  and 
Bounties.  Pirate  "Tacony"  Destroys  Fishing  Vessels.  Government  Erects  Forts.  Recruit- 
ing for  the  Navy.  Great  Fire  of  1864.  Demonstration  Against  Disloyalists.  Records  of 
Soldiers  and  Sailors. 


CHAPTER    X. 


From  1866  to  1874 

Marked  Increase  of  Population.  Era  of  Prosperity  in  the  Fisheries.  New  Town  House 
Erected.  Destroyed  by  Fire.  Rebuilt.  Severe  Gale.  International  Courtesies.  Election 
Tide  Turns.  Canadian  Cruisers  Sei/.e  Fishing  Vessels.  Political.  Visit  of  Henry  Samuelson. 
M.  P.  Presentation.  Canadians  RenSw  Hostilities.  Recapture  of  the  "Horton.''  More 
Seizures.  The  Fishery  Question  Reviewed 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER   XI. 

Incorporation  as  a  City 237 

First  Efforts  For  the  Adoption  of  a  City  Charter  Fails.  Second  Successful.  Divided  Into 
Wards.  First  City  Election.  Robert  R.  Fears  Elected  Mayor.  Allan  Rogers  Chosen  as 
Chief  Executive.  Centennial  Exhibit.  The  Halifax  Commission  and  Its  Award  of  $5,500,000. 
Mayor  J.  Franklin  Dyer.  The  Fortune  Bay  Riot.  William  Williams  Elected  Mayor.  Pro- 
test Against  the  Treaty  of  Washington.  Joseph  Garland  Elected  Mayor.  Mr.  Williams 
Re-elected.  Succeeded  by  William  H.  Wonson,  jd.  John  S.  Parsons  the  Next  Chief  Execu- 
tive. Successful  Crusade  Against  Lawbreakers  Trouble  With  City  Marshals.  Fishery 
Troubles  Renewed.  David  I.  Robinson  Chosen  Mayor.  Retaliatory  Bill.  Seizures  of  Fishing 
Vessels.  Bayard-Chamberlain  Treaty.  Modus  Vivendi.  Mayor  Robinson  Refuses  to  Sign 
Liquor  Licenses  and  Resigns.  W.  W.  French  Elected.  More  Seizures  of  Vessels.  ,Asa  G. 
Andrews,  Mayor.  1892.  The  250th  Anniversary  of  Incorporation. 


CHAPTER   XII. 
The  Fisheries 281 

Early  Pursued  in  American  Waters.  Rise  and  Growth  of  the  Industry  in  Gloucester.  Fishing 
Grounds.  Methods  of  Catching  Cod  arid  Mackerel.  Statistics.  Co-operative  Feature.  Evolu- 
tion of  the  Schooner. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 
Places  of  Interest 288 

General  Description.     Rafe's  Chasm.     "Old  Mother  Ann."     "Whale's  Jaw."     Rocking  Stone. 
The  Magnolia.     The  Willows.     Drives  by  Sea  and  Shore. 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

Churches  and   Schools 291 

Congregationalists.  Unitarians.  First  Lniversalist  Church  in  America  Established  by  Rev. 
John  Murray.  Capt.  Benjamin  Hale,  Jr.,  First  Preaches  the  Baptist  Doctrine  at  Sandy  Bay. 
Methodists  of  the  Cape.  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Episcopalianism.  Schools. 


CHAPTER    XV. 
Fires  and   Murders 309 

Early   Conflagrations.     Fires  of    1X30  and   1*64.      Other    Events   of   this   Character.      Serious 
Casualty  at  the  Dale  Residence.     Pluinmer,  Parsons,  and  Other  Murders. 


CHAPTER    XVI. 
Miscellaneous  .        .         . .     319 

Old  Houses.     Custom  House  and  Post  Office.     Water  Works.     Newspapers.     Banks.     Glouces- 
ter LyccMim  anrl  Sawyer  Free  Library.      Huntress  and  Gilbert  Homes.     Secret  Societies. 

Business  Men  of  Today 331 

Comprehensive  Review  of  Leading  Industries  and  Firms  Engaged  in  Commercial  Enterprises. 


PREFACE. 


THE  approach  of  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  incor- 
poration of  the  town  of  Gloucester,  and  the  demand  for  a  history  which 
shall  present  the  principal  events  that  have  occurred  from  its  discovery 
and  settlement  has  led  to  the  writing  of  this  work.  The  record  of  the 
town  in  the  civil  war,  in  many  respects  one  of  the  most  important  in  its 
annals,  is  here  given  for  the  first  time.  Coming  when  the  ranks  of  the 
veterans  are  fast  being  depleted,  this  portion  of  the  work  cannot  but  prove 
of  value.  The  complications  arising  from  disputes  between  the  Canadian 
Government  and  American  fishermen,  with  the  record  of  seizures  of  fishing 
vessels,  also  receive  their  initial  presentation. 

This  work,  prepared  at  intervals  during  an  active  service  in  the  journal- 
istic profession,  is  submitted  to  the  public  as  the  effort  of  one  desirous  of 
advancing  in  every  way  the  interests  of  his  native  town. 

JAMES  R.  PRINGLE. 

AUGUST,  1892. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Norseman  and  Other  Early  Voyagers. 

WAS  THORWALD  BURIED  ON  CAPE  ANN,  "THE  CAPE  OF  THE  CROSS !" 
GOSNOLD,  PRING,  CHAMPLAIN,  SMITH  AND  OTHER  INTREPID  NAVI- 
GATORS CRUISE  IN  NEW  ENGLAND  WATERS. 

A  DOWN  the  misty  corridors  of  time,  when  Prince  Sweyn  of  Den- 
mark, banished  from  his  father's  realm,  was  flaunting  the 
Danish  raven  in  the  face  of  Ethelred  the  Unready,  king  of  England, 
the  unworthy  descendant  of  the  great  Alfred,  while  Robert  I,  son  of 
Hugh  Capet,  was  on  the  French  throne,  and  when  Europe  was  first 
awakening  from  its  barbarism,  the  adventurous  Norse  sea  kings  had 
discovered,  and  to  some  extent  inhabited  what  is  now  termed 
America.  Of  this  fact,  in  the  light  of  recent  historical  discoveries, 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  At  the  end  of  the  tenth  and  the  beginning 
of  the  eleventh  centuries  Labrador,  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia, 
New  England,  and  perhaps  other  sections  were  visited,  and  settled 
temporarily.  The  Scandinavian  Sagas,  through  the  efforts  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Copenhagen,  have  been  given  to  the  world,  and  the 
proof  contained  in  them  concerning  the  discovery  of  the  new  conti- 
nent is  uncontrovertible.  The  recent  researches  of  Prof.  Horsford 
and  his  strong  arguments,  backed  by  documentary  evidence,  go  to 
show  that  the  fair  city  of  the  Norsemen,  Norumbega,  was  founded 
on  the  banks  of  the  classic  Charles.  To  be  brief,  we  gather  from 
these  Sagas,  which  are  a  sort  of  epic  poem  recounting,  besides  other 
achievements,  the  deeds  of  the  men  who  from  the  Scandinavian 
shores  first  saw  the  New  World,  that  a  Norse  navigator,  by  name 
Herjulfson,  was  caught  in  a  storm  off  Greenland  and  driven  west- 
ward to  Newfoundland  and  Labrador.  Herjulfson  made  no  attempt 


10  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

to  land,  but  he  and  his  crew  carried  home  wonderful  stories  of  the 
newly  discovered  country.  This  account  stirred  the  ambition  of  the 
Norsemen  to  pursue  the  discovery  farther,  and  in  1001,  fourteen 
years  later,  Lief  Erickson,  with  a  hardy  crew,  turned  the  prow  of  his 
craft  toward  the  New  World.  He  reached  the  continent,  cruised 
southward  as  far  as  Rhode  Island,  and  was  charmed  by  the  mildness 
of  the  climate  and  attractiveness  of  the  country.  He  in  turn  was 
followed  by  his  brother  Thorwald,  who  sailed  leisurely  along  the 
coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Rhode  Island,  making  frequent  stops  at 
convenient  bays  and  mouths  of  rivers  to  conduct  explorations  into 
the  interior.  In  1004  Thorwald  set  sail  from  the  southern  part  of 
Vineyard,  Rhode  Island,  steered  eastward  and  then  northward.  He 
'  "passed  a  remarkable  headland  and  bay  which  was  opposite  another 
headland."  This  he  called  "Kialarnes"  or  the  "keel  cape"  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  keel  of  a  ship.  There  is  no  doubt  but  what  this 
was  Cape  Cod. 

Thence  he  sailed  along  the  eastern  coast  of  the  land  to  a  prom- 
ontory which  there  projected  and  which  was  covered  with  forest. 
Having  anchored  in  the  bay,  Thorwald  and  his  crew  went  ashore  to 
explore.  He  was  delighted  with  the  place.  "Here,"  said  Thorwald, 
"it  is  beautiful,  and  here  I  should  like  to  fix  my  dwelling."  Some 
time  was  consumed  in  wandering  about  the  shore,  and  when  at 
length  they  were  preparing  to  leave  the  boats  they  discerned  three 
hillocks  of  sand  which,  from  their  curious  appearance,  attracted 
attention.  The  party  immediately  investigated  and  found  that  these 
were  composed  of  canoes,  overturned,  covered  with  sand  as  a  dis- 
guise. Underneath  each  of  these  canoes  were  found  three  Indians 
or  "Skrellings"  in  the  quaint  Norse  language.  They  were  evidently 
a  reconnoitring  party.  The  Indians  showed  fight  and  both  were 
soon  involved  in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict  in  which  eight  of  the  sav- 
ages were  slain,  one  escaping  in  a  canoe.  He  evidently  spread  the 
news,  for  in  a  short  time  after  Thorwald  and  his  crew  were  safe  on 
board  the  ship  a  multitude  came  from  out  another  part  of  the  bay 
toward  the  place  where  the  Norse  ship  was  anchored  and  com- 
menced a  furious  onslaught  with  arrows  on  the  crew.  The  latter 
endeavored  to  protect  themselves  by  raising  battle  screens  about  the 
sides  of  the  ship.  Thorwald  was  everywhere  directing  the  skirmish. 
The  "skrellings"  continued  to  shoot  for  a  while  and  then  retired  but 
not  before  the  mighty  Thorwald  had  received  a  mortal  wound.  Per- 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  11 

ceiving  that  his  end  was  near  he  summoned  his  band  to  his  couch 
and  said,  "I  now  advise  you  to  prepare  for  your  departure  as  soon  as 
possible,  but  me  you  shall  bring  to  the  promontory  where  I  thought  it 
good  to  dwell.  It  may  be  that  it  was  a  prophetic  word  which  fell 
from  my  mouth  about  my  abiding  here  for  a  season.  There  you 
shall  bury  me  and  plant  a  cross  at  my  head  and  also  at  my  feet  and 
call  the  place  Krossanes  (the  cape  of  the  cross)  in  all  time  to  come." 

Here  the  renowned  viking  died,  and  his  sorrowing  band  did  as 
directed,  and  buried  him  with  rude  obsequies,  after  which  they 
sailed  away  from  the  spot. 

Where  did  Thorwald  land  and  receive  his  mortal  blow  ? 

Opposite  a  remarkable  headland  enclosing  a  bay,  which  is  no  doubt 
Cape  Cod.  He  sailed  northward,  when  he  discovered  the  second 
cape.  It  was  a  thickly  wooded  promontory,  with  beaches,  and  we 
know  it  was  a  cape,  for  he  named  it  the  Cape  of  the  Cross.  What 
two  conspicuous  headlands  opposite  each  other  in  Massachusetts  Bay 
but  Cape  Cod  and  Cape  Ann  ?  "  Here  it  is  beautiful,"  exclaimed 
Thorwald  just  six  hundred  years  before  the  renowned  navigator,  the 
Chevalier  De  Champlain  uttered  the  same  sentiments  on  first  be- 
holding this  beauteous  bay.  Champlain  made  a  map  of  the  place 
"  Le  Beauport"  but  Norse  art  had  not  yet  attained  to  that.  Cham- 
plain  tarried,  so  did  Thorwald  and  both  had  fights  with  the  natives, 
the  Norseman,  as  we  have  seen,  disastrously. 

In  all  the  Norse  annals  of  travel  in  North  America  there  is  no 
more  certain  and  direct  evidence  than  that  which  makes  it  probable 
that  Thorwald  landed  and  was  buried  on  the  thickly  wooded  prom- 
ontory which  he  named  the  "  Cape  of  the  Cross  "  latterly  named 
Cape  Ann. 

Still  another  brother  of  this  enterprising  family  Thorstein  arrived 
with  a  band  of  followers  in  1005,  and  in  1007  Thorfinn  Karlsefne,  the 
greatest  navigator  of  his  time,  came  over  with  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  and  explored  the  New  England  coast,  sailing  as  far  as  the 
Capes  of  Virginia.  Other  bands  followed  and  colonized  various  sec- 
tions of  the  country. 

The  Norsemen  supposed  that  the  country  was  only  a  projection  of 
Greenland.  Their  principal  theatre  of  action,  as  ascertained  from 
old  Norse  manuscript,  was  in  the  territory  which  they  called  Vinland 
extending  from  Cape  Ann  to  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  old  chroni- 
clers maintain  that  it  was  a  pleasant  and  beautiful  country,  and, 


12  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

compared  with  their  own  barren  and  cold  land,  there  cannot  be  any 
doubt  but  what  they  were  sincere.  However,  there  were  no  oppor- 
tunities for  commerce  with  the  savages,  the  spirit  for  exploration 
and  discovery  was  satisfied,  and  they  abandoned  the  new  found  land, 
returned  to  their  old  home,  and  whetted  their  appetite  for  adventure 
by  overrunning  and  conquering  portions  of  England  and  France. 

The  re-discovery  of  the  New  World  opened  an  avenue  to  satisfy 
the  adventurous  ambitions  of  the  hardy  travellers  of  the  fifteenth 
and  sixteenth  centuries.  Prominent  among  these  were  John  and 
Sebastian  Cabot,  Jacques  Cartier,  the  Chevalier  De  Ghamplain,  John 
Smith,  Bartholomew  Gosnold,  Martin  Pring,  De  Monts  and  others 
of  note.  These  men  embarked  for  the  Western  Continent,  and 
cruised  about  various  sections  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  but  there  is  no 
record,  as  far  as  known,  that  any  of  these  landed  on  what  is  now 
Cape  Ann  until  Champlain  and  De  Monts  touched  ashore  for  a  few 
hours'  tarry  in  1605,  Champlain  revisiting  the  locality  and  anchoring 
his  ship  in  Gloucester  harbor  the  next  year,  an  account  of  which  is 
given  in  the  succeeding  chapter.  Capt.  Bartholomew  Gosnold,  who 
sailed  along  the  New  England  coast  in  May,  1602,  in  the  ship 
"Concord,"  landed  and  had  dealings  with  the  natives  somewhere  on 
the  Maine  or  Massachusetts  coast,  but  the  exact  locality  has  not 
been  determined.  He  may  have  sighted  our  Cape  before  he  stood 
across  the  bay  to  the  headland  which  he  named  Cape  Cod. 

In  1603,  Capt.  Martin  Pring,  in  the  good  ships  "Speedwell"  and 
"Discoverer,"  cruised  close  in  shore  from  Penobscot  Bay  to  the 
southwest,  entering  several  harbors  on  the  passage.  His  object,  in 
which  he  was  unsuccessful,  was  to  procure  a  cargo  of  sassafras,  then 
prized  highly  for  medicinal  purposes.  There  is  strong  ground,  from 
the  record  of  the  voyage,  for  the  supposition  that  Capt.  Pring  landed 
on  the  Cape,  but  as  there  is  no  evidence  to  fix  the  precise  spot,  the 
honor  must  be  accorded  to  Champlain,  of  being  the  first  white  man 
to  press  his  foot  upon  the  rocky  shores  of  Cape  Ann. 

Capt.  John  Smith,  the  famous  navigator,  cruised  along  the  coast 
in  1614,  sighting  what  is  now  Cape  Ann,  which  he  termed  the  fair 
headland,  Tragabigzanda,  in  grateful  remembrance  of  the  Turkish 
maiden  who  is  said  to  have  saved  his  head  from  the  force  of  the 
Mohammedan  scimetar.  He  also  named  the  three  islands  which  lie 
near  the  head  of  the  Cape  the  Three  Turk's  Heads  to  commemorate 
one  of  his  intrepid  feats,  when  he  successively  beheaded  three  Mus- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


13 


selmen  in  mortal  combat.  The  favor  shown  by  Smith  in  the  bestowal 
of  names  on  the  Cape,  which  were  associated  with  some  of  the 
grateful  recollections  of  his  life,  or,  as  in  the  case  of  Champlain, 
expressive  of  the  natural  beauty  of  the  place,  is  certainly  a  high 
compliment,  especially  so  from  navigators  who  had  opportunities  to 
observe  the  varying  charms  of  other  sections  of  the  seaboard. 


14  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Cape  Jinn  Visited  by  tine  Chevalier  Clnarnplain  in 

1600. 

• 

COMES  TO  ANCHOR  IN  THE  HARBOR  WHICH  HE  NAMES  LE  BEAUFORT. 
FINDS  A  THRIFTY  TRIBE  OF  INDIANS  TILLING  THE  SOIL.  FRUS- 
TRATES A  WARLIKE  ATTACK.  HISTORY  OF  THE  RED  MEN  OF  THE 
CAPE. 

THE  first  visit,  which  is  well  authenticated,  of  a  white  man  to 
what  is  now  the  shore  of  Cape  Ann  was  made  by  the  Chevalier 
Champlain,  one  of  the  most  adventurous  of  the  early  voyagers  to  the 
New  World.  In  July,  1605,  De  Monts  and  Champlain,  with  a  small 
company,  cruised  along  the  New  England  coast  until  they  came 
abreast  of  what  is  now  Rockport,  which  they  named  Cape  aux  Isles, 
from  the  three  islands  in  that  vicinity,  now  Straitsmouth,  Thacher's 
and  Milk  islands.  While  tarrying  near  this  island  a  canoe  containing 
five  or  six  savages  put  off  from  the  shore  and  approached  the  bark, 
but  the  Indians  did  not  come  aboard,  being  evidently  out  for  recon- 
noitring purposes.  After  rowing  at  a  respectful  distance  they  re- 
turned to  the  land,  where  they  commenced  to  dance. 

Champlain  went  ashore  to  see  them.  They  appeared  to  have  no 
fear  of  the  strangers,  but  stood  their  ground,  no  doubt  influenced  by 
the  peaceful  signs  and  indications  made  by  the  white  men.  They 
were  given  a  knife  and  some  biscuit,  which  caused  them  to  dance 
even  more  vigorously  than  at  first. 

Champlain's  object  was  to  acquire  some  information  of  the  coast, 
if  possible,  and  in  order  to  do  this  he  traced  a  map  of  the  locality  on 
a  board,  and  motioned  the  savages  to  continue.  They  seemed  to  be 
very  intelligent,  for  one  of  their  number  took  the  charcoal  and  con- 
tinued the  drawing,  making  a  representation  of  a  very  large  bay,  on 
the  shores  of  which  they  put  six  pebbles  at  equal  distances,  giving 
Champlain  to  understand  that  each  stone  denoted  the  residence  of  a 
tribe  and  chief.  They  also  drew  the  representation  of  a  river. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  16 

Champlain  must  have  had  an  interpreter,  for  he  says  the  Indians  "  told 
us  that  those  who  dwell  in  this  country  cultivate  the  earth  as  the 
others  whom  we  have  seen  before."  The  bay  drawn  by  the  Indians 
referred,  no  doubt,  to  Ipswich  Bay,  and  the  river,  "which  extends 
very  far  and  has  sand  flats,"  is  the  Merrimac. 

Champlain  did  not  round  Eastern  Point  and  explore  the  harbor  on 
this  voyage,  but  made  another  excursion  in  the  vicinity  of  what  is 
now  Cape  Ann  in  September,  1606,  entered  the  harbor  and  tarried 
for  a  time,  effecting  necessary  repairs  to  his  ship  and  its  accoutre- 
ments. He  named  the  harbor  Le  Beauport,  the  beautiful  harbor, 
and  as  far  as  we  have  any  certain  knowledge  he  was  the  first  white 
man  who  trod  the  shores  of  Cape  Ann. 

At  that  time  Cape  Ann  was  the  home  of  a  thrifty  settlement  of 
Red  Men.  Champlain  drew  a  map  of  the  place,  which  was  after- 
wards published  with  an  account  of  his  travels,  which  was  reprinted 
in  Quebec  in  1870.  The  map  referred  to  gives  a  very  graphic  picto- 
rial illustration  of  the  topography  of  what  is  now  the  heart  of  the 
city.  On  this  map  is  delineated  a  few  trees,  and  at  frequent  intervals 
wigwams,  with  smoke  issuing  from  an  aperture,  occupy  the  ground. 
Near  each  of  these  habitations  is  an  enclosure,  evidently  a  corn  field. 

When  Champlain  landed  the  savages  had  already  gathered  their 
harvest.  There  were  some  two  hundred  in  number  seen  by  the 
discoverer,  the  chief  of  whom  was  Ouiouhamenec,  who,  accompanied 
by  Cohonepec,  paid  Champlain  a  visit  shortly  after  he  came 
ashore,  and  they  were  hospitably  entertained  by  the  French  voya- 
gers. Onemechin,  a  Saco  chief,  also  came  to  see  Champlain,  and  was 
given  a  coat,  but  gave  it  away  because  it  did  not  fit  him. 

The  surprise  upon  seeing  the  white  man  a  year  before,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  landing  near  Rockport,  had  worn  off.  No  doubt  the 
strange  event  had  been  communicated  to  the  surrounding  Indians, 
and  the  visitors  had  been  the  subject  of  much  comment.  Whether 
they  supposed  that  Champlain  and  the  whites  had  returned  to  take 
permanent  possession  is  not  known,  but  they  resolved  to  make  an 
attack  on  the  newcomers.  That  these  Indians  retained  all  the 
pristine  craftiness  and  bravery  which  characterized  the  red  men 
when  first  discovered  by  the  whites  is  evidenced  from  the  fact,  also 
pictorially  represented  on  the  map,  of  an  attempt,  which  was 
frustrated,  to  ambush  and  capture  or  kill  a  party  of  the  palefaced 
invaders  who  were  trespassing  on  their  shores. 


16  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Fortunately  the  savages  were  discovered  by  Champlain  and 
flanked  by  the  Sieur  de  Poutrincourt  with  eight  arequebusiers,  at 
which  event  the  savages  retired  in  great  haste.  Champlain,  who 
believed  that  the  red  men  intended  to  surprise  and  capture  his  party, 
immediately  ordered  his  men  to  the  boats,  and  put  to  sea  in  order  to 
get  away  from  them.  Perceiving  this,  the  Indians  entreated  him  to 
stay  one  day  longer,  when  they  said  that  more  than  two  thousand 
men  would  come  to  see  his  party.  On  hearing  this  Champlain  got 
under  way  and  sailed  from  the  harbor  as  soon  as  possible. 

At  the  time  of  Champlain's  visit  the  Indian  settlement  was  in  a 
prosperous  condition.  The  savages  were  quite  thrifty  and  were 
clearing  land  all  the  time.  Their  method  in  securing  open  ground, 
as  described  by  Champlain,  was  to  cut  the  trees  some  three  feet  from 
the  ground,  burn  the  branches,  and  sow  their  corn  between  the 
stumps,  and  when  the  roots  became  sufficiently  pliable  they  were 
taken  from  the  ground. 

When  the  first  settlers  came  from  Dorchester,  England,  in  1623, 
to  set  up  a  fishing  stage  in  what  is  now  Gloucester,  there  were  few 
traces  of  savages,  and  but  little  evidence  of  Indian  occupation. 
Whether  pestilence  or  other  causes  led  to  their  final  desertion  is  a 
matter  of  speculation.  The  only  evidences  of  their  occupancy  were 
found  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  Cape,  where  great  heaps  of  clam 
shells  attested  their  former  presence.  The  town  was  thus  spared 
from  the  terrors  of  Indian  warfare,  so  common  an  experience  with 
the  early  settlers  in  other  sections.  From  this  absence  of  the  Indians 
arises  the  paucity  of  Indian  names  on  the  Cape. 

Arrowheads  and  pipes  have  been  dug  up  in  numerous  quantities, 
Wheeler's  Point  being  a  prolific  mine  for  these  relics.  Household 
implements,  as  the  stone  handmill  for  pounding  corn,  have  also  been 
exhumed.  Recently  what  was  evidently  an  Indian  burial  ground 
was  discovered  at  Annisquam,  in  the  process  of  some  excavations. 
Ten  skulls  and  a  slate  pipe,  probably  of  Indian  manufacture,  were 
brought  to  light  in  the  course  of  this  digging. 

The  two  that  remain  are  Wingaersheek  and  Annisquam,  the  desig- 
nation of  the  harbor  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  Cape.  The  earliest 
mention  of  the  latter  name  is  in  Wood's  map,  in  1634,  where  it  is 
spelled  Anasquam,  and  in  Josselyn's  "  Account  of  Two  Voyages  in 
New  England,"  in  1638,  the  orthography  is  Wondoquam.  Various 
surmises  have  been  made  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  word.  The 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  17 

Indian  words  "  Winne,"  "Wonne,"  etc.,  are  said  to  signify  something 
pleasant,  and  the  word  "  Squam  "  is  said  to  mean  "a  breaking  water 
beach,"  the  combination  "  Wonne  "  and  "  Squam  "  giving  us  "  beauti- 
ful breaking  water  beach,"  a  plausible  meaning  when  the  surroundings 
are  taken  into  consideration.  Hon.  J.  Hammond  Trumbull,  LL.  D., 
who  is  said  to  be  the  only  person  who  can  read  Eliot's  Indian  Bible 
in  the  original,  says  "  the  name  is  certainly  derived  from  '  Wanash- 
aque-ompsk,'  'the  top  or  extreme  point  of  a  rock." '  The  learned 
doctor  further  states  "  that  he  has  little  doubt  that  'Wanashquomskgut' 
originally  belonged  to  the  headland  of  the  Cape,  and  was  transferred  to 
the  harbor  and  river.  Wingaersheek  almost  universally  accepted  as 
the  Indian  name  of  Cape  Ann,  is  repudiated  by  Dr.  Trumbull,  who 
says  that  the  word  is  not  Indian,  or,  if  so,  is  changed  in  the  spelling 
to  such  a  degree  as  to  make  it  unrecognizable.  Prof.  E.  N.  Horsford, 
the  learned  Norse  antiquarian,  comes  to  the  rescue  and  says  that  the 
word  "  Wingaersheek "  is  an  undoubted  corruption  of  the  German 
name,  low  Dutch,  Wyngaerts  Hoeck,  which  occurs  on  many  maps  of 
the  period  between  1630  and  1670,  especially  in  Ogilby's  "America." 
Wyngaerts  Hoecks  is  from  Wyngaerten,  and  is  the  equivalent  of 
what  the  Northmen  designated  as  Vineland,  and  as  Champlain,  in  his 
account  of  his  visit  here  in  1606,  says  that  grapes  were  found  quite 
plentiful,  the  application  may  not  have  come  amiss. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  some  Indians  set  up 
a  claim  to  the  ownership  of  the  land  upon  which  the  land  is  situated, 
and  in  town  meeting,  Dec.  25,  1700,  Lieut.  William  Stevens  and 
Ensign  Joseph  Allen  were  chosen  and  deputed  by  the  inhabitants  of 
said  meeting  to  manage  and  make  "  a  full  compensation  about  our 
township  with  those  Indians  that  hath  laid  claims  to  the  land  of  our 
township."  The  committee  met  the  Indians,  talked  over  matters, 
and  in  town  meeting,  Feb.  12,  1701,  voted  to  sell  some  of  the  town 
lands  to  raise  money  to  pay  what  charges  the  town  is  indebted  for, 
and  about  the  purchasing  of  the  township  of  Samuel  English,  Indian. 
The  amount  paid  to  settle  in  full  was  seven  pounds.  Our  city  has  a 
copy  of  the  deed  from  Samuel,  and  an  effort  is  being  made  to  obtain 
the  original.  Said  English  afterwards  made  claim  on  the  town  of 
Beverly  for  a  similar  sum,  which  was  also  paid. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  first  settlers  received  a  clear  title  to 
their  lands.  These  are  all  the  facts  known  concerning  the  Indians 
on  Cape  Ann,  and  brings  this  chapter  of  local  history  to  a  close. 


18  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Foundation  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony. 

TOWN  SETTLED  IN  1623  BY  THE  DORCHESTER  COMPANY.  PILGRIMS 
SECURE  RIGHTS  ON  THE  CAPE.  MILES  STANDISH,  CAPT.  HEWES  AND 
ROGER  CONANT.  HOME  COMPANY  RECALLS  COLONISTS  AND  ABANDONS 
THE  SETTLEMENT  IN  1625.  CONANT  AND  THE  GREATER  PART  OF 
THOSE  REMAINING  REMOVE  TO  SALEM.  ROBINSON'S  ANNISQUAM 
COLONY  IN  1630.  REINFORCEMENTS  FROM  PLYMOUTH.  TOWN  IN- 
CORPORATED IN  1642  AND  NAMED  GLOUCESTER. 

AS  FAR  as  known  no  Europeans  visited  Cape  Ann  after  Cham- 
plain  departed  in  1606,  until  1623,  in  which  year  a  colony  was 
established  on  its  shores  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  John 
White,  a  Puritan  minister  of  Dorchester,  England,  who  collected  a 
company  of  emigrants  for  the  purpose  of  colonization  in  the  new 
world. 

In  March,  1621,  Capt.  John  Mason,  a  merchant  of  London  and 
governor  of  Newfoundland,  received  from  the  Plymouth  Council  a 
grant  of  "all  the  land  from  the  river  Naumkeag  around  Cape  Ann  to 
the  river  Merrimac,"  etc.  This  track  was  the  first  grant  by  the 
council  of  the  territory  of  Cape  Ann,  but  the  grantee  never  attempted 
to  settle  his  holding. 

Gloucester,  then,  was  first  settled  in  1623,  and  although  the  greater 
part  of  the  original  colony  returned  to  England  or  to  Salem  in  1626, 
there  is  no  evidence  that  it  was  wholly  deserted,  and  it  is  very  proba- 
ble that  a  few  inhabitants  remained  permanently  and  were  joined  by 
others  within  a  few  years. 

The  early  voyagers  were  much  impressed  with  the  value  of  the 
waters  of  Cape  Ann  as  a  source  of  supply  for  codfish,  and  on  return- 
ing to  England  gave  glowing  accounts  of  the  profits  to  be  derived 
from  the  pursuit  of  fishing  voyages  in  Massachusetts  bay,  which  was 
then  accounted  the  finest  fishing  grounds  in  the  world.  Gosnold, 
who  named  Cape  Cod,  reported  that  the  codfish  were  so  thick  that 
they  "  pestered  "  his  ship.  Capt.  Smith  also  gave  similar  testimony 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  19 

as  to  the  plenteousness  of  fish.  At  that  time,  quite  a  traffic  was  had 
with  Bilboa  in  salted  fish,  and  some  dozen  sail  of  craft  were  pur- 
suing  the  fisheries  in  Massachusetts  bay  in  1621  with  the  best 
success. 

Commerce  is  always  reaching  out  its  benificent  arms,  and  the 
business  men  of  Dorchester  conceived  the  purpose  of  founding  a 
permanent  settlement  in  Massachusetts,  which  was  to  be  the  basis  of 
their  fishing  operations.  The  colony  to  be  established  on  land  was 
to  render  assistance  to  the  seaman,  and  also  to  turn  its  attention  to 
agriculture,  and  if  possible  be  made  self  sustaining  by  raising  a 
sufficient  amount  of  cereal  for  the  needs  of  settlers  as  well  as  for 
the  men  permanently  engaged  in  fishing. 

Accordingly,  a  ship  of  50  tons  was  purchased,  and  the  colonists 
set  sail  for  the  new  world.  It  was  by  accident  rather  than  design  that 
the  company  landed  at  Cape  Ann,  as  no  particular  spot  in  New  Eng- 
land had  been  selected.  They  arrived  late  in  the  season,  but  secured 
a  good  catch,  and  set  sail  for  Spain,  perhaps  for  Bilboa,  the  principal 
market  of  the  period. 

Before  leaving,  according  to  the  designs  of  the  promoters,  14  of 
the  "spare  men"  were  landed  with  provisions  "at  Cape  Ann." 

The  voyage,  however,  did  not  prove  a  financial  success,  the  ex- 
penses being  heavy.  The  other  settlements  in  New  England  at  the 
time  were  Plymouth,  1620  ;  Weymouth,  1622  ;  Nantasket,  Piscataqua 
River  and  Saco,  Monhegan,  and  a  few  people  along  the  Maine  coast. 

There  is  no  record,  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge,  of  the  names 
of  the  men  who  first  settled  Cape  Ann.  They  were  probably  from 
the  respectable  yeomanry  about  Dorchester,  who  were  induced  to 
emigrate  by  the  advice  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  White. 

PILGRIMS  SECURE  RIGHTS. 

The  Dorchester  Company  had  no  grant  of  this  territory,  and  their 
possession  was  soon  to  be  disputed  by  others.  The  Plymouth  colony, 
then  in  a  half  starving  condition,  determined  to  prosecute  the  fishing 
business.  Accordingly  Edward  Winslow  was  sent  to  England  in 
1623  to  make  preparations,  and  to  raise  capital  for  the  enterprise. 
Incidentally,  it  is  quite  probable  that  he  learned  of  the  undertaking 
of  the  Dorchester  company  at  Cape  Ann,  and  fixed  upon  the  locality 
as  the  best  place  to  establish  a  fishing  stage.  He,  therefore,  with 
Robert  Cushman,  procured  from  Lord  Sheffield,  a  member  of  the 


20  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

council  from  New  England,  a  patent  conveying  to  them  and  associates 
"a  tract  of  ground  in  New  England  in  a  known  place  there  comonly 
called  Cape  Anne." 

This  patent  was  broad  and  comprehensive  in  its  scope  as  to  gov- 
ernment, but  permanent  settlement  evidently  was  not  contemplated. 

Armed  with  authority,  they  sent  the  ship  "  Charity"  over  in  1624, 
and  caused  a  stage  or  wharf  to  be  erected  on  Cape  Ann.  But  arriving 
late  in  the  season,  and  having  a  shiftless  master  and  crew,  the 
voyage  was  a  failure. 

Early  in  the  next  year  the  14  colonists  left  by  the  Dorchester  com- 
pany were  joined  by  18  recruits,  the  ship  used  the  year  previous  and 
a  remodeled  Flemish  fly  boat  of  140  tons  being  dispatched  anew  to 
the  fishing  grounds.  The  catch,  however,  was  small  and  the  season 
unprofitable.  John  Tylly  and  Thomas-JlaxdeJierr.  two  of  the  first 
settlers  of  whom  we  have  any  record,  came  over  this  year,  the  first 
to  oversee  the  fishing  voyages,  the  latter  to  superintend  the  work  of 
the  settlers. 

Operations  were  renewed  the  next  year,  in  1625.  Roger  Conant 
was  chosen  governor  of  the  colony,  and  John  Lyford,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman,  was  appointed  to  minister  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the 
people.  Provisions,  cattle  and  other  necessaries  were  also  provided. 

An  agreement  had  been  arrived  at  in  1624,  by  which  the  Dorches- 
ter company  was  to  pursue  its  fishing  operations  on  Cape  Ann, 
probably  under  a  license  from  Winslow  and  his  associates.  Three 
ships  were  sent  out  by  the  company  in  1623,  but  one  became  dis- 
abled early  in  the  season  and,  although  good  fares  were  secured,  the 
company  became  deeply  involved  in  debt,  and  decided  to  abandon 
its  project  of  founding  a  fishing  colony  at  Cape  Ann.  The  ships 
were  sold  and  the  company  proceeded  to  abandon  the  colony.  Mr. 
White  gave  as  a  reason  for  the  non-success  of  the  scheme  the  "ill 
carriage"  of  the  men  and  that  they  were  "ill  commanded." 

The  Pilgrims  also  procured  a  ship  and  pinnace  with  which  to 
pursue  their  fishing  operations  in  1625,  and  transferred  the  scene  of 
operations  of  their  "salt  man"  who  had  come  over  to  Plymouth  the 
year  before  to  Cape  Ann.  This  enterprise  came  to  an  untimely  end, 
the  salt  house  and  pans  being  destroyed  by  fire. 

STANDISH,  HEWES  AND  CONANT. 

During  this  year  occurred  a  dramatic  episode  which  nearly  result- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  21 

ed  in  blood  shed.  Among  the  actors  were  two  of  the  most  promi- 
nent men  in  the  early  history  of  the  country.  A  number  of  mer- 
chants in  England,  for  some  reason,  were  opposed  to  the  fishing 
operations  of  the  Pilgrims.  They  therefore  dispatched  a  ship  to 
Cape  Ann,  and  upon  the  arrival  of  the  craft,  her  crew  probably 
having  been  instructed  for  the  purpose,  seized  all  the  provisions  and 
the  stage  of  the  Pilgrims,  evidently  intending  to  oust  the  men  of 
Plymouth  and  hold  possession  by  force  of  arms.  The  captain  of  the 
semi-piratical  ship  was  named  Hewes  and,  having  obtained  posses- 
sion, he  barricaded  the  stage  head  with  hogsheads  and  prepared  for 
a  seige. 

That  redoubtable  Pilgrim  warrior,  Capt.  Miles  Standish,  soon 
appeared  on  the  scene,  and  from  the  land  demanded  the  uncondi- 
tional surrender  of  the  usurpers.  This  request,  Hewes,  from  his 
coign  of  vantage,  refused.  Hot  words  flew  thick  and  fast  Between 
the  rival  commanders,  and  serious  trouble  would  no  doubt  have 
resulted  but  for  the  coolness  and  moderation  displayed  by  Roger 
Conant  who  appeared  on  the  spot  as  a  peacemaker  and  by  his  tact 
prevented  the  shedding  of  blood  upon  the  soil.  He  proposed  a 
compromise  by  which  both  parties  were  to  maintain  separate  stages 
on  the  field,  each  respecting  the  right  of  the  other.  This  was 
accepted  and  trouble  was  averted.  Thus  from  the  first,  with  the 
valiant  captain  of  the  Pilgrims  for  one  of  its  chief  disputants,  began 
the  fisheries  troubles  which  have  loomed  up  so  seriously  on  the 
horizon  of  later  days.  This  incident  occurred  on  what  is  known  as 
Stage  Fort,  the  place  affording  excellent  opportunities  for  pursuing 
fishing  operations,  while  one  of  the  rocky  promontories  that  jut  into 
the  sea  was  no  doubt  the  scene  of  the  barricade.  However,  the 
Plymouth  vessels  made  good  catches  and  as  it  has  been  quaintly 
expressed,  both  went  "joyfully  home  together,"  the  larger  craft  tow- 
ing "ye  lesser  ship  at  his  stern  all  ye  way  overbound."  This  was 
practically  the  end  of  the  Pilgrim's  fishing  operations  on  Cape  Ann. 
They  visited  the  Cape  for  fishing  operations  in  a  few  instances,  some 
years  later. 

COLONISTS  RECALLED. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  Dorchester  company  gave  up  its  project 
at  the  close  of  1625  and  recalled  the  colonists,  the  greater  part  of 
whom  went  home.  Roger  Conant  and  a  few  others  resolved  to  stay 
but  in  the  next  year  removed  to  Salem.  It  is  very  probable,  how- 


22  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

ever,  that  men  were  left  to  care  for  the  property  on  the  fishing  stage 
and  that  perhaps  one  or  two  others,  men  of  "ill  carriage"  and  unde- 
sirable neighbors  were  not  invited  to  accompany  the  rest  of  the 
colony  to  Salem.  Conant  and  the  greater  part  of  those  remaining 
set  out  through  the  woods  driving  their  cattle  before  them,  with  all 
their  possessions  and  settled  in  Salem.  Tradition  says  that  the 
path  they  travelled  was  afterwards  laid  out  as  the  highway  between 
Gloucester  and  Salem. 

Gloucester  is  therefore  the  oldest  settlement  in  the  Massachusetts 
colony  and  the  spot  on  which  the  colony  was  founded.  As  has  been 
said,  there  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  it  was  permanently  aban- 
doned but  that  it  has  been  continuously  the  home  of  white  men 
since  1623.  Some  of  these  settlers  would  reflect  little  if  any  credit 
on  a  community.  Among  them  was  a  man  named  Fells  who,  with 
his  paramour  fled  here  from  Plymouth  to  escape  his  just  deserts  at 
the  hands  of  the  outraged  Pilgrims.  Thomas' Morton,  of  Merry- 
mount  notoriety,  settled  here,  having  been  driven  from  other  sec- 
tions of  the  colony.  Rev.  Francis  Higginson  and  other  passengers 
sent  over  by  the  Massachusetts  company  in  the  ship  "Talbot," 
anchored  in  the  harbor  in  1629  and  picked  "strawberries,  goose- 
berries and  wild  roses."  Among  the  settlers  at  Cape  Ann  who 
removed  to  Salem  with  Conant,  of  whom  we  have  record,  are  the 
following :  John  Woodbury,  who  came  from  Somersetshire,  Eng- 
land. He  was  made  a  freeman  in  Salem  in  1631  and  filled  various 
offices  of  trust.  His  son  Humphrey  was,  without  doubt,  the  father 
of  Humphrey  who  removed  from  Beverly  to  Gloucester  in  1677. 
John  Balch  come  from  Bridgewater,  England,  and  was  admitted  a 
freeman  of  Salem  in  1631.  He  died  1648.  Peter  Palfrey  became  a 
freeman  of  Salem  in  1631  and  a  representative  in  1635.  He  died  in 
Reading  in  1633.  Goodman  Norman  and  his  son  William  Allen 
and  Walter  Knight  were  members  of  the  Dorchester  company. 
William  Allen,  who  probably  remained  within  the  precincts  of  Cape 
Ann,  was  an  early  settler  of  Manchester  as  he  was  one  of  a  company 
for  erecting  a  village  on  the  spot  in  1640.  Rev.  John  Lyford,  the 
Episcopal  clergyman  who  has  been  referred  to,  conducted  the  first 
Christian  worship  on  the  shores  of  the  Cape.  He  was,  without 
doubt,  a  man  of  the  grossest  tendencies  and  totally  unfit  for  the 
high  office  which  he  presumed  to  administer.  Last,  but  not  the 
least  among  the  settlers  at  Cape  Ann  was  the  first  authorized  ruler, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER,  28 

its  governor,  Roger  Conant.  His  sturdy  virtues  have  immortalized 
his  name.  After  his  removal  to  Salem  he  was  elected  a  freeman  in 
1631  and  a  representative  in  1634.  He  died  at  the  age  of  86,  Nov. 
1 6,  1679. 

ROBINSON'S  ANNISQUAM  SETTLERS. 

The  half  deserted  fishing  hamlet  soon  received  accessions  to  its 
population  and  in  1630  or  1631  a  band  of  Pilgrims,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  a  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Robinson,  landed  at  Annisquam  on 
the  northerly  side  of  the  cape  which  they  took  possession  of  for  the 
purpose  of  conducting  operations.  They  erected  a  stage  and  made 
provision  for  the  accommodations  of  their  families.  The  account  of 
this  settlement  which  has  come  down  to  us  is  meagre  and  tradition- 
ary. As  is  the  case  with  many  important  events,  history  is  silent 
regarding  this  salient  point  in  local  annals. 

MR.  THOMSON'S  FISHING  STAGE. 

By  an  act  of  the  General  Court,  May  22,  1639,  "f°r  tne  encourage- 
ment of  Mr.  Maurice  Thomson,  merchant  of  London,  it  was  ordered 
that  a  fishing  plantation  should  be  begun  at  Cape  Ann,  and  that  said 
Mr.  Thomson  should  have  places  assigned  for  the  building  of  houses 
and  stages  and  other  necessaries  for  that  use  and  shall  have  sufficient 
lands  and  other  liberties  there  as  shall  be  needful  and  fit  for  their 
occasions." 

The  court  empowered  Mr.  Endicott,  Mr.  Humphrey,  Mr.  Win- 
throp,  Jr.,  William  Pierce  and  Joseph  Graf  ton,  or  any  three  of  them, 
to  set  out  the  said  plantation  and  all  lands  and  other  accommoda- 
tions to  such  as  shall  be  planted  there  and  none  to  be  settled  there 
but  by  their  allowance.  Certain  exemptions  were  also  granted  to 
encourage  fishing  operations.  Again  the  records  are  silent  as  to  the 
outcome  of  this  project  and  it  is  probable  that  Mr.  Thomson  never 
came  over  to  carry  out  his  designs,  although  the  town  records  of 
1650  state  that  "Will  Southmead  hath  given  him  that  parcel  of  land 
in  the  harbor  upon  which  Mr.  Thomson's  frame  stood,"  etc.,  which 
goes  to  show  that  an  agent  of  Mr.  Thomson  had  erected  a  fishing 
stage  as  contemplated.  The  business  of  fishing  was  well  apace  by 
1639,  f°r  Thomas  Lechford,  who  resided  in  Boston  at  that  period, 
and  returned  to  England  where  he  published  a  book,  states  that  "at 
Cape  Ann  where  fishing  is  set  forward  one  Master  Rashley  is  chap- 
lain." Other  writers  give  concurrent  testimony  so  it  is  reasonable  to 


24  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

suppose  that  the  infant  fishing  hamlet  was  well  established  during 
the  decade  between  1630  and  1640.  Mr.  Thomson's  stage  was  lo- 
cated at  Duncan's  point. 

PLYMOUTH  COLONISTS. 

Another  reinforcement  of  settlers  arrived  in  February,  1642. 
They  came  from  Plymouth  colony  under  the  leadership  of  Rev. 
Richard  Blynman. 

INCORPORATION  AS  A  TOWN. 

The  community  had  now  grown  into  sufficient  prominence  to  ask 
for  incorporation.  Steps  to  that  end  were  taken  in  1639,  but  the 
final  act  of  incorporation  was  not  passed  by  the  General  Court  until 
May,  1642.  That  body,  in  October,  1641,  designated  commissioner 
to  view  and  settle  the  bounds  of  Ipswich,  Cape  Ann  and  Jeffries's 
Creek  now  Manchester,  and  Messrs.  Downing  and  Hathorne,  depu- 
ties from  Salem,  were  appointed  to  dispose  of  all  lands  and  other 
things  at  Cape  Ann.  In  accordance  with  this  provision  the  first 
assignment  and  disposition  of  lots  was  made  by  Downing  and 
Hathorne  in  February,  1642. 

NAMED  GLOUCESTER. 

The  name  selected  by  the  incorporators  for  their  town  was  Glou- 
cester, from  the  fact  that  a  majority  of  the  settlers  were  from  the 
peaceful  and  quiet  cathedral  city  in  England  of  that  name,  and 
wished  to  perpetuate  old  associations  and  pleasant  memories  in  the 
land  across  the  sea. 

There  are  several  derivations  for  the  name.  The  city  was  founded 
by  the  Britons  and  called  the  Caer  Glow,  which  signifies  the  fortress 
of  Glow,  a  prince  of  the  country.  Some  writers  affirm  that  the 
name  is  derived  from  the  British  words,  glow,  handsome  and  caer  a 
city.  Again  it  is  said  that  the  translation  of  the  name,  as  known 
by  the  ancient  Britons,  is  the  "city  of  the  pure  stream." 

The  Roman  is  the  source,  however,  very  generally  accepted,  for 
the  names.  When  the  Roman  legions  invaded  Britain  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  case,  as  well  as  the  policy  of  the  Romans,  made  them 
permanent  occupiers  and  not  temporary  visitors.  As  in  Gaul,  they 
aimed  at  the  subjugation  of  the  country.  In  different  parts  of  the 
land  and  with  an  eye  to  the  best  location,  large  fortified  camps  called 
castra,  were  made,  usually  fortified  with  trees,  and  made  in  the  form 
of  a  square.  The  Romans,  when  they  took  possession  of  the  British 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  25 

city,  called  it  Gleveum  Colonia,  and  under  Claudius,  it  received  the 
name  of  Claudius  Castra.  The  necessities  of  trade  gradually  trans- 
formed the  martial  camp  into  a  commercial  city.  Booths  for  the  sale 
of  goods  were  erected  in  the  streets  of  the  camps,  and  commerce 
made  the  interest  of  soldier  and  native  identical.  The  name  castra 
became  corrupted  by  the  native  into  Chester,  and  the  camp  of  Clau- 
dius into  Gleaucestre,  and  to  its  present  form.  The  various  cities  in 
England,  many  of  the  names  of  which  are  found  in  New  England, 
ending  with  cester  or  Chester  are  all  said  to  derive  their  names  from 
the  fact  of  their  having  been  Roman  camps.  The  site  of  the  camp 
in  Gloucester,  England,  can  still  be  traced,  the  north,  east,  south 
and  west  gate  still  surviving  in  name. 

Another  version  :  The  site  was  a  Roman  station  under  Aulus 
Plautius.  It  became  a  city  of  Mercia  and  under  the  Saxons  was 
named  Gleauncestre. 

The  designation  Cape  Ann  was  applied  to  our  headland  shortly 
after  the  visit  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  by  Prince  Charles  in  honor  of 
his  mother,  Princess  Anne  of  Denmark. 

Thacher's  island  received  its  name  from  a  melancholy  incident  in 
the  early  history  of  the  town.  On  the  I2th  of  August,  1635,  a 
pinnace  having  on  board  Rev.  John  Avery,  wife  and  six  children, 
Mr.  Anthony  Thacher,  wife  and  four  children,  and  another  person, 
was  blown  ashore  on  the  island  during  a  gale,  and  all  but  Thacher 
and  his  wife  perished.  They  were  bound  from  Ipswich  to  Marble- 
head.  The  survivors  were  taken  off  and  on  their  departure  the 
place  was  christened  "Thacher's  Woe." 


26  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Begins  Corporate  Career. 

FIRST  SELECTMEN.  SAW  MILLS,  SHIP-BUILDING  AND  TIMBER  LAWS. 
FIRST  MEETING  HOUSE  AND  PASTORS.  KING  PHILIP'S  WAR.  FIRST 
LAND  GRANTS.  RESISTS  GOV.  ANDROS.  WITCHCRAFT  DELUSION. 
OTHER  HAPPENINGS. 

THE  commissioners  appointed  by  the  General  Court  designated 
eight  men  as  a  board  to  govern  the  settlement  before  the  town 
was  incorporated,  namely,  Walter  Tybbot,  Mr.  Fryer,  Mr.  Milward, 
Mr.  Addes,-  George  Norton,  Obadiah  Bruen,  Mr.  Sadler,  William 
Stevens.  Their  functions  were  similar  to  those  of  selectmen.  In 
1642,  the  next  year,  when  the  town  had  been  duly  incorporated,  the 
selectmen  chosen  were  :  Mr.  Stevens,  Mr.  Addes,  Mr.  Milward,  Mr. 
Sadler,  Obadiah  Bruen,  George  Norton,  Mr.  Fryer,  and  Walter 
Tybbot,  and  these  were  succeeded  annually  by  a  board  chosen  in 
town  meeting  until  the  incorporation  as  a  city,  in  1873. 

Thus  launched  into  a  corporate  form  of  government,  the  town  was 
firmly  established.  New  settlers  came,  slowly  at  first,  to  make  the 
Cape  their  home,  welcomed  by  the  little  band  already  on  the 
spot,  providing  they  were  desirable  neighbors.  Thrift  and  energy 
characterized  these  pioneers,  and  if  perchance  a  wandering  Indian, 
surmounting  one  of  the  neighboring  heights,  and  hearing  the  busy 
click  of  the  woodman's  axe  as  he  cleared  the  space  about  his  home, 
or  observed  the  smoke  from  the  chimney  of  his  humble  abode  as  it 
curled  lazily  upwards  through  the  trees,  he  may  have  foreseen  in 
these  indications  of  activity  and  life,  were  the  red  man  of  a  prophetic 
mind,  the  beginning  of  that  process,  which,  commencing  then  upon 
the  Atlantic  seaboard,  was  to  end  only  when  the  last  descendant  of 
his  race,  in  no  far  distant  generation,  was  to  look  outward  upon  the 
mild  Pacific  and  backward  upon  the  history  of  his  kind,  deprived  at 
various  stages  of  their  birthright,  the  American  continent. 

The  social  conditions  of  pioneer  life  are  at  the  best  crude,  and  the 
want  of  various  conveniences  of  older  communities  fall  heavier 
upon  the  women,  on  whom  are  entailed  many  hardships.  Scat- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  27 

tered  and  isolated,  all  looked  forward  to  the  coming  of  the  Sabbath 
day,  when  they  might  gather  with  the  rest  of  the  little  band, 
and  offer  up  their  heartfelt  devotions  to  the  Giver  of  all  good 
things.  After  the  services,  no  doubt,  the  more  secular  topics 
were  well  discussed,  and  the  various  happenings  of  the  week  gone 
over  in  detail.  Birth,  marriage,  and  death  are  common  in  every 
social  condition,  and  the  advent  of  a  little  stranger,  the  marriage  of 
the  son  and  daughter  of  a  pioneer,  or  the  death  of  one  of  the  com- 
munity were  events  of  uncommon  interest. 

TIMBER  LAWS,   SAW  MILLS,    SHIP-BUILDING. 

As  to  the  condition  of  the  settlers,  it  may  be  said  that  there  was 
sufficient  arable  land  to  raise  an  ample  supply  of  cereals  and  vegeta- 
bles, the  harbor  yielded  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  good  fish,  while 
the  flocks  and  herds  furnished  both  meat  and  clothing,  the  busy 
housewife  spinning  the  wool  and  weaving  it  into  homespun.  Thus 
comfortably  spent  were  the  lives  of  the  first  settlers,  and  we  no  where 
hear  of  those  periods  of  famine  which  furnish  so  pathetic  a  chapter 
in  the  early  history  of  other  settlements.  The  timber  growing  on 
the  Cape,  especially  the  oak,  furnished  the  best  of  material  for  ship 
building.  Indeed,  the  greater  part  of  the  first  laws  passed  were  in 
relation  to  the  cutting  of  timber.  The  manufacture  of  boards,  clap- 
boards, hoops,  staves,  as  well  as  the  cutting  of  cord-wood  for  outside 
consumption,  was  well  underway  by  1645.  The  laborious  hand  pro- 
cess for  working  timber  was  early  superseded  by  water  power.  The 
various  brooks  and  tide-water  rivers  furnished  excellent  power.  A 
mill  was  erected  near  Beaver  dam  about  1642,  also  some  years  later  on 
Sawmill  river,  near  the  present  location  of  the  grist  mill  at  Riverdale, 
at  various  sections,  at  West  Gloucester,  at  Freshwater  Cove,  and  at 
numerous  other  places.  These  drove  a  thriving  business  in  sawing 
timber  and  grinding  corn,  and  the  woodland  of  the  Cape  became 
rapidly  depleted,  so  much  so  that  in  1667  the  town  voted,  under 
certain  penalties  for  violation,  to  restrict  the  cutting  of  cord-wood 
within  the  territory  from  Brace's  Cove  to  Little  Good  Harbor  beach, 
and  in  1669  it  was  agreed  that  no  cord-wood  be  sold  out  of  town 
under  three  shillings  and  sixpence  per  cord.  For  several  years  after- 
wards each  family  was  permitted  to  cut  20  cords  of  wood  on  the 
common,  but  no  more. 

A  committee  was  appointed  by  the  General  Court  to  settle  the 


28  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

bounds  between  Ipswich  and  Gloucester,  and  they  submitted  their 
report  in  March,  1642,  fixing  a  certain  bound.  In  1671  various 
persons,  probably  the  heirs  of  John  Mason,  who  had  been  granted  a 
large  tract  including  Cape  Ann,  set  up  a  claim  to  the  territory,  but 
the  title  was  pronounced  invalid  by  the  best  English  lawyers,  and 
the  claimants  finally  allowed  the  matter  to  drop. 

Ship-building  was  also  carried  on  very  early.  Among  the  acces- 
sions to  the  town  William  Stevens  who  came  to  Boston  in  1632,  and 
in  1642  appears  in  Gloucester  as  one  of  the  town  commissioners. 
He  was  the  most  competent  shipbuilder  in  New  England  at  the 
time,  and  held  many  offices  of  trust  in  the  community.  He  received 
an  extraordinary  grant  of  500  acres  of  land  on  the  westerly  side  of 
Annisquam  river  and  six  acres  on  Meeting  House  neck,  but  resided 
near  the  waterside  at  Pavilion  Beach.  As  early  as  1633  he  built  a 
ship  here  for  a  Mr.  Griffin,  which  was  followed  by  the  building  of 
several  others.  The  value  of  such  a  man  in  instructing  mechanics 
in  the  art  of  ship-building,  especially  in  a  community  whose  future 
lay  in  a  maratime  direction  was  incalculable.  To  how  great  a  degree 
he  moulded  the  character  of  the  town's  industry  can  be  conjectured. 
FIRST  MEETING  HOUSE  AND  PASTORS. 

The  first  regular  worship  on  the  Cape  was  conducted  under  the 
ministrations  of  Rev.  Richard  Blynman,  who  emigrated  from  Wales 
to  Plymouth.  Becoming  involved  in  a  controversy  at  the  latter 
place  he,  with  a  number  of  adherents,  removed  to  Gloucester  in 
1642.  He  received  a  grant  of  40  acres  of  land  at  Kettle  Cove, 
now  Magnolia.  A  meeting  house  was  erected  as  early  as  1633  on 
the  northwesterly  slope  of  Beacon  hill.  This  was  a  small  log  struct- 
ure. Hard  by  a  half  acre  of  the  field  in  that  vicinity  in  1644,  was 
reserved  for  a  burial  ground,  and  here  all  that  was  mortal  of  the 
early  settlers  was  laid  to  rest.  This  spot  is,  without  doubt,  the  site 
of  what  is  the  Bridge  street  burial  ground.  Mr.  Blynman  was 
engaged  in  the  ministry  here  until  1649,  removing  the  next  year 
with  a  company  of  other  settlers  to  New  London.  His  labors  here 
characterized  by  much  disturbance,  the  meetings  were  broken  up, 
etc.  He  is  spoken  of  as  a  man  of  sweet,  humble,  heavenly  carriage 
yet  he  was  before  the  court  on  a  complaint  of  Anthony  Day, 
acknowledged  the  truth  of  this  accusation  but  was  discharged  with 
the  warning  "to  beware  of  the  like  rash  carriage  in  the  future."  He 
was  probably  a  man  of  good  parts  possessed  of  a  violent  temper. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  29 

After  Rev.  Mr.  Blynman's  departure,  WilHam  Perkins  of  Wey- 
mouth  settled  here  in  1650  to  minister  to  the  spiritual  needs  of  the 
depleted  band  of  worshippers.  Shortly  before  his  arrival  the  town, 
through  the  selectmen,  set  off  10  acres  of  upland  for  the  use  of  teach- 
ing elders  forever,  also  a  half  acre  of  upland  reserved  for  the  town 
to  build  a  house  for  the  use  of  teaching  elders  "under  the  meeting 
house  where  it  now  stands"  and  furthermore,  10  acres  of  fresh  marsh 
above  the  head  of  Little  river.  Mr.  Perkins  remained  here  until 
1655  when  he  removed  to  Topsfield.  In  a  pioneer  settlement  no 
agency  is  so  effective  in  uniting  a  community  into  a  compact  and 
coherent  body  as  its  spiritual  guide.  This  was  soon  apparent  to 
the  settlers,  and  after  a  six  years'  vacancy  in  their  pulpit  arrange- 
ments were  finally  made  with  the  Rev.  John  Emerson  to  become 
the  pastor  of  the  settlement.  His  salary  was  fixed  at  ^60  per 
annum,  payable  in  corn  and  other  cereals,  fish,  beef  or  pork.  In 
1672  the  town  voted  that  he  should  receive  one-eighth  of  the  salary 
in  money,  and  in  1679  ne  was  awarded  an  additional  £8  together 
with  his  firewood.  In  1673  £So  was  voted  by  the  town  for  the 
erection  of  a  parsonage.  He  was  quite  thrifty  at  his  death  in  1700 
at  the  age  of  75,  was  possessed  of  a  considerable  estate  for  the  times 
including  three  saw  mills.  The  second  meeting  house  was  erected 
before  1664,  at  a  cost  of  £60  not  including  the  labor,  Robert  Elwell 
and  Clement  Coldam  being  the  committee  in  charge.  After  serving 
its  purpose  about  40  years  it  was  taken  down.  Mr.  Emerson's 
ministry  was  highly  successful,  his  methods  in  spiritual  as  well  as 
secular  affairs  were  energetic,  and  the  congregation  had  grown  at 
his  death  to  three  times  the  number  at  his  settlement.  He  was 
also  the  first  ecclesiast  from  the  time  of  Lyford  who  steered  clear  of 
entanglement  either  in  the  court  or  with  his  parishioners,  if  we 
except  Chaplain  Rashley  of  whom  we  have  slight  knowledge. 

KING  PHILIP'S  WAR. 

As  has  been  pointed  out  in  an  opening  chapter,  the  peculiar  situa- 
tion of  the  town  rendered  it  exempt  from  the  ravages  of  the  red 
men.  The  town's  quota  for  the  Indian  war  of  1675,  as  raised  by 
draft  were  Hugh  Rowe,  Thomas  Kent,  Vincent  Davis,  Jacob  Davis, 
Joseph  Allen,  Joseph  Somes,  Joseph  Clark,  and  Andrew  Sargent. 
All  of  these  men  probably  were  not  in  actual  service,  but  may  have 
provided  substitutes.  Joseph  Somes  was  killed  during  the  hostilities. 


30  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Among  those  granted  lots  of  land  at  Kettle  Cove  for  their  service 
during  this  war  were  Joseph  Clark  and  Hugh  Rowe,  of  the  original 
quota,  Timothy  Somes  drawing  a  lot  for  Joseph  Somes,  who  was 
killed,  and  John  Bray,  Nathaniel  Bray,  John  Day,  Moses  Dudy,  John 
Fitch,  John  Haskell,  Edward  Haraden,  Isaac  Prince,  Samuel  Stan- 
wood,  John  Stanwood,  and  Philip  Stanwood,  these  latter,  no  doubt, 
acting  as  substitutes  for  those  originally  drafted.  It  is  estimated 
that  this  number  comprised  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  citizens  capable 
of  military  service. 

FIRST  LAND  GRANTS. 

The  first  settlers  "located  "  on  the  land,  which,  in  their  judgment, 
was  most  desirable  for  their  particular  needs,  each  newcomer  selecting 
a  tract  that  had  remained  unclaimed.  Pre-emption  was  a  clear  title 
to  possession,  and  until  February  27,  1688,  no  grant  of  land  had 
been  made.  On  the  date  specified,  however,  it  was  voted  at  a 
town  meeting  that  every  householder  and  young  man  who  had 
attained  his  majority  and  was  a  native  of  the  town,  capable  of  the 
rights  and  duties  of  citizenship,  should  be  granted  six  acres  of  land. 

Rights  of  way  for  free  passage  were  provided  for,  and  the  inhabi- 
tants were  given  the  privilege  of  cutting  wood  upon  these  lots  for  their 
own  use.  Accordingly,  82  lots,  in  numerical  order,  were  laid  out  on 
the  easterly  side  of  the  Cut,  and  were  drawn  for  and  secured  by  the 
following  persons :  Joseph  Allen,  Richard  Babson,  John  Babson, 
Ebenezer  Babson,  Anthony  Bennett,  Nathaniel  Bray,  John  Bray, 
Joseph  Clark,  Joanna  Collins,  Ezekiel  Collins,  John  Cook,  Job  Coit, 
Anthony  Day,  Ezekiel  Day,  John  Day,  Thomas  Day,  Nathaniel  Day, 
James  Davis,  junior,  William  Dolliver,  Peter  Duncan,  Isaac  Elwell, 
senior,  Isaac  Elwell,  junior,  Jacob  Elwell,  Robert  Elwell,  Samuel 
Elwell,  William  Ellery,  Rev.  John  Emerson,  John  Emerson,  junior, 
heirs  of  Isaac  Eveleth,  Sylvester  Eveleth,  John  Fitch,  Bartholomew 
Foster,  Joseph  Gardner,  Stephen  Glover,  John  Hadley,  Edward 
Haraden,  John  Haraden,  Sarah  Haraden,  John  Hammon,  Samuel 
Hodgkins,  Henry  Joslyn,  Thomas  Judkin,  Thomas  Millet,  John 
Millett,  Francis  Norwood,  Francis  Norwood,  junior,  Jeffrey  Parsons, 
John  Pearce,  Isaac  Prince,  Thomas  Prince,  senior,  Thomas  Prince, 
junior,  Thomas  Riggs,  senior,  Thomas  Riggs,  junior,  Abraham  Rob- 
inson, Hugh  Rowe,  James  Rowe,  John  Rowe,  senior,  John  Rowe, 
junior,  William  Sargent,  senior,  William  Sargent,  junior,  William 
Sargent,  2d,  John  Sargent,  Samuel  Sargent,  Nathaniel  Somes,  Timo- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  31 

thy  Somes,  Morris  Smith,  Robert  Skamp,  James  Stevens,  senior, 
James  Stevens,  junior,  William  Stevens,  Samuel  Stevens,  Philip 
Stanwood,  Samuel  Stanwood,  John  Stanwood,  Jonathan  Stanwood, 
Thomas  Very,  William  Vinson,  Thomas  Witham,  Henry  Williams. 
John  Elwell,  who  was  absent  at  the  time  of  the  drawing,  claimed  and 
received  a  lot  in  1707. 

There  were  31  lots  laid  out  west  of  the  Cut  bridge  in  that  section 
of  the  town  comprising  West  Gloucester  and  Magnolia.  They  were 
drawn  as  follows  :  Thomas  Bray,  senior,  Thomas  Bray,  junior,  John 
Clark,  Peter  Coffin,  Nathaniel  Coit,  Richard  Dolliver,  Jacob  Davis, 
James  Davis,  Richard  Dike,  Timothy  Day,  William  Haskell,  senior, 
William  Haskell,  junior,  Benjamin  Haskell,  Joseph  Haskell,  Mark 
Haskell,  Nathaniel  Hadlock,  Josiah  Kent,  Thomas  Lufkin,  Thomas 
Lufkin,  junior,  Nathaniel  Millett,  John  Pulcifer,  Thomas  Penny, 
deceased,  Jeffrey  Parsons,  senior,  James  Parsons,  John  Parsons, 
Andrew  Sargent,  John  Sargent,  James  Sawyer,  Henry  Walker,  Rev. 
John  Wise  of  Chebacco,  Humphrey  Woodbury. 

RESISTS  GOVERNOR  ANDROS. 

In  1688,  several  of  the  towns  of  the  Massachusetts  colony  refused 
to  pay  the  odious  taxes  imposed  by  the  tyranical  governor,  Sir 
Edwin  Andros.  As  in  later  days,  the  people  were  active  in  protesting 
against  this  exaction.  Among  the  rebellious  towns  was  Gloucester 
and,  as  a  result,  seven  of  the  prominent  citizens  were  arraigned  and 
fined  at  Salem  for  the  refusal  of  the  town  to  honor  the  terms  of 
the  warrant.  The  names  of  the  citizens  were  William  Haskell, 
James  Stevens,  Thomas  Reggs  and  Thomas  Millet,  the  selectmen, 
Timothy  Somes,  constable  and  William  Sargent.  All  but  Somes 
were  fined  40  shillings  each  to  which  ,£3  i  shilling  was  added  for 
fees.  Somes  was  discharged  on  the  payment  of  fees. 

WITCHCRAFT  DELUSION. 

The  witchcraft  delusion  of  1692  extended  to  Gloucester  but  hap- 
pily none  of  the  accused  were  put  to  death.  In  the  summer  of  that 
year  its  symptoms  became  manifest  when  Ebenezer  Babson  and  his 
family  reported  that  strange  noises,  as  of  persons  running  about  his 
house,  were  heard  almost  every  night.  Babson,  on  returning  at  a 
late  hour  also  saw  two  strange  men  come  out  of  his  house  and 
disappear  in  his  cornfield.  He  stated  that  he  could  hear  them 
converse  and  that  one  said,  "The  man  of  the  house  is  come  now, 


32  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

• 

else  we  might  have  taken  the  house."  The  entire  family,  becoming 
alarmed,  retired  to  the  garrison  to  which  place  they  were  followed 
by  two  men.  On  another  day  Babson,  who  seems  to  have  experi- 
enced a  monopoly  of  these  occurrences  in  the  town,  saw  strangers 
who  appeared  like  Frenchmen,  and  at  another  time  the  number  was 
increased  to  six.  A  party  went  in  pursuit.  Babson  overtook  two 
and  tried  to  fire  at  them  but,  strange  to  relate,  his  gun  persistently 
missed  fire.  A  short  time  afterwards  he  saw  three  men,  one  wearing 
a  white  waistcoat.  This  time  his  rifle  proved  trusty.  All  fell 
beneath  his  unerring  aim  but  on  his  approaching  the  dead  or 
wounded  men  arose  and  ran  away,  one  discharging  a  gun  as  he  went. 
At  length  one  of  these  spectral  marauders  was  surrounded  so  that 
escape  was  impossible.  He  was  shot  by  Babson,  but  this  time  when 
Babson  approached  to  take  possession  of  the  body  it  mysteriously 
disappeared.  For  quite  a  time  afterwards  a  company,  supposed  to 
be  French  and  Indians,  prowled  about  the  garrison  and  held  loud 
conversations  in  a  swamp  near  by.  Babson,  on  his  way  to  the  har- 
bor to  carry  the  news,  was  fired  upon.  The  people  became  greatly 
excited  and  appealed  to  the  outside  towns  for  help.  Ipswich  re- 
sponded with  60  men  to  assist  in  putting  these  strange  intruders  to 
flight.  The  excitement  soon  abated,  Babson  seeming  to  be  the  only 
person  to  whom  these  extraordinary  manifestations  were  revealed. 
Six  women  of  the  town  were  imprisoned  on  the  ground  of  being 
witches.  Abagail  Somes  was  one  of  the  first  accused  and  was 
confined  in  Boston  nearly  seven  months,  being  released  Jan.  3,  1693, 
without  trial.  Ann  Dolliver,  wife  of  William  Dolliver,  and  four 
other  females  were  accused  of  witchcraft  but  fortunately  returning 
reason  of  the  people,  prevented  their  execution.  Rev.  John  Emer- 
son, the  clergyman  of  the  town,  wrote  concerning  these  occurrences 
and  in  defence  of  his  parishioners  :  "All  rational  persons  will  be 
satisfied  that  Gloucester  was  not  harmed  for  a  fortnight  altogether 
by  real  French  and  Indians,  but  that  the  devil  and  his  angels  were 
the  cause  of  all  that  befel  the  town." 

OTHER   HAPPENINGS. 

The  increase  of  population  up  to  1700  was  scanty.  Settlers  came 
and  went.  In  1693,  the  town's  quarterly  tax,  levied  by  the  colony 
government,  was  £68  us,  over  one-half  of  which  was  poll  tax,  the  citi- 
zen paying  the  highest  amount  being  Peter  Coffin,  who  was  assessed 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  33 

£2  1 8s.  and  6d.  Fully  one-quarter  of  the  population  resided  at  West 
Jjloucesier,  where  the  land  was  better  adapted  for  farming  purposes. 
The  roads  in  those  days  were  scarcely  broken,  and  in  very  bad  condi- 
tion. The  greater  part  of  the  population  east  of  the  Annisquam 
river  was  centered  in  the  upper  part  of  ward  6.  By  far  the  shortest 
route  to  church  and  the  principal  part  of  the  village  was  to  cross  the 
marsh  from  the  west  parish  side  to  Biskie,  now  Rust's  island,  thence 
across  the  river  to  Trynall  cove,  thence  down  Ferry  lane  to  what  is 
now  Washington  street.  A  public  ferry  was  established  there  in 
1694,  Samuel  Hodgkins  being  the  ferryman,  the  ferry  being  con- 
tinued for  100  years,  and  the  transportation  always  conducted  by  a 
member  of  the  Hodgkins  family. 

The  last  act  of  any  magnitude  undertaken  by  the  settlers,  at  the 
close  of  the  century,  was  the  erection  of  a  meeting  house.  In  town 
meeting,  Dec.  23,  1697,  the  people  being  of  one  mind  religiously,  a 
committee  of  three,  consisting  of  Samuel  Sargent,  John  Parsons, 
and  Benjamin  Haskell  were  chosen  to  supervise  the  erection  of  a 
meeting  house,  the  dimensions  being  40  feet  square  and  16  feet  stud. 
A  tax  was  levied  on  the  town  for  its  construction,  but  it  was  not 
raised  until  May,  1 700.  It  was  the  third  erected  in  town,  and  occupied 
the  site  on  the  meeting  house  green,  still  preserved  for  common  use, 
in  Ward  6,  hard  by  the  main  thoroughfare.  Its  cost  was  .£253,  it 
being  furnished  with  a  short  tower,  bell  and  pews,  and  was,  no  doubt, 
the  chief  and  most  imposing  public  building  of  the  town  in  the  days 
when  church  and  state,  locally  considered,  were  one. 

In  1699  the  population  was  about  650,  scattered  over  the  whole 
area  of  the  town.  Notwithstanding  this  slow  growth,  the  commu- 
nity prospered  materially.  The  greater  part  of  the  original  log  houses 
had  been  superseded  by  frame  dwellings,  or  the  logs  had  been  cov- 
ered with  boards.  Timber  was  plenty,  and  the  large  number  of  saw 
mills  furnished  facilities  for  its  ready  manufacture  into  lumber  of  the 
desired  dimensions.  This  in  itself  was  an  excellent  indication.  The 
character  of  the  houses  of  a  community  mark  with  unerring  hand 
the  development  of  the  self-respect,  and  furnish  a  sure  criterion  of 
the  energy  of  the  inhabitants. 

One  of  New  England's  famous  authors,  in  a  work,  the  scenes  of 
which  are  laid  in  the  early  days  of  a  neighboring  city,  states  that  the 
first  products  of  civilization  are  a  cemetery  and  a  prison.  The  code 
of  laws,  especially  those  governing  morals,  were  excessively  puritanical 


34  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

and  several  cases  are  on  record  where  an  ignominious  punish- 
ment was  inflicted  upon  offenders.  Although  the  necessities  of  the 
town  had  not  as  yet  required  the  erection  of  a  jail,  yet,  about  this  time, 
a  public  whipping  post  and  stocks  were  erected.  They  were  main- 
tained until  about  1770,  and  the  location  of  these  implements  was 
in  a  field,  between  Middle  and  Main  streets  on  the  one  side,  and 
Hancock  and  Centre  streets  on  the  other. 

In  regard  to  marriage,  it  is  curious  to  note  that  up  to  1700  it  was 
considered  as  a  civil,  and  not  of  a  religious  nature.  Although  a 
regularly  ordained  minister  of  the  gospel  was,  with  the  exception 
of  a  brief  interval,  settled  among  the  people,  none  but  magistrates 
performed  the  ceremony,  and  as  such  a  functionary  did  not  take  up 
his  abode  in  town  until  1700,  couples  were  obliged  to  journey  to  some 
neighboring  town  where  a  magistrate  resided,  in  order  to  be  made 
man  and  wife. 

Relative  to  material  prosperity,  and  more  especially  in  reference 
to  the  marine  industry  of  the  town,  it  may  be  said  that  at  this  period 
some  dozen  shallops,  sloops,  etc.,  were  owned  by  the  inhabitants 
and  fishing,  on  a  small  scale,  from  about  1680  was  beginning  to  be 
profitably  pursued.  There  is  also  reasonable  evidence  to  suppose 
that  the  port  was  used  as  a  convenient  place  to  evade  the  payment 
of  customs  taxes  for,  in  1680,  John  Price,  a  passenger  from  Piscata- 
quis  to  Boston,  on  a  craft  that  put  into  Cape  Ann  for  a  harbor, 
deposes  that  he  saw  taken  out  of  a  pink  and  a  fly  boat  here  several 
casks,  saddlery,  chests,  etc.,  and  put  on  board  one  of  William 
Sargent's  boats  to  be  taken  to  Boston,  to  be  delivered  to  their 
owner,  a  Mr.  Best  of  that  town.  This  merchant  told  Price  that  he, 
Best,  was  the  owner  of  the  goods.  Thus  those  were  the  halcyon 
times  when  practical  tariff  reform  and  encouragement  of  home  indus- 
try were  synonymous  terms. 

Standing  with  one  foot  upon  the  threshold  of  the  eighteenth 
century  and  taking  a  farewell  glance,  we  find  no  great  difficulty  in 
making  a  mental  picture  of  the  town.  The  lusty  arm  of  the  wood- 
man had  done  much  to  thin  the  thick  growth  of  the  timber  found 
when  the  prow  of  Champlain's  craft  cleft  the  waves  of  Beau- 
port  bay  or,  later,  upon  the  advent  of  the  Dorchester  colonists 
in  1623.  Still  quite  a  respectable  growth  remained  in  what  is  now 
the  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  city.  The  shores  were  fringed 
with  woods,  through  which  well  defined  paths  might  be  seen  leading, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


36 


in  a  few  instances,  to  small  and  rudely  constructed  wharves  or,  in  the 
majority  of  cases,  to  the  mooring  place  of  some  small  shallop.  The 
houses  of  the  settlers,  scattered  at  infrequent  intervals  were,  in  the 
main,  hidden  by  the  forest.  One  or  two,  however,  could  be  observed 
which  had  been  located  in  a  commanding  situation,  from  which  the 
surrounding  wood  had  been  felled.  Was  there  a  prophetic  mind 
among  this  pioneer  band  who  saw  clearly  in  succeeding  years  that 
this  quiet  and  unsettled  spot  was  in  future  time  to  be  the  site  of  a 
city  which,  judged  by  its  own  standards,  was  to  stand  pre-eminent 
among  its  rivals  in  the  new  continent  and  perhaps  in  the  whole 
world  ? 


36  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  V. 

The  Early  Settlers. 

LIST  OF  THOSE  WHO  BECAME  INHABITANTS  OF  CAPE  BEFORE  1700— 
HARDY  PIONEERS  WHO  LEFT  PLEASANT  HOMES  IN  OLD  ENGLAND 
TO  HAZARD  NEW  FORTUNES  IN  THE  WESTERN  WORLD. 

THE  controlling  motive  which  impells  men  to  seek  their  for- 
tunes in  new  fields,  or  unknown  climes,  is  generally  a  desire 
to  better  their  condition.  And  so  we  may  safely  assume  that  the 
majority  of  our  first  settlers  were  induced  to  leave  their  homes  in  old 
England  by  the  accounts  of  the  superior  opportunies  which  the  new 
country  offered  for  advancement,  and  the  glamour  which  always 
invests  the  description  of  virgin  fields  of  enterprise  and  endeavor. 

Not  all  the  newcomers,  however,  can  be  said  to  have  been  actuated 
by  the  pecuniary  consideration.  A  good  sprinkling  of  the  leading 
pioneers,  as  Miles  Standish  at  Plymouth,  Roger  Conant,  Obadiah 
Bruen  and  others  of  the  Cape  Ann  contingent,  left  pleasant  and  even 
luxurious  homes  to  rough  it  in  the  new  world,  governed,  no  doubt, 
by  that  spirit  which  animates  the  more  adventurous  among  all  classes 
in  every  country. 

However,  there  is  no  doubt  but  what  the  greater  part  of  the  early 
settlers  were  composed  of  those  whose  capital  consisted  mainly  in 
their  strong  and  sturdy  purpose  to  carve  out  a  home  and,  perchance, 
a  competence,  in  the  new  land. 

Despite  the  assumptions  of  some,  the  Cape  must  have  presented 
an  inviting  aspect  to  those  who  came  to  make  the  spot  their  habita- 
tion for,  doubtless,  the  various  relays  of  immigrants  arrived  in  the 
spring  or  early  summer,  when  nature  was  at  its  best,  and  at  that 
period  the  thickly  wooded  character  of  the  territory  hid  the  rocky 
nature  of  the  soil  as  it  appears  to-day  denuded  of  its  growth  of  wood. 
The  first  duty  of  the  settler  was  to  select  a  site  for  his  home,  gener- 
ally in  some  sheltered  and  secluded  nook,  secure  from  the  blasts  of 
winter.  Material  grew  close  at  hand,  and  a  log  house  of  small  dimen- 
sions, generally  of  one  room  and  an  attic,  was  constructed  in  short 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  37 

order.     Here  the  household  gods  were  set  up,  and  here  the  perma- 
nent foundation  of  the  community  was  firmly  established. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  a  genealogical  history  of  these 
families,  or  those  who  succeeded  them  during  the  first  half  of  1700. 
Besides  lack  of  space,  a  detailed  statement  of  family  history  would 
be  interesting  only  to  the  immediate  few  concerned.  The  subject 
may  be  dismissed,  therefore,  with  the  statement  that  the  inhabitant 
of  Gloucester  of  to-day  who  traces  his  lineage  back  some  200  or 
more  years  is  a  composite  of  the  whole,  if  the  term  may  be  allowed, 
that  is  to  say  that  the  comparatively  small  number  of  inhabitants  up 
to  1855,  and  the  non-accession  up  to  that  time  of  outside  popula- 
tion, resulted  in  marriages,  which,  in  the  course  of  time,  effectually 
linked  all  the  permanent  settlers  in  the  common  bonds  of  consan- 
guinity. 

Of  the  settlers  here  before  1650  about  30  lived  within  the  limits 
of  the  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  city  as  it  exists  to-day,  compris- 
ing wards  2,  3,  4  and  5.  Nearly  a  score  resided  in  the  upper  part  of 
ward  4,  three  on  the  tract  comprising  land  between  Duncan  and 
Pearce  streets,  five  lived  beyond  near  the  base  of  Union  hill  and  two 
somewhere  about  what  is  now  the  junction  of  Prospect,  Washington 
and  Foster  streets.  On  the  westerly  slope  of  Beacon  hill  lived  five 
of  the  original  colonists  named  Felch,  Streeter,  T.  Smith,  Baker  and 
Cotton.  This  locality  is  now  known  as  Done  Fudging.  Settlers 
named  Ashley,  Milward,  Listen,  Luther  and  several  others  lived 
along  the  harbor  front.  These  were  here  before  1642  and  may  have 
been  members  of  Mr.  Thompson's  company.  Settlers  came  and 
went  as  they  were  impressed  favorably  or  unfavorably.  The  greater 
part  had  land  in  different  places,  and  interchanges  were  frequent, 
often  by  verbal  agreement.  Of  those  who  came  at  or  before  1650 
about  30  located  permanently. 

About  1670  the  pedestrian  touring  the  cape  leisurely,  and  taking  a 
census,  would  have  found  62  families  of  49  different  names,  1 10  men 
of  different  names  having  made  their  abode  here  for  longer  or 
shorter  periods  up  to  that  date.  In  the  central  part  of  the  city 
to-day,  clustered  at  various  distances  along  the  inner  harbor,  resided 
the  families  of  Samuel,  Isaac,  Josiah,  Joseph  and  Thomas  Elwell, 
Thomas  Prince,  senior  and  Thomas  Prince,  junior,  Bartholomew 
Foster,  James  Gardner,  Stephen  Grover,  Charles,  James  and  Hugh 
Row,  Robert  Skamp,  Thomas  Very,  \  William  Vincent  (or  Vinson), 


88  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

near  Vincent  Cove,  John  Curney,  William  Coleman,  John  Curney, 
Peter  Duncan,  on  the  spot  in  the  vicinity  of  Duncan  street,  Osman 
Dutch  and !  William  Ellery. 

Leaving  the  central  part  of  the  city  as  it  is  to-day,  proceeding  up 
the  path  now  known  as  Washington  street,  the  wayfarer  came  to  the 
tract  known  as  the  "neck  of  houselots"  which  extended  north  from 
Governor's  hill  including  the  land  between  Squam  and  Mill  rivers, 
the  present  ward  6,  namely  known  as  Riverdale.  There  were  living 
then  about  15  families  in  this  vicinity  namely,  those  of  Joseph 
Allen,  Joseph  Clark,  Anthony  Day,  John  Fitch,  Thomas  Jones, 
Thomas  Judkin,  Thomas  Millett,  Job  Millett,  John  Pearce,  William 
Sargent,  Morris  Somes,  Thomas  Somes,  Philip  Stanwood,  James 
Stevens,  Rev.  John  Emerson.  At  this  time  the  mill,  meeting  house, 
tavern,  etc.,  were  located  in  this  vicinity. 

Further  on,  on  the  enclosed  water  known  as  Goose  Cove,  were  the 
families  of  Thomas  Riggs,  town  clerk  and  school-master,  Francis 
Norwood  and  John  Hammons.  Continuing  to  Lobster  Cove  were 
the  families  of  Edward  Harraden  and  Henry  Witham  who  occupied 
several  acres  extending  from  the  head  of  the  cove  to  Ipswich  bay 
then  called  Planter's  Neck.  Continuing,  the  traveller  wended  his 
way  through  an  unbroken  forest  at  what  is  now  Pigeon  Cove  and 
Rockport,  the  first  settler  in  that  vicinity,  Richard  Tarr,  making 
inroads  in  the  forest  primeval  on  the  south  side  of  Davison's  Run 
about  1690,  followed  by  John  Pool  about  1700  who  settled  near  Tarr. 
The  circuit  of  the  cape  was  made  until  "Farms"  in  ward  2  were 
reached.  Here  were  located  with  their  families  John  Rowe,  James 
Babson,  and  on  Eastern  Point  were  located  Abraham  Robinson  and 
Robert  Elwell. 

Across  the  Cut  bridge  in  ward  8,  at  the  head  of  Bray's  hill  over- 
looking Stage  Fort,  was  the  dwelling  of  Jeffrey  Parsons,  and  further 
along  at  Fresh  Water  Cove  Samuel  Dolliver,  who  owned  the  largest 
herd  in  town,  10  cows,  had  taken  up  his  abode. 

At  what  is  known  as  the  West  Parish  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  Walker's  Creek  and  Little  river,  mainly  engaged  in  farming,  were 
Thomas  Bray,  James  Davis,  Jacob  Davis,  Richard  Dike,  Sylvester 
Eveleth,  Richard  Goodwin,  Nathaniel  Hadlock,  William  Haskell, 
father  and  son,  Joseph  Haskell,  Thomas  Kent,  Thomas  Lufkin, 
Nathaniel  Millett,  Thomas  Penny  and  Henry  Walker.  Fishing  and 
farming  about  equally  engaged  the  attention  of  the  entire  village. 


\; 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  39 

Subjoined  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  settlers  who  were  in  town 
at  or  before  1 700  : 

WILLIAM  ADDES,  one  of  the  first  selectmen.  He  was  here  in  1649  but 
is  not  mentioned  as  a  landowner  otherwise  than  that  he  disposed  of  a  lot 
on  Eastern  Point.  He  is  also  spoken  of  building  a  barque.  He  removed 
to  New  London,  Conn.,  in  1658.  His  daughter  Millicent  married  William 
Southmeade.  MARTHA  AGAR.  Her  daughter  Hannah  died  in  1696  aged 
10  years. 

JOSEPH  ALLEN.  The  Aliens  were  among  the  first  settlers,  William 
Allen  being  one  of  the  party  sent  over  by  the  Dorchester  company.  He 
probably  settled  in  Manchester  and  is,  without  doubt,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Aliens  of  the  present  day  living  hereabouts.  Joseph  came  here  it  1674, 
and  was  given  a  grant  of  land  and  a  common  right.  He  was  a  black- 
smith. He  built  a  house  on  the  land  near  the  meeting  house.  He  was 
elected  selectman  at  frequent  intervals  and  a  representative  in  1705.  He 
was  twice  married,  first  to  Rachel  Griggs  in  1680,  and  next  to  Rose 
Howard  in  1684.  He  died  in  1724,  aged  71.  His  immediate  descendants 
became  quite  prominent  and  accumulated  considerable  property  for  the 
times.  William,  his  grandson,  emigrated  to  New  Gloucester  at  the  early 
settlement  of  the  town.  Nathaniel,  another  grandson,  after  conducting  a 
successful  fishing  and  commercial  business,  became  a  bankrupt  and 
removed  to  Dover,  N.  H.,  shortly  before  the  opening  of  the  Revolutionary 
War. 

RALPH  ANDREWS  first  appears  on  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  to  Aba- 
gail  Very  in  1681.  He  is  not  recorded  as  a  landowner.  He  left  three 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Others  of  the  name  also  came  here  from 
Ipswich.  William  Andrews  was  wounded  in  one  of  the  expeditions  to 
Louisburg,  Cape  Breton,  and  died  on  the  passage  home. 

WILLIAM  ASH.  No  land  appears  to  have  been  granted  this  man.  He 
acquired  real  estate,  however,  and  sold  a  house  and  land  to  John  Jackson 
in  May,  1651.  He  married  Millicent,  widow  of  William  Southmeade. 

MR.  ASHLEY.  A  lot  in  the  harbor  is  mentioned,  in  1650,  as  his  prop- 
erty. Thomas  Ashley  and  his  goods  were  attached  in  July,  1642,  on 
account  of  William  Addes  and  others. 

EDMUND  ASHBY  was  in  Salem  in  1665  and  appears  here  only  at  the 
birth  of  his  son  James  in  1680. 

CHRISTOPHER  AVERY  and  his  son  James  were  among  the  first  settlers, 
having  land  in  various  sections  of  the  town.  Christopher  was  a  selectman 
in  1646,  1652  and  1654.  He  held  other  important  offices  but  various 
criminal  actions,  inconsistent  with  the  strict  puritanical  code,  led  to  his 
presentation  at  court  several  times.  Avery  sold  his  real  estate  here  in 
1658  and  removed  to  New  London,  to  which  place  his  son  James  had 
preceded  him  in  1651. 

ISABEL  BABSON,  widow,  and  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first  practitioner 
of  the  obstetric  branch  of  the  medical  profession  in  town,  was  an  inhabi- 
tant of  Salem  in  1637  but  came  here  a  short  time  afterwards  with  her  son 
James.  She  received  several  grants  of  land,  James  settling  near  Good 


40  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Harbor  beach.  John  Babson  was  granted  two  or  three  acres  of  land  at 
Straitsmouth  to  engage  in  the  occupation  of  fishing  and  fish  curing.  One 
of  this  family  removed  to  Hopkinton  and  Manchester,  N.  H.,  dying  at  the 
latter  place,  July  31,  1800.  James,  son  of  Isabel,  is  probably  the  ancestor 
of  all  the  Babsons  in  the  United  States. 

THOMAS  BAILEY  and  his  wife  Mary,  appear  in  Gloucester  in  1700. 

ALEXANDER  BAKER,  an  early  resident,  was  the  owner  of  a  house  and 
land.  He  lived  in  Boston  many  years. 

GILES  BARGE  purchased  two  acres  of  land  in  Fishermen's  field  in  1653 
which  he  sold  in  1655.  He  also  acquired  some  260  acres  of  land  at  Scar- 
borough. 

WILLIAM  BARTHOLMEW  was  here  in  1657,  and  had  a  tract  of  land.  He 
remained  in  town  but  a  short  time  when  he  removed  to  Boston. 

RICHARD  BEEFORD  appears  in  an  action  brought  at  the  Quarterly  court 
in  Salem  in  1637,  but  was  not  probably  a  resident  of  Gloucester  before 
1650.  He  was  a  freeman  in  1651  and  selectman  in  1659  and  1660. 

ANTHONY  BENNETT  was  a  carpenter  and  probably  came  from  Beverly, 
where  he  was  living  in  1671.  He  had  grants  of  land  here  in  1679,  and 
settled  on  the  eastern  side  of  Mill  river.  Peter,  a  son,  removed  in  1718 
to  Georgetown,  Me.,  and  descendants  of  this  family  reside  in  New  Glou- 
cester and  other  sections  of  Maine. 

GEORGE  BLAKE  was  a  selectman  in  1649  and  Freeman  in  1651.  He  had 
several  grants  of  land  which  he  sold  with  the  houses  thereon  and  removed 
to  Boxford  about  1669  where  he  died  Feb.  12,  1698. 

JOHN  BOURNE  lived  in  Salem  then  came  to  Gloucester,  purchasing  a 
house  at  Trynall  cove  in  1649  which  he  sold  in  1652.  He  went  to  Barba- 
does  in  1661. 

JOHN  BRIARS  was  married  here  1652  and  had  several  children.  He  had 
a  grant  of  land.  He  left  town  in  1661. 

EDMUND  BROADWAY  sold  land  in  different  places  in  1653  and  1654. 

THOMAS  BRAY  was  a  ship  carpenter  and  had  several  grants  of  land 
among  others  at  the  head  of  Little  river  in  1647,  and  on  the  north  side  of 
Cow  island  marsh  in  1651  upon  which  to  erect  a  house.  He  undoubtedly 
settled  in  that  locality  where  his  descendants  reside  at  the  present  time. 

JOHN  BROWN  built  a  house  here  in  1704,  near  Sadler's  Run.  John 
Brown,  junior,  removed  to  Falmouth. 

WILLIAM  BROWN,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  had  several  sections  of  land. 
He  resided  near  the  harbor.  He  was  selectman  in  1644  and  1647. 

OBADIAH  BRUEN  was  the  son  of  John  Bruen,  a  noted  Puritan  of  ancient 
family,  residing  at  Bruen  Stapleford,  county  of  Chester,  England.  The 
Bruens  traced  their  ancestry  back  to  the  Norman  conquest.  He  came  to 
Plymouth  with  Rev.  Richard  Blynman,  whom  he  accompanied  when  the  lat- 
ter came  to  Gloucester.  Land  was  granted  to  him  in  several  places.  He 
probably  lived  on  the  southwestern  side  of  the  meeting-house  green.  He 
was  made  a  freeman  in  1642,  clerk  of  the  writs,  and  commissioner  to  try 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  41 

small  causes  in  1643,  and  was  selectman  for  several  terms,  and  representa- 
tive three  years.  In  1645  ne  was  licensed  "to  draw  wine."  He  was  town 
clerk  until  September,  1650,  when  he  sold  his  belongings  here  and  went  to 
New  London,  carrying  the  records  with  him.  Afterwards  he  emigrated 
with  his  family  to  Newark. 

RICHARD  BYLES,  a  weaver,  was  the  son  of  Jonathan  Byles,  of  Beverly, 
first  noticed  in  Gloucester  in  1700.  He  bought  land  here  in  Gloucester. 
By  his  wife  Mary  he  had  eight  children.  He  removed  back  to  Beverly  in 
1727.  One  of  his  sons,  Charles,  remained  in  town,  purchasing  property 
near  Little  river.  He  commanded  a  company  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg, 
in  1745,  and  again,  it  is  said,  at  the  taking  of  Quebec.  ^He  married  Han- 
nah Eveleth,  and  left  two  sons^^^Sui 

JOHN  BUTMAN,  supposed  to  have  come  from  Salem,  received  a  grant  on 
the  west  side  of  Annisquam  river  in  1693,  but  in  1693  exchanged  it  for  a 
lot  at  the  head  of  Lobster  cove,  where  he  built  his  house.  He  married 
Sarah  Robinson,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children. 

HUGH  CALKIN  had  land  in  several  places.  He  was  admitted  freeman 
in  1642,  'was  a  selectman  several  years,  and  representative  in  1650  and 
1651.  In  the  latter  year  he  left  for  New  London,  from  which  place  he 
left  for  Norwich,  where  he  died  in  1690.  Two  of  his  daughters  married 
here. 

WILLIAM  CARD  married  Hannah  Coit,  Jan.  10,  1693,  by  whom  he  had 
five  children. 

THOMAS  CHASE  is  mentioned  in  1650. 

ARTHUR  CHURCHILL,  a  probable  connection  of  the  Tarrs,  died  in  1710. 

EDMUND  CLARK,  town  clerk  from  1657  to  November,  1665.  John,  a 
grandson,  and  his  wife  Ruth,  removed  to  Hampton  in  1718.  A  Mr.  Clark 
probably  Edmund,  is  mentioned  before  1650. 

MATTHEW  COE,  a  fisherman,  lived  in  Portsmouth  in  1640,  came  to 
Gloucester  before  1647.  He  had  a  grant  of  land  on  Stage  Neck  in  1651, 
which,  with  a  house  erected  thereon,  he  sold  to  Thomas  Riggs  10  years 
later,  and  removed  with  his  wife  and  family  to  Back  cove,  Falmouth,  Me. 

PETER  COFFIN,  son  of  Tristram  Coffin,  of  Newbury,  came  to  Gloucester 
in  1688,  and  occupied  a  tract  of  land,  comprising  some  500  acres,  between 
Essex  and  Chebacco  rivers,  originally  granted  to  William  Stevens,  but 
which  Coffin's  father  bought  of  Jonathan  Willoughby,  of  London.  His 
grandson  Peter  came  into  possession  of  the  property  by  entail  about  1747, 
where  he  resided  until  his  removal  to  the  village  near  the  harbor.  He 
was  a  prominent  citizen,  and  a  leader  in  the  community,  serving  continu- 
ously, with  the  exception  of  two  years,  as  selectman,  from  1753  to  1755. 
He  was  representative  several  terms,  from  1744  to  1792  and  also  was 
chosen  as  one  of  the  senators.  He  was  the  principal  acting  magistrate  of 
the  town  for  many  years.  He  died  in  1796.  His  wife  was  Mary  Currier, 
of  Amesbury,  by  whom  he  had  three  sons  and  seven  daughters.  His  con- 
nection with  various  patriotic  episodes  will  be  recounted  elsewhere. 

JOHN  COIT,  father  and  son  of  the  same  name,  were  early  settlers,  hav- 
ing probably  come  from  Salem,  where  the  name  is  found  in  1638.  John 


42  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Coit,  senior,  had  his  residence  at  Wheeler's  Point.  He  was  admitted  a 
freemen  in  1647,  and  was  selectman  in  1684.  He  went  to  New  London 
about  1657,  residing  there  until  his  death,  some  eight  years  later,  leaving 
a  wife  and  family.  John  Coit,  jun.,  married  Mary  Stevens,  May  21,  1652, 
by  whom  he  had  five  children. 

CLEMENT  COLDOM  is  supposed  to  have  come  from  Lynn.  He  was  here 
in  1649,  and  his  residence  was  on  the  easterly  side  of  Mill  river,  toward 
Goose  cove.  He  was  married. 

JOHN  COLLINS  was  in  Salem  in  1643,  DUt  came  to  Gloucester  a  short 
time  afterwards,  taking  up  his  residence  near  the  harbor.  He  was  a  select- 
man in  1646,  and  several  times  afterwards.  He  left  two  sons  and  daugh- 
ters, and  the  progeny  in  the  male  line  were  numerous.  John,  his  son, 
moved  to  Salem  about  1675,  and  died  before  September,  1677.  Ebenezer 
Collins,  a  descendant,  removed  to  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  where  he  died 
about  1804. 

WILLIAM  COLMAN,  planter,  appears  in  1654.  He  married  the  widow  of 
John  Rowe,  Nov.  14,  1662.  His  residence  was  near  the  '*  Farms,"  and  was 
burned,  the  first  fire  on  record  in  the  town.  A  reckon  the  northerly  side  of 
Rockport  road  perpetuates  his  name. 

JOHN  COOK. — The  first  mention  of  the  name  of  Cook  in  town  is  that  of 
Rachel  Cook,  who  married  William  Vinson  in  1661.  John  Cook  married 
Mary_JElwell,  Feb.  2,  1680.  Eli  as  Cook  had  a  dwelling-house  in  Smndy 
bay,  in  1738,  but  it  is  not  known  that  he  belonged  to  the  first  family  of 
the  same  name. 

THOMAS  CORNISH,  married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Stone,  Sept.  4,  1641. 
The  records  do  not  speak  of  any  grant  of  land  to  him,  but  he  had  a  house 
and  land.  He  probably  went  to  Exeter,  N.  H.,  where  a  person  of  the 
same  name  resided  in  1652. 

WILLIAM  COTTON  may  have  resided  here  a  short  time,  but  Boston  was 
his  permanent  residence. 

JOHN  CURNEY  came  from  Falmouth,  Me.,  about  1671.  He  married 
Abagail  Skellin,  who  he  probably  brought  with  him,  Nov.  18,  1670,  by 
whom  he  had  several  children. 

ZACCHEUS  CURTIS  and  his  wife  Jane  are  mentioned  in  1659  only  on  the 
occasion  of  the  birth  of  a  daughter. 

JOHN  DAVIS  the  progenitor  of  a  long  line  of  the  name  which  still  exists 
in  the  town  to-day,  bought  a  house,  barn,  orchard  and  land  of  Richard 
Window  in  1656.  This  property  was  probably  situated  near  Walker's 
Creek.  He  removed  to  Ipswich  after  a  residence  of  several  years,  but  left 
his  son  James  and  Jacob  residing  here  from  whom  a  prolific  line  of 
descendants  have  sprung. 

ANTHONY  DAY  came  here  in  1645,  probably  from  Ipswich.  He  did 
not  settle  permanently  until  1657  when  he  bought  a  house  and  land 
near  the  Poles.  His  wife  was  Susanna  Matchett.  Both  lived  to  an 
advanced  age,  he  to  91,  she  to  94.  They  had  eight  children,  seven  sons 
and  one  daughter.  A  descendant,  John,  settled  in  Norwich.  The  Days 
of  West  Gloucester  are  not  connected  with  Anthony,  but  trace  their  ances- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  43 

try  to  Isa^c  Day  who  came  from  Ipswich  and  married  Martha  Botham 
before  1700.  The  Bothams  appear  to  have  been  here  early,  and  a  spot 
near  the  Day  homestead  is  still  known  as  Botham's  hollow. 

NICHOLAS  DENNING  married  Sarah  Paine  in  1697  and  a  Nicholas  Den- 
ning married  Elizabeth  Davis  in  1699  and  had  six  children.  The  widow 
of  George  Denning  was  living  in  1738  in  West  Parish,  where  it  is 
supposed  the  family  originally  settled.  The  Dennen  name  is  found  in 
that  locality  at  the  present  time. 

RICHARD  DIKE  resided  in  West  Parish  where  he  bought  a  house  and 
land  of  Thomas  Kent  in  1688.  The  name  was  not  perpetuated  in  town 
beyond  the  second  generation.  Dike's  Meadow,  the  site  of  the  water 
storage  basin  may  have  derived  its  name  from  this  settler. 

SAMUEL  DOLLIVER  came  from  Marblehead  and  in  1652  bought  a  farm  at 
Freshwater  cove  of  Thomas  Milward.  His  wife  was  Mary  Elwell  by 
whom  he  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  About  1725  adescendant 
emigrated  to  Falmouth,  Me.,  where  three  of  his  sons  were  married.  The 
name  still  survives  in  town  to-day. 

WILLIAM  DUDBRIDGE  had  land  recorded  to  him  in  1645. 

MOSES  DUDY  was  a  servant  of  Robert  Elwell.  He  was  impressed  into 
•the  military  service  of  the  colony  for  which  he  received  a  grant  of  land  at 
Kettle  cove  which  he  sold  to  John  Rowe  in  1680. 

PETER  DUNCAN,  who  carried  on  a  small  trading  establishment,  bought  a 
house  and  land  in  1662  near  the  inner  harbor,  a  portion  of  which,  long 
known  as  Duncan's  Point,  now  one  of  the  most  valuable  tracts  in  the  city. 
His  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Deputy  Governor  SirnondSj  by  whom 
he  had  several  children,  but  the  name  is  not  perpetuated  by  descendants 
in  the  town.  Duncan  street  derives  its  name  from  this  settler. 

JOHN  DURGEE,  weaver,  appears  here  first  in  1695.  He  probably  came 
from  Ipswich.  In  1704  he  had  land  at  Chebacco  side  upon  which  to  erect 
a  house  besides  other  lots.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Jeffrey 
Parsons  by  whom  he  had  nine  children.  John  and  William  removed  to 
Hampton,  Conn.,  where  their  descendants  are  numerous. 

OSMAN  DUTCH  is  mentioned  early  as  a  purchaser  of  land.  His  resi- 
dence was  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  harbor,  called  long  afterwards,  from 
its  miry  character,  "Dutch  slough."  He  was  selectman  in  1650.  His  son 
Robert  married  and  removed  to  Ipswich.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Indian 
war  of  1675  and  was  severely  wounded  and  maltreated  by  the  enemy  in  a 
skirmish  and  left  for  dead  on  the  field.  He  recovered,  however,  and 
eventually  rejoined  his  friends. 

WILLIAM  ELLERY,  the  progenitor  of  a  family  who  became  one  of  the 
v  most  prominent  in  the  history  of  the  town,  is  first  heard  from  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  marriage,  Oct  8,  1683,  to  Hannah,  daughter  of  William  Vinson. 
He  was  admitted  freeman  in  1672,  was  selectman  a  few  years  and  a  repre- 
sentative in  May,  1689.  Benjamin,  his  son,  settled  in  Rhode  Island,  first 
at  Bristol  and  then  at  Newport.  Benjamin's  grandson,  William,  born  at 
Newport,  Dec.  22,  1727,  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress  in 
1776  and  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The 


44  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

distinguished  theologian,  William  Ellery  Channing,  D.  D.,  was  a  descend- 
ant in  the  fifth  generation  from  the  Gloucester  settler.  Descendants  of 
the  family  still  occupy  the  Ellery  house,  in  ward  six,  probably  the  most 
historic  house  in  town,  built  by  the  Rev.  John  White  shortly  after  the 
latter  settled  here. 

ROBERT  ELWELL.  This  name  appears  in  the  colony  records  in  1635. 
He  was  admitted  a  freeman  in  1640  and  was  a  member  of  the  Salem 
church  in  1643.  He  bought  land  in  Gloucester  in  April,  1642.  He 
finally  settled  at  Eastern  point  and  was  selectman  in  1649  and  several 
times  afterwards,  and  a  commissioner  to  try  small  causes  in  1651.  He 
married  twice  and  had  six  sons.  Succeeding  generations  were  quite  pro- 
lific and  held  prominent  positions  in  the  towns  civil  and  commercial 
affairs.  His  descendants  keep  the  name  alive  in  town  to-day. 

PETER  EMONS  and  his  wife  Martha  first  appear  in  town  in  1700. 

WILLIAM  EVANS  had  a  grant  of  land  in   1647  and  was  a  selectman  in 

\     1648.     In  1653  he  removed  to  Topsfield. 
'^k 

1  SYLVESTER  EVELETH  (or  Eveleigh)  as  he  himself  wrote  it,  had  land 
fj  recorded  to  him  on  the  north  side  of  the  mill  pond  in  December,  1648. 
'^*!\  He  was  selectman  in  1648,  a  freeman  in  1652  and  a  representative  in 
$^  1673.  He  lived  at  West  Parish,  where  he  had  large  tracts  of  land.  He 
was  licensed  to  keep  a  public  house.  An  old  house  built  by  a  son  or 
grandson  still  stands.  He  was  married  twice  and  one  of  his  two  sons, 
Joseph,  removed  to  Ipswich  at  which  place  he  died,  having  reached  the 
venerable  age  of  105  years.  One  of  his  sons  removed  to  West  Gloucester, 
settling  on  the  family  estate  at  the  head  of  Little  river.  One  of  the  latter, 
Nathaniel,  settled  in  New  Gloucester,  Me.  All  those  who  hear  the  name 
Eveleth  in  surrounding  towns  are  no  doubt  the  descendants  of  this  early 
settler. 

HENRY  FELCH,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers,  was  here  in  1642  and  owned 
six  acres  of  land  ground.  He  may  have  removed  to  Reading  and  after- 
wards to  Boston. 

JOHN  FITCH  bought  a  house  and  land  of  George  Blake  in  1667. 

JAMES  FOGG  was  probably  here  in  1649.  He  was  tne  owner  of  land  in 
1651  and  this  is  the  last  of  his  appearance  on  the  records. 

BARTHOLOMEW  FOSTER  bought  real  estate  on  the  westerly  side  of  Main 
street  in  1669.  He  was  engaged  in  marine  pursuits,  one  of  the  first 
persons  recorded  as  owning  vessel  property.  None  of  his  descendants 
perpetuates  the  name  here. 

MR.  FRYER,  probably  Thomas  Fryer,  who  resided  in  Salem  in  1639,  was 
here  for  a  short  time  only  in  1642. 

JOHN  GALLOPE  is  mentioned  as  a  seller  of  woodland  before  1650. 
An  early  inhabitant  of  Boston  by  the  same  name  was  a  fisherman  and  a 
pilot,  and  his  craft  was  wind  bound  in  Cape  Ann  harbor  in  1632. 

JAMES  GARDNER  came  to  Gloucester  in  1631,  married  the  daughter  of 
William  Vinson,  who  gave  him  some  land,  and  lived  in  the  most  easterly 
section  of  the  town.  He  had  three  sons. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  45 

GEORGE  GIDDINGS  is  said  to  have  come  from  Ipswich  about  1690,  and 
married  Mary  Skamp  in  the  same  year.  He  also  had  a  second  wife.  He 
had  five  sons  and  five  daughters. 

CHARLES  GLOVER,  a  ship  carpenter,  was  at  Salem  in  1641,  and  was  made 
a  freeman.  HeTWas  selectman  therein  1644.  He  was  married  twice,  and 
left  one  son,  Samuel. 


STEPHEN  GLOVER  was  here  in  1649,  an^  nad  a  small  grant  of  land  in 
the  harbor,  where  he  probably  lived  until  his  decease.  He  was  selectman 
in  1659  and  1667,  and  from  1669  until  his  death.  He  married  the  daugh- 
ter of  William  Stevens,  who  died  shortly  after  in  childbirth. 

RICHARD  GOODING,  or  Goodwin,  is  called  the  son  of  Richard  Window. 
He  had  a  grant  of  land  here,  married,  and  had  children,  but  his  name 
was  not  perpetuated  here  beyond  the  second  generation. 

JOHN  HADLEY  had  a  half  acre  of  upland  near  Little  Good  harbor.  He 
married  Hannah  Lowe  in  1707,  by  whom  he  had  children,  sons  and 
daughters. 

NATHANIEL  HADLOCK  had  land  near  Ipswich.  He  married  and  had 
children,  seven  sons  and  two  daughters. 

SAMUEL  HAIEWARD  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  man  whose 
marriage  is  on  the  records  in  town.  He  married  the  daughter  of  Henry 
Felch,  March  2,  1641.  Two  children,  Samuel  and  John,  were  born  to 
them. 

JOHN  HAMMONS,  in  June,  1663,  had  land  near  Goose  cove.  In  1660  he 
married  Mary  Somes.  He  left  five  children,  but  the  name  seems  to  have 
died  out  here  very  early., 

JOHN  HARDIN,  said  to  be  from  Weymouth,  bought  land  here  in  1652, 
and  married  the  widow  Tybbot  in  the  same  year.  He  was  selectman  in 
1665.  After  that  date  his  name  does  not  appear  in  town. 

EDWARD  HARADEN  came  from  Ipswich,  and  in  1657  bought  all  the  real 
estate  owned  by  Robert  Dutch  on  Planter's  neck,  and  was  the  first  perma- 
nent settler  in  that  part  of  the  town.  He  undoubtedly  resided  and  did 
business  at  Squam  point.  He  had  several  sons  and  daughters,  and  his 
descendants  were  quite  numerous.  Jonathan  removed  in  early  life  to 
Salem,  and  in  the  Revolutionary  War  was  lieutenant  of  the  "Tyrannicide," 
and  afterward  commanded  a  privateer. 

WILLIAM  HASKELL,  connected  with  the  family  of  Roger  Haskell,  of 
Salem,  appears  in  Gloucester  in  1643  and  in  1645.  Mention  is  made  of 
land  owned  by  him  at  Planter's  neck.  He  left  town,  returning  once  more 
in  1659,  settling  at  West  Gloucester,  on  the  Annisquam,  where  his  de- 
scendants still  reside.  Descendants  removed  to  Stratham,  Attleboro, 
Hampton,  Newburyport,  and  New  Gloucester,  Me.  The  posterity  of 
William  Haskell  is  believed  to  have  been  more  numerous  than  any 
other  settler  of  the  town. 

ZEBULON  HILL  came  from  Bristol,  England,  and  land  in  various  places 
is  recorded  to  him  previous  to  1650.  He  removed  to  Salem  where  he 


46  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

died  about  1699.     He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Agnes  Clark,  Nov. 
1651.     He  had  several  children.     His  brother  John  located  in  Beverly. 

SAMUEL  HODGKINS  and  wife  Hannah  appear  in  town  in  1684.  Previous 
to  this  there  were  Hodgkins  in  Ipswich.  Samuel  was  appointed  ferry 
keeper  at  Trynall  cove  in  1694  where  he  had  erected  a  dwelling.  His 
first  wife  having  died  he  married  Mary  Stockbridge,  May  3,  1725.  Fifteen 
children,  seven  sons  and  eight  daughters  were  born  to  him.  Some  of  the 
family  removed  to  Falmouth,  now  Portland,  Me.  A  large  number  of  his 
descendants  perpetuate  the  name,  and  reside  near  the  original  location  of 
their  ancestors. 

JOHN  HOLGROVE  of  Salem  had  land  here  in  1647,  and  in  1649  a  house 
in  the  harbor.  He  departed  with  his  wife  in  a  short  time  afterward,  and 
their  conduct  was  such  that  the  community  had  reason  to  rejoice  in  their 
going. 

WILLIAM  -HouGH,  house  carpenter,  lived  at  Trynall  cove,  opposite 
Biskie  now  Rust's  island.  He  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Hugh  Calkm 
in  1645,  by  whom  he  had  three  children  born  here.  He  was  selectman  in 
1649  and  1650.  In  1651  he  removed  to  New  London. 

JAMES  HUGHES  had  a  wife  Elizabeth,  and  a  daughter  is  recorded,  born 
to  them  in  1670  besides  other  children  later. 

GEORGE  INGERSOLL,  son  of  Richard  Ingersoll  of  Bedfordshire,  England, 
was  an  early  immigrant  to  Massachusetts.  He  first  appears  in  Gloucester 
in  1646  when  a  son  Joseph  was  born  to  his  wife.  He  owned  a  house  in  the 
harbor  which  he  sold  and  removed  to  Falmouth,  Me.  He  removed  from 
the  latter  place  to  Salem  in  1694.  He  was  a  selectman  here  in  1652, 
being  licensed  to  keep  an  ordinary.  His  son  Samuel  came  to  Gloucester 
about  1700  and  was  a  shipbuilder  at  Eastern  point.  Descendants  of 
these  settlers  are  in  town  to-day. 

JOHN  JACKSON,  a  fisherman,  bought  a  house  and  land  of  William  Ash  in 
the  harbor  in  1651.  He  had  a  wife  Eleanor  by  whom  he  had  a  son  John. 
He  left  town  about  1658. 

CHARLES  JAMES  married  Ann  Collins  in  1653.  In  1699  he  had  six 
acres  of  land  at  Kettle  cove.  He  had  two  sons,  Charles  and  Francis. 

Cy 

^    THOMAS  JONES  was  in  Gloucester  as  early  as  1642,  and  was  admitted  a 
freeman  in    1653.     He  was  quite  thrifty  and  his  estate  when  he  died  in 
pjtf  /       1671,  was  valued  at  ^147, 155.    His  wife  was  Ursula,  daughter  of  Richard 
North,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 

HENRY  JOSLYN  appears  here,  on  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  to  Bridget 
Day,  June  4,  1678.  He  had  a  grant  of  land  which  he  afterwards  sold. 
His  first  wife  having  died  he  married  Mary  Lambert  in  1685.  He  had 
several  children. 

.THOMAS  JUDKIN  owned  several  sections  of  land  before  1650.  He  was 
married  in  1665  to  Anna  Howard  of  Salem.  He  was  probably  a  tavern 
keeper,  his  wife  carrying  on  the  business  at  his  death. 

WILLIAM  KENIE  sold  his  house  and  land  to  Thomas  Prince  in  1652, 
shortly  after  having  removed  to  New  London. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  47 

THOMAS  KENT,  ancestor  of  the  famous  jurist,  Chancelor  Kent  of  New 
York,  had  a  house  and  land  before  1649.  His  sons,  Thomas  and  Samuel, 
bought  land  at  West  Gloucester,  and  the  name  is  perpetuated  in  the 
locality  by  Kent's  cove  landing. 

JOHN  KETTLE  had  a  house  in  the  harbor  before  1650.  He  had  several 
children. 

JOHN  LANE,  wife  and  children  came  from  Falmouth  between  1690  and 
1700.  He  was  the  son  of  James  Lane,  of  Maiden,  both  going  to  Falmouth 
in  1658,  where  they  resided  until  driven  away  by  the  Indians.  John  mar- 
ried Dorcas  Wallis,  of  Falmouth,  whom  he  brought  to  Gloucester.  They 
had  quite  a  family  of  sons  and  daughters,  and  the  name  is  perpetuated  by 
numerous  descendants  in  town  to-day.  He  received  a  grant  of  a  common 
right  in  1702,  and  in  1704  a  grant  of  10  acres  at  Flatstone  cove.  Lanes- 
ville,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Cape,  keeps  the  name  alive  in  local  nomen- 
clature. 

ANDREW  LISTON  was  here  before  1642,  and  had  erected  a  house  on 
Planter's  neck.  He  was  licensed  to  sell  strong  drink  in  1648.  He  sold 
his  possessions,  and  removed  to  New  London  in  1651. 

NICHOLAS  LISTON,  a  transient  settler,  is  mentioned  in  1645. 

THOMAS  LOVEKIN,  or  Lufkin,  its  latter  day  form,  was  here  about  1674. 
He  had  lots  of  land  in  various  places.  He  left  numerous  descendants, 
who  keep  the  name  alive  in  town  at  the  present  time. 

THOMAS  Low,  probably  a  descendant  of  an  early  settler  of  Ipswich, 
came  here  about  1692.  He  married  Sarah  Symonds,  of  this  town.  Their 
descendants  are  numerous  in  town  and  the  neighboring  village  of  Essex. 

JOHN  LUTHER  is  mentioned  once  as  disposing  of  land  in  the  harbor  to 
John  Collins  in  1649.  SOLOMON  MARTIN,  ship  carpenter,  sold  a  house 
and  section  of  land  to  Richard  Beeford  in  1652.  He  married  twice  while 
here,  Mary  Pindar  in  1643,  and  widow  Alice  Varnum,  of  Ipswich  in  1648. 
He  had  a  son  Samuel  and  daughter  Mary. 

EDMUND  MARSHALL  bought  land  near  the  poles  of  John  Browne  which 
he  sold  to  Anthony  Day  in  1657. 

PHILLIP  MERRITT  appears  on  the  records  only  on  the  occasion  of  the 
birth  of  a  son  Jacob,  to  his  wife,  Mary,  in  1700. 

WILLIAM  MEADES  had  land  in  various  places  and  sold  three  parcels  to 
Thomas  Kent  in  1647.  I"  ^48  he  took  the  freeman's  oath  and  was  a 
selectman  and  constable.  In  1651  he  had  removed  to  New  London. 

THOMAS  MILLETT  came  to  New  England  in  1635  with  his  wife  Mary 
and  son.  He  resided  in  Dorchester  a  number  of  years,  removing  here  in 
1655,  having  previously  purchased  property  in  town.  He  probably  was  a 
preacher  or  elder.  A  few  descendants  perpetuate  the  name. 

THOMAS  MILLWARD,  a  fisherman,  was  one  of  the  first  selectmen  in  1642. 
He  died  in  Boston  in  1653. 

GEORGE  NORTON,  of  Salem,  came  here  before  1642,  and  had  land  at 
Little  Good  Harbor.  He  was  prominent  in  the  official  affairs  of  the  town, 


48  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

and  was  its  first  representative  in  1642,  and  for  the  two  succeeding  years. 
He  had  a  daughter  Mary  born  in  1643. 

FRANCIS  NORWOOD  fled  from  England,  according  to  tradition,  at  the 
restoration  of  Charles  II.  He  settled  at  Goose  cove  in  1663,  acquiring 
land  by  grant  and  purchase,  and  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Clement 
Coldom.  Descendants  reside  in  town. 

RALPH  PARKER  had  land  near  Governor's,  now  Beacon  Hill,  in  1647, 
which  he  sold,  together  with  a  house  thereon,  to  Phineas  Rider  in  1651, 
afterwards  removing  to  New  London. 

ELIAS  PARKMAN  of  Boston  in  1651  purchased  a  house  and  land  of 
Christopher  Avery,  and  in  1655  had  a  grant  of  land.  He  was  a  salt  maker 
but  his  stay  here  was  of  short  duration. 

JOSEPH  PAGE  had  a  grant  of  land  at  Clay  cove  in  1699.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Row  in  1705. 

JEFFREY  PARSONS  left  England  in  1631  and  bought  land  in  Fisherman's 
field  in  1655,  also  a  house  and  land  at  the  same  place.  Here,  until 
very  recently  his  descendants  have  continued  to  live  when  the  estate 
was  purchased  and  a  new  edifice  erected  on  the  spot  by  C.  J.  Peters, 
Esq.  Jeffrey,  according  to  tradition,  gained  his  wife  in  a  romantic  man- 
ner. While  journeying  to  town  on  a  sultry  summer  day,  weary  and  foot- 
sore, he  sat  down  at  Vinson's  spring  to  rest  and  refresh  himself.  The 
house  of  William  Vinson  was  hard  by,  and  his  beautiful  daughter  Sarah, 
observing  the  traveler,  approached  him  with  a  drinking  cup,  the  better  to 
slake  his  thirst.  Jeffrey  was  susceptible,  and  nothing  unwilling,  Sarah 
won  a  husband  at  the  fountain,  and  they  were  married  happily,  Nov.  n, 
1657.  They  had  a  numerous  progeny,  and  many  of  their  descendants 
are  engaged  in  the  various  vocations  of  life  in  town  to-day.  Among  their 
descendants  was  Theophilus,  the  Chief  Justice  of  Massachusetts,  and 
men  prominent  in  mercantile  life. 

THOMAS  PENNY  bought  houses  and  lands  in  1652.  He  was  married 
three  times,  leaving  a  daughter  who  married  Thomas  Kent. 

JOHN  POOL  was  born  according  to  tradition  in  Taunton,  England.  He 
was  a  carpenter,  and  removed  here  from  Beverly  in  1700.  He  married 
Sarah  Haskell,  who  had  been  previously  wedded  to  Richard  Woodbury  of 
Beverly.  He  was  the  second  settler  in  the  vicinity  of  Sandy  bay,  Richard 
Tarr  having  preceded  him.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  business  ability, 
leaving  at  his  death  in  1727  an  estate  valued  at  ,£2,832.  Descendants 
reside  in  Rockport. 

ROWLAND  POWELL  resided  here  at  a  short  interval  about  1659. 

HUGH  PRITCHARD  was  a  member  of  Rev.  Mr.  Blynman's  Plymouth 
company.  He  came  here  about  1642.  He  was  a  selectman  in  1645, 
shortly  after  removing  from  town. 

THOMAS  PRINCE,  one  of  the  first  settlers  on  what  is  now  Main  street, 
came  here  before  1650.  He  had  several  children,  but  no  descendants  of 
this  name  have  been  in  town  or  over  two  centuries. 

JOHN  PULCIFER  (or  PULSEVER),  according  to  tradition,  settled  in  1680  on 
the  road  leading  to  Coffin's  beach.  He  married  Joanna  Kent  by  whom 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  49 

he  had  seven  children,  four  being  males.     The  name  is  still  perpetuated 
here. 

PHINEAS  RIDER  settled  near  Beacon  hill  as  early  as  1649.  He  left 
Gloucester  for  Falmouth,  Me.,  in  1658. 

THOMAS  RIGGS  had  a  grant  of  land  at  Goose  Cove  in  1658,  where  he 
erected  a  house.  He  came  from  England  where  he  had  been  educated 
as  a  scrivener,  and  consequently  held  various  clerical  positions.  He  was 
town  clerk  from  1665  to  1716,  51  years,  and  selectman  for  20  years,  besides 
acting  temporarily  as  schoolmaster.  He  married  Mary  Millett,  and  at  her 
death,  Elizabeth  Frese.  He  left  a  numerous  progeny,  and  descendants 
perpetuate  the  name  in  town. 

JOHN  RING  first  appears  in  1697.  He  established  tide  mills  on  Sawmill 
river,  where  he  had  his  residence.  Served  as  selectman  several  years,  and 
was  schoolmaster  in  1705.  He  left  sons,  and  the  name  is  perpetuated  in 
town  to-day. 

JOHN  ROBERTS  appears  in  town  in  1677,  on  the  occasion  of  his  mar- 
riage to  Hannah  Bray,  a  bride  of  fifteen.  Descendants  perpetuated  the 
name  in  town  until  about  1840. 

ABRAHAM  ROBINSON.  Tradition  states  that  he  was  a  son  of  Rev.  John 
Robinson,  the  pastor  of  the  Pilgrims.  It  is  affirmed  that  he  settled  at 
Cape  Ann  about  163.1.  Several  children  were  born  to  him,  one  of  whom, 
Abraham,  was  the  first  child  born  of  English  parents  on  this  side  the  bay. 
His  grandson,  Abraham,  received  grants  of  land  at  Eastern  Point,  where 
he  settled.  Andrew,  second  son  of  Abraham  Robinson,  senior,  was  a 
ship-builder  at  Eastern  Point,  and  seems  to  have  been  an  original  designer 
of  marine  craft.  In  1613  he  departed  from  the  then  accepted  forms  of 
rigging,  and  produced  the  "  schooner  "  craft  as  it  is  known  to-day.  Ac- 
cording to  tradition,  he  was  a  man  of  mighty  exploits.  He  engaged  in  the 
Bank  codfishery,  and  often  came  in  conflict  with  the  Cape  Sable  Indians, 
who  harassed  the  fishermen  at  every  opportunity.  In  1708  he  ransomed 
the  sloop  "  Peacock "  which  had  been  captured  by  the  Indians.  The 
next  year  he  determined  to  "get  even"  with  the  enemy.  Armed  with  a 
commission  from  the  governor,  he  set  sail,  touched  into  St.  Margaret's  bay, 
flying  the  French  flag,  decoyed  two  Indians  in  a  canoe  within  gun  shot, 
killed  and  scalped  them,  etc.  In  1722,  he  fitted  out  a  vessel  to  proceed 
against  the  Indians  of  Canso,  who  had  taken  several  fishermen.  He  did 
effective  service,  for  which  he  was  rewarded  by  the  General  Court.  On 
one  occasion,  his  sloop  and  two  men  were  taken  by  the  Indians,  who 
quickly  killed  the  crew,  reserving  the  captain,  who  was  taken  ashore,  for 
their  last  victim.  Discovering  a  good  supply  of  rum,  the  savages  soon 
became  helplessly  intoxicated  except  one  who  was  on  guard.  Robinson 
pretended  to  be  asleep,  and  when  the  Indians  were  lying  in  a  drunken 
stupor,  he  attacked  the  guard  and  dispatched  him.  His  vessel  was  some 
miles  away,  but  he  managed  to  get  aboard.  He  got  the  craft  underway, 
and  was  proceeding  out  to  sea  at  daybreak,  when  he  was  discovered  by  the 
savages  on  shore,  who,  in  the  meanwhile,  had  recovered  from  their 
debauch.  They  immediately  put  off  for  the-T  craft  in  canoes,  and,  as  the 
wind  was  light,  gained  on  the  vessel  rapidly.  They  approached  in  savage 


50  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

glee,  in  anticipation  of  the  recapture,  but  Robinson  had  prepared  for 
their  coming.  Among  the  stores  of  the  vessel  was  a  quantity  of  scupper 
nails  having  a  large  flat  head  and  a  sharp  point.  These  were  placed  point 
up  on  deck  in  profusion,  and  as  the  Indians  sprang  over  the  rail,  despite 
the  deadly  rifle  of  the  captain  who  brought  down  an  Indian  at  every  shot, 
the  sharp  nails  pierced  their  feet,  rendering  them  helpless  and  an  easy 
prey  to  the  intrepid  mariner,  who  threw  them  overboard  in  short  order. 
The  Indians  who  had  not  boarded  the  craft  paddled  quickly  for  the  shore, 
and  the  valiant  captain  reached  home  to  astonish  the  townfolk  with  an 
account  of  his  adventure. 

JOHN  ROWE  bought  land  at  the  "Farms"  in  1651,  being  the  first  settler 
in  that  vicinity.  He  left  two  sons,  who  have  transmitted  the  name  to  a 
numerous  posterity. 

EDWARD  ROWSE  sold  a  house  and  land  to  Robert  Tucker  in  1651. 

JOHN  SADLER  was  one  of  Mr.  Blynman's  company.  He  was  made  a 
freeman  in  1642  and  was  one  of  the  first  selectmen.  The  name  disap- 
pears quite  early  from  local  history.  Abial  Sadler  had  land  here  in  1689. 

JAMES  SAWYER,  a  weaver,  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Thomas  Bray.  He 
may  have  been  a  son  of  William  Sawyer,  who  came  to  New  England  in 
1640.  He  had  a  numerous  family  of  sons  and  daughters  who  have  per- 
petuated the  name.  James,  a  son,  settled  at  Freshwater  Cove,  and  the 
place  greatly  beautified  was  the  country  seat  of  the  late  Samuel  E.  Sawyer, 
a  direct  descendant  and  a  prominent  Boston  merchant.  Many  descendants 
of  this  settler  are  to  be  found  in  Portland,  and  a  number  of  the  Gloucester 
Sawyers  are  scattered  over  various  sections  of  the  United  States. 

^WILLIAM  SARGENT  had  grants  of  land  in  1649.  He  was  a  selectman 
several  years  and  a  representative  in  1671  and  1691.  He  married  Abagail 
Clarke,  by  whom  he  had  a  large  number  of  children. 

x  WILLIAM  SARGENT,  2d  was  a  native  of  Bristol,  England,  and  first  appears 
here  in  1678,  and  had  grants  of  land  at  Eastern  Point.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Peter  Duncan.  He  had  fourteen  children,  one  of  whom,  Epes, 
has  perpetuated  the  name.  The  family  took  high  rank  in  mercantile  and 
literary  life  from  the  first.  None  of  the  descendants  of  William  Sargent, 
2d,  bearing  the  name,  are  in  town. 

JAMES  SAYWARD  was  here  in  1696,  and  built  a  house  on  a  piece  of  land 
granted  him  at  Cripple  Cove.  He  occupied  prominent  positions  as  select- 
man and  representative.  He  was  married  twice  and  left  descendants  who 
perpetuate  the  name  in  town. 

ROBERT  SKAMP  was  granted  land  in  1674.  The  name  disappears  before 
1700. 

THOMAS  SKELLIN  was  one  of  the  first  settlers.  He  removed  to  Fal- 
mouth,  where  he  died  in  1667. 

THOMAS  SMITH  was  an  early  settler  and  a  commissioner  for  ending  small 
causes  in  1645.  He  remained  in  town  but  a  short  time.  Richard  Smith 
appears  on  the  early  records.  James  Smith  was  given  land  in  1642,  but 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  51 

soon  disappears  from  local  history.  Between  1692  and  1702,  three  persons 
of  the  name  were  in  town.  One  settled  at  Eastern  Point  about  1700.  All 
married  here  and  had  numerous  children. 

MORRIS  SOMES,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers,  was  proprietor  of  land  on  the 
easterly  side  of  Mill  river.  He  was  married  twice,  his  second  wife  being 
Elizabeth  Kendall,  of  Cambridge.  He  had  numerous  children,  his  first 
child,  Mary,  being  born  in  1642.  Descendants  still  perpetuate  the  name, 
the  present  efficient  city  clerk,  John  J.  Somes,  Esq.,  whose  services  in  pre- 
serving and  recopying  the  old  town  records,  have  been  invaluable  to  the 
city,  he  being  a  direct  descendant. 

WILLIAM  SOUTHMEADE,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers,  had  a  grant  on  the 
lot  on  \vhich  Mr.  Thompson's  fishing  stage  had  been  erected.  He  married 
Millicent,  daughter  of  William  Addes,  leaving  three  sons,  one  of  which  set- 
tled in  Middletown,  Conn. 

PHILLIP  STAINWOOD  (or  STANWOOD,)  as  the  name  has  been  written  since 
the  third  generation  on  Cape  Ann,  was  here  in  1653  and  next  year  pur- 
chased a  house  and  land  of  Robert  Tucker ;  also  had  a  grant  at  Lobster 
Cove.  He  was  a  selectman  in  1667.  He  died  in  1672,  leaving  four  sons 
and  four  daughters.  Many  of  the  descendants  emigrated  early  to  different 
sections  of  the  country,  and  all  of  the  name  throughout  the  United  States, 
are  probably  descended  from  this  settler.  Decendants  are  among  the 
business  men  of  the  town  to-day. 

WILLIAM  STEVENS,  was  in  New  England  before  1632,  and  a  very  promi- 
nent shipbuilder.  He  came  to  Gloucester  about  1642,  when  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  for  ordering  town  affairs.  He  occu- 
pied the  office  of  selectman,  commissioner  for  ending  small  causes,  town 
clerk  and  representative.  His  progeny  occupied  high  rank  in  the  com- 
mercial and  social  life  of  the  state. 

STEPHEN  STREETER,  whose  stay  was  short,  may  have  resided  here  before 
1642.  He  removed  to  Charlestown  in  1644. 

JOHN  STUDLEY,  another  transitory  settler,  owned  land  here  in  1649. 

HARLAKENDEN  SYMONDS,  son  of  the  deputy  governor,  bought  land  near 
the  "green."  He  removed  from  here  after  a  few  years'  residence. 

GEORGE  STOVER  had  a  grant  of  land  at  Cripple  Cove  in  1698.  He  mar- 
ried Abagail  Elwell,  but  removed  from  town  some  years  afterwards. 

RICHARD  TARR,  the  first  settler  of  Sandy  Bay,  now  Rockport,  and  the 
founder  of  one  of  the  most  prominent  families  in  the  social  and  commer- 
cial life  of  the  cape,  came  from  the  west  of  England  to  America  about 
1660  and  settled  in  Marblehead,  at  which  place  he  married  his  wife  Eliza- 
beth. The  precise  date  of  his  coming  to  Cape  Ann  is  not  known,  but  he 
was  here  in  1690.  He  had  a  grant  of  land  near  "  Davidson's  Run,"  Sandy 
Bay,  1697.  He  died  in  1732,  leaving  an  estate  of  ,£399-  His  children 
comprised  seven  boys  and  three  girls,  from  whom  a  numerous  progeny  have 
sprung.  , 

JAMES  TRAVIS  (or  TRAVERS)  had  land  near  the  Poles  in  1667,  but  removed 
from  town  shortly  afterwards. 

SOLOMON  MARTIN,  a  ship  carpenter,  owned  a.  house  and  several  house 
lots,  which  he  sold  to  Richard  Beeford  in  1652. 


52  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

ROBERT  TUCKER  probably  came  here  from  Weymouth,  where  a  party  of 
the  same  name  lived  in  1639.  His  first  appearance  here  was  in  1651.  He 
was  selectman  in  1652  and  town  clerk  until  1656,  after  which  he  returned 
to  Weymouth. 

JOHN  TUCKER  is  mentioned  on  the  records.  He  married  Sarah  Riggs 
in  1681  and  had  several  children,  who  have  perpetuated  the  name. 

WALTER  TYBBOT  was  another  of  Mr.  Blynman's  band.  He  was  made  a 
freeman  in  1642  and  was  a  selectman  the  same  year.  No  male  issue,  if 
any  were  in  existence,  remained  in  Gloucester. 

BRIDGET  VARNEY  owned  house  and  land  here  in  1699.  She  had  several 
sons  and  daughters. 

THOMAS  VERY  (or  VERREY),  a  fisherman,  was  in  town  before  1650.  He 
had  land  near  the  harbor.  He  married  Hannah,  daughter  of  Thomas  Giles, 
by  whom  he  had  five  sons  and  four  daughters  The  name  died  out  in 
town  early,  but  is  found  in  other  sections  of  the  county. 

WILLIAM  VINCENT  (orViNSON),  as  the  name  was  commonly  spelled, 
resided  in  Salem  in  1635  and  came  to  Gloucester  shortly  after.  Francis 
Vincent  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Sir  Francis  Paulet,  maid  of  honor 
to  Queen  Anne,  wife  of  James  I.  William,  who  first  came  to  Salem,  then 
to  Gloucester,  was  the  son  of  this  couple.  He  married  Rachel  Varney  in 
1661.  He  built  three  houses  near  Vincent  Spring.  He  was  admitted  a 
freeman  in  1643,  and  was  elected  selectman  in  1646  and  for  several  years 
afterwards.  He  was  the  first  person  who  received  a  grant  of  Five  Pound 
island.  He  was  married  twice  but  the  name  became  extinct  here  after 
the  second  generation.  Sarah  married  a  Parsons  as  before  related.  Abagail 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Jacob  Elwell,  July  5,  1666. 

THOMAS  WAKLEY  was  in  Hingham  in  1635.  He  was  a  selectman  in 
1646.  The  name  early  disappears  from  local  records. 

HENRY  WALKER  had  land  here  in  1650.  Walker's  creek  at  West  Glou- 
cester, where  he  had  his  residence,  was  named  for  this  settler.  He  had 
no  children.  » 

JOHN  WALLIS  appears  here  first  in  1678,  removing  to  Falmouth  and  then 
returning.  Descendants  still  perpetuate  the  name. 

SAMUEL  WEBBER,  an  inhabitant  of  Falmouth,  Me.,  in  1681,  appears  in 
town  in  1695.  He  probably  left  town  for  York  before  1700.  Michael 
Webber  was  a  householder  in  1704,  and  in  1725  received  a  grant  of  land 
at  Freshwater  Cove,  where  the  family  has  since  resided  and  the  name 
is  borne  by  descendants. 

WILLIAM   WELLMAN,    a  sojourner,  went  to  New  London    about    1651. 

NATHANIEL  WHARF  came  from  Falmouth,  Me.,  and  married  Ann,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Riggs  in  1684.  Descendants  perpetuate  the  name  in  town. 

WILLIAM  WHITTRIDGE  appears  here  in  1684,  where  he  married  Mary 
Roberts.  Name  disappears  here  early. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  53 

RICHARD  WINDOW,  carpenter,  had  a  house  and  land  in  1651  near 
Walker's  creek.  He  was  selectman  in  1654.  The  name  disappears  with 
the  first  generation  here. 

HENRY  WITHAM  probably  lived  near  Lobster  Cove.  He  married  Sarah 
Somes  in  1665,  and  at  her  decease  was  again  married  to  Lydia  Griffin  in 
1691.  He  left  several  sons  and  daughters  and  the  name  is  perpetuated  in 
town  by  descendants. 

HUMPHREY  WOODBURY,  grandson  of  John  the  early  settler  mentioned 
previously,  came  from  Beverly  to  Gloucester  about  1677,  and  resided  on 
Biskie,  now  Rust's  island.  He  left  a  number  of  sons  and  daughters  and 
the  name  survives  in  town  today. 

SAMUEL  YORK  appears  in  town  in  1695  and  he  became  a  land  owner  in 
1700. 

PHILIP  YOUDALL  is  mentioned  in  the  town  records  and  in  1648  in  court 
records. 

JOHN  PEARCE  had  land  on  Pearce's  Point,  opposite  Pearce  island. 
He  was  made  a  freeman  in  1651.  He  was  twice  married  and  disappears 
from  town  after  disposing  of  his  property  at  Goose  Cove  to  Francis  Nor- 
wood in  1682. 

THOMAS  HARVEY,  a  fisherman,  is  mentioned  in  1666,  as  part  owner  of  a 
sloop,  but  nothing  more  is  mentioned  concerning  him.  The  name  is  kept 
alive,  however. 

GEORGE  HARVEY  had  a  child  born  here  in  1678,  and  others  followed. 
The  name  is  perpetuated  in  town  today. 

HENRY  MUDDELL  was  here  early.  An  inventory  of  his  estate  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Probate  Court  in  July,  1663.  A  Philip  Muddel  is  mentioned 
in  1679,  once  for  not  living  with  his  wife. 

A  gentleman  in  Gloucester,  England,  who  has  examined  this  list  says 
that  the  names  of  nineteen  of  these  early  settlers  will  be  recognized  at 
once  a.s  appertaining  to  the  English  city  and  its  neighborhood.  "The 
place  of  settlement,"  he  continues,  "  appears  to  have  been  as  unlike  our 
own  as  possible.  It  was  no  beauteous  inland  vale,  watered  by  one  broad 
stream,  bounded  by  fair  hills,  carpeted  by  verdant  meadows  and  embroid- 
ered with  fruitful  orchards  and  cornfields  that  tempted  them." 


54  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Fron]  1700  to  1750. 

EXODUS  FROM  THE  OLD  VILLAGE.  SECOND  PARISH.  PHILLIPS'  PIRAT- 
ICAL GANG  CAPTURED.  DIVISION  OF  WOODLAND  IN  1723.  THIRD 
PARISH.  EMIGRATION  TO  FALMOUTH  AND  NEW  GLOUCESTER. 
KING  GEORGE'S  WAR  AND  GLOUCESTER  COMPANY  AT  LOUISBURG. 
PEG  WESSON.  OLD  DEFENCES  AT  FORT  SQUARE.  LIST  OF  SET- 
TLERS WHO  CAME  HERE  BETWEEN  1700  AND  1750.  FIFTY  YEARS 
OF  PROGRESS.  FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  COMMERCE. 

THE  year  1700  marks  the  commencement  of  a  period  of  thrift  and 
enterprise  in  local  history  which  has  continued  to  the  present 
time,  receiving  its  severest  interruption  during  the  dark  days  of 
the  Revolution  and  a  less  serious  but  depressing  set  back  in  the  war 
of  1812.  The  first  settlers  were  amply  occupied  in  establishing  the 
town  on  a  secure  and  firm  foundation,  and  had  but  little  time  or 
means  to  pursue  the  fisheries  or  foreign  commerce  to  any  marked 
extent.  The  new  generation  began  where  the  fathers  left  off,  in  the 
onward  march  of  endeavor  and  success.  They  branched  out,  find- 
ing the  evident  destiny  of  the  town  lay  in  a  marine  direction.  At 
the  very  first  a  lively  domestic  trade  was  plied  with  Boston  in  sup- 
plying wood  and  lumber,  and  it  is  estimated  that  some  50  craft  were 
engaged  in  this  business  as  frieghters.  The  extent  of  this  traffic 
soon  produced  a  scarcity  of  timber  and  the  fisheries  were  given 
almost  exclusive  attention.  We  know  that  as  early  as  1711  our  fish- 
ermen worked  on  grounds  as  far  distant  as  Cape  Sable.  The  num- 
ber of  vessels  steadily  increased  and  in  1716  we  note  the  first  of 
those  sad  occurrences  that  has  often  plunged  the  community  into 
mourning.  In  October  of  that  year  four  out  of  a  fleet  of  seven 
vessels  went  down  at  sea  while  on  the  passage  homeward  from  the 
Banks  and  20  men  perished.  Despite  occasional  mishaps  of  this 
nature  less  serious  in  results,  the  community  prospered  and 
grew  until  the  opening  of  hostilities  in  the  war  for  Independence, 
and  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  Masssachusetts 
colony  it  would  have  been  a  hard  task  to  select  a  more  prosperous 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  56 

and  thrifty  town.  Progress  and  success  were  steady.  Indeed  with 
the  exceptions  noted  the  statement  will  apply  to  the  town  during  its 
entire  history.  There  have  been  no  spasmodic  booms,  no  unhealthy 
mushroom  growth,  and  if  in  the  usual  course  of  business  a  halt  has 
been  called  temporarily  in  the  onward  march,  the  ground  won  has 
always  been  firmly  held  and  after  a  short  respite,  rank  and  file,  with 
renewed  vigor,  have  pressed  forward  toward  the  goal  of  success. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  town  commenced  the  year  1700  with  a  day 
of  fasting  and  prayer.  At  that  time  they  were  without  a  minister, 
and  after  several  attempts  to  fill  the  vacant  pulpit,  finally  chose  the 
Rev.  John  White,  of  Watertown.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1698, 'and  was  ordained  here  in  April,  1703,  his  salary  for  the  first 
year  being  £6$,  afterwards  increased  to  ^90  with  ^100  for  a  set- 
tlement. In  1750,  Rev.  Samuel  Chandler  was  appointed  as  colleague 
to  Mr.  White  who  was  then  in  failing  health.  The  latter  died  in 
1760,  aged  83,  leaving  a  reputation  which  still  survives  as  a  faithful 
and  energetic  divine.  Some  years  after  his  settlement  here  he  re- 
ceived a  grant  of  land  below  the  meeting  house  green  and  erected 
the  dwelling  still  standing  and  now  known  as  the  Ellery  house. 
EXODUS  TO  THE  HARBOR. 

As  has  been  previously  noted  the  greater  part  of  the  population 
at  first  were  clustered  in  the  territory  now  comprised  in  Ward  6,  "up 
in  town"  as  it  is  still  called.  Shortly  after  1700  the  great  increase 
of  the  fisheries  and  commercial  interest,  and  the  desire  of  the 
people  to  reside  near  the  harbor  led  to  a  general  abandonment  of 
this  part  of  the  town  and  a  removal  to  land  contiguous  to  the  water 
front.  In  1738  the  harbor  settlement  had  so  increased  in  numbers 
and  influence  that  it  erected  a  new  meeting  house  on  Cornhill,  now 
Middle  Street  and  installed  Mr.  White  as  pastor.  The  old  organiza- 
tion resisted  this  action,  but  matters  were  finally  compromised  by 
the  harbor  parish  being  set  off  as  a  distinct  organization  in  1742, 
taking  precedence  as  the  First  Parish,  while  the  parent  body  was  re- 
duced numerically  in  rank  to  the  Fourth  Parish.  A  church  was 
formed  by  the  latter  in  October,  1743,  and  Rev.  John  Rogers  of 
Kittery,  Maine  chosen  as  pastor.  He  was  a  Harvard  graduate, 
and  was  ordained  over  the  Fourth  Parish  February  i,  1744.  He 
continued  his  ministry  harmoniously  for  38  years,  passing  away 
October  4,  1782.  During  the  Revolutionary  period  the  number  of 
his  parishioners  became  depleted  to  a  great  extent,  perishing  at  sea 


56  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

or  in  captivity  during  the  struggle,  which  reduced  a  once  prosperous 
community  to  dire  poverty.  The  parish  worshipped  in  the  old 
meeting  house  on  the  green,  a  new  edifice  being  erected  in  1752. 
This  in  turn  was  demolished  in  1840. 

THE    SECOND  PARISH. 

In  1710  the  inhabitants  residing  at  the  west  parish  petitioned  the 
town  for  land  in  their  precinct  upon  which  to  erect  a  meeting  house. 
As  has  been  shown  they  were  obliged  to  travel  from  three  to  five 
miles  via  the  ferry  to  attend  religious  services.  In  March,  1716,  they 
petitioned  to  be  set  off  as  the  second  parish  and  in  June  of  the  same 
year  they  were  incorporated  as  such  by  the  General  Court.  They 
erected  a  meeting  house  in  a  commanding  spot  and  November  28, 
1716,  Rev.  Samuel  Tompson,  of  Newbury,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
1710,  was  settled  as  their  pastor.  He  married  Hannah  Norwood  by 
whom  he  had  several  children  and  died  December  8,  1724,  aged  83. 
He  was  laid  to  rest  in  the  old  burial  place  of  the  parish  and  his 
tomb,  stone  is  still  standing. 

CAPTURE  OF  PHILLIPS'  PIRATICAL  CREW. 

In  1723  and  1724  a  gang  of  pirates  and  freebooters  under  com- 
mand of  the  notorious  John  Phillips  infested  the  New  England 
waters.  During  their  first  season  of  marine  depredations  they  had 
taken  34  vessels,  which  they  looted,  killing  or  maltreating  crews.  In 
April,  1724,  the  sloop  Squirrel  of  Annisquam,  commanded  by 
Andrew  Haraden,  while  engaged  on  a  fishing  voyage  was  taken  by 
Phillips.  The  Squirrel  was  a  fine  new  craft,  therefore  Phillips  aban- 
doned his  own  vessel  and  appropriated  the  fisherman  for  his  piratical 
purposes.  The  vessel  had  been  sent  to  sea  so  hastily  that  the  craft 
had  not  been  finished  inside,  consequently  tools  were  left  aboard  to 
complete  the  work  when  the  conditions  were  unfavorable  for  fishing. 
Phillips  employed  Haraden  and  the  other  prisoners  in  the  finishing 
of  the  craft.  One  of  the  men,  Edward  Cheeseman  planned  a  re- 
capture. Midnight  of  the  i8th  was  the  time  appointed.  The  vessel 
was  ploughing  through  the  water  at  a  lively  rate  when  Cheeseman 
seized  John  Nott,  one  of  the  pirate  chiefs,  who  was  on  deck  and 
threw  him  overboard.  At  the  same  time  Haraden  despatched 
Phillips  with  a  blow  from  an  adze,  James  Sparks  the  pirates'  gunner 
suffered  the  same  fate  as  Nott,  while  a  man  named  Burrell,  the 
boatswain  was  killed  with  a  broad  axe.  Capt.  Haraden  sailed  home 
to  Squam  with  the  heads  of  Phillips  and  Burrell  fixed  at  the  mast 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  57 

head  of  the  recaptured  craft.  A  number  of  prisoners  were  brought 
in,  but  on  trial  at  Boston  all  but  two  were  acquitted  on  the  charge  of 
piracy,  it  being  held  that  they  were  forced  men.  Four,  John  Rose 
Archer,  William  White,  William  Phillips  and  William  Taylor  were 
found  guilty  of  piracy  and  were  sentenced  to  death.  The  first  two 
were  hung  at  Charlestown  Ferry  and  White's  body  was  suspended 
in  irons  on  Bird  Island.  The  last  two  were  reprieved  for  a  year  and 
a  day  to  be  recommended  to  the  King's  mercy.  It  is  said  that 
Hangman's  Island  in  Annisquam  river,  now  covered  by  the  rail- 
road bed  received  the  name  from  the  fact  that  two  of  the  bodies  of 
the  dead  pirates  were  suspended  from  gibbets  erected  in  its  center. 
The  General  Court  granted  Haraden,  Cheeseman  and  Philmore  £42 
each,  and  ^32  each  to  five  others  concerned  in  the  recapture  and 
breaking  up  of  this  dangerous  gang  of  buccaneers. 
DIVISION  OF  WOODLAND  IN  1723. 

Notwithstanding  the  parcelling  out  of  the  land  in  1688,  an  exten- 
sive area  remained  unassigned.  Before  1661,  the  proprietor  of  every 
dwelling-house  was  a  commoner,  or  entitled  to  a  right  in  the  common 
land.  In  1757  there  were  145  claims  to  these  privileges  acknowl- 
edged as  valid.  Shortly  after  1700,  numerous  grants  of  land  were 
voted  to  new  comers.  Several  sub-divisions  of  their  holdings  were 
made  by  these  commoners,  the  last  apportionment  of  woodland 
being  in  1723,  when  217  lots  within  the  bounds  of  the  town  were 
disposed  of,  the  terms  being  such  that  about  every  male  citizen  who 
had  attained  his  majority  received  a  certain  tract.  In  1725  the 
unoccupied  herbage  land,  amounting  to  1325  acres,  was  distributed 
among  the  commoners. 

The  names  of  those  receiving  woodland  in  1723  furnishes  a  good 
directory  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  the  town  in  1704,  all  who  were 
residents  at  that  period  being  included  in  the  list  of  grantees  as 
follows  :  Joseph  Allen,  Joseph  Allen,  jr.,  Ralph  Andrews,  Benjamin 
Averill,  John  Babson,  Richard  Babson,  Anthony  Bennett,  Richard 
Byles,  Thomas  Bray,  Nathaniel  Bray,  John  Bray,  John  Brown, 
John  Burrell,  John  Butman,  William  Card,  Ezekiel  Collins,  Nathan- 
iel Coit,  John  Curney,  Elisha  Curney,  James  Davis,  Lieut.  James 
Davis,  John  Davis,  Jacob  Davis,  Ebenezer  Davis,  Aaron  Davis,  Sam- 
uel Davis,  Anthony  Day,  Nathaniel  Day,  Ezekiel  Day,  Joseph  Day, 
Timothy  Day,  John  Day,  John  Day,  jr.,  Thomas  Day,  Joseph  Day,  jr., 
Nicholas  Denning,  Richard  Dolliver,  John  Dolliver,  Peter  Duncan, 


58^  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Moses  Durin,  Richard  Dike,  John  Burgee,  Robert  Elwell,  John 
Elwell,  John  Elwell,  jr.,  Isaac  Elwell,  Elias  Elwell,  Jacob  Elwell, 
Ebenezer  Elwell,  Eleazer  Elwell,  Nathaniel  Ellery,  Isaac  Eveleth, 
Job^Eveleth,  Peter  Emons,  John  Fitch,  Samuel  Foster,  James  Gard- 
ner, Joseph  Gardner,  John  Gardner,  George  Giddings,  John  Gilbert, 
James  Godfrey,  Richard  Goodwin,  Samuel  Gott,  Samuel  Griffin, 
Daniel  Guttridge,  John  Hadley,  Edward  Haraden,  Joseph  Haraden, 
John  Haraden,  Benjamin  Haraden,  John  Harris,  George  Harvey, 
William  Haskell,  William  Haskell,  jr.,  Henry  Haskell,  Joseph  Has- 
kell,  Joseph  Haskell,  jr.,  Joseph  Haskell,  3d,  John  Haskell,  Benjamin 
Haskell,  Benjamin  Haskell,  jr.,  Benjamin  Hoppin,  Nathaniel  Hadlock, 
John  Hammons,  Samuel  Hodgkins,  Joseph  Ingersoll,  Samuel  Inger- 
soll,  Charles  James,  Francis  James,  Henry  Joslyn,  Josiah  Kent,  John 
Kent,  Thomas  Lufkin,  Ebenezer  Lufkin,  John  Lane,  Thomas  Millett, 
Thomas  Millett,  2d,  Nathaniel  Millett,  William  Manning,  John  New- 
man, Francis  Norwood,  Francis  Norwood,  jr.,  Joshua  Norwood, 
Joseph  Page,  William  Pain,  Jeffrey  Parsons,  James  Parsons,  Nathan- 
iel Parsons,  John  Parsons,  Ebenezer  Parsons,  John  Pool,  Thomas 
Prince,  John  Prince,  John  Pulcifer,  Thomas  Riggs,  sr.,  Thomas  Riggs, 
jr.,  John  Riggs,  Andrew  Riggs,  William  Ring,  John  Ring,  David 
Ring,  John  Roberts,  John  Roberts,  jr.,  Abraham  Robinson,  Abra- 
ham Robinson,  jr.,  Stephen  Robinson,  Andrew  Robinson,  Stephen 
Row,  Abraham  Row,  Isaac  Row,  Samuel  Row,  Thomas  Sanders, 
Nathaniel  Sanders,  William  Sargent,  William  Sargent,  jr.,  William 
Sargent,  2d,  John  Sargent,  Nathaniel  Sargent,  Samuel  Sargent, 
Thomas  Sawyer,  John  Sawyer,  Nathaniel  Sawyer,  Abraham  Sawyer, 
James  Sayward,  Morris  Smith,  John  Smith,  John  Smith,  jr.,  Timothy 
Somes,  Timothy  Somes,  jr.,  Phillip  Stainwood,  John  Stainwood, 
Jonathan  Stainwood,  Samuel  Stevens,  David  Stevens,  Jonathan 
Stevens,  George  Stover,  Richard  Tarr,  John  Tucker,  James  Wallis, 
Michael  Webber,  Nathaniel  Wharf,  William  Whittredge,  Rev.  John 
White,  Thomas  Witham,  Humphrey  Woodbury,  Ezekiel  Woodward, 
Samuel  York,  Joseph  York,  Benjamin  York. 

THIRD  PARISH. 

At  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson's  death  the  second  church  chose  Rev. 
Richard  Jaques  of  Newbury  as  its  pastor.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1720  and  was  ordained  in  November,  1725,  receiving 
;£ioo  settlement  and  £\<x>  as  salary.  He  continued  in  this  relation 
until  his  death  in  1777,  not  without  differences  with  his  people  at 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  59 

the  latter  end  of  his  pastorate  when  he  suffered  an  attack  of  paralysis 
and  became  feeble  and  infirm.  He  then  accused  his  people  of  in- 
gratitude and  the  parishoners  relieved  his  mind  on  this  score  by 
voting  him  20  shillings  extra  each  month.  In  1769,  Rev.  Daniel 
Fuller  was  appointed  his  colleague.  Another  evidence  of  increase 
in  wealth  and  material  resources  is  presented  in  the  fact  that  a  new 
parochial  division  was  made  in  1728  when  the  third  parish  was  set 
off  as  a  separate  precinct  the  General  Court  incorporating  it  as  such 
in  June  of  the  same  year.  Rev.  Benjamin  Bradstreet  of  Newbury, 
the  latter  place  a  prolific  mine  for  ministers  for  the  town,  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1725,  was  chosen  as  minister,  beginning  his  duties  in 
1728,  continuing  until  his  death  in  May,  1762.  The  meeting  house 
of  this  parish  was  erected  at  Lobster  cove.  The  covenant  of  this 
church  was  signed  by  Benjamin  Bradstreet,  Edward  Haraden,  Sam- 
uel Lane,  Joseph  Thurston,  John  Lane,  Samuel  Gott,  James  Lane, 
Jethro  Wheeler,  Daniel  Collins,  Anthony  Bennett  and  Benjamin 
Davis.  The  bounds  of  this  parish  included  substantially  what  is  now 
known  as  Squam,  Lanesville  and  Bay  View.  Robert  Dutch  was  the 
first  to  settle  in  this  vicinity.  He  sold  his  holdings  to  Edward  Hara- 
den in  1656  and  the  latter  was  probably  the  first  permanent  settler  in 
that  locality.  Before  1700  the  Day,  Norwood,  Lane,  Davis,  York, 
Sargent  and  Butman  families  had  located  within  the  precinct  and 
the  names  survive  today.  Others  followed  soon  after  1700  and  the 
place  became  quite  a  thriving  little  settlement  from  which  fishing 
was  energetically  and  profitably  pursued. 

EMIGRATION  TO  FALMOUTH  AND  NEW  GLOUCESTER. 

The  natural  increase  in  population  together  with  the  constant 
stream  of  new  comers  produced  a  scarcity  of  farming  land.  Con- 
sequently in  1727  and  1728  a  tide  of  emigration  set  toward  what  is 
now  Maine,  then  a  part  of  Massachusetts.  The  motive  to  better 
material  conditions  prompted  their  ancestors  to  make  the  uncertain 
venture  in  America,  and  today,  the  ruling  passion,  strong,  impels 
their  descendants  to  seek  new  and  enlarged  fields  of  endeavor. 

Thus  in  the  year  mentioned  Richard  Babson,  John  Brown,  Anth- 
ony Coombs,  John  Coy,  Ephriam  Foster,  Thomas  Haskell,  Benjamin 
Ingersoll,  Thomas  Millett,  John  Millett,  Joseph  Pride,  Thomas  Red- 
ding, Jeremiah  Riggs,  Ebenezer  Roberts,  John  Sawyer,  Isaac  Saw- 
yer, Job  Sawyer,  Jacob  Sawyer,  Jonathan  Stanwood,  John  White, 
William  White,  Benjamin  York,  John  Curtis,  John  Dolliver,  William 


60  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Davis  and  William  Elwell,  emigrated  from  Gloucester  and  were  ad- 
mitted inhabitants  of  Falmouth,  now  Portland.  John  Haskell,  Phillip 
Hodgkins,  Jedidiah  Hodgkins,  Robert  Nason,  Thomas  Sargent,  Wil- 
liam Stevens  and  James  Stanwood  of  this  town  were  also  admitted  as 
inhabitants  of  Falmouth,  but  it  is  not  certain  whether  all  these  latter 
took  up  their  residence  in  that  town.  » 

Another  wave  followed  about  10  years  later  when  in  1736  a  grant 
of  3040  acres  of  land  lying  in  the  rear  of  North  Yarmouth  was  se- 
cured from  the  General  Court.  In  February,  1738,  this  tract  was 
divided  among  60  proprietors,  three  lots  being  reserved  for  public 
purposes.  Work  was  begun  a  year  after  the  apportionment  and  two 
years  later  some  ^500  had  been  expended  in  laying  out  a  well  con- 
structed road  of  12  miles,  and  in  building  houses,  a  sawmill,  bridges, 
etc.  The  promoters  freighted  settlers  by  water  as  far  as  North 
Yarmouth,  voted  to  build  a  meeting  house,  and  indeed  "boomed" 
their  new  town  with  much  of  the  same  energy  and  spirit  as  is  dis- 
played to-day  in  like  enterprises  in  the  west  and  south.  Indian  raids, 
however,  interfered  materially  with  operations  and  in  1744  the  settle- 
ment was  abandoned  from  this  cause.  The  work  of  re-settlement  was 
commenced  with  renewed  vigor  in  1754.  All  that  had  been  accom- 
plished during  the  first  years  had  been  destroyed  by  the  red  men.  In 
J753  a  blockhouse  was  built,  some  twenty  families  residing  in  its 
vicinity.  The  General  Court,  on  account  of  the  exposed  condition 
of  the  town  made  it  a  garrison.  The  fear  of  incursions  by 
savages  gave  the  place  a  precarious  existence  until  the  end  of  the 
French  and  Indian  war  in  1763  removed  this  dreaded  and  menacing 
obstacle  to  the  progress  of  the  new  town.  From  that  time  it  began 
to  increase  in  population  and  prosper  in  material  affairs.  Among 
those  who  went  from  here  to  New  Gloucester  were  :  Benjamin  Rob- 
erts, Nathaniel  Eveleth,  William  Goodrich,  Nathaniel  Bennett,  Eb- 
enezer  Collins,  Perkins  Eveleth,  Job,  Israel,  John,  Nathaniel,  Jacob 
Haskell  and  Jacob  Haskell,  jr.,  David  Millett,  Isaac,  Samuel,  David 
and  Edward  Parsons,  John  Prince,  Jonathan,  Zebulon  and  William 
Rowe,  James,  Roger,  John  and  John  Stenchfield,  jr.,  William  Warner 
and  Davis  Woodward. 

New  Gloucester  is  in  Cumberland  County,  Maine;  has  fine  farm- 
ing land,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  intervale.  The  Maine  Central 
railroad  connects  the  town  with  the  outside  world. 

The  writer  passed  through  the  place  during  the  two   preceding 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  61 

years  while  on  a  trip  in  this  section  of  Maine.  Everywhere  were 
evidences  of  thrift  and  prosperity.  Substantial  dwellings,  large  and 
commodious  barns,  well  kept  and  neatly  painted,  gave  evidence  that 
the  citizens  of  today  had  lost  none  of  the  thrift  and  energy  which 
characterized  the  parent  stock. 
KING  GEORGE'S  WAR  AND  GLOUCESTER  COMPANY  AT  LOUISBURG. 

In  1744,  what  is  known  as  King  George's  war,  between  France 
and  England  began  in  Europe  and  extended  to  the  New  World. 
The  objective  point  of  England  in  America  was  the  reduction  of 
Louisburg  in  Cape  Breton.  This  place,  "  the  Gibraltar  of  America," 
had  been  strongly  fortified,  the  best  engineering  talent  of  France 
being  employed  in  constructing  its  defences.  At  that  period  a  fleet 
of  French  vessels,  equal  in  tonnage  and  producing  about  the  same 
amount  of  fish  annually  as  Gloucester  at  the  present  time,  made  the 
place  its  headquarters.  The  presence  of  the  French  in  these  waters 
was  a  constant  menace  to  the  rapidly  growing  industry  of  Gloucester 
on  the  Grand  Banks,  and  perhaps  some  of  the  home  fishing  vessels 
had  already  been  captured  and  destroyed.  Although  Louisburg  was 
deemed  almost  impregnable,  yet  the  New  England  colonies  consid- 
ered its  destruction  of  vital  importance.  Accordingly,  4000  troops, 
mainly  from  Massachusetts,  under  Sir  William  Pepperell,  embarked 
'for  the  place  in  March,  1745.  At  Canso  they  were  joined  by  a 
British  naval  force,  and  such  was  the  vigor  and  bravery  displayed  in 
the  campaign  that  the  hitherto  invincible  fortress  was  captured  and 
the  French  flag  levelled.  The  fruits  of  this  victory  were  lost,  for  in 
1748,  by  the  terms  of  peace  drawn  up  at  Aix-La-Chappelle,  Louis- 
burg was  restored  to  the  French.  In  1750,  Generals  Amherst  and 
Wolfe  once  more  compelled  the  commander  of  the  place  to  capitu- 
late, and  reduced  the  whole  island.  Thus,  on  the  return  of  peace, 
this  danger  spot  to  the  American  fisheries,  then  the  basis  of  a  great 
French  marine  industry,  was  wiped  out.  To-day  the  graceful  Glouces- 
ter fishing  clippers  anchor  unharmed  hard  by  the  scene  of  these 
conflicts,  and  their  crews  roam  unmolested  over  the  deserted  ramparts 
of  this  once  grand  fortress,  speculating  perhaps  on  the  impotency  of 
even  powerful  kingdoms  to  change  the  manifest  destiny  of  a  future 
nation. 

Gloucester  was  well  represented  at  the  reduction  of  the  place  in 
1745,  furnishing  a  company  of  45  men  under  Capt.  Charles  Byles. 
Capt.  Thomas  Sanders,  of  this  port,  who  for  some  years  had  been  in 


62  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

command  of  a  provincial  government  cutter,  also  rendered  valuable 
services  during  the  expedition.  Among  those  of  Capt.  Byles'  com- 
pany wounded  during  the  progress  of  hostilities  was  Job  Stanwood, 
who  lost  his  left  arm.  The  Provincial  government  granted  him  an 
annual  pension  of  £,1$.  David  Stanwood  was  also  wounded,  for 
which  he  received  a  pension,  a  son  of  Thomas  Ayres  is  said  to  have 
been  lost  while  engaged  in  the  expedition,  and  James  Parsons  and 
Samuel  Goodwin  contracted  a  sickness  from  which  they  died  on  their 
return.  The  locally  famous  Peg  Wesson  story  comes  in  here.  Not- 
withstanding the  severe  lesson  of  the  witchcraft  delusion,  belief  in 
the  existence  of  witches  had  by  no  means  died  out.  The  woman 
Wesson  lived  in  what  was  then  called  the  Garrison  house,  stand- 
ing on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  Catholic  parochial  residence, 
removed  a  few  years  since  to  Maplewood  avenue,  where  it  serves 
as  a  tenement  house.  Wesson  was  accounted  a  witch.  Shortly 
before  departing,  several  of  Capt.  Byles'  company  visited  Peg  and 
so  exasperated  her  by  their  conduct  that  she  threatened  them  with  a 
visitation  of  her  wrath  at  Louisburg.  While  encamped  before  the 
latter  place,  the  attention  of  the  Gloucester  men  was  attracted  by 
the  peculiar  actions  of  a  crow  which  circled  just  above  them.  Fruit- 
less endeavors  were  made  to  shoot  the  bird  of  ill  omen.  Finally  a 
soldier  suggested  that  the  crow  must  be  Peg  Wesson  transformed, 
according  to  the  belief  concerning  the  supernatural  powers  of 
witches.  In  this  event,  no  bullet  except  one  cast  from  silver  or  gold 
would  possess  the  properties  sufficiently  potent  to  puncture  her  skin. 
A  silver  sleeve  button  was  hastily  rammed  into  a  gun,  and  discharg- 
ed at  the  bird,  which  fell  wounded  in  the  leg.  Upon  their  return  to 
Gloucester,  the  soldiers  learned  that  at  the  precise  time  when  the 
crow  was  wounded,  Peg  Wesson  fell  near  her  house  receiving  a  frac- 
ture of  the  leg,  and  furthermore,  that  the  doctor,  on  dressing  the 
limb  extracted  a  foreign  substance  from  the  bone  which  proved 
to  be  the  same  sleeve  button  fired  at  the  crow  before  Louisburg. 
The  truth  of  this  happening  as  recounted  was  generally  accepted  at 
the  time. 

OLD  DEFENCES  AT  FORT  SQUARE. 

In  1743,  what  is  known  as  the  old  fort  on  Commercial  Street, 
now  encroached  upon  and  surrounded  by  buildings,  was  completed. 
On  this  point,  well  selected  strategetically,  is  a  hill  which  effectually 
commands  the  inner  harbor.  In  1741  and  1742,  the  General  Court 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  63 

appropriated  ^527  to  defray  the  cost  of  fortification.  Breastworks 
were  thrown  up  and  eight  12-pounders  placed  in  position  in  the  fort. 
The  immediate  cause  of  its  erection  was  the  fear  of  French  incur- 
sions, but  these  fears  were  never  realized.  An  effort  had  been 
made  as  early  as  1 703  to  fortify  the  place,  but  the  petition  of  the 
selectmen  to  the  General  Court  for  an  appropriation  for  the  purpose 
was  refused.  The  petition  shows  that  the  harbor,  even  at  that  early 
date,  was  extensively  frequented  for  shelter,  and  was  "  very  seldom 
free  from  vessels." 

LIST  OF  SETTLERS  BETWEEN   1700   AND  1750. 

The  following  settlers,  as  far  as  known,  comprise  those  who  came 
here  before  1750.  The  persons  bearing  the  same  names  in  town 
to-day  trace  their  descent  in  a  direct  line  from  these  founders  of 
their  families  on  Cape  Ann.  Only  those  are  mentioned  whose 
descendants,  except  in  a  few  instances,  live  in  town  at  the  present 
time. 

SAMUEL  GRIFFIN  appears  in  town  on  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  to 
Elizabeth  York,  December  15,  1703.  He  probably  came  from  Ipswich, 
where  Humphrey  Griffin  settled  in  1641.  Samuel  had  a  grant  of  land  on 
the  road  leading  from  Lobster  Cove  to  Sandy  Bay.  His  numerous  de- 
scendants are  among  the  active  and  energetic  business  men  of  the  town. 

SAMUEL  GOTT  came  from  Wenham  in  1702,  finally  locating  near  Rock- 
port. 

JOHN  GILBERT  came  from  Wenham  in  1704.  He  was  the  ancestor  of 
Addison  Gilbert,  who  died  a  few  years  ago  leaving  a  fortune  of  some 
$250,000,  which  he  bequeathed  to  various  charitable  institutions  of  the 
town. 

THOMAS  AND  NATHANIEL  SANDERS  appear  in  town  in  1702. 

PETER  LURVEY  removed  here  from  Ipswich  in  1710. 

PAUL  AND  PETER  DOLLIVER  came  to  town  e'arly  in  1700.  Paul  settled 
at  Freshwater  Cove,  Peter  locating  on  what  is  now  Main  Street,  on  the 
lot  still  in  possession  of  a  descendant. 

PHILEMON  WARNER  came  from  Ipswich  in  1710.  His  son  Nathaniel 
commanded  a  company  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  was  afterwards  in  Washing- 
ton's army. 

SAMUEL  PEARCE  first  appears  here  in  1713.  His  immediate  descend- 
ants became  the  most  prominent  men  in  commercial  life  of  the  community, 
two,  David  and  William,  accumulating  large  fortunes  for  the  times, 
although  business  reverses  in  later  life  reduced  both  from  affluence  to 
poverty. 

ICHABOD  YOUNG  appears  here  in  1716. 

NATHANIEL  RUST  had  a  small  tract  of  land  near  Little  River,  West 
Gloucester,  in  1729,  and  his  marriage  is  recorded  in  1717. 


64  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

RICHARD  LANGSFORD  had  land  near  Pigeon  Hill.  He  married  Mary 
Row  in  1719. 

JOSIAH  GROVER  married  Hannah  Dolliver  in  1719.  About  the  same 
time  EDMUND  and  his  family  came  from  Ipswich  and  settled  at  Sandy  Bay. 
Their  ancestor  EDMUND  came  to  Salem  in  1637. 

EBENEZER  MARCHANT  came  from  Yarmouth  in  1719,  a  JABEZ  MAR- 
CHANT  soon  following.  The  latter  married  Abigail  Babson. 

JOHN  WILLIAMS  was  here  early  in  1700. 

JOHN  WONSON  located  in  Sandy  Bay,  married  Honor  Wise  in  1720,  and 
had  secured  a  house  by  1726.  Samuel,  one  of  his  sons  located  at  Eastern 
Point,  where  his  descendants  have  increased  and  multiplied,  and  stand 
to-day  prosperous  and  energetic  among  the  business  men,  respected  and 
honored  in  the  community. 

DR.  NICHOLAS  WEBSTER,  the  town's  first  regular  physician,  appears 
here  in  1712. 

DR.  EDWARD  TOMPSON  was  here  in  1717,  and  removed  from  town  in 
I725- 

DR.  DAVID  PLUMMER  settled  permanently  in  town,  marrying  Ann  New- 
man in  1723. 

WILLIAM  FEARS  is  first  mentioned  on  the  occasion  of  his  marriage  to 
Monie  Stanwood  in  1721. 

JONATHAN  TRASK  removed  here  from  Salem  in  1722. 

WILLIAM  TRASK  was  one  of  Conant's  settlers  at  Salem  in  1628,  and 
may  have  come  originally  to  Cape  Ann  under  the  auspices  of  the  Dor- 
chester company  in  1623. 

THOMAS  SAVILLE  came  from  Maiden,  and  married  Mary  Haraden 
in  1722. 

WILLIAM  COAS,  a  noted  privateering  captain  in  the  Revolution  war, 
came  from  England  to  Gloucester  in  1723,  and  settled  at  Eastern  Point. 

JOHN  STACY  first  introduces  the  name  to  Gloucester  in  1723.  He  was 
licensed  as  an  innholder.-  He  came  from  Salem,  and  was  the  son  of 
Thomas  Stacy  of  that  town. 

GEORGE  DENNISON  married  Abigail  Haraden  in  1725,  when  he  is 
first  mentioned. 

WILLIAM  STEELE  and  wife  are  first  mentioned  on  the  records  in  1732. 
Five  sons  were  born  to  them. 

JONATHAN  FELLOWS  came  from  Ipswich,  and  settled  at  Annisquam 
about  1740. 

EBENEZER  CLEAVES  appears  here  in  1774. 

JOHN    HALE  of   Newbury  came  here  in  1746. 

JOSEPH  CLOUGH  appears  in    1748   on   the   occasion   of  his  marriage. 

JOSEPH  EVERDEAN  also  appears  in  1748,  when  he  married  Anna  Broom, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  65 

one  of  six  daughters  of  JAMES   BROOM,  a  famous  tavern-keeper  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Middle  and  Pleasant  Streets.      Broom  left  no  male  issue. 

Others  who  settled  permanently  here  between  1700  and  1750,  the  greater 
part  of  whom  have  descendants  residing  in  town  are  as  follows : 

John  Andrews,  Phillip  Bayley,  Benjamin  and  Enoch  Boynton,  Stephen 
Butler,  William  Burns,  Jacob  and  Stephen  Burnham,  John  Choate,  Samuel 
Clark,  Thomas  Cotton,  John  and  Anthony  Coombs,  John  Curtiss,  Felix 
Doyl,  Thomas  Foster,  Edward  Fearing,  Charles  Glover,  Andrew  Grimes, 
James  Hardy,  Joseph  Herrick,  William  Hilton,  John  and  Solomon  How- 
ard, Robert  Honnors,  Joseph  Killam,  Nathaniel  Kinsman,  John  Knight, 
Nathaniel  Low,  Isaiah  and  James  Marsh,  William  Moore,  Thomas  Oakes, 
James  Pearson,  John  Redding,  George  Tappan,  Jethro  Wheeler,  Benjamin 
Winter,  William  Younger. 

William  Pew  came  from  Virginia  after  1750,  and  founded  the  family  on 
the  Cape.  The  Presson,  Prindall,  Proctor,  Friend,  Watson  and  other  well- 
established  Gloucester  family  names  first  appear  in  town  between  1750  and 
1800. 

FIFTY  YEARS  OF  PROGRESS. 

The  growth  of  the  town  from  1700  to  1750  had  been  vigorous. 
At  the  first  mentioned  date,  the  harbor  front  and  what  is  now  the 
heart  of  the  city  was  covered  with  an  almost  unbroken  stretch  of 
wood.  Fore,  now  Main  Street,  was  a  mere  path  through  the  forest 
with  a  few  settlers'  houses  abutting  near  its  course.  The  contrast  fifty 
years  later  was  quite  marked.  A  number  of  wharves  broke  the  regu- 
larity of  the  water  front,  a  respectable  village,  with  its  church  on 
Cornhill  Street,  and  tidy  well  kept  dwellings  had  come  into  exis- 
tence, and  a  general  air  of  content  and  prosperity  prevailed  on  every 
hand.  Fore  Street  had  assumed  the  position  it  has  always  re- 
tained, that  of  the  principal  business  thoroughfare  of  the  town.  The 
growth  of  trees  with  the  exception  of  a  few  isolated  clumps  and 
noble  specimens  left  for  ornament  had  disappeared.  Everywhere 
was  thrift  and  life.  Where  but  a  bare  dozen  of  small  craft  were  owned 
in  1700  there  were  some  70  or  80  large  fishing  vessels.  These  were 
sent  to  the  Banks  during  the  summer  and  in  the  winter  the  fares  of 
fish,  together  with  the  produce  from  the  farmers  of  the  adjacent 
towns,  were  dispatched  in  the  larger  craft  to  the  West  Indies  where 
the  cargoes  met  a  remunerative  market.  Such  is  the  pleasing  picture 
at  that  period  of  colonial  life.  The  causes  which  contributed  to  this 
result  may  be  profitably  reviewed. 

FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  COMMERCE. 

The  British,  Spanish  and  French  had  large  possessions  in  the  West 
Indies.  It  was  the  policy  of  the  home  governments  to  restrict  the 


66  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

dealings  with  these  colonies  by  passing  stringent  laws,  compelling  the 
inhabitants  to  trade  exclusively  with  the  mother  country.  Prior 
to  the  Revolution,  New  England  merchants,  being  subjects  of 
Great  Britian,  had  unrestricted  trade  with  the  British  West  India 
ports.  Notwithstanding  the  rigid  laws  of  non-intercourse  of  the  French 
and  Spanish,  illicit  voyages  were  often  made  to  the  West  Indian 
ports  of  these  governments.  In  fact  there  was  an  enormous  smug- 
gling trade  carried  on  at  this  peroid.  At  times  the  pressing  need  of 
supplies,  obliged  these  governments  to  suspend  the  provisions  of 
their  prohibitive  laws,  and  the  governors  were  given  discretionary 
powers  to  allow  the  vessels  of  the  North  Atlantic  Colonies  licenses  to 
trade,  discharge  cargoes,  repair,  etc.  Indeed,  these  officials  could 
be  approached  by  the  payment  of  a  small  fee,  the  requisite  license 
generally  obtained,  and  during  the  greater  part  of  the  period,  traffic 
regular  and  clandestine,. was  carried  on  with  all  these  islands  virtually 
without  restriction.  Various  sections  of  New  England  participated 
in  this  profitable  trade.  A  general  cargo  of  fish,  produce,  live  stock, 
etc.,  could  be  sold  in  the  English  islands  for  money ;  the  vessel  would 
then  go  to  Trinidad  or  the  Dutch  possessions,  buy  molasses,  spices 
and  coffee  at  low  figures  and  return  home  with  the  cargo  and  in  addi- 
tion quite  an  amount  of  hard  cash.  In  this  trade  Gloucester  partici- 
pated, reaping  a  goodly  return,  and  the  large  fleet  of  vessels  and  en- 
suing prosperity  were  the  tangible  evidences  of  results  achieved. 

This  commerce,  locally  considered,  was  the  direct  offshoot  of  the 
fisheries.  The  nearest  market  was  sought  for  the  product  of  sea  and 
land.  A  coasting  trade  also  sprang  into  existence  quite  early. 
These  latter  voyages  were  made  in  winter,  the  bays  and  rivers  of 
Maryland  and  Virginia  penetrated  and  a  profitable  trade  estab- 
lished with  the  inhabitants,  mainly  barter.  A  staple  part  of  the 
outward  cargo  was  New  England  rum  which  met  with  a  brisk  de- 
mand. The  northern  traders  interfered  so  much  with  the  business 
of  the  local  dealers  that  in  the  course  of  time  laws  were  passed 
which,  in  the  long  run,  compelled  our  merchants  to  abandon  the  busi- 
ness. Under  these  adverse  circumstances,  some  shady  transactions 
with  slaves  for  stolen  goods  were  reported  and  other  proceedings  of 
a  like  dubious  nature  are  recorded.  The  Gloucester  maratime  inter- 
ests escaped  the  French  men-of-war  during  the  early  colonial  strug- 
gles and  also  the  buccaneers  of  the  Spanish  main,  two  only  of  the 
local  craft  being  captured. 


HISTOKY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  67 


CHAPTER     VII. 

Frorri  1750  to  1800. 

ACTIVE  PARTICIPATION  IN  FRENCH  WARS.  AT  CROWN  POINT.  UN- 
FORTUNATE ACADIANS.  AT  TICONDEROGA.  TOWN  PROSPEROUS. 
SMALL  POX  PREVAILS.  DENOUNCES  STAMP  ACT  AND  TEA  TAX. 
OVERT  ACTS  OF  DISLOYALTY.  TOWN  PREPARES  FOR  IMPENDING 
CONFLICT.  BOYCOTTS  TORIES.  GLOUCESTER  TROOPS  AT  BUNKER 
HILL.  YOUNG  WEBBER  KILLS  MAJOR  PITCAIRN.  LINZEE'S  AT- 
TACK. PRIVATEERING  OPERATIONS.  IMPOVERISHED  CONDITION 
OF  THE  PEOPLE.  RETURN  OF  PEACE.  REVIVAL  OF  COMMERCE. 
DIFFICULTIES  WITH  THE  FRENCH.  JOHN  MURRAY'S  PREACH- 
ING. SHAY'S  REBELLION.  CONSTITUTION  RATIFIED.  NEGROES. 
SELECTMEN,  POOR  HOUSE.  EVENING  OF  THE  CENTURY. 

THE  year  1750  marks  the  commencement  of  a  new  era  in  colonial 
'  history,  and  from  this  date  may  be  traced  the  beginning  of  the 
feeling  of  unrest  and  dissatisfaction  which  ultimately  led  to  the  war 
of  the  Revolution  and  Independence.  At  that  period  Gloucester 
contained  about  2700  souls.  The  community  was  in  a  thriving  con- 
dition ;  the  Bank  fisheries  were  firmly  established  and  profitably  pur- 
sued, and  as  has  been  said  foreign  commerce  added  to  the  town's 
revenues. 

Four  generations,  and  perhaps  more  had  been  born  on  the  soil 
since  the  early  settlers  came  over  from  England.  The  ties  which 
bound  the  first  comers  to  the  old  home  grew  weaker  with  each  suc- 
ceeding generation  until  at  the  date  under  consideration  the  senti- 
ment of  loyalty  had  been  well  nigh  extinguished.  Climatic,  and 
other  influences  had  worked  the  inevitable  result.  The  people  had 
become  thoroughly  American,  needing  only  the  opportunity  to  de- 
monstrate the  intensity  of  their  devotion  to  their  native  land.  In 
Gloucester  as  much  as  in  any  other  community  in  Eastern  Massa- 
chusetts the  warlike  spirit  was  early  fostered  and  developed.  The 
attempts  of  the  French  to  firmly  establish  themselves  in  the  terri- 
tory adjacent  to  the  great  fishing  grounds  was  looked  upon  with 
alarm.  The  fishing  interests  frequently  suffered  annoyances  at  the 
hands  of  French  cruisers  and  their  allies,  the  Indians. 


68  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Therefore,  Gloucester  having  a  vital  interest  in  asserting  what 
the  citizens  assumed  to  be  their  rights,  more  so  perhaps  than 
non-maratime  communities  of  the  provinces,  assumed  a  prominent 
part  in  the  early  conflicts  with  the  French  and  Indians.  Accord- 
ingly, when  a  union  of  the  English  colonies  in  North  America  for 
mutual  defence  was  suggested,  William  Stevens,  representative  at 
the  General  Court,  was  sent  to  Albany,  where  a  convention  of  del- 
egates conferred  and  adopted  the  scheme  as  proposed.  Troops  were 
also  sent  to  the  front. 

One  company  from  Gloucester  was  in  the  expedition  against 
Crown  Point.  Its  officers  were  as  follows  :  Capt.,  Jonathan  Fellows; 
Lieut.,  John  Row;  Ensign,  Samuel  Fellows.  Little  is  known  of  its 
record  while  in  service. 

About  50  of  the  unfortunate  Acadians,  ruthlessly  torn  from  their 
homes  during  the  expedition  against  Nova  Scotia  in  1755,  were  quar- 
tered for  a  short  time  in  town  but  were  removed  to  other  places. 

AT  TICONDEROGA. 

Up  to  1758  the  French  had  waged  the  more  successful  campaign 
in  America,  but  the  undaunted  hand  of  Pitt,  the  friend  of  the  col- 
onies, was  at  the  British  helm,  and  active  preparations  were  made  to 
renew  the  contest.  The  military  spirit  ran  high  and  in  May  of  that 
year  about  80  men  were  enlisted  in  town  for  the  service  under  the 
command  of  Capt.  Andrew  Giddings.  They  participated  in  the 
abortive  attempt  on  Ticonderoga.  In  July,  Louisburg,  C.  B.,  one  of 
the  French  strongholds  in  America,  once  more  capitulated  to  the 
English  forces  and  the  news  was  received  here  with  especial  satis- 
faction. This  good  tidings  was  followed  by  the  equally  pleasing  in- 
formation of  the  fall  of  Quebec  the  next  year.  If  any  part  was 
taken  in  this  last  event  by  Gloucester  there  is  no  record  of  the  fact, 
but  tradition  credits  the  town  with  a  small  number  of  soldiers  in 
Wolfe's  army  at  the  Plains  of  Abraham. 

TOWN  PROSPEROUS. 

With  the  defeat  of  the  French  came  peace  and  renewed  prosperity. 
The  town  continued  to  grow  and  thrive,  the  people  being  in  comfort- 
able circumstances,  but  nine  paupers  being  "on  the  town"  at  this 
period.  Commerce  with  the  West  Indies  was  in  a  flourishing  condi- 
tion. The  Bilboa  trade  was  also  very  profitably  pursued.  In 
1 767,  there  was  sent  to  that  port  from  the  towns  of  Essex  county 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  69 

fifty  thousand  quintals  of  fish  of  which  Gloucester  contributed  a 
goodly  share.  The  merchants  commenced  to  live  in  fairly  comfortable 
style,  although  no  great  fortunes  had  been  accumulated  up  to  that 
time.  Some  half  dozen  of  the  wealthiest  men  had  acquired  from 
$8,000  to  $10,000  each,  and  the  riches  of  the  community  were  distrib- 
uted on  substantially  the  same  basis  as  at  present.  The  town 
expenditures  in  1757  were  $1070,  increasing  to  about  $2250  from 
176710  1775. 

SMALL   POX    PREVAILS. 

Town  affairs  went  quietly  on  in  the  even  tenor  of  their  way  until 
1 764  when  the  small  pox  became  epidemic,  eight  deaths  resulting 
before  it  ran  its  course.  A  guard  was  established  at  the  Cut  and 
at  the  Battery  to  prevent  strangers  who  might  communicate  the 
disease,  from  coming  into  town  before  receiving  a  vigorous  disin- 
fecting. 

DENOUNCES   STAMP  ACT  AND  TEA  TAX. 

In  1765  came  the  Stamp  Act,  the  opening  act  of  oppression  by 
the  British  Parliament,  which  paved  the  way  for  revolution.  The 
people,  October  7,  in  town  meeting  assembled,  unanimously  expressed 
their  disapproval  of  its  passage,  and  instructed  their  representatives 
in  the  General  Court  to  exert  every  lawful  effort  against  its  enforce- 
ment. The  year  1766  was  dark  indeed,  being  notable  for  one 
of  those  marine  calamities  whose  sad  recurrence  has  so  often 
brought  mourning  and  sorrow  to  Gloucester  homes.  In  March 
of  that  year  a  violent  gale  arose  on  the  Banks,  and  nine  vessels  out 
of  nineteen  foundered  or  were  wrecked,  with  the  loss  of  all  their 
crews.  In  consideration  of  this  great  infliction,  the  General  Court 
abated  the  town  tax  ^50.  The  odious  Stamp  Act  was  repealed, 
but  the  act  imposing  a  duty  on  tea  and  other  articles  imported  by 
the  colonies  passed  in  1767,  met  with  as  strenuous  opposition,  and 
in  town  meeting  the  citizens  adopted  resolutions  of  a  character  pre- 
viously passed  by  the  people  of  Boston,  pledging  themselves  to 
abstain  from  the  use  of  the  taxed  articles,  and  to  take  measures  to 
foster  home  industries. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  December  25  and  28,  1772,  a  committee 
of  correspondence,  consisting  of  Daniel  Witham,  Peter  Coffin,  Jacob 
Parsons,  Jacob  Allen,  Solomon  Parsons,  Joseph  Foster  and  Samuel 
Whittemore  was  chosen  to  confer  with  similar  committees  in  Boston 
regarding  the  tyrannical  measures  of  the  governor,  the  resolu- 


70  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

tions  adopted  by  the  Boston  citizens  denouncing  the  arbitrary  acts 
of  the  crown  officials  were  fully,  endorsed,  and  the  representative  to 
the  General  Court  was  instructed  to  use  every  lawful  effort  to  obtain 
a  redress  of  grievances.  Next  year,  1773,  three  cargoes  of  tea  were 
sent  to  Boston  by  the  East  India  Company,  and  the  indignation  of  the 
populace  was  aroused  to  the  highest  pitch  in  protest  against  the 
payment  of  the  obnoxious  duty.  Gloucester,  from  the  first,  a  hot  bed 
of  patriotism,  strengthened  the  hands  of  the  Boston  compatriots 
by  adopting  a  set  of  resolutions  in  town  meeting  assembled, 
December  15,  declaring  in  the  strongest  possible  terms  "that  they 
viewed  with  the  greatest  satisfaction  the  action  of  Boston  in  glori- 
ously opposing  this  pernicious  innovation  "  pledging  themselves  to 
use  the  most  "  strenuous  exertions  "  not  only  that  there  should  be  no 
teas  landed  in  town,  but  to  have  no  commerce  with  any  person  iden- 
tified in  any  manner  "  in  buying  or  selling  that  detestable  herb ; " 
declaring  that  they  would  "  oppose  every  species  of  tyranny  and 
usurpation,  and,  if  we  are  compelled  to  make  the  last  appeal  to 
Heaven,  will  hold  ourselves  in  readiness  to  join  the  town  of  Boston 
in  all  measures  to  extricate  ourselves  from  tyranny  and  oppression," 
and  that  "  the  thanks  of  the  town  be  presented  to  the  town  of  Boston 
for  the  vigilance  and  activity  they  have  always  discovered  in  guard- 
ing against  the  subtle  machinations  and  in  combating  the  open  out- 
rages of  our  enemies  in  Great  Britain,  and  in  this  country  and 
this  town  shall  always  record  them  the  friends  of  human  nature  and 
guardians  of  that  heavenly  palladium  —  the  liberties  of  America." 

These  resolutions  were  published  in  the  "Salem  Gazette"  and 
forwarded  to  Boston.  From  their  tenor  can  be  judged  the  intensity 
of  the  popular  feeling  against  the  imposition  of  the  obnoxious  duties. 
The  times  were  indeed  ripe  for  a  revolt.  On  the  next  day  occurred 
the  famous  "Boston  Tea  Party"  and  its  destruction  of  the  "detest- 
able herb." 

OVERT  ACTS  OF  DISLOYALTY. 

The  Boston  Port  Bill,  closing  that  port,  was  the  answer  of  the 
home  government,  and  other  measures  seriously  restricting  the 
libsrties  of  the  people  soon  followed.  The  example  of  the  merchants 
of  Newburyport  in  agreeing  on  a  policy  of  non-intercourse  with 
Great  Britain  or  her  West  India  possessions  was  unanimously  adopted 
by  the  citizens  in  town  meeting  assembled,  and  a  committee  includ- 
ing the  principal  business  men  of  the  place,  was  chosen  to  confer 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  71 

with  the  merchants  of  other  maratime  towns  in  regard  to  measures 
most  expedient  for  the  occasion.  The  greater  part  of  the  citizens 
also  signed  a  covenant  not  to  trade  with  the  inhabitants  of  Great 
Britain.  In  order  to  relieve  the  destitution  occasioned  in  Boston  by 
the  enforcement  of  the  Port  Bill,  contributions  were  solicited  from 
the  outside.  Gloucester's  response  was  120  sheep,  contributed  in 
November,  1774,  together  with  ^117  in  money,  which  were  duly 
forwarded  to  Boston  in  March,  1775.  In  that  year  the  General  Court 
held  its  session  at  Salem,  when  the  delegates  were  chosen  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  at  which  the  Governor  dissolved  the  house. 
The  delegates  again  assembled  at  Salem  and  constituted  themselves 
a  Provincial  Congress,  Peter  Coffin  and  Daniel  Witham,  a  venera- 
ble patriot,  being  chosen  members  from  this  town.  The  citizens 
held  steadfast  to  their  compact  in  declining  to  have  commercial  deal- 
ings with  Great  Britain,  or  the  British  West  Indies.  In  November, 
at  an  adjourned  town  meeting,  a  vote  was  passed  guaranteeing  an 
indemnity  to  the  constables  if  they  turned  over  the  Province  tax 
into  the  town  treasury.  This  was  done,  the  money  being  deposited 
with  the  treasurer,  who  in  turn  was  directed  to  pay  it  to  the  receiver 
appointed  by  the  Provincial  Congress,  the  amount  remitted  being 
£136.  This  was  certainly  a  most  substantial  and  overt  act  of 
disloyalty.  Another  Provincial  Congress  assembled  at  Cambridge, 
February  I,  1775,  Peter  Coffin  and  Samuel  Whittemore  being  the 
town's  representatives. 

TOWN  ARMS   FOR  IMPENDING  CONFLICT. 

The  breach  between  the  colonists  and  mother  country  became 
wider  each  succeeding  day  until  the  "irrepressible  conflict"  seemed 
close  at  hand.  March  6,  1775,  it  was  voted,  by  the  advice  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Congress,  that  the  military  companies  with  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion should  be  inspected  on  the  following  Thursday  and  a  report  of 
their  condition  submitted  to  the  town.  Again  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress sent  forth  a  recommendation,  which  was  virtually  a  call  to 
arms  and  every  preparation  was  made  in  the  way  of  securing  sup- 
plies of  arms  and  ammunition  in  order  that  all  might  be  in  readiness 
when  the  first  clash  should  occur  between  the  troops  of  the  King 
and  the  Provincial  soldiery.  A  company  of  minute  men  was  formed 
under  the  command  of  Nathaniel  Warner.  The  Sixth  Essex  regi- 
ment at  that  time  consisted  of  six  companies  belonging  in  Gloucester 
and  one  in  Manchester. 


72  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

TOWN  BOYCOTTS  TORIES. 

The  sympathizers  with  the  crown,  the  Tories,  were  unpopular, 
and,  at  the  town  meeting  held  March  6,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  interview  suspects  and  report  at  a  future  time.  They 
attended  to  that  duty  designating  Epes  Sargent,  Esq.,  the  only 
person  who  declined  to  furnish  the  satisfaction  demanded  by  the 
town  and  give  proof  that  he  was  a  harmless  citizen.  He  was  a 
prominent  merchant  largely  engaged  in  the  fisheries  and  foreign 
commerce.  Thereupon  the  town  voted  to  forbid  all  persons  to  have 
any  commerce  with  him  or  his  abettors.  He  was  compelled  to  re- 
move to  Boston  where  even  greater  indignation  and  obloquy  were 
heaped  upon  him  on  account  of  his  loyalist  sentiments.  He  finally 
returned  to  Gloucester  where  he  was  coldly  received.  He  died  from 
the  effects  of  inoculation  in  1779,  on  the  occasion  of  a  small  pox 
scare.  He  pleaded  in  vain  for  exemption  from  this  medical  treat- 
ment, having  a  dread  that  the  operation  would  prove  fatal.  The 
authorities  were  inexorable  and  the  result  was  as  he  had  apprehended. 
There  is  no  doubt,  judging  from  his  commercial  prominence  in  the 
community  that,  if  he  had  embraced  the  patriotic  side,  his  request  for 
exemption  from  inoculation  would  have  been  granted. 

Dr.  David  Plummer  was  also  suspected  of  sympathizing  with  the 
crown  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  and  nothing  but  a  public 
declaration  of  sympathy  with  the  patriots  appeased  the  people.  It 
appears  that  there  were  quite  a  number  of  Loyalists  in  town.  A 
large  grant  of  land  in  Nova  Scotia  was  given  the  Cape  Ann  Associa- 
tion in  1784,  to  William  Clark  and  Associates.  About  150  families 
from  Cape  Ann  and  other  towns  of  Essex  county  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Clark  settled  in  New  Brunswick.  The  tract  now  bounded 
by  Middle,  School  and  Church  Streets  is  said  to  have  been  owned 
and  abandoned  by  refugees. 

GLOUCESTER  TROOPS   AT  BUNKER  HILL. 

In  the  midst  of  this  fever  of  unrest  came  the  tidings  of  the  con- 
flict at  Lexington  and  Concord.  The  town  was  wild  with  excite- 
ment and  but  one  sentiment  animated  the  citizens,  the  spilling  of 
patriotic  blood  must  be  avenged.  An  attack  was  expected  on  Glou- 
cester inasmuch,  as  has  been  pointed  out,  the  town  had  been 
one  of  the  most  aggressive  in  the  province  on  the  patriotic  side  and 
the  place  had  attracted  attention  from  the  fact  that  the  acts  of  Par- 
liament regulating  the  trade  of  the  colonies  had  been  wilfully  viola- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  78 

ted,  the  ships  fitted  for  foreign  commerce  from  the  port  were  en- 
gaged in  smuggling  and  their  owners  evaded  the  payment  of  duties 
by  false  entries,  being  aided  and  abetted  by  the  custom  house  offi- 
cers, who,  for  a  consideration,  overlooked  these  delinquencies.  Now 
that  hostilities  were  commenced  the  citizens  expected  an  early  at- 
tempt on  the  part  of  the  British  forces  to  inflict  castigation  upon 
them  for  sins  of  omission  and  commission.  The  town  was  easily 
accessible  from  the  sea,  had  but  slight  defences  and  a  sufficient 
naval  force  could  bombard  the  place  with  comparative  ease  even  if 
repulse  was  sustained  in  an  attempt  to  land.  Accordingly  many  of 
the  inhabitants  on  a  peaceful  Sabbath  clay  as  a  measure  of  safety 
removed  their  women  and  children  in  haste  to  West  Parish  and 
Ipswich. 

Prompt  action  was  taken  by  the  town.  The  representatives  to  the 
Provincial  Congress  were  instructed  to  act  as  their  judgment  dicta- 
ted on  the  momentous  question  of  a  change  in  governments. 

Firearms  and  ammunition  were  secured,  and  a  committee 
of  safety,  consisting  of  31  of  the  most  prominent  citizens,  was 
selected.  The  minute  men  were  mustered  out,  and  enlistments  for 
the  regular  service  actively  prosecuted,  the  town  agreeing  to 
support  the  families  of  such  soldiers  as  so  desired  during  their 
absence,  and  to  furnish  arms  and  blankets  for  those  who  were  not 
provided  with  these  necessaries.  Recruits  came  forward  rapidly,  and 
five  companies  were  dispatched  to  join  the  patriotic  forces  encamped 
around  Boston.  The  total  number  from  the  town  in  the  field  was 
225,  besides  those  who  were  engaged  in  naval  service.  Two  of 
the  Gloucester  companies  were  in  the  fight  at  Bunker  Hill.  One 
was  commanded  by  Captain  Nathaniel  Warner,  who  enlisted  his  men 
in  four  days.  Captain  Warner  made  hot  haste  to  the  scene  of  the 
battle.  Arriving  on  the  ground,  he  applied  to  General  Putnam  for 
instructions,  and  was  told  to  go  to  the  fort,  but  for  some  reason  the 
company  divided  in  two  sections.  One  squad,  under  the  captain,  pro- 
ceeded to  the  redoubt ;  the  other,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Burn- 
ham,  marched  on  and  took  a  position  near  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  fort,  delivering  a  sharp  fire  into  the  enemies'  flanks.  Two  men 
of  this  detachment  were  killed  and  three  wounded,  when  the  provin- 
cial troops  fell  back.  Meanwhile  Captain  Warner's  portion  of  the 
company  had  been  ordered  out  of  the  redoubt,  and  quickly  took  a 
position  where  the  firing  was  hottest — at  the  rail  fence.  A  gun 


74  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

barrel  in  the  hands  of  Captain  Warner  burst,  several  shots  struck  his 
person,  but  were  deflected  by  some  metallic  substance,  so  that  he 
escaped  uninjured.  The  provincial  troops  fought  bravely,  but  were 
at  length  compelled  to  retreat. 

The  men  killed  in  this  company  were  Benjamin  Smith  and  Daniel 
Callahan.  Smith  was  standing  close  to  Benjamin  Webber  when 
shot  and  expired  almost  instantly.  Webber  was  wounded  in  the 
right  arm  while  in  the  act  of  firing  his  last  charge.  Alexander  Par- 
ran  was  also  hit  in  the  right  arm,  which  was  injured  so  badly  that  it 
became  useless. 

YOUNG  WEBBER  KILLS  MAJOR  PITCAIRN. 

Benjamin  Webber,  referred  to  above,  performed  an  act  during  this 
conflict  which  deserves  more  than  passing  mention.  News  came 
of  the  conflict  at  Lexington,  and  was  followed  by  the  enlistment  of 
Captain  Warner's  company.  Webber  was  then  a  mere  boy, 
engaged  on  his  father's  farm  at  Freshwater  Cove.  Imbued  with 
patriotic  ardor,  he  determined  to  enlist.  The  family,  however,  had 
no  suitable  musket,  and  such  was  the  scarcity  of  arms  at  that  imme- 
diate period  that  none  could  be  obtained.  Webber,  however,  heard 
of  an  old  Queen's  arm  to  be  had  at  Lanesville,  and  set  out  on  foot 
for  that  locality,  where  he  procured  the  piece,  which  had  been 
lengthened  with  a  section  of  barrel  tubing,  brazed  on.  He  enlisted 
and  went  to  the  front.  At  the  rail  fence,  young  Webber's  attention 
was  drawn  to  a  British  officer  on  horseback  actively  engaged  in 
directing  the  movements  of  his  troops.  It  was  Major  Pitcairn,  brave, 
but  somewhat  boastful.  "  Do  you  see  that  officer  on  horseback  ?  " 
remarked  Webber  to  a  comrade,  "Well,  I  am  going  to  try  and  bring 
him  down."  Raising  on  his  knee,  the  young  farmer  took  unerring  aim, 
fired  with  deadly  effect  and  Major  Pitcairn  fell  mortally  wounded. 
Some  time  afterward  an  effort  was  made  to  secure  this  musket  as  a 
historical  souvenir,  but  it  had  disappeared  and  could  not  be  traced. 
Some  curiosity  seekers  desirous  of  obtaining  the  weapon  broke  into 
the  Webber  residence  at  the  Cove,  and  stole  an  old  weapon  used  by 
Mr.  Webber  in  his  gunning  expeditions,  under  the  impression  that  it 
was  the  arm  used  at  Bunker  Hill.  But  in  this  they  were  mistaken. 
Such  is  the  story  told  the  writer  some  eight  years  ago  by  the  late  Mr. 
Benjamin  Webber,  a  man  of  the  highest  respectability  and  veracity, 
whose  descendents  still  occupy  the  old  homestead  erected  on  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  75 

land  granted  to  their  ancestor  Michael,  at  Fresh  Water  Cove.  This 
account  is  here  given  to  the  public  for  the  first  time. 

Capt.  Row's  company  marched  from  Gloucester,  June  12,  and  on 
the  evening  of  the  i6th  reached  Breed's  hill  where  they  assisted  in 
throwing  up  the  redoubt,  a  part  of  the  company  afterwards  being 
directed  to  carry  off  the  intrenching  implements.  On  their  return 
this  section  was  placed  on  the  extreme  left  wing  of  the  Provincial 
forces,  being  separated  as  in  the  case  of  Capt.  Warner's  command. 
They  were  engaged  at  the  rail  fence,  which  they  helped  to  construct, 
and  bore  the  brunt  of  the  battle  and  fought  with  as  equal  valor  as 
Capt.  Warner's  men.  Three  of  these  men  were  killed  and  two 
wounded.  Francis  Pool  and  Josiah  Brooks  were  slain  at  the  rail 
fence  and  William  Parsons  at  the  redoubt. 

Daniel  Doyle  was  hit  by  a  ball  and  William  Foster  wounded  in  the 
wrist,  but  both  without  serious  consequences. 

Following  is  the  roster  of  these  two  companies. 

CAPT.  WARNER'S  COMPANY. 

Nathaniel  Warner,  captain ;  John  Burnham,  lieut ;  Daniel  Collins, 
ensign ;  Jonathan  Woodman,  sergeant ;  William  Kinsman,  sergeant; 
Alex  Parran,  sergeant ;  Jarrus  Lincoln,  sergeant  ;  Richard  Simpson, 
corporal ;  Nathan  Glover,  corporal ;  Jonathan  Butler,  corporal ; 
Nymphas  Stacy,  corporal;  John  Warner,  fifer;  Jonathan  Somes, 
Andrew  Kelcy,  Nathaniel  Bennett,  Moses  Ring,  Daniel  Callahan, 
Benjamin  Clark,  Andrew  Bray,  Josiah  Brown,  Levi  Lane,  Moses 
Bennett,  James  Preastly,  Josiah  Burk,  Benjamin  Smith,  Vinson  El- 
well,  William  Averill,  Robert  Callaghan,  Thomas  Ayres,  David  Row, 
Benjamin  Webber,  Samuel  Marshall,  Josiah  Ingersoll,  Joshua  Day, 
Joshua  Polen,  Zerubbabel  Allen,  Isaac  Bray,  Larrey  Trejay,  Solo- 
mon Parsons,  John  Andress,  William  Segurs,  William  Grimes,  Aaron 
Stevens,  Peter  Seavery,  Jeremiah  Burnham,  John  Chaplen,  William 
Grover,  Thomas  Millett,  Joseph  Somes,  Ezekiel  Woodward,  Eli- 
phalet  Wharf,  Ebenezer  Tarbox,  Jonathan  Pike,  Ebenezer  Goslen  (or 
Joslyn),  William  Johnson,  Nathan  Brown,  Joseph  Howard,  Lemuel 

Collins. 

CAPT.  ROWS  COMPANY. 

John  Row,  captain  ;  Mark  Pool,  lieut ;  Eben  Cleveland,  ensign  ; 
Daniel  B.  Tarr,  sergeant  ;  William  Haskins,  sergeant ;  William  Dav- 
ison,  sergeant ;  William  Foster,  sergeant ;  Jonathan  Row,  corporal : 
Thomas  Finson,  corporal ;  John  Gott,  corporal ;  William  Low,  cor- 


76  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

poral ;  Benjamin  Davis,  drummer;  Isaac  Haskell,  fifer;  Jacob  Allen, 
Obadiah  Atkins,  David  Averill,  Eleazer  Butman,  Daniel  Butler,  David 
Crage,  Henry  Clark,  Daniel  Doyl,  Dominicus  Davis,  Samuel  Clark, 
Joseph  Dresser,  Richard  Dresser,  Thomas  Dresser,  Caleb  Elwell, 
James  Phipps,  Ebenezer  Gott,  Joshua  Gore,  Bennett  Haskins,  Wil- 
liam Jumper.  John  Clark,  Joseph  Lane,  James  Lurvey,  Francis  Lane, 
Samuel  Low,  Henry  Morgan,  Henry  Parsons,  Hugh  Parkhurst, 
Joseph  Parsons,,  Jeffrey  Parsons,  John  Row,  junior,  Joshua  Row, 
Peter  Richardson,  William  Row,  Daniel  Somes,  John  Smith,  Eph- 
raim  Sheldren,  John  Tarr,  John  Tarr,  junior,  Jabez  Tarr,  James  Tarr, 
William  Woodbury,  Ebenezer  Witham,  Spencer  Thomas,  Jonathan 
Parsons,  Peter  Emmons,  Thomas  Edes,  John  Youlin,  John  Parrott, 
Joseph  Low,  Aaron  Riggs,  Francis  Pool,  Josiah  Brooks,  William 
Parsons. 

ATTACK  OF  CAPT.  LINZEE. 

The  fears  of  the  inhabitants  that  an  attack  would  be  made  on  the 
town,  presumably  from  the  sea,  were  realized  in  August,  1775,  when 
the  sloop  of  war  Falcon,  Capt.  Lindsay  (or  Linzee)  appeared  in  Ips- 
wich Bay,  hove  to,  and  sent  a  barge  containing  about  50  men  ashore 
to  secure  a  supply  of  mutton  from, the  flock  of  sheep  grazing  on  the 
Coffin  farm  at  West  Gloucester.  Major  Coffin  observed  their  move- 
ments and  anticipated  their  design.  He  hastily  gathered  some  half 
dozen  men,  armed  them  with  rifles  and,  concealed  behind  sand 
mounds,  kept  up  such  a  brisk  firing  that  the  sailors  in  the  barge,  sup- 
posing that  a  large  company  were  ready  to  receive  them,  thought  it 
prudent  to  desist  from  their  sheep  foraging  intentions.  On  return- 
ing the  barge's  load  captured  a  sand  lugger,  supposing  the  craft  to 
be  from  the  West  Indies.  Linzee  continued  to  cruise  in  Massachu- 
setts bay  and  on  the  8th  of  the  month  intercepted  two  West  Indian- 
men  bound  for  Salem.  He  captured  one  and  chased  the  other  into 
Gloucester  harbor,  the  craft  being  run  ashore  on  the  flats  near  Ten 
Pound  island. 

This  episode,  of  course,  had  been  observed  from  the  shore  and  a 
large  concourse  of  citizens  had  assembled  near  the  spot  where  the 
schooner  lay.  They  resolved  to  defend  the  craft  at  all  hazards. 
Linzee  anchored  his  ship  and  prepared  to  take  possession  of  the 
prize.  He  sent  in  three  barges  containing  22  men  armed  with  mus- 
kets and  swivels.  These  boarded  the  craft  but  had  no  sooner  reached 
•the  deck  than  a  sharp  fusilade  was  opened  upon  them  from  two 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  77 

old  swivels  and  a  company  of  men  with  muskets  stationed  at 
Vinson's  Cove.  Three  of  the  boarding  party  were  killed  at  the  first 
volley,  and  the  lieutenant  in  command  wounded  in  the  leg,  the  fierce 
fire  compelling  the  detail  to  return  to  their  ship.  Linzee  then  sent 
in  a  small  schooner  and  a  cutter,  armed  with  a  full  complement 
of  men,  to  secure  the  merchantman.  He  also  dispatched  a  boat 
load  of  men  ashore  at  Fort  Point  to  fire  the  town,  at  the  same  time 
directing  a  vigorous  bombardment  at  the  center  of  the  village,  one 
shot  taking  effect  in  what  is  now  the  Unitarian  church,  where,  sus- 
pended above  the  entrance  to  the  vestry  it  may  be  seen  to-day. 
A  detail  of  the  citizens  observing  the  boat  load  of  men  headed 
for  the  fish  sheds  on  Fort  Point,  quietly  repaired  to  the  place, 
and  made  the  firing  party  prisoners  before  they  could  execute  their 
designs. 

A  fierce  fight  took  place  for  the  possession  of  the  beleaguered  ship. 
Finally  the  villagers  triumphed  and  captured  the  entire  party, 
several  of  whom  were  wounded  severely,  one  dying  a  short  time 
after.  Twenty-four  of  the  company  were  sent  to  the  American 
camp  at  Cambridge,  and  a  number  of  impressed  men  to  their 
homes.  Two  of  the  citizens,  Benjamin  Rowe,  who  was  killed  instantly, 
and  Peter  Lurvey,  mortally  wounded,  comprised  the  number  of  the 
town's  loss  in  the  affray.  The  centennial  of  this  event  was  observed 
in  1875  by  a  grand  patriotic  celebration  at  Cape  Pond  grove  at 
which  Governor  Gaston  and  other  notables  were  present  and  made 
fitting  addresses.  The  sword  of  Captain  Linzee  crossed  with  that 
of  Colonel  Prescott,  a  Revolutionary  patriot,  may  be  seen  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  Boston. 

PRIVATEERING  OPERATIONS. 

In  order  to  be  better  prepared  for  future  assaults  breastworks 
were  thrown  up  at  Stage  Fort,  the  Cut,  Duncan's  Point  and  Fort 
Point.  This,  however,  was  the  last  attack  by  sea  or  land  that  the 
people  experienced. 

After  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  the  greater  part  of  the  companies 
from  this  place  returned,  and  soon  after  Linzee's  repulse,  commenced 
to  annoy  the  enemy  from  the  sea  by  conducting  privateering  opera- 
tions from  their  fishing  boats.  An  important  capture  brought  to 
port  this  year  was  the  ordnance  ship  "  Nancy,"  from  London  to 
Boston,  loaded  with  articles  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  Continental 
army.  Privateering  thus  commenced,  grew  in  importance.  During 


78  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  year  1776,  the  privateer  "Yankee  Hero,"  of  Newburyport,  rein- 
forced by  twenty  men  from  Sandy  Bay,  was  decoyed  off  the  latter 
place  into  an  attempt  to  take  the  disguised  British  ship  "Milford," 
the  crew  made  prisoners,  taken  to  New  York  and  confined  aboard 
a  prison  ship. 

In  1777,  a  bounty  of  £6,  increased  afterwards  to  ^14  was  paid 
each  soldier  who  enlisted  in  the  continental  army.  Recruits  came 
forward  very  slowly,  a  company  for  three  months'  service  under  com- 
mand of  Mark  Pool  joined  the  northern  department  of  the  American 
army.  The  privateering  fever,  however,  was  strong,  and  the  first 
important  venture  of  this  kind  was  that  of  a  converted  fishing 
schooner  named  "Brittannia,"  changed  to  the  more  appropriate 
designation,  "Warren."  She  was  commanded  by  Capt.  William  Coas 
and  captured  two  very  valuable  English  merchantmen,  the  "  Picary," 
of  400  tons,  bound  from  Tobago  for  London,  and  the  "  Sarah  and 
Elizabeth,"  from  Jamaica  to  London.  She  was  captured,  on  her 
third  cruise,  under  command  of  Silas  Howell,  and  taken  to  New 
York. 

The  "  Langdon"  was  another  fisherman  converted  into  a  privateer, 
but  she  never  returned  to  port.  The  "Union,"  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  Isaac  Somes,  captured  a  ship  bound  to  Lisbon  with  fish,  and 
a  brig  with  a  cargo  of  salt.  The  latter  was  fitted  for  privateering, 
renamed  the  "Gen.  Mercer,"  and  cruised  with  a  Philadelphia  priva- 
teer about  the  coast  of  France,  taking  several  brigs.  Besides  these 
there  was  a  number  of  small  craft  which  cruised  about  during  the 
day,  pouncing  upon  any  incoming  British  merchantman,  returning  to 
port  at  night.  These  were  kept  under  a  sharp  surveillance  by  the 
British  frigate  "  Milford,"  which  patrolled  the  bay. 

In  1777,  the  "Gloucester,"  a  new  brig  owned  by  David  Pearce  and 
others,  was  fitted  out  for  privateering  under  command  of  Captain 
John  Colson.  Her  crew,  including  officers,  was  composed  of  130 
men,  and  she  mounted  eighteen  carriage  guns.  High  hopes  were 
built  on  the  success  of  her  cruises,  as  this  project  was  by  far  the 
most  expensive  of  the  kind  in  which  the  citizens  had  yet  embarked. 
She  sailed  in  July,  and  when  a  few  days  out,  captured  the  brig 
"  Two  Friends,"  with  a  cargo  of  wine  and  salt  which  was  sent  into 
port  under  command  of  Captain  John  McKean ;  also  a  fishing  brig, 
the  "  Spark,"  brought  into  port  by  Isaac  Day.  Nothing  was  ever 
heard  after  this  from  the  craft,  the  loss  of  which  is  said  to  have  made 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  79 

sixty  widows,  and  plunged  the  town  into  the  deepest  misery  and 
gloom.  The  privateer  "  Speedwell,"  commanded  by  Captain  Phile- 
mon Haskell,  captured  three  fishing  brigs  during  the  year,  two 
of  which,  refitted  here  for  the  West  India  trade,  were  retaken  by 
the  British  cruisers  with  cargoes.  In  1778,  nothing  daunted  by 
past  misfortunes,  the  ship  "  General  Starks  "  was  fitted  out,  some 
Ipswich  people  lending  aid.  This  craft  measured  400  tons  and 
mounted  eighteen  guns.  She  was  commanded  by  Captain  William 
Coas,  but  met  with  ill  success.  The  "Speedwell"  was  again  put 
into  commission  this  year,  but  met  with  a  poor  run  of  luck,  and  was 
obliged  to  return  to  port  empty  handed. 

The  next  year,  1779,  the  "  Gen.  Starks"  was  once  more  fitted  for  a 
privateering  cruise  under  command  of  -Coas.  She  sailed  in  April, 
and  on  the  tenth  day  at  sea  captured  a  brig  from  Limerick  with  a 
cargo  of  provisions,  which  were  sent  home  and  most  joyfully  received 
by  the  people,  who  were  in  dire  need  at  the  time.  After  engaging 
in  a  hot  contest  with  two  British  cruisers  off  the  Azores,  from  which 
he  escaped,  Coas  captured  the  British  ship  "Porcupine,"  mounting 
fourteen  guns.  With  unexpected  magnanimity,  he  restored 
the  defeated  captain  his  ship,  after  helping  himself  to  her  guns, 
provisions  and  light  sails.  He  next  captured  a  brig  from  Bris- 
tol with  an  assorted  cargo  which  was  sent  to  port,  and  a  few  days 
afterwards  a  sloop  bound  out,  which  was  sunk.  While  refitting  at 
Bilboa,  thirty  of  his  crew  were  down  at  once  with  yellow  fever,  sev- 
eral of  whom  died.  The  authorities  at  Bilboa  offered  Captain  Coas 
a  reward  of  $1000  if  he  would  capture  an  enemy's  cruiser  then  in 
the  bay.  He  proceeded  to  sea,  decoyed  the  craft  with  a  crew  of 
sixty  men  within  gunshot,  captured  and  carried  her  into  Bilboa, 
receiving  $1600  for  the  ship,  besides  the  reward.  On  the  cruise 
home,  after  a  hot  fight  of  two  hours,  an  English  packet  from 
Jamaica  was  taken  and  sent  to  port.  Next  in  order  was  the  capture 
of  three  fishing  brigs,  after  she  arrived  home  in  September  with 
84  prisoners.  During  her  cruise  in  the  succeeding  winter,  under 
command  of  James  Pearson,  she  captured  three  ships  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  six  more  being  taken  by  a  Newburyport  and  a 
Salem  privateer,  the  Newburyport  craft  being  commanded  by  John 
Somes  of  Gloucester.  The  season's  work  of  the  "Starks"  had 
been  highly  successful,  but  on  Captain  Coas'  venturing  out  in  the 
craft  for  another  campaign,  he  was  captured  by  a  British  frigate 


80  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

and  taken  to  Halifax  with  his  crew,  where  they  were  confined  as 
prisoners.  He  was  lost  at  sea,  with  some  of  his  officers,  while  on 
the  passage  from  Boston  to  Halifax.  A  second  cartel  with  some  of 
the  "  Starks"  crew  came  to  Gloucester,  where  the  men,  sick,  and  in 
some  cases  unable  to  walk,  were  landed. 

Among  other  privateers  that  were  commissioned  from  this  port 
was  the  "Wasp,"  Isaac  Somes,  master.  She  took  a  brig  laden  with 
provisions,  which  was  sent  home,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  Salem 
privateer  "  Harlequin,"  a  ship  laden  with  rum  ;  the  brig  "  Wilkes  " 
was  built  by  Daniel  Pearce  for  the  merchant  service,  and  fitted  out 
for  privateering  under  the  command  of  Job  Knights.  She  met  with 
poor  success,  being  taken,  recaptured,  again  falling  into  the 
enemies'  hands  in  West  Indian  waters  ;  the  brig  "Success,"  owned  by 
David  Pearce,  was  taken  and  carried  to  Halifax ;  the  brig  "  Friend- 
ship," built  by  William  Pearce,  captured  a  ship  and  a  cargo  of  rum  ; 
"Gloucester  Packet,"  a  converted  prize  taken  by  the  "Starks," 
was  purchased  by  David  Pearce,  and  while  commanded  by  John 
Beach,  captured  a  brig  with  a  cargo  of  flour;  schooner  "Union," 
owned  by  William  Gee,  commanded  by  Daniel  Parsons,  with  a  crew 
of  thirty  men,  captured  a  brig  from  Ireland  with  provisions  and 
clothing;  shallop  "Speedwell,"  commanded  by  Thomas  Saunders, 
was  chased  ashore  near  Canso  and  lost;  ship  "Tiger"  of  sixteen 
guns,  John  Tucker,  captain,  was  captured  and  taken  into  Halifax ; 
brig  "  Ruby,"  Solomon  Babson,  commander,  took  a  brig  from  Ireland 
laden  with  provisions  ;  brig  "  Robin  Hood,"  Sargent  Smith,  captain, 
took  a  British  packet  mounting  sixteen  guns,  with  a  crew  of  one 
hundred  men  and  forty  passengers.  These  prisoners  were  exchanged 
for  the  crew  of  a  local  privateer  which  had  been  made  captive  ;  the 
"  Civil  Usage,"  Captain  John  Smith,  with  sixty  men,  engaged  in  a 
fight  with  an  English  packet  ship  of  greatly  superior  force,  until 
Smith  was  obliged  to  haul  off.  He  received  a  wound  in  the  throat, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  died;  ship  "Tempest,"  supposed  to 
have  sailed  about  1782,  commanded  by  Isaac  Somes,  was  accom- 
panied by  the  ship  "  Polly."  Both  were  in  the  Gulf  Stream  when 
a  terriffic  thunderstorm  arose,  and  when  the  gale  abated,  the  Tem- 
pest was  no  where  to  be  seen.  Her  name  and  decorations  were 
greatly  disapproved  of  by  the  religious  people,  who  saw  in  her  fate 
a  retributive  act  of  the  Omnipotent  One,  for  such  an  overt  act 
of  sacrilege. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  81 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  town's  efforts  during  the  war,  after 
the  opening  struggle  at  Bunker  Hill,  were  mainly  directed  at  preying 
upon  the  commerce  of  the  enemy,  a  form  of  warfare  for  which  the 
people,  by  their  environment  and  occupation,  were  peculiarly  fitted. 

GREAT  POVERTY  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 

The  constant  drain  of  resources  and  men  for  privateering,  the 
great  losses  thereby,  and  the  cutting  off  of  the  foreign  commerce 
during  the  war  engendered  poverty  and  want.  In  1775  the  town 
dispatched  two  vessels  to  Virginia  to  buy  grain,  but  so  pressing  were 
the  necessities  of  the  case,  that  the  town  authorized  the  selectmen 
to  buy  or  borrow  200  bushels  of  corn.  The  extreme  destitution  pre- 
vailing attracted  attention  from  outside,  and  donations  came  for- 
ward, notably  from  the  Society  of  Friends  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1776 
at  the  annual  town  meeting  it  was  voted  to  petition  for  the  abate- 
ment of  the  Province  tax  for  the  year.  The  town  remained  patriotic 
to  the  core  in  spite  of  these  adversities,  and  on  the  24th  of  June, 
at  a  largely  attended  town  meeting  voted  unanimously  to  support  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  with  their  lives  and  their  fortunes  if 
the  resolve  should  be  passed,  and  on  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  the 
passage  of  the  document  it  was  read  from  the  pulpits  and  copied  into 
the  town  records.  In  1777,  the  extreme  poverty  which  fell  mainly 
with  its  attendant  hardships  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  female  por- 
tion of  the  community  was  intensified  by  the  appearance  of  that 
dread  scourge,  the  small  pox.  A  pest  house  was  built  near  the 
premises  of  Richard  Varrell  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  old  Pest 
House  road  near  Bond's  Hill,  but  happily  the  disease  did  not  become 
epidemic.  In  this  year  at  a  town  meeting  the  committee  of  safety 
was  directed  to  let  the  lands  belonging  to  refugees  and  to  sell  their 
buildings,  indicating  that  there  must  have  been  a  number,  who  from 
various  causes,  sought  royalist  protection.  In  1778  small  pox  again 
prevailed  to  an  alarming  extent,  and  hospitals  were  built  in  various 
sections  of  the  town  to  accommodate  those  who  had  been  inoculated, 
although  this  form  of  treatment  was  at  first  vigorously  opposed  by 
the  citizens.  The  year  1779  was  characterized  by  the  reappearance  of 
this  disease,  spreading  on  every  side  to  an  unusual  degree.  In  fact, 
it  became  so  virulent  that  the  prejudice  against  inoculation  was 
overcome  and  the  practice  became  general.  The  social  condition 
of  the  town  grew  rapidly  worse,  although  the  community  met 
every  demand  and  furnished  its  proportion  of  men  and  clothing. 


82  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  year  1780  opened  gloomily.  Over  400  of  the  town's  best  men 
had  fallen  on  land,  perished  at  sea  or  in  prison.  The  people  were 
in  a  truly  woeful  condition,  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  population  being 
dependent  almost  wholly  on  charity.  The  paper  money  issued  by 
the  Continental  Congress  had  long  before  depreciated  extensively  in 
value  and  in  this  year  the  town  voted  to  borrow  $120,000  for  the  pur- 
pose of  furnishing  32  soldiers,  its  quota  for  six  months'  service 
in  the  Continental  army  and  $6,000  was  paid  to  three  men  who 
enlisted,  the  town  offering  that  sum  to  each  man  as  bounty  for 
the  remainder.  Over  $300,000  was  voted  in  this  year  to  pay  soldiers 
and  furnish  supplies  for  the  army.  In  1781,  the  town's  quota  for  the 
Continental  army  was  48  men  and  by  August  it  had  complied  with 
the  demand,  together  with  its  share  of  clothing  and  provisions  for 
the  army.  In  March,  1782,  the  ship  "Harriet,"  owned  by  David 
Pearce,  loaded  for  a  foreign  voyage,  was  boarded  during  the  night 
by  a  party  of  British  coast  skirmishers,  who  got  the  craft  under 
way.  The  owner,  on  arising  in  the  morning,  was  astonished  to 
see  his  ship  sailing  away  in  the  offing.  He  immediately  gave  a 
general  alarm  by  vigorously  ringing  the  church  bell,  collected  a 
large  force  of  volunteers,  and  gave  chase  in  the  ship  "Betsey,"  over- 
taking and  recapturing  the  Harriet  the  next  day  without  a  struggle. 
Light  winds  prevailed,  or  the  craft  would  probably  have  reached  a 
place  beyond  the  power  of  the  people  to  retake  her.  The  brig  of 
14  guns,  whose  crew  had  taken  the  merchant  ship  out,  was  also 
captured  and  brought  to  port  at  the  same  time.  Great  was  the 
rejoicing  of  those  on  shore  when  they  saw  the  Harriet  and  the  cap- 
tured brig  stand  up  the  harbor.  The  declaration  of  peace  between 
Great  Britian  and  the  United  States  reached  here  October  22, 
1783,  and  was  received  with  great  rejoicing.  An  enormous  oak 
some  23  feet  in  circumference,  was  standing  on  the  hill  at  Dun- 
can's Point  where  a  seven-gabled  stone  residence  has  been  built. 
To  this  the  people  repaired  and  illuminated  the  tree  in  honor  of  the 
great  occasion.  Thus  transfigured  in  its  old  age  it  became  a  prey  to 
waste  several  years  after.  In  1782,  Jacob  Allen,  town  treasurer,  was 
accused  of  irregularities  in  office,  and  was  superseded  by  Nehemiah 
Parsons.  Allen  turned  over  a  balance  of  $34,000  to  the  town  in  de- 
preciated paper  money  when  it  was  claimed  that  fully  one-half  the 
amount  was  due  in  silver.  An  attachment  was  put  on  his  estate  but 
the  matter  was  quietly  dropped. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  83 

The  pastor  of  the  First  Church  through  these  trying  times  was 
Rev.  Eli  Forbes,  D.  D.,  a  native  of  Westborough  and  a  graduate  of 
Harvard.  He  was  installed  June  5,  1776,  and  died  December  15, 
1804,  leaving  a  reputation  as  a  zealous  and  faithful  servant. 

RETURN    OF  PEACE. 

The  effects  of  privateering  oh  the  community  were  most  deplor- 
able. Indeed  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  history  of  the  business  in 
any  of  the  seaports  whose  citizens  were  engaged  in  its  pursuit. 
Briefly  stated,  the  many  risked  their  lives  for  the  gain  of  a  few ;  in 
Gloucester  the  Pearces  being  the  main  promoters  of  these  schemes. 
However,  the  war  left  no  other  avenue  of  employment  for  shipping 
and  sailors.  The  sum  total  of  British  ships  taken  during  the  Revo- 
lution by  the  combined  fleet  of  American  privateers  was  over  650, 
inflicting  a  severe  loss  to  the  British  mercantile  interests.  The 
desertion  of  that  part  of  the  village  known  as  Dogtown  was  no 
doubt  greatly  accelerated  by  the  enormous  drain  of  the  male  mem- 
bers of  that  section  who  shipped  aboard  the  privateers,  losing  their 
lives  beneath  the  waves  or  in  prisons,  leaving  mothers,  wives,  child- 
ren and  the  aged  in  dire  destitution  to  eke  out  an  existence  as  best 
they  could.  The  deserted  dwellings,  the  half-filled  cellars  marking 
their  site,  perpetuate  a  mournfully  pathetic  tale  to  those  who  follow 
local  annals  and  recall  vividly  the  sufferings  entailed  on  the  inno- 
cent by  the  operations  of  war. 

REVIVAL  OF  COMMERCE. 

Very  soon  after  peace  was  declared  foreign  commerce  began  to 
prosper  anew  mainly  with  the  British  West  Indies,  but  despite  the 
fact  that  a  treaty  of  peace  had  been  made  with  Great  Britian,  the 
latter  refused  to  enter  into  negotiations  for  a  commercial  treaty 
until  near  the  close  of  the  century,  although  the  United  States  was 
extremely  anxious  to  conclude  a  treaty  of  trade.  This  West  Indian 
traffic  was  by  far  more  profitable  than  any  other  branch  of  business 
pursued.  Just  after  the  Revolution  there  was  great  poverty,  the 
country  being  heavily  in  debt  with  an  almost  worthless  Continental 
paper  money.  As  before  the  Revolution  there  was  a  great  demand 
for  our  goods  in  the  British  West  Indies  because  we  could  supply 
them  more  cheaply  and  with  better  quality  than  any  other  nation. 
Then  again,  our  captains  had  made  friendships  with  the  merchants  of 
these  islands,  which  even  the  events  of  war  could  not  dissolve. 


84  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  Yankee  and  the  Englishman  in  the  islands  were  kith  and  kin 
and  congenial  in  business  relations.  Although  the  home  govern- 
ment passed  restrictive  navigation  acts  the  people  and  governors  of 
the  British  West  Indies  totally  ignored  these  laws  as  far  as  Ameri- 
can vessels  were  concerned  and  we  had  practically  free  entry  to 
their  West  Indian  ports.  It  was  the  duty  of  the  commanding  offi- 
cer of  the  British  fleet  stationed  there  to  see  that  the  navigation 
laws  were  enforced,  but  when  Nelson,  in  1783,  endeavored  to  break 
up  the  connivance  between  our  captains  and  the  British  custom  offi- 
cials he  met  with  such  determined  opposition  from  the  inhabitants  of 
the  islands  that  he  was  compelled  to  desist  from  his  attempts.  In- 
deed the  captains  of  American  vessels  which  he  had  taken,  aided 
and  abetted  by  the  merchants  of  the  islands,  brought  suit  for 
damages  against  Nelson,  on  the  ground  that  he  had  seized  their  ves- 
sels after  they  had  been  entered  by  the  custom  authorities,  and  so 
unpleasant  did  they  make  it  for  him  that  he  was  afraid  to  leave 
his  ship  for  eight  weeks,  fearing  arrest  on  a  civil  process.  There 
is  little  sentiment  in  trade  and  it  is  always  seeking  to  sweep  away 
restrictive  barriers  to  its  greater  freedom,  as  this  incident  of  history 
plainly  teaches. 

We  had  plenty  of  fish  and  produce  and  gladly  jumped  at  the  op- 
portunity to  renew  old  and  profitable  commercial  associations.  As  a 
result,  foreign  commerce  quickly  revived  and  obtained  an  importance 
it  had  never  before  reached.  In  1790,  as  a  result  of  the  condition 
above  outlined,  Gloucester  had  over  40  ships  and  schooners  employed 
in  this  interest,  the  amount  of  tonnage  registered  during  the  year 
under  the  acts  regulating  commerce,  being  4018  tons,  comprising 
four  ships,  nine  brigs,  23  schooners  and  seven  sloops.  For  the  next 
20  years  foreign  commerce  was  at  its  zenith  and  ships  belonging  to 
the  town  in  common  with  those  of  Salem,  Boston  and  other  New 
England  maratime  cities  visited  the  principal  European,  and  in  some 
cases  East  Indian,  ports,  besides  engaging  in  the  regular  traffic  with 
the  West  Indies. 

DIFFICULTIES  WITH  THE  FRENCH. 

France  and  the  United  States,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution, 
made  a  treaty  of  alliance,  whereby  the  latter  was  to  assist  the  former 
in  defending  her  West  Indian  possessions.  Between  1790  and  1800, 
France  and  England  were  at  war,  and  England  captured  those 
islands.  Instead  of  assisting  France,  our  government,  in  1794, 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  85 

•entered  into  a  commercial  treaty  with  Great  Britain.  This  greatly 
incensed  the  French.  They  charged  us  with  being  ingrates,  inas- 
much as  they  had  helped  America  achieve  her  freedom,  although  her 
assistance  was  rendered  more  from  a  desire  to  annoy  England  than 
any  abiding  faith  in  the  principles  for  which  the  colonists  were 
fighting.  Accordingly  she  entered  upon  a  course  of  reprisals,  and 
French  privateers  began  to  prey  upon  American  shipping.  Glouces- 
ter suffered  from  this  to  quite  an  extent,  seventeen  ships,  valued  with 
cargoes  at  $175,000,  being  taken.  In  1798,  the  relations  between 
the  American  and  French  governments  became  strained  in  conse- 
quence, and  when  hostilities  seemed  imminent,  fifty-two  men  of  Cape 
Ann  shipped  on  board  the  sloop  of  war  "Herald,"  to  participate  in 
what  was  thought  to  be  certain  war.  Happily,  another  conflict  was 
averted.  The  French  spoliation  claims  arose  from  these  depreda- 
tions, inflicted  prior  to  September  30,  1800.  Demand  was  made  by- 
the  United  States  on  France  for  indemnification,  but  the  latter  gov- 
ernment urged  as  a  set  off,  broken  faith  in  violating  the"  treaty  of 
alliance.  This  was  acknowledged  by  the  United  States,  and  it  was 
agreed  on  our  part,  to  assume  the  payment  of  all  claims  arising  from 
French  depredations,  and  the  matter  was  thus  settled.  Claimants 
have  frequently  petitioned  Congress  for  reimbursement.  Bills  to 
this  effect  passed  during  the  administrations  of  Polk  and  Pierce,  but 
were  vetoed.  Efforts  are  being  made  at  the  present  time,  by  the 
heirs  of  original  claimants,  for  the  allowance  of  these  sums  so  long 
unpaid  which  have  been  acknowledged  as  valid,  settlement  having 
been  made  in  a  few  cases,  and  it  is  probable  that  in  the  course  of 
time,  the  government  will  discharge  all  its  obligations  in  this  respect. 
During  the  warfare  the  French  cruisers  destroyed  over  1500  Ameri- 
can merchantmen  with  cargoes. 

Among  the  ships  taken  was  one  owned  by  David  Pearce,  the  cargo 
-of  which,  as  entered  at  the  Gloucester  custom  house,  was  valued  at 
$19,000.  He,  at  this  time,  was  considered  worth  nearly  $300,000, 
an  enormous  fortune  for  the  times.  This  proved  to  be  the  begin- 
ning of  a  series  of  reverses.  Shortly  after,  one  of  his  ships,  valued 
at  $10,000,  was  lost  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Misfortunes  came  thick 
and  fast,  reducing  him  from  affluence  to  poverty,  in  which  condi- 
tion his  last  days  were  passed. 

JOHN  MURRAY'S  PREACHING. 

A  notable  event  during  this  period  was  the  advent  of  the  Rev. 


86  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

John  Murray  in  town  and  his  vigorous  arraignment  of  the  tenets  so- 
dear  to  the  followers  of  John  Calvin  and  Jonathan  Edwards.  He 
came  to  Gloucester  in  1774,  and  amid  great  opposition  preached  the 
doctrines  of  Universalism,  founding  the  principles  which  he  preached 
as  firmly  as  the  granite  rock  of  the  storm-beaten  Cape.  Elsewhere 
will  be  found  a  more  extended  notice  of  this  noted  man  and  his 
work. 

SHAY'S  REBELLION.     CONSTITUTION    RATIFIED. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  Shay's  rebellion  in  Rhode  Island  in  1787,  a 
company  was  raised  by  a  vote  of  the  town  and  sent  to  the  front 
under  command  of  Capt.  John  Rowe,  but  the  insurrection  quickly 
subsiding,  the  troops  were  disbanded  some  six  months  after.  Decem- 
ber 1 8  of  the  same  year  Daniel  Rogers,  John  Low  and  William  Pear- 
son were  chosen  as  delegates  to  the  State  convention  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ratifying  the  Constitution  of  the  National  Government 
adopted  at  Philadelphia.  So  well  were  the  citizens  pleased  with  the 
services  of  their  delegation  and  all  it  implied  that  they  were  given  a 
grand  reception  and  banquet  at  Somes'  Tavern  on  Front  Street, 
which  was  a  notable  event  in  the  annals  of  even  that  hostelry 
famed  for  the  superior  excellence  of  the  punches  brewed  there. 

NEGRO    POPULATION. 

At  this  period  there  was  quite  a  number  of  negroes  held  here  as 
slaves,  nearly  three  hundred  in  number.  They  were  probably 
brought  here  from  Virginia  during  the  peroid  when  active  commer- 
cial intercourse  was  held  with  that  state  and  may  have  been  ex- 
changed for  merchandise.  Col.  Coffin  at  his  farm  at  Coffin's  Beach 
held  a  large  number  of  these,  as  did  Nathaniel  Ellery  and  other 
prominent  merchants  of  the  town.  Some  of  the  attics  of  the 
large  houses  were  fitted  up  with  slave  pens  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  blacks.  These  negroes,  as  was  characteristic  of  their  race,  were 
very  convivial  and  once  each  year  were  granted  a  holiday  when  they 
held  a  merry  carnival  at  the  Pine  Tree  Tavern  which  stood  on  the 
right  of  Western  Avenue,  about  100  yards  this  side  the  bridge. 
Slavery,  however,  did  not  flourish  in  northern  soil  and  shortly  after 
the  Revolution  the  negroes  disappeared.  But  two  families  of  the 
descendants  of  these  first  colored  people  reside  here,  in  West 
Parish,  to-day.  It  is  curious  to  note  that  since  that  time  Gloucester 
has  presented  no  attractions  for  the  colored  race,  and  the  two 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  87 

families  above  named  constitute  the  only  representatives  of  the 
race  who  have  lived  here  sufficiently  long  so  that  they  come  within 
the  category  of  permanent  residents.  Many  of  the  very  eldest 
remember  a  venerable  ex-slave,  Bacchus,  whose  appearance  was  a  ter- 
ror to  the  children  of  the  town  and  the  mere  mention  of  his  name 
has  lulled  many  a  restless  little  one  to  quietness  when  all  other  means 
had  failed. 

SELECTMEN.      POOR  HOUSES. 

In  the  early  days  of  our  town  government,  the  selectmen  held 
their  meetings  at  the  various  taverns  for  the  transaction  of  public 
business.  From  the  records  we  should  judge  the  dinners  and  drinks 
were  quite  an  event  in  connection  with  the  day.  Landlady  Judkins 
entertained  the  selectmen  in  the  first  part  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
the  amount  of  her  bill  in  1704  being  £it  which  the  town  voted  to 
pay.  After  her,  George  Harvey,  John  Day,  Thomas  Millett  and  John 
Stacy  severally  appear  to  have  furnished  entertainment  for  the 
town  fathers,  and  the  bill  appears  to  increase.  In  1740  James 
Stevens  furnished  the  refreshments  and  "  licker,"  his  tavern  being 
what  is  now  the  old  Ellery  house,  and  the  bill  was  about  four  pounds. 
After  that  time  these  bills  seem  to  have  been  unsatisfactory  to  the 
voters,  for  in  March,  1745,  it  was  voted:  "That  the  selectmen 
should  be  allowed  for  the  ensuing  year,  a  salary  of  £,$  for  doing  the 
town  business,  and  find  themselves."  All  of  the  above  taverns  were 
situated  "  up  in  town."  James  Broom  and  Jonathan  Ingersoll  also 
kept  houses  of  entertainment  in  those  days  on  Middle  Street.  Later, 
in  1749,  Mrs.  Mary  Perkins,  a  widow,  obtained  a  license  to  keep 
tavern  and  draw  spirits. 

The  first  poor  house  was  erected  by  the  town  in  1719,  but  was 
never  very  popular.  It  had  only  one  occupant,  Ruth  Miller,  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  was  called  her  house.  In  1733  the  town 
voted  to  instruct  its  selectmen  to  let  the  same,  and  board  out  the 
poor.  In  1748  the  expense  was  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
for  the  maintenance  of  seven  individuals.  In  1757  the  number 
boarded  had  increased  to  nine,  and  the  expense  was  about  two  hund- 
red dollars.  The  poor  were  annually  let  out  until  1796,  when  the 
almshouse  was  erected  on  Granite  Street,  which  served  the  town 
about  fifty  years,  until  the  present  structure  was  built. 
EVENING  OF  THE  CENTURY. 

The  man  who  viewed  the  town  from   East   Gloucester  in  1775  and 


88  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

in  1799,  would  probably  have  noted  no  material  difference  in  the 
general  outlook.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  three-quarters 
of  a  century  of  unceasing  prosperity  had  left  its  impress.  Cornhill, 
now  Middle  Street,  was  laid  out  in  1735  as  the  principal  street  of  resi- 
dences in  the  town.  After  1750  began  the  erection  of  those  large 
square  and  gambrel-roofed  edifices  so  much  affected  by  the  prosper- 
ous merchants  of  the  olden  time,  an  account  of  which  is  given  else- 
where. Indeed,  the  greater  part  of  the  substantial  looking  struct- 
ures, which  still  predominate  on  the  street  in  question,  were  erected 
before  the  Revolutionary  period.  The  war  cut  the  source  of  the 
town's  prosperity  sharply  off  for  the  time  being,  and  inflicted  a  blow 
from  which  it  was  just  beginning  to  recover  in  the  last  decade  of  the 
century.  But  the  hundred  years  of  progress  had  indeed  been  mar- 
vellous. Where,  at  the  beginning  of  the  century,  had  been  a 
thickly  wooded  plot,  was  a  thriving  town.  The  most  conspicuous 
objects  were  the  meeting  house  and  the  large  residences  of  the  mer- 
chants. In  those  days  these  houses  had  extensive  grounds  and 
terraces  ;  later,  these  areas  have  been  built  upon,  and  the  space 
closely  occupied.  For  example,  the  grounds  of  the  mansion,  now  the 
Gilbert  Home,  included  a  large  space  westward  and  southward  to  the 
Pavilion  and  the  sea,  with  fine  carriage  drives,  and  the  residences  on 
Middle  Street,  in  many  instances,  had  terraces  extending  to  Front 
Street,  while  the  houses  of  the  humbler  citizens  on  the  Back  and 
other  rear  streets,  smaller  gambrel-roofed  edifices  were  clustered  as 
reasonably  near  as  was  compatible  with  the  maintenance  of  a  gener- 
ous-sized kitchen  garden.  "  Up  in  town  "  were  erected  several  of 
those  large-sized  structures  by  the  more  prosperous  residents,  which 
still  remain.  While  the  houses  of  the  wealthy  classes,  large  and 
solidly  constructed,  still  stand,  the  smaller  dwellings  of  those  of 
humbler  station  have  fast  disappeared  before  the  march  of  improve- 
ment. Still  a  comparatively  accurate  picture  of  the  town's  appear- 
ance at  the  time  may  be  obtained,  if  one  will  eliminate  from  his 
mind  the  modern  structures  when  drawing  this  mental  picture.  The 
principal  wharves  were  located  in  the  harbor  cove,  the  great  scene  of 
marine  activity  being  centered  at  the  Pearce  wharf,  between  Boyn- 
ton's  coal  pocket  and  Andrew's  spar  yard.  Here  was  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  Pearces,  those  local  commercial  princes,  who  had  ventures 
in  every  sea,  and  whose  argosies,  richly  freighted  with  the  products 
of  two  hemispheres,  landed  the  stores  in  their  generously  propor- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


89 


tioned  warehouses,  and  here,  getting  down  to  a  lower  flight,  it  may 
be  mentioned  in  passing,  were  ample  facilities  used  for  converting 
the  cargoes  of  molasses  into  that  delectable  decoction,  New  England 
rum. 

With  the  exception  of  the  old  fort  but  one  wharf  and  building  of 
any  consequence  had  been  erected  on  Fort  Point.  From  Duncan's 
Point,  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  buildings  and  wharves  of 
the  Atlantic  Halibut  Company,  down  the  water  front  to  the  head 
of  the  harbor,  but  a  few  small  and  unpretentious  piers  met  the  eye. 
Two  or  three  large  firms  monopolized  the  commercial  business, 
their  wharves  being  centered  in  harbor  cove. 

Population  in  1765,  3762  ;  in  1775,  4945  ;  in  1790,  5317  ;  in  1799, 
about  5300. 


. 


90  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Frorri  1800  to  1860. 

SKETCH  OF  FRONT,  NOW  MAIN  STREET.  OPPOSITION  TO  THE  EM- 
BARGO ACT.  UNWELCOME  WAR  OF  1812.  ATTACK  ON  SANDY  BAY. 
PRIVATEERING.  SANDY  BAY  UNIVERSALISTS.  SPLIT  IN  THE 
FIRST  PARISH.  FORMATION  OF  THE  EVANGELICAL  CONGREGA- 
TIONAL SOCIETY.  THE  UNITARIAN  CHURCH.  S.LOW  GROWTH  IN 
POPULATION.  VIEW  IN  1817.  IN  1830.  FISHING  AND  COMMERCE. 
THE  DR.  MORIARTY  EPISODE.  HISTORY  OF  THE  FISHING  BOUN- 
TIES. FORTY  NINER'S.  ACCESSION  TO  POPULATION.  OLD  TRAIN- 
ING DAYS. 

ROUNDING  into  the  present  century,  we  may,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1800,  make  a  short  review  of  the  town  at  this  stage 
of  its  history.  Wonderful  indeed  were  the  changes  that  had  been 
made  during  the  past  hundred  years.  In  no  section  was  this  more 
marked  than  along  what  is  now  Main,  then  Fore  or  Front  Street, 
since  1700  the  principal  thoroughfare  of  the  town.  The  traveller 
through  its  precincts  in  the  latter  named  year,  would  have  plodded 
along  through  a  winding  and  thickly  wooded  lane,  the  only  residents 
at  whose  abode  he  would  have  tarried  to  exchange  friendly  greetings 
being  the  Babsons,  Princes,  Elwells  and  Collinses. 

If  his  years  had  been  prolonged  and  his  faculties  active,  enabling 
him  to  make  the  journey  once  more  through  its  length,  he  would 
have  failed  to  recognize  the  place  were  this  his  first  view  of  the  high- 
way since  1700  so  great  had  been  the  march  of  improvement, 

Our  present  Main  Street  was  the  first  avenue  laid  out  as  a  public 
highway.  According  to  the  old  town  records  of  Sept.  11,  1642,  "It 
is  ordered  that  the  highwaie  should  be  laide  out  through  the  lots  of 
Mr.  Fryer,  Walter  Tybbott  and  Hugh  Calkin,  who  shall  have  consid- 
eration out  of  Henry  Felch,  his  six  acres  of  hoed  ground,  for  that 
which  the  town  takes  from  them,  the  town  giving  Henry  Felch  such 
satisfaction  for  his  labors  as  is  thought  fit  by  four  men  as  are  chosen 
to  see  his  labor."  By  tracing  the  records  of  land  owned  it  appears 
that  this  was  Fore  or  Front  and  what  is  now  Main  Street,  and  was 
the  first  highway  laid  out ;  Back,  afterwards  High,  now  Prospect 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  91 

Street,  following  May  20,  1646.  There  are  no  ancient  houses  at 
present  standing  on  Main  Street.  The  march  of  progress  on  this, 
our  principal  business  thoroughfare,  has  not  allowed  the  few  old 
structures  which  escaped  the  flames  of  the  two  great  fires  to  remain. 

The  appearance  of  this  street  at  the  beginning  of  the  century 
was  substantially  as  follows :  Commencing  on  the  westerly  or 
Gilbert  Corner,  now  occupied  by  Bott  Bros.,  was  the  tavern  kept 
by  Jonathan  Low  who  furnished  entertainment  for  man  and  beast. 
A  large  stable  was  situated  in  the  rear  to  accommodate  the  stage 
business  which  he  established  in  1788.  Two  trips  were  made  to 
Boston  each  week.  This  was  quite  a  journey  to  undertake  in  those 
days  of  these  old  fashioned  lumbering  vehicles,  and  was  not 
accomplished  with  the  ease  with  which  we  of  to-day  step  into 
the  nicely  furnished  and  heated  steam  cars  and  are  landed  in  the 
Hub  in  about  80  minutes.  Then,  three  days  were  consumed  to  make 
a  business  trip  to  Boston,  now  easily  accomplished  in  ten  hours. 

The  tavern,  of  course,  was  the  principal  rendezvous.  At  night, 
the  citizens  assembled  in  the  spacious  bar-room  to  exchange  news, 
relate  jokes  and  experiences,  and  to  partake  of  a  mug  of  the 
famous  "flip,"  for  which  the  house  was  noted.  In  winter,  the 
large  fire-place  was  heaped  with  logs,  which  crackled  merrily  and 
threw  out  its  genial  warmth  upon  the  gathered  throng.  Mr.  Low, 
the  tavern  keeper,  died  in  1815.  He  witnessed  the  peace  procession 
at  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812,  after  which  he  affirmed  that  he 
should  die  happy  as  our  cause  had  been  successful  and  peace  reigned 
once  more.  The  house  was  carried  on  after  his  death  as  a  hotel  with 
but  indifferent  success,  and  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of 
1830.  Adjoining  the  tavern  was  a  two-story  gambrel-roofed  build- 
ing occupied  by  John  Logan,  as  a  bakery,  his  bread  being  carried  in 
paniers  on  horse  back,  a  baker's  cart  being  then  unknown.  Logan 
was  a  bachelor  and  was  assisted  by  his  sister  Peg,  who  "tended 
shop."  She  was  thrifty  and  shrewd  and  together  they  accumulated 
quite  a  sum  of  money  for  the  times.  A  similiar  building  came  next, 
occupied  by  James  Mansfield  junior,  who  kept  a  grocery  store.  Then 
came  an  alley-way  leading  to  the  wharf.  The  residence  of  James 
Mansfield,  a  two  and  one-half  story  building,  came  next.  To  the 
eastward  of  this  house  was  a  lane  leading  to  Long  Wharf  which  was 
the  scene  of  liveliness  in  those  days,  but  afterwards  fell  into  decay, 
and  is  now  the  easterly  part  of  Mansfield's  wharf.  Next  came  a  two- 


92  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

story  building,  the  residence  of  Cyrus  Stevens,  who  had  a  store  in 
the  lower  part  where  for  years  he  carried  on  the  hat  making  busi- 
ness. Then  came  a  three-story  building  owned  by  Zachariah  Stev- 
ens. Next  followed  the  large  house  and  shop  of  S.  &  G.  W.  Dexter 
and  a  small  two-story  house  belonging  to  Mrs.  Sally  Allen,  all  of 
which  were  wooden  buildings.  Where  the  Savings  Bank  edifice  is 
now  situated  was  a  large  flat  ledge  and,  close  at  hand,  was  a  black- 
smith's shop,  the  business  being  carried  on  for  years  by  a  man  named 
Gould.  A  large  three-story  house  was  afterwards  built  there  by  Dr. 
Coffin  which  was  rented  to  various  families. 

On  what  is  now  the  easterly  corner  of  Boynton's  wharf  stood  an 
old  building  occupied  by  Abel  Lincoln  as  a  cabinet  manufactory. 
From  this  building  to  the  corner  of  Porter  Street,  on  which  was  sit- 
uated the  residence  of  Eli  Stacy,  were  four  or  five  small  buildings, 
then  christened  Hell  Row.  All  of  these  went  in  the  fire  of  1830, 
except  the  Stacy  house,  which  was  originally  built  by  that  old 
time  merchant,  Capt.  David  Pearce,  and  is  now  standing  in  the  rear  of 
its  first  site,  occupied  by  the  Odd  Fellows'  building.  Several 
large  trees  in  the  yard  of  the  residence  arrested  the  progress  of  the 
flames.  The  residence  of  Abraham  Sawyer  and  the  Kinsman  house 
came  next  and  the  land  at  present  occupied  by  the  Center  and 
Rogers'  block  was  a  mowing  field.  On  the  corner  of  Sea  Street, 
now  Hancock,  was  a  small  gambrel-roofed  building  belonging  to 
Aunt  Mayo  and  by  her  occupied  as  a  grocery  store,  and  at  one  time 
used  by  Master  Saville  as  a  schoolhouse.  Aunt  Mayo  kept  an  as- 
sortment of  cake,  pies  and  beer  and  her  stock  found  a  ready  sale 
to  the  young  men  of  the  day,  as  she  had  four  charming  daughters 
who  constituted  quite  an  attraction.  In  the  course  of  time  they  all 
married  and  moved  away,  and  Aunt  Mayo,  in  her  last  years,  resided 
with  one  married  daughter  in  Boston,  at  which  city  she  died.  On 
the  opposite  corner  stood  a  small  building  erected  by  John  Dane 
and  utilized  by  him  as  a  shoemaker's  shop.  This  building  was 
removed  to  where  it  now  stands  on  Beacon  Street.  When  Captain 
Linzee  with  the  sloop  of  war  Falcon  bombarded  Gloucester  in 
August,  1775,  a  stray  shot  struck  this  building.  Mr.  Dane  was  a 
very  eccentric  man,  and  was  accustomed  to  keep  his  memorandum 
of  events  on  a  shingle.  In  time,  quite  a  pile  of  these  were  collected, 
which,  no  doubt,  would  be  very  interesting  reading  to-day. 

Below  this  small  building  was  a  large  old-fashioned  house  kept  by 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  98 

Mrs.  McCann,  and  used  as  a  recruiting  office  for  privateersmen  dur- 
ing the  war,  and  it  was  quite  a  resort  for  sailors  who  wished  to  obtain 
their  toddy.  In  later  years  it  was  owned  by  Jonathan  Parsons  who 
carried  on  the  baking  business.  Returning  to  Main  Street,  on  a  cor- 
ner of  a  lane  leading  to  the  wharf  was  a  long  gam brel- roofed 
house  occupied  by  William  Haskell,  and  on  the  other  corner  was  the 
James  Haskell  house  afterwards  owned  by  William  Williams  who 
conducted  an  ice  cream  and  confectionery  establishment.  Then 
came  a  building  which  at  one  time  was  the  residence  of  Joseph  Foster, 
who  built  a  residence  below  for  his  son  Benjamin.  Next  came  a 
three-story  house  which  was  kept  in  1750  as  a  tavern  by  Mrs. 
Mary  Perkins,  who  was  granted  a  license  by  the  town  to  sell  strong 
drink.  Below  was  a  small  building  at  one  time  occupied  by  Aunt 
Becca  Ingersoll,  barberess.  She  cut  the  hair  of  customers  with  great 
skill  and  if  her  razors  were  sometimes  dull  the  keenness  of  her 
tongue  furnished  in  some  degree  a  certain  compensation.  She  kept 
chalk  accounts  on  beams  and  it  is  said  that  when  the  building  was 
torn  down  Aunt  Becca's  chalk  scores  were  still  there.  Next  to  the 
Perkins  Tavern  was  Capt.  William  Pearson's  house,  and  then  came 
Fitz  Sargent's  residence  which  was  afterwards  moved  across  the 
street  and  used  as  a  tallow  chandlery  by  Mr.  Winchester.  Richard 
G.  Stanwood  finally  altered  it  into  a  dwelling. 

On  the  corner  of  Duncan  and  Main  Streets  was  Winthrop  Sar- 
gent's house,  afterwards  the  residence  of  his  son  Fitz,  who  was  en- 
gaged in  the  West  India  trade  and  owned  a  number  of  vessels,  among 
which  was  the  brig  Corp.  Trim,  a  very  fast  sailer  for  those  days.  In 
the  vicinity  of  Ferguson's  block  was  the  house  of  Ignatius  Sargent, 
afterwards  owned  and  improved  by  Theodore  Stanwood.  Next  to 
this  came  the  little  church  built  by  the  followers  of  that  noted 
divine,  Rev.  John  Murray,  who  as  much  as  any  one  man  was  instru- 
mental in  revolutionizing  the  religious  ideas  of  those  times.  Re- 
turning to  the  northerly  side  of  the  street  on  the  corner  of  Pleasant 
and  Main  Streets  was  a  dwelling  house  at  one  time  the  residence  of 
Capt.  Epes  Sargent,  collector  of  customs  who  had  an  office  in  this 
building.  In  the  rear  was  a  large  garden  filled  in  their  season  with 
choice  fruits  and  flowers.  The  Hon.  Robert  Rantoul  at  one  time 
resided  there,  and  it  was  afterwards  opened  as  a  public  place  by  John 
Peabody,  later  known  as  the  Webster  House.  Then  came  several 
buildings  owned  by  Capt.  Stanwood,  another  by  Mr.  Douglass  or  "  Old 


94  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Douglass,"  as  he  was  called,  a  painter  by  trade  and  he  monopolized 
about  all  the  business  in  this  line  at  the  time.  He  frequently  became 
intoxicated  and  at  such  periods  abused  his  better  half.  On  one  oc- 
casion Dr.  Pearson  being  in  the  vicinity  and  overhearing  the  trouble 
gave  him  quite  a  severe  lecture.  Douglass  heard  the  doctor  through 
and  as  he  was  about  to  leave  said,  "  Doctor,  I  hope  you  won't  charge 
anything  on  your  books  for  this  visit.  "  The  old  Somes  Tavern  was 
the  next  house  and  was  kept  by  Capt.  Benjamin  Somes  during  the 
war  and  for  years  following.  Capt.  Somes  received  his  title  from 
being  master  of  the  sloop  Swallow  engaged  in  carrying  freight  be- 
tween this  port  and  Boston.  He  was  nicknamed  "  Old  Toby."  It 
was  here  that  February  7,  1778,  the  notable  reception  was  given  the 
delegates  of  the  town  on  their  return  from  the  convention  at  which 
the  Constitution  of  the  National  Government  was  ratified.  The 
hotel  was  afterwards  occupied  by  Master  Johnny  Rogers  who  taught 
school.  The  next  residence  was  the  Friend  house,  and  then 
came  Deacon  Hubbard  Haskell's  residence  on  the  corner  of  Han- 
cock Street. 

On  the  opposite  corner,  now  the  site  of  Bergengren's  block  was 
a  very  ancient  building  occupied  by  David  Plummer.  It  was  said  to 
have  been  erected  by  Nathaniel  Ellery  and  was  the  house  in  which 
the  first  store  was  opened  in  Gloucester.  Then  came  a  two-story 
building  which  was  used  as  a  custom  house  for  many  years.  Capt. 
Samuel  Babson's  house,  then  Mr.  Hodgkins,'  who  kept  shop  in  his 
residence,  and  the  Dane  house  brings  us  to  the  "Old  Corner"  build- 
ing, originally  owned  by  Deacon  Kinsman,  who  was  a  joiner  by  trade 
and  had  his  shop  in  the  rear.  On  the  opposite  corner  was  the  Dr. 
Kittredge  residence.  The  doctor  was  quite  a  prominent  man  in  those 
times,  being  appointed  collector  of  the  port  in  1805.  Then  followed 
a  building  in  which  Aaron  Plummer  kept  store,  and  one  in  which 
Eliphalet  Davis  had  a  dry  goods  establishment,  then  one  which  was 
the  residence  of  Capt.  William  Warner  for  many  years.  Follow- 
ing  this  was  a  structure  owned  by  "  Uncle  Joe "  Sargent,  as  he 
was  called,  the  lower  part  being  occupied  by  Eldad  Prindall  and 
his  son  Eliakim,  who  carried  on  the  tailoring  business.  Their  shop 
was  a  little  below  the  ground,  and  was  reached  by  a  few  steps.  Next 
was  a  vacant  space,  part  being  used  as  a  common  thoroughfare  to 
Middle  Street,  until  Capt.  James  Babson's  residence  was  reached. 
Next  was  a  small  house  used  for  a  dry  goods  store  by  William  Dane, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  95 

and  a   long    gambrel-roofed    building,    the    dwelling    of    "  Dicky " 
Lincoln  with  a  grocery  store  in  the  lower  part. 

On  the  corner  of  Main  and  Short  Streets  was  the  residence  of 
Dr.  Coffin,  a  three-story  building  with  a  long  row  of  steps.  In  front 
was  a  large  garden.  He  had  an  extensive  practice  and  was  highly 
respected.  He  is  said  to  have  owned  the  first  piano  brought  into 
town,  and  his  house  was  the  resort  of  the  musical  people  of  those 
times.  The  Ober  dwelling  was  on  the  opposite  corner,  some  distance 
back  on  Short  Street,  and  then  a  vacant  space  until  the  shop  of 
Capt.  John  Low,  who  kept  West  India  goods  for  sale  was  reached. 
The  site  of  the  Mason  House  was  a  small  wooden  building  in  which 
Col.  James  Tappan  kept  a  grocery  store,  which  was  afterwards 
moved  to  the  rear,  when  the  present  brick  building  on  the  spot  was 
erected  during  the  year  1810.  The  erection  of  such  a  large  build- 
ing was  quite  an  event.  After  the  brick  hotel  was  erected,  Col.  Tap- 
pan  occupied  it  a  few  years,  when  he  removed  to  the  West  Parish 
and  engaged  in  farming,  the  building  passing  into  the  hands  of  Dr. 
Dale  and  then  to  Alphonso  Mason,  who  perished  by  the  burning  of 
the  steamer  Lexington,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  January  13,  1840. 
Since  that  date  the  hotel  has  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  a 
variety  of  names  and  proprietors.  This  brings  us  to  the  end  of 
Main  Street  of  to  day.  The  road  was  then  about  twenty -one  feet 
wide,  winding  along  the  shore,  this  width  having  been  established 
by  the  town  in  1698. 

The  space  in  front  of  the  Mason  House  and  the  tavern  was  called 
Market  Square,  and  was  the  principal  rendezvous  of  the  county 
marketmen  when  offering  their  produce  for  sale. 

The  death  of  Washington,  "  Father  of  his  Country,"  veiled  the 
community  in  gloom.  At  a  town  meeting  held  February  5,  1800, 
a  committee  was  chosen  to  wait  upon  Rev.  Eli  Forbes,  and  request 
him  to  hold  requiem  services  in  memory  of  the  deceased  patriot. 
On  the  22d,  Washington's  birthday,  the  church  was  draped  in 
mourning,  and  the  large  gathering  of  citizens  testified  to  the  depth 
of  the  common  bereavement. 

Rev.  Dr.  Forbes,  pastor  of  the  First  Parish  church,  died  in  1804, 
and  Rev.  Perez  Lincoln  of  Hingharn,  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  was 
chosen  as  his  successor.  He  served  acceptably  until  the  end  of 
1810,  when  lung  trouble  compelled  him  to  desist  from  work.  The 
disease  became  deep  seated,  and  he  died  in  his  native  town  in  June, 


96  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

181 1.  The  salary  of  the  parish  at  that  time  was  $1000.  There  was 
a  four  years'  interregnum  in  the  pulpit,  when  in  June,  1815,  Rev. 
Levi  Hartshorn,  of  Amherst,  N.  H.,  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth,  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  at  a  salary  of  $700.  He  was  twenty-six 
years  of  age  when  he  commenced  his  duties  here.  He  died  of  typhus 
fever  in  September,  1819,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  father.  He  was 
greatly  beloved  by  the  parish  and  community. 

OPPOSITION  TO  THE   EMBARGO  ACT. 

The  Embargo  Act  of  1808  was  bitterly  opposed  by  the  town, 
in  common  with  the  maratime  communities  of  New  England.  A 
meeting  was  called  to  consider  the  matter  in  August,  and  voted  to 
petition  the  President  to  suspend  the  act,  or  those  sections  relating 
to  Spain,  Portugal,  and  their  colonies,  as  it  interfered  with  the  com- 
merce with  those  countries.  A  deaf  ear  was  turned  to  this  appeal, 
much  to  the  distress  of  the  people.  Denunciatory  resolutions  con- 
cerning the  national  action  were  adopted  in  town  meetings,  but  the 
town,  with  the  others  along  the  coast,  was  forced  to  make  the  best 
of  the  situation.  Quite  a  number  of  the  fishing  boats  were  fitted 
out,  and  voyages  were  made  clandestinely  to  the  West  Indies. 
The  wonder  is  that  these  illegal  voyages  were  conducted  in  such 
little  craft,  none  of  which  were  over  twenty  tons,  and  some  much 
smaller.  Their  principal  cargo  was  fish,  and  the  owners  generally 
disposed  of  the  boat  with  the  cargo. 

In  1790,  by  the  government  census,  the  population  of  the  town 
was  returned  at  5,317,  showing  a  slight  gain  from  the  figures  in  1775, 
when  it  was  estimated  at  nearly  5000.  In  1800  the  United  States 
count  gave  5,313,  showing  no  increase  during  the  decade.  In  1810 
the  national  census  of  the  place  was  5,943,  and  in  1820  the  figures 
were  6,384.  These  statistics  tell  the  tale  of  the  prosperity  of  the 
place  during  any  given  period  very  intelligently.  The  distinguished 
French  scientist,  Cuvier,  has  said  that  if  he  had  but  one  bone  of  an 
animal  of  by-gone  ages  long  since  extinct,  he  could  draw  a  life-like 
appearance  of  the  creature.  Perhaps  this  saying  applies  no  more 
forcibly  to  a  local  historian  than  in  the  consideration  of  the  statistics 
of  population. 

At  the  first  establishment  of  the  government,  there  was  scarcely 
any  division  as  regards  local  politics.  With  the  advent  of  Jefferson's 
administration,  however,  came  a  parting  of  the  ways,  and  a  violent 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  97 

opposition  to  his  policy  arose.  The  early  political  controversies  are 
alluded  to  more  fully  in  the  special  article  on  the  custom  house  and 
post  office. 

UNWELCOME    WAR   OK    1812. 

The  war  of  1812,  declared  by  Congress  against  Great  Britain  was 
deemed  inopportune,  unnecessary  and  unjust.  The  people  still 
retained  a  vivid  remembrance  of  the  sufferings  entailed  during  the 
struggle  for  freedom  and  were  just  beginning  to  reap  the  full 
fruition  of  an  extended  peace.  They  publicly  denounced  the  men 
in  official  position  responsible  for  the  measures  leading  up  to  the  war. 
Unwise  or  unjust  in  opening  hostilities,  however,  a  war  adminis*- 
tration  always  attracts  strong  support,  and  the  government  received 
the  hearty  indorsement  of  that  large  class  who  are  for  "  my  coun- 
try, may  she  always  be  right,  but  my  country,  right  or  wrong." 
Therefore,  at  a  town  meeting  where  the  opposing  clans  mustered 
every  man  for  the  fray,  494  votes  were  cast  for  a  moderator  who  was 
against  the  war  policy,  to  401  for  a  candidate  who  championed  the 
acts  of  the  administration.  This  vote  was  a  fair  test  of  the  senti- 
ment of  the  town. 

War  meant  another  paralysis  of  the  town's  only  revenue,  that  from 
the  ocean,  and  a  long  and  slow  recovery  on  the  return  of  peace. 
However,  preparations  for  the  unwelcome  event  must  be  made. 
The  old  forts,  long  since  abandoned,  were  repaired,  quarters  erected, 
guns  placed  in  position,  a  supply  of  ammunition  secured,  and  two 
companies,  one  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Haskell, 
and  the  other  under  command  of  Capt.  Wiclger  of  Ipswich,  stationed 
at  the  Stage  Fort,  together  with  a  draughted  company  of  United 
States  regulars  under  command  of  Capt.  Abraham  Williams  at 
the  fort  erected  by  the  government. 

ATTACK  ON  SANDY  BAY. 

The  expected  happened  :  the  fisheries  and  commerce  were  well 
nigh  broken  up.  Vessels  were  apprehended  and  men  taken  prison- 
ers. The  British  ship  Nymph  cruising  in  our  waters  in  the  summer 
of  1813,  captured  quite  a  number  of  coasters  and  fishing  craft  which 
were  ransomed  by  their  owners  at  the  uniform  rate  of  $200  each. 
The  British  cruiser,  Commodore  Broke,  stood  into  Sandy  Bay  in 
August  of  the  same  year  and  when  near  the  shore  fired  a  broadside 
into  the  town.  The  men  of  the  village  soon  mustered  in  force  on 
the  Neck  and  trained  an  old  cannon  and  musketry  upon  the  cruiser 


98  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

so  effectually  that  her  captain  headed  to  sea  as  quickly  as  possible. 
This  act  of  bravery  on  the  part  of  the  people,  undoubtedly  saved  the 
village  from  being  pillaged  and  burned  or  prevented  the  exaction  of 
a  heavy  ransom.  In  1814  a  British  squadron  cruised  off  the  coast 
and  so  alarmed  the  people  that  fear  of  pillage  induced  many  tore- 
move  their  more  valuable  property  to  inland  villages  for  safe  keeping. 

A  British  cruiser  appeared  off  Squam  harbor  in  June  of  that  year, 
and  sent  barge  loads  of  sailors  to  destroy  the  small  coasting  and 
fishing  craft  anchored  there.  A  lime  coaster  was  set  on  fire,  two 
schooners  loaded  with  fish  taken  and  one  sloop  sunk.  The  com- 
mander however  showed  some  consideration  in  sparing  the  sloops  of 
two  fishermen  of  the  place,  at  their  earnest  solicitation.  A  coaster 
laden  with  flour  was  driven  ashore  on  Eastern  Point  by  one  of  the 
enemy's  frigates,  but  the  latter's  crew  were  prevented  from  landing 
and  securing  or  destroying  their  prize  by  the  activity  of  Col.  Apple- 
ton,  the  commander  of  the  Gloucester  regiment  of  militia  who  were 
promptly  on  the  scene.  Another  schooner  was  driven  ashore  on 
Norman's  Woe,  but  although  the  soldiery  hastened  to  the  relief  of 
the  craft,  she  was  successfully  gotten  off  and  carried  aw&y  by  the 
enemy. 

On  the  8th  of  September  of  that  year  the  British  frigate  Nymph, 
took  one  of  the  fishing  boats  belonging  to  Sandy  Bay.  Coming  to 
anchor  at  night  near  the  town,  thick  fog  prevailing  at  the  time,  two 
barge  loads  with  muffled  oars,  with  the  skipper  of  the  captured  boat 
fora  pilot,  rowed  silently  ashore.  One  barge  landed  at  Long  Cove, 
surprised  and  captured  the  sentinel,  made  prisoners  of  the  small  gar- 
rison, spiked  and  dismantled  the  guns.  The  second  barge's  crew 
proceeded  to  land  on  the  western  side  of  the  Neck  when  they  were 
observed  by  a  sentinel  about  daybreak.  He  immediately  gave  the 
alarm  by  ringing  the  church  bell.  The  members  of  the  local  com- 
pany, the  Sea  Fencibles  gathered  quickly  at  the  spot  and  directed  a 
fire  of  musketry  at  the  barge,  the  latter  returning  a  fusilade  of  grape 
shot.  No  injury  was  effected  on  either  side.  In  order  to  silence 
the  alarm  bell  the  barge  crew  fired  a  solid  shot  at  the  belfry  of  the 
church.  The  ball  took  effect  in  one  of  the  timbers  of  the  steeple. 
The  recoil  of  the  gun,  however,  started  the  timbers  of  the  boat  to 
such  a  degree  that  it  began  to  fill  rapidly  with  water.  There  was  no 
alternative.  The  men  were  obliged  to  land,  their  boat  sinking  just 
as  they  reached  the  shore.  The  officers  and  some  of  the  men  ran 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  90 

across  the  Neck  and  jumping  into  a  boat,  made  good  their  escape. 
The  remainder  were  taken  prisoners.  The  barge  load  that  had  cap- 
tured the  fort,  deemed  it  prudent,  in  view  of  the  constantly  increas- 
ing force  to  put  back  to  their  cruiser.  In  the  meantime  the  news 
had  reached  Gloucester,  and  Col.  Appleton,  with  1500  men,  was  soon 
on  the  spot,  but  not  in  season  to  take  part  in  the  fray.  An  exchange 
of  prisoners  was  contemplated  but  Col.  Appleton  would  not  consent 
to  this  arrangement.  He  detailed  a  squad  to  take  charge  of  the 
captured  men  until  they  could  be  removed,  but  anxious  for  the  re- 
turn of  their  townspeople  held  on  board  the  frigate,  a  number  of  the 
villagers  disguised,  rescued  the  British  prisoners  and  made  the  ex- 
change. Another  frigate  appeared  off  the  place  a  few  days  after- 
wards, but  on  the  appearance  of  Col.  Appleton  and  his  force  with- 
drew. The  outcome  of  the  matter  was  that  the  captain  of  the 
Nymph  promised  that  the  fishing  boats  would  not  be  molested  while 
engaged  in  fishing  during  the  rest  of  the  season,  and  to  his  credit 
let  it  be  said  he  kept  faith  with  the  townspeople. 

PRIVATEERING. 

The  old  privateering  spirit  was  revived,  and  this  was  the  only  ven- 
ture of  the  town  on  the  seas  during  the  war.  The  first  vessels  fitted 
out  were  two  pinkey  boats,  the  Madison  and  Little  Madison.  The 
Madison  was  commanded  by  Capt.  William  Parsons  and  took  two 
prizes  on  her  first  voyage,  one  an  English  ship  loaded  with  govern- 
ment stores  and  a  ship  with  a  cargo  of  lumber.  The  second  voyage, 
however,  was  unsuccessful.  The  Swordfish  was  another  cruiser  of 
100  tons,  owned  in  shares  and  commanded  by  Joseph  Foster.  He 
captured  two  vessels,  one  of  which  was  retaken  and  the  other  aban- 
doned. Foster  was  succeeded  in  command  by  Capt.  Evans  of  Salem 
but  the  craft  was  captured  soon  after  leaving  port  and  the  crew  sent 
to  Dartmouth  prison.  The  Thrasher,  mounting  14  guns,  Capt.  Wil- 
liam Parsons,  took  one  prize,  the  Tar  Abbey,  loaded  with  fish,  which 
was  purchased  by  Capt.  Mackey  and  James  Mansfield  who  had  the 
name  altered  to  the  Strong,  the  craft  being  put  into  the  merchant 
service.  Capt.  Robert  Evans  took  charge  of  the  Thrasher  on  the 
second  voyage  and  captured  a  valuable  prize,  an  East  Indianman, 
whose  captain  was  unaware  of  any  declaration  of  war.  This  feat 
was  accomplished  within  sight  of  the  British  fleet.  An  English 
frigate  started  in  pursuit,  overtook  and  overpowered  the  Thrasher 
and  her  crew.  The  vessel  was  sent  to  Gibraltar  and  the  crew  to 


100  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Dartmouth  prison.     It  is  said  that  if  the  captain   of  the  Thrasher 
had  used  good  judgment  he  could  have  escaped  with  his  prize. 

The  brig  Pickering  of  this  port  was  taken  by  a  British  frigate  and 
sent  to  Halifax  with  a  prize  crew.  When  near  the  latter  port,  how- 
ever, her  Capt.  Elias  Elwell,  devised  a  scheme  through  which  he  re- 
captured his  craft  and  brought  her  safely  home  to  port. 

But  few,  if  any  of  the  actors  in  these  stirring  scenes  of  local  his- 
tory survive.  The  writer  had  the  pleasure  of  an  extended  conversa- 
tion with  one  of  these  veterans  a  few  years  since,  Mr.  Thomas 
Thompson,  who  at  his  home  in  Rockport  chatted  very  pleasantly 
concerning  his  experiences.  He  recollected  very  well  the  stirring 
scenes  at  the  Neck,  being  one  of  the  company  of  Sea  Fencibles  en- 
gaged in  the  defence  of  the  town  on  that  memorable  day.  His 
reminiscences  of  privateering  of  that  date  are  quite  interesting  and 
are  here  given  substantially  in  his  own  language.  After  recounting 
the  deeds  at  the  Neck  he  said : 

"  Shortly  after  this  took  place  I  shipped  aboard  the  privateer  Or- 
lando of  Gloucester,  to  prey  on  the  enemy's  commerce.  We  went 
out  in  her,  and  somewhere  near  the  Grand  Banks  captured  a  topsail 
schooner  from  Jamaica  and  put  a  prize  crew  aboard.  We  had  not 
been  aboard  of  her  twelve  hours  when  it  set  in  thick  fog.  During 
the  time  we  thought  we  heard  the  rustling  of  a  vessel's  sails,  and 
soon  voices  could  be  distinguished.  The  fog  lifted  up  a  bit  and  dis- 
closed an  English  frigate  close  alongside.  They  soon  had  their  boats 
out  and  our  prize  was  retaken ;  we  were  carried  aboard  and  put  down 
in  the  lower  hold  and  the  gratings  fastened  down  over  the  hatchway. 
There  was  also  another  frigate  accompanying  her. 

"This  was  on  Friday  and  the  two  ships  were  cruising  on  the 
American  shore.  The  recaptured  prize  was  sent  to  Halifax.  On 
the  following  Saturday  the  ship  struck  on  the  Brazil  rocks  off  Cape 
Sable  and  began  to  fill  rapidly  with  water.  The  hatchways  were 
knocked  off  and  the  prisoners  clambered  to  the  decks,  and  victors 
and  vanquished  with  common  zeal  did  everything  to  save  them- 
selves. The  ship  could  not  sink  below  the  deck,  however,  because  the 
rock  upon  which  she  lay  prevented  her  foundering. 

"  It  was  thick  fog  at  the  time,  and  the  companion  ship  had  come 
to  anchor  near  by.  We  cut  away  her  rigging  and  let  the  masts  go 
over  the  side,  and  hove  her  guns  overboard.  We  fired  minute  guns 
as  signals  of  distress,  and  the  boats  of  both  ships  were  soon  en- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  101 

gaged  ferrying  the  crew  of  the  wrecked  ship  to  her  companion. 
Each  vessel  had  100  men  for  crew,  with  100  prisoners.  We  were 
carried  into  Halifax,  not  into  the  harbor,  but  up  a  river  which  runs 
to  the  westward  of  the  city  and  up  at  the  head  of  the  river  is  a  great 
basin  of  water ;  in  the  center  of  the  basin  was  an  island  on  which  a 
prison  was  built.  We  were  marched  up  there  by  the  soldiers,  carried 
into  a  counting-room  and  every  name  taken  down.  There  were  1600 
American  prisoners  there  then  and  about  500  Frenchmen.  They 
were  parted  off,  the  Frenchmen  living  in  one  end  and  the  Americans 
in  the  other.  The  officers  lived  in  the  attic.  When  we  were  cast 
away  we  lost  everything  we  had  but  what  we  stood  in  and  that  was  a 
very  slim  costume  I  assure  you.  The  water  around  the  island  flowed 
into  the  prison  and  we  used  to  go  down  and  take  our  shirts  off,  wash 
and  hang  them  up,  and,  stripped  to  the  skin,  watch  them  until  they 
were  dry  and  then  put  them  on  again. 

"  We  were  there  60  days,  and  they  were  pretty  lively  days,  too. 
The  officers  organized  a  band  of  music,  and  they  would  go  upon  a 
platform  and  deliver  patriotic  orations.  Once  in  a  while  the  music 
would  strike  up  'Yankee  Doodle,'  to  the  great  amazement  of  the 
soldiery.  You  know  the  Constitution  sank  the  Guerriere,  and  the 
crew  of  the  latter  was  taken  to  Boston.  A  ship  from  the  latter  port 
exchanged  507  prisoners,  among  whom  were  the  Guerriere's  crew, 
after  which  we  came  to  Boston. 

"I  came  home  and  stayed  a  few  days,  then  went  to  Gloucester 
again  and  shipped  aboard  the  Macedonia,  a  schooner  privateer  of 
about  300  tons.  She  carried  one  24-pounder,  mounted  on  a  pivot 
amidships,  and  12  nine-pounders.  The  24  was  mounted  about  six 
feet  high.  On  the  carriage  there  were  four  falls.  When  not  in  use 
the  gun  laid  on  deck,  but  when  wanted  we  hoisted  it  by  the  falls  to 
its  position  with  the  aid  of  a  white  oak  beam. 

"We  had  orders  to  burn,  sink  and  destroy.  We  took  a  new 
schooner  bound  to  England,  which  we  burned.  We  captured  a  ship 
in  ballast,  bound  to  the  Provinces,  and  we  scuttled  her  because  she 
would  sink  easily.  After  the  crew  came  aboard  they  said  there  were 
2O  cannon  under  the  ballast.  Then  we  took  another  ship  loaded 
with  Newfoundland  dried  codfish.  We  then  had  so  many  prisoners 
aboard  that  we  made  a  cartel  of  her,  putting  the  prisoners  on  board 
and  let  them  go  off  where  they  wanted  to.  We  captured  and  de- 
stroyed quite  a  number  of  small  vessels.  Then  we  took  a  ship 


102  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

named  the  Somerset  of  Bristol,  England,  bound  home,  loaded.  I  was 
put  on  board  as  one  of  the  prize  crew.  We  were  aboard  of  her  20 
days  and  we  had  a  hard  time,  experiencing  head  winds  all  the  while 
making  but  little  progress.  During  the  last  gale  the  ship  was 
knocked  down.  We  were  laying  under  a  storm  stay-sail  at  the  time. 
I  was  on  deck  and  on  looking  up  saw  a  sea  coming  almost  overhead. 
I  jumped  into  the  hatchway  and  hauled  the  slide  over.  The  force  of 
the  sea  hove  the  vessel  down  almost  on  her  beam  ends,  swept  the 
decks  clear,  tore  away  the  railing  and  broke  off  the  gratings  which 
were  oak  standards.  It  looked  as  though  the  ship  would  never  right, 
and  as  if  all  on  board  were  doomed.  All  stayed  below  till  finally  the 
ship  began  to  right  and  we  came  on  deck.  We  repaired  things  as 
best  we  could.  Not  even  a  belaying-pin  was  left,  the  sea  having 
made  a  clean  sweep.  In  a  few  days  we  were  retaken  again  by 
an  English  frigate  and  carried  to  Portsmouth,  England,  and  put 
aboard  a  prison-ship,  where  we  were  kept  70  days  after  peace  had 
been  declared.  Captain  William  Rogers  of  Gloucester  was  in  com- 
mand and  he  went  to  London  before  the  courts  and  got  his  ship  and 
crew  clear,  as  she  had  been  captured  after  peace  had  been  declared. 
We  got  under  way  and  sailed  for  Boston  and  then  I  came  to  Rock- 
port.  The  rest  of  my  life  I  have  followed  the  sea. 

"  When  we  got  to  Boston  I  started  about  the  middle  of  the  day 
over  the  road  for  home,  and  walked  all  day  till  night,  till  I  reached 
Deacon  Poole's  rock  in  Rockport.  It  was  midnight  and  the  clock 
was  striking  12.  Since  then  my  way  in  life  has  been  in  more  peace- 
ful scenes,  following  the  sea  till  recent  years." 

Peace  came  in  1815,  the  news  reaching  the  town  in  February.  As 
in  the  Revolution  its  advent  was  joyfully  hailed,  the  people  at  the 
harbor  holding  a  gratification  meeting,  if  the  term  may  be  coined,  in 
the  First  Parish  Church,  when  the  old  walls  of  the  edifice  resounded 
with  exultation  and  rejoicing  quite  unusual  and  unlike  the  decorous 
services  to  which  it  had  been  consecrated.  A  peace  ball  was  held  a 
short  time  afterwards,  when  people,  regardless  of  political  afHiations,. 
met  once  more  on  common  ground,  and  joy  was  unconfined. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  these  privateering  ventures  were  very  unsuc- 
cessful and  these  losses  effectually  crushed  out  any  further  desire  ta 
embark  in  this  business. 

SANDY  BAY  UNIVERSALISTS. 

Murray's  teachings  were  spreading  and  taking  root.     A  Universa- 


fflSTOXY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  103 

list  society  was  organized  February  7,  1821  at  Sandy  Bay.  Rev. 
Thomas  Jones  from  the  harbor  and  other  preachers  supplied  the  pul- 
pit. In  conjunction  with  another  religious  body  they  erected  a  house 
of  worship,  but  litigation  arose  as  to  tenancy  and  ownership,  and  the 
society  were  deprived  by  law  of  its  rights  in  the  edifice.  In  1829  it 
erected  a  new  meeting  house  and  has  since  had  a  prosperous 
growth. 

SPLIT  IN  THE  FIRST  PARISH. 

After  the  death  of  Rev.  Mr.  Hartshorn  there  was  an  interval  of 
six  years  before  the  First  Church  had  a  settled  pastor.  During  this 
period  one  of  those  religious  waves  which  agitate  the  theological 
sea  arose  in  New  England.  Its  effects  were  perceptible  in  Glouces- 
ter, and  the  old  historic  church,  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  Calvinism, 
was  rent  in  twain  by  the  conversion  of  many  of  the  parish  to  the 
Unitarian  belief.  Rev.  Hosea  Hiklreth  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church,  August  3,  1825.  He  was  born  in  Chelmsford  in  1782  and  grad- 
uated from  Harvard  in  1805.  Although  thoroughly  equiped  in  every 
respect  for  a  successful  pastorate,  yet  the  disintegrating  forces  alluded 
to  sapped  the  vitality  of  church  work  and  prevented  anything  like 
concerted  religious  endeavor.  Membership  fell  off  and  dissatisfac- 
tion prevailed.  Finally  he  asked  to  be  relieved  of  any  further  con- 
nection with  the  society  and  the  request  was  granted  December  31, 
1833.  He  died  in  1835.  Two  of  his  sons,  Richard,  the  eldest,  author 
of  the  History  of  the  United  States,  and  Charles  H.,  a  physician 
who  settled  in  town,  were  men  of  marked  literary  ability.  The 
latter  died  May  18,  1884,  aged  57  years.  He  was  a  leader  in  social 
and  political  concerns  of  the  town,  serving  acceptably  on  the  school 
board  for  years,  and  died  lamented  and  respected  by  the  community. 
His  picture  hangs  in  the  room  of  the  school  committee. 

The  next  minister  of  the  First  Parish  was  Rev.  Luther  Hamilton, 
who  was  a  staunch  Unitarian,  the  greater  part  of  the  parish  holding 
the  same  views.  A  majority  of  the  church,  however,  were  Calvinists. 
A  controversy  arose  and  the  church  party  voted  that  all  connec- 
tion between  church  and  parish  should  be  severed.  Mr.  Hamilton 
was  installed  November  12,  1834,  closing  his  ministry  here  about  a 
year  after. 

EVANGELICAL  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH. 

Meanwhile  the  dissenters  had  formed  a  new  church,  on  November 
18,  1829,  the  society  being  formed  March  13,  1830,  Andrew  Parker 


104  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

and  Nathaniel  Babson  being  the  prime  movers.  These  took  the 
name  of  the  Evangelical  Society,  their  first  pastor  being  Rev.  Charles 
S.  Porter  who  was  ordained  August  I,  1832  serving  until  1835. 
He  was  followed  in  the  latter  year  by  Rev.  Christopher  Nickels. 
He  served  12  years,  being  succeeded  in  1848  by  Rev.  James  Aiken, 
he  in  turn  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Hatch,  1853  to  1856;  Rev.  Lysander  Dick- 
erman,  1858  to  1860;  Rev.  I.  C.  Thacher,  1860  to  1871  ;  Rev.  F.  B. 
Makepeace,  1873  to  1877;  Rev.  A.  H.  Quint,  D.  D.,  1877  to  1878; 
Rev.  J.  O.  Means,  D.  D.,  1878  to  1879;  Rev.  F.  G.  Clark,  1879  to 
1888  ;  Rev.  R.  P.  Hibbard  1888  and  at  the  present  time. 

The  first  meeting  house  of  this  society  was  built  on  the  site 
of  the  present  commodious  structure  on  the  corner  of  School  and 
Middle  Streets. 

THE  UNITARIAN  CHURCH. 

The  First  Parish,  weakened  in  numbers,  but  united  in  spirit,  com- 
prised strong  Unitarians.  They  chose  as  a  successor  to  Mr.  Ham- 
ilton, Rev.  Josiah  K.  Waite,  1837  to  1849;  in  turn  succeeded  by 
Rev.  William  Mountford,  1850  to  1853  ;  Rev.  Robert  P.  Rogers, 
1854  to  1869;  Rev.  Minot  G.  Gage,  1870  to  1878;  Rev.  John  S. 
Thompson,  i879to  1884;  Rev.  John  B.  Green,  1885  to  1890.  At 
the  present  time  Mr.  Green's  successor  has  not  been  appointed. 

In  1830  the  first  great  fire  in  the  town's  history  was  experienced 
which  is  treated  at  length  under  the  chapter  on  fires. 

SLOW  GROWTH    IN    POPULATION. 

The  population  in  1810  was  5,943;  in  1820,6,384;  in  1830,  7,510; 
which  included  the  entire  cape.  Jn  1840  when  Rockport  was  set 
off  as  a  town  the  population  of  Cape  Ann  was  9000  of  which  6,350 
was  included  in  Gloucester  and  2,650  in  Rockport;  in  1850  the  pop- 
ulation had  increased  to  7,786  and  by  the  state  census  in  1855,  had 
8,935  inhabitants  and  Rockport  3,498.  It  will  thus  be  seen  by 
these  figures  that  from  1810  to  1846  the  increase  of  population  was 
quite  small,  outside  of  what  would  be  expected  in  the  natural  course 
of  events.  At  that  period,  what  is  now  known  as  Rockport  was 
undergoing  the  most  vigorous  growth. 

VIEW  IN  1817. 

A  sketch  of  the  town  in  1817,  was  drawn  by  Capt.  John  Beach,  from 
a  point  in  the  harbor  opposite  Ten  Pound  Island,  off  Pavilion  Beach. 
Standing  out  prominently  in  the  foreground  was  an  eight-sided 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  105 

wooden  windmill  erected  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Pavilion 
Hotel.  This  had  been  built  in  1814  by  Ignatius  Webber,  and  its 
long  arms,  fitted  with  sails,  made  it  a  conspicuous  object,  and  gave 
the  town  quite  a  foreign  aspect.  It  was  subsequently  removed  to  a 
position  on  Fort  Square,  where  it  became  a  familiar  landmark,  being 
destroyed  by  fire  several  years  ago.  Running  along  Pavilion  Beach 
from  the  windmill,  a  narrow  passage  only  intervening,  and  extending 
nearly  to  the  public  mall,  was  a  long  rope  walk  which  had  been 
built  by  Capt.  Webber  and  Aaron  Plummer  in  1803.  Conspicuous 
in  the  view  on  this  side  of  the  fort  were  two  large  houses,  one  with 
a  gambrel  roof,  then  used  as  the  residence  of  prominent  people 
now  long  since  given  over  to  tenement  house  purposes,  with  no 
reminder  of  past  glories.  The  church  steeples  were  also  prominent. 
The  Universalist  edifice,  as  it  stands  now,  the  old  First  Parish  church, 
with  its  pagoda  like  steeple,  and  the  old  Collins  school  house,  stand- 
ing on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  building  of  the  same  name,  and 
the  pride  of  the  town,  Tappan's  Hotel,  were  among  the  more  notice- 
able features.  The  large  square  and  gambrel-roofed  structures  along 
Middle  Street,  also  stood  out  conspicuously  and  altogether 
showed  the  town  at  its  bravest  from  the  harbor.  The  most  prom- 
inent object  on  Fort  Point  Hill  was  the  whitewashed  ramparts  of 
the  old  fortification.  A  considerable  cluster  of  evergreen  trees  stood 
on  what  is  now  Commercial  Street,  spared  monuments,  even  at  that 
day,  of  the  woodman's  axe. 

IN  1830. 

In  1830  the  view  was  substantially  unchanged,  with  the  exception 
that  the  old  First  Parish  church  had  two  years  previously  been  torn 
down,  and  the  present  structure,  with  its  square  English  like  tower, 
immediately  erected.  The  Baptists  in  .1822  had  also  erected  a  meet- 
ing house  which  appeared  in  the  landscape.  The  increase  of  popu- 
lation, as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  figures  given,  was  very 
small  during  that  period,  consequently  building  operations  were  on 
a  limited  scale. 

Along  the  water  front  in  the  years  1825  to  1835  there  was  a 
noticeable  change.  Instead  of  three  or  four  large  establishments, 
others,  encouraged  by  the  fisheries,  had  begun  to  erect  modest 
wharves  and  store  houses.  Beginning  at  Fort  Point,  there  was  a 
tumbledown  wharf  owned  by  Gorham  Parsons,  and  farther  on  was 
the  caulking  and  graving  establishment  of  the  Gaffney  Bros.,  then 


106  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

came  the  fishing  establishment  of  Ellery  &  Gaffney.  Mechanic's 
wharf,  now  occupied  by  L.  B.  Nauss,  was  the  headquarters  of 
Proctor  &  Johnson,  Samuel  Gilbert,  on  the  present  town  landing, 
James  Mansfield  &  Sons,  the  oldest  firm  in  the  business,  at  the 
present  location,  Zachariah  Stevens  and  others  came  in  turn,  until 
Central  wharf,  recently  Porter's,  the  scene  of  lively  distilling  opera- 
tions, was  reached,  William  Parsons,  Jr.,  John  Smith  and  F.  S.  Low 
at  the  head  of  the  Cove  followed,  then  came  John  Honnor's. 
Three  or  four  minor  establishments  were  passed  ;  Samuel  Caswell 
had  a  wharf  at  Vincent's  Cove,  Caswell  &  Leighton  had  quite 
a  fleet  fitting  from  their  place  at  Vincent's  Point,  while  Brown  & 
Woodbury  did  a  lively  business  on  the  large  tract  now  occupied  by 
John  Pew  &  Sons.  Farther  down,  near  Tocld's  coal  wharf,  was 
another  large  fishing  outfitting  establishment,  Richard  Friend  & 
Sons.  Then  came  Epes  Marchant,  at  what  is  now  the  property  of 
Sylvanus  Smith  &  Co.,  William  Parkhurst,  at  the  head  of  the  harbor, 
Daniel  Sayward  &  Sons,  at  Sayward  Bros.,  and  at  East  Gloucester, 
Benjamin  Parsons,  John  Wonson,  Giles  &  Wonson,and  a  few  others. 
Altogether  there  were  owned  over  100  fishing  craft,  the  majority 
of  which  were  pinkeys  averaging  forty  tons,  costing  about  $1700 
each.  The  growth  of  the  town  was  steady,  the  fisheries  and  foreign 
commerce  up  to  1860  were  pursued,  although  the  large  profits  of 
ante  and  post  Revolution  days  were  no  longer  made.  Yet  the  wealth 
secured  in  the  early  periods  named,  had,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
been  well  invested,  the  descendants  of  the  sailors  on  the  merchant- 
men were  now  branching  out  in  the  fishing  business  for  themselves, 
and,  generally  speaking,  prosperity  reigned. 

Refinement  usually  accompanies  wealth,  especially  in  the  second 
generation,  and  lyceums,  public  entertainments  of  a  high  character, 
were  encouraged  and  fostered.  Many  of  the  prominent  features  of 
social  life  between  1830  and  1860  will  be  found  treated  elsewhere 
under  special  chapters. 

FISHING  AND    COMMERCE. 

During  the  first  half  of  the  present  century,  there  was  a  gradual 
decline  in  the  fisheries  so  much  so  that  the  once  important  Bank 
fishery  had  almost  been  abandoned,  and  for  some  years,  less  than 
a  half-dozen  vessels  were  engaged  in  this  business.  The  high 
prices  paid  for  fish  after  the  Revolution,  during  the  wars  between 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  107 

England  and  France,  when  a  dried  fish  sold  on  the  continent  for  a 
French  crown,  $1.20,  it  being  used  largely  for  army  supplies,  no 
longer  prevailed.  Low  prices  and  various  causes  operated  on  the 
fishing  industry,  which  gradually  assumed  smaller  proportions.  The 
principal  branches  were  the  shore  cod  fisheries,  and  mackerel  catch- 
ing, which  then  began  to  be  profitably  pursued. 

The  attention  of  our  merchants  was  directed  almost  exclusively 
to  foreign  commerce,  and  Gloucester  ships  bore  the  stars  and  stripes 
to  all  quarters  of  the  globe.  This  business  increased  until  it 
became  of  great  importance  to  the  town.  The  principal  firms  were 
those  of  Daniel  Rogers,  David  Pearce,  Winthrop  Sargent,  and  others. 
In  1825  the  two  large  firms  of  Winthrop  Sargent  and  William 
Pearce  &  Sons  made  business  lively.  In  1827  Mr.  Sargent  imported 
sixteen  cargoes  from  foreign  ports.  In  1829  he  failed,  and  it  was 
a  serious  blow  to  the  town,  as  money  in  Winthrop  Sargent's  hands 
was  considered  as  good  as  if  it  were  in  the  Gloucester  Bank.  Many 
of  the  townspeople  lost  largely  in  the  crash. 

An  association  of  merchants  called  the  India  Company  was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  a  trade  with  Calcutta,  com- 
prising the  following  citizens  :  Ignatius  Sargent,  William  Pearson, 
John  Somes,  David  Plummer,  James  Hayes,  Joseph  Foster,  Fitz  W. 
Sargent,  Aaron,  Thomas  and  Nehemiah  Parsons.  The  Surinam 
trade  was  also  carried  on  very  extensively,  commencing  with  Col. 
Pearce,  who  sent  the  first  vessel  to  that  country  in  1790,  and  ending 
with  the  firms  of  George  H.  Rogers  and  a  company  comprising  Sar- 
gent S.  Day,  John  Somes,  Capt.  Charles  Fitz,  Obadiah  Woodbury 
and  Benjamin  H.  Corliss.  At  one  time  Gloucester  almost  entirely 
controlled  this  trade,  an  occasional  Boston  or  Salem  vessel  only 
arriving  from  that  port.  In  1857  this  traffic  was  at  its  zenith  when 
2O*barques  and  brigs  arrived  with  cargoes  valued  at  $400,000,  sixteen 
clearing  for  Surinam  with  cargoes  valued  at  $300,000.  Like  Salem, 
Newburyport  and  other  New  England  maratime  ports,  the  foreign 
commerce  was  transferred  to  Boston  and  became  a  reminiscense  in 
local  history.  Unlike  the  towns  mentioned,  its  departure  did  not 
involve  the  loss  of  maratime  supremacy.  While  the  deserted 
wharves  of  other  New  England  ports  were  rotting  and  grass  grown, 
eloquent  reminders  of  former  commercial  glories,  in  some  instances 
inspiring  the  pen  of  genius,  the  men  of  Gloucester  turned  their  at- 
tention entirely  to  the  great  ocean  fisheries,  then  becoming  of  much 


108  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

importance  with  the  rapidly  increasing  population  of  the  country. 
Therefore  when,  about  1860,  George  H.  Rogers  transferred  his  head- 
quarters to  Boston,  and  the  company  referred  to  also  closed  its 
business,  these  men  true  to  their  energetic  past,  wasted  no  time  in 
retrospection,  but  passed  quickly  from  the  deck  of  the  square  rig- 
ger to  the  taut  and  trim  fishing  craft,  and  as  man,  master  and 
owner,  have  achieved  success  and  carried  the  town  forward  on 
the  high  road  to  prosperity. 

Thus  ended  the  foreign  commercial  enterprises  which  had  been 
carried  on  so  successfully  for  over  a  century.  Some  very  large  fortunes 
had  been  made  in  the  business.  Retired  sea  captains  were  plenty, 
and  it  is  said  that  India  Square  received  its  name  from  the  number 
of  India  captains  who  erected  dwelling  houses  in  that  vicinity. 
These  ancient  mariners  are  fast  passing  away,  but  a  few  of  those 
engaged  in  the  Surinam  trade  still  remain,  Captains  King,  Tucker, 
Cunningham,  Plummer  and  Pulcifer,  being  of  these. 

THE  DR.  MORIARTY    EPISODE. 

In  the  spring  of  1840  the  town  was  thrown  into  a  ferment  of  ex- 
citement by  the  publication  in  the  Telegraph,  the  local  organ  of 
the  Whigs,  of  a  letter  written  by  Dr.  John  M.  Moriarty,  to  Sen- 
ator Thomas  H.  Benton,  which  stated  that  fraud,  deception  and 
perjury  were  being  practiced  on  the  government  in  the  matter  of 
collecting  fishing  bounties.  At  that  time  a  discussion  was  pending 
in  the  Senate  relative  to  the  abolishment  of  these  bounties,  and 
Senator  Benton,  one  of  the  advocates  of  repeal,  read  this  letter  in 
reenforcement  of  his  views.  When  the  tidings  reached  Gloucester, 
popular  indignation  was  unbounded.  A  large  assemblage  gathered 
about  his  residence,  broke  in  the  windows  and  threats  of  personal 
violence  against  the  doctor  were  freely  uttered.  The  outbreak  finally 
culminated  by  hanging  the  offender  in  effigy. 

Dr.  Moriarty  was  a  large  man,  weighing  300  pounds,  very  gener- 
ous, gentlemanly  and  of  marked  geniality.  The  people  abbreviated 
his  name  to  "  Dr.  Moriart."  He  was  quite  a  successful  physician  and  a 
hard  worker  in  the  political  ranks,  being  a  member  of  the  Democra- 
tic party.  He  resided  in  the  house  now  standing  on  the  corner  of 
Elm  and  Main  Streets.  The  feeling  against  him  became  such 
as  to  necessitate  his  removal  from  town.  He  was  afterwards  ap- 
pointed physician  at  Deer  Island  in  Boston  harbor. 


HIS  TORY  OF  GL  O  UCES  TER.  \  09 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  motives  which  actuated  Dr. 
Moriarty  were  patriotic,  and  the  letter  written  from  a  high  sense 
of  public  duty.  What  excuse  can  be  offered  for  Senator  Benton 
in  thus  violating  the  sacredness  of  private  correspondence,  would 
be  hard  to  conjecture.  These  fishing  bounties  had  been  granted 
by  the  government  before  1800  to  encourage  the  cod  fisheries. 
That  this  matter  was  abused  was  a  matter  of  common  knowledge. 

O 

The  law  required  that  a  journal  be  kept  of  the  voyage  on  board 
ship,  and  that  essential  facts  be  sworn  to.  It  was  a  common 
practice  to  procure  a  journal  three  or  four  days  after  the  season's 
work,  make  up  from  memory  the  log  and  take  what  was  called 
a  "custom  house  oath  "  that  a  mackerel  catcher  was  engaged 
in  the  cod  fisheries.  In  the  matter  of  measurement  the  custom 
house  officer  generally  held  the  reel  and  the  owner  or  his  agent  the 
end  of  the  tape  and  vessels  were  known  at  the  time  to  have  gained 
singularly  in  depth  and  length  from  what  was  originally  paid  and 
contracted  for,  in  many  cases  the  tonnage  being  increased  one-fifth. 
This  is  a  matter  of  antique  history  and  as  such  may  be  safely  related 
if  for  no  other  purpose  than  that  posterity,  may  have  all  the  evidence 
to  review,  before  passing  judgment  on  Dr.  Moriarty. 

In  later  days  the  ports  "down  east"  engaged  in  a  more  flagrant 
deception  on  the  government  and  one  that  Gloucester  never  resorted 
to.  In  fact,  bounties  paid  here  went  to  operative  fishermen,  only  the 
men  themselves  were  unable  to  see  the  fine  distinction  between  a 
cod  fisherman  and  a  mackerel  catcher,  even  if  they  measured  their 
craft  generously.  As  has  been  said,  the  "down  east"  men  gath- 
ered together  pinkeys  and  other  craft  long  past  their  usefulness 
which  were  anchored  in  some  cove  for  a  short  time,  and  then  a  claim 
was  made  for  bounty.  As  a  matter  of  inside  history,  the  Cape 
Ann  fishing  interest  was  secretly  pleased  when  the  bounty  law 
was  abolished  in  1866,  as  the  continuance  of  the  subsidy  might 
prove  a  stimulus  in  building  up  a  dangerous  rival  to  Gloucester, 
and  as  business  is  governed  largely  by  selfish  motives,  no  very 
strenuous  opposition  was  made  against  its  termination.  Indeed  the 
rebate  of  the  duty  on  salt  and  other  articles  amply  compensated 
for  the  loss  of  this  income.  The  bounty  was  paid,  one-half  to  the 
craft,  one-half  to  the  fishermen. 

The  excitement  over  this  question  continued  for  some  time 
an  absorbing  topic  of  discussion  for  the  town.  The  Whig  party  in 


110  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

their  big  parade  here  in  the  1840  Harrison  campaign  made  a  point 
on  this  matter  by  having  a  large  banner  painted  by  Artist  Lane,  on 
which  was  depicted  a  huge  sea  serpent  with  its  head  reared  from 
the  water  with  the  inscription:  "The  Deep  has  Felt  the  Attack 
Upon  her  Interests  and  Sends  Her  Champion  to  the  Rescue."  An 
element  of  humor  also  spiced  the  affair.  There  were  three  excel- 
lent maiden  ladies  who  resided  together  somewhat  as  the  ballad  goes 
in  "The  Three  Old  Maids  of  Lee."  They  were  evidently  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  Whigs  for  they  displayed  a  transparency  which  bore 
this  device,  "Hope  On,  Hope  Ever."  Some  affected  to  believe  that 
this  epigrammatically  expressed  the  secret  aspirations  of  these 
worthy  ladies. 

HISTORY  OF  THE    FISHING  BOUNTIES. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  in  1789,  five  cents  per  barrel  on  pickled 
fish  and  salted  provisions  and  five  cents  per  quintal  on  dried  fish  ex- 
ported from  the  United  States  were  granted  in  lieu  of  a  drawback 
of  the  duties  imposed  on  the  importation  of  the  salt  used  in  curing 
such  fish  and  provisions,  the  duty  on  salt  at  that  time  being  six  cents 
per  bushel.  These  bounties  on  exported  fish  and  provisions 
were  increased  by  a  series  of  raises.  In  1792,  instead  of  the 
bounty  on  fish,  an  allowance  of  $1.50  per  ton  was  granted  vessels 
engaged  in  the  cod  fishery  between  20  and  30  tons  with  a  limitation 
of  $178  for  the  highest  amount  to  any  vessel.  A  supplementary 
act  of  the  same  year  added  20  per  cent,  to  each  of  the  allowances. 
The  act  of  1797  increased  the  bounty  on  salted  provisions  to  18 
cents  per  barrel,  and  on  pickled  fish  to  22  cents  per  barrel,  and  added 
33  1-3  Per  cent  to  tne  subsidy  in  favor,  of  cod  fishing  vessels,  at  the 
same  time  the  duty  on  salt  was  raised  to  20  cents  per  bushel.  In 
1799  the  bounty  on  pickled  fish  was  raised  to  30  cents  a  barrel,  pro- 
visions 25  cents.  These  continued  until  1807  when  all  laws  laying  a 
duty  on  imported  salt  and  for  paying  bounties  on  the  exportation  of 
pickled  fish  and  salted  provisions  were  repealed,  and,  instead,  making 
allowances  to  fishing  vessels.  The  act  of  1813  gave  a  bounty  of  20 
cents  a  barrel  on  pickled  fish  exported  and  granted  to  cod  fishing 
vessels  $2.40  per  ton,  for  vessels  between  20  and  30  tons,  $4  per  ton 
for  vessels  above  30  tons  with  a  limitation  of  $272  for  the  highest 
amount  with  a  proviso,  that  no  bounty  or  allowance  should  be  paid 
unless  it  was  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  collector,  that  the  fish 
was  wholly  cured  with  foreign  salt,  and  the  duty  on  it  secured  or 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  Ill 

paid.  The  salt  duty,  20  cents  per  bushel,  was  revived  as  a  war  tax 
at  the  same  time.  This  being  for  the  war  only,  the  act  of  1816  con- 
tinued these  provisions  which  otherwise  would  have  expired.  The 
act  of  1819  increased  the  allowance  to  vessels  in  the  cod  fishery  to 
$3.50  per  ton  on  vessels  from  five  to  30  tons,  to  $4  per  ton  on  ves- 
sels above  30  tons,  the  maximum  allowances  being  $360.  The  act 
of  1828  authorized  mackerel  fishing  vessels  to  take  out  licenses  like 
the  cod  fishing  vessels,  under  which  it  was  reported  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  that  money  illegally  drawn  by  the  mackerel 
vessels  "the  newspapers  say,  to  the  amount  of  $30,000  to  $50,000 
per  annum."  Senator  Benton's  great  hobby,  amounting  almost  to  a 
mania,  was  the  reduction  of  the  duty  on  alum  salt.  No  one  can  read 
his  speeches  on  the  subject  in  his  "Thirty  Years  View"  without 
becoming  convinced  of  this  fact.  "  I  look  upon  the  salt  tax  as  a  curse, 
as  something  worse  than  a  political  blunder,  as  an  impiety,"  he  vigor- 
ously declared  in  the  senate. 

FORTY    NINER'S. 

The  excitement  aroused  by  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California 
extended  to  Gloucester  and  a  fever  of  unrest  and  anxiety  to  reach 
the  New  Eldorado  pervaded  the  breasts  of  many  of  the  more  youth- 
ful and  enterprising.  The  schooner  "Sea  Serpent"  owned  by  a 
company  of  10,  in  shares  of  $350  each,  was  purchased  and  set  sail 
November  i,  1849,  f°r  the  Golden  Gate,  arriving  there  in  due  season. 
The  following  were  the  members  of  the  company :  James  Mar- 
chant,  captain,  Charles  Saville,  mate,  James  Dennison,  steward, 
James  Fields,  David  Allen,  Jr.,  Henry  B.  Shute,  Pettingell  Hinck- 
ley,  Theodore  Brown,  all  of  Gloucester  ;  Solomon  Smith  of  Rockport, 
Francis  Burns  of  Manchester,  C.  T.  Oakes  of  Boston. 

The  first  craft  to  depart  from  here  was  the  "  Paragon,"  a  Banker 
forty  years  old.  The  date  of  sailing  was  February  18,  1849,  tne 
trip,  via  the  straits  of  Magellan,  consuming  206  days.  The  crew 
numbered  fourteen,  four  of  whom  are  now  living,  namely,  George 
and  James  Nickerson,  Jason  Williams  of  Hamilton,  and  James 
Rollins  of  Seattle,  Washington. 

The  captain  was  Timothy  Healy  ;  first  mate,  Mr.  Dawson  ;  second 
mate,  Mr.  Coleback.  Rufus  Low  of  Essex,  was  also  a  member  of 
the  crew.  The  schooner  "Loo  Choo,"  brig  "Eagle,"  Captain 
Charles  Davis,  schooner  "  Astoria,"  built  especially  for  the  voyage, 
under  command  of  Captain  Charles  Parkhurst,  and  the  schooner 


112  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

"Billow,"  were  each  dispatched  to  the  Pacific,  with  crews  eager  to 
acquire  some  of  the  wealth  concerning  which  fabulous  stories  were 
rife.  Of  these  none  amassed  large  fortunes. 

INCREASE  OF  POPULATION. 

Down  to  this  date  the  town  had  retained  its  individuality  as  regards 
the  homogeneous  character  of  population.  A  small  number  of 
Provincial  fishermen  had  removed  to  town,  and  helped  man  the  fish- 
ing fleet.  Previous  to  1840  there  were  few  of  foreign  birth  or 
parentage  in  this  town.  Some  half-dozen  Irish  families,  at  the 
most,  constituted  the  local  representatives  of  the  Emerald  Isle. 
After  1850  quite  a  number  came  to  town,  and  the  total  foreign  pop- 
ulation of  the  Cape  in  1855  was  about  1500,  including  several  Portu- 
guese families  from  the  Western  Islands.  The  year  1860,  then,  may 
be  said  to  mark  the  line  of  demarcation  between  the  old  and  the 
new  town.  Old  customs  and  pleasant  associations  are  rapidly  becom- 
ing dim  in  the  dissolving  view  of  time,  but  the  disposition  ever  has 
been,  and,  we  trust,  ever  will  be,  to  hold  fast  to  the  many  excellent 
principles  and  institutions  so  firmly  founded  by  the  first  settlers  and 
their  descendants. 

A  brief  sketch  of  the  town  at  the  end  of  1859,  shows  a  population 
of  about  10,000,  clustered  mainly  in  the  central  portion.  Front 
Street,  now  Main,  boasted  but  few  pretentious  business  edifices. 
It  was  much  narrower  than  at  present  and  the  shops  were  mainly 
small  one-story  wooden  edifices.  The  street  was  unpaved,  and 
remained  in  this  condition  for  many  years  afterwards.  The  great 
fire  of  1864  swept  it  clean  from  the  Sawyer  Block,  on  both  sides  of 
the  street  to  the  Custom  House.  This  gave  an  opportunity 
for  a  much  needed  widening,  which  was  taken  advantage  of  at  the 
time,  and  at  various  subsequent  periods.  Frequent  fires  along  the 
business  section  have  constantly  changed  the  character  of  the  archi- 
tecture, so  that  above  the  Sawyer  Block,  on  either  side  to  the  Custom 
House,  all  the  edifices  are  of  comparatively  recent  construction.  Even 
the  most  valuable  portion  of  the  street  opposite  the  Belmont  Hotel 
was  a  field,  fenced  with  pickets.  The  houses  even  on  Front  Street 
were  set  in  generous  tracts  of  ground,  affording  opportunities  for 
lawns  and  gardens  which,  especially  in  spring  and  summer,  gave  the 
town  a  pleasant,  pastoral  appearance.  Beyond  the  line  of  the  rail- 
road was  considered  quite  far  "  up  in  town."  Dale  Avenue,  Railroad 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  113 

Avenue,  and  other  central  thoroughfares  were  not  laid  out  until 
after  the  war,  while  Beacon  Hill,  "  The  Oaks,"  and  the  Maplewood 
district,  now  thickly  covered  with  residences,  were  considered  as 
altogether  too  far  from  the  central  portion  of  the  town  to  be  ever 
available  for  building  purposes.  At  the  time  all  these  tracts  could 
have  been  purchased  "for  a  song,"  as  compared  with  their  present 
valuation.  About  1875,  these  districts  began  to  attract  attention  for 
residential  purposes.  The  many  vacant  spaces  in  the  central  sec- 
tion have  also  been  utilized  and  the  grounds  of  the  old  residences 
are  now  a  thing  of  the  past. 

OLD  TRAINING  DAYS. 

Among  the  picturesque  features  which  fade  from  sight  is  the 
muster  or  training  day,  which  was  held  annually  for  forty  years.  This 
was  the  great  occasion  for  the  town.  Old  and  young  eagerly  an- 
ticipated its  arrival,  and  it  became  a  general  holiday.  The  training 
grounds  were  generally  on  the  Old  Meeting  House  green,  although 
Burnham's  field  and  other  localities  were  utilized  for  the  purpose. 
Booths  for  the  sale  of  gingerbread  and  root  beer  were  erected  hard 
by,  the  evening  previous,  and  the  event  was  in  many  respects  a 
counterpart  of  the  English  country  fair. 

The  local  soldiery  were,  of  course,  the  great  center  of  attraction. 
They  performed  the  various  military  evolutions  with  all  the  pomp 
and  glory  of  peaceful  warfare.  Every  able-bodied  man  was  liable  for 
this  duty.  A  ludicrous  incident  in  this  connection  is  related  as 
occurring  in  1816.  A  large  number  of  fishermen  were  ashore,  and 
were  accordingly  warned  for  military  duty.  One  company,  under 
command  of  Captain  Haskell,  of  Sandy  Bay,  were  composed  entirely 
of  fishermen  who  had  their  "sea  legs"  well  on.  A  sham  battle  was  on 
the  programme,  and,  at  the  command  to  attack,  Captain  Haskell  said, 
"  Off  with  your  mittens  and  go  for  'em."  The  fishermen  charged 
with  fixed  bayonets,  and  so  terrified  the  rest  of  the  regiment  that 
all,  including  officers  in  their  fine  regimentals,  beat  a  hasty  and  dis- 
orderly retreat.  However,  no  one  was  hurt.  The  "  Honeypinks,"  the 
crack  local  company  of  West  Parish,  whose  advent  into  town, 
headed  by  fifer  and  drummer,  set  many  a  feminine  heart  in  a 
flutter,  still  lives  in  a  social  organization.  Many  are  the  amusing 
stories  told  concerning  the  incongruous  appearance  of  some  of  the 
rustic  soldiers. 


114  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

Fronq  1861  to  1866. 

MINUTEMEN  OF  '61.  PATRIOTIC  WOMEN.  CO.  G  HELPS  SAVE  OLD 
IRONSIDES.  FIRST  THREE  YEARS'  MEN.  PATRIOTIC  RESOLU- 
TIONS ADOPTED.  CO.  G  GIVEN  A  GRAND  RECEPTION  ON  ITS 
RETURN.  ROCKPORT'S  "KIMBALL  GUARDS."  FISH  BUSINESS  IN- 
CREASED. DISASTROUS  GALE.  STATE  AID  AND  BOUNTIES. 
PIRATE  "TACONY"  DESTROYS  FISHING  VESSELS.  GOVERNMENT 
ERECTS  FORTS.  RECRUITING  FOR  THE  NAVY.  GREAT  FIRE  OF 
1864.  DEMONSTRATION  AGAINST  DISLOYALISTS.  RECORDS  OF 
SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS. 

RUMBLINGS  of  the  distant  war  clouds  which  loomed  up  in 
the  southern  horizon  began  to  be  heard  and,  in  1861,  when 
Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  the  conflict,  long  threatened,  was  fairly 
on.  The  south  had  thrown  down  the  gauntlet ;  it  was  as  promptly 
picked  up.  How  stood  Gloucester,  with  its  heroic  past,  in  the 
national  record,  when  the  echo  of  the  last  gun  in  civil  strife  had 
died  away,  and  peace  once  more  prevailed  ? 

April  15,  1861,  President  Lincoln  issued  his  call  for  75,000  men 
for  three  months'  service.  The  response  of  the  town  was  immediate. 
The  next  morning,  April  16,  Co.  G  of  the  Eighth  Regiment  departed 
on  the  ten  o'clock  train  for  the  scene  of  hostilities.  The  citizens 
were  in  a  ferment  of  enthusiasm  and  aroused  as  never  since  1775. 
Men,  women  and  children  alike,  were  stirred  with  the  all-pervading 
feeling  of  patriotism.  The  town  turned  out  en  masse  to  bid  these 
soldiers  God  speed.  They  were  escorted  to  the  depot  accompanied 
by  the  Gloucester  Cornet  Band,  where  cheer  upon  cheer  rent  the  air 
as  they  took  their  departure.  Owing  to  a  scarcity  of  uniforms,  but 
thirty-nine  men  were  enabled  to  proceed,  and  a  portion  of  these  were 
clad  in  civilian's  garb.  However,  others  of  our  citizens  joined  the 
command  in  Boston  a  few  days  later,  after  which  it  proceeded  to 
Washington  with  full  ranks.  The  reception  of  the  regiment, 
as  it  marched  through  the  principal  streets  of  New  York,  was  one 
continuous  ovation,  and  its  journey  forward  an  uninterrupted 
triumphal  progress. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  115 

PATRIOTIC  WOMEN. 

The  women  were  equally  as  patriotic.  The  ladies  of  Wingaersheek 
Division,  Sons  of  Temperance,  procured  a  fine  American  flag  and, 
accompanied  by  the  Gloucester  Cornet  Band,  paraded  the  streets  to 
the  old  fort,  where  they  raised  the  stars  and  stripes  in  triumph. 

The  first  companies  to  respond  to  the  call  for  troops  have  been 
aptly  termed  the  "minute-men  of  '61."  Co.  G,  Eighth  Regiment, 
the  Gloucester  organization,  had  for  the  five  years  previous,  been 
under  command  of  Captain  Andrew  Elwell,  and  was  called  the 
"American  Guard."  In  the  fall  of  1860,  Captain  Elwell  resigned  his 
captaincy,  and  Addison  Center  was  elected  to  the  position,  Captain 
Elwell  being  chosen  first  lieutenant.  The  officers  of  this  company 
at  the  first  call  for  men  were  :  Captain,  Addison  Center  ;  first  lieu- 
tenant, Andrew  Elwell ;  second  lieutenant,  James  A.  Cunningham  ; 
third  lieutenant,  Edward  A.  Story ;  fourth  lieutenant,  David  W. 
Low.  Mr.  Cunningham,  however,  never  served  with  this  command. 

On  the  i /th,  at  an  election  of  officers  in  Boston,  Lieutenant  Elwell, 
who  had  obtained  leave  to  go  home  for  the  day  to  close  up  some 
business  affairs,  was  elected  Major  of  the  Eighth  Regiment.  On 
May  6th,  he  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  as  such  served 
through  the  campaign.  On  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  he 
re-enlisted  in  the  Twenty-third  Regiment  as  Major;  was  promoted  to 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  in  1862  was  advanced  to  a  Colonelcy, 
holding  the  highest  commission  of  any  officer  from  Gloucester. 

The  roster  of  this  company  in  the  civil  war  was  as  follows : 
Captain,  Addison  Center ;  first  lieutenant,  David  W.  Low  ;  second 
lieutenant,  Edward  A.  Story ;  third  lieutenant,  Henry  Clark  ;  first 
sergeant,  Stephen  Rich  ;  first  sergeant,  Alfred  F.  Tremaine; 
sergeants  :  Westover  Greenleaf,  William  A.  Marshall  and  Samuel 
Fears ;  corporals :  Abraham  Williams,  Jr.,  George  Fears,  George 
Clark,  3d,  Adolph  F.  Lindberg  ;  privates  :  George  E.  Allen,  William 
Bushy,  George  C.  Carleton,  William  F.  Carleton,  John  S.  Carter, 
Samuel  L.  Clark,  Edward  Cookson,  Joseph  A.  Daniels,  Jonathan 
Douglass,  Solomon  Friend,  Michael  A.  Galvin,  George  D.  Gardner, 
John  E.  Gilman,  William  A.  Gove,  Charles  H.  Gray,  Charles  A. 
Hall,  Nathaniel  Haskell,  John  Hinsch,  Augustus  M.  Howe,  Jr., 
Maverick  M.  Jamison,  John  W.  Johnson,  Elias  D.  Knights,  Edward 
Knights,  James  W.  Lovejoy,  John  W.  Martin,  Thomas  Matchett, 
Arthur  C.  Millett,  William  A.  McKinney,  Benjamin  F.  Morey, 


116  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Peter  Murphy,  Alonzo  A.  Nye,  John  P.  Ober,  John  J.  Parker,  Paulino 
Peroni,  Octavius  Phipps,  George  F.  Robie,  Edward  Rowe,  George 
Shackleford,  Adrian  Steele,  Robert  Stevens,  Charles  L.  Stevens, 
Frederick  Stokes,  Calvin  W.  Swift,  Samuel  Tarr,  Herman  Utpadel, 
William  Vincent,  Henry  Walker,  Henry  Williams,  John  Williams, 
John  W.  Witham,  Joseph  W.  Woodbury,  Jabez  F.  Wonson. 

CO.  G.  HELPS    SAVE  OLD  IRONSIDES. 

As  in  the  Revolution  the  soldier  sailors  won  renown  by  their 
skill  and  bravery.  The  honor  of  preventing  the  frigate  "  Consti- 
tution" (Old  Ironsides),  from  falling  into  rebel  hands,  belongs  to 
the  men  of  Co.  G.,  with  those  of  Lynn,  although  the  credit  of 
the  achievement  has  been  appropriated  unjustly  by  others.  The 
fact  that  the  greater  part  of  the  Gloucester  men  were  well  versed 
in  nautical  .matters,  and  by  the  application  of  this  knowledge  the 
preservation  of  the  glorious  old  frigate  from  the  traitor's  hand, 
is  undoubtedly  due.  The  facts  are  as  follows  : 

When  the  Eighth  arrived  in  Philadelphia,  they  heard  the  news  of 
the  firing  upon  our  troops  in  the  streets  of  Baltimore.  Volunteers 
were  called  to  form  a  "  Sappers  and  Miners'  Corps  "  to  go  ahead 
of  the  regiment  and  remove  any  obstructions  which  might  be  found 
in  the  streets  of  that  city.  A  sergeant  and  nineteen  men  from  Co. 
G,  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  number  required,  were  accepted  for  this 
detail,  the  remainder  being  obtained  from  Lynn  companies.  Lieut- 
enant Thomas  Berry  of  Lynn  was  selected  to  command  them.  They 
were  supplied  with  axes,  crowbars,  picks  and  shovels  for  this  purpose. 
Gen.  Butler,  however,  changed  his  plans,  reaching  Annapolis  on  the 
steamer  "  Maryland,"  and  caused  the  "  Sappers  and  Miners  "  to  be 
sent  on  board  the  ship  "  Constitution,"  then  aground  in  Annapolis 
harbor,  where  "  they  worked  hours,  hoisting  the  cannon  out  before 
any  other  troops  came  on  board,  and  they  did  the  real  hard  work  on 
board  ship,  some  working  as  sailors  and  the  rest  detailed  to  the 
ship's  guns,  etc."  (Butler's  Book  incorrectly  gives  "the  men  of 
Marblehead  "  credit  for  this  work.) 

In  the  Gloucester  Telegraph  of  May  8,  1861,  Charles  L.  Stevens, 
private,  who  was  one  of  the  "  Sappers  and  Miners  "  from  Co.  G,  and 
afterwards  first  lieutenant  in  a  Maine  regiment,  killed  while  leading 
the  "  forlorn  hope  "  at  Port  Hudson,  gave  an  account  of  this  occur- 
rence, which  was  also  accompanied  by  a  copy  of  a  letter  that  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  117 

Lieutenant  Commanding  "  Old  Ironsides  "  wrote  to  Captain  Berry 
when  discharged  from  the  "  Constitution "  in  New  York  harbor. 
Referring  to  the  credit  then  being  given  in  the  New  York  papers 
to  others,  and  ignoring  the  services  of  Co.  G,  he  says  : 

"As  the  executive  officer  of  the  ship  I  am  unwilling  that  such  in- 
justice should  be  done  those  who,  perhaps  from  the  nature  of  their 
previous  calling,  were  able  to  render  us  the  most  effective  service. 
The  officers  commanding  the  gun  division  spoke  with  great  praise 
of  the  willingness  and  efficiency  of  your  men,  and  I  had  occasion  to 
notice  them  aloft  in  reefing,  etc." 

This  certainly  is  good  testimony,  regarding  the  services  of  the 
men  of  Co.  G,  on  this  occasion.  Following  is  the  roll  of  the  Glou- 
cester men  who  were  on  board  the  "  Constitution"  :  Henry  Clark, 
John  C.  Carleton,  William  F.  Carleton,  Philip  Babson,  Paulino  Per- 
oni,  Charles  L.  Stevens,  James  Donahue,  Thomas  Merchant,  Henry 
Walker,  Isaac  W.  Elwell,  Edward  Cookson,  John  P.  Parker,  John  P. 
Ober,  John  Johnson,  Charles  A.  Hall,  Frederick  Stokes,  James  Mur- 
ray, J.  W.  Witham,  Charles  Littlefield. 

FIRST  THREE  YEARS'  MEN. 

In  the  meantime,  David  Allen,  Jr.,  one  of  the  selectmen,  was 
actively  engaged  in  raising  a  second  company,  securing  authority 
April  19.  It  became  attached  to  the  Twelfth  Regiment  as  Co.  K, 
and  was  the  first  body  of  three  years'  men  enlisted  in  town.  With 
a  few  exceptions  they  were  mustered  into  service  June  26,  1861. 

As  in  the  case  of  the  three  months'  men  who  had  gone  to  the 
front,  this  company  was  composed  of  the  flower  of  the  town,  and 
right  well  did  it  acquit  itself  in  the  desperate  conflicts  in  which  it 
was  engaged  during  the  progress  of  the  war. 

Its  departure  was  attended  by  a  grand  public  demonstration. 
A  stand  of  colors,  donated  by  Eben  Dale,  Esq.,  was  presented  the 
company  by  Miss  Mary  Elizabeth  Center  in  an  appropriate  speech, 
Capt.  Allen  making  a  fitting  response.  The  presentation  took  place 
from  the  Old  Town  House  steps  in  the  presence  of  an  immense 
throng,  and,  in  recognition  of  the  generosity  of  the  donor,  the  com- 
pany became  known  as  the  "  Dale  Guards."  They  left  town  May  4, 
by  the  steamer"  Mystic,"  and  were  escorted  to  the  place  of  embarka- 
tion by  a  large  body  of  men  and  women,  each  soldier  being  pre- 
sented with  a  bible  just  before  leaving. 


118  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Of  the  hundred  men  who  served  in  the  company  during  the  war, 
10  were  killed  in  battle,  one  missing  (supposed  dead),  36  wounded, 
six  died  and  three  deserted.  It  was  officered  when  mustered  in  as 
follows  and  the  names  of  the  members  of  the  company  appended 
are  taken  from  a  list  made  up  at  their  close  of  service : 

Captain,  David  Allen,  Jr.;  first  lieutenant,  Benjamin  F.  Cook; 
second  lieutenant,  Gilman  Saunders  ;  first  sergeant,  Edwin  Hazel ; 
second  sergeant,  Charles  W.  Fader  ;  third  sergeant,  Edward  W. 
Doten  ;  fourth  sergeant,  Thomas  Raymond  ;  fifth  sergeant,  John 
Kenney  ;  corporals:  Calvin  Walker,  Sargent  L.  Saville,  Edward  K. 
Coas,  Hezekiah  Colby,  Julius  Rabardy,  George  F.  Friend,  John 
Trask,  Frederick  A.  Johnson;  musician,  Rufus  S.  Wadleigh ; 
wagoner,  Thomas  R.  Hicks;  privates:  William  Allen,  Isaac  F. 
Allen,  Alonzo  J.  Allen,  Adolphus  Aymar,  William  N.  Atwood, 
George  T.  Bailey,  William  A.  Clark,  Joseph  Carter,  Frank  J. 
Carr,  Clement  C.  Cole,  Laban  T.  Gushing,  Michael  Cotter,  James  T. 
Grouse,  Patrick  Cullen,  David  E.  Clifford,  David  Crowley,  John  B. 
Dennis,  John  O.  Driscoll,  Charles  B.  Dyer,  Isaac  C.  Dowling,  Rod- 
ney A.  Douglass,  James  Forsyth,  Andrew  J.  Farnsworth,  George  W. 
Glenn,  Luke  Gilmartin,  Charles  C.  Guppy,  William  B.  Haskell,  Ed- 
ward Haskell,  Timothy  Hodgkins,  George  R.  Hooper,  William  H. 
Hooper,  Simeon  F.  Haywood,  George  Hatch,  Amos  M.  Ingersoll, 
John  L.  Keating,  Samuel  Knowlton,  Thomas  Keefe,  John  Kelley, 
Edward  H.  Lane,  Charles  H.  Lane,  John  Lane,  George  W.  Lewis, 
Fitz  O.  Lufkin,  John  L.  Logan,  William  D.  Lander,  Fred.  A.  B. 
Lowe,  Lawrence  L.  Lively,  Sherburne  F.  Morey,  Jr.,  James  M. 
Morey,  Edward  Murphy,  Michael  Murphy,  Samuel  W.  Mess,  Hardy 
P.  Murray,  Charles  L.  Maxwell,  David  W.  May,  Hugh  McGuire, 
William  McGrath,  Josiah  Ober,  Jr.,  William  M.  Osgood,  Calvin  Pat- 
terson, Benjamin  Parker,  George  W.  Parker,  Daniel  S.  Pert,  John 
Price,  Levi  Robinson,  George  D.  Story,  William  E.  Swazey,  Henry 
Staten,  John  Stuffle,  John  S.  Symonds,  William  F.  Sard,  William 
S.  Todd,  Charles  Tracy,  James  Tanner,  George  Tanner,  John  D. 
Thompson,  George  W.  Wright,  George  Wilson,  Christopher  T. 
Weldon,  Oliver  Younger,  Barnabas  Young. 

PATRIOTIC    RESOLUTIONS    ADOPTED. 

The  town  was  prompt  to  act  in  its  official  capacity.  A  meeting 
was  called  on  April  24th  to  consider  the  situation,  and  was  largely 
attended.  The  serious  crisis  in  national  affairs  was  the  all  engros- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  119 

sing  topic.  But  one  feeling  prevailed.  Past  party  differences  were 
relegated  to  the  background,  and  on  every  hand  came  the  expression 
that  Gloucester  should  be  true  to  its  past,  and  do  its  duty  in  sustain- 
ing the  national  government.  The  following  resolutions  were 
reported  and  adopted  with  much  enthusiasm  : 

"  Resolved,  by  the  town  of  Gloucester  in  legal  town  meeting 
assembled,  while  we  are  utterly  and  unalterably  opposed  to  oppres- 
sion in  all  forms  and  circumstances,  and  especially  the  holding  of 
human  beings  in  bondage,  we  nevertheless  fully  recognize  the  com- 
promises of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  ever  have 
and  now  do  fully  and  freely  accord  to  those  states  in  which  slavery 
exists  by  law  all  their  constitutional  rights  and  privileges  IN  THE 
UNION." 

"  Resolved  :  That  those  states  which  have  adopted  ordinances  of 
secession  have  violated  their  plighted  faith  to  the  Union,  and  in 
making  war  upon  the  Federal  Government,  and  by  armed  force 
prevented  it  from  furnishing  to  those  employed  in  its  service  the 
means  of  subsistence,  and  by  their  proclamation  invited  the  indis- 
criminate destruction  of  property,  they  have  exhibited  all  their 
meanness  and  cowardice,  without  any  of  the  better  qualities  of  the 
REBEL,  the  TRAITOR,  and  the  PIRATE." 

"  Resolved  :  That  the  threat  that  the  Palmetto  Flag  shall  yet  wave 
over  our  "  Cradle  of  Liberty,"  partakes  of  the  same  qualities  which 
threatened  the  roll  call  of  the  slave-master,  shall  yet  be  heard  in  the 
shadow  of  the  monument  on  Bunker  Hill ;  which  threatened  the 
assassination  of  the  President-elect ;  which  has  threatened  to  destroy 
the  capital;  which  has  bombarded  Fort  Sumter ;  which  has  excited 
the  mob  to  resist  the  passage  of  the  military  through  the  city  of 
Baltimore,  though  its  mission  was  only  to  assist  in  defending  the 
capital  against  the  invasion  of  rebel  forces." 

"  Resolved  :  That  the  blood  of  our  murdered  fellow-citizens  calls 
loudly  and  imperatively  upon  every  lover  of  his  country  and  of  liberty 
to  rally  to  the  support,  maintenance  and  defence  of  all  those  who 
are  or  may  be  engaged  in  defence  of  the  Federal  Government." 
Therefore,  be  it 

"  Resolved  :  That  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be  and  hereby 
is  appropriated  by  the  town  of  Gloucester,  to  be  expended  in  pro- 
viding for  the  clothing,  support  and  maintenance  of  such  of  our 
fellow-citizens  as  have  enlisted,  or  may  enlist,  in  the  service  of  the 


120  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Federal  Government,  and  of  their  families  who.  remain  among  us." 

"  Resolved  :  That  we  hereby,  one  and  all,  pledge  ourselves  to 
support  the  Federal  Government  at  all  hazards." 

A  committee  of  five  consisting  of  John  S.  E.  Rogers,  Charles 
Fitz,  John  W.  Lowe,  Eben  H.  Stacy,  and  George  W.  Plummer,  were 
appointed  to  disburse  the  funds  appropriated  under  the  resolution. 
A  communication  was  received  from  Mrs.  Serena  P.  Dale,  stating 
that  she  stood  ready  to  give  $200  for  the  relief  of  the  needy  friends 
of  the  soldiers,  and  three  cheers  were  accordingly  given  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Eben  Dale,  and  three  more  for  Mr.  William  Parsons,  who  dona- 
ted $100  for  the  ladies'  relief  work. 

During  this  time  the  latter  had  been  busy  in  making  undercloth- 
ing, bandages,  etc.,  which  were  dispatched  to  the  Gloucester  compa- 
nies at  the  front.  They  were  assisted  with  donations  from  patriotic 
citizens,  a  check  for  $250  being  received  from  Samuel  E.  Sawyer 
for  the  aid  of  soldiers'  families. 

COMPANY  G  RETURNS. 

August  2,  Co.  G  arrived  from  the  front,  their  time  having  expired, 
and  they  were  given  one  of  the  grandest  receptions  ever  accorded 
any  body  of  men  in  the  town's  history.  They  were  met  at  the  depot 
by  a  combined  military,  civic  and  firemen's  procession,  and  escorted 
through  the  principal  streets. 

The  patriotism  of  this  company  is  shown  from  the  fact  that  all  but 
two  of  the  members  reenlisted,  either  for  three  years'  or  nine 
months'  service.  There  were  17  fishermen  in  this  company,  the 
highest  number  following  any  single  occupation,  while  the  car- 
penters and  teamsters  divided  second  honors,  having  six  members 
each. 

"KIMBALL  GUARDS." 

Rockport  early  manifested  its  patriotism  by  street  parades  with 
the  national  banner  as  the  conspicious  emblem.  At  a  town  meeting 
$3,000  was  appropriated  for  the  relief  of  soldiers'  wives  and  rela- 
tives and  a  company  was  recruited,  but  was  disbanded  owing,  as  the 
Rockport  correspondent  of  the  Telegraph  somewhat  naively  says,  that 
"all  could  not  be  captains."  Later  a  company  known  as  the  "Kim- 
ball  Guards"  was  enlisted  under  the  captaincy  of  David  Tarr  and 
dispatched  to  the  front. 

Eight  members  of  the  Gloucester  Cornet  Band,  namely,  Knee- 
land  Wing,  George  El  well,  Jr.,  Reuben  Perry,  John  Clark,  Joseph 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  121 

S.  Mess,  David  Pierce,  Jacob  Lord  and  Robert  W.  Burnham  were 
mustered  in  June,  as  musicians,  one  of  their  number,  E.  B.  Center, 
having  already  enlisted  on  the  frigate  Minnesota. 

Gloucester's  response  during  the  last  eight  months  of  the  year 
1861,  from  the  first  call  to  arms  had  indeed  been  generous.  About 
800  of  her  sons  at  the  beginning  of  1862  were  serving  either  in  the 
army  or  navy. 

FISH    BUSINESS  INCREASED. 

In  a  business  sense  the  war  proved  to  be  beneficial  to  the  town 
and  helped  it  materially  instead  of  inflicting  the  disastrous  blow  to 
its  commercial  interests,  as  was  the  case  during  the  Revolution  and 
in  the  war  of  1812.  An  increased  demand  made  fish  a  valuable  com- 
modity and  prices  went  up  with  a  bound.  During  the  last  three  years 
of  the  war,  fish  became  a  staple  article  in  the  army  diet.  There  was 
a  lively  call  for  this  product  in  the  Confederacy  and,  among  the  prize 
goods  sold  at  New  York,  taken  from  a  captured  blockade  runner,  was 
a  lot  of  Gloucester  mackerel.  The  prices  of  all  goods  were  greatly 
advanced,  especially  cordage  and  material  entering  into  the  construc- 
tion of  vessels. 

DISASTROUS     GALE. 

Besides  the  drain  of  men  for  the  service,  the  town  was  deprived  of 
a  large  number  of  its  best  fishermen  by  one  of  those  events  so  sad  a 
feature  in  its  history.  On  February  24  and  25,  1862,  a  tremendous 
gale  raged  on  Georges  Banks.  This  is  usually  the  month  when 
good  fishing  is  to  be  had  and  quite  a  fleet  were  pursuing  operations 
on  those  treacherous  shoals.  When  the  storm  had  abated,  13 
staunch  fishing  schooners  with  168  men  had  sunk  beneath  the 
ocean  wave.  Anxious  hearts,  hoping  against  hope,  waited  for  their 
arrival,  but  by  degrees  the  unwelcome  fact  forced  itself  home  on  the 
community,  that  they  had  sailed  never  to  return.  The  double  afflic- 
tion of  war  and  the  elements  cast  a  gloom  over  the  town  which  sad- 
dened many  a  household  for  years.  The  total  value  of  the  vessels 
lost  was  $54,000,  on  which  there  was  an  insurance  of  about  two- 
thirds  this  amount. 

STATE  AID  AND  BOUNTIES. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  March  21,  1862,  it  was  voted  to  appropri- 
ate $20,000  as  state  aid  to  soldiers'  families.  July  23,  the  selectmen 
were  authorized  to  pay  a  bounty  of  $150  to  each  volunteer  who 
should  enlist  for  three  years  service  and  to  be  credited  to  the  town. 


122  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

On  August  20,  this  was  followed  by  an  offer  of  $100  to  all  volunteers 
who  should  enlist  for  nine  months  and  be  credited  to  the  quota  of  the 
town,  the  treasurer  being  instructed  to  borrow  money  for  the  pur- 
pose. Every  effort  was  made  to  obtain  recruits.  Public  meetings  were 
held  out-of-doors  and  addresses  of  a  patriotic  order  from  prominent 
citizens  were  delivered,  the  usual  rostrum  being  the  Custom  House 
steps,  the  adjacent  square  on  these  occasions  being  packed  by  the 
townspeople.  Recruiting  offices  were  opened  on  Front  Street  and, 
after  these  forensic  appeals,  many  a  young  man,  fired  by  patriotic 
ardor,  made  haste  to  enroll  himself  on  the  books  of  the  mustering 
officer.  The  Pavilion  Hotel  grounds  was  another  resort  for  these 
meetings  and  on  this  spot  many  a  graybeard  has  advised  the  young 
men  as  to  the  duty  and  necessity  of  going  to  the  front. 

In  1862  there  were '33  firms  pursuing  the  fishing  business,  fitting 
317  vessels,  of  which   186  were  engaged  in  the  Bay    St.  Lawrence 
mackerel  fishery  ;  119  on   Georges  and  12  in  other  branches  of  the 
fisheries.     Owners  and  fishermen  experienced  a  prosperous  year. 
PIRATE  "TACONY"  DESTROYS  FISHING  VESSELS. 

Depressed  by  defeat,  in  as  far  as  the  termination  of  fratricidal  war 
seemed  to  be  postponed,  elated  as  each  victory  of  the  Northern 
forces  carried  the  Union  flag  the  nearer  to  certain  triumph,  the  year 
1863  opened  for  our  people.  The  war,  of  course,  was  the  all  absorb- 
ing topic  but  business  was  by  no  means  neglected.  Men  were  con- 
stantly going  and  coming  to  and  from  the  front,  the  former,  wounded 
or  disabled,  the  latter,  to  fill  up  or  augment  the  ranks.  A  large  fleet 
of  vessels  were  fitted  out  this  year  and  were  successfully  pursuing 
operations,  having  escaped  disaster  from  storm  and  gale,  when, 
suddenly,  it  became  apparent  that  another  source  of  danger  was 
to  be  apprehended. 

During  this  period  rumors  were  in  circulation  that  rebel  cruisers 
were  to  be  dispatched  among  our  fishermen,  on  the  Banks,  and  wreak 
havoc  to  the  fleet.  At  first  these  reports  caused  considerable  alarm  but 
nothing  serious  having  developed,the  fears  of  the  people  were  allayed. 
But  they  were  destined  to  a  rude  awakening.  On  the  morning  of 
June  24,  1863,  the  schooner  "Laurena,"  of  this  port,  arrived  with  the 
rigging  and  a  portion  of  a  burned  topmast  which  was  recognized  as  a 
new  spar  recently  fitted  to  the  schooner  "  Marengo,"  also  of  this  port. 
The  "Laurena"  was  fishing  on  Georges  Bank  at  the  time  and  sighted 
a  burning  schooner.  The  craft  was  headed  for  the  scene  but  the  ves- 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  123 

sel  in  the  meantime  had  disappeared.  Suspecting  that  something 
was  wrong,  the  crew  of  the  "Marengo,"  after  picking  up  the  article 
referred  to,  set  sail  for  home,  but  before  she  was  off  the  Bank,  saw  a 
strange  barque  with  four  fishing  vessels  near  by.  Fortunately  a  fog 
set  in,  under  cover  of  which  the  "  Laurena  "  made  good  her  escape. 
The  schooner  "Cadet"  arrived  later  in  the  day  and  confirmed  this 
report.  The  "  Cadet "  was  anchored  on  the  Bank,  a  thick  fog  prevail- 
ing at  the  time,  which,  suddenly  lifting,  disclosed  a  strange  barque, 
with  four  fishing  vessels  in  tow.  Some  distance  away  they  discerned 
a  vessel  in  flames.  The  crew,  surmising  the  cause,  immediately 
hove  up  their  anchor,  the  fog  opportunely  shutting  in  again,  and, 
by  towing  the  vessel  with  a  dory,  the  schooner  was  gotten  to  a  dis- 
tance of  safety,  and  when  the  wind  breezed  up  escaped  unharmed. 

Later  advices  gave  confirmatory  particulars.  The  marauding 
barque  was  the  Confederate  cruiser  "  Tacony,"  and  the  vessels 
destroyed  belonging  to  this  port  were  the  schooners,  "  Marengo," 
"Ripple,"  "Elizabeth  Ann,"  "  Rufus  Choate,"  "Ann"  and  "Wan- 
derer." They  were  among  the  finest  in  the  fleet,  valued  at  $2,000 
to  $5,000  each.  Several  had  good  fares  of  fish  when  taken. 

This  news,  of  course,  caused  great  excitement  especially  among  the 
fishing  owners.  On  the  day  the  "  Laurena  "  and  "  Cadet  "  arrived,  a 
meeting  of  the  fishing  interest  was  held  at  the  office  of  the  Mutual 
Insurance  Company,  and  a  memorial  was  drawn  up  reciting  the  great 
dangers  threatening  the  New  England  fisheries  from  depredations  of 
rebel  pirates,  and  addressed  to  Hon.  Gideon  Welles,  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  asking  that  a  cruiser  be  dispatched  to  the  scene  to  protect 
the  fishing  fleet.  Delegations  also  visited  the  commandant  of  the 
Charlestown  Navy  Yard,  and  that  official  promised  to  do  all  in  his 
power  to  prevent  the  operations  of  the  rebel  cruiser.  The  schooners 
"Thomas  Woodward,"  "J.  G.  Curtis "  and  "William  S.  Baker" 
were  fitted  with  32-pounders,  a  full  supply  of  arms  and  ammunition 
and,  with  a  crew  of  25  men  each,  were  dispatched  in  search  of  the 
piratical  craft. 

The  captain  of  the  "Tacony,"  suspecting  that  Federal  cruisers 
would  soon  be  in  pursuit,  and  knowing  that  he  would  easily  be  rec- 
ognized from  the  description  given  by  the  crews  of  the  burned  ves- 
sels, resolved  to  burn  his  craft.  Having  transferred  everything 
possible  to  the  captured  fishing  schooner  "Archer"  of  Southport, 
he  applied  the  torch  June  26,  and  the  "Tacony"  was  soon  burned  to 


124  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  water's  edge.  He  then  proceeded  to  Portland,  anchoring  off 
Victoria  wharf  about  sundown.  Two  steamers  were  there  awaiting 
machinery,  the  "Caleb  Gushing"  and  "  Forest  City."  After  dark 
the  pirate's  crew,  in  two  boats  rowed  with  muffled  oars  and  boarded 
the  "  Caleb  Gushing,"  captured  the  crew  and  put  them  in  irons.  At 
about  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  they  weighed  anchor  and  worked 
their  prize  out  of  the  harbor.  The  alarm  had  been  given  and,  through 
the  energetic  efforts  of  Collector  Jewett  and  citizens,  the  steamers 
"  Forest  City  "  and  "  Chesapeake  "  were  sent  in  pursuit.  The  rebels 
were  overtaken  south  east  from  Portland  Light.  Perceiving  that  the 
intention  of  the  pursuing  party  was  to  run  down  and  capture  his 
craft,  the  rebel  commander  ordered  the  "Gushing"  to  be  set  on  fire, 
the  entire  crew  taking  to  the  boats.  They  were  captured,  however, 
and  sent  to  Fort  Preble. 

The  statements  of  the  captured  crews  were  that  a  barque,  evidently 
a  merchantman  bound  in,  was  discerned,  alternately  shut  from 
view  and  reappearing  in  the  fog.  In  a  short  time  the  fishermen 
were  boarded  by  a  boat's  crew  of  10  men.  As  soon  as  the  Lieuten- 
ant in  charge  was  on  deck  he  proclaimed  the  vessel  the  prize  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy,  and  drawing  his  revolver  threatened  to 
shoot  any  person  who  should  make  resistance.  Ten  minutes 
was  allowed  the  crew  to  get  their  possessions  together,  after  which 
they  were  rowed  aboard  the  barque.  Then  the  torch  was  applied  to 
their  craft.  All  were  treated  kindly  and  some  of  the  captured  skip- 
pers were  invited  into  the  cabin  to  supper,  and  offered  a  lieutenant's 
commission  in  the  Confederate  Navy.  This  tender  was  politely 
refused.  Besides  the  fishermen  there  were  the  crews  of  four 
ships  which  had  been  burned,  and  as  the  accommodations  were 
severely  taxed,  the  captain  determined  to  liberate  the  schooner 
"Florence,"  under  bond,  and  send  her  to  New  York  with  the  cap- 
tured men,  first  putting  them  under  oath  not  to  wage  war  against  the 
Confederacy.  While  off  Gay  Head  the  "Florence"  spoke  the 
schooner  "Western  Light,"  of  Wellfleet,  the  Gloucester  men  were 
transferred  to  that  craft,  landed  at  Hyannis,  thence  forwarded  home. 

But  for  the  fact  that  a  thick  fog  prevailed  on  the  Bank  at  the  time 
the  destruction  of  fishing  vessels  would  have  been  much  larger. 
What  further  depredations  the  "Tacony  "  might  have  accomplished 
but  for  the  opportune  action  of  Portland  is  a  matter  of  conjecture. 
Gloucester  might  have  been  fired  from  the  water  or  mulcted  in 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  126 

heavy  damages  as  the  town  was  comparatively  defenceless.  Fear 
of  an  attack  led  the  citizens  to  a  realizing-  sense  of  their  help- 
lessness. A  town  meeting  was  held  July  13,  at  which  $3,000 
was  appropriated  for  the  defences  of  the  harbor,  to  be  expended  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  selectmen,  with  the  approval  of  the  governor 
and  council,  and  at  a  meeting  held  October  27,  $3,000  additional  was 
voted  for  the  same  purpose. 

GOVERNMENT  ERECTS  FORTS. 

Immediate  action  was  taken  toward  the  erection  of  fortifications. 
Land  at  Eastern  Point,  belonging  to  Thomas  Niles  was  acquired  by 
the  government,  an  earthwork  fort  erected  and  manned.  Defences 
were  thrown  up  at  a  commanding  position  on  Stage  Fort  and  named 
Fort  Conant  in  memory  of  the  early  settler,  Roger,  who  was  a  prom- 
inent actor  in  an  occurrence,  before  related,  which  took  place  on  the 
same  spot  where  a  barricade  had  been  erected.  Capt.  Thomas  Her- 
bert and  a  company  of  the  nth  Unattached  were  stationed  here  for 
some  time,  but  were  dispatched  to  the  front  before  the  close  of  the 
war.  The  platforms  of  the  defences  at  Fort  Point  were  also  recon- 
structed and  guns  which  had  been  sent  by  the  government  were 
placed  in  position  behind  the  ancient  ramparts.  A  company  in  town 
was  organized  to  man  these  fortifications. 

RECRUITING  FOR  THE  NAVY. 

In  the  autumn  of  this  year  the  government  war  ship  "  Sabine " 
made  this  port  headquarters  for  a  while  and  efforts  were  made  to 
secure  recruits  for  the  navy  with  little  success,  a  few  men  only  enlist- 
ing. Later  the  war  ship  "Niagara,"  one  of  finest  and  best  equipped 
in  the  service,  was  stationed  here  and  attempts  were  renewed  to 
secure  men.  In  this  endeavor  the  government  was  assisted  by 
the  local  officials  and  townspeople.  At  a  citizen's  meeting  held 
October  24,  the  sum  of  $30,000  was  subscribed  for  bounties  to  all 
seamen  who  would  enlist,  each  to  receive  not  less  than  $150.  A 
recruiting  office,  under  the  direction  of  Capt.  David  Plummer  and 
Capt.  Nehemiah  Proctor,  both  well  known  sea  captains  of  the  town, 
was  opened  and,  through  their  efforts,  nearly  60  men  were  enlisted. 
Recruiting  for  the  army  went  constantly  on  during  the  year. 

GREAT  FIRE  OF  1864. 

The  year  1864  is  memorable  in  the  annals  of  the  town.  Three 
years  constant  drain  of  men  and  resources,  as  a  matter  of  course, 


126  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

left  its  impress.  When  devastation  by  storm  and  fire  are  added  to 
the  catalogue  of  disasters,  a  community  indeed,  passes  under  the 
chastening  rod.  Such  was  the  experience  of  the  town  ere  the  year 
had  passed  into  history.  February  18,  the  most  disastrous  fire  the 
town  had  ever  experienced  occurred,  destroying  103  buildings  on 
Front  Street,  valued  at  $450,000.* 

In  March,  a  great  gale  prevailed  on  Georges  and  before  its  force 
had  abated  six  of  the  staunchest  vessels  of  the  fleet  pursuing  their 
calling  on  those  grounds,  valued  at  $49,000,  with  their  crews,  had  been 
sacrificed  to  the  fury  of  the  elements. 

As  the  power  of  the  Confederacy  began  to  wane  under  the  victo- 
rious assaults  of  the  Union  forces,  Gloucester,  in  common  with  other 
towns  and  cities,  redoubled  its  efforts  to  send  men  to  the  front  and 
bring  the  rebellion  to  a  close.  At  a  special  town  meeting  held  June 
27,  it  was  voted  to  pay  a  bounty  of  $125  to  each  volunteer  who  en- 
listed for  three  years,  to  be  credited  to  the  town's  quota.  This  bounty 
continued  to  be  paid  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

DEMONSTRATIONS  AGAINST  DISLOYALISTS. 

The  news  of  the  assassination  of  the  President,  who  had  guided 
the  country  through  the  throes  of  civil  war  to  triumphant' peace, 
spread  over  the  land  like  a  thundercloud,  big  and  black.  In  every 
possible  manner  the  great  grief  of  the  people  was  shown  for  the 
generous  hearted  man  who  had  been  basely  stricken  down  by  the 
hand  of  an  assassin. 

Flags  were  everywhere  displayed  at  half-mast,  except  by  a  certain 
class,  who  made  themselves  conspicious  by  unpopular  utterances. 

The  time  had  arrived  when  forbearance  with  these  men  ceased  to 
be  a  virtue.  Accordingly  when  the  insult  to  the  martyred  President 
became  known,  groups  of  citizens  debated  the  propriety  of  forcibly 
compelling  this  element  to  do  honor  to  their  country  and  its  flag. 
The  idea  spread  like  wildfire  and  in  an  incredibly  short  time  a 
throng  numbering  some  800  resolved  to  put  the  plan  into  effect. 

The  first  person  visited  was  George  Steele,  Jr.,  who  was  accused  of 
alleged  treasonable  language  and  a  neglect  to  place  flags  at  half- 
mast  on  his  vessels.  Mr.  Steele  was  accordingly  summoned  from  his 
Middle  Street  residence  and  the  crowd  in  emphatic  terms  demanded 
that  he  should  hoist  his  flags  to  the  proper  position.  To  this  was 
replied  that  orders  had  been  given  the  night  before  that  the  flags  be 

*  See  Chapter  on  Fires. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  127 

appropriately  displayed,  but  that  his  workmen  had  neglected  to  do 
so.  He  promised  to  attend  to  the  matter  immediately.  Having  gone 
thus  far  the  crowd  was  in  no  mood  to  be  put  off.  They  demanded 
that  with  his  own  hands  he  should  hoist  the  national  colors.  The 
throng  meant  business  and,  seeing  that  resistance  was  useless,  Mr. 
Steele,  escorted  by  the  multitude,  marched  through  Middle,  Front 
and  Rogers  Streets  to  his  wharf.  The  halliards  of  the  craft  had 
been  unrove,  but  were  quickly  restored  to  their  proper  position. 
Having  hoisted  his  flags  and  given  substantial  evidence  of  his  loyalty, 
the  crowd  then  passed  on  to  another  suspect,  Epes  Porter.  He 
was  found  at  his  wharf  on  Rogers  Street,  and  on  demand  expressed 
his  willingness  to  give  satisfactory  tokens  of  patriotism.  He  was 
wrapped  in  the  American  flag  from  head  to  foot  and  made  to  kiss  its 
folds.  They  then  proceeded  to  Thomas  Hall's  net  and  twine  estab- 
lishment on  Duncan  Street.  Mr.  Hall  had  evidently  been  forewarned 
for  when  his  place  was  reached  he  was  on  the  roof  of  his  building 
preparing  to  suspend  the  national  colors.  A  flag  was  thrown  him 
which  he  saluted  and  waved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  people.  They 
next  took  up  the  line  of  march  to  the  premises  of  William  T.  Cooper 
on  Jackson  Street.  A  small  flag  with  seven  stars  draped  in  mourn- 
ing was  attached  to  his  shop.  This  was  thought  to  be  intended  as 
an  insult  and,  on  the  demand  of  the  crowd,  Cooper  promptly  pulled 
the  emblem  down  and  tore  it  into  strips  and  then  kissed  the  flag 
which  was  handed  him.  After  this  Robert  Rowe  was  visited.  He 
saluted  the  flag  with  alacrity  and  after  some  friendly  admonitions  the 
procession  marched  to  the  wheelwright  shop  of  William  Cogswell  on 
Mansfield  Street.  He  also  honored  the  flag  in  a  satisfactory  man- 
ner. 

Thus  far  the  actions  of  the  crowd  had  received  the  approval  and 
indorsement  of  the  people.  But  popular  uprisings  of  this  sort  are 
apt  to  end  in  excesses.  So  it  proved  in  this  case.  The  throng  lost 
its  head  and  committed  a  deed  disgraceful  in  the  extreme.  The 
residence  of  John  Wheeler,  an  aged  citizen,  residing  on  the  corner 
of  Pine  and  Washington  Streets,  was  visited.  The  crowd  demanded 
that  he  give  the  same  satisfactory  evidences  of  loyalty  as  those  pre- 
viously waited  upon.  Mr.  Wheeler  was  equally  as  determined  not 
to  be  forced  into  complying  with  their  request.  At  this  he  was 
seized,  suspended  astride  a  rail  and  borne  through  Washington  and 
Front  Streets  to  the  Custom  House  where,  after  suffering  severe  in- 


128  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

dignities,  he  was  released.  There  were  two  reasons  why  Mr. 
Wheeler  should  have  been  unmolested  ;  his  advanced  years  and  the 
fact  that  two  of  his  sons  served  their  country  in  the  war. 

By  this  time  the  crowd  had  degenerated  into  a  mob.  A  gang  of 
roughs  were  making  themselves  exceedingly  conspicious  and  had  be- 
come inflamed  with  liquor.  The  people  began  to  be  alarmed  lest  an 
indiscriminate  assault  be  made  on  unoffending  citizens.  Accordingly, 
Addison  Gilbert,  chairman  of  the  selectmen,  mounted  the  Custom 
House  steps  and  counselled  the  crowd  to  disperse,  alluding  to  the 
sacredness  of  the  day,  referring  to  the  bells  then  solemnly  tolling  for 
the  martyred  dead  and  imploring  them  for  the  good  name  of  the 
town,  not  to  commit  acts  for  which,  in  future  time,  they  would  ex- 
press regret.  Reason  asserted  its  sway  and  with  these  words  of  wis- 
dom the  multitude  dispersed.  Thus  ended  the  most  serious  popular 
uprising  recorded  in  the  town's  annals. 

TOWN'S    RECORD    DURING    THE    WAR. 

There  were  credited  to  the  quota  of  Gloucester,  for  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  the  following  : 

Men  enlisted  for  three  months, 67 

For  one  hundred  days,          .         .         .         .         .              ~    .         .         .         .  72 

For  six  months,    ............  3 

For  nine  months, 106 

For  one  year,        ............  129 

For  three  years, 649 

Total  in  the  army 1026 

In  naval  service, 476 


Total  in  army  and  navy, 1504 

These  figures  were  more  than  one-tenth  the  entire  population 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  and  show  a  surplus  of  168  above  all 
requirements.  They  by  no  means  include  all  the  Gloucester  men 
who  served  in  the  army  and  navy,  as  many  were  enlisted  in  various 
other  cities  and  towns. 

The  draft  of  1863  was  the  only  requisition  for  which  Gloucester 
was  called  upon  to  furnish  troops.  In  the  draft  of  1864,  the  town 
had  filled  its  apportionment  before  the  call  occurred.  Twelve  of  the 
citizens  furnished  men  under  this,  at  an  expense  of  between  $500 
and  $1000.  In  the  draft  of  July  10,  1863,  a  demand  was  made  for 
191  men,  and  285  names  were  drawn  to  secure  the  requisite  number. 
Of  these,  only  25  were  accepted,  32  furnished  substitutes,  56  paid 
the  commutation  fee  of  $300,  and  10  failed  to  appear. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  129 

The  total  amount  of  money  raised  and  expended  by  the  town 
during  the  war  for  state  aid,  to  the  families  of  the  soldiers,  which 
was  afterwards  repaid  by  the  state,  was  $76,064.23. 

CO.  G,  EIGHTH   REGIMENT. 

The  first  men  sent  to  the  front,  Co.  G,  Eighth  Regiment,  were,  as 
we  have  seen,  stationed  at  the  Relay  House,  Virginia,  guarding  the 
stone  bridge,  and  afterwards,  until  their  muster-out,  in  holding 
Baltimore.  Their  services  in  saving  "  Old  Ironsides,"  has  already 
been  related.  They  responded  to  the  President's  call  for  nine 
months'  men,  and  left  town  for  the  front,  September  12,  1862,  and 
again  in  July,  1864. 

CO.  K,  TWELFTH  MASS. 

The  next  company  enlisted  was  Co.  K,  Twelfth  Regiment,  April 
19,  1861,  for  three  years.  As  the  history  of  the  companies  in  most 
instances  is  identical  with  that  of  their  regiments,  a  synopsis  of  the 
deeds  of  this  famous  command,  than  which  none  is  brighter,  is 
given  : 

The  original  officers  of  the  company  were  as  follows  :  Captain, 
David  Allen,  Jr.;  First  Lieut.,  Fitz  J.  Babson ;  Second  Lieut., 
Benjamin  F.  Cook ;  Third  Lieut.,  Oilman  Saunders  ;  Fourth  Lieut., 
Edwin  Hazel. 

On  being  enlisted  in  the  United  States'  service,  which  recognized 
but  two  lieutenants,  Lieut.  Babson  sought  duty  in  another  direction, 
being  subsequently  identified  with  the  Twenty-third  Regiment. 
Lieut.  Hazel  remained  as  First  Sergeant  of  the  company ;  the  officers 
going  away  with  the  company  being  Capt.  Allen  and  Lieuts. 
Cook  and  Saunders.  The  loyal  men  and  women  took  great  interest 
in  the  formation  and  prosperity  of  the  company,  and  on  their  depart- 
ure furnished  them  with  fatigue  uniforms  and  all  necessary  conven- 
iences for  immediate  service  in  the  field  ;  each  member  was  fur- 
nished with  a  dirk  knife  by  the  Cape  Ann  Anchor  Works. 

In  its  early  days  the  company  was  quartered  in  Boston,  but  in  the 
first  week  of  May  they  were  stationed  at  Fort  Warren,  Boston  Har- 
bor, in  accordance  with  Special  Order,  No.  144,  issued  April  29,  1861. 
The  men  were  full  of  patriotic  ardor  and,  on  the  assurance  that 
their  families  would  be  well  taken  care  of,  they  were  enthusiastic  to 
be  sent  immediately  to  the  front,  having  enlisted  for  the  war,  be  the 
time  long  or  short. 


130  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  company  was  attached  to  the  famous  "  Webster  Regiment," 
organized  and  drilled  at  Fort  Warren  until  the  26th  of  June, 
1 86 1,  when  it  was  mustered  into  service  under  command  of  the  gal- 
lant Fletcher  Webster,  son  of  the  great  statesman,  Daniel  Webster. 
The  company  was  composed  of  100  true  and  loyal  men  as  ever 
shouldered  a  musket  in  defense  of  their  country's  flag  and  institu- 
tions. 

On  Thursday,  July  18,  headed  by  the  band,  under  the  leadership 
of  William  J.  Martland,  of  North  Bridgewater  (now  Brockton),  the 
regiment  left  Fort  Warren,  on  the  steamers  "Argo"  and  "May 
Queen  "  to  be  reviewed  by  the  governor  and  others.  Escorted  by 
the  Second  Battalion  of  Infantry  and  Gilmore's  Band,  they 
marched  through  the  principal  streets  of  Boston,  Col.  Webster  rid- 
ing a  magnificent  horse,  the  gift  of  his  brother  graduates  of  Harvard 
University,  Class  of  1 833.  The  Second  Battalion  marched  to  the  State 
House,  receiving  the  Governor  and  his  staff,  officers  of  the  Indepen- 
dent Corps  of  Cadets,  and  the  officers  of  the  State  Government  and 
escorted  them  to  the  Common.  During  the  afternoon  the  regiment 
passed  in  review  three  times,  in  common,  quick  and  double-quick 
time.  The  wheel  by  company  front  attracted  much  attention  and 
elicited  great  applause.  After  passing  in  review,  the  commissioned 
officers  and  color  guard  were  called  to  the  front  when  Hon.  Edward 
Everett,  on  behalf  of  the  ladies  of  Boston,  presented  the  regiment 
with  a  beautiful  flag.  Mr.  Everett's  address  was  an  eloqueut  effort 
and  has  become  historical  as  one  of  the  greatest  of  his  life.  The 
flag  was  committed  to  the  care  of  the  regiment  and  Col.  Webster 
called  for  three  cheers  in  return  for  the  friends  of  the  cause,  which 
were  enthusiastically  given.  The  standard  was  a  rich  white  silk  with 
a  heavy  gold  band,  edged  with  blue;  the  shield  of  the  Union  and  the 
Coat  of  Arms  of  Massachusetts  resting  on  each  other  to  represent 
the  mutual  support  derived.  On  the  scroll,  the  celebrated  Webster 
motto,  "  Not  a  stripe  erased  or  polluted,  not  a  single  star  obscured  ;" 
connecting  the  insignia  of  State  and  Union,  the  motto,  "  E  Pluribus 
Unum."  The  palm  leaf  of  victory  and  an  oak  leaf  of  strength  com- 
pleted this  side  of  the  banner.  Opposite  was  inscribed  "The  Web- 
ster Regiment,  April  21,  1861."  A  halo  of  light  above  was  set  off 
by  a  war  cloud  below  and,  nearly  surrounding  the  painting,  was  a 
laurel  and  oak  wreath,  connecting  the  first  and  last  words  of  the 
motto.  The  staff  was  of  lancewood,  the  handle  elegantly  carved 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  131 

with  the  letter  W,  a  golden  eagle  rested  on  its  top.  Lower  down,  a 
magnificent  fold  of  satin,  bordered  with  gold  and  trimmed  with 
fringe  of  the  same  material. 

After  the  presentation,  the  regiment  partook  of  a  sumptuous  re- 
past served  by  the  city  under  the  trees  on  the  Beacon-street  mall.  At 
six  o'clock  the  line  was  formed  for  dress  parade,  after  which  the  regi- 
ment returned  to  Fort  Warren.  In  going  through  State  Street  the 
men  marched  route-step  and  sang  "  John  Brown  "  in  a  spirited  man- 
ner, with  full  band  accompaniment. 

The  Webster  Committee,  who  were  instrumental  in  raising  the 
regiment,  were  losing  patience  and  for  good  reason.  The  command 
seemed  doomed  to  dwell  forever  in  Fort  Warren.  So  the  committee 
induced  Hon.  Henry  Wilson,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs,  to  visit  Fort  Warren  and  inspect  the  regiment.  He  came 
and  declared  it  the  best  drilled  he  had  thus  far  seen.  On  his  return 
to  Washington  the  order  came,  "  Add  to  the  seven  other  regiments 
the  Twelfth  ;"  and  the  Webster  Regiment  prepared  to  leave  the  State. 

On  July  23,  the  regiment  was  reviewed  by  Brig.-Gen.  Andrews, 
Commander  of  the  Garrison,  and  was  escorted  by  the  Fourteenth  Regi- 
ment to  the  land.  On  its  way  to  Boston  it  was  saluted  by  the  school 
ship  "  Massachusetts  "  and  the  ships  "  Cambridge  "  and  "  Pembroke." 
The  men  wore  white  havelocks  and  had  their  overcoats  neatly  folded 
on  top  of  their  knapsacks,  the  bright  red  lining  being  outward, 
which  contrasted  oddly  with  their  tanned  faces  and  blue  coats.  The 
strength  was  1040,  armed  with  Enfield  rifles.  The  regiment  marched  in 
quick  time,  via  State,  Court  and  Tremont  Streets,  to  the  Old  Colony 
Depot,  singing  with  much  spirit  the  famous  "John  Brown  "  song. 
The  march  was  one  grand  review.  At  every  available  point  the 
streets  and  windows  were  packed.  Not  a  man  was  left  behind. 
Each  one  was  provided  with  10  rounds  of  ammunition  and  fifty 
thousand  rounds  were  carried  on  the  baggage  train.  The  Massa- 
chusetts Register  says  : 

"The  departure  of  the  Webster  Regiment  will  long  be  remem- 
bered by  those  who  witnessed  its  birth,  growth  and  education.  The 
relation  which  it  maintained  to  the  city,  and  the  .  reputation  which  it 
achieved,  secured  to  these  troops  an  ovation  second  to  none  which 
preceded  it." 

The  regiment  left  Boston  on  the  eight  P.  M.  train  and  the  passage 
to  Fall  River  was  marked  by  bon-fires,  fireworks  and  other  illumina- 


132  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

tions.  It  was  carried  from  Fall  River  to  New  York  by  the  steamer 
"  Bay  State."  The  passage  down  the  Sound  was  pleasant.  From 
Hell  Gate  to  the  landing  at  New  York  the  regiment  was  lustily 
cheered  by  thousands.  A  delegation  of  Massachusetts  gentlemen, 
accompanied  by  the  Seventh  New  York  Regiment  Band,  were  in 
waiting  and  escorted  them  to  the  Park  Barracks  where  dinner  was 
provided.  At  7  P.  M.  they  marched  down  Broadway  to  Pier  No.  2. 
At  the  route-step  the  band  struck  up  "John  Brown,"  the  men  joining 
in  singing  and  the.  citizens  of  New  York  were  electrified  by  the 
weird  chorus  which  had  never  before  been  sung  in  the  metropolis. 
The  regiment  was  carried  to  Elizabethport,  N.  J.,  thence  to  Harris- 
burg,  Pa ;  from  Harrisburg  to  Glen  Rock. 

Five  and  one-half  hours  was  taken  in  traveling  from  Glen  Rock 
to  Hummelstown,  a  distance  of  only  twenty-five  miles.  Suspicion 
being  aroused  that  something  was  wrong,  Col.  Webster  dismissed 
the  engineer,  and  substituted  one  of  the  members  of  Co.  G,  with 
manifest  good  results  in  the  item  of  speed. 

At  noon  the  troops  reached  Baltimore,  where  a  few  moments  were 
devoted  to  a  hasty  meeting  with  the  Eighth  Mass.,  and  quietly  and 
peacefully  the  Twelfth  Regiment  passed  through  that  city.  At 
10  P.  M.,  singing  the  same  old  song,  the  regiment  left  Baltimore  and, 
packed  in  cattle  cars,  rode  on  past  camp  and  guard,  till,  on  the 
morning  of  July  27,  Sandy  Hook,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry,  was 
reached. 

July  27,  1861,  tents  were  pitched  on  the  Maryland  side  of  the 
Potomac  river,  about  a  mile  from  Harper's  Ferry,  and  being  assigned 
to  Abercrombie's  Brigade  of  Banks'  Division,  the  camp  was  named 
in  honor  of  the  division  commander.  The  greater  part  of  the  Twelfth 
was  then  assigned  to  guard  duty  along  the  Potomac.  The  summer 
was  passed  in  this  manner,  picket  duty,  skirmishing,  drill  and  target 
practice,  interspersed  with  frequent  orders  to  be  ready  to  move  at  a 
moment's  notice,  and  false  alarms  that  the  regiment  was  to  be  imme- 
diately ordered  into  action.  A  diary  shows  that  every  other  day,  on 
an  average,  was  rainy.  On  November  4,  a  member  of  Co.  K  was 
accidentally  wounded  while  on  picket.  About  this  time  work  was 
begun  on  the  log  houses,  16  by  12  feet,  16  feet  high,  and  thatched 
with  straw.  November  13,  a  large  box  of  blankets  was  received 
from  lady  friends  in  Boston.  November  19,  the  brigade  was  reviewed 
by  General  Abercrombie.  The  Twelfth  wore  its  new  uniforms  for 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  133 

the  first  time.  November  21  was  Thanksgiving  Day.  The  bill  of 
fare  consisted  of  turkey,  chicken,  vegetables,  {Dies  and  puddings, 
for  most  of  which,  the  regiment  was  indebted  to  good  friends  at 
home. 

November  23,  Lieut.  Cook  and  twelve  men  were  sent  to 
Darnestown,  to  picket  the  fork  of  the  road  leading  to  Darnestown 
and  Frederick.  December  2,  the  regiment  marched  to  within  one 
mile  of  Frederick,  and  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Cantonment, 
doing  guard  and  picket  duty  during  the  winter. 

February  24,  orders  were  received  to  be  "  ready  to  march  at  an 
hour's  notice,  with  three  days'  cooked  rations  in  haversacks,  with 
cartridge  boxes  filled  with  ammunition,  and  a  full  supply  of  caps." 
March  2,  companies  D  and  K,  with  a  battery,  went  to  an  old  barn 
supposed  to  contain  rebel  soldiers. 

June  26  closed  the  first  year  of  the  regiment's  history.  During 
this  time  it  had  marched  750  miles  and,  while  the  losses  had  not 
been  very  severe,  the  duty  had  been  most  fatiguing.  The  weather 
had  been  uniformly  bad,  and  the  roads  execrable. 

On  this  day  the  regiment  temporarily  severed  its  connection  with 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  being  in  the  Third  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Third  Corps,  Army  of  Virginia. 

On  August  19,  after  much  marching,  the  Twelfth  reached  the  bat- 
tle-field of  Cedar  Mountain.  After  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  an 
officer  wrote  to  a  friend  as  follows :  "  Certainly  the  Twelfth 
behaved  handsomely  in  this,  their  first  engagement  of  any  impor- 
tance, and  remained  cool  and  courageous  under  the  most  terrific  fire 
of  shot  and  shell,  without  replying  to  it,  for  three  mortal  hours." 
The  regimental  loss  was:  Killed,  officers,  I,  enlisted  men,  o; 
wounded,  officers,  3  ;  enlisted  men,  5  ;  missing,  enlisted  men,  2  ; 
total,  ii. 

The  regiment  was  engaged  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  at  Bull  Run, 
where  the  lamented  Colonel  Webster  received  his  death-wound,  and 
at  Chantilly,  where  the  one-armed  Kearney  met  a  similar  fate.  The 
regimental  loss  at  Bull  Run,  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missing,  was 

138. 

McDowell,  in  his  official  report,  says  :  "  For  15  days,  with  scarcely 
a  day's  intermission,  it  was  either  making  forced  marches,  many 
times  through  the  night,  and  many  times  without  food,  or  else 
engaged  in  battle.  These  fatigues  were  most  severe  toward  the  last, 


134  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

when,  on  account  of  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  we  had  separated 
from  our  supplies.  In  all  this,  the  patience,  endurance  and  good 
conduct  of  the  men  was  admirable.  To  fight  and  retreat,  to  retreat 
and  fight,  in  the  face  of  a  superior  force,  is  a  severe  test  of  soldier- 
ship." 

UNDER  McCLELLAN. 

During  the  month  of  September,  1862,  the  army  was  reorganized, 
and  the  regiment  marched  to  repel  the  rebel  army  that  was  marching 
northward  under  Gen.  Lee,  to  Maryland.  September  5,  crossed  Chain 
Bridge,  and  marched  via  Georgetown  and  Washington,  and 
bivouaced  at  Leesborough,  being  in  the  First  Corps,  under  Hooker. 
Marched  through  Frederick  in  pursuit  of  Lee,  passing  the  residence 
of  Barbara  Fretchie,  made  historic  by  Whittier's  poem,  then  eight 
miles  to  Middleton,  where  signs  of  a  battle  became  manifest.  Partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  September  14,  in  Hartsuff's 
Brigade,  which  turned  the  rebel  left  at  that  battle.  September  16, 
Antietam  Creek  was  crossed,  and  the  regiment  came  into  an  open 
field  whence  issued  heavy  musketry  fire,  and  went  into  line  of  battle, 
where  they  remained  during  the  night,  Hooker  remarking,  "  to-mor- 
row we  fight  a  battle  that  will  decide  the  fate  of  the  Republic."  At 
early  dawn  the  contest  commenced  ;  then  began  a  Titanic  struggle : 
companies  E  and  K  were  deployed  as  skirmishers  under  Capt. 
Cook,  Capt.  Hazel  commanding  Co.  K.,  and  the  rebel  skir- 
mish line  was  speedily  driven  in.  Gen.  Hartsuff  was  severely 
wounded  ;  down  went  officer  after  officer,  until  the  command  of 
the  regiment  devolved  upon  Capt.  Cook.  The  dead  of  the  regi- 
ment lay  in  heaps.  The  Twelfth  entered  the  battle  with  340  men  ; 
it  came  out  with  32  under  its  colors.  When  the  regiment  was 
relieved,  a  few  left  the  ranks  temporarily  to  help  their  wounded 
comrades  to  the  rear.  Its  actual  casualty  list  was :  Officers  killed 
and  wounded,  12  ;  enlisted  men,  killed  and  wounded,  241  ;  missing, 
30  ;  total  loss  during  the  fight,  283. 

Among  the  wounded  was  the  brave  Capt.  Allen,  and  Capt. 
Hazel,  both  of  Co.  K.  Gen.  Ricketts  says  of  Hartsuff's  Brigade,  of 
which  the  Twelfth  was  a  part,  "  The  brigade  moved  forward,  officers 
and  men  displaying  great  coolness,  while  exposed  to  a  severe  fire  of 
artillery  and  infantry."  Capts.  Allen  and  Cook  were  mentioned  in 
the  report  of  the  commanding  officer  for  conspicuous  gallantry  un- 
der Burnside  at  Fredericksburg. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  135 

November  8,  1862,  they  marched  at  5.30  A.  M.  From  this  until 
November  18,  the  regiment  marched  and  counter-marched  over  bad 
roads,  part  of  the  time  well  blockaded  by  army  wagons,  being  on 
very  short  rations.  Thanksgiving  Day,  November  27,  the  boys  suf- 
fered from  cold  and  hunger.  December  3,  dress  parade  was  held 
for  the  first  time  since  July  10.  150,000  men  were  said  to  be  en- 
camped in  this  vicinity.  December  6,  intensely  cold  ;  many  cases  of 
frost  bite.  December  9,  marched  at  7  A.  M.,  camped  at  I  P.  M., 
having  marched  six  hours  without  a  halt.  December  u,  at  7  A.  M. 
the  regiment  reached  the  Rappahannock.  Fredericksburg  was  be- 
ing vigorously  shelled  and  the  Confederate  lines  of  battle  were 
plainly  visible.  The  Webster  Regiment,  with  the  rest  of  Franklin's 
left  grand  division,  waited  for  the  bridges.  The  engineers  lost  90 
men  while  laying  a  bridge  of  19  boats.  Crossed  the  river  early  in 
the  morning  of  the  I2th,  the  regiment  leading  its  brigade.  Line  of 
battle  was  formed  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  and  the  troops 
rested  on  their  arms  for  the  night.  The  weather  was  cold,  the  fog 
seemed  to  pierce  one's  very  bones ;  fires  and  smoking  were  strictly 
forbidden  on  the  part  of  those  who  lay  there  that  dreary,  never- 
to-be-forgotten  night,  gloomily  watching  the  bonfires  of  the  Con- 
federate pickets. 

The  next  morning  in  maneuvering  the  troops  and  advancing,  the 
Twelfth  became  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  brigade,  and  the 
regiment  advanced  till  it  had  expended  all  its  ammunition  and 
was  just  rejoining  the  brigade  when  Gen.  Taylor  called  for  a  charge. 
Over  the  railroad,  through  the  ditch,  into  the  woods  rushed  the 
Twelfth,  capturing  200  prisoners.  No  supports  coming  the  regi- 
ment fell  back  slowly  and  in  good  order.  It  was  six  hours  under 
fire,  but  its  greatest  loss  had  been  in  the  last  two  hours.  Two  hund- 
red and  fifty-eight  men  went  into  action.  The  casualty  list  was  four 
officers  killed  and  19  wounded;  10  men  killed  and  69  wounded. 
Capts.  Allen  and  Hazel  were  again  among  the  wounded  at  Freder- 
icksburg. 

Col.  Bates  of  the  Twelfth,  under  date  of  December  16,  1862, 
writes  as  follows  to  Gen.  Schouler  : 

"I  have  the  honor  to  report  the  particulars  of  the  battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg, fought  on  the  I3th  inst.,  so  far  as  the  Twelfth  was  con- 
concerned. 

"Our  position  at  the  right  of  the  line  was  taken  at  nine  o'clock 


136  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

A.  M.  The  enemy  was  hidden  from  sight  by  a  thick  wood.  We  re- 
mained lying  down  till  one  o'clock  P.  M.,  under  a  brisk  fire  of  shot 
and  shell,  the  skirmishers  being  hotly  engaged,  the  balls  of  the 
enemy  passing  over  us.  During  those  four  hours  we  had  but  one 
man  of  the  Twelfth  injured.  At  one  o'clock  the  signal  to  advance 
was  given  to  the  whole  division.  Immediately  the  advance  began, 
when  a  heavy  firing  of  musketry  broke  from  the  whole  line  of  woods 
in  our  front.  Gen.  Taylor's  brigade  stood  the  fire  some  thirty  min- 
utes, when  ours  was  ordered  to  relieve  them.  As  we  advanced  our 
regiment  got  separated  from  the  brigade  by  the  retiring  regiments  of 
the  Third,  and  continued  to  advance  independently,  taking  a  position 
and  firing  until  our  ammunition  began  to  fail.  Our  brigade  had 
fallen  to  the  rear  and  we  were  alone  till  the  third  line  came  forward ; 
our  solid  ranks  broke  the  right  of  the  line,  which  opened  to  the 
right  and  left,  to  get  to  the  front,  where  it  was  quickly  formed. 

"We  followed  the  Sixteenth  Maine,  now  in  our  front,  a  short  dis- 
tance, and  being  out  of  ammunition  were  about  to  join  our  brigade 
in  the  rear,  when  Col.  Root  came  to  me  saying,  'Don't  retire.'  I 
told  him  our  condition,  '  Never  mind/  said  he,  '  I  am  going  to  make  a 
charge.'  I  at  once  gave  the  command  to  fix  bayonets  and  file  to  the 
right  of  this  brigade,  and  charged  with  them  into  the  woods.  About 
200  of  the  enemy  rushed  through  our  lines  without  arms  and  gave 
themselves  up  as  prisoners  of  war.  We  carried  our  position  and  re- 
mained waiting  sometime  for  a  support.  It  did  not  come;  none  was 
in  sight ;  a  fatal  fire  was  still  kept  up  by  an  unseen  foe  and  our  men 
were  constantly  falling.  Capts.  Ridley,  Reed,  Packard  and  Clark 
were  already  wounded  and  a  hundred  of  our  men  had  fallen  and  we 
were  compelled  reluctantly  to  abandon  our  position. 

"  I  consulted  with  the  officers  and  they  decided  it  was  useless  to 
remain,  and  the  order  was  given  to  'about  face.'  We  marched  back 
slowly  and  reluctantly,  in  good  order,  bearing  our  tattered  banners 
with  us  safely.  As  we  emerged  from  the  woods,  Gen.  Taylor  rode 
up  to  me  saying,  '  Colonel,  I  am  now  in  command  of  the  division,' 
(Gen.  Gibbon  having  been  wounded),  'Keep  your  position  ;  there  is 
your  support,'  at  the  same  time  pointing  to  a  force  just  emerging 
from  the  woods  on  our  left.  This  force  I  had  before  observed,  and 
informed  the  general  that  it  was  a  force  of  the  enemy.  He  looked 
again  and  it  proved  to  be  the  advance  of  a  portion  of  the  enemy. 
We  were  then  ordered  to  the  line  occupied  in  the  morning  to  await 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  137 

orders.  As  we  retired  we  took  with  us  our  wounded  officers.  After 
reaching  our  position,  we  were  supplied  with  ammunition  and  rations. 
We  remained  under  arms  during  the  night,  and  early  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  I4th  were  ordered  to  a  new  position,  where  we  remained 
till  the  night  of  the  I5th,  when  we  crossed  the  river  with  the  Corps. 

"The  Twelfth  was  under  fire  six  hours.  Our  loss  was  made  with 
the  exception  of  one  man,  during  the  last  two  hours  of  the  six. 
During  that  time  we  lost  one  hundred  and  five  out  of  two  hundred 
and  fifty-eight  which  we  took  into  the  fight.  And  now  permit  me 
to  bear  testimony  to  the  gallantry  of  both  officers  and  men.  Every 
order  was  obeyed  promptly ;  and  not  a  man  fell  from  the  ranks  ex- 
cept the  killed  and  wounded,  and  a  few  who  were  detailed  to  care  for 
the  wounded.  Not  once  did  the  regiment  falter.  As  soon  as  one 
man  fell  from  the  ranks  they  were  closed  again,  and  officers  and 
men  were  enthusiastic.  Lieut.-Col.  Allen  was  ubiquitous ;  Capt. 
Ripley  as  firm  as  adamant ;  Capts.  Handy,  Cook,  Hastings,  Reed, 
Packard  and  Clark  were  all  active  and  faithful  in  the  discharge  of 
their  duties.  But  it  is  hard  to  particularize  where  all  discharged 
their  duties  so  faithfully.  Our  State  flag,  which  is  riddled  and  torn 
to  shreds,  I  propose  sending  to  you,  to  be  preserved  as  a  sacred 
relic,  should  you  approve  of  my  doing  so.  It  can  be  carried  no 
longer  except  it  be  furled." 

The  Boston  Herald,  of  December  16,  1862,  says: 

"  It  was  a  grand  sight  to  see  the  old  and  tried  Twelfth  Regiment, 
when  ordered  to  the  front,  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  left  wing,  led 
by  one  of  the  bravest  of  men,  Col.  Bates,  and  his  entire  corps  of 
under  officers,  in  command  of  the  bravest  boys  that  ever  took  the 
field,  march  with  steady  steps  and  rapid  firing  to  the  thicket.  They 
charged  into  the  woods  in  face  and  eyes  of  a  perfect  shower  of 
leaden  hail  from  the  rebels  concealed  in  the  trenches  and  brush. 
The  brave  boys  never  flinched,  but  fought  until  their  ammunition 
was  exhausted.  On  this  occasion  the  Twelfth  Regiment  secured 
to  themselves  immortal  honors  in  the  manner  in  which  they  fought 
and  fell." 

December  22,  found  the  regiment  encamped  one  mile  from  Belle 
Plain,  where  they  began  to  build  winter  quarters.  January  I,  1863, 
dawned  bright  and  cold  and  brought  with  it  news  of  the  Emancipa- 
tion Proclamation. 

January  20,  broke  camp  and  marched  in  the  direction  of  Bank's 


138  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Ford,  at  1 1  A.  M.  Late  at  night  amid  a  furious  rain-storm, 
bivouaced  in  a  ploughed  field  four  miles  above  the  Ford.  At  day- 
light next  morning  everything  was  one  sea  of  mud.  Then  came  the 
episode  known  to  history  as  "  Burnside's  Mud  March."  The  surface 
of  the  country  was  a  vast  plain  of  mud,  with  an  occasional  hilltop 
peering  above  ;  rain  was  steadily  falling.  It  seemed  as  if  the  whole 
bottom  of  the  country  had  fallen  out.  Through  all  this,  in  squads 
of  twos  and  threes  Burnside's  unfortunate  army  splashed,  swam  and 
floundered  in  the  endeavor  to  regain  its  old  camping  grounds. 

Burnside,  at  his  own  request,  was  relieved  of  the  command  of  the 
army,  and  "Fighting  Joe  Hooker,"  who  had  gained  much  glory  at 
South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  was  given  the  command  of  the  weary, 
half-clothed  and  half-fed  multitudes  that  composed  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  Marching  rations  only  were  allowed  and,  being  ordered 
issued  for  several  days,  would  frequently  be  ruined  by  rain  and 
dampness  before  others  were  due.  Cold  weather  and  hard  work 
gave  the  men  keen  appetites,  and  three,  five  and  eight  days  of 
insufficient  rations  frequently  disappeared  from  this  cause  much 
sooner  than  intended.  Capt.  Cook  received  a  pleasant  surprise  by 
being  presented  with  a  beautiful  sword  from  members  of  Co.  E. 
UNDER  HOOKER  AT  CHANCELLORSVILLE. 

The  Twelfth  was  now  in  the  Second  Brigade,  Second  Division,  First 
Corps.  From  now  till  February  12,  the  regiment  was  occupied  in 
drilling,  etc.  On  this  date  146  men  were  called  for  picket  duty. 
The  regiment  only  had  93  ;  these,  therefore,  had  a  48-hours'  tour  of 
this  duty.  Money  was  scarce  and  prices  high.  Butter,  80  cents  per 
pound  ;  cheese,  40  cents  ;  and  tea  $3.00. 

An  effort  was  made  March  1 1  to  get  the  Twelfth  ordered  home 
to  recruit,  "  being  the  smallest  Massachusetts  regiment  in  the  field, 
its  highest  aggregate  falling  short  of  three  hundred  men  for  duty." 
In  a  regimental  order,  issued  by  Col.  Bates,  commanding  officer,  is 
the  following:  "The  colonel  commanding  will  make  the  effort  to 
take  the  regiment  to  Massachusetts  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting ; 
should  he  succeed,  he  hopes  the  little  band  of  braves  remaining  will 
please  their  friends  at  home  as  much  by  their  gallant  and  soldier- 
like bearing  as  they  have  by  their  unflinching  courage  in  the  field. 
If  he  fails  in  this  attempt,  he  still  would  have  the  Twelfth  as  marked 
as  it  ever  has  been  in  all  that  makes  the  true  soldier  and  patriot." 

JAMES  L.  BATES,  Colonel  Commanding. 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  139 

March  28,  the  entire  regiment  was  on  picket.  April  30  found  the 
regiment  lying  in  support  on  the  flats  below  Falmouth,  and  vigor- 
ously shelled  by  the  enemy.  The  division  suffered  considerably. 
May  2,  at  midnight,  reached  the  right  of  the  line,  12  miles  above 
Fredericksburg,  and  deployed  as  skirmishers  through  the  woods. 
The  next  day  found  the  regiment  in  rear  of  the  rebel  line  of  battle, 
where  it  captured  101  prisoners  and  two  commissioned  officers, 
besides  inducing  a  picket  line  to  accept  our  hospitalities.  Skirmished 
all  day  and  at  night -fall,  fell  back  into  some  strong  breastworks. 

Hall's  Battery,  and  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Massachusetts 
Regiments,  accompanied  by  Gen.  Robinson,  made  a  reconnois- 
sance  near  Ely's  Ford.  Finding  the  enemy  in  force,  and  being  under 
orders  not  to  bring  on  an  engagement,  the  party  retraced  its  steps 
and,  on  May  6,  recrossed  the  Rappahannock,  and  camped  near 
White  Oak  Chapel. 

Chancellorsville  was  over ;  the  regiment's  loss  was  slight,  but  its 
duty  had  been  wearisome  and  trying.  From  April  28  to  May  8,  it 
had  marched  over  100  miles,  with  less  than  48  hours  sleep.  From 
May  8  to  June  27,  the  regiment  was  marching  day  and  night  through 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  reaching  Emmettsburg,  June  29. 

UNDER  MEADE  AT  GETTYSBURG. 

June  29,  after  a  march  of  23  miles,  the  regiment  camped  at  night 
a  little  north  of  Emmettsburg,  Md.  July  I,  after  a  march  of  a  few 
miles,  reached  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  where  the  regiment  went  into  action. 
"  At  this  time  no  enemy  was  visible  in  our  immediate  front,  except  a 
line  of  skirmishers,  whose  position  behind  a  stone  wall  gave  them  an 
opportunity  to  annoy  us  considerably.  They  were  handsomely  dis- 
lodged by  Co.  K,  Capt.  Hazel,  who,  deploying  his  company,  moved 
forward  at  a  double  quick,  and  drove  them  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet.  The  enemy  made  a  demonstration  on  our  left  flank,  the 
brigade  rapidly  changed  front,  forward  on  its  left,  and  occupied  the 
crest  of  the  hill;  each  regiment  opened  fire  as  soon  as  in  position, 
and  the  whole  line  was  soon  engaged. 

"  A  second  change  of  front  by  the  regiment  enabled  it  to  deliver 
a  destructive  enfilading  fire  into  the  advancing  lines  of  the  enemy  at 
short  range,  while  the  troops  on  its  left  received  them  with  a  steady 
and  rapid  fire  in  front.  This  soon  brought  the  enemy  to  show  the 
white  flag,  and  resulted  in  the  capture  of  what  was  left  of  Iverson's 
North  Carolina  Brigade.  The  enemy  was  now  observed  bringing  up 


140  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

heavy  re-enforcements  and  advancing  another  brigade  against  our 
front,  made  another  change  of  front  necessary.  This  was  quickly 
and  handsomely  done  by  the  two  right  regiments,  (Ninetieth  Penn., 
and  Twelfth  Mass.),  and  we  were  thus  enabled  to  hold  our  ground 
against  a  vastly  superior  force  for  more  than  an  hour.  This,  when 
our  ammunition  was  nearly  expended." 

The  regiment's  loss  at  Gettysburg  was  :  Killed,  9  ;  wounded,  41  ; 
missing,  61  ;  making  a  total  of  in.  The  regiment  continued  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  following  up  Lee,  till  the  fall  of  1863. 

This  was  the  first  day's  fight ;  the  second  and  third,  the  Twelfth 
was  in  various  parts  of  the  line,  acting  as  support  ;  on  the  third, 
during  Lee's  famous  cannonade,  the  Twelfth  was  on  Cemetery  Hill, 
and,  with  the  Ninetieth  Penn.,  was  ordered  to  assist  in  repulsing 
Pickett's  historic  charge.  The  regimental  loss  during  July  2  and  3, 
was  three  wounded,  making  a  total  for  the  three  days  at  Gettys- 
burg, 1 14.  The  regiment  remained  on  the  field  till  July  6,  when  it 
marched  to  Emmettsburg,  eight  miles. 

THE  FALL  OF  1863.      MINE  RUN. 

From  July  18,  when  the  regiment  crossed  the  Potomac,  to  Decem- 
ber 2,  it  marched  nearly  300  miles,  and  though  not  actually 
engaged  with  the  enemy  to  any  great  extent,  bore  its  full  share 
of  hardship  and  privation.  The  Twelfth  was  continually  on  duty, 
picket,  skirmishing,  railroad-building,  marching  and  counter- march- 
ing, and  at  1 1  A.  M.,  November  27,  reached  Robertson's  Tavern, 
finding  Warren  engaged  with  the  enemy.  The  division  re-en- 
forced him,  and  the  rebels  retreated  to  a  strong  position  on  the 
west  bank  of  Mine  Run.  At  daybreak  on  the  28th,  marched  two 
miles  more,  and  formed  line  of  battle  near  Mine  Run,  where  Lee 
was  concentrated  and  intrenched.  At  a  little  after  dark,  the  Twelfth 
again  went  on  picket.  The  line  of  battle  was  six  miles  in  length. 
The  29th,  the  Twelfth  lay  on  its  arms  all  day,  and  the  next,  Meade 
announced  his  plan  of  battle.  All  was  ready,  when  the  scheme 
was  pronounced  hopeless.  December  12,  the  Twelfth  marched  at 

4  P.  M.,    for  Germania    Ford,  where  it  bivouaced  after  a  ten-mile 
march  and,  on    December  2,  crossed  the  Rapidan  on   pontoons  at 

5  A.  M.,  marched  three-quarters  of  a  mile  and  stacked  arms  ;   at  10 
were  sent    to  support   a  battery  ;    at   noon  marched  and  bivouaced 
at  Brandy   Station,   after   a  twelve-mile   journey.     Thus  ended  the 
campaign  of  1863. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  141 

THE  LAST  WINTER. 

At  9  A.  M.,  December  3,  the  regiment  marched  without  rations  and 
waded  Kelley's  Ford,  water  waist  deep,  and  camped  on  the  north  side 
of  the  river  ;  on  the  next  day  they  recrossed  and  camped  on  the  south 
side.  December  10,  orders  were  received  to  get  ready  for  winter 
quarters,  and  on  the  ijth,  work  on  the  houses  being  completed,  the 
men  occupied  them.  The  mud  in  camp  was  knee  deep.  On  the 
24th,  it  marched  24  miles  and  camped  near  Cedar  Run,  and  on  the 
25th,  after  a  hard  day's  work,  got  into  winter  quarters. 

January  i,  1864,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Cedar  Mountain,  and 
the  next  day,  in  a  driving  snowstorm,  marched  at  6  A.  M.  On  the 
5th  they  were  ordered  to  Culpepper,  which  was  reached  at  dark,  and 
on  the  29th,  moved  again  to  Sperryville  Pike,  where  the  third 
winter  quarters  were  established.  February  5  and  6  the  regiment 
was  under  a  brisk  artillery  fire  of  the  rebels,  with  orders  not  to  bring 
on  an  engagement  and  on  the  /th,  the  artillery  fire  grew  so  hot  that 
the  regiment  shifted  camp.  During  the  day  the  camp  was  changed 
three  times  and  marched  20  miles,  reaching  Culpepper  at  9  A.  M. 

UNDER  GRANT.      THE  LAST  CAMPAIGN.      BATTLE  OF  THE 
WILDERNESS. 

March  I,  1864,  Grant  was  made  commander-in-chief.  The  Twenty- 
first  and  the  Twelfth  were  placed  on  picket.  On  the  24th,  Grant 
came.  The  First  and  Fifth  Corps  were  consolidated.  On  May  3, 
the  Twelfth  received  marching  orders,  and  moved  at  midnight,  and 
at  noon  of  the  next  day  crossed  the  Rapidan,  marched  five  miles  and 
bivouaced  at  Old  Wilderness  Tavern.  The  Twelfth  was  sent  on 
picket.  The  whole  distance  marched  was  17  miles.  At  4  A.  M.,  of 
the  next  day,  they  marched  in  the  direction  of  Parker's  Store.  After 
traveling  a  short  distance,  Crawford's  Division  struck  Hill's  column, 
which  was  advancing  to  meet  us.  The  enemy  was  found  to  be 
strongly  posted.  On  the  right  the  Sixth  Corps  gave  way,  but  the 
rebels  kept  on  the  defensive.  After  losing  300x3  men,  Warren  (in 
command  of  the  First  and  Fifth  Corps),  fell  back  and  formed  a  new 
line.  Wadsworth's  Division  was  sent  with  our  brigade  to  assail 
Hill's  flank  and  rear.  After  a  tiresome  march,  at  about  dark,  we  got  into 
position,  and  then  advanced  one  mile,  firing  rapidly.  At  this 
juncture,  some  of  Co.  E,  on  the  right  of  the  line,  discovered  a 
column  of  rebels  moving  to  our  right  to  outflank  us.  Part  of  the 
Twelfth  changed  front  to  the  right,  and  delivered  a  destructive  fire, 


142  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

which  broke  the  rebel  line,  but  it  soon  rallied.  It  was  now  8.30  P.  M. 
and  we  rested  on  our  arms  for  the  night,  so  near  to  the  rebel 
skirmishers  that,  as  Lossing  says,  "  the  combatants  drew  water  from 
the  same  brook."  Lieutenant-Colonel  David  Allen,  Jr.,  who  was 
serving  on  Gen.  Robinson's  staff,  was  killed  during  the  day.  The 
total  casualties  were;  Killed,  15  ;  wounded,  42  ;  total,  57. 

May  6,  at  daybreak,  the  Twelfth  was  thrown  out  as  skirmishers, 
and  advancing  on  the  double-quick,  closely  followed  by  the  rest  of 
the  brigade,  drove  the  enemy  about  two  miles,  gaining  possession  of 
the  Plank  Road.  The  woods  were  so  thick  that  at  no  time  were  a 
thousand  men  visible  from  one  point.  Grant  issued  his  famous 
order,  "Attack  along  the  whole  line."  At  five  o'clock,  and  with  the 
Twelfth  as  skirmishers,  the  Corps  of  Hancock  and  Warren 
advanced  to  the  assault.  The  loss  at  this  time,  to  the  regiment,  was 
4  killed  and  21  wounded,  a  total  for  the  day  of  25. 

On  the  morning  of  May  7,  four  companies  of  the  regiment  were 
attacked  but  handsomely  repulsed  their  assailants,  two  being  killed, 
and  four  wounded.  At  9  A.  M.,  the  regiment  was  relieved,  and  at  9 
P.  M.,  commenced  the  march  to  Spottsylvania  Court  House. 

SPOTTSYLVANIA. 

Near  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  a  fierce  fire  was  encountered 
from  the  woods.  The  Twelfth  was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and 
drove  the  enemy's  line  of  dismounted  cavalry  about  three  miles.  At 
this  time  Gen.  Robinson,  commanding  the  division,  was  wounded. 
The  firing  was  so  furious  that  a  Maryland  brigade  in  the  Fifth  Corps 
gave  way.  The  Twelfth,  by  Gen.  Warren's  orders,  fixed  bayonets, 
deployed  under  a  murderous  fire,  and  stopped  the  flight  of  the  fugi- 
tives towards  the  rear.  The  Twelfth  here  lost  5  killed  and  1 1 
wounded.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cook  was  in  charge  of  the  regiment, 
Col.  Bates  being  in  command  of  the  brigade.  After  several  wild 
attempts  to  break  our  line,  the  enemy  desisted  from  further  effort. 
From  this  time  until  the  nth,  the  regiment  was  engaged  several 
times.  At  three  P.  M.,  of  the  loth,  an  attack  was  made  upon  the 
enemy's  works,  which  were  carried,  the  regiment  being  under  fire  six 
hours  :  23  officers  and  men  were  killed  and  wounded  ;  men  in  dis- 
charging their  muskets  in  the  woods  set  the  grass  and  bushes  on 
fire,  and  many  of  the  wounded  were  burned.  At  8  A.  M.  of  May  1 1, 
the  Corps  began  a  series  of  assaults  on  the  enemy's  position.  An 
officer  of  the  brigade  says  :  "  Our  lines  moved  to  the  assault  with  a 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  143 

firm  and  steady  tread,  but  life  was  completely  thrown  away.  It  was 
madness  to  attempt  the  charge.  The  troops  behaved  handsomely, 
however,  but  none  were  braver,  or  faced  the  deadly  shot  of  the 
enemy  with  more  heroism  than  the  old  and  tried  Twelfth  Massachu- 
setts. A  finer  body  of  men  never  fought  the  Confederates."  The 
loss  of  the  regiment  was  3  officers  killed  and  4  wounded  ;  7  men 
killed  and  10  wounded  ;  total  loss,  24. 

May  12.  At  noon  it  began  to  rain  and  the  rifle  pits  were  speedily 
filled  with  water.  Being  constantly  under  fire,  it  was  impossible  to 
pitch  tents.  The  regiment  went  on  the  skirmish  line  and  at  1 1 
A.  M.  orders  came  to  withdraw.  Capt.  Hazel,  in  command  of  Co. 
K,  covered  the  rear,  under  so  hot  a  fire  from  the  enemy  that  they 
were  compelled  to  close  up  on  the  center  and  form  line  of  battle. 

May  17,  at  7  A.  M.  the  troops  moved  about  two  miles  to  the  left 
and  front,  under  fire,  and  threw  up  breastworks.  Col.  Coulter  being 
wounded,  Col.  Bates  was  once  more- in  command  of  the  brigade,  and 
Lieut.-Col.  Cook  in  command  of  the  regiment. 

May  18  and  19,  heavy  firing  in  front  of  the  brigade;  at  10.30 
A.  M.  of  the  2ist,  the  regiment  commenced  a  forced  march,  crossed 
the  Matapony,  encountering  a  rebel  cavalry  division,  which  retreated 
as  the  troops  advanced.  The  regiment  was  sent  on  picket.  At 
5  A.  M.,  the  brigade  started  on  reconnoissance,  drove  a  rebel  cavalry 
regiment  about  three  miles,  and  gained  some  valuable  information 
which  Col.  Bates  forwarded,  with  a  batch  of  prisoners.  Advanced 
detachments  were  called  in  and  pickets  withdrawn,  and  the  brigade 
started  to  rejoin  its  corps,  having  obtained  important  information 
which  determined  the  future  movements  of  the  whole  army.  For 
this  the  brigade  was  complimented  in  General  Orders. 

On  May  23,  the  column  pushed  on  to  the  North  Anna  and  at 
3  P.  M.  formed  line  of  battle.  The  Twelfth  was  detailed  as  skirmish- 
ers for  the  brigade,  was  posted  and  ordered  to  lie  down.  For  three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  shot  and  shell  flew  lively,  but  only  one  casualty 
occurred.  May  24,  on  picket.  Advanced  and  captured  many  pris- 
oners. At  10.30  formed  line  of  battle  on  the  North  Anna;  en- 
trenchments were  thrown  up  and  the  Twelfth  deployed  as  skirmish- 
ers, becoming  engaged  immediately.  The  enemy  were  in  strong 
force,  but  being  sheltered  by  thick  woods,  our  loss  was  slight. 
Remained  on  picket  all  night.  May  25,  fought  alone  and  unaided 
for  nearly  two  hours.  Re-formed  in  rear  of  the  brigade,  which  had 


144  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

erected  breastworks.  The  losses  this  day  were  two  officers  and  one 
man  killed  ;  officer  and  13  men  wounded,  17  in  all. 

May  27,  28  and  29,  were  devoted  to  marching,  counter-marching 
and  building  works  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Pamunkey.  On  the 
3Oth  the  brigade  reported  for  reconnoitring  duty  and  was  soon 
briskly  engaged.  After  an  hour's  severe  struggle  the  enemy  was 
repulsed.  The  loss  of  the  Twelfth  was  2  killed  and  6  wounded. 
Remained  in  intrenchments  till  June  i.  On  that  date  the  regiment 
marched  to  the  Cold  Harbor  Road,  where  the  night  was  spent  in 
building  works,  and  on  the  next  day  advanced,  the  Twelfth  doing 
skirmish  duty  for  the  brigade.  Orders  were  issued  for  a  general 
assault  at  4.30  A.  M.  of  the  3d,  and  in  the  face  of  a  tremendous  fire 
our  skirmishers  drove  the  enemy  from  their  rifle  pits.  The  contest 
lasted  without  intermission,  all  day.  Early  in  the  morning  repulsed 
an  attack  made  by  the  enemy's  skirmishers  in  front  of  our  brigade. 
Regiment's  loss  was  three,  slightly  wounded. 

June  6  an  armistice  of  a  few  days  was  arranged  to  bury  the  dead, 
many  of  whom  had  been  lying  between  the  lines  for  four  days. 
June  13,  the  regiment  was  again  on  the  skirmish  line,  four  men 
being  wounded ;  at  dark  the  skirmishers  were  withdrawn,  and  fol- 
lowed the  corps  towards  the  James  river,  marching  all  night,  halting 
at  St.  Mary's  church.  Since  June  II,  they  had  marched  fifty-five 
miles.  June  14,  at  5  A.M.  the  regiment  marched  and  encamped  three 
miles  from  Charles  City  Court  House.  A  pontoon  bridge  two  thou- 
sand feet  long  was  laid  across  the  James  river.  June  16,  marched  to 
the  river  and  crossed  on  steamer  "James  Brooks,"  reaching  Peters- 
burgh  at  dark,  finding  the  Ninth  Corps  hotly  engaged.  The  division 
was  sent  to  support  Burnside ;  advanced  through  tangled  thickets  and 
marshy  ground  under  a  heavy  fire  and  captured  some  prisoners.  A 
general  assault  was  then  made  and  bloodily  repulsed.  Another 
assault  was  made  the  I7th,  the  Twelfth  being  on  the  skirmish  line. 
Orders  were  to  drive  the  enemy  to  their  entrenchments  on  the  rail- 
road. Col.  Bates,  in  his  report  says:  "This  was  performed  under 
Lieut. -Col.  Cook  in  gallant  style,  advancing  so  far  that  the  remainder 
of  the  brigade  thought  they  had  been  taken  prisoners."  Abbot's 
History  of  the  Civil  War  says  :  "  The  gallant  assailants  drove  the 
rebels  from  their  position  and  captured  a  stand  of  colors,  six  guns 
and  400  men."  This  capture  was  made  by  the  forces  engaged. 

The   regiment   remained  on  the  skirmish  line  and  with   others 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  145 

> 

"kept  matters  so  hot  that  in  one  instance  a  'reb'  gunner,  after  load- 
ing his  gun  was  unable  to  withdraw  his  rammer,  and  so  fired  it  into 
our  lines." 

June  23,  the  regiment  was  relieved  by  Col.  Wilcox  with  the  Ninth 
Corps  and  moved  two  and  a  half  miles  to  the  left  under  a  heavy 
shell  fire. 

Here  ended  the  Twelfth's  actual  service.  It  had  been  almost  con- 
stantly on  duty  in  this  campaign  as  skirmishers,  having  been  espec- 
ially selected  on  account  of  its  steadiness  and  reliability.  During 
the  advance  to  Petersburg  the  regiment  captured  more  than  its  own 
strength  in  prisoners. 

According  to  the  memorandum  kept  by  Col.  Bates  from  May  5  to 
June  25,  a  period  of  50  days,  the  regiment  had  been  under  fire  forty- 
one  distinct  times.  The  same  authority  declared  that  the  regiment 
never  fired  into  its  friends,  and  always  manifested  a  Prussian 
stoicism. 

The  following  table  shows  the  losses  in  the  regiment  during  the 
same  space  of  time.  Officers  killed,  5;  men,  41;  officers  wounded, 
3  ;  men  wounded,  120;  missing  men,  3  ;  aggregate,  172.  One  officer 
and  twelve  men  were  taken  prisoners. 

The  re-enlisted  men  and  conscripts  were  turned  over  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  and  at  3  P.  M.  of  June  25, 
the  Twelfth,  numbering  85  men,  marched  for  City  Point. 

The  correspondent  of  the  Boston  Journal  wrote  : 

"This  regiment,  noted  for  its  modesty  as  well  as  gallantry  and 
heroic  conduct,  retired  so  quietly  from  the  lines  that  its  absence  was 
not  generally  known  till  it  was  far  on  its  way  for  home.  Had  its 
departure  been  known  in  time,  it  would  have  received  such  demon- 
strations of  respect  as  have  been  accorded  to  none  other." 

The  regiment  remained  at  City  Point  till  the  27th,  and  then 
embarked  on  the  steamer  "Vanderbilt"  for  Washington,  reaching 
there  in  the  afternoon  of  the  28th  and,  in  the  afternoon,  took  cars 
for  Boston.  Passing  through  New  York  the  Twelfth  received  a  cor- 
dial welcome  from  their  old  comrades  of  N.  Y.  S.  M.  All  along  the 
route  the  regiment  kept  swelling  its  numbers  by  receiving  men  who 
had  been  absent  on  detached  service  or  in  the  hospitals.  On  the 
morning  of  July  i,  1864,  it  reached  Boston  with  170  men.  Break- 
fasting at  Beach  Street  Barracks,  at  1 1  o'clock  A.  M.,  escorted  by 
the  Westborough  Independent  Company  of  militia,  with  Gilmore's 


146  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Band,  it  took  its  last  march  to  Faneuil  Hall.  Repeatedly  were  the 
veterans  greeted  with  the  heartiest  cheers.  Thirteen  officers 
returned  with  the  regiment,  which  took  to  the  front  thirty-nine  ; 
other  officers  of  the  regiment  were  absent,  wounded,  on  detached 
service  or  in  rebel  prisons.  Companies  A,  B  and  F  brought  home  no 
officers.  Capt.  Hazel  of  Co.  K  was  the  only  officer  of  his  company 
who  returned.  Company  A  brought  home  only  three  men  in  its 
ranks.  The  regiment  reached  Faneuil  Hall  about  noon,  where  a 
collation  was  provided  by  the  City  Committee.  The  hall  was  nicely 
decorated  and  filled  with  its  friends.  Mayor  Lincoln  welcomed  them 
in  behalf  of  the  city,  and  Adjt.-Gen.  Schouler  in  behalf  of  the  gover- 
nor. The  regiment  was  furloughed  till  10  o'clock,  Monday,  July  8, 
when  they  re-assembled  on  Boston  Common  and  the  roll  called  for 
the  last  time  by  First  Lieut.  P.  B.  C.  Maloney,  Fourteenth  U.  S. 
Infantry,  announcing  that  the  "Twelfth  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teers are  hereby  mustered  out  of  service"  and  the  Twelfth  (Web- 
ster) Regiment  passed  into  history. 

On  December  u,  1864,  the  colors  of  the  regiment  which  they 
brought  home  were  formally  presented  to  the  State,  the  comrades 
marching  with  them  to  the  State  House  for  that  purpose. 

The  losses  during  the  war  were  as  follows  :  Officers  killed  and 
died  of  wounds,  18  ;  men  killed,  144;  officers  wounded,  34;  (of  these 
two  died  of  wounds) ;  men  wounded,  473  ;  officers  missing,  5 ;  men 
missing,  178;  total  loss,  850.  The  killed,  wounded  and  missing  of 
Co.  K  numbered  83,  and  five  died  of  disease,  making  88.  During  the 
war  a  few  recruits  and  conscripts  were  received  by  the  several 
companies. 

Of  many  testimonials  which  exist  touching  the  estimation  in  which 
the  Twelfth  Webster  Regiment  was  held,  the  following  tribute  is 
copied  from  the  Boston  Journal'. 

WALNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  Sept.  i,  1881. 
To  the  Editor  of  the  Boston  Journal : 

In  reading  your  paper  this  moment  laid  down,  my  eye  was 
attracted  by  an  article  headed  the  "Twelfth  Regiment,  Webster."  I 
think  it  will  give  pleasure  to  those  who  survive  of  that  regiment  to 
know  what  their  commander,  Gen.  Meade,  thought  of  them.  We 
met  in  Independence  Square,  and  I  questioned  the  general  as  to  the 
fighting  qualities  of  our  soldiers.  He  spoke  in  a  general  way  of  all, 
not  detracting  from  any,  but  he  said  the  Massachusetts  Twelfth  he 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  147 

thought  the  finest  regiment  in  the  service.  These  were  his  words. 
And  if  there  is  an  officer  or  soldier  of  that  regiment  now  living,  he 
should  transmit  to  his  descendants  these  noble  words. 

A.   L.  ELWYN. 

Dr.  Elwyn  is  a  retired  physician  living  at  1422  Walnut  Street,  and 
his  reputation  for  veracity  is  unquestioned  by  P,hiladelphians. 

At  the  present  writing  the  surviving  members  of  Company  K  are 
Col.  Benjamin  F.  Cook,  Capt.  Edwin  Hazel,  Samuel  W.  Mess,  Ben- 
jamin Parker,  George  W.  Parker,  Edward  H.  Lane,  Josiah  Ober, 
Timothy  Hodgkins,  Geo.  T.  Bailey,  all  of  Gloucester;  Joseph  Carter, 
Rockport;  Julius  Rabady  and  Samuel  Knowlton,  Manchester;  Thos. 
R.  Hicks,  Fall  River;  Rodney  Douglass,  Swampscott ;  John  L. 
Logan,  Lynn ;  William  S.  Todd,  Reading ;  George  W.  Wright, 
Quincy  ;  F.  A.  B.  Lowe  and  George  Hooper. 

CO.  C,  TWENTY-THIRD  MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  Twenty-third  Regiment,  with  the  Twenty-second,  formed 
Wilson's  Brigade,  and  went  into  camp  at  Lynnfield.  Company  C 
enlisted  at  Gloucester,  in  September,  1861,  was  officered  as  follows: 
Captain,  Addison  Center ;  first  lieutenant,  Edward  A.  Story  ;  second 
lieutenant,  Fitz  J.  Babson.  During  the  company's  stay  at  Lynnfield, 
owing  to  Captain  Center's  absence,  Lieutenant  Story  was  virtually 
captain.  These  troops  left  Lynnfield,  November  ii,and  proceeded 
by  boat  to  Perryville,  Md.,  thence  to  Annapolis,  where  they  were  joined 
by  the  Twenty-fourth  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiments,  which 
constituted  Hickman's  Brigade,  Second  Division.  Orders  were  then 
received  to  join  Burnside  in  his  expedition,  and  the  troops  embarked 
on  the  steamer  "Hussar,"  and  the  schooner  "Highlander,"  the 
objective  point  being  Roanoke  Island.  At  Hatteras  Inlet,  the  troops 
had  quite  an  experience  in  the  "  swash,"  a  characteristic  of  those 
waters.  General  Burnside  manifested  a  lively  interest  in  the  troops, 
and  frequently  steamed  by  to  inquire  about  "the  boys."  Harry 
Brown's  organization,  of  Boston,  was  the  regimental  band,  and  recip- 
rocated on  these  occasions  by  playing  its  best  selections.  After 
landing  at  Roanoke  Island,  Colonel  Kurtz,  of  the  Twenty-third,  who 
was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  kept  the  men  busy  at  drill  work. 

After  this  routine,  transports  were  taken  to  Newbern.  A  landing 
was  made  at  Slocum's  Creek.  Here  the  first  glimpse  of  rebels  was 
obtained,  some  cavalry  who  retreated  in  short  order,  leaving  an  appe- 


148  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

tizing  supper  of  ham  and  eggs,  the  regulation  southern  dish,  which 
was  soon  dispatched  by  the  hungry  northerners.  The  line  of  march 
was  resumed  through  a  country  of  bad  roads,  making  travel  very 
laborious. 

March  13,  1862,  they  again  took  up  a  position  in  front  of  the  rebel 
breastworks  at  Newbern  and  bivouaced  on  the  Trent  Road.  The 
next  morning  the  attack  was  made  on  the  Newbern  defences, 
Col.  El  well  having  charge  of  the  left  battalion,  Lieut. -Col.  Merritt 
commanding  the  right.  The  latter  was  killed  almost  at  the  first 
round.  After  all  the  ammunition  had  been  expended,  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  lie  down,  and  were  afterwards  relieved  by  the 
Eleventh  Connecticut.  The  rebels  kept  up  a  sharp  fire.  While 
lying  down,  Sergt.  Arthur  C.  Millett,  who,  with  Lieut.  Story,  was 
acting  as  file-closer,  was  struck  by  a  shot.  He  exclaimed,  "  My  arm 
is  gone,"  and  asked  if  any  others  were  injured.  He  refused  offers 
of  assistance,  and  proceeding  to  the  surgeon's  quarters,  suffered 
amputation  of  the  right  arm. 

Having  captured  Newbern  after  a  hard  struggle,  and  established  a 
base  of  operations,  expeditions  were  constantly  made  into  the  inte- 
rior, which  gave  the  troops  hard  and  exhaustive  work.  Five  miles 
outside  Newbern,  the  regiment  had  a  smart  skirmish  at  Batchelder's 
Creek,  taking  several  prisoners,  after  which  they  returned  for 
provost  duty.  Then  a  tiresome  march  was  made  to  Tarboro,  N.  C., 
and  some  rebel  live  stock  and  supplies  captured  at  Hamilton  and 
Plymouth,  together  with  contrabands. 

In  the  fall  of  1862,  at  the  time  Burnside  was  at  Fredericksburg, 
the  Twenty-third  was  engaged  in  the  Goldsboro,  Kingston  and 
Whitehall  march.  The  rebels  made  a  desperate  stand  at  these 
places,  especially  at  Goldsboro  and  Whitehall.  One  of  the  Co.  C, 
men,  J.  Warren  Story,  was  killed  by  a  shell  and  buried  at  Kingston. 
Quite  a  sharp  fight  was  had  at  Kingston  Bridge,  but  the  expedition 
finally  drove  the  Confederates  back.  After  proceeding  to  Goldsboro 
Bridge,  the  company  returned  to  Newbern,  as  cold  weather  had  set 
in,  the  men  being  poorly  clad. 

The  next  enterprise  was  across  and  beyond  the  Neuse  river. 
Quarters  were  established  at  Camp  Pendleton.  At  this  place  Capt. 
Thomas  Russell  of  Co.  I,  Marblehead,  died  from  an  overdose  of 
aconite,  and  Lieut.  Story  of  Co.  C,  was  elected  captain  in  his  stead. 
January  12,  1863,  the  command  was  dispatched  for  Fort  Sumter,  but 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  149 

when  Edisto  was  reached,  was  ordered  to  Hilton  Head,  S.  C,  thence 
to  Beaufort,  N.  C.  In  April,  they  were  sent  to  Newbern,  where  they 
received  a  royal  reception  from  Gen.  Foster  and  the  troops,  with 
whom  they  were  prime  favorites.  No  time  was  lost.  Next  day  they 
marched  to  Little  Washington,  N.  C.,  returned,  proceeded  to  Carolina 
City,  N.  C.,  and  back  again  to  Newbern.  Part  of  the  regiment  then 
went  to  Little  Washington,  again  returning,  encamping  on  the 
Trent  Road.  Company  I  and  the  balance  of  the  regiment  were 
assigned  to  picket  duty  at  Fort  Totten,  being  relieved  by  the  Tenth 
Connecticut  and  sent  across  the  bridge  into  the  city  for  provost  duty. 

In  the  autumn  of  1863  the  regiment  was  sent  to  Newport  News, 
and  several  weeks  after  was  transferred  across  the  river  to  Getty's 
Station. 

In  April,  1864,  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps  was  dispatched  with 
Butler  to  Yorktown,  made  a  feint  to  mislead  the  enemy,  proceeded  up 
the  James  river  and  landed  at  Bermuda  Hundred.  At  Port  Walthall, 
the  first  engagement  under  Butler  was  fought,  followed  by  another  at 
Arrowfield  Church,  both  stubbornly  contested  by  each  side.  A  few 
days  later,  May  16,  came  the  unexpected  battle  of  Drury's  Bluff. 
The  men  were  tired  from  hard  and  incessant  marching,  but  the  sharp 
firing  of  the  rebels  admonished  them  that  rest  was  not  to  be  thought 
of.  One  of  the  hardest  fought  contests  of  the  campaign  occurred 
here,  the  loss  being  quite  severe,  Lieut. -Col.  Chambers  of  Med- 
ford,  of  the  Twenty-third,  being  among  the  slain.  Then  came 
the  retreat  to  Bermuda  Hundred  and  the  intrenchment  behind 
breastworks  until  orders  came  for  the  Eighteenth  Corps  to  consoli- 
date with  the  Sixth  in  front  of  Petersburg,  the  transports  carrying 
the  troops  down  the  James,  June  i,  to  White  House  Landing.  There 
they  bivouaced,  and  on  June  2  proceeded  to  Cold  Harbor,  a  march 
of  eighteen  miles.  Here  Capt.  Story  and  Capt.  Tom  O'Neill  of 
the  Twenty-fifth  were  detailed  to  guard  the  wagon  train  of  the  Sixth, 
notwithstanding  the  excessive  fatigue  of  the  men.  Capt.  O'Neill 
that  night  had  a  presentiment.  "  I  won't  be  alive  tomorrow  night, 
Ed,"  he  exclaimed  to  Capt.  Story.  The  latter  tried  to  laugh  him 
out  of  the  idea.  The  next  morning  he  was  killed.  June  3,  came  the 
hardest  fight  of  the  campaign,  at  Cold  Harbor.  The  northern  troops 
held  their  position  until  June  12,  digging  holes  in  the  ground  with 
dippers  and  plates  in  order  to  protect  themselves.  On  the  night  of 
the  1 2th  the  troops  were  ordered  to  fall  back  toward  Petersburg,  the 


150  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

rebel  bands  playing  "Dixie"  and  other  selections,  while  the  northern 
musicians  strove  to  keep  up  the  spirits  of  "  the  boys  "  by  patriotic 
selections.  Owing  to  the  lack  of  transports,  another  toilsome  land 
march  was  necessary,  the  regiment  reaching  Bermuda  Hundred, 
where  it  was  attached  to  the  Provisional  Brigade  for  a  short  time, 
being  kept  busily  employed  in  tearing  up  railroad  track.  June  19,  it 
joined  its  own  brigade  and  corps  in  front  of  Petersburg. 

Numerous  skirmishes  were  engaged  in  near  Petersburg,  James  R. 
Saville  being  killed  in  this  vicinity. 

At  the  close  of  this  campaign  the  regiment  came  home  and  was 
mustered  out  Oct.  13,  1864.    Many  stayed  behind  and  re-enlisted  and 
others,  doubtless,  would  have  followed  their  example  but  for  the  fact 
that  the  yellow  fever  was  then  raging  at  Newbern. 
CO.  D,  THIRTY-SECOND  REGIMENT. 

The  fourth  company  to  depart  was  Company  D,  the  men  being 
enlisted  for  three  years.  Its  fortunes,  during  its  term  of  service, 
were  thrown  with  the  Second  Brigade,  First  Division,  Fifth  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

It  was  enlisted  through  the  efforts  of  Capt.  James  A.  Cunning- 
ham and  Second  Lieut.  Stephen  Rich,  for  Capt.  Draper,  of  Boston, 
although  the  latter  took  no  part  in  recruiting.  It  left  town  with 
full  ranks,  November  13,  1861  and,  December  2,  was  mustered 
in  with  the  following  officers  :  Captain,  James  R.  Draper,  of  Boston  ; 
first  lieutenant,  James  A.  Cunningham  ;  second  lieutenant,  Stephen 
Rich.  They  were  taken  to  Fort  Warren,  and  formed  a  part  of  the 
Second  Battalion,  doing  guard  duty,  where  there  were  over  1500 
rebel  prisoners,  among  whom  were  Mason  and  Slidell,  Commodore 
LeBaron,  and  many  other  noted  Confederates.  The  winter  was  cold, 
and  the  men  received  an  early  initiation  into  the  hardships  of  army 
life.  The  company  remained  until  May  26,  1862,  the  battalion  being 
at  first  under  command  of  Maj.  Francis  J.  Parker,  who  had  resigned 
with  the  understanding  that,  as  soon  as  it  was  sent  into  active 
service,  he  was  again  to  have  command.  When  Jackson  was  raiding 
in  the  Shenandoah,  he  received  orders  to  proceed  to  the  front  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel.  He  arrived  at  Fort  Warren  at  one  o'clock  that 
night,  and  orders  were  given  to  be  prepared  to  march  at  10  that 
day.  Promptly  on  time  the  ferry-boat  "Daniel  Webster"  landed 
the  troops  on  T  Wharf.  They  proceeded  to  the  State  House,  where 
they  were  reviewed,  thence'to  New  York,  via  Long  Island  Sound, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  151 

arriving  in  Washington,  and  encamping  on  Capitol  Hill  for  a  fort- 
night. They  then  proceeded  across  the  river  near  Alexandria, 
and  became  attached  to  Gen.  Curtis'  Brigade.  At  the  time  of  the 
Seven  Days'  fighting,  orders  came  to  re-enforce  McClellan  on  the 
Peninsula.  The  troops  were  then  dispatched  to  Fortress  Monroe  by 
steamer,  proceeding  up  the  James,  meeting  a  transport  coming  down 
with  McClellan's  wounded  troops.  At  Harrison's  Landing  they 
were  received  by  one  of  Fitz  John  Porter's  aids,  and  assigned  to  the 
Second  Brigade,  Porter's  Provisional  Corps,  afterwards  known  as  the 
Fifth  Corps.  From  July  31  until  August  14,  the  command  was 
stationed  at  this  place,  after  which  McClellan  retreated  down  the 
Peninsula  to  Newport  News  on  the  James,  then  to  Acquia  Creek  on 
the  Potomac,  thence  by  rail  to  Falmouth,  opposite  Fredericksburg. 
After  this  the  command  was  sent  to  re-enforce  Pope  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock.  They  afterwards  proceeded  to  Bull  Run  and,  August  28, 
formed  on  the  road  to  VVarrenton,  and  were  under  fire  on  the  first 
day,  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  line,  when,  through  some  mistake, 
the  brigade  marched  to  Centreville.  They  were  ordered  back,  and 
met  the  army,  joining  in  the  retreat  to  Centreville  Heights,  after 
which  they  proceeded  to  the  defense  of  Washington  and,  after  a  few 
days,  took  up  the  march  to  Antietam,  participating  in  that  battle, 
Porter's  Corps  being  held  in  reserve.  The  army  then  proceeded  to 
Shepherdstown  and  encamped.  The  Second  Brigade  made  a  recon- 
noissance  through  that  place  in  the  direction  of  Charlestown.  October 
30,  the  army  crossed  the  Potomac  and  the  Shenandoah  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  into  the  Loudon  valley  and,  after  a  few  days'  march,  halted 
at  Warrenton  Junction,  where  McClellan  was  relieved  by  Burnside. 
They  then  proceeded  to  Falmouth,  and  encamped  near  Fredericks- 
burg.  December  13,  orders  were  received  to  cross  the  river  in  front 
of  Fredericksburg,  where  the  great  slaughter  occurred  in  the 
ill-advised  attempt  to  take  the  heights  from  the  rebels.  A  charge 
was  made  through  the  city  within  a  short  distance  of  the  famous 
"stone  wall."  The  command  lay  close  to  the  enemy's  lines,  heads 
down,  for  two  days  and  nights,  until  relieved  by  Burnside's  Corps. 
During  the  night  the  troops  recrossed  the  river,  and  occupied  their 
old  camps,  until  orders  came  to  march.  This  proved  to  be  Burnside's 
famous  "  mud  march."  The  object  sought  was  to  make  a  flank 
movement  on  Fredericksburg,  but  the  troops  were  ordered  back, 
owing  to  the  impassable  condition  of  the  roads. 


152  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Hooker  at  this  juncture  relieved  Burnside  and  took  command  of 
the  army.  For  the  third  time  the  brigade  came  back  to  the  old 
camping  ground,  doing  guard  and  picket  duty  along  the  line  of  the 
Acquia  Creek  Railroad,  near  Stoneman's  Switch.  After  that  came 
a  reconnoissance  to  Morristown  at  Beverly  Ford ;  from  there  the 
troops  crossed  the  river  at  Germania  Ford  to  Chancellorsville,  where 
the  Thirty-Second  was  in  the  hottest  of  the  fight,  a  line  of  dead 
rebels  in  front  showing  the  execution  accomplished.  After  the  re- 
treat from  Chancellorsville,  the  Fifth  Corps  formed  the  rear  guard, 
standing  in  ditches  knee-deep  in  water  during  a  drenching  rain. 
The  command  now  devolved  on  Gen.  Meade,  and  for  the  fourth 
time  went  back  into  camp,  the  roads  being  perfect  quagmires. 
June  12,  the  division  was  ordered  to  Barnett's  Ford,  as  a  corps  of 
observation,  crossing  the  Rappahannock  at  Beverly  Ford,  partici- 
pating in  the  great  cavalry  fight  at  Brandy  Station. 

In  the  meantime  the  army  was  proceeding  towards  Gettysburg,  the 
division  marching  through  Bull  Run  joining  the  forces  arriving  at 
Gum  Spring,  near  Aldie,  on  the  i/th.  The  First  Division  were  again 
ordered  to  support  the  horse  and,  on  the  i8th  passed  through  the  Gap 
and  engaged  in  another  great  cavalry  fight,  driving  the  rebels  back 
eight  miles.  By  forced  marches  of  20  miles  per  day  the  troops  ar- 
rived at  Hanover,  where  they  bivouaced. 

Here  the  weary  soldiers  thought  to  obtain  rest  for  the  night,  but 
as  the  odor  of  the  steaming  coffee  reached  their  nostrils,  were 
ordered  to  proceed  to  Gettysburg.  Shortly  after  halting  a  faint  cheer- 
ing was  heard  among  the  troops.  It  extended  from  line  to  line 
growing  nearer,  heartier,  louder,  until  it  reached  the  Thirty-Second 
where  it  was  taken  up,  passed  along,  growing  fainter  and  fainter 
until  it  was  lost  in  the  distance.  A  camp  rumor  spreading  rapidly  that 
McClellan  had  been  put  in  command,  was  the  cause,  and  as  the  men 
had  the  greatest  confidence  in  his  ability,  the  tidings  evoked  the  great- 
est enthusiasm.  It  was  nothing  but  a  rumor.  A  perfect  moonlight 
night  ended  July  ist,  both  forces  sleeping  on  their  arms  for  the  conflict 
of  the  morrow.  At  three  in  the  morning  the  reveille  was  sounded. 
The  sun  shone  brightly,  the  Brigade  being  stationed  at  Fox  Hill, 
where  the  conflict  was  intended  to  be  fought.  Both  armies  formed 
in  line  of  battle,  each  maneuvering  for  position,  forming  a  magni- 
ficent spectacle.  The  Brigade  crossed  Rock  Creek,  halting  on  the 
Baltimore  Turnpike,  lying  in  reserve,  and  from  there  passed  to  Lit- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  153 

tie  Round  Top,  by  a  by-way.  They  were  then  ordered  to  re-enforce 
Sickles'  Corps,  falling  back  to  the  "  Wheatfield."  While  doing  this 
Gen.  Warren,  the  engineer,  signaled  from  Little  Round  Top  for 
re-enforcements.  The  Third  Brigade  got  on  the  top  of  the  hill 
in  season  to  repulse  the  rebel  troops  who  had  nearly  ascended  its 
summit.  A  minute  later  and  the  Confederates  would  have  held  the 
key  to  the  battle  between  our  army  and  Washington,  compelling  the 
Union  forces  to  fight  Longstreet  on  ground  of  his  own  choosing  and 
on  the  aggressive  against  strong  defences.  If  this  had  been  accom- 
plished the  story  of  Gettysburg  might  have  been  different. 

The  position  of  Co.  D,  in  the  line  of  battle  was  on  the  left,  near 
the  edge  of  the  woods  extending  into  the  "Wheatfield,"  a  short  dis- 
tance beyond  the  standing  grain.  Just  as  the  line  was  formed,  the 
rebels  with  battle  flags  flying  advanced,  breaking  through  the  woods. 
When  about  25  yards  apart,  each  opened  fire  simultaneously.  The 
Seventeenth  Maine  covered  the  rear  of  the  division.  The  Pine  Tree 
State  boys  seemed  to  fairly  melt  away  under  the  fierce  rebel  fire. 
The  Confederates  came  on  impetuously  with  their  exultant,  barking 
cry.  They  were  answered  by  the  ringing  cheers  of  the  New  Eng- 
land men.  The  destruction  of  life  was  terrible.  Although  it  is  a 
singular  fact  that  while  the  right  of  the  regiment  lost  fearfully,  not  a 
man  in  Co.  D  was  seriously  wounded,  owing  to  the  conformation  of 
the  ground  on  which  they  stood,  the  leaden  hail  passing  over  their 
heads.  The  rebels  succeeded  in  their  flank  movement  and  the  brig- 
ade was  ordered  back.  Company  D  was  detailed  to  put  the  wounded 
into  ambulances  and  remove  them  to  the  Surgeon's  quarters.  This 
was  accomplished  under  a  heavy  fire  from  the  rebel  lines,  after  which 
they  again  resumed  action,  taking  part  in  resisting  the  rebel  charge, 
as  they  came  out  of  the  woods.  The  company  had  become 
separated  from  the  regiment  in  the  meantime,  and  had  been  fighting 
with  the  Ninth  Massachusetts.  At  dusk  when  Capt.  Rich  rejoined 
the  Thirty-Second  he  found  himself  to  be  the  senior  officer  of  the 
regiment.  The  corps  took  up  a  position  extending  from  Little 
Round  Top  to  Cemetery  Ridge  and  held  it  July  3  and  4,  under  a 
heavy  artillery  fire,  until  Lee's  defeated  army  retreated. 

On  the  5th  the  march  was  resumed  eastward  toward  the  Blue 
Ridge  to  Turner's  Gap,  through  Frederick  City  near  Williamsport, 
Pa.,  where  the  rebels  were  found  in  force,  and  pursued,  the  Potomac 
being  crossed  at  Berlin,  proceeding  to  Manassas  Gap  where  a  force 


154  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

of  rebels  were  driven  back.  Skirmishing  followed  at  the  top  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  the  troops  having  an  opportunity  for  the  first  time  to- 
look  down  into  the  fair  valley  of  the  Shenandoah.  July  23,  the 
army  camped  at  Beverly  Ford,  Va.,  remaining  through  the  month  of 
August,  obtaining  a  much  needed  rest. 

After  this  they  proceeded  to  Culpepper,  flanked  the  rebels,  crossed 
the  Rappahannock  to  Flint  Hill,  near  Warrentown,  and  advanced  on 
Rappahannock  Fort,  which,  with  2000  prisoners,  was  captured.  At 
Mine  Run  had  some  sharp  skirmishing  with  the  enemy.  April  30, 
1864,  recrossed  the  Rappahannock  and  Rapidan,  the  water  being 
breast  high. 

At  the  three  days'  fight  in  the  Wilderness,  Company  D  was  again 
in  the  centre  of  the  conflict.  Once  more  the  regiment  by  occupying 
advantageous  ground  escaped  with  small  loss. 

May  8,  1864,  at  sunrise,  the  troops  met  the  enemy  in  force  at 
Spottsylvania,  the  First  Division  supporting  the  cavalry  in  a  heavy 
fight.  Four  days  later  at  Laurel  Hill  there  was  a  hard  fought  con- 
test when  the  company  participated  in  a  charge  on  the  rebel  bat- 
teries, succeeding  in  getting  within  25  yards,  when  owing  to  the 
heavy  fire  of  the  enemy  a  retreat  was  ordered.  In  the  last  20  min- 
utes of  this  fight  103  men  out  of  194  were  killed,  wounded  or  miss- 
ing, all  the  color  guard  being  stricken  down,  Company  D,  being  the 
color  company.  The  object  of  this  attack  was  to  prevent  Lee  from 
sending  troops  against  Hancock  at  the  desperate  struggle  near  the 
"  Angle,"  which  design  was  successfully  accomplished.  Later  in  the 
day,  after  making  this  charge,  the  regiment  marched  one  and  one- 
half  miles  to  re-enforce  Hancock,  protecting  his  rear. 

More  or  less  fighting  of  a  desultory  nature  followed  until  the  bat- 
tles of  Cold  Harbor,  Shady  Grove,  Bethesda  Church,  were  fought  in 
succession.  The  campaign  had  indeed  been  arduous.  From  April 
3Oth  to  June  roth,  the  company  had  no  access  to  its  baggage,  nor 
even  the  opportunity  to  wash,  and  presented  a  decidedly  unkempt 
appearance.  For  21  days  they  had  been  engaged  in  continuous 
fighting  in  front  of  the  line,  bearing  the  brunt  of  the  contest.  The 
weather  had  been  rainy,  the  roads  were  bad,  sleep  was  out  of  the 
question  and  the  men  had  become  thoroughly  exhausted. 

In  June  the  army  recrossed  the  river  marching  towards  the  James, 
the  Fifth  Corps  again  holding  the  rear,  and  the  advance  towards 
Petersburg  was  begun.  On  the  i8th  the  regiment  participated  in  an 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  156 

attack  on  the  Suffolk  Railroad,  drove  the  enemy  back,  planting  the 
colors  on  the  other  side.  At  this  point  Col.  Prescott,  of  the 
Thirty-second,  was  killed.  Later  in  the  day  another  charge  was 
made  upon  the  enemy,  taking  a  position  where  the  "mine  "was 
afterwards  sprung.  In  this  contest  both  color  bearers  were  killed. 

The  command  then  moved  to  the  Jerusalem  Plank  Road  and,  at 
the  blowing  up  of  the  "  mine,"  the  regiment  occupied  the  extreme 
left  of  the  army,  in  the  front.  A  two  months'  stay  was  made  at  this 
place,  the  men  being  busily  employed  in  digging  bomb  proofs,  cov- 
ered ways,  etc. 

August  1 8  they  proceeded  to  Weldon  Railroad,  where  the  enemy 
was  driven  from  the  line.  Lee  made  desperate  attempts  for  three 
days  to  regain  this  position  but  his  forces  were  repulsed  every  time. 
Until  September  30,  the  regiment  was  occupied  with  picket  duty, 
after  which  it  moved  to  the  left  of  the  army,  where  they  attacked  the 
enemy  at  Preble's  Farm  and,  after  a  sharp  fight,  captured  a  small 
fort  and  a  large  number  of  prisoners.  The  next  event  of  importance 
occurred  October  26,  when  an  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to 
flank  the  enemy.  In  short,  the  regiment  participated  actively  in  all 
the  battles  in  the  memorable  campaign  under  Grant,  until  the  sur- 
render at  Appomatox  Court  House.  After  the  return  of  peace  these 
veteran  campaigners  took  part  in  the  grand  review  at  Washington, 
after  which  they  returned  to  their  homes. 

Such  in  brief  is  the  record  of  the  fighting  Thirty-second  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers. 

In  the  Thirty-second  Regiment,  Co.  D  gallantly  upheld  the  honor 
of  their  town. 

Company  K,  Thirtieth  Mass.  Regiment  was  recruited  in  February, 
1862,  for  three  years  under  command  of  Capt.  Jeremiah  Cook.  It 
served  under  Generals  Butler  and  Banks  at  New  Orleans,  participating 
in  the  engagements  of  the  campaigns  and  suffered  severely  in  bat- 
tles and  by  reason  of  disease  contracted  in  that  unhealthy  climate. 
The  company  were  in  engagements  at  Bolivar  Heights,  Baton  Rouge, 
Port  Hudson  (opposite  Vicksburg),  also  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
gaining  an  honorable  record  for  arduous  service.  A  company  for  the 
purpose  of  coast  defense  was  enlisted  in  December,  1864,  and  sta- 
tioned at  Marblehead  until  peace  was  declared.  A  company  of  wood- 
choppers  was  also  enlisted  and  dispatched  to  the  front. 


156  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

A  large  number  of  Gloucester  men  were  scattered  in  various 
commands  whose  services  will  be  chronicled  in  the  individual  record 
which  follows. 

RECORDS   OF  SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS. 

Col.  Andrew  Elwell  was  mustered  in  April  30,  1861,  with  the 
three  months'  men,  as  Major;  re-enlisted  for  three  years  and  was 
mustered  in  October  24,  1861,  as  Lieut-Col.,  and  was  afterward 
promoted  to  Colonel.  He  is  a  native  of  the  town,  born  in  1818,  a 
descendant  of  the  early  settler  of  that  name.  He  served  with  much 
distinction  and  bravery,  participating  in  the  following  engagements  : 
Baltimore,  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Batchelder's  Creek,  three  at 
Petersburg,  Va.,  Smithfield,  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  etc. 

Lieut-Col.  Benjamin  F.  Cook  was  born  in  Boston,  January  i,  1833, 
the  son  of  Capt.  Jeremiah  R.  and  Harriet  (Tarr)  Cook.  His  father, 
a  native  of  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  was  descended,  on  his  mother's  side, 
from  Benjamin  Church,  famous  in  the  early  wars  of  the  colonies. 
Capt.  Cook  went  to  Boston  early  in  life,  engaging  in  the  glass 
business.  He  was,  for  many  years,  a  member  and  captain  in  the 
State  militia,-  and  took  part  in  the  famous  State  Street  riot  in 
Boston,  commanding  a  section  of  a  company.  Col.  Cook's  mother 
was  a  native  of  Rockport,  through  whom  he  was  descended  from 
many  of  the  early  settlers  of  that  town  and  Gloucester,  among  them 
Jabez  Tarr,  who  was  a  captain  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He 
removed  to  Gloucester  in  1839,  and  was  educated  in  its  public 
schools,  after  which  he  engaged  in  the  paint  and  oil  business. 

For  ten  years  previous  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  Col.  Cook 
was  an  active  member  of  Co.  G,  Eighth  Regiment,  of  which  his 
father  was  captain.  At  the  call  to  arms,  he  enlisted  April  19, 
1861  in  company  K,  Twelfth  Regiment.  From  this  date  he  saw 
nearly  four  years  of  valiant  service  in  the  field,  in  a  regiment  which 
is  numbered  high  among  the  hundred  famous  regiments  of  the  war. 
When  it  went  out,  Col.  Fletcher  Webster,  son  of  the  famous  statesman, 
was  in  command.  He  fell  at  Bull  Run,  and  death  fast  decimated 
the  officers.  At  one  time,  Col.  Cook  was  the  only  officer  left  to  the 
regiment,  that  had  not  been  killed  or  wounded.  But  the  colonel's 
luck  never  deserted  him.  At  the  head  of  his  company,  leading  his 
regiment,  or  in  command  of  the  skirmish  line,  he  was  alike 
unscathed. 

Col.  Cook's  record  as  an  officer,  beginning  with  his  election  as 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  157 

second  lieutenant  by  the  company,  is  a  notable  one.  He  was  mus- 
tered in  as  first  lieutenant,  June  26,  1861,  commissioned  as  captain 
of  Company  E,  May  2,  1862 ;  provost  marshal  of  the  Second  Division 
of  the  First  Corps  from  January  to  September,  1863  ;  Major  of  the 
Twelfth  Regiment,  July  23,  1863;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  May  6,  1864. 
He  served  on  the  examining  board  for  the  transfer  of  men  from  the 
army  to  the  navy,  and  was  discharged  at  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
July  8,  1864. 

It  frequently  fell  to  the  lot  of  Col.  Cook  to  lead  the  regiment  in 
action,  as  the  commanding  officer  was  senior  colonel  of  the  brigade 
and  often  absent.  At  one  time  he  held  the  command  for  seven 
months. 

At  Antietam,  Col.  Cook,  then  the  junior  captain  in  the  regiment, 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  skirmish  line,  in  advance  of  his 
regiment,  which  was  in  HartsufFs  famous  brigade,  Hooker's  Divis- 
ion. The  skirmish  line  was  pushed  into  the  enemy's  works,  when 
they  received  orders  to  assemble  on  the  colors.  By  this  time,  they 
had  suffered  terribly ;  all  the  officers  who  were  present  at  the  fight, 
excepting  Col.  Cook,  having  been  killed  or  wounded,  the  command 
of  the  regiment  devolved  upon  him.  He  kept  it  in  action  until 
twelve  men  had  been  shot  down.  At  this  battle  the  Twelfth  Regi- 
ment lost  a  greater  per  cent  in  killed  and  wounded  than  any  other 
one  regiment,  north  or  south,  in  any  one  engagement  during  the 
war.  The  commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Rickett's  Division, 
Hooker's  Corps,  bestowed  special  praise  for  gallantry  upon  Capt. 
Benj.  F.  Cook,  of  the  Twelfth  Massachusetts  Regiment.  Col.  Cook 
participated  in  every  battle  in  which  the  regiment  was  engaged, 
among  them  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Bull  Run, 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg, 
Chantilly,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Mine  Run,  and  21  battles 
under  Grant  in  the  Wilderness.  Upon  Col.  Cook's  discharge  paper 
is  endorsed,  "  Brave  and  fearless  in  action,  strict  disciplinarian,  one 
who  knows  his  duty  and  does  it." 

By  the  survivors  of  the  old  Twelfth,  Col.  Cook  has  been  elected 
president  for  life  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  Association. 

Returning  to  civil  life  with  this  brilliant  war  history,  Col.  Cook 
became  connected  with  the  Custom  House  at  this  port,  except  when 
absent  at  the  State  House.  As  a  politician,  Col.  Cook's  history  is  no 
less  honorable  than  as  a  soldier.  In  1867  and  1868  he  was  elected 


158  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

to  the  House  of  Representatives  and  served  on  the  committees  on 
printing  and  on  the  Troy  and  Greenfield  Railroad.  In  1886,  1887 
and  1888  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  and  served  with  distinction 
on  the  committees  on  fisheries  and  game,  mercantile  affairs,  federal 
relations,  and  as  one  of  the  special  committee  to  revise  soldiers' 
records.  He  has  always  been  an  active  Republican,  and  is  now,  and 
has  been  for  a  number  of  years,  chairman  of  the  Republican  City 
Committee.  He  is  an  active  man  in  the  G.  A.  R.  and  a  member  of 
the  Sons  of  Veterans  and  other  orders. 

Lieut.-Col.  David  Allen,  Jr.,  was  a  native  of  the  town  and,  in  early 
life,  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he 
was  selectman.  He  enlisted  April  19,  1861,  and  recruited  the  first 
company  of  three  years'  men  in  town,  which,  as  Co.  K,  became  a 
part  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment. 

His  military  record  is  identical  with  that  of  his  famous  regiment. 
He  always  retained  an  affectionate  interest  in  Co.  K,  and,  to  his 
solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  the  command  he  owes  his  death.  After 
the  fight  was  over  at  the  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864,  he  rode  to  where 
Co.  K  was  stationed,  thereby  exposing  himself  as  a  mark  for  the 
enemy's  fire.  A  shot  struck  him  and  he  fell  mortally  wounded.  He 
was  buried  near  the  spot,  but  in  June,  1865,  his  remains  were  dis- 
interred and  brought  home  where  they  were  laid  to  rest  amid  the 
rugged  scenes  of  his  boyhood's  days,  one  of  the  largest  public 
funerals  in  town  taking  place  on  this  occasion. 

He  was  mustered  into  service  as  captain  of  Co.  K,  June  26,  1861  ; 
promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  October  8,  1862,  and  appointed  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  J.  C.  Robinson,  Second  Division,  First  Corps  as 
division  inspector,  July  13,  1863.  His  rise  in  military  circles  was 
rapid  and  death  undoubtedly  cut  short  a  most  promising  career. 

Col.  Allen,  Post  45,  G.  A.  R.,  was  named  in  his  honor,  and  his 
portrait  adorns  the  Post  Hall,  and  Tyrian  Lodge  of  Masons,  of  which 
he  was  master.  His  sword  and  saddle  blanket  are  also  the  property 
of  the  Post. 

Col.  Jonas  H.  French,  although  not  a  native,  yet  may  be  included 
in  the  list  of  Gloucester's  soldiers,  having  by  his  capital  and  capacity 
developed  the  heretofore  useless  mass  of  granite  lying  buried  at 
Bay  View  into  mines  of  wealth,  giving  employment  to  hundreds,  and 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  159 

practically  calling  into  existence  the  thriving  little  village  where  the 
Cape  Ann  Granite  Company's  works,  of  which  he  is  president,  is 
situated. 

Col.  French  was  born  in  Boston  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  city,  graduating  from  the  English  High  School  in 
1845.  He  came  from  Yankee  stock,  his  father,  William  French, 
being  a  native  of  Dunstable,  and  his  mother,  Sarah  Baldwin,  of 
Billerica. 

He  early  manifested  a  disposition  to  make  the  most  of  his  oppor- 
tunities, and  while  at  school  was  awarded  a  Franklin  medal,  given  to 
the  most  deserving  pupils.  After  graduating  he  engaged  in  business 
pursuits,  early  evincing  a  decided  taste  for  military  affairs,  enlisting 
in  that  crack  organization,  the  "City  Guards,"  and  such  was  the 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held  that  he  was  soon  elected  captain  of  the 
company.  He  also  served  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  Gardner.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861,  he  was  commander  of  the 
Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company,  making  him  today  one  of 
its  oldest  living  commanders. 

He  readily  responded  to  the  President's  call  for  soldiers,  and  in 
November,  1861,  raised  the  regiment  known  as  "The  Eastern  Bay 
State,"  afterwards  the  Thirtieth  Massachusetts,  in  which  a  Gloucester 
company  served.  The  following  January  he  sailed  in  command 
of  a  regiment  from  Boston  to  Ship  Island,  attached  to  Gen.  B.  F. 
Butler's  expedition  against  New  Orleans.  Arriving  at  his  destina- 
tion he  was  appointed  senior  aide-de-camp  and  inspector-general  on 
the  staff  of  Gen.  Butler,  and  was  with  the  latter  in  the  memorable 
action  against  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Phillip  and,  upon  the  capture  of 
New  Orleans,  he  was  appointed  provost  marshal.  In  this  position 
he  achieved  marked  success.  He  reorganized  the  police  of  New 
Orleans  and,  so  far  as  civil  matters  were  concerned,  was  the  chief 
executive  officer  of  Gen.  Butler,  through  the  term  of  the  latter's 
command  of  the  Northern  forces,  fraught  with  some  of  the  most 
momentous  events  of  the  war.  After  Gen.  Butler's  retirement,  Col. 
French  served  for  some  time  under  Gen.  N.  P.  Banks,  subsequently 
resigning.  In  1869  he  organized  the  Cape  Ann  Granite  Company, 
and  by  his  energy  and  enterprise  has  placed  it  among  the  foremost 
establishments  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 

MAJORS. 

Major  David  W.   Low,  who  served  as  a  "Minute  Man"  and  re- 


160  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

sponded  to  four  sudden  calls  for  troops,  is  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Capt.  John  Low,  of  the  ship  "Ambrose,"  vice  admiral  of  a  fleet  of 
12  which  brought  over  the  Massachusetts  colony  in  1630.  Thomas, 
his  son,  settled  in  Ipswich,  and  his  grandson  in  th'is  town.  Col.  John 
Low,  who  for  35  years  was  selectman  of  Gloucester  and  rendered 
important  military  and  civil  service  to  his  country  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  was  Major  Low's  great  grandfather  and  he  comes  of  a 
line  of  ancestors  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  town.  His  father, 
Capt.  Frederick  Oilman  Low  who,  as  a  cabin  boy  at  14,  worked  up 
to  master  of  an  Indianman  at  21,  was  executive  officer  of  private 
armed  vessels  in  the  war  of  1812  and  was  twice  captured  by  British 
frigates,  being  ^confined  as  a  prisoner  three  months  at  Halifax,  N.  S., 
and  10  months  at  Dartmouth  Prison,  England.  He  was  collector  of 
customs  and  served  the  town  in  various  important  capacities. 

Major  Low,  was  born  November  27,  1833,  and  after  receiving  an 
education  in  the  public  schools  engaged  in  clerical  and  business  pur- 
suits. In  1852  he  enlisted  in  the  "Gloucester  Artillery"  which  was 
then  Co.  E,  Second  Regiment,  Fourth  Brigade,  Second  Division,  M. 
V.  M. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  the  fishing  business 
with  Capt.  Peter  Sinclair,  at  Battery,  now  Farm  enter's  wharf.  April 
15,  1861,  on  a  return  from  a  fishing  trip  at  6  p.  m.,  he  was  informed 
by  Capt.  Center  of  the  call  for  three  months'  men.  He  proposed, 
and  Capt.  Center  approved,  that  a  team  be  used  to  notify  distant 
members  and  collect  what  parts  of  uniforms  that  could  be  found 
among  old  members.  Lieut.  Low  spent  nearly  the  entire  night  on 
that  duty,  and  the  next  morning  the  company  reported  at  their 
armory  at  the  corner  of  Front  and  Hancock  Streets,  marched  for  the 
seat  of  war. 

Lieut.  Low,  was  officer  of  the  guard  on  board  the  "Maryland " 
after  she  was  grounded  on  Annapolis  bar  by  supposed  treachery, 
after  towing  out  the  "Constitution."  He  was  also  in  charge  of  the 
guard  at  the  railroad  terminus  at  Annapolis  and  parted  from  Gen. 
Butler,  who  had  personally  looked  after  the  posts  with  this  injunc- 
tion :  "Lieutenant,  if  these  buildings  are  retaken  during  the  night 
I  don't  expect  to  see  you  alive  in  the  morning;  good  night,  sir."  He 
was  also  in  charge  of  the  train  on  the  Annapolis  Railroad  which 
brought  the  first  passengers  north  from  Washington  after  communi- 
cation had  been  cut  off  through  Baltimore.  Afterwards  the  troops 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  161 

were  ordered  to  Washington,  Lieut.  Low  being  in  charge  of  the 
train.  His  regiment  was  mustered  in  April  30,  1861,  on  the  Capitol 
grounds.  He  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  G,  and  was 
mustered  into  service  with  that  rank  June  19,  1861  at  Camp  Essex. 
He  served  with  his  regiment  which  with  the  Sixth  and  Cook's  Bat- 
tery was  guarding  the  Viaduct,  near  the  Relay  House  and  the 
approaches  from  Harper's  Ferry,  and  afterwards  at  "  Stuart's  Park," 
Baltimore,  until  his  return  and  muster  out  August  i,  1861. 

He  was  promoted  to  Captain  of  Co.  G,  March  17,  1862  and,  during 
that  year,  was  ordered  with  his  company  to  Boston,  where  it  was  held 
three  days  subject  to  call  and  then  sent  home,  the  exigency  being 
over.  August,  1862,  he  received  orders  to  recruit  his  company  for 
nine  months'  service  and  went  into  camp  with  full  ranks,  Co.  G, 
being  the  first  of  the  Eighth  Regiment  mustered  in  for  that  service. 
On  his  arrival  at  Newbern,  N.  C,  November  30,  he  was  stricken 
with  typhoid  fever  and  taken  to  the  Masonic  Hospital,  being  unable 
to  take  command  of  his  company  until  December  31,  and  then  only 
at  inspection.  He  was  afterwards  furloughed  to  Roanoke  Island  on 
the  recommendation  of  the  surgeon.  On  returning  he  took  com- 
mand January  15,  1863,  the  company  having  been  in  charge  of  Lieut. 
E.  L.  Rowe.  January  25,  Co.  G  and  Co.  K,  of  Danvers,  were  sent 
to  Fort  Totten,  the  most  important  defence  of  Newbern.  June  29, 
Co.  G,  with  other  companies  of  the  regiment  went  to  Fortress  Mun- 
roe,  thence  to  Baltimore  where  they  arrived  July  i,  then  to  Fred- 
erick City,  Md.,  thence  to  Sandy  Hook,  Md.,  and  on  the  night  of  the 
/th  took  possession  of  Maryland  Heights,  during  a  fearful  thunder- 
storm. Five  days  later,  the  regiment  after  a  march  of  30  miles 
joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  near  Funkstown,  and  continued 
with  it  following  Lee  as  far  as  Bealton  Station,  Va.,  where  July  26, 
the  regiment  was  ordered  home  and  mustered  out  August  7,  1863. 
While  absent  Capt.  Low's  business  was  closed  greatly  to  his  detri- 
ment. 

July  6,  1864,  Capt.  Low  received  a  telegram  from  his  colonel  or- 
dering him  to  recruit  his  company  for  100  days' service.  On  the  I4th 
with  85  men  of  Co.  G,  he  proceeded  to  camp  and  was  mustered  in 
on  the  i8th.  On  the  25th  Capt.  Low  was  promoted  to  major  of  the 
Eighth  Regiment.  On  the  same  day  the  regiment  left  for  the  South 


162  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

and  shortly  afterwards  was  assigned  to  command  at  Camp  Bradford, 
Md.  On  the  3ist  of  October  the  command  was  sent  home  after 
which  they  were  mustered  out. 

On  his  return  Major  Low  resumed  land  surveying  and  conveyan- 
cing. In  1868  he  was  chosen  town  clerk,  continuing  in  that  office 
until  1873  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  postmaster 
which  he  held  13  years.  In  1871  he  was  detailed  from  the  regiment 
for  provost  marshal,  the  first  one  in  the  militia,  at  the  division 
encampment  at  Concord.  In  1874  he  resigned  to  go  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  Peirson,  of  the  Second  Brigade,  M.  V.  M.  as  provost  marshal, 
remaining  until  1876,  when  he  was  appointed  on  the  staff  of  Gov. 
Rice  as  assistant  inspector  general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant 
colonel,  to  assist  in  the  reorganization  of  the  militia  of  Massachu- 
setts, which  ended  25  years'  continuous  service  in  the  militia.  In 
1876,  he  designed  and  installed  the*  Gloucester  exhibit  at  the  Cen- 
tennial Exposition.  In  1878  he  went  to  Halifax,  N.  S.,  as  a  witness 
before  the  Fishery  Commission  at  the  solicitation  of  the  counsel  for 
the  United  States,  remaining  four  weeks.  The  following  letter  was 
written  by  the  Commissioners  : 

HALIFAX  COMMISSION,  HALIFAX,  N.  S. 
November  23,   1877. 

The  Honorable   D.  M.  Key,  Postmaster  General  of  the  United  States, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

SIR: — Mr.  David  W.  Low,  the  Postmaster  of  Gloucester,  Massa- 
chusetts, has  rendered  very  great  service  to  the  Counsel  and  Agent 
of  the  United  States  before  the  Halifax  Commission.  Mr.  Low  has 
been  engaged  during  a  large  portion  of  the  past  summer  in  collecting 
evidence  and  preparing  statistics  for  use  before  the  Commission.  Mr. 
Low  was  present  at  Halifax  for  two  weeks  during  the  examination  of 
the  United  States  witnesses ;  all  this  has  been  done  without  any 
compensation  and  we  deem  it  an  act  of  justice  to  Mr.  Low  to  have 
the  facts  stated  to  you  and  this  acknowledgement  of  the  value  of  his 
services  communicated  to  the  Post  Office  Department. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be  your  obedient  servants, 

RICHARD  H.  DANA,  JR., 
WM.  HENRY  TRESCOTT, 
DWIGHT  FOSTER. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  163 

While  Postmaster  he  worked  for,  obtained,  and  established  suc- 
cessfully the  Letter  Carrier  System.  In  1880,  he  was  invited  by  the 
Essex  County  Agricultural  Society  to  deliver  its  annual  address 
and  his  subject,  "The  Pioneer  Industries  of  Essex  County,  Planting 
and  Fishing"  was  so  instructive  in  regard  to  the  fisheries  that  it  was 
copied  entire  into  the  State  Report  of  1881.  From  1885  to  1890  he 
was  Secretary  of  the  Essex  Agricultural  Society.  In  1886,  he  was 
Special  Agent  of  the  State  Census  Bureau  on  Fisheries  and  Manu- 
factures, in  Barnstable  County  and  part  of  Essex  County,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Essex 
County.  He  was  one  of  the  Special  Committee  appointed  to  inves- 
tigate and  report  on  a  water  supply  for  the  city,  and  urged  its 
acceptance  of  the  charter  granted  by  the  Legislature.  Since  the 
formation  of  the  Water  Company,  he  has  been  its  corporation 
clerk.  He  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Cape  Ann  Scientific  and  Lit- 
erary Association  since  its  organization,  and  for  more  than  20  years 
corporation  clerk  and  treasurer  of  the  Gloucester  Gas  Light  Co. 
He  is  also  vice  president  of  the  Cape  Ann  Historical  Society. 

Major  Alfred  F.  Tremaine  was  one  of  the  "  Minute  Men  "  of  Co. 
G,  and  re-enlisted  in  the  Thirtieth  Regiment,  February  20,  1862,  for 
three  years  and  served  gallantly  through  the  war,  being  promoted  by 
various  stages  to  brevet-major;  discharged  January  20,  1866.  See 
soldier's  record. 

CAPTAINS. 

Captain  Edward  A.  Story  is  a  native  of  Gloucester,  and  achieved 
an  enviable  distinction  in  the  civil  war  as  a  brave  and  fearless  fighter. 
Like  others  of  the  town's  famous  officers,  he  responded  to  President 
Lincoln's  call  for  three  months'  men,  going  to  the  front  with  Co.  G, 
and  being  mustered  in  as  second  lieutenant.  Returning  he  re-en- 
listed as  first  lieutenant  in  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment,  partici- 
pating in  all  the  engagements  in  the  campaigns  in  North  and  South 
Carolina  and  Virginia,  including  Newbern,  Batchelder's  Creek,  Tus- 
carora,  Hamilton,  Plymouth,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Kingston,  expe- 
dition across  the  river  Neuse,  Hilton  Head,  Beaufort,  Little  Washing- 
ton, Carolina  City,  Trent  Road,  Fort  Totten,  Newport  News,  York- 
town,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Port  Walthall,  Arrowfield  Church,  Drury's 
Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  etc. 

Capt.  Story  had  some  narrow  escapes  during  these  conflicts. 
While  near  Newbern  he  became  engaged  in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict 


164  HISTORY  Ol?  GLOUCESTER. 

with  a  rebel  officer  and  after  a  hard  struggle  secured  his  sword.  At 
Camp  Pendleton,  Capt.  Thomas  Russell  of  Co.  A,  having  died,  Capt. 
Story,  December  12,  1862,  was  elected  captain  of  that  company.  In 
the  fall  of  1863  owing  to  exhaustive  service  he  contracted  conges- 
tive chills  and  was  confined  in  the  "Foster  General  Hospital."  He 
was  reported  dead  and  a  correspondent  of  the  Boston  Herald 
wrote  up  a  complimentary  obituary  which  Capt.  Story,  when  convales- 
cent, had  the  pleasure  of  reading.  He  secured  a  leave  of  absence 
for  30  days,  but  availed  himself  of  only  one-half  this  time  before  re- 
joining his  regiment.  He  narrowly  escaped  death  at  Drury's  Bluff, 
while  making  a  reconnoissance  in  company  with  an  officer,  becoming 
a  target  for  the  enemy's  sharpshooters  who  poured  in  a  shower  of 
bullets,  none  however  reaching  their  mark.  He  was  mustered  out 
with  the  regiment  October  13,  1864.  Capt.  Story  has  been  elected 
for  several  years  to  the  Common  Council  of  which  he  is  now  a  mem- 
ber. 

Capt.  Stephen  Rich  was  born  in  Gloucester,  December  9,  1834, 
and  by  occupation  was  a  carpenter.  His  military  record  shines 
bright,  and  no  one  bears  a  higher  reputation  for  gallantry  and 
bravery.  He  was  a  three  months'  man,  enlisting  in  Co.  G, 
Eighth  Regiment,  at  the  President's  call,  being  mustered  in  April 
30,  1 86 1,  as  first  sergeant,  declining  an  election  as  third  lieutenant, 
preferring  to  serve  in  the  ranks.  He  re-enlisted  Nov.  18,  1861,  as 
second  lieutenant  in  Co.  D,  Thirty-second  Regiment,  and  before  going 
to  the  front  was  promoted  to  first  lientenant  of  Co.  F  of  the  regi- 
ment, serving  as  such  until  September  15,  1862,  when  Capt.  Draper 
resigned  and  he  was  again  promoted  to  the  deserved  position  as 
captain  of  Co.  D,  which  he  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  recruiting. 
Throughout  the  hot  fighting  in  which  he  was  engaged  he  was  always 
at  the  front.  At  the  Wilderness  and  on  other  occasions  his  sword 
and  other  accoutrements  were  repeatedly  struck  with  bullets  but  he 
escaped  unharmed.  He  participated  in  the  hard  fought  engagements 
at  Malvern  Hill,  second  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Blackburn's  Ford, 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Aldie,  Gettysburg,  Bristow  Station, 
New  Hope  Church,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Dodd's  Tavern,  Laurel 
Hill,  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  Shady  Grove,  Bethesda  Church, 
Suffolk  R.  R.,  Jerusalem  Plank  Road,  Petersburg,  July  30,  1864, 
Weldon  R.  R.,  Poplar  Grove  Church.  He  was  honorably  discharged 
Nov.  17,  1864.  Capt.  Rich  has  received  numerous  tokens  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  165 

esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  citizens,  having  been  elected  to 
the  Legislature  for  the  term  1879-80. 

Capt.  Charles  E.  Grover,  a  native  of  the  town  who,  at  the  out- 
break of  the  war  was  a  resident  of  Cambridgeport,  was  also  among 
the  earliest  to  respond  to  the  President's  call.  He  enlisted  the  first 
company  of  three  years'  men  in  Boston,  his  application  to  do  so  being 
the  third  on  file  at  the  State  House.  April  igth  he  opened  a  recruit- 
ing office  on  State  Street,  and  in  three  days  had  secured  his  full 
quota  of  enlisted  men,  receiving  his  commission  as  captain  on  the 
23d.  At  that  time  Fletcher  Webster  was  forming  a  regiment,  and 
recognizing  the  fact  that  Capt.  Grover  had  a  full  company,  invited 
him  to  form  the  nucleus  of  the  "Webster  Regiment."  Capt.  Grover 
consented  and  marched  his  men  to  Faneuil  Hall.  A  few  days 
afterwards  he  received  orders  to  take  his  company  to  Fort  Warren 
to  await  the  completion  of  the  command,  the  other  companies 
reporting  as  organized.  Seeing  no  prospect  of  being  dispatched  to 
the  front,  and  contrary  to  the  advice  of  the  officers  and  friends, 
tendered  his  resignation  which  was  accepted.  Soon  after,  at  the 
solicitation  of  a  friend  who  was  then  organizing  a  regiment,  he 
recruited  another  company  of  forty,  refusing  however  to  accept  the 
commission  offered  him.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F, 
Forty-first  Infantry  (which  was  being  formed  in  Cambridge)  as  a  pri- 
vate and  went  to  the  front.  He  was  immediately  appointed  sergeant, 
afterwards  sergeant-major.  By  order  of  the  War  Department,  the 
Forty-first  became  the  Third  Massachusetts  Cavalry.  In  this  Capt. 
Grover  saw  some  hard  and  arduous  fighting.  He  served  at  Port 
Hudson,  where  he  was  wounded,  and  in  the  memorable  Red  River 
campaign  in  1864.  At  the  battle  of  Yellow  Bayou  he  received  a 
severe  flesh  wound  in  his  right  arm,  also  dislocating  that  member  by 
the  explosion  of  a  shell.  After  the  completion  of  this  campaign  he 
came  with  the  Nineteenth  Corps  into  the  Shenandoah  valley  under 
Sheridan.  The  battle  of  Opequan  was  fought  September  19,  1864. 
In  that  battle  Capt.  Grover  was  wounded  with  a  minie  ball  through 
his  throat  and  shoulder  and  reported  dead.  He  was  taken  from  the 
field,  conveyed  to  the  Logan  House,  Sheridan's  headquarters, 
tenderly  nursed,  and  when  able  to  travel  was  sent  to  the  officers' 
hospital  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  under  treatment  for  five 
months. 

In  the  interim  he  had  been   commissioned    first    lieutenant    for 


166  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

meritorious  service.  With  the  command  he  took  part  in  the  grand 
review  at  Washington,  after  which  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the 
western  plains,  reporting  at  Fort  Leavenworth.  In  the  meantime 
Capt.  Grover  was  assigned  to  special  duty  as  mustering  officer  at 
Fort  Kearney.  He  received  his  second  captain's  commission  and 
was  mustered  out  of  the  service  in  November,  1865. 

Capt.  Edwin  Hazel  enlisted  April  19,  1 86 1,  in  Co.  K  of  the  Twelfth 
Massachusetts.  When  this  company  was  organized,  the  state  laws 
allowed  four  lieutenants,  and  Capt.  Hazel  was  elected  fourth  lieu- 
tenant. The  United  States  laws  only  permitting  two,  he  gallantly 
gave  up  his  commission  and  took  a  musket,  entering  the  service  as 
first  sergeant,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  great  acceptance.  He 
was  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  May  3,  1862;  first  lieutenant 
September  11,  1862;  captain,  September  18,  1862.  He  commanded 
the  regiment  from  January  6  to  19,  1864.  He  was  wounded  at 
Antietam,  Fredericksburg  and  Gettysburg. 

He  was  acting  provost  marshal  in  1863.  Like  others  of  this 
famous  company  Capt.  Hazel  won  golden  laurels  by  his  conspicuous 
bravery  and  modest  demeanor,  taking  part  in  the  following  engage- 
ments: Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare 
Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericks- 
burg,  December  17,  1862  and  April  29,  1863;  Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg  and  others.  He  was  mustered  out  at  his  term  of  service 
July  8,  1864. 

Capt.  Fitz  J.  Babson  was  born  in  Gloucester,  February  14,  1828, 
and  is  a  direct  descendant  of  James  Babson,  the  early  settler,  who 
came  to  this  country  with  his  mother  in  1637.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the  Murray  Institute,  after 
which  he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade  and  was  employed  as  a 
builder  and  contractor  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Northern 
army.  He  was  mustered  into  service  October  8,  1861,  as  second 
lieutenant,  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment  for  three  years.  He  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant  August  20,  1862,  to  a  captaincy  May  8, 
1863.  He  re-enlisted  December  i,  1 864,  for  one  year  as  captain  in 
the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  unattached.  He  recruited  this  company 
two  days  after  being  mustered  out  of  the  Twenty-third,  being  dis- 
charged June  29,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Roanoke 
Island,  Newbern,  Port  Walthall,  White  Head,  Arrowfield  Church, 
Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  and  all  the  battles  before  Petersburg, 


HIS  TOR  Y  OF  GLO  UC ESTER.  167 

from  May  6  until  October  6,  1864.  He  recruited  and  enlisted  for  the 
United  States'  service  originally  and  as  veterans,  over  600  men, 
receiving  no  compensation,  except  as  an  officer  of  the  army. 

After  the  war  he  was  appointed  boarding  officer  and  inspector  of 
customs,  and  immediately  on  the  inauguration  of  President  Grant 
was  appointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  district  of  Gloucester, 
receiving  re-appointments  from  his  successors  until  the  advent  of 
President  Cleveland.  He  represented  the  town  in  the  Legislatures 
of  1858  and  1860  and  is  chiefly  known  as  one  of  the  most  pronounced 
defenders  of  the  fishing  interests  against  Canadian  aggresion,  having 
achieved  a  national  reputation  as  a  writer  and  orator  on  the  matters 
pertaining  to  the  Atlantic  fisheries.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  campaign,  which  resulted  in  the  election  of  President  Harrison 
and  was  one  of  the  chief  opponents  of  the  ratification  of  the  Bayard- 
Chamberlain  treaty.  He  is  a  well-known  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  having  been  four  years  master  of  Tyrian  Lodge  and 
occupied  the  chair  for  the  same  time  in  Acacia  Lodge,  which  was 
formed  and  instituted  through  his  efforts.  Capt.  Babson  has  always 
manifested  a  lively  interest  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  welfare  of  his 
native  town,  serving  on  the  building  committees  of  both  town  halls 
and  was  one  of  those  who  drafted  the  city  charter. 

Capt.  Addison  Center  was  born  in  this  city  August  7,  1830,  and 
in  early  life  was  engaged  in  business  on  Main  Street.  He  enlisted 
on  the  first  call  of  President  Lincoln  for  three  months'  men,  as  cap- 
tain of  Co.  G,  Eighth  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  re-enlisting  in  October 
for  three  years  taking  command  of  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment, 
receiving  his  discharge  October  10,  1864. 

He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  being 
wounded  in  this  engagement,  Rawle's  Mills,  Wilcox  Ridge,  Smith- 
field,  the  siege  and  engagements  before  Petersburg.  He  commanded 
at  different  times  companies  C,  G,  H  and  K  in  Gen.  Foster's  expe- 
dition into  North  Carolina  in  July,  1863.  In  1867,  he  was  appointed 
deputy  collector  of  the  port  of  Gloucester,  holding  the  office  until 
November  i,  1885.  He  was  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and 
A.  M.  and  other  fraternities. 

Joseph  A.  Moore,  was  born  in  Gloucester  and  was  mustered  July 
22,  1861,  for  three  years'  service  in  Co.  H,  Seventeenth  Regiment. 
With  his  command  he  participated  in  some  hard  fighting,  being  in 
the  following  engagements  :  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Win- 


168  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

ton,  Blount's  Mills,  Wise  Forks,  Trenton,  Merritt's,  Pollocksville, 
Red  House,  Swift  Creek  and  Gun  Swamp.  He  was  promoted  to 
sergeant,  November  i,  1861,  to  second  lieutenant,  May  17,  1863,  to 
first  lieutenant,  August  15,  1864  and  to  captain  of  Co.  B,  Seven- 
teenth Regiment,  September  i,  1864;  appointed  adjutant,  February 
1864,  acting  quartermaster,  July  17,  1864,  acting  assistant  adjutant 
general,  Third  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Twenty-third  Army  Corps 
in  June  1865,  discharged  as  captain  July  11,  1865. 

Capt.  Moore  after  retiring  from  the  army  was  engaged  as  a  sur- 
veyor in  the  west,  returning  east,  receiving  an  appointment  on  the 
state  police,  afterwards  being  appointed  as  city  marshal  under 
Mayor  Rogers,  which  position  he  held  for  10  years.  He  is  now  a 
member  of  the  state  police  force. 

Benjamin  F.  Morey,  a  native,  one  of  several  brothers  who  saw 
honorable  service  also  achieved  a  reputation  as  a  brave  soldier.  He 
was  one  of  the  three  months'  men,  having  gone  to  the  front  in  Co. 
G,  re-enlisting  September  28,  1861  as  corporal  in  Co.  C,  Twenty- 
third  Regiment  for 'three  years,  again  enlisting  December  3,  1863, 
as  first  sergeant  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment  for  three  years.  He 
was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  August  29,  1864,  and  as  captain 
October  14,  1864.  He  participated  in  all  the  battles  in  which  these 
commands  were  engaged  and  at  Cold  Harbor  had  his  sword  shot 
from  his  side.  He  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Kingston.  He  was 
discharged  June  25,  1865. 

Capt.  Jeremiah  R.  Cook  was  born  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  March  17, 
1802,  and  died  here  December  14,  1871.  He  was  descended  from 
John  Cook,  a  Quaker  minister,  who  fled  from  England  at  the  time 
of  the  Quaker  persecutions,  and  on  his  mother's  side  from  Benjamin 
Church,  of  early  colonial  fame.  He  married  in  1824  Harriet  Tarr, 
of  Rockport.  He  went  to  Boston  at  the  age  of  twelve,  as  an  appren- 
tice, and  learned  the  glazing  and  glass  business,  in  which  he  was 
engaged  up  to  the  time  of  his  removal  to  Gloucester  in  1839. 
Previous  to  this  he  was  connected  with  the  Washington  Light  Infan- 
try and  Lafayette  Guards  and  commanded  a  section  of  a  company 
at  the  time  of  the  Broad  Street  riots.  After  becoming  a  resident  he 
was  elected  captain  of  what  is  now  Co.  G,  Eighth  Regiment.  He 
represented  the  town  in  the  Legislature  for  several  years.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  he  recruited  a  company  and  entered 
the  service  as  captain  of  Co.  K,  Thirtieth  Regiment,  February  10, 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  169 

1862,  being  then  the  oldest  person  who  enlisted  from  Gloucester 
during  the  Rebellion.  He  served  under  Gen.  Butler,  and  contracted 
a  disease  in  the  swamps  of  New  Orleans,  that  compelled  his  resig- 
nation on  account  of  disability,  October  20,  1862. 

Capt.  Edward  L.  Rowe,  a  native  of  this  city,  first  enlisted  August 
7,  1862  in  Co.  E,  Fourth  Artillery,  afterwards  known  as  Co.  G, 
Eighth  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.  He  was  mustered  into  service  in  that 
company  as  first  lieutenant  September  15,  1862,  having  been 
elected  to  that  position  March  17  of  that  year  for  the  nine  months' 
campaign  and  was  mustered  out  August  7,  1863.  He  was  again 
mustered  in  July  18,  1864  for  100  days  as  captain  and  mustered  out 
November  10,  1864,  resigning  his  commission  in  the  spring  of  1865. 

Benjamin  F.  Blatchford,  a  native  of  Rockport,  enlisted  in  Co.  B, 
Fiftieth  Regiment,  Mass.  Vols.,  August  10,  1862  as  first  sergeant. 
The  regiment  was  in  the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  in  the  Nineteenth 
Army  Corps,  First  Division,  Third  Brigade,  and  served  in  the  Port 
Hudson  campaign.  At  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service  it  was 
mustered  out  August  24,  1863.  Mr.  Blatchford,  October  9,  1863,  was 
commissioned  second-lieutenant  in  Co.  K,  Second  Regiment,  Mass.  H. 
A.,  and  served  until  July  1864,  when  he  was  attached  as  a  volunteer 
lieutenant  to  Light  Co.  E,  Third  U.  S.  Artillery,  then  at  Bermuda 
Hundred,  Va.  He  served  with  the  battery  at  Bermuda  Hundred, 
before  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  Va.,  on  both  Fort  Fisher  expedi- 
tions and  in  North  Carolina,  participating  in  all  actions  in  which  the 
battery  was  engaged.  Mr.  Blatchford  was  offered  a  captaincy,  which 
was  declined,  he  preferring  to  remain  with  the  artillery  company  at 
the  front,  rather  than  accept  promotion  where  the  chances  for  active 
service  were  not  as  numerous.  The  following  letter  will  show  the 
estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  his  comrades  and  associates : 

FORT  MCHENRY,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Mr.  Benjamin  F.  Blatchford,  now  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  formerly  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Second  Mass.,  H.  A.,  Regiment  was  attached  for 
duty  in  July,  1864,  to  Light  Co.  E,  Third  U.  S.  Artillery,  which  was 
commanded  by  myself.  Lieutenant  Blatchford  remained  on  duty 
with  me  until  he  was  mustered  out  of  service  with  his  regiment  in 
the  late  summer  of  1865.  During  that  time  he  served  with  the  bat- 
tery at  Bermuda  Hundred,  before  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  Va.,  on 
both  Fort  Fisher  expeditions  and  in  North  Carolina.  He  partici- 
pated in  all  actions  in  which  the  battery  was  engaged. 


170  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

From  personal  observation  I  am  able  unhesitatingly,  and  without 
reserve,  to  say  of  him  that  he  was  in  action,  gallant  in  the  perform- 
ance of  all  duties,  efficient,  faithful  and  able ;  as  a  man,  fertile  in 
resources  in  sudden  emergencies. 

In  a  word  he  rendered  to  the  government  most  valuable  service, 
proving  himself  a  true  man  at  a  time  when  the  nation  was  in  sore 
need  of  such. 

JOHN  R.  MYRICK, 

Capt   Co.  E,  U.  S.  Art'y, 

Brevet-Major,  U.  S.  Army. 

Mr.  Blatchford  has  for  many  years  served  efficiently  as  boarding 
officer  in  the  Gloucester  Custom  House  force  which  position  he  now 
occupies.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and 
Ocean  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F. 

The  following  list  contains  the  record  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of 
Gloucester  in  the  civil  war.  That  of  the  sailors  is  far  from  complete. 
This  list  was  taken  from  the  records  at  City  Hall  and  the  following 
introduction  is  appended  : 

CITY  CLERK'S  OFFICE,  June  11,  1888. 

"  This  record  does  not  assume  to  be  complete,  but  the  information 
it  contains  has  been  compiled  from  the  most  authentic  sources  and 
carefully  revised  by  comparison  of  authorities.  In  addition  to  the 
names  of  those  credited  to  the  quota  of  Gloucester  the  record  is 
given  of  a  number  of  persons  who  were  natives  of  the  town  or  who 
have  been  residents  here. 

"In  its  preparation  the  reports  of  the  Adjutant-General  of  Massa- 
chusetts, the  roster  and  records  of  the  local  Post  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
the  files  of  the  Gloucester  newspapers,  and  the  town  and  company 
records  have  been  carefully  studied,  and  in  every  case  where  it  was 
possible  the  personal  statement  of  the  soldier  or  sailor,  or  of  his  rela- 
tives and  friends  has  been  secured.  The  record  is  believed  to  be 
correct  and  accurate  so  far  as  it  goes,  subject  to  such  imperfections 
as  were  unavoidable  in  the  preparation  of  such  a  work  so  many  years 
after  the  war  had  closed." 

The  following  abbreviations  which  will  be  readily  understood  are 
used  in  the  foregoing  list : 

R. — Regiment.  Eng. : — Engagements. 

V.  R.  C. — Veteran  Reserve  Corps.  Art'y — Artillery. 

Prom. — Promoted.  Lt. — Light. 

Mus. — Mustered.  H.  A. — Heavy  Artillery. 

Dis. — Discharged.  Bat. — Battery. 

Trans. — Transferred.  Sergt. — Sergeant. 

Enl.— Enlisted.  Cav.— Cavalry. 

Re-enl. — Re-enlisted.  L.  I. — Light  Infantry. 

Corp. — Corporal.  Unass. — Unassigned. 
Inf'ty — Infantry. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  171 

George  Abbott,  mus.  March  22,  1864,  for  three  years,  1st  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  L.,  trans,  to 
navy  April  25,  1864,  served  on  gunboat  Daylight;  see  naval  record. 

William  Abbott,  Jr.,  mus.  January  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  30  R.,  Co.  K.,  died  at 
Baton  Rouge,  La.,  August,  1862. 

James  W.  Abbott.     Credited  to  Rockport. 

George  H.  Adams,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Howard  Adams,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G.,  dis. 
November  u,  1862. 

Howard  L.  Adams,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  too  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

William  Adams,  mus.  December  22,  1862,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  D, 
died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  August  15,  1863. 

Daniel  S.  Allen,  mus.  September  17,  1862,  assistant  surgeon  4ist  R.;  February  20, 
1865,  surgeon  I7th  R.  The  4ist  R.  became  the  3d  R.  Mass.  Vols.  June  17,  1863,  and 
he  was  promoted  from  the  latter  to  surgeon  of  the  I7th,  dis.  July  i  ith,  1865. 

Edward  Allen,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C.,  dis.  Novem- 
ber u,  1863,  rejected  recruit. 

Edward  II.  Allen,  mus.  November  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D;  reenl. 
January  5,  1864,  for  same  term,  same  company  and  regiment.  First  dis.  day  previous  to 
re-enlist.,  wounded  and  left  on  field  at  battle  of  Wilderness,  1864,  and  at  Laurel  Hill, 
dis.  May  12,  1864. 

Francis  Allen,  ist  R.,  died  at  Andersonville  prison,  September  14,  1864. 

George  D.  Allen,  mus.  November  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D.,  dis.  Jan- 
uary i,  1862,  for  disability. 

George  F.  Allen,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  October  i,  1863, 
of  sunstroke. 

George  W.  Allen,  mus.  January  3,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  October 
16,  1862,  for  disability. 

Henry  B.  Allen,  mus.  December  7,  1863.  for  three  years,  Mass.  Lt.  Art'y,  2d  Battery, 
Co.  M.,  engaged  at  Red  River,  died  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  June  30,  1864,  °f  chronic 
diarrhoea. 

James  S.  C.  Allen,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  18,  1864,  f°r  Io°  days,  dis.  August  7,  1863,  and  November  10,  1864,  detailed  as 
nurse  in  Stanley  Hospital,  Newbern,  N.  C.  in  January,  1863. 

John  L.  Allen,  mus.  August  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  teamster,  igth  R.,  Co.  F, 
engagements;  Seven  days'  fight,  prom,  to  Ambulance  Corps,  April  16,  1864, trans,  to  Vet. 
Res.  Corps  September  26,  1863,  dis.  August  10,  1864. 

Nathaniel  E.  Allen,  mus.  July  9,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  n, 
1864. 

Gorliam  B.  Ames,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Albert  C.  Andrews,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  prom,  to 
corp.  in  1863,  to  sergt.  in  1864,  dis.  to  re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  dis.  for  disability,  October 
20,  1865,  received  gunshot  wound  through  right  shoulder  and  back  at  Petersburg,  June 
18,  1864 ;  also  gunshot  wound  in  right  leg,  and  suffered  three  amputations  above  the 
knee;  eng.:  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  Chancellors ville,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Petersburg, 
Bethesda  Church,  Laurel  Hill,  Weldon  Railroad,  South  Side  Railroad,  Preble's  Farm, 
Second  Bull  Run,  Fredericksburg,  Williamsburg,  Cold  Harbor,  Manassas  Junction, 
Poplar  Spring  Church,  Wilderness,  North  Anna  River,  Spottsylvania,  Hatcher's  Run, 
and  many  important  skirmishes. 

AmOS  Andrews,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  also 
served  nine  months  in  2d  Maine,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

HoratiO  X.  Andrews,  mus.  August  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  I4th  R.,  Co.  A  ;  this  reg- 
iment was,  in  1863  changed  to  the  ist  Mass.  H.  A.;  eng.:  In  front  of  Petersburg, 
Second  Bull  Run,  Spottsylvania,  Chantilly,  Centreville,  and  Fredericksburg,  dis.  July  8, 
1864. 

Ira  Andrews,  mus.  July  i,  1862,  for  six  months,  7th  R.,  Co.  B.,  dis.  December  31, 
1862. 

James  Andrews,  mus.  December  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R,  Co.  K,  died  at 
New  Orleans,  La.,  December  16,  1862. 

Andrew  Anderson,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Unattached  Inf'y, 
dis.  June  29,  1865. 


172  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Stafford  Ashley,  mus.  November  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  yd.  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  June 
5,  1862,  for  disability. 

John  S.  Atkinson,  assistant  sutler. 

Hiram  AYCrill,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Nov.  10,  1864,  re-enl. 
January  3,  1865,  for  one  year,  25th  R.  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865;  credited  to  Rock- 
port. 

AdOlphUS  Aymer,  mus.  July  17,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.  Co.  K,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

FltZ  J.  BabSOn,  see  ante. 

Frank  H.  BabSOn,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,*dis. 
August  17,  1863. 

JTlcholas  P.  BabSOn,    mus.  November  17,  1863,  for   three   years,  dis.  December    2, 

1863,  to  re-enlist;  re-enl.  next  day,  wounded  at  Cold  Harbor,  1864,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 
Osman   BabSOn,    mus.    September   15,    1862,    for   nine  months,    8th  R.  Co.  G,  dis. 

August  7,  1863. 

John  H.  Bagley,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863,  re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  for  too  days,  dis.  November.  10,  1864. 

Edwin  Bailey,  mus.  January  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  January  20, 
1865. 

George  T.  Bailey,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  I2th  R.  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Moun- 
tain, Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  April  29,  1863,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  taken  pris- 
oner, returned  to  duty  October  8,  1863,  detailed  for  provost  guard,  2d  Division,  in  Janu- 
ary, dis.  July  8,  1864;  killed  rebel  officer  and  secured  his  equipment  at  Second  Bull  Run. 

Lewis  Bailey,  mus.  January   n,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth   R.  Co.  K,  dis.  January  i, 

1864,  to  re-enlist  next  day,  dis.  January  20,  1865;  eng.:  Capture  of    New  Orleans,  Siege 
of  Port  Hudson,  Winchester,  Cedar  Creek,  Fisher's  Hill  and  Baton  Rouge. 

Richard  Baker,  mus.  December  3,  1862,  48th  R.  Co.  D,  for  nine  months,  dis. 
September  3,  1863. 

Richmond  Baker.    Credited  to  Topsfield! 

Edward  Barber,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months;  on  campaign, 
mainly  in  Newbern,  N.  C.,  under  Gen.  Foster,  dis.  August  7,  1863,  re-enl.  July  7,  1864, 
for  100  days,  in  8th  R.  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Peter  Barker,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

John  S.  Barrett,  mus.  December  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  3rd  Mass.  Cavalry,  Co.  L, 
thrown  from  horse  and  had  three  ribs  broken ;  dis.  June  15,  1862  of  disability  from 
chronic  diarrhaea  from  which  he  died  May  6,  1865. 

John  J.  Barry,  mus.  September  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Bat.  Mass'.  Lt.  Art'y, 
dis.  June  15,  1865. 

John  Baxter,  mus.  December  13,  1862,  I2th  Bat.  Lt.  Art'y,  prom,  to  Corp.,  dis.  July 
25,  1865. 

Leverett  S.  Heals,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis. 
August  7,  1863,  re-enl.  December  9,  1864,  as  Corp.,  dis.  June  29,  1865,  Credited  to 
Rockport. 

Samuel  Bean,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  for  three  years,  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Weldon,  R.  R.,  August  21,  1864;  dis.  December  i,  1864. 

George  Berry,  mus.  June  14,  1862,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  died  September  27,  1862,  at  New 
Orleans. 

Walter  Berry,  mus.  October  20,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  detailed  in 
December  on  Gunboat  Dragon,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Andrew  B.  Bickford,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  team- 
ster in  Foster  expedition  in  North  Carolina  in  1862,  detailed  as  carpenter,  dis.  August  7, 
1863. 

James  H.  Bingham,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  as  corp.  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  for  three  years, 
prom,  to  color  corp.  March,  1863. 

John  Birmingham,  mus.  August  25,  1864,  6ist  R.,  Co.  D.  for  one  year,  dis.  June  4, 
1865. 

Asbury  C.  Blake,  mus.  January  26,  1863,  sergt.  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  Cavalry, 
Co.  K,  dis.  Tune  20,  1865. 

Charles  M.  Blake,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  detailed 
as  corp.  1863,  dis.  August  7,  1863,  re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

Eugene  A.  Blake,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  in 
which  he  was  quartermaster's  clerk,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  173 

Elijah  1).  Blum-hard,  mus.  August  i,  1862,  in  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  for  two  years,  eng.: 
South  West  Creek,  Whitehall,  Kingston,  N.  C.,  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.,  April  27,  1804, 
•dis.  September  28,  1864. 

Benjamin  F.  Blatcllford,  mus.  October  9,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  k.,  H.  A.,  as  2d 
lieut.  prom,  to  ist  Lieut.  June  21,  1865,  dis.  September  3,  1865. 

Charles  Blatcllford,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  ist  Corp.  for  three 
years,  bruised  by  shell  at  battle  of  Newbern,  N.  C.,  wounded  March  14,  1862,  at  New- 
bern, N.  C.,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  November  17,  1863,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

GftOrge  Blatchford,  mus.  August  11,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  II,  dis. 
January  21,  1864. 

Henry  Blatchford,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Baton  Rouge,  died  September  10,  1862,  at  Carleton,  La. 

James  Blatcllford,  mus.  January  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Winchester,  September  22,  1864,  and  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Va. 

James  H.  Blatcllford,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  dis.  January  4,  1864, 
re-enl.  next  day  for  three  years,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Thomas  Blatchford,  mus.  November  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
January  4,  1864,  re-enl.  next  day,  dis.  June  29,  1865,  eng.:  Spottsylvania,  1864,  wounded  in 
the  hand. 

Kdw  ill  E.  Bowman,  enl.  December  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  eng.: 
Fredericksburg,  Antietam,  Chancellorsville,  etc.;  April  22,  1864,  trans,  to  navy;  see  naval 
record. 

falhoim  H.  Boyce,  mus.  August  7,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  I. 

Daniel  Boyilton,  mus.  October  17,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  4,  1864,  as  sergt.,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

Heber  Boynton,  mus.  July  8,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November,  1864, 
re-enl.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Mass.  Infty.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Samuel  BoyntOIl,  24th  R.,  see  Daniel. 

Le\1  Brackett,  jr.,  mus.  July  22,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  December 
2,  1863,  reenl.  next  day  for  three  years,  eng.:  Rawle's  Mills,  Southwest  Creek,  Kingston, 
Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Petersburg,  Cold  Harbor,  Drury's  Bluff;  taken  prisoner  at 
Drury's  Bluff,  died  at  Andersonville  prison,  June  12,  1864. 

Walter  8.  Bradbury,  mus.  September  12,  1862,  for  three  months,  44th  R.,  Co.  C, 
died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  January  22,  1863. 

Albert  W.  Bray,  mus.  March  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  dis. 
November  4,  1862,  for  disability. 

Albion  B.  Bray,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

Albion  M.  Bray,  i/th  R.,  same  name  credited  to  South  Danvers  together  with  a  num- 
ber of  Gloucester  men  in  Co.  G. 

Charles  E.  Bray,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G.  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

Henry  P.  Bray,  |r.,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Joseph  W.  Bray;  uth  R.,  H.  A.  (?) 

Josiall  C.  Bray,  mus.  October  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  March  3, 
1862,  re-enl.  next  day  as  sergt.,  dis.  June  20,  1866. 

Samuel  B.  Bray,  mus.  July  30,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  3, 
1864. 

Solomon  X.  Bray,  mus.  July  30,  1862,  ist  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  eng.: 
Second  Bull  Run,  Gettysburg,  Petersburg,  Richmond,  all  through  Grant's  campaign 
from  taking  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  wounded  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
June  18,  1864,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

Thomas  C.  Bray,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Ebeil  H.  Brazier,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1863. 

John  Brazier,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  10  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

George  A.  BrCWton,  mus.  December  16,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died 
November  3,  1862,  at  Carleton,  La. 

Joshua  Bridges,  mus.  August  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R..Co.  F,  dis.  Decem- 
ber, 1862,  for  disability. 

Peter  Brien,  mus.  December  13,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Theodore  Broderick,  mus.  in  New  Orleans,  May  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R., 


174  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Co.  K,  as  corp.  dis.  January  i,  1864,  re-enl.  from  Gloucester,  January  2,  1864,  for  three 
years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  as  sergt.,  dis.  May  12,  1865. 

Cornelius  BrOOk,  mus.  February  9,  1864,  56th  R.,  Co.  D,  for  three  years,  dis.  July  30, 
1865. 

Samuel  W.  Brown,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  as 
corp.,  dis.  August  7,  1863,  re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days  as  ist  sergt.,  dis.  May  10, 
1864. 

Richard  Bryant,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  5oth  R.,  Co.  A. 

Hiram  S.  Buftington,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co?  C, 
wounded  in  the  foot  at  Newbern,  N.C.,  detailed  as  nurse  in  hospital,  dis.  September  15, 
1863,  for  disability,  died  September  22,  1863. 

Albert  H.  Bulkley,  mus.  September  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  22d  R.,  Co.  B.  eng.: 
Hanover  Court  House,  Mechanicsville,  etc.,  prom,  to  sergt.,  dis.  September  29,  1862, 
for  disability. 

George  >T.  Burgess,  mus.  August  6,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  F,  eng.:  Ball's 
Bluff,  Yorktown,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Peach  Orchard,  Glendale,  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Bull  Run  (2),  Gettysburg,  Falling  Water,  Cold  Harbor  (2),  Wilderness, 
Spottsvlvania,  Deep  Bottom,  Petersburg,  dis.  December  20,  1863,  as  Vet.  Vol.,  re-enl. 
same  day,  dis.  June  30,  1865. 

Thomas  F.  Burgess,  mus.  January  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Bolivar  Heights,  New  Orleans,  Baton  Rouge,  and  many  skirmishes  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  injured  at  Baton  Rouge  1864,  dis.  January  19,  1865  for  disability. 

Henry  Burke,  mus.  January  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  January  20, 
1865,  re-enl.  as  drummer. 

William  Blirke,  mus.  August  12,  1862,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  F,  killed  at 
Antietam,  September  17,  1862. 

John  G.  Burnham,  mus.  March  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  L.,  eng.:  Second 
Bull  Run,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad, 
dis.  March  7,  1865. 

Samuel  S.  Burnham,  mus.  March  6,  1862,  ist  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  died  of  wounds  at 
Richmond,  Va.T  September  13,  1864. 

Simeon  Al  Bumham,  mus.  August  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  E,  re-enl. 
November  9,  1863,  as  second  lieut.  for  three  years,  resigned  February  12,  1864; 
enlisted  March  n,  1864,  for  three  years,  as  sergt.,  loth  Battery,  L.  A.,  dis.  June  27,  1865. 

George  W.  Burpee,  mus.  November  13,  1861,  for  three  years,  as  sergt.,  32d  R.,  Co.  D, 
died  November  i,  1862,  at  Fairfax  Hospital. 

John  Burpee,  mus.  August  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  A,  eng.:  Kingston, 
Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Winton,  Blount's  Mills,  dis.  August  2,  1864. 

Warren  A.  Burpee,  mus.  December  28,  1863,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  C  ;  eng.: 
provost  duty,  Newbern,  N.  C.,dis.  June  10,  1865  from  hospital. 

William  Busby,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  I, 
1861 ;  re-enl.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  December  2,  1863, 
re-enl.  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  230!  R.  Co.  C,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

David  Butler,  mus.  November  17,  i86i,for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 5,  1864.;  eng:  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  Chancellorsville,  Fredericks- 
burg,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Weldon  Railroad,  Richmond,  until  surrender  of  Lee  at 
Appomattox  C.  H.,  wounded  May  12,  1864,  dis.  January  4,  1865,  to  re-enlist  as  Vet.  Vol. 
dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Edward  Butler,  mus.  June  i,  1862,  for  six  months,  I7th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  December 
31,  1862,  re-enl.  December  9,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865;  also  served  six  months  at  Fort 
Totten,  Newbern,  N.  C. 

Walter  Blltler,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  eng.:  Wil- 
derness, died  at  Carver  Hospital,  August  4,  1864,  of  typhoid  fever. 

Edward  D.  CallOta,  mus.  February  12,  1864,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  June 
25,  1865. 

John  Cain,  mus.  February  i,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Baton 
Rouge,  died  September  26,  1802,  at  New  Orleans,  La. 

Humphrey  L.  Calder,  mus.  August  16,  1862,  chaplain,  for  three  years,  7th  N.  Y.  H. 
A.,  eng.:  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Reams  Station,  Weldon 
Railroad,  dis.  March  22,  1865. 

George  H.  CaldWCll,  mus.  November  28,  1863,  for  three  years,  ist  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  A. 

John  M.  Caldwell,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  175 

Stephen  J.  fall,  mus.  November  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  320!  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 5,  1864,  dis.  January  5,  1865;  eng.:  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Aldie, 
Bristow  Station,  New  hope  Church,  Wilderness,  Second  Bull  Run,  Hlackburn  Ford, 
Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock  Station,  Mine  Run,  Spottsylvania,  Laurel 
Hill,  wounded  at  Laurel  Hill,  May  12,  t864,  severely  wounded  at  Wilderness,  dis.  Janu- 
ary 5,  1865,  and  suffered  amputation  of  right  arm. 

John  II.  Calef,  appointed  cadet  at  West  Point,  June,  1858,  graduated  June  17,  1862, 
assigned  to  sth  U.  S.  Lt.  Art.,  Bat.  K,  as  2d  lieut.,  trans,  to  2d  Art.  Horse  Hat.,  Octo- 
ber 1862,  prom,  to  ist  lieut.  November  4,  1863;  captain,  March  16,  1875,  served  in  the 
rebellion  from  1862  to  1866  ;  eng.:  Virginia  campaign,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  July  and 
August,  1862,  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Malvern,  Manassas.  Antietam,  Sharpsburg,  Rap- 
pahannock campaign.  Sherman's  raid  toward  Richmond,  Chancellorsville,  skirmishes  in 
various  campaigns,  at  Gettysburg,  pursuit  of  enemy  to  Warrenton,  Va.,  in  Rapidan  cam- 
paign, September  and  December,  1863,  wounded  in  September,  at  Raccoon  Ford,  in 
Richmond  campaign  in  1864,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  and  many  important  skirmishes 
not  enumerated,  brevet  captain,  July  6,  1864.  for  gallantry  and  good  conduct  at  Gettys- 
burg, and  brevet  major,  March  16,  1865  for  gallantry  and  good  conduct  during  rebellion. 

CtCOrgl'  H.  Capcil,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
December  18,  1862,  for  disability. 

Warren  F.  Capeil,  mus.  March  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  L,  dis.  March  7, 
1865. 

Francis  Card,  mus.  December  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  opposite 
Vicksbtirg,  July  28,  1862,  of  intermittent  fever. 

Horace  8.  Carlej,  mus.  December  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
September  12,  1862,  for  disability. 

Georjje  C.  Carleton,  mus.  June  19,  i86r,  for  three  months,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

William  F.  CarletOll,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

Ralford    A.  CarljSS,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  B. 

Frank  J.  Carr,  mus.  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappa- 
hannock Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  1862  and  1863,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  sent  to  hospital  July  17, 
returned  to  duty  October  25,  1863,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

John  D.  Carr,  mus.  October  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  April  23, 
1862. 

Edmund  Carter,  mus.  Nov.  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  died  October  12, 
1863,  at  hospital  in  Newbern,  N.  C. 

John  Carter,  mus.  Nov.  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  6th  Mass.  Bat.  Lt.  A.,  dis.  Mayg, 
1863.  for  disability. 

Jollll  Carter,  mus.  January  8,  1862.  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded  at  Port 
Hudson,  May  29,  1863,  dis.  October  6,  1863,  by  reason  of  wound. 

John  S.  Carter,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  three  months,  8th  R.  Co.  G,  dis.  August  i,  1861. 

Joseph  Carter,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South 
Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

Matthew  P.  Carter,  mus.  February  9,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  D,  trans. 
to  57th  Mass.  Inft.  Co.  D,  June  i,  1865,  dis.  July  30,  1865. 

John  CatCS,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  7, 
1863. 

Rent  Celestllie,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  2d  Mass.  Unassigned,  dis.  June  27,  1864, 
for  disability. 

Addison  Center.    See  ante. 

Addisoil  Center,  2d,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Albert  Center,  for  nine  months,  Sth  R.  Co.  G,  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  hospital  at 
Newbern,  February  26,  1863. 

Andrew  J.  Center,  23d  R.,  1863,  sutler. 

Edward  B.  Center,  mus.  July  22,  1862,  for  three  years,  2id  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  White- 
hall, Kingston,  Goldsboro,  and  skirimishes  of  regt.  in  N.  and  S.  Carolina,  dis.  Septem- 
ber 22.  1863.  See  naval  record. 

William  B.  Center,  mus.  July  5,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  C,  trans,  navy 
1862,  served  on  gunboat  Benton,  died  August  7,  1862,  at  Helena,  Ark. 


176  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

William  H.  Chandler,  mus.  January  17,  1862,  for  three  years,  6th  Bat.  Mass.  Lt.  A., 
died  at  Camp  Carney,  La.,  November  9,  1863. 

Jonathan  Chapman. 

David  Church,  mus.  June  15,  1861,  re-enl.  December  27,  1863,  for  three  years,  in  both 
instances  eng.:  Williamsburg,  Bottom's  Bridge,  Fair  Oaks,  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Maryland  Heights,  Salem  Heights,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock  Station, 
Mine  Run,  Wilderness  and  was  killed  in  the  latter  May  6,  1864. 

James  E.  Clancy,  mus.  November  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Cavalry,  Unattached, 
re-enl.  February  19,  1864,  for  three  years,  3d  Cavalry,  eng.:  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill, 
Cedar  Creek  and  16  others,  wounded  at  Port  Hudson  where  his  horse  was  killed,  prom, 
to  sergt.,  and  to  com.  sergt.,  dis.  February  18,  1864,  for  disability. 

Michael  Clancy,  mus.  August  30,  1864,  for  one  year,  6ist  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  October  19, 
1864,  for  disability. 

Walter  H.  Clapp,  mus.  January  12,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  as  drum- 
mer, dis.  June  n,  1863. 

George  Clark,  3d,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  as  corp. 
re-enl.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  as  private,  shot  by  guerillas  at 
Fredericksburg,  May,  1864,  which  resulted  fatally  May  18. 

Harrison  T.  Clark,  mus.  August  14,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  R.,  Co.  G,  H.  A.,  dis. 
September  18,  1865. 

Henry  Clark,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  3d  lieut.,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

James  Clark,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  36  R.,  Co.  B,  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  North  Anna  river,  dis.  June  3,  1865. 

James  Clark,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 5,  1864,  as  corp.,  dis.  January  29,  1865. 

John  Clark,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  musician,  dis.  Septembers, 
1862. 

John  W.  Clark,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  June  5, 
1862,  for  disability. 

Lester  C.  Clark,  mus.  February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  L,  H.  A.,  dis. 
February  22,  1864,  to  re-enl. 

LCVi  Clark,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  July  30, 
1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.  Co.  I,  re-enl.  July  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  do.,  dis.  June  25, 
1865. 

Samuel  L.  Clark,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Novem- 
ber 2,  1861,  as  corp.  dis.  February  13,  1863,  for  disability. 

Thomas  H.  Clark,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  F,  dis.  May  28, 
1864. 

William  Clark,  mus.  November  16,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  died  in 
Gloucester,  February  6,  1865. 

Andrew  J.  Cleaves,  mus.  November  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  M, 
ist  sergt.,  dis.  December  5,  1865. 

Edward  K.Coas,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  as  corp.,  re-enl. 
October  8,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  F,  as  sergt.,  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain. 
Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  wounded  in  hand  and  sent  to  hospital,  prom, 
to  sergt.  August  9,  1861,  dis.  December  15.  1862,  for  disability,  dis.  September  3,  1865. 

Henry  6.  Coas,  mus.  October  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 3,  1863,  as  corp.;  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Rawle's  Mills,  Southwest  Creek, 
Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Wilcox  Bridge,  Cold  Harbor,  Drury's  Bluff,  Peters- 
burg, prom,  to  corp.  November  1863,  to  sergt.  October  1864,  to  2d  lieut.  June  2d,  1865, 
wounded  at  Cold  Harbor,  dis.  as  sergt.  June  2,  1865. 

Thomas  Coas,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 5,  1864  as  ist  sergt.;  eng.:  all  the  battles  of  the  32d  regt.;  stunned  by  a  shell  at  the 
Wilderness  and  laid  on  the  field  all  day,  reported  dead,  wounded  at  Centreville,  August, 
1862,  at  Spottsylvania  in  1864,  at  Laurel  Hill  May  12,  1864,  prom,  to  corp.  and  sergt. 
and  to  2d  lieut.  July  20,  1864,  to  ist  lieut.  April  i,  1865  and  trans,  to  Co.  F,  of  which 
he  was  in  command  when  discharged  June  29,  1865. 

Charles  H.  CODb,  mus.  July  16,  1864,  for  100  days,  5th  R.,  Co.  F,  dis.  November  16, 
1864. 

Robert  Colbit,  47 th  R. 

Hezekiah  Colby,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  as  corp.,  eng.: 
Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  prom,  to  sergt. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  177 

December  27,  1861,  color  sergt.  of  the  regt.,  killed  in  action  August  30,  1862,  at  Grove- 
ton,  Va. 

John  M.  ( 'oh1,  8th  R. 

Lola  Coley,  mus.  January  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  January  20, 
1865. 

Charles  I).  Collins,  mus.  November  27,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
December  28,  1864. 

Michael  Collins,  mus.  August  31,  1864,  for  one  year,  6ist  R.,Co.  B,  dis.  June  4,  1865. 

Robert  (i.  ColllllS,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.  Co.  G,  as  corp. 
re-enl.  June  6,  1863,  and  October  8,  1863,  as  sergt.  H.  A.,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.,  2d  H.  A., 
January  10,  1865,  dis.  September  3,  1865. 

John  F.  Colfyer,  45th  R. 

Edwill  E.  Condon,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

James  Connors.      See  naval  record. 

John  Connor,  mus.  August  12,  1863,  for  three  years,  u  R.,  Co.  F,  trans,  to  navy. 
See  naval  record. 

Thomas  Connor,  gth  R. 

Albert  C.  COOk,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

Benjamin  F.  Cook.    See  ante. 

Ralford  A.  CarljSS,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  B. 

Frank  J.  Carr,  mus.  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K;  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rap- 
pahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  1862  and  1863,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg;  sent  to  hospital,  July  17, 
returned  to  duty,  October  25,  1863,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

Edmillld  COOk,  mus.  August  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  corp.  22d  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl. 
December  9,  1864,  as  sergt.  25th  R.,  Unattached,  trans.  Feb.  8,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C.,  dis. 
June  2gth,  1865. 

Henry  A.  COOk,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  i?th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  December 
31,  1863,  as  corp.  eng.:  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsborough,  Blount's  Creek,  Winston, 
Batchekler  Creek,  Washington,  N.  C.,  Coill  Creek,  trans,  to  Co.  C,  dis.  July  n,  1865. 

Jeremiah  P.  Cook,  see  Ante. 

William  H.  COOk,  mus.  December  31,  1861,  for  three  years,  as  corp.  3oth  R.,  Co.  K, 
eng.:  Baton  Rouge,  Port  Hudson,  Cox  Plantation,  prom,  to  corp.  May  25,  1862,  to  sergt. 
November  21.  1862,  to  ord. -sergt.  August  15,  1863,  dis.  January  20,  1865. 

Edward  COOkson,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  I, 
1861,  re-enl.  September  i,  1861,  for  three  years,  in  ist  R.,  Co.  of  Sharpshooters. 

John    R.  Copelaild,    30th  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  dis.  October  16,  1862. 

Hczekiah  Corliss,  mus.  November  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1863.  disability. 

Reuben  Corliss,  mus.  August  5,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  October 
3,  1862,  disability. 

Benjamin  Corning,  mus.  January  7,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1863.  subsequently  died. 

James  H.  CosgroVC,  mus'.  November  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  wounded  in  chest  at  Spottsylvania  in  1864,  and  at  Laurel  Hill,  May  12, 
1864.  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Frederick   COSman,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D. 

Samuel  Courtney,  mus.  January  31,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
December  9,  1864,  as  corp.  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Lyman  COWles,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  L, 
trans,  to  Co.  L,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  dis.  December  4,  1864. 

Lyman  COWles,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

MerriCk  COWles,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  L, 
trans,  to  Co.  L,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  dis.  December  4,  1864. 

Charles  Craig,  Co.  G,  2d  Maine,  dis.  for  disability. 

John  Crane,  mus.  January  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  H,  dis.  June  21, 
1865. 

William  J.  Cravans,  mus.  August  11,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  C. 

George  H.  Crockett,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  as 
corp.  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  April  26,  1862. 


178  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

John  Crockett,  mus.  May  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  3, 
1864. 

John  Cronan,  mus.  August  23,   1864,  for  one  year,  6ist  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  June  4,  1865. 

Benjamin  Crosby,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  28,  1863, for  three  years,  2d  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  for  three  years,  detailed  on 
gunboat  Dragon,  at  Newbern,  December,  1862,  died  at  Newbern,  Dec.  5,  1864. 

John  Crosb}',  mus.  December  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  at  siege  of 
Port  Hudson,  1863,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  January  15,  1864. 

John  Daggett,  mus.  August  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  lyth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
25,  1863,  for  disability. 

John  A.  Dame,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  H,  trans,  to  V. 
R.  C.,  February  8,  1864. 

Warren  C.  Dane,  mus.  June  20,  1863,  2cl  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  H,  dis.  May  23,  1865,  for 
disability. 

Joseph  A.  Daniels,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months;8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  June 
6,  1861,  for  disability. 

William  Darcy,  mus.  July  28,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  died  October  13, 
1864. 

Charles  Davis,  mus.  December  23,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Mass.  Bat.,  Lt.  A. 

Charles  S.  Davis,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  re-eni.  January  5, 
1865  as  corp.  eng:  Spottslyvania,  dangerously  wounded  in  arm  and  hip  in  1864,  prom,  to 
corp.  January  5,  1864,  dis.  April  22,  1865  for  disability. 

Francis  Davis,  mus.  September  15.  1860,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,Co.  G,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1863- 

George  Everett  Davis,  mus.  January  18,  1864,  for  ioo  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Nov- 
ember 10,  1864. 

John  H.  Davis,  mus.  September  28,  i86i,for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Dec- 
ember 3,  1863,  dis.  1863,  to  reenl.,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  of  yellow  fever,  November 
6,  1864. 

John  J.  Davis,  mus.  November  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl. 
August  25,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to  sergt.  and  2d  lieut., 
eng. ;  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Wilderness,  Whitehall,  Spottsylvania,  Goldsboro, 
wounded  slightly  in  May,  1864,  dis.  May,  1862  for  physicial  disability  and  June,  1863  by 
reason  of  re-enl.  as  sergt.  2d  R.,  Mass.  H.  A.,  dis.  December  29,  1863  to  accept  appoint- 
ment in  another  regt.  dis.  on  account  of  disability,  May  19,  1864. 

Nathaniel  T.  Davis,  mus.  May  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  H,  mus.  out  May 

24,  1864.    See  naval  record. 

Oliver  Davis,  mus.  March  17,  1862,  for  three  years,  istR.,H.  A.,  eng.:  Petersburg  and 
Richmond,  wounded  June  16,  1864,  in  the  head  at  Petersburg,  prom,  to  corp.  1863,  dis. 
at  expiration  of  service. 

William  H.  H.  Davis,  mus.  November  i,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
December  3,  1864. 

Charles  Davison,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  3ist  R.,  Co.  F,  prom,  to 
corp.  July  i,  1864,  to  sergt.  December  i,  1864,  dis.  June  9,  1865. 

Abraham  Day,  jr.,  mus.  July  22,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C.  died  in  Libby 
prison,  having  been  wounded  and  taken  prisoner. 

Benjamin  H.  Day,  mus.  November  16,  1864,  for  one  year,  2d  Unattached,  dis.  July  7, 
i86£ 

Charles  Day,  mus.  October  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  February 
16,  1864,  eng.  :  Newbern,  Cold  Harbor,  shot  in  thigh  at  Newbern,  wounded  at  Cold  Har- 
bor, detailed  on  gunboat  Lancer  in  1861,  died  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  June  26,  1864,  of 
wounds  received  at  Cold  Harbor. 

David  S.  Day,  mus.  February  20,  1864,  39th  R.,  Co.  F,  as  corp.,  eng. :  Petersburg 
June  18,  1864,  and  wounded  in  leg  and  arm,  trans.  June  i,  1865  to  57th  Infty.  Co.  F, 
dis.  June  30,  1865. 

Eben  Day,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  ioo  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  December  30,  1864, 
for  one  year,  2Cth  R.,  Unattached,  dis.  June  29, 1865. 

George  E.  Day,  mus.  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  December  3,  1863,  eng.  : 
Petersburg,  Cold  Harbor,  Wilderness,  Kingston,  N.  C.,  P'ort  Whitehall,  etc.,  dis.  June 

25,  1861;. 

Jacob  A.  Day,  mus.  November  25,  1861,  for  three   years,  32d   R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 5,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 
John  Day,  mus.  June  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.  :  Weldon  R.  R., 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  179 

wounded  in  the  head,  died  in  hospital  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  October  28,  1864,  was  taken 
prisoner  in  said  battle  and  confined  in  Libby  prison,  trans.  June  25,  1864,  to  36th  Infty., 
Co.  F. 

John  William  Day,  mus.  May  23,  1861,  ist  R.,  Co.  H,  also  in  ist  R.  I.  Cav..  in  1863 
as  bugler,  taken  prisoner  at  Millsburg  in  1863,  dis.  August  29,  1861  for  disability. 

Samuel  C.  Hay,  mus.  December  8,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  L.  A.  Hat.,  eng. : 
Cain  River,  Natchitoches,  Sabine  Pass  and  Fort  Blakely,  dis.  August  n,  1865. 

William  Hay,  mus.  January  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  on  pass- 
age home  in  November,  1862,  dis.  October  16,  1862. 

Henry  A.  Delano,  mus.  December  30,  1863.  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  wounded, 
taken  prisoner  and  confined  in  Libby  prison,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

James    G.  Denny,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  A,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

John  B.  Dennis,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South 
Mountain,  Antietam,  severely  wounded  in  groin  and  foot  at  Fredericksburg,  December 
13,  1862,  and  sent  to  hospital,  dis.  September  4,  1863  for  disability. 

Leonard  G.  Dennis,  2d  Unattached  as  Captain,  November  16,  1864,  dis.  July  7,  1865. 

William  Dennis,  re-enl.  in  1864,  4th  Bat.  Co.  C,  U.  S.  Art. 

William  P.  Dennis,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
October  22,  1862,  to  re-enl.  in  U.  S.  A. 

James  Devilie,  mus.  August  22,  1864,  for  one  year,  6th  Bat.  Mass.  Lt.  A.,  dis.  June 
19,  1865. 

Juvenar  De  Ornellas,  mus.  December  16,  1861,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
October  16,  1862,  for  disability,  died  January  3,  1863. 

Henry  De  Vries,  mus.  August  i,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Rawle's 
Mills,  Southwest  Creek,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  N.  C.,  Wilcox  Bridge  and 
other  skirmishes,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

James  H.  Dexter,  mus.  November  20,  1861,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  January  5,  1864, 
prom,  to  Corp.  November  12,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

James  V.  Dexter,  2d  Lieut,  quartermaster's  staff,  Asboth's  Division. 

Edwin  A.  Dickson,  mus.  January  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
July  12,  1865. 

Fred  H.  DixOIl,    s6th  R.    See  Edwin  A. 

George  W.  Dodge,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  as 
sergt.,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

John  B.  Dodge,  mus.  March  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  L,  re-enl.  March  10, 
1864,  dis.  August  16,  1865,  eng.:  Spottsylvania,  P>ordton,  Plank  Road,  Petersburg,  Sail- 
or's Creek,  Gettysburg,  at  surrender  of  Lee's  army,  wounded  in  both  legs  May  18,  1864 
at  Spottsylvania. 

Edward  Dolllver,  mus.  August  27,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  re-enl.  July 
7,  1864.  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

William  H.  Dolliver,  mus.  November  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  and 
I3th  R.,  H.  A.,  for  three  years  ;  and  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  for  three  years ;  eng.:  Antietam, 
Gettysburg,  South  Mountain.  Petersburg,  Mine  Run,  and  all  engagements  of  the  32d  R. 
up  to  1864;  prom,  to  sergt.,  March  i,  1863;  prom,  to  second  lieut.,  July  4,  1863;  dis. 
January  4,  1864,  having  re-enl.  as  a  vet.  vol.;  dis.  March  i,  1864,  having  received  a  com- 
mission in  1 3th  Co.  H.  A.,  dis.  September  18,  1865. 

George  W.  Dorr,  mus.  June  13,  1861,  for  three  years,  nth  R.,  Co.  F;  eng.:  First 
Bull  Run,  wounded  in  left  leg,  received  gunshot  and  scalp  wound,  and  made  prisoner, 
confined  from  July  21,  1861,  to  May  26,  1862  ;  dis.  December  7,  1862,  for  disability. 

Edwin  W.  Doteil,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  as  sergt.,  re-enl.  January  13,  1865,  23d  R.,  Co. 
C,  one  year  ;  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull 
Run,  Chantilly,  wounded  at  Antietam,  lost  finger;  dis.  February  7,  1863,  for  disability, 
and  June  25,  1865. 

Jonathan  Douglass,  mus.  April  30.  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
November  18,  1861 ;  wounded  in  thigh  by  shell  at  Gettysburg;  trans.  V.  R.  C.,  March  14, 
1864;  dis.  November  14,  1865. 

Robert  Douglass,  mus.  August  13,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G  ;  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

Samuel  C.  Douglass,  jr.,  mus.  July  21,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  R.,  H.  A.,  mounted 
messenger,  dis.  September  8,  1865. 

William  Douglass,  mus.  January  26,  1863,  for  two  years,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  K ; 
dis.  June  8,  1865. 


180  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Solomon  F.  I)(»vns.  mus.  January  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K  ;  dis. 
September  12,  1864,  for  disability. 

John  L.  Duley,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  f°r  three  years,  3d  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  trans, 
to  navy,  September  19,  1864.  See  naval  record. 

Thomas  Dundass.  mus.  September  i,  1863,  for  three  years,  22d  R.,  Co.  A,  trans, 
to  navy,  April,  1864.  See  naval  record. 

Martin  Dunn,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  as  Corp.,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  for  too  days,  as  sergt.,  8th  R.,  Co.  G;  re-enl.  December  14,  1864, 
for  one  year,  second  lieut.  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

William  E.  Dunn,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  trans,  to  navy,  May  3,  1864.  See  naval  record. 

John  K.  DUStin,  jr.,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  "years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.: 
Roanoke  and  Newbern  ;  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  February  8,  1864;  dis.  September  28,  1864. 

J.  Franklin  Dyer,  mus.  August  22,  1861.  for  three  years,  surgeon,  igth  R.,  eng.: 
Ball's  Bluff,  Yorktown,  West  Point,  Fair  Oaks,  June  i  and  16,  1862;  Orchard  Station, 
Savage  Station,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Glendale,  Malvern  Hill,  First  and  Second  Bull  Run, 
South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Bristow 
Station,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Po  River,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River,  Tolo- 
potomy  Creek,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Strawberry  Plains,  Ream's  Station;  appointed 
surgeon-in-chief,  Second  Division,  Second  Army  Corps,  on  General  Howard's  staff, 
December  3,  1862;  dis.  August  28,  1864. 

John  Dunn,  28th  R.,  Co.  D,  wounded,  1864. 

Horace  M.  Eaton,  mus.  Aug.  n,  1862,  32dR.,  Co.  H,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  Janu- 
uary  5,  1864  as  Corp.,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Osman  0.  Earle,  mus.  Jan  15, 1864,  ryth  111.  R.,  Co.  H,  for  thirty-seven  months,  eng.: 
Drippery  Springs,  injured  between  Butler  and  Germantown,  prom,  to  train-master,  dis. 
December  5,  1865. 

Richard  Eddy,  mus.  September  17,  1861  as  chaplain,  6th  N.  Y.  R.,  for  three  years,  eng.: 
Harper's  Ferry,  Sulphur  Springs,  Warrentown,  Antietam,  resigned  and  dis.  March  20, 
1863, 

Eben  H.  R.  Ellery,  lieut.  iigth  Ohio,  enl.  in  Cincinnati  when  war  broke  out,  served 
through  Fremont's  campaign  in  Missouri,  wounded  in  arm  and  resigned,  re-enl.  in  iigth 
Ohio. 

William  P.  Ellery,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  for  three  years,  slightly 
wounded  at  Gettysburg,  1863,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  September  26,  1863. 

William  Elliott,  mus.  July  28,  1862,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  for  two  years,  dis.  October  13, 
1864. 

Andrew  Elwell,  see  ante. 

Austin  D.  Elwell,  mus.  June  14,  1864,  42d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  100  days,  dis.  November 
ii,  1864. 

George  Elwell,  Jr.,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  in  Band  of  2d  R.,  for  three  years,  musician, 
re-enl.  March  27,  1863,  as  musician  for  three  years  in  2d  Brig.  Band,  ist  Div.,  2Oth 
Army  corps,  dis.  June  13,  1865. 

George  F.  Elwell,  mus.  December  24,  1863,  2d  R.,  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  K,  for  three 
years,  wounded  in  leg  during  rebel  raid  in  Maryland,  July,  1864,  dis.  June  15,  1865. 

Howard  Elwell,  mus.  June  20,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co/  C,  for  too  days,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 9,  1864.  as  musician,  25th  Unattached,  for  one  year,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Thomas  H.  Elwell,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  32d  R.,  Co.  H.  for  three  years,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864.  as  corp.,  slightly  wounded  at  Wilderness,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Loly  El}',  mus.  January  2,  1862,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  eng.:  Winchester, 
Fisher's  Hill,  Leader  Creek,  Port  Hudson,  dis.  January  20,  1862. 

Enoch  Emery,  mus.  July  30,  1862,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  years,  dis.  May  30,  1863, 
for  disability. 

Samuel  S.  EstCS,  mus.  Sept.  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  nine  months,  dis.  August  7, 
1863. 

John  J.  Everdeail,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  prom,  to  corp.,  eng.:  at  Fort  Totten 
and  Newbern,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Samuel  H.  Everett,  mus.  September  28,  1 86-1,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  sergt. 
re-enl.  January  14,  1864,  as  corp.  58th  R.,  Co.  A,  for  three  years,  wounded  in  back  by  a 
shell  July  30,  1864,  while  in  command  of  company  after  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  prom,  to 
sergt. -major,  dis.  July  14,  1865. 

Charles  W.  Fader,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  sergt.  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  three  years,  eng.: 
Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  wounded  at 
Fredericksburg,  prom,  to  ist  sergt.  September  i,  1862,  dis.  April  7,  1863,  for  disability. 


HISTOKY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  181 

Samuel  B.  Famham,  mus.  Feb.  25,  1864,  $6th  R.,  Co.  K,  three  years,  dis.  July  12, 
1865. 

Nicholas  Farrell,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 
Daniel  M.  Favor,  mus.  Oct.  30,   1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  April  2, 

1864,  eng.:    Roanoke   Island,    Newbern,   Batchelder's  Creek,    Wilderness,  Spottsylvania, 
wounded  in  left  breast  May  n,  1864,  dis.  November  13,  1865,  for  disability. 

George  L  Fears,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  as  corp.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  months,  re-enl. 
September  15,  1862,  istsergt.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  nine  months,  enl.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co. 
G,  for  100  days,  as  ist.  sergt.  prom.  2d  lieut.  July  22,  1864,  to  ist  lieut.  three  days  later, 
dis.  November  10,  1864,  acting  postmaster  at  Shelltown,  Md.,  1864. 

Samuel  Fears,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  months,  as  sergt.,  re-enl. 
•September  15,  1862,  2d  lieut.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

William  Fears,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  100  days,  dis.  Nov.  10,  1864, 
died  May  14,  1867,  of  consumption  contracted  in  service. 

Stark  FellOWS,  lieut.,  lieut. -col.  4th  N.  H.  R..  2d  U.S.,  colored,  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth, teacher  of  Beacon  street  school  during  winters  of  1861,  1862,  eng.:  Tampa,  Fla. 
prom,  to  col.,  died  at  Key  West,  May  22,  1864,  age  23. 

.lames  B.  Firth,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  one  year,  dis.  June  29, 

1865,  see  naval  record. 

Frederick  Fisher,  mus.  August  7,  1862,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  eng.:  Goldsboro,  Newbern, 
Trenton,  Kingston,  on  detailed  service,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Harrison  Fisher,  mus.  Nov.  25,  1861,  3d  R.,  Unattached  Cav.,  dis.  December,  1861, 
for  disability. 

Peter  Flamiagan,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  nine  months,  re-enl. 
January  12,  1864,  56th  R.,  Co.  E,  for  three  years,  dis.  June  13,  1865,  for  disability. 

Moses  W.  Follansbee,  mus.  December' 12,  1862,  3d  Cav.,  Co.  D,  died 'April  4, 
1865. 

William  B.  Follansbee,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  100  days,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 10,  1-864. 

Charles  K.  Forbes,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  prom, 
to  sergt.,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Charles  A.  Fosbery,  mus.  Nov.  26,  1861,  30th  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years. 

Jeremiah  Foster,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  as  corp.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months, 
dis.  August  7,  1863. 

John  F.  Foster,  mus.  August  11,  1862,  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  for  three  years,  eng.:  South 
Mountain,  Antietam,  prom,  to  corp.  in  color  guard  December  n,  1862,  Mary's  Heights, 
wounded  soon  after  by  apiece  of  shell  and  lost  right  arm;  dis.  March  12,  1863,  f°r  dis- 
ability. 

William  J.  Fowler,  mus.  August  18,  1862,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  for  three  years,  trans,  to 
nth  R.,  Co.  D,  V.  R.  C.,  eng.:  Anjtietam,  While  House  Landing,  dis.  December  18, 
1864. 

William  L.  Fowler,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  100  days,  re-enl.  December 
9,  1864,  -sth  R.,  unattached,  for  one  year,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

John  Fredlie,  mus.  May  15,  i86'2,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  January  2, 
1864,  dis.  Julv  5,  1866. 

Enoell  H.  French,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  20th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Albert  Friend,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  August  7, 
1863. 

Alfred  Friend,  mus.  September  15, 1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  August  7, 
1863. 

George  F.  Friend,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  I2th  R.,  corp.  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  dis.  June 
20,  1862,  for  disability. 

George  H.  Friend,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  R.,  Unattached,  for  one  year,  dis. 
June  29,  1865. 

Hervev  Friend,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10 
1864. 

Samuel  K.  Friend,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  3d  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  for  three  years,  dis. 
September  15,  1865. 

Samuel  T.  Friend,  mus.  December  28,  1861,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  sergt., 
dis.  October  16,  1862,  for  disability. 

Sidney  Friend,  mus.  Septembe'r  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  October 
8,  1863. 


182  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Solomon  A.  Friend,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  months,  re-enl. 
December  16,  1861,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  corp.,  dis.  October  20,  1862,  for 
extreme  disability. 

George  Frost,  mus.  January  7,  1862,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years  as  sergt.,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  same  as  first,  dis.  January  20,  1865. 

Joseph  L.  FlirbUSh,  enl.  March  u,  1862,  ist  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  for  three  years,  never 
joined  the  service. 

AniOS  K.  Flowers,  mus.  November  11,  1861,  24th  R.,  Co.  H,  Mass.  Vols.,  dis.  April 
20,  1863,  re-enl.  August  13,  1864,  iSth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  July,  1865. 

Edward  E.  Gaffney,  mus.  December  i,  1861,  32  R.,  Co.  D.,  for  three  years,  re-enl. 
as  sergt.  November  29,  1862,  2d  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  promoted  to  corp.,  eng.:  Seven  days' 
fight  on  the  James,  dis.  January  17,  1863,  for  disability  and  August  9,  1865. 

Harrison  Gaffney,  mus.  October  24,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  re-enl. 
December  25,  1863,  2d  R.,  II.  A.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.,  2d  R.,  H.  A., 
January  21,  1865,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern,  dis.  March  21,  1863,  for  disability 
and  September  3,  1865. 

Henry  D.  Gaffney,  mus.  Sept.  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  October 
7,  1863. 

IgliatiUS  \V.  Gaffney,  mus.  Feb.  20,  1862,  ist  R.,  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  for  three  years,  corp. 
dis.  February  20,  1865. 

Matthew  Gaffney,  mus.  July  10,  1863,  i8th  R.,  Co.  H,  for  three  years,  wounded  in  leg 
at  Kelley's  Ford  in  1863,  eng.:  Rappahannock  Station,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  dis.  1864,  by 
reason  of  wound  from  a  shell. 

John  Gallagher,  mus.  August  u,  1863,  28th  R.,  Co.  D,  for  three  years,  died  at  An- 
dersonville,  Sept.  16,  1864. 

Thomas  Gallagher,  mus.  Feb.  5,  1864,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  dis.  Feb.  9,  1864,  rejected  re- 
cruit. 

Michael  A.  Galvin,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  months,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  wounded  in  leg,  at  Newbern,  July,  1862, 
died  in  Gloucester,  July  3,  1863. 

George  Gardner,  3d,  mus.  Sept.  15,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  dis.  Au- 
gust?, 1863. 

George  D.  Gardner,  mus.  April  13,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  G,  for  three  months,  re-enl. 
September  i,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  eng:  Roanoke  Island,  Rawle's  Mills, 
Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Drury's  Bluff,  Arrowfield  Church,  Cold  Harbor,  Peters- 
burg, dis.  Oct.  13,  1864. 

Sidney  Gardner,  mus.  Sept.  it;,  1862,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  for  nine  months,  re-enl.  July  18, 
1864,  for  one  hundred  days,  do.,  dis.  November  10,  1861. 

Robert  Ghe,  mus.  Sept.  i,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  and  re-enl.  do.,  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861,  and  December  31,  1863,  eng. :  on  gunboat  Taucer  as  gunner,  with  regt. 
at  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  South-West  Creek,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Little 
Washington,  Rainbow  Bluff,  sick  and  in  hospital  but  volunteered  to  go  to  front  at  Ber- 
muda Hundred,  Fort  Gushing,  Petersburg,  had  yellow  fever  at  Newbern,  dis.  at  hospital, 
June  20,  1865  for  disability. 

George  K.  Gilbert,  mus.  July  28,  1862,  24th  R.,  Co.  F,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 4,  1864,  as  serg.,  dis.  Jan.  20,  1866. 

James  Gilbert,  mus.  August  11,  1862,  32d  R.,Co.  H,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  January 
5,  1864. 

Frederick  Gilbert,  mus.  Nov.  15,  1861,  24th  R.,  Co.  F,  for  three  years,  eng.  :  New- 
bern, Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Kingston,  Swift,  Little  Washington,  Morris  Island,  James 
Island,  Danville  R.  R.,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Drury's  Bluff,  Petersburg  and  other  battles 
and  skirmishes,  dis.  Decembers,  1864. 

Martin  Gill,  mus.  September  5,  1862,  re-enl.  January  2,  1864. 

John  E.  Gilman,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  i, 
1861. 

Frank  G.  Godfrey,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  as  corp.  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Albert  Goodwin.  See  William. 

William  Goodwin,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  j6th  R.,  Co.  B,  wounded 
at  Cold  Harbor,  dis.  December  19,  1864,  for  disability. 

William  C.  GoodnOW,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  eng.: 
Fair  Oaks  and  Seven  Days'  battle  on  the  Peninsula. 

Frank  W.  Gott,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  too  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  183 

JsiS.  0.  do  II I  (I.  mus.  October  7,  1864,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  as  corp.  trans,  to 
signal  corps  March  12,  1864. 

Charles  II.  Gove,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 29,  1X63,  as  before,  trans,  to  Co.  A,  died  of  yellow  fever  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  Septem- 
ber 29,  1864. 

\VlIl.  A.  Gove,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Septem- 
ber 28,  1861  and  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  27d  R.,  Co.  A,  eng.:  taken  prisoner  at 
Dairy's  Bluff,  May  16,  1864  and  exchanged  after  confinement  at  Andersonville,  died  Janu- 
ary ii,  1 86?,  from  effects  of  treatment  while  prisoner. 

llartin  (irady,  mus.  July  15,  1864,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  July  16,  1865. 

Cliarlt'S  II.  Gray,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861,  for  three  years,  230!  R.,  Co.  A,  killed  at  Newbern,  March  14,  1862. 

JailU's  S.  lira)",  mus.  November  25,  1863,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  taken  pris- 
oner at  Drury's  Bluff,  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  September  22,  1864. 

Alexander  draiH.  mus.  December  13,  i86r,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
December  28,  1864. 

WestOVer  Greenleaf,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  as  sergt.  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  October  24,  1861,  for  three  years  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  as  ist  sergt.  prom,  to  2d  lieut. 
August  20,  1862,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  August  u,  1862. 

Archibald  GreeilOIIJCh,  mus.  July,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  1864 
for  three  years,  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  August 
16, 1864,  died  at  prison  hospital,  Richmond,  Va.,  March  6,  1865. 

Addisoil  Gritlill.  mus.  August  4,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  died  at  Whitehall, 
N.  C.,  December  16,  1862. 

Benjamin  II.  Griltill,  mus.  October  24,  1861,  for  three  years  as  sergt.,  23d  R.,  Co.  C. 
eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Whitehall,  Kingston,  Goldsboro,  Dvury's  Bluff,  wounded 
at  Whitehall,  taken  prisoner  at  Drury's  Bluff  and  confined  in  Libby  prison,  wounded  in 
the  head  in  Foster's  expedition  in  N.  C.,  December  1862,  died  in  prison  at  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  September  20,  1864. 

Daniel  S.  (iriflln,  mus.  July  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  iSth  R.,  Co.  H,  died  from 
starvation  and  exposure  in  Richmond  prison,  December  28,  1863,  captured  by  guerillas 
while  out  on  a  scouting  party. 

FitZ  E.  drillill.  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  II.  A.,  Co.  A,  as  artificer, 
dis.  September  19,  1864.  See  naval  record. 

James  A.  driflin.  mus.  November  20,  1861, for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 10,  1863,  for  disability. 

Thaddeiis  drillill.  mus.  June  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 3.  1863,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

Tristrain  drillill.  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.: 
Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Wilcox  Bridge,  Drury's 
Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  Southwest  Creek,  in  front  of  Petersburg,  second  attack  on  Sumter. 

Moses  II.  (lirimes,  mus.  as  wagoner,  nth  Unattached  for  three  years,  afterwards  in  3d 
H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  at  expiration  of  term  of  service. 

Lev!  S.  Groce.  alias  Grotes,  mus.  August  25,  1864,  for  19  months,  4th  H.  A.,  Co.  M. 
dis.  June  27,  1865. 

Charles  E.  Grover.   See  ante. 

Thomas  Guard  Or  Gliared,  mus.  December  20,  1864,  6th  Mass.  Bat.  L.  A.,  dis.  Aug- 
ust ~,  1865. 

Orlando  C.  Guppy,  mus.  July  5,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  I,  re-enl.  July 
5.  1861,  eng.:  Spottsylvania,  Wildnerness,  North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Charleston  City,  c. 
h.,  Appomattox,  Petersburg,  and  with  Hancock's  2d  Corps,  2d  Div.,  3d  Brig.,  dis.  July  8, 
1864. 

Eben  Guptill,  mus.  November  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  M,  dis.  in 
1862.  for  disability. 

Thomas  Hahosey,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25*h  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Charles  A.  Hall,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  three  months,  dis.  August  I, 
1861. 

Charles  W.  Hall,  mus.  January  2,  1865.  25th  Unattached,  for  one  year,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Freeman  A.  Hall,  mus.  January  13,  1863,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  D,  for  three  years, 
eng.:  Cedar  Creek,  Fisher's  Hill,  Winchester,  Five  Forks,  Hanover,  c.  h.,  sunstruck 
and  in  hospital  eight  weeks,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis.  July  20,  1865. 

George  W.  Hall,    two  years,  1861,  see  naval  record. 


184  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Nathaniel  E.  Ham  1)1  in,  mus.  November  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav., 
Co.  L.  died  August  7,  1862. 

Luther  Ham,  mus.,  January  2,  1864,  f°r  three  years,  ad  H.  A.,  Co.  I,  died  at  Ander- 
sonville,  November  2,  1864. 

James  Hammond,  (R.)  (?)  mus.  Nov.  12,  1861,  for  three  years,  4th  Bat.  Mass.  L.  A., 
re-enl.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  eng.:  Pass  Manchse,  Baton  Rouge,  Port 
Hudson,  Spanish  Fort.  Blakely,  Bon  Fouce,  Vermillionville,  dis.  October  14,  1865. 

Samuel  D.  Hanscomb,  m'us.  November  6,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  C, 
re-enl.  May  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  V.  R.  C.,  Co.  H,  dis.  November  27, 
1865. 

James  J.  Hardman,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  f°r  three  years,  1 5th  R.,  Co.  E. 

Addison  Harradeu,  mus.  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  December  31,  1862,  for 
disability. 

Elbridge  Harraden,  mus.  January  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  I,  died  at 
Portsmouth,  Va.,  February  29,  1864. 

Warren  Harringlon,  mus.  October  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
December  27,  1861,  for  disability. 

Thomas  Harris,  mus.  August  5,  1863,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  C,  trans,  to  navy 
April  2;,  1864. 

William  J.  Harris,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Stephen  H.   Hartley,  mus.  August  u,  1863,  for  three  years,  nth  R.,  Co.  B. 

Michael  F.  Hart,  mus.  July  24,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  January 
4,  1864,  dis.  August  18,  18615,  for  disability. 

Edward  Harvey,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  December 
24,  1863,  for  disability. 

John  T.  Harvey,  jr.,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,Co.  G,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 17,  1864. 

Thomas  Harvey,  jr.,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 

Abram  Haskell,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
September  18,  1865. 

Asaph  S.  Haskell,  mus.  October  i,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  Mass.,  Co.  C,  eng.: 
Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Batchelder's  Creek,  died  of  yellow  fever  at  Morehead  City, 
September  28,  1864. 

Benjamin  F.  Haskell,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
October  31,  1862,  for  disability. 

Edward  H.  Haskell,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C, 
trans,  to  signal  corps,  dis.  at  Knoxville,  October  5,  1864. 

Henry  L.  Haskell,  mus.  December  6,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
December  5,  1864. 

Howard  Haskell,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

John  J.  Haskell,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  as  before;  eng.:  Malvern  Hill,  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Blackburn's  Ford, 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Aldie,  Gettysburg,  Bristow  Station,  Rappahannock 
Station,  New  Hope  Church,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill,  Spottsylvania,  North 
Anna,  Shady  Grove,  Bethesda  Church,  Cold  Harbor,  Norfolk,  R.  R.,  Petersburg, 
Weldon  R.  R.,  Peeble's  Farm,  Hatcher's  Run,  wounded  June  3,  1864,  in  left  shoulder 
at  Cold  Harbor,  re-enl.  as  vet.  vol.,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Leonldas  Haskell,  mus.  as  major,  attached  to  staff  of  Gen.  Fremont. 

\athaniel  Haskell,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Wm.  B.  Haskell,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Moun- 
tain, wounded  at  Antietam,  sent  to  hospital  and  returned  to  duty  April  2,  1863,  Chancel- 
lorsville, Gettysburg,  prom,  to  corp.  September,  1861,  to  sergt.  April  28,  1863,  died  Sep- 
tember 1 6,  1863,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

Wm.  D.  Haskell,  2d  H.  A.,  died  at  Fort  Albany,  Va.,  January  5,  1863. 

William  G.  Haskell,  mus.  January  2,  1864,  2d  Mass.,  H.  A..  Co.  I,  eng.:  Bermuda 
Hundred,  Cold  Harbor,  Williamston,  Rainbow  Bluff,  prom,  to  sergt.  major,  to  2d  lieut. 
September  3.  1864,  dis.  June  2,  1865. 

Wm.  H.  Haskell,  mus.  November  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  May 
28,  1863,  for  disability. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  185 

Wm.  P.  Haskell. 

Chas.  G.  Hathorn,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  clis.  Decem- 
ber 17,  1864. 

Luther  Hayden,  mus.  September  19,  1862,  for  nine  months,  48th  R.,  Co.  F.,  re-enl. 
October  26,  1864,  eng.:  Tort  Hudson,  Plain's  Store,  La.,  dis.  June  13,  1865. 

William  Hayden,  mus.  August  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Qth  R.,  Co.  D,  taken  prison- 
er, died  I  )ecember  4,  1864. 

Ellas  W.  Hayes,  mus.  November  3,  1862,  ist  lieut.  ist  Bat.  Mass.  H.  A.,  for  three 
years,  resigned  February  13,  1863. 

Wm.  C.  Hawkes,  mus.  December  13,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  Decem- 
ber 26,  1862,  for  disability. 
Edwin  Hazel.  See  ante. 

Francis  Hild  OP  llcald,  mus.  August  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  F,  re-enl. 
December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  as  corp.  ;6th  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  December  19,  1862,  for 
disability,  wounded  May,  1864,  dis.  July  12,  1865,  wounded  in  battle  of  Wilderness. 

HerriCk  lllne,  mus.  August  8,  1863,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  F. 

Alplionso  W.  HeiTick,  mus.  January  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  3<Dth  R.,  Co.  K,  died 
July  28,  1862. 

Joseph  F.  HerriCk,  mus.  December  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  i2th  Mass.  Bat.  L.  I., 
died  at  Port  Hudson,  La.,  November  3,  1864,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

MOPtOII  HerriCk,  mus.  July  30,  .1862,    ist  H.  A.,  unass. 

Henry  Iliatt.  mus.  August  12,  1862,  for  three  years,  i;th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  February  26, 
1863,  for  disability. 

James  Hicks,  mus.  February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  dis.  January 
10,  1865,  for  disability. 

Thomas  R.  Hicks,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  12th  R.,  Co.  K,  trans,  to  invalid 
corps. 

James  Hicklift'e,  mus.  December  8,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  October 
13,  1864. 

Ednilllid  P.  Hinckley,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  7,  1864,  for  100  days,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis.  November  10,  1864,  died  of  con- 
sumption contracted  in  service. 

John   Hlllkley,  mus.  December  18,  1862,  for  nine  months,  48th  R.,  Co.  D. 

John  Hinscll,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  November 
15,  1861,  as  ist  sergt.,  for  three  years,  32  R.,  Co.  D,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.  and  to  ist  lieut., 
wounded  slightly  May  6,  1864,  acting  regt.  quarter-master  1864,  dis.  December  5, 
1864. 

Charles  Hoar,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  D. 

Daniel  G.  Hodgkins,  mus.  July  8,  1864,  for  one  hundred  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
November  10,  1864. 

Edward  T.  Hodgkins,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Edwin  W.  Hodgkins,  mus.  August  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  eng.: 
Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Hickman's  Road,  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  siege  of 
Petersburg,  Arrowfield  Church,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Emery  Hodgkins,  mus.  April  19,  iS6i,for  three  years,  2gth  R.,  Co.  B,  re-enl.  January 
I,  1864,  as  a  vet.  vol.,  wounded  1864,  dis.  July  21,  1865. 

FitZ  Hodgkins,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  with  Army 
of  the  Potomac  in  July,  1863,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Frederick  T.  Hodgkins,  mus.  December  7,  1863,  as  corp.,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass. 
Bat.,  clis.  August  u,  1865. 

Isaac  Hodgkins,  mus.  February  20,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  F,  dis.  June  10, 
1865,  for  disability,  severely  wounded  at  the  Wilderness,  May  12,  1864,  was  a  prisoner  for 
three  days. 

John  P.  Hodgkins,  mus.  December  7,  1863,  as  corp.,  2d  R.,  L.  A.,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 26,  1864,  prom,  to  sergt.  February  21,  1865,  dis.  August  11,  1865,  eng.:  Red  River, 
Mobile,  Fort  Spanish,  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  Pleasant  Hill,  Blakely,  Pine  Bluff,  Little 
Scamber  River  and  sundry  skirmishes. 

Joseph  Hodgkins,  mus.  January  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  of  musicians,  Co. 
K,  re-enl.  January  2,  1864,  do.,  dis.  January  20,  1865. 

Joseph  E.  Hodgkins,  mus.  December  31,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K.,  died 
of  intermittent  fever.  July  19,  1862,  opposite  Vicksburg. 

Luther  1).  Hodgkins,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G.  dis.  Novem- 
ber 10,  1864. 


186  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Morris  Hodgkins,  jr.,  mus.  December  7,  1863,  Mass.  L.  A.,  2d  Bat.,  eng.:  Sabine 
Cross  Roads,  Little  Escamby,  Blakely,  Montgomery  Hill,  Gould's  Bluff,  Carnby,  prom,  to 
Corp.,  dis.  August  n,  1865. 

Samuel  P.  Hodgkins,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
December  7,  1863,  for  disability. 

Timothy  Hodgkins,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  May  19, 

1862,  for  disability. 

Walter  Holden,  mus.  October  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  trans,  to 
V.  R.  C.,  June  n,  1864. 

John  Holland,  mus.  August  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  gth  R.,  unass. 

Edward  H.  Holley,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  Corp.,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K, 
dis.  March  10,  1863. 

John  H.  Holmes,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

DenniSOn  Hooper,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  F;  eng.: 
Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Jackson,  Campbell  Station,  siege  of  Knoxville,  Spottsylvania, 
North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Weldon  R.  R.,  So.  Mountain,  Vicksburg,  Poplar  Spring 
Church,  Thatcher's  Run,  Fort  Sedgwick,  Fort  Mahone  and  Petersburg;  was  the  first 
Union  man  who  entered  Jackson,  Miss. 

George  R.  Hooper,  mus.  June  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  So.  Moun- 
tain, Antietam;  lost  right  arm  at  Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1862,  dis.  January  31, 

1863,  for  disability. 

Charles  E.  Horton,  mus.  January  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  died  at 
New  Orleans,  November  n,  1862. 

WinslOW  T.  HortOn,  mus.  April  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  5gth  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  July  30, 
1865. 

Henry  Houston,  mus.  February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  re-enl.  as 
veteran  volunteer,  February  22,  1864,  dis.  August  16,  1865. 

GrCO.  R.  Howard,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1863. 

Augustus  M.  Howe,  jr.,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis. 
August  i,  i86r. 

William  H.  HOW'e,  mus.  May  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  2gth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  eng.:  Hampton,  Va.,  Warwick  Road,  Gaines'  Mills,  Savage  Station, 
Peach  Orchard,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Glendale,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  South 
Mountain,  Antietam,  Snicker's  Gap,  Jackson,  Miss.,  Blue  Springs,  Hough's  Ferry, 
Campbell  Station.  Fort  Saunders,  Strawberry  Plain,  Tolopotomy  Creek,  Shady  Grove, 
Bethesda  Church,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Crater,  Weldon  R.  R.,  Hawkes'  Farm, 
Hatcher's  Run,  Fort  Stedman.  Fall  of  Petersburg,  sieges  of  Richmond,  Fredericksburg, 
Petersburg,  Vicksburg,  Knoxville,  prom,  to  ist  lieut.  May  i,  1865,  dis.  July  29,  1865, 
wounded  at  Newport  News,  May,  1861,  at  Fredericksburg,  May,  1864  and  at  Petersburg, 
June  17,  1864. 

ErastllS  Howes,  mus.  October  19,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 4,  1864,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  on  secret  expedition  to  Columbia,  N.  C.,  March  8, 
1862.  Newbern,  Trinter's  Creek,  Rawle's  Mills,  on  detailed  service  at  Newbern,  Decem- 
ber i,  1862.  to  June  20,  1863,  battles  of  James  Island,  S.  C.,  July  16,  1863,  in  the  charge 
on  rifle  pits  of  Fort  Wagner,  Morris  Island,  August  18,  1863,  Bermuda  Hundred,  May 
6,  1864,  Petersburg,  R.  R.,  May  13,  1864,  wounded  while  charging  a  rebel  battery  and 
sent  to  hospital  at  Point  Lookout,  Md.,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  April  13,  1865,  ordered  to 
Washington  for  duty  at  capitol  prison  and  was  present  at  the  hanging  of  H.  Wirtz,  the 
infamous  keeper  of  the  prison  pen  at  Andersonville,  dis.  April  13.  1865. 

Isaac  L.  Hllbbard,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  f°r  i°°  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

Bernard  F.  Hunt,  mus.  December  4,  1862,  I2th   Mass.  L.  A.  Bat.,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

William  H.  Hurbon,  aged  19,  in  1864,  killed  in  the  battle  of  Weldon  R.  R.,  August, 
1864. 

Frederick  HutchingS,  mus.  May  27,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to 
Corp.,  re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  same  Co.  for  three  years,  as  sergt,  eng.:  Grainsville,  Sec- 
ond Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg.  Rap- 
pahannock Station,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy, 
Bethesda  Church,  Petersburg,  Weldon  R.  R.,  Vaughan  Road,  Dabney's  Mills,  was 
wounded  in  left  side  of  neck  at  Dabney's  Mills,  February,  1865,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  187 

Geo.  W.  HlltchlngS,  mus.  January  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  died  of  in- 
termittent fever  opposite  Vicksburg,  July  24,  1862. 

Sidney  Hatchings,  mus.  October  8,  1861,  for  three  years,  5th  Maine,  Co.  C,  eng.: 
Second  day  on  the  Peninsula,  Ya.,  Fredericksburg,  Second  Bull  Run,  Chancellorsville, 
West  Point,  Va.,  Rappahannock  Station,  Wilderness,  near  Spottsylvania  Court  House, 
South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  wounded  in  knee  near  Spottsylvania,  May  10, 
1864,  leg  amputated  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  May  18,  1864,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.  Co.  G,  dis. 
July  27,  1864,  for  disability. 

William  V.  Miltcliillirs,  enl.  September  2,  1861,  as  quartermaster,  ranking  as  ist 
lieut.,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  James  Island, 
Morris  Island,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Drury's  Bluff,  Petersburg,  Fort  Harrison,  entered 
Richmond,  April  3,  1865,  prom,  to  capt.  and  assistant  quartermaster,  U.  S.  Vols.,  Nov- 
ember 26,  1862,  to  lieut-col.  and  chief  quartermaster,  dis.  May  29,  1865. 

JnilU'S  Illltrllill^s,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Peter  Incas,  59th  R. 

Albert  Illgersoll,  mus.  February  9,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  D,  in  seven 
engagements,  dis.  November  n,  1864,  for  disability. 

AmOS  M.  Illjyersoll,  mus.  June  26,  i86r,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  So.  Moun- 
tain, fatally  wounded  at  Antietam  and  died  next  day,  September  18,  1862. 

Benjamin  A.  Injfersoll,  (?)   ist  R.,  died  at  Camp  Miller,  Ga.,  October  19,  1864. 

Herbert  D.  Ilisersoll,  mus.  October  9,  1862,  for  nine  months,  47th  R.,  Co.  F,  re-enl. 
February  9,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  D,  eng.:  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania, 
Cold  Harbor,  Bethesda  Church,  North  Anna,  Petersburg,  wounded  in  latter  battle,  prom, 
to  sergt.,  dis.  March  31,  1865,  for  disability. 

Jollll  H.  Ilisersoil,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
December  31,  1863,  was  in  21  engagements,  dis.  July  24,  1865. 

Joshua  Injjersoll,  mus.  August  i,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  3.  1863,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

William  Ircarlett,  28th  R. 

Alfred  Ireland,  mus.  July  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  Mass.,  Co.  F,  appointed 
color  corp..  prom,  to  sergt.  February,  1863,  wounded  in  left  arm  at  battle  of  North  Anna 
river,  May  24,  1864,  taken  prisoner  in  the  fight  at  Poplar  Spring  Church,  -September  30, 
1864,  confined  in  prison  at  Salisbury,  N.  C.,  paroled  in  March,  1865,  commissioned  2d 
lieut.  Augusts,  1864,  dis.  June  13,  1865,  from  hospital. 

George  C.  Irish,  mus.  December  2,  1863,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,Co.  B. 

James  A.  Jackson,  mus.  July  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  E,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

John  Jeffry,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  Corp.,  dis.  at 
Vicksburg,  July  17,  1862. 

Robert  Jeffrey,  mus.  January  10.  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl. 
January  i,  1864,  eng.:  Port  Hudson,  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill  and  Cedar  Creek,  prom, 
to  Corp.,  January  20,  1865. 

James  F.  Jeffs,  see  naval  record. 

William  H.  Jeffs,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  re-enl.  December  26,  1863,  eng.:  Wilder- 
ness. Mine  Run,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  prom,  to  sergt. 
dis.  July  12,  1865. 

Maverick  M.  Janiicson.  mus.  June*  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i.  1861. 

Fred  Johnson,  mus.  November  28,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Mass.  L.  A.,  dis.  July 
25.  1865. 

John  W.  Johnson,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 

Walter  Johnson,  mus.  November  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
February  27,  1864,  killed  in  battle  at  Shady  Grove,  Va.,  May  30,  1864. 

William  Johnson,  mus.  March  24,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  trans,  to 
V.  R.  C.,  September  30,  1863. 

William  Johnson,  mus.  November  12,  1862,  for  nine  months,  48th  R.,  Co.  F. 

Charles  B.  Jones,  mus.  September  5,  1862,  for  nine  months,  Sth  R.,  Co.  G,  on  gun- 
boat Dragon,  in  January,  1863,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Charles  E.  Jones,  mus.  August  7,  1863,  corp.,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  G,  killed 
May,  1864. 


188  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

George  B.  Jones,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  corp.,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B, 
dis.  July  6,  1865,  wounded  at  Spottsylvania. 

Henrj"  Jones,  mus.  September  29,  1862,  for  nine  months,  5oth  Mass.,  Co.  H,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  for  three  years,  loth  Mass.  L.  A.,  dis.  June  9,  1865. 

John  H.  Jones,  mus.  August  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  September 
1 8,  1865. 

Samuel  Jones,  mus.  May  i,  1861,  for  three  months,  5th  R.,  Co.  H.,  dis.  July  31, 
1861. 

William  H.Jordan,  mus  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  1 8,  1864,  for  100  days,  as  corp.,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

James  Jordan,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  July  12, 
1864. 

John  L.  Keating,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years.  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded 
August  26.  1862,  dis.  February  13,  1863,  for  disability. 

David  K.  Kemp,  for  five  years,  U.  S.  A.,  dis.  January,  1863. 

John  J.  Kendall,  mus.  July  21,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl.  January  5, 
1864,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  as  vet.  vol.,  wounded  at  Spottsylvania  in  1864,  dis. 
June  29,  1865. 

ElbridgC  Keiiney,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863,  also  served  in  2d  Mass.  H.  A. 

James  Kenney,  mus.  January  3,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded  in 
battle  of  Cedar  Run,  October  19,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1865. 

John  Keiiney,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  as  sergt.,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  taken  prisoner 
and  paroled,  dis.  March  8,  1863. 

Joseph  W.  Kimball,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  i;th  R.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Kings- 
ton, Whitehall,  Blount's  Mills,  Goldsboro,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis.  at  Lynnfield,  August  3, 
1864. 

Duncan  King,  mus.  January  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  Novem- 
ber 4,  1862,  at  Carleton,  La. 

Charles  Knight,  mus.  July  21,  1862,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  unexpired  term  of  regiment, 
eng.:  in  all  the  battles  in  which  regiment  took  part  from  July,  1862,  to  its  discharge,  dis. 
October  13,  1864. 

Edward  Knights,  enl.  April  30,  1861,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  November  22,  1861, 
re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  as  sergt.,  wounded  at  Fredericksburg  in  right  hand,  at  Bethesda 
Church  in  left  leg  slightly,  at  Cold  Harbor  in  right  breast,  severely,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Ellas  D.  Knights,  jr.,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

George  \V.  Knight,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C, 
detailed  on  gunboat  at  Newbern,  1861,  died  at  Newbern  of  pleurisy,  April  15,  1862. 

Fred  P.  KnOWles,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis. 
July  12,  1865. 

Albion  KnOWltOn,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  trans,  to 
navy,  August  15.  1864. 

John  B.  Knowlton,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 

WendOn  Rook,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  unass. 

Fred.  Konard,  mus.  August  15,  1863,  for  three  years,  i6th  R.,  Co.  H. 

James  H.  Lambert,  mus.  August  29,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  S,  1863. 

Samuel  Lamson,  drowned  in  Mississippi  river  in  1863. 

William  D.  Lander,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  So.  Moun- 
tain, Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  dis.  May  i,  1863,  for  disability. 

Abraham  0.  Lane,  mus.  August  27,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  dis.  Sep- 
tember 18,  1865. 

Albert  Lane,  mus.  January  13,  1863,  corp.,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  D,  dis. 
December  20,  1865. 

Henry  Albert  Lane,  mus.  January  13,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.,  Co.  D,  eng.: 
Opequam,  Winchester,  Five  Forks,  Dinwiddie,  c.  h.,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis.  July  20, 
1865. 

Charles  F.  Lane,  mus.  December  2,  1861,  eng.:  at  Fredericksburg,  wounded  severely 
in  left  groin,  trans,  to  V.  R.C.,  2ist  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  December  2,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  189 

David  Line,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  K.,  Co.  B,  dis.  July  12, 
1865. 

Edward  II.  Liine,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  izth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Kappahannock  Station,  2d  Bull  Run,  So.  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericks- 
burg,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Chantilly,  wounded  at  Fredericksburg  by  gunshot,  breaking 
both  bones  of  right  leg,  trans.  November  15,  1863,  to  V.  K.  C.,  20  Hat.,  dis.  June  27, 
1864. 

Edwin  L.  Lane,  mus.  September  15,  1864,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1865. 

Frederick  T.  Lane,  mus.  August  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  1),  as  corp. 
trans,  to  35th  R.,  Co.  D,  August  r6,  1862,  wounded  at  Antietam,  prom,  to  sergt.  August 

16,  1863,  detailed  as  ordnance  sergt.  in  1865,  dis.  June  9,  1865. 

Weorge  A.  Lane,  mus.  July  22,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  in  ten  engage- 
ments, dis.  October  13,  1864. 

George  W.  Lane,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.   December   28,  1864. 
Irvln  Lane,  mus.  February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist    H.  A.,  Co.  L,  re-enl.  March 

17,  1864,  dis.  August  16,  1865. 

John  Lane,  mus.  November  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  eng.:  Roanoke 
Island,  Newbern,  died  at  Newbern,  January  17,  1863. 

Levl  Lane,  mus.  October  24,  1862,  for  nine  months,  47th  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  September  i, 
1863. 

\\  illiaill  H.  Lane,  mus.  May  23,  i86r,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  H,  eng.:  First  Bull 
Run,  slightly  wounded  at  Yorktown,  May,  1862,  also  wounded  second  time,  dis.  October 
20,  1862,  for  disability. 

Charles  Lang,  mus.  November  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  wounded  in 
groin  at  Fredericksburg,  December  1802,  died  January  17,  1863. 

Charles  Lang,  mus.  July  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  A,  wounded  at  Shep- 
ardstown,  dis.  November  23,  1863,  for  disability. 

Thomas  Lang,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  F,  wounded  in  leg, 
which  was  amputated,  died  from  its  effects.  His  father,  Charles,  was  also  in  the  service. 

Thomas  W.  Lang  Or  LOIlg,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B. 
wounded  and  discharged  July  12,  1865. 

Abner  Larrabee,  mus.  November  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  trans,  to  navy,  May  3,  1864,  dis.  August  4,  1865. 

Alphonso  M.  Laroque,  mus.  July  21,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  2,  1863,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C  ,  December  23,  1864,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

William  A.  Lavender,  mus.  October  17,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  sergt.  i2th  L.  A. 
Hat.,  dis.  August  n,  1863,  for  disability. 

Alfred  Lawson,  mus.  September  15,  1864,  28th  Mich.,  Co.  K,  dis.  June  9,  1866. 

dlinliat/j  Legat,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  32dR.,  Co.  E,  killed  at 
Hethesda  Church,  June  3,  1864. 

Kondflerre  Lelon,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  E,  dis.  June 
29,  1865. 

Will.  H.  Leonard,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Wm.  Leslie,  mus.  July  5,  i86i,for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  August  20, 
1864,  for  one  year,  4th  H.  A.,  Co.  F,  dis.  June  17,  1865. 

George  W.  Lewis,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  taken  prisoner  August  30,  1862,  sent  to  parole  camp, 
returned  to  duty  January  20,  1863,  dis.  for  disability,  December  28,  1863,  from  convales- 
cent's camp,  died  January  22,  1864. 

Robert  Lewis,  mus.  December  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Bat.,  L.  A.,  died  at  New 
Orleans,  October  29,  1863. 

Robert  Lewis,  mus.  September  5.  1864,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

Adolph  F.  Lindberg,  mus.  April  30;  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  as  corp. 
prom,  to  sergt.,  dis.  August  i,  1861. 

Samuel  Lindberg,  enl.  May  24,  1864,  mus.  on  board  U.  S.  ship  "Ossipee,"  dis. 
December  16,  1864. 

George  Lisk,  jr.,  mus.  August  19.  1862,  for  three  years,  35  R.,  Co.  F.  wounded  in 
right  hand  at  Gettysburg,  dis.  at  close  of  war,  trans.  May  21,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Charles  Littlefield,  mus.  August  25,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  unass. 

Francis  Locke,  jr.,  mus.  Aug.  18,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  9,  1864,  commissary  sergt.  of  regiment,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 


190  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

John  L.  Logan,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  So.  Moun- 
tain, Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg,  appointed  clerk  at 
Division  headquarters  July  28,  1863,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 

Charles  Lang  or  Long,  i;th  R. 

Jacob  8.  Lord,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  as  musician  in  Band,  for  32  months,  2d  R.,  re-enl. 
October  26,  1864,  for  three  years,  eng.:  Winchester,  Bank's  Retreat,  Cedar  Mountain, 
Pope's  Retreat,  2d  Bull  Run,  and  Sherman's  Georgia,  North  and  South  Carolina  cam- 
paigns, dis.  June  13,  1865. 

Joshua  Loring,  mus.  August  14,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  D,  dis.  January 
15,  1865,  for  disability. 

James  W.  LOVCJOy,  mus.  June  18,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

DaTid  W.  LOW,  see  ante. 

George  S.  LOW,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  eng.:  Antie- 
tam, was  sick  at  Fredericksburg  with  typhoid  fever,  and  from  neglect  both  legs  had  to  be 
amputated,  dis.  May  2,  1863,  for  disability,  died  August  5,  1867. 

(iorham  P.  LOW,  jr.,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

David  B.  LOW,  mus.  February  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  trans,  to  Co. 
C,  July  n,  1865. 

David  P.  LOW,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G. 

Frederick  A.  B.  LOW,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  So. 
Mountain,  Antietam,  sent  to  hospital  December  15,  1862,  dis.  March  16,  1863,  for  dis- 
ability. 

Andrew  M.  Lucas,  mus.  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  H,  died  at  Hamilton  Head,  N. 
C.,  May  27,  1863,  of  typhoid  fever. 

Charles  W.  Lucas,  mus.  October  3,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 4,  1864,  wounded  and  in  hospital  a  year,  from  which  contracted  permanent  erysipe- 
las, troubling  him  until  his  death,  dis.  January  9,  1865,  for  disability. 

Peter  Lucas,  mus.  March  12,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  H,  died  at  City 
Point,  Va.,  December  2,  1864. 

Alfred  Lufkin,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  f°r  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Sep- 
tember 1 8,  1865. 

David  Lufkin,  mus.  January  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  August 
12,  1862,  at  New  Orleans. 

Otis  Lufkin,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar  Moun- 
tain, Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Chantilly,  So.  Mountain,  Fredericks- 
burg,  Gettysburg,  sick  in  hospital,  October  16,  1863,  died  Februarys,  1864,  from  chronic 
diarrhoea. 

Francis  H.  Lufkin,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  unass.,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Henry  Lufkin,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  f°r  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Monoxy, 
Fort  Stevens,  dis.  September  18,  1865. 

William  Lufkin,  mus.  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  July  20,  1862,  opposite 
Vicksburg. 

William  D.  Lufkin,  mus.  July  15,  1864,  acted  as  quartermaster's  clerk,  dis.  October 
27,  1864. 

William  Lull,  mus.  January  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  I,  died  at  Ander- 
sonville,  Ga.,  August  22,  1864. 

William  Lunt,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

Daniel  H.  Lurvey,  mus.  October  26,  1861,  -for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  died  at 
Newbern,  N.  C.,  May  2,  1862,  of  typhoid  fever. 

Joseph  Lurvey,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  July 
12.1865. 

Daniel  Lynch,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Woodbury  Mace,  mus.  September  28,  1862,  for  three  years,  i3th  N.  H.  R.,  Co.  K, 
eng.:  Petersburg,  prom,  to  Corp.,  dis.  December  14,  1864. 

John  Mackie,  I2th  Maine,  Co.  I. 

John  Mandults,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  died 
November  19,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  191 

John  Manxail  or  Mardon,  mus.  December  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  sergt.  i2th  Hat., 
L.  A.,  clis.  July  25,  1865. 

Maullnc  Mansfield,  3d  Cav. 

Benjamin  M.  Marrhailt.  mus.  August  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  D,  prom, 
to  corp.,  July  15,  1862,  to  sergt.  April  i,  1864,  dis.  June  9,  1865. 

Jabe%  Man  haul,  jr.,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  prom,  to  Corp.,  dis. 
September  18,  1865. 

James  K.  Man-haul,  jr.,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

James  W.  Merchant,  mus.  December  30.  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  Unattached, 
H.  A.,  eng.:  Siege  of  Charleston,  dis.  August  15,  1864,  see  naval  record". 

John  Man-haul,  mus.  January  ro,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  eng.: 
Capture  of  Charleston,  trans,  to  navy  August  5,  1864,  dis.  August  5,  1865. 

Calvin  Marshall,  mus.  July  30,  1862,  for  three  years,  i;th  K.,  Co.  G,  corp.,  dis. 
August  3,  1864. 

Charles  W.  Marshall,  mus.  February  9,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  D,  trans. 
June  i,  1865,  to  57th  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

Francis  A.  Marshall,  for  three  years,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Battle  of  Baton  Rouge, 
died  February  28,  1867,  at  New  Orleans. 

George  J.  Marshall,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  also 
served  in  2d  Mass.  H.  A.,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

William  A.  Marshall,  mus.  April  30,  i86r,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to 
sergt.,  dis.  August  i,  1861. 

Sydney  Marshall,  mus.  November  6,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co,  re-enl.  March 
29,  1864,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  served  on  gunboat  "Lancer,"  at  Newbern,  in 

1861,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

William  Marston,  mus.  July  31,  1862,  dis.  August  3, 1864. 

William  H.  Marston,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  19,  1864,  corp.,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

John  W.  Martin,  mus.  November  26,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Mass.  L.  A.,  prom, 
to  corp.,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

Owen  Martin,  army,  died  in  hospital  at  Tennessee,  June  7,  1865. 

Charles  Mason,  mus.  Nov.  21,  1864,  for  three  years,  54th  unass. 

Joseph  H.  Mason,  mus.  September  26,  1866,  for  nine  months,  45th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis. 
Julv  7,  1863. 

Thomas  MatChCtt,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember 28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  served  on  gunboat  Lancer  at  Newbern, 
in  1861,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

John  Matthews,  mus.  December  2,  1862,  i2th  Bat.  L.  A.,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

Win.  J.  McAndrCWS,  mus.  October  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  detailed  on  gunboat  "Lancer"  in  1861, 
dis.  June  25,  1865. 

Daniel  McAllley,  mus.  November  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  killed 
May,  1863,  at  Bayou  Jack,  La. 

Joel  McCaleb,  mus.  November   25,  1861,  for   three   years,  3d    Mass.  Cav.,  dis.  June, 

1862,  for  disability,  re-enl.  February  8,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Mass.  Cav. 

John  McCartney,  mus.  October  28,  1861,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  for  three  years,  committed 
suicide,  April  16,  1862,  at  Newbern. 

William  McCarty,  rnus.  January  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl.  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1864,  dis.  December  19,  1865,  for  disability. 

Daniel  McCauley,  3d  L.  A.,  Co.  C,  horse  shot  from  under  him  at  Port  Hudson, 
while  in  search  of  another  horse  was  struck  by  a  ball  and  killed. 

John  McCauley,  mus.  October   29,  1862,  1 2th  Bat.  L.  A.,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

John  McClOUd,  mus  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1863. 

Win.  McCormack,  mus.  January  13.  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded 
severely  at  Bayou  La  Fouche,  La.,  July  14,  1863,  Donaldsonsville.  dis.  October  14,  1863, 
for  disability. 

Alexander  McClirdy,  mus.  March  2,  1864,  as  sergt.  for  three  years,  37th  Wis.  Co.  K, 
dis.  July  24,  1865. 

Allen  McDonald,  mus.  December  22,  1862,  as  sergt.  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  Cav., 
Co.  D,  dis.  January  8,  1865,  for  disability. 


192  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

George  McDonald,  mus.  June  13,  1861,  as  sergt.  for  three  years,  nth  R.,  Co.  B, 
missing  in  action  May  5,  1864. 

Roderick  McDonald,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for   three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B. 

Thomas  A.  McDonald,  mus.  December  22,  1863,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  dis.  June  12,  1865, 
for  disability. 

Edward  ,1.  McEmmons,  mus.  October  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  in  14 
engagements,  including  siege  of  Morris  Island  and  Sumter,  dis.  October  23,  1864. 

Leander  McFarland,  mus.  July  16,  1864,  dis.  November  10,  [864. 

AngUS  McGilvery,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1865,  for  disability,  wounded  in  shoulder  at  Cold  Harbor,  May  31,  1864. 

Jeremiah  McGlinch,  Co.  B,  nth  Maine. 

Thomas  McCrOWn,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three   years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  No- 
vember 9,  1 865. 
Archibald  Mclnnis,  i6th  R. 

Daniel  Mclnnis,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  i5th  R.,  Co.  F,  trans,  to  2oth 
Mass.,  dis.  July  16,  1865. 

Sylvester  Mdntire,  mus.  January  7,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  same  company  and  term,  wounded  in  battle  of  Cedar  Run,  October  19, 
1864,  died  of  wounds  October  29,  1864. 

James  Jf.  MdntOSh,  mus.  August  1 1,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  dis.  Octo- 
ber 13,  1862,  for  disability,  re-enl.  in  V.  R.  C. 

James  McKay,  mus.  January  5,  1864,  for  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  B. 

John  W.  McKay,  mus.  November  19,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R,  Co.  E,  dis.  Aug- 
ust 7,  1863. 

George  W.  McKeen,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  killed 
at  Petersburg,  Va.,  September  17,  1864. 

Robert  A.  McKinnon,  mus.  November  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D, 
re-enl.  January  4,  1864,  f°r  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  as  veteran  volunteer, 
wounded  in  the  hand  at  Fredericksburg  in  December,  1862,  'wounded  severely  June  3, 
1864,  at  Bethesda  Church,  wounded  in  hip  at  Spottsylvania,  dis.  May  3,  1865. 

Osias  S.  McKenny,  mus.  January  15,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died 
August  2,  1862,  at  Baton  Rouge. 

George  B.  McKenzle,  mus.  November  21,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  re-enl. 
December  3,  1864,  for  three  years,  same  company,  died  at  Andersonville,  Ga.,  August 
21,  1864. 

William  A.  McKlnney,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

Cyrus  McKown,  mus.  October  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 4,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

Daniel  McLean,  mus.  January  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R..  Co.  K,  orderly  in 
June,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1865. 

Jesse  MdOUd,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  January  5, 
1864,  dis.  July  27.  1865,  eng.:  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Tarboro,  Bachelder's 
Greek,  Newbern,  Wise's  Forks,  Blount's  Mills,  Weldon  R.  R.,  Winton,  Little  Washing- 
ton, and  others  in  North  Carolina. 

Edward  McQllinn,  mus.  November  15/1861,  corp.,  re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  as  Corp., 
was  in  31  engagements,  dis.  April  11,  1865,  for  disability,  caused  by  loss  of  left  arm, 
wounded  in  left  knee  and  right  leg  below  the  knee  at  People's  Farm,  Va.,  September  30, 
1864. 

W.  R.  G.  Mellen,  commissioned  as  chaplain,  October  2,  1861,  for  the  war  or  resigna- 
tion, eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Kingston,  Goldsboro  Bridge  and  several  skirmishes, 
resigned  January  10,  1863. 

Edwin  Merchant,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Baton 
Rouge,  dis.  August  22,  1863,  for  disability. 

John  H.  Merchant,  mus.  August  20,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  9,  1864,  for  roo  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Newbern,  Fort  Totten,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

Frank  H.  Merrill,    mus.  December  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  unass. 

Octavius  A.  Merrill,  mus.  December  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
December  12,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  prom,  to  hospital  steward,  to 
sergt. -major  February  6,  1864,  2d  lieut.  September  u,  1864,  resigned  January  25,  1865, 
dis.  February  18,  1865,  because  of  chronic  diarrhoea  contracted. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  193 

Joseph  S.  MCSS,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  musician,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Hand,  di.s. 
September  8,  1862. 

Samuel  W.  Mess,  Jr.,  mus.  July  8,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  K.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Kappahannock  Station,  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  parole  camp,  dis.  March  23, 
1863,  for  disability. 

John  Messenger,  probably  William,  >'<i  Mass. 

William  Messenger,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  K.,  Co.  H,  re-enl. 
February  27,  1864,  as  corp.,  wounded  in  hand  May  30,  icS64,  dis.  June  16,  1865. 

Arthur  (J.  Milled,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  for 
three  years,  2^d  R.,  Co.  C,  was  in  all  engagements  of  the  23d  R.,  until  the  loss  of  right 
arm,  March  16,  1862,  prom,  to  sergt.  September  i,  1861,  lost  arm  at  Newbern,  dis. 
April  23,  1863,  attached  to  pioneer  corps  about  the  middle  of  December,  1861. 

William  L.  Mlllett,  mus.  November  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  musi- 
cian, re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  taken  prisoner  in  battle  of 
Wilderness,  subsequently  released  and  detailed  for  six  months  as  nurse,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Benjamin  F.  Milliard,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  January  25,  1864,  for 
three  years,  59th  R.,  eng.:  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  and  the  explosion  of 
mine  at  Petersburg,  wounded  in  abdomen  at  Petersburg,  commissioned  ist  lieut.  59th 
Mass.  Vols.  January  25,  1864,  dis.  December  8,  1864,  for  disability. 

Bernard  MolinO,  mus.  for  three  years,  29th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  March  11,  1863,  for  dis- 
ability. 

William  H.  Moody,  mus.  March  i,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
November  10,  1865. 

Joseph  A.  Moore.  See  ante. 
BenJ.  F.  Morey.  See  ante. 

James  M.  Morey,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly  and  South  Mountain,  prom,  to 
corp,  September,  1862,  killed  in  battle  of  Antietam,  September  17,  1862. 

Sherburne  F.  Morey,  jr.,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  re- 
enl.  October  i,  1864,  i3th  V.  R.  C.,  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station, 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  taken  prisoner  in  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  paroled  and  re- 
joined, regiment  December  31,  1862,  wounded  by  a  minie  ball  which  penetrated  near  the 
heart  and  was  not  extracted,  dis.  November  30,  1865. 

William  Morey,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  on  gun- 
boat Lancer,  at  Newbern,  in  1861,  killed  March  14,  1862,  in  battle  of  Newbern,  N.  C. 

Albert  Morgan,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Septem- 
ber 18,  1865. 

George  Morgan,  mus.  October  30,  1863,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  September  18,  1865. 

Joseph  J.  E.  Morgan,  Co.  I,    35th   Zouave,    N.  Y.,  prom,  to  ist  sergt.  Washington. 
Bat.  4th  U.  S.  Art'y,   severely   wounded    at   Antietam,  September  17,  1862,  remained  on 
field  three  days  and  nights  before  being  taken  in  charge,  died  October  8,  1862. 

James    Morris,  mus.  July  5,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist    H.  A.,  Co.  D,  dis.    January  8, 

1863,  for  disability. 

James  Morrissey,  mus.  January  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  contracted 
malarial  fever  before  Vicksburg,  dis.  February  5,  1863,  for  disability,  died  of  consump- 
tion, July  i,  1869. 

Charles  F.  Morse,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
November  19,  1862,  for  disability,  died  November  22,  1862. 

Charles  Morton,  mus.  August  n,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  F. 

Frederick  Morton,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  killed 
in  battle  of  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864. 

Mansfield  A.  Mouline,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co. 
M,  dis.  September  16,  1862,  for  disability. 

Samuel  Monser,  mus.  March  i,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  K. 

Henry  Munsey,  mus.  July  18,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl.  January  4, 

1864,  died  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  April  11,  1864. 

Edward  Murphy,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Moun- 
tain, Antietam,  severely  wounded  at  Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1862,  arm  amputated, 
died  January  13,  1863,  °f  wounds  received. 

James  Murphy,  mus.  August  7,  1863,  for  three  years,  2othR.,  Co.  F,  trans,  to  navy 
April  23,  1864 


194  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

John  Murphy,  mus.  November  24,  1861,  for  three  years,  326  R.,  Co.  I),  at  the  age 
of  18,  served  in  all  the  engagements  in  which  the  regiment  participated  until  the  latter  part 
of  1863,  when  he  was  discharged,  having  contracted  fever,  returning  home  ^he  shipped  on 
a  fishing  trip  and  was  lost  at  sea. 

John  J.  Mlirph}',  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  prom,  to 
ist  lieut.,  killed  at  Bethesda  Church  June  3,  1864. 

Peter  Murphy,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  i, 
1861. 

Thomas  Murphy,  mus.  July  21,  1864,  for  100  days,  42d  R.,  Co.  B,  re-enl.  December 
30,  1864,  for  one  year,  ist  Frontier  Cav.,  Co.  D.  dis.  June  30,  1865. 

Zeblllon  G.  Murray,  mus.  November  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  C. 

Spencer  McDonald,  mus.  February  4,  1864,  for  three  years,  5th  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  July 
12,  1865. 

George  B.  McKenney,enl.  August  17,  1861,  for  three  years, /th  Maine  Vols.,  Co.  C,  the 
regt.  was  among  the  first  troops  to  advance  up  the  peninsula  in  McClellan's  campaign,  eng.: 
with  rebel  gunboat  "Teaser"  at  Newport  News,  Warwick  Creek  near  Yorktown,  in  pur- 
suit of  enemy  to  Williamsburg,  where  the  rebels  fought  behind  entrenchments,  some- 
times in  a  hand  to  hand  struggle;  for  gallant  service  Gen.  McLellan  ordered  the  regi- 
ment flags  to  be  inscribed  "Williamsburg,  May  5,"  regiment  next  encountered  enemy 
behind  a  masked  battery  at  Games'  Mills,  and  at  Mechanicsville.  During  the  seven  days' 
fighting  the  regiment  fought  on  the  Chickahominy,  Savage  Station,  and  White  Oak 
Swamp,  Malvern  Hill  and  near  Harrison's  Landing  on  the  James,  also  at  Second 
Bull  Run.  After  the  battle  of  Antietam,  the  regiment  returned  to  Portland  with 
only  150  men  out  of  1,100  that  originally  departed  for  the  front;  dis.  April  i,  1863, 
having  contracted  chronic  diarrhoea.  There  were  seven  members  of  the  McKenney 
family  in  Maine  regiments  during  the  war,  each  of  whom  saw  arduous  service, 
namely:  Simeon,  Amos,  George  B.,  Adoniram,  Daniel,  Charles  H.,  and  their  father 
James,  all  natives  of  Enfield,  Me. — a  notable  instance.  Capt.  George  B.  McKenney 
has  since  the  incorporation  of  the  city  been  captain  of  the  Gloucester  Police  Force. 

Samuel  L.  Nash,  mus.  August  11,  1862,  for  three  years,  32  R.,  Co.  H,  eng.: 
Antietam,  Bull  Run  and  several  others,  was  in  Libby  prison  and  became  insane  from 
which  cause  he  died,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

William  J.  Neal,  enl.  December  15.  1863,  for  three  years,  nth  Unattached,  dis. 
November  9.  1863,  for  disability. 

Martin  Nelson,  enl.  January  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded 
slightly  at  Donaldsville,  July  14,  1863,  dis.  December  31,  1863,  to  re-enl.  as  a  veteran 
volunteer. 

William  L.  Nevens,  mus.  August  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  gth  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  March 
17,  1863,  for  disability. 

George  Nichols,  mus.  November  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  wounded 
at  Fredericksburg,  December,  1862,  died  at  Lookout  hospital,  Md.,  January  25,  1863,  °f 
chronic  diarrhoea. 

JameS  P.  Nichols,  mus.  July  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  Co.  B,  i6th  Mass.,  trans. 
July  n,  1864.  to  nth  R.,  Co.  E.'dis.  July  14,  1865. 

Peter  Nichols,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

James  Nickerson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  8,  1863. 

Morris  H.  Nolan,  mus.  April  6,  1864,  for  three  years,  57th  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded 
severely  in  side  March  17,  1865,  dis.  June  12,  1865. 

Robert  Norris,  mus.  April  8,   186-,  gth  111.   Vol.  Cav.,  dis.  October  31,  1865. 

Franklin  Norwood,  mus.  December  10,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  I, 
dis.  November  9.  1865. 

George  H.  Norwood,  mus.  August  n.  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  F,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  wounded  in  thigh  May  10,  1864,  and  died  of  wounds  May  12-20,  1864. 

Israel  Norwood,  mus.  July  31,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R..  Co.  I,  eng.:  Whitehall, 
Drury's  Bluff,  Petersburg,  Bermuda  Hundred,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

John  F.  Norwood,  mus.  July  22,  1862,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Kingston,  Whitehall, 
Goldsboro  and  skirmishes,  detailed  as  cook  and  nurse,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Wallace  Noyes,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  28,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  dis.  June  4,  1863,  to  re-enl.  in  2d  Mass. 
H.  A.,  died  December  12,  1864,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  from  an  artillery  piece. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  195 

Charles  II.  Nllte,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June 
29,  1865. 

AlonzO  A.  Jfye,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-en  1.  Septem- 
ber 15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  sergt.,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Timothy  W.  Xye,  mus.  July  18,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  K.,  Co.  C,  dis.  October  13, 
1864. 

George  H.  (Mikes,  3oth  R. 

John  I.  W.  OakCS,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  K.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
Baton  Rouge  and  Gen.  Sutler's  expedition,  dis.  October  16,  1862,  for  disability. 

.losiall  Obcar,  jr.,  rnus.  May  9,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  in  all  engage- 
ments of  the  regiment  to  Bull  Run,  viz.,  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  and 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  lost  finger,  August  30,  1862,  dis.  December  29,  1862,  for  disability  and 
chronic  diarrhoea. 

John  P.  Ober,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  i, 
1861. 

Oster  Ober.  gth  R. 

WlnslOW  Olmore,  mus.  December  3,  1862,  I2th  Lt.  Bat.,  died  at  Port  Hudson,  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1865,  being  in  command  of  the  company  at  the  time. 

Thomas    O'Brien,  mus.  August  8,  1863,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  H. 

William  O'Brien,  mus.  September  2,  1864,  for  one  year,  Mass.  L.  A.,  5th  Bat.,  dis. 
July  12,  1865. 

Oscar  O'La,  mus.  August  9,  1862,  for  three  years,  gth  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  June  21, 
1864. 

James  O'Jfeil,  mus.  November  3,  1864,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  unass.,  never  joined 
regiment. 

John  Ord,  mus.  September  12,  1862,  for  three  years,  39th  R.,  Co.  G,  trans,  to  V. 
R.  C.,  March  7,  1864. 

David  T.  OsgOOd,  enl.  September  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  5th  N.  H.,  Co.  K,  eng.: 
siege  of  Yorktown,  dis.  July  21,  1862,  for  disability. 

David  A.  Osier,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Timothy  Osier,  mus.  November  17,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  as  veteran  volunteer,  dis.  June 
25,  1865. 

George  A.  Oxton,  mus.  January  i,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  of 
pneumonia  June  22,  1862. 

Henry  A.  Palmer,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  corp.,  2d  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
May  7,  1863,  f°r  disability. 

John  Palmer,  mus.  November  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Roanoke 
Island,  detailed  on  gunboat  Lancer  in  1861,  dis.  November  27,  1863. 

Andrew  Parker,  mus.  May  19,  1863,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  M,  died  at  Fort  Strong,  Va.,  of 
typhoid  fever. 

Benjamin  Parker,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  dis.  December  7,  1862,  for  disability. 

George  W.  Parker,  mus.  June  26,  i86i,for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl.  De- 
cember 9,  1864,  as  sergt.,  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare 
Gap,  Bull  Run,  taken  prisoner,  paroled  and  rejoined  regiment  December  31,  1862,  Chan- 
cellorsville,  Gettysburg,  taken  prisoner  July  i,  returned  to  duty  October  7,  1863,  dis.  July 
29,  1865. 

John  J.  Parker,  mus.  October  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  March 
24,  1864,  as  sergt.,  prom,  to  ist  lieut.  October  14,  1864,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

Patrick  J.  Parker,  mus.  March  13,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  re-enl. 
March  14,  1864,  dis.  March  13, 1864,  to  re-enl.,  killed  at  Spottsylvania  May  19,  1864. 

Albert  E.  Parsons,  mus.  January  2,  1864,  f°r  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  wounded 
in  battle  Bayou  La  Fouche,  Donaldsonville,  July  14,  1863,  killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  October 
19,  1864. 

Charles  H.  Parsons,  mus.  April  18,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 5,  1864,  as  corp.  wounded  in  the  hip  at  Laurel  Hill,  May  10,  1864,  dis.  July  28,  1865. 

James  W.  Parsons,  mus.  August  22,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  D,  died  at 
Plymouth,  N.  C..  March  9,  1865. 

Joseph  Parsons,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Joseph  M.  Parsons,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 


196  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Nathaniel  B.  Parsons,  mus.  July  14,  1864,  for  100  days,  6th  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.   October 

27,  1864. 

Oliver  Parsons,  mus.  Augusts,  1862,  for  two  years,  i/th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  3, 
1864. 

Rutus  Parsons,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

Samuel  Parsons,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  Octo- 
ber 7,  1862,  for  disability. 

Sidney  Parsons,  enl.  November  21,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  K,  dis.  June 
1865,  for  disability. 

Stephen  S.  Parsons,  mus.  November  26,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Bat.,  died  at  New 
Orleans,  February  19,  1863. 

Thomas  L.  Parsons,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
September  18,  1865. 

Wiliney  Parsons,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Sep- 
tember 18,  1865. 

William  H.  Parsons,  mus.  January  7,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
March  4,  1864. 

Winthrop  L.  Parsons,  mus.  January  ii,  1862,  for  three  years,  30th  R.,  Co.  K,  died 
October  12,  1863,  at  New  Orleans,  battle  of  Baton  Rouge. 

William  M.  Parrott,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to 
sergt.,  dis.  September  27,  1862,  for  disability,  afterwards  drafted,  but  discharged. 

David  Patten,  mus.  August  16,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  H,  eng.:  Kings- 
ton, Goldsboro,  Whitehall,  Blunt's  Mills,  Little  Washington,  Newbern,  received  a 
broken  ankle,  dis.  August  3,  1864. 

Kelson  M.  Payne,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  dis.  May 
30,  1865. 

John  W.  PeabOdy,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  G,  died  at 
Andersonville,  June  21,  1864. 

David  Pearce,  2d  H.  A. 

David  P.  Pearce,  mus.  May  25,  i86i,for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Band,  re-enl.  September 
15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  as  private,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Edward  T.  Pearce,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  as  ist  lieut.  I2th  R.,  dis.  July 
8,  1864. 

Henry  Pearce,  nth  Kansas,  lieut.  and  capt. 

Carls  Pederson,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  tnree  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  E,  killed  at 
Locust  Grove,  Va.,  March  25,  1865. 

Albert  PeirCC,  mus.  November  13,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 5,  1864,  wounded  slightly  May  30,  1864,  struck  by  a  ball  in  left  breast,  ball  passed 
through  diary  and  struck  a  pair  of  scissors,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Eben  Perkins,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

FitZ  W.  Perkins,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  trans,  to  2d  Mass.  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  prom, 
to  corp.  and  sergt.  2d  Mass.  H.  A.,  dis.  June  27,  1865. 

Joseph  M.  Perkins,  mus.  January  3,  1865,  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June 
29.  1865. 

Lev!  G.  Perkins,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  I0°  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  25th  Unattached, 
re-enl.  December  9,  1864,  as  corn.,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Richard  H.  Perkins,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis. 
June  29,  1865. 

Paulino  Peroni,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 

Reuben  Perry,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  2d  Brigade  Band,  for  three  years,  musician,  re-enl. 
March  27,  1863,  Brigade  Band,  ist  Division,  Army  Corps,  for  three  years,  dis.  June  13, 
1865.  The  eight  men  in  the  band  from  Gloucester  were  the  first  Gloucester  men  to  be 
under  fire. 

John  Pettee,  mus.  November  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D. 

Charles  H.  Pew,  2d,  mus.  September  i,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Ro- 
anoke  Island,  Newbern,  Southeast  Creek,  Deep  Gully,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro, 
Morris'  Island,  Hampton.  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor  and  before  Richmond,  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  Whitehall,  N.  C.,  in  leg,  prom,  to  corp.,  to  2d  lieut.,  y\  II.  A.,  Co.  B, 
March  23,  1864,  to  ist  lieut.  April  21,  1865,  dis.  September  18,  1865. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  197 

George  M.  Pew,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June 
29,  1865. 

Henry  Pew,  Jr.,  mus.  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  corp.,  died 
at  Potomac  Creek,  Va.,  November  28,  1862. 

Henry  N.  Phclps,  mus.  May  3,  1861,  for  three  months,  1st  Maine,  Co.  I),  re-enl. 
November  12,  1861,  for  three  years,  131)1  Maine,  Co.  H,  re-enl.  February  I,  1864,  for 
three  years,  i^th  Maine,  Co.  H,  dis.  August  20,  1865. 

OCtaviUS  Pnipps,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
August  13,  1862,  for  nine  months.  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  musician,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

Frank  Pierce,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  as  corp.  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  H,  killed 
at  Whitehall,  N.  C.,  December  16,  1862. 

HaniUCl  E.  Pierce,  mus.  December  16,  1862,  for  nine  months,  as  chaplain,  4th  R., 
resigned  August  25,  1863. 

Charles  H.  Pitman,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1867,  also  served  in  navy. 

Frank  POO!,  mus.  October  20,  i86i,for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  November 
13,  1864. 

Thomas  S.  Pool,  mus.  January  13,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  eng. :  Harri- 
son's Landing,  in  front  of  Richmond,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis.  January  13,  1863,  for  disa- 
bility. 

.1.  Frank  Porter,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  prom,  to 
corp.,  dis.  January  7,  1862,  for  disability. 

James  Powell,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  H,  dis.  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1863,  for  disability. 

Richard  Powers,  mus.  November  15,1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  killed  at  Weldon  R.  R.,  August  21,  1864. 

William  Powers,  mus.  August  u,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R..  Co.  H,  dis.  February 
27,  1863,  for  disability. 

George  Prior,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  i;th  R.,  Co.  G,  died  at  Newbern, 
N.  C.,  September  28,  1862. 

George  A.  Proctor,  mus.  October  27,  1861,  as  corp.,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C, 
eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Trenton  and  Goldsboro  and  all 
the  battles  in  North  Carolina,  prom,  to  sergt.  and  ist  sergt.,  to  2d  lieut.,  December  9, 
1862,  dis.  August  9,  1863,  for  disability. 

John  J.  Proctor,  mus.  August  2,  1862,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  unexpired  term  of  regiment, 
eng.:  Rawle's  Mills,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Wilcox  Bridge,  N.  C.,  Brainard's  Mills,  Wal- 
thal  Junction,  Pocahontas,  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor  and  siege  of  Petersburg,  Va., 
detailed  as  drummer,  slightly  wounded  in  heel  at  Whitehall,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Benjamin  S.  Pulclfer,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  as  musician,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Daniel  Pulclfer,  mus,  July  28,  i86i,for  three  years,  i7th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 9,  1864,  for  one  year,  I5th  Unattached,  eng.:  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro, 
Blount's  Mills,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

George  H.  Pulcil'er,  mus.  September  28, 1861,  as  Corp.,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  New- 
bern, Whitehall,  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  prom,  to  sergt.,  March  i,  1864,  dis. 
October  13,  1864. 

Abel  PurrlngtOn,  mus.  October  27,  1862,  for  three  years,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  F, 
absent  sick,  November  20,  1862. 

Thomas  Ralph,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  prom,  to  ord.  sergt.  and  ordnance  sergt., 
died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  December  27,  1864,  see  naval  record. 

John  S.  Ramsdell,  mus.  November  27,  1861,  as  corp.,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,Co. 
D,  re-enl.  January  5,  1864,  as  sergt.,  killed  at  Laurel  Hill,  Va.,  May  12,  1864. 

Ambrosine  Randall,  mus.  October  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  H,  dis. 
January  2,  1862,  for  disability. 

Thomas  Raymond,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  sergt.,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K, 
trans,  to  Co.  D,  i2th  Mass.  Vols.,  January  3,  1862,  dis.  November  8,  1862,  for  dis- 
ability. 

Lewis  L.  Record,  mus.  May  13,  1864,  chaplain,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  dis.  May  15, 
1865. 

James  Reed,  mus.  November  12,  1862,  for  two  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 3,  1863,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

John  (•.  Reed,  mus.  October  12,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Roanoke 


198  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Island,  secret  expedition  to  Columbia,  N.  C.,  Newbern,  Tranter's  Creek,  Rawle's 
Mills,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro  Bridge,  James'  Island,  Fort  Wagner,  charge  on 
rifle  pits  August  26,  1863,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Petersburg  R.  R.,  Deep  Bottom  Bluff, 
prom,  to  ad  sergt.,  dis.  at  Chapin's  Farm,  October  20,  1864. 

Henry  C.  Reed,  mus.  January  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  New 
Orleans,  Baton  Rouge,  Port  Hudson,  Plains,  and  digging  canal  in  front  of  Vicksburg, 
dis.  August  22,  1863,  for  disability. 

Edward  Reed,  mus.  May  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L. 

Richard  Reid. 

Sargent  S.  Rich,  mus.  November  9,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  3,  1863,  as  corp.,  dis.  June  25,  1865. 

Joseph  B.  Reynolds,  surgeon,  stationed  at  hospital  at  Baton  Rouge  in  1863. 

Stephen  Rich.     See  ante. 

Stephen  S.  Rich,  mus.  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D. 

William  Rider,  mus.  August  30,  1861,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  A,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber 21,  1863,  dis.  July  14,  1865. 

Benjamin  F.  RiggS,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  died  of  typhoid  fever  at  Jacksonville,  Md., 
September  20,  1864. 

Moses  RiggS,  mus.  July  22, 1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  detailed  for  hospital 
duty,  dis.  December  4,  1864. 

Maurice  Riley,  mus.  August  9,  1862,  Co.  G,  to  serve  unexpired  term,  re-enl.  August 
5,  1864,  for  three  years,  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Yorktown,  Hanover  c.  h.,  Mechanicsville, 
Games'  Mills,  Chickahominy,  Malvern  Hill,  Manassee,  Antietam,  Sharpsburg,  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Bolter's  Mills,  Shepardstown,  Gettysburg,  Wapping 
Heights,  Bristow  Station,  Brandy  Station,  Rappahannock  Station,  Mine  Run,  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  Laurel  Grove,  North  Anna,  dis.  June  12,  1865. 

George  F.  Robie,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 

Abram  Robinson,  mus.  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  A,  died  at  Falmouth,  Va., 
January  18,  1863. 

Allen  B.  Robinson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

David  I.  Robinson,  mus.  August  11,  1862,  i33d  111.  Vols.,  Co.  H,  promoted  to  2d 
lieut.,  promotion  was  in  a  new  regiment  recruiting,  but  owing  to  sickness  was  unable  to 
re-enlist. 

Edwin  S.  Robinson,  mus.  July  i,  1862,  for  six  months,  7th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  December 
31,  1862. 

James  Robinson,  mus.  December  10,  1862,  i2th  Bat.,  L.  A. 

John  Jf.  Robinson,  mus.  August  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  F,  dis. 
June  10,  1863,  for  disability. 

John  S.  Robinson,  mus.  1861,  for  three  months,  7th  111.,  Co.  F,  re-enl.  for  three 
years,  7th  111.,  Co.  F,  sergt.,  eng.:  Fort  Donalson,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Siege  of  Corinth, 
Battle  of  Corinth,  Alatoona,  and  a  number  of  skirmishes,  prom,  to  sergt. -major,  and 
then  to  adj.,  with  rank  as  ist  lieut.,  shot  through  the  thigh  while  acting  as  brigade  adj., 
at  Alatoona,  three  months  afterwards  he  died  from  his  wounds  at  Chattanooga. 

Lev!  Robinson,  mus.  July  23,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  25th  Unattached, 
re-enl.  December  9,  i864,  as  sergt.,  eng.:  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap, 
Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  slightly  wounded  at  Antietam,  rejoined  regiment 
January  24,  1863,  dis.  July  29,  1865. 

Robert  Robinson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

William  L.  Robinson,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  7th  111.  Inf.,  Co.  I, 
eng.:  Battle  of  Corinth,  October  3  and  4,  1862,  battle  of  Town  Creek,  and  served  in 
other  skirmishes,  regiment  was  eventually  mounted  and  detailed  to  hunt  guerrillas,  dis. 
June  25,  1865. 

Wendon   KOCk,  mus.  July  12,  1864,  2oth  R.,  Co.  B. 

Thomas  Rodgers,  mus.  January  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  at 
New  Orleans,  October  29,  1862. 

William  H.  Rodgers,  mus.  January  17,  foR  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  lost  left  arm 
Angust  5,  at  Baton  Rouge,  dis.  October  i,  1862. 

Charles  Rogers,  .mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Leonard  S.  Rogers,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  served 
on  gunboat  "Lancer"  in  1861,  dis.  September  2,  1862,  for  disability. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  199 

George  11.  ROS8,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3<Dth  R.,  Co.  K,  drowned  at 
Fort  Jackson.  April  20,  186^. 

.laeob  Roth,  mus.  August  12,  1863,  for  three  years,  nth  R.,  Co.  C. 

Charles  Rowe,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  on  muster 
out  of  regiment. 

Edward  Rowe,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Septem- 
ber 28,  1861,  for  three  years,  230!  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  December  23,  1863,  for  three  years, 
2d  Cav.,  Co.  K,  detailed  on  gunboat  "Lancer"  in  1861,  dis.  February  15,  1865. 

Edward  L.  Rowe,  see  ante. 

George  F.  Rowe,  mus.  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

George  T.  Rowe,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  re-enl. 
July  18,  1864,  for  icodays,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

John  M.  Rowe,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  December 
31,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  C,  as  corp.,  re-enl.  as  vet.  vol.,  severely  wounded 
in  three  places  in  leg  in  1864,  died  June  5,  1864,  at  Chattanooga. 

John  T.  Rowe,  mus.  November  15,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
30,  1862,  for  disability. 

Lafayette  Rowe,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  trans,  to  Co. 
G,  7th  R.,  V.  R.  C.,  December  20,  1863,  dis.  June  28,  1865. 

LaUllCelOt  K.  Rowe,  mus.  July  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  iyth  R.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Bach- 
elder's  Creek,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Kingston  and  many  skirmishes,  prom,  to  sergt. 
July  22,  1861.  dis.  January  14,  1863,  for  disability. 

(Mas  N.  Rowe,  mus.  November  i,  1861,  for  three  years,  2Oth  R.,  Co.  D,  eng.:  13 
battles  outside  of  Virginia,  and  almost  constantly  for  one  year  in  Virginia,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 23,  1864. 

Richard  P.  Rowe,  mus.  May  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Bull 
Run,  wounded  in  head,  narrowly  escaped  death  from  bayonet  thrust  by  rebel  soldier, 
bible  in  breast  pocket  saved  his  life,  taken  prisoner  and  carried  to  Richmond,  dis. 
October  13,  1861. 

Robert  Rowe,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl.  March 
24,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Solomon  Rowe,  mus  .January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Baton 
Rouge,  Winchester,  Cedar  Creek,  Fisher's  Hill,  Butler's  and  Sheridan's  expeditions  and 
one  gunboat  fight  at  Yazoo  River,  prom,  to  corp.,  November  23,  1862,  dis.  January  20, 
1865. 

George  Ruggles,    mus.  August  6,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R. 

Elbridge  Rust,  mus.  September  16,  1862,  for  nine  months,  5th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  July  2, 
1863. 

Lafayette  Rust,  99th  N.  Y.,died  at  Gloucester  Point,  Va.,  October  5,   1863. 

William  A.  Ryder,  mus.  August  27,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  E,  died 
September  28,  1864,  at  Washington. 

George  ROSS,  mus.  January  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis.  October  15, 
1862,  by  reason  of  deafness. 

Henry  S.  Sadler,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  served 
on  gunboat  "Dragon"  in  December  1862,  dis.  August  6,  1863. 

Louis  Saget,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  E,  killed  at  Beth- 
esda  Church,  June  3,  1864. 

Willard  S.  Sadler,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  corp., 
re-enl.  Februarys,  1864,  as  ist  sergt.,  for  three  years,  4th  Cav.,  Co.  H,  dis.  November 
14,  1865,  also  served  in  navy. 

George  Sanborn,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Charles  J).  Sailford,  mus.  October  16,  1861,  as  ist  lieut.  2d  R.,  December  7,  1861, 
Capt.,  killed  at  battle  of  Wilderness,  May  16,  1864. 

Rev.  Miles  Sailford.  mus.  October  8,  1861,  as  chaplain,  resigned  February  25,  1862. 

George  A.  Sailger,  chaplain,  taken  prisoner. 

Matthew  SannVail,  mus.  January  2,  1864,  ist  Bat.  L.  A.,  dis.  June  4,  1865. 

Albert  Sargent,  mus.  July  18,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  January  4, 
1864,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  died  at  Hampton,  Va.,  August  16,  1864; 

Charles  0.  Sargent,  mus.  October  24,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  F,  dis. 
October  13,  1864,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  September  24,  1865. 

George  D.  Sargent,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
June  2,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  prom,  to  quarter-master's  sergt.  Novem- 


200  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


her  i,  1863,  2&  lieut.  Sept.  i,  1865,  eng-:  Kingston  and  Goldsboro,  March,  1865,  dis. 
September  3,  1865. 

MiltOIl  Sargent,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

RilialdO  R.  Sargent,  mus.  October  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  4,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

GHman  Saunders,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  2d  lieut., 
prom,  to  ist  lieut.  May  2,  1862,  resigned  and  dis.  for  disability  September  10,  1862. 

Isaac  E.  Saunders,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  on  gun- 
boat "Lancer"  ini86i,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

John  E.  Saunders,  mus.  July  29,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  F,  dis.  July  8, 
1864. 

Samuel  Sauilders,  mus.  November  19,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  died 
August  28,  1862,  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Va.,  of  sunstroke. 

Edward  E.  Sayille,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
detailed  as  teamster  in  1862  and  1863,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

James  R.  Saville,  mus.  July  31,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  re-enl.  Decem- 
ber i,  1863,  as  vet.  vol.,  killed  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  July  31,  1864. 

Sargent  L.  Saville,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  as  Corp.,  prom,  to  sergt.  September  i,  1862, 
eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  received  flesh 
wound  at  Bull  Run,  dis.  December  29,  1862,  for  disability. 

George  T.  Sawyer,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

George  W.  Sawyer,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  eng.:  Whitehall,  Kingston  and  Goldsboro,  as  teamster,  dis. 
November  10,  1864. 

Samuel  Saxton,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  died  at 
Newbern,  N.  C.,  September  9,  1863,  of  lung  disease. 

Samuel  Sayward,    mus.  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G.,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

William  A.  Sayward,  mus.  December  24,  1864,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  M,  dis.  July  20, 
1865. 

William  Scarlett,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  D,  absent 
wounded  at  dis.  of  regiment. 

Thomas  Scheiiesy,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  dis.  July 
12,  1865. 

John  H.  SCOtt,  mus.  November  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  May  2, 

1862,  for  disability. 

Joseph  J.  Or  I.  Seavey,  mus.  August  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  igth  R.,  Co.  F,  re-enl. 

1863,  igth  R.,  Co.  F,  for  three  years,  dis.  June  30,  1865. 

Josiall  F.  Seayey,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  sick  and  sent 
to  the  hospital,  dis.  November  16,  1862,  for  disability. 

Lewis  SeniC,  mus.  March  4,  1864,  f°r  three  years,  59th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  July  30,  1865. 

Joseph  H.  SeWCll,  mus.  November  24,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
March  10,  1864,  as  sergt.,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

George  Shackleford,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  i,  1861. 

Joseph  Shackleford,  mus.  July  18,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  I,  eng.:  White- 
hall, Kingston,  and  Goldsboro,  dis.  July  18,  1863. 

Thomas  Shanesy,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  A,  dis. 
March  26,  1862,  for  disability. 

John  Sharkey,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  K,  for  three  years,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  October  22,  1864. 

Joseph  C.  Shepherd,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

William  W.  Shelbon,  mus.  January  6,  1864,  for  three  years,  4th  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  C, 
as  corp.,  dis.  November  14,  1865. 

John  Shuttleworth,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
served  on  gunboat  "Dragon,"  December  1862,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

John  A.  Smeadburg,  mus.  August  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  i^th  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
December  5,  1863,  for  three  years,  i7th  R.,  Co.  D,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  dis.  June  20,  1865. 

Albert  T.  Smith,  i4th  II.  A.     See  Alfred  P. 

Albred  P.  Smith,  mus.  July  29,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  F,  re-enl.  January 
i,  1864,  died  in  hospital  at  Washington,  July  22,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  201 

Benjamin  F.  Smith,  mus.  January  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  at 
New  Orleans,  December  20,  1862. 

David  E.  Smith,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-enl- 
November  16,  1864,  for  one  year,  2d  Unattached,  dis.  July  7,  1865. 

George  II.  Smith,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  K.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
November  16,  1864,  for  one  year,  2d  Unattached,  dis.  July  7,  1865. 

Henry  C.  Smith,  mus.  October  19,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  dis. 
December  i  c,  1863,  by  ordei  W.  D. 

Herbert  Smith,  mus.  April,  1864,  for  three  years,  57th  R.,  Co.  K,  taken  prisoner  at 
North  Anna  river,  died  at  Anderson ville,  August,  1864. 

James  P.  Smith,  mus.  August  13,  1864,  I3th  Unattached. 

J.  Fernando  Smith,  2d  lieut.,  attached  to  quarter-master's  staff,  Asboth's  Division, 
eng.:  Pittsburg  Landing,  slightly  wounded,  1862. 

Henry  F.  Snow,  mus.  December  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  Mass.  Bat.  Art.,  dis. 
May  26,1864,  served  ten  months  in  28th  Mass. 

George  W.  Somes,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  died  of 
fever  at  Newbern,  June  22,  1863. 

Nathaniel  Spragne,  mus.  May  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  trans,  to 
navy,  August  1864,  dis.  August  26,  1865. 

William  G.  Sprague,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  A. 

Thomas  Spell  man,  mus.  August  10,  1864,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  H,  died  at 
Newbern,  September  27,  1864. 

Joseph  Spofford,  mus.  December  i,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  H,  as 
sergt.,  dis.  January  21,  1865,  for  disability. 

Augustus  M.  Stacey,  mits.  December  19,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  prom, 
to  Corp.,  August  15,  1863,  died  in  Gloucester  of  chronic  diarrhoea,  June  13,  1864,  con- 
tracted in  service,  age  24  years,  3  months. 

William  F.  StanWOOd,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  as  Corp.,  wounded  severely  in  leg  in  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

George  E.  StanWOOd,  mus.  May  23,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  May  25, 
1864. 

Henry  G.  StanWOOd,  mus.  July  7,  1864,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Isaac  StanWOOd,  mus.  November  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  July 
6,  1863,  for  disability. 

Sylvester  StanWOOd,  Pratt's  Lt.  Div.,  eng.:  both  attacks  at  Fredericksburg,  Pen- 
insula campaign. 

Josiah  W.  Stapleton,  8th  R. 

Charles  A.  Staten,  mus.  July  i,  1862,  for  six  months,  7th  R.,  Co.  B,  re-enl.  July  15, 
1864,  as  Corp.,  for  100  days,  6th  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  October  27,  1864. 

Edward  H.  Staten,  mus.  July  15,  1864,  for  100  days,  as  capt.,  8th  R.,  Co.  I,  dis. 
October  27,  1864. 

Henry  Staten,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2thR.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar  Moun- 
tain, Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain, 
killed  in  action  at  Antietam,  September  17,  1862. 

William  H.  Staten,  mus.  December  31,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  Co.  F,  dis  July 
14,  1865. 

Franklin  StaiintOll,  mus.  January  14,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  dis. 
October  16,  1862,  for  disability. 

Justus  Steams,  musician,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
November  10,  1864. 

Adrian  SteelC,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Novem- 
ber 21,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  prom,  to  orderly  sergt.,  eng.:  all  in  which 
the  regiment  took  part  in  from  July  3,  1862,  to  time  of  discharge,  December  28,  1864, 
slightly  wounded  at  Petersburg  in  June,  1864. 

Franklin  SteelC,  mus.  November  11,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

Josiah  W.  Stevens,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June 
29,  1865. 

Robert  Stephens  Or  Stevens,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
trans,  to  navy,  alias  Robert  Welch,  dis.  August  i,  iS6t. 

Charles  S.  Stevens,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 


202  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Charles  L.  Stevens,  Heut.,  1 4th  Maine,  mortally  wounded  at  siege  of  Tort  Hudson, 
died  July  24,  1863. 

Frank  H.  Stevens,  mus.  December  u,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A..  Co.  I,  died  at 
Andersonville,  August  27,  1864. 

Joseph  Stevens,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R.,  Co.  H. 

Joseph  R.  Stevens,  mus.  March  10,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  prom,  to 
sergt.  in  commissary  department,  dis.  October  18,  1863,  for  disability,  eng.:  Second  Bull 
Run. 

Melville  Stevens,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Sep- 
tember 18,  1865. 

Sylvanus  Brown  Stevens,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G, 
dis.  September  18,  1865. 

William  F.  StiCkney,  mus.  February  12,  1864,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis. 
February  21,  1864,  rejected  recruit. 

Charles  W.  Stockman,  mus.  April  27,  1861,  ist  Maine,  Co.  A,  dis.  June  24,  1861, 
for  disability,  joined  4th  Maine  at  Aquia  Creek,  Va.,  in  winter  of  1862-3,  Sanitary  Com- 
mission, neither  enlisted  or  commissioned,  served  in  hospital  fall  of  1864. 

Simeon  M.  Stockman,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 10,  1864. 

Frederick  StOkes,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 

Edward  A.  Story.    See  ante. 

Isaac  U".  Story,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  as  sergt.  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  as  sergt.  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  acting  sergt-major  at  Fort 
Totten  in  1863,  p_rom.  to  2d  lieut.  July  27,  1863,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Calvin  W.  Swift,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R  ,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Septem- 
ber i,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  served  in  1861,  as  commissary  sergt.  on  gun- 
boat "Hussar,"  commissary  of  company  to  February,  1863,  dis.  October  13,  1864,  eng.: 
all  the  battles  that  the  23d  took  part  in,  excepting  Cold  Harbor  and  Wilderness.  Was  in 
trench  before  Petersburg,  and  participated  in  the  skirmishes  constantly  taking  place 
there.  During  that  time  the  "Mine"  was  exploded,  the  23d  being  engaged  in  the  fight. 
September  4,  1864,  ordered  to  Newbern  for  picket  duty. 

Joseph  Warren  Story,  mus.  August  5,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  killed  at 
Whitehall,  N.  C.,  December  17,  1862. 

William  Story,  mus.  November  12,  1862,  for  nine  months,  48th  R.,  Co.   F. 

William  W.  Story,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  icodays,  8th    R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  December 

9,  1864,  f°r  or>e  year,  25th  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Joshua  Stuart,  mus.  August  18,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  June  2, 

1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  dis.  September  3,  1865. 

Alexander  A.  Stubles,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  II.  A.,  Co.  A,  corp. 
trans,  to  navy,  September  15,  1864. 

Robert  B.  Swain,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  i5th  R.,  Co.  I,  trans.  July  27, 

1864,  to  Co.  E,  2oth  Mass. 

Charles  J.  Swinson,  4th  H.  A. 
Charles  Swinson,  4th  H.  A. 

Charles  Swinson,  2d,  i4th  H.  A.,  died  November,  1862. 

Charles  8.  Sylvester,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re- 
enl.  December  7,  1863,  as  corp.  for  three  years,  2d  R.,  L.  Bat.,  eng. :  Sabine  Cross  Roads 
and  was  with  Bank's  Div.  up  the  Red  river,  dis.  August  n,  1865. 

Henry  S.  Sylvester,  mus.  August  n,  1862,  for  three  years,  35th  R.,  Co.  F,  prom  to 
corp..  December  i,  1864,  eng.:  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  \Vilderness, 
Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  river,  Cold  Harbor,  Mine  explosion  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Northville,  Petersburg,  Weldon  R..R.,  to  Lee's  surrender. 

Ignatius  Sylvester,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for   100  days,  8th    R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 

10,  1864. 

Sydney  S.  Sylvester,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  too  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10.  1864. 
Walter  Sylvester. 

John  Sylvia,  mus.  November  6,  1862,  for  nine  months,  48th  R.,  Co.  F. 

Joseph  F.  Symonds.  jr.,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C, 
re-enl.  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  detailed  on  gunboat  "Lancer,"  in 
1861,  wounded  in  the  arm  at  Antietam  1862,  and  at  Smithville,  Va.,  in  1864  and  sent  to 
hospital,  dis.  June  lo,  1865. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  203 

Asa  M.  SargCIlt,  mus.  August  12,  1861,  as  sergt.  ist  Ca).  Vol.  Cav.,  Co.  A,  for  three 
years,  dis.  March  4,  1863,  in  California  for  disability. 

Jollll  TarbOX,  mus.  August  16,  1864,  for  three  years,  12th  Hat.  Mass.  L.  A.,  dis.  July 
25,  1865. 

Addison  W.  Tart,  mus.  August  19,  1862,  for  three  years,  351)1  K.,  Co.  F,  trans,  to  \'. 
R.  C.,  eng.:  Antietam  and  others. 

Albert  Tarr,  mus.  December  2,  1862,  I2th  Hat.  L.  A.,  died  September  25,  1864,  at 
Port  Hudson,  La.,  see  naval  record. 

Itciljumill  Tarr,  mus.  April  22,  1863,  for  three  years,  ist  Bat.  H.  A.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  48 
hours  in  Hoston  quelling  Cooper  street  draft  riot. 

Charles  Tarr,  mus.  August  5,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  K.,  Co.  C,  trans,  to  V.  K.  C., 
January  22,  [864,  eng.:  Whitehall,  Kingston,  Goldsboro  and  Trenton,  dis.  February  s,, 
1864,  for  disability. 

OCOrge  Tarr,  mus.  February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  ist  H.  A.,  Co.  L,  re-enl.  Feb- 
ruary 22,  (864,  ist  II.  A.,  Co.  L,  wounded  severely  in  battle  of  Wilderness,  dis.  August 
1 6,  1865. 

John  J.  Tarr,  mus.  December  16,  1861,  for  three  years,  3oth  K.,Co.  K,  died  of  inter- 
mittent fever  June  28,  1862,  at  Baton  Rouge. 

John  P.  Tarr,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  as  corp.  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  as  sergt.  for  100  days,  8th  R.,Co.  G,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

Samuel  Tarr,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,Co.  G,  re-enl.  Septem- 
ber 15,  1862,  as  sergt.  for  nine  months,  dis.  August  7,  1863. 

John  Cl.  Taylor,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  H,  as  corp., 
died  July  8,  1864,  at  small  pox  hospital,  Annapolis,  Md. 

Peter  Taylor,  mus.  August  25,  i864,for  one  year,  6ist  R.,  Co.  D,  dis.  June  4.  1865. 

Charles  P.  Terry,  mus.  November^,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Daniel  A.  Thayer,  mus.  July  28,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  died  at  Hilton 
Head,  S.  C.,  January  4,  1864. 

John  Theblirg,  mus.  November  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,Co.  D,  dis.  Decem- 
ber 30,  1864. 

William  H.  H.  Thomas,  mus.  October  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  II.  A.,  Co.  G, 
dis.  September  18,  1865. 

William  H.  Thomas,  mus.  August  7,  1863,  for  three  years,  20th  R. 

Benjamin  B.  Thompson,  mus.  August  4,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  H.  A.,  Co.  C. 

James  Thompson,  mus.  November  26,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  istlieut.,  24th  R.,  dis. 
January  12,  1865. 

James  W.  Thompson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  fornine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 
August  7,  1863. 

John  R.  Thome,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  7,  1863,  as  corp.,  slightly  wounded  at  Roanoke  Island,  detailed  as  sharp- 
shooter in  1864,  dis  June  25,  1865. 

William  Thome,  mus.  December  4,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  F,  prom,  to 
2d  lieut.  March  7,  1864.  wounded  in  shoulder  August  17,  1864,  died  of  wounds  August 
20,  1864. 

William  Thurston,  mus,  November  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  eng.: 
North  Anna  river,  wounded  in  neck,  Malvern  Hill,  Fredericksburg,  Antietam,  Spottsyl- 
vania,  c.  h.,  Wilderness,  Rappahannock  Station,  and  others  of  the  32d  regiment,  wounded 
in  neck,  May  2c,  1864. 

Charles  TibbettS,  3d  Mass.  Cav.,  for  three  years,  served  as  chaplain  in  2d  U.  S.  Cav., 
and  as  2d  lieut.  in  2d  U.  S.  Cav.,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Thomas  Z.  TibbettS,  mus.  October  8,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  4,  1864,  died  at  Hampton,  Va.,  May  16,  1864. 

Hora'ce  L.  Tllton,  mus.  April,  1864,  signal  corps,  U.  S.  A.,  3d  Art. 

John  J.  Tobin.  iSth  Mo. 

William  S.  Todd,  mus.  June  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  dis.  November  12,  1862,  for  disability. 

John  C.  Tolman,  mus.  October  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  3,  1864,  detained  on  gunboat  "Lancer"  in  1861,  wounded  at  Cold  Harbor,  dis. 
January  i,  1864,  for  disability,  and  died  at  hospital  in  Baltimore  September  18,  1864. 

John  Trask,  mus.  June  26,  iS6r,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  corp.,  detailed  as 
nurse,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C.,  December  2,  1863. 

Alfred  F.  Tremaine,  mus.    April   30,  l86l,    for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 


204  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

February  20,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  Vols.,  2d  lieut,  prom,  to  Capt.  November  29, 
1862,  assigned  command  in  ist  N.  H.  Cav.,  4th  Brig.,  Gen.  Banks  Div.  in  1863,  div. 
ordnance  officer  of  ist  Brigade  in  1864,  served  on  Gen.  Uwight's  staff,  dis.  January  20, 
1866,  as  brevet-major. 

John  S.Troy,  mus.  November  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  wounded 
slightly  in  linger,  dis.  December  20,  1864. 

John  Trilitt,  mus.  October  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl.  January 
4,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

AZOF  A.  Tuck,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
7,  1863. 

George  E.  Tuck,  ist  R.,  unass. 

Henry  C.  Tucker,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10, 
1864. 

John  Tucker,  jr.,  mus.  December  31,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  prom, 
to  corp.  May  25,  1862,  died  October  30,  1862,  at  Carleton,  La. 

Alexander  G.  Tupper,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  December  19,  1863,  for  three  years,  2d  Mass.  Cav.,  Co.  H,  wounded  in  the  knee 
at  Buckville,  Md.,  July  13,  1864,  dis.  May  12,  1865,  for  disability. 

John  ¥.  Tupper,  s6th  R. 

Joseph  I.  Tupper,  mus.  October  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  2,  1863,  as  sergt.  December  2,  1863,  prom,  to  lieut.  June  2,  1865,  dis.  as  sergt. 
June  25,  1865,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Petersburg,  Rich- 
mond, Drury's  Bluff,  Rawleigh's  Mills,  Cold  Harbor,  and  others  in  which  regiment 
participated. 

Samuel  Tupper,  mus.  November  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
December  19,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  sergt.,  eng.:  Harrison's  Landing, 
2d  Bull  "Run,  and  one  other,  was  in  all  the  engagements  from  the  Wilderness  to  the 
taking  of  Richmond,  wounded  in  Wilderness,  dis.  July  12,  1865. 

George  W.  Thurston,  mus.  December  26,  1862,  for  three  years,  3d  R.,  Unattached 
H.  A.,  prom,  to  Corp.,  trans,  to  navy,  May  7,  1864. 

John  L.  Upton,  mus.  September  28,  i86r,  for  three  years,  23rd  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  9,  1864,  as  hospital  steward,  detained  on  gunboat  "Lancer"  in  1861,  sup. 
small-pox  hospital  at  Newbern  in  September,  1863,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Alexander  Urquhart,  ist  L.  A.,  served  in  Louisiana  Cav.,  lost  part  of  index  finger, 
see  naval  record. 

Lewis  Urquhart,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  i4th  Bat.,  L.  A.,  dis.  June  15,  1865. 

William  Urquhart,  mus.  February  27,  1864,  for  three  years,  I4th  Bat.,  L.  A.,  dis. 
June  15,  1865,  see  naval  record. 

Herbert  Utpadel,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Sep- 
tember i,  1861,  for  three  years,  Unattached,  V.  R.  C..  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern, 
Southwest  Creek,  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro  Bridge,  Rawle's  Mills,  and  others. 

Edward  J).  Varney,  mus.  November  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  C.  prom,  to  corp.  July  22,  1863,  prom,  to 
sergt.  March  5,  1864,  eng.:  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  Spottsylvania,  wounded  at  battle  of 
Cold  Harbor,  dis.  June  27,  1865. 

Hiram  Varney,  mus.  November  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  died  of 
typhoid  fever  in  Washington,  June  6,  1862. 

Matthew  VosCOnCCllOS,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C, 
right  arm  shot  off  and  wounded  in  face  at  battle  of  Newbern,  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C., 
April  12,  1862. 

James  Vernon,  mus.  August  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  E,  dis.  June  30, 
1865. 

William  Vincent,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co,  G,  dis.  August  i, 
1861. 

William  VinsCOmbe,  mus.  November  18,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  died 
March  6,  1862-3,  in  a  Virginian  hospital. 

Lyman  WaggOtt,  mus.  November  27,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  5,  1864,  as  vet.  vol.,  eng.:  Malvern  Hill,  2d.  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Blackburn's 
Ford,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Aldie,  Gettysburg,  Bristow  Station,  Rappa- 
hannock  Station,  New  Hope  Church,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Petersburg,  Appomattox, 
c.  h.,  in  all  31  battles  and  19  skirmishes. 

Calvin  Walker,  mus.  June  26,  1861.  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  as  corp.,  sergt. 
September  i,  1862,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.  August  u,  1862,  to  ist.  lieut.  September  i,  1862, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  205 

eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Hull  Run,  Chantilly, 
South  Mountain,  Fredericksburg,  wounded  in  leg  at  Fredericksburg,  dis.  for  disability 
J  uly  30,  1 863. 

Behjaittlh  F.  Walker,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  H,  corp., 
dis.  October  20,  1862. 

Henry  Walker,  mus.    June    19,  1861,   for   three   months,  8th  R. ,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 

1,  1861. 

John    Walker,   mus.  August  5,  1863,  for  three  years,  2oth  R.,  Co.  F. 

William  II.  Wallace,  mus.  December  19,  1861,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K. 

Andrew  J.  Walker  Or  Waller,  mus.  August  1 1,  1862,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H, 
died  October  20.  1862. 

George  A.  Wass,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  56th  R.,  Co.  B,  ist 
sergt.,  re-enl.  July  i,  t865,  prom,  to  2d  lieut.  July  i,  1865,  dis.  July  12,  1865. 

D.  Somes  Watson,  mus.  March  27,  1863,  band  of  3d  Brig.,  ist  Div.,  I2th  Army 
Corps,  musician,  for  three  years,  eng.:  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Lookout  Mountain, 
dis.  March  23,  [864,  for  disability. 

tieorge  A.  Watson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  as  corp,  for  nine  months,  8th  R., 
Co.  G,  re-enl.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  as  sergt.,  dis.  November  14, 
1864. 

Samuel  alias  Frank  Weeks,  mus.  November  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R. 
Co.  D,  re-enl.  January  2,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

Joseph  Weitzel,   mus.  May  15,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl.  January 

2,  1864,  dis.  June  16,  1865. 

Edward  V.  Wells,  mus.  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November  10,  1865. 

Owen  WentWOrth,  mus.  September  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  5th  Bat.,  Mass.  L.  A., 
dis.  June  12,  1865. 

Hartin  Whalen,  mus.  January  17,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  October 
22,  1862,  at  Carleton,  La. 

Samuel  Wharf. 

Charles  H.  Wheeler,  mus.  January  8,   1862,  for   three   years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,    died 

of  intermittent  fever,  July  5,  1862. 

John  H.  U  hidden,  mus.  July  25,  1862,  as  2d  lieut.,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  H, 
prom,  to  ist  lieut.  Angust  13,  1862,  resigned  August  12,  1863,  for  disability. 

Hezeklah  Whitney,  mus.  November  20,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  H. 

(iCOrge  Wlllttemorc,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  and  a  member  of  the  Suffolk  bar,  mus. 
September  2,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  Co.  Sharpshooters,  M.  V.,  killed  at  Antietam, 
September  17,  1862. 

Charles  F.  Wldger,  mus.  November  27,  1861,  for  three  years,  32d  R.,  Co.  D,  corp., 
dis.  April  8,  1862,  for  disability,  re-enl.  September  13,  1862,  47th  R.,  Co.  E,  dis. 
September  \.  1863. 

William  H.  Wllkes,  mus.  December  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  L.  A.  Bat., 
prom,  to  corp.,  March  i,  1863,  to  sergt.,  September  5,  1864,  for  meritorious  conduct 
worthy  of  passing  note,  was  in  several  skirmishes  and  the  engagement  at  Tonica  Bend, 
La.,  dis.  July  25,  1865. 

Abraham  Williams,  jr.,  mus.  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to  corp.,  dis. 
August  i,  1861,  died  October  28,  1861,  of  chronic  diarrhoea. 

Henry  Williams,  mus.  June  18,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August  I, 
1861. 

Henry  Williams. 

John  Williams,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl.  Janu- 
ary 16,  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  died  st  New  Orleans,  August  17,  1862. 

Martin  J.  Williams,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  Mass.  R.,  Co.  E,  dis. 
March  20,  1863,  for  disability.  Post  45  record  says  dis.  May  18,  1864,  also  served  in 
the  Mexican  War. 

Frederick  Wilson,  mus.  August  11,  1863,  for  three  years,  28th  R. 

George  Wilson,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  prom,  to  corp. 
December  27,  1862,  to  sergt.  April  28,  1863,  eng.:  Cedar  Mountain,  Rappahannock 
Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  severely  wounded  in 
shoulder  at  Antietam,  sent  to  hospital,  rejoined  company  February  27,  1863,  in  battles 
of  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg,  taken  prisoner  July  i,  1863,  returned  to  duty 
October  7,  1863,  wounded  in  breast  at  the  Wilderness,  May  5,  1864,  sent  to  hospital, 
color  bearer  at  Antietam,  dis.  July  8,  1864. 


206  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Jacob  Wilson,  mus.  October  7,  1862,  for  nine  months,  45th  R.,  Co.  I,  dis.  July  7, 
1863. 

James  Wilson,  mus.  December  20,  1861,  for  three  years,  3oth  R.,  Co.  A,  dis.  April 
2,  1862,  for  disability. 

William  H.  Wilson,  mus.  October  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  dis. 
August  13,  1862,  for  disability. 

William  H.  Wilson,  Jr.,  dis.  July  25, 1865. 

David  D.  Winchester,  quartermaster's  clerk  at  Morris  Island,  1864. 

Gilbert  E.  Winchester,  mus.  October  9,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Kingston, 
Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  dis.  January  13,  1863,  for  disability,  and  November  10,  1864. 

Joseph  H.  Winchester,  7th  R.  I.  Bat. 

JTeal  Wing,  mus.  May  25,  1861,  musician,  2d  R.  Band,  for  three  years,  re-enl. 
November  9,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  G,  Corp.,  principal  musician,  June  20, 
1865,  dis.  September  18,  1865. 

Andrew  J.  Winn,  mus.  December  5,  1861,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  D,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  dis.  January  20,  1866. 

Albert  Winter,  mus.  October  10,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  eng.:  Roanoke 
Island,  Newbern,  Southwest  Creek,  Kingston,  Goldsboro,  Wilcox  Bridge,  Pocahontas, 
Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg  (four  engagements),  Appomattox  c.  h.,  Bermuda 
Hundred,  Southfield,  Wilderness  and  three  others,  dis.  October  13,  1864. 

Fitz  H.  Winter,  mus.  August  6,  1862,  for  three  years,  33d  R.,  Co.  C,  hospital  warden, 
1862,  dis.  June  n,  1865. 

George  F.  Winter,  mus.  September  23,  1862,  for  nine  months,  3d  R.,  Co.  K,  1st 
sergt,  eng.:  Kingston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro  and  several  skirmishes. 

John  B.  Wise,  mus.  January  8.  1862,  for  three  years,  3Oth  R.,  Co.  K,  re-enl.  Jan- 
uary 2,  1864,  taken  prisoner  at  Port  Hudson,  1863,  and  paroled,  dis.  June  20,  1865. 

John  S.  William,  mus.  September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,corp.,  dis. 
October  13,  1864. 

John  W.  Witham,  mus.  June  19,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
i,  1861. 

William  H.  Witham,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 

Charles  H.  Wonson,  mus.  August  13,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
July  n,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  prom,  to  corp.  August  9,  1864,  dis.  Novem- 
ber 10,  1864. 

Edward  G.  WonSOn,  mus.  October  14,  1861,  for  three  years,  re-enl.  July  10,  1863,  for 
three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  F,  eng.:  Roanoke  Island,  Newbern,  Whitehall,  Kingston,  dis. 
September  2,  1862,  for  disability,  was  afterwards  drafted  and  served  in  Virginia,  dis. 
December  i,  1863,  f°r  disability. 

Henry  F.  Wonson,  mus.  October  8,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  re-enl. 
December  9,  1864,  f°r  one  Year»  25tn  Unattached,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Jabez  F.  Wonson,  mus.  April  30,  1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  re-enl. 
September  28,  1861,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  prom,  to  corp.,  May  24,  1862,  to 
sergt.,  January  12,  1863,  dis.  June  25,  1865,  was  in  all  the  battles  of  the  23d,  during  the 
periods  named  with  one  exception,  wounded  at  Cold  Harbor. 

Joseph  P.  Wonson,  mus.  August  2,  1862,  for  three  years,  23d  R.,  Co.  C,  died  at 
Newbern,  September  13,  1864. 

J.  Warren  Wonson,  mus.  July  18,  1864,  for  100  days,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  November 
10,  1864. 

William  L.  Wonson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  di». 
August  7,  1863. 

William  JT.  Wonson,  mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G, 
re-enl.  July  18,  1865,  for  100  days,  dis.  November  10,  1864. 

George  Wood,  mus.  August  21,  1861,  for  three  years,  ist  R.,  Co.  F,  dis.  May  25, 
1864. 

Byron  A.  WoOdbury,  mus.  August  12,  1862,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  A,  re-enl. 
January  2,  1864,  died  at  Andersonville,  February  i,  1864. 

Ezra  L.  WoOdbury,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  i7th  R.,  Co.  G,  corp.,  dis. 
August  3,  1864. 

John  W.  WoOdbury,  mus.  January  10,  1863,  for  three  years,  3d  H.  A.,  Co.  A,  trans, 
to  navy  August  15,  1864. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  207 

Joseph  W.  Woodbury,  mus.   April   30,    1861,  for  three  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis. 

August  i,  r86i. 

Samuel  Worcester,  appointed  medical  cadet  February  27,  1865,  f°r  one  year,  U.  S.  A., 
General  Hospital  at  Baltimore,  dis.  June  14,  1865,  by  reason  of  ill  health  contracted 
in  the  service. 

Barnabas  Young,  mus.  June  26,1861,  for  three  years,  I2th  R.,  Co.  K,  eng.:  Cedar 
Mountain,  Rappahannock  Station,  Thoroughfare  Gap,  Bull  Run,  wounded  in  hand  and 
sent  to  hospital,  dis.  January  8,  1863,  for  disability. 

Timothy  Young,  mus.  August  5,  1862,  for  three  years,  24th  R.,  Co.  C,  dis.  Septem- 
ber 26,  1862,  for  disability. 

Frederick  L.  Younger,  mus.  December  26,  1863,  for  three  years,  s6th  R.,  Co.  B, 
dis.  July  12,  1865,  taken  prisoner  at  battle  of  North  Anna  river,  and  confined  in  Libby 
prison. 

(itistavus  B.  Younger,  mus.  December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  25th  R.,  dis.  June  29, 
1865. 

Joshua  Younger,  mus.  August  29,  1861,  for  three  years,  I7th  R.,  Co.  G,  dis.  August 
3,  1864. 

Maurice  B.  M.  Younger,  mus.  July  22,  1861,  for  three  years,  i/th  R.,Co.  G,  re-enl. 
December  9,  1864,  f°r  one  year,  25th  Unattached,  as  corp.,  wounded  in  hand  at  Whitehall, 
dis.  June  29,  1865. 

Oliver  Younger,  mus.  June  26,  1861,  for  three  years,  i2th  R.,  Co.  K,  died  October 
7,  1861,  at  Darnestown,  Md.,  of  typhoid  fever. 

Stephen  J.  Younger,  mus.  December  10,  1861,  igth  R.,  Co.  B,  prom,  to  corp.,  one 
account  says  to  sergt,  June  i,  1864,  engaged  in  22  battles,  wounded  at  Antietam  and 
Cold  Harbor,  taken  prisoner  at  battle  of  Ream's  Station  and  confined  in  Libby  prison, 
dis.  June  30,  1865. 

William  II.  Younger,  mus.   December  9,  1864,  for  one  year,  dis.  June  29,  1865. 

James  A.  Zeigler,   mus.  September  15,  1862,  for  nine  months,  8th  R.,  Co.  G. 

In  July,  1863,  the  requisite  papers  having  been  obtained  from  the 
governor,  Jeremiah  R.  Cook,  Edward  Staten,  Allan  Rogers,  Edwin 
H.  Davis  and  Arthur  C.  Millett  were  authorized  to  recruit  a  company 
of  Heavy  Artillery  to  man  the  fortifications  then  being  erected  in 
town.  A  recruiting  office  was  opened  at  the  Armory  and  the  follow- 
ing were  mustered  into  the  United  States'  service : 

Jeremiah  R.  Cook,  Edward  Staten,  Allan  Rogers,  Edwin  H.  Davis, 
Arthur  C.  Millett,  A.  H.  Smith,  Jr.,  Samuel  K.  Friend,  Jr.,  Amos 
Andrews,  Thomas  L.  Parsons,  Charles  E.  Goodhue,  Charles  A. 
Staten,  George  Goodhue,  Samuel  C.  Douglass,  George  H.  Adams, 
Henry  Lufkin,  Abraham  Haskell,  John  C.  Stacy,  John  C.  Haskell, 
Samuel  M.  Haskell,  Frederick  Tarr,  Jr.,  Charles  W.  Tarr,  Addison 
Wonson,  George  A.  Babcock,  Henry  Pearce,  Joseph  H.  M.  Proctor, 
Moses  H.  Grimes,  William  H.  Oakes,  John  Clark,  Augustus  E. 
Story,  Charles  Rowe,  Winnerby  Parsons,  Theophilus  Woodbury, 
Albert  Morgan,  George  Harvey,  Andrew  Jackson,  Sargent  Lane, 
Wentworth  R.  Sargent,  Joseph  W.  Dennen,  Warren  Harvey,  Geo. 
G.  Wheeler,  Daniel  Webster,  Thomas  McGowan,  George  E.  An- 
drews, Abijah  Peabody,  Jr.,  Addison  G.  Burnham,  John  F.  Gold- 
smith, John  W.  Stone,  John  Pierce,  Jabez  Marchant,  Albert  E. 
Lufkin,  Jacob  W.  Bray,  Gustavus  Griffin,  Jr.,  Osgood  A.  Gordon, 


208  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Edwin  Ball,  George  H.  Capen,  Albert  Andrews,  Rufus  Andrews, 
Samuel  Sylvester,  3d,  Daniel  S.  Griffin,  E.  Gilbert  Winchester,  Addi- 
son  G.  Wheeler,  Russell  J.  Boynton,  Jr.,  Harrison  T.  Clark,  Lucian 
H.  Day,  David  E.  Miller.  A  sufficient  number  could  not  be 
obtained,  however,  to  recruit  the  company  to  the  maximum  standard 
and  the  company  was  disbanded.  Sixteen  of  the  men  joined  the 
Lynn  company  stationed  at  Fort  Warren. 

In  February,  1864,  the  following  persons  were  enlisted  here  by 
Brigade  Quarter  Master  W.  V.  Hutchings,  of  the  24th  Mass.,  for 
service  at  Port  Royal  as  carpenters  and  teamsters :  William  H. 
Young,  John  H.  Whidden,  John  Brazier,  2d,  John  Stewart,  Ignatius 
Winter,  James  K.  Winter,  David  B.  Winchester,  Andrew  P.  Lufkin, 
Edward  J.  Lufkin,  Zenas  Nickerson,  William  Earls  and  Thomas 
Lowry. 

James  McPherson  of  the  U.  S.  Gunboat  Verona,  was  killed  in  the 
engagements  with  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Phillip  below  New  Orleans, 
April  24,  1862. 

In  February,  1865,  the  following  persons  enlisted  for  the  Quarter- 
master Department  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  to  which  place  they  were 
taken  by  William  M.  Parrott,  quartermaster's  agent :  Isaac  W. 
Parsons,  George  S.  Nickerson,  James  B.  Nickerson,  George  E. 
Nickerson,  James  Nickerson,  John  M.  Parsons,  Henry  E.  Burke, 
Owen  Martin,  Henry  Hatcher,  James  Doolan,  James  Wilson,  Thos. 
Conley,  William  C.  Goodnow,  Alfred  Reed,  Joseph  Hinckley,  Geo. 
Hibbert.  Their  duties  were  as  teamsters  and  woodcutters. 

GEN.  JAMES  A.  CUNNINGHAM. 

Gen.  James  A.  Cunningham  assisted  in  recruiting  Co.  D,  of  the 
Thirty-Second  Regiment,  of  which  he  was  first  lieutenant.  During 
his  stay  at  Fort  Warren  in  the  winter  of  1862,  he  was  promoted  to 
the  command  of  Co.  F,  and  afterwards  to  Co.  H,  which  he  held  until 
June  29,  1864,  when  he  was  commissioned  major  of  the  Thirty- 
Second,  being  breveted  lieutenant-colonel,  September  30,  1864,  and 
breveted  colonel  April,  1865,  receiving  his  discharge  June  29,  1865. 
He  participated  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  at  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Mine  Run,  and  in  Grant's  campaign  up  to  the  cross- 
ing of  the  North  Anna  by  Griffin's  Division,  after  which  sickness 
compelled  a  leave  of  absence.  He  rejoined  the  regiment  and  was 
present  at  the  fights  at  Peeble's  Farm,  Weldon  Railroad  and  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  209 

final  campaign  against  Lee.  In  1865  he  was  elected  a  state  repre- 
sentative from  Gloucester,  receiving  nearly  double  the  vote  of  any 
other  candidate.  September  i,  1866,  he  was  breveted  brigadier- 
general,  and  December  17,  1866,  was  appointed  adjutant-general  of 
the  state  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  resigning  January  14, 
1879.  He  gained  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  rank  and  file  and  his 
natural  abilities  and  genial  qualities  won  hosts  of  friends.  At  the 
founding  of  the  Soldier's  Home  at  Chelsea,  April,  1882,  he  was 
appointed  superintendent,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death, 
July  17,  1892.  He  was  buried  with  imposing  ceremonies  from  the 
Universalist  church,  July  21,  prominent  military  men  in  the  state,  the 
surviving  members  of  Co.  D,  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  of 
which  he  was  a  member,  and  a  large  concourse  of  citizens  being 
present. 

LIST  OF  GLOUCESTER  SAILORS    WHO  SERVED  IN  THE  NAVY 
DURING  THE   CIVIL  WAR. 

George  Abbott,  trans,  from  Co.  L,  ist  H.  A.,  April  25,  1864,  to  gunboat  Daylight, 
dis.  1865. 

George  W.  Adams,  jr.,  served  on  Macedonian,  Com.  Jones,  Vandalia  and  Colorado, 
severely  injured  by  the  blowing  up  of  the  Com.  Jones,  had  various  promotions  and  was 
ist  lieut.  U.  S.  receiving  ship  Vandalia  in  1864. 

James  P.  Adams,  Robert  Airef,  William  Allen,  George  Allston,  Andrew  An- 
derson, jr.,  Charles  Anderson,  William  Anderson,  entered  service  on  board  U.  S. 

ship,  Niagara,  November  20,  1863,  for  three  years. 

John  Ayers,  entered  December  9,  1863,  on  U.  S.  ship  Niagara. 

John  Babcock,  Edwin  Babson,  Philip  A.  Babson,  Timothy  Bacon,  gunboat  Car- 

ondalet,  dis.  1864. 

Sylvanus  Bailey,  James  Barrett,  John  Barry,  entered  December  u,  1863,  on  the 

Niagara  for  three  years. 

Harvey  Harden.  James    V  Bartlett,  William  H.  Bates,  James  Bell.   William 

Bell,  entered  July  5,  1861,  as  gunner's  mate  on  the  Pensacola,  killed  at  the  taking  of 
New  Orleans,  after  13  months'  service. 

Andrew  Benson.  John  Blckford,  entered  service  January  2,  1862,  for  two  years  on 
board  of  Kearsage,  received  promotion  to  master's  mate.  Was  engaged  in  action  at 
sinking  of  rebel  privateer  Alabama  off  Cherbourg,  also  at  Cape  Fear.  Was  a  spy  on 
board  Confederate  privateer. 

George  BigClOW,  entered  July  3,  1861. 

James  Edgar,  able  seaman,    was  discharged  January  24,  1863. 

John  Black.     James  Blatcllford,  entered  service  May  30,  1861. 

Joseph  Blatcllford,  entered  May  30,  1861. 

Edward  D.  Bowman,  dis.  from  Co.  D,  32d  R.:  for  transfer  to  navy  on  board  U.  S. 
ship  New  Hampshire,  stationed  at  Port  Royal,  acting  quartermaster  and  other  offices  and 
was  discharged  April  28,  1865. 

James  Bowman,  entered  service  November  27,  1863,  on  Niagara  for  three  years. 

James    Bowden,   Thomas   F.   Bowden,  Charles   Brandt.  Alexander  'Bremer, 

entered  service  June  24,  1861,  on  steamer  Thomas  Freeborn,  was  engaged  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  under  Lieut.  Parker,  promoted  to  master  of  arms,  Potomac  flotilla. 

Andrew  BrOWIl,  entered  service  December  n,  1863,  for  three  years  on  Niagara. 

Henry  H.  Brown,  Alexander  Buchan.    Martin  V.  Burke,  entered  service  August 

12,  1862,  on  U.  S.  S.  Canandaigua,  engaged  at  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter,  April  i, 
1863,  under  Admiral  Dupont,  also  in  South  Atlantic  blockading  squadron,  was  discharged 
August  13,  1863. 


210  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Michael  Burns.     Robert  Burns,  entered  service  August  12,  1864. 

John  Cain,  James  Campbell,  Robert  Carle,  Charles  Carley,  Hiram  Carter, 
John  Carter,  Nathaniel  Carter.  James  Carson,  entered  service  June  18,  1861,  on 

Vincennes  and  was  discharged  August  25,  1862. 

Francis  Casey,  Peter  Caten.  Edward  B.  Center,  entered  service  May  6,  1861,  on 

frigate  Minnesota,  engagements,  Fort  Clark  and  Hatteress,  August  27  and  28,  1861  and 
with  the  rebel  ram  Merrimac,  discharged  April  3,  1862.  See  soldier's  record. 

Sturgis  Center,  entered  service  March  5,  1861,  for  three  years,  as  acting  master,  dis- 
charged September  14,  1866. 

William  B.  Center.     See  army  record. 

James  £.  Clancy,  George   Clark,    James    Cabin,  William   Coffee,    Thomas 

Colbert.  Samuel  V.  Colby,  entered  service,  May  27,  1861,  U.  S.  S.  Colorado,  as  sail- 
maker's  mate,  engagements:  captured  blockade  runner,  Calhoun,  destroyed  schooner 
Judith  and  naval  dry  dock  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  engaged  in  Gulf  blockade,  discharged  July 
3,  1862. 

Peter  Collins,  James  Conley.  James  Connor,  entered  service  December  23,  1861, 
on  flagship  Hartford,  discharged  December  15,  1863. 

Richard  Cormick.  Charles  F.  CrOWCll,  entered  service  November  13,  1863,  on 
Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Rnfus  Cunningham. 

John  Daniels.    Llewellyn  Daniels,  entered  service  May  30,  1861. 
Andrew  Darley.     Albert  A.  Davis,  acting  ensign,  gunboat  Niphon. 
Charles  H.   Davis.  John  Davis,  jr.  (?),  gunboat  Maritana,  discharged  1865. 

Joseph  Davis,  Francis  B.  Davis,  George    II.   S.  Davis,  Thomas   Davis,  William 

Davis.  George  H.  Davidson  Or  Davison,  enlisted  for  three  years,  on  gunboat  Sebago, 
discharged  March,  1865. 

Orman  S.  Davis,  mus.  June  15,  1864,  for  three  years,  on  board  the  U.  S.  S.  Saco, 
holding  roving  commission,  transferred  to  the  Samuel  Ratan  and  Vanderbilt,  discharged 
June  27,  1867. 

Nathaniel  T.  Davis,  entered  service  in  1864,  on  Alabama,  engaged  at  Fort  Fisher  and 
the  capture  and  blockade  service  off  Wilmington  until  close  of  war.  See  also  military 
record. 

Pliny  Davison,  entered  service  September  2,  1864,  in  two  engagements  at  Fort  Fisher, 
also  in  North  Atlantic  squadron,  discharged  November  15,  1865. 

David  S.  Day,  U.  S.  S.  William  G.  Anderson,  and  U.  S.  schooner,  William  S.  Baker, 
on  the  Gulf  squadron. 

Leonard  G.  Day,  entered  service  January  8,  1862,  on  U.S.  S.  Vermont,  discharged 
July  23,  1862,  for  disability. 

Leonard  A.  Day,  entered  service  August  19,  1864. 

John  W.  Delaiiey.  Frank  H.  Dennis,  entered  service  October  ii,  1861,  on  the 
Wabash,  engaged  at  Port  Royal,  Charleston,  Pacatalaga,  Sumter,  South  Atlantic, 
Charleston,  Morris  Island,  promoted  to  able  seaman  and  quarter  gunner,  discharged 
October,  1864. 

William  Denny.  Joshua  DC  la  Hayes,  entered  service  August  i,  1866,  on  steamer 
Lawrence,  discharged  April,  1870. 

Patrick  Devine,  entered  service  November  20,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Thomas  Dolan.  George  L.  Doiliver,  entered  service  January  26,  1861,  served  on 
ships,  Pensacola,  Sachem  and  Diana  at  New  Orleans  and  Galveston,  killed  on  gunboat 
Diana  in  Berwick  bay,  off  Brazier  City,  La.,  March  28,  1863. 

8.  F.  Doiliver,  entered  service  November  24,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Jeremiah  Donavan,  Oliver  Donavan,  William  Donahue.  John  Donnelly,  entered 

service  November  25,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Michael  Donnelly,  James  Doolcn,  James  C.  Douglass,  James  Downing,  James 
Doyle,  Patrick  Doyle,  Timothy  Driscoll.  William  Duggan,  entered  service  Novem- 
ber to,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Patrick  Duggan.  Angus  Duncassen,  entered  service  November  28,  1863,  f°r  three 
years,  on  Niagara. 

James  Duncan.  Henry  J.  Dunn,  entered  service  December  20,  1864,  as  ensign  on 
ship  Calypso,  discharged  September  18,  1865. 

John  Dunn.     See  military  record. 

George  R.  Durant,  Albert  Dwyer. 

E.  Eaton.  George  Elder,  entered  service  July  i,  1864,  on  ship  Sabine,  discharged 
1865,  for  disability. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  211 

William  Eldridge,  entered  service  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  Niagara. 

Augustus  I*.  Ellis,  entered  service  August  4,  1864. 

Kphraim  W.  KlWCll,  entered  service  June  29,  1861,  ship  Resolute,  served  on  the 
Potomac  and  Rappahannock  rivers,  discharged  June  27,  1863. 

William  Elwell.  Zeno  1*.  Elwell,  entered  service  January  6,  1862,  on  ship  Hartford, 
Fort  Jackson,  Fort  St.  Philips,  Vicksburg,  Chalmette  batteries,  Port  Hudson,  discharged 
at  Brooklyn  navy  yard. 

George  il.  Emerson,  I,.  G.  Emerson,  George  K.  Emery,  John  English,  John 
Emerson. 

Alex.  Falconer.  Robert  Falmer,  entered  the  service  November  21,  1863,  for  three 
years  on  Niagara. 

John  Feeney,  David  Kendall.  Thomas  Fernald,  Clement  Ferrill,  William 
Fenill,  Henry  Flefleld,  Charles  F.  Field,  S.  S.  Savannah. 

James  Field,  Steamer  Iron  Age. 

DailU'l  Fielding,  entered  service  December  3,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

James  B.  Firth,  entered  service  March  10,  1862,  for  two  years,  served  on  gunboat 
Mound  City,  engagements,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Vicksburg,  Banks'  expedition  up  Red 
River,  etc.  Discharged  May,  1864. 

Anthony  W.  Fish,  Kiehard  H.  Fisher,  Martin  Flske,  Edward  Fitzgerald,  Patrick 
Fitzpatrick,  John  Thin,  Ed  Flagg,  Calvin  Florence,  Barnard  Foley,  Michael  Foley, 
Benjamin  Folsom,  John  Ford,  Henry  Forrest,  Dennis  Forristal,  Henry  Foster, 
Stephen  Fowler,  John  Francis,  Barton  Freeman.  John  Freighton,  entered  service 

for  three  years  on  board  Niagara. 

Samuel  Friend,  entered  service  October  10,  1861,  on  board  ships  Fernando  and 
Clifton,  engagements,  capture  of  New  Orleans,  Fort  St.  Philip,  Jackson,  Galveston, 
Grand  Gulf,  Vicksburg,  promoted  to  quartermaster,  February,  1862,  captured  at  Sabine 
Pass,  September,  1863,  prisoner  17  months,  dis.  May  28,  1865. 

Patrick  Gafiney,  Daniel  (.ah in.  Thomas  Gambarn,  Thomas  B.  Ganion.    Free- 

born  Garrison,  enlisted  November   16,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 
John  Gardes,  enlisted  November  25,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 
John  Garland,  enlisted  November  25,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  Niagara. 
William  Gartland,  enlisted  November  25,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

William  Gaul,  William  J.   Gerry,  William   Gifford,  James  Gilbert.  William 

Giles,  enlisted  1861,  ship  Kearsarge. 

Edward  Gillman,  Daniel  Gleason.  James  Gleason,  enlisted  November  12,  1863, 

for  three  years  on  Niagara. 

John  Giynn.  James  Goodwin,  enlisted  May  31,1861. 

Patrick  Gorman,  Daniel   Goslen.  John  Graham,  enlisted  April  22,   1861,    ship 

Minnesota,  discharged  April  21,  1864. 

Stephen  Grant.  Joseph  Green,  entered  service  April  15,  1862,  sloop  of  war 
Jamestown,  dis.  October  15,  1864. 

William  G.  Green,  Ebenezer  Greenleaf,  Fred  F.  Green.  Allen  B.  Griffin,  entered 

service  December,  1861,  gunboat  Chocorua,  discharged  December  4,  1863. 

Fit/  E.  Griffin,  entered  service  September  19,  1864,  served  on  ships  G.  W.  Blunt, 
Hope,  New  Hampshire,  and  in  South  Atlantic  squadron,  discharged  September  26, 
1865,  see  also  military. 

John  Griffin,  Lawrence  Griffin.  George  E.  GrOttO,  entered  service  January  8,  1862, 
and  served  on  ships  Restless,  Vermont  and  San  Jacinto,  discharged  April  26,  1864. 

George  E.  Groobs,  see  Grotto. 

George  W.  Hall,  entered  the  service  October  n,  1861,  U.  S.  Frigate  Minnesota, 
participated  in  the  engagements  at  Hampton  Roads,  March  8  and  9,  1862,  Wilmington, 
N.  C.,  1862,  discharged  October  n,  1863,  expiration  of  term  of  service. 

James  Hamblillg.  John  P.  C.  HaWSOn,  enlisted  December  i,  1863,  for  three  years 
on  Niagara. 

James  Harrington,  enlisted  November  28,  1863,  for  three  years  on  Niagara. 

John  Harrington,  AmOS  C.  Harris,  entered  service  September  19,  1861,  on  ship 
Bermuda,  dis.  September  18,  1864. 

John  F.  Harris.  Henry  P.  Harrison,  entered  service  for  two  years,  June  21,  1861, 
ship  Minnesota,  participated  in  engagement  with  rebel  ram  Merrimack  at  Hampton 
Roads,  and  at  Fort  Hatteras,  discharged  June  20,  1863. 

James  L.  Hart,  entered  service  August  8,  1861,  on  U.  S.  S.  Fear  Not,  also  on  gun- 
boat Sciota,  then  again  to  Fear  Not,  engagements,  Fort  Jackson,  Fort  St.  Philip, 
New  Orleans,  bombardment  of  Grand  Gulf,  discharged  August  7,  1862. 


212  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Frank  Harvey,  enlisted  1861. 

CyrUS  A.  Haskell,  master's  mate,  frigate  Savannah. 

Edward  B.  Hasey.  Forbes  B.  Haskell,  entered  service  September  10,  1861,  for 
one  year  as  a  boy,  and  on  June  13,  1863,  was  commissioned  as  master's  mate,  served  on 
barque  Kingfisher,  barque  Release  and  steamer  Hougnah,  engaged  at  St.  Mark's,  Florida 
and  with  ironclad  ram  off  Cape  Fear  river,  N.  C.,also  at  both  attacks  on  Fort  Fisher 
and  at  various  batteries  along  the  coast  in  that  vicinity. 

Otis  L.  Haskell,  entered  service  January  27,  1865,  for  the  war,  acting  ensign,  U.  S. 
gunboat  Delaware  on  the  James  and  Potomac  rivers,  engaged  in  a  number  of  conflicts 
with  rebel  artillery,  assisted  in  cutting  out  a  vessel  at  Marshfield  on  the  James,  and  in  the 
removal  of  torpedoes  and  obstructions  on  the  same  river.  At  the  front  at  the  capture 
of  Petersburg  in  command  of  sailors,  and  took  charge  of  several  thousand  rebel  pris- 
oners, taking  them  to  City  Point.  Also  secured  valuable  papers  at  Richmond,  for  which 
he  received  a  letter  of  thanks  from  the  secretary  of  the  navy,  discharged  June  10,  1865. 

Hugh  H.  Heenay,  born  in  New  Orleans,  entered  service  December,  1862,  on  frigates 
Minnesota  and  Niagara,  discharged  September  29,  1865. 

Patrick  Heenay,  Thomas  Hedley,  Michael  Hendershan,  Philip  P.  Henshan, 
Richard  Herring,  Lewis  Holey.  Charles  A.  Romans,  entered  service  February, 

1864,  was  acting   ensign,  division    officer   and  sailing  master  of  gunboat   Com.    Jones, 
engaged  in  several  skirmishes  up  York  river,  first  attack  on  Fort  Powhatan  on  the  James, 
at  Medford  Haven,  at  Severn  with  the   guerrillas,  at   Mobjack    bay.  served  on  blockade 
duty  in  North  Carolina  blockade  squadron  from  the   Chesapeake  to  Yorktown,  York  and 
James  rivers  and  Mobjack  bay,  discharged  from   Norfolk    Marine   hospital  in  February, 

1865,  as  unfit  for  further  service,  having  been  seriously  injured  by  an  explosion  at   York- 
town  in  May,  1864,  while  landing  fixed  ammunition  after  the  evacuation  of  West  Point  on 
York  river,  causing  concussion  of  the  brain. 

A.  B.  Hoyt,  John  P.  Hoyt.  James  Hubbard,  enlisted  on  the  Niagara,  December 
II,  1863,  for  three  years. 

James  E.  Hubby,  Philip  A.  Hurskman.   James  Hussey,  enlisted  on  the  Niagara, 

November  21,  1863,  for  three  years. 

Charles  Ingersoll. 

Nathan  M.  JaCkman,  entered  service  June  17,  1861,  for  one  year,  on  ship  Potomac, 
rated  as  carpenter's  mate,  engaged  along  the  coast  from  New  York  to  Mexico,  discharged 
August  25,  1862. 

James  F.  Jeffs,  William  Jenkins.   Samuel  Johns,  enlisted  June,  1861,  on  ship 

North  Carolina,  re-enlisted  August  9,   1864,  on   gunboat   Kittatinning,  stone  cutter,   final 
discharge  as  petty  officer,  October  17,  1865. 

Charles  Johnson,  Francis  H.  Johnson.  Henry  A.  Johnson,  boatswain's  mate  on 

ship  Wabash,  served  four  years,  nine  months,  when  discharged. 

John  Johnson,  enlisted  on  Niagara  November  23,  1863,  for  three  years. 

Matthias  Johnson,  entered  service  November  13,  1861,  on  flagship  Hartford,  for  two 
years,  served  in  Gulf  squadron,  discharged  March  27,  1862. 

Olof  Johnson,  entered  service  for  three  years,  in  1861,  served  on  sloop-of-war,  Con- 
stellation on  blockade  service,  discharged  January  26,  1865. 

Thomas  Johnson,  entered  service  August  20,  1861,  on  ships  Varunna  and  Jamestown, 
re-enlisted  November  25,  1863,  on  Niagara,  for  three  years,  discharged  November  23, 
1862,  at  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  hospital,  wounded  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  in  the 
right  shoulder  by  a  shell,  discharged  from  the  Niagara,  September,  1864,  for  disability, 
was  in  the  navy  as  early  as  1858  on  the  Sabine. 

Fred  Jordan,  enlisted  November  20,  1863,  f°r  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

William  Keiff,  enlisted  May,  30,1861. 

Bamett  Kenna,  enlisted  November,  1861,  for  three  years,  as  quarter-master  on  the 
ships  Brooklyn,  Sebago,  Savannah,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  engaged  at  New  Orleans, 
Mobile,  Fort  Fisher,  discharged  February,  1866,  for  disability. 

Bamett  Kenny,  enlisted  March  3,  1865,  served  on  the  Brooklyn  and  Sebago,  engaged 
at  New  Orleans,  Fort  Morgan,  Fort  Gaines  and  Fort  Fisher,  discharged  January  24, 

1866,  from  U.  S.  Vandalia. 

Thomas  Kennedy.  W.  C.  Kermer,  enlisted  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  on 
the  Niagara. 

Joseph  Kimball,  Charles  King,  James  Kingsley.    Bennis  Kulger,  enlisted  May 

30,  1861. 

Michael  Landaser,  James  Landry.  Albert  Lane,  enlisted  fall  of  1861,  U.  S.  S. 
Lewis,  discharged  from  ship  Princeton,  November  18,  1864. 


fffS TOR  Y  OF  GLO UCES TER.  2 1 3 

M.  Lailt',  entered  service  1861,  on  U.  S.  S.  San  Jacinto,  quartermaster  on  the 
Dacotah,  discharged  in  1864. 

OrlillUlO  B.  Lane,  enlisted  January  19,  1861,  for  two  years,  on  Ohio  and  Chocorua, 
engaged  at  the  taking  of  Yorktown  and  all  the  way  up  to  White  House  landing,  dis- 
charged January  n,  1863,  at  naval  hospital,  Virginia. 

Robert  Lane,  enlisted  1861,  on  ship  Hartford. 

Rodney  Lane.    Francis  Lceman,  enlisted  August  12,  1864,  for  two  years. 

Charles  IL.  Lcighton.    Frederick  Lindman,  enlisted  November  29,  1861,  on  St. 

Louis,  discharged  November  21,  1864,  cruised  from  place  to  place  to  protect  American 
subjects  and  shipping. 

Peter  Lewis,  enlisted  November  23,  1863,  on  the  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Thomas  Lewis.  Samuel  Llndberg,  enlisted  May  24,  1864,  for  two  years,  engaged  at 
Fort  Morgan,  Mobile  Bay,  West  Gulf  squadron,  discharged  December  16,  1864,  for  disa- 
bility. 

Fred  Lindman,  enlisted  November  29,  1861,  on  St.  Louis,  for  two  years,  served  three 
years  as  able  seaman  on  foreign  stations,  discharged  November  21,  1864. 

George  LockWOOd,  enlisted  November  30,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

William  W.  Lord.  William  Lower}',  enlisted  November  13,  1863,  for  three  years, 
on  the  Niagara. 

Peter  Lowry,  enlisted  December  3,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

Edward  Lutkill,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

James  LyilCh.  John  LyilCh,  enlisted  January  r,  1862,  for  two  years,  served  on  the 
Hartford,  engaged  in  the  taking  of  New  Orleans,  Fort  St.  Philip,  Port  Hudson,  Vicks- 
burg,  etc. 

Robert  Long,  enlisted  April,  i86i,for  three  years,  served  on  gunboat  Kabb. 

William  Mackey.  Thomas  Mahoney,  enlisted  November  6,  1863,  for  three  years,  on 
the  Niagara. 

Thomas  Mailey,  Mark  Manuel,  Alonzo  Merchant.    James  R.  Marchant,  served 

15  months  on  the  Hartford,  discharged  1873,  for  disability.     See  army  record. 

James  W.  Marchant,  enlisted  August  15,  1864,  on  ship  Jonquil,  engaged  at  siege  of 
Charleston,  discharged  August  5,  1865.  See  army  record. 

John  C.  Mars,  Joseph  Marshall.    Levi  Marshall,  enlisted  November  7,  1863. 

Robert  Marshall,  I  riah  P.  Marshall,  Francis  Martin,  John  Martin,  Richard 
Martin.  Stephen  J.  Martin,  enlisted  April  2,  1864,  for  one  year,  was  quartermaster, 
served  on  the  ship  Circassian  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  to  the  Rio 
Grande,  engaged  at  Mobile,  taking  of  Fort  Morgan,  Fort  Gaines,  was  pilot  of  Circassian 
while  searching  for  rebel  privateer  Florida,  discharged  May  28,  1865. 

Thomas  F.  Martin,  enlisted  November  1861,  on  barque  Arthur,  discharged  1864. 

Thomas  Mason,  Alphonso  Matthews.    Samuel   L.  Matthews,   enlisted  December 

ii,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  ship  Niagara. 

G.  M.  L.  McCarty.  John  McCarty,  enlisted  November  21,  1863,  for  three  years,  on 
Niagara. 

Daniel  McDonald.    A.  McDonald,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Domillick   McDonald,  enlisted  May  30.  1861. 

Edward  McDonald.     Hugh  McDonald,  served  on  the  Kearsage. 
James  McDonald.    Rory  McDonald,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 
Stephen  McDonald.  Thomas  McDonald.  Bryan  McDonough,  Michael  McDonough, 
Allen  McFall,  William  McGale,  James  McGown.    James  McGrath,  entered  service 

April  22,  1861,  as  quartermaster,  served  on  gunboat  Union  for  eight  months,  transferred 
to  Brooklyn  after  taking  of  New  Orleans,  afterwards  transferred  to  ship  Richmond,  dis- 
charged June  24,  1864,  engaged  at  New  Orleans. 

Donne  11   Mclnnis,  Charles   Mclntosh,  Donald  Mclsaac,  John   .McKay,  William 

McKeildry.  David  B.  McKenzle,  acting  master  gunboat  Tritonia,  served  on  James 
river,  promoted  to  acting  ensign. 

James  McKenzle,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Robert  McKenzie,  enlisted  October  4,  1862,  on  ships  Onward  and  Lodona.  foreign 
and  home  service,  acting  master,  resigned  May  2,  18615. 

George  McLane,  William  McMullen,  James  McNeil.    Donald  McPherson,  killed 

in  action  during  the  capture  of  New  Orleans,  April  24,  1862. 

Lorenzo  Marchant,  enlisted  September  13,  1861,  on  barque  Roebuck,  engaged  at 
Fort  Fisher  and  Fort  Royal,  discharged  May  27,  1865,  a  part  of  this  period  of  service 
was  as  a  soldier  in  the  izth  N.  Y.  battery,  during  which  time  he  was  engaged  at  Gettys- 
burg and  Kelly's  Ford. 


214  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Samuel  Merchant,  acting  ensign  on  U.  S.  Dirigo. 

Andrew  E.  Miller,  Thomas   Miller,  James  Mitchell.    James   Moody,  enlisted 

May  30,  1861. 

James  M.  MOOdy,  enlisted  April  5,  1861,  for  one  year,  on  Pensacola  (?)  in  Gulf  squad- 
ron, discharged  June  28,  1862. 

John  D.  Morris,  enlisted  April,  1861,  on  Niagara,  engaged  in  blockade  service,  Gulf 
squadron,  assisted  in  taking  a  ship  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  discharged  June  23,  1862. 

James  Morrison,  Peter  Morrison.  Richard  Morrison,  John  Miller,  George  P. 
Munsey,  Andrew  Murphy.  James  Murphy,  enlisted  September  16,  1864,  for  two 

years. 

Thomas  Murphy,  enlisted  July,  1863,  on  New  Ironsides,  engaged  at  Fort  Sumter, 
Fort  Wagner,  Fort  Craig,  Battery  Bee,  Moultrie,  discharged  July  9,  1864. 

John  3Iurray. 

Edwin  Nelson,  John  A.  Nelson,  Neil  Nelson.  Alfred  Nickerson,  enlisted  Novem- 
ber 18,  1864,  for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

Morris  II.  Nolan,  enlisted  1862,  on  the  Vandalia.     See  Army  record. 

Francis  Norton,  enlisted  September  3,  1865,  f°r  two  years. 

Peter  Norton,  enlisted  June  9,  1861,  served  on  ships  Cumberland  and  St.  Lawrence, 
engaged  at  bombardment  of  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark  in  1861,  naval  engagement  at 
James  river  March  8,  1862,  promoted  to  signal  master. 

Walter  C.  Odiorne.    Alex.  Orcut,  gunboat  Sciota. 
Frederick  Ordway,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Charles  H.  Ome,    enlisted  May    22,    1861,    on   ship    Wm.   G.  Anderson,   discharged 
November  7,  1863. 
John  Paige,  drowned  at  New  Inlet,  August  12,  1863. 

Charles  Pape,  Charles  H.  Parker.  John  Parker,  term  of  service  expired  in 
1865. 

John  Pearce.  Joseph  N.  Perry,  enlisted  November  18,  1863,  for  three  years,  on 
the  Niagara. 

Lars  G.  Peterson,  enlisted  April  2,  1864,  for  three  years,  on  frigate  Sabine. 

William  H.  Pinkham,  Charles  Pitman,  William  H.  Place.    Homer  H.  Pomeroy, 

enlisted  August,  1862,  on  ship  Iron  Side,  for  one  year,  discharged  September  18,  1863. 
James  Pomeroy,  enlisted  August,  1862,  for  one  year,  discharged  October,  1863. 

Edward  Poor,  Edward  Powers. 
Thomas  Rachett,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Thomas  Ralph,  enlisted  May  30,  1861,  served  on  the   Colorado,    enlisted  in   Co.  G, 
8th  R.,  M.  V.  I.,  August  or  September,  1862.     See  soldier's  record. 
-  Ramsey,  on  U.  S.  S.  Portsmouth. 

Benjamin  F.  Randall.    James  Randall,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Daniel  Ready.  AVHIiam  Reblill,  enlisted  July,  1861,  for  two  years,  engaged  in  battle 
of  Hatteras  Inlet,  the  first  naval  engagement  of  the  war,  Forts  Hatteras  and  Clark, 
engagement  with  the  iron  clad  Merrimac,  at  the  sinking  of  the  Cumberland,  the  first 
engagement  between  a  wooden  frigate  and  an  iron  clad  in  any  war,  discharged  in  May, 
1862,  for  good  conduct  in  battle. 

Charles  A.  Reed,  enlisted  November,  1861,  on  ship  Kearsarge,  discharged  November 
1864,  died  at  Marine  hospital,  New  York  in  May,  1865. 

John  Reed,  John  Reeves.  George  Reily,  enlisted  December  18,  1863,  on  the 
Niagara,  for  three  years. 

William  E.  Remington.  Joshua  M.  RiggS,  enlisted  Januarys,  1861,  fortwo  years 
and  not  exceeding  five,  served  on  ships  Vermont  and  Keystone  State,  was  one  of  the 
crew  of  the  second  cutter,  which  took  several  prizes  off  Charleston  and  was  in  the  fight 
with  the  rebel  ram  off  Charleston  when  45  men  were  lost. 

George  Riley,  William  S.  Rittel,  Dennis  Roberts.    Jonathan   Roberts,   enlisted 

May  30,  1 86 1. 

James    Robinson,  Joseph   Robinson,  John   Roller,  Owen   Roundy.    Manuel 

Russell,  enlisted  November  27,  1863,  on  the  Niagara,  for  three  years. 

Thomas  II.  Russell,  Charles  II.  Ryan,  Martin  Ryan.    John   T.  Russell,   enlisted 

February  4,  1862,  for  three  years,  was  on  steamer  R.  B.  P'orbes  at  the  time  of  her  loss, 
rescued  by  tow  boat  and  put  on  board  flagship  Roanoke  in  Hampton  Roads,  participated 
in  first  engagement  with  the  ram  Merrimac  in  Hampton  Roads  in  March,  1862,  was  in 
Burnside's  expedition  on  U.  S.  S.  Com.  Perry  at  the  taking  of  Roanoke  Island  and 
Elizabeth  City,  also  in  19  other  engagements,  the  principal  of  which  were  Franklin  and 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  215 

Blackwater,  October  3,  1862,  then  transferred  to  steamer  Miami,  was  in  engagements 
with  the  ram  Albermarle,  discharged  February  3,  1865,  re-enlisted  next  day  for  two  years, 
promoted  to  sailmaker'smue,  discharged  as  captain's  coxswain,  December,  1865. 

THOMAS  Reese,  credited  to  Boston,  enlisted  May  23,  i86r,  August  4,  1862,  and 
October  13,  1863,  discharged  July  u,  1862,  from  ship  North  Carolina,  September  8, 
1863,  and  November  30,  1865. 

George  D.  Sanborn.    Henry  S.  Sadler,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 
James  S.  Sadler.    William  Sadler,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

James  T.  Seaver,  enlisted  January,  1862,  served  on  ships  Vincennes  and  Phillippi, 
of  the  West  Gulf  squadron,  acting  master.  Engagements,  Fort  Morgan,  Mobile,  steamer 
destroyed  by  the  guard  from  Fort  Morgan. 

James  Smith,  enlisted  November  25,  1861,  for  two  years,  on  the  North  Carolina, 
discharged  April  6,  1863,  for  disability,  from  ship  Ohio. 

James  Smith.  John  Smith,  enlisted  October  14,  1864,  on  ship  Saccacus,  discharged 
September,  1865. 

Lev!  Smith,  Thomas  Smith.    David  F.  Snow,  enlisted  May  30,  1861. 

Ralph  E.  Snow.  Charles  F.  Somes,  entered  service  October  30,  1862,  served  on 
frigate  Tohomar,  Tioga,  Dunbarton  and  schooner  Wanderer,  master's  mate  and  acting 
ensign,  discharged  March,  1865,  for  disability. 

George  Sarenson,  enlisted  August  19,  1864. 

Calvin  Soule,  George  H.  Southwick,  Granville  S.  Spofford,  Arnold  Sprague, 
James  F.  Stevens,  Minot  Stevens,  Nathaniel  S.  Stevens,  Robert  Stephens,  alias 

Robert  Welch.  Charles  Stewart,  enlisted  November  25,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  the 
Niagara. 

Alex.  Stlnson,  Hawley  Stone,  Samuel  Sloane,  William  Strickland,  Edward  M. 
Strong,  Henry  Stumbles,  Daniel  E.  Sullivan,  Dennis  Sullivan.  Edward  Sullivan, 

enlisted  November  7,  1863.  on  the  Niagara. 

Michael  Swan.  John  Swenson,  enlisted  July  22,  1864,  for  three  years,  on  ship  Cow- 
slip, engagements,  West  Gulf  squadron,  battle  of  Fort  Morgan,  Fort  Spanish,  Mobile 
Bav,  discharged  July  27,  1867.  credited  to  Roxbury. 

John  Swift,  Amos  Sampson.    Makepeace  Sanford,  enlisted  September  16,  1864. 
Philip  Sargent,  Simeon  Sargent.    Henry  Saunders,  enlisted  November  20,  1863, 

for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

Charles  A.  Sawyer,  enlisted  1864,  on  ship  Fernandina,  acting  ensign,  served  in  South 
Atlantic  squadron,  discharged  December  25,  1865. 

James  G.  Sawin,  John  Saxton.    Edward  X.  Scammel,  enlisted  March,  1863,  for 

three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

John  Scanlan,  Coleman  Schoffleld,  James  Scott.  William  Scott,  enlisted  Sep- 
tember 14, 1864. 

John  H.  Sewall,  Andrew  Shannon,  James  Shannon,  Michael  Shaft,  James 
Shepherd,  John  Shepherd,  John  Sheridan,  Andrew  Shove,  John  F.  Sinnott,  John 

1).  Silver,  Manuel  M.  Silver.  Thomas  Simms,  enlisted  May  i,  (861,  for  one  year, 
served  on  ship  Preblc  with  blockade  squadron  at  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  discharged 
August,  1862. 

Charles  Smith,  served  on  the  Wabash. 

Christian  Smith,  served  on  Kearsarge,  entered  service  in  1861. 

George  A.  Smith,  term  expired  in  1865. 

George  M.  Smith,  enlisted  June  7,  1864,  served  on  ships  Fort  Donelson  and  Clerk. 

James  Smith,  enlisted  November  25,  1861,  served  on  ship  Norwich  and  others, 
engagements,  taking  of  Fort  Pulaski,  Savannah;  took  prizes  off  Charlestown  and  up 
Georgetown  river,  discharged  April  6,  1863,  for  disability. 

Albert  Tarr,  enlisted  May  6.  iS6i,  for  one  year  on  ship  Massachusetts. 

Robert  Tarr,  enlisted  January  19,  1862,  sailing  master,  lieutenant  and  lieutenant 
commanding,  served  on  ships  North  Carolina,  gunboats  Uncas  and  Sachem,  sloop 
Mohican,  gunboats  Isaac  Smith,  Adelia  and  Queen  in  the  North  and  South  Atlantic 
squadrons;  commanded  gunboat  Queen  for  two  years,  discharged  at  New  York  Decem- 
ber 15,  1866,  at  his  own  request,  and  received  the  thanks  of  the  Department  for  services 
rendered.  Engagements,  Fort  Sumter,  forts  at  St.  Simon's  Sounds,  Georgia,  Yellow 
Bluffs,  St.  John's  River,  Fla. ,  Mobile  Bay,  Carney  Creek,  Texas,  in  fact,  in  all  the 
engagements  from  'Port  Royal  to  the  Rio  Grande,  with  the  exception  of  New  Orleans, 
Port  Royal  and  Hatteras  Inlet.  Took  part  in  suppressing  riot  in  New  York  city  July  12, 
13  and  14,  1863;  was  the  bearer  of  dispatches  to  Lincoln  from  Sherman  on  his  march  to 
the  sea. 


216  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Benjamin  W.  Taylor,  Henry  Taylor.    John  W.   Taylor,   enlisted  November   27 

1863,  for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

William  H.  Teeling,  Edward  Thayer.    James  Thomas,  jr.,  ship  Alabama. 

John  Thomas,  enlisted  December  3,   1863,  for  three  years,  on  the  Niagara. 

Samuel  S.  Thomas,  William  Thomas,   Howard  Thompson,  James  Thompson. 

John  D.  Thompson,  enlisted  September  16,  1864,  for  two  years. 

John  TOOlC,  enlisted  May,  1864,  served  on  ships  Niagara,  Wabash,  Miami  and 
Monadnock,  discharged  July  21,  1865,  from  naval  hospital  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  at  the 
battle  of  Fort  Fisher,  while  on  board  the  Monadnock  was  wounded  in  the  foot  which  was 
subsequently  amputated  from  the  instep. 

Peter   TontCl,  enlisted  May,  1862,  ship  Portsmouth,  discharged  May,  1865. 

Frank  W.  Townsend,  enlisted  on  Niagara,  November  16,  1863,  f°r  three  years. 

Elkanah   Thrasher,  William  Trask.    James  H.   Trevoy,  enlisted  December  i, 

1861,  ship  Brooklyn,  for  two  years. 

Norman  A.  Tuckerman.    James  W.  Turner,  enlisted  May  31,  1861,  served  on  ships 

Pensacola,  Ohio,  and  North  Carolina,  in  the  blockade  service,  discharged  May  30,  1862, 
for  disability,  was  in  naval  hospital. 

William   Turner,  enlisted  November  19,  1863,  for  three  years,  on  ship  Niagara. 

George   Twiss,  Andrew  Tyrell.     George  Wr.  Thurston,  enlisted  and  served  on 

ships  Princeton  and  Pontiac,  served  in  South  Atlantic  squadron  in  all  the  engagements 
during  the  command  of  Admiral  Farragut. 

Wifliam  Vrquhart,  enlisted  1861,  for  one  year,  on  sloop  of  war  Marion,  served  in 
blockading  southern  ports,  discharged  1862,  see  also  army  record. 

William  Urquhart.  Alexander  Urqilhart,  enlisted  1861,  for  three  years,  on  ship 
Sciota,  served  in  the  Gulf  squadron  and  in  taking  of  forts  on  the  Mississippi  and  in  all 
engagements  under  Farragut,  discharged  in  1865. 

Peter  Vaugh.    Fred  T.  Volchino. 

FALLEN  SOLDIERS— PUBLIC  MEMORIALS. 

But  few  of  the  men  from  Cape  Ann  who  fell  on  the  field  of  battle 
were  brought  home  for  burial.  The  great  majority  sleep  where  they 
fell.  During  the  first  year  of  the  struggle  none  of  the  local  soldiery 
were  sacrificed. 

Thomas  Butler,  of  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment,  was  accidentally 
killed  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  while  handling  a  musket,  this  being  the 
first  casualty  from  the  town's  quota. 

William  Morey,  of  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 
and  Charles  H.  Gray,  of  Co.  A,  were  the  .first  Gloucester  men  who 
fell  in  action,  being  killed  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  March  14,  1862. 
Morey  was  a  native  of  the  town  and  Gray  was  born  in  Deer  Isle, 
Maine. 

Lieut.  Westover  Greenleaf  of  Co.  C,  Twenty-third  Regiment, 
died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  in  August,  1862,  from  the  effects  of  a 
sunstroke,  breathing  his  last  in  the  arms  of  Capt.  Edward  A. 
Story.  He  was  one  of  the  three  months'  men,  enlisting  in  Co.  G  at 
the  call  to  arms  and  subsequently  re-enlisting  for  three  years.  His 
body  was  brought  home  and  buried  with  great  solemnity  from 
the  Universalist  church,  October  24,  it  being  the  first  public  funeral 
of  a  deceased  soldier.  A  large  concourse,  comprising  many  of  the 
prominent  people  of  the  town,  attended  the  obsequies. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  217 

The  following  Sunday  the  funeral  of  another  soldier,  Joseph  J.  S. 
Morgan,  was  made  the  occasion  of  a  public  demonstration  of  mourn- 
ing. He  was  fatally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  having 
lain  three  clays  and  nights  on  the  battlefield  before  receiving  atten- 
tion and  died  October  8,  1862,  in  the  hospital  at  Fredericksburg. 

The  people  of  Gloucester  have  not  been  backward  in  testifying 
their  appreciation  of  the  soldier  in  substantial  memorials  that  shall 
proclaim  to  future  generations  his  many  virtues. 

EAST  GLOUCESTER. 

The  monument  at  Mt.  Pleasant  cemetery,  East  Gloucester,  was 
the  first  of  the  kind  erected  on  Cape  Ann.  It  is  a  symmetrically 
modelled  shaft,  20  feet,  5  inches  high,  and  stands  in  the  center  of  the 
grounds.  It  was  dedicated  with  much  ceremony,  May  27,  1868. 
Following  is  the  inscription  : 

"  In  memory  of  the  men  from  East  Gloucester,  who  lost  their  lives 
in  the  Rebellion  of  1861-1867." 

Names  inscribed  are :  Thomas  Butler,  Ira  W.  Greenleaf,  George 
Nichols,  Richard  J.  Powers,  Thomas  Ralph,  Henry  Blatchford, 
George  Hutchins,  Calvin  Patterson,  George  McKeen,  Mathew 
Vasconcellos,  Joseph  P.  Wonson,  James  Gray,  Hiram  Varney,  Frank 
Stanton,  Francis  Marmo. 

The  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument  on  the  City  Hall  grounds 
was  erected  through  the  efforts  of  Col.  Allen  Post  45,  G.  A.  R. 

This  memorial  consists  of  a  large  granite  and  bronze  monument 
with  a  finely  hammered  granite  base,  plinth,  die  and  cornice,  sur- 
mounted by  a  large  size  statue  of  Liberty  in  bronze.  It  bears 
the  following  inscription  : 

"  In  memory  of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  Gloucester  who  fought 
in  the  war  of  1861-1865,  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union.  Erected 
by  Post  45,  G.  A.  R.,  1879." 

This  was  dedicated  with  one  of  the  most  imposing  processions  and 
ceremonies  that  the  town  has  ever  witnessed,  on  September  n, 
1879,  the  day  being  observed  as  a  general  holiday.  The  chief  mar- 
shal of  the  procession  was  Col.  B.  F.  Cook,  and  his  aids  were  Eben 
Dale,  James  T.  Seaver,  Thomas  Conant,  Hervey  Friend  and  Edward 
Dolliver.  The  procession  was  divided  into  two  divisions,  and  in- 
cluded military  companies  and  Grand  Army  posts  from  various  parts 
of  the  state,  guests,  veteran  soldiers  and  sailors,  the  department 


218  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

officers  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  fire  department,  William  Person  Royal 
Arch  Chapter  of  Masons,  officers  of  Washington  Royal  Arch  Chap- 
ter, Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  Acacia  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M., 
the  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  numerous 
other  organizations.  Bands  from  Boston,  Salem,  Gloucester  and 
Provincetown  were  present. 

Capt.  Fitz  J.  Babson  opened  the  exercises  with  an  account  of  the 
inception  and  completion  of  the  project  and,  after  an  appropriate 
programme  of  music,  the  memorial  was  dedicated  by  the  officers  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  including  prayer  by  the  grand 
chaplain,  testing  of  the  structure  by  D.  G.  M.,  S.  G.  W.  and  J.  G. 
W.,  the  pouring  of  the  corn  wine  and  oil,  and  appropriate  addresses 
by  the  different  officials.  A  fine  oration  by  the  orator  of  the  day, 
Rev.  J.  F.  Levering  of  Watertown,  followed,  after  which  it  was  pre- 
sented to  the  city  by  Hon.  Fitz  J.  Babson,  and  accepted,  on  behalf 
of  the  city,  by  Mayor  Williams.  The  monument  is  erected  in  a 
conspicuous  place,  attracting  the  attention  of  all,  in  all  probability, 
to*stand  for  ages,  till  its  hard  Cape  Ann  granite  and  massive  bronze 
shall  crumble,  an  incentive  to  patriotism  and  loyalty  to  future  gen- 
erations. 

LANESVILLE. 

The  Lanesville  soldiers'  monument  was  erected  with  impressive 
ceremonies  September  29,  1885.  It  was  designed  by  Comrade  Wil- 
liam Williams,  a  resident  of  Bay  View,  and  stands  in  the  village 
cemetery.  Following  are  the  inscriptions  : 

"In  memory  of  our  honored  dead,  who  fought  for  the  preservation 
of  the  Union  1861-1865.  Erected  by  the  Lanesville  Soldiers'  Monu- 
ment Association,  A.  D.  1885." 

Names  inscribed  are  :  Alonzo  Low,  Co.  F,  Thirty-fifth  Regiment ; 
Luther  Ham,  Co.  F,  Second  Regiment,  Heavy  Artillery ;  Henry 
Munsey,  Co.  H,  Twenty-fourth  Regiment ;  Charles  Tracy,  Co.  K, 
Twelfth  Regiment,  William  Hayden,  Co.  I,  Second  Regiment ;  Wil- 
liam H.  Lull,  Co.  I,  Second  Regiment,  Heavy  Artillery  ;  Andrew  M. 
Lucas,  Co.  H,  Twenty-fourth  Regiment ;  Daniel  A.  Thayer,  Co. 
C,  Twenty-fourth  Regiment ;  Frank  H.  Stevens,  Co.  I,  Second  Regi- 
ment, Heavy  Artillery  ;  Archibald  Greenough,  Co.  C,  Twenty-fourth 
Regiment. 

The  Riverdale  monument,  dedicated  June  17,  1886,  is  a  symmet- 
rically designed  structure  of  finely  hammered  and  polished  granite. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  219 

A  representation  of  the  various  corps  badges  is  inscribed  on  its 
tablet.  It  stands  in  the  square  near  the  mill.  Following  are  the 
inscriptions: 

"  Riverdale  martyrs  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  1861-1865." 

Names  inscribed  are:  Lieut. -Col.  David  Allen,  Jr.,  Edwin  Mur- 
phy, K,  Twelfth  Mass.,  John  Day,  K,  Thirty-ninth  Mass.,  James 
Murphy,  Thirty-second  Mass.,  Joseph  S.  Hodgkins,  K,  Thirtieth 
Mass.,  John  Tucker,  K,  Thirtieth  Mass.,  John  Lane,  D,  Twenty- 
fourth  Mass.,  Sergt.  Benjamin  H.  Griffin,  C,  Twenty-third  Mass., 
Addison  Griffin,  I,  Twenty-third  Mass.,  Abraham  Day,  Jr.,  C, 
Twenty-third  Mass.,  Charles  Day,  C,  Twenty-third  Mass.,  Levi 
Brackett,  C,  Twenty-third  Mass.,  Alphonso  M.  Laroque,  C,  Twenty- 
third  Mass.,  Benjamin  Riggs,  C,  Eighth  Mass. 

The  monument  at  Annisquam  was  dedicated  June  17,  1890,  with 
imposing  ceremonies,  Col.  B.  F.  Cook  being  the  chief  marshal  of  an 
imposing  military  and  civic  procession  of  county  organizations. 
Over  5,000  people  were  present  on  this  occasion.  Maj.  George  S. 
Merrill  and  Rev.  W.  H.  Rider,  pastor  of  the  Universalist  church,  of 
Gloucester,  made  the  chief  addresses.  It  stands  on  Leonard  Avenue, 
near  Mt.  Adnah  cemetery,  and  bears  the  following  inscription  : 

"  In  memory  of  the  soldiers  from  Annisquam,  1861-1865.  Our 
tribute,  1890." 

Names  inscribed  are  :  William  A.  Rider,  died  September  28, 
1864,  aged  27.  Abram  Robinson,  died  January  18,  1863,  aged  33. 
Matthew  Vasconcellos,  died  April  12,  1862,  aged  19.  Daniel  Lur- 
vey,  died  May  2,  1862,  aged  20.  Frederick  W.  Morton,  died  May 
6,  1864,  aged  18.  James  W.  Parsons,  died  March  18,  1865,  aged  19. 
Ignatius  Butler,  died  May  2,  1862,  aged  20.  Walter  Butler,  died 
August  21,  1864,  aged  20.  Daniel  S.  Griffin,  died  December  28, 
1863,  aged  32. 

Col.  Allen  Post  45,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  January  21,  1868, 
with  the  following  charter  members :  Fitz  J.  Babson,  Charles  E. 
Grover,  Joseph  A.  Moore,  Addison  Center,  John  F.  Foster,  Edward 
McOuinn,  Benjamin  F.  Cook,  Sherburne  F.  Morey. 

Following  are  the  present  officers :  Post  Commander,  Sidney 
Gardner ;  Senior  Vice-Commander,  John  McEachin  ;  Junior  Vice- 
Commander,  William  H.  Howe;  Adjutant,  Daniel  M.  Favor;  Quar- 
termaster, Calvin  W.  Swift  (died  July  I,  1892);  Surgeon,  William 
Reblin ;  Chaplain,  John  W.  White ;  O.  D.,  John  H.  Ingersoll ; 


220 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


O.  G.,  Daniel  Butler;  Sergeant-Major,  Albert  H.  Bulkley;  Quarter- 
master's Sergeant,  Edward  B.  Center ;  trustees  of  Relief  and  Post 
funds:  Charles  H.  Parsons,  D.  Somes  Watson,  Joseph  C.  Shepherd. 
J.  Franklin  Dyer,  Camp  24,  Sons  of  Veterans,  was  organized 
June  26,  1883.  Following  are  the  officers  at  the  present  time: 
Commander,  Charles  E.  Story ;  Senior  Vice-Commander,  John  H. 
Cavin ;  Junior  Vice-Commander,  John  N.  Grant ;  Chaplain,  Sidney 
S.  Favor ;  First  Sergeant,  Walter  C.  Jeffs ;  Quartermaster's  Ser- 
geant, Frank  W.  Lothrop ;  Sergeant  of  Guard,  Ernest  E.  Hodgkins ; 
Color  Sergeant,  Frank  Hodgkins  ;  Corporal  of  Guard,  William  F. 
Ireland ;  Camp  Guard,  William  O.  Lowe ;  Picket  Guard,  John  W. 
McCarthy  ;  Principal  Musician,  Frank  S.  Lane. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  221 


CHAPTER  X. 

Frorri  1866  to  1874. 

MARKED  INCREASE  OF  POPULATION.  ERA  OF  PROSPERITY  IN  THE 
FISHERIES.  NEW  TOWN  HOUSE  ERECTED.  DESTROYED  BY  FIRE. 
REBUILT.  SEVERE  GALE.  INTERNATIONAL  COURTESIES.  ELEC- 
TION TIDE  TURNS.  CANADIAN  CRUISERS  SEIZE  FISHING  VESSELS. 
POLITICAL.  VISIT  OF  HENRY  SAMUELSON,  M.  P.,  PRESENTATION. 
CANADIANS'RENEW  HOSTILITIES.  RECAPTURE  OF  THE  "  HORTON." 
MORE  SEIZURES.  THE  FISHERY  QUESTION  REVIEWED. 

PREVIOUS  to  the  civil  war  there  were  comparatively  few  Prov- 
incial fishermen  in  the  Gloucester  fleet,  the  majority  being 
natives.  The  prosperity  consequent  upon  the  call  for  fish  during 
the  progress  of  hostilities  was  sustained  after  peace  had  been  de- 
clared. The  enormous  wave  of  emigration  created  an  increased 
demand  for  fish  of  all  kinds.  For  years  past  the  fleet  had  resorted, 
to  the  Bay  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Grand  Banks,  making  the  passage 
via  Canso.  An  acquaintance  was  formed  between  our  crews  and  the 
Provincial  fishermen,  and  superior  inducements  offered  by  becoming 
enrolled  in  the  Gloucester  fleet.  The  more  adventurous  accepted 
the  invitation  and  made  money  in  the  fisheries,  and  in  many  instan- 
ces, sailed  into  the  little  harbor  or  cove  adjacent  to  their  birthplace, 
the  master,  or  perchance  the  owner,  of  a  fine  clipper  fishing 
schooner. 

Such  examples  were  contagious  and  constituted  object  lessons  of 
the  superior  opportunities  to  be  had  by  coming  to  the  great  fishing 
port.  The  ball  of  emigration  thus  set  rolling  from  the  Provinces, 
principally  from  northern  Nova  Scotia,  Cape  Breton  and  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  has  continued  in  motion.  It  is  to  be  questioned 
whether  any  section  or  town  has  received  a  more  desirable  class  of 
emigrants  than  these  men.  If  every  person  that  comes  into  a  coun- 
try adds  $  1,000  to  its  resources,  as  political  economists  aver,  who 
shall  compute  the  value  of  this  brave  and  sturdy  race,  who  are  the 
backbone  of  the  fishing  fleet.  Men  of  high  moral  character  with  no 
ambition  for  political  office,  who  make  law-abiding  citizens  and,  by 
thrift  and  energy,  have  contributed  largely  to  the  prosperity  of  the 
town  during  the  past  30  years  or  more. 


222  HISTORY  OF   GLOUCESTER. 

From  this  time  "  Progress  "  has  always  been  the  watchword.  New 
vessels,  constantly  increasing  wharf  area,  larger  warehouses,  streets 
widened  and  fine  residences  erected,  all  bear  testimony  to  the  indom- 
itable pluck  and  energy  of  the  fishermen,  through  whose  efforts  the 
town  has  grown  to  a  typical  modern  New  England  city. 

1866. 

This  was  a  year  of  uninterrupted  prosperity  to  the  fisheries.  In 
July,  Portland  was  visited  by  a  great  conflagation  and  the  subscrip- 
tions collected  here  for  the  sufferers  amounted  to  $2246.  The  tonnage 
reported  in  June  was  22,534.73,  mainly  fishing  vessels.  There  were 
220  vessels  engaged  in  the  mackerel  fishery.  The  fish  were  scarce 
and  brought  high  prices.  The  Cape  Ann  Anchor  Works  Company, 
with  a  factory  at  Vincent's  Point,  was  formed  in  September,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $20,000.  Gen.  Benjamin  F.  Butler  erected  a  villa 
at  Bay  View  and  was  subsequently  nominated  and  elected  to  Con- 
gress from  this  district.  Vote  of  Gloucester  at  the  fall  election  : 
Governor,  Bullock,  Republican,  780;  Sweetser,  Democrat,  146. 
Schooner  "John  Atwood,"  of  Provincetown  sailed  from  this  port  for 
the  Greenland  halibut  fishery  in  July.  A  number  of  new  streets 
were  laid  out  in  what  is  now  ward  four  and  five.  The  frozen  herring 
fleet  numbered  44  vessels.  Mackerel  inspected  here,  112,857  barrels. 

1867. 

Prosperity  in  the  fisheries  uninterrupted.  Great  snow  storm  Jan- 
uary 17,  travel  impeded,  etc.  Hon.  John  Woodward  Lowe,  prom- 
inent citizen  in  commercial  and  political  affairs,  died  January  14.  Capt. 
Charles  E.  Grover  confirmed  postmaster  March  8.  Increase  of  ton- 
nage for  year,  3,237.85  tons.  Severe  gale  in  October  in  North  Bay 

NEW  TOWN  HOUSE. 

October  21,  the  new  Town  Hall,  which  had  been  in  process  of 
erection  for  over  a  year  was  formerly  dedicated  with  musical  exer- 
cises and  addresses  by  Benjamin  F.  Smith,  Gen.  B.  F.  Butler  and 
others.  The  first  town  house  was  erected  in  1844  and  is  now  occu- 
pied and  known  as  the  Forbes'  school-house.  The  frame  was  pur- 
chased from  Rockport.  The  citizens  of  that  town  intended  to  build 
a  town  house  before  Gloucester,  but  decided  to  abandon  the  idea  on 
economic  grounds.  It  was  occupied  March  17,  1845.  Previous  to 
this,  town  meetings  had  been  held  in  the  First  Parish  Meeting 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER,  223 

House,  Union  Hall,  the  old  Collins'  school-house  and  other  places 
and  at  Sandy  Bay  before  it  was  set  off.  Its  cost  was  $4200.  At  a 
town  meeting  held  in  February,  1866,  it  was  voted  by  a  large  majority 
to  erect  a  new  town  house.  Somes'  field,  the  site  of  the  present  City 
Hall,  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $8000,  and  a  building  of  brick  and 
red  granite,  somewhat  similar  to  the  present  structure  erected.  The 
dedicatory  ball,  the  grandest  Terpsichorean  event  up  to  that  time, 
was  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  Steam  Fire  Association,  Thanks- 
giving Eve.  John  Fletcher  Wonson,  a  prominent  citizen,  died  Octo- 
ber 21,  aged  65  years.  He  made  the  first  halibut  trip  to  Georges  in 
1830.  Vote  at  the  fall  election  :  Governor,  Bullock,  Republican, 
916;  J.  Q.  Adams,  Democrat,  398. 

1868. 

About  65  sail  of  Georgesmen  were  in  commission  this  year. 
Pleasant  weather  was  experienced  and  good  fares  secured.  A  severe 
snow  storm  raged  March  21.  Various  casualities  were  reported  and 
shipping  and  travel  was  greatly  impeded  for  several  days.  The 
"Cut"  road  was  built,  the  hill  and  ledge  being  removed.  About 
80  vessels  were  engaged  in  the  southern  mackerel  fishery,  meet- 
ing with  good  success.  The  tonnage  of  the  district  was  26,184.77, 
an  increase  of  3,237 ;  85  tons  over  the  year  previous.  A  large 
school  of  mackerel  were  on  Georges  and  the  fleet  made  good 
catches.  The  schooner  "Echo,"  was  seized  at  anchor  in  Ipswich  Bay 
with  1,300  gallons  of  liquor  brought  from  Nova  Scotia  with  the  in- 
tention of  landing  it  illegally,  probably  at  some  point  in  Essex  river. 
The  presidential  election  was  quite  exciting;  vote  of  Gloucester, 
Grant,  Republican,  1189;  Seymour,  Democrat,  272.  Gen.  Butler  and 
prominent  Republicans  addressed  audiences  in  town.  The  Center, 
Ellery,  Parkhurst,  Rogers  and  Low  Blocks,  the  latter  building  now 
owned  and  occupied  by  the  First  National  Bank,  were  erected  this 
year.  The  Haytien  war  vessel  "Salnave"  seized  the  Gloucester 
schooner  "Edward  A.  De  Hart,"  Capt.  Low,  at  St.  Marco,  for 
alleged  running  of  contraband  goods.  A  severe  gale  accompanied 
by  rain  and  snow  prevailed  December  5,  6,  7  and  8.  The  brig  "  Isa- 
bella "  went  ashore  at  Oakes'  Cove  and  the  schooner  "Cygnet  "at 
Pavilion  Beach.  Messrs.  Dodd,  Tarr  &  Co.  in  December,  first 
shipped  dessicated  fish.  Gloucester  inspection  of  mackerel,  7 
barrels. 


224  HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER. 


Spring  Street,  that  part  of  Main  just  below  the  Custom  House, 
was  widened  from  Water  Street  to  Union  Hill.  Baptist  Church  at 
East  Gloucester  was  dedicated  February  3.  May  16,  the  recently 
erected  town  hall  was  burned ;  its  cost,  exclusive  of  the  lot  was 
about  $79,000,  fixtures  and  furnishing  $10,000  additional,  while  im- 
provements to  the  grounds  involved  a  further  outlay  of  $3,500.  It 
was  insured  for  $40,000. 

CITY  HALL  BUILT. 

Immediate  action  was  taken  by  the  citizens  to  rebuild.  At  a  town 
meeting  called  to  consider  the  subject  a  short  time  afterwards,  James 
Davis,  Esq.,  moved  that  $90,000,  which  included  the  insurance  on 
the  old  building,  be  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  a  new  town 
house.  The  motion  was  carried  by  a  large  majority.  Plans  of 
Bryant  &  Rogers  of  Boston,  were  afterwards  decided  upon  for  the 
structure  and  the  contract  for  the  mason  work  was  awarded  to 
Albert  Currier  of  Newburyport,  and  D.  Somes  Watson  and  H. 
Clough  were  awarded  the  carpenter's  work. 

Its  cost  was  $100,000;  with  furnishings,  $110,000. 

SEVERE    GALE. 

September  8,  a  violent  south  east  gale  approaching  the  force  of  a 
tornado,  prevailed.  The  rain  sheeted  down  in  torrents,  flooding 
streets  and  floating  small  buildings.  Many  chimneys  were  blown  down 
and  other  damage  done.  In  the  harbor  the  waves  were  blown  to  a 
great  height.  The  pilot  boat,  "  Young  Raven,"  Capt.  Robert  Calla- 
han,  was  blown  ashore  on  Pavilion  Beach.  The  captain  and  son 
who  were  aboard  were  saved.  The  schooner  "Winslow,"  of  Ply- 
mouth, with  a  fare  of  codfish  dragged  her  anchors  and  struck  on  the 
beach,  the  crew  was  saved.  The  schooner,  "  Richard  R.  Higgins," 
of  Wellfleet,  with  a  crew  of  20  men,  was  anchored  in  the  harbor. 
She  dragged  ashore  at  Fort  Point  Rocks.  Her  position  was  ex- 
tremely dangerous.  Attempts  were  made  to  launch  a  life-boat  for 
the  rescue  of  the  crew  but  were  unsuccessful.  Moses  Merlet,  a 
bystander,  offered  to  swim  to  the  craft.  He  accomplished  this  brave 
and  dangerous  undertaking,  carrying  a  bowline  over  his  shoulders, 
by  which  about  one-half  of  the  crew  were  hauled  ashore.  The  life- 
boat was  then  manned,  launched  and  the  rescue  of  the  remainder  of 
the  crew  successfully  effected.  The  boat  was  manned  by  William 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  225 

Yates,  Isaac  E.  Saunders,  Sylvanus  Hardy,  Edward  S.  Jones,  Wil- 
liam J.  Fisher,  Peter  Eagan,  Peter  H.  Eaton  and  William  Connors. 

The  yacht  "  Edith,"  owned  by  the  late  George  O.  Hovey,  with  a 
party  of  the  Hovey's,  Dale's  and  Appleton's  on  board  was  blown 
ashore  near  Freshwater  Cove,  but  all  on  board  were  rescued. 

The  election  this  year  was  devoid  of  exciting  incidents,  and  as  a 
result  the  vote  decreased  from  that  of  the  year  previous,  William 
Claflin,  Republican,  receiving  537  and  J.  Q.  Adams,  Democrat,  247. 

This  year,  194  vessels  were  engaged  in  the  Bay  St.  Lawrence  and 
151  in  the  shore  mackerel  fishery,  besides  a  large  fleet  of  Grand 
Bankers.  Number  of  barrels  of  mackerel  inspected,  93,126 ;  total 
value  of  fish  products,  $3,602,500. 

INTERNATIONAL   COURTESIES. 

December  6,  Hon.  William  E.  Price,  son  of  William  P.  Price,  M.  P., 
for  Gloucestershire,  England,  visited  the  town.  A  reception  was 
tendered  the  distinguished  visitor  at  the  residence  of  J.  O.  Proctor, 
chairman  of  the  selectmen,  followed  by  a  dinner  at  the  Pavilion. 
Speeches  were  made  and  a  letter  from  Mayor  Reynolds  of  Gloucester, 
England  read.  Toasts  were  proposed  to  "Her  Majesty,  Queen 
of  England,"  "His  Excellency,  the  President  of  the  United  States," 
and  the  sentiment,  "The  Gloucester  of  Old  England  and  the  New, 
connected  once  by  family  ties,  and  in  recent  times  by  mutual  mani- 
festations of  friendly  feeling  ;  may  the  latter  continue  as  long  as 
both  may  exist,"  was  responded  to  by  Hon.  William  E.  Price,  the 
late  lamented  Hon.  John  J.  Babson,  Addison  Gilbert,  B.  K.  Hough, 
B.  H.  Smith,  and  B.  H.  Corliss,  Collector  Babson  and  others.  The 
visitor  was  afterwards  shown  the  principal  points  of  interest  and, 
before  leaving,  was  presented  with  a  painting  of  the  town,  which  was 
afterwards  hung  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  old  city. 

1870. 

Severe  snow  storm  February  8.  The  Georges  and  frozen  herring 
fleet  were  quite  unsucessful,  while  the  southern  mackerel  and  Bank 
cod  fisheries  met  with  a  prosperous  season.  The  tonnage  of  the  dis- 
trict was  returned  at  30,279.86,  including  570  vessels.  George  H. 
Rogers,  a  prominent  merchant  died  May  21.  Samuel  E.  Sawyer, 
presented  the  citizens  a  bell,  weighing  4400  pounds  and  a  clock  for 
the  new  town  house.  Pearce  Street  opened. 


226  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

ELECTION    TIDE  TURNS. 

At  the  election  this  year,  the  Republican  vote  fell  off,  while  that 
of  the  Democrats  increased.  This  may  possibly  have  been  due  to 
the  inaction  of  the  government  concerning  the  seizures  of  fishing 
vessels  by  Canadian  cruisers  in  the  North  Bay.  The  votes  stood 
Claflin,  Republican,  572;  J.  Q.  Adams,  Democrat,  485  ;  Wendell 
Phillips,  Prohibitionist,  251.  The  Democratic  nominees  for  repre- 
sentatives to  the  General  Court,  Benjamin  H.  Corliss  and  Charles 
Thompson,  were  elected  over  their  Republican  competitors.  This  was 
the  first  time  in  27  years  that  this  party  had  chosen  their  regular 
representative  ticket.  Only  on  three  occasions,  since  Mr.  Rantoul 
was  elected  in  1837,  had  the  Democratic  party  a  clear  majority  in  the 
town.  This  was  in  1849, '50  and '51  when,  uniting  with  the  Abolition- 
ists, they  were  successful  in  electing  their  candidates. 

CANADIAN  CRUISERS  SEIZE  FISHING  VESSELS. 

The  fishery  troubles  commenced  early  in  the  year,  in  the  Bay  St. 
Lawrence,  a  large  fleet  of  Canadian  cutters  being  in  surveillance  of 
the  fleet,  ready  to  pounce  upon  offenders  for  any  alleged  infraction 
of  the  treaty  of  1818.  In  June  they  seized  the  schooner  "  Wompa- 
tuck,"  of  Plymouth,  charged  with  fishing  within  the  three-mile 
limit.  The  crew  were  adjudged  guilty  in  the  courts  and  the  craft 
was  condemned.  This  was  followed  June  18  by  the  seizure  of  the 
schooner  "J.  H.  Nickerson,"  of  Salem.  The  vessel  was  taken  to 
Ingonish  harbor,  C.  B.,  it  being  alleged  that  she  was  engaged  in  fish- 
ing for  bait  at  the  time. 

In  the  latter  part  of  August,  the  schooner  "  Clara  R.  Chapman  " 
was  prohibited  landing  her  fare  of  mackerel  at  Charlottetown,  P.  E. 
I.,  for  trans-shipment  home,  under  penalty  of  seizure.  In  the  opening 
days  of  September,  the  schooner  "  Lettie  "  was  seized  near  Gaspe. 
She  was  the  property  of  an  American  citizen  and  was  charged  with 
fishing  within  the  limits.  A  few  days  later  the  schooner  "Lizzie 
M.  Tarr"  was  intercepted  by  the  cruiser  "  La  Canadienne  "  near  the 
Seven  Islands.  She  was  condemned  and  sold  at  Quebec,  October 
27,  the  owner  bidding  her  in  at  $2,807.  In  regard  to  the  sale  of  the 
"Tarr"  a  press  dispatch  stated  that  "at  the  close  of  the  sale  Captain 
Tarr  mounted  a  chair  and  made  a  speech  to  the  audience,  thanking 
the  Quebec  people  for  the  kindness  they  had  manifested  towards 
him  and  attributing  all  his  losses  and  trouble  to  the  action  of  our 
government." 


HIS TOKY  OF  GLO UCES TEK.  227 

The  schooner  "A.  H.  Wonson  "  was  seized  September  3,  for  fish- 
ing within  the  limit  and  towed  to  Pictou.  The  craft  was  afterwards 
released  on  the  signing  of  a  bond  of  $3,500.  September  17,  the 
schooner  "Charles  H.  Price"  of  Salem,  was  refused  the  privilege 
of  taking  ice  at  Halifax,  and  was  obliged  to  abandon  the  voyage  and 
return  home,  thereby  entailing  much  loss  to  owners  and  crew.  On 
the  same  date  the  schooner  "  I.  J.  Marshall "  was  captured  and  con- 
demned for  illegal  fishing.  The  craft  was  the  property  of  the  master, 
an  American  citizen,  but  was  registered  in  the  name  of  his  minor 
son,  who  was  born  in  Prince  Edwards  Island.  On  the  same  date  the 
schooner  "  Foam  "  was  also  apprehended,  alleged  to  be  the  property 
of  a  Mr.  Hall,  an  American  citizen. 

August  27,  the  schooner  "Clara  F.  Friend"  was  seized  for  alleged 
infraction  of  the  Dominion  fishing  laws.  She  was  recaptured  by  her 
owner,  Charles  Friend,  while  lying  at  anchor.  He  endeavored  to 
escape  with  his  craft  but  was  retaken  while  passing  through  the 
Straits  of  Canso,  and  the  vessel  was  condemned  and  sold  at  Char- 
lottetown,  December  21,  for  $2,800  to  Mr  Friend's  agent.  Octo- 
ber 15,  the  schooner  "  Gettysburg  "  was  seized  for  fishing  within  the 
three-mile  limit,  taken  to  Charlottetown  and  afterwards  released 
with  a  caution.  October  10,  the  schooner  "A.  I.  Franklin"  was 
charged  with  illegally  pursuing  fishing  operations  and  was  taken 
into  custody,  being  released  on  the  payment  of  a  bond  of  $2,800. 
The  schooner  "Granada"  of  Provincetown,  was  seized  October  25, 
and  the  "Romp"  of  Southport,  also  fell  a  victim  to  the  Canadian 
cruiser  service.  She  was  afterwards  condemned.  November  27, 
the  schooner  "White  Fawn"  was  seized  by  the  cutter  "Water 
Lily,"  while  procuring  bait  at  Head  Harbor,  near  Campobello.  She 
was  released  the  succeeding  February.  The  "  Franklin  "  and  the 
"  Wonson's  "  captains  were  adjudged  guilty  of  violating  the  fishery 
law  by  the  Vice-Admiralty  Court  at  Halifax,  and  the  bonds  were 
forfeited. 

Five  of  these  vessels,  the  "Tarr,"  "Wonson,"  "Franklin," 
"Friend,"  and  "White  Fawn"  were  owned  in  town.  To  say  that 
the  fishing  interest  was  greatly  excited  and  alarmed  over  these  seiz- 
ures is  putting  the  case  mildly.  Action  on  the  part  of  the  national 
government  was  eagerly  awaited.  A  fleet  of  government  cruisers 
were  dispatched  to  the  locality.  A  greatly  superior  force  of  the 
British  naval  service  was  also  cruising  in  the  waters  of  the  bay  at  the 


228  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

time.  No  attempt  was  made  to  interfere  with  the  Canadian  cruisers 
in  their  seizures  of  our  fishermen.  On  December  18,  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  was  held,  asking  that  the  government  protect  o>ur 
fleet  in  those  waters,  and  about  the  same  time,  Gen.  Butler,  the  dis- 
trict's representative  in  Congress,  presented  a  petition  to  that  body, 
signed  by  over  2,000  Gloucester  citizens,  praying  that  non-intercourse 
be  declared  with  Canada  as  long  as  that  country  manifested  the 
unfriendly  and  aggressive  attitude  toward  our  fishing  interest. 
With  much  foreboding  all  interested  looked  forward  to  what  the 
succeeding  year  would  bring  forth,  as  the  Bay  mackerel  fisheries, 
pursued  with  hook  and  line,  had  become  the  most  important  source 
of  the  town's  revenue. 

MARKED  GAIN  IN  POPULATION. 

The  national  census  of  1870  reflected  the  unbounded  prosperity  of 
the  town  during  the  preceding  five  years.  The  population,  as 
returned,  numbered  15,397  persons,  an  increase  of  44  1-2  per  cent,  or 
3,603  since  1865,  and  4,564  since  1860.  But  few,  if  any  New  Eng- 
land towns,  could  show  a  more  thrifty  and  healthier  growth.  Im- 
provements and  increased  building  operations  go  step  by  step,  with  an 
augmented  population  and  many  were  the  changes  effected  during 
the  period.  At  this  time  Gloucester  was  the  largest  town  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

1871. 

May  28,  fire  on  Front  Street  destroyed  several  buildings  on  the 
site  of  Webster's  and  Bergengren's  Block;  loss,  $31,000.  Tonnage 
of  the  district,  29,789.31  ;  valuation  of  the  town,  $7,472,679;  num- 
ber of  polls,  3,494.  A  new  brick  building  was  built  by  the  Gloucester 
National  Bank,  on  the  corner  of  Front  and  Duncan  Streets.  Theron 
J.  Dale  died  very  suddenly  at  his  summer  house  at  Freshwater 
Cove,  August  23. 

The  mackerel  fishery  was  successfully  pursued,  the  seiners  achiev- 
ing better  results  than  hook  and  line  fishermen. 

POLITICAL. 

September  23,  a  lively  Republican  caucus  between  Butler  and 
anti-Butler  wings  of  the  Republican  party  was  held.  The  Butler 
faction  prevailed,  electing  their  chairman,  Benjamin  H.  Smith  ;  the 
ant'i's  then  withdrew,  held  a  meeting  in  another  hall,  organizing  by 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  229 

choice  of  J.  O.  Proctor,  chairman;  William  Babson,  secretary;  elect- 
ing a  full  ticket  of  delegates  and  town  committee  in  opposition  to 
the  "  regular  "  caucus. 

For  the  first  time  since  1844,  the  Democrats  polled  a  plurality  for 
the  head  of  their  ticket,  also  electing  the  three  representatives, 
Benjamin  A.  Corliss  and  Charles  P.  Thompson,  both  chosen  for  a 
second  term,  and  John  C.  Choate  of  Essex.  At  this  time  the 
district  was  composed  of  Gloucester  and  Essex.  This  was  the  first 
instance  in  twenty-five  years  that  Essex  had  elected  a  Democratic 
nominee.  The  vote  stood :  For  governor,  John  Q.  Adams,  Demo- 
crat, 609 ;  William  B.  Washburn,  Republican,  592 ;  R.  C.  Pitman, 
Prohibition,  89.  Mr.  Corliss'  vote  in  town  was  872,  Mr.  Thompson's 
722,  Mr.  Choate's  702,  while  their  nearest  opponent,  Rev.  Richard 
Eddy,  Republican  and  Prohibition,  received  666.  Rockport  followed, 
electing  a  Democratic  representative,  James  W.  Bradley.  This 
political  overturn  was,  no  doubt,  occasioned  by  the  dissatisfaction  of 
the  Cape  with  the  course  of  Congressman  B.  F.  Butler,  together 
with  the  dilatory  action  of  the  government  in  dealing  with  the 
fisheries  troubles. 

Tuesday,  November  14,  there  was  a  severe  southeast  gale,  accom- 
panied with  the  highest  tide  known  for  many  years.  Eben  Dale,  a 
prominent  Boston  merchant,  a  native,  died  in  Boston,  December  4, 
aged  59.  At  the  town  meeting,  held  July  19,  the  citizens  voted 
against  the  adoption  of  a  city  charter. 

VISIT  OF  HON.  HENRY  SAMUELSON,  M.  P.— PRESENTATION. 
In  the  mayor's  room,  City  Hall,  hangs  an  elegant  oil  painting  of 
Gloucester,  England.  Taken  from  a  height  the  city  by  the  Severn, 
lies  nestled  in  a  valley,  while  far  beyond  can  be  seen  the  indistinct 
outlines  of  the  Welsh  hills.  The  cathedral,  like  a  mass  of  ivory, 
stands  out,  as  it  has  for  hundreds  of  years,  a  monument  to  architec- 
tural science  and  ecclesiastical  zeal.  A  tablet  on  the  picture  bears 
an  inscription  in  Latin,  which  freely  translated,  reads:  "For  it  is 
certain  that  Apollo  promises  that,  in  a  new  clime,  there  shall  be 
another  Salamis." 

Beneath  is  the  following:  "This  view  of  Gloucester,  'Old  Eng- 
land,' is  presented  by  W.  P.  Price,  one  of  its  representatives  in 
Parliament,  to  Gloucester,  '  New  England  '  with  heartfelt  wishes  for 
its  increasing  prosperity  and  welfare." 

The   history    of  this  picture  dates  from  the  occasion  of  another 


230  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

visit  from  a  representative  of  Gloucester,  England,  who  was  the 
bearer  of  this  pleasant  testimonial  from  "our  kin  beyond  the  sea." 
On  October  24,  of  this  year,  Hon.  Henry  Samuelson,  M.  P.,  of 
Cheltenham,  adjoining  Gloucester,  who  was  then  on  a  tour  through 
the  United  States,  visited  the  town  and  presented  the  oil  painting, 
referred  to  above,  as  a  gift  from  Hon.  W.  P.  Price,  as  a  slight  testi- 
monial of  his  esteem  and  good  will  toward  the  New  England 
Gloucester,  for  the  kindly  manner  in  which  his  son  had  been  treated. 
The  succeeding  Tuesday  a  reception  was  given  Mr.  Samuelson  at 
City  Hall,  followed  by  a  banquet  at  the  Atlantic  House,  at  which 
speeches,  animated  by  earnestness  and  sincerity,  proved  that  the 
ties  that  bound  the  two  cities  were  yet  strong  and  that  the  men  of 
'Old  Gloucester'  were  indeed  gratified  that  the  Salamis  in  the  new 
clime  had  attained  such  a  stage  of  municipal  growth  and  progress. 

CANADIANS  RENEW  HOSTILITIES. 

The  Canadian  cruisers  continued  their  harassing  tactics  of  the 
season  before  during  the  summer  and  fall,  while  our  fleet  were  in 
the  Bay  St.  Lawrence.  Operations  were  resumed  at  an  early  date. 
In  January,  the  schooner  "  Enterprise,"  of  Eastport,  in  the  herring 
fishery,  was  seized  for  alleged  violation  of  the  Canadian  fishery  laws 
and  taken  to  St.  John,  N.  B.  In  July,  the  schooner  "  Samuel  Gil- 
bert," of  this  port,  was  seized  for  fishing  within  the  three-mile  limit. 
July  28,  the  schooner,  "Lizzie  A.  Tarr"  was  ordered  away  from 
Grand  Jarvie,  N.  F.,  and  refused  the  privilege  of  buying  bait. 
August  8,  the  schooner  "Franklin  Schenck,"  of  Rockport,  was 
apprehended,  charged  with  violating  the  fishing  laws.  She  was 
released  on  a  bond  of  $1,000,  which  was  collected  next  year.  The 
last  seizure  of  the  season  was  that  of  the  schooner  "  Edward  A. 
Horton,"  taken  near  St.  George,  the  first  of  September. 

RECAPTURE  OF  THE   HORTON. 

A  dramatic  episode  occurred  in  connection  with  the  seizure  of  the 
"Horton."  The  schooner  was  taken  to  Guysboro,  stripped  of  sails  and 
rigging  and  secured  alongside  a  wharf.  In  this  condition  the  keeper 
imagined  the  vessel  secure.  The  master,  Harvey  Knowlton,  deter- 
mined to  retake  the  craft  if  possible.  Having  disguised  himself,  and 
ascertained  the  location  of  the  sails  and  otherwise  looked  over  the 
ground,  he  enlisted  six  fishermen  in  his  cause.  The  names  of  these 
were :  Daniel  Richards,  Peter  Gillis,  Malcolm  McCloud,  D.  Mclsaac, 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  231 

John  Penney  and  Charles  Webber,  Provincial  American  fishermen. 
They  secreted  themselves  on  the  outskirts  of  the  town  and  on  the 
evening  of  October  3,  traveled  through  the  woods,  a  distance  of  18 
miles  to  Guysboro.  Awaiting  until  the  lights  were  extinguished 
they  proceeded  to  the  store-house  where  the  sails  were  kept.  These 
were  then  taken  aboard  the  vessel,  but  it  was  found  that  a  mistake 
had  been  made  as  the  canvas  belonged  to  another  schooner.  This 
was  annoying  and  time  consuming,  but  the  party  finally  secured  the 
proper  suit,  which  was  bent  in  hot  haste.  During  all  this  time  the 
vessel  was  aground,  it  being  low  tide.  The  work  was  finished,  how- 
ever, before  the  young  flood  floated  the  craft.  A  warp  was  rigged 
and,  at  2.30  in  the  morning,  it  was  ascertained  that  the  vessel 
floated.  A  favoring  northwest  breeze  was  blowing,  the  stars  shone 
brightly  and  no  time  was  lost  in  setting  the  sails  and  getting  away 
from  the  harbor.  During  these  preparations  the  men  were  undis- 
turbed. The  old  town  was  thoroughly  asleep  and  no  alarm  was 
given.  When  the  "  Horton  "  bowled  by  Canso  light,  the  terrible  sus- 
pense was,  in  a  measure  relieved,  although  the  crew  were  well  aware 
that  chase  and  recapture  was  possible. 

Early  next  morning  the  inhabitants  rubbed  their  eyes  in  pro- 
found astonishment  when  they  realized  that  the  Yankee  craft  had 
been  cut  out.  Very  little  mourning  was  heard  among  the  majority 
of  the  people  of  the  town  who  were  in  sympathy  with  the  Yankees. 

Once  outside  Little  Canso  the  "Horton"  was  headed  well  off  shore 
and  the  course  was  laid  for  the  northern  edge  of  the  Gulf  Stream. 
There  was  an  abundance  of  water  and  provisions  on  board  as  the 
vessel  had  been  refitted  two  days  before  her  capture.  The  news  was 
telegraphed  and  excitement  here  grew  intense.  It  was  rumored  that 
Dominion  cruisers  were  in  pursuit  and  that  one  was  lying  in  wait  in 
Massachusetts  Bay.  The  revenue  cutters  "Fortune,"  "Leyden," 
"Mahoning"  and  "  Hamlin,"  were  dispatched  by  our  government  to 
cruise  about  the  bay  in  search  of  the  schooner,  but  nothing  was  seen 
of  the  craft.  On  the  following  Wednesday  at  about  7.30  in  the  eve- 
ning, the  "Horton"  reached  port,  the  captain  having  made  the  passage 
by  the  assistance  of  the  compass  alone.  Guns  were  fired  amid  great 
rejoicing.  A  torch-light  procession  was  organized  and,  headed  by 
the  Cornet  Band,  paraded  the  town,  to  the  accompaniment  of  red 
fire  and  rockets.  A  congratulatory  meeting  was  held  at  City  Hall, 
B.  H.  Corliss,  being  chosen  chairman,  and  several  speakers  addressed 


232  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  audience,  dwelling  upon  the  indignities  inflicted  upon  our  fisher- 
men, etc.  The  chairman  then  presented  the  captain  and  crew  with 
$  1,000,  which  had  been  subscribed  by  the  citizens  of  the  town.  The 
British  Government  made  no  efforts  to  regain  possession  of  the 
"  Horton"  and  the  Committee  of  Council  and  the  Dominion  Govern- 
ment reported  that  under  the  circumstances  they  did  not  feel  called 
upon  to  recommend  the  reclamation  of  the  vessel.  Earl  Kimberly 
stated  that  such  a  dignified  stand  would  serve  to  promote  friendliness 
with  the  United  States,  which  was  the  great  desire  of  the  Home 
Government. 

The  plot  for  the  recapture  of  the  "Horton"  was  hatched  in  the 
house  of  Capt.  "Spud"  McDonald,  a  Canadian  smuggler  of  much 
notoriety,  who  has  served  a  sentence  for  his  clandestine  operations. 

1872. 

The  only  obstacle  to  the  continued  prosperity  of  the  preceding 
year,  was  the  probable  interference  of  Canadian  cruisers  with  the 
mackerel  fleet.  At  a  meeting  held  January  5th,  by  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  a  committee  of  five  were  chosen  who  were  to  co- 
operate with  similiar  bodies,  elected  in  other  towns  for  the  purpose  of 
urging  upon  the  government  that  protection  be  afforded  American 
fishing  vessels.  The  Gloucester  representatives  chosen  were  :  Syl- 
vanus  Smith,  Alfred  Mansfield,  J.  O.  Proctor,  William  Parsons,  2d 
and  Charles  H.  Pew.  The  three  latter  proceeded  to  Washington  and 
presented  their  case  for  the  consideration  of  the  United  States 
officials. 

MORE  SEIZURES. 

There  were  but  two  seizures  of  Gloucester  vessels  by  the  Cana- 
dian cruisers  during  the  season.  June  3,  the  schooner  "  Enola  C," 
was  seized  near  Antigonish,  for  illegal  fishing,  but  was  released  on 
the  representation  of  the  owner,  who  made  a  trip  to  Quebec,  that 
the  violation  of  the  law  was  accidental  and  not  willful.  On  June  20, 
the  trawling  schooner,  "James  Bliss,"  owned  by  William  Parsons,  2d 
&  Co.,  was  seized  by  the  cruiser,  "Delia  Maria,"  Capt.  La  Chance, 
near  Gaspe.  The  captain  ordered  the  Dominion  flag  to  be  hoisted 
over  the  stars  and  stripes,  the  indignity  being  heightened  from  the 
fact  that  the  American  colors  were  placed  union  down.  In  this 
manner  the  captured  schooner  was  taken  into  Gaspe.  The  United 
States  consul  remonstrated  at  the  insult  to  the  flag,  but  was  informed 
by  the  cruiser's  captain  that  he  acted  in  obedience  to  orders. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  233 

OTHER    EVENTS. 

Tuesday,  June  4,  one  of  the  heaviest  northeast  gales  ever  experi- 
enced at  this  season,  continuing  unabated  for  two  days,  prevailed,  and 
a  great  amount  of  damage  was  inflicted  on  the  shipping  about  the 
Cape  and  elsewhere.  The  coasting  schooner,  "Julia,"  of  St.  George, 
dragged  her  anchors  and  struck  just  to  the  westward  of  the  canal. 
The  crew  were  saved.  The  schooner,  "Jane,"  of  Boston,  struck  on 
Squam  Bar.  The  captain  and  crew  attempted  to  land  in  their  yawl 
boat,  but  were  overturned  and  drowned.  The  schooner,  "  Louisa  E. 
Smith,"  from  Quincy  to  Philadelphia,  went  ashore  near  Lanesville 
breakwater.  The  coaster,  "  M.  M.  Freeman,"  from  Boston  to  Ban- 
gor,  with  lumber,  went  ashore  near  Folly  Cove.  The  schooner, 
"William  H.  Dennis,"  from  Philadelphia  for  Salem,  struck  on  the 
rocks  just  outside  Rockport  breakwater  and  the  sailors  were  rescued 
with  great  danger  by  a  life-boat  crew.  The  shore  of  the  Cape  could 
be  said  at  this  time,  to  be  almost  literally  strewn  with  wrecks. 

The  tonnage  of  the  district  was,  27,733.89 ;  town's  valuation, 
$7.855>436;  polls,  4,077. 

September  24  and  25,  the  fifty-second  annual  exhibition  of  the 
Essex  Agricultural  Society  was  held  at  Stage  Fort.  At  the  national 
election  the  Republican  candidates  received  483  majority  over  their 
Democratic  competitors.  The  Republican  representative  candidates, 
Messrs.  Addison  Gilbert,  James  G.  Tarr  and  Fitz  E.  Griffin  were 
successful.  December  10,  the  wharf  occupied  by  the  Gloucester  Salt 
Company,  at  East  Gloucester,  collapsed,  precipitating  11,000  tons 
of  salt  into  the  water.  The  loss  was  $20,000.  Inspection  of  mackerel 
for  the  year,  67,395  barrels. 

1873- 

Hall's  net  and  twine  factory,  at  West  Gloucester,  was  burned 
January  13,  loss,  $20,000,  uninsured;  the  tonnage  of  the  district 
was  28,565;  town's  valuation,  $7,243,176  ;  polls,  3,569.  During  the 
summer  1 1 1  Gloucester  vessels  were  mackerel  catching  in  the  North 
Bay ;  sale  of  the  Major  Mason  property  at  auction,  including  about 
one-half  of  Beacon  Hill,  the  tract  now  known  as  Bellevue  Heights, 
etc.,  comprising  8  7-10  acres  to  Francis  Proctor  for  $2400  ;  August  27, 
fire  destroyed  the  wooden  business  blocks,  extending  from  Centre  to 
Hancock  Streets  ;  gale  in  the  North  Bay  and  on  George's,  August  24, 
in  which  nine  vessels  with  all  hands,  numbering  128  men,  were 
drowned.  There  were  over  36  schooners  stranded  in  various  parts  of 


234  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  Bay  St.  Lawrence,  the  aggregate  losses  being  over  $100,000,  on 
which  there  was  an  insurance  of  about  $55,000.  The  losses  by  fire, 
however, were  fully  covered.  The  great  gale  of  August  24  brought 
grief  to  numerous  homes  and  made  many  widows  and  orphans.  The 
total  losses  for  the  year  were  31  vessels,  of  a  tonnage  of  162,455, 
valued  at  $118,700;  insurance,  $100,918  ;  number  of  lives  lost,  174. 

THE  FISHERY  QUESTION. 

The  seizures  of  fishing  vessels  came  to  an  end  for  a  time,  by  the 
ratification  by  Congress,  of  the  Treaty  of  Washington,  reported  by  a 
High  Joint  Commission,  which  had  been  appointed  to  settle  the 
fisheries  question.  The  document  was  reported  in  1871,  adopted  in 
1872,  going  into  force  in  1873. 

At  this  stage  the  causes  leading  to  the  trouble  between  American 
fishermen  and  the  Canadian  government  may  be  reviewed.  Before 
the  independence  of  the  country  had  been  achieved,  the  waters 
adjacent  to  British  possessions  were  free  to  New  England  fishermen. 
These  rights  were  further  secured  by  the  treaty  of  1783,  mainly 
through  the  efforts  of  John  Adams,  the  fishermen's  friend,  under  the 
provisions  of  which  the  fishing  banks,  coasts,  bays  and  creeks  of 
Canada  were  open  to  the  United  States  fishermen.  In  1814  the 
British  commissioners  maintained  that  the  declaration  of  the  war  of 
1812,  caused  by  the  impressment  of  our  seamen,  had  rendered  the 
earlier  treaty  null  and  void.  The  representatives  of  America,  on  the 
contrary,  held  that  the  rights  guaranteed  by  the  Treaty  of  Paris  were 
irrevocable  and  inalienable.  However,  the  dispute  was  left  open  as 
no  reference  was  made  to  the  fisheries  in  the  treaty  of  Ghent.  The 
matter  was  given  to  a  commission  to  settle,  Albert  Gallatin  and  Ben- 
jamin Rush,  representing  the  United  States.  This  body  reported  the 
famous  treaty  of  1818,  which  was  ratified  on  behalf  of  both  govern- 
ments. It  was  a  complete  surrender  of  all  the  shore  fishing  privi- 
leges previously  enjoyed  except  along  the  southern  and  western 
sections  of  Newfoundland,  around  the  Magdalen  Islands,  and  north- 
ward along  the  Labrador  coast,  through  the  Straits  of  Belle  Isle, 
indefinitely.  The  American  fishermen  were  conceded  the  right  to 
fish  outside  the  limit  of  three  marine  miles  from  the  coast,  a  very 
ambiguous  clause  and,  as  will  be  shown,  the  chief  source  of  the 
troubles  which  befell  the  fishermen  in  later  days  ;  it  also  grudgingly 
allowed  them  the  right  of  shelter  in  harbors,  to  make  necessary 


HIS  TOR  Y  OF  GLO  UCES  TER.  235 

repairs  and  to  procure  wood  and  water.  It  may  be  asked  why 
such  a  complete  surrender  of  the  rights  of  our  fishermen  ?  In 
answer  it  may  be  said  that  our  government  was  crippled  and  obliged 
to  make  terms  at  any  price.  England,  having  disposed  of  Napoleon, 
was  free  to  wage  war  with  undivided  attention  on  American  com- 
merce, and,  as  we  have  seen,  warfare  was  unpopular  in  New 
England,  having  nearly  wiped  out  the  American  shipping.  Besides, 
the  fisheries  were  then  of  minor  importance  as  compared  with  the 
present,  and  British  diplomacy  always  looks  toward  the  future. 

But  little  trouble  arose  as  regard  to  the  interpretation  of  the  three- 
mile  limit  previous  to  1855,  a  few  seizures  for  its  violation  being 
recorded  before  that  date.  After  this,  the  great  growth  of  the  fish 
industry  and  the  large  number  of  vessels  engaged,  made  the  question 
a  bone  of  contention  between  the  two  governments. 

Between  1854  and  1866,  a  reciprocity  treaty  was  in  force  which 
secured  free  scope  in  Canadian  waters  for  our  fishermen.  After 
that,  the  dispute  again  arose  and,  it  will  be  seen,  has  given  the  great- 
est trouble  in  comparatively  recent  times.  In  the  pursuit  of  the 
mackerel  fisheries  has  arisen  these  contentions.  The  mackerel  is  a 
migratory  fish,  very  uncertain  in  its  movements.  Although  fre- 
quenting the  New  England  coast  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  it 
has  generally  been  found  in  great  numbers  in  the  Bay  St.  Lawrence. 
Indeed,  our  fishermen  had  resorted  to  that  locality  on  mackerel 
voyages  as  early  as  1830,  but  not  to  any  extent  until  after  1850, 
when  the  great  demand  caused  a  rapid  growth  of  the  business.  The 
catching  of  this  fish  near  the  shore  and  in  the  bays  in  large  quanti- 
ties by  our  fishermen,  gave  rise  to  the  dispute  as  to  what  the  three- 
mile  limit,  as  provided  for  in  the  treaty  of  1818,  includes. 

The  British  government  strenuously  hold  to  the  headland  theory 
in  drawing  the  mark,  while  the  American  fishing  interest  as  vigor- 
ously combat  this  interpretation.  For  the  purpose  of  illustration,  let 
the  reader  take  a  map  of  New  England  and  select  Massachusetts 
Bay  as  a  familiar  stretch  of  waters.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  bay  is 
enclosed  between  two  headlands,  Cape  Ann  and  Cape  Cod.  The 
English  claim,  as  applied  to  these  waters,  would  be  this  :  All  that 
which  is  included  inside  a  straight  line  drawn  from  a  place  three 
miles  from  Eastern  Point,  Cape  Ann,  its  furthermost  projection,  to 
a  point  three  miles  to  seaward  of  the  extreme  end  of  Cape  Cod,  or, 
to  be  more  explicit,  from  headland  to  headland.  So  that  if  Massa- 


236 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


chusetts  Bay  were  British  water,  any  American  vessel  caught  fishing 
within  the  line  drawn  as  described  would,  under  the  treaty  of  1818, 
be  violating  its  provisions  and  be  liable  to  seizure.  The  American 
fishermen,  on  the  other  hand,  claim  that  the  proper  construction  of 
the  three-mile  limit,  is  to  follow  the  indentations  of  the  coast  or  bay, 
and  keep  without  three  miles  of  the  nearest  land,  so  that  a  vessel 
may  fish  within  three  miles  of  the  most  inward  shore  of  a  bay  and 
yet  be  within  the  law. 

After  the  expiration  of  the  reciprocity  treaty  in  1866,  the  difficulty 
was  bridged  for  a  time  by  the  Canadians  granting  fishing  licenses  to 
our  vessels,  first  for  50  cents  per  ton,  increased  to  $1.00  in  1867; 
$2.00  in  1868  and  1869,  which  the  fishermen  finally  declined  to  pay 
and  this  refusal  led  to  the  trouble  in  the  early  seventies. 

The  origin  of  the  three-mile  limit  is  as  follows  :  Nations  early 
asserted  their  rights  to  jurisdiction  in  waters  adjacent  to  the  coast.  In 
early  times,  they  claimed  as  far  to  sea  as  a  stone  could  be  thrown  ; 
later  the  distance  of  an  arrow's  flight ;  still  later  as  far  as  a  musket 
or  cannon  ball  could  be  fired  from  the  shore  until  the  gunners'  art 
had  reached  that  stage  of  development  whereby  it  became  possible  to 
throw  a  projectile  three  miles.  At  this  point,  by  common  consent, 
the  limit  seems  to  be  fixed. 


HISTORY  <?/••  GLOUCESTER.  237 


CHAPTER  XI. 

Incorporation    as  a  City. 

FIRST  EFFORTS  FOR  THE  ADOPTION  OF  A  CITY  CHARTER  FAILS. 
SECOND  SUCCESSFUL.  DIVIDED  INTO  WARDS.  FIRST  CITY  ELEC- 
TION. ROBERT  R.  FEARS  ELECTED  MAYOR.  ALLAN  ROGERS  CHOSEN 
AS  CHIEF  EXECUTIVE.  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBIT.  THE  HALIFAX 
COMMISSION  AND  ITS  AWARD  OF  $5,500,000.  MAYOR  J.  FRANKLIN 
DYER.  THE  FORTUNE  BAY  RIOT.  WILLIAM  WILLIAMS  ELECTED 
MAYOR.  PROTEST  AGAINST  THE  TREATY  OF  WASHINGTON. 
JOSEPH  GARLAND  ELECTED  MAYOR.  MR.  WILLIAMS  RE-ELECTED. 
SUCCEEDED  BY  WILLIAM  H.  WONSON,  3d.  JOHN  S.  PARSONS  THE 
NEXT  CHIEF  EXECUTIVE.  SUCCESSFUL  CRUSADE  AGAINST  LAW- 
BREAKERS. TROUBLE  WITH  CITY  MARSHALS.  FISHERY  TROU- 
BLES RENEWED.  DAVID  I.  ROBINSON  CHOSEN  MAYOR.  RETALIA- 
TORY BILL.  SEIZURES  OF  FISHING  VESSELS.  BAYARD-CHAMBER- 
LAIN TREATY.  MODUS  VIVENDI.  MAYOR  ROBINSON  REFUSES  TO 
SIGN  LIQUOR  LICENSES  AND  RESIGNS.  W.  W.  FRENCH  ELECTED. 
MORE  SEIZURES  OF  VESSELS.  ASA  G.  ANDREWS,  MAYOR.  1892. 
THE  250th  ANNIVERSARY  OF  INCORPORATION. 

THE  town  form  of  government  had  been  out-grown.  As  applied 
to  a  thriving  community  of  16,000  inhabitants,  it  fell  short  of 
the  requirements  of  municipal  government.  In  many  instances  the 
annual  town  meetings  degenerated  into  a  farce,  which  the  greater 
portion  of  the  citizens  avoided.  Orators  who  aired  their  eloquence 
on  the  slightest  pretext,  ruled  the  assemblage  and,  in  many  cases, 
effectually  blocked  the  transaction  of  business  As  far  back  as  1864 
the  Telegraph  urged  that  the  time  had  arrived  when  the  citizens 
should  seriously  consider  the  adoption  of  a  city  charter. 

Among  those  who  were  in  the  van  in  the  fight  for  this  change  was 
W.  Frank  Parsons,  and  to  his  active  instrumentality,  more  than  any 
other  citizen,  the  adoption  of  a  city  charter  is  mainly  due.  Mr.  Par- 
sons, who  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  early  settler,  Jeffrey,  is  a 
native  of  this  city,  born  December  20,  1837,  and  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools. 

He  served  as  clerk  in  the  post  office  for  twenty  years,  after  which 
he  engaged  in  business  with  his  father  on  Main  Street.  He  was 


238 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


elected  to  the  Common  Council  in  1874,  '75  and  '76,  being  chosen  as 
president  of  that  body  during  the  two  latter  years.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  school  board,  this  being  his  fifteenth  year  of  service.  He  is  a 
director  in  the  Sawyer  Free  Library,  and  President  of  the  Co-opera- 
tive Bank.  He  has  always  been  in  the  ranks  of  the  progressists  of 
the  community  in  advocating  measures  for  the  public  benefit.  He 
was  foremost  in  obtaining  the  construction  of  the  system  of  the 
Gloucester  Water  Supply  Company  and  is  a  director  in  that  organiza- 
tion. 

The    proposition    for    a   change    first    came   before   the    citizens 


W.     FRANK    PARSONS. 

action  in  1871,  an  article  having  been  inserted  in  the  annual  warrant 
"to  see  if  the  town  will  petition  the  legislature  for  a  city  charter," 
and  it  was  voted,  261  to  82,  to  take  the  preliminary  steps  toward  that 
end.  Accordingly,  a  committee  of  three,  acting  with  the  selectmen, 
were  empowered  to  draw  up  a  city  charter.  The  legislature  reported 
favorably  upon  the  petition  and  granted  the  charter.  A  special  town 
meeting  was  called  to  consider  the  matter.  The  legality  of  the  call 
was  questioned,  and  it  was  voted,  75  to  28,  to  refer  the  subject  to  the 
selectmen,  they  to  call  another  meeting  within  30  days.  Another 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  239 

meeting  was  called  July  19,  to  act  upon  the  matter.  The  agitation 
against  the  change  was  effectively  worked,  and  the  meeting  voted 
249  in  favor,  477  against,  not  to  accept  the  charter  and  the  matter 
was  thus  postponed. 

Disheartened  for  a  time  but  not  discouraged,  the  advocates  of  the 
new  departure  renewed  their  efforts.  At  a  special  meeting  held 
February  20,  1873,  "  to  see  if  the  town  will  petition  the  legislature 
for  a  city  charter,"  etc.,  it  was  voted  to  so  do,  394  yeas,  48  nays, 
proving  that  the  tide  of  public  sentiment  had  turned.  A  committee, 
consisting  of  the  selectmen,  Robert  R.  Fears,  Allan  Rogers  and 
Capt.  David  Plummer,  and  four  citizens,  W.  Frank  Parsons,  Fitz  J. 
Babson,  William  Babson  and  John  Todd,  were  elected  to  draw  up  a 
charter  and  report.  They  attended  to  their  duty  conscientiously 
and,  after  much  consideration,  drafted  a  charter  following  closely 
that  adopted  by  Somerville.  The  document,  in  the  handwriting  of 
Mr.  Rogers,  was  approved  by  the  legislature,  a  petition  contain- 
ing the  names  of  702  voters,  favoring  the  project,  having  been  pre- 
sented at  the  State  House  in  the  meantime. 

At  a  special  town  meeting,  held  May  15,  the  charter  was  adopted 
by  a  majority  of  336,  the  vote  in  favor  being  689  ;  against,  353. 
The  town  had  thus  been  231  years  under  the  old  form  of  govern- 
ment. 

The  record  of  one  of  the  town's  citizens,  Benjamin  H.  Corliss, 
Esq.,  as  moderator  at  the  town  meetings  is  a  notable  one.  Mr.  Cor- 
liss was  first  chosen  to  that  position  in  March,  1847,  and  with  but 
few  exceptions,  presided  at  the  subsequent  annual  town  meetings,  a 
total  of  44,  which  does  not  include  the  many  special  meetings  at 
which  he  officiated.  This  is  believed  to  be  the  longest  term  of  ser- 
vice of  any  man  in  a  similar  capacity,  in  Massachusetts. 

DIVIDED  INTO  WARDS. 

The  sub- divisions  of  the  new  city,  as  provided  for  in  the  charter, 
comprised  eight  wards.  The  government  consisted  of  a  mayor,  eight 
aldermen,  one  from  each  ward,  and  twenty-four  common  councilmen, 
three  from  each  ward,  to  be  elected  annually.  These  in  turn,  with  a 
few  exceptions,  were  to  elect  other  operative  officers.  The  school 
committee  and  assistant  assessors  were  also  to  be  chosen  by  popular 
vote. 

Ward  One  includes  the  whole  peninsula  known  as  Eastern  Point. 
It  takes  in  so  much  of  the  city  as  lies  south  of  a  line  commencing  at 


240  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

a  point  at  Andrew  Parker's  wharf,  so-called,  running  to  East  Main 
Street,  thence  through  the  centre  of  East  Main,  easterly  through 
Beach  avenue  to  the  sea,  together  with  all  the  islands  in  the  harbor. 
It  contained  at  the  time  440  voters. 

Ward  Two  comprises  that  portion  of  the  town  known  as  the  head 
of  the  harbor,  the  Farms,  Union  Hill,  etc.  It  includes  that  territory 
that  lies  within  a  line  from  a  point  at  the  head  of  Vincent's  Spring, 
Marchant  and  Mt.  Vernon  Streets  to  a  point  near  the  Mt.  Vernon 
school-house,  north  twenty-three  degrees;  east  to  the  line  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  then  by  said  railroad  easterly  to  the  Rockport 
line  thence  by  the  Rockport  line  to  the  sea,  by  the  seashore  and 
centre  of  Beach  Avenue  to  the  northerly  bound  of  Ward  One,  then 
by  the  sea  to  the  place  of  beginning.  It  originally  contained  430 
voters. 

Ward  Three  comprises  that  territory  lying  within  a  line  commenc- 
ing at  a  point  at  the  head  of  Vincent's  Cove,  through  the  centre  of 
Vincent  Spring,  Marchant  and  Mt.  Vernon  Streets,  to  a  point  near  the 
Mt.  Vernon  school-house,  then  north  twenty-three  degrees,  east  to 
the  line  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  thence  by  said  railroad  westerly  to 
its  junction  with  Park  Street,  through  the  centre  of  Park,  Pleasant 
and  Duncan  Streets,  and  by  the  eastern  side  of  the  Gas  Company's 
wharf  to  the  harbor,  thence  by  the  shore  line  to  the  place  of 
beginning.  In  1873  it  contained  400  voters. 

Ward  Four  is  the  central  and  smallest  division  of  the  city.  It 
contains  six  churches,  the  City  Hall,  besides  a  number  of  elegant 
residences,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  valuable  business  district.  It 
comprises  as  much  of  the  city  within  a  line  commencing  at  a  point 
at  the  city  landing,  running  northerly  through  the  centre  of  Wash- 
ington Street  to  its  junction  with  Prospect,  through  the  center  of 
Prospact  and  School  Streets  to  the  line  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  by 
said  railroad  easterly  to  its  junction  with  Park  Street,  thence  through 
the  centre  of  Park,  Pleasant  and  Duncan  Streets  to  the  sea,  then  by 
the  shore  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Ward  Five  comprises  that  territory  within  the  following  bounds  : 
Commencing  at  a  point  at  the  city  landing  at  the  foot  of  Washington 
Street,  running  northerly  through  the  center  of  Washington  to  its 
junction  with  Prospect  Street,  thence  through  the  center  of  Prospect 
and  School  Streets  to  the  line  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  westerly  by 
said  railroad  to  the  channel  of  Annisquam  river,  thence  by  said  river 


PAST    MAYORS. 

,      Robert     R.     Fears:        2,    Allan    Rogers;       3,    J.    Franklin    Dyer;       4,    William    Williams:       5,    Joseph    Garland; 
6,    William    H.    Wonson,  3d;       7,   John    S.    Parsons;       8.    David    I.    Robinson;      9,    W.    W.    French. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  241 

and  canal  to  the  sea,  thence  following  the  shore  line  to  the  place  of 
beginning.  At  the  time  of  its  set  off  as  a  ward  it  contained  460 
voters. 

Ward  Six  lies  within  a  line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  Rock- 
port  boundary  clue  east  from  the  southern  end  of  Lobster  Cove 
bridge,  running  westerly  by  said  line  and  bridge  to  the  channel  of 
that  cove ;  easterly  by  said  channel  to  a  point  at  the  head  of  said 
cove,  thence  running  north  22  degrees,  west  to  the  sea,  then  by  the 
channel  of  Annisquam  river  to  the  line  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
from  said  railroad  easterly  to  the  Rockport  line,  thence  by  said  line 
to  the  place  of  beginning.  In  1891  it  was  divided  into  two  voting 
precincts.  It  originally  contained  390  voters.  It  includes  that  tract 
known  as  "up  in  town  "  and  Annisquam. 

Ward  Seven  comprises  that  part  of  the  city  lying  within  a  line 
commencing  at  a  point  due  east  from  the  southern  end  of  Lobster 
Cove  bridge,  running  westerly  by  said  line  and  bridge  to  the  channel 
of  Lobster  Cove  ;  easterly  by  said  channel  to  a  point  at  the  head  of 
said  Cove,  thence  running  north  twenty-two  degrees  west  to  the 
sea,  then  by  the  shore  easterly  to  the  Rockport  line  at  Folly  Cove ; 
southerly  by  said  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

It  contained  in  1873,  390  voters  and  generally  speaking,  comprises 
the  suburban  villages  of  Bay  View  and  Lanesville,  the  centre  of  the 
Cape  Ann  granite  industry. 

Ward  Eight  is  the  largest  in  point  of  area,  the  smallest  in  popula- 
tion. It  comprises  what  is  known  as  West  Gloucester  and  Magnolia 
and  covers  more  than  one-half  of  the  territory  of  the  town.  It 
takes  in  that  portion  of  the  city  lying  west  of  the  Canal  and  the 
channel  of  Annisquam  river  including  the  islands.  In  1886  it  was 
divided  into  two  voting  precincts,  one  for  the  Magnolia  section  and 
the  other  for  the  West  Parish. 

Wards  one,  six,  seven  and  eight  have  been  known  as  the  outer 
wards,  the  others  constituting  the  central  precincts,  but  the  increase 
of  population  to  this  date  has  changed  this  so  that  ward  seven  and 
eight  only  can  be  properly  called  suburban. 

FIRST  CITY  ELECTION. 

The  first  city  election  was  held  December  i,  1873.  The  Repub- 
licans and  Citizens  united  forces,  while  the  Democrats  presented  a 
straight  ticket.  The  Republican  nominee  for  mayor  was  Addison 


242  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Gilbert,  Esq.,  who  had  served  as  selectman  and  representative  to  the 
General  Court.  He  at  first  declined  the  honor  but  was  prevailed 
upon  to  accept. 

Robert  R.  Fears  was  the  Democratic  candidate.  Mr.  Fears  was 
elected,  receiving  1095  votes  to  698  for  Mr.  Gilbert.  The  result  was 
somewhat  of  a  surprise,  and  Mr.  Gilbert's  defeat  was  no  doubt  due  in 
a  great  measure  to  an  over-confident  remark  made  when  he  publicly 
accepted  the  nomination.  "  I  know  I  shall  be  elected  ;"  "  I  feel  it  in 
the  air." 

Robert  R.  Fears,  the  first  mayor,  is  a  native  of  the  town,  born  in 
1830.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  selectmen  in  1872  and  '73. 
In  his  younger  days  he  was  greatly  interested  in  the  militia,  being 
the  2d  lieutenant  of  the  American  Guards-  He  has  been  master  of 
Tyrian  Lodge  of  Masons,  High  Priest  of  William  Ferson  Royal  Arch 
Chapter,  Noble  Grand  of  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  Chief 
Patriarch  of  Cape  Ann  Encampment.  He  is  at  present  a  member  of 
the  school  committee.  His  administration  was  conducted  on  careful 
and  conservative  lines. 

The  first  Board  of  Aldermen  elected  were:  Ward  i,  William  H. 
Wonson,  3d,  without  opposition.  Sydney  Friend,  Democrat,  was 
chosen  in  Ward  2.  He  was  a  native.  Parker  Burnham  was  elected 
by  the  Democrats  in  Ward  3,  although  he  had  acted  with  the  Repub- 
lican party.  He  was  born  in  Essex.  In  Ward  4,  Capt.  David  Plum- 
mer,  a  native,  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  Ward  5  con- 
tinued the  success  of  the  Democrats,  Samuel  A.  Stacy,  a  prominent 
business  man  and  a  member  of  a  well-known  family,  being  elected. 
In  Ward  6,  J.  Franklin  Dyer,  Republican,  a  prominent  physician, 
was  chosen  as  aldermanic  representative.  George  Barker,  Republi- 
can, was  chosen  from  Ward  7.  Henry  Haskell,  Democrat,  was 
elected  in  Ward  8. 

1874.— HON.  ROBERT  R.  FEARS,  MAYOR. 

This  was  an  uneventful  year  in  the  history  of  the  new  city,  attended 
however,  by  prosperity  in  the  fisheries.  In  April,  Parker  Burnham, 
alderman  from  Ward  3,  died,  and  Andrew  W.  Dodd  was  elected  to 
the  vacancy.  July  I7th  a  sad  accident  occurred  which  plunged  the 
whole  community  into  grief.  Miss  Lucy  F.  Corliss,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  F.  Corliss,  a  graduate  of  Vassar,  universally  beloved  by  the 
community,  was  instantly  killed  near  the  premises  of  the  Pigeon  Hill 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


243 


Granite  Corporation.  In  company  with  a  party  of  friends  she  was 
riding  around  the  Cape,  when  a  fragment  of  stone,  weighing  some 
four  pounds,  thrown  from  a  blast  in  the  adjacent  quarries,  came 
crashing  through  the  top  of  the  vehicle,  striking  on  her  head  and 
inflicting  a  fatal  blow.  Valuation  of  the  city,  $8,473,329 ;  number 
of  polls,  3,390.  There  was  another  exciting  caucus  between  the 
Butler  and  the  anti-Butler  factions.  The  Butler  men  were  victorious. 
Vote  at  the  state  election:  Talbot,  Republican,  1,113;  Gaston, 
Democrat,  711.  Two  residents  of  the  city  ran  for  Congress  in  the 
district,  Benjamin  F.  Butler  for  re-election,  Charles  P.  Thompson,  a 


CITY  CLERK,    JOHN     J.    SOMES. 

lawyer  who  had  practiced  here  for  many  years  being  the  Democratic 
nominee.  Mr.  Thompson  was  elected,  as  was  also  Mr.  Gaston  as 
governor,  and  the  Democracy  celebrated .  their  triumph  by  a  grand 
glorification  meeting  at  City  Hall,  on  the  evening  of  November  4. 
Tuesday,  November  3,  the  Independent  Christian  Society  celebrated 
the  zooth  anniversary  of  the  first  visit  of  John  Murray  to  Gloucester. 
Mayor  Fears  was  re-elected  without  opposition,  receiving  1,40x3 
votes.  The  Board  of  Aldermen  elected  for  1875  were  as  follows  : 
Ward  i,  William  H.  Wonson,  3d ;  2,  George  Friend;  3,  Eli  F. 


244  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Stacy;  4,  Aaron  W.  Bray;  5,  Samuel  A.  Stacy;  6,  J.  Franklin 
Dyer;  7,  George  Barker;  8,  Henry  C.  L.  Haskell.  Number  of 
barrels  of  mackerel  inspected  during  the  year,  118,3135^. 

John  J.  Somes,  the  present  city  clerk,  carne  into  office  with  the 
first  city  government,  and  has  been  elected  unanimously  to  the 
position  each  succeeding  year.  He  is  a  native  and  was  born  Sep- 
tember 23,  1838.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  news  business 
at  an  early  age,  selling  the  Boston  Daily  Bee  from  Major  Mason's 
house  to  Rocky  Neck,  the  price  of  the  sheet  being  one  cent.  He 
learned  spar  work  at  16,  eventually  engaging  in  the  fish  business 
with  George  Friend  and  George  W.  Smith  until  elected  to  his 
present  position.  Mr.  Somes  takes  great  pride  in  everything  per- 
taining to  the  office,  and  his  records  are  models  of  neatness  and 
accuracy.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  Odd  Fellows  in  the  city.  He  has 
recently  erected  a  handsome  residence,  a  picture  of  which  appears 
elsewhere  near  the  scene  where  his  ancestor,  Morris,  first  settled 
in  Gloucester. 

1875.— HON.  R-  R-   FEARS,  MAYOR. 

Benjamin  K.  Hough,  a  prominent  citizen,  died  January  21.  The 
weather  in  January  was  excessively  cold,  the  harbor  was  frozen  to 
Dolliver's  Neck  to  a  depth  of  sixteen  inches.  Valuation  of  city, 
$9,238,265  ;  number  of  polls,  3,907.  August  9th,  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  repulse  of  Linzee's  attack  on  the  town  was  cele- 
brated at  Cape  Pond  Grove  by  a  grand  demonstration.  Population 
as  returned  by  the  state  enumerators,  16,754,  of  which  there  were 
398  more  males  than  females;  total  number  of  dwelling  houses, 
2,354,  of  which  68  were  unoccupied.  Charles  Boynton,  prominent  in 
town  meeting  deliberations  died  September  16.  Day's  ice  houses  at 
the  Farms  were  burned  October  7;  loss,  $20,000;  insurance 
about  38,000.  The  vote  at  the  state  election  :  Rice,  Repub- 
lican, 608;  Gaston,  Democrat,  601  ;  Baker,  Prohibition,  178.  During 
the  season  there  were  175  vessels  engaged  in  the  Bank  fisheries,  60 
during  the  entire  year,  200  in  the  Georges'  fishery  and  during  the 
period  from  April  to  October  the  fares  from  this  ground  averaged 
168  per  month;  180  vessels  were  engaged  in  the  mackerel  fisheries 
and  there  were  135  fares  of  mackerel  landed  from  shore,  425  from 
off  shore,  and  60  from  the  Bay  St.  Lawrence. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

At  the  city  election  held  in  December,  the  Republican  candidate 


HISTORY  OF   GLOUCESTER.  245 

for  mayor,  Allan  Rogers,  was  elected  over  Mayor  Fears,  for  a  third 
time  a  candidate,  the  vote  standing  1,128  for  Mr.  Rogers,  777  for 
Mr.  Fears.  The  aldermen  elected  for  1876  were:  Ward  i,  Samuel 
Haskell ;  2,  William  M.  Gaffney ;  3,  Joseph  Rowc ;  4,  Aaron  W. 
Bray;  5,  Nehemiah  D.  Cunningham;  6,  J.  Franklin  Dyer;  7,  Gil- 
man  Harvey ;  8,  Daniel  Bray,  Jr. 

Allan  Rogers,  the  second  mayor  of  Gloucester,  was  born  in  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.,  September  6,  1832.  The  family  in  America  was 
established  by  Thomas  Rogers,  who  came  over  with  the  Pilgrims 
in  the  Mayflower,  together  with  his  son  Joseph.  He  also  left  other 
sons  in  England.  He  died  in  1621,  and  his  grave  is  marked  by  a 
stone  in  the  old  burial  place  of  the  Pilgrims.  John  Rogers  of  Dux- 
bury,  a  son  of  Thomas,  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  Bridge- 
water,  although  he  never  resided  in  the  town.  Samuel,  a  descendant 
of  John  and  grandfather  of  Mayor  Rogers,  settled  in  East  Bridge- 
water  in  1700.  His  wife's  grandfather,  Capt.  Jacob  Allen,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolution  and  was  killed  at  Saratoga  at  the  capture 
of  Burgoyne  in  1777. 

Mr.  Rogers  was  educated  at  Bridgewater  Academy,  graduating  in 
the  class  of  1847,  en&aging  m  business  in  Whitman,  removing  to 
Gloucester  in  1852,  becoming  connected  with  the  dry  goods  house  of 
John  C.  Calef  &  Co.  He  married  Septembers,  1861,  Harriet,  eldest 
daughter  of  Mr.  Calef.  At  the  end  of  his  second  term  as  mayor,  in 
the  fall  of  1877,  he  was  elected  senator,  serving  for  one  term. 

Mr.  Rogers  has  been  elected  for  five  consecutive  terms  of  three 
years,  each  on  the  school  committee,  on  which  he  is  now  serving, 
being  also  connected  with  that  body,  ex-officio.  His  principal  aim,  as 
with  Mr.  Fears,  was  the  reduction  of  the  debt  of  some  $350,000, 
the  legacy  of  the  town,  and  which,  during  the  four  years  of  both 
mayors  was  reduced  some  $67,000.  Mr.  Rogers  won  the  good 
opinion  of  the  community  for  the  excellent  manner  the  affairs  of  the 
city  were  conducted  during  his  administration  and  retired  from  office 
carrying  with  him  the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  citizens. 
1876.— HON.  ALLAN  ROGERS. 

In  January,  a  great  temperance  wave,  known  as  the  "  Reynold's 
Reform"  spread  throughout  the  town.  January  27,  there  was  a 
grand  temperance  parade,  over  1,500  men  being  in  line.  March  20, 
a  severe  southeast  snowstorm  and  gale  prevailed,  and  the  schooner, 
"Jennie  R.  Diverty,"  was  blown  ashore  on  Ten  Pound  Island.  A 


246  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

life-boat,  manned  by  Azor  H.  Tuck,  Daniel  Whiston,  Joseph  Smith, 
Michael  Flaherty,  Herbert  Paul,  John  Coull,  Michael  O'Malley,  Jr., 
J.  O.  Proctor,  Jr.,  and  Charles  Lloyd  rescued  the  crew  with  great 
difficulty.  The  schooner  "Legal  Tender"  went  ashore  on  Five 
Pound  Island.  On  July  15,  Alfred  Johnson  left  port  to  cross  the 
ocean  in  a  i6-foot  dory,  the  "Centennial,"  arriving  at  Liverpool, 
England,  August  21.  On  July  4,  there  was  a  grand  centennial  cele- 
bration, including  a  trades  and  civic  procession,  antique  and  horrible 
parade,  yacht  race,  etc.  The  idea  was  conceived  by  the  members  of 
Fraternity  Lodge  of  Good  Templars,  who  started  the  movement  by 
raising  $300  to  help  defray  expenses.  Valuation  of  city,  $9,383,418; 
polls,  3,983.  Vessels  owned  in  the  district,  522,  of  a  tonnage  of 
34.58o.27. 

ELECTIONS. 

During  the  year  political  excitement  ran  high.  At  the  national 
election  1,620  votes  were  polled  for  Hayes,  Republican,  and  1,095 
for  Tilden,  Democrat.  At  the  city  election  Mayor  Rogers  was 
re-elected  without  opposition,  receiving  1,336  votes.  The  Board  of 
Aldermen  chosen  for  1877  were:  Ward  i,  Samuel  Haskell ;  2, 
William  M.  Gaffney ;  3,  Isaac  A.  S.  Steele  ;  4,  John  H.  Stacy;  5, 
Nehemiah  D.  Cunningham  ;  6,  J.  Franklin  Dyer  ;  7,  Levi  Saunders, 
8,  Daniel  Bray,  Jr. 

THE   CENTENNIAL  EXHIBIT. 

The  leading  fishing  port  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  was  fittingly 
represented  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia.  During  the 
early  part  of  the  year  meetings  of  prominent  business  men  were 
held  and  measures  taken  to  adequately  show  the  rise  and  develop- 
ment of  the  city's  industry.  Space  was  secured  in  Agricultural 
Hall  and  a  tank  23  by  12  feet  constructed.  This  was  filled  with 
water  and  models  of  fishing  craft  from  the  earliest  times  were 
floated,  full  rigged,  including  shallops,  pinkies,  bankers,  mackerel 
seiners,  with  a  design  showing  the  idea  of  setting  a  seine,  etc.  In 
one  section  a  cob  wharf  in  use  a  hundred  years  ago,  was  constructed 
and  opposite  was  the  modern  and  substantial  pile  pier  built  to-day. 
On  the  wharves  miniature  fishermen  were  represented  curing 
cod  and  packing  mackerel.  Among  the  designs  of  old  craft 
shown  was  the  pinkey  "Manchester,"  a  clipper  fisherman  in  the 
early  part  of  the  century,  and  at  the  date  of  the  exhibition  still  in 
commission  "down  east."  There  was  also  a  fine  collection  of  antique 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  247 

articles  and  curiosities  pertaining  to  the  fisheries  including  a  quad- 
rant made  in  1761  and  used  by  Capt.  Isaac  Day  together  with  an 
hour  glass  much  older.  Specimens  of  coral  and  other  substances 
drawn  from  the  bottom  on  fishermen's  trawls  were  shown.  The  whole 
exhibition  was  most  unique  and  happily  conceived  and  attracted  an 
unusual  share  of  attention. 

1877.— HON.  ALLAN  ROGERS,  MAYOR. 

This  year  like  the  preceding  was  quiet,  uneventful  and  pros- 
perous. Andrew  W.  Dodd,  a  prominent  business  man  died  May  5. 
On  July  5,  fire  destroyed  lumber  buildings  of  Swett  &  Co.,  on  Com- 
mercial Street  ;  loss  $25,000,  insurance,  $8,000.  Valuation  of  city, 
$9,621,000;  polls,  4,106.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Aaron  Jaquith  celebrated 
the  5oth  anniversary  of  their  wedding,  September  20. 

At  the  state  election,  Rice,  Republican,  received  721  votes  for 
governor,  and  Gaston,  Democrat,  678. 

CITY    ELECTION. 

At  the  city  election  in  December,  J.  Franklin  Dyer,  Republican, 
was  elected  mayor,  receiving  1075  votes  to  1006 for  Samuel  A.Stacy, 
Democrat.  Board  of  Aldermen  elected  for  1878,  Ward  I,  George 
Dennis;  2,  William  M.  Gaffney  ;  3,  Isaac  A.  S.  Steele ;  4,  George 
L.  Fears  ;  5,  Abbott  Coffin  ;  6,  William  T.  Merchant ;  7,  Levi  Saun- 
ders  ;  8,  Abraham  Haskell.  Mackerel  inspection  49,044  barrels,  a 
large  falling  off  from  previous  years. 

J.  Franklin  Dyer,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Eastport,  Me.,  April  I5? 
1826,  graduated  at  the  Bowdoin  Medical  School  in  1849,  an°l  after 
practising  two  years  in  Boston,  came  to  Annisquam,  afterwards  to 
the  city  proper,  engaging  in  the  active  duties  of  his  profession.  He 
enlisted  in  the  army  August  22,  1861,  serving  through  1864,  first  as 
surgeon  of  the  Nineteenth  Mass.,  as  Acting  Surgeon  General  of  his 
division  and  as  Acting  Medical  Director  of  the  Second  Army 
Corps.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1869,  served  upon  the 
school  committee  for  a  number  of  years,  on  the  Board  of  Health  and 
was  town  physician.  He  was  four  years  an  alderman,  then  mayor. 
He  was  a  careful,  conscientious  man,  greatly  esteemed  by  the  com- 
munity. He  died  February  i,  1879. 

THE    HALIFAX    COMMISSION  AND  ITS  AWARD  OF  $5,500,000. 

The  treaty  of  Washington,  besides  providing  a  satisfactory  settle- 
ment of  the  Alabama  claims,  and  giving  the  Canadians  free  access 


248  HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER. 

to  the  markets  of  the  United  States  for  fish  products,  Americans 
in  return  being  permitted  to  fish  without  restriction  in  Canadian 
waters,  also  contained  a  clause  providing  for  a  commission,  to  con- 
vene at  Halifax,  and  determine  how  much,  if  anything,  the  United 
States  should  pay,  for  the  fishing  privilege  accorded  her  fishermen, 
over  and  above  the  value  of  the  American  markets  for  Canadian 
caught  fish.  This  commission  met  in  the  latter  part  of  1877  and 
decided  that  the  United  States  should  pay  $5,500,000.  This  amount 
was  considered  as  excessive  in  the  extreme,  as  Americans  claim  and 
believe  that  it  was  larger  than  the  total  value  of  all  fish  taken  within 
Canadian  waters  during  the  twelve  years  the  treaty  was  in  force. 
It  was  paid,  however,  without  question.  The  American  commis- 
sioners were  Richard  H.  Dana,  Jr.,  William  Henry  Trescott  and 
Dwight  Foster. 

1878.— HON.  J.  FRANKLIN  DYER,    MAYOR. 

January  21,  Dr.  Benjamin  Haskell,  a  prominent  and  philanthropic 
citizen  of  Rockport,  died.  Valuation  of  city,  $9,063,044 ;  polls, 
4,128.  On  Sunday,  July  21,  during  a  terrific  thunder  shower,  six 
houses  were  hit  and  two  persons  killed.  The  house  at  12  Webster 
Street  was  struck,  the  electric  fluid  entering  the  chimney.  There 
were  three  persons  in  one  room,  Mrs.  George  Byers,  who  had  come 
in  from  an  adjoining  house,  Mrs.  Joseph  McPhee  and  another. 
Mrs.  Byers  was  carrying  a  child  in  her  arms  at  the  time.  All  were 
prostrated  by  the  shock,  Mrs.  Byers  and  Mrs.  McPhee  being 
instantly  killed.  The  other  woman  was  stunned,  but  soon  recovered, 
rescuing  the  child  which  lay  underneath  the  dead  body  of  Mrs. 
Byers,  the  little  one,  strange  to  say,  being  comparatively  uninjured. 
A  new  station  was  erected  by  the  Eastern  Railroad  Company.  Hon. 
W.  E.  Price,  M.  P.,  for  Tewksbury,  Gloucestershire,  and  Mrs.  Price 
made  a  second  visit  to  town  October  26,  and  were  tendered  a  recep- 
tion and  banquet  at  the  Belmont  Hotel,  at  which  Mayor  Dyer  and 
prominent  citizens  were  present. 

EXCITING  ELECTIONS. 

During  this  year  the  agitation  in  favor  of  the  greenback  for 
national  money  reached  its  height,  especially  in  Massachusetts  and 
the  Greenbackers,  as  they  were  called,  swallowed  the  Democratic 
party  almost  entirely,  a  few  only,  the  "Silvertops,"  declining  to 
amalgamate.  A  considerable  number  of  Republicans  also  went  over 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  249 

to  the  Greenbackers.  This  was  the  case  throughout  the  state.  At 
the  election,  Gen.  Butler,  the  Greenback  candidate  for  governor, 
received  1,424  votes;  Talbot,  Republican,  943  ;  Abbott,  Democrat, 
117. 

At  the  city  election  William  Williams,  the  nominee  of  the  Green- 
back party,  was  successful,  receiving  1,291  votes  for  mayor,  10813 
for  Henry  A.  Parmenter,  the  Republican  candidate.  The  aldermen 
elected  for  1879  were:  Ward  i,  George  Dennis  ;  2,  Chester  Marr, 
Jr.;  3,  Edward  L.  Rowe ;  4,  Francis  M.  Loring ;  5,  Frank  H. 
Gaffney ;  6,  George  B.  Honnors ;  7,  Charles  Piper;  8,  Eben  D. 
Currier.  Three  of  these  were  Republicans.  The  Greenback  ticket 
for  school  committee  was  also  elected. 

Hon.  William  Williams,  elected  mayor  of  Gloucester  for  the  year 
1879,  was  born  in  Newbury port,  August  6,  1814.  He  received  his 
preparatory  education  in  the  high  school  of  his  native  town  and  at 
Dummer  Academy,  graduating  at  Bowdoin  with  marked  distinction. 
He  entered  upon  the  study,  of  law  in  the  office  of  A.  W.  Welles, 
of  Newburyport,  being  afterwards  elected  principal  of  the  Marble- 
head  High  School,  and  also  chosen  representative  from  that  town. 
In  1840,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  opened  an  office  in 
town.  In  1845,  ne  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  Boston  Custom 
House,  and  served  until  1876,  when  he  retired  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  As  events  afterwards  proved,  he  demonstrated 
marked  executive  ability  and  supervised  the  expenditures  in  the 
various  departments  with  a  fidelity  and  a  conscientious  regard  to 
duty  which,  no  doubt,  averted  a  serious  financial  deficit  in  the  city 
treasury. 

THE  FORTUNE  BAY  RIOT. 

The  provisions  of  the  treaty  of  Washington  gave  American  fish- 
ermen the  privilege  of  fishing  in  provincial  waters' on  equal  ^erms 
with  British  subjects.  This  clause,  however,  met  with  much  opposi- 
tion from  the  people  of  Newfoundland,  who  considered  that  their 
rights  in  the  herring  fishery,  which  were  held  as  eminently 
their  own  property,  had  been  heartlessly  ceded  away.  The  coming 
of  the  Americans  each  winter,  to  buy  a  supply  of  herring  had  been 
eagerly  looked  forward  to,  as  it  furnished  the  principal  source  of 
revenue  upon  which  they  depended  for  subsistence.  Imagine  their 
dismay  when  they  learned  that  instead  of  purchasing  the  fish,  as 
heretofore,  the  American  fishermen  had  decided  to  seine  their  supply 


250  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

without  assistance,  as  the  Washington  treaty  gave  them  the  right. 
Starvation  under  the  new  state  of  things  stared  the  natives  in  the 
face. 

The  Gloucester  fleet,  to  the  number  of  22,  arrived  in  Fortune  Bay 
about  the  middle  of  December,  1877.  Herring  appeared  in  enormous 
quantities  January  6,  1878,  and  a  few  hours'  work  would  have  sufficed 
to  have  loaded  the  vessels.  The  schooners  "New  England,"  Capt. 
McAulay,  and  "  Ontario,"  Capt.  John  Dago,  joined  their  seines  the 
total  length  of  the  netting  being  2,400  feet  by  150  feet  deep. 
This  was  set  and  soon  filled  with  herring,  the  catch  being  estimated 
at  2,800  barrels,  and  the  other  vessels  followed  suit. 

Meanwhile  the  Newfoundland  fishermen  gathered  in  great  num- 
bers on  the  shore,  hoping  that  their  old-time  friends  might  call  on 
them  for  assistance.  When  they  saw  the  success  of  the  Americans 
they  became  maddened  and  desperate,  and,  to  the  number  of  200, 
put  off  in  boats,  approaching  the  Americans  with  threatening  lan- 
guage, ordering  them  to  cease  operations.  No  attention  being  paid 
to  these  threats  the  seines  of  the  "New  England"  and  "Ontario" 
were  seized  and  tripped,  the  fish  escaping.  This  being  accomplished, 
the  nets  were  torn  in  pieces  and  taken  away.  The  mob  next  attacked 
the  schooner  "Moses  Adams,"  Capt.  Solomon  Jacobs,  who  had  set 
his  seine,  securing  a  full  haul.  Here,  however,  they  met  with  deter- 
mined resistance.  When  they  arrived  Capt.  Jacob's  crew  were 
busily  engaged  in  scooping  the  fish  into  boats,  in  which  the  herring 
were  taken  to  the  vessel.  Three  attempts  were  made  to  capture  the 
seine,  but  the  crew  had  been  armed  with  revolvers,  and  by  threaten- 
ing to  shoot  the  first  man  who  dared  interfere,  the  mob  were  kept  at 
a  distance,  and  a  partial  cargo  secured,  when  the  Newfoundlanders 
secured  possession  of  the  net  and  allowed  the  herring  to  escape. 
If  unmolested, 'a  full  cargo  could  have  been  taken,  besides  supply- 
ing others.  The  natives,  elated  by  their  success,  celebrated  their 
victory  at  night  by  blowing  horns,  firing  salutes  and  other  demon- 
strations. On  the  next  day  the  herring  struck  off  shore,  and  it  was 
found  difficult  to  purchase  cargoes.  Some  of  the  fleet  procured 
partial  fares,  but  the  greater  part  set  sail,  in  ballast,  for  home. 

Further  occurrences  of  this  nature  may  be  recorded  here.  In 
July,  1877,  the  schooners  "•  Bay  State"  and  "Cadet"  were  deterred 
by  the  threats  of  the  local  fishermen  from  seining  squid  at  Aspey 
Bay,  C.  B.,  having  waited  nearly  a  month  for  their  appearance.  On 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  251 

August  1 6,  1879,  the  crew  °f  the  schooner  "Howard  Holbrook," 
while  on  a  Bank  trip,  put  in  to  catch  a  supply  of  bait  at  Trinity  Bay, 
N.  F.  A  crowd  of  natives  threatened  to  destroy  the  seine  and  boats 
if  an  attempt  were  made  to  fish,  the  leader  of  the  party  declaring 
that  no  one  should  set  a  seine  for  squid  within  three  miles  of  the 
shore  and  live  to  haul  it.  In  August,  1880,  the  schooners  "  Moro 
Castle"  and  "Victor"  were  intimidated  from  securing  a  supply  of 
bait  at  Conception  Bay,  N.  F.,  and  the  Provincetown  schooner 
"Minnesota"  reported  a  similar  experience.  Claims  were  made  as 
early  as  1878  for  compensation  for  losses  inflicted  by  British  sub- 
jects unlawfully  on  American  fishermen  and,  at  the  time  of  the 
latter  outrages,  negotiations  were  in  progress  for  indemnification. 
The  Newfoundland  authorities,  accordingly,  were  impelled  to  take 
measures  to  show  that  such  lawlessness  was  not  sanctioned,  and  five 
boys  were  convicted  and  fined  for  stoning  the  crew  of  the  "Minne- 
sota" while  engaged  in  procuring  bait.  In  1881,  the  United  States 
received  from  Great  Britain  $60,000,  which  was  accepted  in  full  for 
all  claims  up  to  that  date,  on  the  part  of  American  citizens  against 
the  government  of  Great  Britain.  The  Conception  and  Aspey  Bay 
cases  were  left  for  future  consideration.  The  claims  put  in  by  the 
Fortune  Bay  fleet  included  all  the  expenses  of  the  voyage,  seamen's 
wages,  etc.,  and  the  probable  profits  based  upon  the  returns  of 
previous  years.  The  latter  claim,  however,  was  not  entertained  and 
settlement  was  effected  on  the  basis  of  actual  expenses,  less  the 
value  of  cargo  secured,  with  171-2  percent  interest,  or  at  the  rate  of 
five  per  cent  per  annum. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  claims  and  final  adjustment. 

Schooner.  Actual  Expenses.      Value  of  Cargo.  Claim.  Payment. 

Bonanza,  $2,855  94  $975  °°  $3i°22  '7  $2,210  10 

Bunker  Hill,  3>i?9  5°  ',962  oo  2,677  °°  I»43°  56 

Charles  C.   Warren,  4,610  oo  2,430  oo  4,680  oo  2,561   50 

Crest  of  the  Wave,  2,619  04  4,619  04  3,077  37 

Edward  E.   Webster,  1,754  50  4,654  50  2,061  44 

F.  A.  Smith,  2,495  5°  4*895  50  2,932  21 

Fred.  P.  Frye,  2,150  oo  450  oo  3»7°°  °°  I»997  5° 

Herbert  M.  Rogers,  3,066  18  1,120  oo  5)876  30  2,186  70 

Hereward,  4,300  oo  562  oo  5,74$  oo  4>932  15 

Isaac  Rich,  2,986  09  IȤ36  oo  2,491  09  I>351  36 

John  W.  Bray,  2,714  52  1,525  45  3,589  07  1,397   16 

Lizzie  &  Namari,  3»'33  65  569  25  5.564  40  3>°'3  !7 

Mary  M.,  2,180  53  200  oo  5,480  53  3»327    12 


Actual  Expenses. 

Value  of  Cargo. 

Claim. 

Payment. 

3,333  13- 
3.797  84 

954  oo 
2,067  5° 

4,379  T3 
2,53°  34 

2,795  48 
2,°33  J5 

2,153  18 
2,607  30 
2,661  60 

i  ,02  1  26 

305  oo 

4,134  19 
8,586  05 
5.356  60 
3,35°  °° 

2,529  99 
1,863  60 
2,769  oo 
2,722  18 

J,530  97 
-Id,      2,153  95 

3,35°  °° 
6,309  82 

4,953  95 

2,995  74 
1,798  89 

2,530  89 

252  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Schooner. 
Maud  &  Effie, 
Maud  B.  Wetherell, 
Moro  Castle, 
Moses  Adams, 
Moses  Knowlton, 
New  England, 
Ontario, 
Wildfire, 
William  E.  McDonald, 

1877.— HON.  WILLIAM  WILLIAMS,  MAYOR. 

During  the  first  week  in  office,  Mayor  Williams  discovered  that  a 
deficit  of  $8,600  existed  in  the  city  treasury.  This  was  made  good 
by  the  bondsmen  of  the  treasurer,  and  they  in  turn  were  reimbursed, 
partially  by  that  official  and  others  interested.  The  treasurer  re- 
signed his  office  January  10. 

Edward  Dolliver  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  January  30  and 
has  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position  acceptably  and  with  fidelity 
to  the  important  trust  reposed  in  him  to  the  present  time.  He  is  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  first  settler  of  the  name.  He  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools,  and  when  a  young  man  became  a  partner  in 
the  establishment  of  E.  S.  L.  Dolliver,  in  which  he  continued  until 
his  election  as  custodian  of  the  municipal  finances. 

Chester  Marr,  Jr.,  alderman  from  ward  two,  after  a  brief  term  of 
service,  resigned,  and  Benjamin  R.  Wonson  was  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

PROTEST  AGAINST  TREATY  OF  WASHINGTON. 
There  had  always  been  dissatisfaction  with  the  Washington  treaty 
which  gave  the  Canadians  free  access  to  our  markets  for  their  prod- 
ucts and  the  fishing  interest  of  the  town  frequently  remonstrated 
against  its  continuance.  On  January  1 1,  the  representatives  of  the 
firms  held  a  meeting  at  the  Mutual  Fishing  Insurance  Company's 
rooms  and  adopted  a  memorial  to  Congress  asking  for  its  abrogation. 
A  committee,  consisting  of  Charles  H.  Pew,  Joseph  Rowe,  Sylvester 
Cunningham,  David  Tarr  and  David  S.  Presson,  were  chosen  to  pro- 
ceed to  Washington  and  present  this  petition  to  the  proper  authori- 
ties. It  was  also  voted  to  invite  other  New  England  fishing  towns 
to  co-operate  with  Gloucester  to  this  end. 

GREAT  GALE   ON  GEORGE'S. 

During  a  gale  which  prevailed  on  Georges  February  20  and  21, 
13  vessels  with  their  crews  of  143  brave  fishermen  were  over- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


253 


whelmed  and  destroyed.  These  left  53  widows  and  139  children. 
Since  the  previous  December  the  loss  of  life  had  been  heavy,  over 
222  men  being  sacrificed  to  the  fury  of  old  ocean.  Under  these  cir- 
cumstances great  poverty  prevailed.  The  great  heart  of  the  country, 
sympathizing  deeply  with  the  town  in  its  great  affliction  opened  its 
bounty  and  contributions,  amounting  to  over  $35,000,  poured  in  for 
the  benefit  of  those  so  rudely  deprived  of  husband  and  father. 

OTHER  EVENTS. 
July  10,  Miss  Martha  Marvin,  of  Walton,  N.  Y.,  a  summer  visitor 


CITY   TREASURER,    EDWARD  DOLLIVER. 

at  Magnolia,  was  washed  off  the  rocks  near  Rafes'  Chasm,  and 
drowned.  Valuation  of  the  city,  $8,022,678  ;  tonnage,  496  vessels  of 
28,767. 50  tons.  State  election  ;  vote  for  governor,  Butler,  Democrat, 
1,299;  Long,  Republican,  1,016.  November  25,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
Pew  celebrated  their  golden  wedding.  Inspection  of  mackerel 
48,643  barrels. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

At  the  city  election,  mainly  through    misrepresentation,    Mayor 
Williams  was  defeated  fora  second  term,  Joseph  Garland,  the  Repub- 


254  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

lican  nominee,  receiving  1,260  votes  to  954  for  Mr.  Williams.  The 
aldermen  elected  for  1880,  were,  Ward  i,  Addison  Wonson ;  2, 
William  M.  Gaffney  ;  3,  George  Todd  ;  4,  Horatio  N.  Andrews  ;  5, 
Frank  H.  Gaffney  ;  6,  Jacob  Tucker;  7,  Charles  Piper;  8,  Eben  D- 
Currier. 

The  newly  elected  mayor,  Joseph  Garland,  is  a  native  of  Hampton, 
N.  H.,  like  his  predecessor,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin,  and  afterwards  of 
the  Jefferson  Medical  College.  At  the  time  of  his  election,  he  was 
president  of  the  Essex  South  District  Medical  Society.  Previous  to 
entering  the  medical  profession,  he  taught  school  in  town  and  served 
on  the  school  committee  at  various  periods.  With  this  exception 
he  has  not  before  held  public  office.  He  is  highly  esteemed  in  the 
community,  where  he  has  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  life. 

1880.— HON.  JOSEPH  GARLAND,  MAYOR. 

Janurary  29,  meetings  were  held  at  Annisquam  and  Lanesville  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  measures  for  the  setting  off  of  Ward  7,  and  a 
portion  of  Ward  6  as  a  town.  June  12,  dory,  "Little  Western," 
manned  by  Geo.  P.  Thomas  and  Fred  Norman,  sailed  from  town  for 
a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  The  national  census  showed  a  popu- 
lation of  19,346,  a  gain  of  2,595  during  the  preceding  five  years. 
Valuation  of  the  town,  $8,101.150.  Polls  3,493.  Independence  Day 
was  celebrated  by  a  grand  parade.  Lord  Bros,  were  awarded  the 
contract  to  build  the  Babson  school-house  on  Park  Street  for  $17,498. 
This  edifice  was  erected  on  site  of  an  old  burial  ground.  Gorham  P. 
Low,  a  retired  shipmaster  and  prominent  citizen,  died  August  5. 
Presidential  election  vote,  Garfield,  Republican,  1,384;  Hancock, 
Democrat,  1,138;  Weaver,  Greenbacker,  64.  For  governor,  Long, 
Republican,  1,265;  Chas.  P.  Thompson  of  Gloucester,  Democrat, 
1,263  5  Sargent,  Greenback,  46.  Representatives  elected,  W.  H. 
Wonson,  3d,  I.  A.  S.  Steele,  J.  O.  Procter.  B.  H.  Smith.  Esq., 
graduate  of  Brown,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  politician,  died  Novem- 
ber 22,  aged  47  years. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

Mayor  Garland  was  re-elected  without  opposition,  receiving  1,789 
votes.  Aldermen  elected  for  1881,  Ward  i,  Addison  Wonson;  2, 
Eli  O.  Cleaves  ;  3,  George  Todd  ;  4,  George  L.  Fears ;  5,  Frank  H. 
Gaffney;  6,  Jacob  Tucker;  7,  Charles  Piper;  8,  Eben  D.  Currier. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  256 

During  the  year  the  water  question  came  prominently  forward  as 
a  matter  of  municipal  debate.  Mackerel  inspection  for  the  year, 
1 16,792  barrels. 

i88r.— HON.  JOSEPH  GARLAND,  MAYOR. 

Eli  F.  Stacy,  a  prominent  citizen  and  member  of  the  Democratic 
party,  died  May  8,  aged  64  years,  9  months.  Valuation  of  city, 
$8,977,559.  Number  of  polls,  3,664.  R.  A.  Tibbetts,  a  native  of 
Salem  for  many  years,  a  prominent  business  man,  died  October  18, 
aged  65.  State  election,  vote  for  governor,  Long,  739,  Thompson, 
556.  Number  of  vessels  in  the  fishing  fleet,  437,  four  less  than  the 
previous  year.  Mackerel  inspection,  113,203  barrels. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

At  the  annual  municipal  election  in  December,  ex-Mayor  Williams 
was  again  elected  chief  executive,  receiving  1,011  votes  to  863,  for 
David  I.  Robinson.  Aldermen  elected  for  1882.  Ward  i,  Addison 
Wonson  ;  2,  John  S.  Parsons  ;  3,  Asa  G.  Andrews  ;  4,  George  L. 
Fears ;  5,  Charles  Babson  ;  6,  Jacob  Tucker  ;  7,  Charles  Piper  ;  8, 
Eben  D.  Currier. 

1882.— HON.  WILLIAM    WILLIAMS,  MAYOR. 

February  5,  a  severe  gale  prevailed  on  Georges,  four  vessels,  with 
53  men,  foundered,  leaving  27  widows  and  66  orphans.  Tonnage, 
483  vessels,  aggregating  27,809.75  tons.  Independence  Day  was 
celebrated  by  an  antique  and  horrible  procession  and  general  festivi- 
ties. Valuation  of  the  city,  $9,470,313.  Number  of  polls,  3,681. 
William  Parsons,  2d,  prominent  outfitter  died  October  I,  aged  67 
years.  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  dedicated,  October  26.  State  election, 
Butler,  Greenback  and  Democrat,  1,426;  Bishop,  Republican,  1,045. 
A  grand  Democratic  demonstration  was  held  at  City  Hall  to  cele- 
brate Butler's  election  as  governor,  November  13.  Indignation 
meeting  held  at  City  Hall,  November  23,  to  protest  against  the 
arbitrary  monopoly  of  Boston  and  New  York  fresh  fish  dealers  ;  this 
combination  collapsed  in  a  short  time.  Rev.  Wm.  Lamson,  D.  D., 
Baptist  divine,  died  November  29,  aged  70  years. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

At  the  city  election  held  in  December,  William  H.  Wonson,  3d, 
the  Republican  candidate,  was  elected  mayor  receiving  1,073  votes  to 
992  for  ex-Mayor  Fears,  Democratic  candidate.  The  Board  of  Al- 


256 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


dermen  elected  for  the  next  year  were  :  Ward  i,  Samuel  Montgom- 
ery ;  2,  John  S.  Parsons ;  3,  Charles  S.  Marchant ;  4,  Charles  C. 
Cressy  ;  5,  Isaac  N.  Story ;  6,  Charles  F.  Lane ;  7,  George  W. 
Ouinn  ;  8,  Isaac  P.  Morse. 

William  H.  Wonson,  3d,  the  sixth  mayor  of  Gloucester,  is  a  native 
of  the  town.  He  was  born  June  22,  1826.  He  had  served  as  select- 
man and  in  the  aldermen  during  1874  and  1875  and,  for  the  two 
years  previous  to  his  election  as  mayor,  had  been  representative  to 
the  General  Court.  He  made  a  very  successful  chief  executive.  He 
has  always  been  engaged  in  the  fish  business. 


CLERK  OF  THE  COMMON    COUNCIL,    ALFRED  F.   STICKNEY. 

At  the  election  the  city  voted  to  grant  liquor  licenses,  by  a  vote 
of  921  yeas  ;  751  nays. 

Alfred  F.  Stickney,  since  1882,  clerk  of  the  Common  Council 
and  of  the  Board  of  Health^  is  a  native,  born  February  16,  1838. 
He  early  entered  the  journalistic  ranks,  becoming  connected  with 
the  Cape  Ann  Advertiser  in  1856,  remaining  with  that  paper 
until  1864  when  he  accepted  the  position  of  Associate  Editor  of  the 
Telegraph  which  he  held  until  1877,  when  he  returned  to  the  Adver- 
tiser in  a  like  capacity  and,  at  its  inception,  with  the  Daily  Times, 


HIS TOK Y  OF  GLO UCES TER.  257 

with  which  he  is  at  present  connected.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
school  committee  since  1870,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  period, 
serving  20  years,  in  all,  the  longest  term,  but  one,  of  any  member — 
the  late  Hon.  John  J.  Babson.  Mr.  Stickney  is  a  reliable  and  con- 
scientious journalist,  whose  labors  especially  in  compiling  historical 
and  statistical  data  have  been  of  great  value.  He  is  a  first-class  sten- 
ographer, which  makes  his  services  in  the  common  council,  to  which 
he  has  always  been  elected  clerk  unanimously,  particularly  valuable. 

1883.— HON.  W.  H.  WONSON,  3d,  MAYOR. 

During  the  first  week  in  March,  the  entire  fishing  fleet  remained 
in  port,  the  men  refusing  to  sail.  The  cause  of  this  was  the  predic- 
tion by  Wiggins,  the  Canadian  weather  prophet,  of  a  great  gale, 
which  however,  failed  to  materialize  on  time.  James  Mansfield,  a 
prominent  fishing  outfitter,  died  July  14.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Salem,  and  came  here  when  a  young  mechanic,  married  the  daughter 
of  William  Murphy,  who  owned  the  property,  until  recently,  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  Mansfield's  descendants.  He  engaged  in  the  fisheries 
and  died  in  1846.  The  valuation  of  the  town  showed  a  gain  of  over 
a  million  and  a  half  from  the  last  year,  it  being  reported  at  $i  1,203,- 
457;  number  of  polls,  3,951.  In  the  month  of  August  several 
prominent  citizens  lost  about  $450,000  in  stock  dealing.  One  of 
the  wealthiest  was  reported  to  have  liabilities  footing  up  nearly 
$300,000.  This  year  the  skating  rink  craze  reached  its  height. 
During  the  evening  of  October  2,  the  postoffice  was  broken  into,  the 
safe  blown  open  and  $1,450  in  money,  $51 1.75  in  postage  stamps, 
$4,900  in  bonds  and  $7,500  in  notes  stolen.  The  burglars,  a  gang 
of  professionals,  were  afterwards  captured  and  sentenced  to  a  term 
in  state's  prison. 

Other  burglaries  followed  three  nights  afterwards,  residences  and 
business  houses  being  entered  and  considerable  booty  obtained. 
John  S.  E.  Rogers,  for  thirty-two  years  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Gloucester  Telegraph,  died  October  26.  Vote  at  the  state  election : 
Butler,  1,473;  Robinson,  Republican,  1,191. 

CITY  ELECTION. 

For  the  first  time  a  four-cornered  mayoralty  contest  occurred. 
Mr.  Wonson  was  re-elected,  receiving  873  votes  ;  Daniel  D.  Saun- 
ders,  454;  William  Williams,  282;  David  I  Robinson,  635.  Board 
of  Aldermen  elected  for  1884:  Ward  I,  Samuel  Montgomery;  2, 


258  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

John  P.  Parsons;  3,  Charles  S.  Marchant ;  4,  Charles  C.  Cressy; 
5,  Isaac  N.  Story ;  6,  Charles  F.  Lane ;  7,  George  W.  Quinn  ;  8, 
Isaac  P.  Morse.  Vote  for  license  :  No,  990;  yes,  845. 

During  gales  which  prevailed  in  August  and  September  on 
George's,  12  vessels  with  149  men  were  sacrificed  to  the  fury  of  the 
waves. 

1884.— HON.  W.  H.   WONSON,  3d,  MAYOR. 

Pebbly  Beach  House  at  Bass  Rocks,  burned  May  4;  loss,  $15,000, 
insurance,  $10,000.  Valuation  of  the  city,  $11,381,112.  Number 
of  polls,  3,927. 

ELECTION. 

At  the  presidential  election  in  November,  Blaine,  Republican,  re- 
ceived, 1,291;  Cleveland,  Democrat,  961;  Butler,  Greenback,  309; 
St.  John,  Prohibition,  110;  for  governor,  Robinson,  Republican, 
1,318;  Endicott,  Democrat,  951;  McCaffrey,  Greenback,  303; 
Seelye,  Prohibition,  114. 

The  Democracy  on  the  reception  of  the  news  of  Cleveland's  elec- 
tion fired  a  salute  of  219  guns,  the  number  of  electoral  votes  re- 
ceived, and  a  string  of  brooms  was  stretched  across  Main  Street  to 
denote  a  clean  sweep. 

The  city  election  resulted  in  a  great  surprise.  The  candidates 
were  John  S.  Parsons,  Citizen's  candidate,  Charles  C.  Cressy,  Demo- 
crat and  Henry  A.  Parmenter,  Republican.  Mr.  Parsons  originally 
came  into  the  city  government  on  the  election  of  Mayor  Williams, 
being  elected  to  the  common  council.  The  next  fall  he  in  common 
with  many  of  the  Greenback  candidates  failed  of  a  re-election.  At 
the  end  of  the  year  Mr.  Parsons  arose  in  the  council,  referring  to 
the  course  of  a  newspaper  in  indulging  some  criticisms  after  the  re- 
sult of  the  election  had  become  known  and  said  that  though  defeated 
he  expected  to  come  into  the  city  government  again  and  be  heard. 
His  remarks  were  prophetic.  He  was  afterwards  elected  twice  to  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  and  to  the  highest  honors  in  the  gift  of  the 
citizens.  Mr.  Parsons  was  an  active  laboring  man,  engaged  in  the 
removal  of  buildings.  His  facilities  for  education  had  been  exceed- 
ingly limited,  but  these  disadvantages  were  overbalanced  by  hard, 
practical  common  sense.  There  were  those  who  affected  to  believe 
in  his  election  a  joke,  but  before  his  administration  had  been  brought 
to  a  close  they  had  changed  their  opinion.  In  disposition,  he  was  of 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  259 

the  honest,  aggressive,  village  Cromwell  type  of  man,  who  unflinch- 
ingly and  uncompromisingly  fought  evils  from  which  other  men  re- 
coiled with  a  realizing  sense  of  their  helplessness.  He  is  a  native, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  election,  was  50  years  of  age. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  and  even  before,  the  municipal  and 
state  constabulary,  had  been  waging  a  constant  warfare  on  illegal 
sellers  of  liquor,  the  prohibitory  laws  being  in  force  the  greater  part 
of  the  time.  During  the  previous  15  years  and  notably  the  preced- 
ing five,  the  great  success  of  the  fisheries,  the  marked  increase  of 
population  and  the  plenteousness  of  money  among  all  classes,  espec- 
ially seafaring  men,  attracted  the  attention  of  numerous  harpies  from 
the  outside,' and  houses  of  ill  repute,  free  and  easies,  etc.  sprang  up 
like  mushrooms  on  all  sides.  The  effects  of  these  combined  social 
evils  were  severely  felt  in  all  circles  of  the  community.  Press,  pulpit 
and  public,  cried  aloud  for  the  stamping  out  of  these  places. 
In  this  perplexing  condition  of  things  now  came  forward  John  S. 
Parsons  and  pledged  himself  if  elected,  to  eradicate  these  evils  and 
send  their  promoters  stampeding  over  the  Cut  bridge.  He  was 
taken  at  his  word.  He  made  his  promises  good  before  leaving  the 
office,  and  on  his  assuming  its  duties,  began  vigorously  cleansing  the 
city's  Augean  stables.  How  well  the  years  of  Parson's  Purge  were 
put  to  use,  will  appear.  The  Board  of  Alderman  elected  for  1885, 
were:  Ward  i,  George  M.  Wonson  ;  2,  George  A.  Watson;  3, 
D.  Somes  Watson;  4,  Howard  Steele  ;  5,  Isaac  N.  Story;  6,  Daniel 
G.  Hodgkins  ;  7,  Charles  Skinner;  8,  Joseph  W.  Andrews.  Vote  on 
license,  yes,  1,565  ;  no,  699. 

1886. —  HON.     JOHN     S.     PARSONS,     MAYOR. —  SUCCESSFUL     CRUSADE 
AGAINST  LAW-BREAKERS.— TROUBLE  WITH  CITY  MARSHALS. 

Immediately  after  his  inauguration,  Mayor  Parsons  began  his  work 
of  moral  reform.  His  first  point  of  attack  was  the  office  of  the  city 
marshal,  then  held  by  Capt.  Joseph  A.  Moore.  Mayor  Parsons 
made  a  vigorous  onslaught  on  that  official,  making  many  nominations 
for  the  office  which  the  aldermen  refused  to  confirm.  The  mayor's 
point  was  that  the  law  was  not  enforced  against  the  houses  of  ill- 
repute.  While  the  marshal  was  attending  the  Superior  Court,  the 
mayor,  with  characteristic  energy,  procured  warrants  and,  leading 
the  police  force,  made  several  successful  raids  on  the  proscribed 
places.  After  three  months  of  these  tactics  City  Marshal  Moore 


260  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

resigned.  It  is  but  fair  to  say  that  Mr.  Moore  was  unjustly  held 
responsible  for  the  growth  of  evils  which,  since  1860  had  become 
firmly  established  and  were  present  long  before  the  town  became  a 
city. 

Mayor  Parsons  then  had  an  opportunity  to  place  his  hand  on  the 
throttle  of  the  police  department,  by  installing  the  man  of  his  choice. 
After  several  nominations  for  the  position,  Capt  Robert  Tarr,  who 
had  served  with  much  distinction  in  the  navy,  was  nominated  and 
confirmed  as  the  head  of  the  police  force.  The  new  marshal  imme- 
diately began  a  vigorous  war  on  the  illegal  liquor  sellers.  These 
latter  endeavored  to  protect  themselves  by  locking  their  supply  of 
liquors  in  safes.  Mr.  Tarr  was  equal  to  the  emergency.  Skilled 
locksmiths  were  secured,  and  what  combinations  resisted  opening 
were  drilled  into.  By  this  means  evidence  was  secured  upon  which 
convictions  were  eventually  made.  It  was  claimed  that  these  safe 
seizures  were  illegal.  Judge  Brigham,  of  the  Superior  Court 
held  that  they  were  receptacles  for  liquor,  but  ordered  them  returned 
to  their  owners.  Although  the  city  had  voted  to  grant  liquor  licenses 
such  action  was  successfully  resisted.  The  mayor  endeavored  to 
appoint  license  commissioners,  but  after  prolonged  nominations  and 
discussion  the  scheme  fell  through. 

This  war  on  law-breakers  continued  without  change  until  July,  when 
the  mayor  addressed  a  letter  to  the  marshal,  acknowledging  the 
improvement  made  by  the  latter  at  first,  but  stating  that  for  some 
reason,  work  against  evil-doers  had  been  relinquished  until  matters 
"were  not  only  back  in  the  same  old  ditch  but  further  in  than  ever 
before,"  at  the  same  time  offering  suggestions  whereby  operations 
might  be  made  effective.  Marshal  Tarr  made  a  vigorous  rejoinder, 
in  which  he  said  that  the  affairs  of  the  police  department  were  being 
conducted  to  the  best  of  his  ability.  July  7,  in  a  second  letter,  the 
mayor  asked  for  the  marshal's  resignation.  Mr.  Tarr  sent  back  an 
answer  which  was  virtually  a  refusal,  and  from  this  time  to  the  end 
of  the  year  the  mayor  had  another  marshalship  fight  on  his  hands. 
In  September,  without  the  knowledge  of  the  marshal,  the  mayor 
employed  two  detectives,  who  visited  the  various  places  of  evil 
resort,  securing  evidence,  bringing  offenders  to  court,  but  they  were 
shown  to  be  unreliable,  failing  to  appear  in  the  Superior  Court  when 
needed.  Thus  the  matter  dragged  on,  but  an  effectual  fight  was 
kept  up  on  the  resorts.  In  December,  two  days  after  the  city  elec- 


I.   RESIDENCE  OF  J.  J.  SOMES,  WASHINGTON  STREET. 

2.  RESIDENCE  OF  C.  C.  CRESSY,  ORCHARD  STREET. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  261 

tion,  Mr.  Tarr  resigned  his  position,  stating  in  his  letter  "that 
nothing  could  induce  him  to  serve  any  longer  under  Mayor  Parsons 
in  an  office  which  he  had  accepted  at  the  first  against  his  better 
judgment."  Previous  to  this  the  marshal  had  accused  the  mayor  of 
successfully  interceding  in  behalf  of  convicted  liquor  dealers  in  the 
Superior  Court. 

MAYOR    PARSONS    RE-ELECTED. 

The  city  was  kept  in  a  perpetual  state  of  excitement  by  these 
developments.  Popular  feeling  was  strongly  aroused,  the  issue  at  the 
city  election  being  Parsons  and  anti-Parsons.  The  mayor  was 
renominatedon  the  Citizen's  ticket,  Frank  H.  Gaffney  by  the  Demo- 
crats, and  Fitz  J.  Babson  by  the  Republicans.  Mayor  Parson's 
administration  was  indorsed,  he  receiving  1,117  votes  ;  Gaffney,  806; 
Babson,  584.  Strange  to  say,  the  town  voted  in  favor  of  issuing 
liquor  licenses,  yes,  1,170;  no,  1,147.  The  aldermen  elected  for 
1886  were  :  Ward  I,  George  M.  Wonson  ;  2,  Samuel  P.  Smith  ;  3, 
D.  Somes  Watson;  4,  John  Q.  Bennett;  5,  Isaac  N.  Story;  6, 
Samuel  Curtis,  Jr.  ;  7,  Charles  Piper,  a  tie  resulting  between  Clarence 
L.  Richardson  and  William  A.  Romans,  Jr.,  in  Ward  8,  Mr.  Romans 
being  afterwards  elected  to  the  position. 

Other  events :  February  9,  a  violent  southeasterly  storm  pre- 
vailed, during  which  the  schooner  "Julia  Norton"  was  cast  ashore 
near  Long  Beach.  The  Ferguson  Block  was  completed  in  February. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  C.  Calef  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  June  3. 
Valuation,  $12,292,505,  a  large  increase  being  noted.  State  census 
return  of  population,  21,713,  an  increase  of  2, 384  over  1880.  Golden 
wedding  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Denmark  Procter  celebrated  October  27. 
During  a  gale  November  i,  the  schooner  "Clara  Fletcher,"  loaded 
with  potatoes  was  cast  ashore  near  Freshwater  Cove.  Vote  for 
governor  at  the  state  election  :  Robinson,  Republican,  961  ;  Prince, 
Democrat,  756. 

T886.— JOHN  S.  PARSONS,  MAYOR. 

Mayor  Parsons  entered  upon  the  second  year  of  his  administration, 
having  accomplished  a  much  needed  reform,  a  host  of  lawbreakers 
having  been  driven  from  the  town.  Those  that  remained  received 
no  quarter.  They  were  followed  up  with  a  zeal  that  knew  no  weari- 
ness. The  city  marshal's  office  being  vacant,  George  Douglass,  one 
of  the  mayor's  ardent  supporters,  was  confirmed  for  the  position, 
after  several  nominees  had  been  rejected.  Nothing  especial,  besides 


262  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  unremitting  war  on   the  liquor  dealers  and  houses  of  ill  repute 
occurred  of  municipal  note. 

February  14,  the  severest  freshet  in  the  history  of  the  town 
occurred,  preceded  by  a  three  days'  rain  storm.  The  roads  at  Fresh- 
water Cove,  West  Gloucester,  and  other  sections  were  gullied  four 
and  five  feet  deep,  rendering  them  impassable.  Fitz  E.  Riggs,  a 
prominent  merchant,  died  March  8,  aged  74  years.  Valuation  of  the 
town,  $12,530,300;  number  of  polls,  5,538. 

FISHERY  TROUBLES. 

The  Treaty  of  Washington  having  terminated,  the  fishery  ques- 
tion again  came  up  in  a  disagreeable  phase.  During  this  year,  owing 
to  the  alleged  infractions  of  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  of  1818,  on 
the  part  of  our  fishing  vessels,  seizures  were  made,  the  Canadian 
government  having  established  an  aggressive  cruiser  patrol  service. 

May  7,  the  schooner  "  David  J.  Adams,"  owned  by  Capt.  Jesse 
Lewis,  commanded  by  Capt.  Landry,  was  seized  in  Digby  Basin, 
N.  S.,  by  Capt.  Scott  of  the  cruiser  "  Lansdowne"-  charged  with 
buying  bait  of  Canadian  fishermen.  An  offer  was  made  to  release 
the  craft  on  payment  of  $1,000,  but,  acting  under  advice,  Capt.  Lewis 
declined  the  proposition,  and  up  to  date  has  no  compensation  for  the 
loss  inflicted.  The  schooner  "  Ella  M.  Doughty,"  of  Portland, 
was  seized  in  May,  while  in  Cape  Breton  waters,  for  the  alleged 
illegal  purchasing  of  bait.  She  was  valued  at  $9,500,  and  was  finally 
bonded  and  released. 

The  schooners,  "City  Point,"  "George  W.  Gushing"  and  "  G.  B. 
Harrington,"  of  Portland  were  severally  fined  $400  for  alleged  illegal 
purchasing  of  bait.  The  schooner  "  Marion  Grimes,"  was  seized  at 
Shelburne,  N.  S.for  an  alleged  infraction  of  the  fishery  laws,  but 
was  released;  the  schooner  "  Highland  Light,"  was  seized  off  Prince 
Edward  Island  by  the  cruiser  "  Howlett,"  for  alleged  fishing  within 
the  three-mile  limit.  She  was  adjudged  guilty,  confiscated  and 
transformed  into  a  Canadian  cruiser,  her  name  being  changed  to  the 
"Vigilant."  She  was  valued  at  $12,000.  The  schooners  " Joseph 
Story"  and  "  Here  ward  "  were  also  intercepted,  but  afterwards  re- 
leased. The  schooner  "  Flying  Scud  "  was  also  detained  at  Halifax 
for  alleged  illegal  purchase  of  supplies,  but  was  released.  The 
schooner  "Moro  Castle,"  charged  with  smuggling,  some  two  years 
previous  was  intercepted  and  held  in  $1600,  but  was  released  on  pay- 
ment of  a  fine  of  $1,000.  The  schooner  "Earl  Nelson,""  of  Province- 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  263 

town,  was  apprehended,  but  was  released  unconditionally.  Accord- 
ing to  newspaper  accounts  the  masters,  in  some  instances,  admitted 
the  truth  of  the  charges  leading  to  the  seizures. 

DEATH  OF  HON.  JOHN  JAMKS  BABSON. 

Hon.  John  James  Babson,  the  author  of  a  History  of  Gloucester 
published  in  1860,  a  model  work  of  its  kind,  died  April  13,  in  his  7$th 
year.  He  was  in  many  respects  one  of  the  town's  most  useful  citi- 
zens. He  seryed  30  years  continuously  on  the  school  committee,  a 
longer  time  than  any  other  person  and  was  for  many  years  chairman 
of  the  board.  He  was  elected  selectman  in  1859,  representative  in 
1859,  '60,  '76,  '77,  state  senator  in  1861-62  and  Bank  Commissioner 
in  1864-65,  besides  holding  many  other  offices  of  trust  and  responsi- 
bility. His  researches  into  local  history  and  especially  that  part 
relating  to  the  early  settlers,  was  thorough  and  comprehensive. 

OTHER  EVENTS. 

At  the  city  election  December  7,  David  I.  Robinson,  the  Temper- 
ance Republican  candidate  was  elected  mayor,  receiving  1,132  votes 
to  990  for  Frank  H.  Gaffney  and  256  for  Dr.  George  Morse.  Vote 
on  license,  no,  1259  ;  yes,  985. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  elected  for  1887,  were:  Ward  i,  William 
H.  Cook  ;  2,  George  H.  Watson  ;  3,  Howard  E.  Gaffney ;  4,  Joseph 
C.  Shepherd;  5,  William  H.  Dennen ;  6,  Samuel  Curtis,  Jr.;  7, 
Charles  Piper  ;  8,  William  A.  Homans,  Jr. 

David  P.  Robinson  was  born  in  Manchester,  Mass.,  October  6, 
1844,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  ( Ingersoll)  Robinson.  He  is 
a  decendant  of  Abraham  Robinson,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  probably 
a  branch  of  the  family  of  Rev.  John  Robinson,  of  Pilgrim  fame. 
He  removed  to  Alton,  Illinois,  where  he  received  a  high  school 
education  and,  in  1863  and  1864,  taught  in  that  section.  He 
enlisted  in  the  I33d  Regiment  111.  Vols.,  Co.  H.,  receiving  an 
appointment  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  as  first  lieuten- 
ant, in  a  regiment  then  recruiting,  but  owing  to  illness,  was  not  again 
mustered  into  service,  but  served  in  the  Provost  Marshal's  office, 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1864,  he  married  Nellie,  daughter  of 
Samuel  E.  and  Hannah  ( Gott )  Smith,  of  Gloucester,  soon  after 
engaging  in  business  with  Stockbridge  &  Smith  as  book-keeper,  then 
as  partner,  under  the  name  of  Stockbridge  &  Co.,  and  later  as  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  the  Atlantic  Halibut  Co.,  in  which  business 


264  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

he  is  engaged  at  the  present  time.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 
He  was  elected  councilman  in  1880-1881,  the  latter  year  being  chosen 
president  of  the  Common  Council.  During  his  incumbency  many 
radical  improvements  were  inaugurated,  among  them  the  erection  of 
the  new  High  School,  police  and  armory  buildings.  The  city  debt 
was  bonded  at  a  reduced  rate  of  interest,  and  a  large  amount  of 
street  area  paved.  He  has  always  occupied  a  prominent  position  in 
Templarism,  and  has  held  the  highest  office  in  the  gift  of  the  Temple 
of  Honor,  that  of  Most  Worthy  Templar  of  the  World.  He  is  deacon 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  and  superintendent  of  its  Sunday  school, 
a  member  of  the  Temple  of  Honor,  Sons  of  Temperance,  Grand  Army 
and  the  Masonic  Fraternity. 

1887.  — HON.    D.    I.    ROBINSON,    MAYOR. —THE  FISHERY  QUESTION.— 
RETALIATORY  BILL. 

The  seizures  of  vessels  during  the  previous  year  and  the  prospect 
that  this  policy  would  be  continued,  thoroughly  exasperated  the  fish- 
ing interest.  Its  members  demanded  with  one  voice  that  summary 
measures  be  adopted  against  the  Canadian  government.  Their  cause 
was  championed  in  the  national  Senate,  by  Senator  Edmunds  who 
introduced  the  "Edmunds'  Retaliatory  Bill,"  which  was  passed  by 
the  two  branches  of  Congress,  both  political  parties  voting  in  its  fa- 
vor, influenced  by  the  fact  of  the  rigorous  treatment  accorded  Ameri- 
can fishing  craft  during  the  preceding  year.  This  bill  gave  the  Pres- 
ident power,  when  he  became  satisfied  that  American  fishermen  in 
the  waters  or  ports  of  the  British  Dominions  of  North  America  were 
denied  any  rights  secured  to  them  by  treaty  or  law,  or  were  unjustly 
harassed  or  vexed  or  subjected  to  unreasonable  restrictions,  etc.,  or 
prevented  from  purchasing  such  supplies  as  may  be  lawfully  sold  to 
trading  vessels,  to  deny  vessels  of  the  British  Dominions  of  North 
America  any  entrance  into  ports  or  waters  of  the  United  States  ex- 
cept when  in  distress,  or  for  the  sale  of  fish  products,  under  a  penalty 
for  violation  of  $1000  or  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceeding  two 
years,  or  both.  The  bill  received  the  signature  of  President  Cleve- 
land. Upon  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  its  passage  by  the  House  of 
Representatives,  in  the  early  part  of  March,  a  great  demonstration 
of  approval  was  made.  A  salute  of  one  hundred  guns  was  fired 
from  the  City  Hall  grounds  by  a  number  of  prominent  fishing  mas- 
ters, flags  were  displayed  on  the  shipping,  and  at  night  there  was 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  205 

a  grand  exhibition  of  fire-works.  The  Board  of  Trade  also  held  a 
meeting  and  adopted  resolutions  calling  for  the  enforcement  of  the 
•retaliatory  law  if  necessary. 

SEIZURES. 

Notwithstanding  the  attitude  of  our  government  in  adopting  the 
retaliatory  law,  the  Canadian  crusiers  pursued  their  operations  as 
before.  July  25,  the  schooner  "Annie  W.  Hodgdon"  engaged  in 
cod  fishing  was  seized  at  Shelburne,  N.  S.,  on  suspicion  of  violating 
the  fishery  law,  and  was  released  on  payment  of  a  fine  of  $400. 
Later  in  the  summer  a  large  fleet  of  vessels  were  engaged  in  fishing 
off  East  Point,  P.  E.  I.,  and  two  seine  boats  and  seines  belonging  to 
the  schooner  "Col.  J.  H.  French"  and  "  Argonaut,"  together  with 
14  of  the  crew  of  these  schooners,  were  seized  for  alleged  fishing 
within  the  three-mile  limit.  They  were  taken  to  Souris,  the  men 
delivered  to  the  U.  S.  consul,  the  paraphernalia  to  the  collector. 

BAYARD-CHAMBERLAIN  TREATY.— MODUS  VIVENDI. 

However,  the  fact  that  the  representatives  of  both  governments 
were  about  to  meet  to  agree  on  a  fishery  treaty,  to  be  recommended 
to  both  governments  for  adoption,  undoubtedly  prevented  a  serious 
misunderstanding.  With  the  exceptions  noted,  the  vigilance  of  the 
Canadian  cruiser  service  was  relaxed.  The  British  government  was 
represented  by  its  shrewdest  diplomats,  Right  Hon.  Joseph  Cham- 
berlain, Sir  Lionel  Sackville  West  and  Sir  Charles  Tupper.  They 
were  also  assisted  by  Mr.  Bergne,  who  was  secretary  of  Halifax  Com- 
mission and  others.  The  United  States  commissioners  were  Secre- 
tary of  State  Thomas  F.  Bayard,  President  Angell  of  Michigan 
University,  and  William  L.  Putnam,  of  Maine,  a  distinguished  jurist, 
recently  appointed  by  President  Harrison,  as  judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  in  Maine. 

These  met  at  Washington,  and  the  result  of  their  deliberations 
was  given  to  the  public,  February  24,  1888,  the  agreement  reported 
being  known  as  the  Bayard-Chamberlain  treaty.  Its  principal  points 
were  as  follows  :  It  provided  for  four  commissioners,  two  American 
and  two  British,  who  were  to  define  the  three-mile  limit,  which  was 
to  follow  the  coast  line,  except  in  certain  specified  bays  in  the  Bay 
St.  Lawrence  and  on  the  southern  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  Ameri- 
cans were  debarred  from  fishing  in  bays  ten  miles  wide  at  the  mouth. 
If  these  commissioners  failed  to  agree  on  a  coast  line,  the  matter  in 


266  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

dispute  was  to  be  left  to  an  umpire,  to  be  selected  by  the  British 
Minister  at  Washington  and  the  Secretary  of  State.  Nothing  in  the 
provisions  of  the  treaty  was  to  interrupt  free  navigation  of  the 
Straits  of  Canso. 

Fishing  vessels  in  Canadian  ports  less  than  24  hours  were  not 
required  to  report  or  pay  pilot,  light  or  other  dues.  Repairs  were  to 
be  allowed  in  case  of  disaster  and  crews  and  supplies  could  be  pro- 
cured for  the  homeward  voyage.  In  case  the  United  States  admitted 
Canadian  fish  products  free  of  duty,  American  fishing  vessels  were  to 
have  unlimited  scope  in  fishing,  procuring  supplies,  crews,  trans- 
shipment of  fares,  etc.  Pending  the  ratification  of  this  treaty,  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  two  years,  a  provision  was  inserted,  called  the 
"  modus  vivendi,"  literally,  a  way  of  living,  virtually,  a  temporary 
truce,  which  granted  the  American  fishermen  the  privilege  of  pur- 
chasing bait  and  supplies,  shipping  crews,  etc.,  on  payment  of  a  fee 
of  $1.50  per  ton  annually.  Vessels  in  port  less  than  24  hours  were 
not  required  to  report,  providing  no  communication  was  had  with 
the  shore.  Forfeiture  of  vessels  was  contingent  only  upon  the 
charge  of  fishing  or  preparing  to  fish  within  territorial  waters. 

The  acceptance  of  this  treaty  was  violently  opposed  by  the  fishing 
interest,  and  failed  of  ratification  in  Congress.  The  provisions  of 
the  modus  vivendi  have  been  extended,  at  its  expiration,  and  is  now 
in  force.  The  disappearance  of  mackerel  during  this  time  has 
removed  the  chief  cause  of  the  fishing  troubles,  infractions  of  the 
three-mile  limit  law.  The  bait  question,  another  source  of  conflict, 
has  been  greatly  simplified,  by  the  action  of  Newfoundland.  This 
colony  preserves  its  autonomy,  and  makes  its  own  laws.  After 
restrictive  tactics,  the  government  has  adopted  a  policy  of  leniency 
towards  American  fishing  vessels,  first  allowing  them  a  certain 
amount  of  bait,  on  payment  of  a  tonnage  fee.  During  the  past  two 
years  even  these  barriers  have  been  removed  and  American  vessels 
are  now  allowed  free  and  unrestricted  access  to  the  bait  supply  of 

that  country. 

ELECTIONS. 

At  the  state  election  Ames,  Republican,  received  1,415  votes; 
Levering,  Democrat,  1,012;  Earl,  Prohibitionist,  16;  Marks,  Labor, 
34.  The  city  election  was  hotly  contested,  Mayor  Robinson  receiv- 
ing 1,203  5  Daniel  D.  Saunders,  1,197  5  John  S.  Parsons,  203.  On  a 
recount,  Mr.  Robinson  had  1,200  and  Mr.  Saunders  1,196.  The 


HIS  TORY  OF  GLO  UCES  TER.  267 

aldermen  elected  for  1888  were:  Ward  i,  William  H.  Cook;  2, 
George  R.  Lane,  Jr.  ;  3,  Asa  G.  Andrews ;  4,  Joseph  C.  Shepherd  ; 
5,  William  H.  Dennen  ;  6,  John  J.  Davis  ;  7,  Charles  Piper  ;  8,  James 
Ingersoll. 

MAYOR    ROBINSON    REFUSES    TO  SIGN    LIQUOR    LICENSES 
AND  RESIGNS. 

The  year  1888  is  memorable  in  local  history  for  a  series  of  events 
which  led  to  the  resignation  of  Mayor  Robinson.  He  was  elected  by 
those  who  believed  in  a  continuance  of  the  Parsons'  policy,  of  no 
quarter  to  illegal  liquor  dealers  or  houses  of  ill-repute.  Strange  to 
say,  it  was  voted  that  the  aldermen  might  grant  licenses.  In  April 
a  number  of  victualers'  licenses  were  passed  by  the  upper  board  but 
were  vetoed  by  the  mayor  on  the  ground  that  the  grantees  were  not 
prepared,  nor  did  they  intend  to  live  up  to  the  requirements  of  these 
documents.  The  aldermen  by  a  vote  of  five  to  three  granted  liquor 
licenses,  which  Mayor  Robinson  refused  to  sign,  stating  that  he 
would  not  become  a  party  to  the  legalized  sale  of  liquor  by  affixing 
his  signature  to  a  license.  In  vain  his  opponents  endeavored  to  over- 
come these  scruples.  The  mayor  declared  emphatically  that,  under 
no  circumstances,  would  he  sign  a  liquor  license.  The  community 
was  wrought  to  a  high  pitch  of  excitement  by  this  stand.  This  ac- 
tion attracted  wide  spread  attention,  and  the  disposal  of  the  matter 
was  awaited  with  much  interest.  The  opposition  determined  to  carry 
the  matter  into  the  courts  and  test  the  validity  of  this  position.  Ac- 
cordingly George  A.  Davis,  a  bottler  of  malt  liquors  to  whom  a  fifth- 
class  license  had  been  granted,  applied  to  the  Supreme  Judicial 
Court  for  a  writ  of  mandamus  compelling  the  mayor  to  affix  his  signa- 
ture to  the  license.  The  case  was  heard,  able  counsel  representing 
both  sides.  The  people  of  the  town,  and  New  England,  awaited  the 
decision  with  the  greatest  interest.  Mayor  Robinson  lost,  and  a 
writ  of  mandamus  was  issued  commanding  him  to  affix  his  signature 
to  Mr.  Davis'  license.  From  this  there  was  no  appeal.  There  was 
but  one  consistent  course  for  him  to  pursue.  Therefore,  on  the 
evening  of  May  24  he  called  the  aldermen  together  and  presented  his 
resignation,  being  greatly  affected  in  taking  such  an  unexpected 
leave  of  office.  His  resignation  was  accepted  with  great  regret  on 
the  part  of  the  community.  This  action  in  thus  declining  to  continue 
in  office  at  the  sacrifice  of  his  personal  convictions  and  high  sense  of 
duty,  for  the  time  interrupting  what  seemed  a  steady  course  of  po- 


268 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER. 


litical  advancement,  cannot  but  evoke  the  admiration  of  all  who  re- 
spect the  manly  attributes  of  character  and  moral  heroism  which 
made  such  a  course  possible. 

W.   W.  FRENCH  ELECTED  TO  THE  VACANCY. 

The  ordinances  of  the  city  provide  that  whenever  a  vacancy  shall 
occur  in  the  office  of  mayor,  the  Board  of  Aldermen  and  Common 
Council  in  joint  convention  assembled,  shall  as  quickly  as  possible 
elect  a  chief  executive.  The  Democrats  had  a  majority  of  one  in  the 


REPRESENTATIVE    SYLVANUS  SMITH— 1892. 


combined  bodies,  and  if  all  were  loyal  to  the  party,  they  expected  to 
elect  their  candidate,  Daniel  D.  Saunders,  who  had  given  Mr.  Rob- 
inson such  a  close  fight  for  the  office.  The  Republican  candidate 
was  VV.  W.  French.  On  the  evening  of  May  29  both  Boards  met  to 
elect  a  mayor  to  fill  the  unexpired  term.  Rumors  of  contemplated 
treachery  to  Mr.  Saunders  were  circulated,  and  great  interest  was 
manifested.  Mr.  French  was  elected  mayor  on  the  third  ballot  re- 
ceiving 1 6  votes  to  14  for  Mr.  Saunders.  During  the  period  from 
May  24th  to  the  29th,  President  Piper  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  was 
acting  mayor. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  269 

William  Wesley  French,  thus  unexpectedly  chosen,  had  retired  for 
the  night,  when  a  committee  awakened  him  from  his  slumbers  at  his 
residence  in  ward  six,  and  apprised  him  of  the  result.  He  hastily 
proceeded  to  the  City  Hall  and  briefly  thanked  the  City  Council  for 
the  honor  conferred  upon  him.  He  was  born  in  Brockton,  Mass., 
and  was  then  38  years  of  age.  After  a  course  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city  he  entered  Dartmouth  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1872.  For  a  short  time  he  was  a  school  teacher,  afterwards  study- 
ing law  in  Boston.  He  came  to  Gloucester  in  1876  and  established 
a  law  office.  He  has  always  been  identified  with  the  Republican 
party  and  has  served  as  chairman  of  the  city  committtee  for  a  num- 
ber of  terms.  He  is  the  senior  special  police  court  justice. 

Soon  after  his  induction  to  office  he  signed  the  victuallers'  and 
liquor  licenses  and  proceeded  quietly  to  work  in  discharging  his 
duties  as  chief  executive. 

The  glorious  Fourth  was  appropriately  celebrated  by  a  grand  civic 
and  trade  profession,  William  A.  Homans,  Jr.,  being  chief  marshal. 

DEATH  OF  ADDISON  GILBERT,  ESQ. 

Addison  Gilbert,  a  prominent  citizen  died  July  j.  He  bequeathed 
his  entire  property,  some  $250,000,  to  chartiable  projects,  his  resi- 
dence on  Western  Avenue,  being  designated  as  a  home  for  aged  per- 
sons of  both  sexes,  provision  being  made  for  a  hospital,  which  will 
be  erected  in  Ward  Six,  and  other  philanthopic  projects.  He  was  a 
native,  born  in  1808,  a  descendant  of  a  family  established  in  town 
in  1704.  He  never  married.  His  father,  Samuel,  was  a  leading  mer- 
chant and  accumulated  quite  a  property.  He  always  evinced  a  great 
interest  in  political  matters  and  elected  as  selectman  at  various  times. 
He  held  many  positions  of  trust. 

CITY   ELECTION. 

At  the  municipal  election  Mayor  French  received  2,506  votes,  hav- 
ing no  opponent.  The  vote  on  license  stood,  no,  1,200;  yes,  1,034. 
The  aldermen  elect  for  1889  were:  Ward  I,  Thomas  Renton;  2, 
John  E.  Hartz ;  3,  Asa  G.  Andrews;  4,  Augustus  Hubbard;  5, 
Austin  B.  Bray ;  6,  John  J.  Davis ;  7,  Wentworth  R.  Sargent ;  8, 
James  Ingersoll. 

SHIPWRECK    AND  RESCUE. 

September  26,  during  a  fierce  northeast  gale,  the  schooners,  "  I 
N.  Stine"of  New  Haven  and  "  Abbie  P.  Cranmer,"  of  Baltimore, 


270 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


REPRESENTATIVE  HOWARD  G.    LANE— I  892. 


REPRESENTATIVE    MILES    S.    ANDREWS— 1 892. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  271 

the  latter  loaded  with  coal,  were  blown  ashore  at  Coffin's  Beach. 
The  crew  of  the  former  reached  the  shore  in  safety,  but  those  of  the 
latter,  including  the  captain's  wife  were  compelled  to  take  to  the 
rigging-  Efforts  were  made  for  five  hours  to  get  a  life-line  to  the 
craft,  but  failed.  The  craft  was  in  imminent  danger  of  breaking  at 
any  moment,  so  great  was  the  force  of  the  waves,  when  at  nightfall 
a  volunteer  crew  manned  a  life-boat  and  with  great  difficulty  rescued 
the  imperiled  men.  The  boat's  crew  was  as  follows  :  Frank  E. 
Brown,  Arthur  H.  Rowe,  J.  E.  Stan  wood,  Charles  S.  Griffin,  Frank 
B.  Parsons,  George  Stanwood,  Almon  G.  Davis,  William  Ingersoll 
and  Hervey  D.  Brown. 

1889.— HON.  WILLIAM  W.   FRENCH,  MAYOR. 

Valuation  of  the  city,  $13,389,373.  Polls,  5,853.  Eben  Dale,  died 
at  Freshwater  Cove,  September  9.  Elbridge  G.  Friend,  prominent 
in  town  affairs  died,  November  3,  aged  79.  There  were  466  vessels  ; 
tonnage,  30,629.70.  Samuel  E.  Sawyer,  a  prominent  merchant  of 
Boston,  born  in  Gloucester,  died  at  his  home  at  Brookbank,  Fresh- 
water Cove,  December  15. 

NEW  POLICE  STATION  AND  ARMORY  BUILDING. 
The  new  police  and  armory  building  on  the  corner  of  Duncan  and 
Rogers  Streets  was  erected  this  year.  It  is  one  of  the  best  designed 
structures  of  its  kind  in  the  state.  It  covers  a  space  80  by  70  feet 
and  its  height  to  the  cupola  is  87  feet.  The  land  was  purchased  in 
1883  for  $5000  and  the  cost  of  the  building  was  $43,843.  The  first 
lock-up  was  located  on  Granite  Street.  After  that  the  town  leased 
a  place  near  Boynton's  wharf  and  in  1864  the  western  basement  of 
Roger's  Block,  on  Main  Street,  was  fitted  for  the  purpose  and  occu- 
pied as  such  until  the  completion  of  the  present  structure.  Pre- 
vious to  the  establishment  of  a  police  court  in  1859,  cases  were  heard 
by  trial  justices  in  their  offices.  Court  was  first  held  in  the  Old 
Gun  House,  then  in  the  Forbes  school-house,  then  on  the  corner  of 
Main  and  Hancock  Streets,  afterwards  in  the  new  Town  Hall  and  in 
Low's  and  Bergengren's  Blocks  until  its  transference  to  the  present 
quarters.  Joshua  P.  Trask  was  the  first  police  justice  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent,  James  Davis,  Esq.,  in  1862. 

SEIZURES  OF  FISHING  VESSELS. 

Early  in  the  spring  the  schooner  "Mattie  Winship"  was  seized  off 
Cape  North  charged  with  fishing  inside  the  three-mile  limit.  She 


272 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


REPRESENTATIVE  GEORGE   H.   FRIEND— 1892. 


NATHANIEL  8ABSON,   PRESIDENT  COMMON  COUNCIL— I  892. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  273 

was  released  on  payment  of  a  fine  of  $3,000.  The  schooner  "David 
J.  Adams,"  the  first  Gloucester  vessel  seized  since  the  expiration  of 
the  Washington  Treaty,  was  ordered  to  be  sold  by  the  Canadian 
authorities. 

President  Harrison  in  his  Annual  Message  to  Congress  said,  in 
referring  to  the  subject  : 

"The  relations  which  have  arisen  during  the  past  few  years  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  are  in  abeyance,  or  in 
course  of  an  amicable  adjustment.  On  the  part  of  the  government 
of  Canada  an  effort  has  been  apparent  during  the  season  just  ended 
to  administer  the  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  the  fisheries, 
with  as  little  occasion  for  friction  as  possible,  and  the  temperate  rep- 
resentations of  the  government  in  respect  to  cases  of  undue  hard- 
ship or  harsh  interpretations  have  been  in  most  cases  met  with  meas- 
ures of  transitory  relief.  It  is  trusted  that  the  attainment  of  our 
just  rights  under  existing  treaties  and  in  virtue  of  the  concurrent 
legislation  of  the  two  contiguous  countries  will  not  be  long  deferred, 
and  that  all  existing  causes  of  difference  will  be  equitably  adjusted." 

Mayor  French  was  a  candidate  for  re-election  and  was  again  suc- 
cessful, receiving  1,321  votes  to  1,081  for  Daniel  D.  Saunders,  the 
Democratic  nominee.  The  vote  on  the  granting  of  licenses  stood, 
yes,  1,341,  no,  881.  The  aldermen  elected  for  1890  were:  Ward  i, 
Thomas  Renton  ;  2,  John  E.  Hartz  ;  3,  D.  Somes  Watson  ;  4,  Thomas 
D.  Pelton  ;  5,  Fitz  Mclntosh  ;  6,  Frank  B.  Parsons  i  7,  Wentworth 
R.  Sargent ;  8,  Clarence  E.  Richardson. 

1890.— HON.  WILLIAM  W.  FRENCH,  MAYOR. 

Capt.  John  Pew,  founder  of  the  firm  of  John  Pew  &  Sons,  the  larg- 
est in  the  American  fisheries,  died  March  7,  in  his  83d  year.  John 
S.  Webber,  a  well-known  surveyor,  at  one  time  collector  of  the  port, 
besides  holding  other  important  offices,  died  March  16.  The  Fourth 
of  July  Committee  held  a  celebration  on  Independence  Day.  The 
program  consisted  of  antique  and  horrible  parade,  George  H.  Oakes, 
marshal,  and  a  grand  civic  and  firemen's  procession,  William  H. 
Jordan,  chief  marshal.  E.  S.  L.  Dolliver,  a  respected  citizen,  died 
August  4,  aged  41.  The  first  trip  of  the  electric  street  cars  was  made 
to  Annisquam,  August  18.  Tonnage  of  the  district  included  470  ves- 
sels, aggregating  33,420.58  tons. 

ELECTIONS. 
At  the  State  election  the  vote  was  :     Brackett,  Republican,  1,418; 


274 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


Russell,  Democrat,  1,063  >  Blackmer,  Prohibitionist,  98.  At  the 
City  election,  Asa  G.  Andrews,  Republican,  received  1,457  votes; 
Joseph  C.  Shepherd,  Democrat,  872  ;  John  S.  Parsons,  Independent, 
242.  Aldermen  elected  for  1891  :  Ward  I,  Charles  H.  Gamage  ;  2, 
Erastus  Howes  ;  3,  D.  Somes  Watson  ;  4,  Archibald  N.  Donahoe  ;  5, 
Fitz  Mclntosh  ;  6,  Nathaniel  Maddix,  Jr.  ;  7,  George  W.  Quinn ;  8, 
Clarence  E.  Richardson.  The  vote  on  constructing  a  system  of 
sewerage  was  :  No,  1,443  5  ves»  6.  On  the  license  question  :  Yes, 
1,326  ;  no,  986. 


COUNCILMAN    J.   B.   MAGUIRE— I  892. 
FISHERY  SEIZURES. 

April  24,  the  schooner  "  Abbie  M.  Deering,"  was  seized  by  the 
Collecter  of  customs  at  Canso,  N.  S.,  on  a  charge  of  smuggling  fresh 
fish  ashore  during  the  night.  The  "  Deering  "  put  in  to  land  a  sick 
man.  The  captain  and  crew  belonged  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  stated 
that  they  considered  themselves  perfectly  secure  in  landing  and 
selling  fish  where  they  were  so  well  acquainted.  The  fish  were 
ordered  sold,  and  the  vessel  was  fined  $800,  which  was  paid  under 
protest.  May  2,  the  schooner  "  Howard  Holbrook,"  in  the  cod 
fishery,  was  seized  at  Harbor  Breton,  Newfoundland,  for  an  alleged 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


275 


infraction  of  the  bait  law.  She  was  released  upon  the  filing  of  a  bond 
of  $2,500.  The  schooner  "  Davy  Crockett,"  in  the  mackerel  fishery, 
was  seized  September  28,  at  Souris,  P.  E.  I.,  charged  with  fishing 
inside  the  three-mile  limit,  preferred  by  Capt.  Gordon  of  the  Canadian 
service.  She  was  taken  to  Charlottetown  and  secured  to  Peak's 
wharf.  A  (warrant  and  summons  was  nailed  to  her  mast,  the 
Crown  claiming  the  condemnation  of  the  vessel  and  appurtenances 
in  violation  of  the  treaty  of  1818. 


COUNCILMAN    HENRY    P.    DENNEN— 1892. 


1891.— HON.  ASA  G.  ANDREWS,  MAYOR. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joshua  N.  Millard  celebrated  their  golden  wedding, 
August  3.  Valuation  of  the  city,  $14,206,071  ;  number  of  polls, 
6,920.  John  F.  Carter,  oil  clothing  manufacturer,  died  in  Beverly, 
August  21.  John  Piper  Procter,  a  prominent  citizen,  died  Septem- 
ber i,  in  his  85th  year.  Henry  A.  Parmenter,  a  well-known  fish 
dealer,  died  November  30,  aged  60.  Deacon  George  Garland, 
prominently  identified  with  the  schools,  died  December  15,  aged  85. 

ELECTIONS. 

At  the  state  election,  Allen,  Republican,  received  1,323  votes ; 
Russell,  Democrat,  1,200;  Kimball,  Prohibitionist,  41  ;  Winn,  Labor, 


276 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


28.  The  Republican  candidates  for  representatives,  Howard  G. 
Lane,  Sylvanus  Smith,  George  H.  Friend  and  Miles  S.  Andrews 
were  elected.  At  the  city  election  Mayor  Andrews  was  re-elected, 
receiving  2,071  votes  to  454  for  D.  Somes  Watson.  Vote  on  license  : 
Yes,  1,326;  no,  1,091. 

HON.   ASA  G.  ANDREWS,   MAYOR. 

The  aldermen  elected  for  the  present  year  are  as  follows  :    Ward 
i,  Charles  H.   Gamage  ;  2,   Erastus   Howes;  3,  Adam  P.  Stoddart ; 


COUNCILMAN    FRANCIS    LOCKE,   JR.— 1892. 

4,    Archibald    N.    Donahoe ;  5,    Harvey  C.    Smith  ;    6,    Nathaniel 
Maddix,  Jr.  ;  7,  Alvah   Prescott ;  8,  George  H.  Morton. 

Common  Councilmen :  President,  Nathaniel  Babson.  Ward  I, 
Percy  W.  Wheeler,  James  W.  Thomas,  George  H.  Martin  ;  2,  Free- 
man H.  Abbott,  Samuel  Smith,  2d.,  Maurice  F.  Foley;  3,  Silas  S. 
Tarr,  William  F.  Moore,  John  A.  Hawson  ;  4,  Edward  A.  Story, 
Joseph  B.  Maguire,  Frank  C.  Parmenter ;  5,  Nathaniel  Babson, 
Henry  P.  Dennen,  Francis  Locke,  Jr.;  6,  B.  Frank  Ellery,  Alfred 
Thurston,  Andrew  B.  Parsons ;  7,  G.  Wallace  Hayden,  John  C. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


277 


Hodgdon,    Charles    F.    Young;  8,    William    F.    Ireland,    Fred.     A. 
Shackelford,  Edward  S.  Currier.     Clerk,  Alfred  F.  Stickney. 

Mayor  Andrew's  policy  has  been  to  revolutionize  the  methods  in 
use  in  the  highway  department.  It  has  always  been  customary  to 
repair  road-beds  with  gravel,  which  yielded  very  unsatisfactory 
results.  Largely  through  the  efforts  of  the  mayor,  a  stone  crushing 
apparatus,  which  was  located  at  the  poor  farm,  and  a  steam  road 
roller  was  purchased  in  1891.  The  use  of  the  gravel  in  road 
building:  has  been  abandoned  and  broken  stone  substituted  with  the 


COUNCILMAN  M.  F.   FOLEY— 1892. 

most  gratifying  results.  Besides  this,  a  large  number  of  street 
widenings  have  been  planned  and  prosecuted  in  order  to  accommo- 
date the  demands  which  the  early  settlers  did  not  foresee.  In  this, 
as  in  many  important  respects,  Mayor  Andrew's  administration 
deserves  especial  mention. 

RESCUE. 

March  2,  during  a  severe  gale,  accompanied  by  a  northeast  snow- 
storm, the  schooner  "Fannie  E.  Thrasher"  of  Portland,  for  Pensa- 
cola,  came  to  anchor  inside  Eastern  Point  and  was  drifting  towards 
Norman's  Woe,  when  the  crew  were  rescued  by  volunteers  from  the 


278 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


harbor,  who  successfully  piloted  the  vessel  to  port.  The  life-saving 
crew  were  as  follows  :  Richard  McDonald,  Archie  L.  Mosher,  Ira 
Swim,  Michael  Garvey,  Alfred  Gorman,  Frank  Seelee,  Edward 
Munroe  and  James  Clark.  The  tug  "Startle,"  Capt.  Osborne  P. 
Linnekin,  rendered  efficient  service  in  towing  the  life-boat  to  and 
from  the  scene.  Previous  to  the  appearance  of  the  life  savers  two 
of  the  crew  attempted  to  land  in  a  dory  but  were  blown  to  sea  and 
drowned. 


COUNCILMAN    WILLIAM    F.    MOORE— 1892. 
GOVERNOR  RUSSELL  ATTENDS  A  BALL. 

On  the  evening  of  April  22,  the  Fourth  of  July  committee  gave  a 
grand  ball  at  City  Hall,  which  was  attended  by  Gov.  Russell,  Mrs. 
Russell  and  a  number  of  his  staff.  The  hall  was  decorated  in  a 
manner  never  before  approached,  and  the  great  number  in  attend- 
ance, comprising  the  elite  of  the  town,  presented  a  scene  of  life  and 
brilliancy  long  to  be  remembered.  For  the  benefit  of  some  feminine 
reader  of  the  future,  who  may  be  curious  on  this  point,  it  may  be 
said  that  Governor  Russell  led  the  grand  march  with  Mrs.  W.  W. 
French,  participated  in  the  first  dance  with  Mrs.  Charles  C.  Cressy,  in 
the  second  with  Mrs.  John  H.  Dunnels,  and  third  with  Mrs.  John 
Morgan. 


MAYOR  ANDREWS  AND  BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN,  1892. 

Ward     I,     Charles   H.     Gamage;     2,    Erastus    Howes;    3,   Adam    P.   Stoddard;    4,    Archibald    N.    Donahoe; 
5,  Harvey  C.  Smith;    6,  Nathaniel  Maddix,  Jr.;    7,  Alvah  Prescott;    8,  George  H.  Morton. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  27» 

THE    25oth   CELEBRATION    OF    THE    INCORPORATION   OF  THE  TOWN. 

The  city  having  reached  the  269th  anniversary  of  the  settlement 
and  the  25Oth  of  incorporation,  the  latter  event  is  to  be  observed  by 
a  grand  three  days'  celebration  August  24,  25  and  26.  The  proposi- 
tion for  the  celebration  came  from  the  Fourth  of  July  committee,  an 
organization  formed  in  1887,  for  the  purpose  of  observing  Indepen- 
dence Day.  When  the  accounts  of  the  demonstration  of  that  year 
had  been  adjusted,  it  was  found  that  there  was  a  surplus  of  $250. 
It  was  proposed  that  the  amount  be  deposited  as  a  nucleus  for  a  fund 
to  celebrate  the  25Oth  anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town. 

The  idea  was  favorably  received  and  the  work  entered  upon  with 
zeal,  and  an  executive  committee  to  prepare  for  the  celebration  was 
appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  arrangements. 

The  city  has  appropriated  $5,000  to  defray  the  expenses,  the  citi- 
zens have  contributed  nearly  $10,000  more  and  the  quarter-millen- 
nial anniversary  will  be  observed  in  a  manner  befitting  the  occasion. 

The  festivities  will  be  opened  by  a  grand  firemen's  parade,  the 
Marshal  being  Chief  Engineer,  Charles  S.  Marchant,  of  the  fire 
department.  Arrangements  have  been  perfected  which  will  make 
this  one  of  the  most  elaborate  demonstrations  of  the  kind  that  has 
ever  occurred  in  New  England.  It  is  proposed  to  show  the  old- 
time  methods  of  fire  fighting  with  buckets,  old  hand  tubs,  etc. 

ON  THE  SECOND  DAY. 

The  grand  civic  and  military  parade,  for  which  great  preparations 
have  been  made  will  occur,  the  chief  marshal  being  William  H. 
Jordan.  Whole  divisions  of  civic,  military  and  secret  organizations 
from  all  over  the  country  will  participate.  Elaborate  historical 
tableaux,  etc.,  will  be  presented  and  it  is  estimated  that  at  least 
5,000  men  will  be  in  line.  The  city  will  be  gaily  decorated,  triumphal 
arches  will  be  erected  at  conspicuous  points,  invitations  have  been 
sent  broadcast  throughout  the  land  to  the  absent  sons  and  daugh- 
ters of  Cape  Ann  to  be  present  and  join  in  a  grand  re-union. 
Historical  addresses,  an  elaborate  programme  of  sports,  among 
which  is  the  fishermen's  regatta  for  a  cup  valued  at  $400  presented 
by  Henry  A.  Hovey,  Esq.,  a  resident,  will  comprise  the  third  day's 
programme. 

This  closes  the  record  of  269  years  of  growth.  By  the  census  of 
1890  the  population  was  24,651.  The  city  is  entering  upon  a  career 


280 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


of  prosperity  surpassing  anything  experienced  in  its  history.  The 
city  debt  is  about  $300,000  provided  for  by  10  and  20  years'  sinking 
funds.  The  valuation  is  about  $15,000,000;  rate  on  $1000,  $15.40. 
There  are  85  miles  of  streets. 

HON.  ASA  G.  ANDREWS. 

Hon.  Asa  Gardner  Andrews,  the  present  mayor,  was  born  in  Glou- 
cester, and  is  now  in  his  forty-eighth  year.  At  an  early  age  he 
removed  to  Essex  and,  on  attaining  his  majority,  embarked  in  the 
grocery  business  in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  then  came  to  Gloucester 
and  became  associated  with  the  fishing  firm  of  Charles  Parkhurst  & 
Son,  afterwards  becoming  manager  of  Parkhurst's  Marine  Railways, 
which  position  he  resigned  on  being  elected  mayor,  in  order  that  he 
might  give  his  undivided  attention  to  the  affairs  of  the  city  govern- 
ment. He  was  first  elected  to  the  common  council  in  1880,  and 
re-elected  the  succeeding  year.  In  1882  he  was  chosen  alderman 
without  opposition,  and  again  in  1888  and  1889  being  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Board.  He  received  a  thorough  initiation  into  the  busi- 
ness of  the  city,  serving  on  the  important  committees  on  public 
property,  police,  fire  department,  and  others.  He  personally  super- 
vised the  construction  of  the  High  School  and  Police  Court  buildings, 
looking  closely  after  the  interests  of  the  city.  Mayor  Andrews  is  one 
of  the  most  efficient  chief  executives  who  has  been  chosen  to  that 
position.  He  is  a  member  of  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Win- 
gaersheek  Tribe  of  Red  Men,  and  other  organizations. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  281 


CHAPTER   XII. 

The     Fisheries. 

EARLY  PURSUED  IN  AMERICAN  WATERS.  RISE  AND  GROWTH  OF 
THE  INDUSTRY  IN  GLOUCESTER.  FISHING  GROUNDS.  METHODS 
OF  CATCHING  COD  AND  MACKEREL.  STATISTICS.  CO-OPERATIVE 
FEATURE.  EVOLUTION  OF  THE  SCHOONER. 

THE  fisheries  in  the  new  world  were  commenced  as  early  as  1504 
when  fishermen  from  Normandy  and  Brittany  began  to  pursue 
their  dangerous  vocation  on  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland.  Two 
years  later,  a  century  before  Champlain  sketched  the  rough  draft  of 
"  Le  Beauport,"  a  fellow  countryman  had  made  a  map  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence. 

In  1602,  Gosnold,  the  first  to  explore  what  is  now  the  inshore  of 
New  England  coast,  reported  that  the  codfish  were  so  plenty,  that 
they  "  pestered  his  ships,"  and  he  named  the  headland  where  this 
incident  occurred,  Cape  Cod.  In  1614,  Capt.  John  Smith,  while 
cruising  off  Monhegan  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  "within  a  square  of 
two  or  three  leagues  found  the  strangest  fish  pond  "  he  ever  saw. 
This  fact  he  reported  at  home  and  in  1619,  an  English  craft,  fishing 
on  this  prolific  spot  secured  a  fare  which  sold  for  ,£5,100,  and  the 
next  year  several  ships,  encouraged  by  this  venture,  met  with  even 
better  success.  From  this  time  a  fleet  of  English  ships  came  regu- 
larly to  this  ground,  35  in  number  being  thus  engaged  in  1622. 
These  voyages  led  to  an  establishment  of  fishing  stations  on  the 
Maine  coast  before  1640,  namely  at  Pemaquid,  Casco  Bay,  Cape 
Porpoise,  Piscataqua,  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  and  perhaps  other  places, 
and  from  one  of  these  places  there  were  exported  between  the  years 
1639  and  ^45,  over  3^ooo  quintals  of  fish.  At  Salem  preparations 
were  made  for  fishing  in  1629,  and  in  1634,  a  merchant  had  estab- 
lished a  station  at  Marblehead,  and  was  directing  the  operations  of 
eight  fishing  boats.  The  causes  which  led  to  the  settlement  at  Cape 
Ann  in  1623,  its  subsequent  abandonment  as  a  fishing  station,  and 
its  renewal  by  Mr.  Robinson  and  associates  have  been  referred  to. 
Up  to  1 700  but  a  single  Gloucester  fishing  vessel  had  ventured  as  far 


282  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

east  as  Cape  Sable.  After  that  date  quite  a  number  of  schooners 
averaging  50  tons  were  sent  to  distant  grounds,  and  in  1741  about  70 
of  these  craft  were  dispatched  to  the  Grand  Banks.  From  1770  to 
1775  nearly  80  schooners  of  an  average  value  of  $1,000  were  engaged 
on  those  grounds,  and  70  boats  in  the  shore  fisheries,  the  latter 
mainly  from  the  north  side  of  the  cape,  comprised  the  town's  fleet. 
Their  catch  was  exported  to  the  West  Indies,  Cadiz,  Lisbon,  Bilboa, 
and  other  ports,  the  fares  being  secured  in  summer  and  exported  in 
winter,  and  were  the  source  of  considerable  revenue.  Marblehead 
had  developed  her  fisheries  from  eight  boats  in  1634  to  the  first  in 
point  of  importance  in  New  England,  being  slightly  ahead  of  Glou- 
cester. The  Cape  Ann  fleet  just  before  the  Revolution  comprised 
some  150  schooners  and  boats  of  a  total  of  about  5,000  tons,  employ- 
ing some  600  men,  with  an  annual  catch  of  50,000  quintals  of  fish, 
valued  at  something  over  $100,000.  After  the  Revolution  the  Bank 
fishery  began  to  decline,  becoming  almost  extinct,  till  about  1850 
when  with  the  mackerel  fishery  it  was  revived  and  has  continued  to 
grow  and  prosper  to  the  present  time. 

FISHING  GROUNDS. 

The  most  important  fishing  ground  for  Gloucester  vessels  is  the 
Grand  Bank,  lying  90  miles  off  Newfoundland.  Brown's  Bank  is  40 
miles  from  Cape  Sable;  La  Have  is  60  miles  from  Nova  Scotia; 
Western  Banks,  80  miles  from  that  province ;  St.  Peters  Bank,  75 
miles  from  Newfoundland  ;  Green  Bank,  70  miles  from  the  latter 
place,  Flemish  Cape,  300  miles  from  Newfoundland,  besides  a  few 
others.  The  American  fishermen  pursue  their  operations  on  all  of 
these.  The  halibut  fishery,  is  also  carried  on  in  Iceland  waters,  some 
20  miles  off  the  coast,  the  fish  being  cut  into  strips  or  "fletches," 
salted  and  brought  to  port  for  smoking  purposes.  Besides  this  the 
principal  ground  off  the  coast,  is  St.  George's  Bank,  situated  120 
miles  southeast  of  Cape  Ann,  which  has  always  been  an  important 
resort,  furnishing  the  highest  grade  of  codfish  known  to  the  trade. 

Cashes,  a  prolific  ground  for  hake,  cusk  and  haddock,  Middle  and 
other  Banks  off  the  New  England  coast,  are  the  principal  scenes  of 
operation  for  the  shore  fishermen.  All  these  banks  are  situated 
between  the  Gulf  Stream  and  the  shores  of  North  America,  beyond 
the  jurisdiction  of  any  nation,  and  it  is  computed  that  their  area  is 
73,123  geographical  miles.  These  grounds  were  formed  in  a  peculiar 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  283 

manner.  Enormous  masses  of  ice  are  floated  from  the  Arctic  regions 
southerly  until  they  strike  the  Gulf  Stream,  where  they  melt  and  the 
earth  and  sand  attached,  falling  to  the  bottom,  have  formed  shoals 
and  basins  in  which  the  codfish  and  halibut  live  and  spawn.  This, 
as  with  all  processes  of  nature,  has  been  the  work  of  ages,  and  the 
banks  are  still  growing  by  these  accretions. 

METHODS  OF  CATCHING. 

The  modes  of  taking  codfish  have  varied  with  the  progress  of  the 
business.  At  first  fishing  with  hook  and  line  from  the  vessel  was 
the  only  process  employed.  Later  it  was  superseded  by  the  trawl 
system  used  by  the  French,  except  on  Georges  Bank,  where  owing 
to  the  strong  tide,  the  old  method  is  still  pursued. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  codfish  brought  to  port  are  caught  with 
trawls.  Each  vessel  carries  from  eight  to  10  dories,  about  16  feet  in 
length.  On  arriving  on  the  Banks  the  vessel  is  anchored,  two  of  the 
crew  man  each  dory,  row  in  different  directions  and  set  their  trawls, 
hauling  them  at  frequent  intervals.  Returning  with  their  catch  the 
fish  are  split  and  salted  and  packed  in  the  hold,  this  process  being  re- 
peated until  a  fare  has  been  secured.  A  trawl  is  a  strong  line  from 
500  to  i,2Oofeet  in  length  about  three-eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter 
on  which  at  intervals  are  short  gangings  with  hooks  attached.  These 
are  coiled  into  tubs.  When  setting,  an  anchor  is  thrown  overboard 
attached  to  a  buoy.  To  this  the  trawl  is  made  fast  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  hooks,  baited,  will  extend  to  the  bottom  of  the  ocean.  An 
anchor  and  buoy  at  the  other  end  keeps  the  trawl  in  position.  A 
system  of  gill  net  fishing  used  by  the  Norweigans  was  tried  in  Ips- 
wich Bay  some  years  ago,  but  it  has  not  been  followed  with  great 
success.  These  nets  are  suspended  from  the  surface  by  glass  balls 
and  stretch  by  means  of  weights,  the  fish  becoming  entangled  in  the 
meshes. 

THE  MACKEREL  FISHERY. 

The  mackerel  fishery  was  commenced  at  an  early  period  although 
not  pursued  to  any  great  extent.  These  fish  were  an  article  of  com- 
merce in  New  England  in  1653  and,  in  1692,  the  General  Court 
passed  an  order  that  no  person  should  haul  ashore  any  mackerel 
with  any  kind  of  nets  or  seines  and  that  no  person  should  catch  any 
of  the  fish,  except  for  use  while  fresh  before  the  first  of  July.  Up 
to  1821  the  catch  was  small.  After  that  the  business  rapidly  in- 


284  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

creased,  the  fish  were  so  plentiful  in  Massachusetts  waters  that  in 
1825,  a  single  jigger  with  a  crew  of  eight  men,  took  over  1,300  bar- 
rels and  in  1831,  the  catch  of  Gloucester  was  66,547  barrels.  After 
that  date  mackerel  began  to  be  scarce  and  in  1840  the  fares 
amounted  to  only  8,870  barrels,  the  catch  for  that  and  the  four  suc- 
ceeding years  aggregating  but  66,547  barrels.  About  this  time  the 
enterprising  fishermen  enlarged  their  field  of  operations  and  followed 
the  mackerel  to  the  Bay  St.  Lawrence  where  they  were  found  in 
abundance  and  this  ground  became  the  chief  source  of  supply  for 
the  rapidly  increasing  demand. 

About  1865,  the  purse  seine  began  to  be  used  in  this  fishery  and 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventies  had  entirely  superseded  the  hook 
and  line. 

The  southern  mackerel  fishery  has  been  pursued  during  the  past 
25  years  with  varying  success.  Some  five  years  ago  Congress  passed 
a  law  which  virtually  prohibited  this  fishing.  This  law  expired  June 
i,  1892.  During  the  past  five  years,  owing  to  causes  not  well  estab- 
lished, mackerel  have  almost  entirely  disappeared  and,  in  1890,  the 
catch  was  the  smallest  on  record.  During  the  past  two  years  some 
half-dozen  vessels  have  returned  to  the  hook  and  line  method  with 
fair  success.  At  the  present  writing  the  indications  are  that  quite  a 
body  of  the  fish  have  returned  to  the  New  England  waters  and  the 
outlook  for  a  renewal  of  this  industry  is  brighter  than  at  any  time 
since  its  decline.  Following  is  the  table  of  the  Gloucester  catch  of 
fish  since  1880 : 

1891 — 43,997,123  Ibs.  codfish  ;  7,791,713  Ibs.  halibut  ;  23,212,868 
Ibs.  haddock;  cusk  and  hake,  24,886  bbls.  mackerel;  31,784  bbls. 
salted  herring,  16,282,000  frozen  herring. 

1890 — 45,568,695  Ibs.  codfish;  9,906,060  Ibs.  halibut;  6,010,500 
hake,  cusk  and  haddock;  8,931  bbls.  mackerel,  2,332  bbls.  salt  her- 
ring; 16,390,000  frozen  herring. 

1889 — 44,341,118  Ibs.  codfish;  7,241,660  Ibs.  halibut;  3,853,120 
Ibs.  hake,  haddock  and  cusk;  11,465  bbls.  mackerel;  11,354  bbls. 
salt  and  fresh  herring  ;  16,674,000  frozen  herring. 

1888 — 48,768,300  Ibs.  codfish  ;  7,692,000  Ibs.  halibut;  1,727,200 
Ibs.  other  ground  fish  ;  23,250  bbls.  mackerel  ;  5,660  bbls.  salt  her- 
ring ;  5,658  bbls.  fresh  do.  and  spurling ;  740  bbls.  fish  oil ;  2,603 
bbls.  porgies  and  slivers;  4,800  qtls.  cured  fish;  and  14,285,000 
frozen  herring. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  285 

1887 — 58,190,900  Ibs.  codfish;  7,692,000  Ibs.  halibut;  8,974,000 
Ibs.  halibut  ;  4,416,245  Ibs.  other  ground  fish  ;  44,762  bbls.  mackerel ; 
and  15,637,000  frozen  herring. 

1886 — 52,734,834  Ibs.  codfish;  42,21 1,460  Ibs.  halibut;  4,037,368 
Ibs.  other  ground  fish  ;  52,871  bbls.  mackerel  ;  and  19,883,000  frozen 
herring. 

1885 — 52,992,361  Ibs.  confish ;  9,993,060  Ibs.  halibut;  7,093,593 
Ibs.  haddock,  etc.;  159,689  bbls.  mackerel;  and  19,883,000  frozen 
herring. 

1884 — 55,979,500  Ibs.  codfish;  9,029,255  Ibs.  halibut;  5,002,470 
Ibs.  other  ground  fish  ;  223,343  bbls.  mackerel  and  15,033,000  frozen 
herring. 

1883 — 54,979,500  Ibs.  codfish;  7,258,908  Ibs.  halibut;  4,200,750 
Ibs.  other  ground  fish  ;  168,846  bbls.  mackerel  ;  and  17, 209,000  frozen 
herring. 

1882 — 42,906,175  Ibs.  codfish;  1,781,085  Ibs.  halibut;  170,091 
bbls.  mackerel  ;  13,330,000  frozen  herring. 

1881 — 46,710,580  Ibs.  codfish;  8,719,490  Ibs.  halibut;  163,851 
bbls.  mackerel ;  13,318,000  frozen  herring. 

1880 — 49,479,000  Ibs.  codfish;  9,065,450  Ibs.  halibut;  129,620 
bbls.  mackerel  ;  9,000,000  frozen  herring. 

These  do  not  include  many  minor  fish  productions  nor  the  large 
quantities  of  fresh  haddock  and  other  fish  landed  fresh  during  the 
winter  in  Boston.  The  number  of  firms  and  establishments  in 
Gloucester  fitting  out  vessels  is  44,  the  total  number  of  vessels  being 
374,  of  an  aggregate  tonnage  of  29,481.01. 

CO-OPERATION. 

The  especial  feature  of  note  in  the  fisheries  is  the  co-operative 
feature  of  dividing  the  financial  proceeds.  Variations  of  this  princi- 
ple known  as  the  "quarters"  and  "fifths"  are  sometimes  agreed 
upon,  but  the  "  halves  "  is  the  general  system  of  settlement  in  vogue. 
Under  this  arrangement,  the  interests  of  all  are  identical  and  in  the 
269  years  in  which  the  business  has  been  conducted  there  has  never 
been  any  concerted  labor  trouble.  The  government  aboard  the 
vessels  is  democratic,  the  master  having  but  that  slight  authority 
necessary  for  the  proper  pursuit  of  the  voyage.  This  feature  has 
also  worked  excellently. 

Several  attempts  were  made  to  establish  the  whale  fisheries  on  a 
firm  foundation  in  the  early  part  of  the  century  by  individuals  and  a 


286  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

company  formed  for  the  purpose  but  proved  unremunerative  and, 
after  several  years'  trial,  were  abandoned. 

ORIGIN  OF  THE  SCHOONER. 

The  first  vessels  used  by  the  early  settlers  were  ketches,  shallops, 
and  pinnaces.  The  latter  were  small  craft  partially  decked  over, 
and  afforded  but  little  protection  to  their  crews.  The  ketch  had 
two  masts  set  well  aft,  the  largest  being  the  foremast,  fitted  with 
square  and  lateral  sails.  A  radical  departure  was  made  from  the 
accepted  modes  of  rigging  the  sails,  by  Capt.  Andrew  Robinson,  of 
Gloucester,  who  gave  a  new  type  of  craft  to  the  world.  In  1713, 
this  first  New  England  designer  built  a  vessel  embodying  the  idea 
of  the  schooner.  Such  a  novel  departure  from  the  accepted  forms 
of  sail  plan  attracted  much  attention.  At  the  launching,  the  vessel 
glided  so  smoothly  over  the  water  that  a  spectator  cried,  "  See  how 
she  scoons."  Capt.  Robinson,  on  the  alert  for  a  name  for  the  new 
style  of  vessel,  immediately  replied,  "A  schooner  let  her  be,"  and 
the  name  thus  coined  has  continued  in  use.  There  is  no  mention  of 
the  word  "  schooner  "  in  any  marine  work  previous  to  this  event  and 
the  launching  and  naming  of  the  craft  is  referred  to  in  documents 
written  at  the  time. 

The  schooner  sprang  into  immediate  popularity  at  home  and 
abroad  and  has  continued  to  be  the  only  type  in  use  for  the  fisheries. 
In  the  process  of  evolution  it  has  been  developed  into  the  staunch 
and  true  craft  of  today.  The  old  Grand  Bankers  were  built  from  a 
clumsy  model,  blunt  fore  and  aft.  In  the  early  part  of  the  century 
came  the  sharp-sterned  pinkey,  a  great  improvement  and  a  reliable 
sea  boat.  After  the  war  came  the  shoal  type  with  heavy  counter  and 
square  stern,  a  backward  movement  as  regards  modelling.  During 
the  past  ten  years,  however,  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  the  late 
Edward  Burgess,  improved  designs  have  been  adopted,  giving  more 
depth,  sharper  entrance  and  overhanging  stern,  a  return  to  the  old 
pinkey  principle,  aijd  greater  stability.  These,  built  as  staunch  as 
wood  and  iron  can  make  them,  the  admiration  of  all,  carry  the  name 
and  fame  of  Gloucester  to  every  North  Atlantic  harbor,  as  the  fore- 
most fishing  port  of  the  world. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER, 


287 


A  sad  feature  of  the  fisheries  is  the  great  loss  of  life  and  property 
entailed  in  its  prosecution.  From  1830  to  1892,  there  have  been 
destroyed  at  sea  576  vessels,  valued  at  $2,656,710,  insured  for 
$2,051,260,  the  number  of  lives  lost  being  3,224. 

Gloucester  is  the  second  city  in  Massachusetts  in  the  amount  of 
foreign  commerce  transacted,  and  the  third  in  the  United  States  in 
salt  importation. 


288  HISTORY   OF  GLOUCESTER. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Places   of   Interest. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION.  RAFE'S  CHASM.  "  OLD  MOTHER  ANN." 
"WHALE'S  JAW."  ROCKING  STONE.  THE  MAGNOLIA.  THE  WIL- 
LOWS. DRIVES  BY  SEA  AND  SHORE. 


ANN  was  formerly  a  peninsula  but  is  now  an  island,  sur- 
rounded  by  Ipswich  Bay  on  the  north,  the  Atlantic  on  the 
east,  Massachusetts  Bay  on  the  south,  Essex  and  Manchester  on  'the 
west.  The  Annisquam  River,  a  tide  inlet,  divides  the  territory,  and  a 
canal  which  has  been  constructed,  connects  the  river  and  bay. 

The  coast  is  a  continuation  of  bold  and  rocky  ledges.  Gloucester 
Harbor  is  capacious,  easy  of  access,  of  good  depth  and  capable  of 
accommodating  the  navies  of  the  world.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts 
the  inner  and  outer  harbors,  the  latter  formed  by  a  neck  of  land 
known  as  Eastern  Point.  There  are  two  Islands,  Five  and  Ten 
Pound,  so  designated  from  the  fact  that  they  were  originally  sold  for 
the  respective  sums  named.  A  stretch  of  breakers,  called  Dog 
Bar,  extending  about  an  eighth  of  a  mile  from  Eastern  Point  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbor,  constitutes  the  only  serious  obstruction  to 
navigation.  The  surface  of  the  town  is  a  series  of  gradually  rising 
plateaus,  facilitating  drainage,  while  an  excellent  opportunity  is 
afforded  to  study  glacial  action  in  the  fields  containing  acres  of  bould- 
ers deposited  during  that  era.  The  most  noticeable  eminence  is  in 
Riverdale,  the  "  Poles,"  a  symmetrically  dome-shaped  mass  of  rock. 
The  principal  hills  are  Beacon's  formerly  Governor's,  near  the  central 
portion  of  the  city,  Railcut,  Pigeon  Hill  in  Rockport,  and  Thompson's 
Mountain  at  West  Gloucester.  The  latter  is  the  highest  elevation 
on  the  Cape,  being  255  feet  above  the  sea  level.  From  its  summit 
a  clear  and  unobstructed  view  of  sea  and  land  may  be  obtained 
extending  from  Mt.  Agamenticus  in  Maine,  and  the  New  Hampshire 
hills  on  the  one  side,  Boston  Bay  and  Bunker  Hill  monument  in 
another  direction,  while  on  a  fair  day  Wachusett  Mountain  in  the 
interior,  may  be  observed. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  289 

In  the  processes  of  nature  some  interesting  forms  have  been 
wrought  in  rock.  Of  these  Rafe's  Chasm,  near  Norman's  Woe,  at 
Magnolia,  formed  as  the  scene  of  Longfellow's  poem,  "The  Wreck 
of  the  Hesperus,"  is  perhaps  the  more  interesting.  This  consists  of  a 
fissure  into  the  solid  rock  some  sixty  feet  deep  and  twelve  feet  wide 
at  the  mouth,  decreasing  toward  the  the  interior.  Into  this  the 
water  surges  and  foams,  presenting  at  times,  an  impressive  spectacle. 
Rivaling  this  in  point  of  interest  is  "  Old  Mother  Ann,"  the  perfect 
contour  of  a  woman,  in  a  reclining  position,  at  the  extremity  of 
Eastern  Point.  Among  others  are  the  "  Whale's  Jaw"  on  Dogtown 
Common,  the  Rocking  Stones  at  Bass  Rocks,  and  elsewhere.  These 
comprise  immense  boulders,  deposited  from  ice  fields,  and  so  per- 
fectly poised  that  they  may  be  put  in  motion  with  slight  exertion, 
and  that  at  Bass  Rocks  is  estimated  to  weigh  500  tons.  The  flora  of 
the  Cape,  is  substantially  the  same  as  that  of  Essex  County  with  a 
notable  exception,  the  Magnolia  Glauca,  the  only  place  in  which  it  is 
found  growing  wild  in  the  State,  being  in  swamps  at  West  Gloucester. 
Various  theories  have  been  advanced  for  its  presence  here,  the  action 
of  birds  in  transporting  seeds,  etc.  Investigation  brings  out  the  fact 
that  it  is  found  near  the  site  of  the  deserted  residences  of  the  first 
settlers  and,  as  commerce  was  carried  on  at  that  time  with  Virginia 
and  the  Southern  States,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  plants 
were  brought  here  and  have,  by  chance  or  design,  been  propagated. 
They  blossom  during  the  latter  part  of  June,  and  give  forth  a  very 
pleasing  odor. 

Where  nature  is  lacking  art  has  been  called  in  and  the  various 
sections  of  the  Cape  have  been  beautified  and  improved.  Among 
these  beauty  spots  are  the  "Annisquam  Willows,"  planted  some 
forty  years  ago  by  men  named  Brown  and  Chard. 

The  two  natural  bodies  of  water  are  Cape  Pond,  comprising  some 
seventy  acres,  and  Niles'  Pond  at  Eastern  Point. 

The  natural  wealth  of  scenery  of  sea  and  shore  have  attracted 
the  attention  of  many  who  have  sought  homes  for  the  summer. 
Since  1870,  the  suburbs  have  been  availed  of  by  large  numbers  for 
the  purpose,  and  commodious  hotels  and  fine  residences  have  been 
erected,  adding  materially  to  the  valuation  of  the  town.  Magnolia, 
formerly  named  Kettle  Cove,  is  the  principal  of  these  resorts.  Be- 
sides its  sea  view,  the  fine  drives  through  thick  woods  of  the  vicinity 


290 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


are  an  added  attraction.  The  principal  of  these  are  the  "Big  Heater" 
through  the  Essex  wood,  the  "  Little  Heater,"  less  extensive  stretch 
on  Essex  Avenue  in  the  direction  of  Manchester. 

"  Around  the  Cape,"  a  circuit  of  some  fourteen  miles,  with  views 
of  Riverdale,  Annisquam,  the  great  stone  quarries  at  Bay  View  and 
Pigeon  Cove,  Rockport  and  East  Gloucester,  in  turn,  constitutes  a 
comprehensive  and  ever-varying  panorama. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  291 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

Churches  and  Schools. 

CONGREGATIONALISTS.  UNITARIANS.  FIRST  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH 
IN  AMERICA  ESTABLISHED  BY  REV.  JOHN  MURRAY.  CAPT.  BEN- 
JAMIN HALE,  JR.,  FIRST  PREACHES  THE  BAPTIST  DOCTRINE  AT 
SANDY  BAY.  METHODISTS  OF  THE  CAPE.  ROMAN  CATHOLIC 
CHURCH.  EPISCOPALIANISM.  SCHOOLS. 

THE  history  of  the  Congregationalist  and  Unitarian  churches  in 
town  have  been  traced  in  the  preceding  chapters.  Other 
churches  of  the  Orthodox  denomination  are  as  follows  : 

In  August,  1830,  "The  North  Orthodox  Congregational  Church," 
was  formed  at  Lanesville  by  the  following  persons :  Jonathan  Harra- 
den,  William  Choate,  Mathew  S.  Giles,  Esther  Lane,  Hannah  Young, 
Mary  Andrews,  Nancy  Young,  Susan  Dennison,  Deborah  P.  Young, 
Nancy  B.  Young.  They  immediately  built  a  chapel  which  was  en- 
larged in  1853,  and  13  years  afterward  the  present  house  of  worship 
was  erected. 

In  1833,  the  "Trinitarian  Congregational  Society  and  Church,"  at 
West  Gloucester  was  duly  organized.  The  next  year  a  house  of 
worship  was  erected  on  the  Essex  road. 

In  January,  1887,  the  "Union  Congregational  Church,"  and  society 
of  20  members  was  organized  at  Magnolia.  Services  are  held  at 
intervals  in  the  Union  Chapel. 

UNIVERSALISM. 

Gloucester  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  place  where  the 
First  Universalist  Church  in  America  was  established  and  the  scene 
of  the  trials  and  triumphs  of  Rev.  John  Murray.  The  distinctive 
tenets  of  the  denomination  is  the  denial  of  the  doctrine  of  eternal 
punishment  in  the  future  life,  repudiated  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Christian  Church  by  the  learned  Origen  and  other  theologians. 

The  seeds  of  this  sect  appear  to  have  been  sown  by  an  English 
sailor  who  came  here  about  1770  in  a  ship  owned  by  Winthrop  Sar- 


292  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

• 

gent.  Among  his  effects  was  a  book  written  by  Rev.  James  Relly, 
of  London,  which  advocated  the  principles  which  are  the  corner 
stones  of  Universalism  to-day. 

This  treatise  was  read  in  many  households  with  the  result  that 
several  influential  converts  were  made  to  the  Rellyan  theology. 
The  believers  met  quietly  among  themselves  until  1774  when  they 
invited  Rev.  John  Murray,  who  was  then  being  attached  by  Boston 
divines  as  a  preacher  of  Relly's  doctrines,  to  labor  among  them. 
Murray  accepted  the  invitation,  came  here  on  the  third  of  November, 
remaining  nine  days.  He  seems  to  have  been  kindly  received,  being 
waited  upon  by  the  deacons  and  elders  of  the  First  Parish  and  occu- 
pied the  pulpit  of  that  church  on  several  occasions.  In  the  mean- 
time, meetings  were  held  by  the  little  band  of  Universalists  at  the 
house  of  Mr.  Sargent,  the  site  of  which  is  now  occupied  by  the 
Gloucester  National  Bank  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Duncan 
Streets. 

Encouraged  by  his  reception  Mr.  Murray  came  again  in  December 
and,  perceiving  the  field  to  be  promising,  determined  to  take  up  his 
residence  here  permanently.  As  at  first  the  pulpit  of  the  First 
Parish  was  again  placed  at  his  disposal,  but  in  a  short  time  this 
was  denied  him  owing  to  the  opposition  which  the  preaching  of  his 
doctrine  aroused.  Meetings  were  therefore  held  at  various  resi- 
dences, public  services  being  held  Sundays  at  Mr.  Sargent's.  In 
May  of  the  next  year,  at  the  request  of  Colonels  Hitchcock  and 
Greene,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Provincial  army  as  chaplain  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Brigade,  returning  to  Gloucester  after  a  few 
months  to  recover  from  an  illness  which  he  had  contracted.  At  that 
time  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  were  in  dire  distress  on  account  of 
the  destruction  of  their  commerce.  His  sympathies  were  aroused 
and  on  his  return  to  camp  he  started  a  subscription  for  their  relief, 
securing  liberal  donations,  Gen.  Washington  subscribing  ^10,  the 
major-generals  £$  and  the  brigadiers  ^3,  besides  others  in  and 
without  the  army.  This  was  distributed  to  deserving  parties  desig- 
nated by  the  selectmen,  over  a  thousand  individuals  receiving  aid  in 
one  of  the  most  distressing  winters  of  the  war.  In  April,  1776,  the 
town  unanimously  voted  "their  sincere  thanks  to  the  donors  and  Mr. 
Murray." 

Rev.  Eli  Forbes  came  to  minister  to  the  First  Parish  in  1776,  and 
the  members  of  the  church  who  had  become  Universalists  absented 


INDEPENDENT  CHRISTIAN   CHURCH. 


HfS TOKY  OF  GLO UCES TER.  29:J 

themselves  from  its  services.  The  adherents  of  the  old  church 
became  greatly  incensed  at  this  action.  To  such  a  degree  did  their 
anger  attain  on  this  matter  that  a  mob  gathered  in  front  of  Mr. 
Sargent's  house  with  the  intention  of  doing  violence  to  Mr.  Murray 
and  drive  him  out  of  town.  They  were  persuaded,  however,  to  do 
nothing  rash,  and  contented  themselves  by  demanding  boisterously 
that  the  new  preacher  should  go,  under  penalty  of  bodily  harm  if  he 
should  refuse.  In  February,  he  was  summoned  before  the  committee 
on  safety,  all  the  members  of  which  were  opposed  to  him,  and  was 
notified  to  depart  in  five  days  from  the  first  of  March.  This  he 
ignored,  and  at  a  town  meeting  held  March  10,  the  action  of  the 
committee  was  sustained  54  to  8.  Mr.  Murray  courageously  stood 
his  ground  and  the  excitement  concerning  the  matter  subsided  and 
attempts  to  drive  him  away  appear  to  have  ceased. 

In  September,  1778,  the  First  Church  resolved  to  discipline  its 
refractory  members  and  accordingly  suspended  "until  their  return 
from  their  error  in  sentiment  and  practice,"  the  following  :  Epes 
Sargent,  Withrop  Sargent,  Ebenezer  Parsons,  David  Pearce, 
Rebecca  Smith,  Anne  Babson,  Lydia  Prentice,  Jemima  Parsons, 
Catherine  Sargent,  Judith  Sargent,  Rebecca  Parsons,  Hannah 
Tucker,  Judith  Stevens,  Nancy  Sanders  and  Jemima  Cook. 

The  answer  to  this  was  the  drawing  up,  on  January  i,  1779,  by 
these  persons  and  others,  61  in  all,  31  men  and  30  women,  of 
"Articles  of  Association"  as  an  "Independent  Christian  Church  of 
Christ,  resolved  by  God's  grace  to  meet  together,  whether  blessed 
with  the  public  preaching  of  the  word  or  not,  to  meet  together  to 
supplicate  the  Divine  favour,  to  praise  our  redeeming  God,  to  hear 
his  most  holy  word  and  freely  to  communicate  whatever  God  shall 
please  to  manifest  to  us  for  our  mutual  edification."  They  further 
agreed  to  ordain  as  their  minister  "their  friend  and  Christian  brother 
John  Murray,  from  a  full  conviction  that  the  same  God  that  sent  the 
first  preachers  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  that  the  same  gospel  they 
preached,  we  have  from  time  to  time  received  from  him." 

The  next  year,  1780,  they  erected  a  house  of  worship,  a  small, 
unpretentious  pitch-roofed  structure  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Water 
Streets,  which  was  dedicated  on  Christmas  Day. 

The  First  Parish  asserted  its  claim  upon  the  Universalists  for  the 
support  of  that  organization,  which  was  resisted  under  the  Bill  of 
Rights.  To  this  the  First  Parish  rejoined  that  Mr.  Murray  was  not 


294  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

an  ordained  minister,  nor  was  his  congregation  a  religious  society  or 
incorporated  as  such.  To  enforce  its  demands  the  parish 
seized  silverware  from  Epes  Sargent  and  goods  from  others,  the 
anchor  from  a  vessel  on  the  point  of  sailing  being  so  taken.  These 
were  sold  at  auction.  William  Pierce  resisted  the  payment  of  the 
tax,  and  was  imprisoned  by  the  committee  in  Salem  jail.  Litigation 
was  commenced  and  the  requirements  of  the  law  made  it  necessary 
that  proceedings  against  the  parish  be  commenced  by  Mr.  Murray. 
The  case  was  tried  in  1783  and,  on  appeal,  was  in  1786  won  by  Mr. 
Murray,  but  in  1792  the  courts  set  aside  this  decision,  when  it  was 
declared  that  only  incorporated  religious  societies  were  entitled  to  the 
privileges  provided  in  the  Bill  of  Rights.  During  this  time  a  Charter 
of  Compact,  providing  for  the  officers  of  a  religious  body  was 
drafted,  superseded  in  1785  by  the  Articles  of  Association,  signed  by 
85  male  members  of  the  society.  The  legality  of  Mr.  Murray's 
ordination  was  tested  in  the  courts  and  decided  against  him  with 
damages,  the  General  Court,  however,  stepping  in  to  his  relief. 
In  order  to  save  further  trouble  Mr.  Murray  was  re-ordained  on 
Christmas  Day,  1788,  and  June  28,  1792,  the  society  was  incorpo- 
rated, the  document  being  signed  by  Gov.  John  Hancock.  Next 
year,  1793,  he  removed  to  Boston,  October  23,  and  was  installed  as 
pastor  in  that  place.  His  connection  with  the  society  was  marked 
by  the  most  pleasant  relations,  which  continued  until  his  death, 
September  3,  1815,  although  the  last  six  years  of  his  life  were 
characterized  by  marked  physical  decline.  He  died  at  the  age  of  74. 
This  remarkable  man  was  born  in  Alton,  Hampshire,  England, 
December  10,  1741,  and  was  the  eldest  of  a  large  family  of  children. 
He  appears  to  have  possessed  from  early  life  a  very  sensitive 
temperament,  rendering  him  perceptible  to  religious  impressions. 
His  parents  were  rigid  Calvanists,  his  father  being  so  strict  as  to 
be  regarded  as  a  person  of  eminent  sanctity.  The  son  was  subjected 
to  parental  discipline  of  the  severest  kind,  and  he  "often  passed," 
he  said,  "from  the  terror  of  the  rod  to  the  terrifying  apprehensions 
of  future  and  endless  misery." 

When  he  was  10  years  old  the  family  removed  to  Ireland.  While 
there  his  father  joined  the  Methodist  church  and  the  son  soon  became 
a  class  leader  and  preacher  in  their  congregation.  Little  is  known  of 
his  early  education.  A  large  portion  of  his  youth  was  passed  without 
any  event  of  note.  He  returned  to  England  and  attracted  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  295 

attention  of  a  wealthy  friend,  but  soon  formed  a  desire  to  go  to 
London.  He  was  generously  supplied  with  money  and  in  a  short 
time  became  intoxicated  with  the  pleasures  of  dissipation,  which 
continued  until  his  means  became  exhausted.  Then  his  mind  was 
aroused  to  the  sin  and  folly  of  his  course.  With  the  aid  of  friends 
he  found  employment,  but  he  was  not  designed  for  business.  His 
former  habits  of  religious  devotion  returned.  He  became  a  constant 
attendant  upon  the  preaching  of  Whitefield,  at  one  of  whose  meet- 
ings he  met  the  lady  he  afterwards  married,  Eliza  Neale.  He  became 
interested  in  the  sermons  of  James  Relly,  who  preached  what  is 
now  termed  Universalist  doctrine,  and  became  converted  to  his 
views.  This  led  to  his  expulsion  from  Mr.  Whitefield's  society  and 
the  loss  of  his  friends  and  religious  associates.  Added  to  this 
was  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  infant  child.  He  started. for  America, 
landing  at  Portsmouth,  where  he  was  invited  to  settle.  His  picture 
represents  him  with  a  round,  full  Saxon  face,  beaming  with  kindli- 
ness. He  is  described  as  of  medium  height,  of  fine  presence,  an 
earnest,  effective  pulpit  orator,  and  a  charitable  man,  who  went  abroad 
doing  good,  with  little  regard  for  pecuniary  reward.  Mr.  Murray  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife  Mrs.  Judith  Stevens,  widow  of  John  Stevens, 
soon  after  his  coming  here.  She  was  a  lady  of  great  personal  beauty 
and  refinement,  having  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  education.  She 
was  the  authoress  of  several  works  under  the  nom  de  plume  of 
"  Constantia,"  but  they  have  failed  to  attract  the  attention  in  later 
days  so  much  desired.  He  was  succeeded  in  1804  by  Rev.  Thomas 
Jones  and  in  1837  Rev.  Daniel  D.  Smith  was  settled  as  his  colleague. 
Mr.  Jones  died  in  August,  1846.  Mr.  Smith  remained  until  April, 
1841,  and  in  1843  the  Independent  Universalist  Society  was  organ- 
ized by  his  followers,  who  withdrew  from  the  Independent  Christian 
Society.  Mr.  Smith  was  their  first  pastor,  followed  by  Rev.  David 
H.  Plumb  (1849)  and  Rev.  George  J.  Sanger  (1853)  who  preached 
his  farewell  sermon  March  2,  1856,  the  dissolution  of  the  society 
soon  following.  They  worshipped  first  in  the  Murray  Institute,  on 
Middle  Street,  afterwards  in  the  old  Town  Hall  and,  in  the  fall  of 
1845,  occupied  the  meeting  house  they  had  built  on  Elm  Street, 
which  was  sold  to  the  Methodists  in  1858,  and  now  known  as  the 
Opera  House. 

The  succeeding  pastors  of  the  society  have  been  Rev.  Frederick 
F.  Thayer,   1843-44;    Rev.   Henry  B.  Soule,  1845-46;  Rev.  Amory 


296 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


D.  Mayo,  1846-54;  W.  R.  G.  Mellen,  1855-61  ;  Rev.  George  W. 
Skinner,  1862-65  5  RCV-  Elmer  H.  Capen,  1865-69  ;  Rev.  Richard 
Eddy,  1870-77;  Rev.  Costello  Weston,  1879-83;  Rev.  William  H. 
Rider,  the  present  pastor,  was  installed  October,  1883. 

In  1805,  a  subscription  for  a  new  meeting  house  was  opened  and 
in  that  year  a  lot  of  land  from  Middle  to  High,  now  Prospect  Street, 
63  feet  front  on  the  former,  170  feet  on  the  latter,  was  purchased 
from  William  Pearce,  the  present  house  of  worship  erected  in  1805-6 
and  dedicated  October  9,  1806.  This,  with  its  fine  gravelled 
approach,  shaded  by  beautiful  elms,  and  its  symmetrically  designed 
spire,  a  landmark,  is  one  of  the  chief  features  of  the  town,  being  as 


RESIDENCE    OF    REV.    W.    H.    RIDER,    WESTERN    AVENUE. 

it  is  the  Mecca  for  the  Universalists  of  America.  It  contains  many 
objects  of  historic  interest  and  its  clear-toned  bell,  cast  at  the  Paul 
Revere  Foundry,  still  summons  large  numbers  of  worshippers  every 
Sabbath. 

A  portion  of  this  tract  was  set  off  as  the  Universalist  burying 
ground  and  is  approached  from  Church  Street.  It  is  now  abandoned 
for  the  purpose  originally  intended.  One  lot  was  assigned  to  the 
holder  of  each  pew,  at  the  laying  out  of  the  plot,  and  one-fourth  of 
the  ground  was  reserved  for  the  society. 

November  23,  1806,  the  church  organization,  as  distinct  from  the 
society,  was  formed,  nine  men  and  24  women  being  recognized  as  a 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  297 

church.  The  first  deacons  were  Isaac  and  Payne  Elwell.  A  beau- 
tiful ceremony  jvas  performed  on  the  occasion  of  the  first  Sabbath's 
services  in  the  new  edifice,  whe.n  an  infant  daughter  of  William 
Pearce,  Jr.,  was  dedicated  to  the  love  and  service  of  God,  a  distinctive 
feature  of  the  Universalist  church,  instituted  by  Rev.  John  Murray. 
Besides  other  kindred  organizations  a  sixth  Universalist  society 
was  organized  in  Lanesville,  in  March,  1876,  and  a  seventh  Univer- 
salist society  at  East  Gloucester,  March  22,  1884.  The  former  built 
a  meeting  house  in  1878,  and  the  latter  in  1886. 

THE    BAPTIST    CHURCH. 

The  Baptist  Church  on  Cape  Ann  was  first  established  at  Rockport 
through  the  efforts  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Hale,  Jr.  He  was  a  native  of 
Sandy  Bay  and  early  engaged  in  sea-faring  voyages,  having  had  the 
various  exciting  adventures  that  fall  to  a  sailor's  lot,  at  one 
time  being  made  prisoner  by  a  French  privateer.  At  the  age  of  28 
he  was  captain  of  an  English  brig  plying  between  New  York  and 
Madeira.  During  one  of  these  voyages,  in  the  midst  of  a  terrific 
storm,  he  "  experienced  religion,"  and  on  returning  to  New  York  was 
baptized  and  received  as  a  member  of  one  of  the  Baptist  churches 
there.  Having  married  Miss  White,  an  English  lady,  he  returned  to 
his  native  place,  Sandy  Bay,  and  was  the  first  Baptist  resident  on  the 
Cape  of  which  there  is  record.  This  was  in  1804. 

He  settled  in  Rockport,  laboring  zealously,  with  the  result  that  a 
number  were  converted,  and  March  30,  1808,  the  First  Baptist 
Church  was  organized  there  with  18  members.  The  first  meetings 
were  held  at  the  house  of  Capt.  Hale,  who  was  licensed  to  preach, 
devoting  his  life  to  the  work  until  his  death  at  the  age  of  42.  He 
was  buried  at  Rockport,  and  his  wife  is  interred  by  his  side. 

Among  the  members  of  Capt.  Hale's  congregation  was  Mr.  John 
Smith,  of  Gloucester  proper.  He  labored  zealously  at  the  harbor, 
holding  prayer  meetings  in  his  own  house,  also  at  the  residence  of 
Mr.  Joseph  Fears,  who  with  his  wife  had  become  deeply  interested. 
The  interest  grew  in  these  meetings  until  such  a  number  became 
attendants  that  what  was  called  Union  Hall  was  secured  for  Sunday 
services.  The  pulpit  was  supplied  by  Rev.  Rufus  Babcock,  of  Salem, 
and  Brother  Benson,  a  blind  preacher,  but  the  first  regular  preacher  was 
Rev.  Mr.  Boswell,  who  had  been  for  a  while  pastor  at  Sandy  Bay.  It 
was  resolved  to  form  a  church  called  the  First  Baptist  Church.  This 


298 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER. 


BAPTIST   CHURCH. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  2tt» 

was  effected  December  29,  1830,  the  original  members  being  :  Timo- 
thy Favor,  Benjamin  Ellery,  Joseph  Fears,  John  Woodbury,  Nancy 
Woodbury,  Esther  Leighton,  Margaret  Favor,  Elizabeth  Roberts, 
Sally  Rowe,  Dorcas  Smith,  Sallie  Bailey,  Hannah  Dresser,  Judith 
Ellery,  Lucy  Steele,  Sally  Elwell,  Esther  Fears,  Nancy  Thomas, 
Eunice  Brown,  Hannah  Adams,  Betsy  Fears. 

A  church  was  soon  erected,  the  site  being  that  now  occupied  by 
the  residence  of  Michael  Walen,  Esq.,  32  Pleasant  Street.  Its  cost 
including  the  land  was  $1,800.  It  was  a  small  plain  structure,  as 
expensive  as  the  limited  resources  of  the  church  would  allow.  It  was 
dedicated  September  21,  1830  and,  after  serving  its  purpose  fora 
number  of  years,  was  sold  to  the  Catholics  of  the  town,  and  by  them 
used  as  a  place  of  worship  until  their  imposing  granite  structure  was 
erected,  after  which  it  was  converted  to  its  present  use,  as  a 
parochial  school-house. 

The  society  grew  in  membership  and  influence  and  a  new  and 
commodious  church  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Middle  and  Pleasant 
Streets,  and  was  dedicated  in  March,  1851.  This  was  extensively 
remodeled  at  a  cost  of  $18,000  in  1869,  and  was  nearing  completion 
when  fire  burned  the  edifice  to  the  ground.  Notwithstanding  this 
depressing  set-back,  steps  were  at  once  taken  to  rebuild  a  new  church 
home,  services  being  held  in  a  structure  called  the  Tabernacle,  tem- 
porarily designed  for  the  purpose.  The  new  building  of  ample 
dimensions  with  its  towering  steeple,  in  a  commanding  position, 
forming  one  of  the  landmarks  of  the  town,  was  dedicated  with  appro- 
priate exercises,  May  4,  1871. 

From  humble  beginnings  the  church  has  grown  to  be  among  the 
foremost  in  the  city  in  strength  and  influence,  its  members  char- 
acterized by  a  broad  and  liberal  spirit  in  their  church  work,  which 
has  been  largely  instrumental  in  bringing  it  to  the  present  high 
standard. 

The  pastors  of  the  church  have  been  : — Rev.  Samuel  Adlam,  1831- 
34;  Rev.  William  Lamson,  1837-39;  Rev.  J.  A.  B.  Stone,  1839-41  ; 
Rev.  William  Lamson,  1841-48;  Rev.  Joseph  R.  Manton,  1849-50; 
Rev.  Miles  Sanford,  1851-53;  Rev.  Samuel  Everett  Pierce,  1853-60; 
Rev.  L.  M.  Woodruff,  1862-64;  Rev.  George  B.  Gow,  1864-67; 
Rev.  Forest  F.  Emerson,  1868-73;  Rev.  J.  M.  English,  1875-82; 
Rev.  C.  D.  Morris,  1882,  succeeded  by  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Villers  the 
present  pastor  in  1888. 


300  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  East  Gloucester  Baptist  Church  was  established  in  January, 
1 86 1,  and  was  organized  July  13,  1863.  It  was  originally  composed 
of  54  persons  dismissed  from  the  present  church  for  the  purpose  of 
creating  the  organization.  The  society  was  organized  in  March,  1865 
and  incorporated  in  April,  1878.  A  chapel  was  erected  in  1858, 
enlarged  and  dedicated  February  3,  1869,  and  has  recently  undergone 
extensive  alterations.  The  first  minister  was  Rev.  Andrew  Dunn  ; 
George  Dana  Sanders,  the  present  pastor,  was  installed  June,  1885. 

Meetings  of  unorganized  Baptists  were  conducted  about  1810  at 
Annisquam  by  Rev.  Epes  Davis,  a  Free-Will  Baptist,  at  his  own 
house.  About  1825  he  joined  the  Calvanist  Baptists.  In  1830  he 
built  a  meeting-house,  dedicated  in  1831.  It  is  now  known  as  Me- 
chanics' Hall. 

THE  METHODIST  CHURCH. 

In  1805,  John  Edney,  an  English  Wesleyan,  became  a  resident  of 
Gloucester,  at  Riverdale,  and  held  meetings  at  his  house.  By  his 
efforts,  no  doubt,  the  first  Methodist  sermon  was  preached  in  1806 
by  Rev.  George  Pickering,  presiding  elder  of  the  Boston  district. 
Mr.  Pickering  made  numerous  subsequent  and  perhaps  protracted 
visits.  Large  numbers  were  attracted  to  hear  his  exposition  of  the 
gospel  which  was  characterized  by  all  the  fervidity  and  intensity, 
the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  pioneer  circuit  preachers. 

Several  citizens,  manifesting  one  of  those  curious  outcroppings  of 
religious  intolerance  which  we  find  so  hard  to  explain,  petitioned 
the  selectmen  to  interfere  with  these  gatherings,  professing  to  feel 
apprehensive  for  the  peace  of  the  neighborhood.  The  selectmen 
therefore  called  on  Mr.  Pickering  and  coolly  requested  him  to  leave 
town.  Mr.  Pickering  calmly  assured  them  that  he  knew  what  he  was 
about  and  that  he  should  remain  as  long  as  there  was  a  prospect  of 
his  doing  good,  whereat  the  town's  worthies  retired  and  the  meetings 
were  continued. 

A  few  converts  was  the  result  of  these  early  labors,  although  the 
field  was  virtually  abandoned  until  1821  when  Mr.  Pickering,  as  a 
missionary  of  the  New  England  conference,  commenced  periodical 
visits  which  lasted  some  four  years.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  old 
meeting  house  or  private  residences  at  Riverdale.  Class  meet- 
ings for  religious  inquiry  were  also  held.  These  laid  the  foundations 
for  a  permanent  ministry  and,  in  1826,  a  society  was  organized  com- 
posed of  about  20  persons,  the  following  persons  being  the  first  to 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER,  301 

be  formed  into  a  class:  Thomas  Hillier,  Dorcas  Marston,  Isabel 
Hodgkins,  Judith  Tucker,  Clarissa  Adams,  Betsy  Pulcifer,  Rachel 
Riggs  and  Lucy  Lowe. 

Rev.  Aaron  Waitt  was  the  first  minister  appointed,  his  field  in 
eluding  the  Cape.  Services  were  held  in  the  old  meeting  house  in 
the  Fourth  Parish  until  the  fall  of  1828  when  a  new  edifice  was 
erected  on  Prospect  Street,  at  the  harbor,  when  Mr.  Wait  occu- 
pied the  pulpit.  In  1858  they  purchased  the  building  on  Elm  Street 
erected  by  the  "Independent  Universalist  Society,"  which  they  occu- 
pied until  1883.  This  building  is  now  used  for  secular  purposes. 

October  31,  1883,  a  new  and  commodious  church  erected  in  a  com- 
manding position  on  the  corner  of  Prospect  and  Park  Streets  was 
formally  dedicated  and  here  the  society  is  installed  in  a  pleasant 
church  home. 

The  pastors  of  the  church  have  been  Revs.  W.  R.  Stone,  Aaron 
Summers,  Aaron  Josselyn,  John  Bailey,  Leonard  B.  Griffin,  E.  M. 
Beebe,  Stephen  Hiler,  H.  P.  Hall,  Joel  Steele,  Mr.  Burrows,  H.  M. 
Bridge,  W.  C.  Clark,  John  Collum,  J.  Wilson,  Linus  Fish,  H.  R.  Par- 
menter,  N.  A.  Soull,  C.  L.  McCundy,  I.  J.  P.  Collyer,  W.  C.  High, 
J.  C.  Smith,  A.  F.  Herrick,  N.  T.  Whitaker,  Albert  Gould,  E.  A. 
Titus,  G.  F.  Eaton,  S.  B.  Sweetzer,  J.  W.  Higgins,  G.  W.  Mansfield, 
and  W.  F.  Cook,  the  present  pastor. 

In  1838,  a  second  Methodist  society  and  church  was  organized  at 
Riverdale,  Rev.  Mr.  Wait  dividing  his  labors  between  this  and  the 
town  parish.  November  17,  1838,  a  new  house  of  worship  was 
erected,  Samuel  Curtis  having  donated  the  land.  The  bell  on  this 
meeting  house,  still  in  use,  was  purchased  of  the  Congregational 
Church  in  Rockport  and  is  the  same  that  rang  the  alarm  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Sandy  Bay  when  the  British  frigate  Nymph  bombarded  the 
town,  as  before  described.  Since  Mr.  Wait  at  Riverdale  there  have 
been  these  pastors:  Leonard  B.  Griffin,  1838;  Benjamin  F.  Lam- 
bord,  1840;  Ziba  B.  C.  Dunham,  1841  ;  Zachariah  A.  Mudge,  1842; 
Thomas  C.  Pearce,  1843;  C.  R.Foster,  1844;  Daniel  Richards,  1845; 
John  Poulson,  1847;  John  G.  Cary,  1848;  Jarvis  Wilson,  1850; 
Augustus  F.  Bailey,  1851  ;  W.  F.  La  Count,  1853;  Z.  B.  C.  Dunham, 
1855  ;  Horace  F.  Morse,  1856;  Samuel  A.  Gushing,  1858;  N.  S. 
Spalding,  1859;  Jonn  Middleton,  1861  ;  S.  Chapin,  1863;  W7.  F. 
La  Count,  1865;  A.  J.  Hall,  1868;  W.  J.  Hambleton,  1871  ;  A.  M. 


302  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

Osgood,  1872;  John  Capen,  1873  ;  W.  P.  Blackmer,  1874;  W.  Wil- 
kie,  1876;  N.  H.  Martin,  1878;  I.  A.  Mesler,  1881  ;  C.  M.  Hall, 
1884;  T.  C.  Martin,  1887. 

A  Third  Methodist  church  was  organized  at  Sandy  Bay  in  1831, 
Rev.  Aaron  Summers  being  pastor  in  charge. 

The  Fourth  Methodist  Church  resulted  from  the  organization  of 
the  following  named  persons  as  a  class  at  Bay  View  in  May,  1871  : 
Kilby  P.  Sargent,  George  Lane,  Thomas  Lane,  Nancy  Griffin,  Sarah 
Roberts,  Daniel  Roberts,  William  P.  Hayden,  George  W.  Hodgdon, 
Eliza  J.  Hodgdon,  Lincoln  Littlefield,  Eliza  J.  Littlefield,  Clara 
Ramsdell,  Moses  Ramsdell,  Warren  Griffin,  Sarah  Griffin,  Charles 
W.  Howland,  William  Roily,  Richard  Pillage,  N.  Hart,  N.  M.  Hatch. 

A  church  building  was  erected  on  a  lot  of  land  given  by  Kilby  P. 
Sargent,  and  was  dedicated  March  14,  1871.  The  first  pastor  was 
Alonzo  Sanderson  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Allen  J.  Hall,  William 
B.  Toulmin,  George  E.  Sanderson,  John  Peterson,  William  Silver- 
thorn,  William  F.  Lawford,  Rev.  George  W.  Coon. 

A  Fifth  Methodist  church  was  organized  September  23,  1885,  at 
East  Gloucester,  with  22  members.  A  church  building  was  begun 
in  June  and  finished  in  January,  1887.  It  is  regularly  supplied  with 
preachers.  The  Methodists  also  carry  on  mission  work  among  the 
Swedes  of  the  Cape. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 

One  or  two  families  constituted  the  sole  representatives  of  the 
Emerald  Isle  on  the  Cape  up  to  1840,  but  after  that  the  accessions 
of  this  race,  together  with  the  Portuguese  and  others  of  the  Catholic 
faith,  were  more  numerous.  With  their  advent  commences  the 
history  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  on  Cape  Ann.  The  first 
mass  in  Gloucester  was  celebrated  January  I,  1849,  m  tne  room  of  a 
Catholic  family,  Rev.  John  McCabe  of  Salem,  being  the  officiating 
priest.  After  that,  Mass  was  celebrated  in  the  Town  Hall,  at  inter- 
vals, until  1855,  when  the  building  first  erected  by  the  Baptists  was 
purchased,  removed  to  the  site  of  the  present  stone  church  on  Park 
Street  and  converted  into  a  Catholic  chapel,  the  dedication  occurring 
September  30,  1855,  by  Rev.  John  O'Brien,  of  Lowell,  the  sermon 
being  preached  by  Rev.  Nicholas  O'Brien,  of  Boston.  To  the  exer- 
tions of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Shahan,  of  Salem,  the  acquirement  of  this 
first  church  is  due.  A  few  months  afterwards,  Rev.  Luigi 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  303 

Acquarone,  was  settled  as  the  priest  of  the  parish,  continuing  until 
1871,  when,  at  the  venerable  age  of  80,  he  returned  to  his  native 
village  in  Italy,  where  his  life  came  to  a  peaceful  close. 

Parish  matters  went  on  quietly,  the  congregation  increasing  in 
numbers  during  the  time.  After  Dr.  Acquarone's  departure,  Rev. 
J.  J.  Healy  took  charge  of  the  parish,  commencing  his  labors  here 
September  5,  1871.  A  change  in  methods  was  at  once  apparent  and 
in  five  years  this  latest  of  the  churches  to  obtain  a  foothold  on  the 
Cape  had  changed  its  home  from  the  unpretentious  wooden  building 
referred  to,  to  a  magnificent  stone  edifice,  which  far  excelled  any 
similar  structure  in  the  town  or  in  many  towns  of  far  greater 
size  in  the  country. 

The  man  to  whose  indefatigable  zeal,  the  acquisition  of  this 
with  other  parochial  property  is  due,  is  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Healy,  born 
near  Bantry,  County  Cork,  Ireland,  January  30,  1835.  He  was 
ordained  as  a  priest  at  St.  Mary's  Seminary,  Baltimore,  Md.,  June 
30,  1868,  and  after  three  years  in  St.  James,  Salem,  came  to 
Gloucester.  His  first  action  of  note  was  to  purchase  a  parochial 
house,  there  being  no  provision  of  the  kind  here.  He  then  com- 
menced to  buy  house  lots  about  the  old  church  with  the  evident 
intention  in  the  future  of  building  a  more  commodious  church. 
Some  of  the  parishioners  remonstrated,  alarmed  at  the  breaking 
away  from  the  old  conservative  methods,  but  having  acquired  the 
necessary  property,  disposing  of  the  old  houses  thereon,  excavations 
were  commenced  for  the  foundations  of  a  new  church.  Operations 
were  pushed  and  the  community  saw  steadily  arising  a  massive 
granite  structure,  which  gradually  assumed  its  magnificent  pro- 
portions. 

The  corner  stone  was  laid  in  1876,  and  the  completion  of  the 
edifice,  with  its  three  rich  marble  altars  and  handsome  frescoing 
followed  in  the  same  year.  A  short  time  afterwards  the  grand  organ 
was  erected,  the  finest  in  Essex  county,  then  the  belfry  and  tower 
and  the  blessing  of  the  largest  church  bell  in  New  England. 

The  church  is  a  handsome  stone  edifice,  70  x  142  feet,  of  imposing 
architecture,  and  elegant  in  all  its  appointments,  without  and  within. 
The  basement  is  light,  airy  and  commodious,  having  two  handsome 
vestries  on  either  side  of  an  elegantly  carved  wooden  altar,  it  being 
furnished  with  hardwood  pews,  with  seating  capacity  for  over  100 
persons. 


304 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


The  interior  of  the  church  proper  consists  of  nave,  aisles  and 
chancel  the  latter  having  a  vestry  on  either  side,  connected  by  a 
passage,  in  the  rear  of  the  main  altar.  There  are  three  aisles,  one 
from  each  door,  the  main  aisle  being  six  feet  and  the  others  four  feet 
in  width.  The  roof  is  open-timbered,  with  the  timbers  cased  and 
moulded.  Over  the  vestibule  is  the  organ  gallery,  extending  slightly 
into  the  auditorium,  with  accommodations  for  100  persons,  and 
furnished  with  an  organ  of  fine  tone,  built  by  George  H.  Ryder, 


of  Boston.  The  chancel,  in  the  rear  of  the  auditorium,  is  octago- 
nal in  form,  with  an  arch  40  feet  wide  and  60  feet  high/  with  heavy 
stucco  mouldings.  It  is  lighted  by  four  windows,  4x14  feet,  of 
richly  stained  glass,  with  figures  representing  the  four  Evangelists, 
with  their  respective  emblems — the  ox,  lion,  eagle  and  angel.  The 
altars  are  three  in  number,  all  of  marble  of  exquisite  variety,  set  in 
mosaic  style,  and  representing  nearly  all  the  nations  of  Europe.  The 
main  altar  is  60  feet  high  and  of  magnificent  architecture,  and  one 
might  travel  far  amid  the  stately  cathedrals  of  the  old  world  without 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  305 

finding  its  equal.  There  are  16  nave  arches,  eight  on  each  side, 
springing  from  richly  carved  caps  and  graceful  columns.  The  roof 
work  is  of  pine,  richly  decorated,  and  the  other  finish  is  of  brown 
ash.  The  windows  are  of  cathedral  glass,  rich  in  design,  and  the 
frescoing  is  in  perfect  keeping  with  the  other  details  of  the  structure. 
A  description  of  the  countless  sacred  emblems,  which  everywhere 
greet  the  eye  from  window  and  ceiling  would  require  too  much 
space  and  labor.  The  student  of  biblical  and  ecclesiastical  lore  may 
here  find  a  rich  field  for  interesting  study,  not  for  hours  but  whole 
days,  in  their  pictorial  illustrations.  The  cost,  not  far  from  $  100,000. 

It  was  consecrated  July  25,  1886,  by  Most  Rev.  John  J.  Williams, 
Archbishop  of  Boston,  assisted  by  50  of  the  clergymen  from  the 
neighboring  towns  with  Rev.  J.  P.  Bodfish,  rector  of  the  Cathedral, 
as  grand-master  of  ceremonies,  and  Rev.  Charles  W.  Regan,  of  St. 
Ann's  Church  of  this  city,  assistant  master.  The  consecration 
services  began  at  7  A.M.  and  lasted  until  9.30  A.M.,  with  most  impos- 
ing ceremonials,  a  select  choir  of  40  of  Boston's  vocalists,  singing 
the  High  Mass  of  Consecration,  under  the  direction  of  John  J. 
McCluskey;  J.  Frank  Donahoe,  the  organist  at  Boston  Cathedral, 
officiating  here  in  a  similar  capacity.  The  day  will  long  be  remem- 
bered in  the  history  of  the  church. 

The  handsome  brick  parochial  house  fronting  on  Dale  Avenue  was 
built  in  1880,  and  the  school  and  convent  were  completed  in  1886. 
This  group  of  church  buildings  occupy  one  of  the  most  central 
squares  of  the  city,  and  are  one  of  its  chief  ornaments.  The  church 
alone  cost  over  $100,000,  and  is  entirely  free  from  debt.  Their  con- 
struction has  involved  an  expenditure  of  over  $140,000. 

Rev.  Father  Healy  has  been  appointed  permanent  Rector,  which 
carries  with  it  the  well-deserved  privilege  of  a  life  tenure.  The 
assistants  at  St.  Anne's  under  Father  Healy's  administration,  have 
been  Rev.  Eugene  McCarthy,  1876,  and  several  others  who  tempo- 
rarily held  the  position.  Rev.  Charles  W.  Regan  and  Rev.  John  B. 
Kelliher  are  the  present  assistants.  Mass  was  celebrated  in  Rock- 
port  in  1850,  by  Rev.  John  McCabe,  of  Salem,  and  a  house  of  worship 
erected  on  Broadway,  1856.  At  present  Rev.  Thomas  Tobin  is 
pastor,  the  church  being  called  St.  Joachim. 

Mass  was  first  celebrated  in  Lanesville,  about  1850  and  in  1876  a 
church  edifice,  The  Sacred  Heart,  was  erected.  Rev.  Thomas  Tobin, 
•of  Rockport,  is  the  officiating  priest.  The  Portuguese  residents  of 


306  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  town  formed  a  church  in  November,  1890,  the  pastor  being  Rev. 
Francis  De  Bern.  At  the  present  time  they  are  engaged  in  the  pre- 
liminary work  of  erecting  a  church  on  Prospect  Street. 

EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 

St.  John's  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  in  1864,  and  the  church 
edifice  erected  on  Middle  Street  the  same  year,  mainly  through  the 
instrumentality  of  the  late  Theron  Dale.  At  present  the  parish 
comprises  about  100  families.  Rev.  Albert  Watkins,  the  rector 
since  1890,  resigned  in  August,  1892. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  schools  of  Gloucester  have  a  high  reputation  at  home  and 
abroad.  The  citizens  pride  themselves  on  this  fact  and  have  always 
counted  money  well  spent  which  has  advanced  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion. The  first  public  school  in  town  was  established  in  1698, 
Thomas  Riggs,  being  the  master,  although  previous  to  this  no  doubt, 
facilities  for  private  instruction  were  to  be  had.  The  education  of 
females  was  not  considered  of  as  much  importance  as  that  of  their 
more  fortunate  brothers.  It  is  estimated  that  fully  one-half  the  pop- 
ulation in  1664  could  neither  read  or  write.  In  1707  it  was  voted 
"to  build  a  school  house  24  feet  in  length,  16  feet  in  width  and  six 
foot  stud  between  joists  at  the  town's  cost  which  was  erected  up  in 
town,  the  bill  amounting  to  $82.50  in  modern  reckoning.  At  this 
time  instruction  for  girls  included  reading,  knitting  and  sewing.  In 
1749  it  was  given  to  Jemina  Millett,  having  been  for  several  years 
out  of  repair. 

The  first  school-house  in  the  harbor  parish  was  erected  on  the 
northwesterly  corner  of  Washington  and  Middle  Streets  on  the 
"  crotch  of  ye  highway,"  the  land  for  the  purpose  being  granted  in 
1742,  near  the  site  of  the  Forbes  school-house  of  to-day.  The  build- 
ing was  of  one  story  built  through  the  efforts  of  the  following  influ- 
ential and  prominent  proprietors :  Philemon  Warner,  Ezekiel  Wood- 
ward, Jr.,  William  Ellery,  Nymphas  Stacy,  Joseph  Littlehale,  Thomas 
Allen,  Eben  Parsons,  Epes  Sargent,  Joseph  Allen,  Nathaniel  Ellery, 
Nathaniel  Sargent,  William  Parsons,  Daniel  Witham,  Peter  Dolliver, 
and  Thomas  Sanders,  Jr.  Mr.  Whittemore,  afterwards  a  prominent 
citizen,  was  a  teacher  in  1758  and  in  the  same  year  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Jacob  Baily,  who  afterwards  became  an  Episcopal  minister.  In 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  807 

a  letter  to  a  friend  he  gives  the  following  quaint  and  pleasing  picture 
of  his  labors  :  "My  school  continues  to  increase  and  I  have  already 
between  20  and  30  misses  who  come  to  school  dressed  in  sacks  and 
ruffles.  They  make  a  very  pretty  appearance.  We  conclude  at 
evening  by  singing  one  of  Dr.  Watts'  hymns  or  else  his  Sapphic  ode 
and  the  house  is  built  in  such -a  manner  that  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired  in  the  melody  and  the  order  and  decency  which  attends  it." 
This  was  evidently  a  select  school  for  young  ladies.  After  50  years' 
use  it  became  dilapidated  and  was  discontinued  on  the  erection  of  the 
Granite  Street  house  in  1795.  This  latter  was  a  two-story  structure. 
Adjoining  was  the  town  poor  farm.  After  remaining  there  for  many 
years  the  building  was  removed  to  its  present  location  on  Beacon 
Street. 

The  next  was  the  Town  Grammar  school  which  was  dedicated  with 
great  solemnity  March  5,  1795.  The  dignitaries  of  the  town  marched 
in  procession  to  Granite  Street  near  which  it  was  erected.  Rev.  Eli 
Forbes  preached  an  impressive  sermon.  The  sum  of  ^300  was 
originally  appropriated  for  its  construction,  but  from  some  cause  its 
erection  was  deferred  for  two  years.  From  1735  down  to  this  time 
what  were  known  as  circulating  schools  came  into  existence.  The 
sessions  were  held  in  different  sections  of  the  town  according  to  the 
amount  of  taxes  paid. 

In  1804  the  district  system  was  adopted.  The  first  and  second, 
comprising  the  central  portion  of  the  town,  neglected  to  provide  a 
school  until  19  years  after,  when  they  erected  a  building  for  the  pur- 
pose on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Collins  school-house.  In  1850 
the  system  was  abandoned,  its  results  proving  unsatisfactory,  so 
much  so,  that  during  its  life  the  wealthy  citizens  sent  their  children 
to  Byfield  Academy.  Private  institutions  were  also  maintained  by 
those  able  to  defray  the  tuition.  The  town  then  resumed  the  manage- 
ment of  its  schools.  The  first  principal  of  the  High  School  was 
Moses  Patten,  appointed  in  that  year.  Since  that  time  marked  im- 
provement has  been  effected  in  everything  pertaining  to  public 
school  education.  The  present  Collins  school  building  was  dedicated 
with  much  ceremony  September  19,  1864.  Its  name,  like  its  predeces- 
sor, was  derived  from  Madame  Collins,  who  in  the  early  part  of  the 
century  gave  the  land  upon  which  the  building  stands.  The  Sawyer 
school-house  on  Friend  Street,  similar  architecturally  to  the  Collins 
was  erected  in  1869  at  a  cost  of  $23,000.  The  first  brick  structure, 


308  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  Babson  school-house  was  built  in  1881,  the  entire  expenditure 
including  heating,  etc.,  being  $25,944.  The  Hildreth  school-house 
on  Eastern  Avenue  was  erected  in  1884,  at  an  outlay  of  $18,000  for 
building  and  furnishing  and  $4,000  additional  for  grading.  The 
High  school-house  on  Dale  Avenue  was  erected  in  1888  and  '89,  the 
total  cost,  including  land,  being  $100,000.  This  building,  one  of  the 
most  imposing  and  commodious  of  its  kind  in  New  England,  is  built 
of  brick  with  granite  trimmings. 

The  first  High  school-house  was  erected  in  1851  on  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  present  lot  at  a  cost  of  $3,100,  including  the 
land.  It  was  enlarged  in  1870  and  '78,  and  was  destroyed  by  fire 
May  11,  1887. 

The  whole  number  of  pupils  registered  during  the  year  1892  was 
4,146,  of  which  313  were  in  the  High  School.  There  are  108  teachers 
employed,  including  four  males,  10  of  which  are  in  the  High  School. 
The  number  of  buildings  is  22  and  the  total  cost  of  maintenance 
for  the  past  year  was  $53,740.21.  The  present  school  committee  is 
composed  of  the  following  gentlemen :  Hon.  Asa  G.  Andrews, 
chairman,  ex-officio,  William  A.  Pew,  William  H.  Jordan,  Robert  R. 
Fears,  John  L.  Stanley,  J.  E.  Garland,  Henry  C.  L.  Haskell,  Allan 
Rogers,  W.  Frank  Parsons,  Alfred  F.  Stickney. 

Freeman  Putney  is  the  present  superintendent  of  schools. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  309 


CHAPTER  XV. 

Fires    and   Murders. 

EARLY  CONFLAGRATIONS.  FIRES  OF  1830  AND  1864.  OTHER  EVENTS 
OF  THIS  CHARACTER.  SERIOUS  CASUALTY  AT  THE  DALE  RESI- 
DENCE. PLUMMER,  PARSONS,  AND  OTHER  MURDERS. 

PHE  first  mention  of  fire  in  town  was  in  1656,  when  it  is  recorded 
1  that  John  Rowe,  who  settled  near  the  Farms,  was  possessed  of 
a  "  mind  to  set  his  house  on  fire  and  run  away  by  ye  light  "  giving 
as  a  reason,  disinclination  "  to  live  longer  among  such  a  company 
of  hell  hounds."  The  house  of  William  Colman,  who  resided  near 
the  Farms  as  early  as  1664,  was  burned,  probably  the  first  in  town. 

The  first  fire  company  in  town  was  instituted  January  10,  1766. 
August  1 8,  1789  the  "  Masonick  Fire  Society"  was  formed,  Barnet 
Harkin,  being  the  captain.  This  was  followed  in  1803  by  the  organ- 
ization of  the  "Social  Fire  Society,"  and  in  1807  by  the  "United 
Fire  Society."  The  first  mention  of  the  subject  in  local  records  is 
in  1785  when  it  was  voted  to  furnish  staffs  for  the  fire  department. 
Each  member  of  the  early  societies  were  provided  with  one  or  two 
buckets,  and  two  leather  bags  of  a  capacity  of  three  gallons.  Hand 
tubs  were  first  purchased  in  1793,  and  steam  fire  engines,  the  Cape 
Ann  and  Magnolia,  in  1864. 

The  first  serious  fire  in  town  occurred  September  30,  1830.  Be- 
between  four  and  five  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  people  were  awak- 
ened by  the  ringing  of  the  church  bells  sounding  an  alarm  of  fire 
which  originated  in  the  outfitting  store  of  Samuel  Gilbert,  on  the 
corner  of  Front  and  Commercial  Streets,  supposed  to  have  been 
caused  by  the  spontaneous  combustion  of  oil  clothes.  At  the  time, 
the  weather  being  very  fine,  about  all  the  able-bodied  men  in  the 
community  were  fishing.  The  Gloucester  Artillery  was  on  an  excur- 
sion to  Salem,  so  that  the  available  working  force  was  small.  The 
fire  department  consisted  of  one  hand  tub  which  had  to  be  filled  with 
water  from  buckets,  such  a  thing  as  a  suction  engine  being  unheard 
of.  The  flames  crept  leisurely  along  from  building  to  building  with- 


310  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

out  much  opposition  and  the  blaze  began  to  assume  large  proportions, 
and  it  became  evident  that  unless  something  was  done  a  large  part 
of  the  town  would  be  destroyed.  The  greater  portion  of  the  crowd 
was  composed  of  women  and  they  lent  their  efforts  toward  extin- 
guishing the  conflagration.  Two  lines  were  formed,  one  comprising 
men  and  the  other  of  women.  The  men  filled  and  passed  along 
their  line  the  old  leather  fire  buckets  in  use  while  the  women  returned 
them  empty.  The  fire  made  its  way  on  the  lower  side  of  the  street 
to  a  building  on  what  is  now  the  site  of  Odd  Fellows'  Hall.  Two 
enormous  chestnut  trees  on  the  premises  proved  an  efficient  barrier 
to  the  flames,  and  the  building  was  saved.  The  house  is  still  in  exist- 
ence, having  been  moved  to  the  rear  of  the  present  brick  edifice. 
Meanwhile  the  alarm  and  appeal  for  help  had  been  sent  to  the  sur- 
rounding towns,  and  the  engines  from  Salem,  Ipswich  and  other 
places,  together  with  the  members  of  the  artillery  company  celebrat- 
ing in  Salem,  soon  hastened  over  the  road.  The  fire  had  reached 
Short  Street,  when  the  reinforcement  got  to  work  and  effectually 
stopped  its  further  progress.  It  was  then  past  noon  ;  40  dwellings 
and  60  stores  were  destroyed,  and  the  loss  was  estimated  at  some 
$150,000. 

This  blow  fell  with  crushing  force,  as  but  little  insurance  was 
carried  at  that  time  and  many  were  reduced  from  comfortable  circum- 
stances to  poverty.  The  tidings  of  the  disaster  spread  rapidly  and 
excited  public  sympathy.  Generous  subscriptions  for  the  benefit  of 
the  sufferers  were  taken  up.  Among  the  first  to  respond  was  Hon. 
Josiah  Quincy,  who  sent  a  substantial  sum,  his  sense  of  duty  in  this 
respect  being  heightened  by  the  gratitude  he  felt  for  the  attention 
that  had  been  shown  his  dying  father  in  1775,  and  for  the  respectful 
manner  in  which  the  remains  of  this  patriot  were  given  a  temporary 
interment.  The  material  help  that  flowed  in  from  the  outside  in  a 
generous  stream  enabled  the  people  to  quickly  recover  from  the 
shock. 

THE  MOST  DESTRUCTIVE    EIRE. 

The  next  great  fire  occurred  February  18,  1864.  It  was  discov- 
ered at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning  in  a  store  in  Sawyer's  Block  on 
Front  Street,  occupied  by  Andrew  Elwell,  Jr.,  as  a  tailoring  estab- 
lishment. It  was  bitter  cold  at  the  time,  the  thermometer  standing 
at  six  degrees  below  zero. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  :)11 

The  flames  spread  rapidly  and  in  a  very  short  time  five  stores  were 
in  ashes.  The  fire  swept  from  Sawyer's  Block  to  the  house  of  James 
Mansfield,  on  the  southern  section  of  the  street,  and  from  the  store 
of  Cyrus  Story  to  the  Custom  House  on  the  northern  side,  at  which 
place  it  was  checked  by  a  steam  fire  engine  which  arrived  from  Salem. 
Fire  companies  with  engines  from  South  Danvers,  Marblehead  and 
from  Boston  responded  to  the  call  for  assistance.  The  military 
company,  stationed  at  the  fort  on  Eastern  Point,  rendered  valuable 
aid.  The  total  amount  of  property  destroyed  was  estimated  at 
$450,000,  on  which  there  was  an  insurance  of  $180,000.  The 
number  of  buildings  burned  was  103.  This  was  the  most  serious  fire 
in  the  history  of  the  town. 


MAIN     STREET— From    Calef's    Dry    Goods    Establishment, 
Taken  April   16,   1861,  after  a  Snow  Storm. 

OTHER  CONFLAGRATIONS. 

May  1 6,  1869,  the  new  Town  Hall  just  erected  was  burned.  The 
loss  was  $75,000.  Another  destructive  fire  occurred  August  27, 
1873.  It  was  discovered  shortly  before  12  o'clock  at  night  in  Dr. 
F.  W.  A.  Bergengren's  Block  on  Front  Street.  The  flames  spread 
rapidly,  communicating  with  the  buildings  on  the  corner  of  Hancock 
and  Front  Streets,  working  across  the  street.  The  fire  was  well 
under  control  when  one  of  the  steam  engines  broke  down  and  the 
reservoir  became  exhausted.  The  flames  were  fanned  into  new 
vigor,  and  worked  their  way  to  the  "old  corner,"  burning  out  the 


312 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


establishment  of  Procter  Brothers,  for  the  second  time  in  the  history 
of  the  firm.  The  total  loss  was  estimated  at  $125,000,  which  was 
fully  covered. 

About  2  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  March  14,  1875,  the  three-story 
wooden  building  on  Front  Street,  occupied  as  a  hotel  and  known  as 
the  Davis  House,  caught  fire  and  burned  to  the  ground.  Many  of 
the  inmates  were  rescued  in  an  unconscious  condition  and  narrowly 
escaped  death  by  burning.  Among  those  who  distinguished  them- 
selves on  this  occasion  by  saving  lives  was  Arthur  H.  Rowe.  Four 
were  burned  within  the  building,  or  taken  out  so  badly  injured  as  to 


MAIN  STREET,    I  892— From  Calef  s  Store  showing  Relaying  of  Street  Railway  Tracks. 

cause  their  death  in   a  short  time.     Their   names    were    Margaret 
Walton,  Julia  Kelly,  Hector  Skinner  and  Hugh  Logan. 

September  28,  1879,  about  two  acres  of  business  houses  were  laid 
in  ashes  by  the  flames.  Shortly  before  5  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the 
three-story  building  on  Rogers  Street,  known  as  Carter's  oil  clothing 
factory  was  discovered  to  be  afire,  and  before  it  could  be  extinguished 
it  had  communicated  to  the  Eureka  House  on  the  corner  of  Duncan 
Street  and  the  Gloucester  National  Bank,  consuming  the  upper 
stories  and  damaging  and  destroying  other  small  buildings  in  the 
vicinity.  The  blaze  crossed  Duncan  Street  and  consumed  Low's 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  313 

Block  and  various  wooden  buildings.  The  total  loss  was  $75,000  and 
was  covered  by  insurance.  Fire  engines  from  Salem,  Beverly  and 
Rockport  rendered  valuable  assistance. 

Tuesday,  July  2,  1884,  the  block  manufactory  of  Harvey  &  Tarr, 
on  Duncan  Street,  caught  fire  at  about  9  o'clock  in  the  forenoon, 
spreading  rapidly  to  other  structures  in  the  vicinity.  Seventeen 
buildings,  involving  a  loss  of  $60,000,  were  destroyed. 

SERIOUS  CASUALTY. 

The  only  serious  casualty  occurred  July  29,  1867,  at  the  residence 
of  the  late  Eben  Dale,  at  Freshwater  Cove.  Owing  to  the  leakage 
of  a  gas  making  apparatus,  the  cellar  became  filled  with  the  sub- 
stance. This  became  ignited  and  the  department  was  summoned. 
A  detail  of  firemen  had  been  engaged  some  fifteen  minutes  when  a 
lighted  lantern  was  brought  in.  An  explosion  followed  and  a  volume 
of  fire  poured  out,  hurling  those  in  its  vicinity  quite  a  distance.  The 
clothing  of  the  men  inside  was  set  on  fire  and  their  agony  was 
terrible.  They  were  quickly  gotten  out  and  rolled  on  the  ground  by 
the  firemen  and  spectators.  Among  those  in  the  cellar  and  receiving 
injuries  were  :  Moses  Rust,  Jr.,  Sherman  J.  Carter,  William  Somes, 
Stephen  Rich,  William  Gardner,  hosemen  ;  Andrew  J.  Rowe,  George 
H.  Oakes,  William  Bickford,  chief  engineer;  Bennett  Griffin, 
assistant  engineer ;  Frank  Burnham,  Thomas  Raymond,  Edward  L. 
Hotchkiss,  Phillip  C.  S.  Day,  Sydney  Gardner,  Milby  Martin,  George 
Hodgkins,  Jacob  Gaffney  and  Eben  Dale.  Mr.  Rust  died  in  great 
agony  next  morning,  and  was  buried  the  following  Wednesday,  the 
Masons  and  other  societies  attending  in  a  body.  Messrs.  Carter, 
Somes,  Rich  and  Gardner  were  severely  burned. 

The  department  apparatus  at  present  consists  of  four  steam  fire 
engines,  two  hook  and  ladder  trucks,  three  hose  wagons,  two  four- 
wheel  hose  carriages,  three  hand  engines,  two  chemical  engines, 
one  supply  wagon,  one  fire  pump  on  the  lighter  Abbott  Coffin. 
Fifteen  horses  are  assigned  to  the  various  houses.  The  fire  alarm 
consists  of  25  boxes  and  appurtenances.  The  chief  engineer  is 
Charles  S.  Marchant. 

MURDERS. 

The  first  murder  recorded  in  town  was  committed  by  a  young 
man  named  Samuel  Plummer,  the  son  of  Dr.  David  Plummer,  a 
highly  respected  physician.  Samuel  graduated  from  Harvard  College 


314  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER 

at  the  age  of  19,  in  1771.  He  then  returned  home  and  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  his  father  who  resided  near  Poles' 
Hill  at  Riverdale.  The  facts  bearing  upon  this  case  are  as  follows  : 
Shortly  after  his  return  a  slave  employed  as  a  house-maid  was  discov- 
ered to  be  approaching  an  accouchement  and  young  Plummer  was 
supposed  to  be  accountable  for  her  condition.  It  was  her  custom  to 
drive  the  cows  to  and  from  pasture  in  the  rear  of  Poles'  Hill.  Fail- 
ing to  return  from  her  usual  evening  duty,  search  was  made,  and  the 
girl  was  found  murdered,  having  been  killed  with  a  sword  which  was 
found  in  a  fissure  of  a  ledge.  The  implement  was  known  to  be  the  prop- 
erty of  Dr.  Plummer.  With  the  facts  of  the  case  in  mind  the  popular 
sentiment  was  directed  against  his  son,  as  the  perpetrator  of  the 
crime.  The  proper  officials  failing  to  take  cognizance  of  the  affair, 
the  feeling  became  so  intense  that  Plummer  was  forced  to  leave  town, 
Some  30  years  later,  a  stranger  alighted  from  the  stage  at  Lowe's 
tavern.  The  village  loungers  and  populace  gathered  awaiting  the 
arrival  of  the  mail,  and  speculated  with  some  concern  as  to  the  name 
and  mission  of  the  new  comer.  What  would  have  been  the  conse- 
quence if  those  to  whom  the  murder  of  the  black  woman  at  Poles' 
Hill  was  still  fresh  in  memory  had  known  that  the  stranger  was  the 
young  medical  student  who  committed  the  deed,  it  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  prophesy.  However,  he  was  safe.  Thirty  years,  with  a  crime 
of  this  character  on  a  man's  conscience,  greatly  changes  his  outward 
appearance.  He  stopped  at  the  tavern  for  a  day  while  people  passed 
in  and  out,  without  once  suspecting  his  identity.  He  walked  about 
the  old  town,  not  greatly  changed  from  his  boyhood  days,  for  since 
his  hasty  flight  over  Hodgkins'  ferry  and  the  Ipswich  road,  his 
native  place  has  been  sorely  tried  by  war.  Death  had  in  the  mean- 
time played  havoc  with  his  family.  His  father  and  mother  had  long 
since  passed  away.  Some  of  his  brothers  had  been  drowned  at  sea, 
another  left  the  town,  and  but  one  remained.  The  sensations  of  an 
educated  man  in  viewing  the  scenes  from  which  he  had  been  forced 
to  flee  must  be  various  and  conflicting.  Alas  the  results  of  youthful 
folly,  of  vain  endeavors  to  conceal  an  indiscretion  by  a  damning 
crime,  changing  the  brightest  prospects  of  life,  and  converting  one 
of  high  lineage  into  an  outcast  and  a  wanderer  on  the  face  of  the 
earth.  He  made  himself  known  to  one  cousin  who  accompanied  him 
about  the  town  for  a  day,  after  which  he  disappeared  as  mysteriously 
as  he  came.  Nothing  was  subsequently  heard  from  him. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  315 

In  1821,  the  Annisquam  woods  was  the  scene  of  a  murder.  Gor- 
ham  Parsons,  while  chopping  wood,  struck  and  instantly  killed  a  boy 
of  10  years,  named  Eben  Davis,  the  act  being  done  with  a  hatchet. 
The  boy  had  given  offence  by  singing  a  song.  After  committing 
the  deed  Parsons  took  the  boy  on  his  back  and  carried  him  to  the 
village.  He  was  arrested  and  tried  for  murder  but  set  up  the 
defense  that  the  hatchet  flew,  striking  the  boy,  killing  him  accident- 
ally. Although  the  character  of  the  wound  rendered  this  story 
highly  improbable,  yet  from  the  fact  that  Parsons  had  taken  the  boy 
from  the  woods,  he  was  given  the  benefit  of  the  doubt  and  acquitted. 
Years  afterwards  while  on  a  fishing  voyage  he  confessed  the  deed 
to  some  of  the  crew,  declaring  that  he  had  carried  the  boy  on  his 
back  long  enough.  Watching  his  chance  he  attached  a  millstone  to 
his  neck  and  jumped  overboard. 

On  September  5,  1857,  on  a  peaceful  Sabbath  afternoon,  the 
people  of  East  Gloucester  were  startled  by  a  terrible  tragedy.  On 
that  date  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Davis,  wife  of  Samuel  Davis,  accompanied 
by  two  sisters  and  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Douglass,  started  for  Sayward's 
pasture  to  pick  berries.  In  a  short  time  they  were  joined  by  Mr. 
Davis  who  approached  his  wife  flourishing  a  revolver.  Mrs.  Ackley, 
one  of  the  sisters,  asked  him  what  he  intended  to  do  with  the  weapon. 
He  made  no  reply  but  immediately  fired  at  his  wife,  the  ball 
piercing  her  heart.  Despite  the  remonstrances  of  the  women  he 
fired  again,  the  second  ball  passing  through  his  wife's  arm.  She  fell 
to  the  ground  and  expired  in  a  few  moments.  He  then  walked  a 
short  distance  and  placing  the  revolver  deliberately  against  his  own 
breast  pulled  the  trigger.  He  fell  to  the  ground,  the  ball  having 
lodged  near  the  heart  and  died  in  a  few  moments.  The  unfortunate 
couple  came  from  Cutler,  Me.,  and  had  been  married  four  years. 
Davis  was  an  active,  industrious  man,  but  reports  were  that  his  wife 
had  not  conducted  herself  for  some  time  past  in  a  manner  becoming 
a  virtuous  woman.  This  fact  preyed  upon  the  man's  mind.  Upon 
returning  from  a  fishing  voyage  he  found  his  house  locked  and  his 
wife  absent  at  a  muster  in  Newburyport.  Upon  her  return  they 
quarrelled,  and  in  all  probability,  he  then  planned  the  fatal  tragedy 
which  followed. 

April  5,  1859,  Benjamin  F.  Brougham  was  assaulted  by  three  men 
and  received  injuries  from  which  he  died  two  days  later.  Brougham 
was  the  bartender  of  the  Empire  saloon  on  Beach  Street.  Between 


316  HISTORY   OF  GLOUCESTER. 

the  hours  of  five  and  six  in  the  afternoon  three  men  named  James 
Crawley,  George  Harney  and  Jesse  McCarty  came  in  and  asked  for 
drinks,  intimating  that  they  did  not  intend  to  pay  for  the  same. 
Brougham  replied  that  that  was  not  his  style  of  doing  business, 
whereupon,  so  it  is  stated,  he  was  set  upon  by  the  men,  who  jumped 
behind  the  counter,  threw  him  to  the  floor  and  furiously  assailed  him 
with  bottles.  Brougham  was  alone  when  the  parties  entered,  but 
the  noise  of  the  scuffle  attracted  the  attention  of  persons  in  an  ad- 
joining room,  who  rescued  him  from  any  further  assaults.  When 
Brougham  got  up,  bleeding  severely,  he  remarked  "  that  it  was  a 
shame  for  three  men  to  come  in  and  murder  a  man  in  this  way." 
Shortly  after  he  became  insensible  and  never  regained  conscious- 
ness. The  assaulting  parties,  including  Crawley,  who  was  generally 
believed  to  have  delivered  the  fatal  blow,  escaped  to  parts  unknown. 
Some  six  years  afterwards  he  was  reported  seen  in  the  North  End, 
Boston,  but  before  he  could  be  apprehended  had  again  disappeared 
and  the  crime  remained  unpunished.  Brougham  was  26  years  of  age, 
a  native  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  but  had  followed  fishing  from  this  port 
for  five  or  six  years.  Rev.  Mr.  Mellen,  pastor  of  the  Universalist 
church  conducted  the  services  at  the  funeral  of  the  murdered  man 
held  in  the  Gloucester  House  and  took  advantage  of  the  occasion  to 
preach  a  forceful  sermon  to  those  present  on  the  lessons  to  be  drawn 
from  the  event. 

A  sad  affair  occurred  April  22,  1867.  Thomas  Doherty  who  re- 
sided on  Friend  Street,  while  quarrelling  with  his  wife,  killed  his 
three-year  old  boy.  The  child  was  sleeping  on  a  bed  when  a  dis- 
pute arose  over  his  possession.  The  husband  endeavored  to  wrest 
the  child  from  the  wife.  The  latter  released  her  hold  and  the  babe 
was  dashed  violently  against  the  floor  and  killed.  Doherty  was  ar- 
rested, convicted  of  manslaughter  and  sentenced  to  three  years'  im- 
prisonment. 

A  cold-blooded  murder  occurred  on  the  evening  of  January  13, 
1870,  Commercial  Street  being  the  scene.  Capt.  William  Whitte- 
more,  who  commanded  a  coast-bound  craft  then  lying  in  the  harbor, 
accompanied  by  John  C.  Goodwin,  were  wending  their  way  toward 
Fort  Wharf,  when  they  were  accosted  by  George  Hibbert,  locally 
known  as  "the  Hopper,"  Alfred  Shaw  and  John  McDonough.  They 
immediately  attacked  the  two  men.  Goodwin  made  his  escape,  but 
Capt.  Whittemore  fell  from  a  murderous  wound  in  the  head,  the 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  317 

knife  penetrating  the  skull  and  which  was  always  supposed  to  have 
been  inflicted  by  Shaw.  The  victim  of  the  assault  lingered  on 
unconsciously  until  his  death,  January  18,  being  under  the  care  of 
one  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Capt.  Peter  Sinclair,  of  which  body  he 
was  a  member.  He  was  38  years  old,  a  native  of  Deer  Isle,  Me., 
where  he  left  a  widow  and  four  children. 

This  gang  then  proceeded  to  the  liquor  saloon  of  Peter  McEachran 
on  Front  Street,  where  their  request  for  liquor  was  refused.  At 
this  Shaw  inflicted  a  dangerous  knife  wound  in  the  abdomen  of 
McEachran.  It  is  supposed  that  money  was  the  motive  which 
prompted  the  murder.  Hibbard  and  Shaw  were  arrested  and  brought 
to  trial,  but  through  a  defect  in  drawing  up  the  indictment,  were 
discharged  from  custody. 

August  4,  1875,  the  saloon  of  Adam  Head,  East  Gloucester,  was 
the  scene  of  a  tragedy.  John  Halley  and  Charles  M.  Ramsdell,  two 
fishermen  who  had  previously  had  a  dispute,  became  involved  in  an 
altercation.  Halley,  who  was  the  aggressor,  sjtruck  Ramsdell  over 
the  mouth,  whereupon  .the  latter  inflicted  a  gash  with  a  jackknife, 
severing  the  throat  of  Halley  from  ear  to  ear.  Ramsdell  fled  but  was 
captured.  He  was  convicted  of  manslaughter  and  imprisoned  two 
years.  He  was  24  years  old  and  belonged  in  Wells,  Me.  Halley 
left  a  wife  and  ten  children. 

April  u,  1877,  the  body  of  Charles  H.  Oilman*  of  Lowell,  was 
found  murdered  in  a  reservior  near  the  railroad  station  at  Rockport. 
He  was  the  agent  for  a  sewing  machine  attachment,  and  was  accom- 
panied by  a  young  man  named  Albert  Joy.  Circumstances  pointed 
strongly  toward  the  latter  as  the  perpetrator  of  the  deed.  A  stout 
stick  was  found  near  the  scene  freshly  cut  from  a  growth  of  wood. 
It  was  supposed  that  Oilman  was  in  the  act  of  leaning  over  to  drink 
when  the  fatal  blows  were  inflicted.  Joy  was  adjudged  guilty,  and 
sentenced  to  be  hanged,  which  was  modified  to  imprisonment  for 
life. 

September  i,  1881,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Jeffs  shot  her  husband,  James 
F  Jeffs,  inflicting  a  fatal  wound.  The  affair  was  the  culmination  of 
domestic  trouble.  She  was  35,  he  65.  They,  with  four  children,  lived 
in  a  one-story  house  at  3  Roberts  Court,  West  Gloucester.  Mrs. 
Jeffs  returned  home  from  a  neighbor's  and  found  the  house  locked. 
She  sent  her  little  eight-year-old  daughter  through  the  cellar-way  to 
unfasten  the  door  in  order  to  gain  admittance.  On  getting  inside 


318  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

she  found  her  husband  in  the  pantry.  According  to  her  story  he 
was  brandishing  a  knife,  threatening  to  kill  her.  At  this  she  pro- 
ceeded to  a  drawer,  produced  a  revolver,  which  she  had  bought  a 
short  time  before,  and  fired  with  fatal  effect.  The  man  staggered 
outside  the  door  some  two  feet,  fell  amid  some  vines  and  expired. 
At  the  trial  it  was  proven  that  the  knife  that  she  claimed  was 
brandished  was  nothing  but  a  dull,  short  implement  used  for  splitting 
mackerel  or  shocking  clams.  The  woman  claimed  that  she  had 
suffered  much  neglect  and  abuse  from  her  husband  and  had  been 
compelled  to  support  her  family  by  picking  berries  and  otherwise. 
Both  were  natives  of  Gloucester,  the  man  having  served  in  the  army 
during  the  Civil  War.  Mrs.  Jeff's  maiden  name  was  Chandler. 
She  was  convicted  of  manslaughter  and  sentenced  to  two  years  of 
imprisonment. 

July  15,  1884,  Michael  Lawless,  overseer  of  the  Gloucester  Water 
Co.,  then  constructing  trenches  throughout  the  town,  assaulted  and 
killed  John  Duffy.  The  affair  happened  at  the  foot  of  Common- 
wealth Avenue  on  Washington  Street.  Duffy  was  a  laborer  in  the 
trenches,  and  as  the  evidence  showed,  asked  Lawless  for  his  "time" 
in  a  somewhat  aggravating  manner.  Words  followed,  and  Lawless 
springing  upon  the  man  rained  a  shower  of  blows  and  jumped  upon 
his  body,  until  he  was  compelled  to  desist  by  the  laborers.  The 
man  was  carried  into  a  yard  near  by  and  shortly  after  expired.  Law- 
less was  tried  and  convicted  of  manslaughter,  but  owing  to  the 
aggravating  circumstances  of  the  case,  received  but  three  months' 
imprisonment. 

April  26,  1887,  the  body  of  Thomas  A.  Lomasney,  a  book  agent 
was  found  in  the  dock  at  the  wharf  of  Cunningham  &  Thompson, 
Commercial  Street,  under  circumstances  which  indicated  foul  play.  It 
was  proven  that  the  unfortunate  man  had  been  seen  in  the  company 
of  Smith  and  another  fisherman  in  various  saloons  the  evening  pre- 
vious and  had  been  observed  near  the  place  where  the  body  was 
found.  About  a  week  afterwards,  Lomasney's  watch  was  found 
hidden  under  a  barn  at  Vincent's  Point,  near  the  wharf  where 
the  vessel  in  which  Smith  sailed  was  laying.  Smith  was  tried,  found 
guilty  of  murder  in  the  second  degree  and  sentenced  to  imprison- 
ment for  life,  which  term  he  is  now  serving.  He  was  always  con- 
sidered a  hard  character.  Lomasney  came  from  Lawrence  and  had 
always  borne  a  good  reputation. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  319 


CHAPTER    XVI. 

Miscellaneous. 

OLD  HOUSES.  CUSTOM  HOUSE  AND  POST  OFFICE.  WATER  WORKS. 
NEWSPAPERS.  BANKS.  GLOUCESTER  LYCEUM  AND  SAWYER  FREE 
LIBRARY.  HUNTRESS  AND  GILBERT  HOMES.  SECRET  SOCIETIES. 

THE  oldest  house  on  Cape  Ann  is  undoubtedly  that  built  by 
Thomas  Riggs,  the  first  schoolmaster  and  town  clerk.  He  settled 
here  in  1658  and  had  a  grant  of  land  at  Goose  Cove.  In  1661  he 
bought  houses  and  land  of  Matthew  Coe  and  Thomas  and  John  Wak- 
ley.  He  chose  a  spot  for  his  residence  commanding  a  magnificent 
view.  That  portion  in  the  foreground  of  the  picture  has  always  been 
pointed  out  as  the  house  erected  by  him.  It  is  constructed  of  pine 
logs,  about  lox  12  inches,  squared  with  a  broad  axe.  The  structure 
is  a  perfect  type  of  those  erected  by  the  first  settlers,  comprising 
one  small  room  and  an  attic.  The  gambrel-roofed  portion  was 
erected  by  his  grandson,  George  Riggs.  In  its  outward  and  inward 
appearance,  the  house  is  of  much  interest  to  the  antiquarian.  It  is 
reached  by  a  road  on  the  left  approaching  the  Willows.  At  present 
it  is  occupied  by  Mr.  Joseph  Brown,  whose  wife  is  a  descendant  of 
the  builder. 

The  Freeman  House,  at  West  Gloucester,  or  a  portion  of  it  was 
erected  before  1700,  and  was  used  as  a  tavern  for  many  years.  It  is 
now  occupied  by  Charles  Freeman,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the 
slaves  held  here  in  the  eighteenth  century,  who  achieved  his  freedom 
and  at  the  same  time  his  family  name. 

The  Babson  house  at  Pigeon  Cove,  said  to  have  been  erected  in 
1698,  when  three  of  the  name  fled  from  Salem  to  this  locality  and 
erected  the  house  to  hide  their  mother,  who  was  accused  of  being  a 
witch,  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation. 

The  Ellery  house  at  Riverdale,  erected  between  1704  and  1710,  by 
the  Rev.  John  White,  the  most  historic  on  the  Cape,  came  into 
possession  of  the  family  of  that  name,  a  descendant  of  which  was  a 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  was  at  one  time  a 


320 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


noted  tavern.  The  Babson  house,  directly  opposite,  was  erected  by 
Joseph  Allen  about  1740  and  came  into  possession  of  the  Babson 
family  by  marriage.  It  is  a  fine  type  of  the  gambrel-roofed  style  and 
in  excellent  preservation. 

The  Dennison  house  at  Bay  View  erected  in  1727,  the  Byles 
house  at  West  Gloucester,  and  several  others  of  early  date  still 
remain. 

The  Parsons  house,  more  familiarly  known  as  the  Morse  house,  on 


OLD  RIGGS  HOUSE,  ANNISQUAM.     BUILT  ABOUT  1660. 

Western  Avenue  near  the  foot  of  Parson's  Hill,  was  built  about  1713 
by  Samuel  Parsons,  a  grandson  of  Jeffrey,  the  early  settler,  the 
timbers  being  cut  near  by.  It  has  always  remained  in  possession  of 
his  descendants,  the  present  occupant,  Isaac  Parsons  Morse,  being 
the  great  great  grandson  of  the  builder,  his  wife  being  a  descendant 
of  Samuel,  on  her  mother's  side.  Their  son,  George  H.  Morse  and 
grandson  Charles  Parsons  Morse  are  the  sixth  and  seventh  genera- 
tions that  have  lived  in  the  house. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  321 

CUSTOM  HOUSE. 

Gloucester  early  achieved  importance,  and  in  1683  was  made 
a  lawful  port  of  the  colony,  attached  to  the  Salem  district.  In  1725, 
the  craft  "Snow  Esther"  was  seized  here  for  smuggling  operations. 
In  1768,  Samuel  Fellows,  an  officer  of  the  customs,  residing  with 
Jesse  Saville,  drew  down  upon  his  head  the  wrath  of  the  populace 
and  a  mob  of  about  85  persons,  headed  by  prominent  citizens,  pro- 
ceeded to  Saville's  house,  which  they  searched  thoroughly  for  the 
offending  official,  expressing  a  determination  to  deal  violently  with 
him  if  found.  Fortunately  he  escaped.  Saville  was  knocked  down 
and  his  family  otherwise  ill-treated  by  the  mob.  Despite  this  sum- 
mary notice  of  future  consequences,  Saville  accepted  the  position  of 
customs  official  and  so  interfered  with  the  operations  of  the  smug- 
gling merchants  and  their  sympathizers  that  their  animosity  was 
directed  against  him  and  on  March  23,  1770,  another  mob,  disguised 
as  Indians  and  negroes  proceeded  to  his  house,  pulled  him  from  bed, 
dragging  him  in  a  most  brutal  and  shocking  manner  to  the  harbor, 
a  distance  of  four  miles,  where  he  was  very  roughly  handled.  Sev- 
eral persons  were  fined  and  imprisoned  for  the  first  offence,  but 
political  excitement  had  reached  such  a  stage  that  it  was  most  diffi- 
cult to  get  any  evidence  to  secure  the  conviction  of  the  perpetrators 
of  this  deed.  A  negro  was  the  only  person  tried  for  complicity  in 
the  affair.  He  was  made  a  scape-goat  and  in  March,  1772,  was  pub- 
licly whipped  in  Salem,  having  been  previously  stationed  on  the 
gallows,  with  a  halter  aronnd  his  neck.  The  black,  unintimidated  by 
this  threatening  test,  refused  to  divulge  the  names  of  the  guilty 
parties. 

An  amusing  incident  of  how  one  of  these  smuggling  merchants 
outwitted  a  custom  officer  is  told.  A  schooner  owned  by  Joseph 
Foster  arrived  during  the  night  from  a  foreign  port,  and  no  time  was 
lost  in  landing  and  disposing  of  the  cargo,  a  large  amount  of  goods 
being  taken  ashore  before  dawn.  A  tide-waiter  from  Salem  was 
expected  early  in  the  morning  and  his  coming  involved  serious  con- 
sequences for  Foster.  At  the  cut  was  a  small  quarantine  station 
where  in  time  of  small-pox  alarm,  an  athletic  Irishman  named  John 
McKean  was  employed  to  stop  all  strangers  and  subject  them  to  a 
disinfecting  process.  Col.  Foster  racked  his  brain  to  circumvent 
the  customs  official,  the  result  being  that  McKean  met  the  tide-waiter 
at  the  bridge  and  subjected  him  to  a  thorough  fumigation,  which 


322  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

lasted  until  nightfall,  when  he  was  released.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  he  found  nothing  dutiable  on  his  tour  of  inspection  the  next 
morning. 

Whether  the  rough  experience  of  Mr.  Saville  deterred  others  from 
holding  this  unpopular  office  during  the  years  immediately  preceding 
the  Revolution,  is  not  known.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  there  was 
no  cessation  up  to  the  opening  of  the  Revolution  of  the  extensive 
smuggling  operations,  characteristic  of  this  period.  In  1771,  Rich- 
ard Sylvester  was  appointed  "land-waiter,  weigher  and  gauger."  At 
that  time  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  brought  upon  him  the 
full  force  of  the  popular  odium.  In  order  to  prevent  any  personal 
injury,  the  selectmen  in  September,  1772,  ordered  Sylvester  to  leave 
town  with  his  family,  but  he  paid  no  attention  to  this  request  beyond 
publishing  a  sarcastic  card  in  the  Boston  News  Letter,  in  which  he 
"prays  leave  to  acquaint  these  worthies  that  he  cannot  nor  will  not 
comply  with  this  request." 

In  1778,  the  General  Court  passed  an  act  which  provided  that  in 
several  Massachusetts  sea  ports,  including  Gloucester,  there  should 
be  established  a  naval  office,  the  official  appointed  to  attend  to  gen- 
eral custom-house  work,  with  an  established  list  of  fees.  Samuel 
Whittemore  received  the  first  assignment  in  November  of  that  year, 
and  held  the  office  until  1789,  with  the  exception  of  a  portion  of  the 
year  1782,  when  Solomon  Gorham  filled  the  position. 

In  1789  the  United  States  established  a  custom  house  here.  At 
that  time  there  was  over  7,000  tons  of  shipping  enrolled  in  the 
district,  engaged  in  commerce  and  the  fisheries.  From  1795  to  1810 
there  were  eight  ships  and  25  brigs  owned  and  fitted  at  this  port. 
Epes  Sargent  was  first  appointed  to  the  office  in  1789,  and  his 
successors  have  been:  William  Tuck,  1796  ;  John  Gibaut,  a  promi- 
ment  merchant,  who  is  buried  in  the  old  Bridge  Street  grounds, 
1802;  John  Kittredge,  1805;  William  Pearce,  Jr.,  1822;  William 
Beach,  1828;  George  D.'  Hale,  1838;  George  W.  Pearce,  1841; 
Eben  H.  Stacy,  1843;  Eli  F.  Stacy,  1844;  John  L.  Rogers,  1848; 
Frederick  G.  Low,  1850;  William  H.  Manning,  1853  ;  Gorham  Bab- 
son,  1858;  John  S.  Webber,  1861  ;  William  A.  Pew,  1865;  Fitz  J. 
Babson,  1869;  David  S.  Presson,  1885  ;  William  A.  Pew,  the  present 
incumbent,  in  1890. 

The  office  of  the  collector  was  established  in  various  private  build- 
ings until  1854,  when  $40,000  for  the  building  of  a  custom  house 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 


323 


and  post  office  was  obtained  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  the  late 
Moses  Tarr,  who  went  to  Washington  and  succeeded  in  getting  an 
appropriation  for  the  purpose  voted.  At  that  time  Timothy  Davis, 
a  merchant  of  Gloucester,  was  representative  in  Congress  from  this 
district.  He  served  two  terms  and  was  the  only  native  ever  elected 

to  the  position. 

POST  OFFICE. 

The  Gloucester  post  office  was  established  in  1792,  the  first  post- 
master being  Henry  Phelps,  who  kept  an  apothecary  shop  and  was 
also  acting  magistrate  of  the  town,  his  place  of  business  being  on 


THE    OLD    POST    OFFICE. 


Front  Street.  Previous  to  this  the  mails  were  received  semi-weekly 
at  Haskell's  Tavern  on  Middle  Street.  Mr.  Phelps'  successors 
were  Capt.  Isaac  Elwell,  appointed  March  3,  1809;  William  Stevens, 
1820;  Leonard  J.  Presson,  appointed  November  22,  1834;  Gorham 
Parsons,  appointed  February  20,  1839  5  T.  Sewall  Lancaster,  January 
22,  1849;  Jonn  W.  Wonson,  June  14,  1858;  William  H.  Haskell, 
May,  1 86 1  ;  Charles  E.  Grover,  1867;  Mayor  D.  W.  Low,  1873; 
Charles  C.  Cressy,  1886;  James  H.  Mansfield,  the  present  incum- 
bent in  1890. 

Until  the  construction  of  the  present  government  building  the 
offices  were  generally  established  in  the  place  of  business  of  the 
appointee.  The  illustration  gives  the  oldest  existing  building  used 


324  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

for  that  purpose,  when  Mr.  Parsons  was  postmaster,  which  stood  on 
the  spot  now  occupied  by  his  sons  and  successors  in  business,  W. 
Frank  Parsons  and  Brother,  on  Main  street. 

WATER     WORKS. 

The  water  question  first  came  up  in  a  definite  form  in  February, 
1880,  when  George  S.  Norman,  Esq.,  a  capitalist  of  Newport,  made 
a  proposition  to  the  citizens  to  construct  a  system  of  water  works, 
and  provide  not  less  than  150  hydrants,  at  an  annual  rental  to  the 
city  of  $8,000,  and  an  amount  equal  to  the  tax  which  might  be 
assessed  on  the  plant  when  constructed.  At  a  citizens'  meeting 
called  to  consider  the  matter,  it  was  voted  153  to  67  to  petition  the 
legislature  to  suspend  the  rules  and  allow  the  admission  of  a  bill 
to  enable  the  city  to  obtain  a  supply  of  water,  and  also  to  request  the 
city  council  to  appoint  a  committee  to  consider  the  question  and 
report  upon  the  sources  of  supply.  April  17,  the  Governor  signed  a 
bill,  authorizing  the  city  to  take  land,  etc.,  construct  a  system  of 
water  works  and  issue  bonds  to  an  amount  not  to  exceed  $300,000 
for  the  purpose.  All  this  had  been  accomplished  within  two  months 
of  the  time  when  the  matter  was  first  mentioned. 

In  the  meantime,  the  committee  on  water  caused  surveys  to  be 
made.  Anticipating  that  the  city  would  not  construct  the  works 
they  recommended  that  at  the  meeting,  called  to  pass  upon  the  adop- 
tion or  rejection  of  the  act  of  the  legislature,  Mr.  Norman's  proposi- 
tion be  also  submitted  to  the  popular  vote.  At  the  same  time  that 
gentleman  modified  his  original  proposition,  agreeing  to  extend  the 
system  to  Lanesville,  and  establish  170  hydrants,  for  $8,500,  and 
exemption  of  taxation.  At  a  meeting  held  October  12,  1880,  the  act 
was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  567  nays  to  89  yeas,  and  at  the  succeeding 
city  election  it  was  voted,  850  to  714  to  accept  the  last  proposition  of 
Mr.  Norman.  Accordingly,  the  Gloucester  Water  Supply  Company 
was  incorporated  March  31,  1881,  with  the  power  to  construct  a 
system  of  water  works,  the  city  to  have  the  privilege  at  any  time  to 
purchase  the  works.  The  company  again  submitted  a  proposition  to 
the  city,  similar  to  Mr.  Norman's,  except  the  contract  was  to  run  for 
25  years.  The  committee  appointed  by  the  city  government  drew 
up  a  contract  which  the  company  declined  to  accept.  Finally,  the 
water  company  decided  to  begin  operations  independently  of  muni- 
cipal action.  The  work  of  construction  was  commenced  in  1884, 
vigorously  pushed,  and  in  the  fall  of  1885  was  completed. 


HIS  TORY  OF  GLO  UCES  TER.  325 

There  are  few  places  in  New  England  more  fortunately  situated 
as  regards  a  water  supply  than  Gloucester.  The  principal  sources 
of  storage  are  at  Dike's  Meadow  and  Wallace  Pond,  West  Glouces- 
ter, the  former  comprising  85  acres  of  water,  of  an  average  depth 
of  23  to  28  feet  and  a  water-shed  of  408,  and  the  latter  45  acres,  with  a 
water-shed  of  178.  Nature  intended  both  places  for  lakes,  but  man 
has  completed  the  work  by  the  erection  of  dams.  The  water-shed 
for  miles  around  is  owned  by  the  company.  There  are  no  buildings 
on  the  area  and  pollution  is  impossible  Both  are  shaded  by  the 
forest  primeval  and  furnish  an  inexhaustible  source  of  pure  water. 
In  the  remote  contingency  of  an  accident  to  one,  the  supply  of  the 
other  is  instantly  available.  The  Wallace  Pond  is  fed  by  never-fail- 
ing springs.  Over  three  million  gallons  have  been  pumped  from 
this  lake  in  one  day  and,  in  pumping  two  days  afterwards,  it  has  been 
conclusively  shown  that  there  was  no  dimunition  in  the  supply. 
By  a  continuation  of  the  dams,  the  storage  can  be  easily  quadrupled. 
The  surface  of  these  basins  consist  of  hard  and  rocky  gravel. 

The  pumping  station  is  situated  at  West  Gloucester  and  is  fur- 
nished with  two  powerful  duplex  Knowles  pumps,  which  can  be 
used  combined  or  singly  in  case  of  accident.  These  are  capable  of 
throwing  5,000,000  gallons  per  day  into  the  reservoir. 

This  reservoir  is  situated  on  Bond's  Hill,  190  feet  above  the  sea 
level  and  has  a  capacity  of  5,000,000  gallons,  which  can  be  readily 
increased. 

The  main  trunk  is  18  inches  in  diameter  and  the  sizes  of  the  pipes 
vary  from  that  to  16,  14,  12,  10,  eight  and  six  inches,  as  the  needs  of 
various  localities  require,  furnishing  an  ample  amount  for  all  occa- 
sions. 

The  piping  is  sheet  iron,  cement  lined  inside  and  out,  conducive  to 
purity  and  preventing  the  growth  of  fungus  or  rusting  of  the  interior 
Over  30  miles  of  streets  are  covered,  and  at  present  there  are  2,500 
takers.  Numerous  gates  are  established  for  shut-offs  and  the 
hydrants  which  protect  the  city  in  case  of  fire  are  connected  with 
six-inch  branches.  In  reality  the  system  is  a  dual  one,  the  Magnolia 
extension  being  so  connected  with  the  pumping  main  as  to  be  prac- 
tically independent.  The  company  intend  to  be  further  protected 
against  accident  by  providing  apparatus  with  which  they  can  pump 
directly  into  the  mains  should  necessity  require. 


326  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

At  present,  the  daily  consumption  is  2,000,000  gallons,  but  with  a 
sewerage  system  the  amount  bids  fair  to  be  greatly  increased.  The 
piping  extends  through  the  principal  streets  of  the  town,  nearly  as 
far  as  the  Green  on  Washington  Street.  In  the  near  future  it  will 
undoubtedly  be  continued  to  Lanesville.  The  extension  to  Magno- 
lia Point  and  Fresh  Water  Cove  was  accomplished  a  few  years 
ago.  The  city  first  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  company  in 
1887,  for  forty  hydrants.  The  number  has  been  gradually  increased, 
the  present  number  being  180. 

The  system  has  been  wisely  planned  under  the  direction  of  the 
company's  superintendent,  G.  Norman  Weaver,  Esq. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The  first  newspaper  in  town  was  the  Gloucester  Telegraph, 
issued  on  the  first  of  January,  1827.  It  was  published  weekly  until 
1834,  then  semi-weekly  until  1873,  when  it  again  changed  to  weekly, 
and  so  continued  until  it  went  out  of  existence  in  October,  1876. 

The  Gloucester  Democrat  was  a  semi-weekly,  first  published  in 
1834,  and  merged  into  the  Salem  Advertiser  in  February,  1838. 

The  Cape  Ann  Light  was  begun  as  a  weekly  edition  of  the  Glou- 
cester Telegraph  in  1843  and  discontinued  in  1873. 

The  Gloucester  News,  also  a  semi-weekly,  was  first  issued  in  1848 
and  in  1851  was  merged  into  the  Gloucester  Telegraph. 

The  Cape  Ann  Advertiser  was  first  a  monthly,  as  the  Gloucester 
Advertiser  from  185610  1857,  then  semi-monthly  to  the  fifth  of 
December  the  same  year,  when  it  took  its  present  name  and  was 
published  every  two  weeks  until  November,  1858,  since  which  time 
it  has  been  issued  weekly. 

The  Gloucester  Bulletin  was  a  weekly  paper  from  November,  1877 
to  the  30th  of  April,  1888. 

The  Gloucester  News,  daily,  published  its  first  number  the  28th 
of  June,  1884,  and  its  last  on  the  fourth  of  February,  1886. 

The  Cape  Ann  Breeze,  daily,  was  first  issued  on  the  2Qth  of 
August,  1884. 

The  Gloucester  Daily   Times    commenced  publication    June    16, 

1888. 

BANKS. 

The  Gloucester  Bank  established  in  1796  was  the  first  institution 
of  the  kind  in  town,  and  in  1856  was  followed  by  the  Cape  Ann 
Bank,  organized  under  the  old  state  law.  They  were  re-organized 
in  1865,  under  the  national  banking  system. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  327 

The  First  National  Bank  came  into  existence  in  1864.  In  1875,  t^6 
City  National  Bank  was  formed.  All  these  institutions  have  been 
characterized  by  safe  and  conservative  management  and  rank  high  in 
financial  circles.  The  Cape  Ann  Savings  Bank,  standing  among  the 
very  first  in  the  state,  was  organized  in  1846.  The  cashiers  are  as 
follows:  Gloucester,  William  Babson ;  Cape  Ann,  Hiram  Rich; 
First  National,  George  R.  Bradford;  City  National,  William  A.  Pew. 
Gloucester  Co-operative  Bank  was  formed  in  1887,  and  the  Glouces- 
ter Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co.  in  1891. 

GLOUCESTER  LYCEUM  AND    SAWYER  FREE  LIBRARY. 

The  Gloucester  Lyceum  was  formed  February  2,  1830,  and  in 
1850  a  library  was  started  in  connection.  It  had  a  precarious  exist- 
ence until  1871,  when  Samuel  E.  Sawyer  gave  the  institution  $10,- 
ooo  and  the  name  of  the  Sawyer  Free  Library  was  attached  to  the 
institution.  On  February  i,  1884,  Mr.  Sawyer  purchased  the  estate 
on  the  corner  of  Middle  Street  and  Dale  Avenue  for  $20,000  and 
deeded  it  to  trustees  as  a  perpetual  gift  to  the  citizens  for  a  library 
home  accompanied  by  an  endowment  gift  of  $20,000  additional. 
At  his  death  he  bequeathed  the  institution  $100,000  more,  but  at 
present  his  will  is  being  contested. 

The  purpose  of  the  Lyceum  was  for  the  holding  of  courses  of 
lectures.  The  finest  talent  of  the  country  has  appeared  before  it  in 
this  connection  among  them  being  the  two  Everetts,  Choate,  Sum- 
ner,  Rantoul,  Winthrop,  Colfax,  Greeley,  Emerson,  Parker,  Curtis, 
Phillips,  Bayard  Taylor,  Dr.  Holland,  Chapin,  Starr  King,  Hillard, 
Thoreau,  Beecher,  Giles,  Gough,  Dr.  Hayes,  the  Arctic  explorer, 
Burlingame,  Holmes,  Alger,  Whipple,  Vanderhoff,  Bancroft,  Dana 
and  others.  After  presenting  38  annual  courses  it  was  discontinued 
in  1869. 

HUNTRESS  AND  GILBERT  HOMES. 

The  city  is  fortunate  in  the  possession  of  two  homes  for  the  de- 
pendent aged.  The  Huntress  Home  on  Prospect  Street  was  pur- 
chased in  1887,  for  $12,000.  It  was  erected  a  few  years  before  as  a 
private  residence  and  was  considered  the  finest  of  the  kind  in  the 
city.  Its  cost  was  $30,000.  It  was  purchased  by  money  bequeathed 
for  the  purpose  by  Joseph  Huntress,  a  native  of  Gloucester, 
who  resided  in  Boston.  Inmates  are  restricted  to  old  ladies,  natives 
of  the  town. 


328  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  Gilbert  Home  on  Western  Avenue,  the  picture  of  which 
appears  in  the  old  houses,  is  one  of  the  old  ante  Revolutionary  struc- 
tures, built  by  a  member  of  the  Ellery  family.  Its  owner,  Addison 
Gilbert,  at  his  death  bequeathed  the  edifice,  which  had  been  his  resi- 
dence, as  a  home  for  the  worthy  aged  of  both  sexes. 

SECRET  SOCIETIES. 

Free  Masonry  on  the  Cape  has  an  ancient  and  honorable  history. 
There  were,  no  doubt,  a  number  of  the  craft  residents  of  the  town 


D.    O.    FROST,    Master  of  Tyrian  Lodge. 

before  the  first  lodge  was  organized,   but  no  attempt  was  made  to 
secure  a  charter  until  1770,  when  March  2,  one  was  granted.     Fol- 
lowing is  the  opening  portion  of  the  historic  document. 
"To  all  the  Fraternity  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  to  whom  these 

presents  may  come : 

Joseph  Warren,  Esq.,  Grand  Master  in  Boston,  New  England,  and 
within  100  miles  circumjacent  of  the  same,  by  patent  from  George, 
Earl  of  Dalhousie,  Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  Scotland,  duly  author- 
ized and  appointed  and  in  ample  form  installed,  sends  greeting." 

The   document  then    goes   on   to  state  that  Philip  Maret,  John 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  329 

Fletcher,  Andrew  Gidding,  George  Brown,  David  Parker,  Barnett 
Harkin  and  Epes  Sargent,  Jr.,  all  Ancient  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons,  resident  in  Gloucester,  New  England,  desire  to  be  erected 
a  regular  and  duly  constituted  lodge,  under  the  name  of  Tyrian 
Lodge.  The  charter  is  signed  by  Joseph  Warren,  G'd  Master ; 
Joseph  Webb,  D'y  G'd  M. ;  Moses  Deshon,  S.  G.  W. ;  Ezra  Collins, 
J.  G.  W. ;  Paul  Revere,  S.  G.  D.  ;  Samuel  Danforth,  J.  G.  D.  The 
charter  was  duly  indorsed  under  the  signatures  of  the  Massachusetts 
Grand  Lodge.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  Widow 
Sargent,  and  the  lodge  was  organized  by  choice  of  the  following : 
W.  M.,  Barnett  Harkin;  S.  W.,  George  Brown;  J.  W.,  John 
Fletcher ;  secretary,  Epes  Sargent,  Jr.  Barnett  Harkin,  the  first 
master,  was  the  village  schoolmaster,  and  Epes  Sargent,  Jr.,  the 
secretary,  was  a  member  of  a  prominent  family,  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1776,  and  the  first  collector  of  the  port  under  the  national 
government.  March  17,  1770,  Capt.  Cornelius  Fellows  and  Phile- 
mon Stacy  were  proposed  as  entered  apprentices,  and  on  March  25, 
it  is  recorded,  that  each  paid  48  shillings  for  his  making.  They 
were  the  first  persons  who  received  the  degrees  in  masonry  in 
Tyrian  Lodge.  The  records  show  that  on  January  2,  1781,  Brother 
Stephen  Bruce  was  directed  as  proxy  for  Tyrian  Lodge,  to  vote  in 
the  Grand  Lodge  for  Gen.  Washington,  as  Grand  Master  General  of 
the  United  States,  and  Thursday,  December  11,  1800,  it  was  voted 
"that  the  lodge  wear  a  badge  of  mourning  on  Sunday,  the  I4th  inst., 
in  remembrance  of  our  late  Worthy  Grand  Master,  George  Washing- 
ton." Among  the  many  antiquities  in  possession  of  the  lodge  are  a 
set  of  jewels,  a  square,  level  and  plumb,  of  solid  silver,  manufactured 
for  the  lodge  by  Paul  Revere.  His  initials  are  stamped  in  the 
silver,  and  the  lodge  still  has  the  bills  of  the  patriot  artisan  for  the 
same.  March  2,  1870,  the  lodge  celebrated  its  centennial  anniver- 
sary in  a  befitting  manner,  Hon.  I.  A.  S.  Steele,  being  master  at  the 
time  and  also  at  the  i2Oth  anniversary.  The  lodge  officers  for  the 
year  1892  are  as  follows  :  W.  M.,  David  O.  Frost ;  S.  W.,  Joseph 
H.  Rowe ;  Treas.,  Sargent  S.  Day ;  Sec.,  Herbert  C.  Taft ;  Chap., 
W.  Frank  Parsons ;  Marshal,  W.  W.  Cook ;  S.  D.,  James  C.  Rich- 
ardson ;  J.  D.,  C.  H.  M.  Hazel ;  S.  S.,  John  J.  Kevany ;  J.  S.,  Edgar 
Marchant  ;  I.  S.,  Francis  Clark  ;  Tyler,  Solomon  Sargent.  The 
masters  since  1874  have  been  as  follows:  1874-75,  John  Corliss; 
1876-77,  James  Clark;  1878-79,  Charles  H.  Boynton ;  1880-81, 


330  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

William  Babson  ;  1882,  I.  A.  S.  Steele  ;  1883-84,  Leonard).  Pres- 
son;  1885-86-87,  E.  Archer  Bradley;  1888-89,  Herbert  C.  Taft ; 
1890,  I.  A.  S.  Steele;  1891-92,  D.  O.  Frost. 

William  Person  Royal  Arch  Chapter  was  constituted  in  November 
1871.  Following  are  the  officers  for  1892  ;  M.  E.  H.  P.,  H.  C.  Taft; 
ex-King,  W.  E.  Parsons  ;  ex-Scribe,  W.  A.  Romans,  Jr.;  Treas.,  S. 
S.  Day  ;  Sec.,  C.  R.  Hanson  ;  Chap.,  R.  R.  Fears  ;  Prin.  Soj.,  W. 
M.  Gaffney ;  Capt.  of  Hosts,  C.  F.  Wonson  ;  R.  A.  Capt,  G.  H. 
Morton  ;  M.  of  3d  vail,  C.  J.  Gray ;  M.  of  2d  vail,  Edgar  Marchant ; 
M.  of  ist  vail,  Henry  P.  Dennen  ;  S.  S.,  F.  H.  Lane  ;  J.  S.,  Loring 
B.  Nauss  ;  Tyler,  Solomon  Sargent. 

Bethlehem  Commandery,  Knights  Templars,  was  instituted  Octo- 
ber 29,  1890  and  chartered  June  11,  1891.  Following  are  the  offi- 
cers for  1892  :  Em.  Com.,  Em.  Sir.  Edgar  S.  Taft;  Generalissimo, 
Sir  E.  Archer  Bradley  ;  Cap.  Gen.,  Sir  D.  S.  Presson ;  Prelate,  Rev. 
Sir  W.  H.  Rider;  S.  W.,  Sir  Howard  F.  Ingersoll ;  J.  W.,  Sir 
Charles  H.  Cleaves ;  Treas.,  Sir  S.  S.  Day;  Rec.,  Sir  A.  Center, 
(deceased);  S.  B.,  Sir  G.  A.  Davis  ;  Sword  Bearer,  Sir  John  Lloyd  ; 
Warden,  Sir  W.  E.  Parsons ;  3d  G.,  Sir  S.  B.  Trask  ;  2d  G.,  Sir  J. 
L.  Curtis  ;  ist  G.,  Sir  Benjamin  Frazier;  S.,  Sir  E.  Marchant. 

Acacia  Lodge  of  Masons  was  instituted  August  3,  1865. 

Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  91,  was  instituted  September  10, 
1845.  Following  are  the  officers  for  1892:  N.  G.,  Charles  D.  Brown; 
V.  G.,  Frank  Robinson ;  R.  S.,  George  H.  Morse  ;  P.  S.,  Andrew  M. 
Collins;  Treas.,  Fred  T.  Hall;  R.  S.  N.  G.,  Ernest  L.  Blatchford  ; 
L.  S.  N.  G.,  Edward  J.  Livingstone;  L.  S.  V.  G.,  Levi  A.  Robin- 
son ;  R.  S.  V.  G.,  Charles  C.  Canning ;  Con.,  Frank  C.  Davis  ;  W., 
James  E.  Tolman  ;  L.  S.  S.,  George  E.  McDonald  ;  R.  S.  S.,  Frank 
T.  Webber;  I.  C.,  John  Gilpin  ;  O.  G.,  Isaac  P.  Morse. 

Cape  Ann  Encampment,  33,  was  instituted  November  8,  1866. 

Constantine  Lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias  and  Wingaersheek  Tribe 
of  Red  Men,  are  also  prominent  in  the  fraternal  circles. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  331 


Business   Men  of  Today. 

Comprehensive    Review  of  Leading  Industries  and  Firms  Engaged 
in  Commercial  Enterprises. 

The  following  list  comprises  the  representative  men  of  today,  who,  individually 
and  collectively,  are  at  the  front  in  their  respective  lines  and  who  contribute  much  toward 
the  prosperity  of  the  city  in  this  the  25Oth  year  of  incorporation. 

An  important  matter  in  the  fishing  business  is  an  ample  supply  of  ice,  used  for  the 
preservation  of  fresh  fish.  It  is  estimated  that  over  40,000  tons  are  used  annually  for 
the  purpose.  The  leading  merchant  in  this  business  is  FRANCIS  W.  HOMANS,  of  the  Fern- 
wood  Lake  Ice  Co.  Mr.  Homans  was  born  in  Beverly,  December  19,  1833,  and  when  a 
young  man  entered  the  employ  of  George  H.  Rogers,  one  of  Gloucester's  most  promi- 
nent business  men  of  some  40  years  ago,  being  employed  as  clerk.  At  Mr.  Rogers' 
death,  Mr.  Homans  embarked  in  the  West  Indian  exporting  trade,  the  outward  cargoes 
generally  comprising  fish,  the  return,  molasses,  etc.  In  1876  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  ice  supply,  the  price  of  which  to  the  fishing  interest  had  ranged  from  $3  to  $9 
per  ton.  He  made  a  proposition  to  the  business  men  to  furnish  them  with  ice  at  $2.50 
per  ton  for  ten  years,  a  sweeping  reduction,  which  was,  as  a  matter  of  course,  readily 
accepted  At  the  expiration  of  the  10  years,  so  well  were  all  satisfied,  and  being  anxious 
to  reduce  the  price  of  ice  permanently,  and  further  lower  the  cost  if  possible,  that  Mr. 
Homans  conceived  the  idea  of  furnishing  a  supply  at  $2. 50  per  ton  and  dividing  one- 
half  the  profits  with  the  consumers.  The  largest  buyers  in  the  fishing  business,  com- 
prising the  Atlantic  Halibut  Company,  Cunningham  &  Thompson,  John  Pew  £  Son,  J. 
G.  Tarr  &  Bro.,  J.  S.  Ayer,  William  Parsons  and  others  entered  into  this  arrangement, 
reserving  the  right  of  declaring  dividends  annually.  Dividends  of  30  cents  per  ton  have 
been  paid  each  year,  and  should  all  the  heavy  consumers  enter  into  this  arrangement  the 
price  could  be  further  reduced  to  $1.25  per  ton,  as  the  cost  of  production  for  a  larger 
quantity  would  be  but  little  extra.  Fernwood  Lake  at  West  Gloucester,  where  the 
supply  is  obtained,  was  formerly  a  meadow.  It  was  cleared  at  great  expense  in  1876. 
The  great  ice  house,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country,  was  constructed  the  same  year. 
Its  capacity  is  34,000  tons.  Near  by  are  the  handsome  residence  for  the  superintendent 
and  the  five  stables,  costing  $10,000.  Everything  pertaining  to  the  construction  of  the 
buildings  has  been  with  an  eye  to  permanence,  and  the  entire  enterprise,  under  the  per- 
sonal management  of  Mr.  Homans,  ranks  as  one  of  the  most  important  business  successes 
of  the  town. 

"BOSTON  STORE,"  W.  G.  BROWN  &  Co.,  Proprietors,  Dealers  in  Dry  Goods, 
Notions,  Fancy  Articles,  etc.,  186  and  188  Main  Street.  The  popular  and  prosperous 
"Boston  Store"  is  in  all  respects  a  first-class  establishment,  where  is  always  displayed  a 
very  complete  and  exceedingly  fine  assortment  of  everything  comprehended  in  dry  goods, 
from  the  most  superb  dress  goods  and  feminine  finery  to  the  cheapest  calicoes,  wash 
fabrics,  and  domestics,  with  a  great  variety  of  positive  bargains  in  household  specialties 
and  kitchen  furnishings.  No  inferior  goods  are  handled,  every  article  sold  being 
warranted  as  represented,  while  remarkably  low  prices  prevail.  The  business  premises 
comprise  a  finely-appointed,  spacious  store,  with  rapid  cash  railway  system,  the  proprie- 
tors exercising  immediate  personal  supervision  over  the  establishment.  The  stock 
includes  elegant  silks,  satins,  velvets,  cashmeres,  and  all  the  latest  patterns  in  stylish 
dress  fabrics ;  beautiful  laces  and  embroideries,  novelties  in  underwear,  corsets,  hosiery, 
knit  goods.  yarns,notions,  parasols,  fans,  toilet  articles,  jewelry,  ornaments,  silk  ribbons, 
dress  trimmings,  small  wares  and  fancy  articles ;  also  cottons,  ginghams,  flannels,  mus- 
lins, linens,  sheetings,  blankets,  towellings,  etc.  It  is  the  largest  exclusive  dry  goods 
store  this  side  of  Lynn,  and  one  of  the  very  largest  in  the  county. 


332  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

JOSEPH  H.  ROWE,  Manufacturer  of  Genuine  Cape  Ann  Oil  Clothing.  Manufactory 
and  Office,  corner  Duncan  and  Rogers  Streets.  The  great  fishery  interests  of  Gloucester 
have  called  into  existence  here  a  number  of  other  auxiliary  industries,  of  themselves 
important,  and  one  of  these  is  the  manufacture  of  oil  clothing  for  seamen's  use,  consist- 
ing of  long  coats,  pea  jackets,  double  apron  and  string  pants,  short  jackets,  both  double 
and  patched.  The  leading  and  largest  house  engaged  in  this  field  of  enterprise  is  that 
owned  and  ably  directed  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Rowe,  being  the  largest  factory  of  this  kind  in  the 
county,  at  the  junction  of  Duncan  and  Rogers  Streets.  Mr.  Rowe  founded  his  business 
in  1884,  bringing  to  bear  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  industry,  and  through  the  energy 
and  application  exercised  by  him  in  the  management  of  his  affairs,  he  soon  began  win- 
ning substantial  recognition,  and  the  superiority  of  his  goods  has  brought  them  into  wide- 
spread favor,  there  now  being  an  active  demand  for  them  in  all  the  seaport  towns  of 
Massachusetts  and  Maine  and  the  country.  The  factory  is  comprised  in  a  building  having 
three  floors,  and  it  is  thoroughly  equipped  with  every  appliance  and  essential  necessary 
to  insure  a  perfect  production.  Employment  is  furnished  to  upwards  of  twenty  hands, 
and  genuine  Cape  Ann  oil  clothing  is  turned  out  in  large  quantities.  The  clothing  is 
made  of  the  best  materials,  in  the  most  reliable  manner,  and  is  unsurpassed  for  durability 
and  thoroughness  of  finish  in  every  detail.  Mr.  Rowe  also  manufactures  the  genuine 
(.ape  Ann  sou'wester  and  soft  hat.  Both  a  wholesale  and  retail  trade  is  supplied,  and 
all  orders  are  promptly  and  satisfactorily  filled.  Mr.  Rowe  is  a  native  of  Gloucester,  and 
one  of  its  foremost  young  business  men. 

MARCELLUS  BUNKER,  Straw  Goods  Manufacturer,  Fashionable  Millinery,  etc.,  No.  75 
Main  Street,  is  a  native  of  the  state  of  Maine,  and  has  been  a  highly  respected  resident 
of  Gloucester  for  many  years.  Having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  straw  goods  line  of 
trade  and  the  processes  of  manufacture,  he  inaugurated  this  enterprise  and  has  con- 
tinued the  entire  business  ever  since  with  uninterrupted  success.  The  premises  occupied 
are  spacious  and  commodious,  comprising  three  floors,  which  are  admirably  adapted  for 
factory,  bleaching  and  business  purposes,  the  factory  and  bleachery  departments  being 
fully  equipped  with  all  the  latest  improved  machinery,  hydraulic  presses,  dies,  plaster 
blocks,  'etc.,  while  a  number  of  operatives  are  given  steady  employment.  In  the  store 
will  be  found  at  all  times  a  full  and  complete  line  of  all  the  very  latest  and  most  desirable 
styles  and  shapes  of  hats  and  bonnets,  trimmed  and  untrimmed,  also  a  select  assortment 
of  the  very  latest  novelties  in  millinery  trimmings,  including  silks,  satins,  laces,  crapes, 
ribbons,  ostrich  plumes,  tips,  feathers  of  rare  and  beautiful  birds,  foreign  and  domestic 
artificial  flowers  and  a  choice  line  of  embroideries  and  patterns.  He  also  keeps  the  best 
and  most  stylish  trimmer  in  the  vicinity,  polite  attendants  to  serve  customers  promptly 
and  intelligently,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  please. 

CHARLES  S.  TAPPAN,  Clothing.  Nos.  112-116  Main  Street.  There  is  one  house 
which  is  conspicuously  representative  in  the  clothing  trade  in  the  city,  and  that  is  the 
establishment  presided  over  by  Mr.  Charles  S.  Tappan,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street, 
established  in  1833,  an<^  m  1864  removed  to  the  handsome  premises  now  occupied. 
Some  years  ago  he  took  his  son  into  partnership,  who  in  1887  acquired  the  sole  pro- 
prietorship, and  since  that  time  the  business  has  been  conducted  in  his  name.  The 
premises,  which  are  very  commodious,  have  a  front  of  48x70  feet  and  consist  of  a 
splendid  store,  with  a  spacious  room  on  the  second  floor  used  as  custom  department. 
Ample  show  windows  afford  every  convenience  for  making  a  fine  display,  and  the  interior 
arrangements  are  very  perfect  in  every  department.  This  house  is  one  of  the  most 
popular  in  Gloucester,  and  as  it  is  conducted  on  the  same  honorable  principles  which 
have  always  characterized  it  during  a  long,  successful  career,  business  continues  to  grow 
apace,  and  Mr.  Tappan,  the  courteous  proprietor,  who  is  a  native  of  this  city  and  well 
and  popularly  known,  is  a  gentleman  who  has  shown  himself  thoroughly  alive  to  the 
demands  of  the  times. 

J.  H.  DUNNEI.S,  Millinery,  No.  124  Main  Street. — One  of  the  most  popular  establish- 
ments in  this  city  is  that  named  in  the  caption  of  this  article.  It  has  been  in  successful 
operation  since  1883,  and  has  become  widely  known  as  one  of  the  best  and  most  reliable 
at  which  to  obtain  millinery  in  the  city.  Mr.  Dunnels  possesses  most  excellent  taste  and 
judgment,  and  follows  closely  the  latest  Boston  fashions,  and  makes  a  fine  display  of 
beautiful  goods  in  his  handsome  store,  which  is  20x60  feet  in  size  and  very  elaborately 
fitted  up.  In  the  assortment  will  be  found  the  latest  modes  in  hats  and  bonnets  in  perfect 
accord  with  the  popular  prevailing  fashions,  also  ribbons,  plumes,  flowers,  satins,  silks, 
velvets,  and  a  general  line  of  fancy  goods  and  trimmings.  From  six  to  ten  skilled,  prac- 
tical milliners  are  kept  constantly  engaged.  Prices  are  governed  by  moderation,  and 
full  satisfaction  is  always  given  to  customers. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  333 

Among  the  representative  fish  dealers  is  FRANK  STANWOOD,  whose  establishment  is  at 
94  and  96  Commercial  Street.  Mr.  Stanwood  has  a  large  and  thoroughly  equipped  plant, 
including  wharves,  yards  and  warehouses  for  the  producing  and  curing  of  fish  of  all 
kinds  and  his  shipments  throughout  the  country  are  quite  extensive.  Although  dealing 
extensively  in  mackerel  and  boneless  fish,  his  specialities  are  smoked  "  Cromarty 
Bloaters,"  and  "  Iceland  Halibut,"  conducting  one  of  the  heaviest  businesses  in  this 
especial  line  in  the  city.  For  this  purpose  he  imports  large  cargoes  of  herring  from 
Fortune  and  Placentia  Bays,  Labrador  and  other  producing  centers.  He  is  a  member  of 
Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  having  passed  through  all  the  chairs,  Salem  Canton, 
Patriarchs  Militant,  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  William  Ferson,  Royal  Arch  Chap- 
ter and  others.  He  is  Past  Grand  of  Ocean  Lodge,  and  J'ast  High  Priest  of  Cape  Ann 
Encampment. 

The  boxing  of  the  enormous  quantities  of  cod  and  other  varieties  of  fish  has  led  to  the 
demand  for  great  numbers  of  fancy  printed  wooden  receptacles.  The  firm  of  LEWIS  H. 
MARCHANT  &  Co.,  established  in  1877,  is  by  far  the  largest  in  the  city  and  in  respect  to 
product  and  equipments  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country.  The  capacity  of  the  firm  at 
present  is  5,oooprinted  boxes  per  day.  Since  1890  the  manager  of  the  establishment  has 
been  Samuel  H.  Marchant,  to  whose  inventive  talent  in  designing  new  and  exclusive 
wood  printing  machines  and  other  labor  saving  implements  the  success  of  the  firm  is  in  a 
large  measure  due.  The  factory  which  is  situated  on  Willow  and  Cleveland  Streets  and 
covers  a  space  180  x  65  feet,  is  three  stories  in  height  and  is  stocked  with  ex- 
clusive printing  designs  and  the  product  is  shipped  all  over  the  country,  the  firm's  goods 
even  going  as  far  as  San  Francisco. 

One  of  the  old  reliable  and  standard  dry  goods  firms  of  the  city  is  that  of  ALEX  PATTILO. 
Mr.  Pattillo  is  a  veteran  in  this  business  and  his  house  is  antedated  in  town  by  one  only. 
At  13  years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  firm  of  James  Mansfield  &  Son,  in  their 
dry  goods  department,  afterwards  with  John  C.  Calef  &  Co.,  with  whom  he  served  eight 
years.  In  1852  he  embarked  in  business  for  himself  in  Center's  Block,  and  in  1864  took 
the  lease  of  the  building  occupying  his  present  location  at  120  and  122  Main  Street,  then 
known  as  Union  Block.  Some  18  years  ago  his  establishment  with  others  were  burned, 
but  nothing  daunted  he  purchased  the  site  and  erected  the  present  fine  brick  business 
block  in  which  by  honest  dealing  he  has  built  up  one  of  the  largest  businesses  of  the 
kind  on  the  cape,  occupying  two  stories  of  the  edifice.  He  is  the  oldest  Gloucester  dry 
goods  man  in  active  business  at  the  present  time,  having  seen  48  years  of  service,  and  is 
always  abreast  of  the  times  in  every  essential  pertaining  to  a  wide  awake  businessman. 
The  needs  of  his  establishment  require  the  attention  of  16  clerks  throughout  the  year. 
He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Baptist  church,  of  which  society  he  has  been  treasurer 
for  25  years,  and  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Gloucester  Lyceum  and  Sawyer  Free  Library. 
His  father,  Capt.  James  Pattillo,  was  one  of  the  most  energetic  and  enterprising  of 
Gloucester's  master  mariners  who  have  done  so  much  to  build  up  the  business  of  the 
town. 

The  firm  of  BENNETT  BROS.,  corner  of  Rogers  and  Duncan  Streets  comprises  two  of 
Gloucester's  young  and  energetic  business  men,  having  resources,  as  wharves  and  coal 
pockets  and  wood  yards,  among  the  largest  in  the  city.  John  Q.  Bennett,  the  elder  of 
the  firm  is  36  years  of  age  and  has  always  taken  active  part  in  local  politics  being  elected 
to  the  common  council  from  ward  4  serving  on  the  committee  on  fire  department  and 
others.  He  was  re-elected  for  1885  and  was  chosen  president  of  the  common  council. 
He  was  elected  for  the  Board  of  Aldermen  for  1886  from  ward  4,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  fire  department  and  other  important  positions.  He  is  a  member  of 
Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows  and  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  in  each  of  which  he  has  filled 
all  the  chairs,  also  of  the  Red  Men,  Unity  Canton,  No.  5,  Uniformed  Patriarchs  in  which 
he  holds  the  office  of  First  Major  of  the  Fourth  Regiment.  Warren  A.  Bennett,  the 
other  member  of  the  firm  is  a  young  man  of  32,  very  popular  in  business  and  social 
circles.  He  entered  Dartmouth  College  and  at  the  completion  of  his  studies  engaged  in 
business.  He  is  Junior  Warden  of  Tyrian  Lodge  of  Masons,  in  which  he  is  greatly,  in- 
terested, is  treasurer  of  the  Vendome  Club,  one  of  the  town's  leading  social  organiza- 
tions, a  member  of  Wingaersheek  Tribe  of  Red  Men  and  others. 

WILLIAM  DENNETT,  one  of  the  representative  dealers  in  the  important  branch  of  the 
fresh  fish  industry  first  engaged  in  business  in  1880  on  Steele's  wharf,  Rogers  Street, 
afterwards  at  Allen's  wharf,  removing  to  the  Fort  wharf  until  he  became  connected  with- 
the  Independent  Halibut  Company  at  Fears's  wharf.  After  the  dissolution  of  this  organ- 
ization he  returned  to  the  Fort  where  he  has  continued  business  as  a  large  wholesaler  of 


334  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

all  kinds  of  fresh  fish,  cod,  mackerel  and  halibut,  his  specialty  being  the  latter,  all  o^ 
which  are  brought  fresh  from  the  producing  fishermen  and  rapidly  shipped  by  boat  and 
rail,  preserved  in  ice,  to  all  sections  of  the  country.  Mr.  Dennett  is  prominently  identified 
with  fraternal  organizations,  being  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge  of  Masons,  William  Fer- 
son,  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Bethlehem  Commandery,  Knights  Templars,  Aleppo  Temple, 
Mystic  Shrine,  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Constance  Lodge, 
Knignts  of  Pythias,  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  local  lodge  of  the  Ancient  Order  United 
Workmen,  besides  others. 

HIGGINS  &  GIFFORD,  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  all  Kinds  of  Boats. — This  repre- 
sentative and  successful  boat  factory  was  established  in  1871  by  Messrs.  A.  T.  Gifford  & 
I.  H.  Higgins,  both  of  whom  are  expert  and  experienced  boat  builders.  The  factory  is  85 
feet  long,  63  feet  wide  and  three  and  a  half  stories  high,  and  the  firm  also  utilize  five  ad- 
joining commodious  buildings.  During  the  busy  season  they  employ  fifty  skilled  work- 
men. All  descriptions  of  boats  are  built  with  dispatch.  They  have  had  30  years'  experi- 
ence, and  are  the  original  builders  of  the  sharp  sterned  bottom  seam,  mackerel  seine  boats, 
used  by  all  fishermen  of  New  England  and  the  Provinces.  The  firm  have  furnished  over 
150  boats  to  the  various  departments  of  the  United  States  Government.  They  likewise 
built  the  three  smallest  crafts  that  ever  crossed  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  viz.:  the  Centennial, 
Captain  Johnson;  Nautilus,  Andrews  Brothers;  and  the  Little  Western,  Captains  Norman 
and  Thomas.  The  Little  Western  made  the  return  trip  and  landed  at  Gloucester,  Mass. 
The  firm  have  built  during  the  last  fifteen  years  3,500  boats  of  different  kinds,  and  have 
given  entire  satisfaction  to  patrons.  They  were  awarded  medals  at  the  London  exhibition 
of  fish  and  fisheries,  1883,  for  their  unrivalled  mackerel  seine  boat;  also  for  their  excelsior 
life  boat.  Messrs.  Higgins  &  Gifford  are  both  natives  of  Cape  Cod. 

The  firm  of  G.  H.  &  W.  A.  NICHOLS  of  411  Union  Street,  Lynn,  Mass.,  printed  this 
book,  and  no  more  commendation  is  needed  than  a  reference  to  the  work  itself.  The 
members  are  George  H.  and  William  A.  Nichols,  natives  of  Lynn  and  Woburn 
respectively,  the  former  a  G.  A.  R.  man,  Odd  Fellow  and  Red  Man,  and  the  latter  an  Odd 
Fellow  and  an  American  Mechanic.  Their  establishment  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  of  the  kind  in  Essex  county,  and  their  specialty,  book  printing  is  of  a  high  grade. 

WILLIAM  J.  HARRIS,  whose  establishment  at  226  Main  Street  is  the  largest  of  the  shoe 
stores  of  the  city  in  point  of  window  display  is  one  of  the  principal  houses  on  Cape 
Ann  in  that  trade.  Mr.  Harris  is  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  community  as  a  rep- 
resentative business  man.  He  carries  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  stocks  comprising  all 
the  standard  and  fancy  grades  of  footwear.  The  business  was  established  by  him  in  Oct. 
20,  1883.  Mr.  Harris  is  one  of  the  oldest  members  of  Ocean  Lodge,  91,  I.  O.  O.  F.  in 
the  city. 

STANWOOD  &  Co.,  Curers  and  Packers  of  all  kinds  of  Fish,  Dry,  Pickled  and  Smoked, 
No.  90  Commercial  Street  and  Fort  Square. — The  business  of  this  house  was  founded  in 
1876,  and  two  years  later  John  J.  Stanwood  succeeded  to  the  entire  control,  and  has  since 
continued  the  enterprise  under  the  present  firm  style.  The  extensive  premises  occupied 
comprises  three  acres  of  ground,  on  which  are  located  six  large  buildings,  a  number  of 
storehouses,  and  two  wharves.  The  entire  place  is  equipped  in  all  the  departments  in 
the  most  thorough  and  complete  manner,  with  all  requisite  appliances,  and  employment 
is  afforded  to  fifty  hands,  varying  according  to  the  season.  Mr.  Stanwood  personally 
superintends  the  entire  establishment,  and  carries  on  general  operations  as  a  curer  and 
packer  of  dry,  pickled  and  smoked  fish,  and  manufacturer  of  boneless  codfish,  put  up  in 
brick  form.  The  greatest  of  care  is  exercised  in  the  selection  of  the  fish,  the  mo»t  ap- 
proved process  of  curing  are  followed,  and  the  goods  are  strictly  Ai  in  every  respect.  A 
staff  of  traveling  representatives  is  employed,  and  the  trade  of  the  establishment  extends 
to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  A  specialty  is  made  of  mackerel  and  smoked  Crom- 
erty  bloaters,  the  shipment  of  these  articles  being  among  the  heaviest  in  the  country. 
Mr.  Stanwood  is  heavily  interested  in  some  of  the  most  desirable  seashore  properties  in 
New  England  especially  at  Magnolia  and  Eastern  Point,  his  sales  at  the  former  place 
alone  aggregating  over  $i  00,000.  He  is  a  native  of  Gloucester  and  a  thoroughly  progres- 
sive merchant. 

THE  ATLANTIC  HALIBUT  COMPANY,  located  on  Atlantic  Wharf,  is  without  doubt  the 
largest  fresh  fish  concern  in  the  fisheries,  handling  as  it  does  enormous  quantities  of  the 
halibut  caught  on  the  Banks.  Its  wharf,  comprising  an  area  of  40,000  square  feet,  is  the 
largest  and  most  solidly  constructed  in  the  city,  while  its  ample  warehouses  are  fitted  with 
every  facility  for  packing  and  shipping  of  the  fish,  which  is  sent  all  over  the  country  by 
boat  and  especial  fish  trains.  The  total  output  of  the  firm  is  from  three  to  five  million 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  335 

pounds  of  halibut,  annually  consuming  10,000  tons  of  ice  aboard  vessel  and  in  packing  for 
shipment.  A  Hank  halibut  catcher  usually  takes  from  30  to  45  tons  of  ice  on  each  trip 
One  of  the  most  interesting  sights  connected  with  the  fisheries  is  to  be  seen  here  when  a 
fare  is  being  unloaded  and  boxed.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  Seth  Stockbridge,  Samuel 
G.  Pool  and  Thomas  Hodge,  pioneers  in  this  industry,  and  Hon.  D.  I.  Robinson.  The 
firm  have  always  been  characterized  by  their  liberal  dealings  and  as  a  result,  the  fresh 
halibut  industry  has  been  the  most  remunerative  branch  that  the  operative  fishermen  have 
pursued.  In  addition  to  a  large  number  of  vessels  of  their  own,  they  buy  the  bulk  of  the 
product  of  fresh  halibut  of  the  American  fleet. 

D.  M.  HILTON,  Stevedore,  Offices  rear  of  157  Front  Street  and  corner  of  Spring  and 
Pearce  Streets.  An  important  vocation  in  every  seaport  town,  and  one  fraught  with 
much  responsibility  is  that  followed  by  the  stevedore,  and  thorough  experience  and  sound- 
ness of  judgment  are  requisite  in  order  to  engage  in  this  line  successfully.  A  gentleman 
who  possesses  all  the  required  qualifications,  and  has  won  an  enviable  reputation  for 
efficiency  and  reliability,  is  1).  M.  Hilton,  Gloucester's  veteran  stevedore,  who  has  been 
engaged  in  this  calling  for  the  past  33  years.  He  has  three  desirably  located  stables, 
models  of  neatness  and  convenience,  owns  40  horses,  comprising  the  finest  specimens  to 
be  procured,  and  in  this  respect  is  outranked  by  no  similar  establishment  in  New  England. 
Mr.  Hilton  is  a  native  of  Gloucester  and  one  of  its  most  progressive  men. 

The  establishment  of  WILLIAM  H.  JORDAN  is  known  as  one  of  the  most  thoroughly 
equipped  in  the  fisheries,  and  Mr.  Jordan  has  won  the  reputation  of  one  of  the  most 
progressive  men  in  the  business.  His  fleet  comprises  15  of  the  finest  designed  and  con- 
structed fishermen  afloat,  built  mainly  from  the  lines  of  the  great  designer,  Edward 
Burgess,  one  which,  the  Grayling,  is  depicted  in  this  work.  Mr.  Jordan's  vessels  are 
mainly  employed  in  the  halibut,  mackerel  and  Newfoundland  frozen  herring  business  and 
are  manned  by  some  of  the  most  skillful  masters  and  capable  crews  in  the  fleet.  He  was 
the  first  to  originate  and  introduce  an  artificial  system  of  freezing  herring  aboard  vessel 
and  to  establish  a  cold  storage  plant  for  the  preservation  of  the  fish,  working  a  revolution 
in  the  methods  of  preservation.  Mr.  Jordan  stands  high  in  the  community  and  has  been 
elected  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  2501)1  anniversary  celebration  and  chief 
marshal  of  the  grand  procession.  He  is  prominently  connected  with  various  financial 
institutions. 

The  general  cooperage  industry  is  carried  on  exclusively  in  town  by  the  firm  of  SPAULD- 
ING  &  FROST.  The  business  was  founded  in  1883  and  in  1886,  Stephen  A.  Frost,  the 
junior  member,  came  to  Gloucester  aud  successfully  established  the  first  cooperage  manu- 
factory in  the  town,  in  a  small  shed  near  the  Boston  and  Maine  freight  station.  The 
business  grew  so  rapidly  that  the  erection  of  a  new  and  commodious  factory  was 
necessitated  on  Cleveland  Street,  which  was  built  in  September,  1891,  where  the  manu- 
facture of  half  and  quarter  barrels,  pits,  pails  and  general  cooperage  is  extensively 
pursued.  The  mill  where  the  stock  is  turned  out  is  in  Fremont,  N.  H.  Under  the  super- 
vision of  Mr.  Frost,  the  business  has  almost  doubled  each  year.  Goods  are  shipped  all 
over  the  country  and  the  firm  has  a  large  southern  trade.  The  latest  designed  machinery 
is  used.  The  great  specialty  of  the  firm  is  the  flat  or  sugar-barrel  hoop,  of  which  Mr. 
Frost  was  the  originator,  for  fish  packages. 

The  firm  of  SYLVANUS  SMITH  &  Co.  is  known  as  one  of  the  largest  in  the  New  England 
fisheries,  employing  a  large  fleet  of  first-class  vessels.  The  senior  member,  Sylvanus 
Smith,  is  a  native  of  Rockport,  and  is  one  of  the  most  thoroughly  equipped  men  as 
regards  matters  pertaining  to  the  fisheries  in  the  country.  He  was  the  first  president  of 
the  Board  of  Trade,  vice-president  of  the  Gloucester  Net  and  Twine  Co.,  a  director  in  the 
First  National  Bank,  besides  being  largely  interested  in  real  estate  and  business  enter- 
prises. He  was  elected  state  representative  for  tht  present  year  and  commanded  extended 
attention  by  his  thorough  knowledge  of  facts  regarding  the  fisheries  during  the  debate  on 
the  Menhaden  fishery  matter.  The  junior  members  of  the  firm  are  E.  Archer  Bradley 
and  Howard  Smith.  Mr.  Bradley  is  well  and  favorably  known  in  business  and  social 
circles.  He  has  been  master  of  Tyrian  Lodge  for  three  years,  past  high  priest  of  William 
Ferson  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  and  is  generallissimo  in  Bethlehem  Commandery,  Knights 
Templars.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  popular  young  man,  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  William 
Ferson  Chapter  and  the  Commandery. 

The  firm  of  FOLEY  &  CONLY,  producers,  packers  and  wholesale  dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
fish,  with  their  establishment  at  Fort  Point,  is  composed  of  P.  J.  Foley  and  John  Conly, 
both  well-known  business  men.  The  specialty  of  the  firm  is  mackerel,  although  boneless 
cod  and  other  fish  are  largely  dealt  in.  Mr.  Foley  is  a  popular  young  man,  who  has 
represented  Ward  2  in  the  Common  Council. 


336  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

The  establishment  of  D.  C.  &  H.  BABSON  have  for  years  been  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent in  the  fishing  business,  especially  in  the  fresh  halibut  aud  Bank  cod-fishing  branches, 
employing  only  vessels  of  the  latest  design  and  highest  grade.  Horatio  Babson,  the  well- 
known  member  of  the  firm,  enjoys  a  reputation  as  a  yacht  and  vessel  designer  of  much 
ability,  the  yacht  Mignon  and  several  of  his  vessels  built  from  his  lines  possessing  notable 
speed  and  sea-going  abilities.  Both  members  of  the  firm  are  natives  of  Rockport,  direct 
descendants  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  name. 

ELI  JACKMAN,  Mason  and  Contractor,  is  the  leader  in  his  business  on  the  Cape,  having 
built  nearly  every  brick  edifice  in  the  city,  an  unusual  record  and  a  high  compliment  to 
his  thoroughness  and  reliability.  Among  the  buildings  constructed  by  him  are  the  High 
School  building,  of  which  he  was  the  contractor,  the  police  station  and  armory  building, 
Tibbett's  Block  and  scores  of  others.  At  the  present  time  Mr.  Jackman  is  at  work  on 
what,  when  completed,  will  be  the  two  finest  business  blocks  in  the  city,  the  four-story 
brick  Webster  building  on  Pleasant  Street,  and  the  new  and  spacious  edifice  of  the  Cape 
Ann  Savings  Bank  on  the  site  of  the  present  Rogers  Block,  which  will  greatly  improve  the 
appearance  of  the  locality.  He  also  conducts  an  extensive  traffic  in  coal  and  wood  at 
East  Gloucester,  where  he  has  ample  wharf  facilities  for  his  large  and  constantly  increas- 
ing business. 

PROCTER  BROS.,  of  the  "Old  Corner  Bookstore."  This  firm,  established  in  1846,  com- 
prises Francis  and  George  H.  Procter,  Francis  starting  the  business  with  George  H.  as 
his  right  hand  man.  Their  mother,  Ann  (Allen)  Procter  was  a  descendant  of  Rev.  John 
White.  On  the  Procter  side  they  are  descendants  of  Rev.  Francis  Higginson,  the  first 
minister  of  Salem.  At  an  early  age,  their  father  having  died,  they  embarked  in  the  news- 
paper and  periodical  business  in  a  small  way  and  in  1850  moved  to  their  present  location. 
In  July,  1853,  "Procter's  Able  Sheet"  was  started,  published  monthly,  3,000  copies  being 
faithfully  delivered  by  the  boys  to  every  family  gratuitously.  In  1856,  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  Gloucester  Advertiser,  afterwards  to  the  Cape  Ann  Advertiser  and 
eventually  issued  weekly  and  is  flourishing  today.  In  1873  they  purchased  the  desirable 
property  known  as  Bellevue  Heights,  and  laid  it  out  in  lots,  and  their  enterprise  and 
sagacity  were  rewarded,  the  tract  being  now  thickly  covered  with  the  finest  residences  in 
the  city.  The  latest  real  estate  venture  is  at  Willoughby  Park,  West  Gloucester,  which, 
with  Dr.  George  Morse,  they  purchased  in  1887,  and  which  is  destined  to  become  one  of 
the  most  desirable  seacoast  properties  in  New  England.  June  16,  1888,  they  established 
the  Gloucester  Daily  Times,  which  has  been  so  successful  as  to  warrant  the  introduction 
of  a  fast  duplex  perfecting  printing  press,  which  turns  out  4,000  eight-page  papers  per 
hour. 

M.  H.  PERKINS,  272  Main  Street,  Pharmacist,  conducts  one  of  the  leading  establish- 
ments of  the  kind.  He  has  served  in  the  Common  Council  and  has  held  other  offices. 

BOTT  BROS.,  Main  Street,  comprising  Charles  S.  and  Henry  H.  Bott,  are  the 
acknowledged  leaders  in  the  harness  business  in  town. 

ADAM  P.  STODDART  &  SON,  236  Main  Street,  "carry  on  the  general  machinists' 
business,  with  complete  facilities  for  constructing  and  building  steam  engines  and 
machinery  of  all  kinds.  Their  specialty  is  improved  vessels'  steering  wheels,  which  are 
meeting  with  much  success. 

WILLIAM  H.  WONSON  &  Son,  who  conducts  the  largest  exclusive  smoked  fish  business 
are  the  oldest  firm  in  the  fish  trade  in  Gloucester.  Their  specialty  is  smoked  halibut 
and  Cromarty  bloaters.  Their  smoking  houses,  20  in  number  have  a  capacity  of  75,000 
pounds.  The  firm  handle  from  800,000  to  1,500,000  pounds  of  halibut  each  year. 

Previous  to  the  introduction  of  copper  paint,  nothing  but  green  paint  and  verdigris 
was  used  oh  vessels'  bottoms.  Schooners  were  beached,  one  side  was  so  treated  and 
then  another,  consuming  three  or  four  days.  Now  they  are  hauled  out  on  marine  rail- 
ways and  the  work  performed  in  12  hours.  The  French  first  used  copper  paint.  In 
1863,  a  copper  paint,  which  has  never  been  equalled,  was  produced  in  Gloucester. 
By  its  use  the  bottom  of  vessels  are  kept  free  from  marine  accretions  and  make  the 
homeward  passage  in  a  week,  where  formerly  three  or  four  weeks  were  consumed,  con- 
ducing greatly  to  speed  and  a  consequent  saving  of  time  and  money.  James  II.  Tarr,  a 
young  man  of  35,  is  one  of  the  principal  manufacturers  of  copper  and  anti-fouling  paint, 
which  bears  a  world-wide  reputation  and  is  used  wherever  there  is  salt  water  and  its 
merits  are  universally  acknowledged.  His  yacht  and  anti-fouling  paint  are  standard 
articles.  The  firm  have,  after  years  of  effort,  perfected  a  paint  for  iron  and  steel  bottoms 
which  promises  to  be  of  the  greatest  value.  The  manufactory  is  at  Rocky  Neck. 


HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER.  337 

FRANK  O.  GRIFFIN,  as  successor  to  Bennett  Griffin  &  Son,  Maplewood  Avenue,  a 
firm  identified  with  the  general  lumber  and  building  business  for  the  last  40  years,  is  one 
of  the  most  progressive  business  men  in  the  city.  His  liberal  ideas  in  disposing  of 
houses,  enabling  purchasers  to  procure  a  home  on  moderate  partial  payments  is  one  of 
the  secrets  of  his  business  success.  During  the  past  four  years  he  has  erected  over  100 
houses. 

WALTER  W.  WONSON,  is  one  of  the  prominent  dealers  in  fresh  halibut,  cod,  had- 
dock, mackerel  and  all  varieties  of  salt  water  fish.  His  shipments  are  large  and  he  has 
established  a  regular  line  of  customers  throughout  the  country  as  far  as  Omaha.  He 
has  a  branch  house  at  Rockport. 

CHARLES  H.  BOYNTON,  dealer  in  wood,  coal,  etc.,  occupies  the  largest  coal  sheds  in 
town,  with  a  capacity  of  7000  tons,  the  entire  plant  covering  two  and  one-half  acres  of 
ground.  The  coal  and  wood  is  brought  directly  from  the  producing  centres,  large  docks 
especially  dredged  for  the  purpose  floating  the  shipping  at  all  tides.  Mr.  Boynton  served 
two  years  in  the  common  council,  was  Master  of  Tyrian  Lodge  and  is  a  member  of  Will- 
iam Person  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Bethlehem  Commandery,  Odd  Fellows,  Red  Men,  etc.  . 

EDWARD  W.  HOWE,  18  Main  Street  is  one  of  Gloucester's  prominent  pharmacists, 
having  a  large  and  well  appointed  establishment,  stocked  with  a  complete  line  of  druggists' 
supplies.  Mr.  Howe  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  other  frater- 
nal organizations. 

JOSEPH  C.  SHEPHERD,  born  in  Gloucester  in  1847,  is  proprietor  of  one  of  the  principal 
provision  stores  in  the  city.  He  has  been  elected  to  the  common  council  and  aldermen, 
serving  on  the  important  committees  of  the  fire  department  and  others  and  has  also  been  a 
candidate  for  mayor.  He  is  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows, 
Trustee  of  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Post  45,  G.  A.  R.,  and  several  others. 

JOSEPH  PARSONS  a  native,  born  February  18,  1842.  In  1875  ne  began  the  Gentlemen's 
Furnishing  Business  at  East  Gloucester,  afterwards  adding  a  boot  and  shoe  department. 
In  October,  1875  ne  was  appointed  postmaster,  which  position  he  held  until  the  free  de- 
livery system  went  into  effect.  He  entered  the  common  council  in  1888  and  served  three 
years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

B.  HASKELL  &  SONS  are  one  of  the  largest  grocery,  provision  and  crockery  dealers  in 
the  city,  occupying  several  large  buildings  in  the  square  at  the  foot  of  Union  Hill.  The 
firm  is  also  largely  interested  in  vessel  property  and  real  estate. 

L.  D.  LOTHROP,  68  and  70  Duncan  Street  imports  immense  quantities  of  the  Arthur 
James  fish  hooks  from  England  which  are  in  great  demand  by  the  fishermen,  besides 
keeping  in  stock  a  large  assortment  of  vessel  furnishings.  He  is  a  native  of  Maine  and 
removed  to  his  present  location  in  1880. 

E.  G.  HOTCHKISS  &  Co.,  dealers  in  all  kinds  of  salt  fish.  The  facilities  of  the  firm 
on  Rogers  Street  for  producing  and  curing  of  fish  comprises  large  wharf  area  and  com- 
modious cutting  and  packing  houses.  Their  specialty  is  high  class  boneless  codfish  of 
which  large  shipments  are  made.  Mr.  Hotchkiss,  the  senior  member  is  a  young  man  and 
has  been  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  since  1870  and  also  of  William 
Ferson  Royal  Arch  Chapter. 

THOMAS  H.  HUNT,  125  and  127  Main  Street  is  the  proprietor  of  one  of  the  principal 
furniture  marts  of  the  town.  Mr  Hunt  is  a  native  and  has  built  up  one  of  the  largest 
trades  in  his  line  on  the  Cape.  His  stock  is  comprehensive  and  extensive  and  the 
location  central  and  accessible. 

WILLIAM  J.  MADDOCKS,  proprietor  of  the  Vincent  Street  Pharmacy  is  a  native  of 
Lowell.  After  being  employed  in  several  of  the  largest  firms  in  New  England  and  New 
York  city  he  came  to  Gloucester  some  15  years  ago  and  established  asuccessful  pharmacy, 
the  present  being  his  thirty-second  year  in  business.  His  establishment,  266  Main  Street  is 
situated  over  the  historic  spring  of  the  settler,  William  Vincent.  Mr.  Maddocks  is 
prominent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

The  firm  of  CUNNINGHAM  &  THOMPSON,  established  in  1855,  in  respect  to  the  large 
area  of  buildings  and  wharfage,  modern  designed  fleet  of  vessels,  and  their  enor- 
mous output  of  boneless  codfish  and  mackerel,  are  entitled  to  the  first  rank  in  the  New 
England  fish  trade.  Every  facility  known  to  the  business  is  to  be  found  on  their 
premises,  which  are  among  the  most  interesting  in  the  city.  The  firm  was  founded 
by  the  father  of  the  present  senior  partner,  Mr.  Sylvester  Cunningham.  Capt.  William 
Thompson  is  the  second  member  of  the  firm. 


338  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

THE  GLOUCESTER  ELECTRIC  LIGHT  Co.  was  started  in  1884  and  in  1888  was  sold 
to  the  Gloucester  Electric  Co.,  the  original  equipment  being  one  5<>horse  power  engine 
and  two  dynamos.  The  new  company  pushed  business  and  in  1891  erected  a  fine  brick 
building  at  Vincent's  Point,  102x52  feet,  near  the  old  establishment.  It  contains  many 
novel  improvements,  gallery,  bath-rooms,  chambers,  offices,  etc.  The  equipment  con- 
sists of  two  compound  condensing  engines,  300  horse-power  each  and  boilers  to  match, 
two  arc  machines,  one  1,300  incandescent  dynamo  and  one  40  horse-power  generator. 
Near  by  the  company  has  a  fine  wharf,  with  dock  of  deep  water,  and  coal  sheds  of  a 
capacity  of  900  tons.  There  is  ample  room  for  further  extensions.  The  president  is 
W.  H.  Jordan,  the  treasurer  and  manager  E.  L.  Norris,  through  whose  energetic  efforts 
the  success  of  the  company  is  mainly  due. 

The  firm  of  N.  RICHARDSON,  manufacturer  of  patent  steering  wheels  and  ice  mills, 
104  Washington  Street,  was  founded  in  1850  by  the  late  Nathan  Richardson,  who 
invented  the  Low  ice  mill,  the  Richardson  Steerer  in  1865,  the  Richardson  Patent  Bait 
Mill,  the  Centennial  Steerer,  the  Eureka  Ice  Crusher,  the  Challenge  Steerer,  the  reputa- 
tion of  which  is  national,  besides  many  minor  inventions.  Mr.  Richardson,  who  was  a 
native  of  Manchester,  died  in  1891,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Charles  H.,  who 
inherits  his  father's  inventive  talent  and  has  patented  improvements  on  steering  wheels 
and  other  machinery. 

JAMES  G.  TARR  &  BROS.,  wholesale  dealers  in  dry  and  pickled  fish.  Among  the 
large  wholesale  houses  whose  names  are  familiar  in  trade  circles  throughout  the  country 
is  that  of  Messrs.  James  G.  Tarr  &  Bros.  The  firm  occupy  five  acres  at  Rocky  Neck,  on 
which  are  erected  ten  commodious  buildings,  with  spacious  flake  yards  for  drying  fish. 
This  business  was  established  in  1855,  by  Dodd,  Tarr  &  Co.,  who  were  succeeded  in 
1874  by  the  present  firm.  The  co-partners,  Messrs.  James  G.,  David,  B.  N.,  D.  Sher- 
man and  Thomas  L.  Tarr,  have  had  great  practical  experience,  and  possess  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  every  detail  of  the  fishing  industry,  and  the  requirements  of  jobbers  and 
dealers  in  all  sections  of  the  United  States.  They  fit  and  own  20  first-class  vessels, 
deal  largely  at  wholesale  in  all  kinds  of  dry  and  pickled  fish,  smoked  halibut  and  mack- 
erel. The  partners  are  all  residents  of  Gloucester,  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  B.  N.  Tarr 
who  lives  at  Rockport.  Mr.  James  G.  Tarr,  the  senior  member,  served  two  years  in  the 
state  legislature  and  is  a  director  of  the  City  National  Bank. 

SIDNEY  S.  SAVAGE,  a  native  of  Maine,  established  an  extensive  confectionary  busi- 
ness in  1887  and  has  now  three  stores  on  the  Cape,  the  leading  dealer  of  his  kind.  Mr. 
Savage  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Prospect  Street  M.  E.  Church.  He  has  been  a 
Free  Mason  for  13  years. 

EPES  E.  FRIEND  for  the  past  eight  years  has  conducted  an  extensive  brokerage  busi- 
ness at  in  Main  Street  and  has  established  a  reputation  for  reliability  and  fair  dealing. 
He  is  a  member  of  Tyrian  Lodge  of  Free  Masons. 

RODERICK  MCDONALD,  shipping  agent  and  broker,  54  Duncan  Street,  is  a  popular  and 
progressive  business  man  of  thorough  reliability  and  conducts  a  large  business  in  vessel 
outfitting,  one  of  the  most  extensive  establishments  in  this  branch  of  trade  on  the  Cape. 

GEORGE  K.  BARNARD,  carriage  manufacturer  and  painting  at  No.  6  Commercial 
Street,  is  the  recognized  headquarters  for  this  business  on  Cape  Ann,  and  established 
his  business  here  in  1868.  He  is  a  member  of  Acacia  Lodge  of  Masons  and  is  a  vocalist 
of  note. 

H.  P.  &  J.  W.  DENNEN,  composed  of  Councilman  Henry  P.  and  Jacob  W.  Dennen, 
have  for  years  couducted  one  of  the  first  class  provision  stores  of  the  city,  their  place  of 
business  being  under  the  Mason  House.  Henry  P.  Dennen,  whose  portrait  is  given 
elsewhere  is  a  member  of  the  common  council. 

The  oldest  firm  of  shoe  dealers  in  the  city  is  that  of  PARSONS  BROS.,  established  in 
1837  by  their  father  Gorham  Parsons.  The  firm  comprises  W.  Frank  and  Edwin  O. 
Parsons,  a  picture  and  sketch  of  the  first  appears  elsewhere.  W.  Frank  Parsons  is  very 
popular  in  business  and  social  concerns  and  is  Regent  of  the  local  lodge  of  the  Royal 
Arcanum  and  Chaplain  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  Edwin  O.  enjoys  a  like  popu- 
larity, having  thrice  been  elected  to  the  common  council,  serving  on  the  important  com- 
mittees of  finance,  accounts,  etc.  They  are  direct  descendants  of  the  first  settler, 
Jeffrey. 

ARTHUR  E.  HERRICK,  158  Main  Street. — In  1874  he  started  in  the  fruit  business  and 
has  increased  his  sales  from  $4,000  to  $25,000  annually.  He  supplies  the  greater  part  of 
the  retail  dealers  of  the  Cape  with  their  stock. 


HISTORY  OF    GLOUCESTER.  339 

JOHN  W.  ROWE,  one  of  the  prominent  dry  goods  dealers,  a  native  of  Salem,  is  a 
descendent  of  the  Gloucester  settler  of  the  name.  Mr.  Kowe  removed  to  Gloucester 
when  quite  young,  eventually  becoming  connected  with  the  house  of  which  he  is  now 
proprietor.  In  1884,  he  was  elected  a  councilman  from  ward  6,  serving  on  important 
committees.  He  holds  positions  of  trust  and  importance  in  church  circles. 

JAMES  E.  TOLMAN,  conducts  a  successful  provision  store  at  251  and  253  Main  Street. 
He  is  connected  with  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Knights  of 
Pythias,  Tyrian  Lodge  of  Masons,  and  other  organizations. 

J.  HOWARD  PROCTER,  a  native,  is  a  young  man  of  26  who  was  the  pioneer  in  estab- 
lishing a  modern  furniture  establishment  in  town,  meeting  with  marked  success  He  is  a 
member  of  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Red  Men,  Tyrian 
Lodge  of  Masons  and  others. 

COUNCILMAN  JOSEPH  B.  MAGUIRE,  located  at  Parkhurst's  railway  is  engaged  quite 
extensively  in  the  marine  and  house  painting  industry.  He  is  a  member  of  Ocean  Lodge 
of  Odd  Fellows,  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Temple  of  Honor,  Sons  of  Temperance  and 
others. 

CHARLES  A.  MASON  another  of  the  principal  dealers  in  dry  and  fancy  goods,  whose 
establishment  is  at  274  Main  Street,  is  a  native  of  Rockport.  His  business  is  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  kind  on  the  Cape  and  is  constantly  increasing.  He  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Independent  Christian  church  and  other  circles. 

The  establishment  of  S.  W.  BROWN,  15  Main  Street,  is  one  of  the  principal  provision 
stores  in  the  city.  Mr.  Brown  is  a  native  of  the  city,  and  during  the  Civil  War  enlisted 
in  Co.  G,  8th  Regt.,  for  nine  months,  as  corporal,  and  a  second  time  as  orderly  ser- 
geant for  100  days.  He  is  a  member  of  Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Cape  Ann 
Encampment  and  others. 

WILLIAM  F.  MOORE,  a  prominent  young  man  engaged  in  the  fish  business,  with  his 
establishment  at  Commercial  Street,  does  an  an  extensive  fish  business.  Mr.  Moore, 
whose  portrait  appears  on  page  278,  is  a  member  of  the  Common  Council,  to  which  he 
has  been  elected  for  the  past  two  years. 

FITZ  J.  BABSON,  JR.,  Railroad  Avenue,  a  prominent  member  of  the  Universalist 
church,  is  one  of  the  largest  lumber  dealers  on  Cape  Ann. 

HARVEY  C.  SMITH,  the  present  alderman  from  Ward  Five,  conducts  an  extensive  fish 
business  of  all  kinds  at  Griffin's  Wharf.  Mr.  Smith  was  the  originator  of  the  brand 
"Cape  Ann  Turkey"  which  bears  a  high  reputation  among  the  trade  of  the  country.  He 
is  a  native  of  Rockport. 

MOSES  S.  BABSON,  of  the  West  End  Grocery,  is  a  popular  young  man,  who  served 
in  the  City  Council  in  1887,  '88  and  '89. 

D.  SOMES  WATSON,  108  Duncan  Street,  is  one  of  the  principal  contractors,  samples 
of  his  work  being  the  police  building,  residences  of  Sylvester  Cunningham  and  J.  J. 
Somes,  shown  in  this  work.  Mr.  Watson  has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  in 
the  city  government  during  the  past  decade. 

L.  E.  SMITH,  221  and  223  Main  Street,  dealer  in  stoves,  hardwares  and  plumbers' 
materials,  conducts  this  latter  branch  of  the  business  almost  exclusively  on  Cape  Ann. 

WILLIAM  E.  CALL  &  Co.,  painters  and  paper  hangers,  36  Washington  Street. — Mr. 
Call  is  another  of  the  younger  element,  a  prominent  member  of  various  secret  organiza- 
tions and  conducts  a  successful  business  in  his  line. 

HOWARD  F.  INGERSOLL,  one  of  the  principal  provision  dealers  is  a  progressive  go- 
ahead  business  man.  He  is  a  member  of  Acacia  Lodge  of  Masons,  Washington  Chapter 
of  Salem,  Bethlehem  Commandery,  Royal  and  Select  Masters,  Aleppo  Temple,  Mystic 
Shrine  Boston,  Sutton  Lodge  of  Perfection,  Princes  of  Jerusalem,  Rose  Croix,  Consis- 
tory, Ocean  Lodge,  Cape  Ann  Encampment,  Patriarchs  Militant,  Canton  Unity,  Salem, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Red  Men,  Knights  of  Honor,  Good  Fellows,  United  Workmen  and 
was  one  of  the  pioneer  members  of  the  fire  department. 

The  firm  of  ALBERT  MARCHANT  &  SON,  Charles  S.  Marchant  the  principal  partner, 
28  and  30  Wharf  Street,  soap  manufacturers,  occupy  a  large  establishment  and  do  an 
extensive  business. 

C.  D.  BROWN,  193  Main  Street,  Bookseller  and  Stationer,  has  a  large  and  compre- 
hensive stock  of  periodicals,  souvenirs,  etc.  Mr.  Brown  is  at  present  Noble  Grand  of 
Ocean  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows. 


340  HISTORY  OF  GLOUCESTER. 

EVERETT  LANE,  130  Main  Street,  is  the  headquarters  for  artistic  jewelry,  silverware, 
souvenir  spoons,  etc.  Howard  G.  Lane,  who  is  connected  with  the  firm,  has  been  for 
two  years  state  representative.  His  portrait  appears  on  page  270.  Both  men  are 
natives  of  Rockport. 

W.  H.  H.  DAVIS,  Livery  Stable,  etc.,  Parson  Street.  The  premises  are  spacious  and 
conveniently  located,  and  are  replete  with  every  appliance  for  the  satisfactory  prosecu- 
tion of  the  business.  Mr.  Davis  is  a  native  of  Gloucester,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  an  authority  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  horse  flesh. 

SAMUEL  V.  COLBY,  Sail  Maker  and  Dealer  in  Cordage,  No.  375  Main  Street,  Bab- 
son's  Wharf.  The  headquarters  for  equipping  vessels  for  the  fisheries  is  Samuel  V. 
•Colby,  sail  maker  and  dealer  in  cordage.  Mr.  Colby  is  an  experienced,  practical  man 
to  the  trade,  and  was  born  in  Maine.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  the  city  many  years, 
and  was  formerly  master  of  a  fishing  vessel.  Mr.  Colby  has  been  a  member  of  the  City 
Council,  and  has  always  been  foremost  in  fostering  and  advancing  every  enterprise  that 
was  for  the  public  good.  His  establishment  is  the  largest  private  sailmaking  loft  in  the 
country. 

REED  &  GAMAGE,  East  Main  Street,  have  been  established  since  1879.  The 
firm  occupy  ground  covering  an  area  of  260x350  feet,  on  which  stand  five  large  buildings, 
fully  equipped  with  all  appliances  and  conveniences  and  employment  is  afforded  a  force 
of  over  50  men.  The  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  Charles  A.  Reed  and  Charles  H. 
Gamage  are  natives  of  Gloucester. 

DAVID  O.  FROST,  corner  Main  and  Pearce  streets,  a  native  of  Rockport,  a  young  and 
progressive  man,  is  the  proprietor  of  a  successful  clothing  business.  Mr.  Frost  is 
prominent  in  masonic  circles  and  is  the  present  master  of  Tyrian  Lodge,  his  portrait 
being  presented  in  that  connection. 

The  oldest  dry  goods  house  in  Massachusetts  is  that  of  JOHN  C.  CALEF  &  Co., 
•established  in  Gloucester  by  the  senior  member  in  1827,  and  since  1849  on  the  premises 
occupied  at  present,  83  and  85  Main  Street.  In  1887,  the  business  passed  into  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Allen  Rogers,  but  the  old  firm  name,  a  household  word  on  the  Cape,  has  been 
retained.  The  firm  has  always  kept  abreast  of  the  times,  and  its  salesrooms,  devoted  to 
general  dry  goods,  merchandise,  carpets,  etc.,  are  among  the  largest  and  most  attractive 
in  the  city.  Mr.  Rogers  who  was  Gloucester's  second  mayor,  is  a  man  held  in  high 
esteem  in  the  community.  He  is  trustee  of  the  Cape  Ann  Savings  Bank,  director  in  the 
Sawyer  Free  Library  and  trustee  in  the  fund  ;  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  the 
Gilbert  Home,  director  in  the  Addison  Gilbert  Hospital,  trustee  of  the  First  Parish 
fund,  commissioner  of  the  City  Sinking  Fund,  and  is  now  serving  his  seventeenth  year 
•on  the  school  board. 


RBBD    &    GAMAGE, 

PRODUCERS,   CURERS 
AND  SHIPPERS  OF   .-. 

Salt  Water  pish,  Codfish,  flaekerel,  Ete. 

215,  217,  219,  221  EAST  MAIN  ST.,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 

•-•-• 

Particular    attention    given    to     Special     Brands    of     Boneless     Codfish. 

'"pHE  25Oth  Anniversary  Year  of  Gloucester  finds  us  with  a 
New  Store  and  a  Large  Supply  of 

BOOTS,  SHOES,  JOBBERS  and  GENTS'  FURNISHINGS, 

At    193    East   Main    Street,    and 

DRY  AND   FANCY    GOODS, 

At    195    East   Main   Street 

When    you    are   in    need    of   anything   in    our   line,    please 
give  us  a  call,  and  then  go  away  happy. 

JOSEPH     PARSONS,   Prop. 

A.  P.  STODDART  &  SON, 
MACHINISTS, 


And  Manufacturers  of 


Vessels'     Steerers, 
No.  236  MAIN  ST., 

GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


Established  1882. 


ft    P.    6c    <J.    W.    DENN&N, 


DEALERS    IN 


Beef,     Pork,    Mutton,    Poultry,    Cheese, 

VEGETABLES,  BUTTER,  LARD  AND  CANNED  GOODS. 


Nos.  2  &  4  Main  St.,      .     .      Under  Mason  House. 


D.  SOMES  WATSON, 

Builder     /. 


AND 


Contractor. 

KND    CKSE    WORK. 


103  DaNGAN  ST.,  SL0aCESTER,  MASS. 

H.  JORDAN,    %   & 


WHOLESALE 


FISH    :     : 

DEALER. 


of 


JOSEPH     B. 

HOUSE  AND  SHIP  PAINTER, 

AND    DEALER    IN 

PAINTS,  OILS,  VARNISHES,  GLASS,  PUTTY,  ETC. 
Shop,  Foot  of  Duncan  Street, 

At  Parkhurst's  Railways,        GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 
WAI/TBR     W.     WONSON, 

WHOLESALE    DEALEK    IN 

HAfoiBaT,  ®  GOD,  ®  HABBQGK, 

SWORDFISH,  LOBSTERS,  MACKEREL,  AND  ALL 
KINDS    OF  FRESH  FISH  AT  BOTTOM  PRICES. 

Telephone  NO.  25.  FOHT  01HARF,  GliOUCESTEH,  fflASS. 


J.  J.  STANWOOD 


\SEA  SHORE' 

REAL  ESTATE 


, 

rjANCHESTERBYTHESEA,  MAGNOLIA 
GLOUCESTER,  EASTERN  POINT 


GLOUCESTER,MASS 

GIe!ephon,e    J^o.so 


BOTT    BROTHERS, 


DEALERS    IN 


CUSTOM  AND    SALE   HARNESSES, 

Whips,  Robes,  Blankets,  Collars,  Sponges,  Chamois,  Carriage 
and  Harness  Oils,  Etc.  Repairing  and  Cleaning  Harnesses 
Promptly  Attended  To 

5  Main  St.,  Opp.  Mason  House,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


GLOUCESTER     * 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY, 

.    .   LIGHT 
AND  POWER. 

VINCENT  STREET 


WILLIAM   H.  JORDAN,   President.  E.   L.   NORRIS,  Treasurer. 


ALBERT  MARCHANT  &  SON, 

*  Soap  JWanafaetareFs, 


* 


28    &    30    WHARF    STREET, 
GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


Soda,  Ice  Cream,  Etc. 


ALSO,    ALL   THE    POPULAR    READING   MATTER   OF   THE    DAY. 


194  IWain  St.,  Gloucester,  IVIass.      •     •     •     26  fllain  St.,  Koekport,  (Dass. 


L.    D.    LOTHROP, 

Manufacturer  of  and  Dealer  in 

pishing  Tackle  of  all  K 

Importer  of  the  Famous  Arthur  James  English  Fish  Hooks. 


COR.  DUNCAN   AND   LOCUST  ST8.,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


BOOKSELLER  AND  STATIONER, 

193  Main  St.,   Opp.   Post-  Office, 

GLOUCESTER  ...... 


Largest  stock  of  Landscape  and  Marine  Views  of  Cape  Ann,  including  Magnolia,  Gloucester,  Rock- 
port,  and  Pigeon  Cove.  Publisher  of  "  Gloucester  Picturesque,"  containing  twenty  views  for  $1.00.  A 
Unique  Souvenir  for  Summer  Visitors.  Ladies'  and  Gents'  Fine  Stationery  a  Specialty.  "  Mother  Ann  "  I'ox 
Paperonly  25  cents  per  box.  Rending  Matter  of  all  kinds.  Full  Seaside  Library  always  on  hand.  Lawn  Tennis 
and  Base  Kail  Goods.  Large  stock  of  Pictures,  Water  Colors,  Etchings,  etc.  Pictures  Framed  to  Order. 

Headquarters  for  Souvenir  of  the  City  for  the  zsoth  Anniversary.  Complete  line  of 
Artists'  Materials. 

Established   I860. 

CHAS.  H.  BOYNTON, 
Dealer  in  Coal  and  CHood, 

Wharf,  rear  of  Cape  Ann  Savings  Bank, 
GLOUCESTER,  .  MASS. 


DEALEl! 


Beef,  Pork,  Button,  Ham,  Poultry,  Saasages, 

VEGETABLES,  FRUITS,  Etc. 


Western  Market,  15  Main  Street,  Gloucester,  Mass. 


188O.  1892 

SAMUEL  G.   POOL  SETH  STOCKBRIDGE. 

THOMAS  HODGE.  DAVID  I.   ROBINSON. 


ATLANTIC 


HALIBUT  COMPANY, 

Wholesale  Shippers  of 
I    I          *   * 

I  —  I 

i    i          • 

HHL.IBUT, 


GLOUCESTER,    .    .    .    MASS 


Connected   by  Telephone  f4o.  3O,  and  by  Postal 
Telegraph  Cable  Company. 

Organized  March  16,    r88o. 


JOSEPH   C.   SHEPHERD, 


DEALER    IN 


Beef,  Pork,  mutton,  Ham,  Poultry,  Sausages, 

LARD   AND    VEGETABLES. 
AGENTS  DEEltfOOT  FAflffl  CKEA]H  AND  IPSOJICH  CflEAJVIEKY  BUTTEfl. 


118  Main  St.  and  12  Millett  St.,  Gloucester,  Mass. 
KOLEY     &    CON  LEY, 

PRODUCERS,   PACKERS  AND 
WHOLESALE     DEALERS     IN 

Salt  *  CUater  *  pish. 


MACKEREL  A  SPECIALTY. 


GLOUCESTER, MASS. 

JAMES  CUNNINGHAM, 
House,  Ship  &  Sign  Painter. 

ORDERS    FOR 
Paper  Hanging,  Whitewashing,  Kalsomining  and  Glazing  Promptly  Attended  To. 


Dealer  in  Paints,   Oils,  Varnishes,   Pure  Copper  Paint,   Brushes,  Glass  and    Putty, 
Picture  and  Room  Mouldings.    Special  Attention  Paid  to  Graining,  all  Colors. 


SHOP5     KT     CITV     LMNDING,     COTVTTUteROIML.     ST. 


ESTABLISHED    1874. 

75.     IB.     HERRICK, 

•—^  •  j  :>:>:>:  :•::«;  >:>:>::«:  :»::«:>:  ;«:>:;«:  >: :«: :«;;«:  •:»:•;•••;»;•;«:•>•••»•••«••••••>•••»•••»•  •«•••«;•>•  •« 

rorcisfn  cincl 

«~v  A  •  1^5  •  j  ^*  I  mill  1 1 

Domestic  Fruits,   ,ffyvyyj;;^'^"!l,™y^ 

158  MAIN  STREET, 
GLOUCESTER,  .  MASS. 

Sf\MUEb   V.   COLBY, 

7 

CABLES,    CHAINS,    Etc. 


D.  B.  SMITH  i  CO/8  WHflRF.  415  MflIN  STREET,  CLOOCE8TER. 
JAMKS    E.    TOLMAN, 

.     .     .     Dealer  in     .     .     . 

flleats,  Provisions  and  Groceries, 

GUTTER,  EGGS,  CHEESE,  BEANS, 
FRUIT  AND   VEGETABLES.     '.•      •.• 


CENTRAL  MARKET.  25!  &  255  MAIN  ST.,  GLOUCESTER. 
W.  H,  <H.    Df\VIS, 

WtfEHY,  BOflHDlHG  fl]lD  SALE  STABLE, 

Parsons  St.,  Opp.  Cape  Ann  Bank,  Gloucester,  Mass. 

ALSO,  STABLE  AT  BASS  ROCKS,  AND  BASS  ROCKS  BARGE  LINE. 

Hacks,  Barges  and  Barouches,  furnished  at  Short  Notice.     Horse  Shoer  and  Carriage 
Smith.     Also,   Dealer  in  Carriages  and  Sleighs  of  all  kinds. 

BMZ75KR,     57 


PRESSON'S  EXPRESS   CO., 

Gloucester  and  Boston. 

59  Franklin  St.,  34  Court  Sq., 
and  25  Merchants  Row. 


Savings    Bank:    Building, 
53    MAIN    ST. 


S.  A.  STAGEY  &  SON, 


GENERAL 


Insurance  Agents, 

GLOUCESTER  OFFICE: 


City  Bank  Building, 


Opp.  Post  Office,          GLOUCESTER. 


L-.     e.     S7VUTH, 

.     .     .     Dealer  in     .     .     . 

Stoves,  Hafduiape  and  Plumbers'  JVIaterials. 

Personal  Attention  given  to  Sanitary  Plumbing, 
Ventilation  and  House  Drainage.  House  Heating 
by  Hot  Water,  Steam  or  Warm  Air.  Tin  Roofing, 
Pump  and  Vessel  Work  and  General  Jobbing 
Promptly  Attended  To. 

221  AND  223  MAIN  STREET,  .  .  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 
EVKRKTT  LANK, 

DEALER  I]t  WATCHES  and  FflE  JEWEI^Y. 

WATER    COLORS 

AND  PHOTOGRAPHS  OF  CAPE  ANN  SCENERY  A  SPECIALTY. 

130  Main  Street,         .         .         Gloucester,  Mass. 


RSLIHBLE.  ESTABLISHED      1S31. 

W.  FRANK  PARSONS  &  BRO.. 

Boots,  Shoes  and 

81  MAIN  STREET,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


All  kinds  of   Repairing  done,  both  Hand  and  Peg,  in  the  Best  Manner. 


Established    1855. 


CUNNINGHAM  &  THOMPSON, 

producers, 


AND 


UA?olesale  Dealers 

IN     ALL     KINDS    OF" 

Salt  #  Water.*  Fish. 


BONELESS    FISH    OF    ALL  GRADES    A    SPECIALTY. 


No  Goods  Sold  to  the   Retail   Trade. 

GLOUCESTER,  ....          MASS. 


The  Stanworxl  Cod  in  2  Ib.  boxes  is  light  salted,  without  a  bone,  and  the  best  that  money  can  buy.  One 
pound  will  go  as  far  as  two  of  ordinary  curing.  Our  Fancy  XX,  XXX  and  XXXX  selected  Shore  Mackerel 
are  all  equal  in  quality,  differing  only  in  size.  If  looking  for  the  choicest  ask  your  grocer  for  these  qualities, 
and  see  that  our  name  is  on  every  package.  Money  refunded  if  not  satisfactory. 


Be. 

Wharves  9O  to    1  OO  Commercial  Street,  Gloucester,   Mass. 
A.    M.    Buruliam,   Opp.    Post-Office,    Local    Agent    for    Gloucester    and    Vicinity. 


DAVID   M.  HILTON, 

TEAMING   . 


AND 


BOARDING 
STABLE.  .  . 

STEVEDORE, 


AND  ALL  KINDS  OF 


All  orders  entrusted  to  me  will   be   punctually    and   faithfully   attended   to. 


O  1=  F=I  C  ES: 

No.  152   MAIN  STRBBT, 


Main,  Cor.  of  Pearce  St., 


ESTABLISHED  1850. 


NATHAN  RICHARDSON, 


of 


PATENT  STEERING  WHEELS 
AND   ICE  MILLS 


.  .  STEAM  PIPING.  .  . 

STEAM  HEATING  AP- 
PARATUS for  PUBLIC 
and  PRIVATE  HOUSES. 


ALL    KINDS    OF    MACHINERY    REPAIRED. 


Near  Railroad  Crossing, 

104  WASHINGTON  ST.,   GLOUCESTER,  mAss. 


H.    C.    SMITH, 

tllholesale  23  pish  sa  Dealer. 
TRY  "GAPE  ANN 


B.  Griffin's  Wharf,        Gloucester,  Mass. 

FRANK  O.  GRIFFIN, 

NEW  HOUSES  ^™^i 

ON  EASY  TERMS  OF  PAYMENT. 


MAPLEWOOD   AVENUE,       GLOUCESTER,   MASS. 


FITZ  J.  BABSOIN,  JR., 

Dealer  in  LUMBER  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

CLAPBOARDS,  SHINGLES,   LATHS,   CEDAR  POSTS, 

DOORS,  WINDOW  FRAMES,  BLACK  WALNUT, 

WHITEWOOD,    PICKETS,    LIME,    CEMENT, 
I! RICK,    HAIR,    HARDWARE,    Etc.    . 


Yard  and  Office,  tfailroad  Avenue,  Opp.  Passenger  Depot, 

GLOUCESTER,    MASS. 

WM.   H.   WONSON.  WM.   H.   WONSON,  3d. 

Established    1847. 

WM.   H.  WONSON  &   SON, 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS 
IN     AND     CURERS     OF 

•f  STROKED    FISH,  -f 

fill  Orders  by  ]YIail  or  otherwise,  Promptly  Attended  To. 


GLOUCESTER,  ....  MASS. 


T 


HE  POPULAR  LADIES'  STORE  ON  THE  GAPE. 


You  will  always  find  our  departments  well  stocked. 
The  Latest  Novelties,  and  of  the  Best  Manufacture  , 
and  the  best  thing  of  all  is  the  LOW  PRICES.  We 
mention  some  of  the  Departments  of  our  Establish- 
ment, of  which  you  will  find  us  the  Leaders  in  such 
goods: 

MILLINERY.  SHIRT    WAISTS.  CHILDREN'S    DRESSES. 

CLOAKS.  COTTON   UNDERWEAR.  CHILDREN'S   CLOAKS. 

FURS.  YARNS.  INFANTS'  DRESSES. 

INFANTS'    GOODS.          LADIES'    WOOLEN    SKIRTS.  HAIR    GOODS. 

WRAPPERS.  RUBBER    MACKINTOSHES.  CHILDREN'S    WAISTS. 

HOSIERY.  HANDKERCHIEFS.  HAND    BAGS. 

GLOVES.  LACES.  CORSETS. 

In  fact  you  can  find   anything  that  a  lady  would  wish  to  purchase. 


J.  H.  DUNNELS,  124  &  126  Main  St.,  Gloucester. 

Established    1886. 

West  End  Grocery.         23         23         23 

MOSES    S.    BABSON, 

DEALER    IN 

Ship  Stores,  and  Ghoiee  family  Groceries, 

No.  14  MAIN  STREET,   GLOUCESTER,   MASS. 

ESTABLISHED   1870. 

HOWARD     F.    INGERSOLL, 

Proprietor  Washington  Market, 


DEALER    IN 


BEEF,  PORK,  MUTTON,  LAMB,  POULTRY, 

LARD,     EGGS,      VEGETABLES, 
FRUITS  and    CANNED     GOODS. 

34    WASHINGTON    ST.     GLOUCESTER,    MASS. 


R. 


Shipping    A^erit   $*    Hroker, 


AND    DKAI.KK    IN 


FISHERMEN'S  AND    SEAMEN'S    OUTFITS, 
AND    GENTS    FURNISHING    GOODS,    v  v 

54  Duncan  Street,  GLOUCESTER,  MASS. 


MANUFACTURKRS   TO 
ORDER   OF 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

BOKTS. 


GLOUCESTER, 
MASS. 


e.     e.     FRIEND    St 

111    MAIN  STREET, 

COMMISSION  BROKERS 

IN     STOCKS.     BONDS.     GRMIN     7SND     RFPOVISIONS. 
Private  Direct  Wires  to  New  York  and  Chicago. 

Orders  Executed  in  all  the  Exchanges  for  Cash  or  on  Margin. 

Gloucester,     Mass. 


ELI  JACKMAN,      * 


.  .  Practical  Builder 


Contractor  for  Baildings 

OF  ALL  KINDS 


ALSO  DEALER  IN 


HflRD  HND  SOFT  CoflL  HND  WOOD. 

LIME,  HAIR,  CEMENT,  BRICKS,  LATHS 
AND  BUILDING  MATERIAL,  OF  ALL 
KINDS  .-. 


KOR     SALE     AT 


Wharf,  East  Main  St.,  near  Sayward  St. 

Connected  by   Telephone. 
Residence,   Telephone  Connection,  88  Eastern  Avenue. 

GLOUCESTER,  MASS 


3  1158  00962  4122 


G5P89 


008